QK1 »M593 copy 2 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 67-68 1979-80 Missouri BoTANIGAL GARDEN LIBRARY Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Stal posage in ate Rain Produces Winter Magic Heavy rain followed by falling temperatures beauty. created a special kind of winter magic at the Garden The Garden is indeed a place for all seasons. in December. Ice-covered branches formed crystal Winter temperatures and conditions often provide the ice sculptures. Highlighted by the sun, these framework for unusual effects of nature. sculptures formed a fantasy land of light, form and Don’t miss these special days at the Garden. e Volume LXVII Number 1 January 1979 January Decision Expected On Floral Display House The fate of the Floral Display House, severely damaged by an unfortunate fire that occurred on No- vember 10, 1978, is still undecided. The fire began in the restaurant area and spread rapidly, destroying the fiberglas roof of the House. The damage was covered by insurance. The extent of damage, however, makes it doubtful that the building, which was built in 1915, should be repaired and continue to be used for its present functions. The building has not been oper- ated on a year-round basis, since its structure has made it difficult to provide for the climatic needs of the plant materials and the comfort of visitors, especially during the summer. With these problems in mind, a new climate- controlled floral display hall has been planned as part of the new Education/Visitor Orientation Center. It is hoped that the Center will be completed within three years. The new floral display facility within it will im- prove the Garden’s ability to expand and enlarge flower shows and to host the shows of local plant societies under greatly improved conditions. Better support facilities will be provided to facilitate the set-up and take-down of shows. Large plants in moveable containers will provide background and framework for them. Because of these improvements, it will be possible to provide more educational fea- tures as a part of all of these displays. The increased adjacent parking and ease of access to the new center with night lighting will encourage the presenta- tion of evening programs. According to Dr. Peter Raven, Garden director, the final determination whether to repair the damaged Floral Display House will be made in January. If a Members, Mark Your Travel Calendars! Desert Trip: March 24 through April 1 Scandinavia/ Russia Cruise: June 12 through June 26 Ireland Castle and Garden Tour: Sept. 20 through Sept. 28 Additional information is available. Please call the Members’ office, 772-7600, extension 25. Orchid Show Preview Party Take a trip to the tropics to banish the winter doldrums! Come to the Members’ preview of the Orchid Show in the Climatron, scheduled for Friday evening, February 2, 1979, 5 to 7:30 p.m. This special evening is sponsored by Famous-Barr. P decision is made to await the completion of the new floral display hall rather than to make temporary re- pairs to the damaged one, alternate ways to present the Garden's flower shows during the next three years will be found. These plans will be discussed further in next month's Bulletin. Tree Walk, Workshop An indoor-outdoor educational program, concen- trating on the winter identification of deciduous trees and shrubs, will be held on Saturday, February 3, from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., at the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. The one-day program will include a brisk walk through portions of the Arboretum, providing the op- portunity for practical experience in the recognition of trees by their twigs and winter profiles. Also consi- dered will be the identification of conifers. Instructor for the program will be Kenneth Peck. Participants are asked to bring a sack lunch; coffee will be provided. Registration fee is $8, or $6 for Gar- den members. In the event of inclement weather, the program will be held on Saturday, February 10. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Horticultural Postage; The Stamps of Belize Christmas 1978 Thels ypte a s ol Hitere BELIZE _ 50.) Belize Christmas stamps depict native species, including, clockwise from upper left, Lygodium polymorphum (Cav.) Kunth, Heliconia aurantiaca Ghiesbr., Thelypteris obliterata (Sw.) C. Presle, and Angelonia ciliaris C.B. Robinson. oom ee 'BELIZE Sparsely populated countries, with struggling economies, make an extra effort to issue postage stamps of unusual or unique design. The stamps can generate attention from the world and their sale serves to assist the economy of the country. Belize (formerly British Honduras), a self- governing colony of the United Kingdom lying south of Yucatan, Mexico, and east of Guatemala, with a population of less than 150,000 and an area about as large as the State of Connecticut, is no exception. Over the past few years, especially in the period since self-government was achieved in 1967, the stamps of Belize have featured native fauna and flora, e.g., but- terflies, vertebrate species, forest trees, etc. Philatelists have given these issues an en- thusiastic reception. For the past Christmas season, a set of six stamps, featuring three species of flowering plants and three kinds of ferns, was issued. One of the flowering plants is the well-known Heliconia auran- tiaca, amember of the banana family and a relative of H. bourgeana, one of the spectacular tropical plants to be found to the right of the main entrance of the Climatron. The Garden has a strong interest in the flora of Belize, maintaining in the herbarium cases of the John S. Lehmann Building probably the largest col- lection of dried plants from that country of any institu- tion in the world. This is due mainly to the efforts of several staff members: Doctors Thomas Croat, Alwyn Gentry, John Dwyer, and Gerrit Davidse, and Mr. Ron Liesner. The Belize Philatelic Bureau, in a brochure an- nouncing the issuance of the Christmas set, thanked Dr. Dwyer for identifying the ferns and flowering plants selected for the issue. The stamps are over- sized, measuring 31.75 x 46.26 mm, and were lithog- raphed by the House of Questa in England. Each stamp has in the upper right hand corner a profile view of Elizabeth Il, Queen of England. Tower Grove House Tower Grove House soon will be resplendent with fresh paint and new wallpaper. Winter hours are 10 a.m. until 4 p.m. every day. During the renovations the house will be closed to visitors from Tuesday, January 2, through Wednes- day, January 31, 1979. The house and the tearoom will open on Thursday, February 1. Telephone your luncheon reservations during January, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., 773-9000. Members’ Project Sometime this month Members will be mailed a copy of the list of contributors to the Capital Cam- paign. Those on the list are eligible to submit their signatures for the Members’ Project Graphic. Please check the list to be certain your name has been included if you contributed to the Capital Cam- paign. If your name should be on the list, but is not, please call the development office. Each signature submitted will be incorporated into the Graphic, which will be displayed in the new Education/Visitor Orientation Center. rd wy Ys Wall graphic, sample above, developed by designer Edward Bydalek, will depict botanical arrangement formed from the signatures of donors to the special Members’ project. It will hang in the new Education/Visitor Orientation Center. 3 Folio Feast: A Very Rare Volume One of the little known curiosities housed in the rare book collections of the Garden’s research library is a small folio by the Rev. Richard Warner, with the imposing title Antiquitates Culinariae; or Curious Tracts Relating to the Culinary Affairs of the Old Eng- lish (London 1791). After a lengthy introduction on the eating habits of Olde England’s nobility, the Rev. Ware reproduces six tracts from the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries on cooking, serving, and dining room etiquette. In particular, there is an overwhelming account of the feast spread for the celebration of the enthrone- ment of Archbishop Nevell in the year 1446. Included on the menu for these festivities were six wild bulls, 104 oxen, 2000 pigs, 200 pheasants, 3000 “playne dyshes of gelly,” 4000 baked cold tarts, and 12 por- poises and seals. Elsewhere in this book can be found recipes for porpoise in broth, roe-buck broth, fried spinach and other delectables no longer in common use. Useful tidbits are scattered throughout the text on methods of making two pieces of cooked meat stick together, preserving fresh fruits and making a variety of sauces for meat and vegetable dishes. The importance of this book in the Garden library is not for its value to the chef, nor its value as a quaint conversation piece. Throughout the book are many annotations in the hand of Edward Lewis Sturtevant (1842-1898), a nineteenth century physician, botanist, agriculturist, cattle-breeder, researcher, writer and book collector. Dr. Sturtevant is perhaps best-known for his research on edible plants, and for his donation to the Garden of a large portion of his personal library, which forms the basis of the Garden's rare book col- lections. Dr. Sturtevant’s annotations in Antiquitates Culinariae identify all the plants mentioned in the re- cipes and menus with a handwritten index to where these plants were cited in the text, thus making our copy of this scarce publication uniquely useful to the student of culinary history and the use of food plants in earlier periods. Only 250 copies of this book were published, and many of these were apparently de- stroyed as part of a legal settlement against the au- thor for copyright violations. —Jim Reed Garden Librarian California Bookplate Exhibit An exhibit of bookplates made by or for members of the Book Club of California will be on display in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building from January 2 through January 31, 1979. The exhibit is sponsored by the Garden’s library. The Book Club of California, founded in 1912, is a non-commercial, non-profit association of book lovers and collectors who share a common interest in the literature and history of the Pacific Coast, in the graphic arts and fine printing. The exhibit consists of 79 bookplates, each a unique design as well as an outstanding example of fine printing and graphic art. Exhibit hours will be 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. GARDEN “OPEN LINE” — Garden volunteers man the telephone lines at Monsanto during the membership renewal campaign staged in November. On duty are, “a from right, Mrs. Judy Steffan, volunteer; Mrs. Nancy Lammers, executive secretary of the Members’ Office; Mrs. Nora Stern, president of the Executive Board of the Members; and Arthur Dye, assistant Garden director. Also active in the campaign were Mrs. Anna Lea Kerckhoff, chairman; Mrs. Diane Garesche; Mrs. Charla Gray; Mrs. Gloria Kelly; Mrs. Ruth Minton; and Mrs. Susie Yoder. am -p Sot SRE Pe _— & STRIBLING FOUNTAIN DEDICATION -— G. Carroll Stribling, at podium, presides at recent ceremonies dedicating the Garden’s new Stribling Fountain. The fountain was named in honor of Mr. Stribling’s late wife, Mrs. Frances Brightwell Stribling, a long-time Garden supporter and volunteer. Mrs. Stribling died in 1976. Girl Scouts Gather To Trim The Trees For International Christmas Display Gardening in St. Louis The beginning of a new year — time for new ideas, plans. Long winter evenings provide the leisure time to plan the garden, new plantings, introduction of new varieties. Seed and nursery catalogs should have arrived or will do so soon. New plant introduc- tions will be featured in bright, glossy photographs — a sure cure for the winter doldrums! After leafing through the seed and nursery catalogs, check out your notes from the past garden- ing season. Note any particular success and failure and what you want to stress this season. It is not too early to place seed orders. Cool weather crops can go in the ground early, so it’s best to have seed on hand. Some annual seeds can be started inside, but it is early for most. Those started this early tend to be- come leggy before it is warm enough to get them outside. Bulbs and Forcing Check bulbs that were planted last fall for forcing. Bring them into a warm dark area until an inch or so of green is visible. Then place in a warm sunny window. Forced bulbs present a happy reminder that spring can’t be so very far away. Keep feeders filled for your feathered friends. Birds come to depend on feeders during this part of the winter so keep the supply constant. It is a good idea to offer suet as well. Watch greenhouse ventilation on sunny days. Sun can quickly warm the greenhouse even though exterior temperatures may be very cold. Holiday Plants Take special care of holiday gift plants. Give them good light, but not direct sunlight. As new growth begins, mild feedings can begin again not only for gift plants but house plants as well. Washing the leaves of house plants with a warm water and mild soap solution will be beneficial. Dust will be removed, pores opened, plants will look better and be healthier. lf plants are leaning toward the light, rotate the pot partially. Continue to watch watering and don't begin to fertilize until active growth begins once again. If mild days occur, check exterior plantings to see if moisture is needed and mulches are in place. Plants that have heaved up due to the action of freez- ing and thawing should be firmed back into place and mulch replaced. The feeling of spring can be hastened by forcing branches of flowering trees and shrubs. Toward the end of the month cut branches, bring inside and place in warm water. Keep warm and when color begins to show arrange attractively. Forsythia and flowering crabs are particularly suited to forcing. —Barbara B. Pesch 6 Bark, Twig and Fruit— Colors and Textures of Winter Each month, the Gardening in St. Louis column will include a discussion of a specific subject submit- ted by a member of the horticultural staff. Mr. God- lewski's report is the first in this series. With the advent of winter, one seems to be de- prived of garden interest, but to the keen observer interest still exists in bark, twig and fruit characteris- tics. Many trees exhibit a marvelous architectural character which in itself lends a certain solidarity to the winter landscape. A few highlights at the Garden include: Acer griseum (paperbark maple). This Chinese maple has the outstanding feature of cinnamon brown-colored paperbark which peels off in thin trans- lucent sheets in a fashion not dissimilar to the canoe birch (Betula papyrifera). The paperbark maple will ultimately attain a 25-foot height with a somewhat rounded head. The leaves are divided into three coarsely toothed leaflets, inconspicuous flowers in the spring develop into showy winged seeds. Fall foliage color is a marvelous crimson under the proper conditions. Ulmus parvifolia (Chinese elm) is another Chinese native in the garden that has interesting bark characteristics. It is a tree which ultimately attains a 35- to 40-foot height in our Midwest climate with a spreading, arching habit almost to the point of weep- ing. Bark, with age, attains a lovely mottled effect in green, cream and brown. This elm fruits in the fall and holds its shiny green leaves, which turn yellow late in the fall. It has the added benefit of being resistant to the Dutch elm disease, although it will never attain the magnificent stature of the American elm. A shrub exhibiting interesting twig characteristics during the winter is the Cornus stolonifera (redtwig dogwood). The twigs are a striking red color, creating an especially fine contrast against newly fallen snow. This dogwood is well adapted to our climate, being a native, and thrives in moist positions in the garden. An interesting horticultural form exists called Cornus stolonifera ‘Flaviramea’, which has yellow twigs. This form requires the same cultural conditions as the redtwig dogwood. The flowers are small in clusters and are not of the showy bracted type com- monly associated with dogwoods. The fall color is variable mostly in the red range. Periodic renewal may become necessary if the plant overgrows its position. This is accomplished by cutting the plant back to three to four buds above ground in the spring. This will cause a proliferation of new stems. There are many plants exhibiting beautiful winter fruit display, but | will mention two. One is the Crataegus viridis (green hawthorne), another native of Missouri, with a strongly horizontal branching pat- tern and a great profusion of half-inch scarlet fruit which seem to hang on late into the season. A mature tree attains a 15- to 20-foot height with a rounded head of equivalent spread. Pruning is required to thin out excessive twiggy growth. Last but not least is another native, the Dios- Pyros virginiana (American persimmon), a tree grow- ing to 30-40 feet with a broad oval crown. The bark is an attractive gray-brown fissured into a deeply chec- kered pattern. The fruits are 1%2 to 2 inches wide, round, yellow to orange, very puckery until soft ripe, then very sweet. The leaves turn yellow, pink and red in the fall and are bronzy-red as they develop in the spring. These examples prove the garden is for all sea- sons! —Alan Godlewski Chairman, Landscape Horticulture Third Annual Phonathon Once again the Garden will be participating in the Arts and Education Phonathon, which will be held during the last week of March. Fifty volunteers are needed to donate two hours of their time to help raise funds for this organization. The Garden is one of 138 member organizations and depends on support from the Arts and Education Council as an important part of its operating budget. The Garden has called upon volunteers in the past to help with this project and it is hoped that this year the Garden can show support from its members. All that is involved is making phone calls from the Meeting Room at Plaza Frontenac or helping with related paper work. The persons who will be contacted are previous donors and will have received a letter in advance informing them of the solicitation. If you are available to help, please fill out the information below or call 772-7600, extension 19. More information will then be sent to you. Mail to: Mrs. Carol Taxman Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 Name Phone_____ Address City Zip Times available: (Check one) L] Wednesday, March 27, 9-11 a.m. L] Thursday, March 28, 9-11 a.m. — Mrs. Martin Lammetrt Ill Mrs. Martin Lammert Ill, wife of the chairman of the board of Lammert Furniture Company, died No- vember 16, 1978, following a lengthy illness. Mrs. Lammert was active as a volunteer at the Garden for many years. Under her guidance, the Women’s Committee was formed and she served as the first president of that organization from 1955 to 1957. Upon her retirement, a white iris was named in her honor, Bartow Lammert. Another award was given to Mrs. Lammert in 1962 by the Board of Trustees. The Golden Climatron award, given only three times, was awarded on the basis of Mrs. Lammert’s outstanding contributions to the Garden. MEMBERSHIP — NOVEMBER 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Evelyn A. Delbridge Greenhouse Associates Mr. Goeffrey L. Rausch Mrs. Eugene M. Reese Mr. Don J. Riehn Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. R. D. Rochat Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Ryan Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Buford D. Smith Mr. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. E. W. Sunder, Jr. Mr. John F. Wehling Mr./Mrs. Howard J. Wilkinson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones NEW MEMBERSHIPS — Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig NOVEMBER Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr. William N. Eisendrath, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgeway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson SUSTAINING Mrs. Gladney Ross ; te S Bache Miss Julia Novosal Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. REGULAR Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer a inl Lage Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner hire: Jat At Aneln Mrs. Ben H. Wells ; ; . Mrs. Cecil P. Arnold Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil hing Meine Arneid DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Baebler J H. Beatti Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell pee oo) aah Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell ike Dorian Bail Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Robert W. Berrey, III Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. John J. Bess Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel rik 2 : F. is hie & Tenen Cline All Mr./Mrs. William F. Blankmann Mr. James L. Bogler Mr./Mrs. Ronald Cervenka Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Born Mrs. Mason Scudder Mr./Mrs. T. J. Braciale Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. J. Steven Braden Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Marvel Bretsynder Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Dr./Mrs. Shael S. Bronson Mr./Mrs. Robert Broph rr ghia ~ Mr ees at Mrs. Lucille D. Brown SUSTAINING Ms. Sue Burklund Mr. Jonathan Burstyn Mr./Mrs. William S. Cassilly Mr. Muriel Butler Miss Celestin A. Ghio Ms. Jo. S. Hanson Ms. Leslie Caplan Mr./Mrs. Roland A. Champagne Mr./Mrs. Ronald Lovett Mr./Mrs. H. B. Morris Ms. Rosie L. Chandler Mr./Mrs. F. A. Chapman Mr./Mrs. Morris B. Chapman, Sr. CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. John S. Childress Mr./Mrs. William L. Behan, III Mrs. L. H. Clarkson Member of | The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Ms. Mary Cote Ms. Elizabeth A. Craft Mr./Mrs. Michael C. Cross Mr. Michael Currier Mr./Mrs. Miguel M. Dayawon Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Douglas Mr./Mrs. Bruce Duffey Mr./Mrs. Timothy P. Duggan Mr./Mrs. R. E. Egeditch Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Elliott Mrs. Isabel W. Emig Mr. Ralph Emons Mr. Chuck Ermatinger Mrs. Betty J. Farkas Mr./Mrs. Michael B. Fazio Mrs. Priscilla K. Feagan Mr. Harold S. Fecker Mr. John W. Fehlmann Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Fetick Mr. Michael Flanary Mr. Michael D. Fleming Mrs. Winifred J. Frederickson Dr./Mrs. Ronald J. Gaskin Miss Katherine Geraghty Mrs. Doris B. Goodwin Mrs. Maud S. Gordon Mr./Mrs. Fred Green Mrs. Lindell Grodon, Jr. Grow & Show Garden Club Ms. lone Hagelman Hanley Partnership, Inc. Mr./Mrs. Paul Haglin Mr./Mrs. John C. Hamm Mr. William J. Hanes Mr./Mrs. Walter S. Hanses Mr./Mrs. Jack R. Harbison Dr. Slayden H. Harris Mr./Mrs. Eric S. Harter Mrs. Margaret Hathaway Mr./Mrs. William K. Haverstick Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Heinz Miss Barbara A. Heisinger Mr./Mrs. T. Helton Mrs. Genevieve Hooyer Mr./Mrs. Philip A. Hutchison Mr. M. Islam Mr./Mrs. Lloyd W. Jennings Mr./Mrs. David Jensen Mrs. May E. Killian Mr./Mrs. John D. King Mrs. Maude V. Klug Mr./Mrs. George E. Knight Mrs. F. Krumm Mr./Mrs. Walter S. Kulawiec Mr./Mrs. Royal O. Laakman Mrs. Marie F. Leiendecker Mrs. Jones Lending Mr./Mrs. William Lenzner Ms. Marykay Lesniak Mr./Mrs. James Lesniewski Ms. Claudine Levingston Ms. Florence M. Lindner Mrs. Rebecca Lovelace Mr./Mrs. H. H. Lowe Mrs. Lenore Marten Mr./Mrs. J. E. Maurer Mr./Mrs. George R. May Dr. Charles R. McAdam Ms. Elfie M. McColl Mr./Mrs. Charles T. McGregor Mr. Thomas P. McGuckin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Frank McGuigan Mr./Mrs. Lawrence W. McKenna, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James A. McNally Mrs. Ruth G. Mehrhoff Mrs. Edna W. Miller Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Miller Mr./Mrs. Elmer Moeller Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Mollenkamp Mr. Steven D. Mooneyham Mr./Mrs. Nels C. Moss, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Terrence E. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Gary Myers Mr./Mrs. Howard Nadel Miss Dorothy M. Naggi Mr./Mrs. James Nicolay Mr./Mrs. William F. Nichols Mr./Mrs. Harry J. Nichols Mrs. Kay Nicoson Nordmann Printing Co. Mr./Mrs. Dean E. Oettel Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Ogrodnik Mrs. Frances O’Keefe Mr./Mrs. Thos. J. O'Toole Miss Madonna Palmer Mr./Mrs. Adam G. Pausch Mr. Walter R. Penney Mr./Mrs. J. S. Pillsbury Mr. Milton L. Rano, Jr. Mrs. Doris Reid Mr. Joe G. Rickman Mr./Mrs. William P. Ridley Mr./Mrs. Lawrence J. Ritter Mr./Mrs. Scott Russell Mrs. Iris Salsman Mr. Donald E. Sampson Mr. Henry Schlag Mr. Guy A. Schmitz Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Schulz, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William L. Schutzius Mr. Mark Schwarzentraub Miss Diane M. Schwendemann Mr./Mrs. Bruce B. Selkirk, Jr. Mr./Mrs. T. Samuel Senadenos Mr./Mrs. Max P. Shelton Ms. Mary A. Sherrill Mr./Mrs. Charlotte Shows Ms. Sally J. Shrout Mr./Mrs. F. Peter Simmons Mr./Mrs. Jesse Simms Miss Patricia L. Skarin Mr./Mrs. Michael F. Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Smith Mr. Keith W. Spoeneman Mr./Mrs. Thomas Stecher Mrs. Lila Stovall Dr. Philo Su Mr./Mrs. Thomas N. Tener Ms. Kathrin Theis Mr./Mrs. Chris Tietze Mrs. Delores Trowbridge Mr. Stan Tyson Mrs. LeRoy VanHooser Mr./Mrs. David A. Vaughan Mr./Mrs. Everett Walters Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Ward Mr. Howard M. Webb Ms. Lynne E. Webber Dr. Morton M. Weber Dr./Mrs. Alan Weiss Mr./Mrs. Ted C. Wetterau, Jr. Mr. Kenneth Wibberg Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Wiesler Mr./Mrs. David W. Willer Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Williams Mrs. Shari Y¥. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Wm. C. Wilson Mr./Mrs. John D. Wittwer Dr./Mrs. William S. M. Wold Mr./Mrs. Eugene Wolff Mr./Mrs. David C. Wozniak NOVEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. Alexander Bakewell’s Birthday Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. In Honor of Mr. Emest A. Eddy, Jr’s. Birthday Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. In Honor of Mrs. Samuel Edison’s Birthday Louis and Bert Melchior In Honor of Jason’s auspicious arrival Margie and Jules Berg In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. Charles Sherwin’s Special Anniversary Gerry Barnholtz In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Smith's Golden Anniversary Marian Barnholtz In Honor of Mrs. Casper S. Yost’s Birthday Mary Proffitt In Memory of Peggy Bearman’s Father Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Memory of Mr. Lewis Bsharah Drs. Kenneth and Ellen Lissant In Memory of Mrs. Blanche Burnett Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Wright In Memory of Mrs. Anna Carr Gerry and Marian Barnholtz In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Claggett Mary E. Bascom In Memory of Mrs. Marie W. Dwyer Mr./Mrs. Wallace Tuttle In Memory of Dale G. Farmer Eunice F. Fritsche In Memory of Mrs. Martin Lammert, Ill Lammert Employees Assn. In Memory of Mrs. Harold P. McAllister The Robert Dennis Family In Memory of John B. McKee Mrs. Roger C. Shirtum In Memory of Mrs. Thomas S. McPheeters Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mary Elizabeth Bascom Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward In Memory of Mrs. Gladys S$. McRee Mrs. Wilbur B. Jones Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly In Memory of Mrs. Henry McRee Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward In Memory of Marion Riechart, R. N. Fern Kloepper In Memory of Nina B. Snyder Mr./Mrs. William A. Frank In Memory of Fan Spenser Ruth and August Homeyer In Memory of Mr. J. G. Taylor Spink C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Helen Strubinger Ralph and Jane Edwards In Memory of George Taaffe Peg and Joe Tucker, Jr. In Memory of Joe Williamson, Jr. Pitzman’s Co. of Surveyors & Engineers In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Yukinobu Yamamoto Mrs. Ritsuko Shoji In Memory of Harry Zucker Mr./Mrs. Tobias Lewin MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID) AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Moth orchid, one of hundreds of orchid varieties on display during the Orchid Show, February 3-March 11 in the Climatron. The Garden: A Public Service Resource During the process of setting priorities and goals, the Public Services Division of the Gar- den, headed by David Goudy, prepared apresentation for the Board of Trustees in December. Because so much of this information is relevant to Garden mem- bers, excerpts from the presentation will be printed in this and future issues of the Bulletin. Henry Shaw, in establishing the Garden, spoke specifically to the issue of the Garden’s public nature: “Whereas | have for many years been engaged in laying out and establishing a botanical garden . .. which is now known as The Missouri Botanical Gar- den ... for the object and with the view of having for the use of the public a botanical garden easily acces- sible, which should be forever kept up and maintained for the cultivation and propagation of plants, flowers, fruit and forest trees, and other productions of the vegetable kingdom; and devoted to the same and to the science of botany, horticulture, and allied objects ... and to preserve the same to the use and enjoy- ment of the public for all time.” Wigs AW? Bl" eet ra YS. oe f Vin y ry a a , : J . ere (Continued on Page 2) The Garden's new electric * trams, enclosed and heated 4 for winter use, are representative of the _ Garden's ongoing public service activities. The trams operate from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. weekends, weather permitting, and are available at other times by reservation, by contacting the education department. Volume LXVII Number 2 February 1979 Public Service . . . (Continued from Page 1) Shaw’s intention is clear. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss how we are organizing our resources to insure this “use and enjoyment” by the public. A key department concerned with our image and visibility is the Public Relations Department. It has rapidly expanded in recent years to assume a much broader and active mode more directly involved in articulating our public-related goals and influencing the operational policy-making to realize these goals. (Editor’s note: Susan Flowers’ discussion of the Gar- den’s public relations department will appear in a subsequent issue.) One of our major means of transmitting Garden information, whether helping a Garden visitor ap- preciate the subtleties of the Japanese Garden, or helping St. Louisans grow a better tomato, is through the print medium. This activity is housed in our Publi- cations Office under the management of Barbara Pesch, and in this capacity she is charged with pro- ducing and editing our wide range of written materials on horticultural topics, scientific reports, and various items of general information about our own Botanical Garden. (Editor’s note: Barbara Pesch’s discussion of the Garden’s publication's office will appear in a sub- sequent issue.) You are well aware of the outstanding growth rate of our membership program, and the wide variety of creative activities and programs, developed and implemented by the Membership Committee, which provide a major and important part of our public visibility. (Editor's note: Nancy Lammers’ discussion of the Garden's membership activities will appear in a sub- sequent issue.) In closing, | would like to review briefly some additional activities and elements of the Garden’s op- eration which are somewhat interdepartmental in na- ture. You are all well aware, of course, of the large number of popular programs offered for adults and school children through our Education Department. You may not, however, be as aware of many other community functions provided through this depart- ment. For example, as a result of one community need clearly identified in the membership survey, we have recently developed a completely volunteer corps of instructors within the Education Department to export horticultural workshop activities to special senior citizen centers. Our efforts in recent years with the St. Louis Public Schools have resulted in what we believe to be the only example nationally of a cultural institution becoming involved in a substantial and sig- nificant way in the desegregation efforts of a major gy urban school district. We are currently involved in meetings with local neighborhood groups exploring mechanisms to bring the Garden's horticultural tal- ents into the neighborhoods to assist in their beautifi- cation and development of neighborhood pride. These are but a few examples of the Garden's efforts to pay attention to our community and develop specific programs responding to local needs. But we must also view education in the broader context, going beyond specific courses, workshops and programs, and looking at the more fundamental questions of how the Garden itself is designed and arranged to provide meaningful and educational ex- periences about the plant world for the many hun- dreds of thousands of people who visit. In this respect we're really only beginning to scratch the surface, but the interpretive efforts being incorporated into the floral displays as well as the various special displays using our permanent collections, such as the recent Desert House program, “The Ubiquitous Euphor- bias”, are major beginnings in this direction. The visitors’ survey is of course a very valuable tool in our overall efforts to understand just who our audience is, why they are using the Garden, and how we might better structure our facilities and programs to more closely serve their interests. This information also serves as a basis for extrapolation to determine who our potential audience might be — that is, those people who may not presently be visiting but con- ceivably would be interested. Only with this kind of feedback information can we truly monitor our de- velopment, organizing our efforts to make this Garden an experience which will both entertain and educate, enticing our guests to come back again and again and, of course, ultimately as members and suppor- ters of the institution. In industry this is, of course, the major role of the marketing people. And the visitor survey here is the first element in our movement toward a more clearly defined marketing capability at the Garden. We have been working recently with a group of marketing specialists, volunteers from local industries, to evaluate and expand these efforts. The basic message, however, is this: implemen- tation of the very creative Master Plan developed in 1972 by EPD has given a great deal of attention to making the Garden what can be truly described as a people place. Attention to a wide range of details to accomplish this, ranging from the major and spec- tacular, such as the Japanese Garden, down to the smaller but in terms of visitor enjoyment and comfort, equally important elements such as our entrance facilities, benches, drinking fountains, signage, and so forth, has created a very special and unique ex- (Continued on Page 11) The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign solar Greenhousing: ‘The Sun Is For sch added When Ken Peck of the education department re- turned tan and excited from a whirlwind trip to New Mexico (something about solar greenhouses), he asked in his casual way if | wanted to hear about the conference. A horticulturist myself, | knew | should be interested; but feeling swamped with other duties | responded with “Thanks, but no-thanks.” A few days later | found a flyer, announcing a Solar Greenhouse Workshop, placed conspicuously atop my desk. Bold lettering across the bottom broadcast an appropriate motto, “The Sun is for Everyone”. My interest was sparked once again. A lazy Sunday afternoon and my own curiosity prompted a visit to the construction site of one of the first attached solar greenhouses to be built in the St. Louis area as a part of this workshop. That's when | understood Ken’s enthusiasm. At 562 Garden Street, Webster Groves, the sun’s angles had been determined. A southern exposure chosen and excavated. The foundation laid and insu- lated. A team of interested individuals were learning by doing: hammering studs, cutting insulation, measuring the glazing (the clear 3M flexigard cover- ing that’s used instead of glass). Several 50-gallon barrels, painted flat black, were grouped at one side of the site, awaiting their tasks as heat storage units. As | talked with Susan Yanda, one of the originators of the solar greenhouse project, | could visualize an April harvest of sugar peas, lettuce, and radishes, home-grown flowers for gift giving at Christmas and a lower heating bill, accomplished by venting excess heated air from the greenhouse into the home. Then a question popped into my mind, “How did a botanist/educator from the Missouri Botanical Gar- den get involved in building solar greenhouses?” On questioning Ken, | was referred to Arthur Pederson, a solar design engineer. Mr. Pederson had been asked by Bill Yanda of the Solar Sustenance Team under contract to the U. S. Department of Energy, to organize a Missouri delegation which would attend a solar greenhouse training session scheduled for October in north central New Mexico. The delegation of three was to include an engineer, a horticulturist and a community coordinator. Having been a Garden member for several years, it was natural for Mr. Pederson to contact the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden for a horticulturist. Ken accepted the offer as an opportunity to explore the potential of the project and bring something new to the homeowners of St. Louis. Art Pederson, Ken Peck and Lois Pierson, the third member of the team, arrived at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico, along with 40 other individuals from across the country (all climatic regions were rep- resented, except the northwest coast). The next four days were spent in training sessions and discussions, with the major objective of preparing each delegation to conduct solar greenhouse workshops in its com- munities. The Missouri delegation was impressed Southern exposure and solar energy at 562 Garden St. with the thoroughness of the program and the integ- rity of the session directors. Bill Yanda, Susan Yanda and several others make up the Solar Sustenance Team, which has been conducting workshops and building solar greenhouses, which serve as solar collectors when attached to a home, for the past four and one-half years. Their work in 30 states has been sponsored by grants from the Departments of the Interior and Ag- riculture, and presently a seven-month contract with the Department of Energy. Originally directing their efforts to low-income groups and rural families with the immediate need for a food and heat producing unit, the team is now widening its focus. Everyone can take advantage of the sun — it’s clean, cheap and available. A solar greenhouse functions without (Continued on Page 11) 3 Deborah Colombo Named Plant Shop Manager Deborah Colombo has been named the new manager of the Garden’s Plant Shop, it was an- nounced by Charles Orner, Garden assistant director. Mrs. Colombo, a St. Louis native, received a Feder- ated Garden Club of Missouri scholarship while attending the University of Missouri-Columbia, where she earned a degree in horticulture. Mrs. Colombo has been the recipient of several horticultural awards and is a member of a number of honorary fraternities. Deborah Colombo Tour Reminders As a reminder to our Members, the following ex- citing tours are included in the travel schedule for 1979: e Desert Field Study Tour of Arizona and New Mexico, escorted by Kenneth Peck, manager of In- structional Services; March 24 through April 1. e Scandinavia; tour to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland including a Russian cruise; June 12 through June 26. e Canadian Cariboos by helicopter includes Banff, Lake Louise, and Jasper; August 23 through Au- gust 31. e Ireland Castle and Garden Tour; September 20 through September 28. For further information, please call the Members’ office, 772-7600, extension 25. 4 Letter lo Members The following “membership” letter is published at the request of the author, Mrs. Nora Stern. . \ Mrs. Walter G. Stern Dear Member: | want to thank all of you individually for your gener- ous donations toward the Members’ project. We are well on our way toward the $135,000 goal because of your strong support. The Education Laboratory Work- room in the new Education/Visitor Orientation Center will become a reality because of your donations. The graphic incorporating the signatures of those of you who have contributed $25 or more is now in the design phase. | am pleased to announce that there will be a reception in October or November at which the designs and plans for the new building will be previewed. At that time the limited edition posters for those Members who have contributed $250 or more will be available. We look forward to this occasion with anticipation and excitement. Again, my thanks for your support for this significant project. I'll look forward to thanking you in person. Sincerely, Mrs. Walter G. Stern President, Executive Board of Members Henry Shaw Cactus Society Giff The Henry Shaw Cactus Society, represented by Betty Demzik and Pat Thoman, has presented the Garden with a significant contribution for the horticul- ture department. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, expressed great appreciation to the Society in accepting the gift. The Society has 275 members and presents its show annually at the Garden, in late August. The Garden In Winter, A St. Louis Ice Palace Adhd edd AAd AERA EARLE TEER EY Thas ie 4 : as ite ” ory Pe i = .d “ty Fe wet aS, * 5S eed. PST TD e a Py Se es oh Pe * Gesneriads, A Royal Family Of Plants Fc Surely the queen of flowering plant families in American homes today is the gesneriad family. To this family belong the ever-popular African violets (Saintpaulia), the showy florist gloxinias and their ex- quisite next of kin, the slipper gloxinias (all members of the genus Sinningia), the remarkable Cape prim- roses (Streptocarpus), and the gracefully trailing goldfish plants (Co/umnea). Perhaps less well- known, but becoming increasingly popular, are the genera Aeschynanthus, Achimenes, Episcia, and Nematanthus. Gesneriads are dazzlingly varied in size, form and color. They range in size from the diminutive and everblooming Sinningia pusilla from Brazil, scarcely two inches tall, to the giant cyrtandras of the Pacific Islands, small trees in their own right. They may be terrestrial (grow on the ground) or epiphytic (grow on other plants); evergreen or deciduous; annuals or pe- rennials; stoloniferous, fibrous-, rhizomatous-, or tuberous-rooted; herbaceous or woody; vines, shrubs or trees! The colors of their flowers range the rainbow. Some gesneriads flower almost continuosly: many of the African violets, some episcias and kohlerias, and, in particular, two small plants with big futures in the home — Streptocarpus saxorum (recently touted in the trade as the dauphin violet), and Sinningia pusilla (unusual in this respect because of its tuberous-root system which ordinarily implies a dormancy require- ment). With careful selection, a year-round display of gesneriads in flower is an attainable goal. As with so many other cultivated groups of plants, a knowledge of the natural setting of ges- neriads is the key to understanding their cultural re- quirements and growing them successfully in the home. Most gesneriads are from the tropics and gen- erally grow as epiphytes or in rocky, mountainous re- gions. Consequently, moderate temperatures (60°- 80°F), good light (12 hours or more a day under fluorescent lights), ample water, and a well-drained soil (one-third to one-half of which consists of good drainage material like sand, osmunda, perlite, or vermiculite) are all important prerequisites to suc- cessful culture. A more precise knowledge of a par- ticular plant’s background will improve chances of success, especially with the more challenging species. The tremendous success of gesneriads in recent years has been practically predetermined by a fortu- itous combination of characteristics: a frequently everblooming nature, an extraordinary adaptability to home climates, and an engaging ability to be readily propagated. Because of the myriad species, cultivars, and unnamed variants of gesneriads which are read- ily available from friends, relatives, local commercial growers, and nationally famous firms, it is almost im- possible for a discriminating beginner to begin always at the beginning: with a careful selection of attractive, 6 interesting, and reliable sorts. The following sugges- tions are presented therefore as a help toward cutting through the confusion of innumerable choices and providing some diversity to a collection of this beauti- ful and fascinating family of flowering plants. African violets (Saintpaulia) come in three basic types: miniatures, rosettes, and trailers, with some barely perceptible gradations between them. Ro- settes continue to be the most widely grown although miniatures are becoming more popular each year. One can hardly go wrong by choosing among the Ballet or Rnhapsodie hybrids which have been bred for durability, greater tolerance of neglect, floriferous- ness, and long-lasting flowers. Many of these and other good hybrids are listed on the Honor Roll of African Violets, published regularly in the African Vio- let Magazine. To be included on this prestigious list, a cultivar has to have been a favorite in African violet circles for at least five years, so one can depend on it to be great! Another group of hybrids which appears promising for home culture is the Optimara series, each member of which will be named after one of the United States. Thus far, Missouri and Illinois have not been so honored. Most hybrids today are the result of crossing two, three, or four of some two dozen natural species which grow wild in the mountainous regions of eastern Africa. The more dedicated devotees of this genus will delight in growing some of the true species. Among those with considerable natural charm and relatively easy growing requirements are Saintpaulia intermedia, a blue-flowered, prostrate grower, S. jonantha, one of the principal sires of many African violet hybrids, S. magungensis, a purple- flowered trailer, and S. orbicularis, a lilac-flowered, multi-crowned plant. Second only to African violets in popularity African violets (Saintpaulia). ne American Home among the gesneriads are the sinningias. Interest- ingly, it is not the large and showy members of this group (the florist gloxinias, the slipper gloxinias, and their variants), Known for more than a century, but some of the miniature species and their hybrids, de- veloped within the last two decades, which are catch- ing on as successful house plants. Most of the success of the miniature sinningias centers around the everblooming quality and ease of culture of Sinningia pusilla, a little native of a big country—Brazil. Crosses involving this little lilac- flowered species and three other Brazilian sinningias have produced a number of miniature, everblooming, and self-sowing plants ideally suited for the terrarium. Among the best are the species, Sinningia pusilla, and the following hybrids: ‘Bright Eyes’, ‘Cindy-ella’, ‘Dollbaby’, ‘Hircon’, ‘White Sprite’, and ‘Wood Nymph’. A number of these and other miniature ges- neriads may be regularly seen on display in the small terrarium near the eastern entrance of the aquatunnel on the Climatron’s lower level. The Cape primrose (Streptocarpus), a more robust relative of the African violet, is botanically di- vided into two groups, one of which is composed primarily of unusual, one-leaved plants, many of which, like century plants, die after flowering and fruit- ing once. From this group, the large and colorful Wiesmoor hybrids have been developed. The other major group of Cape primroses consists of plants with more normal growth habits, including one of the most versatile of all gesneriads, Streptocarpus saxorum. With a fine growth habit, pleasing velvety texture, delicately formed flowers, and a tolerant nature, this plant should be in any beginner's collection of ges- neriads. Because of its increasing popularity, this plant has picked up the fanciful, if unfortunate, com- mon name of dauphin violet (African violets, Cape primroses, and all of their gesneriad relatives are not at all related to the violet or primrose families, their nearest relatives being the figwort family, including such favorites as the beard-tongues, foxgloves, and snapdragons). As ways are found to breed more heat tolerance into the Cape primroses, we will surely be hearing more about more of them in the future. The newer ‘Nymph’ and ‘Cape Primrose’ hybrid series are a big step in this direction. After African violets, perhaps the most rewarding gesneriads for beginners to grow without the benefit of fluorescent light are those epiphytic sorts which make spectacular pot or hanging basket plants — the columneas (Co/umnea). Many of the newer hybrids are everblooming, and among the best for indoor cul- ture are: ‘Bonfire’, a vigorous, semi-trailing plant with yellow and crimson flowers; ‘Chanticleer’, a compact, shrubby sort with light orange flowers and a lot of tolerance as a house plant; ‘Early Bird’, another com- pact grower with small leaves and large, upright, Sinningia pusilla from Brazil, diminutive and everblooming. orange flowers; ‘Gold Finch’, a trailer with small leaves and large yellow flowers; and ‘Mary Ann’, a compact trailer with deep pink flowers. For the more adventurous, two Cornell hybrids which make fine hanging basket plants are Co/lumnea ‘Cayugan’, with large red flowers, and C. ‘Ithacan’, with orange-red flowers. Other epiphytic gesneriads which hold great promise for the future as house plants belong to the genera Aeschynanthus and Nematanthus. Many of these gesneriad gems should be avail- able in local garden centers or can be ordered through specialty firms advertising in plant magazines, particularly the African Violet Magazine or The Gloxinian. A comprehensive list of commercial firms interested in gesneriads may be found in the November, 1977 issue of African Violet Magazine. For those interested in learning more about this fascinating family of plants, there are a number of good references readily available in most book stores. Among the best are: Virginie and George EI- bert’s The Miracle Houseplants—the Gesneriad Family, published by Crown in 1976 and Helen Van Pelt Wilson’s African-Violet Book, published by Hawthorn in 1970. Excellent booklets on the subject are also published by the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society (How to Know and Grow Ges- neriads) and the Brooklyn Botanical Garden (African Violets and Their Relatives). The most pleasurable way to become ac- quainted with gesneriads is to visit a flower show featuring them. Such an opportunity will be at hand later this month when the Metropolitan St. Louis Afri- can Violet Society stages its Silver Jubilee Show in the Garden’s John S. Lehmann Building on February 24 and 25. Come and get hooked on gesneriads! —Charles A. Huckins Chairman, Indoor Horticulture t T. B. Croat Authors Flora Of Barro RS Colorado @ FERN Island & x fy A Thomas B. Croat Thomas B. Croat, the Garden’s Paul A. Schulze Curator of Botany, is the author of a book, Flora of Barro Colorado Island, soon to be published by Stan- ford University Press. The book draws on 10 years of fieldwork and research and is perhaps the most com- prehensive taxonomic treatment of tropical flora ever published. Barro Colorado lies in the Panama Canal Zone and is only six square miles in size. Its importance lies in the fact that it supports more than 1,350 species of higher plants, a total which approaches that of the British Isles. The island was set aside as a preserve in 1923 and is currently supervised by the Smithso- nian Tropical Research Institute. The area will con- tinue to be important to biologists and ecologists since it is one of the few remaining tropical areas with relatively undisturbed natural populations. The book is illustrated with nearly 600 halftone photographs taken by the author in the field. A unique feature is a key to sterile woody plants which will enable scientists to make surveys of the forest at any time of the year. The introduction includes a history of the Canal Zone, the island and botanical collection, maps and an analysis of the island’s climate, geology, soils, vegetation types and habitats. This project has been a collaborative effort in conjunction with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Garden. Tower Grove House Reopens Sparkling with new paint and wallpaper, Tower Grove House is open again for public visitation. Dur- ing the winter months, a new menu is being offered in the tearoom. Choose from spinach quiche, chicken divan or lasagna served with a tossed salad, hot roll, pastries and beverage for $4.50. Call for reservations in advance, 773-9000. Tower Grove House winter hours are 10 a.m. until 4 p.m. daily. 8 Things For Spring spring Garden Workshop The Spring Garden Workshop, March 3-4, will have more features than ever before. Whether your interest is plant propagation, soil testing, fruits and vegetables, pruning roses, container gardening or solar greenhouses, the latest information will be available. In addition, the Answermen will answer your special questions. Tours of the research seg- ment of the John S. Lehmann Building and Japanese Garden will be offered both days. Don’t miss it! spring Show Exciting details for the annual Spring Show will be announced in the March Bulletin. Circle the dates on your calendar: March 17-April 15. The theme of this year’s show will be Victorian and will focus on the 75th anniversary of the 1904 World's Fair. Spring Lecture Series The Members’ Spring Lecture Series will begin February 28 with a demonstration of Ikebana, the art of Japanese flower arranging. Florence Morris of the Ikebana Society will be the speaker. This series will provide an opportunity to learn from local amateur horticultural experts in areas of specific interest. Rep- resentatives from the St. Louis Herb Society, Rose Society, Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis, Saintpaulia Society, Henry Shaw Cactus Society, Greater St. Louis Dahlia Society and Men’s Garden Clubs of America are scheduled to speak. The lectures will be presented on Wednesday, February 28 through April 18, at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m., in the John S. Lehmann Building auditorium. New Year Of Trees Exhibit A new exhibit and self-guiding tour of plants will be featured in the Mediterranean House from January 27 to February 18. Plants on display are native to the Holy Land and have particular significance to the Jewish holiday, New Year of Trees. The holiday, Tu Bi-Shevat, will be honored by the exhibit of those plants cited in the Psalms, which have special meaning for this occasion. Included in the three-week exhibit are carob, cypress, date palm, fig, grape, olive and pomegranate. These and other Bibli- cal plants will be identified and accompanied by scrip- tures and other pertinent information. Other Biblical references and a map depicting the Holy Land in Biblical times will be on display. The exhibit will be open daily from 9 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Camellia Season In Linnaean House Camellias in bloom, a February feature in the Linnaean House, open to the public from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. Plant Shop Specials Featured In February February will be highlighted by special offerings from the Plant Shop. Anthurium scherzerianum, commonly called flamingo flower, will be the “special” for Valentine’s Day. Especially appropriate for the oc- casion, the plant has red heart-shaped flower bracts which endure for as long as a month. The plant adapts well to home conditions and rarely reaches a height of more than 12 inches. Camellias in flower in the Linnaean House chase away the winter blues. Plants in bud and bloom may also be purchased in the Plant Shop all month. Many orchids will be available for sale in conjunc- tion with the orchid show in the Climatron. An array of flower types and colors will be offered—all plants in bud or bloom. Come to the Plant Shop to see the spectacle of blooms. The Shop is open daily from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Angraecum sesquipedale, an orchid variety. Featured among February specials in the Plant Shop will be orchids, flamingo flowers and camellias. 9 Gardening in St. Louis Seed catalogs may be dog-eared by now, but will have provided some pleasurable hours of garden planning. If seeds haven't been ordered, complete selections and send in your order. Cool weather crops, depending upon the weather, should go in soon, so it is best to have the seeds on hand. While making your seed selections, don’t miss the new award-winning vegetables and flowers for 1979. Many new disease-resistant varieties are being offered as well. Just to mention a few: ‘Sugar Snap’, a new snap pea which has large peas and edible pods; ‘Apple Squash’, a round, green squash to be eaten raw or cooked; ‘Quicksilver’, a white sweet corn much like ‘Silver Queen’ but maturing 10 days earlier; ‘Dutch Treat’, a new pepper which develops fruits in clusters on top of the compact plant with pointed ends sticking up — red at maturity. There are many new flower winners. Several marigolds — one is ‘Queen Sophia’, a dwarf variety in orange suffused with bronze. There is a new class of coleus called Wizard — multi-branching habit which doesn’t require pinch- ing. Zinnias have several new additions. These are just a few of the many ’79 winners. Check them out in your seed catalogs. Forcing Branches If branches weren't forced last month, this is a good time to try. Pick apples, flowering quince, pussy willows and forsythia. All force well. Select specimens that need some pruning or shaping. Pick several branches, bring in the house and immerse in warm water for half an hour. Remove from the water and make a two- to three-inch slit at the base of the stem. Place in a container in an area where the temperature is around 65°. When color begins to show, arrange attractively and place in good light. Some of these branches will root and can be potted. Keep inside in a cool place until cuttings can be planted outside. You can also make cuttings of other trees and shrubs at this time. Bottom heat will aid rooting. After four to six weeks, rooted cuttings can be placed outside in a hotbed or cold frame until planting time. Seed Geraniums If geranium seeds are planted now, flowering plants will be produced by the end of May. Plant seeds and keep moist in an area where the tempera- ture is about 70°. Germination will take place in 10 days to two weeks. The seedlings should be given good light. Seed geraniums now come in a wide range of colors, bloom freely all summer and are often superior to the older varieties grown from cut- tings. If you haven't tried them, do so. Greenhouse Care Watch daytime temperature as it can soar even on the coldest days when the sun shines. Keep checking for pests and diseases and treat as re- quired. Potbound plants should be repotted, selecting 10 a container at least two sizes larger. Seeds can be Started in the greenhouse as well. Use sterile medium for seeds and seedlings. Watch for damping off, a fungus disease. Apply a fungicide and remove in- fected seedlings. This disease can be quite detrimen- tal. Seedlings should be transplanted as soon as the second or third pair of leaves appear. House Plants Watch watering on house plants and increase as days grow longer. Feed flowering plants and foliage plants as new growth begins to appear. Bulbs should now be ready for forcing if that hasn’t been ac- complished earlier. Daffodils and tulips will provide bright spots of color and serve as a pleasant reminder that spring isn’t too far away. Outside It is too early to remove mulches even though mild days may appear. Check plants for heaving due to frost and firm back into the soil if this occurs. Some early cool vegetable crops can go in if weather per- mits — peas, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and spinach. Areas by streets and sidewalks where salt has been used should be heavily watered during mild days to carry away excess salt to prevent burning. Be certain to plan to attend the Spring Garden Workshop March 3-4 for all the latest gardening in- formation. — Barbara B. Pesch Calendar Of Events New Year of Trees Self-guiding tour Mediterranean House 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m., daily Orchid Show Climatron 10a.m.-4:30 p.m., daily Continuing through Feb. 18 Feb. 3-Mar. 11 Feb. Camellias blooming in the Linnaean House 9 a.m.-5 p.m., daily Feb. 24, 25 African Violet Show, “Silver Jubilee” 25th Annual Show presented by Metropolitan St. Louis African Violet Society John S. Lehmann Building Feb. 24 2-5 p.m. 25 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Mar. 3-4 Spring Garden Workshop John S. Lehmann Building Education wing Solar Greenhousing . . . (Continued from Page 3) supplemental heating and cooling units, without the high cost of fossil fuel. But for these same reasons it demands more thought, design work, labor and care. Ken returned from New Mexico with a 50-page participant’s packet, a copy of The Food and Heat Producing Solar Greenhouse, by Rick Fisher and Bill Yanda (1976), several rolls of film and plenty of ideas for the first Solar Greenhouse Workshop, which materialized on December 9, with a well-attended public meeting. The following weekend a solar unit was attached to the house on Garden Street, much the same way as barns used to be raised, with everyone pitching in. The total cost was less than $5/sq. foot. Although the structure isn’t operating as yet, it can be inspected throughout the first year of use, by prior arrangement with the owners, Lois and Doug Pierson (968-4562). Future workshops are planned. —Karla Patterson Education Department New Solar Energy Workshop Do you like fresh vegetables? Are you interested in utilizing the sun’s energy more efficiently to lower your heating costs? Would you like to know exactly what's involved in building and maintaining your own solar unit? Then you might like to enroll in the “Solar Greenhouses” course at the Garden this spring. Ken Peck and Art Pederson will be teaching two evening workshops on February 27 and March 6, covering concepts, design, construction and use of solar greenhouses. On Saturday, March 10, the class will construct a solar unit. Look for the announcement of this course in the spring brochure, and make the sun a practical part of your life today. Public Service ... (Continued from Page 2) perience which is enjoyed and appreciated by an ever increasing and wide ranging audience. The addition of our electric trams, of many new water features, including waterfalls and exciting fountains, great im- provements in the quality of design and maintenance in our expanded horticultural features have all com- bined to make the Garden more than ever before an enjoyable, comfortable, rewarding and fun place to visit. In short, | think all of the elements and dimen- sions of the institutional programs which we have dis- cussed today have developed and are continuing to evolve out of a very keen desire that the fundamental business of this institution be service to the public. — David Goudy Director of Public Services MEMBERSHIP — DECEMBER 1978 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’ C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr/Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Howard E. Ridgeway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — DECEMBER 1978 SUSTAINING Dr./Mrs. Richard J. Parmley Mrs. John Ruhoff Mr./Mrs. Louis |. Zorensky Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Zorensky CONTRIBUTING Mr. Donald H. Bergmann Mr. Gary R. Brinkman Mrs. Helen A. Hood Industrial Eng. Equip. Co. Mr./Mrs. William C. Martinez Mr./Mrs. W. E. Reed Dr./Mrs. George R. Schoedinger III Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte Mr./Mrs. H. P. Smith Mr./Mrs. James A. Singer Mr./Mrs. James C. Walsh Dr. E. A. Westrup NEW MEMBERSHIPS — DECEMBER 1978 CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Edw. A. Grossmann REGULAR Ms. Debi Adams Ms. Rita A. Alexander Miss J. P. Atha Ms. Virgie M. Barnhart Mr./Mrs. Hugo T. Bauer Mr./Mrs. Charles Baum Mr. William T. Bebermeyer Mr./Mrs. Raymond P. Beckman Mrs. Joan V. Bement Dr./Mrs. Ronald C. Bilchik Mr./Mrs. Dennis R. Brunner Mr./Mrs. William H. T. Bush Mr./Mrs. James A. Butler Mr./Mrs. Keith S. Campbell Mr./Mrs. Joe Charleville Mr./Mrs. Jack Circle Ms. Virginia Coates Ms. Joan Collett Mr. Russell A. Court Mr./Mrs. William G. Coyne Ms. Mariah Lucille Cummings Mr./Mrs. James Delfosse Mr./Mrs. Jule Dieckman Mr./Mrs. Barry Dillan Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Evers Rev./Mrs. Berlyn V. Farris Mrs. D. J. Farthing Mr./Mrs. S. R. Feiner Mr./Mrs. Theo. W. Fivian, Sr. Mrs. Barbara V. Fletcher Mrs. James G. Forsyth Mr./Mrs. Glenn H. Freiner Mr./Mrs. J. Gibson Mr./Mrs. John V. Gilb Mr./Mrs. Armin F. Hanpeter Mr./Mrs. L. Hendrix Mr./Mrs. William P. Hunter Mr./Mrs. Roy E. Jacobs Mr./Mrs. Lester Jensen Mr./Mrs. Roy Jungmeyer Mr./Mrs. Edward F. Kelsick Mr./Mrs. Gene Kiernan Mr./Mrs. Michael Klaski Mr. Arthur H. Koehrer Mrs. E. Koenman Mr./Mrs. Ralph Kraus Mr. James S. Kulevich Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Kupferer Mrs. Doris Lances Ms. Marilyn Landrum Mr./Mrs. S. Langbein Mr./Mrs. Seth Langton Mr./Mrs. K. Littlefield Mr./Mrs. David Lockwood Mr./Mrs. Carl W. Lynch Mr./Mrs. Daniel S. Maher Mr. Robert H. Martin Mr./Mrs. William McCollum Mr./Mrs. Kenneth McGann Mr./Mrs. Warren D. McGowan Mr./Mrs. Russell W. Meredith, Jr. Dr. V. E. Michael Mr. Ronald R. Michel Mr./Mrs. Edwin L. Mills Miss Elizabeth Mueller Mrs. Marie M. Mull Mrs. H. T. Niedergerke Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Paul Mrs. Dorothy A. Pagel Ms. Nancy Pecha Dr./Mrs. G. T. Perkoff Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Pierce Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis 11 Miss Petty Ping Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Reay Mr./Mrs. Bruce G. Robert Mr./Mrs. John A. Rolls Mr./Mrs. Marvin E. Rooney Mr./Mrs. F. Paul Rudolph Ms. Linda Salisbury Mr. David F. Sandel Mr./Mrs. Lindbergh S. Sata Mr./Mrs. Lawrence D. Shepherd Ms. Kathy Schoenle Ms. Patricia Schulz Mr. Hal D. Simpkin Mr./Mrs. Griffith M. Smith Mrs. Carol Stein Mr./Mrs. C. R. Stein, III Mrs. Judith L. Stone Mr./Mrs. L. James Struif Mr./Mrs. John Thro Miss Jackie Treybal Mr./Mrs. Ralph J. Wahoski Mr./Mrs. Ronald A. Ward Mr. Dana B. Watts Mr./Mrs. Frederick J. Weber Mr./Mrs. Paul Weber Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Will Ms. Marie Winkle Miss Kathryn Winters DECEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Allhoff’s 50th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Wilfred Kleypas In Honor of Amy’s Engagement Margie Berg In Honor of The Lily of the Valley Ann C. Lockhart In Honor of Mr. Clarence Mange’s Special Birthday Rose and Meyer Levy In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Julian G. Samuels 65th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Lester Ackerman Mrs. Lula Cambron Susan, Alan, David, and Elizabeth Dranitzke Mr./Mrs. Herbert Frank Mrs. Morris W. Glaser Mr./Mrs. Edward Greensfelder Mrs. Edwin Levis Bill and Kandy Lewis Louise Loeb Mrs. Alfred Luehrmann Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Eddie and Bob Rosenheim Mr./Mrs. Edward R. Samuels Mr./Mrs. Julian G. Samuels, Jr. Mrs. John Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. A. Ernest Stein Mrs. Harry Tenenbaum Richard E. Turner Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. Ralph B. Wolff In Honor of Mrs. Eli Strassner’s Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Pollak The Theodore Slein Family In Honor of Mrs. William Schield’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Herbert Frank Lenore and Ralph Wolff In Memory of Mr. Wyllys K. Bliss Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Mrs. Robert Crawford's Father Mrs. Robert E. Bregant In Memory of Mrs. R. Brooke Daly Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin Officers & Directors, The Boatmen’s National Bank of St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. M. B. Dwyer Mr./Mrs. Herbert |. Finch, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Rubie M. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. Officers & Directors, The Boatmen's National Bank of St. Louis In Memory of Miriam Feldman Phyllis Heyssel In Memory of Dr. Oliver Grawe Mrs. Sarah C. Grawe In Memory of Mrs. George C. Hannaway Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. Officers & Directors, The Boatmen’'s National Bank of St. Louis In Memory of Mr. Walter Harland Belle Coeur Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. George Hasegawa Dr./Mrs. Alfred Sudholt Mary Francis Sudholt In Memory of Mrs. Grace Kohl Employees of Mobil Exploration & Producing Services, Inc. In Memory of Mrs. Martin Lammert, Ill Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Alt Mrs. Newell A. Augur Mary Augustine Mary E. Baer The Alexander Bakewells Mary Elizabeth Bascom Mrs. William S. Bedal Mr./Mrs. George C. Bitting Mrs. Kenneth H. Bitting Mr./Mrs. William A. Borders Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Elzey Burkham Mr./Mrs. John G. Burton Mrs. David R. Calhoun Dr. B. H. Charles, Ill Mr./Mrs. F. Crunden Cole Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Harold S. Cook Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver, Jr. Mrs. E. R. Culver Dr. Harold Cutler Mr./Mrs. Donald Danforth, Jr. Mrs. Joseph Desloge Mr./Mrs. John O. Dozier A. A. Eason, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Leicester B. Faust Mr./Mrs. Tom A. Finch Elsie W. Fink Mr./Mrs. William A. Frank The Garden Club of St. Louis Martha B. Hadley A. William Hager Gertrude A. Hardie Edward Haverstick Greater St. Louis Hemerocallis Society Mr./Mrs. Frederick Hermann, Jr. Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. B. A. Hoffmann, Jr. Stella B. Houghton Mr./Mrs. James L. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Harold Jolley, Jr. Edwin S. Jones Mrs. Meredith C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John F. Krey, II Lammert Furniture Company Employees Mrs. Warren B. Lammert Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy Sarah F. Leonard Edith S. Mason Mrs. Carroll S. Mastin Mr./Mrs. J. H. McConnell Mrs. Glenroy McDonald Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell Mr./Mrs. W. B. McMillan, Jr. Mercantile Trust Company, Officers & Directors Eleanor Moore Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore Thomas M. Moore Mrs. Edward B. Mower, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Bernard Pape William G. Pettus, Jr. Mrs. Patricia Rickhoff Mr./Mrs. Paul D. Rogers Mrs. E. E. Rothschild St. Louis Herb Society Althea and Carl Schumacher Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr. Arthur B. Shepley, Jr. Berkeley C. Sloan Mr./Mrs. H. Parker Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mr./Mrs. Whitelaw Terry Thomasville Furniture Industries, Inc. Pollie P- Thompson Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. White, IV Mr./Mrs. Neal S. Wood Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher In Memory of Sears Lehmann, Jr. Mrs. John R. Averill Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis In Memory of Lela Merrell Ruth M. Blomberg In Memory of Mrs. E. R. Meyer Mr./Mrs. J. D. MacCarthy In Memory of Mr. John W. Minton Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Wilfred H. Preuss Mr./Mrs. F. B. Zienty In Memory of Miriam Robinson Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Memory of Mr. Norman Schaumburg Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Mrs. William W. Schweekert Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan In Memory of Mrs. Richard B. Snyder Mr./Mrs. William T. Dooley, Jr. Ladue Garden Club In Memory of Alphonse C. Thomas Peter H. Raven In Memory of Mr. William B. Weakley Marjorie and Charles Tooker In Memory of Mrs. Joseph W. White Ladue Garden Club In Memory of Lawrence B. Woelfel James L. Sloss, Jr. and Family In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Yukinobu Yamamato Harusame Club St. Louis Japanese American Citizen League Camera Club MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Sure 'n begorrah, there’s wee folk about! See Page 6. spring Show To Bloom Under Canvas The Garden’s annual Spring Flower Show, a month-long extravaganza of color and floral display, will be held under canvas this year, inside a large tent erected on the Garden grounds near the Climatron. The show will take its theme from the Garden's Victo- rian, turn-of-the-century heritage. The show's display elements will feature an end- less variety of colors, flower types and fragrances — in essence, the nature of spring at its best. On display will be flowering shrubs, azaleas, lilies, bulbs galore, stock to scent the air, annuals for color, daisies, hydrangeas. The show will open for members with the Spring Flower Show Preview, to be held from 5 to 7:30 p.m. Friday, March 16. It will open to the public on Satur- Ft 4 af a HAA) , fj Ny L» eo er —— a Seee, & ie . or re ee a ee i , ss \ y ae ( ° | 4 = i : day, March 17, and will continue through Sunday, April 15. Several “special” events, planned to reflect the theme of nostalgia, have been scheduled during the period of the Spring Flower Show, including a Wine & Cheese Party on Saturday, March 24; a Family Picnic Day on Sunday, April 1; and an outdoor Jazz Concert on Sunday, April 8. Highlights of these “special” days will include candlelight tours of Tower Grove House, carriage rides, hostesses in Victorian costume, refreshments and a variety of live music programs. The Spring Flower Show will be open to the pub- lic from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. during March, and from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. during April. The Spring Flower Show, themed to the turn-of-the-century, will open March 17 under canvas — a massive tent erected on the Garden grounds near the Climatron. The Show continues through April 15. Volume LXVII Number 3 March 1979 The Garden: A Public Service Resource During the process of setting priorities and goals, the Public Services Division of the Gar- den, headed by David Goudy, prepared apresentation for the Board of Trustees. Because so much of this information is relevant to Garden members, excerpts from the presentation will be printed in this and future issues of the Bulletin. Public Relations Department Public Relations at the Garden focuses on the people who visit the Garden. It is our function to find out who it is that patronizes the Garden, what they think the Garden is, and what they expect from it. Then, we must assist internally and externally to shape the Garden to meet those needs. We want our visitors to Know we care about them. Since late last summer, we have been surveying our Garden guests to shape a profile of our present audience. We need to know more about them. It is through them that the Garden is supported; as a re- sult of their support the Garden will continue to grow. We discovered during August, 1978, that 80% of our visitors are coming to the Garden for the first time; that 57% of our visitors were from out of state; that 91% were not members and that the majority (54%) were 25-40 years old. Public Relations recognizes, however, yet a larger potential audience of people who are not aware of the Garden. We believe that this greater audience should benefit from our resources as well. We are responding in many ways to this broader need. Our intention is to listen to and serve both these publics — the community at large as well as our visitors. With the desire to better serve, we recognize the need internally to translate or interpret our visitors’ desires. We work directly with other departments in program development to better address visitor needs. For example, we are currently monitoring people who are taking courses in our education department to assist that department in planning programs in which the public is interested. As a second example, we have been bringing local representatives of hand- icapped organizations to evaluate the Garden’s ac- cessibility to the handicapped and to consult with them on plans for our new building. We realize we must be prepared to offer hospitality to all people. Our audiences are responding. Gate attendance generated $500,000 this past year. Membership has tripled in the last seven years. The Garden is continu- ing to grow and develop even though inflation con- tinues to squeeze recreational dollars and competi- tion for those dollars is on the sharp increase. We are convinced that as we reach out to our audience, the Garden has an experience to offer which will be meaningful for them. — Susan Flowers Manager of Public Relations A&E Fund Drive Launched Toward $1.9 Million Goal The Annual St. Louis Arts and Education Fund Drive was launched on February 20 with an ambitious goal — $1,900,000. The Garden is one of 12 fund members who derive direct financial support from the fund. Richard J. Mahoney, Jr., executive vice presi- dent, Monsanto Company, is this year’s campaign chairman. This is the third and last year of the National Endowment for the Arts Challenge grant. One dollar will be contributed for each three donated locally. The National Endowment for the Arts was estab- lished because “The Best Things in Life Aren't Free.” St. Louis is one of about 30 metropolitan areas in the nation which have adopted a unified concept of generating private support for community cultural ac- tivities. The annual Arts and Education Fund Cam- paign is conducted throughout Metropolitan St. Louis by the Arts and Education Council, a federation of 118 cultural and educational organizations that was formed in 1963. Give to the Arts and Education fund ... a fund for the whole community and all its people. Beaumont Foundation Gift A $100,000 gift from the final distribution of the Louis D. Beaumont Foundation has been designated for the Members’ Project in the Garden's planned Education/Visitor Orientation Center. Members of the Garden have conducted a fund raising campaign to pay the cost of the Workroom, which will be located in the new facility. With the Beaumont Foundation gift Members have raised about $140,000, slightly more than the goal for the project of $135,000. The Louis D. Beaumont Foundation, which ceased operations in 1978, was named after one of the co-founders of the May Department Stores. David May, another May Stores founder and grandfather of Morton D. May of St. Louis, was married to Louis Beaumont'’s sister. Morton D. May served as presi- dent of the Foundation until it was dissolved in 1978. The Workroom will be named the Louis D. Beaumont Room. A wall graphic for the Workroom will be created with the signatures of Members who donated to the project and will be presented to the Garden by the Members’ Executive Board later this year. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign The Museum Building, which dates to the ] time of Henry Shaw, soon will house the Garden’s new restaurant, “The Greenery”. The new restaurant will offer Garden visitors lunches and snacks seven days a week, featuring sandwiches, salads and hot and coddiki — Garden Receives Restoration Grants The Garden has been awarded three new grants for restoration of historic structures. State Senator John C. Scott and State Representative Russell E. Egan have announced that the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, through its Office of Historic Preservation, has committed $65,000 in matching funds for work on the Museum Building and on the 1909 addition to the Shaw Town House. Mayor James Conway announced that the Community Development Agency has awarded $99,000 to help match these grants as well as last year’s Historic Preservation grant for the Linnaean House. The highest priority in restoration of both the Museum Building and the Town House addition will be given to exterior brick and stone work and to the roof and eaves. These grants also will make possible the rehabilitation of the electrical systems in the Town House addition, which is extremely important since much of the wiring is old and the heat and cooling systems are inefficient and expensive to operate. Watch for the news! The Garden Gate Shop buyers are off to the gift shows in both New York and Dallas this year. Many new items will be offered so watch for the announcements next month. x 7S 4 wi ‘ : ‘= S, .! A i . x as “ es | Sait B5 . iv \ \ at \& ’ ‘A \ SS a | 7 \ \ ¥ ; ‘ \\ oye — : NN as Ue Dr. Gentry To Study Tropical Species Diversity Why are there so many more species of plants and animals in the tropics than in other parts of the world and why are the American tropics so much richer than other tropical areas? A $9,000 grant from the National Geographic Society will help Garden staff member Dr. Alwyn Gen- try test one theory which has been put forth to explain the fact of high tropical species diversity. The theory of Pleistocene forest refugia holds that during glacier- induced dry periods, the tropical wet forests were broken into isolated moist patches (refugia) around the edges of the Amazonian basin. During interglacial wet periods, such as we are in now, the theory holds, these patches spread out again forming a continuous forest. As former patches coalesced into continuous forest, conditions were right for rapid evolution of both plants and animals. Several former refugia have been predicted, based mostly on correlations of high present rainfall and high species diversity of birds. It has also been predicted that these areas might be characterized by many less easily dispersed organisms, for example, seed plants. Dr. Gentry will analyze the floras of sev- eral proposed refugia and compare them with non- refugia in order to test this idea. The Herbarium: Lending A Hand To Science and Worldwide Research Much of the research activity at the Garden is centered in the herbarium. This collection of pressed and permanently mounted plants is used by the Gar- den’s own research staff, undergraduate and graduate students from St. Louis area universities and colleges, visiting scientists and students, and through loans by scientists and students throughout the United States and other countries. Each speci- men is unique, thus irreplaceable; each represents a particular plant from a particular location collected at a particular time. Furthermore, botanists will want to consult the specimens in the future, just as they have since 1545 when the first herbarium was founded in Padua, Italy. In order to assure the maintenance of these col- lections for both contemporary and future research, they are curated by the 30 members of the Garden's botany department. Aspects of this curation include assuring the availability of the specimens to botanists who make personal visits to the Garden, making needed repair of specimens, acquiring new material for addition to the collection, and mounting this newly acquired material. Much of the curatorial activity in the herbarium is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. However, making herbarium material available through loans is one of the most important aspects of curation of the collection. The maintenance of a her- barium collection can only be justified if these curato- rial activities are carried out to make it accessible to researchers. By borrowing material, a plant taxonomist can accumulate in one place a large amount of material from many institutions and have this material readily available for study and compari- son. Not only is the cost of consulting a large amount of material greatly reduced by borrowing, but the im- portant work of making comparative observations be- tween many specimens is facilitated greatly. During 1978, the Garden made 308 loans, total- ing 28,494 specimens, to other institutions in the United States and around the world. This is a sub- stantial increase from the 22,609 specimens loaned in 1977, and is an increase of nearly 10,000 speci- mens over the total of 18,517 which were loaned in 1976. The importance of the collection in the training of graduate students is reflected in the fact that more than one third of the specimens loaned last year were sent for student use. And the international importance of the collection is reflected in the fact that more than 25% of the specimens sent in 1978 were sent to foreign institutions. During 1978, 76,782 new specimens were added to the collection, about the same number that was added in 1977. While few comparative statistics are 4 Small sheep's sorrel. available from other herbaria, this number greatly ex- ceeds any of those reported for other major herbaria, both in the United States and overseas, in recent years. At the end of 1978, the official count of the herbarium was 2,657,177 specimens. However, it is estimated that the actual size is approximately three million specimens, since there are apparently about 300,000 specimens remaining in the collection which have never received an accession number: it was not until 1913 that accession numbers were stamped onto each specimen, and some of the early acquisitions have not yet been stamped. A routine stamping pro- gram is now underway, and all of the specimens in the collection should be stamped by about 1988. The table below is a numerical summary of some of the activities in the herbarium for the year 1978. Vascular Plants Bryophytes Loans sent, total specimens (shipments) 27,654 (295) 840 (13) to U.S. institutions 19,945 (198) 321 (9) to foreign institutions 7,709 (87) 519 (4) to students 10,354 (100) 84 (2) to professionals 17,300 (195) 756 (11) Specimens repaired 59,471 3,232 Mountings specimens newly mounted 76,782 6,605 specimens mounted when received, stamped 1,233 — Specimens newly inserted 78,015 6,605 Backlog of unmounted specimens (31 December) 31,640 580 Acquisitions received Staff collections Originals 16,690 1,458 duplicates, for exchange 62,250 4,300 purchases originals 6,835 3,330 duplicates, for exchange 7,519 288 exchanges 45,645 5,069 gifts 6,948 1,633 total acquisitions for addition to collection 76,118 11,490 Exchanges and gifts sent exchanges 31,225 134 gifts 8,035 612 Visitors, total 226 from U.S. 191 from abroad 35 The Arboretum: A Very Special Place The Arboretum is a special place, a year-round attraction. It includes an amazing variety of wildflower habitats and just when we think we've seen all it has to offer, up pops a new surprise. Many people know only its front doorway — the circular drive around Pinetum Lake. For those who will walk the trails be- yond in all seasons, this is only the beginning, albeit a lovely one. The abundance of summer brings whole fields of flowers — from daisies and black-eyed Susans to Queen Anne's lace and the milkweed family, colors ranging from pale pink to yellow to the brilliant orange-red of butterfly weed. These meadow flowers make a walk through Brush Creek Trail or other paths to the Trail House a constantly changing succession of color. Late summer and fall add the reds and yellows of autumn leaves, the patches of blazing star, goldenrod and aster and the bright accents of berries on dog- wood, bittersweet and wahoo. All this and persim- mons, too! Snow on the stately evergreens and hollies is a delight to the eye and spirit on crisp winter days. We rediscover the beauty of bare branches and buds get- ting ready for spring. The pale green of lichens and deeper green of mosses, often passed over in other seasons, now get the special attention they deserve. Of course, the time many Arboretum fans await is the spring week when the whole sweep of meadows around Pinetum Lake is a mass of daf- fodils. Everyone hopes to see them at that peak of Wordsworthian perfection so difficult to predict. But these seasonal productions are only a taste, glorious as they are, of what these beautiful acres have to offer. Walk slowly and look carefully to see the small and delicate treasures to be found along the miles of trails that wind through the area. They follow the upland ridges such as LAbbadie Trace, with its purple cone flowers and larkspur; down through Boulder Trail and Long Glade where there are bird’s foot violets, Indian paintbrush, the unusual leather flower and Missouri evening primrose, to name a few; to the River Trail along the Meramec. The rich bottomland is a special plant community of moisture-loving flowers such as bluebells and Miami mist. Shaded by the towering sycamores and cottonwoods, hillsides of spring flowers cover the bluffs that lead down to the river. Bloodroot, Dutch- man’s breeches and the beautiful yellow celandine poppy are among the many spring beauties seen here. For each of these displays, there seems to be a particular day better than all others, and lucky the hiker who hits the right one. Pinetum Lake at the Shaw Arboretum, a very special place. Spring wildflower walks will begin this year on March 20. Spring wildflower walks will begin on March 20 this year and will continue each Tuesday through April and May. The early days are not noted for flowers in large numbers but we see the early hepatica, har- binger of spring, and snow trillium which will be miss- ing on the later trips. These small early blossoms, few in number, are most welcome as the promise of things to come. For the uninitiated, the Arboretum is on the south side of Highway 44 at the Gray Summit exit across from “the Diamonds.” We meet at the gate and leave at 9:30 a.m. We carry our lunches with us, so a knap- sack is helpful. Also recommended are stout shoes or boots and comfortable hiking clothing, jacket or swea- ter for warmth and rain gear for periods of inclement weather. We return to the gate at 1:30 p.m. Our walks are not difficult but there are some hills to climb, and although we are on paths, there may be a few rough or muddy spots. We hope you will join my co-leader, Betty Nel- lums, our teacher, Art Christ, and me for one or all Tuesdays this spring. And we hope that you will find, in spite of days too cool, too warm, too wet or too buggy, one flower or view or glimpse of deer or a particularly beautiful tree that will make a memory for you to keep. We always do. — Nell Menke 5 “Erin Go Bragh’, Garden-style When it comes to finding leprechauns in the John S. Lehmann Building or wee folk by the dozen in the Plant Shop, leave it to John Dwyer and Debbie Colombo! With St. Patrick’s Day fast approaching, one would expect that the Garden would be fairly overrun by these magical creatures, scampering about the Climatron, dancing jigs by the lily pool or even hopping in and out of the lanterns in the Japanese Garden. But like most such scientific subjects at the Garden, investigation is required. Dwyer, himself a son of the auld sod, began his leprechaun search in the herbarium. “If there were a wee chance that one of the wee people could be found,” he reasoned, “there's really only one place to look — the compactor labelled fam- ily 128, the legumes, where the clovers are located.” Shamrocks, leprechauns’ lucky charms and a March special at the Plant Shop. Dwyer based this approach on the fact that the clover family includes a wee item known as the sham- rock; and the belief that where one finds a shamrock, one may find a leprechaun. Searching amid the com- pactor, Dwyer discovered a manila folder marked Trifolium, which contained no leprechauns but did in- clude an herbarium sheet dated more than a century ago and bearing clover leaves pressed and dried. The sheet bore 17 pressed leaves of Trifolium pratense, the ordinary Red Clover. The sheet had been part of the Garden's pur- chase in 1973 of the herbarium of Frank C. Seymour, with the aid of the Sunnen Foundation. Pasted on the sheet, beside the pressed leaves, are printed verses which celebrate the joy and magic of the clover. The verses apparently were clipped from a 19th Century magazine or newspaper, published in New England, and included “Origin of the Four-leaved Clover”, by Margaret R. Himes: 6 The queen of the fairies on a day Was busy making clover; And when her task was done, she found; She had one leaf left over. At first she knew not what to do, Indeed, was almost frightened - To waste a whole great clover-leaf! But suddenly she brightened. Then, calling her assistants, said: I find, in making clover, I must have somewhere counted wrong, Here is a leaf left over. So haste, and bring me quickly here A clover from the meadows; And I will tell it lovely tales Of sunshine without shadows; Of merry hearts and happy days, And hours of rarest pleasure; Of smiling faces, dancing feet, And raptures without measure; And then I will to it affix This leaf which is left over, Good luck shall always follow him Who finds a four-leaved clover. Mrs. Colombo, Plant Shop manager, ap- proached her leprechaun search from a different angle. Reasoning that where there are shamrocks, there the wee folks abide, she has stocked the Plant Shop with an abundant supply of Oxalis the sham- rock, in four-inch pots and hanging baskets. These plants will be featured in the Shop throughout March. “And it’s worked,” she said. “Since the sham- rocks arrived, we’ve seen hundreds of leprechauns here. In fact, part of the March ‘special’ includes a free leprechaun with each purchase. “They're there alright ... even if you can’t see them.” ; al J Utak, 5 Umea 4 Artist Mary Rose Wampler uses Garden library for research on four endangered species. Material was found to make detailed drawings of these rare plants possible. Herbs: History, Use And Culture This will be the 11th year the St. Louis Herb So- ciety will teach the basics of herbing in a course sponsored by the Garden’s education department. The two-day course will be held on succeeding Fri- days, April 20 and April 27, in the John S. Lehmann Building. The course, limited to 50, is open to any individual interested in learning as much as possible about herbs in two days of intensive study, guided by experienced herbers. The fee is $16 or $12 for Mem- bers of the Garden. Register early, because applica- tions will be taken on a first-come, first-served basis. Each participant is asked to bring a sack lunch each day, and to be prompt. Hours are 9:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Mary Clair Wenger, president of the St. Louis Herb Society, will welcome the group. Virginia Schreiber, who is both an honorary member of the society and the sole holder of its “compleat herber” award, will trace the fascinating history of herbs as they have benefited man from prehistoric times. Dr. Walter H. Lewis, professor of biology at Washington University, will explore in words and pic- tures the use and abuse of medicinal herbs. Dr. Lewis is co-author with his wife, Dr. Memory P. F. Elvin- Lewis, of the authoritative “Medical Botany.” The basics of herb cookery will be discussed by Betsy Andrews, who has assembled an interesting group of herb cooking hints and recipes for course participants to try at their leisure. Betsy Andrews says her interest in cooking with herbs began when she translated from the Latin a cook book published in 1475. The romantic and sentimental use of herbs in interpreting the “language of the flowers” will be dis- cussed and illustrated by Betty Carlin, who has com- piled an abbreviated guide to floral meanings for the course. Mary Edna Wenzel will demonstrate the mak- ing of a tussie-mussie, the traditional nosegay of herbs which can transmit wordlessly a message rang- ing from love to rejection. The cosmetic and housekeeping uses of herbs, so important in historic times, will be presented by Barbara O'Brien, who also will show how to make potpourri, following a recipe which every participant will receive. The second day’s session deals with the herb garden and with growing herbs. It will open with a talk and slide presentation on planning the small herb garden, given by Joyce Driemeyer, who designs herb and other gardens professionally. Companion plant- ing, herbal sprays and other natural forms of insect and pest control will be presented by Jeanne Mon- taldo. She practices what she preaches and has pre- pared herbal spray and other hints and recipes for course participants. The propagation and culture of herbs will be dis- cussed by Mary Holekamp, who will be assisted by Kerry Elgin. Slides will show step-by-step propaga- tion. There also will be practical demonstrations of potting in which course members will participate. This will yield a number of seedling plants for each member to take home, together with several herb plants propagated in the Garden greenhouses for the course. Course members will receive sheets of de- tailed cultural instructions for their guidance. The course is presented by the Herb Society's Education Committee. Its chairman, Mary Gamble, is being assisted by more than 20 society members. Howard F. Baer To Autograph ‘St. Louis To Me’ Howard F. Baer will autograph his new book, St. Louis to Me, from 2 to 4 p.m. Sunday, March 11, in the Garden Gate Shop. Mr. Baer is a member of the Gar- den’s Board of Trustees. Members who are unable to attend the autograph session may order the book by mail or telephone through the Gate Shop. The usual 10% discount will apply. Board Of Trustees Election Tom K. Smith, dr. The Garden Board of Trustees, at its January meeting, elected officers for the year. Tom K. Smith, Jr., who has headed the Board for the past four years, was reelected president. Mr. Smith is senior vice president of Monsanto Company. Other officers reelected at the January meeting are Robert R. Hermann, first vice president; Daniel L. Schlafly, second vice president; and Charles W. Orner, secretary. Mr. Hermann is president of Stan- dard Container Company; Mr. Schlafly is president and board chairman of Arkansas Beverage Com- pany; Mr. Orner is Garden assistant director. 5 Orchids as Houseplants ... Care and Selection Many misconceptions about the difficulty of grow- ing orchids have arisen through the years, primarily because the culture of orchids was thought possible only by those wealthy or interested enough to devote a great deal of space, time and energy to these fas- cinating plants. It is still true that many kinds of or- chids must be grown under exacting greenhouse conditions and that large numbers must be grown if one is concerned with having some in flower at par- ticular times during the year. Orchids generally flower only once, occasionally twice, each year, depending upon and varying with prevailing environmental conditions. However, if you are content to enjoy the blooms of a single plant for anywhere from two weeks to two months each year, depending upon the variety, you should consider the challenge of growing orchids in your home. A careful selection of the kinds listed below will enable you to enjoy flowering orchids in your home all year-round! In order to grow orchids successfully in your home, you must understand the basic cultural needs of the plants in terms of temperature, light, humidity, water, air and food. Orchids are classified horticulturally into three groups according to temperature requirements which reflect the general conditions prevailing in their natural habitats. Cool orchids are native to higher altitudes in the tropics or higher latitudes in the temp- erate zones. They require night temperatures of 50- 55°F and day temperatures of 60-65°F. Intermediate orchids require night temperatures of 60-65°F and day temperatures of 70-75°F. Warm orchids are na- tive to lowland tropical areas and require night tem- peratures of 65-70°F and day temperatures of 75- 80°F. Generally, a 10-15°F difference in night and day temperatures is necessary to bring orchid plants into bloom. Most orchids suitable for culture in today’s homes belong to the warm or intermediate groups. Orchids should receive as much light as they can without being sunburned (warning signs are leaves fading to yellow-white, turning brown, or developing scorched dark spots which dry out). In the home, a window facing south or east and which receives six hours of sun a day is best for growing orchids. In the summer, plants should be protected from the direct rays of the sun by a thin mesh curtain or by being placed outdoors under high shade. Artificial light pro- vided by fluorescent bulbs can be used as a supple- ment for many of the higher light-requiring orchids (e.g., cymbidiums) or as a sole source of light for many kinds which benefit from growing in a cool basement (e.g., green-leaved paphiopedilums, miltonias). Sufficient atmospheric moisture for most home- grown orchids can be provided by placing them on trays filled with gravel into which water has been ad- 8 Moth orchid, which blooms in sprays. ded. Always keep the tray partially filled with water but do not allow the plant pot to come in contact with the water in the tray. Plants also benefit from the in- creased humidity resulting from being grouped closely together or grown in an actively used bath- room, kitchen or laundry room. In warm weather, plants should also be misted. A general rule of thumb is to keep the relative humidity around your orchids about 10 percentage points lower than the air tem- perature (in degrees Fahrenheit). Home grown orchids which are epiphytic (i.e., grow on other plants) in nature (e.g., Cattleya, Epidendrum, Laelia, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis) should be watered thoroughly about once a week, being allowed to dry out somewhat between water- ings. The orchids which are terrestrial (i.e., grow on the ground) in nature (e.g., Paphiopedilum, some cymbidiums) should have their potting media kept evenly moist and should not be allowed to dry out completely. In general, orchids will benefit from more water during the sunnier, warmer months of the year when most are actively growing (April through September). Orchids require fresh air and should be given as much as possible without being exposed to strong or constant drafts of cold or hot, dry air. Adequate venti- lation is particularly important in the case of orchids grown in terrariums or Wardian cases. Orchids suited for home culture in the St. Louis area are best potted in fir bark and should be fertilized with a standard high nitrogen fertilizer twice a month from March through October and once a month from November through February. Generally, plants should be repotted every two years, after blooming or when new growth begins to appear. If you have had no experience in dividing and potting orchids, it would be best to refer to a standard book on orchid culture or consult a trained person. The Garden offers a short course on home or- chid culture every year. This year’s course will be given on April 21; you may register for it by calling the education department. Many orchids will be on view at the Garden dur- ing the Orchid Show, which continues through March 11. A trip to the Garden at this time may well start you on a longer orchid path! —Charles A. Huckins, Chairman Department of Indoor Horticulture Tower Grove House Is Ready For Spring Tower Grove House is ready for spring. Henry Shaw's study, which overlooks the herb garden, is now resplendent with new wallpaper — the paper and border pattern based on an appliqued patchwork design found in a 19th century quilt on display in Henry Ford Museum, Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan. The paper is the gift of Mrs. Arthur Hoskins of Santa Barbara, California, a former St. Louisan. The Historical Committee, in consultation with Mr. George R. Brooks, selected the paper. Luncheon is served at Tower Grove House on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Please call 773-9000 for advance reservations. 1979 Spring Lecture Series This series features representatives from local horticulture societies who will share their expertise. All lectures are scheduled for Wednesdays at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium. March 7 “Herb Trees and Herb Shrubs in the Landscape” Joyce K. Driemeyer St. Louis Herb Society March 14 “Growing Miniature Roses” Mary Hess 10:30 a.m. Gerhard Weber 8:00 p.m. Rose Society of Greater St. Louis “An Introduction to Orchids” Robert Nagel Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis “Violet Growers Are Not Magicians” Edd Stretch Smith Saintpaulia Society April 4 “Behold the Beauty Roundabout” Lillian Mackle Henry Shaw Cactus Society April 11 “The Dahlia, Everybody's Flower” Oliver Ruffing Rolla Zufall Greater St. Louis Dahlia Society March 21 March 28 “Boxwood Gardens” Jack Horner Boxwood Society of the Midwest April 18 Nora Stern, Woman Of Achievement } Nora Stern Nora Stern, president of the Garden’s Executive Board of Members, has been selected by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat as a Woman of Achievement for 1978. Honored for her contributions to Civic Beautification, Mrs. Walter G. Stern is familiar to Members and staff alike. The Garden’s sincere con- gratulations are offered for this well-deserved tribute. Nora became a member of the Executive Board of the Members in 1966 and has served two terms as its president, 1969-1972 and 1977-1979. She served as chairman of the 1976 Chrysanthemum Ball, which raised $33,000 for Garden development. In addition to the many roles that Nora plays at the Garden, she is a trustee of Mary Institute and has been active in support of the Museum of Science and Natural History and the Missouri Historical Society. The Garden joins the Globe-Democrat in salut- ing Nora as a 1978 woman of exceptional achieve- ment. In Memoriam: Claude Johnston Garden staff and members were saddened by the death of Claude Edward Johnston, January 5, 1979, at the age of 58. Mr. Johnston began his work at the Garden in May of 1945. Though his career here involved him in many areas, his primary concern was the growing of the plant materials to be used in the horticultural dis- plays. He also designed and installed some of the floral displays for the major shows — principally the Poinsettia shows of 1967 and 1977. Among his many accomplishments, Mr. Johnston was a photographer; many of his photo- graphs appeared in the Bulletin over the years. Mr. Johnston demonstrated a wealth of knowledge in his Capacity as floriculturist. He thrived on challenges in the greenhouse ranges — always willing to try some- thing new. His artistic sense always was apparent in the quality of the beautiful plants he produced. He is survived by a daughter, Gina Maria, 13; a son Anthony Charles, 11; and two brothers. He will be missed by all who worked with him and knew him as a devoted employee and friend. 2 Gardening in St. Louis per Re RP The days get longer and longer, a sure sign that spring is on the way. The weather can still give the gardener second thoughts, however. Though everyone is anxious to get started, remember that March can offer winterlike weather as well as a pro- mise of spring. Vegetable Garden When preparing the soil in the vegetable garden, add superphosphate at the rate of four to five pounds per thousand square feet; and three to four pounds of a balanced fertilizer such as 5-10-5 or 6-12-12 prior to planting. Work both in well. Early crops should go in as soon as the soil can be worked. Plant cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, spinach, onions and beets now, for harvest before late April. Interplanting of small, fast growing vegetables between rows of slower growing varieties makes best use of space. The faster growing varieties are har- vested, leaving space for the larger, later maturing vegetables to develop. The interplanting tends to shade the ground, keep weed growth down and help to retain moisture in the soil. Raised Beds Beds that are mounded or raised and framed provide better drainage and the soil tends to warm more quickly. Mix compost, sand and soil to build beds six inches higher than the surrounding area. The beds should be no more than four to five feet wide so that the gardener can work easily from both sides. Compacting of soil is eliminated since the gar- dener rarely steps in the beds. Pathways can be covered with straw or wood chips, making the garden accessible in wet weather. For gardeners who find themselves with little space for a vegetable garden, there are many new varieties that are compact and can be container grown. The container grown vegetables not only pro- vide produce but make an attractive addition to the garden scene. Winter Damage This has been another severe winter with a great deal of snow and ice. Though the snow provides a good mulch it also reflects light, warming the plant above the snow line, causing some damage. Wait until new growth begins to show and then prune back to good wood. Many trees and shrubs have been damaged by the ice. Remove broken limbs that are still hanging if you've not already done so. Trim away injured branches. Check to be certain that trees haven't split at the forks. Severely damaged trees and shrubs would probably benefit from an application of fertilizer to increase their vigor and growth. It is still too early to prune roses and remove mulch. Wait until all signs of cold weather have passed and then gradually remove mulch over a period of a week to 10 days. Then prune back accord- 10 ing to variety and damage. If rose cones have been used for winter protection, they should be removed during the first part of the month. Miscellany Bird houses and nesting boxes should be in place or those that are up should be cleaned. Migra- tory birds will be arriving while the winter birds are heading north. House plants should be showing appreciable growth. Increase water and feed with a dilute fertilizer. Check plants to determine if they need repotting. Plant trees and shrubs, especially those that should be planted when dormant, as soon as the ground can be worked easily. Evergreens can be planted as well. Begin to mulch new and established plantings to conserve moisture. —Barbara B. Pesch NSF Grant To Support Chromosome Study Information concerning chromosomes has become increasingly important in studies of plant systematics in recent years. Features of their number, morphology and behavior during cell division have been studied and proven useful. Variations in chromosomes pro- vide important comparative data useful in interpreting interrelationships and in indicating the direction of evolution among groups of plants. The most impor- tant variable of chromosomes is their number. Reports of chromosome numbers have been ac- cumulating since about 1910, and in recent years more than 5,000 counts have been published in about 500 different research articles each year. Several books have appeared which attempted to list all known chromosome numbers, but these are out-of- date before they are published. In 1956 an annual Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers was begun, with the goal of maintaining an up-to-date compila- tion, readily available to botanists around the world. In 1978 the headquarters of the Index to Plant Chromo- some Numbers was moved to the Missouri Botanical Garden, where it is edited by Dr. Peter Goldblatt, B. A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany. Dr. Goldblatt will act as coordinator and editor of this internationally important project. He will be as- sisted by other Garden botanists and by a team of botanists from other institutions. The team will submit abstracted information to him for compilation. The data will be typed in computer readable form and sent to the United States Department of Agriculture com- puter in Beltsville, Maryland. The computer will au- tomatically assemble the some 5,000 individual counts into a systematic list, and set the type from which the annual indexes will be printed. The Garden has received a five year, $21,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to assist with the compilation of the annual indexes. Calendar Of Events Through Orchid Show March 11 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m., daily Climatron March 3-4 Spring Garden Workshop 10 a.m.-5 p.m., March 3 Noon-5 p.m., March 4 John S. Lehmann Building March 17-April 15 Spring Flower Show 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m., March 17-31 9 a.m.-5 p.m., April 1-15 Outdoors, tent March 31-April 22 “Plants of the Bible” Exhibit of plants from Biblical times 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m., March 31 9 a.m.-5 p.m., April 1-22 Mediterranean House MEMBERSHIP — JANUARY 1979 HENRY SHAW Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr/Mrs. Howard FE. Baer Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Tumer Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske, Jr. Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Stanley FE Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Miss Martha Love Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. John Olin Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Mr./Mrs. Fredric M. Robinson Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer COD INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS SUSTAINING Mr. James J. Albanese, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Kobusch Mr./Mrs. L. M. Loppman, Jr. Dr. Robert Packman Mr./Mrs. Rex Rocine NEW MEMBERSHIPS JANUARY 1979 Mr./Mrs. William Miller SPONSORING CONTRIBUTING Mrs. O. W. Klingsick Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Robert K. Davis Mr./Mrs. David W. Edwards Mr./Mrs. David L. Kohfeld Mr./Mrs. John G. Jackson Mrs. Texi T. Moore Members ‘Getaway’ Tours Spectacular scenery awaits Members who sign up for any of the 1979 tours described below. June 12-26 Scandinavia, including a three day cruise from Helsinki to Leningrad. Aug. 23-31 Canadian Cariboos by ‘Copter — a tour of mountain experiences including Banff, Lake Louise and Jasper Park. Sept. 20-28 Ireland Castle and Garden Tour, featuring Shannon, Dublin, Cork and Tralee. For further information please call the Members’ office, 772-7600, extension 25. CONTRIBUTING Mrs. Charles Day Dr. Mary M. Randlett Mr./Mrs. Morris A. Shenker REGULAR Mr./Mrs. W. F. Allison Ms. Alicia Anderson Mr./Mrs. Jerry Anthoney Dr./Mrs. Willard P- Armstrong Ms. Anne Baker Mr./Mrs. R. E. Bates Mr./Mrs. Richard Billups Mr./Mrs. Arnold Blanner Drs. Bill and Pat Boever Ms. Maria Borzymowski Mr./Mrs. Paul Bounk Mr./Mrs. Thomas Brent Mr./Mrs. J. Allen Brinkmeyer Ms. Kathleen Brouk Mrs. Virginia Bucher Ms. Anne Byrne Dr./Mrs. M. L. Calton Mr./Mrs. Jack Carusa Ms. Virginia Cavitte Mr. Robert Currie Mrs. Esther G. Dinning Mr./Mrs. Andrew S. Dorris Mr. John Doty Ms. Ann T. Eggebrecht Mrs. Bernetta Finley Mr./Mrs. James E. Fischer Mr./Mrs. E. W. Folk Mr./Mrs. Carter B. Freeman Barbara & Ken Fritz Mr./Mrs. Harry G. Gerding Miss Ann Hancock Mr./Ms. E. Hancock Mr. Earl Hancock Hollander Charitable Trust Miss Ann Holtkamp Ms. Bernetta Jackson Mr./Mrs. Roy Jungmeyer Mr./Mrs. Nelson H. Kasten Mr./Mrs. Ambrose D. Kelly Mr./Mrs. J. K. Kolodziej Member of Mr. Bob C. Kouarik Mr. Gary G. Kruger Mr./Mrs. Dennis Landvogt Mr./Mrs. James T. Little Mr./Mrs. Wilton L. Manewal, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Steven Maravich Miss Louise M. Martin Mr. Robert B. Mason Mrs. R. Banks McDonald Mrs. B. J. Menkhaus Mr./Mrs. John K. Mullen Mr./Mrs. Harry Noe Mrs. Robert E. Osterholt Mr./Mrs. John E. Papin Mr. William Pasek Mr. Robert E. Preston Mr./Mrs. John V. Price Mrs. G. Ray Mr./Mrs. Harry Reineke Mr. Robert Riels Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Roeder Mr./Mrs. G. L. Rogers Mr./Mrs. Ronald C. Schubert Mrs. W. H. Schuchmann Mrs. Lois B. Schulz Mr./Mrs. Joseph Schuster, Ill Mr. A. J. Sgonina Dr./Mrs. Irving Shapiro Dr. Gamil E. Shaw Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Shewmaker Ms. Beth Skelton Mr./Mrs. John T. Slattery Mr./Mrs. Paul C. Stark, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John E. Straw Ms. Audrey Swinford Mrs. Judy Talley Mrs. Clara Titov Mrs. Louis Trowbridge Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Vespereny Mr./Mrs. Richard S. Vierling Mrs. Doris Wade Mrs. Dorothy M. Wahlbrink Mr. Alfred Warenberg Ms. Pat Warner Mrs. Jeannette Welsh Mrs. Bernardine Wieberg Mr./Mrs. Wm. R. Wiemers Ms. Cynthia Wolin Mrs. Helen Woodstuff The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours 11 TRIBUTES — JANUARY 1979 In Honor of Dr. Lawrence Aronberg’s Special Birthday Joe and Ruth Pollack In Honor of Miss Peggy Baldwin Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston In Honor of Dr. Robert M. Bell’s 78th Birthday Mrs. Robert M. Bell In Honor of Mrs. M. Coppersmith’s Birthday Joe and Ruth Pollack In Honor of Ruth L. Giesler’s Birthday Mrs. Florence F. Henderson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Hermann’s 60th Anniversary Dr./Mrs. Clinton W. Lane Mr./Mrs. John D. MacCarthy Mr. Walter B. Muckerman In Honor of Miss Courtney Johnston Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston In Honor of Dwight Kelly Martha Y. Mahaney In Honor of Mr. Earl Page Four Seasons Garden Club In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Julian G. Samuels’ 65th Anniversary Mr. Charles Goodman Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Rosen Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Weinstock In Honor of Mrs. William Schield’s Birthday Mrs. Irvin Bettmen, Jr. Mrs. Peyton Daniels Dr./Mrs. Norman W. Drey Erna Eisendrath Mrs. Prince Gardner Mrs. Leigh Gerdine Mrs. Lawrence E. Goldman Mrs. G. L. Harris Peggy Hellman Mrs. Homer Howe Mrs. Harold Hungerford Mrs. Kenneth Hyatt Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Jane, Lenny, John & Amy Landsbaum Mrs. Henry J. Lewis Mrs. J. R. Medart Louise and Morton Meyer Mrs. William Petring Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Mrs. Paul F. Ring Blanche Rubinstein Dr./Mrs. S. D. Soule Mrs. Norman Wolff In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Tucker’s Anniversary Mrs. J. A. Jacobs In Memory of Mr. Louis Beckerle Mr./Mrs. William J. Hoeffel In Memory of Mrs. Carrie Berger Anna Mae Wiedemann In Memory of Pless Boyher Mitchell and Marie Grzesiowski In Memory of Ann Christianes Barrington Estates Garden Club In Memory of Dr. Gene D’Oench Mrs. H. C. Grigg In Memory of Mr. Stanley M. Dombeck Mr./Mrs. William J. Hoeffel In Memory of Sadye Edison Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Memory of Marvin Fox's Father Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff in Memory of Lisa Galloway Jose Diaz Bob Dillman Laurie Galloway Ann Ganus Chris and Leonard Hagedorn Amy Hannah Howard Hearsh Anne Jemas Louis and Felia Jemas John and Kathy Lehleitner Stuart Maier Doc Nierdieck Carol Reinhardt Diane Reinhardt Jeanne Reinhardt Odessa L. Reinhardt Paul Sherwin Employees of Tension Envelope Co. In Memory of Dr. Oliver Grawe Sarah C. Grawe In Memory of Dr. Philip C. Hamm Marty Ballard Mr./Mrs. R. L. Ballweg Mr./Mrs. Elbert W. Burr Mrs. Helen Carpenter Ann Castulik Mrs. Michael Chehval Dr./Mrs. J. P. Chupp Tommie Curtis Dr./Mrs. John Deming Mr./Mrs. Wallene Derby Dr./Mrs. John Franz Joyce Frye Frances Furry Dr./Mrs. V. R. Gaertner | Dr./Mrs. Virgil Gash Elizabeth B. Gould Brenda Govro Dr./Mrs. William E. Koerner Sally Landwehr Ann Mahl Alexis Massa Mr./Mrs. Walter B. Meyer Roberta and Bob Miller Monsanto Mixed Bowling League Sharon Moran JoAnn Owens Kitty Pearl Joyce Plumer Dr./Mrs. E. J. Prill Dr./Mrs. Wayne Ratts Rita Reeves Gerri Robinson Cecil and Theola Russell St. Louis University Faculty Wives and Friends Bowling League Dr./Mrs. John Schaefer Dr./Mrs. Roger Shaw Jim Sikorski Mrs. A. John Speziale Lucy Steelman Joy Stein Dr./Mrs. John Stephens Eugene and Yvonne Sunnen Marilyn Zimmer In Memory of Mr. William F. Harrison Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble In Memory of Eugene Hoefel Mr./Mrs. Oliver J. Belzer In Memory of Mr. Claude Johnston Mrs. E. R. Culver, Jr. Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Florence Guth In Memory of Mrs. Paul Kohl Marion Pfeiffer In Memory of Mrs. Martin Lammert, Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert Cave Mr./Mrs. Paul V. von Gontard In Memory of Mrs. D. P. Lane Mr./Mrs. Harold T. Jolley, Jr. In Memory of Lucy Lange Florence Guth Mr./Mrs. R. C. Purk In Memory of Raymond E. Lange Mr./Mrs. Lawrence DeClinton Mrs. Raymond E. Lange Mr. Raymond E. Lange, Jr. In Memory of Sears Lehmann, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Carl B. Beckers Mr./Mrs. John B. Biggs Clayton Investment Syndicate Martha Curtis Arthur A. Dunn, Jr. Helen Grant Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Carroll A. Hochwalt O. M. Langenberg Mrs. John S. Lehmann Aurelia and George Schlapp Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp Mr./Mrs. F. Lee Shapleigh Elizabeth W. Strelinger & Family In Memory of Mrs. Helen Meyer Mrs. Julia N. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Elmer F. Bowman Sally B. Braxton Dr./Mrs. Grayson Carroll Mr./Mrs. Chester O. Fischer Mrs. Erwin C. Harms Mrs. Maurice J. Keller Mr. Edgar F. Peters Mrs. William H. Petring Mrs. H. C. Pollock Ella Riesmeyer Mrs. Charles M. Sessions Mrs. Clarence F. Spaethe Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Tobin, II Mr./Mrs. Paul V. von Gontard Mrs. Bernard von Hoffmann Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher In Memory of Edward Neiger Viola Milentz In Memory of Lorraine Roby’s Mother Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Memory of Fred Schlossstein Beatrice Obermeyer Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of George D. Scott Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin E. G. Cherbonnier Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. Rembert W. LaBeaume Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Simmons In Memory of Albert |. Stix Mr./Mrs. William M. Livingston In Memory of Mr./Mrs. James Thomas Mr./Mrs. William J. Hoeffel In Memory of Russell Thompson Viola Milentz In Memory of Mrs. Throdahl’s Sister Mr./Mrs. Calvin H. East In Memory of Mrs. Joseph W. White Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher In Memory of Edna Wolfrom Mr./Mrs. Arthur Klittich MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Daffodils, signs of spring and the Spring Plant Festival. See Page 4. Dr. Hoch’s Study: Epilobium In North America The adage, “If you've seen one, you've seen them all,” is something Dr. Peter Hoch may some- times wish were true. As a graduate student and now a research associate at the Garden, Peter has been Studying dried herbarium specimens of the genus Epilobium, “willow-herb,” in order to learn how it has evolved, where it occurs, and what characterizes the species. These specimens have been sent on loan to the Garden from more than 120 other herbaria and must represent the largest number of specimens ever accumulated for a single study. The last major study of Epilobium was published in 1884 and was worldwide in scope. It included 5,000 North American specimens. Peter’s study involves only the North American species of Epilobium and is based on 85,000 specimens. For most species, no herbarium contains every specimen ever collected, so there is a constant ex- change of loans among the world’s 5,000 herbaria. During 1978 alone, the Garden’s herbarium, which ranks twelfth in size among these 5,000, loaned more than 19,000 specimens to 81 institutions in the United States and about 9,000 additional specimens to foreign herbaria. Peter’s Epilobium material came from herbaria in the United States, England, most European museums, and Russia. Most loans are simply sent through the mails, but Peter made a trip to West Coast herbaria and personally transported 11,000 specimens back to Missouri in a rented truck. The specimens are stored in the Garden's her- barium in the John S. Lehmann Building and fill one and one-half aisles of compactor space. The enormity of this project is further emphasized by comparing its size to other statistics. About one-quarter of a million specimens are loaned by the various herbaria in the United States each year. The Epilobium material rep- resents 34% of that total, but of course, it was bor- rowed over a period of three years. There are about Dr. Peter Hoch, research associate, plots distribution of Epilobium specimens collected in North America. 1,100 herbaria in the United States, with a total of about 46 million specimens. Thus the average herbarium contains about 42,000 specimens. In other words, the material which Peter is studying repre- sents the holdings of about two average U.S. herbaria. (continued on next page) RS Volume LXVII Number 4 April 1979 Epilobium » « « (continued from page 1) In spite of the impressive size of this loan, the number of sheets he accumulated was hardly Peter's most important concern. He is seeking important in- sights into questions of evolutionary biology. The aim of his study is to help make the Onagraceae (evening primrose family), of which Epilobium is the largest genus, the best known group of organisms — plant or animal — on earth. Other students of Peter’s advisor, Garden director Dr. Peter H. Raven, are doing similar studies with other genera in the Onagraceae. Just why he chose to study Epilobium and what aspects of its biology he is focusing on are important to know. Epilobium interested Peter because it repre- sents an evolutionarily dynamic group. The difficulty in studying this group and, therefore, its attraction, arises from the fact that the species are diversifying. Just how plants speciate and what allows them to exploit new habitats can be learned by studying an actively evolving group such as Epi/obium. Peter was also attracted to these herbaceous plants because of their alpine habitat. Since recogni- tion of plant units in the field is the basis for many taxonomic decisions, his field work was a critical part of his study. He made trips to Alaska, including Attu Island. Other trips, including those to the Rockies and other western mountains, allowed him to collect more than 2,000 specimens. Field work occupied 25 per cent of Peter’s time; greenhouse work, which involved growing more than 1,000 strains from seed collections, hybridizing and examining plants, took another 25 per cent. The re- mainder of time was spent in the herbarium. This work included measuring plants and using informa- tion on the labels to map the range of the species. When Peter’s study is complete, each speci- men will be annotated with a slip of paper giving what he considers the correct name for that plant. In this way, other botanists will know what he thought about the plant and be able to better appreciate and identify other collections. Spring Arrives At Garden Gate The Garden Gate Shop is ready for spring, with new items purchased by its buyers at New York and Dallas gift shows. Flowers are everywhere — on china, kitchen towels, pot holders, aprons, glasses and ice buckets. Bright pillows will add fresh accents to any room. British gardening tools will be available for the first time. In addition, there are many new gardening books, the highlight being The Complete Book of Gardening, edited by John Elsley. Glass and brass were featured everywhere, so there are lots of new vases in blown, etched and painted glass. When thinking of spring, plan a visit to the Gar- den Gate Shop to see all the new items. 2 G. U. Wise Named Shaw Arboretum Head George U. Wise George U. Wise has been named superinten- dent of the Shaw Arboretum, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Most recently, Mr. Wise was director of the Aw- bury Arboretum of the City Parks Association in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Serving in this capacity, he managed the arboretum and developed com- prehensive teaching programs for the institution. Mr. Wise received a master’s degree in ornamental horticulture through the Longwood Program. He also has a master’s in entomology and an undergraduate degree in biology. Mr. Wise resides with his wife and two children at the Shaw Arboretum. Members Tours Aug. 23-31 Canadian Cariboos by ’Copter — a tour of mountain experiences including Banff, Lake Louise and Jasper Park. Sept. 20-28 lreland Castle and Garden Tour, featuring Shannon, Dublin, Cork and Tralee. Contact the Members’ Office, 772-7600, Ext. 25, for further information. Garden Club Tour May 18 through June 3, 1979, special trip to the Isle of Brittany, Normandy and Paris. Private homes, gardens and collections. Cost is approximately $2,200 plus $200 tax deductible contribution/deposit made payable to Missouri Botantical Garden. Mail deposit to Foster Travel, 818 Olive Street, St. Louis, MO 63101. The trip is sponsored by the Garden Club of St. Louis. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Special Events Highlight Springfest In April A number of special events will highlight continu- ing Springfest activities in April. A family picnic day, April 1, will give families a chance to see the flower show, bring a picnic meal and dine on the Garden grounds. Guided tours will be offered at 1 and 2 p.m. and musical entertainment in the afternoon will be provided by the seventy-piece brass and reed Meramec Community College Symphonic Band. The Meramec band plans a performance with an interna- tional theme, including selections from France, Scot- land, Ireland and Cuba. The Garden will be open during regular hours — 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. For those who would like to have questions answered regarding woodland wildflowers, a work- shop will be offered on April 7-8. A staff horticulturist will be in the English Woodland Garden from 2 to 4 p.m. both days to informally discuss plant materials and answer questions. If you plan a visit to the flower show on April 8 from 2 to 5 p.m., you will be entertained by a jazz concert. The area south of the Desert House will be the concert site. Enjoy the show and this special out- door concert. Providing the jazz entertainment will be Jasmine, a St. Louis jazz duo which combines saxophone, piano and guitar in presenting both standard and orig- Springfest under canvas, the 1979 Spring Flower Show. inal material. i } { \ ai { t acy, ~ he / a en" ail 1 ~ ye ape / m 4 t Gy AG MT EF, Now asta The Garden's new festival tent, up for the first time for the Springfest Flower Show and awaiting attachment of side walls. Spring Plant Festival Set For April 21-22 The second annual Spring Plant Festival and Sale will be held April 21-22 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Members will be offered a special opportunity to make their selections on Friday, April 20, from 3 to 6:30 p.m. The discount for Members will be 20 per cent, while non-members will receive a 10 per cent discount. The sale will be held in the Head House, Orchid Range and Plant Shop. Enter through the West Gate of the Visitors Parking Lot. Since the Garden is a collection of unique plants, St. Louis area gardeners often request sources for such plant material. This year, the plant sale will in- clude many of the unusual varieties that can be seen growing at the Garden. The sale will feature an array of tropical plants, Burpee seeds, flowers, vegetables and herbs. Forty-one kinds of herbs will be offered, ranging from anise to wormwood. Scented geraniums in a wide array will be featured. Annual bedding plants in a rainbow of colors for every location will be on sale. Select your vegetable plants as well. Hanging baskets will be cascading with fuch- sias, ivy geraniums and coleus. Some perennials and spring bulbs will be offered as well. Don't miss this gala occasion and the unique op- portunity to purchase plant material. 4 Not For Women Only Members are urged to attend the Annual Spring Luncheon sponsored by the Women’s Executive Board at 10:30 a.m. on Monday, May 7, 1979, in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Instal- lation of the new officers of the Board will take place as well as a review of the year’s activities. A special program has been developed for this event. A buffet luncheon will be served following the meeting. Res- ervations for the luncheon may be made at $4.50 per person. Look for your invitation and reservation form in the mail. Arboretum Day: A Walk Among The Wildflowers A special day has been planned for Members and their families. Circle April 29 on your calendar. Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit will provide the set- ting for lunch, guided wildflower walks and nature awareness tours. The hours are 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Bus transporta- tion will be provided from Westroads parking lot. Reservations are required for box lunches and bus transportation. Invitations and more information will be sent to Members. Plan to wear comfortable clothes and good hik- ing shoes. Calendar Of Events March 31- “Plants of the Bible” April 22 9 a.m.-5 p.m. daily Mediterranean House April 1 Springfest Family Picnic Day 9 a.m.-5 p.m. April 7-8 Woodland Wildflower Workshop English Woodland Garden 2-4 p.m. April 8 Springfest Jazz Concert South of Desert House 2-5 p.m. April 14 Special Guided Tours Noon, 1, 2 and 3 p.m. April 21-22 Second Annual Spring Plant Festival and Sale 9 a.m.-5 p.m. April 22 Flower Sunday 11 a.m. Christ Church Cathedral April 29 Arboretum Day Gray Summit 11 a.m.-4 p.m. The Complete Book of Gardening’ Available now in the Garden Gate Shop is a new gardening book edited by John Elsley, the Garden's Curator of Hardy Plants. Entitled “The Complete Book of Gardening,” the book was first edited by Michael Wright and published in England. Our edition was specially edited for this country by John Elsley. The book is lavishly illustrated with more than 1,000 illustrations and “how-to” draw- ings. Thirty garden writers were involved in research- ing and writing this helpful book. The book will assist the expert and beginner alike. How-to instructions are described in easily un- derstandable terms. The information is both practical and inspirational. Chapters cover all areas of garden- ing from basic garden design to garden features, de- corative garden plants, vegetable and fruit gardens, gardening techniques and technicalities. The book is a must for any gardener’s library. Panamo’s Flora To Be Completed Next Year A joint symposium, to be held in Panama in April, 1980, and sponsored by the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Universidad de Panama and the Smith- sonian Tropical Research Institute, will signal the completion of the Flora of Panama. This monumental undertaking was begun in 1943 and upon completion early in 1980 will result in more than 7,000 pages and hundreds of illustrations in which more than 5,000 species are represented, cataloged, keyed and described. The symposium will include four days of meet- ings where participants will hear invited speakers, ex- change scientific information with colleagues and have the opportunity to go on field trips. Program topics will include the vegetation of Panama, man and the landscape, and botany and fauna of Panama. The contributions will be published as an inte- grated volume on the botany and natural history of Panama. Tree Planting, A Living Memorial Have you ever been at a loss for a particularly special gift or remembrance for someone special? Here is a unique gift suggestion. The Garden will plant a tree as a living memorial on the occasion of a birthday, an anniversary or just as a thoughtful remembrance. The tree would be en- rolled permanently in the plant records and identified in the field by a zinc tag affixed to the tree. The tag identifies the person to whom the dedication is made and the name of the donor. Contact Alan Godlewski, department of Land- scape Horticulture, for futher information. ‘Roots’ Coming April 24 Beginning Tuesday, April 24, a special “Roots” exhibit on loan from the Morris Arboretum in Philadelphia will be on display in the John S. Lehmann Building lobby. The exhibit was designed to give the public a more vivid impression of the underground world of plants. Primary focus is on the roots of trees, their structure and interactions with the surrounding area and the invasions of the urban environment. New Schedule In Effect A new rate schedule for Garden admission went into effect on March 1, including a new family rate, $6.00 for 2 adults and their children. Other new admission charges are as follows: adults, $2.50; children (6-16) $1.00, and under six, free. Senior citizen annual pass remains $5.00. Members will continue to enjoy free admission. OLD NEWSPERSON’S DAY — Marie Cook, Members’ record secretary, does her part by peddling newspapers during the St. Louis Globe-Democrat's recent Old Newsboy’s Day. Gardening in St. Louis Spring has been so long coming that area gar- deners are more than anxious to begin the usual early tasks. But don’t rush the season. Winter damage may be evident again this year, but growth may still occur on winter damaged plants. Wait awhile before pruning or removing plants. Growth may emerge from the base. Trees and shrubs should be planted as soon as the soil is workable. The season for planting bare root trees, shrubs and rose bushes is not too long. Plant material that is balled and burlaped or in cans may be planted with ease. Spring Cleanup Continue spring cleanup of lawns and flower beds. It is best to keep mulches around shrubs— especially azaleas and rhododendrons. If removed for clean-up, it should be replaced to the depth of four or five inches. The mulch keeps the weeds down, keeps the soil evenly moist and as it breaks down, supplies nutrients to the soil. Spring is a good time to reapply mulches before weeds have a chance to get started. Lawns should be cleaned thoroughly if that has not been done already. Fertilize with a balanced fer- tilizer at the rate recommended by the manufacturer. Apply crabgrass pre-emergent killer around the mid- dle of the month. Do not use weed killers on newly seeded areas; wait at least six weeks. Adjust mower to cut one and one-half inches above ground level. Be certain mower blades are sharp. Rose Care Roses should be pruned in the first half of the month before growth begins. Gradually pull away mulch from around the plants. Work in superphos- phate around the base of the plant—about one cup per plant. Apply organic material as a surface mulch to the depth of two inches to help conserve moisture and keep down weeds. Seed and Plant Selection When selecting seeds and plants from area gar- den centers, select the new disease resistant var- ieties. There are many new selections this year, so don’t miss the new ones. If seeds and plants have been started on the windowsill or in the greenhouse, feed to keep growing vigorously. Be certain they re- ceive plenty of light so seedlings don’t become leggy. Cooler growing plants should be hardened off gradually toward the end of the month. Place outside for short periods during the day in a sheltered area. Increase time periods. It is too early to put warm growing plants such as tomatoes out—wait until mid-May. But you can plant hardy vegetables if you have not done so. Watch indoor plants as day length continues to increase. Growth will be picking up once again. Fer- tilize with a dilute, balanced fertilizer. Most of all—enjoy spring! —Barbara B. Pesch Flowering Bulbs, Colorful Signs Of Spring Among the harbingers of spring in the minds of most gardeners are a myriad of flowering bulbs — crocus, narcissus, tulips and others. But spring is also the time to consider planting some of the tender “bulbs” which flower during the summer. This group of tender plants will in most cases give a pleasant display of flowers or foliage until frost. First, there is the gladiolus. Much hybridizing has taken place in this group of plants and many more sturdy-stalked garden varieties have been developed. They are divided primarily into the tall varieties which come in an array of colors from cream and red to lavender and lime-green as well as multicolored types. The second grouping is the baby gladiolus with a more flaring flower form and lesser stature, making them far easier to incorporate in the summer border, where they combine nicely with some of the taller perennials. A cousin of the gladiolus is Acidanthera bicolor, also called Abyssinian sword lily. This colorful native of tropical Africa has fragrant, creamy white flowers blotched in the center with brown, blooming in loose spikelike clusters in late summer and early fall. Both the gladiolus and Acidanthera should be planted in 6 spring after danger of frost is past, in full sun in well drained, friable soil. Since these are tender corms they should be lifted in fall after the first frost and stored in a cool dry place. Another plant which ranks as the queen of the summer garden is the lily. Lilies are true bulbs and come in two planting groups — those which are best planted in fall and those which should be planted in spring. These are primarily the Lilium auratum hy- brids and L. speciosum hybrids. Like most bulbs, they require excellent drainage to help prevent rotting. Slightly acid soil conditions are also beneficial. Since lilies are gross feeders they need a porous, well aer- ated soil rich in humus. Well balanced fertilizer will encourage strong stalks. Keep the nitrogen level low, i.e., 5-10-10. A light covering (two-three inches) of mulch will likewise keep the roots cool. Lilies require sunlight to bloom. Light until at least 2 p.m. will gen- erally be adequate. Lilies, like gladiolus, come in a lovely range of colors and lend themselves to incorporation in the garden scheme. They are at their best in perennial borders, en masse by themselves or at the edge or a woodland area. (continued on next page) FLOWERING BULBS .. . (continued) Another of these spring planted “bulbs” is the Caladium candidum, which may be planted out of doors when the night temperatures are above 65°F. They should be planted in shaded or semi-shaded locations where they are sure to give a bright note of color. Caladiums require a rich, porous soil high in Organic matter and are best fertilized every two to three weeks with half strength fish emulsion during the growing season. Water caladiums freely during the growing season. Toward the end of summer as temperatures drop, reduce the level of watering. As leaves begin to yellow, withhold water until foliage dies back; then lift the tubers, shake off excess soil, dust with a fungicide and store in dry peat moss over winter at temperatures no lower than 60°F. To pro- duce a compact plant, start plant upside down in damp peat moss at 75° to 85°F. As soon as the leaves appear, remove the tuber and plant right Side up one inch deep. Bulbs can be a dependable and colorful addition to the garden in all seasons, not just in the spring. —Alan Godlewski Chairman, Landscape Horticulture Notes From Tower Grove House New dried flower arrangements have been made and donated to the House by Mrs. Frederick M. Robinson, Jr. Be certain to see them on your next visit. ae A fall tour will be sponsored by the Historical Committee of Tower Grove House in October — four days in Wilmington, Delaware, to visit Winterthur. Watch for further details or call 773-9000 for informa- tion. xk * * Viola Wagstaff, a tour guide in the House for five years, passed away on Sunday, February 11. She will be missed by her many friends. 1979 Spring Lecture Series Continues This series features representatives from local horticulture societies who will share their expertise in areas of specific related interest. All lectures are scheduled for Wednesdays at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium. April 4 “Behold the Beauty Roundabout” Lillian Mackle Henry Shaw Cactus Society April 11 “The Dahlia, Everybody’s Flower” Oliver Ruffing Rolla Zufall Greater St. Louis Dahlia Society “Boxwood Gardens” Jack Horner Boxwood Society of the Midwest April 18 Garden To Honor Volunteers National Volunteer Week is April 23-29. The Garden will observe the occasion by honoring its more than 400 devoted volunteers on Monday after- noon, April 23. A lecture entitled, “Memories of 1904,” will be given by Mrs. Virginia Horner, wife of a volun- teer. The lecture, illustrated with slides, will reflect upon the World’s Fair held in St. Louis and will include a view of Shaw’s Garden at the turn of the century. An award ceremony will follow the lecture. Out- standing volunteers will be presented award pins —a new Garden program. The volunteer program has grown over its six year history from an original group of 100 to the pres- ent total exceeding 400. The Garden could not func- tion without this devoted group which works in virtu- ally every area of the Garden and contributed more than 42,000 hours in 1978. Volunteers are always needed, so if you can give three hours or more a week, please contact the volun- teer office, 772-7600, extension 13 or 19. Volunteering iS an opportunity to learn as well as a satisfying way of giving. MEMBERSHIP — FEBRUARY 1979 CORD Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann FE. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Mrs. Richard K. Weil HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard EF. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. James H. Howe III Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Miss Martha Love Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. John Olin Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. Herman Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm III Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harnriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly CORD Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — FEBRUARY 1979 SPONSORING Mrs. W. T. Dooley, Sr. SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Edward B. Greensfelder CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Balk Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Ellis Miss Elsie A. Mange Mr./Mrs. Philip Naas Mr./Mrs. Ernest S. Robson, Jr. Mrs. A. A. Weintraub Ms. Mary Louise Winkler NEW MEMBERSHIPS — FEBRUARY 1979 REGULAR Mrs. Colleen S. Adreon Mr. David L. Becker Mrs. Pat Boatman Ms. Cissy Brungard Mr. Edward O. Buschmiller, Jr. Ms. Loretta Calcaterra Mr. Howard L. Clodfelter Sister Anne Cornet Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mrs. A. Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs . O. W. Couch . Steve J. Dasouich . David D. Desper, Jr. . Patrick R. Devereux . Charles C. Dillon Dvorak . B. G. Earnheart . Richard Ensminger Mrs. David Frank Miss Teresa Frazer Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Gardner Mr. Peter M. George Mr./Mrs. Joe Goeddel, Jr. Mrs. Milton C. Goldenberg Mr. Thomas Green, Jr. Mrs. Estella M. Hansen Mr./Mrs. Delbert Heine Mr./Mrs. R. H. Henning Mr. Edwin D. Hill Mr./Mrs. Irv Hosna Mr./Mrs. Dale T. Johnson Mr. Tim W. Kendall Mr./Mrs. Marcus H. Larwill Mrs. Joyce Leicht Ms. Signe Lindquist Mrs. Susan A. Lowe Mr./Mrs. Crawford Madeira Mr. John Mareing Mrs. George |. Martin Mr./Mrs. Vernon L. Mclintire Ms. Jane M. Menard Mr./Mrs. Daniel M. Miller Mrs. Helen Moore Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Franco Piccione Jerry L. Poole H. A. Pope and Sons, Inc. Mr./Mrs. Eugene Powers Miss Barbara J. Rachas Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Dr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Ryan Michael A. Sauter Richard C. Schmidt Fabian Sickles T. M. Smorodin Alan J. Stein Gary W. Strubbe Michael J. Syron John Taylor Ms. Darling Thompson Mr. Eugene Vale Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Robert Varusa Robert A. Wykes TRIBUTES — FEBRUARY 1979 In Honor of Rose and Meyer Levy’s Anniversary Morton and Norma Singer In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. John S. Marsalek 65th Anniversary Mrs. Ellis H. Hamel In Honor of Mrs. William Schield’s Birthday Dr./Mrs. Max Deutch Mrs. Arthur Freund Mrs. Norman Laski Marie and Mel Levi John and Sally Levy Mr./Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mrs. Oscar S. Rosner Mr./Mrs. Philip Steiner Jenny and Leonard Strauss Helman and Evie Wasserman In Honor of Mrs. Nora Stem, 1978 Woman of Achievement Mr./Mrs. Jules L. Pass In Honor of recovery of Mrs. Rhoda Turner Janis Gollub In Memory of Leota Diese! Ashton Elmer W. Wiltsch in Memory of Jeannette Brody Ann and Peter Husch In Memory of John G. Burton R. Clark Becker Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. Charles W. Freeman Elmer G. Kiefer Mrs. F. Donald McDonald Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. Lola Vardaman in Memory of Mrs. Estelle M. Carroll Mr./Mrs. William Zeltmann In Memory of Genevieve DeCiue Crump Mary L. Lehmann Nathalie Love In Memory of Dr. C. Gene D’Oench Mrs. Warren C. Bruce in Memory of Mr. Charlies DePew Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. John R. Robinson Robert B. Smith C. P. Whitehead In Memory of Mrs. Sam Edison Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mr. Herbert Franks Mr./Mrs. Julian Samuels In Memory of Dr. Philip Hamm Oliver and Martha Degarmo Bob and Mr./Mrs. Marian Husted William S. Knowles Monsanto Employees Mrs. William H. Petring Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr. /Mrs. N. L. Reding W. M. Renick James A. Ross Mary and Bill Udell Ms. Beth Wilson Mr./Mrs. Dean E. Wilson Wingfield Lamplighters Mr./Mrs. F. B. Zienty In Memory of Mrs. James P. Hickok Mrs. William H. Petring Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Henry J. Heideman Mrs. Henry J. Heideman In Memory of Nell C. Homer Mildred E. Mathias In Memory of Claude Johnston Ernest and Catherine Hofmann Mrs. Charles Lamy Marion Pfeiffer Mr./Mrs. Robert Purk Mr./Mrs. Eli Strassner In Memory of Mrs. Walter Kobusch Mrs. L. W. Butler In Memory of Mrs. Martin Lammert Ill Mr. James H. Williams In Memory of Mrs. Lane Mr./Mrs. Calvin H. East, Jr. In Memory of Luther Harold Larkin Mrs. Thomas E. Hicks in Memory of Sears Lehmann, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Joseph A. Bauer Archer O'Reilly, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Claire Losse Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Jane Howard Mackey Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan In Memory of Mr. Bert Maechling Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Freeman In Memory of Helen Meyer Barbara Drury In Memory of Caroline H. Riehl Edna and Myrtle Lowe St. Louis Horticultural Society In Memory of Miss Clara Ruch Mr./Mrs. Carl Rueck In Mrmory of Mr. Carl Schiapp Mrs. Jean Jacques Carnel In Memory of Loretta Shea Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Louise Steinberg Mrs. Roger E. French In Memory of Tesse B. Werner Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy in Memory of Robert Charlies Wilder Regina M. Wilder In Honor of Dr. Sam Soule Mr./Mrs. Saul Dubinsky Mrs. William H. Schield MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (USPS 354-860) 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Spring things — see Pages 6 and 7. The Mosses of Israel: A Field Report One of the research projects in which the Gar- den has been involved for the past several years is a study of the mosses of Israel. There are many mos- ses in Israel, about 200 kinds. Comparatively, there are about 300 in Missouri, which is about seven times as large as Israel. The study is a cooperative project with Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Dr. Mar- shall Crosby of the Garden's staff spent three weeks during March in Israel collecting and studying mos- ses. Upon his return, Dr. Crosby filed the following report. Gigaspermum repens, a startling discovery in Israel. On March 5, after finishing breakfast of lox and bagels on El Al flight 010 from New York to Ben Gur- ion Airport, the plane landed and | was greeted by my Israeli colleagues, Drs. Clara Heyn and llana Herrnstadt, with whom | am collaborating. In place of Clara’s usual greeting, “What's new in science?”, her first question was, “When is Jimmy Carter arriving?” | had left St. Louis 17 hours earlier, and during that time the dramatic announcement of the presi- dent's diplomatic trip to the Middle East was made. Of course, | knew nothing about it, and they had to fill me in with what details they had at that time. During the next three weeks a lot was new in science, though at times we jokingly remarked that Carter was hindering progress. Since the University is located across the street from the Knesset, when peace treaty negotiations were taking place there, it was Often difficult to get to and from the campus. We traveled about 1500 miles, collected at about 45 differ- ent places and gathered several hundred new moss specimens for our studies. Among these were several species which had not previously been collected in Israel. Some of these discoveries fill conspicuous gaps in our knowledge of the distribution of the mos- ses involved, and their occurrence in Israel was not surprising. For example, we discovered a large moss called Antitrichia breidleriana growing in a rocky gorge east of the Sea of Galilee. This species was known from many areas around the Mediterranean Sea, including nearby Lebanon, but it has not previ- ously been reported from Israel. One of the objects of this year’s field work was to relocate a moss first discovered in Israel by the Gar- den’s director, Dr. Peter H. Raven. He was there in 1975 at the invitation of the Hebrew University to de- liver a series of botanical lectures. While there, he discussed several possible cooperative projects with the faculty members of the University, and our current study of the mosses of Israel has grown from this 1975 trip. During his stay in Israei, Dr. Raven collected a few mosses himself, and among these is an interest- ing species called Gigaspermum repens. When | was studying his collections, together with Dr. Herrnstadt in 1977, | was startled to find the species among them, because at that time it was only known from several areas in the Southern Hemisphere and from Morocco and Spain, in the eastern Mediterranean area. Gigaspermum is a minute, inconspicuous (Continued on Page 2) Volume LXVII Number 5 May 1979 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam’ C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. James H. Howe Ill Mr./Mrs. Stanley F: Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Florence T: Morris Mr./Mrs. John Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Herman Pott Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Tom K. Smith, Jr, Chairman, Board of Trustees Peter H. Raven, Director Mrs. Walter G. Stern, President, Executive Board of the Members MOSSES » « « (Continued from Page 1) moss, and we were very surprised that he had col- lected it. In 1978 | made a similar trip to Israel to collect mosses, and we searched in vain at Dr. Raven's orig- inal localities for Gigaspermum. Both localities are in rather dry areas — one just above the shores of the Dead Sea due east of Jerusalem and the other near the village of Mehola, in the Jordan Valley about half- way between the north end of the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee. We assumed in 1978 that we were unable to locate Gigaspermum because it had been a rather dry winter, and we thought that perhaps the moss simply was not growing at that time. This year, we were able to relocate it at both the original localities, this time with the help of Dr. Av- inoam Danin, who had accompanied Dr. Raven in 1975. He was able to direct us to the precise rock next to which it grows near the Dead Sea, and although we searched a large area around this rock, we were unable to discover additional colonies of the moss. It is truly remarkable that Dr. Raven should have stooped down and picked up this particular moss at that particular rock. Once we knew the kind of habitat in which Gigaspermum was to be expected, we were able to locate a third station for it in the Golan Heights. This station is located near the north end of the Sea of Galilee above a steepsided gorge called Nahal Daliyyot, the same station at which Antitrichia bried- leriana was found. The conditions reminded me somewhat of our Missouri cedar glades, that is, an outcropping of limestone rock partially covered by a very thin layer of soil. As | approached the area, | said to myself that certainly this interesting looking place must be the home of something more than the com- mon mosses we had been collecting earlier in the day. Soon after getting down on my hands and knees to search among the tufts of grass for mosses, | spot- ted many large patches of Gigaspermum. Since it had rained the previous day, the mosses were particu- larly wet, shiny and beautiful. While we had had difficulty distinguishing Gigas- permum from some of the other common mosses when they were dry, once we had seen the mosses wet, it became easy to distinguish Gigaspermum even at a distance of three or four feet, because it had a particularly attractive silvery green sheen to it. After collecting a reasonable amount of material for pre- servation at our own institutional herbaria and at other important botanical institutions around the world, we began searching for other kinds of mosses at the same spot. (Continued on next page) The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Gigaspermum repens. Our searches were soon rewarded by the dis- covery of the presence of a small moss with a big name — Pyramidula tetragona. While the material was not quite mature, | recognized this species al- most immediately because of the peculiar pyramid- shaped covering on the capsule. Although | do not recall ever having studied specimens of this species before, it is so distinctive that | had no hesitation in identifying it on the spot. The discovery of Pyramidula was totally unex- pected, since this species was previously known only Confering on the Israeli moss study during a recent Garden visit are, from left, Dr. _ Marshall Crosby; * Eliyahu Honig, director of information and * public affairs at Hebrew University, Israel; and David Koren of the Midwest Region Division, American Friends of the Hebrew University. from Central Europe and the central part of the United States, including western Missouri. Since our collec- tions were so far out of the known range of Pyramidula, we thought that it perhaps might repre- sent a new species. However, on my way back fro: Israel, | stopped for about a week for some botanical meetings in the Netherlands, and | was able to com- pare our collections with collections deposited in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden. Although our specimens have larger than usual leaves, clearly they belong to Pyramidula tetragona. The addition of Antitrichia, Gigaspermum, and Pyramidula to the list of mosses known from Israel serves to emphasize the fact of the relative richness of the moss flora there. We do not yet know why there are so many kinds of mosses there. Probably it has to do with the great diversity of habitats reflected in diffe- rent altitudes, climatic zones, soil types, and vegeta- tion types which occur there, together with the Strategic location of Israel at the meeting grounds of the great, diverse floras of Europe, Asia, and Africa. This spring’s field work in Israel was exciting and successful, and before leaving, plans were made for my final visit to Israel in 1981. At that time we hope to have most of our thousands of collections labeled, sorted and identified and to be well on the way to producing a written flora of the mosses of Israel. Since | arrived in Israel at the beginning of Presi- dent Carter’s successful peace mission, it was fitting that | left on the 26th of March, the day the peace treaty with Egypt was signed. 3 33 Enjoy Desert Wonders The recent Garden trip to the Southwestern deserts was the first Members’ desert trip and the first for the purpose of seeing and studying the desert environment. In all, 33 people enjoyed what was probably one of the most rigorous trips the Garden has ever sponsored. The vegetation in two major Southwestern des- erts was examined thoroughly during the many road- side stops which were included in the trip. In New Mexico, tour members saw the bright yellow mustard commonly called bladderpod (Lesquerella gordoni) covering many acres of ground in scintillating masses that contrasted vividly with the dark olive green of the ubiquitous creosote bush (Larrea divaricata). In Arizona, there were bright patches of the orange-gold poppies (Eschscholtzia mexicana), colorful expanses of lupines (Lupinus sparsiflorus) and the spectacular raspberry lavender-colored owl clover (Orthocarpus purpurescens). As a result of the single occurrence of rain, tour members experienced the olfactory sensation of the creosote bush, which fills the air with a not unpleasant odor during each period of rainfall. The Spanish name for this shrub means “little smeller.” Another feature of the trip was the passage over two high mountain ranges. This provided a good op- portunity to witness the changes in vegetation with increasing altitude. In yet another climbing experi- ence, part of the group scrambled over large boulders & SENSE OF WONDER - Aaron Hughes of St. Louis, three years old, experiences an obvious sense of wonder during a recent workshop experiment. 4 Desert visitors trek the sands of the Southeast during recent Garden-sponsored field trip. to see specimens of the rare elephant tree (Bursera microphylla). Other stops included the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Carlsbad Caverns, National Monuments set aside for White Sands in New Mexico, and the Saguaro and organpipe cacti in Arizona. The place that drew the most enthusiastic group response was the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum east of Phoenix. This place has an incredibly beautiful natural setting and the arboretum staff provided an excellent treatment. —Ken Peck Display Guides At Library As a service to garden Members who express interest in current garden displays and are seeking more information, the Garden Library has compiled a list of relevant books. The first of these lists is approp- riate to the upcoming Japanese Garden Day on May 20 and includes: Condor, Josiah. Landscape Gardening in Ja- pan. New York: Dover Pub. Inc., 1964. SB477.J2C6 Fukuda, Kazuhiko. Japanese Stone Gardens, How to Make and Enjoy Them. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1970. SB458.F 84. Hayakawa, Masao. The Garden Art of Japan. New York: Weatherhill, 1973. SB458.H3813 Itoh, Teiji. Space and Illusion in the Japanese Garden. New York: Weatherhill, 1973. SB458.18713 Kuck, Loraine. The World of the Japanese Gar- den From Chinese Origins to Modern Landscape Art. New. York: Walker/Weatherhill, 1968. SB466.J3K82 lf Members desire additional information on Japanese Gardens and related subjects, they are welcome to consult the library’s card catalog. —Vera Maeser Garden Library Frits Went: Reflections Of The Garden Past Frits Went, Garden director from 1958 to 1963, visited the Garden recently for the first time in more than 15 years. The visit provided an appropriate point of reflection on the Garden’s most dramatic display element — the Climatron. One of Dr. Went’s long-time areas of interest and expertise was the idea of closely controlled environ- mental conditions for plant growth. Before coming to the Garden, he built a series of controlled environ- mental chambers called phytotrons, a series of rooms in which temperature, humidity and light could be regulated closely. When Dr. Went came to the Garden in 1958, one of his leading ideas was to construct the Climatron. Adapting the R. Buckminster Fuller concept concern- ing geodesic domes, he formulated a plan for a very large dome in which a range of temperature and humidity gradients could be incorporated. The basic idea was to emulate jungle conditions, and grow plants not normally grown in conservatories. That idea became the Climatron. On his recent visit here, Dr. Went reflected upon the successes and shortcomings of the Climatron. Though this tropical greenhouse was completed dur- ing his tenure in 1959, the growth of many plants was unpredictable. Dr. Went reflected upon changes in the Climat- ron and challenges that faced him at the time. Seated at the round table in the rare book room of the library, he explained his ideas using the table as a model. The principle of the various temperature gra- dients was that it was more economical to have fluc- tuating temperatures rather than to maintain a constant temperature. Accordingly, the Climatron has five groups of four fans each of which move 20 tons of air per minute from west to east. A second system used during the winter season causes heated air to be exhausted from the southern perimeter and distri- buted both east and west. The fans are controlled by a thermostat. Dr. Went carefully programmed these fans and their capacity for air movement. In concept, cool air is drawn in from the north, warmed again and recycled to the south. Ideally there would be four areas: cool days, cool nights; cool days, warm nights; warm days, warm nights; warm days, cool nights. Many trees planted in Dr. Went’s time are now gone, a necessity because they were intended to grow quickly and attain some immediate size. As some plants have grown, other plants have been re- moved. Dr. Went seemed pleased with the maturing growth in the Climatron. Dr. Went was delighted and amazed with all the new developments such as the Japanese and En- glish Woodland Gardens. He felt the Garden is just Former Garden director Frits Went, right, and Dr. Charles Huckins, the Garden's chairman of Indoor Horticulture. the right size to be toured by a visitor and was pleased to see the entire 79 acres so well utilized. When questioned concerning the principal role of botanical gardens in the world today, Dr. Went answered without hesitation — education, adding that much of this should be done by demonstrations, i.e., what agriculture means, what research ac- complishes. Dr. Went was pleased that such de- monstrations are planned for the new Visitor Center. “We need to see and demonstrate to the public how the scientist and his work fit into our daily world scene,’ he said. Plant Shop Features Bonsai As a special feature in connection with Japanese Garden Tour Day on May 20, the Plant Shop will offer bonsai for sale. Most of the specimens are small and all are intended to be grown indoors all year. Only a limited number will be offered, so come early to en- sure a good choice. 3 ing Things Within The Go Spor y, provides oval reflections of wonderland by The 1979 Spring Flower Show, held under canvas for the first time in more than a half centur night, above, and by day, below. Pa. ee _ ‘ on \ Bron Victorian fashion show, held as part © .2) .e) = 2 = © =) ~ D ™~ © & 1) o 2 ® zo ° = Cc o +2) = & = xe} ig we <4 = of the Spring Flower Show. dress during a Mediterranean Plants: Something Different For Midwest Gardens Among the many pleasures gardening provides is the successful cultivation of a new plant. The plants from Mediterranean regions fit this category because, although their native habitat is quite different from the climate of the Midwest, many can adapt to our envi- ronment. Some are annuals; others are perennials. While some may be familiar, many are not commonly culti- vated here. However, all should give great enjoyment to plant enthusiasts. There is a small garden outside the Mediterra- nean House where some of these plants are dis- played. The design is that of a rock garden, imitating the natural rock outcroppings of some Mediterranean areas. A dry wall garden displays low growing or cas- cading plants that survive with little moisture and con- fined root systems. In the spring, the garden comes alive with many bulbs, followed by perennials and summer blooming annuals. The most important cultural requirement for Mediterranean plants is good drainage. Most cannot tolerate wet feet. The addition of leaf mold or peat moss improves drainage and a balanced fertilizer applied monthly during the growing season will keep the plants in good health. They also benefit from being mulched both summer and winter. The mulch controls weeds in summer, reduces soil temperature and decreases evaporation losses. In winter, the mulch prevents heaving of the plants and insulates against the cold. There are many Mediterranean plants from which to choose for your garden, only a few of which are mentioned here. Aethionema cordifolium, candytuft, is a low- growing rock garden or edging plant. This attractive plant has blue-green foliage with light pink flower heads that appear in May. To grow it at its best, a sunny position and well limed soil are necessary. Another hardy perennial is Alchemilla vulgaris, lady’s mantle. While the leaves of this plant are bold and kidney shaped, the spring blooming flower clus- ters are delicate and airy. This strong contrast gives the illusion of two different plants growing together. The yellowish-green flowers dry well and can be used in arrangements. A very effective plant, when used in groups or in a wall, is Alyssum saxatile. The fluffy yellow flowers appear in spring and are a subtle contrast to the gray-green foliage. It, in particular, dislikes wet feet and does not tolerate snow cover very well. It is best planted in an elevated position or a raised bed. The special beauty of this plant makes it worth the extra effort. Centranthus ruber, or valerian, is planted ex- tensively in Europe but is not common here. It is easy to cultivate and tolerates light shade. This reliable 8 plant has an ultimate height of three feet. Cutting back severely in the spring promotes strong, healthy stems capable of carrying the weight of clusters of fragrant rose-colored flowers. A charming mat-forming plant from Italy is Ceras- tium tomentosum. The white woolly leaves stay on the plant all year and, in the spring, starry white flow- ers cover the plant. It can become invasive, but is easily controlled. Another mat forming plant, Herniaria glabra, or rupturewort, is effective when grown between step- ping stones or bricks. It is grown chiefly for its foliage as the flowers are not showy. Quick to cover, this prolific plant also tolerates light traffic. The foliage is evergreen and comes through the toughest of win- ters. One of the taller plants in the garden is Hesperis matronalis, commonly called sweet rocket. The three foot flower spikes on each plant can vary in color from white to lilac, making it an unusual addition to the garden. It would be hard to overlook one of the most charming garden plants, the soapwort, Saponaria ocymoides. Because it naturally cascades, it is useful in a dry wall. Dainty pink flowers cover the plant in early spring. Easily established, a large area can be covered in one season. Petrorhagia illyrica, known as tunica, comes from southern Italy. The grey-green foliage is attrac- tive when not in bloom and the tiny pink flowers are a delight. It becomes a mound of foliage in a very short time and is perfect for a dry wall garden. A number of perennials incapable of surviving our winters can be grown as annuals in our climate. They will flower and fruit in one growing season and in some cases reseed themselves. These seedlings may survive the winter in protected positions or under a heavy mulch. Several of these plants are known as everlastings, which means the flowers can be dried and used for bouquets. The flowers have papery- looking petal-like bracts even when they are fresh. The strawflower, Helichrysum bracteatum, pros- pers in St. Louis. The wide range of flower colors are clear and bright. They are easy to preserve by picking the flowers before they fully open. The stem is re- moved and florist’s wire attached to the base of the flower. It is then hung upside down until dry. A short-petaled daisy would be the best way to describe Ammobium alatum, called winged everlast- ing. Although the leaves are low-growing, the flower stems are quite tall. They have a tendency to flop over unless grown close together. Another everlasting that does well is Limonium sinuatum or statice. The foliage forms low-growing rosettes while the flower stems rise high above the leaves. They are excellent as cut flowers and come in many colors. Close planting gives the best effect. A familiar annual that comes from southern Europe is Lobularia maritima, probably known to most as sweet alyssum. This fragrant plant is a natural for the rock garden because of its cascading form. A reliable cultivar with white flowers is new car- pet of snow, but there are also pink, purple and la- vender variants. Naturally mat-forming, it should be planted in front of the border. The California poppy, Eschschoizia californica, cannot be surpassed for a dazzling display of clear golden flowers. The foliage is grey-green and feath- ery. It does not transplant easily and takes a long time to establish itself. The seed germinates readily and is best sown where it is to grow. The soil should be well prepared and kept moist through germination and seedling stages. The flowers are daisy-like and come in vibrant shades. This plant needs well-drained soil and to perform at its best, a sunny position. By the end of the summer, each plant has developed into a mound of foliage with many blooms. These are only a few of the many Mediterranean plants that can thrive in our St. Louis climate. Please accept an invitation to come and see these and others growing in their newly developed area by the Mediterranean House. Here the plants will represent to some people countries that they may never have the opportunity to visit, while to others, the plants will serve as very special reminders of distant home- lands. —June Hutson, Horticulturist Indoor Horticulture Mediterranean House, site of a small outside garden displaying unusual but highly adaptable Mediterranean plants. Climatron Shelters Endangered Species Jorreya taxifolia Growing happily in the Climatron since it was received in 1972 is a plant named Jorreya taxifolia. This interesting evergreen is now all but extinct in North America, a result of the fact that the plant grew in only a limited area. It occurred along the bluffs and ravine slopes of the east side of the Apalachicola River in Liberty and Gadsden counties, Florida; in an area close to the Georgia border in Seminole County; and in a region west of the Apalachicola River in Jackson County, Florida. So what has threatened these interesting trees? Apparently a fungal disease is the culprit. Since the trees occur in such limited geographic areas such an attack could quickly wipe out these populations. Botanists feel that this relict Florida torreya is extinct in its native habitat. The only specimens that Survive are a few under cultivation, such as the one at the Garden growing in the Climatron. This specimen was collected in the wild and sent to Ken Peck by Fred Galle of Calloway Gardens, Georgia, in September of 1972. It was grown from a cutting, planted on the lower level in the Climatron where it grows today. Except for such specimens, it would no longer be possible to see Jorreya taxifolia. 9 Gardening in St. Louis Spring should be in full swing by now, although we've had our share of ups and downs in the weather picture. After the early flowering shrubs have bloomed, they should be pruned. Cut back for shape, removing some of the older stems. Blossoms will come from this year’s new growth so pruning will en- courage that growth and better flowering next sea- son. A light pruning can follow in June. Winter dam- aged shrubs should be cut back to good wood. An application of a balanced fertilizer is also rec- ommended following pruning. Then replace mulch which will keep down weeds and help in retaining moisture. Rose Care Check rose bushes regularly for insect and dis- ease problems. When spraying or dusting, be certain to cover the underside of the leaves as well as the top. Spray again after heavy rains. If fertilizer has not been applied before, early this month is the time to do it. This will encourage flower- ing. Since this is the “Year of the Rose”, there is cer- tain to be special offerings at your local nursery or garden center plus lots of good information on rose care. Be certain to check it out. Bulb Care Early flowering bulbs should receive a good bal- anced fertilizer. This will build up the bulbs for bloom- ing next year. Mark the areas in which they are planted so that when interplanting with annuals, you will know their locations. After the leaves have been allowed to mature for three weeks after flowering, they can be removed. If you wish to move the bulbs to another location, dig up after flowering and heal into the ground in an area of the garden out of sight. Allow foliage to completely die back. Remove foliage, clean bulbs and store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area until planting time next ran. Vegetable Garden Cy ag CUCUMBER Progress should be evident in your vegetable garden. Warm weather plants such as tomatoes can be planted after May 10th. Seeds of such crops can be planted immediately. Remember to select the disease-resistant varieties. 10 Mulch the vegetable garden as soon as possible. That will make the garden accessible even in the wet- test weather, will keep weeds down and retain mois- ture. Add more mulch as the season progresses. House Plants Indoor plants can be moved outside after harden- ing them off gradually. Place in a protected spot for a few days before moving them to their permanent summer positions. The pots can be sunk into the border, placed in a semi-shaded area. Check for insects and disease and don’t forget to water since pots dry out quickly on warm days. Now is the time to plant tubs, containers and hanging baskets. For extra color, try pots of seed geraniums which will bloom all summer. Petunias will cascade from hanging baskets and provide instant spots of color. A large tub with several kinds of herbs will provide the kitchen with fresh herbs. There are several varieties of tomatoes developed especially for container culture if you don’t have space for a veget- able garden or just want a few plants. Annuals in containers provide portable color. If you're entertaining for a backyard barbeque, you can move containers to create the desired effect for the evening. Use your imagination to create new combi- nations. —Barbara B. Pesch Glade/Cave Trip Set For Arboretum A glade and cave study trip will be sponsored by the Shaw Arboretum on June 2 and 3. The trip is similar in spirit and format to the successful prairie, St. Francois Mountains and Mingo Swamp trips or- ganized previously by the Arboretum. The Ozark Underground Laboratory, a private research and educational facility, will be toured with the director of the Laboratory. Participants will walk several miles, but no strenuous climbing is involved. The Sunday tour schedule includes a visit to Hercules Glades, a 20-square-mile area dotted with hundreds of limestone glades. This area was recently designated a National Wilderness Area. Jon Hawker, Associate Professor of Biology at Meramec Community College, will be guest naturalist, and Bob Rundquist of the Arboretum staff, tour organizer. Fee includes motel, transportation by bus and all meals except Saturday dinner. Garden Members: $45.00/person (double occupancy); $50.00 (single). Nonmembers: $51.00 (double); $56.00 (single). For registration and further information, please call 772-7600, extension 81. Tours For Members Cariboos By ‘Copter’ “Canadian Cariboos by ’Copter” is a nine-day tour “experience” that promises to cram more high mountain sightseeing and more excitement and plea- Sure in it than any summer vacation ever planned. The ride from Calgary to the storybook village of Banff, the majestic setting of Chateau Lake Louise, the Athabasca Glacier, your stay at luxurious Jasper Park Lodge — all are part of the build-up to the piéce de resistance, the Cariboo experience. The Cariboo range consists of a remote group of mountains in the Canadian Rockies that is virtually unreachable by any means of transport other than helicopter. Until last year these beautiful, unspoiled peaks and valleys were the exclusive province of ski- ing afficionados. The base of operations is the Cariboo Lodge, a hand-crafted work of art that is more than adequate for 40 guests. From here tour members will be taken by a jet- powered helicopter to the summit of one of the most awe-inspiring mountain peaks in North America. Tour members will disembark on virgin terrain (accom- panied by an experienced mountain guide) where the only sounds are the sounds of nature. Unlike other mountain activities that require physical conditioning and ability, helicopter mountain trekking is for persons of virtually all ages. Participation can be as active or passive as desired, provided the tour member can board and exit the aircraft via two 20” steps. For further information, please call the Members’ Office at 772-7600, extension 25. Winterthur Winterthur, a four-day trip highlighted by a private tour of the DuPont estate, will be sponsored by the Tower Grove House Historical Committee. Winterthur contains a unique collection of Ameri- can furniture, silver and art objects that date from 1640 to 1840. In addition, the tour will include houses in Germantown, Fairmount Park in Philadelphia and “Andalusia” in Bucks County. The trip is scheduled for September 14-16. Please call Mrs. Jane Coultas, 773-9000, for further information. The Emerald Isle The Garden invites its Members to sign up for an eight-day Ireland Castle and Garden Tour, September 20 through September 28, 1979. Call the Members’ Office, 772-7600, extension 25, for additional informa- tion. Plant Society To Be Formed There is a new society in the formative stages for anyone interested in Missouri's native flora. An or- ganizational meeting will be held in mid-May which will be open to all who think they might like to partici- pate. For further details, please contact Rick Daley at the Garden, 772-7600, or Jim Wilson, Missouri De- partment of Conservation, 314/751-4115. Rose Evening Schedule a Rose Evening at the Garden and enjoy these flowers in all their splendor on Friday, June 1, from 5 to 7:30 p.m. Sponsors for the evening will be Chrysler/Plymouth South. This special eve- ning is for Members and their guests. Calendar of Events May 6 Wildflower Workshop 2-4 p.m. English Woodland Garden May 13 Mother’s Day 9 a.m.-6 p.m. “Wednesday Jazz Lab Band” May 19-20 St. Louis Horticultural Society Show 2-5 p.m. Saturday 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Sunday John S. Lehmann Building May 20 Japanese Garden Tour Day Free public tours 1, 2 and 3 p.m. from Visitor's Entrance MEMBERSHIP — MAY 1979 INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS — = Mr./Mrs. James H. Grove Dr. Earl S. Hallinger MARCH 1979 Miss Ann Hubel Mr./Mrs. Floyd F. Lewis SPONSORING Mr. Hugh S. Mosher Mrs. Hilda Voss Miss Wilma Mueller SUSTAINING Miss Margaret Nettleship Mr. Robert F. Brown Dr./Mrs. David M. Kipnis Mr./Mrs. F. H. Piepmeier Mr. Raymond J. Siebert CONTRIBUTING Mrs. William S. Bedal Mr. Anthony M. Bommarito Mr./Mrs. Sidney N. Brilliant Mr. David M. Culver Mr./Mrs. H. D. Day Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward L. O'Neill Mrs. M. E. Robinson Mrs. Roy Schoeing Mr. C. T. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Wolk NEW MEMBERSHIP — MARCH 1979 REGULAR Mr./Mrs. William Milton Bahr Mr./Mrs. S. Eric Baldini Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours 11 Mr./Mrs. L. T. Baldwin, Jr. Mr. Herbert B. Battles Mr./Mrs. Bellinger Mr./Mrs. Arthur H. Bender Mr./Mrs. E. Berkey Mr./Mrs. Alan S. Bestall Mr./Mrs. Kenneth A. Black Mr./Mrs. Andrew A. Blanchard Miss Sandra Brown Mr./Mrs. John J. Buritsch Ms. Maria Caras Rev./Mrs. Wayne H. Carlson Mr. William F. Cassano Mr. E. G. Chaves Mr./Mrs. John R. Ciecko Mr. Charles A. Clagg Mr./Mrs. Lloyd F. Clay Mr./Mrs. Robert Comerford Ms. Sandra Copple Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Crowell Mr. Bertram B. Culver Ill Ms. Sharon R. Dashall Mrs. Bette DeBernard Mr. Bowen Delevett Mr./Mrs. J. Allen F. Delevett, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wallene R. Derby Mrs. Richard Diemer Mr. Marion Dorffi Mr./Mrs. Russell Eggemeyer Mr./Mrs. Dale W. Ehlers Mr./Mrs. Albert Fitzgerald Mr./Mrs. Ray H. Freeark Miss Betty Fuchs Mr./Mrs. Charles H. Garrison Ms. Joan Greenberg Mr. William F. Grey Mr. Galen Gritts Mr./Mrs. Robert Groenaman Mr. Robert C. Haegg Mr./Mrs. Edward Heine Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Herleth Mrs. B. L. Hewitt Mr./Mrs. Mark B. Hillis Mr./Mrs. Gerald C. Hurt Mr./Mrs. Keith Isenberg Dr. Ann Johanson Mr. Aaron Jonan Mr./Mrs. Paul Korklan Mr./Mrs. Ben E. Kowing Ms. Mildred Lammi Mr. Harvey Leavitt Mr. Louis L. Link Mr. Ray Litzau Mrs. Carola Margraf Mr./Mrs. Jay Marsden Dr./Mrs. S. Mauch, Jr. Ms. Vonnie Maynard Mrs. Mildred B. Mazanec Mr./Mrs. Geoffrey P. McHugh Mrs. Oliver McKee Rev. David & Martha Mehl Mr./Mrs. Norman G. Messinger Miss Wilma M. Metzger Mr./Mrs. Stanley Miedich Ms. Lucy Miller Mr./Mrs. George Mills Mr. Michael Mitchell Ms. Susan Murray Mr. Michael J. Nichols Ms. Beverly F. Notch Mr./Mrs. Clifford Owens Ms. Sheryl Palan Mr./Mrs. John C. Palecek Mrs. Sydell Pollack Dr./Mrs. Heschel J. Raska Ms. Donna M. Reinneck Mr./Mrs. Glenn C. Rennaux Mr. H. Wayne Renz Mr./Mrs. Daniel E. Richardson Mr./Mrs. Frederick D. Roberts Ms. Jacelyn M. Robey Ms. Deborah M. Rogers Mr./Mrs. J. Stephen Rudolph Mr./Mrs. Stanley E. Rupe Ms. Gisele Sarosy Mr./Mrs. Philip J. Schmitt Miss Rose Marie Schoenhoefer Mr./Mrs. Patrick E. Schooling Ms. Sondra M. Seiler Mr./Mrs. Norbert J. Sevem Mr. James R. Shaw Mr./Mrs. Melvin T. Shoptaw Mr./Mrs. Peter L. Siebert Mr./Mrs. Charles Sincox Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Skokut Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Smith Mr./Mrs. George D. Smith Mr./Mrs. Lyle C. Smith Mr. William J. Snyder Mr./Mrs. Orville Spreen Mrs. Florence L. Stein Mr. Alan T. Stentz Dr./Mrs. Gregory Storch Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Sullivan Mr./Mrs. David Themes Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Thorson Mr./Mrs. Walter Thulin Mr./Mrs. Tommy Tolbert Ms. Judith Versen Mr./Mrs. George K. Vogt Ms. Geraldine Waldrop Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Washington Mr./Mrs. George C. Weis Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Westphal Miss Ann Zotos Mr./Mrs. Albert W. Zub MARCH TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Manne Coppersmiths’ Special Anniversary Joe and Ruth Pollak In Honor of Mrs. Alice Pettersson Mr./Mrs. H. A. Edwall In Honor of Mrs. Elmore M. Putney’s Very Special Birthday Meade and Josephine Summers In Honor of Mrs. William Schield’s Birthday Mrs. Landon Y. Jones In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Jos. H. Schweich, Jr.’s 45th Wedding Anniversary Jewel and Harold In Honor of Tower Grove House Mrs. Wm. J. Pfeiffer and Family In Honor of Al and Arline Wunderlick’s 45th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman In Memory of Mrs. William S. Anheuser Dorothy Becker Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of John Gamble Burton Stuart M. Mertz In Memory of Mr. Donald W. Bush, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Wm. R. Victor In Memory of Dr. C. Gene D’Oench Alexander and Elizabeth Bakewell Mr. and Mrs. C. Calvin Christy In Memory of Mrs. Robert Elliott Mr./Mrs. M. Alexander Jones In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Fernleaf Allan and Marjorie Booth In Memory of Mrs. Lena Fitzpatrick Peggy and LeRoy Erickson In Memory of Francis Griesedieck St. Louis Horticultural Society In Memory of Mr. John Hayward Mr./Mrs. J. H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Florence Brooks Hickok Mrs. Paul Bakewell, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Daisy B. Jacobs St. Louis County Health Dept. Employees In Memory of Claude Johnston Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Ed Keefe Tom and Marie In Memory of Mrs. Paul Kohl Miss Virginia Rosenmeyer In Memory of Ella Pavelka Mr./Mrs. Elmer L. Boehm Evelyn Leopold Town and Country Garden Club In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Ed. R. Roesler Mildred W. Ryan In Memory of Carl H. Schlopp Mr./Mrs. Dustin H. Griffin Mrs. Henry C. Reiner In Memory of George Drake Scott Alexander and Elizabeth Bakewell In Memory of Father Byron Simon Lester and Jody Rosenblatt In Memory of Mrs. Beulah S. Smith Mr./Mrs. James N. Bradley Mr./Mrs. C. A. Courtney Mrs. Fred Curry Mr./Mrs. Robert Doddridge, Jr. Harold Goodman Mrs. Lee P. Hatfield, Jr. Jack H. Hipps J. M. S. Trucking Co. J. R. R. W. Transport Emil A. Kietzmann Marceline and Ralph Mrs. C. C. McGennis Milac Sales Co. Virginia S. Perkins Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Peterson Mrs. Janice Pope James S. Roth E. N. Sanford Noble V. Smith Mr. J. M. Swank J. M. Swank Co. Wayne Toothman Rowland Turner Mrs. Elizabeth Wadlow Wallace and Betty Williams In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Thake Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Frank Kroll Miss Beatrice Thake Mr./Mrs. Emil O. Thoma Mrs. H. P. Saussele, Sr. In Memory of Mrs. Margaret Waturston Mrs. Jos. H. Harper MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (USPS 354-860) 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin June is rose month. For a “how-to” look; see Page 3. The Pitzman Program: A ‘Natural’ For Summer Summertime in St. Louis means carefree days to enjoy the warm sun, afternoons spent in the company of friends and a whole new variety of creative pastimes. One of these is the Pitzman Nature Pro- gram, which has been bringing out-of-door learning experiences to St. Louis youngsters for 23 years. This summer's activities at the Garden and the Shaw Ar- boretum range from planting a miniature garden of insect-eating plants to an overnight nature trek in the tradition of John Muir. Programs for youngsters aged four through 16 begin in mid-June and continue through July. Look over the program, then call the Garden, 772-7600, extension 54, for more information and registration forms. At Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit e Sense of Wonder — A natural awareness experience for children aged four through eight with their parents. Session |: June 11-15 Session Il: June 25-29 Time: 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Friday; 6 to 9 picnic supper. e Muir Trek — A two-day, two-night, relaxed trek through the Ar- boretum focusing on the complexity and flow of nature. Ages 12 through 16. Session I: July 10-12 Session Il: July 24-26 Time: 8 p.m. Tuesday to 5 p.m. Thursday (Continued on Page 2) » Instructors and young participants gather around and get close to the earth during one of last year’s Pitzman _ Nature Program sessions at the Shaw Arboretum. The development of natural awareness is one goal of the summer-long Program. Volume LXVII Number 6 June 1979 PITZMAN PROGRAM (Continued from Page 1) e Natural Awareness — Small groups will venture along the Meramec River, participate in personal “Magic Spots,” and make natural crafts. Session |: July 17-21 Session II: July 31-August 4 Time: 8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. Tuesday-Friday 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday e Missouri Botanical Garden One Day Events — Come any day or all three, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Ages eight through 16. 1. Fruits, Flowers and Seeds — Flower arranging leads to a fruit treasure hunt, and the eventual sow- ing of seeds collected around the Garden. July 2 or July 17. 2. A Trip to Japan — A time to get acquainted with the Japanese Garden and some of the nature- related arts of the Orient. July 3 or July 18. 3. Miniature Landscapes — A day of observing micro-environments ends in planting two mini- gardens to take home. July 5 or July 19. e Japanese Summer — A special week for participating in and learning about the Japanese Garden and the culture that created it. Ages 10 through 12. July 9-13. e Green Machine — Five days of exploring plant life around the world as it can be seen at the Garden; and everyone will pick up some gardening skills along the way. Ages eight through 16. July 23-27. A ‘Thank You’ To Members The staff of the Garden Plant Shop wishes to thank members for their tremendous support of the plant sale in April. Since this event was a “first”, we have all learned a great deal. Next year’s sale will be better because of the experience. The special offering this month will be golden barrel cactus. Available in four-inch pots, this popular cactus is usually quite expensive. However, the small size of these specimens places the sale price in a reasonable range. Cactus lovers can add several to their collection. Tower Grove House News Final details are available for the September 13-16 Winterthur trip. Call 773-9000 for information. * * * Volunteers are needed for Tower Grove House Tea Room. Hours are 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday. Please call Mrs. Jane Coultas at 773-9000 for further details. 95 lreland Tour Includes Touch Of Orient Just prior to 1900, Col. William Hall-Walker pur- chased the land at Tully, Ireland, and came to reside at Tully House. By 1915 he had established Tully as a stud farm of international renown and the home of the Japanese gardens. The gardens were designed to portray symbolically the life of man from childhood to old age. For those who may be contemplating taking the Garden's Ireland tour, the story of Col. Hall-Walker should hold some interest. Col. Hall-Walker’s decision to build the Japanese garden at Tully was no doubt the result of his interest in botany and the influence of his many trips to Japan. To design and supervise the construction of the gar- dens on a swampy site where the natural springs were ideal for adaptation, he sent for the Japanese landscape designer, Tassa Eida. Mr. Eida took resi- dence at Curragh House where he undertook the task of constructing the gardens with the help of some 40 local men. Their task took four years before comple- tion in 1910. Hundreds of tons of rock were trans- ported by horse and cart from many miles away and carefully laid in place. Almost fully grown pine trees were transplanted from a local bogland to seemingly impossible positions on the rock in the gardens, where they stand today as witness to the Japanese mastery over plant life. A wishing well was sunk; waterfalls and pools of crystal-clear water were made; a Geisha house, sent in sections from Japan, was erected; stone images and works of art, trees and shrubs including many ancient Bonsai, came to find their home in an Irish setting. In addition to this lovely Japanese garden, mem- bers of the Garden tour to Ireland, September 20 through September 28, will have the opportunity to visit and stroll within the other Irish gardens that have brought much pleasure to garden lovers from all over the world. Alan Godlewski, Chairman of the Landscape Horticulture Department, will be the Garden escort. For further information, please call the Members’ Office at 772-7600, extension 25. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Rose Culture: Tis The Season The seemingly endless, chilling winters of St. Louis have one advantage: they give all rose garden- ers a chance to catch their breath, relax and rid their bodies of those awful backaches and pains developed from the previous season—at least for a little while. However, even more important, these spare moments give each gardener a perfect opportunity to plan and coordinate his efforts for the upcoming grow- ing season. All of our winter tasks (i.e. mulching, prun- ing) are behind us now, and indeed, there is much for which to prepare: designing new beds, discovering new cultivars and outlining spraying schedules. By the time all these mental preparations have been ac- complished, winter is usually just ending and soon our thoughts will become reality as we apply them outside in the rose garden. Spellbinder, 1975 Rose of the Year, Pink/Ivory hybrid tea. It should be stressed that timing and sequence of spring events is very important when considering spring rose culture. One of the most common ques- tions asked during this busy season is what to do and when. Of course, by now your rose plants should be well on the way to their first flush of bloom, which usually occurs between May 25 and June 5. However, for those who have neglected their garden until now, please go prune! This should be the first priority on your list and should be completed as soon as possible during early spring (March 20 to April 1). Just remove winter mulch and start cutting. There is an important reason for finishing this task early. New succulent growth arrives around mid to late April. By waiting until this growth appears, you take the chance of breaking the tender developing canes, thus delaying the maturation of the bush. Also, vision is severely impaired as the foliage ensues, and after April it is very difficult to see where and what you are pruning. So, good luck to those who haven't Started yet! Once pruning has been completed, the next task is feeding. Depending on the weather, the size of your rose garden and various other factors, feeding should begin around April 5-10 in the St. Louis area. Another common question is: which fertilizer do | use? Most gardeners use chemical fertilizers, compounded to provide all the nutrients the plants need, because they are very accessible. In general, the average rose gardener would do best using a slow releasing fer- tilizer. All points taken into consideration, it is the easiest, most efficient material to use for quality results. And, even though such products cost more per pound than most other conventional fertilizers (i.e. 9-10-5, 5-15-5), only one feeding per growing season is required, thus drastically trimming the time and labor spent. Remember, during this busiest of seasons, every minute saved can be useful in some other aspect of rose culture. The methodology in the application of the fertilizer is largely a matter of convenience. Some methods are extremely sophisticated and require special equipment which most people cannot afford. However, all that is necessary is that the fertilizer be distributed uniformly. An efficient method that might be employed is to simply dig four holes evenly around every plant, each hole being approximately four inches deep. Divide the recommended amount of fer- tilizer into four parts, applying one part to each hole, and then fill in the holes. In addition to feeding, this also aerates the soil. Keep in mind that it is unwise to delay in planting new, bare-root roses. If you cannot plant them within a couple of days, protect them by heeling them in until you can do so. No matter how carefully your roses have been planted and fertilized, the plants cannot produce blooms unless they have an adequate supply of mois- ture to keep them actively growing. This need will continue even after the plants are well established. Usually, water is the element in short supply rather than fertilizer, and unless moisture is present, the food cannot be assimilated by the plants. It is easy to see, for example, that the flush of bloom in both spring and fall coincides with the spring and fall rains, when there is adequate moisture in the soil. There- fore, a watering schedule should be incorporated as soon as feeding has been completed and continued throughout the growing season. In addition to initiating a watering schedule, it is imperative that a spraying schedule also be intro- duced as leaves break out in late April. Regular atten- tion with either sprays or dusts will keep healthy roses healthy. The key words to remember are ‘regular at- tention.’ You cannot wait until roses are covered with fungi or insects before inaugurating a program. Suc- cessful control of such pests is only beneficial if pre- vention is practiced. —Glenn Williams Rosarian 2 A Special Month For Special Events June is the month that the roses bloom and the earth seems to produce everything in abundance. To celebrate these glorious days, a number of special events at the Garden have been planned. One spe- cial day is planned with children the focus of attention. There will be a wide range of entertainment from sail- boat races in the lily ponds to children’s theatre. Spe- cial tours of the Japanese Garden and Climatron will be scheduled throughout the day. Workshops will cover the transplanting of seedlings and artistic brush painting — both given by members of the Garden's education department. The events will take place during regular Garden hours. A schedule of special events will be available at the gate. To celebrate the regal rose, two evenings have been set aside — June 15 and 16 from 6 to 8 p.m. In addition to the rose gardens, the Climatron, Lin- naean, Desert and Mediterranean Houses will be open. The sounds of light classical music will fill the air and refreshments will be available. June 17 should be circled on your calendar if you have rose care problems or questions. A Garden rosarian will demonstrate rose care techniques and answer questions. Place: Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden; time 2 to 4 p.m. Celebrate the Summer Solstice, June 21, from 7 to 10 p.m. This evening gala will feature the Garden pathways by torch light, candlelight tours of Tower Grove House, carriage rides and tethered hot air bal- loon ascensions. Musical entertainment will be pro- vided by a barber shop quartet and strolling mu- sicians. Refreshments include complimentary hors d'oeuvres and wine for a small charge. A family event will take place June 24 from 1 to 4 p.m. Bring the family to the Garden for entertainment and enjoy ice cream from Velvet Freeze. Bob Kramer’s Marionettes will perform at 1:30 and 3 p.m. Enjoy June even more by participating in one or more of the special events being offered this month. 4 Dr. Frans A. Stafleu, left, of Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Dr. Richard S. Cowan, Smithsonian Institution, have used the Garden library for taxonomic research in preparing their five-volume text, Taxonomic Literature. Volume Two of the work, termed “TL2”, will be published on June 117. ‘The Garden Party’ If you enjoyed the Picnic at the Garden last year, we have another special event planned — “The Gar- den Party” on Saturday, September 8, sponsored by Stix, Baer & Fuller. Entertainment will be presented throughout the Garden grounds during the cocktail hour, followed by a gourmet picnic supper served in the festively decorated tent. After dinner, guests will dance to the big band sounds of the Gateway City Big Band. Tickets are $60.00 per couple for Members and $75.00 per couple for non-Members. Proceeds from this benefit will go towards the purchase of the Gar- den’s new tent, now being utilized to house the flower shows in the absence of the Floral Display House. For an evening to remember, circle September 8 on your calendar today. Gate Shop Features Summer Selections The Garden Gate Shop has new merchandise which will provide unique gifts for special friends as well as fresh additions for your own home. New features include Kosta Boda china in the botanic garden and birds of Britain patterns. The china and cache pots make excellent gifts. A variety of tea is featured as well, with all the appurtenances needed — tea pots, cozies, strainers, cups. The Complete Book of Gardening, edited by John Elsley, is available in the outstanding collection of gardening books at the Gate Shop. John will be on hand June 23 and 24; between 1 and 3 p.m., to auto- graph copies and answer questions. Prints of Trelease’s delphinium are on sale at $10 each. Don't forget that the Garden Gate Shop will gift wrap and mail purchases for a small fee. Stop in and see all the new selections. Dr. steere’s Visit a Library’s Role aoe LO peeled ye ye a Dr. William Campbell Steere, right, president emeritus of the New York Botanical Garden, is greeted during a recent St. Louis visit by Dr. Paul Redfearn, author, professor of biology at Southwest Missouri State University and mayor of Springfield, Mo. The Garden library purchased Dr. Steere’s outstanding personal library of works on mosses and liverworts in 1977. On April 19, the Garden was privileged to host a visit from Dr. William Campbell Steere, president emeritus of the New York Botanical Garden, and Mrs. Steere. Dr. Steere was here to present a seminar to the Garden's research staff and graduate students on Brian Kennedy, probably the youngest library volunteer in Garden history, demonstrates use of the library's new OCLC data base terminal. the distribution of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and their relatives) in the Canadian and Alaskan Arc- tic. During the visit, Dr. Steere also spent time examin- ing the moss herbarium and touring the Garden's outstanding research library. Dr. Steere’s interest in the Garden library dates to December, 1977, when the Garden was fortunate enough to be able to purchase from Dr. Steere his outstanding personal library of works on mosses and liverworts. Included in Dr. Steere’s library were nearly 1,000 bound volumes, some 6,000 individual papers and a large collection of periodicals on his specialty. Acquisition of the Steere Collection has given the Garden one of the finest research collections of bryological literature available anywhere in the country. For the past several months, members of the library staff have been concentrating upon cataloging the books from the Steere Library, a project now 99 per cent complete. As part of the cataloging proce- dure, records for each book were entered into the OCLC data base, a national computerized cataloging network of some 1,800 research libraries. Any OCLC member library can now use the Garden's cataloging records to catalog its own collections, or to borrow materials from the Garden's library for use by its pa- trons. Support for this venture has come in part from the Sunnen Foundation and the U.S. Office of Educa- tion’s Office of Libraries and Learning Resources. Many of Dr. Steere’s books were repaired, rebound or restored once cataloging of them was completed. The library's in-house bindery has provided the exper- tise to return these publications to proper physical condition. Financial assistance was provided by CAMELOT. The Merry Month Of May, NEW OFFICERS — Newly elected officers of the Executive Board of the Members are, from left, Mrs. Donald R. Steffan, secretary; Mrs. O. Alexander Kerckhoff, Jr, first vice president; Mrs. Willard L. Levy, treasurer; Mrs. Eugene N. Reese, second vice president; and Mrs. Robert H. Kittner, president. TOUR GUIDES TOUR — Dr. Peter H. Raven, right, Garden director, conducts members of the Garden Tour Guides on a tour of the English Woodland Garden. ae es A ills yee ani ste + Sa ne He = ap a ee ‘ . So ‘ ws Bs ASS EMPIRE LOOK — Mrs. John Matthews, a representative of the Daughters of the British Empire of Missouri, relaxes upon one of several new benches donated by the organization for the English Woodland Garden. Iden-style: af ARBORETUM DAY for Members, held recently at the Shaw Arboretum, attracted a large crowd for a day-long program of education, picnicking and simple enjoyment of the outdoors. 7% ee , mk ‘ ha inde Pe ey ae 4 Wy 2 ; Py a oe - : . OC De rt * : s ~*~ ‘ 2 AA oe eS ties eh my t é , . rst AM ae . as . ae y tog, ch oe A ae & ¥ ih ~ shy we. ere ae a a Re hie PLATES Pa Gardening in St. Louis June is the month of the rose — queen of garden flowers — and if rose gardeners have done their homework, flowers should be in evidence everywhere. What roses demand, of course, is atten- tion. Keep up a regular spray program for your roses to control mildew and black spot. Heavy rains neces- sitate another spraying. Cultivate the soil around the base of the bushes lightly and apply fertilizer. Remove spent flowers, cutting back to the first five-parted leaf. Do not allow roses to go to seed. Watering Among the many tasks for the busy gardener this month is likely to be watering. When this task becomes necessary due to lack of rain, water well — equal to about two inches of rain. Place a can in the sprinkler path to check the amount of water. With a thorough watering, this task will not have to be repeated for 10 days to two weeks. Light, frequent sprinklings are more damaging than beneficial. Early morning is a good time to water so that plants dry off before evening sets in. This is also a good time of day to spray for insect and disease con- trol before temperatures get too high. Spraying can be done in the early evening if there is enough time for them to dry off before night sets in. Annuals and Perennials Annuals still can be planted in borders and beds for color. Keep in mind that it is delightful to have flowers to cut for the house. Many annuals and per- ennials make excellent flowers for cutting and for dry- ing as well. Pinch annuals to keep bushy. When planting seedlings, water well with a dilute fertilizer. Transplanting on a cloudy day will minimize the shock. Protect from full sun for a few days. Chrysanthemums can be divided now. Pinch back to insure bushiness. Oriental poppies and bleed- ing hearts can also be transplanted now. Dig up roots, keeping them intact. Cut two-to three-inch sections and plant to a depth of an inch. New plants will flower next year. Gladiolus can be planted at two week intervals into early July for extended flowering. Glads may Rg need to be staked to prevent being knocked over by the wind. Other tall plants require staking as well. Vegetable Garden While you are enjoying the early fruits of your garden, plant now for yield later on. If you plant close to crops that are about to mature, you will make the best use of space. You can still plant tomatoes, cucumbers, beans and squash. Watch for insects and disease problems and institute a spraying program as soon as problems arise. Water as needed, remember- ing to water well. Keep adding mulch which will help conserve moisture. House Plants If house plants haven't been moved outside, they should be moved now. There is nothing more benefi- cial than a summer spent outside with good light and air circulation. Watch for insect and disease problems and treat before they become serious. Keep up a program of feeding with a balanced fertilizer. Pinch back to control shape and encourage fullness. If plants are kept inside, keep out of drafts from air conditioners. Fertilize on a regular basis. Lawn Care Mowing should be done on a weekly basis. When watering, do it well, as indicated earlier. If weeds were not controlled last month, now is the time to apply weedkiller. Care should be taken that the spray does not drift to other cultivated plants. Do not use sprayer for other uses as it is almost impossible to remove all traces of the weedkiller. Don’t cut the lawn for about three days after spraying. June is such a lovely month. Take time out from all the gardening chores to enjoy this special month of the year. —Barbara B. Pesch Calendar of Events June 4-29 Photography Exhibit 8:30 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday-Friday Lobby, John S. Lehmann Building Children’s Day 9 a.m.-6 p.m. June 10 June 15, 16 Evening Rose Celebrations 6-8 p.m. Rose Gardens, Climatron, Linnaean, Desert and Mediterranean Houses Rose Care Demonstration 2-4 p.m. Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden June 17 June 21 Summer Solstice Party 7-10 p.m. Ice Cream Social 1-4 p.m. June 24 ICP Exhibit Set For June 4-29 Botany and photography are the subject of the ICP exhibit set for the John S. Lehmann Building in June. Photo above, by Rev. llene Weber, was taken in the Garden last year. During the month of June, an exhibit of nature photography will be on display in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building. Sponsored by the Image Center for Photography, a local non-profit corporation promoting increased awareness of photography, the exhibit will feature color and black and white images by local photographers. Like previous Image Center exhibits in this area, this show assembles a wide variety of styles and techniques used by photographers today. Few of the Image Center’s members are profes- sional photographers, but their work shows the thought, artistic vision and technical control of dedi- cated amateurs. Participants in this exhibit range from a salesman to a social worker, like Rev. llene Weber, whose image, shown here, was taken in the Garden last year. The exhibit, scheduled to open on Monday, June 4 and close on Friday, June 29, will be on view be- tween 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays. In addition to exhibits of local and nationally- known photographers, the ICP presents monthly photographic lectures for the community as part of its program. Hoping to be a forum for the exchange of ideas and information on the art of photography, the ICP considers education a large part of its purpose. Garden Week at West Port West Port Plaza will feature the Garden in a spe- cial event set for June 25 through July 1, 1979. The week will include free lecture/ demonstrations by Garden staff members, Monday through Friday at 12:30 p.m. in the Plaza fountain area. There will be a plant sale featuring plants from the Plant Shop. Special coupons will be given to West Port Plaza customers which can be redeemed for Garden premiums. An answerman booth will be staffed by Answermen and John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. The booth will be open daily from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. to answer gardener’s questions. Rose Resources As a service to Garden members interested in roses, and in conjunction with the Evening Rose Celebration, the Garden library has compiled a list of books relating to roses. This list includes: Le Grice, Edward Burton, Rose Growing Complete. London: Faber, 1976. “H’SB411.L423 1976. Seymour, Jacqueline, Roses. New York: Cres- cent Books, 1978. “H’SB411.S4 1978. Hessayon, David Gerald and Harry Wheatcroft, Be Your Own Rose Expert. Waltham Croso Herto Eng.: Pan Britannica, 1972. “H"SB41.H47. Edland, Henry, The Pocket Encyclopedia of Roses in Colour. London: Blandford Press, 1966. “H"SB411.E27 1966. Fairbrother, Fred, Roses. London: G. Bles, 1970. “H"SB411.F35. Park, Bertram, The World of Roses. New York: Dutton & Co., 1962. “H’SB411.P262 1962. For further information please consult the li- brary’s card catalog. ae re ss SAY ef Rl en 4\F ns OTT ae he oe tl ee a ee e 7% & 4: ' ; ‘ 4 a L t 4 “* : a és 4 F: te j te : P : ; j 4 : - . 2 Pe tes ¥ Nae | _ “ iin all ‘ 2, & en Harrisia jusbertii, moon cactus, among the varieties on display in the Desert House during the Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show. Natural History Walk Louis G. Brenner, center, is the naturalist-in-charge during one of the recent Natural History Walks sponsored by the Garden at the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. Six such programs were held in May and June, utilizing the Arboretum’s extensive trail system and guided by selected guest naturalists from the St. Louis area. Garden Gate For summer Shopping The Garden Gate Shop can help you through the summer with refreshing items for pool, patio and bar- becue, as well as unique paraphernalia to brighten your home. Try a Chinese lacquer umbrella for sun, a New York Botanic Garden umbrella for rain or a multi- colored umbrella hat for gardening or golf. A stylish new sun visor might improve your tennis game and indoor sports can cool down with any one of a variety of fans, a la the 1904 World's Fair. As your garden grows, the Garden Gate Shop can provide you with the latest book on canning or preserving produce and drying flowers. We also have a new line of flower preservative called the Cherish Line, a nice idea for turning a bridal bouquet into a family heirloom. The cool look of crystal and glass is a relief on hot July days and our crystal bud vases and glass candlesticks are a perfect complement to cold sum- mer suppers. A crystal pitcher is a wonderful wedding gift, as is our new “sweets'n flowers vase’, a striking combina- tion bud vase and candy dish. Ask to see the “root plant bloom”, a gift box of three small glass vases just right for water-growers, cuttings or one perfect rose. When you think of summer entertaining, wed- dings, birthdays or anniversaries, think of the Garden Gate Shop, open from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m. seven days a week. 5 <0 aft ~ eee hi oy ‘4 _ ee mh “ nt S - Garden People, Garden Evens, : GARDEN PARTY CHAIRMEN — J. Arthur Baer Il and Mrs. Eugene M. Reese, center, have been named co-chairmen of “The Garden Party”, a gala fund-raising spectacular set for the Garden on Saturday, Sept. 8. At left is Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director; at right is Carrick A. Hill, chairman of Stix, Baer & Fuller, which is sponsoring the event. 40-YEAR MAN -— Al Trentman, a member of the Garden's indoor horticulture staff, completed 40 years of service to the Garden in June LEGISLATOR'S DAY — Members of the Missouri Legis/ature paid t The Garden salutes Mr. Trentman for his many years of dedication, May. Strolling near the Japanese Garden are, from left, Rick Daley energy and contribution to the Missouri Botanical Garden. State Sen. John Schneider; and State Rep. Joe Holt 6 ng/Summer '79 ~- SWEDISH GIFT — Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross, left, a member of the Garden Board of Trustees, accepts contribution from the St. Louis Swedish Council for the Renovation of the Linnaean House. On hand to participate in the ceremony were Mrs. Lilian Morath, right, Council president, and Don Oscarson, honorary Swedish vice consul in St. Louis. The occasion for the presentation was the birthday of Swedish botanist Carl Linneaus, celebrated suitably and appropriately at the Garden with a birthday cake, below. — > eta B Cs — ce —> ~ 7 = = SS = SS = Ls a. 7. ~ og :E Sager a ~ “daw sae ¥ > = cS a. WL = SE ee ATE “SE Se DS ~ s ” r% 4 _— te ~ \ id VV, bib. ” ¢ ry & e a ia J* : » Y We | it during Legislators’ Day in staff; Mrs. John Schneider; a . KS A SRB AE ORTI ei 5 lee 7 Gardening in St. Louis EN NTSC SE The fruits of the past months labors should be evident this month. Herbaceous borders should be a riot of color; hedges, trees and shrubs a verdant green; roses blooming in progression; and vegetable gardens yielding their abundant harvest. Take time to enjoy your private spaces with a backyard barbeque or a few hours with a good book. Continue to check roses for insect infestations and blackspot. Spray after watering or heavy rains. Continue to feed roses until early August. Remove faded flowers. Lawns, borders and gardens may need watering. When doing so, water well, the equivalent of two inches of rain. Maintain a regular watering program as needed. Add more mulch to that applied earlier. As the mulch breaks down, it adds nutrients to the soil and in addition keeps down weeds and reduces soil temper- ature. Mulches are especially important around azaleas and rhododendrons which are acid loving and shallow rooted. This is a good time to prune trees and shrubs. Remove weak or damaged branches, open up inter- ior of trees for better air circulation. Evergreen hedges can be trimmed as well. Be certain that your pruning equipment is sharp. There are few things worse than clippers that cut halfway through the branches. Annuals used as bedding plants should be cut back in August. An application of fertilizer at this time will bring them back to full vigor. Remove flowers as they fade. VEGETABLE GARDENS While enjoying the fruits of your labors, plan for fall cool weather crops by planting in mid July or early oe Hy Se Rie a se (RS oe. BR =e ai August. Some suggested crops include carrots, let- tuce, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, radishes and spinach. Though growth will be slow at first, it will pick up as weather becomes cooler and provide abundant harvest in the fall. Soil should be worked up and fer- tilized with a balanced fertilizer such as 12-12-12 be- fore sowing seed. Water as needed. HOUSE PLANT CARE Plants moved outside from the house should be showing signs of renewed vigor. Maintain a regular schedule of watering and fertilizing. Pots that haven't been sunk in the ground will require frequent watering during hot weather. Rotate the pots to assure uniform growth. When going on vacation, be certain to have a friend or neighbor water for you. If you wish to leave house plants inside unattended, place well-watered plants in a plastic bag. Place a stake in each pot to keep the plastic bag from collapsing and tie to close. Keep plant out of direct sunlight. Plants should last four to five weeks without further attention. This is a good time in the growing season to dry plants for winter bouquets. One method is to hang flowers upside down in a cool, dark, airy place. Strip off leaves, tie in small bunches and hang upside down to dry. Another method is to cover plants to be dried with silica jel crystals. This moisture absorbing mate- rial can be purchased at garden centers and florist’s supply houses. The stems should be removed from flowers before drying by this method. After drying, stems can be made of wires. These dried flowers will provide spots of cheer during the winter. — Barbara B. Pesch Volunteers pitch in to help keep the Japanese Garden in picture-postcard condition. The Many Rewards Of Garden Volunteering You may wonder why anyone would want to offer his or her time — always a scarce commodity — to do volunteer work at the Garden. But all you have to do is speak to a few of the satisfied people who already contribute their time and Skills to help with the important work being done at the Garden and you will soon understand. You will find almost as many reasons for being a volunteer, and as many rewards for doing so, as you will find volunteers. People come to learn; people come to meet and help others; people come to spend time in an enjoyable and relaxing atmosphere; and people come to make an important contribution to the work of the Garden. All of these diverse needs can be satis- fied by volunteering in one of the many different departments of the Garden. For example, volunteers wanting to learn about plants can find satisfaction by working with the hor- ticulture department or in the herbarium. Volunteers are instructed by members of the horticulture depart- ment in gardening techniques and can use these new skills in such beautiful surroundings as the Japanese Garden, the English Woodland Garden and the rose gardens. For volunteers who would prefer to work indoors in a pleasant, climate-controlled atmosphere, help is needed in the Garden’s modern herbarium where dried plant specimens from around the world are sorted, labeled and mounted. The herbarium is an important part of the Garden and an important con- tribution can be made as a volunteer learns about the plants in the herbarium’s collection. For those people who enjoy meeting and work- ing with people, the Garden can provide a wonderful opportunity. For example, volunteers are needed to show visitors through Tower Grove House. After learning the fascinating history of the house, volun- teers are assigned to conduct tours through the beau- tifully restored country home of Henry Shaw. This is a particularly good position for volunteers interested in history and antiques. Volunteers who simply like to converse with the public will be happy giving out membership information at the Main Gate. The greatest reward for volunteering at the Gar- den is the satisfaction derived from doing a job that needs to be done. Volunteers can do jobs that interest them and know they are serving an important need of the Garden. Sheri Murphy, a staff member in the her- barium who has worked with many volunteers, realizes that some volunteers may not see the direct benefit of their work but do the jobs they are given because they know they are satisfying a real need. Other volunteers can see the results of their work immediately. In the Garden’s bindery, where old botanical books are re-bound, you can find “book conser- vators” who either are or have been volunteers. The head of the department, Morton Deutch, began more than two years ago as a volunteer because the work of the bindery interested him more than his work as an engineer. After six or seven months of volunteer- ing, learning about his new occupation all the while, Mr. Deutch was able to fill an opening in the bindery. Volunteer Raymond Senuc’s occupation is hand book binding but there are few places where this is practiced anymore. By volunteering, Mr. Senuc can “keep his hands in” his work until he can find em- ployment in his field. While Mr. Senuc is new as a volunteer, Mary Wahl has been a volunteer for about ten years. She finds the Garden a very pleasant place to work and feels it is rewarding to “take an old beat up book and make something out of it.” For Mary, her job of “keep- ing the library intact” is an enjoyable occupation; for the Garden this job is a necessary one. Several volunteers are retired from their former occupations and find something in volunteering that is like a hobby but much more; their work is needed and appreciated by the Garden. Mrs. Rose Preisack re- tired from Famous-Barr where she acquired the skill of working with people. She uses this skill in her position as tour guide in Tower Grove House. She is proud of the locket she was awarded for putting in the most hours last year. Mrs. Preisack enjoys her job and “enjoys being faithful to the house.” Walter F. Thompson, who works in archives, is also retired. He is a delightful volunteer of sixty years who will frankly tell you he was “tired of sitting.” Mr. Thompson says the old saying, you can't teach an old dog new tricks “is for the birds.” He has learned a great deal in his year at the Garden and says he has more to learn. These people are happy working one or two days a week at the Garden, learning and find- ing pleasure in their work. These are just a sample of the 400 volunteers who contributed 42,000 Garden hours last year. Volunteers are always needed, though. Volunteering is an interesting and pleasurable learning experience, and volunteers are needed by the Garden and the city to which it is dedicated. If you would like to be one of the special people who contribute so much to the Garden, please fill in and mail the coupon below. MAIL TO: Carol Taxman Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Ave. St. Louis, Mo. 63110 | would like information on volunteering at the Garden NAME ADDRESS CITY ZIP TELEPHONE Native Plant Society Formed A Missouri Native Plant Society has been formed to promote conservation and study of the native flora. Dues are $5 per year and can be sent to Jim Henry Wilson, Missouri Department of Conservation, PO. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101. Newly elected officers of the Native Plant Society are: Jon L. Hawker, president; Edgar Denison, vice president; Paul Nelson, secretary; Jim Henry Wilson, treasurer; Erna Eisendrath, editor; and Ken Olson, Arthur Christ, Melvin Conrad, Mary Wiese, John Karel, and Robert Mohlenbrock, directors. NEW MEMBERS — MAY 1979 NEW SPONSORING MEMBERS Miss Anna Hahn NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Bert Begeman Mr. Howard C. Blossom Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Kurz Dr. William Langner NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mrs. Bea Adams Miss Maxine Burnside Mr./Mrs. Jack M. Chasnoff Mr./Mrs. Richard V Cross Dr./Mrs. Robert B. Deitchman Mr./Mrs. A. S. Dennis Mrs. June Donnell Mr./Mrs. Roger K. Grosswiler Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Haury Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Helwig Mr./Mrs. F. A. Hermann, Jr. Mr. Robert B. Hoffman Dr./Mrs. Raymond C. Jablonski Mr. Vincent D. Jacobsmayor Mr./Mrs. Thom Lewis Mr. Alan L. Lieberman Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Lindell Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Mersman Mr./Mrs. Nicholas J. Milcic Mr./Mrs. Stephen D. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. R. W. Peters II Mr./Mrs. William G. Phillips Mr./Mrs. Philip H. Plack Mr./Mrs. Allan W. Purdy Miss Marjorie Purvis Mrs. J. B. Reinhart Mr./Mrs. W. M. Roberts, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John C. Steger Tesson Ferry Inc. Ms. Jo Goeke Vallo Mr./Mrs. Maw S. Wang Mr./Mrs. Orrin S. Wightman Mr. James H. Wuller Dr./Mrs. Jack Zuckner NEW REGULAR MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. F. L. Abad, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Anton Abrahim Mr./Mrs. Macy Abrams Mr./Mrs. Fred Abrolat Ms. Jackie Akers Mrs. W. G. Alexander Mr./Mrs. Eugene Alper Mr./Mrs. Omer J. Anderson D. F. Andreassen, M. D. Mr./Mrs. John Angelis Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Anton Mr./Mrs. Sydney Applebaum Mr. Edward J. P Archambault Mrs. Norma Arenzon Mr./Mrs. Russell J. Armbruster Mr./Mrs. Steve Armbruster Mr./Mrs. R. Aubuchon Mrs. Ernest Auerbacher Mr./Mrs. J. W. Austin Mr./Mrs. Gary R. Baehr 10 Mr./Mrs. Stephen D. Bandy Mr./Mrs. Rudolph J. Barabas Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Barr Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Bauer Mr./Mrs. Merrill Bauer Mr./Mrs. William A. Bay Dr./Dr. Ronald L. Beach Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Bean Ms. Vikki S. Beaty Mr./Mrs. Michael H. Beck Ms. Patricia L. Beckwith Mr./Mrs. Frank Beekman Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Beeler Miss Alice A. Bell Miss Norma Bellmann Mr. Bradley C. Benham Mrs. Florence M. Bergman Dr./Mrs. John Bergmann Ms. Pat Berry Mr./Mrs. Melvin L. Besand Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Best Mr. Don Biggs Mr./Mrs. Earle Bitzer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert Blaske Miss Renee Blathrop Ms. L. Kathleen Blickhan Mr./Mrs. William G. Bliler Mr. Thomas Blumenthal Dr./Mrs. James C. Bobrow Mrs. Maria J. Boccardo Mr./Mrs. Carl Bohl Mr. Herbert Bohren Mr./Mrs. Kenneth G. Boling Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Bouchein Ms. Frieda A. Bowers Ms. Phoebe W. Bradt Mr./Mrs. Jim Branham Dr. William G. Braun Mr./Mrs. James F. Brazier Dr./Mrs. R. Huntington Breed II Mr. J. P. Brennan Mr. Robert L. Brennan Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Brennan Mrs. Hildegarde Breuning Mr./Mrs. John V. Brock Mr. Eugene Brown Mr./Mrs. Rayford K. Brown Ms. Frances Brunner Mr./Mrs. W. Wayne Buckner Mr. Robert L. Buel! Miss Emma Bumm Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Burke Mr./Mrs. Lance M. Bursac Mr./Mrs. Vernon Burtner Mr./Mrs. Ronald Buss Mr./Mrs. Frank Bussmann Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Butterfield Mrs. Merle L. Buzzota Mr./Mrs. Paul Capelle Mr./Mrs. Gregory Carey Mr./Mrs. Robert Carpenter Mr./Mrs. Todd L. Carpenter Mr. James C./Dr. Paulette A. Carr Miss Patricia Carson Miss Sheila Carson Mr./Mrs. Jerry R. Castillon Mrs. Susan S. Cella Mr./Mrs. F. B. Chamberlin Miss Joan Chapman Ms. Rose Ann Chmielecki Mrs. Terry Chozet Mr./Mrs. G. E. Christner Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Clarkin Ms. Karen Cliff Mr./Mrs. Mark T. Cockson Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Cody Dr. Gerald W. Cohen Mr. J. B. Connell Mr./Mrs. Wayne Cooley Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Coots Mr./Mrs. Irving Cornblath Mr. Gerald A. Cotner Mr./Mrs. Joseph D. Croce Mr./Mrs. William H. Cross Mr./Mrs. A. E. Cunliff Mrs. Margaret P. Dalba Mr./Mrs. Glenn T. Dallas Ms. Cecelia D'Angelo Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Dasho Mr. David Damick Mr./Mrs. Christopher L. Darby Mr./Mrs. Randolph R. Davis Dr./Mrs. Sheldon Davis Mr./Mrs. John H. Davison Miss M. J. Delabar Mrs. Antoinette Dembeck Mrs. M. W. Demster Mr./Mrs. Dennis C. DeSmet Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Detering Mr./Mrs. Richard Dickhaner Mr./Mrs. Paul Dietrich Mr. Albert Dobinsky Mrs. Waldo Dollus Mr./Mrs. Rich Donner Mr./Mrs. Terrence W. Dougherty Mr./Mrs. Thomas P. Dougherty Mr. Michael Gene Downey Mr./Mrs. Matthew F. Doyle Mr./Mrs. John G. Dreckshage Mr./Mrs. Milorad Dudukovic Mr./Mrs. Bruce Duember Mr./Mrs. Gordon A. Duff Mr./Mrs. W. N. Duke Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Dunne Mr./Mrs. Rodman H. Durfee Mr./Mrs. Richard Durham Mr./Mrs. Edward F. Durst Mr./Mrs. L. M. Dyer Ms. Dessie H. Earle Mrs. W. B. Eckert Mrs. Hazel F. Edick Mr./Mrs. Eugene J. Ehrhart Mr. Fred Eichman Miss Geraldine L. Eiler Mr. Jim Eimers Ms. Peggy Endres Dr./Mrs. H. C. Eschenroeder Mr./Mrs. Peter S. Eyermann Mr./Mrs. Michael Fehling Mrs. Lillian Feir Mr. Kenneth L. Feldhaus Mr. Helmut Feller Ms. Prudence Feller Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Ferry Mr. Chester O. Fischer Miss Corliss Fischer Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Fitzsimmons Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Flaton Mr./Mrs. William A. Fleming Mr./Mrs. Herman Fonteyne Ms. Futh Foster Mrs. Albert Frank Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Franke Miss Elizabeth A. Freeman Ms. Margaret K. Freeman Mr./Mrs. Paul L. Freeman Mr./Mrs. A. W. Friedewald Mr./Mrs. Edwin J. Fritze Mr./Mrs. James W. Fry Drs. Richard/Darlene Frye Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Fuchs Ms. Mary Fulghum Mr. M. Eugene Fuller Mr./Mrs. Terry A. Fuller Mrs. Anne H. Fulton Mrs. Harriet F. Gallagher Mr./Mrs. Joseph Gamlin Mr./Mrs. Jeffrey S. Gavin Mrs. Mary Louise Geerdes Mr./Mrs. Gene Gerdt Mr./Mrs. Louis S. Gesell Mr./Mrs. William Gibbons Mr. William N. Gish Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Gleason Mr./Mrs. Gerry Gleckel Dr./Mrs. Michael Glines Mrs. Judith A. Godwin Mr./Mrs. Jack |. Goldenberg Ms. Shu Gong Mrs. Elizabeth E. Gorman Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Graves Mr./Mrs. E. J. Green Mr./Mrs. Harold H. Green Mr./Mrs. Edmund Greene Mrs. Henry Griesedieck Mr./Mrs. Hanford Gross Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Gross Mr./Mrs. Gene Gruendel Mr./Mrs. Thomas K. Hadley Ms. Stephanie Hagberg Mr./Mrs. Albert C. Hale Mrs. Ruby Haney Mr./Mrs. Charles A. Hanie Mr./Mrs. T. M. Hanley Ms. Merrell S. Hansen Ms. Judith A. Harbers Mr./Mrs. Alvin J. Hardt Mr./Mrs. D. Hargate Mr./Mrs. Cleotha L. Harper Mr./Mrs. Harold H. Harris Mr./Mrs. Harvey A. Harris Mr./Mrs. Daryl K. Hartley Mr./Mrs. Charles C. Harvey Mr./Mrs. Ralph Hassbaum Mr./Mrs. Victor Hauck Mrs. Queen Hawkins Mrs. James L. Hayes Mr./Mrs. William A. Hayter Mrs. Lyda J. Heede Mr./Mrs. Fred L. Heger Mr./Mrs. Edwin C. Heideman Mr. Fred R. Heidorn Miss Cindy Heitmann Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Hellweg Mr./Mrs. George L. Hansley Ms. Holly Herring Mr./Mrs. A. L. Hess Mr./Mrs. Jack Heutel Rev./Mrs. Walter Heyne Mr. Lawrence G. Hillen Ms. Bonnie Hilton Mrs. W. DeFord Hite Mr./Mrs. Albert D. Hoehn Mrs. Claire Hoener Mr./Mrs. Joe Hoffman Mr./Mrs. Burton Holt Mr./Mrs. Gary T. Hoog Mrs. Jean Howe Mrs. Marie A. Hrastich Mr. Carl G. Hubenschmidt Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Hughes Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Hummel Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Hunt Mr./Mrs. G. E. Hurford Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Iffrig Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Indermark Dr./Mrs. George W. Ittner Mr./Mrs. David M. Ivey Dr./Mrs. Akira lwane Mrs. J. Roger Johansen Mr./Mrs. S. Curtis Johnson Ms. Marjorie L. Jokerst Mr./Mrs. E. Madison Jones Dr. James H. Jones Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Juedemann Mr./Mrs. Melvin A. Jusich Mr. Joseph S. von Kaenel Mrs. Mildred Kammerer Mr. Alois A. Kanz Mr./Mrs. Bernard J. Karluk Mrs. Betty M. P. Karsted Mr./Mrs. William E. Kaufman Mr. John T. Kautenberger Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Kavanaugh Mr. Leonard E. Kaye Mr./Mrs. J. Robert Kelly Mr./Mrs. Roy Kenagy Mr./Mrs. John Kendall Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Kent Miss Joan L. Kernebeck Mr. Fred S. Keusenkothen Ms. Yetta B. Kilgore Ms. Judith Klauke Mr./Mrs. George Klaus Mr./Mrs. Alfred Klein Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Kleine Mr. Robert Kline Dr. Frederick W. Klinge Ms. Diane K. Klisz Ms. Mary M. Klutinis Ms. Linda C. Knarr Mr. Lawrence E. Koch Mr. Gary C. Koelling Mr./Mrs, William J. Kordik Mr./Mrs. James H. Korn Mr. Randall L. Korotev Miss Carole Krahn Mr./Mrs. Arthur E. Kramer Mr. Michael Kramer Mr./Mrs. Guy C. Kronberg Mr./Mrs. Carl Krusie Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Kunz Ms. Nancy Kutta Mrs. Pamela K. La Brier Ms. P. Lacks Mr. Donald Lamkin Mrs. Kirk Latta, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Louis A. Latzer Mrs. Maria Laucis Mr./Mrs. Keith D. Laughbaum Mr./Mrs. Chris Lawton Mr./Mrs. Louis L. Layton Ms. Carla A. Lebedeff Dr. Alexia St. Lee Dr./Mrs. William Leightner Ms. Erica Leisenring Mr./Mrs. John H. Liebig Mr./Mrs. Frank H. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Levenhagen Mrs. Jean A. Lieber Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Lieberman Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Lieblick Mr./Mrs. Hsiu-san Lin Mr./Mrs. Wilbur H. Lindauer Mrs. Pat Lindsey Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Lininger Mr./Mrs. M. W. Lischer Mr./Mrs. Wesley Lisker Mr./Mrs. John H. Lloyd Ill Miss Sandra G. Loeffler Ms. Sandra Logan Mr./Mrs. A. Long Mrs. M. J. Love Mrs. Grace E. Loveless Mr./Mrs. Stephen G. Lueck Mr./Mrs. Daniel A. Lynch Dr./Mrs. Stanley Lyss Dr. F. Macaraeg Mr./Mrs. Thaddeus S. Mach Mr./Mrs. George Magnan Ms. Glenna Magsam Mr. Philip W. Majerus Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Manley Ms. Nancy Margulies Mr./Mrs. Mathew Maricic Mr./Mrs. Joseph Markovitz Maj./Mrs. Curtis N. Marsh III Dr./Mrs. Tom Martin Mrs. Lila Maske Mr./Mrs. Jasper Masterson Mrs. Mary Masterson Mrs. Jacqueline Mathison Mr./Mrs. Churchill Matthews Dr. Henry E. Mattis Mr./Mrs. K. T. Mattis Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Mattis Mr./Mrs. William Mayes Mr./Mrs. Sam R. Mayfield Mrs. Lansden McCandless Mrs. Joy G. McCaskill Ms. Rebecca J. McClammer Mr./Mrs. James F. McCool Mr./Mrs. William C. McCracken Drs. Gerald/Mary McFarland Mr./Mrs. John R. McGregor Ms. Gertrude McKeever Mr./Mrs. R. S. McMahan Mr./Mrs. Robert B. McNamara Mr. James McQueen Mrs. Jane McQuie Mr./Mrs. Edward G. Meehan Miss Linda Meiners Mr./Mrs. Douglas Melville Dr./Mrs. Leo J. Menz Mr./Mrs. John R. Metcalf Ms. Carole Meyer Mrs. Mary A. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Paul Meyers Mr. C. Felix Miller Mr./Mrs. D. Rex Miller Mr. Robert L. Millman Mr. Thomas J. Mitchell, Jr. Miss Leota Mitchler Mr./Mrs. Vincent Monachella Mr./Mrs. John Montgomery Mr./Mrs. Robert Moresi Mr./Mrs. Walter Morris Mr./Mrs. Keith Morrison Mrs. Edna M. Morrow Mr./Mrs. Ronald Morse Miss Pat L. Morton Mr./Mrs. D. E. Mottel Miss Denise A. Mowery Mr./Mrs. Mueller Mrs. M. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Rolf Mueller Mr./Mrs. Douglas Muehleman Mr./Mrs. William C. Myers, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph G. Nagy Mr. Terry Nakano Ms. Anna Navarro Mr./Mrs. John E. Nelson Ms. Juliann Nelson Mr./Mrs. Albert J. Nerviani Mrs. Norma Nest Mr./Mrs. Haig Nighohossian Mr./Mrs. H. Noel Mr. Joseph R. Noeth Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Norman Dr./Mrs. R. A. Nussbaum Mrs. Robert Nussbaumer Mr./Mrs. |. Oberdan Ms. Shirley Oberheide Mr./Mrs. Charles O'Donnell Mr. Ron Ogata Mrs. M. P. Olsen Mr. Edward O'Neill, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Martin Ott Mr./Mrs. Philip J. Pace Mr./Mrs. Charles Page Mrs. Evelyn Palisch Mr. Don Palmer Mr. Robert Parks Mr./Mrs. W. Arthur Parrish Mr./Mrs. Daniel Pepper Dr./Mrs. Mike Perry Mr./Mrs. Howard A. Petcu Mr./Mrs. Warren Peter Mr. Nelson Peters Miss Alice M. Peterson Mr./Mrs. Norman J. Peterson Mr./Mrs. R. A. Peterson Mr./Mrs. Wesley T. Peterson Mr./Mrs. Daniel H. Petty, Jr Mrs. Rosetta C. Phillips Mr./Mrs. James Pieper Mr./Mrs. Edward Piffner Ms. Elizabeth Pillsbury Mr./Mrs. John G. Pollock Dr./Mrs. Joseph Portnoy Mr./Mrs. Stephen Potochny Ms. Phyllis M. Prendergast Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Province Mr. Charles F. Pruetzel Mrs. Michael Purcell Mrs. Timothy Putnam Mr. Greg Quartz Mr./Mrs. Stephen Rabinowitz Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Race Rev./Mrs. Martin J. Rafanan Ms. Martha Reed Ms. Judith A. Reeves Mr./Mrs. George Reid Mrs. Alfred Renken Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Renz, Jr. Miss Martha Rose Rhine Mr./Mrs. George Richardson Mr. Richard Rick Mr./Mrs. Michael Rigden Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Riggs Mr./Mrs. Roy Riney Mr./Mrs. Edward M, Rivinus Mr./Mrs. Paul F. Robbins Mrs. John O. Roberts Mr./Mrs. Davis Robertson Ms. Gail Rogers Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Rogers Mr./Mrs. Paul Romine Mr./Mrs. Dennis Roodman Mr./Mrs. Bruce Rosen Ms. Jean Rosenfeld Mr./Mrs. Steven Rouff Mr./Mrs. Orville J. Roy Ms. Phyllis A. Rozansky Mrs. Jackie S. Rozeboom Mr./Mrs. James S. Rubie, Jr. Mr. Allen P. Rueter Mr./Mrs. John D. Rushing Mrs. Mary Ruth Ryan Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Ryan Mr./Mrs. R. J. Rydberg Dr./Mrs. Edwin A. Saenger Mr./Mrs. A. D. Saffell Mr./Mrs. W. N. St. John Mr. James F. Salih Mr./Mrs. Wayne Salomon Mr./Mrs. Masazumi Sameshima Joel/Meg Sampson Mr./Mrs. Harry K. Sandhagen Mr. Gary Sarachan M. Gen./Mrs. Ralph S. Saunders Mr./Mrs. Leon Scarbrough Ms. Donna J. Schaeffer Mr. Orville Schanz Miss Susan K. Schellenberg Mrs. Dorothy R. Scherr Mr. E. L. Schmidt Mrs. A. W. Schoene Mr. Lester Schrier Mr./Mrs. Albert Schroder Ms. Patricia A. Schroeder Mr./Mrs. George C. Schroeter Mrs. Marjorie D. Schuchat Mrs. Annabelle C. Schuermann Mr./Mrs. John Schuette Mr. Ralph Schuette Mr./Mrs. Virgil J. Schwable Miss Martha Schwartz Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Schweich Miss Lucy M. Schwienher Miss Ruth Seabold Mr./Mrs. Lawrence R. Sedgeley Ms. Marti Sellenriek Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Shanahan Ms. Marlene Sheetz Mr./Mrs. Allan C. Shelton Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Shelton Ms. Judith A. Shank Mr./Mrs. Earl J. Shartzer Miss Mary Sheridan Mr./Mrs. Don Sherman Mr./Mrs. Patrick J. Shuck Mr./Mrs. L. E. Singleton Mr./Mrs. Edward Skipwith Mr./Mrs. L. D. Slane Mr./Mrs. Rudie W. Slaughter, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Slifer Mr./Mrs. James H. Smith Mr./Mrs. Martin Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert M.Smith Dr. Susan J. Smith Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Soderstrom Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Sowers Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Spencer Mr./Mrs. A. H. Spengel Mr./Mrs. Frank K. Spinner Mr./Mrs. Leslie J. Stauder Mr. Robert F. Steele Mr. Michael Stephenson Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Stevenson Mr./Mrs. Thomas G. Stewart Mrs. Aimee K. Stoffel Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Stolz Mr./Mrs. Harry Strait Dr./Mrs. Arnold Strauss Mr./Mrs. Sylvester B. Streiler Mr./Mrs. William C. Svejkovsky Mr./Mrs. Tom Sweeney Ms. Margaret Taber Mr. Donald Tanner Mr./Mrs. W. Allen Taylor Mr./Mrs. William Teague Mr./Mrs. Ernest F. Telthorst Mr./Mrs. Carlos Terran Ms. Doris Theurer Mr./Mrs. Rick Thomas Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Thompson Mr. Edward J. Thurman, Jr. Mr. Stan Tillotson Mr./Mrs. John Timms Mr./Mrs, Austin R. Tinsley Ms. Kathleen Tomko Ms. Elizabeth L. Totsch Mrs. Margaret Touhill Mr./Mrs. James J. Trace Mr. Cloyce W. Trantham Mr./Mrs. John Treiber Mr./Mrs. Fitzhugh L. Turner Ms. Cora Ugel Mr./Mrs. Gregory R. Ulrich Mr./Mrs. J. C. Vick Mrs. Gladys Vincent Mr. Richard L. Vinson Mr./Mrs. Robert Vogt Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Vogt Mr./Mrs. J. J. Volmer Mr./Mrs. Robert Volz Mr./Mrs. David M. Votrain Mr./Mrs. Dennis Wacker Mrs. Maxine P. Waggoner Mr./Mrs. John S. Wagner Mr. Richard A. Wagner Mr./Mrs. Harry Wald Mrs. Shirley K. Walsh Mr./Mrs. Leo Waser Mr./Mrs. John F. Watson Mr./Mrs. John H. Weaver Ms. Mary Webb Ms. Julie Weber Mrs. Catherine Wehrheim Mr./Mrs. Earl J. Wehrheim Mr./Mrs. William A. Wendland Mr./Mrs. Max Werner Ms. Alice Wheat Mrs. J. Vernon Wheeler Ms. Sue Wheller Mr./Mrs. Dan White Mr./Mrs. John Wiley Mr./Mrs. Otis W. Willenberg Mr./Mrs. William J. Willey Mr./Mrs. Felix N. Williams, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Stephen A. Williams Mr./Mrs. Clifford Wilmes Mr./Mrs. Thirl K. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Henry Winer Mr. J. J. Wingerter Mr./Mrs. Lawrence H. Winkler Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Winslow Mr./Mrs. Clyde Wiseman Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Witte Mrs. Richard Witte Mr./Mrs. Donald Wohltman Mr./Mrs. Dennis J. Wojcicki Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Wolf Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Wood Mr./Mrs. Frank Woodworth Dr./Mrs. Thomas A. Woolsey Mr./Mrs. Elmer J. Wulfert Mr. Bruce B. Yampolsky Mr. Henry W. Yanker Ms. Fern H. Yeakel Mrs. C. R. Yeckel, Jr. Mr. Shozo Yokoyama Mr./Mrs. Samuel Zibit Mr. Bruce Zuckerman Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours 14 TRIBUTES — MAY 1979 In Honor of our children — Kathryn, James Jr., and Deborah Judge and Mrs. James J. Barta, Sr. In Honor of Esther Burlew Baden Woman's Club In Honor of Dr. Thomas Hall's Birthday Erna R. Eisendrath In Honor of Recovery of Marion Lassar’s Mother Frank and Janis Gollub In Honor of Emma Schield’s Special Birthday Len and Rosalie Hornbein In Honor of Mr. Richard Wolfheim’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mr. Adolph Bieser Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Mrs. Kenneth H. Bledsoe Mr./Mrs. Earnest R. Doty In Memory of Col. Paul S. Bliss Charles M. Burton In Memory of W. C. Brown, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Gunnar Brown In Memory of Mary Burton Charles M. Burton In Memory of Mrs. Thomas A. Dalaviras Mr./Mrs. B. R. Yoder Mrs. Mildred E. Yoder In Memory of Leo S. Donati, Sr. Dr. Robert M. Donati In Memory of Richard Geissal Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Wilford L. Gradel Mr./Mrs. L. William Dorr In Memory of Mary Ann Grant Mr./Mrs. John A. Parsons & Family In Memory of Charles C. Hager Judy and Jerry Rubenstein In Memory of Catherine A. Haushalter Mr./Mrs. Richard Barry Mr./Mrs. James Bliss Mr./Mrs. Roling Borgschulte Mr./Mrs. Stan Bryer Mr./Mrs. Bill Caston Mr./Mrs. John Cleveland Mr./Mrs. Curran Mr./Mrs. Jerry Davies Mrs. Kay Davis Mr./Mrs. William Gansalves Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Hartmann Mr./Mrs. Glennon Hartog Mr./Mrs. George Hubbell Mr./Mrs. D. |. Ingraham Mr./Mrs. Jim Irvin Mr./Mrs. George Johnson Mr./Mrs. Willis Kunz Mr./Mrs. Bill Lumb Mr./Mrs. Rick McGiffen Mr./Mrs. Dick Mills Mr./Mrs. Gentry Philpott Mr./Mrs. Don Reed Mr./Mrs. Jules Sachs Mr./Mrs. James Schafbuch Mr./Mrs. Anthony Scopel Mr./Mrs. Joe Walsh In Memory of Mr. John Hayward Mrs. Fielding Childress In Memory of Edna E. Holt Mr./Mrs. Bruce Buscetto Mr./Mrs. Thomas Schwark In Memory of Frederic M. Hurd Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr. In Memory of Frieda Kasmann Mitchell and Marie Grzesiowski In Memory of Mrs. Clinton W. Lane Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin Dr. Joseph B. Grindon Judy and Jerry Rubenstein In Memory of Connie Mahafty Fred, Sara and Zelda Epstein In Memory of Olivia McFadden Mr./Mrs. Frank Adam In Memory of Edward Meister Delphine Wesseling In Memory of Mr. Guido Moss Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Theresa Norman Curry and Nina Duke In Memory of Mr. Robert H. Ohlemeyer Mrs. Warren C. Bruce In Memory of Charles Poleski Mr./Mrs. Urban Vogler In Memory of William Renfro Mr./Mrs. John A. Parsons & Family In Memory of Mrs. Fredda M. Richter City of Bridgeton, Mayor and City Council Lillie Huhn Mr./Mrs. George A. Jensen Emma Kruse Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Tureen In Memory of Carl Schneider Mr./Mrs. Dale W. Ehlers In Memory of Jean Schneider Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. William Seibt Herb and Mary Freer In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh In Memory of Mrs. Ethan A. H. Shepley, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Mr. Edward C. Simmons II Mary Elizabeth Bascom Mr./Mrs. Franklin J. Cornwell, Sr. In Memory of Byron E. Staver Gretel and Paul Haglin In Memory of Walter Vogel Marilyn Mazzoni In Memory of Tesse Werner Fred, Sara and Zelda Epstein LINNAEAN FUND In Honor of Carl Linnaeus Dr./Mrs. Elwood L. Ackerman Mr./Mrs. Edwin T. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Vincent A. Bergman Mr./Mrs. J. W. Carlson Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Daley Mr./Mrs. Bengt F. Friberg Mr./Mrs. Allan P. W. Gullborg Mr./Mrs. Bruce T. Hord Mr./Mrs. Reynold W. Malmer Mr./Mrs. Leland N. Mattson Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Moore Mr./Mrs. W. D. Morath Mr. Allen G. Nelson Mr./Mrs. Marshall R. Nelson Mr./Mrs. Leonard T. Nystrom Mr. G. Richard Oscarson Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mrs. Livia Reinhardt Mr./Mrs. Roger L. Sandstedt Mr./Mrs. Harry Skahn Mr./Mrs. Edward A. W. Smith Mr./Mrs. Earl S. Swason Mr./Mrs. Elton H. Tonsing Mr./Mrs. Jon Edmond Tucker Mrs. B. E. Youngdahl In Honor of Linnea Hamingson Mr./Mrs. Milt Hamingson In Honor of Esther Holmberg Mrs. Esther Holmberg Mrs. Eavis H. Rosenquist In Honor of Edward Daniel Johnson Mr./Mrs. Richard Byron In Honor of Mrs. Lillot Grimell Dr./Mrs. Mark N. Martz In Honor of Mother and Father Mrs. Dorothy Maize In Honor of Ezar Romona Mr./Mrs. Reynold W. Malmer In Memory of Augusta S. and Olaf R. Anderson Dr. Philip Graham In Memory of Lalita Anderson Mr. Gunnard Anderson In Memory of Rudolf R. Carlson Mrs. Phillis R. Carlson In Memory of Mrs. Anton Fagerberg and Mr. and Mrs. Eric J. Thor Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Fagerberg In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Fernleaf : Mr./Mrs. Allan K. Booth In Memory of Judge Merlin Hiscott Dr./Mrs. Elwood L. Ackerman and family In Memory of Esther M. and Norris M. Johnson Mr. Robert W. Johnson In Memory of Rosamund Johnson Dr./Mrs. Elwood L. Ackerman In Memory of Gustave E. Nelson Mr./Mrs. Carroll E. Nelson In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Gustav Emil Oscarson Mr. R. Don Oscarson In Memory of Alfred and Albertina Peterson Mr. Joseph Peterson Mr. Gustav Peterson Mr. John Peterson Mr. Henry Peterson In Memory of Anna Sellin Mrs. Donald Dickey In Memory of Arthur W. Swenson Mrs. Arthur W. Swenson In Memory of Theresa Verdonkschot’s Father Mr./Mrs. Glenn L. Munson In Memory of Anna Mathilda Westlund and Gustaf Iver Anderson Mrs. Mildred G. Lammi MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (USPS 354-860) 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVII Number 8 September 1979 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Campaign Workers Honored ‘ For Phase I Success Tony Baxter, left, show designer for Walt Disney Enterprises, discusses “Imagineering” concepts with Shaw Arboretum Superintendent George Wise during the recent dinner honoring Garden campaign workers. Campaign workers involved in the successful Phase | drive for the pro- posed Visitors’ Center were honored at a dinner on July 18 in the John S. Lehmann Building. Tom K. Smith, Jr., addressing the at- tending guests, congratulated the hard-working volunteers whose time and talents resulted in raising more than $6 million for the building. The chairman of the campaign, Robert R. Hermann, was presented with a Steuben glass eagle honoring him for his successful fund raising efforts. The campaign was only the second Capital campaign in the Garden's 120-year history and is the final phase of the 1972 Master Plan. The mainte- nance complex, a part of the new north end development, has been completed and is now in use. Guest speaker for this special event was Tony Baxter, show designer for Walt Disney Enterprises. Mr. Baxter challenged the assembled guests with his stimulating ideas and some of the parallels between Disney’s concepts and those of the Garden. Though the business of Disney En- terprises is to entertain, there are many other subtle messages in the company's theme parks and its films. The parks demonstrate how our envi- ronment could be enhanced by remov- ing distractions and contradictions. In addition, touches of magic serve as stimuli for the imagination. The harmony of the environment in the parks is created by the careful blending of architecture, plant mate- rials and surface textures. These pleasing elements are a direct con- trast to the contradictions of un- checked urban growth, which pro- duces confusion and ultimately stifles the creative process. The goal therefore is to open the windows of people’s minds, to raise their standards by exposure to new elements, to challenge them to learn more about the environment in which they live. Mr. Baxter explained that what we do with the proposed new facility will have a great deal to do with how people perceive the Garden as a whole. How can we reach out to the community of St. Louis and make this Garden accessible to as many of the citizenry as possible? Dr. Peter Raven, Garden director, responded to the challenge: “The Garden has played a significant role in St. Louis for the past 120 years and the standards raised are evident. “We have wonderful things in store for the future — what has been done and what we are about to do. “The assurances you have given us — the trustees and members of the St. Louis community have given us a secure and creative future for the Gar- den and the encouragement and hope to continue. “We'll go on to bigger and better things in the future. We accept the creative challenge offered us.” Galendar of “Events September 8 The Garden Party Benefit 5:30 — 11 p.m. Garden grounds September 15-16 Dahlia Society Show Sept. 15—1-5 p.m. Sept. 16—9 a.m.-5 p.m. John S. Lehmann Building September 15-16 Fall Plant Sale 9am.-5p.m. Plant Shop and Head House September 22-23 Men’s Garden Club Harvest Show Sept. 22—1-5 p.m. Sept. 23—9 a.m.-5 p.m. John S. Lehmann Building Gomment— Am Dr. Peter H. Raven We received a surprising number of complaints from Members who were upset because their July Bulletin was late. | am truly sorry for our tardiness. But | am glad to have this additional evi- dence that the Bulletin is appreciated. From time to time, we go through a period of soul searching in which we try to balance the increasing cost of printing and mailing the Bulletin against the benefits. The purpose of the Bulletin is to let you Know what is happening and why. Judged by this modest goal, | think the Bulletin is a success. In fact, |am pleased to report that the Bulletin is this years’ recipient of the Dorothy E. Hansell Publication Award, given annually by the Ameri- can Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta for the best publication by a botanical garden. But to get to the point, we think a good thing can be better. Gradually over the next year we will introduce a new format for the Bulletin which will give a better picture of the Garden's activities. In part because of increas- ing costs and in part to provide more time for preparing each issue the number of issues will be reduced to six a year. (January, March. May, July, September & November). Ultimately it's what you think about the Bulletin that really matters. | want to encourage you to write with sugges- tions and criticism. | assure you any ideas you share with us will be taken very seriously. Membership Benefits A regular membership to the Gar- den includes the following: * Free admission to the Garden, Tower Grove House and Shaw Arboretum for two adults and children under 16. * Subscription to the Missouri Botani- cal Garden Bulletin published six times per year. * Discount at the Garden Gate Shop and Plant Shop. * Invitations to special events, preview parties and lecture series. * Advance registration and special discounts on all courses. * Travel opportunities. * Use of the horticultural reference li- brary. Members who have lost their cards may obtain a duplicate by sending one dollar to the Membership Office, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63166. Course brochures for classes will be arriving soon. Be certain to sign up early for the classes of your choice. The Garden Party A limited number of reservations are still available for “The Garden Party,” a September 8 benefit sponsored by Stix, Baer and Fuller Company. The proceeds will go towards covering the cost of the Garden’s new floral display tent. “The Garden Party,” an evening of gourmet dining and delightful enter- tainment, will begin at 5:30 p.m. with cocktails. A deluxe picnic will be served beginning at 6:30 p.m. Guests may dine under the stars at their favor- ite spot in the Garden or in the new tent. Dancing to the nostalgic tunes of the Gateway City Big Band will follow at 8:00 p.m. under the festive tent top. The cost is $30.00 per person, $15 of that tax deductible to the extent al- lowed by law. For a very special evening, make your reservations for “The Garden Party” now by telephoning the Mem- bers’ Office at 772-7600, extension 22. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr. /Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr, James H. Howe Ill Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. John Olin Mr./Mrs. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Herman Pott Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Gerald Pensel Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mary Gamble, artist in pressed plants Appearances are deceiving. Plants that may look like common plants, even weeds, can be turned into beauti- ful decorations which have a purpose and can serve as educational tools. Mary A. Gamble, a 20-year member of the Saint Louis Herb Society, is in- volved in working these incredible transformations in the pressed flower workshop which she conducts at the Garden for Herb Society members. With the cooperation of many others, Mary uses pressed flowers, leaves, herbs, and what many call weeds to make pictures that can be framed. But these pictures are more than decora- tions, for each picture has purpose and educational value. The workshop is an outgrowth of a project begun two years ago to identify Herb Society activities beyond its tra- ditional ones. The phase Mary works in, called “Herbs and Art,” particularly interested Mary because she likes to work in something that forces her to “dig in and learn.” A great deal of research is involved in this project and Mary had to read books on herbs in a way she had never done before. The Herb Society wants people to learn the history and uses of herbs. Each herb picture has some purpose, either botanical, histor- ical or to demonstrate the use of plants. Each picture has meaning be- hind it, literally, for on the back of each there is an envelope containing infor- mation on the history and uses of the plants used in the picture. Mary regrets that some members of the Herb Society consider her work “artsy-craftsy” for she does not. “| don't consider it an art or even a craft, but a pleasure that has great educational opportunities.” According to Mary, the technique used in making the pictures is simple but takes persistence. The real work is planning and research. Members of the Herb Society were given a list of Profile: Common Plants, Uncommon Artist about 200 plants desired for the proj- ect and with the cooperation of these people, the Garden and others, almost all of the plants have been acquired. Mary says she received “perfect cooperation from the Garden” where extra plants were grown for the proj- ect. The Garden also has been helpful in research and has advised Mary in making the pictures. The pictures will be displayed and sold at the Garden’s Spring Flower Show in 1980. The exhibit, “Pictures from the Garden,” will include 65 pic- tures on display and more for im- mediate sale. These pictures would be especially appropriate for a garden room. There are a great variety of pic- tures including series of collages using pictures of birds, insects and even cats with pressed catnip. There is a series of medicinal plants and one of culinary plants on plates for kitchens. A series of “your favorite flower” should be popular and Mary would like to do a series of pictures associating plants with astrological signs. Mary stresses the educational value of the pictures: “| don’t like to work on anything where | am not learning” She wants others to learn, too. She finds it interesting to “tie the lore and the plants together.” For example, daisies almost always have an odd number of petals so that if you begin plucking petals on an optimistic “he/she loves me” you can't help but end that way. Many interesting facts can be found in the information on the back of each picture. Mary says she has avoided the use of exotic plants because of the desire to use herbs and common plants. Mary “has gained a new respect for weeds.” She feels that too many plants have been placed in the weed category much too soon. Seeing the pictures made with these “weeds” will convince anyone of that. Mary finds that “putting these pictures together increases your sensitivity to the beauty of common plants.” This is true for the beholder of these pictures as well. The Herb Society and its mem- bers, Mary Gamble in particular, have worked very hard to make this project a SUCCeSS. It seems destined to be successful, judging from the beautiful, interesting, useful and educational results of the Society’s labors. Watch for these unique spring pic- tures at the Spring Flower Show. 3 Collector’s Items. . . The Cacti Of The American Southwest To most people, cacti are synony- mous with the desert. The name cac- tus is derived from the Greek word kaktos, meaning thistle plant. Cacti are located basically in arid regions of the Western Hemisphere. Interest in cacti as collectors’ items began only after the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. The “cactus craze” was Started by a Spanish king in the late 1700's. By the 1800's the cactus business was flourishing for the French and Germans. Now growing cacti is not just for the rich or those of royal blood, but is a hobby for anyone. In this country, cacti are particularly abundant in the southwestern states of Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Ok- lahoma, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Dr. George Englemann did much of the identification of south- western cacti at the Garden at the re- quest of Henry Shaw. Dr. Engelmann was one of the first botanists to study the cactus family in detail and to de- scribe and name many of the cacti that may be found in the United States. Among the characters he used to dis- tinguish them were variations in their spiny pore structures, called areoles, type of flowering, ribbing, and growth habit. The cacti described here are suited for pot culture. Though some will be- come too large at maturity for most households, they will give the cactus enthusiast many years of pleasure be- fore new homes need to be found for them. The hedgehog cacti are multi- branched, cluster-forming cacti which usually don’t grow more than two feet tall. Their scientific name, Echinocereus, is derived from the Latin names echinos, meaning spiny, and cereus, meaning wax candle, re- ferring to the numerous straight or curved spines along their ribbed stems. They are among the easiest cacti to flower on the windowsill or in the home greenhouse. On hedgehog cacti, magnificent blooms ranging in color from purple to white are pro- duced on the sides of long (5-12 cm.) stems. Blooms of some species of Echinocereus will remain open for a few days, but on most, they will remain open for only one night. Two species of awesome beauty are Echinocereus fitchii and Echinocereus engelmanii. The former has large and showy pink 4 blooms with dark reddish-brown cen- ters. The stems of their blooms re- semble spun cotton. The latter has purple flowers that are so beautiful in bloom that it is a favorite with cacti fanciers. The fruit of some species of Echinocereus is edible and tastes like a strawberry (e.g., Echinocereus en- neacanthus). Barrel cacti are assigned to two genera — Echinocactus and Ferocac- tus, primarily on the basis of the ar- rangement and curvature of their spines. Echinocacti have very rigid Spines along deep vertical or spiral ribs. Their crowns are of a wooly na- ture. Spines on echinocacti are angu- lar but not hooked. Flowers are pro- duced at the apex of the plant. Echinocactus grusonii, the golden barrel (or ball) cactus, is a pale green plant with very colorful, contrasting yel- low or white spines. Mature plants are about three feet tall. The golden bar- rel is a very popular specimen with cactus enthusiasts. Echinocactus horizonthalonius, the mule crippler, is much smaller barrel cactus. It is grey- green with very tough spines and may Fi RA oe oer, wi ¥ x) * Cre: &. Mammillaris globeon take more sun and drier conditions than other barrels. Ferocacti are more commonly known as fish hook cacti. The spines on Ferocactus are curved rather than angular. The most common of the fish hook cacti is Ferocactus wislizenii — a brown-and-red-spined species which is more columnar than other barrels, reaching a height of about 10 feet. The blooms of this plant arise from the apex and range in color from yellow to orange-red. The tallest cactus in the United States is the picturesque Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), truly a symbol of the great southwest. It grows slowly, taking 60 to 70 years to reach reproductive maturity and 150 years to reach its full stature of 50 feet. Its stems are long, cylindrical and multi- ribbed. The blooms on this enormous cactus are white, about five inches long, and last only one day. The fruit is scarlet red. It is a rather difficult plant to grow to maturity because of its cul- tural requirements. The Saguraro is now being carefully monitored be- cause of man’s destructive activities in its fragile natural habitat. This giant is dependent not only on the long-nosed bat and the white-winged bat for pol- linating its flowers, but also on two “nurse trees’, the palo verde and the mesquite, for protection during its early development. Without this bal- anced community, this symbol of the American southwest will simply disap- pear. At the other end of the scale are small cacti belonging to the genus Mammillaria. They are characterized by spines arranged on small raised areas which form a spiral row around the plant. Their blooms form a circle around the crown of the stem. Later, black seeds are enclosed in a red translucent pod, which adds some color to the fruiting plant. Most mam- millarias are suited for windowsill cul- ture. Mammillaria bombycina pro- duces a multi-headed clump of cream-colored stems with white spines and brown tips. The beauty of this magnificent cactus lies in its blooms. The flowers have small pink petals with darker pink stripes on the outer edge and a crimson base. Another mamillaria which resembles Small cotton balls clumped together is Mammillaria plumosa. \ts white spines are soft and cover the plant so thickly that it is hard to see the delicate white flowers that lie beneath them when it is in bloom. Another of nature’s wonders, Mammillaria woodsii, is much larger than its close relatives. When this plant reaches reproductive maturity, its cottony crown develops a ring of small carmine-colored flowers. Its spines are rather small and dark brown; as the plant matures, they elongate and turn cream-colored. The first genus of cacti to be discov- ered in the United States was the Opuntia. Opuntias can either be treelike, up to 10 feet high, or shrubby, only three or four feet high and as much as 10 feet wide. Their pads may either be flat (prickly pear type) or oval (cholla type). The cactus enthusiast should be careful in choosing species from this genus for cultivation. They can quickly become overgrown and a nuisance. Opuntias, especially those belonging to the cholla group, are loosely jointed, branched cacti that at- tach themselves very rapidly to an in- dividual if one rubs against their spines. Even if a section of the stem does not become attached to the un- wary passerby, glochids (small spines) may and will cause skin irrita- tion. Two that are suitable for home culture are Opuntia violacea var. ‘ = % NS es een ; RH de Aloe nobilis, gold tooth Aloe santa-rita and Opuntia basilaris. The former is a shrubby specimen and very colorful in the spring with its yel- low flowers resting on top of a purple- Streaked pad. The latter, commonly known as beaver tail, is also an attrac- tive plant, whether flowering or not. It has a dense, compact growth habit. The pads have a greenish-purple vel- vet sheen when the plant is grown in full sun. Its large blooms range from deep rose to light purple in color and, if more than two open at the same time on any one pad, they will completely cover it. Cacti adjust very readily to the aver- age home environment. Their de- mands are not great. If the cactus en- thusiast remembers three important factors — good light, careful watering and a porous soil medium — most cacti will grow satisfactorily. Light is essential as cacti are light- demanding plants. Do not place them too far from a good source of light. Southern or southwestern exposures are the best for cacti. During summer months after the frost-free date, they can be moved outside. Move them gradually into a location receiving di- rect sunlight. If you grow cacti under fluorescent lights, use tubes that most closely ap- proximate natural daylight. Sixteen hours of artificial lighting is required for Proper growth. Whether your light source is natural or artificial, rotate your Cacti on a weekly basis so that all Sides receive uniform amounts of light. Overwatering is the greatest cause of problems in growing cacti; water very sparingly in the winter months. During the summer, water thoroughly on a frequent basis, about once every other week or once after five consecu- tive days of hot, sunny weather. Re- member that an increase in warmth and sun means you increase watering, and a decrease in both means you de- crease watering. A porous and permeable soil is re- quired for cactus. Pre-mixed cactus soil is suitable but expensive. If you develop an extensive collection, you will be faced with repotting, in which Case a general potting soil mixed with an equal amount of sharp sand is ad- visable. Cacti benefit from a very small amount of bone meal and ground limestone when being repotted. A teaspoon of each to a four-inch pot is Satisfactory. Many mentioned here are readily available at most local plant Shops or through specialty shops in the southwest. Listings of such firms may be found in cactus journals or hor- ticultural magazines. There are some very good books on cacti in many of our local bookstores. The leading references are Cacti of the Southwest, by Del Weniger, pub- lished by the University of Texas Press, Austin and London; Pocket En- cyclopedia of Cacti, by Edgar and Brian Lamb, published by McMillan Company, New York, New York; and A Cactus Guide, by Ladislaus Cutak (a former horticulturist at the Garden), published by VanNostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. An exhibit featuring the Garden's collection of these and other succulent giants of the American Southwest will be in the Desert House, just south of the Climatron. — Bill Wagner 5 Renovation And Recreation: A G yen FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH — Young Garden visitor finds watery relief SMALL PURCHASE -— Young patron of the recent Plant Sale from summer heat. finds shopping satisfaction in a violet selection. CHILDREN’S DAY — The Japanese Garden = pool provides ideal | /aunch site for very == small boats during the Garden's recent Gms Childrens’ Day event. len Summer Die oe ‘ig ne trp ey RENOVATION — ARROWFLIGHT -— The hot air balloon “Arrow” soars skyward Phoebe Dent Weil, over the Garden during the recent Summer Solstice Party. right, art conservator working on the renovation of the Linnaean House, begins restoration work on the building's capital statuary. Busts of Dr. Asa Gray and Linnaeus, above, present new (and clean) faces to Garden visitors. cNews Notes Fall Harvest Show The Greater St. Louis District, Men's Garden Clubs will present its Fall Har- vest Show at the Garden September 22 and 23. Members of men’s garden clubs from many areas of St. Louis will participate. The show is also open to amateur growers. The John S. Lehmann Building will house this event, which will be open to the public from 1 to 5 p.m. Saturday, September 22; and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday, Sep- tember 23. Dahlia Society Exhibit The 46th Annual Midwest Dahlia Show will be presented by the St. Louis Dahlia Society at the Garden September 15 and 16. Exhibitors from all over the Midwest will display dahlias in a multitude of sizes and col- ors. Members of the Dahlia Society will be on hand to answer questions for the public. The show will be held in the John S. Lehmann Building on Saturday, September 16, from 1 to 5 p.m., and Sunday, September 16 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Plant Shop Aquatics Treat your finny friends to an envi- ronment of live aquatic plants from the Garden's Plant Shop. With many pet stores selling only plastic greenery for aquariums, this new addition to the Plant Shop's selection will be impor- tant to people who care about their fish. Plants such as Salvinia, a floating fern with small rounded leaves; Anacharis, which floats or can be planted; or bladderwort, a floating in- sectivorous plant, are just a few examples of what the Plant Shop has to offer. Have a cleaner tank and heal- thier fish. Buy some live plants at the Garden’s Plant Shop. Fall Plant Sale Tell friends that your feelings for them are growing with a green gift from the Garden. The Plant Shop's Fall Sale, September 15 and 16, will offer thousands of ways for you to express yourself with many tropical plants. 8 Show grandmother your gratitude with a gesneriad, send a succulant to a sophistocate or a cactus to the uncon- ventional. For the well organized plan-ahead person there is a fine selection of spring flowering bulbs to plant now and enjoy next year. And don’t forget to be good to yourself, perhaps with an exotic orchid. The Plant Shop’s Self Expression Sale will be held in the Plant Shop and the Orchid Range. Top off a lovely day at the Garden by taking some of it home with you, or just visit the Plant Sale by entering the Garden through the west gate of the visitor's parking lot without charge. The sale will be held from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. both days. Members will receive a 20% discount. Buy $30.00 worth of plants or more and receive a free Japanese Garden poster. Buy $70.00 worth of plants or more and take home a free delphinium print, too. Let the Garden help you express your feelings; say it with a plant. TGH Tea Room A delightfully different leisure-time environment is offered in the Tea Room at historic Tower Grove House every Tuesday and Thursday, where tasty lunches are prepared by volun- teers for visitors to the Garden. The summer luncheon menu in- cludes an excellent chicken salad gar- nished generously with fresh fruit, a roll, beverage and two iced cakes, similar to petit fours, for desert; or a fresh, and refreshing, fruit salad, cot- tage cheese, three small sandwiches with a variety of fillings, two iced cakes and a beverage. This cool and deli- cious menu will be replaced next month by a hearty winter menu offer- ing a choice of spinach quiche, chick- en divan or lasagna. Luncheon accomodations are avail- able for approximately 22 diners in each of the two ground floor rooms of Henry Shaw’s country home. Service begins at 11:30 a.m. and the tea room closes at 2 p.m. Please make your reservations at least one day in ad- vance by calling Mrs. Jane Coultas at 773-9000. Autumn Foliage Tour Come with us to Shaw Arboretum for a guided tour through the fields and woods highlighted by autumn coloring in its full splendor. This will be a chance to see the fall hues of Missouri foliage. On Wednesday, October 17, buses will depart from Westroads Shopping Center parking lot at 9:30 a.m. and re- turn at 3:30 p.m. Part of the day will be spent visiting a local historic site. Some walking is necessary. Box lunch is included. The fee will be $17.00, Members $15.00. For reservations, please call the Members’ Office at 772-7600, extension 22. Arboretum Classes Several new offerings will be fea- tured in the new course brochure this fall. These booklets should be in the mail soon so watch for your copy. Saturday morning family walks of two hour duration will be designed to heighten participants’ awareness of their natural surroundings. Acclimati- zation techniques will be used and family sharing should provide a unique and pleasurable experience. Dates: September 15, 22, 29. Informal natural history walks will utilize the Arboretum’s extensive trail system and will be guided by St. Louis area guest naturalists. These walks will be offered the first three Saturdays in October. Another new class will concentrate on the insect world. The interrelation- ship of insects and plants will be stressed. For further information, consult the new fall course brochure or call 772- 7600, extension 81. New Restaurant Open The Greenery Restaurant in the pleasantly decorated museum build- ing is open from 10:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and offers an assortment of food. For a mid-morning treat, breakfast rolls and coffee are served. For lunch there are salads, sandwiches, soup and chili. Salads include a tossed salad, chicken salad and tuna salad, which will be served daily. A list of other salads, two of which will be served alternately, includes jello salad with fruit or vegetables, fruit salad, bean salad, carrot and raisin salad, tomato and onion salad, and beets and onion salad. Freshly sliced hot beef, pas- trami, or corned beef sandwiches will be served along with hot dogs, chili dogs and bratwurst. Delicious pies, soft ice cream and frozen chocolate- covered bananas will top off a lunch or make a pleasing snack. Popcorn, soft drinks, iced tea and coffee are also served. Whether for a light snack or for lunch, try the Greenery Restaurant soon. ardening Ga St Louis The harvest season approaches and hints of the changing season begin to appear — evenings become cooler, the air a bit clearer and thoughts turn to fall gardening tasks. If you haven't made notes on changes you want to make in your garden next spring, do it now before the ideas slip away. Your own experi- ences in your garden provide clues to present and future successes. Each area has its own micro climate which will provide the ideal location for cer- tain plants. Your experience will be your guide. Lawn Care This month is a perfect time for lawn renovation. The summer has been a dry one so lawns may have suffered unless close attention has been paid to watering. September is the best time to fer- tilize lawns. Apply a well balanced lawn fertilizer at the rate recom- mended. If thatch has built up, it would be wise to correct the problem as the thatch provides a barrier to water. Power rakes can be rented for de- thatching. Perform this task early in the month. Areas where grass is sparse can be seeded or sodded. Prepare the soil first, adding fertilizer and lime if needed. Keep area well watered until the grass is established. House Plant Care Plants that have spent the summer outside should show new vigor and vi- tality. Check carefully for insect and disease problems and treat accord- ingly. If repotting is necessary, now is a good time to accomplish that task while it can be done outside. Select a size larger pot, provide good bottom drainage and a well draining potting mixture. If pots have been sunk into the ground, remove carefully, breaking any roots that may have gone into the ground. Allow the plants to stay in place for a day or two. When evenings begin to get cooler, it is time to bring the house plants in- side once again. Make the transition Slowly. Move plants to a place where there is less sun and protection from the wind. Reduce watering to keep plants on the dry side. After several days move into a garage or some- place where the light is even more re- duced and then after a few days move inside. Continue to fertilize blooming plants on a regular schedule. Reduce the application of fertilizer to other foliage plants as growth will now slow down. Watch watering carefully as those re- quirements will be reduced as well. Odds and Ends Evergreens can be transplanted from the middle of the month onward. Deciduous shrubs and trees can be selected at the nursery while still in leaf. In fact, if selecting any of them on the basis of fall color, do so when color is at its best. When the plants go dor- mant, then transplant. Evergreens, trees and shrubs planted in the fall es- tablish roots before the season ends and have a head start in spring. Keep watered and mulched. Divide perennials, discarding the centers that are old and woody if needed. Work up beds to a depth of 12 to 14 inches, adding organic matter and superphosphate. Plant perennials in prepared beds, mulch and keep wa- tered. If late blooming shrubs have not been pruned, do so now. Cut back to control height and prune to shape. Remove any dead or broken branches. Clean cold frames and greenhouses while weather is good. Cold frames should be cleaned and prepared for spring. A few vegetables can be grown in the frames for later fall harvest. It isn’t too soon to check fire wood supply and order for fall and winter use. With thermostats turned lower this year, that fireplace will add welcome warmth as well as cheer. Enjoy the fleeting days which al- ways seem even more precious at this time of year. — Barbara B. Pesch AAM PLANS GARDEN VISIT — Members of the planning committee of the American ' Association of Museums "= meet to plan the AAM | Trustees Committee Fall Conference. From left are © Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr, = Mrs. Monte C. Throdahl and » George S. Rosborough. | Conference attendants willl | visit the Garden on Friday, October 12. A Letter From Panama: Dr. William G. D'Arcy El Bard at an elevation of more than 6,000 feet is serving as a base for my Earthwatch expedition in Panama. This mountain is the highest in Panama and as such is rather cool; it is only 60° here in contrast to the usual 80° at lower elevations. Our expedition is made up of an in- terested and dedicated group of people. | should tell you that Earth- watch is an organization that serves as a clearinghouse matching people's interests with projects that need in- terested people. Projects include re- search in almost all areas of endeavor. I'm pleased to be participating in this particular project because it makes it possible to survey the vegetation and document a recently established na- tional park. This data will provide the basis for land use planning. We made more than 2,000 collec- tions in the two expeditions — several specimens discovered and several re- discovered. Others that were known in other Central American countries were found here as well. This trip allowed me to make further preparation for our symposium in April, 1980. | met with the local com- mittee and we have been making preparations for translators, meeting places and hotels in Panama City. At- tendance will number 400 or more from all over the world. The papers presented will cover all of the natural history aspects of Central America. Conservation will be the key issue. As a result of this symposium, a color pictorial volume will be published containing all papers presented. The book will provide a resource volume for anyone interested in the natural history of Central America and Panama. There are 60 invited speak- ers whose papers will be included. I've made progress in making ar- rangements for the exciting event. I'll return next October, but all goes well so far. — Bill D’Arcy Dr. William G. D’Arcy is an Asso- ciate Curator and is editor of the Flora of Panama. NEW MEMBERS-JUNE-JULY 1979 NEW HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick NEW DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATE Mrs. H. C. Grigg NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Echo Valley Foundation Mr./Mrs. Richard Hopmann Mr./Mrs. O. Charles Klingsick Mr./Mrs. Willard L. Levy Mr./Mrs. R. F. Lyons Mrs. Nadine McNair Mr. J. G. Samuels, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Trulaske NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. John A. Corley Mr./Mrs. James J. Denby Dr./Mrs. James A. Felts Mr./Mrs. George L. Freber Mr./Mrs. Melvin W. Fleer Mr. Albert L. Gerding NEW REGULAR MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Gus Abrams Mr./Mrs. Mark A. Adams Mrs. Mary E. Ahearn Mr./Mrs. Donald C. Ahrens Dr./Mrs. Jorge M. Alegre Mr./Mrs. Dominick A. Alessi Ms. Doris M. Amison Mr./Mrs. Lennie O. Amlin Mr./Mrs. J. H. Arensman Mr./Mrs. Larry Babb Dr./Mrs. Bruce Allen Bach Mrs. Lucinda Bacus Dr./Mrs. Vernon H. Balster Mr. John Baltzer Dr./Mrs. Mohamman F. Bashiti Mr./Mrs. Bill T. Bates Mr./Mrs. Richard Becker Mr./Mrs. Fritz Bell Mr./Mrs. Lee Benham Ms. Carol Benson Ms. Janet Berlo Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bertelson Miss Maris Binowitz Mr./Mrs. William P. Birtley, Jr. Mrs. Ralph F. Bixby Dr./Mrs. Charles J. Blake Mr./Mrs. Carl F. Blatt Mr./Mrs. Edmund Blum Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Bogard, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. Bopp Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Carey Mr./Mrs. Jon Carlson Ms. Frances Carreon Mr./Mrs. Homer D. Carter Mr. Donald H. Cavannaugh Mr./Mrs. Gerry Chappeau Mr./Mrs. Irvin Charpiot Mr./Mrs. Don Chin Mr./Mrs. Roy B. Chipps Mr./Mrs. J. M. Chirgwin Mr./Mrs. James Chisolm Ms. Jane Cissel Mr./Mrs. Charles Clardy Miss Virginia Maria Coates Miss Virginia L. Coleman Dr. Ruth Gerf Comens Mr./Mrs. Tom J. Connelly Mr./Mrs. James C. Cook Ms. Frances P. Cooper Mr./Mrs. Mel Cotlar Mr./Mrs. Peter M. Crump Ms. M. Cuolahan Mrs. Carl A. Dahlgren Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Daily Miss Dorothy V. Daniel Mr. Art Daniels Mr./Mrs. William A. Darden Dr./Mrs. Charles S. Christiansin Mr./Mrs. Nicholas W. Coburn Mr./Mrs. David V. Collignon Mr./Mrs. James D. Copeland; Jr Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Crowley Rev. Donald M. Cunningham, S.J. Mr./Mrs. Dennis Duvall Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Eade Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Eckardt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. David Edwards Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Edwards Mr. W. T. Eldred, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Ellison Mr./Mrs. Richard Elmore Mr./Mrs. Louis W. England Ms. Bonnie English Ms. Harriet Entin Mr./Mrs. Stephen C. Erbe Mr./Mrs. Thomas Erickson Mr./Mrs. Jim Eschbacher Mrs. R. F. Essen Mr. Paul Fairbank Mrs. Charles Fallet Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Fazzaro Dr./Mrs. Joseph Feder Mr. W. J. Feustel Mr./Mrs. Gregory M. Fivecoat Dr./Mrs. Norman Flax Ms. Kerry E. Ford Mr./Mrs. M. Barry Forman Mr./Mrs. S. R. Fortner Mrs. Virginia Fotsch Dr./Mrs. T. J. Fowler Mr./Mrs. Thomas B. Fox Mr./Mrs. Joseph Frank Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Fredock Mr./Mrs. Victor Freyer Mr./Mrs. Arthur L. Freyman Mr. Christopher Friedman Mr./Mrs. Robert E. James Dr./Mrs. Lawrence Kahn Mr./Mrs. Morris Lazaroff Mr./Mrs. Robert Levis Dr./Mrs. Alan M. Londe Mr./Mrs. Donald Mason Mr./Mrs. Tom E. McCary Lawrence/Mildred Meier Mr./Mrs. Don Messerly Mr./Mrs. Gary A. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Pfeiffer Miss H. Christine Pirrung Mrs. Virginia A. Powers Mr./Mrs. Jack Randall Ms. Kathryn L. Rogers Mr./Mrs. Jame E. Russell Dr./Mrs. A. J. Signorelli Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Turner Mr. S. P Vroman Mr./Mrs. Howard Wong 17 Miss Suzanne C. Bossung Mr./Mrs. Walter N. Boswell, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Boudreau Ms. Vesta G. Bowden Mr. Kennth D. Breckner Mrs. Constance A. Brown Ms. Ellen Brown Ms. Sherry Browning Mr./Mrs. Francis L. Browy Mr./Mrs. Chester C. Broz Mrs. Helena E. Bryan Ms. Marsha Burns Mr./Mrs. Cleon Burt Mrs. Edward C. Buscher Mr./Mrs. Joseph Bussin Mr./Mrs. Michael W. Bytnar Ms. N. Caldwell Mr./Mrs. Patrick E. Campbell Mr. Joe Canevello Mr. Robert W. Carder Dr./Mrs. G. L. Davis Mr./Mrs. L. Gordon Davis Dr. Thomas N. Davis, Ill Ms. Virginia M. Davis Mr./Mrs. Richard G. Dean Mr./Mrs. Ray DeHart Mr./Mrs. Howard DeMere Mr./Mrs. Marvin L. Dice, Jr. Mr. David L. Dickhaut Mrs. Lorraine Dierker Miss Barbara L. Dierstein Mr./Mrs. David N. Dietzler Mr./Mrs. Nicholas DiMarco Mr. James M. Dimitroff Mr. Terrence Donnelly Mr./Mrs. Tom Dothage Mr./Mrs. Lucian W. Dressel Mr./Mrs. John Drobal Mr./Mrs. Michael L. Drohlich Ms. Kathe Dunlop Mr. Gary G. Froeschner Mr./Mrs. Cyros J. Frost Mr./Mrs. Rowan J. Gable Mr./Mrs. Bill Gabriel Mr./Mrs. John Gadell Mr./Mrs. Daniel J. Gartland Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Gass Ms. Madonna Gauding Ms. Saundra Gedney Ms. Elinor M. Gent Mrs. Louise K. Gerak Mr./Mrs. Walter M. Gerau Mr. Matt J. Gierlach Mr./Mrs. Allan A. Gilbert Ms. A. J. Gill Mr./Mrs. James M. Gillespie Mr. Glenn P. Glasgow Mr./Mrs. Jerome E. Glick Mr./Mrs. Mildred Goddard Mr. Lawrence K. Goering Ms. Alice Goetz Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Goldberg Mr./Mrs. William Goodall Mr. Jeffery A. Gore Mr./Mrs. Richard F. Gorman Major/Mrs. James D. Graham, Jr. Mrs. Anthony Grana Mr./Mrs. Harold Grothaus Mr./Mrs. Clude S. Gudermuth Mrs. Joyce H. Guebert Mrs. Lucille Guise Mr. Raymond A. Griesedieck Mr./Mrs. Warren O. Haberman Mr. Robert E. Handkins Ms. Mary Lee Haislip Mr./Mrs. Charles Halbrook Mr./Mrs. Maurice A. Hannon Mr./Mrs. James L. Hargrave Mrs. Alice V. Harig Mr. Milton E. Harley Mr. Phil Harman Mrs. Helena J. Harris Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Hartenberger Marc/Marcy Hartstein Mr./Mrs. David Havens Mr. Joseph C. Hays Mr./Mrs. Howard E. Headrick Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Hedberg Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Hedderig Mr./Mrs. Philip Helfrich Mr./Mrs. Reynolds J. Henderson Mr./Mrs. Frank Hensler Ms. Elizabeth A. Herman Ms. Edith Hildebrandt Mrs. W. B. Hinchcliff Mr./Mrs. James C. Hoff Mr./Mrs. Norwood F. Hogrebe Mr. Robert Hoheisel Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Holdenried Mrs. Harry E. Hoover Dr. Frances L. Horvath Mr./Mrs. Milas D. House Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Huebner Mr./Mrs. William B. Huff Miss Thelma L. Hull Mr. Walter L. Hulstedt Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Hunter, Jr. Mr. Edwin H. Hustedde Miss Judy Hutsell Dr. J. M Hutto Mr. Thomas S. Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Wendell G. Iverson Mr./Mrs. Tracy Jackson Mr./Mrs. Thomas Jennings Mr./Mrs. T. J. Jockenhoefer Mr./Mrs. Robert Johnson Mr./Mrs. Gale F. Johnston, Jr. Mrs. Clyde G. Jones Mrs. Norma J. Jones Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Jozwik Mr./Mrs. Walter T. Judge Mr./Mrs. Walter Junge Mrs. Mary Kagley Mr./Mrs. Max S. Kaiser Mr./Mrs. A. Kalin Mr./Mrs. Frank Karl Mr./Mrs. Raymond J. Karst Mr. Edwin H. Kastner Mr./Mrs. Carl Katzen Mr./Mrs. Frederic S. Keeler Mr./Mrs. John H. Kell Mr./Mrs. John H. Kelly Mr. Wayne L. Kelso Ms. Sarah R. Kendall Mr./Mrs. Louis Kilo Ms. Nancy Kimble Len/Tina Knipp Mrs. Dorothy C. Koelling Mrs. Walter Korbut Mr./Mrs. Elmer Kossmann Mr./Mrs. Robert Koster Mrs. Wm. A. Kottmeyer Mr./Mrs. Wm. K. Kottmeyer Ms. Kristine R. Kreilick Mr./Mrs. J. Krueger Mrs. Mary E. Kruger Mrs. Elmer Kuehn Mr./Mrs. Dale R. Kuhn Mr. David H. Kuhns Dr./Mrs. A. A. Kuna Mr./Mrs. Ernest Kurtz Mr./Mrs. Girard M. Landgraf Miss Robin Lang Ms. Louise Lashley Mr./Mrs. Harry S. Laventhal Mr./Mrs. Robert D. Layne Mr./Mrs. Larry Lazerwitz Mr./Mrs. Vincent A. Lazzari Mr./Mrs. Richard G. Leeds Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Leemann Mr./Mrs. Howard E. LeFaivre Mr. Carl W. Lehne Mr./Mrs. Ronald D. Leidenfrost Mrs. C. C. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Richard Levy Mr./Mrs. Leonard H. Lewis Mr./Mrs. Marlon Lewis Miss Sheila E. Linden Mrs. Charm Lindner Mrs. Dorothy A. Link Mr./Mrs. John Lonigro Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Lucy Mr. Richard Luhmann Ms. Ruth N. Lutz Mr./Mrs. Harrison F. Lyman Mr./Mrs. Gorden MacDonald Sister Loretto Maes Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Mai Mr. Mark Maltagliati Mr. W. G. Manion Miss Kathy M. Marino Mr./Mrs. Jim Markus Mr./Mrs. Robert Matula Mr./Mrs. Kenneth R. Maxson Mr./Mrs. Hugh H. McCall Mr./Mrs. Haywood McClendon Mr./Mrs. Byron McDonald Mr./Mrs. C. M. McDonald, III Mrs. Mary K. McDonald Ms. Lynn McGoogan Ms. Audrey E. McGregor Mr./Mrs. Gregory J. McHugh Mr. J. A. McNamee Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Meewes Mrs. Carl X. Meyer Mrs. C. C. Miller Mr./Mrs. Stephen S. Minor Mrs. Gayle C. Mirkin Ms. Mary E. Mohrman Mr./Mrs. Philip Moppert Mr. Richard J. Moss Mr./Mrs. R. L. Motard Mr./Mrs. Dwight E. Mound Mr./Mrs. Samuel G. Mounger Ms. Virginia Muehl Mr./Mrs. Gene B. Mulder Mr./Mrs. Anthony Munie Mr./Mrs. David K. Murphy, Jr. Miss Brenda D. Myers Mr./Mrs. Anthony J. Naccarato Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Nagy Mr./Mrs. Paul E. Neal Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Newsham, Sr. Ms. Cynthia Nienhaus Mr. Guy R. Niere Mr./Mrs. Randolph Niswonger Mr./Mrs. John W. Noell Mr./Mrs. Harold Noltensmeyer Dr. Robert M. O'Brien Mrs. Dorothy Olsen Mrs. Robert G. O'Meara Ms. Christine E. O'Neal Mr./Mrs. John T. Onuska, Jr. Miss Margaret |. O’Rourke Dr./Mrs. William Ott Mr./Mrs. L. E. Ottersbach Dr. C. Edward Paget Mrs. W. J. Pape Dr. Bharti R. Patel Dr. Rameah B. Patel Mr./Mrs. William M. Patten Mr./Mrs. Kermit Patton Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Paule Ms. Monica Paulus Mr./Mrs. Frank Pellegrini Dr. Max Pepper Mr. J. B. Pesante Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Petelik Mr./Mrs. David A. Peters Mr. Patrick N. Peters Mr./Mrs. Donald A. Peterson Mr. Edwin Petra Miss Ladon Pfeifer Mr./Mrs. David M. Pfeiffer Mr. Edward J. Piel, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jeffrey A. Pierce Mr./Mrs. Leslie M. Pinnell Mrs. Roger Pleasanton Mr./Mrs. Myles Pomeroy Miss Susan R. Popanz Miss Lisa Prlain Mr. Dennis N. Pulcher Mr. Michael J. Quinley Mr./Mrs. Daniel T. Rabbitt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Radue Miss Mary Ann Raemdonck Ms. Lynda A. Rauch Mr./Mrs. Wm. Ray Mr. Edward Reed Mr./Mrs. Milton E. Reeder Mr./Ms. Dave Regan Mr. John J. Regnier Miss JoAnn Rickelmann Mrs. Michael Riley Mr./Mrs. Richard O. Roberts Mr./Mrs. Victor R. Rockel Ms. Margaret J. Rodgers Ms. Patricia A. Roeder Mr./Mrs. Theo. F. Rolka Mr./Mrs. Albert S. Rose, Jr. Mr./Mrs. V. J. Rosengreen Mrs. Jerry Rothermich Mr./Mrs. Rour Mr./Mrs. Elmer Rudloff Mr./Mrs. G. Andy Runge Mrs. Genevieve Russell Mr. Tim Ryan Mr. Robert W. Sadion Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Sagan Mr./Mrs. David Sanders Mr./Mrs. Edwin Sandford Mr./Mrs. Alphonse Sankis Mr. Chris E. Sannu Ms. Shirley Sauer Mrs. Antonia E. Schafer Ms. Elsa J. Schauble Ms. Bess Schmelzer Mrs. Isabel C. Schmidt Mr. Donald J. Schmittzehe Mr./Mrs. M. S. Schneider Mrs. Leonard L. Schuler, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Donald Schulte Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Schumacher Dr./Mrs. Luis H. Schwarz Mr./Mrs. Charles A. Schwebel Ms. Monica M. Scott Mr./Mrs. John Sedivy Ms. Selma Sedlin Mr./Mrs. David M. Sevier Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Shanahan Miss Margaret Shapleigh Ms. Susan J. Sherman Ms. Ann Sherry Mr./Mrs. William Shilling Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Sides Dr./Mrs. Joseph Silver Mr. Barry Silverstein Mrs. Earlene Simmonds Ms. Claudine Simon Ms. Betty A. Simpson Mr. Charles L. Sivret Mr./Mrs. James H. Skinker Mr. James E. Slagle Mr./Mrs. Stanley Sleczka Mr./Mrs. Abe Small Mr./Mrs. Geoffrey H. Smith Mr./Mrs. John C. Smith Mr./Mrs. Randy T. Smith Ms. T. A. Smith Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Snider Mr./Mrs. Willie Snyder Mr./Mrs. John Soke Mr./Mrs. Ralph Sonnenschein Mr./Mrs. Marvin L. Speer Mr./Mrs. Lynn T. Spence Mr. Roger H. Speth Mr./Mrs. Vitaly Spitsberg Mr. David Stark Ms. Charlotte A. Stebbins Mr./Mrs. Mark Stecher Ms. Cheryl Ann Steffan Mr./Mrs. John A. Stein Mr. Dale Steinkamp Mr./Mrs. Elmer H. Stelling Mr. Norman Stewart Mr./Mrs. George H. Stroud Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Stucke Mr./Mrs. Ronald Stutzman Mr./Mrs. Daniel T. Sullivan Mrs. Norman Swearingen Ms. Cheryl Sweeney Mrs. Edward C. Sweeney Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Tabone Mr. Kenneth Tan Mr./Mrs. K. Tatarsky Mr./Mrs. Edward L. Tharp Mrs. Anthony P. Theler Mr./Mrs. Leo A. Thierry Mrs. Ardelle C. Thompson Mr./Mrs. C. H. Thompson Mr./Mrs. Kenneth S. Thompson Mr./Mrs. George W. Thornburgh Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Tiemeyer Mrs. Lucille Tighe Ms. Penelope Toothman Mr./Mrs. Ted Topolse Mr./Mrs. Stan Towerman Mr. Sanford Ungar Dr./Mrs. James H. Utley Mrs. Elsie B. Valier Mr./Mrs. Dale R. Van Blair Mr./Mrs. Esteban Vasquez Ms. Marylyn N. Voerg Mrs. Dorothy D. Vogele Mr. Sherwood R. Volkman Ms. Susanna Von Esson Mr./Mrs. Lee H. Wagman Dr./Mrs. Henry A. Waldschmidt Mr./Mrs. Tamara T. Walker Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Ms. Judith Ward Mrs. Laura J. Warner Mrs. Essie L. Warren Mr. Ralph E. Waterman Mr./Mrs. Michael N. Watkins Mr./Mrs. William G. Watson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. D. |. Weaver Mr./Mrs. Eddie R. Webb Rev./Mrs. Leslie F. Weber Mr./Mrs. D. Wallace Weil Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Weinrich Mr./Mrs. Gary Weiss Dr./Mrs. Terry D. Weiss Mr. Crant V. Welland Mr. C. Robert Wells Mr./Mrs. H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Howard M. Werther Mrs. Virginia Wharton Mr./Mrs. Charles White Miss H. C. White Mr./Mrs. John E. Whitney Whole Wheat House Mrs. George C. Wieda Mr./Mrs. George J. Wieland Mr./Mrs. Terrence P. Wilkie Ms. Georgiana W. Will Mr. Herbert R. Willard Ms. Jennifer J. Willet Mrs. James T. Williamson Mr./Mrs. S. J. Williamson, Jr. Mrs. Margaret Bush Wilson Mr./Mrs. Floyd W. Wimberley Mr./Mrs. Roy J. Windle Mr./Mrs. Jack E. Wood Mr./Mrs. Dennis R. Worth Mr./Mrs. Stephen Wright Dr./Mrs. F. W. Wroughton, Jr. Mrs. Amando Ylagan Mr./Mrs. Gregory Young Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Zeiss Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Lours 11 JUNE-JULY TRIBUTES In Honor of Eleanor Condie Evelyn Rosskopf In Honor of Mrs. Erna Eisendrath’s Birthday Mrs. Irwin Bettman, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Harry Franc Mr./Mrs. Edward Greensfelder Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel In Honor of Noel Irene Hawes Elizabeth C. Brokaw In Honor of Miss Anne Field Knight's Debut Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston in Honor of Mrs. Doris Lange’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Willard Levy’s Anniversary Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer In Honor of Lillian R. Peters Mr./Mrs. Lester G. Peters In Honor of Robert L. Prange’s Retirement Ed and Alice Kelly In Honor of Harry 0. Schloss, Jr.'s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Tobias Lewin Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Monte Shomaker’s 50th Anniversary Patricia A. McCormick In Honor of the Tribute Fund Mrs. Robert Starbird In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Meyer Weil’s Golden Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Mrs. Donald T. Wright's 80th Birthday Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Dr. Henry C. Allen St. Louis Horticultural Society Webster Groves Garden Club Assn in Memory of Dr. Carl J. Althaus Gladys and Orator Miller In Memory of Mrs. Charles M. Babington Ruth K. Jacobson In Memory of Mrs. Blanche P. Bergman Mr./Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Mr. Albert Bindbeutel Mr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Hugh Bowen Mr./Mrs. Dolph Boettler In Memory of Mr. E. H. Bunce Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Cornwell, Jr. In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Cherry Marge Purk In Memory of Mrs. Margaret L. Colliers Ehrhart and Louise Rapenus in Memory of Dorothy Conley Collins Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Pohle In Memory of Jess A. Donnell, Ill Lynn and George Hagee In Memory of John D. Elam The William H. Jordan Family In Memory of Leona Etter Cora Beggs In Memory of Warren Flynn Bert and Janet Lynch In Memory of Emil Frei, Jr. Alice Frei Lanwermeyer In Memory of William Daher Hagedorn Gwen Springett Norma Astrack In Memory of Charles C. Hager Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Emily Hanks Jules D. Campbell In Memory of Everett L. Harrison Edwin R. Waldemer in Memory of Catherine A. Haushalter Emily and J. B. Taylor In Memory of George Hausner Frances and Marie Bergmann Peggy Ott In Memory of Mary Lottie Huff Don and Jackie Messerly In Memory of Anne Jensen Mrs. Gertrude A. Hardie In Memory of Claude Johnston St. Louis Herb Society In Memory of Charles J. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Art Bell Dr./Mrs. James R. Criscione Mr./Mrs. Marvin Duba Mrs. Genevieve Hall Mr./Mrs. Richard Klosterman Dr./Mrs. Richard Parmley Mr./Mrs. Thomas Purcell Mrs. Christa Rariden Mr./Mrs. Robert St. Vrain Mrs. Pearl Sanders Mr./Mrs. Anthony Slay Mr./Mrs. Roger Smith Mr./Mrs. Jack Thompson Leo Triboulet Mr./Mrs. Tamara Walker Jack and Suzanne Zehrt In Memory of Joseph Kushner Helen Kushner In Memory of Mrs. John Lane Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Memory of Mrs. Clinton W. Lane Mr./Mrs. Robert M Bell In Memory of Mrs. Lane Betsy Canham In Memory of Mrs. Harry H. Langenberg Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Valerie Lanwermeyer L. F. Lanwermeyer In Memory of Mrs. Irene Leslie Mrs. Jane Lending In Memory of Arthur R. Lindburg Peter H. Husch In Memory of Walter Litzsinger Mr./Mrs. William Beggs In Memory of William G. Meiners Mrs. William G. Meiners Katherine Meiners William Meiners, Jr. John Meiners Mary and Terry Shaw In Memory of Mrs. Ed Meyer Jane Steinman In Memory of Alice E. Moore Mrs. Horton Watkins In Memory of Mr. W. W. Moulton Mrs. William S. Bedal Mrs. Irene Crowe Mrs. Kenneth Davis Charles S. Fox In Memory of Ann Philson Maxine and Parker Nichols In Memory of Mrs. William Ramming Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Frederick Rebenschied Mr./Mrs. B. Niewoehner In Memory of Mrs. Fredda Richter Arlene Allen Elizabeth Behle Emmy Behrens Helen Kotteman In Memory of Mrs. Edwin A. Schmid Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr./Mrs. John J. Reed Mr./Mrs. J. G. Samuels In Memory of Georgia C. Spalding Mrs. M. Skinner Nax In Memory of David Stamm Mr./Mrs. Herbert Funke Edna Heman In Memory of Anna Strahl Mrs. C. W. Rauscher In Memory of Mrs. Anna H. Waldau Mrs. Helen E. Fitzroy In Memory of Paul R. Wesche Earl and Hilda Kutta In Memory of Thomas Wohlschaeger The Lady Bug Garden Club In Memory of Col. Roy Thomas Wright Marion H. Graves In Memory of Leona Ziegenhein Peter H. Husch MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (USPS 354-860) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVII Number 9 November/December 1979 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin The Garden Library: Preserving The Past Restoration, renovation, preserva- tion — how do such terms apply to the library of a botanical garden? The Garden has its own bindery. The art of book binding and book res- toration takes years to master. There are few competent professional hand binders left in this country. However, as part of the library's operation sev- eral staff people and volunteers carry out this skilled art. Since the library collection consists of a large number of old books, resto- ration and preservation play a large role in maintaining the health of the collection. Books have many enemies — humid- ity, heat, light, molds, mildews, floods, fire, careless users, insects, rats and air pollution are just a few of the cul- prits. Before being placed in the pres- ent location, the John S. Lehmann Building, the library collection was ex- posed to all of these hazards except flood and fire. Countless books and journals printed in the 19th and 20th centuries were printed on paper with a high acid content. As the years go by, this paper becomes discolored and brittle. Such books must be treated with special Care. In many cases special boxes are made to hold such valuable but fragile books. These boxes can be shelved without fear of further damage to the book. When binding and restoring books, special attention and care is taken to bind the book in a manner as closely imitating the original as possible. Such conservation efforts require great skill and attention to detail and hours of effort. Through the generosity’ of CAMELOT, the bindery staff and vol- unteers have performed preservation work on nearly 20 percent of the bound volumes in the collection in the past five years. As well as working to preserve books and periodicals, the library also has one volunteer who works regularly to preserve maps, prints and other single-sheet items. From the opening of the library in 1859 with a few hundred books selected by Dr. Engelmann and Mr. Shaw, the library has grown to the point where it contains more than 300,000 items. The rare books are housed in two environmentally controlled rooms. There are some 1,000 volumes on botany, medicine, horticulture, natural history, travel and exploration pub- lished before the mid-18th century. In- cluded in these works are many illus- trated herbals, some of which were hand colored. It is to such rare and fragile books that the Garden’s expert conservators turn their skills. Morton Deutsch, a member of the Garden library staff, completes blind tooling operation on a newly-bound volume. Leather is bound to book corners and spine for protection. Backing press, part of the library's collection of binding equipment. The book is placed into the press to force “signatures” — book sections — into the back of the binding. HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES, Mrs. Harold Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. J. G. Buettner Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam’'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F: Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Irene C. Jones Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr. Thomas Moore Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. John Olin Mr./Mrs. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman Pott Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben. H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman Ill Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm Il Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer O™ Tom K. Smith, Jr., President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director Fall Workshop Set For Nov. 3-4 The Fall Workshop will focus on window plants this year. The dates are November 3 and 4 in the John S. Lehmann Building. There will be displays, lectures, dem- onstrations, slide shows and several films. Special tours of the Japanese 2 Garden, library and herbarium will be featured as well. Answermen will be on hand to answer questions, diag- nose house plant ills and prescribe treatment. Some of the areas to be covered in- clude: gardening under lights, holiday plant care, solar greenhouses, propa- gation, orchids, African violets, cacti and bulb forcing. Free tram service will be available from the Visitors Entrance to the John S. Lehmann Building. This is an excel- lent opportunity to gather a wealth of information on all phases of indoor plants. Mark your calendar for this special offering at the Garden. Gomment— Dr. Peter H. Raven. In the early 1960's, a group of volun- teers called the Women's Association agreed to help raise money for the res- toration of Tower Grove House. One of the things the Women’s Association did was to open a small gift shop in the House. The profits from the shop were used for the restoration and for the Garden's program activities. The response from members was enthusiastic, and the shop moved to larger quarters at the Gate in 1965. An addition doubling the size of the shop was constructed in 1971. The success of the shop is related, | believe, to three operating principles: 1) Prices are modest because ex- penses are low. There is only one paid employee, and volunteers do much of the work. 2) The shop features gifts reflecting the Garden's educational, horticul- tural, and program interests. 3) The shop carries items represent- ing good value and good quality rather than just “souvenirs”. The Gate Shop will hold a special Christmas Preview Sale on November 7 and 8 from 10:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. To encourage you to do your Christ- mas shopping at the Garden, the Members discount will be increased from 10 percent to 15 percent for the two days of the sale. We congratulate the Gate Shop vol- unteers for their ongoing contribution to the Garden. And we wish them every success for the future and the upcoming holiday season. Letter From Nicaraqua My exploratory trip to Nicaragua last week reinforced my expectations — the situation is uncertain. No one knows what the political future of this country will be. | returned to Managua by air and spent two days talking to as many people as possible. The following re- marks are a distillation of my conver- sations and will give you some idea of the current situation. The forces that overthrew Somoza were composed of many factions, but can generally be sorted into two groups: the “moderates” who simply sought the end of the family dictator- ship, and the “extremists” who have more precise and long range political goals. Neither group had been particu- larly successful until they joined forces a few months ago. The moderates en- joyed wide national and international support, including that of the U.S., and nominally control the new govern- ment, the “junta.” The extremists were supported by practically no one but now nominally control the new military establishment and, as often noted, have the only real power at this time. The principal aim of the extremists is now to broaden their base of support by indoctrination, implemented by local committees and militia. The prin- cipal aim of the moderates seems to be to bring some degree of prosperity to the country by means of interna- tional reconstruction aid and the dis- tribution of Somoza family holdings, more than 50 percent of the national economy. | have it on good faith that Castro told the new government that his biggest mistake was alienating the affluent democracies and that he will give them no help if they do the same, that is to say, Cuba is exerting a dis- tinctly moderate influence on the new government. It will probably be years before the two groups sort themselves out, and one hopes of course that the moderates will prevail, but it seems un- likely that there will be strongly anti- U.S. actions in the near future. My previous Nicaraguan residence and visa are not recognized, at least according to the consulate in San José, Costa Rica, but | had no difficulty getting a tourist visa. | was told in San José that a long-term visa and resi- dence could be arranged only in Man- agua, but in Managua | was told that the office of Migracion had not yet Dr. W. Douglas Stevens, the Garden's B.A. Krukoff Curator of Central American Botany. been reorganized and that | would have to wait. At the Managua airport Migracion and Aduana are currently operated by Costa Ricans and there were no special difficulties, although | was the only American of about 30 people getting off at Managua. | should say that the American consu- late in San Josée told me not to go. On arriving in Managua early Sun- day morning | was surprised to see a great activity in cleaning fields and roadsides and repairing damaged streets. At the herbarium | found Mauricio pressing plants and his girl friend typing labels; both are Sandinis- tas and it seems that at least temporar- ily everyone is supposed to work on Sundays too. The work | had left for Mauricio was finished and he had de- cided that it was time to start collecting again. The vehicles were as | left them. The truck is not in working order but the jeep was stolen twice by local militia needing transportation. The tak- ing of the jeep was unauthorized and Mauricio reported to his commander and both times it was found and re- turned, once from Managua and once from Tipitapa. It seems that the routine police activities are already handled better now than in the past. There is an overwhelming urgency among the moderates to get back to work and make something positive of the revolution. | assured everyone that the project was still completely active and that | should be working in Nicaragua as soon as it was feasible to travel in the countryside. It would be politically wise for me to be back in Nicaragua soon, even before it is par- ticularly efficient in terms of collecting, but after going to so much effort to set things up in Costa Rica | also feel ob- liged to work here for a while, probably for a couple of weeks to a month more. The Herbario Nacional de Nicaragua now has about 2500 iden- tified, mounted, accessioned speci- mens inserted in genus folders and organized by family. The last two steps took place in my absence. The timing of this is fortunate because we now have a concrete example of what we are doing if there is a need to justify the project. So — I'm happy to report that the Flora of Nicaragua project has sur- vived the upheaval. Sincerely, Warren Douglas Stevens B. A. Kurkoff Curator of Central American Botany Solar Greenhouse Organization Formed A new non-profit organization called the Solar Greenhouse Association has been formed recently for the purpose of involving individuals in a practical application of solar energy. People who have long felt that they could not afford having a greenhouse attached to their homes may now find that build- ing and maintaining one can be well within reach. The Solar Greenhouse Association, with headquarters in Webster Groves, is forming solar greenhouse clubs and offering an educational program geared to help- ing members design, construct, and maintain a quality solar greenhouse suited to individual or family needs. The club concept of solar education encourages people to swap skills and pool resources in an old fashioned “barn-raising” style. Membership in the Association in- cludes 12 monthly study guides which form a Solar Greenhouse Manual for the Midwest, a local newsletter, a sub- scription to a nationally circulated solar greenhouse journal, a leadership training program, and guidance in greenhouse construction. Club dues are $50 per family the first year. Gar- den members are given a discount. Persons interested in obtaining infor- mation or joining the Association should call |. M. Pederson at 962-4176 or 962-2505. Coordinators of the program and au- thors of the new solar greenhouse manual are Arthur Pederson, solar design engineer, and Kenneth Peck of the Garden staff. 3 Shaw Committee Established Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. A new committee has been formed chaired by Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Named for the founder of the Gar- Galendar of “Events November 3-4 House Plant Workshop 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. John S. Lehmann Building November 3-25 Tropical Plants for the St. Louis Home 10:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Climatron November 5-December 14 God Created, Linnaeus Arranged 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m., Monday-Friday John S. Lehmann Building November 7-8 Garden Gate Shop Christmas Preview 10:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m. Visitors Entrance November 25, December 2-9-16 Strolling Carolers Garden grounds December 1-8-15-22 Christmas Decorations Workshops 1:30-3:00 p.m. Plant Shop December 4-27 (except Christmas Day) Victorian Christmas Exhibit 10:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Tower Grove House den, Henry Shaw, this dedicated group of people is commited to mak- ing the legacy of Shaw endure. The vision of a garden “for the pub- lic” and “easily accessible” has been made possible through his legacy and the generosity of people who care. However, additional funding is needed and through the leadership of this committee funding is sought. Serving on this committee are: Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr., Chairman Mrs. J. B. Bushyhead, Jr. Mr. Jules D. Campbell Mr. Richard Collins Mr. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Mr. Parker B. Condie Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mrs. John L. Davidson, Jr. Mr. William Frank Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Douglas B. MacCarthy Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, Jr. Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Mrs. Lucianna Ross Mr. Joseph F. Ruwich Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. C. F. PR Steuck Mrs. Robert P. Tschudy Mrs. Bruce R. Yoder Mrs. Walter Stern, past president of the Executive Board of the Members, and Edward Bydalek, designer, unveil Members’ Graphic destined for display in the new Visitor Center. Members’ Graphic Unveiled For Visitor Center The Members’ Graphic was un- veiled by Mrs. Walter Stern, past pres- ident of the Executive Board of the Members, and Edward Bydalek, de- signer, at a ceremony on Thursday af- ternoon, September 27, 1979. The graphic contains the signatures of all the donors to the Education Laboratory Workroom in the proposed Visitor Center who donated $25.00 or more. Constructed of three plexiglass panels, this handsome graphic is now on display in the John S. Lehmann Building. Members who gave more than $250 may call the Members’ Of- fice to obtain their personal copies. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign Dr. Raven Is Recipient Of Willdenow Medal f The Willdenow : Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, is the recipient of the Willdenow medal, which was presented in Berlin on September 10, 1979 in recognition of the assistance of the Missouri Botanical Garden in the rebuilding of the Berlin herbarium. This herbarium had more than four million specimens in 1943. However, military action in March of that year destroyed all of that number except for nedal, presented to Dr. Peter H. Raven in recognition of the Garden's assistance in bilan the Berlin Herhaniid: about half a million that were on loan to other institutions. Through the cooperative efforts of similar institu- tions throughout the world the collec- tion has now grown to two million specimens. The largest herbarium in the world, Kew in England, has five million specimens while the Garden has more than three million. Carl Ludwig Willdenow, for whom the medal was named, was a German aria Hawie Willdenow 1765 - 1812 botanist who in the late 1700's main- tained his own herbarium. The collec- tion was later acquired by Berlin. This herbarium was the largest personal collection in the world and is now in the Berlin Botanical Garden collection. Willdenow was also director there from 1801 until his death in 1812. The medal was created for the ter- centenary of the Garden and Dr. Raven was one of the first recipients of this distinguished award. \& Pring Garden Dedicated In Memory Of George and Isabelle Pring The Pring Garden in the Japanese Garden was dedi- cated in memory of George and Isabelle Pring on October 17, 1979. The ceremony was attended by family and friends. The special garden, designed by Koichi Kawana, is situated in one of the favorite spots of the Prings. Fea- tured are cascading plants against a stone wall, chrysan- themums against a bamboo fence, a large dry garden as well as other plant material. George Pring was a member of the Garden staff for 57 years. He was born in 1885 in Devonshire and trained at Kew. When he came to this country he joined the staff as foreman of the orchid department in 1906. His life was devoted to orchids — he judged them, wrote about them and collected them. Mr. Pring developed water lilies as well, a subject he studied thoroughly and for which he is probably best known. Mr. Pring met his wife on a Garden trip to England in 1910. The Pring dinner table always expanded to include Garden visitors. In addition, Mrs. Pring was responsible for the establishment of the volunteer guide program in Tower Grove House. In 1928, Mr. Pring was appointed Superintendent of the Garden, a position in which he served until his retirement in December of 1962. He and Mrs. Pring remained in the St. Louis area until her death in 1969. Mr. Pring moved east to live with his daughter. The lovely new garden is a fitting memorial to two people so long devoted to service at the Garden. George Pring, former Garden superintendent, works with water lilies — one of his most consuming interests. Make this holiday season special by enjoying the Garden and simplifying your shopping. Simplify your shopping this year by taking advantage of the special offer- ings in the Garden Gate and Plant Shops. The Garden Gate Shop will offer 15 percent off on all purchases made on November 7 and 8. The collection of gifts for home and garden is extensive. Don't forget the large selection of books for that special person on your list. Free gift wrapping will be provided and, for a nominal fee, delivery can be arranged. Master Charge and Visa are accepted. The Plant Shop has an unusual as- sortment of tropical plants for the home or office. Your coupon, mailed separately, entitles you to a 20 percent discount at the shop from December 6 The Garden At Yuletid : GLASS AND GLITTER — Among Garden Gate Shop selections chosen for the holiday shopping season are, upper left, decorative glassware in a variety of forms; above, metal and glass candleholders; and, right, graceful, all-glass candlesticks. 1-24. If you visit the Plant Shop on a Saturday in December, you can also learn how to make your own Christ- mas decorations. Workshops will be conducted each Saturday. Sunday afternoons will be highlight- ed by strolling carolers. The Greenery, the Garden restaurant, will feature special refreshments for the holiday season. Tower Grove House will take on a special charm when it is decked out in all of its Victorian splendor for the holi- days. The house will open decorated on December 4. Share the Garden with a friend by giving a gift membership. A six-inch multi-stemmed poinsettia will be given to each recipient of a gift membership. These gifts may be charged to Master Charge by calling the Members’ Of- fice, 772-7600. = ARATE aR aie | Bae oe ana ae LIVING GIFTS — Gift selections at the Plant Shop will include a variety of green, living gifts, such as staghorn fern, upper left; button fern, lower left; and Dracaena deremensis Warneckei, upper right. Special holiday workshops, including wreath-making, lower right, also will be part of the Garden's holiday programming. cNews- Notes The Garden has received a $25,000 grant from the Institute of Museum Services. In acknowledgement of this grant, Dr. Peter H. Raven announced: “A portion of our general operating funds for this fiscal year has been made available through a grant from the Institute of Museum Services, a Federal agency in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, which offers operating and program support to the nation’s museums.” fee A special Linnaean exhibit spon- sored by the Swedish Information Service will be displayed November 5 - December 14 in the John S. Lehmann Building. In addition, on No- vember 13 at 8:00 p.m., the film “I, Prince of Botany” will be shown. This special showing is open to the public. O™ The Holly Society of America held its annual meeting in St. Louis in late October. Participants spent a day tour- ing the Garden and heard a presenta- tion by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden di- rector, and John Elsley, curator of hardy plants. Cy When snow begins to fly, thoughts turn to winter sports activities. If you are into cross country skiing, the Ar- boretum in Gray Summit is a great place to go. There are 10 miles of trails transecting field and forests. These di- verse landscapes provide havens for deer, wild turkey, fox and rabbit. Shaw Arboretum is open daily 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Groups interested in renting the Trail House should do so in advance. There is a Franklin stove in the meeting room which will provide warmth and cheer. A staff naturalist can provide an interpretive program for groups wishing such a service. For further information, please call 772-7600, extension 81. C5 A film on the history and develop- ment of the Garden entitled “Heritage for All” is now available for loan. This documentary has been written and produced professionally and narrates the history and legacy of Shaw’s Gar- den in beautiful prose and lovely vis- ion. To anyone interested in the Garden or for those who wish to know more, this film is certain to be a delightful ad- dition to any program. 8 Please call the Development Office, 772-7600, for details regarding the film. im ‘Cina: Dr. Charles A. Huckins, Chairman of Indoor Horticulture, resigned in mid- August to accept the directorship of the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix. Since August, 1974 Dr. Huckins served as curator of tropical plants and was instrumental in the redesign and renovation of the Mediterranean House. He expanded the public exhibits in the Climatron, Desert and Mediterra- nean Houses. He was instrumental in utilizing the collections for educational purposes, for example the “Plants of the Bible”, “Marigold” and “New Year of Trees” exhibits. Cy 2 The festive Harvest Show was held under the tent in front of the Climatron. Though the accent was on chrysan- themums in a rainbow spectrum of colors, there were other features as well. On exhibit was an 1883 horse- drawn walking plow on loan from the National Park Service. Pumpkins, gourds, corn, wheat, oats and hay symbolizing the bounty of harvest time surrounded the plow. A giant urn contained a dried ar- rangement of lotus seed pods, orna- mental grasses and fall foliage. The floral display in the tent was ac- cented by extensive plantings of hardy mums in the beds surrounding the tent and along the walkways from the Visitors Entrance. The show ran from October 5 to 28. 300 Attend Annual Systematics Symposium For the 26th year, the Garden spon- sored its Annual Systematics Sym- posium, a series of meetings held to emphasize new developments in taxonomy and evolution and to foster communication among biologists. As for the last 25 years, the National Sci- ence Foundation provided financial support. A first in the history of these Sym- posia is that this year’s topic dealt with a single family of plants, namely, the grasses (Gramineae) rather than a broad topic with data coming from a wide range of plant families. Because it is one of the largest plant families, it is the most widely distributed of all families with an ecological dominance second to none, and because of its unparalleled history of importance to man as a source of food, forage for his animals, construction materials, indus- trial products, etc., it was an especially appropriate choice for this Sym- posium. Meeting October 19-20 in the John S. Lehmann Building, the Symposium was attended by nearly 300 scientists and graduate students. Moderator of the Symposium was Dr. R. W. Pohl, prominent agrostologist from lowa State University. Speakers and their topics were Dr. W. D. Clayton, Kew Botanic Gardens, England, evolution and distribution of grasses; Dr. H. E. Connor, DSIR, Christchurch, New Zealand, evolution of reproductive systems in the Gramineae; Dr. G. Davidse, Missouri Botanical Garden, cytology of grasses; Dr. F. W. Gould, Texas A&M University, evolution in the genus Bouteloua (grama grasses); Dr. H. H. Iltis, University of Wisconsin, evolution of corn; Dr. T. R. Soderstrom, Smithsonian Institution, patterns of evolution in the bamboos; and Dr. G. L. Stebbins, University of California, Davis, coevolution of North American grasses and mammals. The evening talk was presented by Dr. J. M. J. de Wet, University of Illinois, who traced the importance of grasses in the de- velopment of the cultural history of man. Gene Jarvis: A Very Special Volunteer Gene Jarvis is a double V.I.V.: a very important volunteer and a very in- terested volunteer. Certainly all of the volunteers at the Garden are impor- tant — the Garden could probably not go on without them — but as a volun- teer in Display Greenhouses since 1974, Gene has not only been helping at the Garden, she has been taking full care of the begonias and gesneriads in the Climatron. Bill Wagner, superin- tendant of display greenhouses, has described Gene as “our leading volun- teer with the most amount of hours volunteered.” Gene, very energetic and eager to get back to her begonias, simply says she enjoys her work be- cause of the “satisfaction” she derives from it. Gene says she has been interested in plants for quite a while, not since childhood, but before “the big plant craze.” She has her own greenhouse at home which includes a collection of cacti and succulents that Gene finds “fascinating” because “there are so (Continued on Page 9) Gene Jarvis (continued from page 8) many varieties.” She especially likes these plants but she can’t name any favorites; “you grow to like them all.” Begonias are of course a special interest to Gene, particularly now: “I’ve taken care of area five (begonias) for years and now we're redoing it and that’s exciting to be a part of.” Gene is also fond of orchids and particularly enjoys setting up for the orchid shows held on the patio in the Climatron; “they are really beautiful.” When asked about the amount of time she gives to the Garden Gene replies, “| wish | had more time to give.” She in- tends to continue her work at the Gar- den as long as she can, which is good news to the Garden. Gene's work in the Climatron, along with her assistance in horticultural workshops, special events and setting up displays, is greatly appreciated by the Garden. Gene Jarvis deserves to be commended. Dr. Steyermark Receives Shaw Medal In Memoriam: Leicester B. Faust Leicester B. Faust, longtime friend of the Garden, died August 31, 1979. Mr. Faust became a member of the Board of Trustees in May 1954 and served as vice president from 1959- 1966. He was named an honorary trus- tee on January 17, 1973. Financial support provided by Mr. and Mrs. Faust made possible the construction of the lily pools east of the Climatron in 1964, and one of the greenhouses completed in 1968. This greenhouse is dedicated to Anna Busch Faust, Mr. Faust’s mother. The Fausts contributed generously on a number of other occasions, including the construction of the Climatron. Leicester Faust, a grandson of Adolphus Busch, was born in St. Louis in 1897. He started working in the grain department of Anheuser-Busch in 1935 and served as its vice presi- Dr. Julian Steyermark, recipient of the Henry Shaw Medal. The Henry Shaw medal has been awarded to Julian Steyermark. It was only the third time the award was made in its 45-year history. The recipient is author of the “Flora of Missouri,” a massive 1,728 page volume. The study took more than 30 years and more than 200,000 num- bered specimens from Missouri were collected — mainly by Steyermark himself! The book provides a general key for identification of plants. After the family is reached from the key, more detail is given. The scientific name, most widely used common name, flowering dates, and a map indicating geo- graphical range follow. Dr. Steyermark’s accomplishments go far beyond this monumental work, however. He helped organize the Mis- souri Chapter of the Nature Conser- vancy and made the Garden's first trip to Panama which probably launched our current flora project there. In addition to his tenure on the staff of the Garden, he spent a number of years at the Field Museum in Chicago. In 1959 he went to Venezuela where he has been working and collecting ever since. Dr. Steyermark delivered several lectures while at the Garden. dent from 1947 - 1952. He served as president of the Merchants Exchange of St. Louis in 1945. Mr. Faust presented several impor- tant works of art to the St. Louis Art Museum and to Washington Univer- sity. He also served on the boards of the St. Louis Symphony and of the St. Louis Priory School and had been ac- tive in the St. Louis Chapter of the American Red Cross. He also served as president of Industrial Aid for the Blind. In 1968 Mr. and Mrs. Faust pre- sented their country home, the former estate of Frederick Bates, the second governor of Missouri, to the people of St. Louis County. The new park was named “Faust County Park.” STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (ACT OF AUGUST 12, 1970 SECTION 3685, TITLE 39, UNITED STATES CODE.) . Title of Publication: MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN Date of Fling: September 20, 1979 Frequency of issues: 6 issues per year — bi-monthly Location of known office of Publication: 2345 Tower Grove Av- enue, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Missoun 63166 Location of the Headquarters or General Business Offices of the Publishers: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missoun 63110 Names and addresses of publisher and editor are: Publisher, Missoun Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Missoun 63166, Editor, Barbara B. Pesch . Owner: Missouri Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Missoun 63166 Known bondholders, mortgages, and other secunty holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during preceding 12 months. Authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122, PSM) 10. Extent and nature of circulation Average no. copies Actual no. copies each issue during of single issue preceding 12 published nearest months __ to filing date _ = for) no BwNr ~N fo] wo A. Total no. copies printed 12,500 12,600 (Net Press Run) B. Paid Circulation 1. Sales through dealers and carners, street vendors and counter sales none none 2. Mail subscnptions 11,500 11,630 Total paid circulation 11,500 11,630 om Free distribution by mail, carner or other means samples, complimentary and other free copies none none E. Total distribution 11,500 11,630 F Copies not distributed 1. Office use, left-over, unaccounted Spoiled after printing 1,000 970 2. Returns from news agents G. Total (Sum of E, F1 and 2 — should equal net press run shown in A) 12,500 12,600 | certify that the statement made by me above is correct and complete none none (Signed) Barbara B. Pesch, Editor Publications Department 2 Gardening indt Louis As days grow shorter and shorter and temperatures dip lower, gardening tasks begin to grow fewer. Thoughts of the past several winters spur us on to provide winter protection wherever feasible. Maintenance chores should be con- tinued. Keep leaves raked off the lawn and beds and add them to the com- post pile. Since rainfall has been so sparse, continue to soak newly planted trees and shrubs. Those that are not well watered will be more sus- ceptible to winter kill. Mulch plants if that has not been done previously. Apply to the depth of four to six inches as far out as the drip line — further on new plantings. Erect a burlap barrier around plants that are susceptible to winter burn. Wrap bur- lap around stakes securely leaving a six-inch space between the bottom of the burlap and the ground. Check all stakes and wires to be certain that they are secure. Check to be certain that wires are not too tight as well. Holiday Time This is a good time of year to re- member gardening friends with gifts of magazines, books and plants — even a gift certificate from your favorite nur- sery or garden center. Check all the new books for yourself as well. Winter Some gardens are dry Sitting in the sun alone Wishing they were wet. 10 evenings are an ideal time to curl up with that book in front of the fire. Make some new plans for your garden in the spring. Select your Christmas tree early and take time in the selection. Be cer- tain the tree is evenly branched and the trunk is straight. After purchasing your tree, cut an inch or so off of the bottom end and place the tree in a bucket of water in a cool place. When ready to place the tree in the house, put it in a stand that contains water for it will stay fresher. Keep stand filled with water. Place the tree away from heat ducts and the fireplace. Be certain there are no frayed wires in the lights before decorating the tree. Fall Bulbs Fall bulbs should be in the ground by now. If not plant as quickly as pos- sible. Bulbs need a chance to root in the fall in order to flower well next spring. Bulbs for forcing should be pot- ted to provide spots of cheer during the winter. House Plant and Greenhouse Care Watering should be done less fre- quently as days grow shorter and growth slows. More plants are lost by overwatering than anything else. Fer- tilize only actively flowering plants. Keep inspecting for signs of insects or disease and treat immediately. Temperatures in home greenhouses can fluctuate widely on warm sunny days. When days are mild, provide good ventilation. Reduce night tem- peratures to save on heating bills. The installation of plastic will also reduce heating costs. This winter might be a good time to do this. Winterizing Roses Do not prune roses until next spring though long canes can be cut back. The best protection is to hill up each bush with six to eight inches of good top soil mixed with equal parts of or- ganic matter or compost. Do not dig up soil from around the plant to ac- complish this. Later add two to three inches of wood chips. Odds and Ends Some fertilizing can still be done in November. Work into vegetable gar- den and leave soil rough dug — the action of freezing and thawing, wind, rain and snow will break up the soil. Stock feeders for the birds. Suet and water should be supplied as well. Not only do you provide food for your feathered friends, but the activities of these little creatures can’t help but entertain and delight the beholder. Enjoy evenings before a nice fire. —Barbara B. Pesch ie ON : The following article is reprinted with the permission of Nature magazine. The savage destruction of the Bra- zilian rain forests has been dictated, to a large extent, by economic pressures over which the country’s government can exercise little control. Yet this rapidly dwindling heritage of exotic plants and animals kindled the imagi- nation of early explorers and con- tinues to contribute to our understand- ing of our natural environment. In Brazil today the cultural and economic influence of the West is very apparent, and so it is strange to find little native interest in natural history reflected on the shelves of the big bookshops of cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia and Belo Horizonte. Despite a good deal of enquiry the only books | could find dealing with Brazilian wildlife at all were translations of glossy foreign “coffee table” volumes. Long searches through the second-hand markets uncovered only four more: a series published in Sao Paulo in the 1950s dealing with in- sects, birds and mammals; and a magnificent translation of an illustrated French book on Amazonian primates, published at the turn of the century — whose value was, unfortunately, well appreciated by the dealer. The Brazil- ian flora suffer a similar neglect, even though, at certain times of the year, one would be well advised to take some sort of field guide along when visiting the local fruit and vegetable markets. Being able to name and classify species of plant and animal is an es- sential cornerstone of biological sci- ence and education. Once these basic elements can be identified, and their interactions understood, one may begin to appreciate the fragility of eco-systems such as the tropical rain forest. It is disturbing, therefore, to find that would-be medical students, when asked to give the names of all the animal species they knew, could list, on average, only half a dozen — invar- iably creatures of medical importance such as the mosquito, the cockroach and the ‘barbeiro’, the bug vector of Chagas disease. Although this survey Ws OR rant eg a x3 me? oe w\ aeons Where Have All The _ Flowers Gone? ae PARI rY carried out by Professor Angelo Machado of the Federal University of Minas Gerias, did not include ques- tions on plant life, my own experiences suggested that here the situation is even worse. Indeed, one graduate biologist | spoke to was surprised to discover that natural selection occurs outside the animal kingdom! Machado is a well respected mor- phologist and neuroanatomist, whose spare time pursuits include some most elegant studies on the ecology and taxomony of neo-tropical dragonflies. His wide interests include conserva- tion — he is a founder member of one of the few environmental pressure groups in the country — and, more re- cently, an attempt to understand the lack of interest in wildlife which is ap- parent in the country’s development of its natural resources. Brazil's politi- cians and administrators, he feels, are “frightened by nature”, and so he has turned to studying the development of the concept of the “forest” in school children throughout the country. This survey is still in its early stages, but Machado has already found that the child’s concept of the forest, and its association with fear, begins to form early in life. It seems to be based on nursery rhymes and children’s stories imported from Europe and North America, which emphasize the dan- gers of going into the woods. In the younger child this ignorance can be easily counteracted. Drawings and paintings of the “forest” made by 7-10 year olds commonly included aeroplanes spraying the undergrowth with bullets and napalm; but after the same children had been taken by Machado on a trip to the real forest these were replaced by birds and but- terflies, and the children paid far more artistic attention to leaf forms and flowers. At the present rate of development Brazil's forests may only survive for another 30 years, but if Machado’s children can be so easily convinced of its value there is some hope that this new generation may allow it to stand for longer. The final decision may perhaps lie with the teachers rather than the politicians. — David Bousfield Members’ Trips The Baja itinerary sounds exciting! There will be whale viewing, forest exploration and beachcombing. Sev- eral old missions will be visited. Ken Peck, Manager of Instructional Services, travelled to Baja this past summer and has personally visited all these areas and planned the trip. He will be the guide. This is an unusual opportunity for members. Don't miss it — February is the month. Several other trips have been planned. Williamsburg will be the des- tination in April and England with John Elsley in May. For further information, please call the Members’ Office, 772-7600. AUGUST — SEPTEMBER 1979 NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Dr. Richard E. Hillman Mr. Henry A. Jubel Mrs. Ralph F. Piper Mr./Mrs. C. A. Renard Mrs. Norman Schaumburg NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Brown, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Calvin Case, Jr. Ms. Anne-Marie Clarke Mr./Mrs. Sandy Cortopassi Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Farquhar Mr. Richard Gaines Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. Harry H. Langenberg Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Raleigh Mr./Mrs. William B. Roller Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Schreiber Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Sprung, Jr. TRIBUTES AUGUST — SEPTEMBER In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. August Burchardt’s 50th Anniversary The Jerry Dudding Family In Honor of Jean Charak’s Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. Raymond Epstein In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. Martin Davis’ 40th Anniversary Mrs. R. G. Knaus In Honor of Mr. Herschel B. Engel’s Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Ezzy’s Arrival Dorothy and Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Al Friedman’s Marriage Sam and Dorothy Rosenbloom Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St. Louis 11 In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Don L. Heitman’s 25th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. A. F. Boettcher, Jr. In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Willard Levy’s Anniversary Mrs. J. A. Jacobs In Honor of Judge and Mrs. Floyd McBride’s 25th Anniversary Ella Tappmeyer In Honor of Drs. Parry and Lillian Schippers’ 35th Anniversary June E. McCarthy In Honor of Mrs. Dorothy Smith’s First Great Grandchild Mr./Mrs. Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Dr. and Mrs. Sam Soule’s Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Ronald Prince In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Howard U. Wilson’s Wedding Theo Hager Stuart M. Mertz In Honor of Mrs. Ethel Wolf's Birthday Oliver Wagner In Honor of Mrs. Donald T. Wright’s Birthday Mrs. R. L. Curtis In Memory of Claude Anderson Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Dillow In Memory of Christopher Biraben Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore In Memory of John G. Burton Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore In Memory of Donald A. Carmichael Louise C. Lewis In Memory of Susan S. Clee Mrs. Evelyn Cull In Memory of Margaret L. Dickie The Bohimans Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Dr. E. A. Doisy Robert W. Derner In Memory of Julia A. Ewing Janet K. Grau In Memory of Mr. Leicester Busch Faust Mr./Mrs. Alexander Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Joseph Bascom Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver Mrs. E. R. Culver, Jr. Mrs. Kenneth Davis Mr./Mrs. Sam’| C. Davis Mrs. Joseph Desloge Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. The Garden Club of St. Louis Hadley and Phoebe Griffin Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. J. Joseph Horan Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mercantile Trust Co., Officers & Directors Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miquette M. Potter Adelaide and Dan Schlafly Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Warren Shapleigh Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark Mr./Mrs. Whitelaw T. Terry, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Powell Whitehead Mr./Mrs. Ira Wight James H. Williams, Jr. Marcella Wooton Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher Mrs. Elizabeth N. Young In Memory of Sylvia Fleishman Mr./Mrs. J. M. Henderson In Memory of Rosalee Gabriel Lueders Agency In Memory of Marvin Gibstine Margie, Jules, Andy and Janice Bery In Memory of Mildred M. Gotting John, Louise and Eleanor Hecht Carol Isenmann In Memory of Mrs. Gladys McGray In Memory of Mrs. Gladys Mc C. Gray Adelaide and Dan Schlafly In Memory of Mr. Milton Grote Rose and Eugenia Henke In Memory of Hilda T. Hallquist Dorothy Brown Corrine Hallquist In Memory of Richard D. Hatton, Jr. Mr./Mrs. George W. Skinner In Memory of Mr. David Hearsch Mr./Mrs. David J. Lehleitner In Memory of George P. Horton Mrs. Leicester B. Faust In Memory of Mrs. Herman Husch Dr./Mrs. Harry Agress Mrs. Mary E. Baer Fay Barker Mr/Mrs. Fred A. Eppenberger Mr./Mrs. Edwin Franey Mrs. Arthur J. Freund Mr./Mrs. Henry Freund Mr./Mrs. Irwin Gittelman Fred and Weasie Goldberg Mrs. G. L. Harris Mr. W. Alfred Hayes Mr./Mrs. Philip N. Hirsch Mr./Mrs. Peter H. Husch Mr./Mrs. John Isaacs, Jr. Aunt Julia Helen Manley Nina and Bud Meissner Mrs. Max W. Myer Mr./Mrs. David F. Orwig Mr./Mrs. Gerald K. Presberg Mr./Mrs. Lawrence K. Roos Helen E. Rothschild Blanche S. Rubinstein Mr./Mrs. Arthur Scharff, Jr. Mr./Mrs. J. Henry Schweich Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Barbara and Ed Shifrin Golda and Maurice Shulman Shulamith Simon Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. Gusta and Herman Willer Debbie and John Wolff Mr./Mrs. Jay V. Zimmerman In Memory of Mae J. Jones Mr./Mrs. James E. Russell In Memory of Arthur W. Kuni Isadore Shank In Memory of Joseph Kushner Jack Kushner In Memory of Mrs. Martin Lammert Laura and William Orthwein Miquette M. Potter In Memory of Mrs. Jack Lane Mr./Mrs. Raymond Epstein In Memory of Wilbur N. Leber Belle Coeur Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Stephen H. Lysell Mary E. Blumeyer In Memory of Lily Margulis Morris and Eileen Suchart In Memory of Elsie McCullough Joe and Ruth Pollak In Memory of Robert McDonald Mr./Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp In Memory of Cuylor R. McGinley, II Mrs. William S. Bedal In Memory of Erna Obermeier The Gregory Storch Family In Memory of Mrs. Betty Parsons William Knupp In Memory of John Ridgway Erna R. Eisendrath In Memory of Grace Scott Vernon and Margaret Thurmer Viola Villardi In Memory of Dr. Leo M. Shanley Jean-Jacques Carnal In Memory of Ethel Shapiro Barbara Schechter In Memory of Mrs. Charles C. Spink, Sr. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mrs. J. G. Taylor Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Marguerite Stein Estell Landauer In Memory of Chester Steiner Hazel S. Loewenwarter In Memory of Miss Lucille Steiner Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Fordyce In Memory of Maude Tarter Louise R. Rhode in Memory of Miss Marie Thole Edna Landzettel In Memory of Cherry Lee Thomas Kevin Sherwin In Memory of Mrs. Marie M. Tiesler Pearl K. Spring In Memory of J. August Wolf Mary E. Baer In Memory of Mr. Casper S. Yost Bruce Geise David Green George and Thomas Kletzker Kevin M. Leahy Mr./Mrs. William B. MacLeod Clark E. Morrison Mrs. M. F. Muir Kathryn R. Niesen Jeanne and Seth Robins John Skrivan Mrs. S. Scott Stewart Mr./Mrs. C. L. Zehntner Mr./Mrs. Craig M. Zehntner MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVIII Number 1 January/February 1980 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Botanical Illustration: An Age-old Art 3. a ad pao PEt ae IV be ae oe 7 i bY 4 % Sot a aes + e:* Sx yy oO mod FESS fie % Fa" ro * } ‘ t 3 ig Sara gM ete ye 4 ; A new exhibit, “500 Years of Botani- cal Illustration”, will open January 10 in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. The exhibit was assembled by Jim Reed, librarian, from the extensive Garden collection, and has been touring the midwestern States under the auspices of the Mid- America Arts Alliance. From delicately illuminated 15th century manuscript pages to a bold contemporary lithograph based on the microscopic image of a pollen granule, the 72 images in this exhibit represent a variety of media and techniques in scientific artwork and floral design. Wks a Botanical artists aN ty aK developed A j is 2 : techniques imitated y re by later illustrators. aut ® Here is an example of fine detail. The intricate detail of the drawings and engravings will be of interest to stu- dents of biology and art. The collection of prints dates from 512 A.D. up to the work of modern day living botanical artists. The earliest print in the exhibit is by Dioscorides who was a Greek physi- cian with the Roman armies. The work from which this illustration was repro- duced is a compilation of medicinal and herbal lore. Its importance lies in the fact that it had profound influence on later botanical illustration. The plant pictured, Asphodel, was planted near tombs by the ancient Greeks to serve as food for the dead in their journey through the afterlife. It also has some medicinal uses. The illustration of a leek by Peter Schoeffer in 1485 is woodblock en- graving that was hand-colored. It is reproduced from a German herbal. Schaeffer worked for Gutenberg, the inventor of moveable type. The leek was held in high esteem since the days of the Roman empire. Emperor Nero is said to have eaten it to improve his singing voice. The Ro- mans took it to England where it be- came the Welch national Emblem. It is best known today as an ingredient of vichysoisse. The woodblock engravings of willow-herbs and loosestrife were done by John Gerard in 1597. The ar- tist was an English surgeon who culti- vated thousands of herbs including many of rarity. He was herbalist to King James I. It is quite possible that Shakespeare was a visitor to Gerard's garden. (Continued on Page 3) Lecture: 500 Years of Botanical Illustration Jim Reed, Garden librarian Date: January 23, 1980 Place: John S. Lehmann Building Time: 10:30 a.m. Cy Contents: Comment .................. 2 Letter from Peru ............ 3 News Notes ................ 9 Gardening in St. Louis ....... 10 PrOPNG) ok occu en wast veveeads 4 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mrs. Harold Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr. Thomas Moore Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. F. M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F. Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs., Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman Ill Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm Ill Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer CS ee Tom K. Smith, Jr, President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Director Gomment— Dr. Peter H. Raven Last summer we began to realize that the cost of the Garden's new Vis- itor Center would be higher than ex- pected, largely because of inflation. Our expectation was confirmed when the contractors’ bids were opened in September, and they totaled about $10.5 million for the Visitor Center, the new maintenance complex, and sup- port facilities such as greenhouses. From gifts and other sources we have commitments totaling nearly $7 mil- lion, leaving us about $3.5 million short of what is needed to complete the project. After considering the possible alter- natives, the Trustees approved a plan to proceed by raising an additional $1.7 million in gifts and by deferring $1.8 million in construction costs by not completing parts of the building. The floral display hall, the shops, the restaurant, and other features will be completed at a later date when fund- ing is available. This may not be the happiest solu- tion, but it is a practical one. The facilities this building will provide are necessary to serve the growing number of people who visit the Gar- den. The cost for the Visitor Center alone was increasing an estimated $75,000 a month because of inflation. By going ahead with the basic struc- ture, we will be able to freeze most of the costs at the current level. We can use the auditorium and the entrance area, greatly improving visitor service and orientation, and we will finish other features in the building when it is possible to do so. rt WN. Kavew Letter From Peru Manu Park is remote — accessible only after a week’s journey from Cuzco. Finding transport can also be a problem. Mine was solved by riding in the back of a produce truck which traversed the snow-capped Andean cordilleras. The road degenerates in Madre de Dios Department to a wind- ing track that follows gravel river beds usually containing little water. A dug- out canoe became my transport for several days of river travel through un- inhabited tropical rain forest. The sky was my roof for nights spent by the river's edge. This region is uninhab- ited because it is the territory of sev- eral much-feared Indian tribes. These people have had almost no outside contact and live a warlike, nomadic way of life. Now, however, the Peru- vian Ministry of Agriculture and its park service are interested in protecting this area and putting a buffer zone around it as well. It is a Superb park! Although the region’s fauna and flora are incompletely known, many biologists consider Manu the most outstanding of all national parks. It contains more bird and plant species than any other site in the world. Wild animals abound, and many are quite tame. Nearly pure virgin stands of gigantic Spanish cedars, valuable as timber, astound botanists because elsewhere these cedars are almost exterminated. Various new plant species have been discovered with the prospect of many more as work progresses. fal Dr. Alwyn Gentry | am working with several Peruvian botanists and some students on this project. Amazonian Peru is one of the most floristically diverse regions in the world. Therefore we are collecting specimens, studying plants to better know this area of the world. The Flora of Peru project is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. | am also completing a study of plant dis- tribution and diversity patterns for the National Geographic Society. My trip to Manu was certainly a high- light of my many trips to Peru. Sincerely, Alwyn Gentry Dr. Gentry is an associate curator of the Garden's herbarium and director of the Flora of Peru project. Zoo-Museum District Legislation Pending Bills will be introduced in the 1980 legislative session by State Represen- tative Russell Egan and State Senator John C. Scott to establish a Botanical Subdistrict in the Zoo-Museum Tax District. The purpose of the Botanical Subdistrict is to provide tax funding for the Garden's operations. If approved by the legislature, the Botanical Sub- district must then be approved by a referendum in St. Louis City and County before it goes into effect. The Garden's Trustees made the decision to seek tax support after re- view of the financial projections for the next ten years. Currently, about 3% of the Garden's budget is provided by state and local government, through the Missouri Arts Council and the Convention and Visitor’s Bureau of Greater St. Louis. The additional rev- enue through the Zoo-Museum District would provide a stable base of annual support. Dr. Peter H. Raven antici- pates that the tax district, if approved, could provide up to half the opera- tional income needed in coming years. “With this support and with the con- tinued aggressive approach to the pri- vate sector, the Garden will be able to maintain its services and its unique at- tractions such as the Climatron and the Japanese Garden.” (Continued from Page 1) Willow-herbs are members of the evening primrose family and are quite plentiful in England today. Several illustrations are shown from the Curtis’ Botanical Magazine. Wil- liam Curtis undertook in February 1787 to illustrate and describe “the most ornamental foreign plants, culti- vated in the Open Ground, the Greenhouse and Store.” The magazine is now in its 182nd year av- eraging 10-11 color plates per issue. The list of artists whose work has appeared in the Botanical Magazine reads like a who's who of the best bo- tanical artists in Great Britain. Mid-America Arts Alliance is a four- state partnership of the Kansas Arts Commission, the Missouri Arts Coun- cil, the Nebraska Arts Council and the State Arts Council of Oklahoma. A drawing from an old herbal — a part of the Garden library's extensive collection. Contrasting Styles illustrate some of the many techniques which will be displayed in the January exhibit. Garden Visitors... Governor Of Nagano Tours Teahouse - alan >| To 3 & \ . * ¢ a a sae —.. Ai te : eg ed ial Mr. Jack Runyan, Mr. James McHugh, member of the Japan American Society, Mr. Rick Daley, Mr. Todoroki and Governor Nishizawa chat after visiting the teahouse. The Garden hosted a delegation of dignitaries from Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister state in Japan late last fall. The delegation was led by Mr. Nishizawa, the Governor of Nagano. The visit was of particular signifi- cance since Nagano province donated the teahouse in the Japanese Garden. The Governor, who has been in that post for 21 years, commissioned the gift. The teahouse was constructed in Japan, dismantled, shipped and reassembled by Japanese craftsmen here. The Governor and Mrs. Nishizawa toured the teahouse. Also attending were Secretary of State James Kirkpatrick; James Butler, state direc- tor of consumer affairs; Carl Beckers, honorary Japanese consul general; Jack Runyan, director of the state department of agriculture; Represen- tative Ed Sweeney; and Representa- tive Russel Egan. Volunteers: A Profile In Service Anyone who visits the Plant Shop on a regular basis is familiar with the cheerful countenance of Desmond (Bob) Fraser. As a volunteer for almost three years at the Garden, he contrib- utes more than 450 hours of service each year. Bob retired from his position as an employee of the railroad and began his volunteer service here by perform- ing clerical tasks in the Membership Office for Marie Cook. According to Marie, not only did he perform many tasks efficiently and quickly, but he also was “a joy to have around be- cause he was always so cheerful.” After a year and a half Bob began to work in the Plant Shop. He works two days each week for six hours each day. | asked him about his volunteer efforts and why he picked the Garden. He replied, “I like people, | like the Garden and | like plants. My working at the Garden gives me a lot of plea- sure.” It is the efforts and time of such vol- unteers that make the Garden the ex- traordinary place it is. 4 Desmond (Bob) Fraser: Plant Shop Volunteer Garden volunteers contribute many hours in every area. The following let- ter is an example of many received in praise of the volunteers. November 3, 1979 Dear Mr. Kohn, Just last Sunday we spent the af- ternoon at the garden & were so for- tunate as to spend it with you. We want you to know it was a joy for us to share those couple hours with you and learn so much about the gardens from you. We really appreciated your good humor and enthusiasm for this beautiful place. How fortunate we are to have “volunteers” such as you. Your factual sheet was so interesting — and your photographs too. We were in St. Louis for our church's national assembly at the Convention Center. We are back home busy at work but will keep warm memories of your generosity to share yourself. Love to you Don and Corrine Slaughter New Education Courses For Spring Watch the mail for the Winter/ Spring course brochure. There are many new additions. Since classes fill so quickly, please make your selec- tions and enroll as soon as possible. The following describes one of the special offerings: Herbs, Uses and Culture. How do | grow my own herbs? How do | harvest them? How do | plan my herb garden? Does companion plan- ting work? How important are herbs in medicine today? How can | keep house with herbs? These are among the basic questions which will be explored in the annual herb course which the St. Louis Herb Society will present in April 1980 at the Missouri Botanical Garden under the sponsor- ship of the Garden’s educational de- partment. This year the course is structured for deeper coverage of the subjects of- fered. This is in response to opinions expressed in answers to a question- naire distributed to those attending the 1979 course. In the past, an effort has been made to at least touch upon a broad range of herb interests; this year the focus will be concentrated upon the more basic areas of herb culture and herb uses. Course teachers are all qualified herbers with a special interest in their assigned subjects. Mary Clair Wenger, incumbent Society president, believes that herbs can be appreciated fully only against the background of history. She will trace that history briefly. Vir- ginia Schreiber, past president, hon- Orary member and sole holder of the Society's “complete herber” award, will talk about a favorite subject, housekeeping with herbs in the twen- tieth century. Jeanne Montaldo, a past president, will discuss companion planting, which she practices, and in which she is a lay authority. Joyce Driemeyer, past president of the Society and a professional in gar- den design, will advise on planning the small herb garden. Dr. Walter H. Lewis, professor of botany at Washington University and co-author with his wife, Memory P. F. Elvin- Lewis, of the authoritative “Medical Botany”, will talk about the value of herbs in medicine. This is a subject he believes should be met directly. May Gamble, past president and an honor- ary member of the Society, will discuss how to get the most out of your herb garden. The horticulture of herbs will be covered by Mary Holekamp, a past Society president, who will be assisted by Kerry Elgin, a past horticulture chairman. This area will include student-participation sessions which will yield a group of interesting and useful herbs for the student to take home. Plants for these sessions are being grown at the Garden under the direction of Carol Winkelmeyer, pre- sent horticulture chairman. Many of the subjects will be illus- trated with instructive slides. Pot- pourri, planting, propagating and potting will be demonstrated. Each student will receive, in addition to the plants, a folder of informative papers on various aspects of the course. In- cluded will be a copy of the Society’s publication, “How to Grow Herbs in the Midwest”. Course dates are Friday, April 11 and Friday, April 18. All sessions will be held in the Lehmann Building. Course fee is $20, or $15 for Garden Members. Attendance is necessarily limited to 50. Acceptance is first-come, first-served; early registration is ad- vised. Course hours are 9:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. with 45-minute luncheon break; a bag lunch is suggested. Seed Exchange a China Continues Peter H. Raven, left, and Mayor James Conway inspect seeds which were a gift of Nanking Botanical Garden. The ongoing exchange of seeds be- tween the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Peoples Republic of China continues. For Mayor Conway's visit to China this past fall, the Garden pre- pared 30 kinds of seeds of native Mis- souri trees and shrubs — persimmon, oak, dogwood, redbud, fragrant sumac and bald cypress. These seeds were presented by the Mayor to the Nanking Botanical Gar- den — in return he brought back seeds of maple, horse chestnut, dog- wood, oak, soapberry and elm. Mayor Conway presented them to Peter H. Raven, Garden director. The Mayor shared some of his ob- servations of China during his visit to the Garden. Nanking Botanical Gar- den employs a staff of about 150 people, some of whom are students. All of this staff concentrates on botani- cal research and from what could be gathered, this research is focused primarily on food crop production, her- bal medicines and lumber production. 5 Photographic Highlights of the Past A sense of wonder expressed by Aaron Hughes during a workshop taught Summer afternoon — bare feet, by Christy Moore. to the Japanese Garden. The Shapleigh Fountain — always a special place 4 ath) ee ung o a a en on ey, tains et ae 6 panei ET ee cada ah . ¥ 9% rv ¥ ae 1 atu t seit A as Te WG a eee parte ae ey de. % at Be £ x ale $ bars? Ww. e ne, » Juno is highlighted by early flowering tulips in the spring. A hidden Wood ducks are introduced to the Garden by Peter H. Raven (left), Alan oasis at the Garden. Godlewski and Karl Slagle of the Missouri Department of Conservation. School children receive “hands on” experience at an education class. John S. Lehmann building in the background mirrors the landscape. Z Changing Seasons...A Photographer’s Paradise af * \° far), . Ice covered trees are mirrored in the reflective surface of the The Arrow makes tethered ascensions, lighting the night sky during th John S. Lehmann Building above. Summer Solstice Party this past June. Summer is a special time to Stroll the trails at Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit. 8 cNews Notes The Spring Lecture Series promises to be very exciting this spring. In con- junction with the St. Louis Zoo a series of lectures is being prepared focusing on critical habitats throughout the world with emphasis on both plants and animals. Conservation efforts will be stressed as well. The series will feature East Africa; Madagascar; Baja, California; Malaysia; the prairie. The lectures will begin March 12 and continue through May. Watch your mail for a detailed brochure. oo) The Flora of Panama project has received a grant of $11,000 from the National Science Foundation. The funding is to be applied to the travel arrangements for United States scien- tists participating in the symposium, “The Botany and Natural History of Panama’, which is to be held in Panama City April 14-17, 1980. The symposium, previously de- scribed in the Bulletin, is to be held in recognition of the completion of the Flora of Panama — a scientific catalog for all plants known to grow in Panama. William D'Arcy, editor of this work, is in charge of the symposium. ae The Baja trip would be a great way to launch the New Year. Space is still available on this trip especially planned by Ken Peck, Manager of Instructional Services. Mr. Peck spent several weeks in Baja this past sum- mer searching out areas of special interest. This twelve day tour will take you from magnificent mountains to the ocean through coastal plains and des- ert. Pine forests will be explored and a bird sanctuary visited. Missions, an in- tegral part of local history, will be toured. Special attention will be fo- cused on the local flora. Call the Members’ office, 772-7600, for further information. Ca. New members have a special event planned in their honor. February 14 has been selected to introduce new members to the Garden. There will be a behind-the-scenes tour of the greenhouses, herbarium, library and introductions to staff members. Re- freshments will be served. Co ee John Elsley has been named superintendent of the Japanese Gar- den. This is a newly established posi- tion within the department of land- scape horticulture — as such it in- cludes the supervision of all aspects of horticultural maintenance in the Japanese Garden. O™ Jim Rhodes resigned late last fall after completing the design and instal- lation of the fall show under the tent. His resignation, due to health reasons, provides him with the time to nurture a developing vineyard in the Augusta area and to do a bit of relaxing. Clin) Clarissa Start’s new book is out: (We Buy Junque) — We Sell Antiques. She has turned a love of antiques into a thriving business located in High Ridge. The book is based on Claris- sa’S experiences aS a newcomer to the field. Venezuela — A Cooperative Scientific Venture Large numbers of plants and ani- mals are destroyed on a regular basis throughout the world — it is a fact of life. Expanding populations with rising economic needs especially in tropical areas make tropical forests extremely vulnerable. Because of this awareness, and be- cause of the Garden’s commitment to exploration and conservation, a joint project has been underway for over two years in Venezuela. The Instituto Botanico and the National Botanical Garden and Herbarium, a division of the Ministry of Environment and Perishable National Resources, are cooperating with the Missouri Botani- cal Garden on this project. One way to preserve large tracts of land for ongoing study is to set aside large tracts as national parks and pre- serves. Fortunately, Venezuela is a leader in Latin America in setting aside such areas. There are, however, vast unex- plored areas which are being stripped of natural vegetation for agricul- tural purposes and therefore the plant and animal habitats are destroyed. In such areas the only way of document- ing the original vegetation is to take samples before such destruction. This is the goal of the joint project in this country. More than 20 acres have been iden- tified as being botanically rich and in- teresting. These areas are relatively undisturbed and are poorly known botanically. Concentrating on five of the areas during the first two years of the project, over 10,000 numbered botanical col- lections have been made representing between 40,000-50,000 individual plant specimens. Dr. Julian Steyer- mark, who recently visited the Garden, Dr. Gerrit Davidse and Ronald Liesner are working together on this project along with several Venezuelan botanists. The project has been funded by the National Science Foundation and its Venezuelan counterpart, CONICIT. This sort of cooperation has provided a model for scientific cooperation. Another goal of this project is to make the collected specimens avail- able to botanists world-wide who have interest in this group of plants. These experts in various areas provide in- depth information on previously uncol- lected plants. New species may be discovered, range extensions, struc- tures of fruits and flowers previously unknown and not studied — these are only a few of the many possibilities. Venezuela is a diverse area geo- graphically covering ocean beaches, deserts, grasslands and mountains which also provides a botanically di- verse and rich flora. Faced with such a challenge and the fact that less than five percent of the surface area of Venezuela has been explored, the need for continuing exploration is ob- vious. Botanists estimate that more than 5,000 species of plants previ- ously unknown may be found here. The Garden’s cooperative project with this country will enrich the world’s knowledge of tropical habitats. 9 ardening Garee Louis Winter is a perfect time to curl up before the fire with a favorite garden- ing book or anew seed catalog. These leisure hours provide a great time to plan changes or additions to the gar- den this spring. This is a great way to chase away those winter blues. While planning your garden and making up seed orders, be certain to check your notes on particular suc- cesses and possible failures last year. Although memories vary it is always a good idea to go back and refresh your recollections from notes. A few months out of touch with your garden can make some experiences fade. It isn’t too early to make up your seed order. Cool weather crops can go in early depending, of course, upon the season. Be certain to check out the new award-winning vegetables and flowers for 1980. More disease re- sistant varieties are being developed each year — a great boon for every gardener. Holiday Gift Plants If you received a plant or two over the holidays, a few tips for their care will keep them healthy longer. All blooming plants require good light but not direct sunlight. A diluted liquid fer- tilizer applied at regular intervals gives them the needed boost to keep bloom- ing. Foliage plants should not be heav- ily fertilized until they show signs of new growth. Clean the leaves if dust begins to accumulate. Rotate the pots so that the growth will be even and the plant will maintain its symmetry. Con- tinue to watch watering — dont over water. Bulbs that were planted in pots for forcing should be checked at regular intervals. Bring them into a warm dark area when an inch or so of green is visible. When buds begin to show, move to a brightly lighted spot! Keep cool and the flowers will last longer. These lovely spots of color serve as reminders that spring can’t be too far away. Forcing Branches Another way to chase away the winter blues is to force a few branches into flower. Toward the end of January or during the month of February branches of apple, flowering quince, pussy willow and forsythia can be cut. Bring in the house and immerse in warm water for half an hour. Remove, make a two-to three-inch slit at the base of the stem. Place in an attractive container in an area where the tem- perature is around 65°. When color begins to show arrange and place in good light. Some of these branches will root in water and can be potted later. Keep in Everything is coming up orchids for the show in the Climatron February 2-March 9. 10 a cool place until the cuttings can be planted outside. Later in February cut- tings of other trees and shrubs can be taken if desired. Bottom heat pro- motes rooting. After four to six weeks, rooted cuttings can be placed outside in a hotbed or colf frame until planting time. Odds and Ends If you are the fortunate owner of a greenhouse, you know that tempera- tures can soar on bright sunny days even though outside temperatures remain frigid. Keep a watchful eye on all plants for any sign of pests or dis- ease and treat accordingly. Repot plants as needed selecting a pot sev- eral sizes larger. Some seeds can be planted now — watch carefully for damping off, which is a fungus dis- ease. Apply a fungicide and discard infected seedlings. Transplant seed- lings when the second or third pair of leaves appear. Outside on warm days a trip around the garden would be in order. Check plants for heaving due to frost and firm back into soil. Areas by driveways and sidewalks should be hosed down on mild days if salt has been used during the bad weather. Take heart — spring can't be too far away. Those books and catalogs will cheer up your dreary days. — Barbara B. Pesch. Orchid Show The Orchid Show opens in the Climatron on Saturday, February 2, 1980. What better way to chase away the winter blahs than to visit the lush tropics of this geodesic-domed greenhouse. The show will be pre- viewed Friday, February 1 from 5:30 p.m.-7:00 p.m. sponsored by Famous-Barr. As a special offering, the Garden wishes to invite the senior citizens of St. Louis to be our guests for the Or- chid Show. Free tickets are available by mail by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope with the number of tickets requested to the Public Relations Of- fice. c/News -Notes Tower Grove House will take on a new look during January. Pending ac- ceptance of bids and letting of con- tracts, Henry Shaw’s bedroom will be refurbished. Because of the renova- tion, the house will be closed during part or all of January. If you plan to visit Shaw's house in January, a phone call to check on the progress of the reno- vation would avoid disappointment. Cy ed For those of you who visited Tower Grove House in December to observe the splendorous decor, those persons who worked so hard on the project follow: Mrs. Donald R. Steffan Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Tower Grove House Auxiliary Twenty-five Gardeners Mrs. David F. Orwig St. Louis Herb Society Mrs. J. Glennon Schreiber St. Louis Garden Club Mrs. William C. Bitting Mrs. Thomas S. Darnall, Jr. Village Garden Club Mrs. William E. Moehlenbrock, Jr. Concord Garden Club Mrs. Clarence Hessler Mrs. Victor A. Silber Garden Appreciation of Greater St. Louis Two holly trees in the herb garden were decorated for the birds by: Clayton Wood School Girl Scout Troop #3381 Mrs. Robert Elsperman, leader Gi a ee The Garden recently received a grant from the National Historical Pub- lications and Records Commission and as a recipient is one of the first in the state to receive such support. The grant will be used to process and index the papers of Dr. George Engelmann and Henry Shaw. The col- lection is comprehensive and the or- ganization of the materials will make them accessible to researchers. In addition measures will be taken to preserve the papers and to protect them against damage. With the increased interest in local history, and geneology, these papers have importance to researchers. They are in constant demand and unfortu- nately some papers have disappeared because there is no adequate inven- tory. This grant will make possible the steps needed to secure these valuable Papers. Se, Research projects often take form at unexpected times and places. During an international meeting on mosses this past summer in Geneva, Switzer- land, Dr. Marshall Crosby spent a few hours looking at previously unstudied moss collections in the Conservatoire Botanique there. Some were over 150 years old and of both historical interest and scientific importance. With grant support from both the Conservatoire and the Monsanto Fund, St. Louis, he returned to Geneva for the month of December to make detailed studies and catalogue the specimens. The next issue of the Bulletin will deal with this project in depth. Look for this description in the “letters from” column. om The Plant Shop will have some spe- cial offerings during the next two months. Camellias in bud and bloom, azaleas, cyclamen and gloxinias will be available, all of which would make appropriate Valentine’s Day gifts. For the orchid fancier, there will be a large selection of budded plants in- cluding cattleyas, cymbidiums, phalaenopsis, paphiopedilums and oncidiums. These plants will be of- fered during the Orchid Show in Feb- ruary. This will be the largest selection offered all year and include a number of interesting species. Special care instructions will be in- cluded with each plant. Orchids make an unusual addition to your plant col- lection or outstanding gifts for that special friend. Cy eae The Garden is cooperating with the Corps of Engineers in revising several manuals. These manuals are used by the Corps and cover several areas: turf; planting turf; trees, shrubs, ground covers and vines. The project involves Alan God- lewski, Chairman of Landscape Hor- ticulture; Dr. Gerrit Davidse, botanist and specialist in grasses; and David Goudy as project coordinator. Galendar of Events January 10-30 “500 years of Botanical Illustration” Exhibit 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m., Monday-Friday John S. Lehmann Building February 1 Orchid Show Preview Party 5:30 p.m.-7:30 p.m. Climatron February 2-March 9 Orchid Show 10:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Climatron February 23-24 Metropolitan St. Louis African Violet Society Show February 23 — 2:00-5:00 p.m. February 24 — 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. February — all month Camellias in bloom 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Linnaean House SPONSORING MEMBER/NEW Mrs. Ruth K. Richmond SUSTAINING MEMBERS/NEW Miss Evelyn Boedicker Mr. Walter Funk, Jr. Mr. Hollis L. Garren Mrs. Graves Gladney Hankins Construction Co. Mr./Mrs. A. H. Hummert III Mr. Henry A. Jubel Ms. Marion Taylor Mr./Mrs. Thomas P. Taylor CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS/NEW Mr./Mrs. James M. Beggs Mr./Mrs. James Brickey Mr./Mrs. James B. A. Bridgewater, Jr. Ms. Helen L. Brooks Mr. Henri Chomeau Mr./Mrs. George Clapp Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Copley, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Shelby H. Curlee, IV Mr. Charles H. DeCiechi Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy Sr. Mrs. Leone C. Gale, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Irwinn R. Harris Mr./Mrs. S. James Mr./Mrs. Russell A. LaBoube Mr. Richard J. Maes Mr./Mrs. Henry McCluney Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louls 11 Dr./Mrs. James E. Miller Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mr./Mrs. T. M. Nagle Dr. Virginia H. Peden Mr./Mrs. Harold Pfister Dr. G. Garry Robben Mr. Dennis Schoen Mr./Mrs. Warner Simons Mr./Mrs. Charles B. Thies Mr./Mrs. R. C. Trieman Mr. Noah Weinstein TRIBUTES OCTOBER/NOVEMBER In Honor of Maud Berger recent illness recovery Mrs. W. C. Rauscher In Honor of Hurschel and Veda Humphrey 50th Wedding Anniversary Denver M. Wright, Ill In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Lasky’s 30th Wedding Anniversary Jerry and Audrey Michelson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Littmann’s Wedding Anniversary Elsie S. Glik Dorothy and Hub Moog In Honor of Mrs. Walter Morris for a Program Clayton Garden Club #4 In Honor of Mrs. W. E. Moser’s 50th Year in America Mr. and Mrs. Carl Otto In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Eric P. Newman’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Freund Dr. and Mrs. Ben H. Senturia In Honor of Mrs. Virginia Schreiber’s Birthday Mrs. John R. Buss In Honor of Birthday of Sam Singer Margie and Bert Talcott In Honor of Tribute Fund Edith Alexsevitz In Memory of Mrs. Clinton B. Abrams Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Buxh, Jr. In Memory of Olive Bauer Beatrice Obermeyer In Memory of Mrs. Fredric 0. W. Beckmann Mr./Mrs. John E. Vigil In Memory of Rose S. Bergesch Lad and Francis Curley In Memory of Betty Bray Bob and Lynn Allen In Memory of Genevievce Berihan Mr./Mrs. Fred Bringer Mr./Mrs. Jim Bringer Mr./Mrs. Glen Chouquette Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas George K. Hasegowa Horner & Shifrin, Inc. Kathy Haupt Mr./Mrs. August F. Kehr Mrs. E. F. Schaefer Mr. Harry Scheele In Memory of Mrs. W. H. Charles The Garden Club of St. Louis Mrs. Sears Lehmann Mr./Mrs. Charles Limberg Mr./Mrs. John Robinson In Memory of Mrs. Connor Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Mrs. Beatrice Dickes Miss Edna Landzettel In Memory of Ina Lee Dugger Lad and Francis Curley In Memory of Mr. George Eudaley Mr./Mrs. W. C. Adams Mr./Mrs. E. C. Albrecht, Jr. Mr./Mrs. J. A. Austin Mr./Mrs. W. B. Callison Mr./Mrs. E. L. Filippine Mr./Mrs. R. J. Schrader Mr./Mrs. G. L. Smith Mr./Mrs. David B. Wrisley, Sr. In Memory of Leicester B. Faust Mary E. Bascom Mr./Mrs. George P. Horton Mr./Mrs. Hugh M. Lewis Mr./Mrs. George T. Pettus In Memory of Hattie Figer Orville and Ruth Huster In Memory of Donald H. Giles Mr./Mrs. W. J. Phelan In Memory of Virginia Holmes Haigler John and Katherine Fanger In Memory of John F. Hogan Janet and Bill Livingston in Memory of Mrs. Herman Husch Mary and Andy Goldberg Peggy Hellman Dr. and Mrs. M. J. Keller Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Mr./Mrs. Robert Rossnheim In Memory of Audrey G. Johnston Mrs. Helen E. Fitzroy In Memory of Martha W. Jones Maver and Augusta Feehan In Memory of Catherine Knittel George and Nadine Mahe In Memory of Mr. Edward Laufer, Sr. Elsie Weiner In Memory of Sears Lehmann Mrs. J. R. Osherenko In Memory of Mildred L. Lyter Mr./Mrs. W. H. Giese In Memory of Mr. Ray Marten Mr./Mrs. George W. Skinner In Memory of Mr. E. E. McDaniels St. Louis Herb Society In Memory of Walter Meyer Roger Shaw Family In Memory of Mrs. Cecelia T. Muller Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Miss Beatrice Thake Mr./Mrs. Emil O. Thoma In Memory of Gustav and Jennie Nelson Mr. Carroll E. Nelson In Memory of Mrs. Ida B. Parks Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer In Memory of Mrs. Mary M. Payne Officers and Directors, Boatmens’ National Bank In Memory of Mr. Claude Rumble Hazel B. Duncan In Memory of Mr. William F. Schumann Webster Grove Garden Club #6 In Memory of Frances Schwab Margie and Bert Talcoff In Memory of Miss Margaret Shapleigh Betty and Roblee McCarthy Mr./Mrs. F. J. Cornwell, Sr. In Memory of Mr. Edward Sheehy Mrs. Harry H. Hilliker In Memory of Rose Siebert Mrs. Clara Lustkandl In Memory of Mr. Lemoine Skinner, Jr. Margery S. Nax In Memory of Florence Sophir Margie and Bert Talcoff In Memory of J. G. Taylor Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mr. Frank Summers Dr./Mrs. A. H. Stein In Memory of Michael Vollmer Alma Doering In Memory of Mrs. Graham Wilson Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh In Memory of Mrs. Stanley Wurtz Officers & Directors of Boatmen’s National Bank In Memory of Casper Yost Ruth and Bill Bromley Mr./Mrs. Frank E. Dolson Downtown Business & Professional Women's Club Mrs. Earl M. Donahue Mrs. Duncan K. Dorris Dr./Mrs. Edwin C. Ernst, Jr. Mrs. John F. Eyler Mr./Mrs. Stanley Gollub Louis L. Hamig Gladys and Jack Hart Rosemary Meacham Mr./Mrs. David F. Orwig Lisa and Lori Pretsky Edward Senturia Mrs. Robert J. Walton Elmer Fox, Westheimer & Co. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVIII Number 2 March/April 1980 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Where Have All The Prairies Gone? Space, sky, open land, midwest. Those words paint the landscape when you think of a prairie. Webster defines a prairie as “a large area of level or rolling land in the Mississippi valley that in its natural uncultivated state usually has deep fertile soil, a cover of tall grasses, and a few trees.” Americans living in the mid-section of this country should be more familiar with prairies than their counterparts in the East or far West. And yet, there are almost no prairies left in Illinois the prairie state, or in Missouri. What few exist are those that have been carefully preserved or restored. At one time prairies stretched from Ohio to Kansas and the Dakotas and from Texas to Canada. Big bluestem grasses waved in the breezes, wildflowers bloomed in profusion, col- ors of gold and wine shifted in the breezes, animals roamed, prairie chickens boomed. The prairie was the sea of the midwest, but it fell to the plow — the midwest became the corn belt. Its fertile plains became farms which yield the grains for the country. Preservationists are working with determination and some success to save small prairies for study and in- terpretation. Currently the largest site under consideration is in the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas. Here the soil is thin and stoney and therefore difficult to plow. The land is used mostly for graz- ing cattle. Environmentalists are pres- sing for a Tallgrass Prairie National Park — 320,000 acres. Ranchers differ in their views of the project. Prairies seem to arouse high emo- tions on both sides. Missouri Botanical Garden is play- ing a role in prairie restoration. With a grant of $5,150.00 from the Missouri Prairie Foundation, steps are being taken at Shaw Arboretum to establish a tallgrass prairie of native grassland. Shaw Arboretum consists of 2400 acres on the eastern edge of Franklin County where forest and prairie were in competition in presettlement times. The site includes upland forest, flood- plain, forest, glades, three miles of the Meramec River, managed meadows, a collection of conifers and ponds. The prairie site is located approximately three-quarters of a mile from the park- ing lot, accessible by trail and service road. It is bounded by three service roads which serve as excellent fire- breaks. The site falls away to wood- land on the southern border. The hill- top is 643 feet in height, falling to 80 feet and a one acre pond. The high- point provides a lovely view of the Gray Summit Hills. The history of this site has been documented. It was part of a worn-out farm purchased by Missouri Botanical Garden in 1925. Conservation efforts were instituted at that time to reclaim the eroded slopes. Japanese cherry trees were planted in 1928 but they failed to survive. Hay was harvested from the field and often horses were pastured there until 1947. Since that time the area has been kept mowed. During the past five years the area (Continued on Page 3) Inside Comment ..............04- 2 Letter from Geneva ........ 2 Volunteer Profile ........... 5 Members’ Invitation ........ 5 Calendar.................. 6 Lecture Series............. 8 News Notes ............... 8 Gardening in St. Louis...... 11 Members’ Trip ............. 11 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES, Mrs. Harold Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mrs. F. T. Childress Mr. Fielding L. Childress Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam’ C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Mrs. John L. Donnell Mr. J. Robert Edwards Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr. Thomas Moore Dr./Mrs. Walter Moore Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr./Mrs. Spencer Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. F; M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Charles Schott Mr./Mrs. Richard Shaikewitz Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia N. Souers Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F: Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. S. A. Weintraub Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman, III Mrs. John M. Wolff Miss F. A. Wuellner Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Carl Beckers Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. H. Pharr Brightman Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mrs. Elsie Ford Curby Mr. Bernard F. Desloge Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mrs. Miquette M. Potter Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriett J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Gomment— Dr. Peter H. Raven Every week an area of tropical rain- forest about the size of Delaware is destroyed or converted to other pur- poses. Over the years we have re- duced the worldwide area of tropical forest to about half its former size, and in thirty years almost none will be left. In January | was invited to discuss this problem with the staff of the World Bank in Washington. It’s not a ques- tion of reversing the conversion of tropical forest to other purposes be- cause that’s not possible. Economic and social pressures in tropical areas are so great that the clearing of land will continue. The problem is that the fertility and structure of moist soils in the tropics will Support agriculture for only a few years. We know of no technology that will restore moist trop- ical soils when they are depleted. The issue faced by the World Bank and others concerned with the future is what to do to improve this situation in the time remaining before the tropical forest, which is the home of about two-thirds of all kinds of plants and animals on earth, disappears. Suppose we are standing outside a burning house. Our first impulse is to rush in and save what is valuable — the silver and the cherished old photo- graph of grandmother. If it is your house that is burning you know what is there and what to save. But what if you have never seen the house and don't know what is there. You won't know what to save. What we must do is learn all we can about the plants and animals in the tropics, and how the natural tropical ecological system maintains itself. This is what the Missouri Botan- ical Garden, and a handful of similar institutions worldwide are attempting to do. Letter from Geneva | have been here for over a week now and have a reasonable idea of the amount of work which needs to be done. | have come here to sort and begin to identify a collection of some 3,000 moss specimens which have been accumulating in the herbarium of the Jardin et Conservatoire Botaniques for many years. The col- lection of mosses here is one of the largest and most important in the world. It contains the personal her- barium of Johannes Hedwig, the first person to work out the exact nature of mosses. He was essentially the Lin- naeus of the study of mosses. Since the collections on which | am working have never been studied be- fore, they have been stored separately from the main collection. | hope to be able to provide preliminary identifica- tions for some two-thirds of the 3,000 or SO specimens before | leave. It is turning out that many of the col- lections which | am looking at are quite old and important for various reasons. For example, | have found what ap- pears to be the second collection of mosses ever made in Louisiana. This collection was made in the early 19th century and previously only one species was thought to be contained in it. However, | have found four sepa- rate specimens each of which con- tains several species. By using the ex- cellent library here | have been able to trace something of the history of the collector, a person named Tainturier, but little is known of him or of his ac- tivities. | will borrow the collections which he made and which have been stored here in Geneva for all these years. | will study them in some detail when | return to St. Louis. Of course, it is not unusual to study moss collections made during the 1700's, but before coming to Geneva | had never seen any collected before 1700. | have discovered in the collec- tions here several specimens which were apparently collected in the mid- 1600's, but unfortunately there is no documentation with them and it will be The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. § Dr. Marshall R. Crosby difficult, if not impossible, to determine where they came from or to determine what they are. | was struck by several interesting parallels between the Jardin here in Geneva and the Garden in St. Louis. Both are located in the hearts of medium-size cities and both are well over 100 years old. The Jardin re- ceives essentially all of its funding di- rectly from the city. Their efforts are concentrated on public display and re- search. In the research area, Geneva has one of the best botanical libraries in the world, just as we do in St. Louis. The library and herbarium in Geneva are housed in new, modern buildings as are ours, and the parallel extends to the point of their collections being stored in space-saving compactor units for the most part, just as are ours. The climate in Geneva is much milder than that in St. Louis, and this must help explain the presence of thousands of flowering pansies throughout the beds of the Jardin. On some chilly mornings the pansies look a bit wilted due to the freezing temper- atures, but usually by midday they have perked back up and lend a color- ful note to the Jardin. | should be able to look at most of the unknown mosses here before my stay ends. | have excluded from con- sideration material from Europe and most of that from North America, since | specialize in exotic mosses and since there are other people who can study collections from these areas more effi- ciently and better than I. — Dr. Marshall R. Crosby Director for Research Cy eee There are a number of excellent books and pamphlets dealing with prairies — locations, descriptions, proposed sites, floristic composition, pending legislation. For further infor- mation consult the Garden library or your local branch. (Continued from Page 1) was untouched and woody plants began to invade the site. A survey in 1977 found big bluestem, Indian grass, blue grass and switch grass. Butterfly weed and ironweed were the only na- tive forbs present in any numbers. In 1979 under the guidance and di- rection of the Missouri Department of Conservation, the Arboretum staff burned four and one-half acres of the site to evaluate the effectiveness of fire as a management tool on this old- field complex. The results have been spectacular. The rains of May and early August helped to produce small stands of In- dian grass which coalesced to form a golden field. Big bluestem grew to eight and one-half feet, waving wine colored stalks majestically. Released from competition, switch grass, prairie dropseed and little bluestem were found in small areas. The field will be seeded with big and little bluestem and some forbs after the meadow is burned this spring. This will increase the density. Seeds have been collected by members of the Webster Groves Nature Study Society. The restoration is a long-term proj- ect. New seeds will be introduced over the years, but it may be centuries be- fore the area can be called a prairie. This ecosystem is a delicate and fragile one requiring years of work and patience. Our lives will be enriched by the op- portunity to watch this prairie project. Wine-colored stalks of big bluestem, the rustle of head-high Indian grass, the bright colored butterfly weed, the aroma of crushed slender mountain mint — these are some of the plea- sures of a visit to the prairie. Patricia D. Duncan in “Tallgrass Prairie’, said it all: “The prairie is a state of mind as much as it is a place, this heaving, wild, outlandishly beauti- ful landscape, coming down to us from millions of earth-seasons. . . . The wild tallgrass prairie must be allowed to seep into all of Americas’ conscious- ness.” 3 Springtime ... Flowers, Shows, Exhibits The ox-eye daisy is captured in all of its whimsey. It is an escape from American gardens in Colonial times — what a charming weed. This flower is said to be a good luck charm and to have medicinal value. The spring show will feature bulbs in abundance — every size, shape and color. The tent will be in place in front of the Climatron for this spring spec- tacular. Opening March 15 and run- ning through April 13 daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., this display is a must to chase away the winter doldrums. A special feature of the show this year is an exhibition of dried, pressed, matted herb pictures. The collection has been made and assembled by the St. Louis Herb Society. Each picture is accompanied by information about the herbs used in each picture. The pic- tures will be on sale and all proceeds benefit the Garden. Sale hours are 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. daily, 11:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. weekends. Cn) Persons wanting to volunteer a few hours or more during the spring show are needed to help with the picture sales. Herb Society members will be 4 present, but additional volunteers are needed. If you have some time March 15 through April 13, 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays and 11:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. weekends, please call the Volun- teer office. All volunteers will be given complete instructions and background on the herb pictures. ie The Answermen are back — the service resumes on March 3, 1980. Each Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon two Answer- men will be on duty at each telephone to answer horticultural questions. This back-up system allows one person to use reference materials and record questions while the other person acts as spokesman. The new numbers are: 577-5143, 5144 and 5145. GQ The Seventh Annual North Ameri- can Prairie Conference will be held “Liberty tea” was made by colonists from a collection of leaves twigs, flowers and sometimes bark of plants found in the new world. Though the tea had little medicinal value, its flavor imitated that of the more precious Asian teas. August 4-6, 1980 at Southwest Mis- souri State University in Springfield. Additional hosts include the Missouri Prairie Foundation, Missouri Depart- ment of Conservation, Missouri De- partment of Natural Resources, the Society for Range Management, Mis- souri Botanical Garden and the Nature Conservancy. For further information please write: Seventh North American Prairie Conference Department of Life Services Southwest Missouri State University Springfield, Missouri 65802 Tom K. Smith, Jr., President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director People In The News The Taylors’ volunteer efforts are considerable — thanks to a great couple! Congratulations to Erna Eisendrath — 1979 Woman of Achievement — Natural History. Mrs. Eisendrath’s as- sociation with the Garden dates to the time of Dr. Edgar Anderson who en- couraged her botanical interest. With that encouragement, she went back to school at Washington University and obtained her masters degree in 1960. Dr. Anderson recommended that she teach his classes and she has been doing that ever since. In addition to her teaching career, Mrs. Eisendrath is the author of “Mis- souri Wildflowers of the St. Louis Area” published by Missouri Botanical Garden. The book is the culmination of many years of research. Mr. Steven A. Frowine, currently Di- rector of the Pittsburgh Garden Center, has been appointed Chairman of Indoor Horticulture. He will assume his new position at the Garden April 15. Mr. Frowine is a graduate of Ohio State and holds a masters degree in ornamental horticulture and horticul- ture education from Cornell University. He served as supervisor of education at Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, and editor and activities coordinator at the Garden Center of Greater Cleve- land before becoming director in Pittsburgh. Steven A. Frowine The Taylor family is well represented at the Garden. Both Frank and Catherine spend each Thursday in dif- ferent areas of activity. Frank is a familiar figure making mail rounds with Kurt Schwartz. In ad- dition to the mail rounds Frank, who is 77 years old, carries out special proj- ects for Kurt. Catherine works in the volunteer of- fice for Peggy Brockmann each Thursday morning. She answers the telephone, provides information and performs many clerical tasks. Her many years working as a receptionist for a physician provided lots of experi- ence in these areas. At lunch time Catherine walks to the Maintenance building to join Frank for lunch. In the afternoon Catherine works in the Herbarium for Dr. John Dwyer. To quote John, “I plan my day around Catherine on Thursday.” -wweweweveevvuvuvuvvuvuvevevuevevwvuevevuevevevevevevevevwvrevwvewet™ eee OD ODDO OD OD EDPDD DID OD DOD DOD POD OP ODP ODP DP RR RRR AD DD HD -wwevwvrevuvueww. q ( ! ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ‘ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ' ( ( ( ( ‘ ( ( : ( ! ( ! ( ( b Invitation Here is your invitation to the Members Spring Show Preview Saturday, March 15, 1980 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Members may bring guests — free! Special Gift drawing for guests Free Herb Plant (to first 5|00 Members) 15% Discounts for Members at The Garden Gate Shop, Plant Shop and the Greenery Restaurant Present membership -wwvwvrvwvwvevwvevevuvuvuevuvwveww" OOD DED DDD DDD rwwevrvevevevVvewVwewVuevVueuewuwrwewvwvevVvuevVwvewvueevweweweewvweewvwevwewevwvewevwvewevwevwvevwveweweweowewewrewermlmwmhmwcmhmlmcm hl card for admittance. va n*n*an* nn wweeweleereeereewerewerewewewevwewewvwewewevwevwvrevevevevvwvvvuwvwevwvevwvvvuvwvevweweweweowwrewwermhlmwmhmlcCvCmhmmCmh i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i a i a i i i i dt te ORGANIC GARDENING SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS SPRING SHAW ARBORETUM LECTURE SERIES GARDENING MEMBERS’ DAY SPRING FLOWER SHOW BEGINS DAILY UNTIHI \PRIL 13 s ORGANK GARDENING 16 17 FROM THE GROUND UP LECTURE: ENGLISH GARDENS . SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS SHAW ARBORETUM GARDENING FROM THE GROUND UP GARDENING PHOTOGRAPHY WORKSHOP (BASIC) e INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS (EDUCATION BIBLICAL PLANTS EVENING HIKES AT THE EXHIBII SHAW ARBORETUM MARCH 22-APRII 23 24 FROM THE GROUND UP 26 SPRING LECTURE SERIES SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS GARDENING SHAW ARBORETUM FROM THE GROUND UP 30 31 PRUNING LEHMANN BUILDING PHOTOGRAPHY SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS THE CULTURE OF WORKSHOP SHAW ARBORETUM CACTI & SUCCULENTS (ADVANCED) GARDENING SPRING FROM THE GROUND UP LECTURE SERIES SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS THE CULTURE OF GARDENING HERBS SHAW ARBORETUM CACTI & SUCCULENTS FROM THE GROUND UP USES AND CULTURE GARDENING EVENING HIKES AT THI FROM THE GROUND UP SHAW ARBORETUM ROSE CLINIC SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS GARDENING HERBS DEMONSTRATION SHAW ARBORETUM FROM THE GROUND UP USES AND CULTURI SPECIAL LECTURE SPRING GARDENING DR. NORMAN MYERS ; ean PLANT SALE WITH FLOWERS AND ; ulpteabasd : GARDENING CRT IC “THE SINKING AR VEGETABLES (EDUC - ae a mE Seas ene HOME ORCHID CULTURE GARDENING a SPAtes oa : FROM THE GROUND UP GARDENING NATURAL HISTORY TOURS . FROM THE GROUND UP ING pr : SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS SPRING i : MUIR TREK ER etn ee SHAW ARBORETUM LECTURE SERIES APRIL 25—27 ORGANIC GARDENING MINIATURE FLOWER SUNDAY BONSAI CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAI SPRING PLANT SALI SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS SHAW ARBORETUM Ny FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL: PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENT Florence Guth retires. Florence Guth celebrated her 20th anniversary at the Garden January 15. Upon this occasion she announced her retirement effective February 1, 1980. Mrs. Guth began working at the Garden on a temporary assignment checking mailing lists of Friends. Shortly thereafter she became secre- tary to Edgar Anderson and Hugh Cut- ler. In addition she arranged tours for school children; worked for Ken Peck; helped George Pring; and worked the switchboard. With such a background, Florence was a natural candidate for the posi- tion of executive secretary to the direc- tor. She assumed this position in 1965 when Dr. David M. Gates was director. When Dr. Peter H. Raven became di- rector August 1, 1971, Mrs. Guth be- came his executive secretary, a posi- tion she held until her retirement. Colleagues of Mrs. Guth have begun a fund to plant a tree in tribute to her and her many years of dedi- cated service to the Garden. When questioned regarding her fu- ture plans, Florence answered “| ex- pect to do some traveling, and to be- come a Garden Volunteer.” G™ An independent study of the Mis- souri Botanical Garden's financial projections has concluded that the Garden will accumulate an $8 million 8 deficit over the next ten years unless new sources of income are found or program activities are reduced. The study by the Governmental Research Institute, a St. Louis policy study group, dealt with operating funds only and did not consider additional expen- ditures needed for buildings and facilities. According to Dr. Peter Raven, Direc- tor of the Garden, the Institute’s analysis confirms the Garden’s own projections. Some form of major tax support appears to be the only possi- ble way to fill the gap and allow the Garden's many programs to continue. One solution sought by the Garden is support through the Zoo-Museum Dis- trict. Dr. Raven said, “The study shows that Zoo-Museum District funding would enable the Garden to continue operating with a balanced budget for the forseeable future.” Cy ed The spring lecture series is an excit- ing venture this year. Entitled “Habitats in Peril” the lectures are a cooperative undertaking with the St. Louis Zoo. Each lecture will feature a botanist and a zoologist who will explore threatened ecosystems. March 12 Madagascar March 26 East Africa April 9 North American Deserts April 23 Maylaysia May 7 North American Prairies All lectures will take place in the au- ditorium of the John S. Lehmann Build- ing at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. These lectures are for Members of the Gar- den and Friends of the Zoo. A special display in the lobby will be prepared for each lecture which will include rare books, herbarium sheets and an animal indigenous to the par- ticular habitat when possible. Ques- tions will be answered by representa- tives of the Garden and Zoo. Se, Special wildflower walks can be ar- ranged at Shaw Arboretum. A guided two hour tour with a ride in the wilder- ness wagon can provide a unique ex- perience for your group. The minimum number is 15 persons with a 28 person maximum limit. These tours are available Monday through Saturday by calling the Ar- boretum. From April 5-June 15 the Wilderness Wagon will run on Sun- days every hour from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. The charge will be $1.50 per adult and $1.00 per child. Om™ The spring membership solicitation is now underway. The goal for this year is 3,600 new members. We would like to encourage all of you to bring friends to the Garden to intro- duce them to the facility and its pro- grams. You as members are the best advertisement for recruitment. Muriel Poston returns after a six month absence to assume the new position of Administrative Curator of the Herbarium. Dr. Marshall Crosby announced the appointment of Muriel E. Poston as administrative curator of the her- barium. In her new position, Dr. Poston will be supervising all of the activities of the herbarium and its staff. Dr. Poston obtained her under- graduate degree in biology from Stan- ford University and both of her graduate degrees from the University of California — Los Angeles. She has taught at Stanford, University of California, Santa Monica City College and Washington High School in Los Angeles. Her research background is extensive. Dr. Poston served as a postdoctoral fellow at Missouri Botanical Garden 1978-1979. Her field of interest fo- cuses on the problems in vascular plant systematics of neotropical groups. cNews -Notes Tom K. Smith, Jr., has been re- elected president of the Board of Trus- tees of the Garden, announced Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Mr. Smith has served as the board president for the past five years. Other officers elected were William R. Orthwein, Jr., chairman of the McDonnell Douglas Automation Com- pany, first vice-president; Daniel L. Schlafly, second vice-president; Charles W. Orner, Garden assistant di- rector and controller, secretary. In other board action, Mr. Howard F. Baer was appointed honorary trustee. Mr. Baer, board member for 20 years has been instrumental in leading the Garden toward the culmination of the master plan with the construction of the Visitor Center scheduled to begin this spring. Louis S. Sachs, president of Sachs Properties, Inc., and vice-chairman and chief executive officer of Sachs Electric Company has been elected to fill the board vacancy created by Mr. Baer’s appointment. Mr. Sachs has been interested and involved with the Garden for many years. Currently he is directly involved in construction in progress. He was recently elected to the board of Washington University, serves in a similar capacity for the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, St. Louis Union Trust, the St. Louis Symphony and other cultural and charitable in- Stitutions. Louis S. Sachs The Garden Gate Shop has a fantastic array of baskets in every size shape and form — just in time for Easter. There are china bunnies, ceramic eggs, silk flowers and many other items. Shopping on March 15 will provide a 15% discount. The Spring Plant Sale will be bigger than ever this year. Mark your calen- dar so that you won't miss this impor- tant event; Friday, April 25 — 10:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m.; Saturday, April 26 and Sunday, and April 27 — 9:00 a.m.- 5:00 p.m. The sale will take place in the Plant Shop, Orchid range and Head House. The pre-sale on Friday will offer all items to Members at a 20% discount. Non-members may attend on Friday, but will not receive a discount. Satur- day and Sunday the sale is open to the public who may enter through the west gate of the visitors’ parking lot and all purchases will be discounted 10%. Members again will receive a 20% discount. The selection of plant materials in- cludes deciduous trees and shrubs, evergreens, herbs, perennials, bulbs, vegetable and bedding plants, hang- ing baskets, ground cover and the usual selection of house plants. This is an ideal opportunity to select materials for your garden. The selection will be larger than usual this year. Don't miss the Spring Plant Sale. Cp—™~— An application for a $700,000 grant for the Garden’s new Visitor Center was filed with the National Endowment for the Arts on January 3, 1980. The grant, if approved, will provide a matching dollar for every $4 in new or increased contributions and member- ships. The program, part of NEA’s Challenge Grant Program, is designed to encourage donors to increase their level of support for cultural institutions. An announcement of grants awarded for 1980 will be made on or about Oc- tober 1, 1980. 9 cNews Notes A special lecture will be given April 22, 1980 — “The Sinking Ark — Con- servation in the Tropics” — by Dr. Norman Myers, outstanding author and research scientist. The lecture will be given at 3:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. According to Dr. Myers, of the five to ten million species on earth, we could well lose at least one million by the end of the century. It is probable that we may be losing one species per day. Extinction of species constitutes an ir- reversible loss — once a species dis- appears it is gone forever. Many of these could be of economic value. The main process by which species are driven extinct is loss of habitat which occurs mainly through economic exploitation. This is certainly true of the tropical moist forests. These forests could provide food, drugs and timber yet they are being destroyed for timber and pastureland to raise beef. The problems of the declining tropi- cal forests and that of disappearing species in general can be seen as being intimately related. In fact the challenge of conservation of species is a microcosm of broader problems that arise from integrated living in the global village. Dr. Myers, who is a roving editor for International Wildlife and a field editor for Defenders of Wildlife is eminently qualified to discuss these problems. Born in England, Dr. Myers now re- sides in Nairobi-Kenya, but also spends a great deal of his time travel- ing doing field research. His list of on- going consultations is overwhelming. This is certain to be an exciting event — don't miss it. Cy ead Many surprises await visitors to the Garden this spring. The main entrance will be adorned with large hanging baskets which will be planted with seasonal plant materials. The Climat- ron steps will be enhanced by large containers which will be planted with geraniums. A new rose arbor will soon be in place in the Gladney Rose Garden. New perennial beds will be planted in front of the Linnaean House which is now resplendent with restored win- dows on the north side. Phase one of 10 the restoration is now complete. The beds from the main gate to the Climatron will display spring bulbs at their best in all their rainbow hues. A new addition will be a display of parrot tulips behind the Climatron. The Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden will have All America Rose test selec- tions in the first terrace beds. These beds are closest to the Shapleigh Fountain. Here visitors can see roses being tested for beauty, color, hardi- ness, and hybrid vigor before release for public sale. Cue. The Henry Shaw Fund which was established in 1979 to seek funding for the Garden's program activities ex- ceeded its goal by $11,000 according to Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr., Chairman. Wuertenbaecher led a team of volunteers who agreed to raise $175,000 in the six-month period between July 1 and December 31, 1979. The actual amount raised was $186,000. The goal for the twelve- month period ending December 31, 1980, is $325,000. (Ce, It all began with a group of seven people in Tulsa, Oklahoma. These people were interested in preserving nature’s botanical bounty especially of the roadsides. From this beginning the program has grown and has been reinforced by the National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. In cooperation with the De- partment of Conservation wildflower seeds have been sown along the roadsides and mowing delayed until blooming is finished. As a tribute to this effort “America’s Wildflowers” have been depicted bo- tanically correctly on a collection of li- nens sold by J.C.Penney stores. A small percentage of the profit returns to the National Council of State Gar- den Clubs, Inc. to be used for re- search. The Garden has been cooperating with the National Council in the compi- lation of a Wildflower Directory to be completed in March. This enormous effort spearheaded by Rick Daley and Gene Sullivan is basically aimed at getting people in touch with the ex- perts. The country has been divided into six regions. Experts have been contacted in these areas. The results of these contacts are being compiled and will include general propagation techniques, seed sources, and bibliog- raphies. About 75 copies will be produced for placement with Garden Clubs and li- braries. It’s aimed at the non-botanist. O™ A reminder that the tea room is open for lunch on Tuesday and Thursday by reservation only. Call 577-5150 before noon Monday or before noon Wed- nesday. Hot lunches will be served until April 29. Beginning May 1, the menu will change to a chicken salad or a fruit salad. The tea room will seat forty and special arrangements can be made for groups. (7-™ The Arts and Education Council of Greater St. Louis is a federation of educational and cultural organizations in the St. Louis area. As part of the Council's franchise, it provides certain types of publicity, coordinating ser- vices and financial support to its funded members. Missouri Botanical Garden, as such a member, depends on the Council for an important part of its operating budget. Therefore, during the Arts and Education Council's an- nual fund drive, we are called upon to participate in their phonathon. This year will mark the fourth year of this program. We need 30 people for each session on two Saturday morn- ings from 9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon. There will be Garden staff, members and volunteers participating in both of the sessions. We hope we can count on your help once again. Please fill out the follow- ing form, or call 577-5187. Mail to: Mrs. Peggy Brockmann Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 Name: Address: Zip Phone: Session Available: Saturday, March 8, 1980 9:00-12:00 Saturday, March 15, 1980 9:00-12:00 Gardening indt Louis As the days become longer, thoughts turn more and more to work- ing in the garden. It is always tempting to rush the season. March often brings very wintery weather so begin with some moderation. Early flowering bulbs will poke up here and there as days grow warmer. There is nothing as cheerful as crocus and daffodils after the long winter wait for spring. As bulbs bloom, let foliage remain and mature, do not remove. Spring Cleanup As weather permits, begin to clean up the garden of the winter accumula- tion. Clean up flower beds and lawns. If mulch is removed, replace as mulch keeps down weeds, keeps soil evenly moist and as it breaks down adds nut- rients to the soil. Early spring is a good time to get mulches in place before weeds have a chance to get estab- lished. All shrubs benefit from mulch- ing especially rhododendrons and azaleas. Lawns should be fertilized after cleaning. Apply a balanced fertilizer following the manufacturer’s instruc- tions. Apply a pre-emergent weed kill- er for crabgrass around the middle of April. Don't use weed killers on newly seeded areas — wait at least six weeks. Vegetable Garden If your vegetable garden was pre- pared last fall, it should be ready to work as weather permits. A balanced fertilizer should be worked into the soil prior to planting. Early cool weather Crops can go in as soon as the soil is workable. Plan your vegetable garden care- fully to make best use of your space. Interplant small fast growing vegeta- bles between rows of slower growing varieties. As the faster growing ones are harvested, the slower growing var- ieties can use the space. Cover pathways with straw or wood chips making the garden accessible even in bad weather. If you don't have space for a vege- table garden, consider planting some in large containers, planter boxes, bar- rels or window boxes. Many of the newly developed vegetables have been bred for compactness and pro- ductivity. These make ideal candidates for containers. With continued inflation every bit helps. Pruning Wait until April to cut back rose bushes. When weather moderates, remove mulch slowly over a 10 day period. If rose cones have been used for protection, remove during the first part of March. Prune roses during the first half of April before growth begins. Cut back damaged branches and prune accord- ing to variety. Apply fertilizer according to directions. Mulch with organic mate- rial to keep down weeds and conserve moisture. Odds and Ends When selecting seeds and plants from area garden centers, select from disease resistant varieties. Try some of the All-America winners for 1979 or 1980. If you are starting seeds on the windowsill or in the greenhouse, feed regularly to keep them vigorous. Be certain they receive plenty of light or they will become leggy. As plants go outside later, harden them off slowly. Place outside for short periods at first and increase time periods. This is true of the cool grow- ing vegetables, too. It is too early for warm growing plants. Keep feeders filled for your feath- ered friends. Clean bird houses and nesting boxes and put up new ones. Birds will need to have water available as well. Plant trees and shrubs as ground is workable. Those that must be planted while dormant must go in soon. Plant material in cans or balled and burlap- ped can be planted almost anytime. Best of all enjoy these early days of spring which always seem so special! — Barbara B. Pesch Cp) Mrs. George Preisack, a Tower Grove House guide, has given more hours than any other volunteer. She was recently featured in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch for her culinary talents in making gingerbread houses. Members Trip England in May A special Garden tour to England will be led by John Elsley this spring (May 8-22). A native of England, John has made special arrangements to tour many private gardens as well as public ones in the West county and East Anglia. The highlight of this care- fully planned tour will be the Chelsea Flower Show. For information and a detailed itinerary, please call Lise Barr in the Members’ Office. A special slide presentation will be given by Mr. Elsley on March 18, 1980 at 7:30 p.m. in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. This pre- sentation will provide background for the trip and also an opportunity to view some of the world’s most beautiful gardens. NEW SPONSORING MEMBERS Miss Pearl E. Gehner Mrs. Bernard Von Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. Ronald Lovett Mr./Mrs. David A. Wright NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Eugene Knackstedt Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte Wies Drywall & Construction Company NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. G. N. Bishop Mr./Mrs. John J. Buonchristiani Mr./Mrs. Bradford Locke Mr./Mrs. Barton MacDonald Mr./Mrs. N. H. Nilson Mr./Mrs. John H. Reuth Mr./Mrs. R. O. Williams Mr. Louis P. Wingert, Jr. TRIBUTES DECEMBER — JANUARY In Honor of Mrs. William S. Bedal at Christmas time Mrs. George D. Stout In Memory of Genevieve Breihan Mr./Mrs. Fred Bringer Mr./Mrs. Jim Bringer Mr./Mrs. Glen Chouquette Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mr. George K. Hasegowa Horner & Shifrin, Inc. Kathy Haupt Mr./Mrs. August F. Kehr Mrs. E. F. Schaefer Mr. Harry Scheele In Honor of Mrs. J. J. Carnal’s Birthday Mrs. Jo Jacobs In Honor of Misses Celestine and Virginia Cunningham Miss Henrietta Brocksmith Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis 11 In Honor of Mr. Irving Edison Special Birthday Bert and Margie Talcoff In Honor of Florence Guth’s 20 years of dedicated service to the Garden Co-Workers and Friends In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Herman Heyman’s 55th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Jackson’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. Malcolm Reid In Honor of Mrs. Hazel Knapp fine Program Tower Grove Manor In Honor of Anne Ford Knight Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Mr. Robert Nagel’s Presentation on Orchids Heather Heights Garden Club In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Eric Newman 40th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. J. A. Jacobs In Honor of Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mrs. Jamerson C. McCormack In Honor of Ms. Sara Pierson Smith M/M W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Ms. Margaret Scott Wallace Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Mrs. Ben Wells Mrs. Jamerson C. McCormack In Honor of Mrs. Kan Tripolitis Greenbriar Hills Garden Club In Memory of Ellsworth Allen District #2, Nursing Division In Memory of John W. Annin Ilse and Isadore Shank In Memory of Alan Baer Mrs. Harold Baer Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven In Memory of A. Jack Becker Mr./Mrs. W. F. Long Mrs. S. S. Senne In Memory of Mrs. Genevieve Breihan Mr./Mrs. Erwin Bloss Dr./Mrs. Earl Dick Mr./Mrs. Grover C. Farris Mr./Mrs. A. J. Gagliarducci Herb and Jane Hitzeman Mr./Mrs. Herbert H. Howell Mr./Mrs. Henry A. Jubel Mr./Mrs. George Sallwasser, Jr. Anita Sims Mr. Edward F. Steger Mr./Mrs. F. E. Wisely In Memory of Mr. James Corrigan Mrs. Jean-Jarques Carnal In Memory of Dale Grant Farmer Eunice W. Farmer In Memory of Mary Duffe Dr./Mrs. James R. Criscione In Memory of Satsuye Doi Mrs. Arimuri Mrs. Dorothy Bentley Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Bill Mr. Russell Blum Judith A. Brittian Mr./Mrs. Bill Brunjes Mr./Mrs. W. D. Croker DES Club Friends at DMAAC/CDI Mr./Mrs. T. Doami Mr./Mrs. Robert Endo Dr./Mrs. Jackson Eto Miss Mori Hama Mrs. C. L. Harrod Harusame Club Mr. George Hasegawa Mrs. Y. Hatake & Family Mr./Mrs. Harry H. Hayashi Mrs. James Hayashi Mr./Mrs. Kiichi Hiramoto Mrs. Shizuye Ikeda Mrs. Hisaze Imagawa Mr. Joe Inukai Mr./Mrs. Frank Itogowa Mr./Mrs. A. lwaii Mr./Mrs. Ed S. Izumi Mrs. Mura Kawanishi Richard and Kimi Kawanishi Steve and Linda Kelley Dr./Mrs. K. K. Kimura Mr./Mrs. George Kinoshita Mr./Mrs. Kay Koizumi Mr. Bernard P. Levin Sister Maris Stella Logeman SSM Mr./Mrs. Paul Maruyama Mr./Mrs. George Masamori Dr. Peter K. Matsuoka Mrs. Katsume Mitori Mr./Mrs. Kiyoshi Miyasaki Mr./Mrs. Toshi Miyazaki Mr./Mrs. Henry Mizuki Mrs. T. Mizuki & Family Dr./Mrs. Al Morioka Mr./Mrs. Bob H. Nakagawa Mr. Sam Nakano Mr. Tom H. Nishimoto Miss Rose Ogino Mr. Fred Oshima Mr./Mrs. Sam Oshita Mr./Mrs. John Purcell George/Michi Shingu St. Louis County Library Association St. Mary's Health Center, Pharmacy Dept. Mr./Mrs. Kenji Takeshita Dr./Mrs. George M. Tanaka Naomi N. Tanaka Miss Yaeko Tsumura Dr./Mrs. George Uchiyama & Robert Mrs. Sowa Uchiyama Mrs. O. Wakasa Mr./Mrs. Robert Wakasa Mr./Mrs. Keith R. Wilheim Mrs. K. K. Zolinsky In Memory of Leicester B. Faust Mrs. Ralph F. Bixby In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Lee Flory Sherwood and Hester In Memory of Milton H. Grote Dorothea J. Grote in Memory of Zelda Halloran’s Mother Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Ben Hillebrandt Dr. and Mrs. Harry Knopf In Memory of Paul F. Huebner Mrs. Charles E. Huebner In Memory of Mrs. Grayce Kauker Mrs. Joseph H. Harper In Memory of Katie Kuhn Mrs. E. P. Collett Roy/Ruth Dressel Friends from Clinical Laboratories Mr./Mrs. Frank Harbaugh Mrs. Ernest M. Smith In Memory of Raymond E. Lange Mrs. Raymond E. Lange In Memory of Mr. Sears Lehmann, Jr. Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm Ill In Memory of Marion’s Mother Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Hallis F. Marsh Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson In Memory of Clifford F. McClure Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Flavia Moore Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore In Memory of Mrs. Elnora Morie Joan V. Henry In Memory of Mrs. Sarah M. Muckerman Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Frank Mr./Mrs. Clifford M. Kurrus In Memory of Mrs. Saundra Olliges Mr./Mrs. Merlyn Hoffman In Memory of Anne Philoon Mr./Mrs. Frank Roth In Memory of Mrs. Earl Powell Dr./Mrs. John Fries In Memory of Mrs. Caroline Riehl Mrs. F. W. Aufderheide In Memory of August Sallon Mrs. Herman Bowmar In Memory of Mrs. A. Lee Shapleigh, Il Mr./Mrs. J. P Adams Mr./Mrs. H. E. Bergsten Boatmen’s National Bank Officers & directors Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. The Charless Home Mrs. Edson B. Cooke, Ill Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr. Edward E. Haverstick Mr./Mrs. Harold T. Jolley, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Landon L. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr. Guy C. Lamson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis Mrs. H. J. Leschen Susie/Charles Limberg John/Jan Mackey Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore Mrs. Hugh B. Morgan Mr./Mrs. John R. Moulton Partners & Employees of Smith, Moore, & Co. Mr./Mrs. Robert Peters A. J. Ricklin Mr./Mrs. David W. Riesmeyer Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp Mrs. Marcus Sessel Mr./Mrs. John Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh, II Mrs. E. L. Sheldon Mr. Thomas E. Toney, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Rolla Wetzel In Memory of Mrs. Lillian Skerik Mr./Mrs. Arthur H. Frank and Children In Memory of Amelia Sheets Raymond C. Sheets In Memory of Mr. Lemoine Skinner Il Mr./Mrs. George W. Skinner In Memory of C. Alford Vegely R. K. Rapp In Memory of Mrs. Golda Vogt Mr./Mrs. Arthur H. Frank and Children In Memory of Mrs. Peter Welker Mrs. Dent McSkimming In Memory of Mr. James H. Williams Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr.4Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Frank Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) PO. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Volume LXVIII Number 3 May/June 1980 seiwa-En............. Three Years Old Ps —_ igh Paradise island reflected [ mirror-Su a It's there. Tranquility, peace — in- tangible, elusive qualities in our fast- paced lives. Slow the pace, capture the moment, stroll the Japanese Gar- den. It is now three years old. It has matured, new elements have been added, the mood has changed and vistas have gained depth. A visit to this garden is a new experience. There are two basic attitudes toward nature: confrontation or acceptance. The western approach tends to be one of confrontation — impose a design upon nature. The eastern approach is one of acceptance. A Japanese gar- den is a celebration of natural ele- ments; a glimpse of nature pared to its essentials; an interpretive analysis of the world in which we live. It is helpful to remember that the Japanese are an island people. Moun- rfaced lake. tains loom large in central portions and the ocean laps its edges. These natural elements are basic realities of life. The heritage of gardening for the Japanese is age-old. It has changed some over the centuries, has been in- fluenced by the religions of Buddhism, and Zen, and by Chinese art and gar- dening practices. Historically there has been a close relationship between landscape painting and landscape gardening — many artists having pro- found influence on garden design. Actually artists often placed stones, consulted on design and influenced the developing art through the cen- turies. The basic elements in the Japanese garden design are: stones, sand, grass, trees and water. These ele- ments are combined in a continually unfolding manner to provide an ex- perience that opens and closes, that provides silence and then speaks. The experience is a series of sur- prises — the elements are in the garden, but the experience is unique to the viewer. A stroll through the Japanese Gar- den at Missouri Botanical Garden will bring many surprises in addition to the refreshment of spirit that this garden experience always provides. Perhaps most striking to the viewer are the pines — their structure is bare, basic and beautiful. The years have left their mark in these sturdy, textured trees. What has made this structure so visi- ble is the use of pruning shears — the Japanese gardener’s secret to suc- cessful gardening. Pines are evident everywhere and as they symbolically represent eternity — they stand with a feeling of permanence. This garden has been planned with change in mind; as the viewer pro- gresses subtle change are evident. The sparseness and frugality that characterize Japanese gardens seems more strikingly obvious. Nature seems to be more evident. The rocks (Continued on Page 4) Inside Comment ................. 2 Letter from New Caledonia.. 3 News Notes ............... 5 OalengOl .. .cc0coasdaee den 6 LIVING FOSSI ons a4 exae sce 8 Volunteer Profile ........... 9 Plant Profile ............... 9 Gardening in St. Louis ...... 11 Members’ Trip ............. 11 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mrs. Harold Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mrs. F. T. Childress Mr. Fielding L. Childress Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Mrs. John L. Donnell Mr. J. Robert Edwards Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehman Miss Martha Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr./Mrs. John W. Moore Mr. Thomas Moore Dr./Mrs. Walter Moore Mrs. Florence T. Morris Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr./Mrs. Spencer Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. FM. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Charles Schott Mr./Mrs. Richard Shaikewitz Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Syndey Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia N. Souers Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. S. A. Weintraub Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman, Ill Mrs. John M. Wolff Miss F. A. Wuellner Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr. Kenneth Balk Mr./Mrs. Carl Beckers Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. H. Pharr Brightman Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mrs. Elsie Ford Curby Mr. Bernard F. Desloge Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Leighton Morrill Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mrs. Miquette M. Potter Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriett J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Se, Tom K. Smith, Jr, President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director Gomment— Just a reminder: The new mailing address is Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 Telephone numbers: 2 Switchboard 577-5100 Public Relations 577-5122 Membership 577-5118 Volunteer Office 577-5186 Gate Shop 577-5137 Tower Grove House 577-5150 Dr. Peter H. Raven By now most Members are aware that the Garden is seeking the estab- lishment of a new Botanical Garden Subdistrict, within the existing Zoo- Museum Tax District structure, which could provide new, major financial support for the Garden. The proposal allows a maximum tax levy of four cents per $100 of assessed valuation. The voters of St. Louis City and St. Louis County may be asked to ap- prove this proposal later this year. The tax funds would supplement our income from other sources and pro- vide a stable base of support on which to build. About one-third of our income over the years would come from taxes. We would still have to raise the re- mainder, and membership income and gifts would be as important as tax support. The Trustees would continue to manage the Garden under the terms established by the Will of Henry Shaw. The only significant change in administration of the Garden if the proposal is approved will be that City and County residents would be admit- ted to the Garden free. If our experience in the Legislature, where the enabling legislation was considered is indicative, people will support the Garden’s proposal if they know the facts. But we are all too con- scious that these are difficult times to pass tax increases. We will need the support of each of our members as our best ambassadors in the community if we are to be successful in obtaining this public support. Cb YH. Gearen Letter from New Caledonia The plane approaches the island and crosses the white boundary line of the barrier reef separating the blue of the ocean from the turquoise of the la- goon. A few miles inland the moun- tains of the central chain rise abruptly, their tops hidden by clouds. The plane settles towards the landing strip, and I'm arriving in New Caledonia to con- tinue the Garden's collecting program. It began in February of 1979, with help from the Harry Freund Founda- tion and the Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. A field station has been set up, a landrover purchased, and good relations are enjoyed with the local French authorities. The aims of the Project include the collecting of her- barium specimens, the introduction into cultivation of endangered species (the seeds or seedlings of which are sent to the Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden and to the Arboretum of the University of California, Santa Cruz), the collection of cytological material, and the sending of a wide variety of materials to individual researchers all over the world in such fields as taxonomy, anatomy, morphology, physiology, and chemistry. By continu- ing the past year’s work towards these goals, the Garden will be making a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the plants of this unique island and to our understanding of the ancient flora of the southern half of the world. The Pacific island of New Caledonia is interesting in many respects. It lies approximately 1,000 miles away from the islands of Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea, and supports one of the most unusual floras of the world. This flora in many ways re- sembles that which existed in Australia some 80,000,000 years ago before that continent drifted north to dryer latitudes. Although the island is only 250 miles long by 30 miles wide, it is the home of over 1/10 of the world’s living gymnosperm species as well as many of the morphologically and anatomically most primitive of flower- ing plants. The fauna is in some ways as un- usual as the flora. The insects are var- ied and of considerable biogeographic interest, but not yet well known. No na- tive amphibians are present, and the reptiles are represented by very few species. The bird fauna is fairly di- verse, but the only mammals native to the island are bats. The people of the Dr. Gordon McPherson island today are French speaking. About one half of them are of Melane- Sian ancestry and one half of French origin. The capital city of Noumea has a population of about 60,000, fully half that of the whole island. Geological evidence indicates that during the Cretaceous the land that was to become New Caledonia was attached to Australia, then between 80 — 60,000,000 years ago, both New Caledonia and New Zealand split away from Australia as the Tasman Sea opened up. Later on, Australia was to become much dryer than it had been and many Oriental groups were to establish themselves there. After glaciation had much changed the New Zealand flora, that of New Caledonia was left as the least modified remnant of the formerly widespread ancient flora. The final geological event of bo- tanical interest to New Caledonia oc- curred when part of the Pacific Ocean crust was thrust over much of the is- land thereby covering it with a thick layer of oceanic rock. This rock was rich in nickel, chrome, and cobalt, and the mining and smelting of these ores are the basis of the New Caledonian economy. New Caledonia, in fact, stands third in the world with respect to nickel production behind the USSR and Canada. The soils derived from this rock are rich in toxic elements and are poor in important plant nutrients, and this fact may have favored the preser- vation of the original flora by hamper- ing the establishment of invading species from other islands. Much of the fairly flat western coast is today pasture land covered with a Savannah vegetation. Rugged moun- tain ranges covered with a variety of forests or with a maquis vegetation occupy most of the rest of the island. Because of the direction of the prevail- ing winds, the east-facing mountain slopes receive much more rainfall than those facing westward, the west coast receives most of its rain between January and June and very little during the second half of the year. On the east coast, the rains are more evenly Spread throughout the year. Mountain tops are usually shrouded in clouds. The flora amounts to about 3500 species, the vast majority of which are restricted to the island. Several groups which are important components of the flora of other Pacific islands are much less significant in New Caledonia. The legumes, composites, and grasses do not dominate the flora there as they do otherwise throughout the Pacific. Local endemism is fre- quently encountered. A good example is the discovery within the last decade of a new species of Araucaria re- stricted to a few acres near the southern-most tip of the island. Many species remain to be found for the first time — on the last day of col- lecting before my visit to the Garden's herbarium in March, | collected a tiny orange-flowered orchid that has never been described before. These plants were no more than half an inch tall, leaves and flowers included. They were growing among mosses on the moist bark of a tree. Not more than twenty yards from the spot | found a specimen that | believe represents a new species of the genus Sphenostemon. The fact that the mountain top where both these dis- coveries were made is less than 25 miles from Noumea indicates that a good deal of work remains to be done before this unique flora is completely documented. — Gordon McPherson Assistant Curator Floral Highlights The months of May and June will bring many plants into flower. A few highlights to watch for according to Alan Godlewski, Chairman of Land- scape Horticulture are: German bearded iris in the iris garden by the Linnaean House; new perennials in that area, as well; annuals in the beds by the lily pools — there will be a new color scheme this year. Don't forget the herb garden behind Tower Grove House. This lovely gar- den is always a special place to see and especially pleasant in May and June. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class Postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. —— _ —_ =e have a sense of permanence, of be- longing to the landscape. The islands, dry gardens, plant materials, water, seem to blend and part and merge into the consciousness. -* The entrance garden has been complimented by the addition of azaleas. Many peonies have been planted. The peony is called the “flower of twenty days” because of its lasting qualities. The bright, multi- petaled flower is also a symbol of prosperity. The Pring garden was completed last fall and features chrysanthemums. A sense of order can be seen in all the new additions as well as in the original plants. The es- sense of a tree, a shore, a shrub, a view, Can be more deeply appreciated. A stroll through the Japanese Gar- den is always a rewarding experience. The new additions and the maturity, make this experience more deeply felt. An ancient Japanese poet summed it up: “When spring comes, the branches are bent under the weight of the blossoms and the nightingales sing in my garden. Without stopping, come and rejoice with me!” 4 Togetsukyo, a gift from Mr. and Mrs. Herman T. P. The Japanese Garden eee Don't Miss... The Japanese Fesiival will take place over a period of a week this year beginning June 21 and continuing through June 29. Many activities and events have been scheduled. One of the highlights will be performances by the Taiko Drummers from San Fran- cisco. This will mark the third perfor- mance by this group at the Garden. Other activities will include classes and demonstrations in Ikebana and bonsai techniques. Many exhibits will be featured as well as special tours. During the two weekends of the Festival, the admission charge will be increased for non-Members and Members will be charged a nominal fee. A special mailing to Members will de- scribe all of the activities and high- lights. Japanese Festival week is planned with many activities — be sure to attend on a day of your choosing. (Continued from Page 1) Tower Grove House Early in the year a number of im- provements were made in Tower Grove House. The upstairs sitting room has been carpeted in an old em- pire design — snowflake pattern. The carpet acquisition was made possible through funds given in memory of Elizabeth Upthegrove Kirkbride. Henry Shaw’s bedroom is resplen- dent with new wallpaper as well. Clarissa Start’s new book “We Buy Junque, We Sell Antiques” is on sale in the House. Members receive their usual discount. Don't forget to make luncheon res- ervations a day ahead by calling 577-5150. Luncheon is served in the tea room downstairs. Special ar- rangements may be made for groups by calling well in advance. The sum- mer menu includes chicken or fruit salad, roll and desert for $4.80. ©" The spring membership solicitation is now underway. The goal for this year is 3,600 new members. We would like to encourage all of you to bring friends to the Garden to intro- duce them to the facility and its pro- grams. You aS members know what the Garden has to offer and are the best advertisement for recruitment. cNews -Notes The Garden will be open several evenings during the summer to allow visitors to enjoy this special time of the day. During June, July and August the Garden will be open until 8:30 p.m. on Wednesdays. The extended hours apply to the grounds only. Cy 5 The 1980 Pitzman Nature Pro- gram will once again offer activities at the Arboretum and at the Garden. Arboretum programs feature one-week and two-week programs which are each repeated one time between late June and early August. These pro- grams also provide an optional Satur- day for the parents and an optional overnight at the Arboretum for the children. Bus transportation to the Arboretum is furnished for the week- day sessions. Garden programs in- clude half-day workshop sessions on bonsai, the Japanese Garden, desert ecology and insectivorous plants. All programs are designed for per- sonal involvement and pleasure in learning and sharing new things. Student-teacher ratios are low and classes will be led by professional staff. Registration forms are avail- able from the Education Department (577-5140) and Shaw Arboretum (577-5138). Ct A new volunteer program is in ef- fect for visitors at the main entrance. These people will be on hand to give directions and information, to help with large groups and to generally make things run more smoothly. This new program will begin on weekends and continue daily in the summer. Anyone interested in par- ticipating must attend an orientation session and workshop before becam- ing qualified. For more information call Peggy Brockmann, 577-5187. yy “Sources of Native Seeds and Plants” lists companies and organiza- tions that sell these often hard-to-find items at both wholesale and retail. More than 167 sources of native mate- rials including wildflower seeds, native grass seeds, native tree and shrub seeds and native tree and shrub plant stock. Copies are available for $2.00 from SCSA, 7515 N.E. Ankeny Road, Ankeny, IA 50021. Ten or more copies are available for $1.50 each. C_ The Second 50 Forum is an inde- pendent monthly newspaper written especially for older adults in the St. Louis area. Regular features cover a variety of topics from finances to fun, leisure, food, nutrition and gardening. Barbara Pesch, Publications Manager Missouri Botanical Garden, is contributing a regular column on gardening. For subscription information, con- tact The Second 50 Forum, 8169 Big Bend Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63119 or call 962-9707. Cae a A new class in photography will be offered in June. Sessions will be conducted by Robert Lee Il, a profes- sional photographer. Instruction will begin in the classroom to cover basic approaches followed by field-work using both morning and afternoon light. Slides will be critiqued at the second session. Mr. Lee will discuss the principles of lighting, exposure and focus controls, creative use of lenses and techniques for achieving superior color slides and pictures. Registrants should have basic ex- perience in 35mm photography and should bring camera equipment and color slide film to both meetings. Dates: June 14 and 28 — 10:00 a.m.- 4:00 p.m. on the 14th and 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. on the 28th. Attendance at both sessions required. Bring lunch. First meeting in the John S. Lehmann Building. Fee: $25.00 Members; $28.00 non-members. Call 577-5140 to register. CaS There will soon be some new resi- dents in the Garden. The Japan American Society is donating 1,000 multi-colored carp for the lake in the Japanese Garden. They will be shipped from Japan by air freight to San Francisco, then to Fresno where the fish will be kept in quarantine to make certain they are healthy. The carp should arrive in St. Louis around May 5. Ca The Henry Shaw Cactus Society members are planning for their show in August. The theme this year will be “The Wonderful World of Cactus and Succulents”. The membership of 250 recently elected new officers who are: President: Pat Thomann Vice-president: George Moody Secretary: Kathleen Dickmann Treasurer: Clara Maurer Board of Directors: Dorothy Weitz Betty DuCharme Jean Lauman Cy au New Officers of the Executive Board of the Members for 1980-81 are: President: Mrs. Mim (Robert H.) Kittner First Vice-President: Mrs. Isabelle (Shadrach F.) Morris Second Vice-President: Mrs. Sue (Charles W.) Oertli Secretary: Mrs. Jean (Andrew R.) Zinsmeyer Treasurer: Mrs. Alice (Willard L.) Levy The Chairman of the nominating committee was Mrs. Nora (Walter) Stern. New members of the Board include Mrs. Charla (W. Ashley, III) Gray, Mrs. Ginni (J. Robert) Edwards, Mrs. Ceci (Henry C.) Lowenhaupt, Mrs. Jane (Charles G., Jr.) Schott, Mrs. Marilyn (Edward J.) Schnuck and Mrs. Dusty (Chard P.) Smith. C7 7 Susan Flowers, former Public Re- lations Manager at the Garden, has accepted a new position at the Univer- sity of Missouri St. Louis. As Director of Public Information she is in charge of all of the information services for the University. Susan was employed at the Garden for two years. 5 S MINIATURE BONSAI SPRING VEGETABLE GARDEN SPRING WILDFLOWER DEMONSTRATION WALKS — ARBORETUM NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIES” LECTURE 4 i GARDENING WITH WILDFLOWERS ORGANIC GARDENING NATURAL HISTORY FOURS — ARBORETUM SPRING VEGETABLE GARDEN DEMONSTRATION SMITHSONIAN WEEK MAY 11-19 KITCHEN BOTANY ; . THE ART OF USING WOODLAND GARDEN PLANTS DEMONSTRATION . SPRING WILDFLOWER MOTHER'S DAY Al WALKS — ARBORETUM THE GARDEN ST. LOUIS HORTICULTURAI KITCHEN BOTANY THE ART OF USING PLANTS SPRING WILDFLOWER SOCIETY SHOW WALKS— ARBORETUM MAY 17—18 THE RIVER AND YOU WORKSHOP MAY 9-11 POURS & WALKS — ARBORETUM GARDENS AND PRAIRIES OF MISSOURI ARBORETUM WOODLAND GARDEN DEMONSTRATION ACCLIMATIZATION BASIC WORKSHOP 16 MAY 16-18 NATURAL HISTORY TOURS ARBORETUM FAMILY WALKS AT THE ARBORETUM GIANT CACTI EXHIBIT MAY 17—JUNE 15 NATURAL HISTORY POURS — ARBORETUM FAMILY WALKS AT THE ARBORETUM WALK THROUGH THI JAPANESE GARDEN KITCHEN BOTANY THI ART OF USING PLANTS 2/ SPRING WILDFLOWER WALKS — ARBORETUM 30 MUIR TREK MAY 30— JUNE 1 ROSE SOCIETY SHOW 31 HERB GARDEN DEMONSTRATION F S DYEING WITH NATURAL MATERIALS FAMILY WALKS AT THE ARBORETUM PRAIRIES OF MISSOURI suena eae aieae EVENING WALKS IN THE EVENING WALKS IN THE wee TRIP ae pm JAPANESE GARDEN JAPANESE GARDEN ROSE EVENING 8 Il 12 PRAIRIES OF MISSOURI TRIP S M T HERB GARDEN DEMONSTRATION MERAMEC RIVER INTERPRETIVE FLOAT TRIP ROSE CARE CLINIC FAMILY WALKS AT THE ARBORETUM JAPANESE FESTIVAL WEEK 21 JUNE 21-29 MERAMEC RIVER INTERPRETIVE FLOAT P 15 16 ROSE CARE CLINIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL: PUBLIC A Living Fossil: Gingko biloba The ancestry of the Gingko can be traced to the Paleozoic era, 220,000,000 to 600,000,000 years ago and, like cycads, it may truly be called a living fossil and, as such, rep- resents the only living member of the order Gingkoales. This living fossil retains the swimming sperm which characterize the ferns and which may well have characterized all Paleozoic seed plants. Few other trees can trace their ancestry as far as Gingko biloba. It is doubtful that it exists today in a wild state, though claim have been made that it has been found growing wild state, though claims have been The Gingko was spared by priests in China and Japan, who cultivated it on their temple grounds. This is an adaptable tree, which accounts for its survival. It was reintroduced into worldwide cultivation from China dur- ing the 18th century, first to western Europe and later to the Americas dur- ing the Colonial period. Gingko biloba is commonly called “—— » RRP carat? | 8 The bare structure of Gingko Biloba stands out against the sky. maidenhair tree because the leaves of the tree look like a much expanded leaflet of the fern Adiantum pedatum or maidenhair fern. The similarity holds even to the veination pattern which in the Gingko is formed by two vascular strands in the petiole (leaf stem), each by repeated dichotomes forming the veination of its side of the leaf; hence the specific epithet of biloba referring to the two lobed nature of the leaf. The Gingko is a beautiful tree hav- ing characteristically a strongly excur- rent habit (pyramidal shape) when young, but with maturity at 50 or 60 years, it tends to broaden to a rather round-headed shape, a good example of the fourth dimension in landscaping, that of “time”. Seed-grown selections are available but not advisable inas- much as it is impossible to determine if the plants are staminate (male) or ovu- late (female) until such time as they bear ‘fruit’, which are technically naked seeds borne within a fleshy outer covering. The seed-bearing trees have two undesirable factors re- lative to the fruit: 1) The fleshy outer covering upon decomposition has a high content of butyric acid, the scent of which is likened to rancid butter. 2) The fleshy seedcoat presents a hazard to pedestrians in urban and park settings due to its extremely slip- pery nature. There is a way around these problems with staminate cul- tivars (Selected clones) which have been propagated vegetatively, i.e., by cuttings or grafts. These include ‘Au- tumn Gold’, ‘Lakeview’, ‘Mayfield’, and ‘Santa Cruz’. There is also a fastigiate (columnar) form called ‘Sentry’ which is useful in restricted spaces such as street tree plantings. Several factors have helped in the persistence of the Gingko, not the least of which are remarkable resis- tance to insect and disease problems coupled with tolerance to atmospheric pollution. This in turn makes the Gingko an excellent choice for urban situations. Lastly, this remarkable liv- ing fossil has a beautiful fall color of rich butter-yellow. Several mature specimens may be seen on the grounds of Missouri Botanical Garden that date from the time of Henry Shaw. A lovely, broad-spreading specimen may be seen on the eastern side of the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden. — Alan Godlewski Chairman Landscape Horticulture Volunteers, evenis and roses ...... Whether the job at hand is leading a tour of senior citizens or teaching horticulture to grade school chil- dren, Nancy Day (Mrs. Henry P) is proficient, and at ease. Volunteer somehow does not seem an adequate description for this woman who has been so much a part of the Garden since 1971. That year Nan started as a guide, a function she has continued to serve. During three of those years she served as Guide Chairman. While serving in that capacity, she also be- came one of the first volunteer instruc- tors. She also recruited others to the program. In addition to her teaching talents, Nancy is an excellent researcher and writer. She has designed a tour of Mis- souri trees. She is always an excellent resource person as she seems to have a limitless fund of knowledge on many subjects. Her enthusiasm for natural history and horticulture seems to be infec- tious. Children who are noisy, full of energy and chattering away, quickly fall quiet to listen to Nan Day. Ken Peck, with whom she has worked in education sighs and says “We couldn't manage without her.” i ae == Nan Day in pas WF teaching attentive students. Volunteers and roses — a special evening is being planned to salute in Garden volunteers. This event is being planned in mid-June so that the guests may enjoy the roses at this lovely time of day. Details will follow in a special invitation. Plant Profile: The Rose If there is a flower for the month of June, the odds-on favorite has to be the rose. The Anne L. Lehmann and the Gladney rose gardens will be re- splendent with flowers during the month. To celebrate the event, Rose Eve- ning will be held on June 5 from 6:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. This is a special event for Members and their guests. The rose is the world’s oldest culti- vated ornamental. Scientifically it is re- lated to the strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, peach, apricot and plum. Its blossoms are unparal- leled in color and fragrance. Fossilized evidence dates the rose to between 35 and 70 million years. The history of its cultivation can be traced to rose-relief minted coins in Central Asia in 4,000 B.C. The rose can be traced through history as an ornament and a medicine in the cul- ture of ancient Greeks and Romans and as an emblem of the early Chris- tian church. By the early 1800’s there were many varieties under cultivation. Today the number is greater and continues to grow. At the Garden there are 5,000 examples of 200 species. Newly de- veloped roses are included in this col- lection. As a part of the All America Rose Test Selections system, the Garden is one of only a few test cen- ters. Here roses are planted for a two-year period for fragrance, hardi- ness, disease resistance and color being being made commercially avail- able to the public. Of the 40 or 50 var- ieties planted each year, only two or three are usualy award winners. Each year the winners are planted in the Garden’s permanent collection and can be inspected a year before they are available for public sale. The rose is certainly a flower of beauty and charm. cNews -Notes The Smithsonian Institution in cooperation with the Missouri Botani- cal Garden, St. Louis County Parks and Recreation, Friends of Laumeier Sculpture Garden, Museum of Trans- port Association, St. Louis County Historical Buildings Commission, McDonnell Planetarium and Missouri Historical Society has planned a spe- cial series of events beginning Sun- day, May 11, 1980. The events are open to all who register. A separate mailing will list all events. There will be two lectures in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium on May 11. The Horticultural Ex- travaganza of the Victorian Era at 2:00 p.m., and Orchid Collecting in Panama at 4:00 p.m. There will be special behind-the- scenes tours of the library, herbarium, and greenhouse facilities as well as the Climatron and outdoor tours. Other events will take place at several loca- tions throughout the week. Watch the mail for the special brochure describing all of the events from the Smithsonian. CSD The Botany department has re- ceived an award from the National Re- tired Teachers Association of Retired Persons: Senior Citizens Service Em- ployment Program in recognition of the Garden’s participation in the agency program. Several of the plant mounters working in the herbarium came to work here under the auspices of the SCSEP. The award was accepted by Marion Albright, mounting supervisor, on be- half of the Garden. C“_ The Garden library adds many new titles to its shelves each month. Many of these books are highly scien- tific and technical, but many are ac- quired for our membership. Carla Lange, assistant librarian, has provided brief reviews of four new books she feels would be of interest to our members. 10 Curtis’ Wunderwelt der Blumen, with 120 illustrations from the famous Curtis’ Botanical Magazine for the years 1787 to 1807 with new descrip- tions by Tyler Whittle and C.D.K. Cook, published by Edition Colibiri, Bern, Switzerland in 1979. The illustra- tions in this work are ‘faithful’ repro- ductions from the original copper- plates, all handcolored, used by William Curtis in his Botanical Magazine. The plates are accom- panied by a description of the plants, their synonyms from the pre-Linnean era, their origin, time of flowering and tips for their cultivation. Nature into Art — A Treasury of Great Natural History Books by Hand- asyde Buchanan, published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in London in 1979. The beautiful plates in this work are reproductions from old natural his- tory books published between 1700 and 1900. They are a selection of the best illustrations of birds, flowers, fruits, trees, gardens, animals, fish, in- sects and shells taken from these books. As the author says in his intro- duction ‘All the plates in this book are intended to be enjoyed as things of beauty’. Want to fly a kite? The Garden Gate Shop has a large selection of unusual kites — this one featuring a lavendar thistle on a dark background. You'll also find dragons, as well. Gifts, books and things for summer are all in the Shop. The Natural History of the Land of the Bible by Azaria Alon, published by Doubleday & Co. in 1978. The beauti- ful black and white and colored photo- graphs in this work give a lively ac- count of the fascinating flora and fauna of the lands of the Bible. Voice for the Earth, edited by Ann Gilliam and published by Sierra Books in San Francisco in 1979. Here the reader will find highlights from nearly nine decades of Sierra Club writings which advanced the cause of en- vironmentalism. Voices for the Earth represents a history of the conserva- tion efforts in North America. The library is open to Members 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Cen, The sixth annual Shaw Neighbor- hood Spring House Tour will take place on May 3 and 4 from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. This years tour will high- light architecture, design and lifestyle in the neighborhood. For ticket infor- mation call 771-3101. Gardening int Louis Nature seems to have been storing up all of her bounties for the months of May and June. The birds are busily making their nests or finishing them — their songs and twitterings fill the warm air. Flowers seem to abound and scent the breeze with a multitude of fragrances. The busy time of the year for the gardeners is here! Bulb Care A well balanced fertilizer should be applied to early flowering bulbs. This is the time when these bulbs build up energies for next blooming season. Allow the foliage to mature and die down before removing. It is a good idea to mark the location of the bulbs with stakes. When annu- als are interplanted you can avoid the bulbs. If transplanting bulbs to another location, dig up and heel into the ground in an area of the garden where they are out of sight. When foliage has matured, dig up bulbs, clean and store in a cool, well ventilated area until planting time in the fall. Gladiolus corms can be planted every two weeks until early July to ex- tend the flowering period. These plants often need to be staked against the wind. Other tall plants may also require staking. Vegetable Garden More and more gardeners are de- voting their efforts to the vegetable garden this year. Spiraling food costs make the time investment well worth the effort. May should make those efforts begin to show. Warm weather plants such as tomatoes can be planted after May 10th. Seeds can still be planted. As early crops mature, plant new crops close by. This makes best use of space. Mulch plants and pathways. The mulch will conserve moisture and also make the garden accessible in wet weather. Keep a close watch for insect and disease problems and treat im- mediately. Water as needed, keeping in mind that when doing so water well. Rose Care To insure vigorous rose bushes, fer- tilize in early May if you haven't applied it earlier. Start a regular spray and/or dusting program; be certain to cover the underside of the leaves in the process. All of these efforts will be repaid in full in June when the bushes will flourish and produce flowers in abun- dance. House Plants Begin to move indoor plants outside as temperatures stabilize. Harden them off slowly by placing the pots in a protected area for a few days before moving to their permanent location. The pots can be sunk into the gar- den border in a semi-protected area or placed above ground as desired. Water and fertilize on a regular schedule. Check closely for pests and diseases and treat accordingly. Plant will flourish outside — new growth will soon be apparent. Odds and Ends Add color to borders and beds by planting annuals. Water well with a di- luted soluble fertilizer after planting and keep pinched back to encourage fullness. It is helpful to transplant on a cloudy day so that shock is minimized and additionally protect from the sun for a few days. Annuals not only add color, but are good for cutting. Don’t forget to plant a few extra plants for that purpose. An- nuals planted in pots also provide portable color. A few large containers, some hanging baskets and even a few vegetables in containers add color and interest. Watering may be on your list of tasks if rainfall is not sufficient. When watering becomes necessary — water well, not just a sprinkle. The amount should equal two inches of rain and can be measured by a can placed in the sprinkler path. With a thorough watering you won't have to repeat the process for 10 days to two weeks. Early morning is a good time to do this so that the leaves dry off before eve- ning. Early morning is a good time for all gardening chores. — Barbara B. Pesch C33 Members’ Trip — Pacific Northwest A special trip has been organized for Garden Members to tour gardens of the pacific northwest. Several pri- vate gardens, not open to the public, are a part of this trip. Alan Godlewski, Chairman of Land- scape Horticulture, will be the Garden representative. Since Mr. Godlewski has lived on the west cost and traveled extensively in that area, he will provide expertise on the plants and gardens to make this trip very special. Mr. Godlewski has personally made arrangements for the private garden tours. Additional highlights include the ferry trip to Victoria, Butchart Gardens, Vancouver and Mt. Rainier National Park. The trip begins August 25 and ends September 2, 1980. For a detailed itinerary please call the Members’ Office: 577-5118. NEW SPONSORING MEMBER Mr./Mrs. Shradrach F. Morris, Jr NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Cradock Dr. Doy L. Freeland Mr./Mrs. Lewis T. Hardy Mrs. H. E. Lieberman Miss Wilma Mueller Mr. Edward R. Spence Mr. Leland Springer Member of | The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St. Louis 11 NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Jacques Baenziger Mr./Mrs. Elmer C. Bartmann Mr./Mrs. Alvin J. Bockwinkel Mrs. Elsie Branneky Ms. Janet Dauwalter Mr. Richard D. Dunlap Mrs. Charlene Joan Green Mr./Mrs. David Z. Grossman Mrs. Ruth Hall Mr./Mrs. Jesse Hoistman Dr./Mrs. Gary Kulok Mr./Mrs. George Magnan Mr./Mrs. E. F. Mangelsdorf, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert F. McCormick Mr. Vernon Petrik Mr./Mrs. John Rapke Mrs. C. W. Rauscher Mr./Mrs. James A. Ray Mr./Mrs. Harry S. Rosenberg Singer Fixtures, Inc Mrs. Joseph W. Towle Mr./Mrs. James C. Walker, Jr. Dr. Richard D. Yoder TRIBUTES FEBRUARY MARCH In Honor of Jane Couitas Mrs. Gene S. Smith In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Whitney Harris Anniversary Ben and Phyllis Adler Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund In Honor of Meyer Levy’s 80th Birthday Janet and Clarence Mange Bert and Margie Talcoff In Honor of Mrs. Sheridan K. Loy’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Caroll F. McMahon In Honor of Mr. Michael Pulitzer’s 50th Birthday Dodie and Bud Brodhead, Jr. In Honor of Mrs. William Schield’s Birthday Mrs. Norman C. Wolff, Jr. In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Willard B. Shelp, Jr. 60th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. Ralph F. Piper Dorothea Seibel In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Harry Steiner's Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer In Honor of Tribute Fund Edith Alexsevitz In Memory of Clarice Augusta Anderson Philip E. Graham In Memory of Alan Baer Mary Greensfelder Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Jane and Warren Shapleigh John and Adaline Simon Bert and Margie Talcoff In Memory of Cyril Babka Joseph and Shirley Auton In Memory of Albert Lewis Bandbeutel Ruth and Gunnar brown In Memory of Andrew B. Barber Mr./Mrs. William F. Reck, Jr. In Memory of Gretorex Charles Bradshaw Mrs. Sam T. Woods In Memory of Mrs. Genevieve Breihan Mr. B. V. Corcoran In Memory of Mrs. William Bramman, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher In Memory of Mrs. William H. Charles Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm In Memory of William H. Cunliff Mr./Mrs. Elmer Kiefer Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd In Memory of Mr. Harry W. Doerschlien Mr./Mrs. E. L. Winkelmeyer In Memory of Forrest Donnell Mrs. M. S. Nax Mr. Jessie S. Skinner In Memory of Mrs. Satsuye Doi Dr./Mrs. Milton M. Honda Dr./Mrs. John Kanda Ritsuko Shojl Dr./Mrs. Mathias Uchiyama In Memory of Mr. Bill Doran Jack Carey In Memory of Dr. C. Gene D’Oench Mr./Mrs. Christopher Field In Memory of Mrs. Robert W. Duffe Bess J. Corn In Memory of Mrs. Robert Elman St. Louis Herb Society In Memory of Mrs. Florence B. Farnum Milton L. Daugherty In Memory of Mrs. Bernard G. Faulstich Mr./Mrs. Charles Oertli In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Lee Flory Maurine Inghram In Memory of Mr. Robert Gillman Arline Bradford Jennifer Germanese In Memory of Kathryn A. Gundlach Mr./Mrs. John C. Lunt In Memory of Julian Hartstein Bert and Margie Talcoff In Memory of Toya Hasegawa E. R. Breihan Mr./Mrs. A. J. Gagliarducci In Memory of Sidney J. Heiman Mr./Mrs. Gerald R. Diehl In Memory of Mr. Howard Hermann Mr./Mrs. George Skinner In Memory of Miss Anna Hoefel Mr./Mrs. Oliver J. Belzer Mrs. Helen E. FitzRoy In Memory of Mrs. Herman Husch Sue Ellen Husband In Memory of James Invkai James and Alice Hayashi In Memory of Mrs. Meredith C. Jones Mr./Mrs. George C. Bitting Mr./Mrs. P. Taulor Bryan, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Mrs. Robert L. Jordan Janet and Bert Lynch In Memory of Mrs. Dudley Kincade James M. Cananan In Memory of Miss Margaret Kirkpatrick Mr./Mrs. Clarence H. Ax In Memory of Mrs. N. E. Kraeuchi The Saturday Night Dinner Bridge Club In Memory of Gwendalyn Krai Mr./Mrs. Arthur Haack In Memory of Mrs. Harry H. Langenberg William Pagenstecher In Memory of Mrs. Virgie Lay Town South Garden Club #1 In Memory of Mr. John D. Lodwich Mrs. Albert Krueger In Memory of Walter W. Lorch, Jr. Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Aunt Lilla George S. Metcalfe Family In Memory of Mr. Sam Magita Inez Bacon Mrs. Martha Gatz Mrs. Alta Hamilton Mrs. Pete Hobson The Ikebana International — St. Louis Chapter May Killian Merna MacBride Lazier Rock Hill Garden Club Group | Al and Elinor Schrode Mrs. Viola Story Diana Yip In Memory of Willa Morris Mrs. Marilyn Drennan In Memory of Louise Mental Mr./Mrs. Arthur Haack In Memory of Mr. Lee Parker Joe and Peggy Tucker In Memory of Maxine Rosen Bert and Margie Talcoff In Memory of Mr. Marvin M. Schramm William Phillips In Memory of Mrs. Bruce Seddon Mr./Mrs. P. Taylor Bryan, Jr. In Memory of Walley Silvey Dr. and Mrs. Ted Okamoto In Memory of Miss Margaret Shapleigh Ross A. Woolsey, Jr In Memory of Charles H. Sommer Mrs. John H. Hayward In Memory of George W. Spangenberg Mrs. Burchard Neel, Jr. In Memory of Miss Olivia Vogel Mrs. O. J. Habermaas In Memory of Arthur William Weber Garden Appreciation Club In Memory of Lee Wibbenmeyer Mr./Mrs. Clarence E. O’Radnik In Memory of Mr. James H. Williams Whitehall Club MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVII] Number 4 July/August 1980 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Tropic K ERAGER-PAMER__ Water lilies and Garden history are intertwined. Dating from 1894 Dr. Wil- liam Trelease noted in his annual re- port of that year how the new ‘’Victoria Pool” for tropical aquatic plants had been constructed in front of the Lin- naean House. The pool was heated and water circulated. When the Victoria lilies bloomed for the first time in St. Louis there was a special evening reception with emergency illumination set up for the event. Public attendance that year grew by one-third because of the fre- quent newspaper references to these tropical giants. Newer hybrids are much easier to grow. The Longwood Hybrid resulted from the close collaboration between the late George Pring at the Garden and his son-in-law, Dr. Russell Siebert, who was then Director of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsyl- vania. Shortly after these gardens were open to the public Mr. Pring was called there for four months as a con- sultant on water lilies. New pools were constructed especially designed for Victorias. This unique set-up made conditions possible for growing both Victoria amazonica and Victoria cruziana. Both flowered and set seeds which made it possible for Mr. Pring to carry out his project of raising a hybrid be- tween the two. V. cruziana was more adaptable to outdoor pools while V. amazonica had much larger leaves. The Victorias in the central pool at the Garden are the results of this cross. Victoria water lilies are native to the big river systems of South America. First reports of their sightings drifted back from Bolivia in 1801. Victoria amazonica was found in sluggish riv- ers and associated lagoons in shallow water. The native name, “Yrupe,” roughly translates to water platters which the giant leaves resembled. Thanks to the English, however, whose pride in their queen convinced them to dub the giant, Victoria regina. It was almost half a century after Victoria amazonica was discovered in South America before it was grown and flowered in England. First at- tempts met with failure after failure but persistant efforts finally paid off in suc- cess by 1850. As soon as seeds were available, Victoria amazonica was flowered in the United States where our hotter and longer summers made this less of a feat than in England. Many of the early growers of this giant were more impressed with the parts of this plant that were hidden rather than the spectacular visible por- tions. The upright rims are visible, but the supporting structure beneath is not. The underside of the Victoria leaf looks like a geometrical diagram in three dimensions. It is light, strong, graceful and surprisingly stiff for some- thing made up of such flexible mate- rials. The main ribs radiate from the leaf stalk with branching and rebranch- ing in almost mathematical regularity. Smaller side ribs connect the main Continued on Page 4 Inside COMING csi ken netcoweners 2 Letter from Panama........ cs Volunteer Profile ........... 4 Carnivorous Plants ......... 5 Education Offerings ........ 6 Calendar.................. 8 Gardening in St. Louis...... 10 Members’ Trip ............. 11 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Adam Aronson Mrs. Harold Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./ Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mrs. F. T. Childress Mr. Fielding L. Childress Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Mrs. John L. Donnell Mr./Mrs. J. Robert Edwards Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Florence T. Morris Forbes Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr./Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr./Mrs. John W. Moore Mr. Thomas Moore Dr./Mrs. Walter Moore Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, Ill Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. F M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. S. C. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Charles Schott Mr./Mrs. Richard Shaikewitz Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr. Robert H. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Syndey Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia N. Souers Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. S. A. Weintraub Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman, III Mr./Mrs. Eugene F. Williams, Jr. Mrs. John M. Wolff Miss F. A. Wuellner Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr. Patrick Ackerman Mr. Kenneth Balk Mr./Mrs. Carl Beckers Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. H. Pharr Brightman Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mrs. Joseph C. Champ Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mrs. Elsie Ford Curby Mr. Bernard F. Desloge Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Leighton Morrill Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mrs. Miquette M. Potter Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriett J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. O™ Tom K. Smith, Jr., President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director Gomment— Dr. Peter H. Raven The British Museum is one of the most influential cultural institutions in the English speaking world. It was opened to the public in 1759. In 1881 at about the time the Missouri Botanical Garden was taking shape, the Museum's natural history department housing its work in Zoology, Mineral- ogy and Botany was established at South Kensington. The Museum's col- lections, it’s research, and its publica- tions can only be described as out- standing. In June the Garden introduced a series of magnificent wildflower post- ers which are a joint project with the British Museum. When the Museum's own posters of British wildflowers proved to be so popular, the Museum Publications Department asked if the Garden would be interested in jointly publishing a similar series on North American wildflowers. We of course agreed, and the first four prints are now available in what will be a series of sixteen. The Museum asked if we would recommend an artist to do the plates. Tamra and | have worked with New Zealander Keith West for many years and we knew he would be the best possible person. Fortunately, Keith agreed to give up his position with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and to devote full time to re- searching and preparing the plates. The results are striking. The first four plates are on display and may be purchased at the Garden Gate Shop. Letier from Panama It all began in 1920 when George Pring stopped briefly in Panama on his return from South America on an or- chid collecting expedition. He met a private collector of orchids there and took over his collection. A permanent station was established in the former Panama Canal Zone, and the Garden managed and developed it until 1939, when it was returned to the Canal Company. This station served both horticultural purposes and as a base for making the Garden's first scientific collections in Panama. 1980 marks the completion of the Garden’s most important research ef- fort to date, the Flora of Panama, which we began publishing in 1943. To commemorate the occasion, the Gar- den cosponsored a symposium enti- tled “Botanica e Historia Natural de Panama” — The Botany and Natural History of Panama — from 14-17 April in Panama City. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together re- searchers and students from all over the Americas to report on and discuss their work on all aspects of Panama’s natural heritage. Several hundred people from a dozen countries at- tended. In 1969 the Garden established a new permanent station in Panama, and since that time one of the Gar- den’s staff members has always re- sided in Panama and collected plants full-time for the Flora of Panama proj- ect. A full-time resident collector now easily collects 10,000 new specimens of plants each year. We now estimate that something on the order of 200,000 separate collections have been made from Panama, 20 times the number on which the Garden planned to base the Flora. Yet, we are still finding new records for the country and new species to science. The published Flora will contain some 7,000 printed pages which de- scribe, discuss, and illustrate about 5,000 species or kinds of plants which occur in Panama. A bound set of the Flora occupies about four feet of bookshelf space. But we now estimate that there are between 8,000 and 10,000 species of plants actually in Panama, based on the results of the past ten years of intensive collecting there. Because we know that virtually all of the forests of Panama will be de- stroyed in the next 20-30 years, we are now concentrating our efforts in Dr. Marshall R. Crosby additional collecting in Panama rather than producing a revised edition of the Flora. If we do not collect the plants soon, most of them will be extinct, and it will never be possible to collect these interesting and potentially important plants. At the keynote address during the final evening of the Symposium, the Garden’s director, Peter H. Raven, summarized the reasons for the need for continued botanical exploration in Panama: “The moist forests that still persist in portions of the Republic are inhabited by the richest and most di- verse array of plants and animals of the entire Central American region. Some of them might be useful directly as sources of human food, shelter, energy, medicine, or for other pur- poses, but the only hope of discover- ing the extent to which this may be true will be to survey these forests biologically as rapidly as possible and to concentrate in the course of these Studies on groups of organisms of known or suspected economic impor- tance.” “Both the citizens of Panama and those who live elsewhere have genuine reason to applaud the estab- lishment of the Darien Frontier Na- tional Park and the Strategic plans that are being developed for the proper management of this area under the guidance and supervision of Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario-Direccion National de Recursos. The coopera- tion between Panama and Colombia that has made possible the progress to date has also been evident in the development of the 200,000 hectare Parque de la Amistad on the Cordillera de Talamanca between Panama and Costa Rica. Of equal importance are the efforts to reforest large denuded sections of the Panama Canal, and for the management of the Volcan Baru park, including the integral manage- ment of the Rio Caldera watershed.” The Garden was joined in its spon- sorship of the Symposium by the University of Panama, several Pan- amanian governmental agencies in- cluding INAC, RENARE, and IRHE, and the Smithsonian Tropical Re- search Institute. The Garden's co- sponsorship of the Symposium was aided by grants from the National Sci- ence Foundation and the Joyce Foun- dation, Chicago. The Garden and the University of Panama plan to use the information from the numerous papers presented to produce a semi-popular volume in Spanish concerning the natural history of Panama. This well-illustrated vol- ume will be widely available in Central America and should both inform the public there about their natural heri- tage and stimulate further interest in its study and conservation. Dr. Marshall R. Crosby Director of Research Legislative Report The Missouri House of Representa- tives, during its most recent legislative session, passed a bill which would have allowed the voters to add a Bo- tanical Garden Subdistrict to the Zoo Museum District which could provide support to the Garden. The State Senate, however, was unable to deal with the legislation prior to the adjournment of the 1980 Gen- eral Assembly session. Although indi- cations were that the matter would have passed there also, a crowded legislative calendar made it impossible for the Senate to act upon the bill be- fore the session closed. The matter, therefore, is effectively closed for 1980. Dr. Peter Raven, Director of the Garden, said, “The Garden very much needs public support to supplement our income from gifts, memberships, endowments, and other sources if we are to continue to maintain our high quality displays and to provide the educational and other services we do. We are looking forward to reintro- ducing the bill in the 1981 legislative session.” The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year $6.00 foreign. Tropical ... Continued from Page 1 ones. There is almost a perfect de- sign. Joseph Paxton designed a greenhouse for lilies using the princi- ples of design of the Victoria for the structure itself. The Lily House was built in Chatsworth, England. There Victorias and other aquatics flourished. From these beginnings Paxton dreamed up the crystal Palace which was to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Lily House was the model. It covered 18 acres and was large enough to house a large elm tree, beds of flowering trees and shrubs, exhibits and a second story prom- enade. Paxton gained international fame in his day, but the design was not imitated. Paxton’s curiosity about the leaf structure indicated that these leaves could support weights of up to 300 pounds. This fact led to the photo- graphing of people standing on a framework of thin boards on top of the leaves. The flowers of the Victorias are unique. When they first open there are fifty or more petals held gracefully erect. These magnificent flowers are fragrant. These unique plants are always the subject of visitor’s curiosity. Along with the many other water lilies that grace the pools by the entrance, the flowers scent the air during the summer months and speak to the history of people such as George Pring, and Lad Cutak who spend so much time study- ing and hybridizing these lovely plants. om Peter H. Raven, Garden director has been elected a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters. 4 special Places... Shaw Arboretum, located in Gray Summit, offers unique Ozark landscape to explore. Spring and fall walks led by volunteers highlight the Arboretum programs. Shaw Arboretum is a very special place. Throughout the year it offers treasures to those who walk its trails. Spring brings daffodils around Pinetum Lake — these stately flowers blow in the spring breezes. Then in progression bloom daisies, black-eyed Susans, milkweed, butterfly weed, and other meadow flowers. Late summer and fall bring the golds, rusts, reds and browns to the leaves. Accents are provided here and there by patches of blazing star, gol- denrod and aster. Berries provide color and food for the plentiful wildlife. Winter adds snow to the trails and provides a perfect setting for the cross country ski enthusiasts. The winter landscape provides scenic beauty that is not available at other times. Tranquility is always present. Even though the Arboretum lies only 40 minutes or so west of St. Louis, it is in the midst of the rolling Ozark foothills. As a visitor, you feel far removed from the bustling urban areas. Special places attract special people. Three of these lead wildflower walks in the spring: Art Christ, Betty Nellums and Nell Menke. No matter what the weather all three arrive spring and fall — hot or dry, cold or wet, to conduct the walks. Often they will arrive the day before to comb the Arboretum for plants of interest. All are thoroughly knowl- edgeable about Missouri wildflowers. In addition to the spring and fall walks, an important part of the Ar- boretum’s educational programs, all three have participated in the prairie project. Members’ days, seed collect- ing and just about anything to help preserve the delicate nature of the Ar- boretum ecosystem. As such a special place, the Arbo- retum has many facets and many areas in which volunteers can make a contribution. For further information call 577- 5187. A New Collection... There is something fascinating about plants that eat animals (usually insects). Maybe it is because these carnivorous plants present such an in- congruous turning-of-the-tables. All of us have had problems with bugs munching on our favorite plants, but to have plants that “feed on insects” is a welcome, but totally unexpected, change of events. Maybe it is also the intrigue caused by stories of jungle explorers discovering mythical man- eating plants. For these and other rea- sons, more and more people are be- coming interested in how these plants function and grow. The three most common and in- teresting carnivorous plants are the Sundews (Drosera species), the Pitcher Plants (mostly Sarracenia species), and the Venus’s flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). Sundews are usually small, delicate plants. Their name is derived from the fact that the red tips of the tentacles of the leaves are covered with a sticky material which glistens in the sunlight like dew drops. This clear, stiff, sticky mucilage produces an odor that lures insects to land on the leaf. When the insect lights on the leaf, it becomes mired in the thick mucilage. As the insect strug- gles, more fluid is released, until the victim succumbs by drowning. The plant then proceeds to digest the in- SeCI. Most pitcher plants are natives of North America and are members of the genus Sarracenia. Some unusual pitchers from tropical countries belong to the genus Nepenthes. All pitcher plants have a modified leaf which forms a vessel for holding prey and digestive juices. The rim of the pitcher is termed the “attractive zone” and contains fragrant nectar glands and is usually brightly colored. Once the in- sect is enticed to enter the pitcher, it is confronted with downward-pointing hairs. These hairs make it much easier for the insect to enter the plant than to leave it. When the inspect passes this hairy area, it encounters a section of smooth tissue. By this time the victim has reached the point of no return, and after it loses its footing on the slippery surface, it falls to its death and is drowned by the digestive fluid in the base of the pitcher. After the enzymes in this liquid act on the insect, its nutri- tive juices are absorbed into the plant. The Venus'’s flytrap is a most unique plant which is only native to the coas- tal plains of North and South Carolina. Darwin described it as one of the most wonderful plants in the world. The Venus’s flytrap, Dionaea muscipula, is a shallow-rooted plant. Its leaves are shaped into a trapping mechanism which is the most elaborate of the car- nivorous plants. The insects are first attracted to the plant by a sweet nectar and the red coloration of the traps. Once the insect enters the trap, it must touch at least two of the trigger hairs found on each lobe of the trap in order to detonate it. After these are touched, the trap closes at a startling rate and imprisons the victim. The trap closes completely around its body and the in- sect is drowned by digestive juices. Marilyn Maupin, who is in charge of Sarracenia minor developing our indoor horticulture Special plant collections, is doing her part to bring these incredible plants to the attention of plant lovers in St. Louis. She recently returned from a trip to North Carolina Botanical Gar- den and to the Green Swamp to see how these plants are propagated and how they grow in the wild. She also visited with Dr. Schnell, a national au- thority on carnivorous plants, and viewed his extensive collection. Marilyn brought back from her trip many different types of plants which will be used for a special carnivorous plant bog exhibit planned for next spring here at the Garden. — Steven Frowine, Chairman Indoor Horticulture Dionaea muscipula AUGUST Pitzman Program: Great Explorations August 5-8 and 12-15 Drying Foods At Home Learn to dry foods for year around enjoyment. A food nutrition specialist will show vou how to build a simple food drver. She will share techniques and tips for drving foods, such as, fruit, leather, jerky, and vegetables. | Meeung— August 28, 1980 Thursday 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon Fee — $2.00 Instructor: Marv Siebert, U. of MO Extension Specialist Arboretum, Freund Education Center SEPTEMBER Family Walks At The Arboretum Shaw Arboretum is an exciting place tor families to heighten their awareness of the natural world. These leisurely walks help adults and children use all of their senses while sharing the enjoyment of the natural world. Children should be at least 4 years old. Please call for reservations. 1 Meeting —September 20, 27 or October 4, 11 Saturdays — 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon or 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m Fee: $4.50 per family, Garden Member Families $4.50 Instructor: Arboretum Staff— Arboretum, Visitor Here is a listing of the education programs to be offered this fall. There will not be a separate mailing this fall, so please check out all of the courses and call for further information on those of your choice. There will be another follow-up in the September/ October Bulletin. Autumn Walks Shaw Arboretum is a beautiful setting to enjoy and study the tall wildflowers, ripening berries and fall foliage. Visit the Arboretum and join these informal, educational walks with three noted local naturalists. The walks will assemble at the Arboretum Visitor Center each Tuesday beginning September 23, 1980. The programs will conclude at approximately 1:30 in the afternoon. Wear comfortable Outdoor apparel and bring a lunch. Individuals need not make reservations. Groups can be accommodated on other dates. | Meeting— September 23, 30, October 7, 14, 21 or 28, 1980 Tuesdays — 9:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 Instructors: Art Christ, Betty Nellums, Nell Menke - Shaw Arboretum, Visitor Center Poisonous Plants An introduction to plants harmful to man through a discussion of plants in the house, around the home, and in other areas. Students are encouraged to bring a list of the plants they are concemed about. There will also be a display of common poisonous plants. | oe ay ee ay et SE a. Ls | N Hh ee a rfl oth Meramec The Meramec River has many moods as it flows through the Ozark hills passing caves, bluffs, and other natural wonders. It should be a magical time with the hills of the river valley splashed with red, orange, green and gold. This trip is designed for families to relax, enjoy and explore, in canoes and on foot, the Meramec River Valley. Participants should bring their own sleeping bags, but arrangements can be made for rental. Fee includes guide, food, group equipment and canoes. Children 7 years and older. 1 Meeting— Saturday and Sunday, October 4 & 5, 1980, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. — fee: $55.00, Garden Members $50.00 $18.00 for each additional canoe Instructor: Greg Krone — Arboretum, Visitor Center all Education Programs Painting The Fall Scene Spend a day and one-half deep in the Missouri countryside capturing the autumn vistas on canvas. This watercolor workshop will include three demonstra tions and painting sessions. For inexperienced and experienced watercolorists. Students should bring their own supplies and a lunch for the first day. Fee includes a buffet supper on Saturday and a box lunch on Sunday. ( Wernight accommodations are available at the Best Western Diamond Inn opposite the Arboretum entrance. Participants wanting accommodations should make their own reservations. (314-742-3501) | Meeting — Saturday, October 11 — 9:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Sunday, October 12—9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Fee: $55.00, Garden Members $52.00 Instructor: Nicky Bottger— Arboretum, Freund Education Center Muir Trek October 17, 18 Nature Photography Workshop (Basic) Fall Field Session at the Arboretum The basic principles of organic gardening are presented in this two day course. Learn to grow vegetables USING natural methods and materials without poisonous sprays or chemical fertilizers. Help with the construction of a raised bed for early spring vegetables. Become acquainted with soil preparation, mulching, composting, selecting varieties and timing of plantings. The instructor will use his garden tor demonstrations. Bring a lunch. Beverage provided. 2 Meetings — September 20 & 27, 1980 Saturdays — 10:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Fee: $15.00, Garden Members $12.00 Instructor; Bill Davit; Staff Naturalist — Shaw Arboretum, Freund Education Center Advanced Ikebana A course for many who have previously had training in the basics of Japanese flower arranging. The instructor will provide individual guidance in the creation of arrangements. The Garden will provide all plant materials but students should bring their own containers, pinholders and hand pruners. + Meetings — fee: $25.00: Garden Members $20.00 Mondays — 12:45 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. September 22, 29, October 6, 13 Instructor: Florence Morris Forbes Lehmann Building huesday — september 25 Section A— 1:00 to 3:30 p.m. Section B— 7:00 to 9:30 p.m. Instructor: Kenneth Peck — Lehmann Building Evening Hikes At The Arboretum A night owl hoots Intense gaze, crystal starlit ‘Twinkling eves, a winged shadow flies. Come and enjoy star gazing, walk in the moonlight, observe wildlife on their nighttime foraging as we explore the many surprising and enchanting moods of the night world. A simple refreshment will complement the occasion. Please call the Arboretum for reservations. 1 Meeting — September 26, October 24 or November 21 Friday evenings — 8:00 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 Instructor: Greg Krone — Arboretum, Visitor Center OCTOBER Photography I Gardens, Trees and Plants A basic how-to-do-it course for those eager to learn how to capture on film his own, and other gardens. Covers: long, medium and close views; the seasons: basic camera equipment use; special lenses; filters; composition; natural lighting; exposure control; depth of field (focus) plus professional tricks of the trade, includes hints and techniques for better “on tour’ photography. This course iS a prerequisite to Photography IL. 5 Meetings — Fee $35.00; Garden Members $30.00 Wednesday Evenings — 6:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. October 1, 8, 15, 22 Saturday — Field trip photography session October 11 — 9:00 a.m, to 12:00 noon Instructor: Robert Lee I— Lehmann Building Natural History Tours These walks will highlight the inter relationships between plants and animals of the Ozarks. These are easy paced walks but will range over the extensive trail svstem of the Arboretum. Bring a lunch. Individuals need not make reservations. Groups can be accommodated on other dates. 1 Meeting — October 4, 11, 18 or 25, 1980 Saturdays — 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 Instructors: Statf— Arboretum, Visitor Center Plant Propagation Workshop This workshop provides practical experience for beginners in simple useful techniques in plant propagation. Students will gain experience in taking and handling cuttings. The Garden will pre wide a propagation box, rox ting medium and cuttings. Students are asked to bring pruning shears and a sandwich. Coffee will be provided. | Meeting — Fee: $16.00; Garden Members $14.00 Tuesday — 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. October 4 Instructor: Susan Kratky, Staff Horticulturist — Lehmann Building Advanced Ikebana October 6, 13 Autumn Walks October 7, 14, 21 or 28. 1980 Arboretum October 24 or November 21 Nature Photography Workshop (Advanced) October 25 Photography II Flower and Plant Close-Ups, a Workshop October 29, November 5, 8, 12, 19 Heritage Trails— A Group Journey 1 Meeting —to be announced. NOVEMBER Photography II Hower and Plant Close lps, a Workshop November 5, 8, 12, 19 Wood Lot Management November 5,8 Evening Hikes At The Arboretum November 21 a Coming in November and December House Plant Culture Bulb Forcing Wheat Weaving Christmas Decorations: Economy Workshop Christmas Decorations: Deluxe Workshop Other Educational Opportunities The staff of the Arboretum encourages schools, clubs, and organizations of all kinds and of all ages to inquire about the full range of programs available to them. Please call for information, reservations, and fees. For Additional Details call 577-5138 or 5 5141 Calendar July 4 — Family Picnic Day Bring the family to the Garden along with a picnic lunch. July 4 has been set aside for this special purpose. Join us with your picnic and make this fourth a special treat for the entire family. 13 — Ice Cream Social Another special treat is in store for the family July 13 when Velvet Freeze will sponsor an ice cream social. While enjoying ice cream, entertainment will be provided by clowns and musicians. Many thanks to Tom Spitzer, Presi- dent of Velvet Freeze Ice Cream, for once again sponsoring the Ice Cream Social to be held on Sunday, July 13 from 1:00-4:00 p.m. throughout the Garden grounds. The Velvet Freeze 8 sponsorship will provide a delightful afternoon for the entire family; enter- tainment will include clowns, musical offerings and a magic show. Velvet Freeze will, of course, also be selling their delicious ice cream. Plan to spend the afternoon at the Garden — and bring your friends. 19 — Rock Garden Exhibit A special collection of Mediterra- nean plants will be displayed in the rock garden outside of the Mediterra- nean House. The show will begin on July 19 and run through August 10. A special brochure will describe some of these plants that are suitable for grow- ing in St. Louis area gardens. 24 — Henry Shaw's Birthday This is a special invitation to all chil- dren in the St. Louis area to help celebrate Henry Shaw's birthday. Free tickets will be sent to any child twelve years old or under who sends a birth- day card to Mr. Shaw. The ticket ad- mits the child and members of his or her family to the Garden and a day of fun and refreshments on Thursday, July 24th. The party will feature music and per- formances by Bob Cramer’s Marion- nettes. The sponsor of the party is the Bussmann Division, McGraw-Edison Company. In addition, Bussmann is presenting three $100 education scholarships for the most imaginative birthday cards. One scholarship will be awarded in each of three age categories; eight and under, nine and ten, eleven and twelve years of age. The birthday card entries will be judged on the basis of their originality, design, and creativity. In order to be eligible, entries must be postmarked no later than July 15, 1980. Each card must include, in addi- tion to a birthday greeting to Mr. Shaw, the name, age, address and telephone number of the child, and the number of tickets requested. The festivities are scheduled to begin at 11:00 a.m. with a performance by the Marionnettes. Following the performance, refreshments will be served. A second Marionnette show will be held at 1:00 p.m. For further information call 577- 5122. 9 — Geranium Exhibit A special geranium exhibit opens August 9 and runs through September 1, 1980. The show will take place in the patio area of the Climatron. Featured will be a fantastic array of geraniums including: carefree, old fashioned, fancy-leaved, scented, standard and miniatures. 16 — South African Succulents A new exhibit titled “South African Succulents” opens August 16th and runs through September 7th. The exhibit will be in the Desert House and will feature succulent plants of South Africa. Many of the plants will be ex- hibited in the cases at the west end of the house. Brief descriptions of their characteristics will be provided. 23 — Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show The Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show is August 23-September 1 in the John S. Lehmann Building. Fifteen more classes have been added this year for the show entitled “The Won- derful World of Cacti and Succulents.” Many new and unusual plants will be offered for sale with many more succu- lents available than ever before. Special emphasis will be placed on endangered species during this show. A large map will be displayed showing the areas of the world in which cacti and succulents are native. Always a favorite show at the Garden, this 1980 show is planned to be better than ever before. The St. Louis Alumnae Club of Pi Beta Phi has made a contribution of $600.00 to the Garden to purchase microscopes for use by the Education Department. The Club operates the Gift Shop, Sign of the Arrow, at 9740 Clayton Road and distributes the profits from the shop to St. Louis organizations. The bronze mother and child by sculptor Marcel Rau is a gift of David Baron. The piece is dated 1929 and is one of three casts. It is a work of charm and character. The library in the John S. Lehmann Building contains a section of books on gardening and horticulture which are available to Members. The library is open Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ardening Garde Louis This has been an extraordinary year for gardeners. Because of the mild winter everything has bloomed in abundance. Gardeners have also had greater battles than usual with insect problems. However, since minor prob- lems dim somehow in light of the fan- tastic display of color from borders, the profusion of bloom from roses, the cool vibrant green of lawns, trees and shrubs, the endless produce from the vegetable garden — all the labor seems duly rewarded. The shady corner invites a few hours of relaxation with a good book and quiet contempla- tion. As the season continues it is wise to make notes on particular successes and failures for next year. With every- thing at hand it is hard to believe that such things can be forgotten by next gardening season, but that happens to all busy gardeners. Midsummer Tasks Check roses on a regular basis for insect infestations and blackspot. Spray after watering and heavy rains. Remove flowers as they fade. Con- tinue to fertilize until early August. Water as needed. Check lawns, flower borders and gardens. When watering apply the equivalent of two inches of rain. Don’t forget to check pots daily as they dry very quickly on warm summer days. Keep adding mulch as it breaks down. This adds nutrients to the soil, keeps down weeds and reduces soil temperatures. Trim hedges and prune trees and shrubs as needed. Weak and dam- aged branches should be removed. 10 Be certain your pruning equipment is sharp and in good repair before tack- ling the job. Keep annuals cut back and apply fertilizer in August. Remove flowers as they fade. The middle of August onward is a good time to transplant evergreens. Select trees and shrubs at the nursery or garden center while in leaf. Then transplant when they go dormant. Keep newly planted material watered. Divide perennials in August discard- ing the centers that are old and woody. Work up beds to a depth of 12 to 14 inches adding organic matter and superphosphate. Plant perennials in prepared beds, mulch and keep watered. Clean cold frames and greenhouses while the weather is good. Make necessary repairs. Vegetables can be grown in the frames for later fall har- vest. Vegetable Gardens While enjoying the abundant har- vest from your vegetable garden, plan for cool weather crops by planting in mid July or early August. Plant carrots, lettuce, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, radishes and spinach. Growth will pick up as weather gets cooler. Soil should be worked up and fertilized with a bal- anced fertilizer before sowing seed. House Plants Plants moved outside should be showing lots of new growth. Keep plants on a regular schedule of water- ing and fertilizing. Rotate pots that have been sunk in the ground to en- courage uniform growth. As the sum- mer progresses, check plants and repot those that require it. Most of all, enjoy the lovely days of summer as you work in your garden! — Barbara B. Pesch News Notes Dr. Lorin |. Nevling, Jr., a longtime Garden associate and greduate of Washington University, has been ap- pointed director of the Field Museum of bnxatural History in Chicago. Since January, 1978, Nevling has been assistant director for science and education at the museum and was chairman of its botany department from 1973 to 1978. Om During June, July and August the Garden will remain open until 8:30 p.m. on Wednesdays. The extended hours provide a unique opportunity for strolling during this special time of the day. The extended hours are an experi- ment to see how many people will come to the Garden during this time. Should the hours prove popular, it is possible that more days would be added with extended hours. Ste ee, Two sculptures entitled “Two-Piece Reclining Figures” were completed by Henry Moore in 1959 and 1960. They were purchased by Mr. & Mrs. Howard Baer in 1961 for Lambert Field from the London Gallery. Because the airport setting was hec- tic, aS a consequence the sculptures could not be fully appreciated. Mr. Baer requested in 1969 that they be transferred to the Art Museum. This transaction was completed in 1969. Since at that time the Art Museum did not have an appropriate area to display the sculptures an agreement was reached whereby they would be displayed at the Garden. Here they have remained to frame the view from the lily pool area to Tower Grove House. oye, A tape recorded tour of the Garden is available for use by visitors through the Garden Gate Shop. The tape and player may be rented for $1.50 per hour with one earphone and $1.75 per hour for two earphones. A complete tour takes on the average an hour, al- though each person is free to set his or her own pace. The first tape, a general introduction of the Garden, was made possible by a gift from the St. Louis Service Bureau Foundation. Addi- tional tapes on other aspects on the Garden will be prepared as funding is available. Cys Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher will again serve as chairman of the Henry Shaw Fund. This fund was established in 1979 to seek funding for the Gar- den's program activities. The goal for the 1980 fund drive is $325,000.00. GO™ The National Science Foundation has announced the award of a grant of approximately $1 million to support the research-oriented operations of the Missouri Botanical (Shaw’s) Garden here, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. “We welcome this grant because of the importance of our research work here at the Garden and around the world,’ Dr. Raven said, “which could not be continued without this kind of significant public support.” The grant will support a five-year program of work within the Garden's Herbarium, a plant “library” which in- cludes more than three million plant specimens and which represents an invaluable asset to research scientists working in the fields of botany and hor- ticulture. Specimens from the Her- barium are placed at the disposal of research workers in plant systematics worldwide. During the past five years, for instance, more than 100,000 sheets of specimens have been re- leased on loan to scientists to assist in their research efforts. Funds from the National Science Foundation grant will be used to in- crease the Herbarium’s collection; re- package moss collection specimens; continue an ongoing program to stamp-identify unstamped specimens; improve the Herbarium’s sorting and identification services; and improve the Herbarium’s overall management system. The Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden is one of the most active in the world. Members Trip — Dates: September 14-October 3 Garden Escort: Steve Frowine Springtime in South Africa, an ex- clusively designed tour to gardens in Johannesburg and the Cape Town area as well as a visit to Kruger National Park, is being offered to Members of the Garden. The trip will feature visits to the Kirstenbosh Botan- ical Gardens, the Cape Peninsula, and Fernkloof Nature Reserve noted for its display of protea and veld flowers. A highlight of the stay in Cape Town will be a visit to the Darling Flower Show. You will also spend time at Plettenberg Bay to see the Provincial Nature Re- serve and even tour an ostrich farm. Steve Frowine, Chairman Indoor Horticulture, will lead this exciting tour which will offer a unique opportunity to see the beauty and variety of thousands of species of flora and fauna not to be found anywhere else in the world. For further information and a copy of the detailed itinerary, please telephone the Members’ Office at 577-5118. APRIL/MAY NEW MEMBERSHIP NEW SPONSORING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. James B. Bushyhead NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Mr. W. M. Badolato Dr. John Bonacorsi Mr. Richard Dohack Mr. Sam Fox Mr. Harold L. Hatton Mr./Mrs. Marquis D. Hilbert Mr./Mrs. Carrick A. Hill Mr. Charles Kaufman Mr. C. W. Lane, Jr. Mr. Henry A. Lay Ms. Mary J. Muschany Dr./Mrs. Matthew Newman Mr./Mrs. S. J. Nissenbaum Dr./Mrs. George E. Roulhac Mr./Mrs. David Royce Mr./Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele Mr./Mrs. L. D. Slane Mr. Chas. H. Spoehrer Mrs. Elmer Teithorst Mr./Mrs. James B. Venker Mr./Mrs. Louis E. Westheimer Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr. H. M. Altepeter, Jr. Ms. Harriet Backhaus Mr./Mrs. L. A. Bainter Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Best Mr. C. F. Bird Mr. Anthony M. Bommarito Mrs. C. C. Christy Mr. B. Coombes Mr./Mrs. Fred Cunningham Mr. Thomas B. Donahue Mr./Mrs. Norman J. Donnelly Ms. Mary J. Dowling Mr./Mrs. Irving Edison Mrs. Elvi B. Francis Mrs. Clark B. Gambie Mrs. Lindell Gordon, Jr. Mrs. Henry Griesedieck Mr./Mrs. Jesse Horstman Mr./Mrs. Ellis Humphreys Mr./Mrs. Donald B. Johnson Mr. Paul A. Johnson K. & S. Associates, Inc. Mr./Mrs. Steven F. Kane Loretto & Warren Kleykamp Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Kopman Mr. Ronald D. Krieger Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin Mr./Mrs. Gerard Leconte Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Lee, Jr. Mr. Eugene Levin Mrs. Tobias Lewin Mrs. Roy W. Linnemeyer Mr. Michael Markovich Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Martens Mr./Mrs. M. Mathews Dr. John M. McCarthy Mr./Mrs. James McKinley Mrs. George S. Metcalfe Ms. Nancy Mills Mr. Steven Mintz Mr./Mrs. Ralph J. Nagel Dr./Mrs. Dan P. O'Brien Mrs. Evelyn Palisch Mr./Mrs. A. Raymond Mr. H. Douglas Ray Ms. Mamie Rich Dr. Jacques Schaerer Mr. William S. Schwab, Jr. Ms. Olga M. Sobkow Mrs. H. T. Tankersley Mr./Mrs. Vincent Thompson Mr./Mrs. A. F. Troyer Mrs. J. R. Usher Mr./Mrs. Frank Vigus Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Walter Mr./Mrs. Paul Wentzien Ms. Sue Wheeler Major Chester J. White Mr./Mrs. Maurice P Wickman Mrs. Louis P. Wingert, Jr. APRIL AND MAY 1980 TRIBUTES in Honor of Mr. Lester P. Ackerman, Jr.’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Cronheim Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. In Honor of Edward L. Bakewell, Ill Garden Club of St. Louis In Honor of Arthur and Marilyn Boettcher, Jr.’s 25th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. A. Berra and Julie Berra Jerry and Jean Dudding Mr./Mrs. Leslie R. Giles In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan H. Burgheim’s Wedding Anniversary Elsie S. Glik In Honor of the Recovery of Mrs. Katherine Froehlich Marian and Gerry Barnholtz In Honor of Florence Guth Erna Eisendrath Garden Club of St. Louis Mrs. Charles Lamy Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson In Honor of Mrs. Charles Hardie Delmar Garden Club In Honor of Mrs. Robert Kittner Gay Blades Garden Club In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Albert B. Kurrus’ 25th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Clifford M. Kurrus Georgia Sledge In Honor of Mrs. Ellis Littmann’s Birthday Elsie S. Glik In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Morton D. May’s 30th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. William Henry Schield In Honor of the Marriage of Florence Taylor Morris and Robert B. Forbes Mrs. O. O. Miller Dr./Mrs. F. Thomas Ott In Honor of the Parents of M. R. Nelson Mr. Marshall R. Nelson In Honor of Mr. Julian Samuel’s 90th Birthday llma R. Glaser In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Eli Strassner’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Ann B. Brand Mrs. Robert Burnett Mr./Mrs. Joseph Floret Mrs. Dorothy Schweich Mrs. J. S. Schweich In Honor of Mr. J. Tohtz Delmar Garden Club In Memory of Wm. N. Andrews, Sr. Mr./Mrs. R. L. Blanke Mr./Mrs. E. A. Boeschenstein In Memory of Mr. Tomas Aquino Dr./Mrs. Luis H. Schwarz In Memory of Mary Betz Jean W. Canfield Mrs. Dwight Coultas Mrs. Helen S. Hodgdon Member of . The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St. Louis 11 In Memory of Mrs. Charles A. (Eugenia A.) Brandon Armstrong, Teasdale, Kramer & Vaughan Mrs. George B. Atwood Mr./Mrs. Roland C. Baer Alexander Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Calvin A. Case, Jr. Mrs. Virginia G. Crowdus Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Davidson Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Dr./Mrs. Leigh Gerdine Mr./Mrs. Herbert N. Jones Mrs. Richard S. Jones Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mrs. Charles Lamy Mrs. C. Carter Lewis (Catherine) Mr./Mrs. John D. Lodwick Mr./Mrs. Duncan |. Meier, Jr. Officer and Directors of the Boatmen’s Bank of St. Louis Mrs. Susan L. Petring Mrs. Carroll Smith Mr./Mrs. Meade Summers Mr./Mrs. Frederick Swarts Mrs. Daniel Upthegrove Mrs. Lloyd R. Wickwire (Harrietta P.) Mr. George D. Winius (Dave) Mrs. Enno D. Winius (Dorothy) In Memory of Joseph Bromschwig, Jr. M. A. Jorgen In Memory of Mrs. Edith Burns Mrs. Helen Ballard Mr. John Bodine Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Charles and Edith Burns Bob and Sue Devine In Memory of Samuel and Leeon Carson Evelyn Cull In Memory of Mrs. William H. Charles Mrs. Paul Bakewell, Jr. In Memory of Alice M. Clark Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy E. Cresswell Mr./Mrs. William Bauer Jim Burnside Communico, Inc. Mr./Mrs. B. T. Courtney Mr./Mrs. W. L. Courtney George M. Daily Mr./Mrs. E. Euler Mr./Mrs. C. R. Haralson The Partipilo Family Mr./Mrs. Tony Reskanitch Mr./Mrs. R. T. Schlude Mr./Mrs. W. D. Schott Mr./Mrs. D. W. Thompson In Memory of William Hugh Cunliff Mr./Mrs. Patrick M. Donelan Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer In Memory of Miss Margaret Doelling Carla Lange Mr./Mrs. R. C. Purk In Memory of Governor and Mrs. Forrest C. Donnell Mrs. F. D. McDonald Mr./Mrs. Boyd Rogers In Memory of Judge William A. Dorsey Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. Mary C. Duffe Walter Clinch In Memory of Mrs. John L. (Dorothy) Evans Mr./Mrs. George W. Achuff Bryce H. and Helen Bondurant Peggy Dolan Mr./Mrs. Herbert G. E. Fick Mary Ann and the others at the Jefferson Prescription Shop John and Peggy Milford Mr./Mrs. John R. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Don Polk and Donna Lynn Mr./Mrs. Jack Reams Maurita and Neil Stueck The H. B. Theerman Family The W. K. Theerman Family Mr./Mrs. Blaine Ulmer In Memory of Leicester B. Faust Mrs. Paul Bakewell, Jr. In Memory of Leo Feldman Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Samuel Fischmann Mr./Mrs. William E. Remmert In Memory of Mr. Thomas Gaddes Mrs. William H. Schield In Memory of Calvin F. Gatch Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. Mrs. Charles Lamy Mr./Mrs. Charles S. Terry In Memory of Mrs. John Hartwein Ethel and Marian Herr in Memory of Dr. J. Lester Harwell Sue and Kip Rapp (Mr. Rudyard K.) In Memory of Toya Hasegawa Victor and Norma Silber In Memory of Mrs. Frances Carleton Hedgeweb Mrs. Richard S. Bull In Memory of Arturo Hereford Ladybug Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Henry Hess (Maxine) Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy Howard Mrs. Max W. Myer In Memory of Mrs. Isabel Jenkin Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mr. Phil Jenkins of Yakima, Washington Stark Brother's Nurseries and Orchards Company In Memory of Lila Copen Jones Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace In Memory of Mrs. Meridith C. Jones Mrs. Paul Bakewell, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. In Memory of Helen and John Joynt Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. In Memory of Sears Lehmann Margaret H. Lehmann In Memory of Mrs. Charles Leppe Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Walter W. Lorch, Jr. Edna May and Elmer Deecke In Memory of Mrs. Monte Batterton Keene Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mrs. Pauline T. Kerth Juleta Becker In Memory of Mr. Harry W. Kroeger Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli In Memory of Emma Kurls Mr./Mrs. Arthur Haack In Memory of Margaret Maloney Tom and Marie Lambert In Memory of Mrs. Marie C. McCarthy Ethel and Marian Herr In Memory of Mrs. W. Kenneth (Emily) Menke Drs. Kenneth and Ellen Lissant In Memory of Mr. Sam Migita Mr./Mrs. Joseph Massaro Mrs. James C. Sisk Dr./Mrs. George M. Tanaka In Memory of John R. Moulton Mrs. William S. Bedal In Memory of William Oliver Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mr. E. D. Piliboss Missouri Walkways Association, Inc. In Memory of Mr. William Robinson Mr./Mrs. Andrew H. Baur In Memory of Mrs. Helen Schroeder Miss Ethel Herr In Memory of Mrs. Jesse Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Franklin J. Cornwell, Sr. In Memory of Mayabelle Schrieber Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee In Memory of Miss Margaret Shapleigh Mrs. Paul Bakewell, Jr. In Memory of Polly Mclihenny Simmons Mrs. Theodore N. Simmons In Memory of Selma Schroer Smith Mitchell and Marie Grzesiowski In Memory of Mrs. J. G. Taylor Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Marie T. Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mr. J. G. Taylor Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mr. Walter J. Stradel, Sr. Miriam and Bill Zukoski In Memory of Adele Timmerman Ladybug Garden Club In Memory of Esther Hirth Trexler Eva A. Oehler In Memory of Mrs. William Viering Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte In Memory of Mrs. June M. Waddell Mrs. Martha Virginia Jones In Memory of Mrs. John Wewerka Dorothy H. Gassman Ethel and Marian Herr Gene and Erma Herr In Memory of Mrs. Blanche Wolters Elizabeth Behle MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NA Volume LXVIII Number 5 September/October 1980 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin New Project In Central America MEXICO oe A new ten-year project to catalog the flora of Central America was an- nounced by Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, at a symposium held at the Garden July 14-15, 1980. The project, called Flora Mesoamericana will include surveys of the plants of Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Be- lize, and Southern Mexico. Principal sponsors of the study in addition to the Garden are the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and the British Museum (Natural History). Gerrit Davidse, Associate Curator at the Garden, will be co-editor of the flora which will be published in Spanish and will include an estimated 20,000 species of plants. In announcing the project, Raven said that most natural ecosystems in the area of the project will virtually be destroyed in the next 30 to 40 years. Hundreds of species of plants in Cen- tral America have never been clas- sified scientifically and little is known about many others. One goal of the project is to collect and classify as many plants as possible so that in the future they will be available for study by scientists. Field work will be con- centrated in those parts of the area that are least known. Another primary goal of the project is to train scientists and strengthen scientific, educational and environmental institutions in Mexico and Central American coun- tries. Publication of the results in Spanish will make the data collected particularly useful for scholars and government officials in Latin America. The three sponsoring institutions have committed the equivalent of 10 full time research staff members to the project initially. The Missouri Botanical Garden is one of the most active centers in North America for study of Latin American flora. The Garden receives about $500,000 a year from the National Science Foundation for research in tropical biology and to maintain the Herbarium which has a collection of over 3 million plants. inside Comment — Dr. Raven writes about progress on the new Visitor Center ............. 2 Letter From Venezuela by Dr. Gerrit Davidse Orchid Sale scheduled for November 15 Gardening in St. Louis — Steven Frowine on Starting Plants POM GuUNINGS ieee ane ane 5 Schedule of Fall Courses and Activities at the Garden and Shaw Arboretum ....6, 7 & 8 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Adam Aronson Mrs. Agnes F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mr. Watson K. Blair Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mrs. F. T. Childress Mr. Fielding L. Childress Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Mrs. John L. Donnell Mr. J. Robert Edwards Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Florence T. Morris Forbes Mrs, Eugene A. Freund Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, Ill Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Kresko Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha |. Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrman Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr. H. Dean Mann Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr. Roswell Messing, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr./Mrs. John W. Moore Mr. Thomas Moore Dr./Mrs. Walter Moore Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. F M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Joseph F Ruwitch Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Charles Schott Mr./Mrs. Richard Schaikewitz Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia N. Souers Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F. Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. S. A. Weintraub Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman, Ill Mr./Mrs. Eugene F. Williams, Jr. Mrs. John M. Wolff Miss F. A. Wuellner Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr. Patrick Ackerman Mr. Kenneth Balk Mr./Mrs. Carl Beckers Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. H. Pharr Brightman Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mr. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. Gary A. Close Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mrs. Elsie Ford Curby Mr. Bernard F. Desloge Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F: Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Leighton Morrill Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mrs. Harry E. Papin, Jr. Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mrs. Miquette M. Potter Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriett J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Cw ss Tom K. Smith, Jr, President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director Gomment— Dr. Peter H. Raven Looking back at the last three months, we had many successes. We had our most successful Japanese Festival; we released the first four wildflower prints commissioned by the Garden and the British Museum; we celebrated the completion of the Flora of Panama, a 37 year project with an international Congress; and we began work on a flora of Mexico and Central America. Most visibly, the new Visitor Center began to take form this summer. Now that the foundation is poured, the steel framework of the Visitor Center will quickly take shape. The two-story building is about 240 feet long and 160 feet wide. The dome run- ning through the center will be 55 feet high and will become a real landmark. | reported to you last February that inflation had increased the cost of the Visitor Center, and we would not be able to complete all of the interior of the building initially. Since last winter, we have continued to raise funds and will now be able to complete both the plant shop and the gift shop. The shops will be much more spacious and provide a greater variety of items than possible in their present quarters. With these two shops, the east wing of the building as you enter the front door will be finished when the building opens in about 14 months. As we obtain more contributions, we will be able to complete more and more of the interior. We will have con- solidated facilities now spread throughout the Garden. The Visitor Center will become the center of ac- tivities for Members and the public. With it, the Garden will continue to pro- vide the finest program and facilities of any botanical garden in the world. Letter from Venezuela Gerrit Davidse, Associate Curator Missouri Botanical Garden The day after my arrival in Caracas | was able to leave for a collecting trip with Drs. Julian Steyermark and Otto Huber to the Territorio Amazonas. We collected in the valley of the Rio Cataniapo near the city of Puerto Ayacucho. Part of this valley will soon be dammed to form a reservoir that will supply the water for this city of about 20,000 people, so this will be the last opportunity to study the vege- tation in this area before the construc- tion and flooding begin. Julian Steyermark and Otto Huber are ideal companions on a field trip. Julian’s earlier work was in Missouri where he published the definitive flora and where a state park has been named in his honor. For many years now he has been head curator at the Instituto de Botanico, the national herbarium of Venezuela. Julian has collected more plants than any other scientist in history. Otto is an Italian by birth but in heart an Austrian who works for the government agency in Venezuela responsible for the de- velopment of Territorio Amazonas. Each day we tried to guess how many plants we collected that day with the winner enjoying a milkshake at the expense of the other two. We collected many rare and exciting plants. One particularly interesting find The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. for me because of my specialization in grasses, was a forest grass along a small cano. It was not possible to col- lect flowering specimens at this time of the year, so positive identification is difficult. However, it is so distinctive that | feel fairly certain it must be an undescribed specimen. We lived very comfortably com- pared to other field trips. We stayed at the local hotel which had a small court- yard with four mango trees. So, there were fresh mangos everyday to sup- plement the local cuisine which tends to be bland. Pancake-like arepas which are made from corn meal are served as our breakfast every morning and rice is a staple. There is a local cheese which is called queso blanco which is white and very salty. One of the agencies in the Ministry of Environment of the Venezuelan Government has now appointed someone to continue the collecting ef- fort we began. We were able to train him in the correct collecting techniques, and he will periodically visit this dam site and collect species which we missed or which were not flowering and fruiting. | hope to be able to get back to Venezuela from time to time myself, because in this and other parts of the country there are many unstudied areas which are under con- siderable pressure from lumbering and other forms of development. be available. preview sale. ORCHID SALE Saturday, November 15, 1980 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (or until sold out) Take advantage of this rare opportunity to see and buy some of the over 1,000 orchid plants which will be sold from Missouri Botanical Garden’s famous orchid collection. For the beginning orchid grower, the corsage-type orchid (Cattleyas) will start at $5.00. The advanced orchidist may be more in- terested in various unusual species; plants from the genera Laelia, Epidendrum, Lycaste, Maxillaria, Paphiopedilum, Pleurothallis, Schomburgkia, Mormolyca, Pholidota, Bras- savola, Bulbophyllum, Isochilus and others will be on sale. Orchid experts from the St. Louis area orchid societies plus horticulturists from the Missouri Botanical Garden will be avail- able to answer any orchid growing questions. Free information sheets detailing basic how-to-grow-orchids information will also Buy exotic orchids for yourself and as gifts for your friends! All proceeds from the sale will go towards buying new plants to improve the Missouri Botanical Garden's collection. A preview sale will be held Friday, November 14 from 7 to 9 p.m. A $10 per person contribution is required to attend the For more information, call 577-5190. The Historical Collections Of The Garden’s Library The archival and manuscript mate- rials in the Garden's library constitute a nationally important collection of Original source material in botanical and horticultural history. Presently in- cluding well over 100,000 written pieces and a large pictorial archive of prints, drawings and photographic records, these collections constitute an important resource for the study of the development of botanical thought and knowledge, the scientific explora- tion of the American West, and the his- tory of St. Louis in the nineteenth cen- tury. In conjunction with the nearly 200,000 published items in the Gar- den’'s library, these historical collec- tions provide an unusual resource for scholars and students seeking to un- derstand botanical and horticultural history. Two of the largest collections are the papers of Henry Shaw and of George Engelmann. The papers of George Engelmann, an early St. Louis botanist, are included in the library's historical collections. In recognition of the importance of these papers, the National Historical Publications and Records Commis- sion recently awarded the Garden a grant to arrange, inventory, and pre- pare a published guide to the Shaw and Engelmann papers. Upon its completion, this grant will have made the Shaw and Engelmann papers readily available to qualified re- searchers in botany and history. Included, too, in the manuscript col- lections are an autograph collection of letters from almost every outstanding botanist alive in the years immediately preceding World War |. Manuscripts and letters of such individuals as 4 Josiah Gregg, John Charles Fremont, Francis Parkman, Thomas Jefferson, the famous bibliographer J. Christian Bay, Agnes Arber, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Charles Sprague Sargent, Thomas Alva Edison, John M. Coulter, Alexan- der Graham Bell, Charles Darwin, Pier Andrea Mattioli, William Cobbett, Reverend Gilbert White (The Natural History of Selbourne), Hugo de Vries, and many others enrich the collection. Of particular historical interest are a group of maps and plans of the Gar- den from the architectural firm of Frederick Law Olmsted. The collection also includes the Garden’s archival records, including the scientific correspondence of its former Directors and other official rec- ords and correspondence. In addition, the Garden serves as the archival re- pository for the Missouri Museum As- sociates (the state association of museum professionals) and for Tower Grove Park, St. Louis’ second largest public park. The Garden's pictorial archive in- cludes nearly 2,000 glass negatives (some as early as 1854), and several thousand negatives, prints and trans- parencies that provide a photographic record of many scenes in St. Louis, early buildings and architectural fea- tures once owned by Henry Shaw, photographs taken on plant collecting expeditions, slides of prominent land- scape architectural designs through- out the world, and photographs of plant specimens and is thus a pictorial record of the Garden's history. Also in- cluded in the pictorial archive are sev- eral thousand works of botanical art and illustration from the mid-fifteenth century to the present day; carto- graphic records (both printed and manuscript) from the early seven- teenth century to the present; nineteenth and twentieth century prints of horticultural fairs, flower exhibits, farming and gardening prac- tices, agricultural implements, etc.; and original blueprints and landscape plans for features at the Garden. These collections, housed within the library in the John S. Lehmann Build- ing, are available for consultation by researchers although certain restric- tions must be placed on their use. Individuals should submit a written request outlining the nature and an- ticipated results of their research proj- ect and at least one letter of reference to the library staff. Richard H. Daley Danforth Selects Daley Richard H. Daley, Special Assistant to the Director of the Garden, has been selected to participate in the 1980-1981 St. Louis Leadership Pro- gram which is sponsored by the Dan- forth Foundation. Daley is among 46 individuals who were chosen for this year’s program based on their in- volvement in dealing with urban prob- lems in the St. Louis Metropolitan area. According to the Foundation, “individuals are sought who are at a stage in their development when addi- tional education and practical experi- ences can enhance their capacity to work for greater communication and understanding of community issues, and who possess skills and desire to assist people of various view points in working together in the solution of problems.” Daley is a graduate of Colorado State University and received a M.S. in plant ecology, also from Colorado State, in 1972. He has been employed at the Garden since 1973. From 1973 to 1977 he participated in various en- vironmental impact studies. He has served as an assistant to the Director since 1978. He is active in the Gate- way Preservation Committee, Mis- souri Citizens for the Arts, the Missouri Native Plant Society, and the Garden Tower East Neighborhood Associa- tion, and is a member of the steering committee for the Shaw Neighborhood Plan. Gardening indt Louis IT’S TIME TO TAKE CUTTINGS By: Steven A. Frowine When you bring houseplants from the patio or porch to their indoor home, you may be overwhelmed by how much they have grown. So it is some- times necessary to take cuttings to return them to a manageable size. To begin this project you will need the following materials: 1. A sharp, clean knife. 2. Several clear, plastic shoe boxes, sweater boxes or 6-inch pots for holding cuttings and soil. 3. A bag of pasteurized soil (bake at 180 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 min- utes) or better still use soilless pot- ting material. 4. Plastic bags (if you are using 6-inch pots). . Plants which are to be propagated. 6. A pencil or permanent marking pen. Do not use a ball point pen. It is not waterproof. 7. Plastic labels. There are two basic types of cuttings — stem cuttings and leaf cuttings. on \ Peay ==> ¢ neha ‘a i ta Stem cuttings should be taken from lateral or terminal branches. The stem STEM CUTTINGS These cuttings are taken from the lateral (Side) branches or the terminal (tip) branches. The usual cutting length is 3 to 5 inches. The lower one- inch or more of the stem should be clear of leaves. The stem is usually cut at a 45 de- gree angle to provide more rooting surface. After the stem is cut, it is dipped into rooting hormone and then placed into a container of pre- dampened potting soil. After the cuttings are planted in a plastic or clay pot, the pot should be covered with a plastic bag. A stick should be placed in the center of the pot to prevent the plastic from touch- ing the leaves. Leaf contact with the wet plastic can cause fungal disease. If the container is covered, it usually will not need to be watered for several weeks. It usually will take anywhere from two to six weeks before the cut- tings will root. Plants with soft tissue such as col- eus will root in two to three weeks; hard cuttings like those from shrubs or e Ha Y * — 2 Ee ke should be cut at a 45 degree angle and should be three to five inches long. The cutting should be placed in a container of predampened potting soil. The container should then be covered with a plastic bag. woody plants may take four or six weeks or longer. Be sure the cuttings are very well rooted before they are transplanted into pots. LEAF CUTTINGS This type of cutting can be taken from such plants as African violets and gloxinias. It will usually take longer to produce a mature plant from this method than from stem cuttings. Some leaves, such as those from gloxinias, will form small tubers at the base of the leaf. Leaf and stem cuttings can be taken from large, mature plants or from those which have just sprouted from bulbs or tubers. Tuberous begonias and gloxinias commonly sprout more than one plant from each tuber. These extra sprouts should be cut off to produce a more symmetrical plant. Since the shoots have to be re- moved anyway, you may as well root these extra sprouts. They will some- times grow quicker as cuttings than when they were attached to the tuber. hid b After the stem is cut it should be dipped in a rooting hormone. Leaf cuttings can be taken from plants such as African violets and gloxinias. Fall Courses And Activities Saturday Morning Activities Nature study programs for children, their parents or group leaders, teachers, or any interested persons, are Offered on one Saturday each month from October through May. These programs include tours of spe- cial Garden facilities as well as experi- ence with live plants. Meetings are held in the Lehmann Building from 10 to 11:30 a.m., except as noted. Pre-registration is necessary. Please call the Education Department at 577-5140 Monday through Friday. Fees: Adults $3.50; Children $1.25 Member Adults $1; Children $.50 October 25 — Table Top Greenhouses. Propagate plants from cuttings. Garden will provide cuttings and small propagating unit. November 22 — How to Make a Terrarium. Small plants and soil for a ter- rarium supplied by Garden. (Bring a wide mouth jar or small glass bowl.) December 20 — Christmas Wreaths. Make a Christmas wreath to take home. Bring a coat hanger bent into a loop. January 17 — Botanical Research Tour. A look at the Garden’s research center and one of the largest col- lections of preserved plants in North America. See how they are collected, stored and used. No fee for this tour. Regular Garden ad- mission only. SF” Garden Tours Groups of 10 or more may engage the services of a knowledgeable Garden Guide at 10 a.m. or 11 a.m. and at 1 p.m. or 2 p.m., weekdays. Saturday tours are scheduled between 10 a.m. and noon. A group rate for 15 or more is offered. Reservations for guided tours must be made a minimum of 3 weeks in advance. For reservations, call 577-5140 between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., weekdays. 6 For information about these Fall courses and activities, call the Education Department of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Tele- phone 314/577-5140. Zs Short Courses House Plant Culture A practical course on the selection, care and feeding of house plants. Dis- cussion will include the general cultural procedures for certain groups of plants such as succulents, bromeliads, and foliage plants. There will be a brief practice session in the division and pot- ting of certain plants. There will also be discussions of insect control and the use of artificial lighting. 2 Meetings — Fee: $11.00; Garden Members $8.00 Wednesdays — 1:00-2:30 p.m. November 5, 12 Instructor: Susan Kratky Staff Horticulturist Lehmann Building Bulb Forcing Bulbs that bloom indoors in the dead of winter are the subject of this course. Instruction covers the essential proce- dures in coaxing bulbs into flower be- fore they bloom outdoors, in addition to a discussion of their native homes, structure, and distinction of bulb types. Each student will plant five pots of bulbs to be forced at home. Bulbs to be forced include Narcissus, Hyacinth, Iris and Crocus. 1 Meeting — Fee: $18.00; Garden Members $16.00 Section A Tuesday — 12:30 to 3:30 p.m. November 11 Section B Thursday — 12:30 to 3:30 p.m. November 13 Instructor: John Elsley Superintendent Japanese Garden Lehmann Building Miniature Bonsai Workshop A workshop in the mame style of bon- Sai for beginners. This activity will pro- vide basic experiences in selecting, pruning, wiring and potting a miniature bonsai (under 6 inches). Each par- ticipant will prepare one bonsai specimen to take home. Other plants and bonsai containers will be available at additional cost. Ideal gifts for Christmas. 1 Meeting — Fee: $17.00; Garden Members $15.00 Section A Tuesday Afternoon — 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. December 2 Section B Tuesday Evening — 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. December 2 Instructor: Kenneth Peck Manager of Instructional Services Lehmann Building Wheat Weaving This new course will train students to use natural, dried wheat stalks to create ornaments for Thanksgiving, Christmas, or any other time of year. The instructor will display a variety of different weaving patterns and then demonstrate, step-by-step, the weaving of two ornaments which will be made by class members to take along. Extra wheat will be provided to students for home practice. 1 Meeting — Fee: $8.00; Garden Members $6.00 Section A Thursday 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Section B Thursday 1:30 to 4:00 p.m. November 20 (both sections) Instructor: Ellen Claus Christmas Decorations: Deluxe Workshop A course in the handling of natural materials to make Christmas decora- tions. Plant materials such as ivy, Douglas Fir, Noble Fir and cones will be used. Part of the workshop will be familiarization with the plants and techniques. Bring pruning shears, wire cutters, a sturdy coat hanger and a sandwich. Coffee will be provided. 1 Meeting — Fee: $24.00; Garden Members $21.50 Section A— Thursday — 10:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. December 11 Section B— Friday — 10:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. December 12 Instructors: Education Staff Lehmann Building Christmas Decorations: Economy Workshop A chance to make your own Christmas wreath and a table decoration using fresh greens. The instructor will dem- onstrate how to make these pieces and assist workshop participants. In addi- tion to greens, the Garden will supply ribbon for a bow, cones, and wire. Each person is requested to bring a sturdy coat hanger. 1 Meeting — Fee: $14.00; Garden Members $12.00 Section A — Monday — 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. December 15 Section B — Tuesday — 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. December 16 Instructors: Education Staff Lehmann Building Za Arboretum Activities Nature Photography Workshop (Basic) Fall Field Session at the Arboretum A “hands on” introduction to the beau- tiful world of nature photography. Covers: The art of “seeing” subjects; correct use of equipment; pictorial composition; shooting techniques in the field; lenses (macro not included). Summary and critiques of enrollees’ field techniques included. Level: begin- ner to intermediate amateur 35 mm SLR photographer. Trail hiking re- quired. Bring a lunch. This workshop or Photography | (MBG) is a prerequisite to Photography II and the Advanced Nature Workshop. 1 Meeting — Saturday October 18. Rain date October 19. Leaving West County Shopping Center via car pool at 7:45 a.m. Workshop 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Fee: $22.00: Garden Members $18.00 Instructor: Robert Lee II Arboretum, Trail House Nature Photography Workshop (Advanced) For the serious nature photographer to improve close-up techniques. Introduc- tion to macro photography under field conditions. Equipment essentials (and frills) plus home-made helps. Natural and flash lighting setups and proce- dures. Subjects will include wildflowers, plants, insects and varied woodland life. You must have 35 mm SLR cam- era(s), tripod or flash-camera bracket device, flash with off-camera capability and macro, bellows, extension or close-up lens capabilities. Prerequisite: Photography (MBG) or “Nature Pho- tography Workshop |” (Arboretum 10/18/80). Limited enrollment. Bring a lunch. 1 Meeting — Saturday October 25. Rain date October 26. Leaving West County Shopping Center via carpool at 7:45 a.m. for Workshop and field session from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. at the Arboretum. Fee: $22.00, Garden Members $18.00 Instructor: Robert Lee II Arboretum, Trail House Heritage Trails A Group Journey Shaw Arboretum in cooperation with the Acclimatization Experiences Insti- tute (AEl) is pleased to offer an exploratory journey of the upper Buffalo River region in northern Arkansas. This exceptional new program is designed for the individual seeking a closer rela- tionship with both the natural and the cultural environment. Participants will hike little-used trails and paths, immersed in the special beauty of an Ozark autumn, meeting some of the folks who settled these backwoods hills, piecing together the Stories told by the abandoned log cab- ins, tools and other artifacts of man’s passage; in short, learning first hand of the natural and cultural forces shap- ing this unique national riverway. A Group Journey specialist from AEl will lead this Heritage Trails Program, which will be strictly limited to eight par- ticipants (age 17 years or older). Fee includes guide, food, group equipment and insurance. Each participant should bring a back pack and sleeping bag, but arrangements can be made for rental of these items if needed. The Ar- boretum will assist in formation of car pooling among participants to the meet- ing point in Ponka, Arkansas. 1 Meeting — October 20-26 Fee: $185.00 Instructor: Eddie Soloway Acclimatization Experiences Institute Muir Trek Have you ever wondered where a woodland path leads or what lies be- yond the next hill? Going to find out is a Muir Trek! This 1 night, 1 day adventure is for youths, ages 13-16 years. We will explore the farthest reaches of Shaw Arboretum in the style of naturalist John Muir, who walked cross country observing and writing about the beauty, complexity and flow of nature. We will live close to the land and come to know some of the many moods and manners of nature. Quiet observation times will provide for contemplation and journal keeping. Participants should bring their own sleeping bags. 1 Meeting — Friday night October 17 8:00 p.m. to Saturday October 18 4:00 p.m. Fee: $12.00, Garden members $10.00 Instructors: Eddie Soloway Acclimatization Experiences Institute Bill Davit and Greg Krone, Arboretum, Visitor Center Arboretum Tours Come by bus or ride the Arboretum’s Wilderness Wagon with a. staff naturalist. Enjoy the fall foliage and crisp autumn air. Explore an Ozark path. Luncheon at the stone and wooden Trail House. Call for reserva- tions and fees: 577-5138. Wood Lot Management Learn the value of your trees and how to manage your wood lot for wildlife 7 habitat, veneer logs, saw logs, and firewood. Study timber stand improve- ment methods. Discover the factors that affect the quality of your trees. The program includes both a lecture and a field trip. 2 Meetings — November 5 at East Central College, Union, Room 211 Administration Building and November 8 at the Arboretum Wednesday evening — 6:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. Saturday morning — 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 Instructor: Bob Aubuchon Resource Forester Missouri Department of Conservation Organic Gardening The basic principles of organic garden- ing are presented in this two-day course. Learn to grow vegetables using natural methods and materials without poisonous sprays or chemical fertiliz- ers. Help with the construction of a raised bed for early spring vegetables. Become acquainted with soil prepara- tion, mulching, composting, selecting varieties and timing of plantings. The instructor will use his garden for dem- onstrations. Bring a lunch. Beverage provided. 2 Meetings — September 20 & 27, 1980 Saturdays — 10:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Fee: $15, Garden Members $12.00 Instructor: Bill Davit Staff Naturalist Shaw Arboretum, Freund Education Center Autumn Walks Shaw Arboretum is a beautiful setting to enjoy and study the fall wildflowers, ripening berries and fall foliage. Visit the Arboretum and join these informal, educational walks with three noted local naturalists. The walks will assem- ble at the Arboretum Visitor Center each Tuesday beginning September 23. The programs will conclude at ap- proximately 1:30 in the afternoon. Wear comfortable outdoor apparel and bring a lunch. Individuals need not make reservations. Groups can be ac- commodated on other dates. 1 Meeting — September 23, 30, October 7, 14, 21, or 28 Tuesdays — 9:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 8 Instructors: Art Christ Betty Nellums Nell Menke Shaw Arboretum Visitor Center Ze Natural History Tours Walks that highlight the interrelation- ships between plants and animals of the Ozarks. These are easy paced walks, but they will range over the ex- tensive trail system of the Arboretum. Bring a lunch. Individuals need not make reservations. Groups can be ac- commodated on other dates. 1 Meeting — September 27, October 4,11, 18, & 25 Fee: $2.00: Garden Members $1.00 Leaders: September 27, Nick Cirulis-Grasses of the Prairie and Fields October 4, Bob Aubuchon-Forest Re- sources October 11, David Tylka-Fresh Water Plants and Animals October 18, Jerry V. Vineyard-Geology of the Ozark Region October 25, Greg Krone-Reading the Landscape Evening Hikes at The Arboretum A night owl hoots Intense gaze, crystal starlit Twinkling eyes, a winged shadow flies. Come and enjoy star gazing, walk in the moonlight, observe wildlife on their nighttime foraging as we explore the many surprising and enchanting moods of the night world. A simple re- freshment will complement the occa- sion. Please call the Arboretum for reservations. 1 Meeting — September 26, October 24 or November 21 Friday evenings — 8:00 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. Fee: $2.00, Garden Members $1.00 Instructor: Greg Krone Arboretum, Visitor Center Family Walks at The Arboretum Shaw Arboretum is an exciting place for families to heighten their awareness of the natural world. These leisurely walks help adults and children use all of their senses while sharing the enjoy- ment of the natural world. Children should be at least 4 years old. Please call for reservations. 1 Meeting — September 20, 27 or October 4, 11 Saturdays — 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon or 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Fee: $4.50 per family, Garden Member Families $3.50 Instructor: Arboretum Staff Arboretum, Visitor Center Family Float Trip on The Meramec The Meramec River has many moods as it floats through the Ozark hills pass- ing caves, bluffs, and other natural wonders. It should be a magical time with the hills of the river valley splashed with red, orange, green and gold. This trip is designed for families to relax, enjoy and explore, in canoes and on foot, the Meramec River Valley. Participants should bring their own sleeping bags, but arrangements can be made for rental. Fee includes guide, food, group equipment and canoes. Children 7 years and older. 1 Meeting — Saturday and Sunday, October 4 & 5, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Fee: $55.00, Garden Members $50.00 $18.00 for each additional canoe Instructor: Greg Krone Arboretum, Visitor Center Painting The Fall Scene Spend a day and one-half deep in the Missouri countryside capturing the au- tumn vistas. This watercolor workshop will include three demonstrations and painting sessions. For inexperienced and experienced watercolorists. Stu- dents should bring their own supplies and a lunch for the first day. Fee in- cludes a buffet supper on Saturday and a box lunch on Sunday. Overnight accommodations are available at the Best Western Diamond Inn opposite the Arboretum entrance. Participants wanting accommodations should make their own reservations. (314- 742-3501) 1 Meeting — Saturday, October 11 — 9:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Sunday, October 12 — 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Fee: $55.00, Garden Members $52.00 Instructor: Nicky Bottger Arboretum, Freund Education Center Re? wri ; shaw Birthday Card Winners! Three St. Louis area children, hon- ored for creating the best birthday cards for the 180th anniversary of Mis- souri Botanical Garden founder Henry Shaw, received $100 educational scholarships from Mike Hager, human resources director of McGraw-Edison Company’s Bussmann Division, co- sponsor of the contest. The children, top winners among nearly 2,000 en- trants, are: (left to right) Patty Smith, 8, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth Smith, Hawthorne Boulevard, St. Louis; Peggy Brinkmann, 10, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Brinkmann, Route 1, Labadie, Franklin County, Mo.; and Marie Shalhoob, 11, daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. George Shalhoob, Northmoor Drive, University City. At far left is Doug Feltch, puppeteer with Bob Kramer's Marionnettes who helped entertain a crowd of more than 2,500 at the July 24 birthday festivities which saluted the late Mr. Shaw for donating the Garden and Tower Grove Park to the people of St. Louis. eNews ~Notes John A. Floyd, Jr., Senior Horticul- turist of Southern Living Magazine paid a visit to the Garden recently. He donated a copy of the Magazine's Trees and Shrubs book which is now in the library. The library is open to Members Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. There is a special section reserved for gardening books. Wildflower Prints at Plaza Frontenac The first four plates of a series of Wildflower Prints by artist Keith West will be exhibited at Plaza Frontenac September 1 through September 12. The prints, published jointly by the Missouri Botanical Garden and the British Museum of Natural History, de- pict in color the “Wildflowers of the Low Desert,” “Wildflowers of the Southern Pinelands,” “Wildflowers of the Alpine Rocky Mountains,” and “Spring Woodland Wildflowers.” Framed and unframed copies of the prints are sold at the Garden Gate Shop. Jeanne McGilligan, newly appointed Volunteer Coordinator of the Garden, is available to talk with members and others who are interested in volunteer activities. Jeanne can be reached at 577-5187. Sculpture Loan THREE GRACES, a _ bronze sculpture, is on temporary loan to the Garden and has been placed in the pool in front of the Linnaean House. The sculpture is owned by Dr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Hall. Dr. Hall is Uni- versity Professor Emeritus at Washington University and represents Chancellor William Danforth on the Garden’s Board of Trustees. Gate Shop Rummage Sale A sidewalk Rummage Sale will be held by the Garden Gate Shop on Sunday, September 14 from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. Damaged items and odds and ends will be offered at discounts from 20% to 70%. Print Exhibit Forty-two prints by artist Walter Cleveland will be on exhibit in the Lehmann Building lobby September 3 to September 25. Cleveland was born in Santa Barbara and raised in a rural atmosphere which he says “helped foster an appreciation of nature.” He (Continued on Page 10) 9 NEWS NOTES (continued) studied print making with Morris Blackburn at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and with Shiro Ikegawa and Ben Sakoguchi at Pasadena City College. He has exhib- ited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the Los Angeles County Art Museum, the California State Fair, and the Ithaca College Art Museum. Works by Cleveland have been purchased by the United States Information Agency for overseas Embassies. The exhibit will be open to the public Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. Fall Lecture Series The 1980 Fall Lecture Series will focus on Gardens of the World, begin- ning October 1, 1980 with the Gardens of Classical Rome and Greece. Gar- dens of China, Japan, Islam, Imperial Russia, North America, the Mediterra- nean and England will be featured on subsequent Wednesdays through No- vember 19. Each lecture is presented twice, at 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. in the Auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Fall Flower Show The 1980 Fall Flower Show featur- ing chrysanthemums will be held in the tent in front of the Climatron from October 4, 1980 through October 26, 1980. Garden Members will be in- vited to a special preview on Friday, October 3, 1980 from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. The preview party is sponsored by Stix, Baer, and Fuller. A Champagne Toast, also sponsored by Stix, Baer and Fuller will be held on Thursday, October 2, 1980 for Henry Shaw As- sociates, Director's Associates, Spon- soring Members, Sustaining Members and Contributing Members. Run To Benefit Garden The First Annual Kelly Girl Run will be held on Saturday, September 13 at 9:00 a.m. in Tower Grove Park. The three-mile race, which is open to women of all ages, is being sponsored by Kelly Services, Inc., with the $3.00 entrance fee to benefit the Garden. All entrants will receive a t-shirt and run- ners completing the race will be given a free admission ticket to the Garden. Pre-registration is necessary. Race registration forms may be obtained by calling or writing Kelly Services, 500 Northwest Plaza, St. Ann, Missouri 63074, telephone 291-8225. 5 =. i % ae ; J a roe “2. We! me = Chea yor. wt ee as } . “ Fite ' f , * A festival celebrating the culture, food, and music of Israel will be held at the Garden on Sunday, October 12 from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. The festival is sponsored by the Jewish National Fund. Entertainment will be presented in the Lehmann Building Auditorium. Middle Eastern food and gift items from Israel will be offered for sale, and there will be a special display of Israeli art. An exhibit of plants of the Old Tes- tament will be held in the Mediterra- nean House. CARP WATCHING - Eight hundred colorful Japanese Carp (Koi) were released in the lake in the Japanese Garden on June 20. The carp were a gift of the Japan America Society. Here children are fascinated by watching the carp feed near the Togetsukyo Bridge. 10 JUNE/JULY NEW MEMBERSHIP NEW SPONSORING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Wm. O'Herin St. Louis Photo Supply NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Adkins Dr. Arne E. Carlson Florissant Rotary Club Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Hicks Mrs. A. C. Ingersoll Mr. Michalel Jameson Mrs. J. Margaret Konings Mr. Francis A. Mesker Mr. John J. Nooney Dr. Patricia O'Neal Miss H. Chris Pirrung Mr./Mrs. Brooks R. Read Mr./Mrs. Bruce Roman Mr./Mrs. Homer E. Sayad Mr. Jack Spudich Dr./Mrs. Donald M. Suggs Mr./Mrs. Glen Travis Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Wentz NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. G. H. Albers Mr./Mrs. Malcolm A. Bliss Mr./Mrs. Earle Bitzer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Lyle D. Cheeney Mr. Darold E. Crotzer, Jr. Mrs. M. W. Demster Miss Barbara L. Dierstein Mr./Mrs. John Dowell Mr./Mrs. J. J. Ellis Mrs. Charlene J. Green Mr./Mrs. Charles Hansen Mr./Mrs. Andrew A. Hubbartt Mr. Daniel W. Jasper Mr./Mrs. Alfred H. Kerth, Ill Mr./Mrs. John Klaric Ms. Trudy Kleeschulte Mr./Mrs. Harold Koplar Mrs. Richard W. Kruse Miss Jane Larson Mr./Mrs. Clifford Lecoutour Mrs. Charles A. Lee, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Harold G. Lieberman Mrs. Arthur R. Lindburg Dr./Mrs. James F. Nickel Mrs. Mary Oscko Mr. Michael Perry Mr./Mrs. Eugene K. Raemdonck Ms. Phyllis A. Rozansky Mrs. Suzanne D. Rauchen Mr./Mrs. Ross D. Rochat Mr./Mrs. John Roedel Mr./Mrs. Arthur B. Schneithorst Mr. William C. Shoss Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Smith Mr. Jerome G. Stehlin Mrs. James L. Thornton Mr. Eugene C. Tittmann Mr. Arthur T. Towata Ms. Diane Twellman Dr./Mrs. Wayne A. Viers Ms. Judith J. Warner Dr./Mrs. Wm. E. Zoesch ba NY (i ae ‘ Es cf, same casa sisi WN tara inva Ss aN : / Z| Ae @ ay os —_— - TRIBUTES — JUNE/JULY 1980 In Honor of Mr. Lester P Ackerman, Jr.’s 60th Birthday June and Harry Agress Mr./Mrs. Lester Bamberger Mrs. Irvin Bettman, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Leon M. Bodenheimer Gin and Max Deutch Mr./Mrs. Saul Dubinsky Mr./Mrs. Harry Franc Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr./Mrs. Myron Glassberg Jane and Milton Greenfield Mr./Mrs. Edward Greensfelder Mr./Mrs. Maurice L. Hirsch Mr./Mrs. John Isaacs, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Lionel Kalish, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sam Langsdorf Mrs. J. Melvin Levi Mrs. Lawton J. Levy Mr./Mrs. Willard L. Levy Mr./Mrs. Alan Lewin Mrs. Benjamin Loeb Mrs. Harry W. Loeb Cecile and Henry Lowenhaupt Lois and Kenneth Marshall Mr./Mrs. Bernard Mellitz John and Anne Meyer Millie and Dick Prager Mr./Mrs. F. L. Prins Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Mr./Mrs. Phillip Rashbaum Mr./Mrs. Stanley Richman Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Rosen Mr./Mrs. Alan Ross Liz and Joe Ruwitch Mr./Mrs. Arthur Scharff, Jr. Herb and Queenie Schiele Dorothy Schweich Mrs. Walter Sears Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Ernest Stein Mrs. Melvin S. Strassner Jeane and Ear! Susman Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Turner Richard E. Turner Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mr./Mrs. Herman Willer Mr./Mrs. Frank P. Wolff Mr./Mrs. Jay V. Zimmerman In Honor of Sylvan Agatstein’s 80th Birthday Jeanne and Lester Adelson In Honor of Miss Laura Pogue Andrews Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Tracy Beau Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher Jr.’s 25th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Don L Heitman In Honor of Miss Chandler Bohnn Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Rose Cohen’s Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Honor of Dr. Max Deutch’s 75th Birthday Jeanne and Lester Adelson Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer Toby and Horty Lewin In Honor of Leona Dickey Linda Reichhardt In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Jeanne and Lester Adelson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Sam Golman’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Gusta and Herman Willer In Honor of Ann and Peter Husch’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Tom and Peggy Rothschild In Honor of Miss Carlota Johnson Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Miss Nancy Quarrier Jones Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene D. Levin’s Wedding Denver M. Wright, Ill In Honor of Rose Levy’s Special Birthday Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Honor of Master Stephen Lininger’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Richard Lininger, Sr. In Honor of Audrey Lewin’s Birthday Mrs. Fannie Cohen In Honor of Mr. Tobias Lewin’s Birthday Mr. David H. Cohen In Honor of Miss Lisa Lipscomb Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Miss Elizabeth Mesker Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. John J. Naslund’s 25th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. Maryeva Naslund in Honor of Mrs. Eric Newman’s Birthday Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Fund In Honor of Mrs. Hiram Norcross Gatesworth Manor Resident's Association In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Pandjiris’ Wedding Anniversary Carl and June Kottmeier In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. V. James Rosengreen’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. David S. Hooker In Honor of Mr. Julian Samuel's 90th Birthday Mr./Mrs. Lester P. Ackerman, Jr. Jeanne and Lester Adelson Mr./Mrs. J. A. Baer, Il Mr./Mrs. Pierre Birabeu and Lilli Mrs. Frank Block Dr./Mrs. Max Deutch Charles S. Goodman Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Mr./Mrs. Elmer O. Kiefer Mrs. Lawton J. Levy Mr./Mrs. Daniel Linden and Andy Mr./Mrs. Hugh A. Logan Eddie and Bob Rosenheimer Edward R. Samuels Mrs. John M. Schoenberg Mrs. F. D. Seward, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ernest Stein Mrs. Henry Tenenbaum Richard E. Turner Mr./Mrs. Jay Zimmerman In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. William E. Shamski’s Golden Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of the Old Shaw School — Fond Remembrances Libbie H. Fischer In Honor of Louis and Bemadine Silverman’s 55th Wedding Anniversary Henrietta and Peter Hochschild In Honor of Mr. Morton Singer's Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Herzmark In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Elwin R. Smith’s Special Anniversary Ann and Paul Lux In Honor of Mr. Jay L. Tohtz American Association of Retired Persons In Honor of Miss Anne Crain Whittemore Mr./Mrs. W. T. Terry, Jr. In Memory of Dr. E. Baehr Mary and Herb Freer, Ruth and Charles In Memory of David G. Bames Elizabeth G. Brokaw In Memory of William L. Beck Mrs. Vincent O. Shaw In Memory of Marian M. Bixby Mr./Mrs. C. Calvin Christy In Memory of Thomas Bowers Phyllis Hanicke Member of The Arts and Education of Greater St. Louis 11 In Memory of Mrs. Eugenia A. Brandon Mr./Mrs. Neal S. Wood In Memory of Ellen Lee Brashear Dr./Mrs. John S. Skinner In Memory of Mrs. Martha M. Breakey Florence Morris Forbes In Memory of Irene Brenner Shirley and Diarmid Flatley In Memory of Mr. Earl Bumiller Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Dora Burckhardt Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Barry In Memory of Margaret Burkhart Mr./Mrs. Harry Hysmith In Memory of Edith Burns Lou Barth Florence Bennett Helen Blackbill Mary Craddock Ruth Dollard Susette Heise Mary Heising Wini Jeep Mary Kate Johnson Martha Kepner Regina Knickman Anna Mary Le Masters Ruth Lueders Nina Ann Massa Ruth MeLure Ruth Roth Agnes Rupert Lucille Thomas Lorna Wagoner In Memory of Mrs. F. Ewald Busse Drs. Ken and Ellen Lissant In Memory of Mrs. Fannie Davis Sharon Shugart In Memory of Robert G. Dixon, Jr. William R. Piper In Memory of Mrs. Satsuye Doi Mr./Mrs. George Eto In Memory of Judge William A. Dorsey Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. Quintus Drennan, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Glenn Drennan Alice Wuertenbaecher In Memory of Alfred Eliman Rosalie and Laura Newman In Memory of Omar G. Evans, Sr. Elaine and John Henkle In Memory of Nancy Eversale Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Weier In Memory of James Fox Virginia Whaley in Memory of Henry Freund Mr./Mrs. Lester Adelson In Memory of Geo L. Galightly Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Weier In Memory of Mary Foglia Grassi Mary L. Althage and George R. Durnell In Memory of Arthur W. Green Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Bush, Jr. Callie Martin Alice Wuertenbaecher In Memory of Mrs. Lee Greenman Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Kuelker In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Peter J. Hoegen Bill and Joanne Fogarty In Memory of Mr. Peter J, Hoegen, Sr. Mrs. William M. Fogarty In Memory of Mr. Raymond W. Housh Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble In Memory of Helen and John Joynt Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher In Memory of Audrey Kolkmann Mrs. R. Hoffelder In Memory of Irwin Kreisman Mr./Mrs. Calvin A. Case, Jr. and Family In Memory of Louise M, Kuechler Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. In Memory of William M. Kupferer P. Pappas Cobb In Memory of Alma Lambert Audrey Pollard Siebe In Memory of Mrs. Antonia Lay Mr./Mrs. Ralph Edwards In Memory of Mary R. Letterman Mr./Mrs. F. B. Zienty In Memory of Mrs. Philip Mang Ethel C. Herr Marian L. Herr Marie A. Prange In Memory of John and Emily McLatchie Mr./Mrs. W. M. Ensign Harry and Kaye Maher John E. McLatchie John E. McLatchie Trust Agreement Mr./Mrs. Walter B. Schilling In Memory of Mr. H. G. Mesloh Mrs. H. E. Wiedemann In Memory of Edward Meyerson Edith Lipman Mr./Mrs. Rex Rocine In Memory of Mr. Marian (Pat) Miller Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Mrs. Georgia V. Moran Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble In Memory of Joseph 0’Hearmn Mr./Mrs. Thomas Schwark In Memory of Robert E. Osterholt South Side Roofing Company, Inc. In Memory of Mrs. Elsie Nosser Mrs. Robert J. O'Donnell In Memory of Babette Pemberton Mr./Mrs. Herman Brune In Memory of Mr. William W. Person, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Herbert Weber In Memory of the Mother of Mrs. Daniel C. Poor Mr./Mrs. Nicholas Scharff In Memory of Harvard H. Reinhardt Carol Reinhardt Diane Reinhardt Jeanne Reinhardt Joyce Reinhardt Odessa Reinhardt In Memory of Louelle Riddle Frank and Rosemarie Hauff In Memory of Rev. F. W. Ritthamel Virginia M. Ritthamel In Memory of William M. Robinson Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes In Memory of Mrs. Meyer (Bess) Rosentreter Clayton Garden Club #4 In Memory of Matilda Risch Lucy Kuhn Saturday Bridge Club Ruth Wollenbroock In Memory of Rita K. Ross Marguerite and Bill Giese In Memory of Mr. Samuel C. Sachs Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. S. Jerome Pratter/Team Four, Inc. In Memory of Miss Lauretta Schiutow Miss Grace Sherman In Memory of Clara K. Shapiro Mr./Mrs. George R. Murray In Memory of Ethel Shapiro Barbara Schechter In Memory of Jerome |. Simon, M.D. Mr./Mrs. Paul S. Miller In Memory of Jesse S. Skinner Mr./Mrs. Silas C. Dietz Mr./Mrs. William A. Frank Mrs. W. J. Pape John and Elizabeth Skinner In Memory of Barbara Smith Mrs. Charlotte M. Mungenast in Memory of Edna Steffen Beatrice C. Obermeyer In Memory of Mr. Hal Stevens Mrs. Herman Bowmar In Memory of Mrs. Henry A. Uhlemeyer Mrs. John W. Calhoun In Memory of Mr. A. B. Van Pelt Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Mrs. Virginia Betts White Mrs. Edwina Medlock In Memory of Mrs. Ada Willert Martha Milam Jones In Memory of Miss Flora Wilson Jonesburg Garden Club In Memory of Mary Wilson Mr./Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes In Memory of Ms. Alice Wittkoff Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mrs. Jane R. Robinson Mrs. Sidney W. Souers Miss Marie C. Taylor MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. NZ Volume LXVIII Number 6 November/December 1980 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin A Victorian Holiday There never was such a goose. Bob said he didn't believe there ever was such a goose cooked. It's tenderness and flavor, size and cheapness were the themes of universal admiration. Eked out by apple-sauce and mashed potatoes, it was a sufficient dinner for the whole family ... everyone had had enough, and the youngest Cratchits in particular were steeped in sage and onions to the eyebrows. — Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol Perhaps because of the influence of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, with its lush, vivid descriptions of the jollity and the decorations of a Victo- rian holiday, when many of us think of the December holidays, our minds conjure the images of the celebrations of a hundred years ago. Sometimes it seems that, instead of recalling a story that was read to us as children, the frivolity and the people and the trim- mings of that tale are our own memories; our own holidays from years ago. During Victoria's era, the holidays of December were days of feasting and song; of color; of rich scents in the kitchen; of evergreens and holly and mistletoe. It was during her time that the Christmas tree, that ornamented and lit evergreen which even during our time is the center of a family’s celebra- tion, was made popular. It had been a tradition in Germany for centuries and was in fact brought to 19th century En- gland by Victoria’s German husband, Prince Alfred. When it became known that the royal palace had a tree as its festival centerpiece, the English people swiftly adopted it as their own custom. Before then, tradition specified a Kissing Bough, which was decorated with candles, presents and ornaments of fruit and hung from a ceiling. The ornaments and candles served as a frame for a single sprig of mistletoe which dangled from the center of the Bough. The burning of the Yule Log was a custom taken from antiquity and hon- ored by Victorians. On December 24, the log would be cut from an ash. Sometimes sprinkled with corn and cider, and sometimes with a girl en- throned upon it, the log would be dragged home. There it would be kin- dled with a fragment of the previous log, kept for this purpose through the year, as a Sign of continuity. Once lit, the log was carefully tended, the fire controlled; it was con- sidered a cause of bad luck if the log burned completely in that one night. Most of the activity of the holidays revolved around the food: feasts, large and sumptuous. Beginning as early as November, chestnuts, raisins, pears, apples, grapes, oranges and lemons filled the English shops. Inventories were swiftly depleted; it was ill- mannered not to have a house over- flowing with food. Main courses of roasting turkey or chicken or beef or goose; gingerbread cakes; simmering clove and nutmeg; steaming plum puddings and baking mince pies filled the rooms of the houses with their scents. Plum pudding, that traditional holi- day dessert of the era, according to legend, was originally created by a peasant who found the king and his royal party lost in the woods, and brought them home on Christmas eve. Having little food in his poor home, he put everything he had into one pot, thus making the first plum pudding. (Continued on Page 4) Inside Letter from China Dr. Peter H. Raven ........ o Gardening in St. Louis John Elsley writes of Holly ..............008. 5 From the Members Office ....7.........000. 6-7 Calengal ..c 4.44 c8b4 4 asd 8 Profile — W. Ashley Gray Ill, Curator of Purple Martins ............ 9 News Notes ............. 10 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Adam Aronson Mrs. Agnes F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John G. Buettner Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mrs. F. T. Childress Mr. Fielding L. Childress Dr./Mrs. William H. Danforth Mr./Mrs. Sam’ C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Mrs. John L. Donnell Mr. J. Robert Edwards Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mr./Mrs. Guy W. Fiske Mrs. Florence T. Morris Forbes Mrs. Eugene A. Freund Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. Samuel Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. H. C. Grigg Mr./Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. Robert R. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. James H. Howe, III Mr./Mrs. Lee Hunter Mrs. John Kenneth Hyatt Mr./Mrs. Stanley F Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes Mrs. Margaret M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mr./Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. William S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Kresko Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr. Thomas F. Latzer Mr./Mrs. John C. Lebens Mrs. John S. Lehmann Miss Martha |. Love Mrs. Jane S. Luehrmann Mrs. Eleanor Mallinckrodt Mr. H. Dean Mann Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr. Roswell Messing, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr./Mrs. John W. Moore Mr. Thomas Moore Dr./Mrs. Walter Moore Mr./Mrs. John M. Olin Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Jane E. Piper Miss Julia Piper Mr./Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. William R. Piper Mr./Mrs. Herman T. Pott Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr./Mrs. F. M. Robinson Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mrs. William H. Schield Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Charles Schott Mr./Mrs. Richard Schaikewitz Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sylvia N. Souers Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. Cornelias F Stueck Miss Lillian L. Stupp Mr./Mrs. Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jack Turner Mrs. Horton Watkins Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil Mrs. S. A. Weintraub Mr./Mrs. O. Sage Wightman, III Mr./Mrs. Eugene F. Williams, Jr. Mrs. John M. Wolff Miss F. A. Wuellner Mr./Mrs. Andrew Zinsmeyer Mr./Mrs. Sander B. Zwick DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mrs. Patrick Ackerman Mr. Kenneth Balk Mr./Mrs. Carl Beckers Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. H. Pharr Brightman Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell Mr. Joseph C. Champ Mr./Mrs. Gary A. Close Mrs. Frances Collins Cook Mrs. Elsie Ford Curby Mr. Bernard F. Desloge Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. David C. Farrell Mr./Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward E. Haverstick Dr./Mrs. August Homeyer Mr./Mrs. B. F Jackson Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mrs. Leighton Morrill Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mrs. Harry E. Papin, Jr. Mrs. Drue Wilson Philpott Mrs. Miquette M. Potter Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mrs. Mason Scudder Miss Harriett J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. ss) Tom K. Smith, Jr., President, Board of Trustees Mrs. Robert Kittner, President of the Executive Board of the Members Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director Book Review The New York Botanical Garden Illus- trated Encyclopedia of Horticulture by Thomas H. Everett, Garland Publish- ing, Inc., New York, New York, 10 Vol- umes $525.00/set. When | was in high school, | was given for Christmas The New Ililus- trated Encyclopedia of Gardening which was edited by Mr. Everett. This encyclopedia provided me with many hours of enjoyable winter reading. | later referred to it frequently and still have it as part of my library. This new encyclopedia is like a Rolls Royce edition of the earlier en- cyclopedia. The first volume which | have reviewed represents a fine com- prehensive work which will certainly be recognized as a classic horticulture reference alongside others such as Exotica and Hortus Third. The quality of the paper, photographs, and print- ing is first rate. The “how-to” photo- graphs clearly illustrate the techniques and ideas presented. Hortus Third has rightly been used as the taxonomic re- ference for this work. This insures the compatability of these two major re- ferences. The Encyclopedia of Horticulture is easy to read. Each entry subject is ar- ranged alphabetically by genus. A helpful pronunciation guide is given for the Latin names of each genus. Valu- able, detailed, practical and much- sought-after cultural information is included with each plant entry. Various horticultural and botanical terms are carefully and clearly explained. The purchase price of this ten vol- ume encyclopedia is high, but consid- ering its superb quality, completely justified. It will surely become a stan- dard reference for serious amateur and professional horticulturists. Hope- fully, a large number of academic and public libraries will include this valu- able work in their reference section. Many contemporary gardening books are termed as “encyclopedias,” but no American horticulture books since L. H. Bailey’s Standard Cyclo- pedia of Horticulture rival this work. Mr. Everett and The New York Botani- cal Garden are to be congratulated for giving the American gardener this superlative, exhaustive work. — Steve Frowine, Supervisor of Indoor Horticulture Letter From China _ (This is the first of three letters in which Dr. Raven writes of his visit to the People’s Republic of China. Let- ters two and three will appear in sub- sequent issues of the Bulletin. — Ed.) An invitation from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (Pe- king) provided the opportunity for Tamra and me to visit botanical institu- tions in the People’s Republic of China from August 12 to September 5, 1980. As Chairman of the Committee on Scientific Liaison with the People’s Republic of China of the Botanical Society of America, | have been con- cerned with promoting exchanges by botanical scientists for about four years and now it was our turn to go and see for ourselves. Our first stop was in Beijing where the Botanical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the largest of its kind in the country. Research at the Botanical Institute, Beijing — The waterfern being grown in the dishes contains a bacterium that changes nitrogen gas into a form in which it can be used by plants. In China, it is deliberately introduced into rice paddies for this purpose. These scientists are studying how to improve it. Beijing has a climate similar to that of St. Louis, although its rainfall is more concentrated in the summer and winter temperatures are not quite as extreme. We hope to find many of the plants which are cultivated there are Suitable for gardens here, also. For example, there are several beautiful species of pines both native to and cul- ax Professor Yu Te-chun (left), Dr. Raven, Dr. Stephen Spongberg (Arnold Arboretum) and Dr. David Boufford at the Summer Palace in Beijing on the eve of the departure of the Sino-American Joint Expedition to Hubei Province. tivated in the Beijing area that are rare in cultivation in the United States and unknown around St. Louis. If they grow well with us, they will be fine ad- ditions. At the same time that we are testing new plants from China, we shall be sending many of ours for evaluation there. At the Botanical Institute in Beijing, we held extensive discussions with the Director, Professor Tang Pei-sung; the Assistant Director, Professor YU Te- chun, and others on the matter of further exchanges of personnel and of literature, specimens, living plants and seeds. Both Professor Tang and Pro- fessor YU visited St. Louis with the Chinese botanical delegation last year. One of the most exciting subjects we discussed in China was the possi- bility of producing an English transla- tion of the Flora of China. This 80- volume work has occupied the atten- tion of several hundred Chinese botanists for the past 30 years. A third of the volumes have been published and the remainder are scheduled to appear by 1990. When this work is finished, it will describe approximately 30,000 species of plants — about one-eighth of the total found on earth — using some 50 million Chinese characters and over 5,000 beautifully executed full-page plates. Chinese scientists are anxious to produce an English translation of this work so that their results may be more accessible to people of the rest of the world. Especially in view of the many uses of these plants that are known in China, it is obvious that such a translation would be highly desirable. We are working with them to determine a way in which it can be accomplished. We received our introduction to the extensive use of plants that is so characteristic of China at the Physic Garden of the Institute of Pharmacol- ogy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Here more than 600 kinds of medicinal herbs regularly sold and used by the Chinese were in cultiva- tion for the purposes of preservation and of discerning efficient methods of deriving their products. No nation on earth is more interested in the uses of its plants than is China; everywhere we went we saw evidence of the de- sire not only to improve the old and traditional uses but to find new uses for all kinds of plants as gums, resins, medicines, foods and other purposes. A highlight of our stay in Beijing was the arrival, and subsequent departure for the field, of a party of five American botanists who were to accompany a joint Sino-American expedition to southwestern China. These five in- cluded Dr. Bruce Bartholomew, now the chief botanist at the University of California Botanical Garden in Ber- keley, whose doctoral work | helped supervise at Stanford University; Dr. David Boufford, who had completed his doctoral degree under my direction here at Washington University and the Missouri Botanical Garden, and who is now at the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh; and representatives from (Continued on Page 9) 3 A Victorian Holiday (Continued from Page 1) 14 RALBIELe orn Sead | eke DETTE Libreria | may “q iw. a 4 (gar pois | / U4 re 0. amy Ret, wa ia ¥L : : AA 4 on Cae MLN Y UiAW PRAIA Cit ?# of Dr. 1 Barbour May is a7o /Rowats Lig State Histurical Suriely ot Wisconsin (7 Mteithaé S/ ee — ee , Oo AVS A letter to Henry Shaw from James D. Butler, written January 10, 1883. The holiday dinner was often inter- rupted by wandering carolers who made the rounds of neighborhoods, singing at doorways or beneath win- dows. Families entertained by the carolers gave them gifts of money or food. The holiday ended with a hot wine punch of ale, sugar, spices and roast apples. There was dancing and sing- ing and revelry that, according to the tradition, had to continue until the large bowl of wine punch was empty. In searching the archives of the Missouri Botanical Garden library, it was found that Henry Shaw, the Gar- den’s founder, celebrated the holidays as was the custom of his time. There were invoices to him for one boned- turkey, (at $7.00), twenty-five and one-half gallons of wine — Cavignan (at $2.00 per gallon), five and one-half dozen oysters (50* per dozen), one dozen lemons (forty cents), elev- en gallons of beer (40% per gallon) and two kegs of beer ($2.00 per keg), seventy-one loaves of bread (total $5.55), twelve pounds of tea — ten of Assam and two of Orange Pekoe — 4 ($9.30 total), fifty-four more loaves of bread (ten cents per loaf) and two cakes (25% total); and other invoices for raisins, currants, fruits and nuts. . | was going to wish you a happy New Year but it will be an old story before you get it, or don't you follow the custom of “Merry Christmas” and “Happy New Year” in your part of the country, oh! how | wish you were here to help me eat a piece of plumb cake for you must know our tastes have so far degenerated that we have /ost our wish for plumb pudding ... what merry times they have in England about Christmas .. . 5 4 a Shaw's sister, Sarah, writing him from Pittsford, New York, January 2, 1831 If you visit Tower Grove House, the restored Victorian country home of Henry Shaw, during this December, you could taste the richness of a holi- day as Dickens described it. The one-hundred, thirty-one year old home will be faithfully decorated with authen- tic Victorian trimmings. The walls and stairways will be draped with greens; there will be evergreen wreaths in the ~ downstairs’ windows. In the two Italian marble fireplaces of the first-floor twin parlors, there will be Yule logs like those Victorian men would have brought home from the woods on De- cember 24. From the chandelier in the main hall, there will be hung a Kissing Ball. There will be a Christmas tree with candles in its branches. Unfortu- nately, because of fire laws, neither the Yule logs nor the candles on the tree may be lit. The scents of Victorian homes dur- ing the holidays are present as well; the herbs, the spices and fresh fruits. As well the refreshments, for on De- cember 10, 12, 15, 17 and 19, visitors to the House are invited to eat and drink as would have visitors to the homes of Dickens’ people, or visitors to the House when Mr. Shaw occupied it. Hot bouillion chablis, a wassail bowl, cof- fee, herb tea and Christmas breads will be served between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. There will be a slight charge for the refreshments. Tower Grove House will be closed on December 8 to be prepared for the Holidays and will reopen, greens draped, wreaths hung, holly and mis- tletoe arranged on December 9. The holiday continues until December 28; the hours of the House in December are 10:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. For in- formation, please call 577-5150. ardening Garde Louis Holly — A Winter Treasure Our often severe St. Louis winter climate imposes many restrictions on the winter displays in our gardens. None is probably greater than our ina- bility to successfully cultivate a wide range of broad-leaved evergreen trees and shrubs, so valued as ornamentals in more climatically favored temperate gardens. The extensive use, for example, of variegated evergreens in British gardens adds both light and color during the damp, drab days of winter. Evergreens add a sense of permanence and establishment to garden design and hence we should endeavor to at least consider the merits of those broad-leaved ever- greens suitable for our climate. Proba- bly no group is more valuable than the hollies (Ilex), a factor that has encour- aged us to extend our representation of these plants at the Garden. Growing immediately northwest of the mausoleum grounds are several excellent mature specimens of the American Holly, /iex opaca. This situ- ation is sheltered from cutting winds and the morning sun in winter, factors that, when combined with a cool soil, appear to be ideal for this native Mis- souri species. The dense upright habit, pale bark and deep-green leaves punctuated profusely with scar- let berries all combine in making the mature female American Holly one of the most stunning plants for the land- scape. It is important to remember that all hollies have sexes on different plants and that in order to produce berries, one must have a female plant and a male plant within pollinating dis- tance. The American Holly is an ex- tremely variable species, individuals differing markedly in foliage and fruit- ing characteristics — thus one should, where possible, select named clones. Many of the more desirable can be seen growing in the Garden either ad- jacent to the mausoleum or im- mediately north of the Administration Building at the south end of the gar- den. A selection of the most desirable clones would include the male ‘Jersey Knight’ and females ‘Miss Helen’, ‘Chief Paduke’ and ‘Manig’. In contrast to some other winter fruit- ing ornamentals, holly berries are less palatable to birds and tend to be ig- nored until little else is available, serv- ing therefore as an emergency ration for wildlife — an added reason for planting hollies. Long lateral growths can be pruned back for Christmas decorations, and any necessary prun- ing should be considered formative in nature. “A broad-leaved evergreen which should be planted in every garden is the Inkberry (//ex glabra), one of the most attractive of native shrubs.” This statement by Ernest H. Wilson, Keeper of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, is as valid today as in 1926 when it was written. Wilson also comments that at that time it was, because of its origin, despised by nur- serymen, an observation that is also true today. In a landscape the Inkberry forms a neat rounded specimen in an Open situation, can be used for mass screening or background plantings, and makes an excellent hedge. We have used this species as a formal background hedge around the small entrance garden of our Japanese Gar- den. A selection of the species, //ex glabra ‘Compacta’, a dwarf female clone with lighter branching and foliage is especially valuable for the home landscape. The leaves of the Inkberry are oblong and terminally rounded, dark green and lustrous above, and lacking prickles. In the wild, it occurs in coastal swamps and bordering salt marshes along the eastern seaboard, spreading by un- derground stems — the only holly to sucker in this manner. It responds well to all forms of pruning and is the har- diest holly for local planting. The Japanese holly, //ex crenata, is a close relative of the North American Inkberry and has been used much more extensively as an ornamental. In habit, the species forms a stiff rounded bush consisting of short dense branches bearing small, rounded lus- trous, dark green leaves. The berries are, like the Inkberry, black, but largely inconspicuous beneath the dense foliage. It has many uses in gardens, such as foundation planting, hedges Or as an individual specimen. In Ja- pan, many of the distinct clones are used throughout the traditional gar- dens and in our own Japanese Gar- den an excellent hedge of the clone ‘Convexa’ with its distinct glossy leaves runs the entire length of the two dry landscape gardens. Many selec- tions, differing in growth habit and foliage have been made from this most variable and ornamentally attrac- tive holly. No discussion, however brief, on hollies suitable as winter ornamentals for the St. Louis area would be com- plete without mention of two North American native deciduous species, the Winterberry, //ex verticillata, and the Possumhaw, /I/ex decidua. Both form a somewhat nondescript rounded shrub, but their massed production of scarlet fruits which last well into winter and are spectacular when viewed against snow, make these hollies among the finest of all berried orna- mentals. The Winterberry is especially tolerant of wet situations, while the Possumhaw is more adapted to al- kaline soils. Heavy fruiting selections are available of both species. ‘War- ren’s Red’ is an especially excellent form of Ilex decidua. Visitors to the Shaw Arboretum dur- ing November and December should not fail to enjoy the spectacular winter display of /lex decidua immediately south of the Visitors Center — a sight that surely gives credence to the words of the Christmas Carol that “The holly bears a berry as bright as any flower...” — John Elsley, Superintendent of the Japanese Garden 5 From The Members Office Board Approves Changes In Membership Benefits The Executive Board of the Mem- bers unanimously approved revisions in Garden Membership benefits at their September 8 meeting. All changes will go into effect on January 1, 1981. A $25.00 FAMILY MEMBERSHIP will offer maximum opportunity for members of your immediate family to enjoy the Garden throughout the year. The Family Membership benefits in- clude: — Free admission to the Garden, Tower Grove House and to Shaw Arboretum for yourself, your spouse and all children under 21. — The Bulletin which is published six times a year and includes a schedule of activities and events at the Garden and Shaw Ar- boretum as well as horticultural advice written especially for the St. Louis area. — 10% discount on purchases at the Plant Shop, the Gate Shop and on registration fees for Edu- cation courses. — Special Members-only parties, lectures and activities scheduled throughout the year including opening night previews of flower shows. — Member trips especially de- signed by Garden staff to explore public and private gardens around the world. Supporting Members, those who make an annual Membership contribu- tion greater than the minimum of $25 as a way of sustaining the Garden and supporting its programs, will be pro- vided special benefits. In appreciation of their gift, Supporting Members will receive guest privileges. A Supporting Member can bring any number of guests to the Garden throughout the year free of charge. Other benefits in- clude: — CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS ($50) receive all the benefits of Family Membership plus guest privileges, and invitations to two exclusive receptions preceding flower show openings. — SUSTAINING MEMBERS ($100) receive all of the benefits of Con- tributing Membership plus a $10.00 gift certificate from the Plant Shop. — SPONSORING MEMBERS ($250) receive all of the benefits of Sustaining Membership plus a $10.00 gift certificate from The Garden Gate Shop. — DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES ($500) receive all of the benefits of Sponsoring Membership and participate in the annual Direc- tor’s Associates tour of the Gar- den which is scheduled each spring. — HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES ($1,000 or more) by their exam- ple provide leadership in support of the Garden. Henry Shaw As- sociates receive all the benefits provided other membership categories. In addition, an annual recognition dinner is held for Henry Shaw Associates at which leadership awards are pre- sented. In addition, The Executive Board of the Members approved the establish- ment of an Organizational category of membership which provides benefits appropriate to the needs of groups, clubs and other organizations. You will be hearing more about the membership revisions in the January/February issue of the Bulle- tin. If you wish further information, please call 577-5118. — Lise Barr, Executive Secretary, Office of the Members Member’s Survey During the summer, two hundred members, selected at random, were interviewed to determine their at- titudes toward the garden and its pos- sible participation in the Zoo-Museum Tax District. The results of those inter- views, and interviews with nine hundred non-members, have been compiled into a report of 395 pages. The report details not only attitudes toward the Garden but economic and sociological information about those interviewed. Through the results we learned much about our members. First, one- half of them earn their principal in- come as executives or professionals; one-quarter are retired. Their median age is 55, as one-half are older than 55 and one-half are younger. They re- side in all parts of the city and county and have generally lived in the St. Louis area for more than thirty years. Ninety percent of our members grow plants; sixty percent have a vegetable garden. Three-quarters of our members have attended college and one- quarter have a graduate degree. We learned that seventy percent have visited the Garden more than ten times and that members living in the city visit us slightly more often than do those living in the county. One-half of our members have visited the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit; some visit there regularly. The two primary reasons our mem- bers specified for visiting us are one, to attend special shows and, two, just to enjoy the Garden. According to the response, the most important facet of our work is education. Our members are knowledgeable about Garden finances. Over half realize we operate within a very tight budget. They understand that we rely heavily on private contributions and that we receive funds from the Henry Shaw estate and from the Arts and Education Council. However, one-half are uncertain whether we receive funds from the Zoo-Museum Tax Dis- trict. We do not, but hope to in the fu- ture. The response shows that mem- bers do support that idea. Very importantly, we learned from the non-members surveyed that they depend on our members for informa- tion about us and that it is the opinions of our members, as well as those of the staff, that they would most respect regarding our participation in the Zoo-Museum Tax District. In fact, sup- port of our members as representa- tives of the Garden could be decisive when we have the opportunity to hold a public referendum for the Tax District. — Richard Daley, Special Assistant to the Director Fall Lecture Series The Fall Lecture Series, A World of Gardens, continues during November. On November 5, John E. Elsley, Superintendant of the Japanese Gar- den, presents the Gardens of Eng- land. On the 12th, Vice President of the New York Botanical Garden Carlton B. Lees discusses Gardens of the Mediterranean; and Margaretta J. Darnall, Assistant Professor in the Washington University School of Architecture, talks about Gardens of America on November 19. All three dates are Wednesdays; each lecture is presented twice, at 10:30 a.m. and at 8:00 p.m. on the scheduled day in the Auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Members are ad- mitted free and may bring guests. Two Special Holiday Gifts As the Holiday season approaches, remember the gift of Garden Member- ship. Membership in the Garden brings enjoyment all year long. Mem- bers receive free admission to the Garden, Tower Grove House and Shaw Arboretum; a subscription to the Bulletin; discounts at the Garden Gate and Plant Shops and invitations to a variety of programs and activities throughout the year. In addition, the recipient of a gift Membership will receive a Christmas Cactus — a timely reminder of your thoughtfulness and generosity. Gar- den Membership costs $25.00. You may order gift Memberships by calling 577-5118. In the March/April issue of the Bul- letin, we described the Prairie Project which the Shaw Arboretum has under- taken. Through this project, we are endeavoring to preserve a part of the American heritage, the tallgrass prairie. Through a gift contribution to the Prairie Project in the name of a friend, or in your own name, you could be giv- ing a gift which will endure — the gift of this part of our heritage to future gen- erations. For gift contributions of $25.00 or more, the person in whose name it is made will receive The Tallgrass Prairie — The Inland Sea, by Patricia Duncan, a 113 page book with 104 color photographs and a descrip- tion of the seasons, the plants, and the animals of the tallgrass prairies. For further information, please call 5/ 1-1: As a special offer to our members the Gar- den Gate Shop is offering Holiday greeting cards showing an attractive color photo- graph of Tower Grove House, $2.50 per box of 20; two boxes for $5.00 and a third box free; regularly $3.50 per box. oe * : ~ ai sa iat ‘ re " we ee «3 # “ ‘4 ‘ \ j Ss Pe ‘om pa! gf ae &> e. : Xx ~~ a " St val “Wildflowers of the Southern Pinelands,” one of the four signed framed prints available from the Keith West series Wildflowers of North America. During December, all four are offered at a special price of $50.00 each to members while supply lasts. At the Garden Gate Shop. The Garden At Yuletide The Victorian Holiday at Tower Grove House is only one of several events you might enjoy at the Garden during November and December. On November 5 and 6, the Garden Gate Shop will have its annual Holiday Preview Sale. Members receive a fif- teen percent discount on all purchases on those two days. The Shop will fea- ture new holiday decorations and gifts. Refreshments will be served to shop- pers. During the Preview, the Shop will be open from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. On December 1 through 24, the Plant Shop will hold its annual Holiday Plant Sale. Members receive a twenty percent discount on all purchases. In addition to foliage plants, during the sale the Shop will feature poinsettias, camellias, cyclamen, azaleas, Christ- mas Cactus, Norfolk Island Pines and Paperwhite Narcissus and Amaryllis bulbs. There will also be a selection of tropical plants. The Plant Shop will award a Norfolk Island Pine as first prize in a drawing on December 19. Members may enter the drawing, at no charge, each time they make a purchase between De- cember 1 and 18. Second prize will be a poinsettia. Coffee will be served free to all shoppers during December. The Holiday Plant Exhibit will open on the patio of the Climatron on De- cember 6. We'll have poinsettias, Christmas Cactus, Christmas Pep- pers, Kalanchoe and other seasonal plants. The exhibit continues through December 24. 1981 Garden Tours We have planned another year of interesting tours for Garden Members. The tours will feature private and pub- lic gardens, both domestic and foreign. Each tour is designed espe- cially for the Garden and will be led by an expert from the Garden staff. February — Baja California, led by Ken Peck, Manager of Instructional Services. The tour will take you from the magnificent mountains to the sparkling Pacific, through the agricul- tural coastal plain and into the wilder- ness of the desert. Special attention will be given to the local flora, such as the lofty boojums and the unique elephant trees. March — Hawaii, led by Steven Frowine, Chairman of Indoor Horticul- ture. The tour will feature the outer is- lands, including several private gar- dens on the islands of Hawaii and Kauai, and a stay on the imcompara- ble island of Maui. Of course you'll spend time on Oahu with an opportu- nity to visit the Polynesian Cultural Center and to enjoy more of the breathtaking beauty only Hawaii has to offer. In May, Alan Godlewski leads mem- bers to the Pacific Northwest; and in October, John Elsley takes them to England. More on these two tours, later. 7 November 1980 Holiday at Tower Grove Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday | Thursday Friday Saturday 1 Medicinal Plants Exhibit (through November 30) 2 3 4 a) 6 rf 8 Garden Gate Shop Holiday Preview Sale 10:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m Lecture: Gardens of England Garden Gate Shop Holiday 10:30 a.m. & 8:00 p.m. Preview Sale 10:00 John Elsley a.m.-8:00 p.m. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lecture: Gardens of the Mediterranean 10:30 a.m. & 8:00 p.m. Cartton Lees, Vice President New York Botanical Garden Preview Orchid Sale Orchid Sale 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Lecture: Gardens of America 10:30 a.m. & 8:00 p.m Margaretta J. Darnall 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Last Day for Medicinal Plants Exhibit Thanksgiving Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday | Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 be) 6 Holiday Plant Sale — Plant Holiday Plant Exhibit — Shop (through December 24) Chanukah Climatron 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Tower Grove House closed Victorian Holiday — Tower for decoration — reopen Grove House (through December 9 December 28) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SA 21 22 23 24 25 26. 27 Christmas Day — z 7 iy Last day for Plant Sale and Missouri Botanical 2 ad Holiday Plant Exhibit Garden Closed tt : 5 ~ WK _ | aty ~~ 28 29 30 31 at f oe i 2s =. ; i oy’, ; J st 7 Last day for Victorian : o : NS a House New Year's Eve PROFILE W. Ashley Gray Ill, Curator of Purple Martins W. Ashley Gray Ill’s involvement with purple martins at the Garden began on Volunteer Evening in the Rose Garden. He and his wife Charla, a member of the Members’ Executive Board, were touring the Garden. “| noticed two eight-family martin houses and saw that they were in a poor place and in disrepair. | told that to Dr. Raven and said that it was a shame, as pretty as the rest of the Garden was, that the martin nesting area was in such poor shape. | told him that someone ought to take the project in hand and bring this small facet up to the standards of the rest of the Garden.” A short time later, Dr. Raven appointed him the Curator of Purple Martins. Mr. Gray laughs recalling that incident, but he is in earnest in his work to bring purple martins to the Garden. The purple martin is a swallow, the largest swallow in fact, and as its name implies, purple. “So purple, it often looks black” says Mr. Gray. It is a migratory bird, wintering in the Ama- zon Valley in Brazil, and returning north in early spring. It feeds on flying insects, primarily mosquitoes; an adult consumes an estimated 2,000 mos- quitoes each day. Some experts, how- ever, claim that figure is too conserva- tive and Say it is five times that number — 10,000 a day. “They catch their food by flying around, darting in the air with their mouths open,” says Mr. Gray. “That's why the houses needed to be moved. There was not enough space for the birds to fly and swoop.” During this winter, he will remove the houses from their present location and clean them and repair them. In mid-February, the houses will be in- stalled in a better, more open location — 200 yards directly north of the Japanese Garden. At that time, stops will be put into the holes in the houses. “To keep out the sparrows,” says Mr. Gray, “because once sparrows be- come entrenched in the houses it is The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BUL- LETIN is published six times each year, in January, March, May, July, September and No- vember by the Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. ia difficult to attract the martins. The Sparrows fight them off.” In about late-February or early- March, the first martins should arrive in the area. These will be the scouts of the flock, searching for homes. When the scouts are seen, the stops in half the holes will be removed and egg shells placed at the bases of the houses. The egg shells attract the birds. When it appears that several pairs are interested in nesting in the houses, the other half of the stops will be removed to attract more martins. Mr. Gray’s own interest in purple martins comes from the time he spent watching them when he was young on his parents’ farm in Pike County. He has a martin house in his own yard in Manchester, Missouri, where several pairs of martins nest during that part of the year they are in the north. “I’m not an expert on martins, but | enjoy them,” he says. If he is successful in bringing a small flock of purple martins to the Garden, we'll be able to enjoy them as well. Letter From China (Continued from Page 3) the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard Uni- versity, The New York Botanical Gar- den and the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. They were departing for three months of field work in the western part of Hubei province in southwestern China, including the region where the dawn redwoods (Metasequoia) were first discovered by Chinese foresters in 1942. The dawn redwoods are the graceful trees that line the eastern side of the John S. Lehmann Building at the Garden. Our trees were planted from seed obtained by a joint Univer- sity of California-Arnold Arboretum expedition in 1947. They are now over 110 feet tall. This new Sino-American expedition back to the area where these trees were discovered was a particularly thrilling event, since it has been ap- proximately 25 years since any foreign scientists have carried out field studies of plants or animals in the People’s Republic of China. We are delighted to have played a role through the Botani- cal Society of America in making the present expedition possible. Starting in the latter part of 1981, five of the Chinese scientists who accom- panied this expedition to Hubei will be coming individually to different institu- tions in the United States for periods of a year or more. The Missouri Botanical Garden will be one of the institutions where they will study. We hope that expeditions will now be conducted every summer in China and in the United States and that what we have begun during the past few years will be the start of an important and mutu- ally beneficial scientific interchange. ... (Next issue: an expedition to Mount Omei) Medicinal Plant Exhibit Before there was Lederle and Searle and Upjohn, there was the doc- trine of signatures. This doctrine held that a certain plant was identified with a part of the human body and there- fore helpful in healing that particular organ or part. For example, bloodroot purged bad blood from the system, heartsease cured a sick heart, liver- wort was beneficial for the liver. In our culture, we have advanced beyond signatures, but plants and herbs still remain major sources of medicines. Digitalis, a cardiac stimu- lant, is derived from the dried leaves of the common foxglove. The controver- sial drug, laetrile, which some claim to be a cure for cancer, is derived from the kernel of the apricot. Reserpine, which is useful in the treatment of hypertension and mental disorders, comes from the root of rauwolfia ser- pentina (dogbane). The botany of rauwolfia was originally described by Robert Woodson during the 1950’s while he was associated with the Gar- den. Signatures, digitalis, reserpine, laet- rile, and other drugs and curative po- tions are the topics in the Medicinal Plant Exhibition which opens at Mis- souri Botanical Garden on November 1, 1980. There will be three principal exhibits and other, lesser exhibits spread throughout the Garden. The primary exhibits, located in the lobby of the Lehmann Building, include a historical overview of the medicinal plants, beginning with the doctrine of signatures; a multi-media exhibit pre- pared by the St. Louis College of Pharmacy concerning trees as sources of drugs; and an exhibit of Missouri's Contribution to Medical Botany. Medicinal herbs will also be displayed. The exhibition continues until No- vember 30, 1980. cNews Notes 1981 IMS Grant Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of Mis- souri Botanical Garden, was pleased to announce that the Garden was awarded a $35,000 grant from the In- stitute of Museum Services. The grant will be used for general operating sup- port during 1981. The Garden was one of 405 institu- tions awarded funds by the I.M.S. for 1981; I.M.S. received 1,500 applica- tions for the grants. Mrs. Lee Kimche, Director of the In- stitute, said “General Operating Sup- port grants are the most valuable type of grant a museum Can receive since they are applied towards the basic services that museums provide — education, conservation, security, exhibitions and outreach programs.” Arthur Dye Resigns Arthur Dye, Assistant Director of the Garden for Development, resigned his position, effective October 31, 1980. He will be relocating in North Carolina where he will be an independent con- sultant for development and fund rais- ing for non-profit organizations, primarily those engaged in community action programs. At the Garden he was responsible for fund raising and promotional activities. 35th AHS Congress In September, the American Hor- ticultural Society held its 35th Annual Congress in St. Louis, co-sponsored by the Missouri Botanical Garden. As part of the Congress, A.H.S. members toured the Garden, and three private gardens — those of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Forbes (a one and one-half acre oriental-style garden, using native Missouri plant material), Mr. and Mrs. Henry G. Keeler, Jr. (a small, personal garden with several fountains and formalized vegetable and herb gardens) and Mrs. John S. Lehmann (a ten acre garden with a fruit orchard, vegetables, and roses). Dr. Mildred Mathias, an alumna of Washington University and Missouri Botanical Garden, was awarded the A.H.S. Liberty Hyde Bailey Medal, the Society’s highest honor. The Bailey Medal was presented to Dr. Mathias for her distinguished career as a botanist, which has included the au- thorship of 173 catalogued works, the executive directorship of the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, and the Los Angeles Times Woman of Achievement Award. She has had two plants, Sciadotenia mathiasiana and Lycaste mathiaslae, and one genus, Mathiasella buple- uroides, named for her. UCLA's bo- tanical garden is also named for her. First Alfred And Priscilla Saxdal Award The first Alfred and Priscilla Saxdal Trophy was presented to Richard Hor- belt of Granite City, Illinois during the Men's Garden Clubs’ Fall Show on September 20, 1980. Mr. Horbelt was honored for his 1980 All-America Rose entry, Cherish, a pink florabunda de- veloped by Jackson and Perkins Co. of Medford, Oregon. The Saxdal Award, which will be presented annually to the best All- America Rose entry, is named in honor of Alfred and Priscilla Saxdal, both former employees of the Garden. Alfred joined the staff here in 1963 as Rose Grower and later became Superintendent of Grounds, in 1971. Priscilla came to the Garden in 1963, as a volunteer and became a full-time staff member in 1969. Mr. Saxdal re- tired in 1977; Mrs. Saxdal, a year later. Both remain as volunteers and live on the grounds of the Garden. 10 et Richard Horbelt (left), Alfred Saxd al, Priscilla Saxdal, and Rose Society President, James Hess. New Chairman Of Education Judy Studer joined the staff of Mis- souri Botanical Garden as Chairman of the Education Department on Oc- tober 16. She had previously been Di- rector of Program Development at Coro Foundation, Midwestern Center. As Chairman of the Education De- partment, she will assist in course de- velopment, act as liaison between the Garden and community schools, and supervise the educational programs. “| think the Garden can make a sig- nificant contribution to the commu- nity,” she said, “by bringing a variety of people together to learn here. A visit to the Garden can become an educa- tional experience for everyone: the tourist, the casual visitor, as well as the student and the serious botanist. | think that can be accomplished — that all who visit here learn something about botany and ecology and about how we relate to those sciences. It can be done outside the classroom as well as within.” Orchids In November Two important events pertaining to orchids will occur during November. On November 15, an orchid sale will be held in the greenhouse area (head house) from 10:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m., or until the inventory is depleted. Prices will begin at $5.00 (for the cor- sage type orchid — Catteyas). There will also be various unusual species and those from the genera Laelia, * 7 o8 St _ - EMME Sct 2 iow ae eae tt wn ae —— en NPe os8 ‘ . 1 a" . b-"* » i “if Aa ai. Epidendrum, Lycaste, Maxillaria and others. For those unfamiliar, but in- terested in growing and caring for or- chids, there will be free information sheets. Experts from St. Louis orchid societies and horticulturists from the Garden will be available to answer questions. Proceeds from the sale will be used to purchase new plants to im- prove the Garden's collection. A pre- view sale will be held Friday, Novem- ber 14, from 7:00 p.m. until 9:00 p.m. A $10.00 contribution is required to at- tend and funds collected will be used to purchase a new orchid display case which will be installed on the patio of the Climatron. The second event in November will be the publication of a new edition of Orchids of Panama, a one volume work describing 500 species of or- chids which occur in that country. Orig- inally published in 1946 and 1949 as part of the larger work, Flora of Panama, and reprinted as a section of that same work in 1965, Orchids of Panama is the only comprehensive treatment of this incredibly rich orchid flora. The new, 1980 edition will also contain an appendix listing all the or- chids known to occur in Panama, about 800. The volume may be ordered from the Garden Gate Shop; Missouri Bo- tanical Garden; P.O. Box 299; St. Louis, MO 63166, U.S.A. The price is $28.95, postpaid. Orders should be prepaid; a $1.00 fee will be added to orders requiring invoicing. AUGUST/SEPTEMBER NEW MEMBERSHIP NEW SPONSORING MEMBER Mr. Ben Roth NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERS Contact Personnel, Inc. Mr. Wm. W. Fener Mr. Willis D. Hadley Ms. A. Donna King Mrs. Rene J. Lusser Mr. Julius Nohmensen Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Schnuck Mr./Mrs. Don L. Wolfsberger NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Mr./Mrs. David L. Barnum Beyer Lumber Company Mr. Frank Bick Mrs. Joyce M. Broughton Mr. Robert L. Buele Mrs. David R. Calhoun, Jr. Mr. James E. Clough Mr./Mrs. Jack Delling Mr. James J. Denby Mr./Mrs. James P. Finnegan, Jr. Mr./Mrs. E. G. Florman Mr. Louis S. Galtermann Mr./Mrs. Norman C. Gilbert Dr./Mrs. Jonathan A. Gold Mr./Mrs. F. J. Grose Mr./Mrs. Bill Hamilton Mr./Mrs. Ernest Kurtz Mr./Mrs. L. W. Ledbetter, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ralph Lee Mr./Mrs. Joseph G. Longstrath Mrs. Minard T. MacCarthy Mr. Bernard Mangelsdorf Mr./Mrs. R. O. McGregor Mr./Mrs. Subodh Mehra Mr./Mrs. Russell D. Meyer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joe A. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Myers Mr./Mrs. Carl Otto Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Wagner Miss Lorraine Wilker TRIBUTES — NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1980 In Honor of Lowell and Martha Andrew's 50th Wedding Anniversary Dolores and Winnifred Fiege In Honor of Zella Berk’s Special Birthday Margie and Bert Talcoff In Honor of Mildred Berland’s Birthday Jeanne and Lester Adelson In Honor of Mrs. Eugene Freund’s 85th Birthday Mr./Mrs. Benard C. Adler Dr./Mrs. Jack R. Eidelman Mr./Mrs. S. E. Freund Mrs. Jack H. Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Joseph Laba In Honor of Alice Gerdine’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. James Holsen, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Clifford Kurrus In Honor of Mrs. Whitney Harris’ Birthday Ben and Phyllis Adler In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Tilford Hearsh’s New Granddaughter Dorothy and Sam Rosenbloom In Honor of Mr. Maurice Hirsch’s 75th Birthday Jeanne and Lester Adelson In Honor of Irene and Mike Karl’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Jeanne and Lester Adelson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. |. E. Millstone’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Leon Strauss In Honor of Mrs. Kobai Naruse St. Louis Chapter, Ikebana International In Honor of Mr. Julian G. Samuels’ 90th Birthday Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Weinstock In Honor of Mr. Jeff Schneider's Speedy Recovery Judy and Lester Goldman In Honor of Mrs. Marie Schoenlau Elizabeth Ruck In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Schott, Jr.’s 55th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Herbert J. Kipp In Honor of Selma and Sam Soule’s 45th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Lester Adelson In Honor of Mr. J. Tohtz Bennett Hills Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Isido A. Alberici Mr./Mrs. Harvey A. Hofmeister In Memory of Mrs. Charles Alm Mr./Mrs. Reynold W. Malmer In Memory of the Mother of Dr. Donald P. Ames Mr./Mrs. R. J. Hakkinen In Memory of Hilma Augusta Anderson Philip E. Graham In Memory of Lolita Anderson Gunnard W. Anderson In Memory of Mr. Peter Bakewell Mrs. Kenneth Davis Lois Mc K. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Frank R. Sheldon Mrs. Arthur Stockstrom In Memory of Mrs. Bascom Bug and Ida Steinberg In Memory of Mr. Walter Biesterfeldt Advertising Staff of Famous-Barr In Memory of William H. Bixby Mrs. Leicester B. Faust A. H. Stein, Jr. In Memory of Alice Chandler Viola Villardi In Memory of Francis J. Costello, Sr. Lela Ent Jane Forestner In Memory of Leo P. Cremins, Sr. Ann Kroeger and Alexander and Alexander In Memory of Elizabeth Lashly Ferriss Alexander and Elizabeth Bakewell In Memory of Mr. Vincent T. Gilliam Founder Circle Garden Club H. Eugene and Betty Handkins In Memory of Eloise Goodrich Miss Thelma H. Bohle In Memory of James A. Gudermuth Irene and Evelyn Riddle In Memory of Ora Halvorson Judith Goldman In Memory of Elmer E. Hilpert, Il Mrs. Gloria Hogbin In Memory of Ethel Hope Mrs. Roy McCormach (Loraine) Mildred Trotter In Memory of Dorothy Kinstler Mr./Mrs. Bruce S. Hughes-Smith In Memory of Woodrow Pettus Kubatzky Eva A. and Barrie Scott Oehler In Memory of Sidney Lazaroff Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Hiram A. Lerner James L. and Phyllis E. McLean In Memory of Augusta and Edgar Littmann Carol Littmann In Memory of Ray Masters Ed and Sue Blum In Memory of Walter Math George R. Durnell Patricia Ohmer In Memory of James S. McDonnell Mary and George Bryant Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Member of . The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St. Louis a Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Cave Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Mr./Mrs. J. S. Smith, Jr. In Memory of (Ret.) Col. H. F. McGuire The Habermaas Family In Memory of Jessie M. Meier Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson In Memory of James L. Morgan Mr./Mrs. B. R. Yoder In Memory of Louise Marie (Canova) Preston Mr./Mrs. John M. Buckley The Buhl Family Mr./Mrs. Norman J. Burzen Amy Connaghan Helen Demanes Mr./Mrs. John F. Doolittle Stewart and Ruth Durrant Mr./Mrs. Eugene P- Heumann Shari Hinni Mel Bay Publications Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. Mrs. W. Gillespie Moore Marie and Roger Pahmeyer Ora and Augusta Rider Mr./Mrs. Steve Rufer Employees of Skinner and Kennedy Company/Bindery Division Mr./Mrs. Albert H. Smith, Jr Mr./Mrs. H. A. Symonds Mrs. Florence Thuet Mr./Mrs. Homer C. Tourkakis Helena and Orlie Wilkening John and Margie Witt In Memory of Jesse Spore Schmidt Mr./Mrs. John B. Kirchner In Memory of Mr. Frank M. See Mr./Mrs. George Barnes, Jr. In Memory of Mr. David Seltzer Ella Tappmeyer In Memory of the Old Shaw School Libbie H. Fischer In Memory of Emma Showalter Gwen Springett In Memory of Margaret Simons Lester and Jody Rosenblatt In Memory of Mrs. J. G. Taylor Spink Mr./Mrs. C. C. Johnson Spink In Memory of Mrs. Richard Rogers Stankyse Mr./Mrs. Robert LaMear In Memory of George M. Start Mr./Mrs. Tisdel In Memory of the Mother of Mr. and Mrs. Kalevi Stenberg Mr./Mrs. R. J. Hakkinen In Memory of William Vesser Mary and Al Hicks Mrs. James H. Ready In Memory of Helen Ida Waninger John and Jane Vigil In Memory of Helen Weber Nancy Gass In Memory of Irene Weinhold Milded A. Miksicek In Memory of Mr. J. Garneau Weld, Jr. Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mrs. E. R. Culber, Jr. In Memory of Mr. T. Cecil Whitmarsh Mr./Mrs. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Ann F. Wilson Jane M. Gratpeter In Memory of Marie Woelfer Mr./Mrs. R. H. Harper In Memory of Caspar S. Yost, Ill Mr./Mrs. Valier The Climatron — 20 years old (1960-1980). MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO.