DA Pur Adi 7 A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND EDITED BY WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, FL. eg era TO AND Ex-PRESIDENT OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY; so Hon. SECRETARY YorKSHIRE NaTurRA.ists’ Union; JoinT-AUTHOR OF A ‘ HANDBOOK OF THE RATE FAUNA OF YORKSHIRE’; Hon. MEMBER OF T BRADFORD ISTS’ AND MicroscopicaL SociETY, CLEVELAND NATURALISTS’ on NaTuRALists’ Society, Live ETC:; Crus, M NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB} ETC., WITH THE ASSISTANCE AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S. W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.0.U GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & Co. 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, E.C M°CORQUODALE & Co. LIMITED, CARDINGTON STREET, EvsTON ; Leeps: BASINGHALL STREET 1893. PARE AGE. THE Editor has again to record his thanks to those who have contributed to the continued success of the Magazine, whether as contributors of articles or notes, or as supporters and readers of the journal. He would venture to suggest that in certain parts of the field which the journal occupies, he would be glad to have more contributions for insertion in the future than ‘The Naturalist’ has been favoured with during the year now drawing to a close. And he might remind all supporters that the complexion which the journal assumes depends far more upon his supporters than upon himself, and that, therefore, should any one desire to see any particular department of natural history or any particular county in the north of England more adequately catered for, the remedy lies to some extent in his own hands. Let such a one forward articles or notes bearing thereupon, and he will find that he will have the ready assistance of the Editor in the matter. | One more request. Short notes of important and interesting occurrences are the life-blood of such journals. Will all readers therefore furnish such brief notices when- ever suitable topics come under their observation ? atk. NA LUKRALLS® For 18993. NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS. ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S. THE geologist whose lot is cast in East Yorkshire has no opportunity of examining igneous and crystalline rocks in place without making somewhat extended excursions. As a compensation for this, however, he has close to hand, in the boulders of the Holderness Boulder-Clays, specimens of many rocks of unique interest easily collected and studied. These are the spoils of the great Norwegian ice-sheet which, during the maximum glaciation of the region, crossed the North Sea, grounded in face of the chalk cliffs of Speeton, invaded the then bay of Holderness, and mingled its burden of foreign material with that brought by native ice from the English uplands. The boulders from Norway may be collected from the clays, especially the Basement-Clay of Dimlington and Bridlington, or from the beach south of Flamborough Head. They have been recorded by the officers of the Geological Survey, by Mr. Lamplugh and the present writer, and by various local workers. Many of them are of such characters as to be distinguished at a glance from all rocks of local origin, or from the igneous rocks transported from Teesdale, the Cheviots, or the Lake district. Two or three leading types are worthy of brief remark. (I.) Augite-Syenttes.—After the close of the Silurian period there were intruded among the Silurian strata of southern Norway a group of crystalline igneous rocks of peculiar types. Chemically they are remarkable for their richness in soda, and the mineralogical and structural characters of some of them distinguish them, in the eyes of the petrologist, from the rocks of all other districts. One marked type, largely developed in the coast-stretch between Christiania and Langesundstjord, is a variety of augite-syenite which Brogger has named /aurvikite, from the town Laurvig. Boulders of this rock are not difficult to find on the Holderness coast. It is rather coarsely crystalline, and presents a handsome appearance on a broken surface from the broad cleavage-faces of the felspars, the lustrous” black augite, and the occasional flakes of dark or golden-brown The felspars are often grey or dark in colour, and some- Jan, 1893. A ¥ Z HARKER: NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS, times show a beautiful iridescence on their planes. ‘This, with the rather coarse texture of the rock and the tendency of the augite to assume a diallagic appearance, points to deep-seated consolidation of the rock-mass from which our boulders are derived. A micro- scopic examination of thin slices of the rock reveals some interesting features, especially the curious intergrowths of different kinds of felspar to form composite crystals. (II.) Rhomb-porphyries.—Another type of rock associated in its crystallised with an unusual habit, such that its outlines, as seen, for instance, upon the smooth surface of a boulder, have often the form ofarhomb. The crystals may be sharp-angled or rather rounded at the edges, and they frequently show irregular patches in their interior of different material, as if affected by corrosive action. They usually have a dark-grey colour. The fine-grained ground-mass in which these crystals are embedded is of a paler grey colour with a violet tone, but, when more weathered, it often assumes a reddish tint. It is chiefly felspathic, but a microscopic examination discovers other minerals, such as augite, apatite, and little flakes of dark mica. (II1.) Saussurite-Gabbros.—These rocks belong to another set of post-Silurian intrusions, found in western Norway and especially in the district around Bergen. They present considerable variations in appearance, fs speaking generally, they are evidently crystalline rocks of moderately fine to rather coarse texture, and in hand- decomposing felspar, never showing the bright cleavage-planes of the minerals in the augite-syenites, es the ponntely granular material rather vaguely denominated ‘saussurite.” By Reusch and other workers in Norway the rocks are conveniently termed saussurite- gabbros: the great alterations they have certainly undergone render their original character a matter of some doubt. The so-called saussurite is an aggregate of albite, epidote, zoisite, actinolite, etc., often requiring very thin slices and high magnifying powers to resolve it ; for the most part it must be formed by the destruction of a ‘necodedelapar The patches of hornblende are no doubt in great measure secondary too, and this is indicated in hand- specimens by their green colour and frequent fibrous structure. Several boulders of saussurite-gabbros have been collected from the beach between Bridlington and Flamborough. Naturalist, HARKER: NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS. 3 (IV.) Granites.—Among the granites we find less strongly distinctive features to warrant identification of the specimens with particular masses in situ; still there can be no doubt that the great majority of the granite boulders in the Holderness clays must be referred to Norwegian sources. The only British granites that we should naturally expect in this connection are those of Shap Fell and of the Cheviots; the former and apparently one variety at least of the latter can be recognised, but the greater number of the specimens belong to types widely different. Many are grey granites with brown mica (biotite) as a characteristic mineral; others, often of greenish grey colour, show both brown and silvery white micas. These rocks are of medium to fine texture. In thin slices they show bending of the micas and felspars and disturbance of the optical properties of the quartz, causing it to give only incomplete extinctions when rotated between crossed Nicol’s prisms. These are well-known effects of the stresses which accompany great crust- movements, and the granites in question doubtless formed part o Norw the gneissic areas of southern and western so find among the de red gra of er grain than the preceding, consisting essentially of flesh-coloured felspar with microscope shows that the felspars ar icrocline and microperthite ; the evidences of violent mechanical disturbance seen in the other granites are here wanting e of rock may be rather later date than the augite-syenites and rhomb-porphyries (V.) Gneisses and crystalline schists—Rocks belonging to these divisions are found among our boulders in great variety, and there can be no doubt as to their Scandinavian origin, but we have not enough information respecting the great development of crystalline rocks in Norway to enable us to refer individual specimens to precise localities. One type well represented is a banded horn- blende-gneiss showing lenticular white and dark streaks about half an inch wide, rich in felspar and in hornblende respectively. The quartz is partly interstitial, partly in rounded grains enclosed by the hornblende. Another type has the dark streaks composed largely of deep brown mica, with some silvery white mica in addition, the flakes set parallel to the general direction of banding. Another rock is richer in felspar and of finer texture, showing a compact white mass enclosing grey quartz-grains and black crystals, about one-fifth of an inch long, of hornblende with parallel arrangement. Still another type is fine-grained and dark, the most conspicuous Jan. 1893. 4 NOTES AND NEWS. element being dark brown mica in little glistening parallel flakes, while a Jens shows black hornblende in addition. orm Te ists and mica-schists are found also of various types, one not uncommon like the grain of wood around knots. A finer-grained type has smaller garnets, and the white mica more prominent relatively to the dark. Other types met with among the Holderness boulders might be referred to, but with less certainty as to the precise locality of their home; such, for instance, as certain quartzites possibly from the quartzite-conglomerates of the Bergen district ; and no doubt many of the remarkable metamorphic rocks there studied by Reusch may have furnished specimens to the ice-sheet which reached our shores. Further examination would be certain also to detect more types from the Christiania district; probably the red quartz-syenite which Brogger has named ‘ nordmarkite,’ which covers a considerable area of ground, and his ‘laurdalite,’ a rock allied to the augite-syenites noticed above, but containing, in addition, the minerals elzolite and sodalite. Indeed an English mineralogist might, perhaps, profitably — among our boulders for examples of the ‘syenite-pegmatite- veins’ in which the geologist just named has found so long a list of rare and remarkable minerals. I have said enough, however, to show that these strangers among our local boulders, although they form but a small percentage of all those embedded in the clays and washed out on to the modern beach, may usefully occupy a collector in the district and afford material for interesting petrological studies, while illustrating one of those links between Yorkshire an Scandinavia of which another writer has spoken in a recent volume of ‘ The Naturalist.’ OR eR Ecos NOTES AND NEWS. Ent pene science has to mourn the decease of one of its most eminen votaries, Mr. 28S Stainton, F.R.S., having succumbed toa long and painful illness on the ase f December. The value of the work which he has accom- qualities | have endeared him to all his contemporaries, as well among those knew him only by his writings as among those who had the pleasure of 1 his ent a $s0 ; t to t it for the ear a satisfaction which will be shared by all who know Mr. Porritt, and the work he has himself achieved in working out the transformations of rare species of Lipids: —W.D.R. Naturalist, 2 BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT IN THE ninstl othe’ OF 1802. JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., Eaton Hall, Retford. IN publishing this notice in ‘The Naturalist’ on the migration of birds in the past autumn in the Humber district, I have again to express my best thanks to those friends and correspondents on each side of the Humber who have sent me their notes and observations. In Yorkshire, I am more particularly indebted to Mr. H. B. Hewetson, of Leeds, and Mr. Philip Loten, of Easington. In Lincolnshire, to Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall; in the latter case the notes sent have a special value as being nearly continuous and the observations of a very keen and competent naturalist, who has at his command every facility for the pursuit of a favourite study. It will be observed that the chief interest of the past season has been in connection with the two ‘great rushes’ of migrants, first on September 2oth and 21st, and again on October 13th to 16th, under exactly the same meteorological conditions ; also in the most unusual number of rare or occasional wanderers which have turned up in the district. So far I have not been able to record either Shore-larks or Lapland Buntings, both of which species appeared on the Norfolk coast after the easterly gale of October 14th, and the latter in extraordinary numbers so as to considerably exceed the total of all the known occurrences hitherto recorded in Great Britain—in fact more than double the record. Pernis apivorus. Honey Buzzard. June 2ist. An immature male was shot at Enholmes Hall, Patrington. The stomach contained remains of thrushes’ eggs, grubs, and beetles. Hirundo rustica. Swallow. July 14th. Wind N., much rain, very cold. Many young which had left the nests at Easington, died of cold and exposure, and some of the old left the neighbourhood. On October 14th, at the same place, I counted fourteen young on a spout which was carried across the gable of a house. Last seen in North Lincolnshire on October 3oth. Numenius phzopus. Whimbrel. August ist. Fairly common on the coast at this date and to the end of September. Squatarola helvetica. Grey Plover. August ist. Three _ young of the year seen by Mr. Haigh at Tetney. Several, both adult and young, on the coast between Kilnsea and Spurn on Jan. 1893. * 6 ~ CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. October 13th; one which I shot when flying from the land to the coast, had as much soil adhering to the forehead and bill as might contain several seeds of plants. Hzmatopus ostralegus. Oyster-catcher. August ist. Large flock near Tetney Haven. September 6th. Flock of forty off Stallingborough fitties, some distance within the Humber. A few at Spurn on October 13th. Tringa canutus. Knot. August 11th. Young buff-breasted Knot in flocks on coast. Birds with the under parts faded to pale-orange, and the shiny black feathers on the upper parts almost white, have been unusually numerous at Spurn. Two also in rich plumage—little faded—were shot near Tetney on September 1st. The flights this autumn have been unusually large. Enormous masses of young Knot were seen on the beach at Sandy Island, Heligoland, on September 4th. Totanus canescens. Greenshank. August t2th. A few on the coast near Tetney. Were fairly common on both sides of the Humber to the end of September. I shot one near Kilnsea on October 13th, but lost it in the sea, and saw a single bird on the fitties near Tetney on November 3rd—a late date. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. August 12th. Some on Lincoln- shire coast. Oct. 12th; of three shot at the Spurn to-day not one was quite in winter plumage. Machetes pugnax. Ruff. August roth. Ruff — Reeve seen by Mr. Haigh on North Cotes shore. One, a young male, shot near Kilnsea, in September. —— atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. August roth. Mr. Haigh saw many young birds on Lincolnshire coast, near North Cotes; some also were seen in the Spurn district. Mr. H. B. Hewetson, in the last fortnight in August, when returning from Sweden to Hull, in s.s. ‘Cameo,’ writes, ‘about mid-ocean two Pied Flycatchers, a young Redstart and Sanderling came on board. There was again a very considerable arrival of the species on the Lincolnshire coast on Sept. 7th, seen by Mr. Haigh, ‘scattered and single all along the sea-bank and adjoining hedges, from North Cotes to Grainthorpe Haven.’ Heligoland. ‘Enormous numbers of Muscicapa luctuosa and Sylvia phenicurus have been visiting the island, beginning with the former as early as August 8th; 18th a perfect rush; 4th Sept., again from noon a great many; wind in the morning light W., changing at 12 p.m. to N. On the a2zst again a rush of above mixed with /rochilus, hortensis, and a sprinkle of rubecula and suecica (H. Gatke) Naturalist, * * CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 7 Saxicola cenanthe. Wheatear. August 14th to end of September; great numbers on passage oe N. to S. along coast at intervals. On Sept. 18th, Mr. H. B. Hewetson, of Leeds, in company with his two sons, qo rved a russet- coloured Wheatear with the sides’ of the head ath throat black, near the chalk embankment at the Spurn; he wrote, ‘I was quite close to it for some time as we walked along, it flew on with a party of Wheatears.’ It may have been an adult male of Saxtcola stapazina or perhaps 5S. deserti; but presuming that Mr. Hewetson’s sketch of the head of this bird, which he sent me shortly after seeing it, is absolutely correct as to the extension of the black to the lower throat, it is suggestive rather of S. melanoleuca (Giild.), the eastern form of the Black-throated Chat. On Oct. 16th, I saw a few Wheatears which had come in with the ‘great rush’ on 14th and r5th, perched on rails and See fine brown birds—near Kilnsea and Easington shore Totanus ee Wood Sandpiper. Sept. 1st. Mr. Haigh reports a bird of the year, shot from a pond in Grainsby Park. Limosa lapponica. Bar-tailed Godwit. Aug. 22nd. A flock was seen by Mr. Haigh on the coast—very considerable numbers on the mud within the Spurn in September. Have been very common in the Humber during the autumn. Tringa minuta. Little Stint. Aug. 19th. A pair seen on the Lincolnshire coast, and after this very numerous both there and at the Spurn, and in the latter locality in flocks of various sizes up to forty together, to the middle of September. On the 16th Mr. Haigh shot one near Saltfleet Haven, and saw another. Tringa subarquata. Curlew Sandpiper. From the middle of August to the middle of September very common on both sides of the Humber. At Spurn several were shot having the underparts more or less a faded red or mottled with dull red, all the most richly-coloured obtained being, as Mr Hewetson informs me, old females. Those obtained on the Lincolnshire coast had buff breasts. Last observed on Lincolnshire coast by Mr. Haigh on October sth. Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit. August 24th. Great numbers on passage. Swarming on Lincolnshire coast. Mareca penelope. Wigeon. August 26th. First Wigeon on coast. October gth. Six young of year on sea-ponds at Easington—four shot. Jan. 1893. 8 CORDEAUX *1RD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. Phylloscopus trochilus. Willow Wren. September 1st. Mr. Haigh reports a considerable movement on the Lincolnshire coast. The last local bird seen by me was on September 25th. On October 14th and 15th, with an easterly gale and continuous rain there was a large immigration on the Holderness coast, the hedges and gardens near Kilnsea swarmed with them. Those I observed were very distinctly brownish on the upper surface, and the eye-streak was not very clearly define Tadorna casarca. Ruddy Sheld-drake. September tst. One, a female, apparently in immature plumage, was shot from a pond on Humberstone ‘ fitties’ by a Cleethorpes gunner, and is recorded by Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh (Zool., 1892, p. 360) in whose collection it now is. Querquedula circia. Garganey. September roth. A young male was shot near Easington. This is the first autumn example I have ever had to record in the Humber district. Puffinus anglorum. Manx Shearwater. One was killed , against the telegraph-wire near Easington in September. Mr. Gatke, writing from Heligoland, says that on October 21st one was obtained there, the first occurrence since fifty years ago, when it was not unfrequent. Motacilla raii. Yellow Wagtail. September 13th. Mr. Haigh observed a great immigration of this species on the Lincolnshire coast, young and old, all day, continuously from east, in flocks of five to fifty. For a detailed account of the migration of M. rait, see Zool., 1892, pp. 389-91. Ruticilla pheenicurus. Redstart. September 21st. Mr. Haigh writes :—‘ We have had the heaviest rush of small insect-eating birds that I have ever seen. On the 2oth the wind shifted to N.E., and in the evening of that day it blew hard and rained in torrents all night. On the 21st I went down to the coast and found all the hedges swarming with Redstarts ; some had got as far inland as Grainsby village (about five miles from coast). Other small birds were Whitethroats, Robins, Pied and Spotted Flycatchers, Wheatears, Hedge Sparrows, and a few Blue Tits. When the hedges were beaten the little birds came out in clouds, the Redstarts more numerous than all the rest put together.’ ‘On the 22nd Redstarts had decreased and Robins increased.’ Between Easington and the Spurn on the 21st and the 22nd, a great many Redstarts. In connection with this immigration of Redstarts and Robins see Mr. J. H. Gurney’s ‘Notes from Norfolk’ (Zool., 1892, p. 401). At Heligoland on Naturalist, ¥ » CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 9 the 21st, a rush of Redstarts, and a sprinkle of Robins and Bluethroats. October roth. Spurn. One young male shot. 15th. One male seen. Mr. Haigh shot one on the roth, thinking it might be 2. zitys. Erithacus rubecula. Robin. September zrst. First immigration as recorded above. Again on October 14th, 15th, and 16th. Easterly gales and heavy rain. An immense arrival in the Spurn district. Thousands came in and the hedges and gardens about Kilnsea and Easington were full of Robins. I counted up to fifty in one part of the warren-house garden in company with Goldcrests and Willow Wrens; many also had dropped in the long sea grass on the sand-hills, and some caution was necessary to avoid stepping on them, so reluctant were they to move. The movement extended also to the Lincolnshire and Norfolk coasts. Heligoland, Mr. Gatke says:—‘We had rubecuda and Regulus on the 11th, rzth, and 13th, the former in great numbers.’ 14th. ‘Only in the morning great rush over the island, but not staying.’ The arrivals on the Holderness coast had all of them very pale-coloured breasts. Accentor modularis. Hedge Sparrow. September 21st. Many n the Lincolnshire coast, first flight. October 14th to 16th. Great numbers at Spurn, Kilnsea, and Easington, with others. Ruticilla suecica. Red-spotted Bluethroat. September 21st. Mr. Haigh writes :—‘On a hedge at North Cotes I saw an immature Bluethroat ; it came out and sat on a twig within three feet of my face. Sihieticindly I got a snap shot at it, but falling, probably only winged, in very thick cover, was not recovered, although I spent most of the afternoon with two men looking for it.’ In the Spurn district one at least was seen ; in Norfolk also‘ a few Bluethroats’ (Zool., 1892,p. 401). Heligoland; September 21st. ‘A sprinkle of rubecuda and suecica.’ Anthus obscurus. Rock Pipit. September 22nd. First noticed on migration on Lincolnshire coast. October 3rd, more. On November 3rd, I saw many between Tetney and Grainthorpe Haven, chiefly confined to the banks of the outfall drains which cross the ‘ fitties.’ Plectrophenax nivalis. Snow Bunting. October grd. First flock seen at Easington. October 13th to 16th. A few adult birds. October 22nd. A large flock came in at North Cotes. Again on October 28th, Mr. Haigh saw large flocks of Snow Bunting coming in from sea on Lincolnshire coast. November zoth. At this date Mr. Hewetson reports ‘there are tens of thousands of Snow Bunting about Kilnsea, I never saw any- Jan. 1893- ize) CORDEAUX : BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. thing at all like it—shore and cliffs and stubbles alive, in flocks like Dunlin or Knot.’ Nov. 29th, Lincolnshire coast, immense immigration, inland to S.S.W., continuously to 3.30 p.m. Anser brachyrhynchus. Pink- footed Goose. Flocks arrived on the coast in the fourth week of September. Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. Sept. 24th. A few early birds in the Spurn district. Oct. 13th to 16th. First flight, night of 14th or on early morning of 15th—of fourteen shot on this day, all of which I examined, seven were presumably young, having the outer web of the first primary brownish and with regular notch-like markings through its length, four had the outer web greyish-white and the notches obliterated ; of the remaining three the markings were of an intermediate character, perhaps birds of the previous year. Presuming that the clear- ness or otherwise of the notches is indicative of youth or age, it would seem that both the old and young migrate at the same date and in the same flight. Asio accipitrinus. Short-eared Owl. Oct. 14th to 16th. A came at the same date as the Woodcock. I have an example shot this year at Spurn on August 6th—a very early date. Falco zsalon. Merlin. Several seen about Kilnsea first fort- night in October. Asio otus. Long-eared Owl. Oct. 15th. One shot on the Phylloscopus superciliosus. Yellow-browed Warbler. r. Haigh has recorded in ‘The Zoologist,’ 1892, ; ce aving shot one from a hedge near the sea-bank at North oe In his letter to me announcing the capture, he says, ‘It is the fattest little bird I ever skinned.’ Regulus cristatus. Gold-crested Wren. Oct. 14th to 16th. Easterly gale, heavy rain, and very thick at sea. An enormous immigration of Goldcrests into the Spurn district, much the largest I have seen or recorded. One on 13th, wind N.; great numbers on 14th, E. gale; but on the 15th they seemed to have increased tenfold, swarming in every part of the district wherever any shelter or cover could be found—hedges and gardens were full—and the tiny birds so tame that they might have readily been taken with a butterfly net. Many were killed by country boys, and the village cats had a grand time of it, so also had the Grey Shrikes. The sallow-thorns covering the sand-hills between Kilnsea and the Point were densely crowded, each little migrant an animated olive leaf with a lady-bird on the stalk. On the Lincolnshire coast, Mr. Haigh says, ‘The rush of Goldcrests Naturalist, CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. II was quite unprecedented in my experience. I did not see one on the 13th, but on the 14th and 15th they swarmed in every hedge in thousands, and were so tame that they could almost be taken by hand. Robins and Hedge Sparrows are also numerous.’ On the Norfolk coast on the 15th, Robins are reported ‘in hundreds,’ ‘Goldcrests in swarms.’ They are also named in Mr. M. Bailey’s Flamborough Bird-notes, Nat. 1892, p. 326, in swarms after the 13th. How much further to the north and also south this remarkable seein extended we have unfortunately no means of know Regulus ignicapillus. cae Wren. October 15th. When watching the Goldcrests passing inland from the coast to-day, I had the good fortune to see for some minutes a fine adult male Fire-crested Wren which came into the hedge under which I was sheltering, and perched on a twig close to my face, _having first made an attempt to alight on the stick of an open umbrella held horizontally across the shoulder. It was a finer example than one I got from Easington in 1889 (Nov. 4th). Amongst the many thousands of Goldcrests this was the only one I came across, although making much careful search. Lanius excubitor and L. major. Great Grey Shrike. October I5th. Mr. R. Hewetson and Mr. Craggs Clubley, of the Warren- house farm, when looking for woodcock saw twenty Grey Shrikes between Kilnsea and Spurn—five or six together, the rest singly. On the morning of the 16th I saw seven or eight between Easington and Kilnsea. One of these I beat from a black-thorn thicket where he was doing his best to circumvent a Goldcrest, the place swarming with them. Another was hovering kestrel- like over a stubble-field, and often changing position from place to place, others on the wing or perched on the highest twigs in hedge-rows, one on the telegraph wire. In the warren-house garden a handsome adult male, with one wing spot, strove hard to catch a Robin, both chaser and chased threading their way through several clumps of broom and gorse; finally the Robin got into an elder bush, and the Shrike just above him ready to seize ; luckily for the intended victim, he managed to drop into a hole in some loose rockwork. The Shrike watched the spot, his head on one side, most intently, like a cat; but after a time gave it up, perching on the handle of a spade, from which point of vantage he speedily pounced on a Goldcrest, seizing it by the nape, and the last I saw of him was trying to fasten it on the spikes of a wire fence. The mob of small birds in this ____ garden, and the Goldcrests in the black-thorn, did not show any Jan, 1893. an. 1893. 12 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. dread of the Shrike, although in their very midst, treating him as a most harmless and privileged guest, and in very singular contrast to the commotion amongst small birds ‘When the falcon’s shadow saileth across the open shaw.’ Here too, in this garden, was a cat, so gorged with small birds as to be incapable of further mischief. Grey Shrikes are heard of none on the Lincolnshire coast. In Norfolk, two were shot near Yarmouth, and others seen about the 16th, as Mr. Gurney informs me. Gallinago celestis. Common Snipe. October r4th to 16th. ‘first flight’ of foreigners, September 20th and 21st. Local birds were shot near Kilnsea as early as third week in August. Gallinago gallinula. Jack Snipe. October 14th to 16th. e same remark will apply, but in less number. First shot by Mr. Haigh on September 24th. Pratincola rubicola. Stonechat. October 13th. A few near irds. Turdus merula. Blackbird. October 15th. E. gale, rain. In very considerable numbers on the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire coast, and not observed before this date in any number. Turdus torquatus. Ring Ouzel. September 21st and 22nd. One picked up killed against telegraph-wire at Easington, several seen there same date. October 15th. E. gale, rain. Many about Kilnsea and Spurn. Lincolnshire coast, pretty common on 14th and r5th. I found none near Kilnsea on 16th, and Mr. Haigh says on the roth ‘all the Ring Ouzels have left.’ They are as a rule very soon off again, rarely remaining longer than a day or two anywhere when on passage. November 7th. At Easington, several seen. Turdus iliacus. Redwing. October 13th. A few in bents and sallow-thorns on Spurn coast, more towards evening. On the 14th and 15th, great flight with others. Turdus musicus. Song Thrush. October roth. I flushed several to-day from swedes when shooting along Dimlington high land and close upon the cliff edge. From their manner they were evidently fresh arrivals in the previous night. Great numbers came in from the 13th to 16th and subsequent days. Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. A few on October 16th, but the multitude after this date, following the gale and not preceding it. October 22nd. First seen on Lincolnshire coast. Naturalist, CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 13 Cypselus apus. Swift. October roth. One seen at dusk near Easington. Corvus cornix. Hooded or Grey Crow. October 3rd. First arrivals on the Lincolnshire coast. The main body did not arrive till the 16th at early morning, when many were seen about Spurn and Kilnsea. These likewise followed the easterly gale and did not precede it. Vanellus vulgaris. Lapwing. September 24th. On Lincoln- shire coast several flights about this date, and on October 4th and 5th. Great numbers also from October 16th to 2oth, the fag-end of the ‘ great rush... On November 3rd, on the coast between Tetney and Grainthorpe Havens I noticed Lapwings in intervals, flying very low and passing inland; the movement ceased at 2 p.m. e wind on the previous night had been east and squally. This day, however, for sunshine and temperature was a midsummer one, and almost too warm to carry winter clothing. There were very few birds to be seen on the coast beyond the noisy Redshank and a few handsome Redwing in the bents. In the afternoon, however, as the tide came in, vast flights of Knot and Dunlin got on the wing and went careering southwards—now invisible, and then instantly passing into clouds of drifting snow-flakes. Through the morning I had marked along the outer rim of the horizon those long white lines suggestive of breakers, but these never changed their outlines, and with the aid of a glass became speedily resolved into thousands of gulls on distant sands. h Iked this coast for nigh forty years now, in all seasons and weathers—other old haunts have changed their character, but this changeth not—it is ever the same, ‘the level waste, the rounding grey’—a dreary interminable expanse mud, shifting sand, and water; a foreground of low sand- hills, barren or clothed with reed-like grasses and prickly sallow- thorn, ‘ fitties, broken by creeks and spread with irregular shallow pools of brackish water fringed by a dense growth of salt-loving plants. * Miles and miles and miles of desolation! Sign or token of some eldest nation Here would make the strange land not so strange. Time forgotten, yea since Time’s creation, m rders where the sea-birds range.’ Tringa alpina. Dunlin. Oct. 13th. One near Kilnsea with black breast. Jan. 1893. . I4 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. Buteo lagopus. Rough-legged Buzzard. Oct. 15th. Two seen on coast near Kilnsea; other buzzards seen about this time but not identified. Alauda epee Sky-Lark. Oct. 13th to 20th. Great immigra Sturnus Saieaie Starling. Oct. 13th to 2oth. The same. Many were killed against the telegraph-wires on Kilnsea Common and towards Spurn. Corvus frugilegus. Rook. Oct. 15th to 19th. Great immigration. Uria troile. Common Guillemot. Oct. 16th. I found one in full winter plumage, and in excellent condition, dead in a lane near Easington. It was a storm-driven bird, and had been brought inland by the easterly gales of the iy day. niceee ispida. Kingfisher. Oct. 2oth. I saw the first on otes Beck. Mr. Haigh aub saw the first he ave seen this season on the Lincolnshire coast. Phylloscopus rufus. Chiffchaff. Oct. 14th. Mr. Haigh shot the only one he has ever seen on migration on the Lincolnshire coast. Garrulus glandarius. Jay. Oct.12th Mr. Haigh, writing from Grainsby Hall, says: ‘We had very large numbers here on the 12th and again on the 15th.’ None have been observed at Heligoland. Sylvia nisoria. Barred Warbler. Oct. 19th. One, a bird of the year, was shot by Mr. J. W. Jalland, of Hull, at Easington at this date, thinking it might be a Bluethroat. . This is the second example recorded from that locality. It was exhibited by Professor Newton at the meeting of the Zoological Society in London on November 1st, and subsequently acquired by Mr. W. Eagle Clarke for the Science and Art Museum, Edinburgh. Columba palumbus. Wood Pigeon. Oct. 23rd. Migratory flock seen at Grainsby. Fringilla montifringilla) Brambling. Oct. 30th. Two flocks of these handsome finches were seen near Easington by Mr. Jalland. Also a few Shore-larks. Coturnix communis. Quail. Nov. 3rd. One was shot near Easington, and another near Hornsea, in the third week in September. ; fowember 22nd, 1892. Naturalist, BRITISH FUNGUS FLORA. yeoomes iy Flora: A Classified Text-book of Mycology. By MassEE. In three volumes. Vol. I. Price 7s. 6d. Geo. Bell mya aa London, 1892. The student of British Mycology is ready to admit that for many years he has had to labour under difficulties, owing chiefly to the fact that no text-book was available on the subject containing descriptions of the British species. After a mycological excursion, he considered himself lucky should he succeed in determining one-half of the species collected. The doubtfuls, as a rule, were pitched into the dust-bin, a ready method of settling them, and there can be no question that many good species—and probably new ones—have often found their way into that useful receptacle. » It is more than twenty years since Dr. Cooke published the ‘Handbook of British Fungi,’ a work which has served its purpose admir ably and to which most British mycologists of to-day are But since the publication of the Handbook, mycology has advanced by leaps and bounds in every direction, and the number of British species has almost doubled. So that there is not much cause to awe ae an up-to-date edition has often been devoutly wished for. where was the person competent to bring out a work dealing an something like five thousand species? And when Stephenson’s ‘ Hymenomycetes 5 Brtaaniel (1886), Phillips’ eemne Discomycetes’ (1887), Plowright’s ‘British Uredinez and Ustilagine (1889), and other monographs made their appearance, it was

said he, e lark aap O pak in the ight “ your “ios eyes Elaine, in another part oy or idyll is likened to ittle helpless, innocent bird, Will sing the simple passage o’er _ o’er eu =e an te a age till the Either the fie. anand or yellow bunting might be the bird referred to. hem, when the short life of the ‘lily maid of Astolat’ is nearing its close Death, like a friend’s ieee from a distant field Approaching thro ors darkness called ; the owls Wailing had pow: We have in the ‘Last Ben oes a spirited passage, introducing with noteworthy accuracy two well-known birds. Tristram, addressing Isolt, is made to say: Worldling of the world am I, and k The a. that ei ig ere his veal Woos his o wen we are not — here, Nor shall be: vows—I am woodman of the woods, And heen the ae ase i Mapate® Mock them Most lovers of wild birds are fond of the lintwhite or linnet, and the late Laureate seems to have been no exception. The few quotations here culled from his works may fitly conclude, as they began, with a mention of that charming little bird. The lines are from the novice’s conversation with the Queen in ‘Guinevere’: * Green woodpecker. Feb. 1893. 48 TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. Himself beheld three spirits mad with joy Come dashing down on a tall wayside flower That shook beneath them, as the thistle shakes When three gray linnets wrangle for the seed. The passages given above were nearly all found marked in a then complete edition of Tennyson’s works published in 1878; within the last few years a small volume has been published, ending with the now familiar ‘Crossing the Bar. This contains the ‘ Progress of Spring,’ which is, as might be expected, rich in allusions to summer birds Up ae the lark, gone wild to we come her, gia While ro’ TOWS a W nd culver* flits, Watching her large light eyes and gracious looks, And in h hale Patient—the secret splendour of the brooks. * x * * * * Now past her feet the swallow circling flies. re clamorous eet — s to meet ra hand. * The idee woe and ie turtle purrs, The starling claps his tiny castanets. It must not be thought that the quotations here given contain all the allusions to our British birds in the Laureate’s works Tennyson at hand for reference, and the reading of the latest poems, published during the last ten days, is to him a pleasure to come. It may safely be said that any one who chooses to explore the rich literary mine which the late Laureate has left open for his country- men will find many others for himself; but possibly some of those given above may be new to many readers of the ‘ Naturalist,’ and interesting, since every one of the birds mentioned (with the possible exception of the ptarmigan) has been met with in one or other of the counties enumerated on the cover of this journal, and the majority of them breed annually in the North of England. Nor does it come within the aim of this paper to speak in laudatory terms of the great poet’s life and work; that has been done already in pulpit and press by some of the ablest tongues and readiest pens in the land, and will be done again and again ‘far on in summers that we shall not see.’ But should it be the means of leading even one reader to peruse his Tennyson with fresh or renewed interest, it will not have been written, or, perhaps it should be said, compiled, in vain. All Hallowstide, 1892. * Wood Pigeon. Naturalist, Bn Wemoriam. T. J. MOORE. THE death of Mr. Thomas John Moore, C.M.Z.S., A.L.S., curator of the Liverpool Museum, which occurred the last day of October, takes from amongst us one of the kindliest and most genial of men and a most devoted public servant. pare For more than 4o years Mr. Moore spared himself neither time nor labour in building up and utilising for the instruction of the public and the advancement of science the magnificent collections that have placed the Liverpool Museum in the front rank of provincial museums. Other museums there are of older date, but in Feb. 1893. » 50 IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. their now recognised position as free places of interest and instruc- tion for the public the Liverpool Museum has practically been the pioneer of museums in the provinces, and from its very inception r. Moore has been the curator of it. The great care and knowledge displayed in its arrangement, and the foresight, skill, and inventive faculty manifested in the cases and fittings are the best testimony to the unwearied energy and marvellous ability of its curator. In speaking of himself, Mr. Moore said :—‘ My life has been a specially quiet, simple, and uneventful one. I have served but three masters—the Zoological Society of London ; Edward, thirteenth Earl of Derby, at Know es ; and the Corporation of Liverpool, and this in unbroken sequenc Mr. Moore was idee in London, in 1824. His father was a Norfolk man, and soon after his marriage obtained an appointment on the staff of the Zoological Society. Here from his early childhood his son became a careful observer of animals, living and dead, and acquired that love for the study of Natural History that remained with him and increased with increasing years, Here, too, in his youth, he made the acquaintance of Gould—who was curator to the Zoological Society—,Waterhouse, Martin, and other naturalists of repute who were then on the staff. In 1843 he received and accepted the offer of an appointment, under Lord Derby, as assistant to Mr. Thomson, Superintendent of the menagerie and aviary of that nobleman at Knowsley, where Lord Derby had devoted a hundred acres of land and as many of water to the well-being and comfort of the magnificent collection of mammals and birds that he had got together from all parts of the world, besides a well-stocked museum of stuffed and mounted specimens inside Knowsley Hall. For eight years Mr. Moore remained at Knowsley, surrounded by unrivalled opportunities for the study of Natura! History, and that he availed himself fully of these opportunities the Liverpool Museum sufficiently shows. ‘The advantage of being thus placed, where a careful study of the living forms and habits of animals could be made, is well seen in the life-like attitudes of form and grouping which so pre-eminently characterise the stuffed specimens in the Liverpool Museum. n the death of the Earl of Derby, in 1851, his collection of stuffed specimens and skins was offered to the Corporation of Liverpool on condition of its being maintained for public use. The offer was accepted, and an Act of Parliament obtained author- ising the establishment of a Museum and Library in Liverpool. The Museum was first opened in Duke Street, Mr. Moore being appointed Curator, and under his superintendence the Derby Naturalist, IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. 51 Collection, ae numbered over 18,000 birds, 1,200 mammals, and 300 reptile fish, the greater part of which were stuffed, were removed has ‘pavasles to their new quarters in Liverpool to be freely available evermore for the use and instruction of the public. The work of arranging and labelling a collection of this magnitude was sufficient, one would have thought, to satisfy for a long time the desires of the most energetic, but Mr. Moore never wearied in his endeavours to form a museum illustrative of the entire animal kingdom and commensurate with the high position in wealth, intelligence, and population of the town of Liverpool. The result was that in a few years the collections had so grown as to require greatly increased accommodation, and this was found for them by the late Sir William Brown, of Liverpool, who, in 1860, erected at his sole cost, the Library and Museum building which stands on a site of the globe. The history and development of the Liverpool Museum is practically the history of the life and work of Mr. Moore, for never had any institution a more zealous and enthusiastic worker at its head, nor one whose manner was more likely to gain friends and helpers to its cause. Mr. Moore fully recognised how greatly the museum would be benefited if the large mercantile marine of the port could be sufficiently interested in its work to avail themselves of the splendid opportunities they had of collecting marine Specimens on their varied and extended voyages. He quickly imparted some of his own zeal to the captains of merchant ships, and he published for their use a pamphlet of suggestions pointing out how best to obtain and preserve marine animals, both living and dead, also providing dredges, nets, and preservatives, for use on board ship. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool furthered his efforts by conferring the keenly appreciated honour of associate member on those captains who carried out the suggestions and made collections for the museum. This produced a commend- able spirit of rivalry, which resulted in great advantage to the museum and a considerable addition to its collections. jongst the methods used for importing living fish was a glass vessel, which obtained the name of the ‘Mortimer Fish Globe,’ on account of its very successful use by Captain Mortimer in the first instance, and atterwards by other captains in bringing living fish from various reign places, and this globe i likely to become historical from the later important use to which it has been applied. It consists of a round globe with a wide opening at the top, the base resting on a circular piece of wood, from which a number of cords upwards and were joined together on a ring above the mouth of the Feb. 1893. 3 3 52 IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. jar. The jar could be hung up by this ring so as to swing freely with the motions of the ship without any friction, and its contents could always be under observation, thus making it a source of interest and attraction to the captain and others on board. There was much less likelihood of the contents being thrown out than would have been the case if it had rested solidly on the ship, and doubtless the motion of the water was better suited to the well-being of the fish than if it had been still. At any rate experience has proved that up to the present this has been the most successful means of transport- ing living fish on long voyages, and Mr. Moore by its means was enabled to accomplish the task, previously attempted in vain, of sending living soles to America for the purpose of acclimatising them to American seas. Dr. Spencer Baird, who was very desirous of introducing some of our British food fishes into American waters, had sent a special commissioner to England to carry out this object, and 700 soles were sent in tubs, but only three arrived alive in America, and after other efforts had been made and had failed, Mr. Moore was appealed to. He sent a number of the Mortimer Fish Globes each containing four soles, and with scarcely a fatality in the whole series the soles arrived alive and well in America, these being the first that survived the transatlantic voyage. Mr. Moore also tried to acclimatise the American Clam (Venus mercenaria), to our coasts, and laid down a number of living specimens in the Mersey, but not with any decided success. But not only was he successful in enlisting the services of sea captains for the museum, but many travellers and sportsmen under- took, at his request, to obtain specimens for the museum, and many rarities were added in this way. One of these deserves special mention, on; .Account of its striking appearance and gr eat rarity in on as Literary and Philosophical. ery and published in their proceedings. my good fortune to be associated with Mr. Moore, as principal assistant in the museum, for seven years, and I have always retained for him feelings of sincere regard and _ affection. His kindness of heart and intensely sympathetic nature, together with his ever ready help in promoting the comfort and welfare of those associated with him, endeared him to all the staff, all of whom felt it a pleasure to carry out his wishes. Mr. Moore was a man of untiring energy, and he would continue at any work he had in hand without any regard, for the time being, to the desirable calls for Naturalist, IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE, 53 bodily sustenance, and I have repeatedly been with him working in the museum until the small hours of the morning. This, no doubt, had its effect on his health in due course, or we should not have lost, before even he had reached the years of threescore and ten, a man of his vigorous constitution. He had a wide and deep general knowledge of the animal kingdom, but was in no sense a specialist, though probably as a result of his training and vocation he was more intimately acquainted with the mammalia than any other class of animals. With a museum covering such a wide range as the Liverpool Museum it would have been thought that specially trained assistants were necessary, but this he never had, preferring rather to take youths into his service to learn their work with In one respect, however, most valuable aid was given him aid help that he was always most anxious should be fully recognised. This was by the Rev. H. H. Higgins, M.A., who for more than thirty years has given his spare time and labour ungrudgingly, and one might almost say lovingly, to the work of arranging, illustrating and describing the series of invertebrates which fill the twenty table cases that occupy the floors of the upper rooms of the museum, besides in many other ways interesting himself in the welfare of the museum. Mr. Moore was always ready to assist in any and every way students and scientists who wished to make use of the Liverpool Museum, but he had not, unfortunately, the pen of a ready writer, so that his contributions to literature are but scanty. But many notes of high scientific value were contributed by him to the Literary and Philosophical Society’s Proceedings and other local publications. In one of these, on the Rocky Mountain Goat, I have already referred, and next in importance to this was a paper on Hybrids among Pheasants, also published in the Literary and Philosophical Society’s Proceedings. He was for some time President of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee, and published in their Report for 1889 an account of the Seals and Whales of the Liverpool District. In the earlier days of the museum the naturalists of Liverpool published a Naturalists’ Scrap Book, to which Mr. Moore was a frequent contributor, and recorded the occurrence of several species new to the district, including vis); Opah or King Fish npg guttatus) ; Short Sun Fish ene aie las. Angel Fish (Sguatina angelus); Zledone cirrhosus; Portunus arcuatus ; Argulus foliaceus; Pherusa mullert, and seta others. His name has been given to two species, Delphinus moorit, described and —- by Dr. J. E. Gray in Veh. sins. 1893. 54 NOTES AND NEWS. the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1865, p. 736; and rubabaincady. moorit, described by Dr. A. Giinther in ‘ Catalogue of Fishes,’ vol. . 53. He was for many years a Corresponding ember of - Zoological Society, and quite recently was elected an Associate of the Linnean Society. I cannot do better than close this notice by an extract from a short reminiscence of himself that appeared in a Liverpool paper about two years ago, which gives us not only a good insight into his character, but also shows that when he did write he could do so with a good deal of literary skill and charming felicity of expression. ‘It will thus be seen that my life has been, as I said at the outset, a quiet and uneventful but busy one. [t has also been a happy one. I have been happy in my work, lessened only by my inability to accomplish more ; happy in my business associates, and with friends of kindred tastes ; very happy when seals or whales have ventured sufficiently near to Liverpool to allow of my making their personal acquaintance, as I have done with some half score of them. Happier still when once ona time I was called from my mid-day chop to inspect a collection of Dodo bones, which I bagged for the museum before I finished that chop, and sorted and matched and named before I supped at two in the morning. Happiest of all when Sir J. Pope Hennessy, in March 1879, exhibited to me and a select circle of friends at the museum a living baby hippopotamus from Liberia, the first of its kind—living or dead—ever brought to ngs ope, and which sat for his photograph with all gravity (see the “‘ Graphic” of that year). I am undecided in my mind, however, whether that happiness was not equalled, or even excelled, in June 1876, on supping at Eberle’s Hotel with Pongo, the gorilla, and his friends and importers, eminent German men of science from the Gaboon on their way to Berlin, and who had previously given me an interview with him as recorded in the “Times,” and who were good enough to bring him to the museum to see his splendid stuffed relation, then recently presented to us by Mr. Henry Duckworth, of this city. That was a day !’—E. Howartu. NOTES AND NEWS. We have rk ate from the author (Rev. W. H. Painter) a ‘carefully compiled oO e account y of Biddulph and the Neighbou uring Parts of North Staffordshire.’ is a reprint from the ‘ Midlan ralist,’ and deals with three districts: the Valley of Biddulph, the Valley of the Trent, and the Rudyerd nu nts mentioned is ‘on and a curious and interesting feature of the ¥ is a list of several co nm plants which the author Rd not yet . in this ee of the county, wees which he believes to have be extinct. Un this category come such common plants as Zrophila 10 aie “Silene baa, Potentilla anserina, Epilobium palustre, etc. Naturalist, NEW BRITISH WORMS. Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S I RECENTLY received a consignment of earth-worms from the neighbourhood of Bangor, which contained, in addition to some species new to Wales, one which is new to Britain, and probably to science also. I have named it AMurus tetragonurus, and my reason May at once be assigned. In 1874 Dr. Gustaf Eisen published in the Ofversigt af Kongl. panties No. 2, a paper on New W England and Canadian which he described, among Others, a tiny species from Siac “which he regarded as the type a new genus. The us he named TZefragonurus or the gen quadrangular-tailed, and supplied the following diagnosis :— ‘Body cylindrical in front, quadrangular behind. Male pores on segment 11 bs the r2th segment according to our method of reckoning]; sete in oa as pairs. Lip or prostomium not dividing the first ring or peristomium. It comes nearest to the genus Allurus, from which, however, it is ee by the position of the male pore, which in A//urus is on segment 12 [= 13 in English], but in Zétragonurus on 11 [= 12], as wen as by the lip failing to cut into the buccal segment or peristomium.’ Eisen next supplies the specific jeaee of Zetragonurus pupa. ‘Lip or prostomium small, acuminate in front, pallid, not dividing the peristomium. Male pores small, but conspicuous. The girdle Prominent, usually composed of five segments, viz., 17-21 [= 18-22]. Tubercula pubertatis conspicuous, three on each sidé of the girdle, occupying the 18th, roth, and zoth segments [= 19, 20, 21]. About 40 segments in all; length about 25 mm.’ Some Swedish comments are added, from which, in addition to the foregoing facts, we learn that there are only ten segments between the male pore and the first body segment ; the tubercula are in the form of a wart- like prominence or keel, extending over three segments ; the girdle is well-marked and easily distinguished from the adjoining portions, and stretches over five segments, one of which is before and the other behind the segments bearing the tubercula; the colour is sienna brown, becoming light red on the back part. The worm closely resembles A/urus, to which it approaches more nearly than to any other, if one has regard to the living form ; while it also sate similar habitats, namely, such places as lie near to water Feb, 1893. 56 FRIEND: NEW BRITISH WORMS. Eisen supplied an illustration with his diagnosis, but thus far I have found no one who has discovered the worm elsewhere. Early this year I took a form in the South of England which I thought would prove identical therewith, but some leeches devoured all my specimens on the journey to the north. I have now to describe the worm from Bangor, which very nearly resembles Eisen’s species in some respects, though it is abundantly distinct therefrom in others. For the specimen I am indebted to Rev. Mr. Shankland, of Rhyl. Allurus tetragonurus Friend, is one and half inches in length, some- what cylindrical before, quadrangular behind and tapering from the girdle towards each extremity, so that the hinder part of the tail is only half the diameter of the girdle. ‘The girdle is very prominent, of a yellowish orange colour and closely fused, so that the segments are made out with difficulty. The fore part of the body is sienna brown, the hinder part a dull yellow-brown, closely resembling the light variety of Ad/urus (A. luteus Eisen, not A. flavus Friend). Total number of segments, about 85. e head is very small and to genera, but the attachment of the head or prostomium to the first segment is so variable that it cannot be relied upon. I have shown this in connection with a small Dendrobzene which was formerly called Lumbricus eiseni Levinsen, but which at present stands closely related to the tree-worms. he question now remains—Did Eisen make a mistake about the position of the male pore? I dare not insinuate such an idea, because with the exception of Rosa we have no foreign authority who can compare with him in accuracy of observation. For the present, therefore, we must assume that we have two worms which are practically identical in every respect (length or number of segments being no criterion) except in the position of the male pore, which in our British species is on the 13th segment and so ranks it with A//urus, but in America is on the 12th and so constitutes a new genus named TZefragonurus. If this is a fact, it must have a meaning, and it will be interesting to observe how future research will enable us to decide the question. Meanwhile it is very pleasant to be able to add a new species to our indigenous list, if not to the I append will show at a glance the differences and _ similarities existing between them. No. 1 represents pts pupa Eisen ; No. 2 stands for A/lurus tetragonurus Frien Naturalist, NOTES—MAMMALIA AND ORNITHOLOGY. 57 | Segments occupied by ‘ Total | No. — eae ? , “| Segments. | Length. Colour, Girdle. | . Tubercula, | Male wibsied a Sa | I 18-22 19-21 | 12 40 25 mm. Brown. H | \ 2 18-22 19-21 13 85 | 30mm. Brown. ] | A batch of worms sent me by Mr. Trumbull, L.R.C.S., from Malahide, Dublin, in November contained a worm which I took at first to be the same as the foregoing. I now find it to be a new species of A//urus, possessed of a very long tail. I have named it A. macrurus, and am giving a description in a forthcoming issue of the ‘Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy.’ A new form of tree-worm from the same locality. must at present be referred to the Celtic worm, Al/lolobophora celtica Rosa, var. rosea Friend. For fuller details the reader is referred to this month’s ‘ Essex Naturalist.’ NOTE—MAMMALIA. t the Mouth of the piesa cap uch nis to record, at a time when cine of our most jr aigh ve popul in x d feather are verging on extinction, that a fine dog Otter (Letra pose speigh ng 21 lbs., was shot at daybreak on Dec. oth eds running in the long grass at git e baby nie ei ee sea. It had ° the ret its fate immediately on landing.—JoHN CORDEAUX, False, Hall, Retford, 1892. NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY.. Manx Shearwater at Sykehouse near i —A few days since a fine specimen of the pany Sheacw ater (Pz ea anglorum) was picked up exhausted, oe alive, by Mr. James Sewell at Syke se, and is now in the possession of Mr. James Peel, taxidermist, Fale "Halifax. —cC. C. Hanson, Greetland, Noy. roth, 1892. Flamborough Bird-Notes.—A change in the weather would be a grand thing for the birds. is poor things are having a severe time of it ig ‘ecnend owing to the continual hard frost and the many northerly storms whic u Feb, 1893. 58 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES, NOTE—FUNGI. Castle Ho mare hire A Correction.—In the list of Fungi collected at a Castle Howard and Malton aca guliiabed in ‘ Naturalist,’ Dec. 1892 Sporo olin Pe des chrét., is entered for Castle Ho ward ; a Sporn aichot Corda, for Welham Park. These two names are nonyms, and were entered by an oversight.—CHAs. CROsSLAND, Halifax, Sak 17th, 1892. sieeamese tes : ed occurrence of /nula Peribienetrs in salie n siahbmidiond 1 of Dalton.in-F umess, no one h : when the side of an occupation road, in a hollow caused by rem g gravel for the purpose of repairing the road. ET. BaLpwin, 88, St. Sane Street, 3. Wi NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. supposed Scarborough specimens of Liparis monacha, ee The It is unfortunate that the record of the melanic and seer apeeeeet of Lipar. monacha, exhibited by Mr. J. A. Clark at the meeting of t c Entomological Society of London on November 2nd last, has this month oii d its way in ‘Th he time Mr. 24). t l r din ng specimens, he was under the se ee that their parents had bee capedied : a Scarborough, and in ice! belief, a full page plate of the varieties, accompa nied by an explanatory = per by Mr. Clark, eet in the ‘Entomologist’s Record’ of October 15th last. On fee ing the plate and paper, knowing that Z. monacha was not known to occur at Stirit st at ‘all, Iw once kavinced that a serious mistake had occurred somehow, as the br dbeth specimens represented the well-known Continental vaiiaty preteite of the species, I had a strong pase on cy to what was the real origin of the specimens. Accordin ngly I wrote ‘tom Lil pan = ntree, of Scarborough, telling him my suspicion, and requ sits him to kindly investigate the matter. This he very promptly did, - result i I had proving exactly as ad anticipated, that the melanism was not only not Yorkshire, but not even British. On acquainting Mr. Clark with the result of our investigations, he p the matter to i i acc ; aving satisfied himself he had been totally misled, published an explanat No er number of ? 2 which was followed in the December num note from eac lers rough whom the specimens had been procured, both of the Sates that the eggs which had produced the moths had been obtained from s between an i h rdinary specimen taken in the New Forest and a Coubliientht: ‘cxalipit of the i pe rom bs of th , one would suppose that ey beautiful pecimen of ca lubricipeda va Fades ata, exhibited on behalf of Mr. John era of Barnsley, were Vorcchire specimens, Shenk Me: Pistiis obtained their esti from Lincolnshire. markable melanic varieties of eat ced répandata from Sheffield, cuties ¢ on behalf of Mr. A. E. Hall at the December meeting (Nat., p. 24), were the same form which I took at Huddersfield in 1887, and the form I exhibited at the gh of the Entomological Society of London in February 1889 (Nat., 1889, p. 100). It is interesting to find this grand vari ‘ Sheies d, an ae no doxbt when looked for it will turn up in other of the est Rid d probably in similar localities in Lancashire. —Gro., T. PorrITT, Hoaiennad. ae 2nd, 1893. Naturalist, 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. MAMMALIA, 1889-1891. THE present instalment of Bibliography has been compiled and edited by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. Previous instalments of the Bibliography of this group of animals have appeared as follows :— For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,” February, 1885, pp. 152-156. 5 yi 1: KSBS, “ August, 1886, pp. 239-241. », 1886-7, ia April, 1889, pp. 115-127. apis BOOS, August, 1891, pp. 253-259. The intent of these pibbdgriphient citations is to give a complete series of references to books, papers, and records which have been printed or published with regard to the ten northern English counties and the Isle of Man, and to indicate the gist of the contents of each in as concise a form as may be consistent with making these papers of interest and of value to persons engaged in geographical natural history work. In the case of long lists or papers, the very briefest indications only are given, reference to the original work or paper being necessary. In the case of short records, however, the convenience of the user of the bibliography necessitates the giving of fuller detail and the name of every species included, or even by giving the whole substance (destitute of verbiage) to obviate the necessity of further reference. No apology need be given for giving matter of this kind in ‘ The Naturalist’ ; it may not be of interest to casual readers, but to actual workers it will be of decided use. ANON, [not signed]. Lin Capture of a Whal le [20 feet long, on foreshore at Bennington near Bos ‘a few days ago’; species not named]. Land & Water, Aug. 4th, 1888, ae ANon. [not signed]. York N.E e Markham Tweddell [with footnote that in 1535 a ‘sea-man’ (Geobabiy a crane ay witulina) was captured at skinningrove, and ke m eeks on raw fish, but a to the sea ; and it is added that visitors to Hull ge House Museum will remember Page Sor ‘Dale of another ‘sea-man’]. Yorksh. Gonenican; Part 14, Jan Vol, 2 2: Anon. [signed ‘ - erer ’]. Furness, berland Mustela eater’ in the Lake District [a fine female trapped at Seathwaite agent o Coniston Old eras the species described as now te em rare, b shea occasionally about Dow Crags and nr ith Tarn, and also in the Seafell district]. Field, Pret 23rd, 1889, p. 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. Anon. [not inc ed]. Notts. White Hares [Zepus europeus] in Notts [repeating records oe three instances from the Zoologistl. Land and Water, Ap. 6th, 1889, p ANoN. [signed ‘ Boss s ’]. Otter Hunting in Wensleydale cing Lutra near Cover Bridge, near Middleham, and rf Burton Beck}. Field, June 1st, 1889, p. 777. ANoN. [signed ‘ Stormer’]. Cumberland, Furness, gt te The Kendal pcimend Hounds [killing examples of Zura at Grimeshill, Lune, in Coniston Lake, and in River Irt at Holmrook]. Field, tone bn 1889, p ANON. ek ‘eae mn "}. Northumberland S. Otter Hunting in the Tyne [at Riding Mill, and Harbottle Island]. Field, June 15th, 1889, p. 847. Anon. [signed ‘ Ragman ’]. Furness, Cumberland. The Kendal Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Letra lutra at ipa ote -in-Furness, Eskdale, and Copplehow Moss]. Field, June 15th, 1889, p. 846. ANON. [signed ‘ The Border Tyke’]. Cumberland. The Carlisle Otter Hounds ised are near Wetheral, Armathwaite, etc. ]. Field, July 20th, 1889, p [At Wreay on the Petteril]. Field, Aug. 17th, 1889, p. 240. Font the sk at Longtown]. Field, May 23rd, 1891, p. 770. geen eres ed]. fees + are lutra| on the Welland [one weighing 21 lbs. shot oan ive ng St. James, and five seen at Uffington Springs]. Land and Water, Sept. 14th, "1889, p 339. ANON. [not signed]. Ancient Red-deer [Cervus e/aphus] Horns [found in the bed of the Irwell during the Manchester Ship Canal excavation]. Land and Water, Oct. 26th, 188 44. Anon. [signed ‘ Ed.’]. York N.E. Large Rats [(4/us decumanus) ; one weighing 28 lbs., and 23 inches long, caught Aug. 1881, at Geo. Edson’s, Malton]. Field, Dec. 28th, 1889, p. 906. Anon. [not ne sie N.W., sa cociauk Ss. List of Donations to the seum [at che heap ok fro m Aug. To h, 1888 "0 ily Ist, eT [Scinras vulgaris from Cotherstone ; skeleton of ne with abnormal teeth, Carr’s Hil, Whitfield: and large do. from Caller Soa te Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and New. vol. 10, part 4 ia B p32: Anon. [signed ‘ Secretar Lance. S. Penketh Field Club [ Mausteie erminea, M. vulgaris, Mus “gbreoniias on a keeper’s gibbet near Bold Park]. N.H.J., March 15th, 1890, x: a Anon. [not signed]. KS.E. Ancient Relics: British and man [at Skipsea, in the ae where remains of Red and Fallow Deer (Cer rous elaphus and C. dama) are found ; see Poulson]. Yorksh. Notes and Queries, part dey April 1890, p. 270. Anon. [not pare Isle of Man. Observations [in the Isle of Man; Common Bat (? Vesperugo fpnirdn) a, Feb. 17th ; Manx close season for Hares Sewer timidus) begins Ist].. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, April 1890, p ANON. oe sere. k S.W. ical Notes from Wakefield Manor Rolls [Ric ate pion ned for taking a Step (¢ (Cervus a. in e Salemealls 1274]. Yorksh. Notes and Queries, Part 19, April 1890, p Naturaiaé BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 61 Anon. [signed ‘ R.T. (Edlingham, Alnwick, Northumberland) ’]. Cheviotland. caer Moles [( 7a/fa europea) trapped on wm gt Farm near Alnwick, ast year, four this]. Field, April 5th, 1890, p. 500 ANON. ve ed. “CoP, Notts. re AS ed -Catching [at Oxton ; account of dexterous capture of mber]. Field, April 5th, 1890, p. 504. sox sat * Dyer’]. York N.E. r C. Legard’s Otter Hounds [accounting for several Zura in the Derwent ‘at Forge Valley]. Field, May 1oth, 1890, p. 665. ANon. [Newspaper paragraph]. Cu sine ca The West Cumberland Otter Hounds [in the ireainr district; Lutra the River Calder]. Field, May 24th, na p- 746. [At Maryport sr Arkleby]. Field, May 31st, — p- 810 ANON. [signed ‘Th’ Little yank Cha Cumberland. ndal (Mr. Tattersall’s) Otter Hounds ve ? acta Cumberland ; sport with Letra huis Field, May 31st, 1890, p ANon, [signed ‘Th’ Little Owd Chap’]. Lanc. W., "Lan. wid York Mid W. Mr. Tattersall’s (The Kendal) Otter Ho ands [at on near Lancaster ; a dog otter Soe Zutra) 17 \bs. killed]. Field, july pout 1890, p. 146. Mo: the Ribble and Hodder at Brungerley an nd Consase jo aa 3 bad eather ; Bes ne een Field, Aug. 30th, p- 357- [At Mytton Bri idg Wha sili pee up the Hodder to Whitewell; "at 5 lbs. Zutra killed]. Field, Saptetaber 20th, ANon. [signed ‘ Ardaros’]. York N.W. Mr. Wilkinson’s Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zw/ra in Wensleydale ; sport ot coe ape Abbey, Bolton Woods, and in Burton Beck]. Field, June 7th, p- 850. sgt Teese ERB) Cum Cat suckling Lev nee [= young Lepus europeus, at Egremont, Cumberland]. Field, June 7th, ee . 852. ANON, [signed ‘ Viator’]. York N.E. and S.E. ir Charles aeereS Otter Hounds [and their success after /wfra in tne yo and Derwent; a kill near Howe Bridge]. Field, June 14th, 1890, p. 874. [Afr Lanta on tthe Costa at Howe Bridge, near Pocklington, and on the Rye and Derwent]. Field, May bee 1891, p. 770. Anon. [signed ‘A. ‘} York Mid W. Otter Hun’ unting in the Wharfe [near ayy tess Bridge; a 224 lb. dog Otter eats — killed 26th June, by Col. Dawson's new pac ck, the Weston Field, July 5th, 1890, p - reas Pek ‘Ellen’ and ‘E.H.B.’ Cum ores The West Cumberland Otte : Hounds {at Bridgefoot, Rivers Mor Dilean , Cockbridge on the Ellen: good sport; two notes]. Field, pat re, pe Mid W. ANon. bas cAiadic! - ig Sehr: ’s (Weston) Otter Hounds [at Eastburn Beck and Lothers eck, at Carr Head and Malsis; us sport after Late Field, peed pa 1890, p. 357- Anon. [signed ‘Tyke’]. York S.E. ir Charles Legs s Otter Hounds [at Thicket Priory and on the eee. and Pockineite Canal; female Lutra killed]. Field, Sep. 1 3th, 1890, p. 426. Anon. [signed ‘ Old Madge’]. Cum ee est Cumberland Otter Hounds iat. ae and Arkleby ; good sport with Zutra]. Field, Sep. 20th, 1890, p Feb. 1893 62 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. Mammal observed at an] Excursion to the Mull Hills aes ~ Man, 24th May, rts an ie a europeus|. Back Trans. I. of Man N.H.S., i. 117; publ. with Yn. Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890 Anon. [signed ‘F. R.’]. Isle of Man. ight between Magpie and Rat [(J/«s decumanus) in a corn-field near gene Isle of Man}. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890, i. 204. ANON. ae AH *Ed.') Nort. Large vray Hare [editorial comment that the See hare (Zepus ge bit iat whi h they have record, is one of 134 lb., killed by K. Henderson, at Longwitton, gore berland]. Field, Feb. 14th, 1891, z 21k; ANON. win? North ena ‘} ? Derbyshire. White and Pied Stoa’ psthccpssy esa upwards of a dozen have been seen Baise killed by keepers about ‘ The Peak’ during the past severe winter, than arthow althoug ave or six are killed every winter]. Field, put 11th, 1891, 38. ‘ ANON. Ng ae FO. ti Lanc. W., Furness. Mr. R. Carnaby Forster’s Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zufra at Halton- on- Lune, oe Bridge, Underley, Winderaiee etc.]. Field, July 4th, 1891, a “ignat U.| Cumberland. Cumberland Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zutra at Maryport, the Ellen, Keswick, Cockermouth, Braithwaite, etc.]. Field, July 4th, 1891, p. 11. Anon. [signed ‘ is ei York N.E. Sir Charles Legard’s Otter Hounds [in pasenit of Lutra in Forge Valley and fst Field, Aug, Ist, 1891, p. 203. Anon. [signed ‘C.W. (Withernsea, Yorkshire) ’]. York S.E. Hare ([Lepus timidus| taking to the Sea [at Withernsea, Dec. 6th, 1891, to escape from a dog, and swam past all three lines of breakers]. Field, 892. Linc. N. Albino Hedgehog [(Zrinaceus europeus) at Vinge ob aad Louth ; ks white with pink eyes]. Field, Nov. 9th, 1889, p. J. C. ATKINSON. York NE. nes used as Food by the Long-tailed Field-mo ((4fus eben: at rial in-Cleveland, where also Arvicola agrestis occurs]. JAMES BACKHOUSE, j York N.W. [Mammals observed, a the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ” Chatabai Teesdale [in Aug. ; Lalpa and Sorex]. Nat., Oct. 1889, p. JAMES Backwowse, ja York S.E. [Mammals eo the Lig enag Naturalists’ Union Abbey and Ac Ka am Brow [on Sept. 4th, 1889; Sorex, Ji ralpa, Lepus scales and ZL. timidus noted]. Nat., Nov. 1889, p. 341. i, roa ki York Mid W. Carn as pe opensities in the Water Rat [an anecdote of a Lepus pst ns gr, killed by five . amplthia near Church Satioly July 1890]. , June 1891, p ma deh — York S.E. al [presumably — Sito soege ns Bi asobdn “n [on Oct. 4th, 1889 ; =" escaped]. Nat., 1889. gp ld BaIL York por te eitaing = LO eee Migecoko near the South Landing in sper: Sep. 1890]. » Oct. 1890, p. Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 63 MatTTHEew Batt York S Flamborough Bird Notes 09 mention also of three or four large Whales seen], 1891, p A.B, an sid TYE - Northumberland, Tracks and Tracking on English Ground. Smaller Mammals [with figures of their foot-prints ; and incidentally referring “y Mus decumani as a farmers’ plague in Northumberland]. Field, Aug. 24th, 1889, p. 276. E. G. Bay ick S.W. Badger ete taxus] in South Yorkshire [on the line fees tievntio and ick-le-Street about 6 years ago]. Nat., Sep. 1891 a ay yapiers Bat [Vesfertilio natiereri| at Bingley, Yorkshire gat amine Vien belfry tower, identified by W. D. sage ic Nat., March 1891 as pte ur. Foxes [Vulpes vulgaris] bred in inte oraco {at Polam Grange, near Darlington}. Field, May 17th, 1890, p. F, Boyes York S.E. Bat (Vespertii Psion eb * winter [about the streets of Beverley ; occurrenc albino a year or two ago mentioned]. Field, Dec. zoth, 860 ast : . E. Brapy, York S.W. Food of the Rough-legged Buzzard [at B ar Doncaster, 1888, near Barnsley in 1876: had a ia (Talpa ¢ paiviniatd) and Rat (AZzus piece Nat. Jan. 71889, joe W. D. BlrarrHwatre]. York S. Ackworth N. H. Excursions [to eg Common; Arvicola ajestis not He N.H.J., Sep. 15th, 1891, p. 105. ‘Near York.’ ‘Croung. Rabbits Dp ge cuniculus) suckled by a cat, near York]. Nat., 1891, 1, re Notts. Polecat Bustle pers in Nottinghamshire [caught aye in the Forest, a fe s from Retford, Jan. on Zool., Nov. 1891, p. 424. H. we Ee ex Lanc. S. ari ety of the repre baggy {caught in the fe puomess of a ts pes frozen mutton bet the Plate River and Liverpool ; Oldfie 1 Thomas refers it to aha po mame the fone form of AZ. rattus). OPE, Jan. 26th, 1889, p. 126. JAMES CARTER York N.W. Notes from Nor th Yorkshire [Vesperugo noctula found on the ground at asham Pork her a Pyne of dung; sent to Edinburgh Museum]. Field, April 12th, 1890, p. 518. James Carter. York N. Unu Fecundity in Hare [ (Zepus Lecce near Masham ; five leveters in one nest this summer]. Field, Sep. 20th, 1890, p. 462. JAMES CARTER. York N.W. ounded ts biting [near Masham ; Zepus "soap Feet does so, and also Ze pits Field, September 27th, 1890, p. 493- James Carrer. York N.W. Fox [Canis vulpes] on the Warpath [at Burton House, Masham ; joe oe acco aout - aati one’s footprints in fresh snow]. Field, ___Jan. 24th, 1891, p. Feb. 1893. 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY ; MAMMALIA, 1889-91. JAMES CART N.W. Otter [Z in ra — tra] Revouring: a Drake [at Burton House near ase? Field, April 11th, 1891, p. 538. ALFRED C, CHAPMAN, Durham or Northumberland? Natural rene Notes from — North [of England, written from Leamside, co. Dur rham, batt no t localised, and dealing with bap mie - Vulpes, Lep tel Ef: ie eld, Aug. 2n d, 1890, p. Ji BeCrare. pee tvenag Shark (species not — and Phoca vitulina seen near Filey Brig]. ie Dec. 15th, 1890, p Wm. re Eo York Daubenton s Bat [ Vespertilio cr caggns added to the Yorkshire Fauna t on athe Yore at Masham 19th, 1891, by Basil Carter]. Nat., Sep. p. ot < Wma. EacLe CLA York N. cgeig rarest in Yorkshire = shot on the Yore wine ¥’ Fe ate 19th Aug., 18913 ; new to ath Zool., Oct. 1891, p. 395. 7, Core eshire. Curious ss Wikis at Sugar [near Li bosdeng oe de Rats (Mus PRE very troublesome]. Young Nat., June 1890, p. EDWARD CoMBE Cheshire. Black ariety of the Water Vole [4rvicola amphibia] in Wirral al shot close to ipaiwrge winter of 1881-82]. Zool., Oct. oe p- 384 Joun Corp ork S. E., Linc. N. Bottle-nosed “Dolphin [Delphinus tursio] in the ne [at Tetney Haven, 1888 ; refers also to one at Spurn, Sep. 1879]. Nat., Jan. 18 JouN ane s. Ww. Wild Cat [Felis catus| in Yorkshire [repeating from Murray’s ‘Handbook for Yorkshire’ the Barnborough tradition]. Zool., June 1890, p J. C[oRDEAUX]. ork N.E. [Inordinate increase of Mus sylvaticus and Arvicola agrestis at Dan by-in- th nei resulting from destruction of Kestrels, noted in Shera 4{2.C. Atkinson’s ‘For rty Years in a Moorland Parish’). Nat., Oct. fe. p- 309. Joun as si S:E. White Porpoise [(Phocena mers ah a og Holderness Rha near the Spurn, seen Oct. 5th]. Zool., Nov. 425. — Cross. Lanc. W. the Fylde Flowers. Lytham and St. Anne’s-on-the Sea eae peat op noted in ese Wesl. wat gins gen p- 322 J. Burtr Dav ‘Lin roe Church if Accounts, Cockerington S. Mary’s, North iicmes eset entries ico Vulpes and Lutra, 1732, 1735, and 1744], Nat., P WILLIAM ScARTH pate ork N.E. and Mid W. In the North Countrie. Annals and Anecdo Horse, Hound, an Herd. [Gives historical notices of Fox-hunting in Yogic from 1686 down]. London: Simpkin, Marshal iG Vor son Brothers, 1889. [See Review in Field, July 13th, 1889, p. ‘ee wet seen by compiler]. J. W. Fawcett. Northumberland S., Cumberland, Durham. Otters [Zwtra /utra] in the North [brief particulars given of several cohol Cumberland, and Durham captures]. Nat., April coe p- Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY: MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 65 J. W. L. T. Fawcett. Durham. sf a eryphus| on Coast of Durham [one Mch. pei Som i eg pool and Se aham ; measurements given]. Nat., Aug. 1890 255 THOMAS iat Wetecniion) BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 69 Pom. C. tae ODE]. I Phenological Observations [with Manx dates for Common age aad qoutanah s ge Vannin Lioar, No. 1, Jan. 1889, i a RM e of ae muli on Snaefell and Sky-hill [with incidental me ere ner acribtes the absence of small bones (so abundant in Taga tumuli) fi from tumuli, to e of Arvicola amphibia from the Manx fauna]. Back Transactions of Isle of Man N. H.S., i. 29, publ. with Yn Lioar inagh 1889. Pe MsGs Scone: Isle of Man. Notes on Manks Mammals [given in some detail ; aK Tailless pee (Felis catus), Cervus megaceros (extinct), C. elaphus and C. dama (both introdu 8" within historical times but soon extinct), ke oa Piste, * Plecobss Sy Be idisess Sorex araneus, Mustela erminea, Mus aticus, M. musculus, MM. decumanus, Lepus ti: ‘midus, L. cuniculus, Phecwee eta and a whale, probably Balenoptera hae; noted, with details as to occurrence (several others mentioned as of occurring), erm car: are. names and superstitions, Ste 2 eR etc.]._ Back Transactions of Isle Be PPp- 43-49, publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 3, July 1 889. P.M. C. Kermo Isle of Man. Address by the R etiring President . . . delivered . . . Marchuith, 1886 [gives titles of sean dealing with the Manx Fauna]. Back Trans. I. Man N. i of H.S., i. 72; publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889. P. M. C. KerMope ie pig y]. Isle of Man. Exhibition of the rn of a Roe pete Core capreolus) found near the Round Tower, P Peel]. ie Bet I. of Man N. H. S., July 12th, 1889; Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889, i 95. P. M. C. KERMODE. Isle of Man. The Antiquities of the Parish of Bride [with a note anent Lough Pherrick, that if ever there were Fei (Lutra lutra) in the Island they may hay e been met with in this Lough]. Yn Lioar Mannin., No. 7, Oct. Fe get E.. P. cat ede x. N.E. Mammal o by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ye Robin Hood’s Bey ee sed 1889 ; Lepus cuniculus]. Nat., Aug. 1889, p. 229. W. LAMPLUGH. York S.E. Fossils from the Sewerby Cliff-beds ae St —— E. antiquus, Rhinoceros, ~~ damus —— tus, Equt. Mt eros, Bos primi- esp Bison, Hyena, Arvicola amphibia, mentio asia oo p. 58th Menine “of Brit. Ass., Bath, 1888 (pub. 1889), p 334- Cumberland, Westmorland, York N.E., RAwWpon LEE. Cheshire, Durham. Otters [Lutra pov and Otter Hunting [giving + list of the otter-hound packs and discussing the scarcity or abundance of otters in various districts r British ila: five packs are kept in our Shoei counties]. Field April 26th, 1890, p - 599. B. B. LeTatt. York N.E. aoe Bootham. Natural History Club [note of a colors tree’ at pay with about 100 moles (7Za/fa europea) on it]. N.H.J., Dec. 15th, 1 168. R. L[ypexker]. cs., Notts., be rk S.E. The — Dative of the Beaver [( Castor aye sketch erenc also mad remains found in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, to the f fact that the ples ¢ in Vorkshit re where remains were found (Wawne) is close to a place named from the animal ae erley); and to the name of Bevercater (Notts. )}. ___ Field, Jan. 3rd, 1861, March 1893. 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY: MAMMALIA, 1889-91. CUMMING MAcpbona. heshire. Cc Fox [Canzs vu/pes] swimming [across Chapel Mere, Cholmondeley Park, Malpas, Cheshire, on an island in which it was rearing a litter]. Field, 1890, p. 160, H. A. MACPHERSON. mberland. Gas bight seers vulgaris) feeding on Fungi [in eidideasiee 2 NUE Dec I . A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland, Furness. The Dict apa iE capetorse in Wales and Cumberland [in which county it is quite ra Meles now extinct; Maries getting scarcer every year, phat it iy occurs in Westmorland; Avizaceus referred to]. Zool., Sep. 1891, pp. 342-344. Aas chipset Cu arenes: Unusual Fecundity in Hare [(Zepus timidus); five leverets noted i nest, oan dy 1890, at Wragmire Bank, near Carlisle]. Field, Sep. 1a 1990, p. 4 Jas. aaa & Maso Lin the Water Vole [(Arvicola amphibia) found at ‘Alford, 28th aibees 1888]. Nat., Feb. 1889, p. 60. JAMEs EARDLEY SoD Badger [J/eles may in Lincolnshire [one found 15th Mar 1890, in ayton Fen, crossed the river Eau into Withern Log ~ nally ‘taken near Strubby Chu rch weight 18 lbs.]._ Nat., April 1890, p N. Lin : Parish hileaues Rigsby with Ailby, North Lincolnshire [from 1686 to 1710; entries of sums paid for Valpes, Meles, Lutra]. Nat., June 1891, p.178. Puitir B. Mason De rbyshie. Hy tion of Squirr vi Baton vulgaris); at Drakelow Hall, ne Burton-on-Trent they remained active throughout the whole of the Boson severe and prolonged Korth pera Ants 1891, p. 151. L. C. MIALL York Mid W. Natural History of the Aire [repeating oe s Si see of Zuéra in oe Aire]. Handbook for Leeds and Airedal ie r the use of t British Association, Leeds, 1890, pp. 22, mak md L. C. MIALL. Yo — Extinct Quadrupeds of Airedale [mentioning Paice gh Elepha primigenius, Bos primigenius, at Wortley and Lothersdale ; Ursus arenes, Canis lupus, Hig re a, Felis lynx, #. leo, Tarandus rangifer, Ce UUs megaceros, Bison, Rhinoceros, all P alluded to as having been once inhabitants of Vomuahinek: "Hen book for Leeds and sagen Prepared for the use of the British Association, Leeds, 1890, pp. 39-40. A. D. wien: De some unrecorded Parasitic Acari found in Great Britain [ autumn of 1888, 8 A ene hgh and Erinaceus europaus). Journ ool., No. 123, Dec. 31st, 1889, xx. 400-406; Zool., March 1888, x ae Je Gaarros MILNE. weer Ex from Lan e Churchwardens’ Accounts [Rochd 5 Pape Evrinaceus 3 yt 42, Fearn Oldham, 1734, ae Iesria aie mm Crompton, 1735, erdascensy, Nat., May 1889, p. 1 T. H. NELson. Common Seal ap eigen at Coatham [a young one shot 5th March, 1890]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p . N.W., Dur: [Hyperoidon rostratus) at the Tees Mouth Makes at South Gare; account of capture ; slight deacticiion: of example]. Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 228. Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 71 TiN N York < The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Kildale-in-Cleveland [with n that sa Ba dgers paras taxus) reported from Ingleby are teas = he Joods, where they have been turne woues also orid deus rd is x cuniculus ae at Easby}. Nat., Sep. 1890 vs poi CHARLES OLDH Derbyshire, Cheshire. Whiskered Bats [ Vespertilio — ~ a royshire ‘at yas! Dale near Bakewell, ion Ist, 18 omp t of this and etg erley igs, © heshire, pitas ee: Feb. ae 2 "685 and Nat., P- 59- oo ap Re Cheshire k Vets Arvicola glareolus| and Short-tailed Vole [A. agrestis] in North Cheshire [at Northenden ; also M/us sylvaticus, ie Sorex tetragonurus or coy a ‘Mustela vulgaris growing rarer]. Zool., March iss, p. 98. CHAS. OLDHAM. Lanc. W. Whiskered Bat [ Vesfertilio mystacinus] in Shropshire and Lancashire [one caught in a bedroom at Lytham, July 1888]. Zool., Sep. 1890, p. 349. Lanc. Albino Lon: ng-e ared Bat [Plecotus auritus] in Lancashire [killed by R. Standen at Gibensighs Aug. 1866, uniform light cream-colour]. Zool., | » P- 349. ES Cuas. OLDHAM. Che viotland. eged Antipathy of Cattle to Deer (criticized from observation ye “a vr vm Cervus washes and C. dama at Chillingham Park}, Zool., 1690, p. 453- CHARLES OLDHA Cheshire, York Mid W. The Lyme P, air Herd of Wild White Cattle [( os oe $a — historical escriptive account of what is known of the herd, f thei r being crossed in I wand bull-calf, po last oration fe) re : 3 measurements of skulls and heads given, and woodcuts ase orms of horns ni and subsequent to the Givene: cross in 1859]. Zool., March 1891, a ots N Notts. Water Rat | Ldraiale amphibia] and Eel [on the river Greet; eel swallowing the rat’s tail for a worm, and releasing it], Field, Sep. rath, 1891, p. 431. ALFRED E, lege ork N.E. its Badger [(Afdes | snug as observed at Plea aah ak laa * Field, Jan. 19th, 1889, Joun oe Lanc. S, Weasel [/ Micieaie vulgaris] defending Young aga ap ay near Warrington; circumstantial narrative]. Field, Aug. 15th, 1891, iotland. JNo. PHILipson. Chevi A othe . . . Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, read May 15th, 1889 (noting Cervus pdt in Eslington a Nat. Hist. Trans. orthumb. Durh. Northumb and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, G. PULLEN Curious visitors wo occasions a mouse (species not cate perhaps J/ws ple hy Sanna Nat., Feb. 1890, p. 36. THomas cna orthumber ics ation on a Hare hates & orig) at Capheaton, Newcaatie: on- Tyne} Field, Dec. 14th, 1889, p. J. Rostnson, Cumberland. Rabbit [Lepus cuniculus] swimming across the Irthing [being pursued by a weasel, Mustela vulgaris). Nat., Oct. 1891, p. 298. March 18 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. W. DENISON ROEBUCK. York Mammalia in Upper mpiniale [recording the trapping of Sorex tetra gonurus, Arvicola glareola, agrestis, Mus sylvaticus, M. aren and at Strands farm, near oe Aug. 1891]. Nat., Oct. 1891, p. 311. W. DENISON RoEBUC Long-tailed Field Mouse [Afus -Aaetaies near Alford, Lincs. [at Rigsby, Feb. 13th, 1886]. Nat., Oct. 1891, C. R. RoEpER. Isle of Man. ~— Folklore a er Lepus timidus). Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 9, April-Oct. 1891, p. 290. J. H. SALTer and 9 Lantss: Manchester ae ae. a Bat out at 4.45, Feb. 1st]. N.H.J., April 15th, 1890, p. J. H. SALTER and na VE. Derbyshire or Cheshire. On the Derbyshire ae [of Cheshire, near Macclesfield ; Dormouse (2 Sagal rvellanarins) caught almost on the moors]. N. H.J., Sep. 15th, p- Io WILLIAM SHAN Northumb. S. Weasels Cala us. stela vulgaris| attacking a Dog [at Berridge Hag, near Mor au circumstantial en Field. July 25th, 1891, pp. 130-131. W. E. SH and o ee 6 the Abbot of St. Werburg in Chester a Sta pase elaphus paar six Bucks (C. ith annually). Brit. Nat., Nov. sia 239. F. S1sson Notts. Sissons’s ‘‘ Beauties of Sherwood Forest”: a Guide to the ‘‘ Dukeries forests]. Second edition, 8vo, 1888, pp. 51, 56, 60, 65, a A. B. S[K1PwoRTH], Linc. N, Badger [JZeles taxus|in Lincolnshire [one taken at Holbeck Hall near Sebi. castle, gue sa 26 lbs, 10 02., a few days ago]. Field, Jan. 5, 1889, p. 27- Epwarp H. Sm York N.E. egos Voles pevdivcas agrestis] in North-East den [destructive to whberries near Northallerton]. Nat., Oct. 1890, p ities SOUTHWELL. Linc. 2 Seals [Poca we cee in the Wash [between Norfolk and Sou Lincolnshire the Bip ey Seal Y Wetcherss gryphus) conse baat met Sere' Zoo 383. PETER Sine Fox [Vulpes vulgaris} Curiously Marked [killed in Lord Zetland’s country, Yorkshire: quite white head with patches]. Field, May 3rd, 1890, p. 638. Cc Bostor Cheshire. Taito killing [Water] Rats eager rp dae at Northwich, Cheshire; process boomer: 344 Zool., Nov. 1890, p M. TAIT. All Yorkshire. . [Legendary references to the Boar of Bradford, the White Doe of Rylstone, “ae Kt leap near scan the Dragon of Wantley, ‘the Felon Sow of Rok also to the r of Kirkdale Cave, and Victoria a at Settle]. Sashehnas Scenes, Lore 2 and Legends [{ Leeds, 1888] pp. 9, 25, 31, 38, 41, 49, 53. Waturaling, BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. - 73 Isle of Man. “Tailless Cats [of the Isle of Man, discussed at some length, with numerous extracts from various authors]. Trans. I. of Man N. H. S., vol. i. 1879-84 (publ. 1888), pp. 96-116. E. TANDY. Cumberland. Whiskered Bat [Vespertilio mystacinus] in Cumberland [on the _ ; once or twice occurred before in the county]. Zool., March 1890, p. 9 EARL OF TANKERVILLE. Che ind, The Chillingham Wild Cattle [a detailed account of experiments in crossing, with other notes on the ai illustrated by fine woodcut from a photograph]. Field, Aug. 16th, 1890, p. 249. TuHos. “PSR ae Durham Neueties of Mole [( 7a/pa europea) near Winlaton, gee hes 1ith; pled ample ; description given]. Field, Jan. 18th, 1890, p Cc, F. Setlist EWILL]. Derbyshire. Calendar of Nature, 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent; Lutra lutra aad = Burton —— April 23rd]. 9th Ann. Rep. Bur ton- -on- pare WEL, Arch. Soc., for 1884, publ. 1885, p. 24. O. F; Pioetosket ILL. Derbyshire. = wer il Nature, eo [for Burton-on-Trent; Bat ee, ng at March]. 11th ara Rep. Burton- on-Trent N. H. and Arch. aon tet 7886, publ. eA8y, p Wo. elaine Cumberland. n Fos sil Bo ones of Mammals obtained during Excavations at Silloth Pacoaiee those of Bos ise, a0 Cervus elaphus, and some Cetaceans, algae ig tg musculus a Globiocephalus). Proc. Roy. Phys. - Edinburgh, vol. 8, part 2, deinccig 1884-85, publ. 1885, pp. 333-338: i Linc. N.; York S. es beg grocer WILLIAM TuRNER Lanc. S., Cheshire. of the Bottle-Nosed or Beaked ath (Bi ly pei trie n the vostratus) i in = hi Seo ttish Seas, with Observations on its External Charact and i i Hoyle ar , one in 1867, near the entrance to river Ouse]. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinbu rgh, vol. 9, part 1, session 1885-86, pls 1886, pp. 26-2 Wo. ay ER. Yo rk S.E., Linc. N. Sept. 1885, recorded by Clarke and gintinchy ae Phys Edinb., vol. 10, Bie ; 1888- 89 (publ. 1889), pp. 5-6. RUDOLPH ner of rete Anthropology in the Last Twenty Years [with a n Tailles Cats | (reli catus) es the I ae of Man]. Smiths — “oe to July 1889, publ. 1890, p. 569, translated from Corr.-Blatt d. deutsch. ve f. Anthrop., Ethn. und Urge chichte, Jahrg. 20, no. 9, Sept. 1889, mee . 89-1 Epcar R. Wa AIT York S.W. Mammal Mest ad EY by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Unio fi {10th cel 1889; Lepus cuniculus and Mustela vulgaris neohns Nat., rn R. > we York Mid W. by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ a at Harrogate gre pares 1385: “Tal Sciurus, Arvicola amphibia, A. agrestis, Lepus sy oh and Z. cuniculus noted on w sen. by Hokstone to Fullwith and ng Park]. WNat., Aug. 1889, p 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. Epcar R. Waite York S.W. Rages the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Breyon Park [14th suds ap 3 Cervus dama, Talpa, Sorex pale Caen rites Arvicol amphibia, A. agrestis, and Lepus cuniculus noted]. Nat., July 1890, p. emi EpGAR R. WAITE. pd ric S.E. [Mammalia observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Low knots near oe [26th } yp 1890; Arvicola agrestis and Seen pa se ted]. Nat., July 1890, p. 205. EpGar R. WAITE. York Mid W. Natterer’s Bat [Vesfertilio nattereri) near Thorp wie a picked up July 11th, ah a few details given]. Nat., Aug. 1890, Epcar R. W pe i Mid W. watecues m ‘the Western Ainsty ggiging detailed notices of 26 species of mammalia]. Nat., March 1891, pp. EpeGar R. WAITE. York Mid W. Red Field Voles [Arvicola glareolus] near en ets Toren [attracted by and killed with linseed oil]. Nat., May 1891, p EpcGar R. WaAITE. York grt Ww. Common Field Voles [Arvicola agrestis] at Eccup [where they abound ; burrows confined to a cue tract of ‘grass near the margins of a mitt reservoir]. Nat., May 1891, p. 144. EDGAR Ke at a Mid W. [Mam pl d by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Malham and rest [11 4 Sep. 1890; Austela ean MM. erminea, L pu cuniculus and Arvicola amphibia]. Nat., June 1891, p. 174. Epcar R. . vie k N.E. [Mamma ed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hayburn Wyke [ ee iy iets, 1891 ; Lepus cuniculus only]. Nat., Sep. 189, I, p. 286. EpGAR R. Wal i E. eons bake rved by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union on the Wol ae Sledmere and York Dale, 3rd Aug., 1891 ; ; Erinacens Arvicola Ra iene and esa cuntculus}. Nat., Oct. nai, P- 3 EpcGar R. WAI York Mid W. Noctule (Peper noctula| Flying in See [by the River Wharfe near Pool, 13th Sep.; 1891]. Nat., Oct. 1891, p JOHN Watson. epee Westmor eronries [with an allusion to Gough ing remains of Arvicola amphibia in stomach of a fortnight-old Heron at "Dalam Tower, an another case of a Heron disgorging the — animal when fired at]. Westm. Note Book and Nat. Hist. Record, vol. 1, part 6, June ones 120. E. W. Wes ceinitatee The Ke ave 1 a Mole[7Za/pa europea)-killer est fea Cievivemire> an instance detailed]. Field, Dec. 14th, 1889, p. J: this Notts. White Hares [Zeus europeus] in Nottinghamshire las Bestwood and Rufford ; sites examples in 1888]. Zool., April 1889, p. 143. T. De War igs cages White rh out [Mustela erminea] in Derbyshire [noted while hunting Feb. 4th, 1891, br the Axe Vale Hounds at Wiscombe Park]. Field, Feb. 14th, 1891, JAMES ‘lio Lin An Albino Hare [(Zepzs bp shot at Grimoldby, near Louth, Oct. >a Field, oh 26th, 1889, p Naturalist, GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. JAMES SPENCER, Halifax ; Member of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. GEoLocisrs tell us that the Glacial epoch was ushered in bya period of gradually increasing cold, which ultimately became so intense that the mountainous districts of Norway, Scotland, and the north of England became enveloped in a thick mantle of snow and ice. Then glaciers began to form on the mountains and upland valleys, from whence they radiated in all directions, but as soon as local obstacles were surmounted they all took a southward direction down the country and finally became confluent, forming one vast sheet of ice which covered Scotland and the north of England, and filled up the beds of the North and the Irish Seas with a vast thickness of ice. The route taken by many of these glaciers can be traced by the boulders which they dropped while on their way down the country. The glacier which brought down the boulders of granite, syenite, trap and volcanic ashes, etc., that now occupy so many miles ot the bed of the Calder appears to have originated in the Galloway Mountains (south-western corner of Scotland). Starting from the neighbourhood of the Solway, with its burden of ‘ Criffel’ granite boulders it came down the western coast* bounded on the west by the great glacier from the north, which occupied the bed of what is now the Irish Sea, and on the east by the land. It then spread over Morecambe Bay, where it was joined by a great glacier from the western side of the Lake District, bringing with it a vast quantity of Lake District rocks, including Eskdale granite, Ennerdale granophyre, quartz felsite from St. John’s Vale, Borrodale ashes, and many other characteristic rocks from that district. € now greatly augmented glacier still kept to the western coast until it reached the neighbourhood of Blackpool and Lytham, where, probably meeting with less resistance from the land ice and being impelled by the great glacier on the west, it was forced across the Plain of North Lancashire, engulfing and overtopping hills of from * Criffel ’ granite from west to the east. e thi granite has been recognised, both in Lancashire and Calderdale. March 1893. 76 SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 1,200 feet to 1,450 feet in height on its route, with the same ease as a storm-swollen brook envelopes and overtops the boulders in its bed, it finally impinged against the steep flanks of Blackstone Edge and the western end of the Walsden Pass. When the glacier reached Blackstone Edge it had become greatly reduced in thickness, which was at that place estimated by the late Captain Aitken at about 1,150 feet. So that only a limited portion of the ice-sheet, with its burden of far-travelled rocks, was pushed over the Pennine Chain and found its way into Calderdale, the great bulk of the glacier being turned down the western flanks of the Pennine Chain into the plain of South Lancashire. This range of high ground is in the neigh- bourhood of Littleborough and Burnley cut through by two deep passes—namely, those of Walsden and Cliviger. Now, as the height of the Walsden Pass is only 627 feet and that of Cliviger 768 feet above sea-level, it must be evident that, unless these passes were either non-existent at that time or they were filled up by some means or other, the ice-sheet must have been pushed through them, down to Todmorden and thence down the valley of the Calder. The general opinion of those most familiar with the facts of the case, is that the level of these passes has not materially altered since pre-Glacial times. Hence, in order to keep back the ice-sheet, they must have been filled up by some means or other, otherwise the passes would have been strewn with boulders dropped from the glacier. Now, one of the most strange and puzzling facts in con- nection with the glacial phenomena of our district is that there are absolutely none of those foreign boulders to be met with in either of these passes. Let the diligent student search these passes as long and as carefully as he may, not a single erratic of either granite or any other far-travelled rock will reward his search. But if he choose to ascend the hill on either side of the Walsden Pass, especially that on the south, he will walk over a great thickness of them for a long distance up the hillside and close to the edge of the pass, and up to the height of 1,150 feet or more above the sea-level, and in walking over the hill he may meet with some of them here and there until he reaches Walsden, which lies on the eastern side of the chain. How to account for this strange fact was for a long time a puzzle to local geologists. At length my friend, the late Captain Aitken, in order to account for the absence of glacial boulders from these passes, propounded the theory that these passes had become jammed full of local ice from the surrounding hills during the earlier portion of the glacial period, so that the great Lancashire ice-sheet when it reached the locality, found those passes full of compact ice which Naturalist, SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 77 formed a barrier equal to the rocky chain itself. In the deep hollow in which the town of Todmorden now stands and the many deep dales around, the local ice would be held in a compact mass, and the peculiar configuration of the ground would have a tendency to retain and preserve the local ice, nearly if not quite up to the general level of the Pennine Chain; so that the main body of the Lancashire glacier would be effectively _prevented from passing through these passes into Yorkshire. Nevertheless, both Captain Aitken and myself were satisfied that our Calderdale boulders of granite, etc., had somehow and by some means come over the Pennine Chain, and somewhere near the Walsden pass. We had assured ourselves of this by a careful examination of our Calderdale boulders and by comparing them with those of East Lancashire. When I first began to study this most interesting subject, having no particular theory of my own to support, I naturally inclined to the one which appeared to me to be the most plausible, and which seemed to be supported by the greatest weight of evidence and authority within our district, and that was the theory, that our Calderdale boulders had come from the east. Very early in my geological rambles I found a limestone boulder almost entirely full of small Rhynchonellz near Widdop’s Cross, at the height of about 1,200 feet above sea-level, on the southern flank of Boulsworth Hill, and a short distance on the Yorkshire side of the boundary line between Yorkshire and Lancashire. This boulder and its enclosed shells strongly reminded me of a very similar limestone boulder which only a short time previously I had met with on the Yorkshire Coast at the foot of Castle Hill, Scarborough. The Rhynchonella found in the Widdop boulder appeared to me, and also to those persons to whom I showed them, to be closely allied, if not identical, with Rhynchonella socialis of the oolitic boulder from Scarborough Castle Hill. At my request, Captain Aitken took some of the Widdop boulder and its inclosed shells and submitted them to some great authority, probably Mr. Davidson, who declared the fossils to be a Rhynchonella from the Mountain Limestone. This settled the matter, and it was evident that this boulder had come over the ridge at Widdop’s Cross from Cant’s Clough, where a large number of limestone boulders may still be found, and not from the east-as I had imagined. These limestone boulders are very rich in Mountain Limestone corals, encrinites, producta, spirifera, etc., and they occur in great numbers On the north end of the Burnley (Cliviger) Pass, and also all around the flanks of Boulsworth Hill and the upland valleys in that neighbourhood, where they have in former days been largely used for burning into lime. This locality seems to have been occupied in the March 1893, 78 SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. Glacial period by a great glacier from the north, which brought down trom Craven and the neighbourhood the limestone boulders now found in the district. There appears to be no evidence to show that the Lancashire glacier with its boulders of granite, etc., ever reached the Cliviger Pass. But there is some evidence to show that a small portion of the Craven glacier did come over this Pass, bringing with it limestone boulders. My friend, the late Mr. A. Stansfield, of Todmorden, informed me that, with the exception of a local deposit of limestone boulders once met with in an excavation 18 feet deep below the surface at Cornholm, no drift deposits had ever been met with in the neigh- bourhood of Todmorden. Many years ago, while on an excursion on Wadsworth Moor, an old friend of mine, a farmer who lived in the locality, called my attention to a local deposit of well-glaciated limestone boulders which had been exposed in an old occupation road leading on to the land. They were found on the edge of the moor at an elevation of about 1,150 feet above the sea-level. It would, therefore, appear from these three deposits of limestone in comparison with the number of granite and other erratics which came over the ridge at Walsden. I subsequently found that the Geological Surveyors had also come to the conclusion that our alderdale boulders had come over the Pennine Chain somewhere in the neighbourhood of Walsden. Some time after seeing the opinion of the Geological Surveyors on the subject, I paid a visit to my friend, Mr. R. Law, F.G.S., then of Walsden, and we both went over that district together, when we traced the granitic boulders here and there from Walsden to the other side of the hill, near the Walsden Pass. I was satisfied that those erratic boulders we had seen had come over the hill, and therefore that we had good grounds for believing that our Calderdale boulders of granite, etc., had come over by the same way. From Walsden we pass down the valley to Hebden Bridge,* and thence to Mytholmroyd, where Mr. Thomas Ashworth, a local observer from Hebden Bridge, once discovered a considerable number of granite boulders. From this place down- wards I have found these far-travelled boulders at Luddendenfoot, at Sowerby Bridge, and at North Dean, where they were exposed during the excavations made in widening the railway viaduct over the Calder, and from whence I obtained a large number of ere the late Dr. Alexander has recorded the finding of boulders of granite and other foreign rocks during the making of the railway. Naturalist, NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY. 79 characteristic boulders. But at Elland they may be seen exposed in the banks of the Calder and good specimens obtained, and they are frequently met with in sinking wells and in making excavations near the Calder from Elland down to Dewsbury and Wakefield The following section was exposed in sinking for the foundations for the piers of the railway arch across the river Calder at No Dean. ft. ins, Soi 3 ay ae a iu ae si. ra Te son Kd a Sas: a ve yids Shue Gravel, a ese of loesi hindi toe 2 0 “ggasi of local rocks with a re percentage my foreign ocks, granite, syenite, traps, ¥ No Weider reached, the foundutlond e: ‘ihe thes bas taid on this bed. The majority of the boulders were well rounded, thus indicating that they had been worn by being knocked against each other in the river. bre are smooth, and no striz or scratches were visible on any of t The gen ibe character and order of succession of these Glacial deposits in Calderdale, appears to be (1) surface soil, (2) a thick bed of sand with clay lower down the river, (3) gravel with boulders of local rocks, (4) gravel with local boulders, mixed with a large percentage of boulders of granite, syenite, quartzite, basalt, trap, volcanic ash, etc., which as a rule seem to repose upon the solid rocks at the bottom of the valley. Boulders of the following characteristic rocks occur in the valley of the Calder St. John’s Vale quartz-felsite Micaceous trap, Buttermere mi ee eee Volcanic ash, eR granl _Amygdaloidal trap, Syen Eycott Hill basalt rastdale granite, Quartzite, and quartz rock, Criffel granite, Felspar-porphyry, etc., Basalt, Limestone and Chert. Most of these rocks appear to have come from the western side of the Lake District, but some have. been derived like the Criffel granite from Scotland. NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y. Spotted Crake a on.—An immature pe “ the nesses Crake (Porzana maruetta), dang ae near Otterington, 1891, and is now in my possession.—WM. HEWETT TT, 12, Howard Street, York, feb. 18th, ti Bittern near tigre —A fine female specimen of the Bittern (Botauru stellaris), was cas Little Driffield on <5 ies ine uary, 1893.—WM. HEwe: rt, » Howard creo Gans Feb. 18th, 1 ane, so eee eran aE Oe ¥, Flamborough Bird-Not nce last sertting (January 12th, 1893) we have = a great rush of F ceo Fars Bags: _I do not remember the time when I en alon (Adergus serrator) by one * our fishermen, havin en picked up at sea while attending to the fishing lines. -MATTHEW BaILEy, Flamborough, Feb. 1 th Sia Great Northe Diver at Wor! agg range bird had been noticed in the Solway, in the neighbourhood of ‘Workington and the mouth of the Derwent, Nani — bird —— 7 be haun shore, were unable to recognise. More attempts e ha onda os capture the unknown feathered visitor. Shots had og fired erm sng an it being a difficult bird to kill, in consequence of a habit of swimming wit only its head exp of the water. es the pellet through its head. The proved to a fine specimen of the Great Northern Diver ( Colpabus glacial a — sphhaaly of the first year, as the plumage, though very fine, w ants t ite bands round the upper and lower H purpurea), which he shot some years ago, when flying overhead in the dusk of ning, the semua belonging to one of the local iron furnaces. epee A.L.S., Workington, Feb. roth, 1893. pei: aE NEWS. the June 1892 issue of the ‘Jou f Botany,’ Mr. George Massee has a oo on ‘ Some West Indian F mag, "iIluetrated by three coloured plates, We have received from Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., a copy of their prevent. epee d nig in which Mr. Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.E., treats of ‘ oO i e that relating Ka vet at i ies What the author alludes to on page 44, where he writes of pati collaris having a red woe init ce or even demon yellow we nie pretend to say, but certainly we fail to why Dr. Gadow should be saddled with such a statement. Whatever ber se may h been ought of by d i b e art 8. subject arrangement of the book, with its four beautifully coleetek. ee will, we ake i popular one, and for reference the list of authors’ names is most convenient. Naturalist, SCORPA:NA DACTYLOPTERA ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST: AN ADDITION TO THE FAUNA OF THE BRITISH NORTH SEA AREA, T. H,. NELSON, M.B.O.U., anp WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., Erc. On the 2nd of February last, one of the Redcar fishermen brought me a strange-looking fish, which had been found, washed up by the tide, on Coatham sands. Not being able to identify it myself, Mr. Roebuck forwarded the specimen to Mr. W. Eagle Clarke of the Edinburgh Museum.—T.H.N. On examination I found the specimen —_ resembled Sebastes norwegicus in general appearance, but differed in the following important points, namely: (1) In having oa interorbital Space concave, not flat; (2) the dorsal spines longer than the dorsal rays, instead of shorter; (3) the lower jaw (dentary) was not prominent ; (4) the upper posterior angle of the operculum reached to the lateral line, and was not spined at its apex. Thinking that these peculiarities—though they are certainly very marked— might, perhaps, be characteristic of the youth of Sebastes norwegicus, I wrote to my friend Mr. Boulenger, of the British Museum, describing them, and afterwards sent him the specimen. e informed me that the specimen was a young Scorfena dactyloptera De la Roche= Sebastes dactylopterus (De la Roche), (Giinther, Cat. Acanth. Fishes, IL., p- 99), a species whose range is known to extend to the S.W. coast "et Ireland, in deep water, where several specimens were taken in 1889, from 250 fathoms (Gunther, Ann. and Mag., N. H. (6), iv., 1889, p. 417). This has hitherto, I believe, been the only British record. The species is described by Dr. Giinther as being common in the Mediterranean, and at Madeira, where Lowe found it in 250-400 fathoms; and it is not uncommon on the coast of Norway, in depths of from 100-300 fathom The wea was 4°8 inches in length, and of a beautiful golden-red colour, with a somewhat mottled appearance, due to a slight want of uniformity in the tint. In conclusion, it affords me much pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Boulenger.—W.E.C. March 1893. ’ MELANISM AND MELANOCHROISM. Melanism and Melanochroism. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. _Mr. Tutt has done wisely in bringing together, in book form, the series of papers on this subject which has appeared in the pages of the ‘Entomologists’ Record.’ They form a very valuable contribution to the literature which has during the last few years appeared on Melanism in lepidoptera. Mr. Tutt’s theory is, that nearly all melanism has its origin in moisture, or, as he terms it, ‘ humidity,’ combined with natural selection; and he undoubtedly brings together many telling facts in support of thie view. ome of his arguments are no doubt open to question, and indeed, as one reads through the book, objections to many of the statements constantly occur to one’s mind. The fact is that probably no theory will ever be found to account for all cases of melanism, but that some or all of the various theories combined, in greater or less degree under diverse conditions in different localities ; or in other words, that one or more theories together may give a satisfactory and correct solution in one part of our islands, and other theories equally so elsewhere ; the result in all cases, no doubt, being ‘natural selection,’ in the direction of ‘protection,’ and consequent ‘survival of the fittest.’ Mr. Tutt deserves the thanks of all lepidopterists for the clear and exhaustive way he has argued the probabilities in favour of his theory, and the book ought certainly to be read and studied by every one interested in this important, and now fascinating subject. CPP: NOTES AND NEWS. The thick double part (Nos. 199° 200) of the Botanical Series of the Journal of the Linnean Society, issued last April, is exclusively devoted to papers by wn rkshi ia St, FE and ye am s ven li which Xenophon is propose a substitution et a name dal given to w Fossil Plant described by bith i ina —— Tt pap The paper by Mr. West, ta wibiels Sines the part is devoted, and which runs to 114 pages, illustrated by seven plates of figures beautifully ae by his Wy i son, Mr. G. est, forms another of that most indefatigable and energetic otanist’s contributions to our knowl lee of the distribution of Freshwater Alge, this paper dealing with those of the West of Ireland, collected in July 1890, and n Augus ear following. The tota 17 species, tot 6 sub-species, 97 varieties and 37 forms, of which 34, 7, 47 and 28 respectively are described for the first time as new to science. — or —_—_ One of the new species—Cosmarium persnpe named afier Mr. Wes Porat companion in these and many other tours, Mr. William Nuttall, of Bradford ; and another—Zuastruwm mg apd er another able and well-known student of these lowly plants, Mr. W. Barwell Tursier, ot Leeds. Naturalist, LaSgerab merc zniwer a BIRD-NOTES. F, B. WHITLOCK, Beeston, Notts. WanT of time has prevented me from thanking Mr. G. Bolam for the copy of the note relating to the interbreeding of the Kestrel and Merlin in 1886, as recorded in the Proceedings of the Berwick- shire Naturalists’ Club. A few further words will, I think, finally clear the matter up. The original note I see refers the locality where the circumstance took place to ‘Barra Crags,’ a spot about a mile from the nest I visited. Now, in the previous year, 1885, a pair of Merlins (Falco esalon) bred at Barra Crags, and the young birds and parents were all captured as detailed in Mr. Thompson’s note. Fortunately these birds were preserved, and I have seen them in a case at a gamekeeper’s house in Harbottle. The female shows hardly. a trace of the slate colour exhibited by an older bird, and might be mistaken for a Kestrel by an inexperienced observer. Mr. Thompson at the time I knew him was suffering from a weakness which no doubt clouded his memory, and he appears to have mixed up the circumstances relating to this pair of Merlins with those relating to the pair which bred at Linnshiels Loch, of which I recently gave the history in the ‘ Naturalist.’ His note, too, men- tioning the Dotterel (Eudromias morinellus), no doubt refers to the Ringed Plover (4¢gialitis hiaticula). Before I left Harbottle in 1886, I furnished him with a list of birds I had observed during my visit. Amongst others I mentioned the Ringed Plover or minged Dotterel, but he appears to have added the word ‘common’ on his Own responsibility, as I only met with two pairs. I was very pleased to see a very nice increase in the number of breeding birds of this species on my recent visit. I think there must be quite twelve pairs now. I noticed four nests containing eggs. Amongst other birds, I also noticed rather more Redshanks (otanus calidris) in the neighbourhood than in 1886. I picked one up dead, which a hawk had struck. The skin of the neck was badly torn. A keeper remarked to me that, let a new pair of birds, moderately conspicuous in plumage or habit, take up their residence in a neighbourhood where they were previously unknown, one of them was sure to be killed by a hawk. I also picked up a domestic pigeon, wounded in the neck in a similar manner. Readers of the ‘Naturalist’ will remember an article on ‘The Birds of Upper Coquetdale,’ which appeared, I think, in 1885, from the aaa, of Mr. John Cordeaux. In some subsequent articles in the March 380. 84 WHITLOCK: NORTHUMBERLAND BIRD-NOTES. ‘Field,’ he mentions the Dunlin (Z7inga alpina) as a bird likely to be found breeding in or near the Cheviots. I am pleased to say I met with three pairs and found two unfinished nests, from one of which the female ran with uplifted wings. Another bird I was rather surprised to meet with was a single specimen of the Oystercatcher (Hematopus ostralegus), which rose from a large bank of shingle It was doubtless an accidental visitor from the coast. Common Sandpipers (Zringotdes hypoleucos) were very numerous and breeding early. I noticed that in laying they often took an interval of rest before the full clutch was completed. It is, I believe, generally — an egg is laid every twenty-four hour: mongst the smaller birds the Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), Coal Tit (Parus ater),and Redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus) were fairly common. On the other hand, the Pied Wagtail (JZotacilla lugubris) and Grey Wagtail (AZ. medanope) were much less numerous than in 1886; the latter, I am sorry to say, was quite scarce. The Dipper iCianies aguaticus), too, had decreased in numbers, no doubt owing to the severity of recent winters. The Pied Flycatcher (Muscicapa atricapilla) is still represented by a single pair. It is remarkable that they do not increase, as they are rarely molested. I saw a single individual of Ray’s Wagtail (MZodacilla ratt) at Alwinton, and close at hand I nearly trod on a Corn Crake (Crex pratensis). The latter species was very plentiful, and as the grass was short I had frequent opportunities of observing their habits. On one occasion I witnessed a desperate fight between two rival males, the female standing near, calmly looking on. I was pleased to see young Ravens (Corvus corax) in a nest, nearly able to fly. I have no doubt they would get off a few days _ later. Ornithologists will learn with pleasure that a large landowner in the neighbourhood has forbidden the destruction of Kestrels, and as the district abounds with nesting-sites this species should soon become common. A keeper related a curious anecdote respecting a pair of Sparrow Hawks (Accipiter nisus) which he had found nesting in a wood. He first shot at the female, but she escaped with a broken leg and flew away, as he thought, to die. In the meantime the male procured a fresh mate, but she was soon shot, and he himself shared a similar fate the same day. A day or two later the keeper passed the tree containing the nest, and to his great surprise off flew the wounded female. He was too astonished to shoot, so that, I am glad to say, she — escaped, as she did not afterwards return to her eggs. on the moors near Harbottle one evening, I came across a family of four newly-hatched Golden Plovers (Charadrius stuvialis). Naturalist, WHITLOCK : BIRD-NOTES FROM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 85 On examining one of them, I noticed it possessed an abnormal growth on the tarsus, in the shape of a long hind toe. Though the young birds were squatting only a few inches from the nest, I saw no traces of any egg shells. February 2nd, 1893. BIRD-NOTES FROM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 1892-3. F. B. WHITLOCK, sett Notts. THE past year (1892) has not been remarkable for any great abundance of any species of bird nor for the occurrence of many rarities. The most noteworthy visitors, perhaps, were a pair of Honey Buzzards (Pernis apivorus), one of which was shot at the end of July at Hucknall Torkard. It was a very clean and brightly coloured specimen, and had no doubt been blown over from the Continent by the strong east winds which prevailed during the latter part of the month. Its companion escaped. It will be observed that Mr. Cordeaux records a specimen in the Humber district about the same time. On the 29th October, House Martins (Chelidon urbica) were seen lingering in the suburbs of Nottingham. On the 3rd of the following month a Spotted Crake (Porzana maruetta) was shot near Beeston. They seldom linger much later with us. On the 5th two Snow Buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis) were brought to my house. They had been shot on the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire portions of the Trent, about Barton Ferry. I saw others a week later. The weather at the time was very mild, with light winds. At one of our local taxidermists’ shop I saw a beautiful variety of the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola). The primaries and tail were beautifully barred che silvery grey. It was an exceptionally fine bird in every respect. 23rd or 24th December a beautiful immature specimen of the Little Gull (Zarus minutus) was shot on the Trent in the borough of Nottingham. It is now in my possession. During the frost the following ducks were noted on the Trent :—- Mallard (Anas boschas), Wigeon (Mareca penelope), Teal (Quergue- dula crecca), Scaup (Fuligula marila), Tufted Duck (#: cristata), Golden-eye (Cl/angula glaucion), and Pochard (Fuligula ferina). On 11th January of the present year a Green Sandpiper (Helodromas ochropus) was shot in Nettingham Meadows. On 29th I saw a flock of ten Bullfinches (Pyrrhula europea), and a few Bramblings (Fringilla montifringilla), an unusual sight here. aed 2nd, 1893. vie March 189. 86 NOTES AND NEWS. The Council of the ce ig Society has awarded to Mr. J. G. Goodchild, F.G.S., the balance for this year of the Wollaston Nenation ph i caisblished “to promote researches isonet, the mineral structure of the ea poo< In various Parts of the Transactions of the Botanical peers of Edinburgh for the past few years are some valuable and interesting papers by Mr. Philip Sewell, of Whitby. One on ‘The Colouring Matters of Le owers ’ appeared in 1888 in Part 2 of Vo ; and in 1889 an elaborate ou botanic collection made on the coasts of Lapland and of the Yugor Straits (N. W. Siberia), during the vo — h oo r’ in 1888, appeared in Part the s volume. The latter paper inc summarised list of all the species known from the Islands “Sf Novaya Fentivs and Waigatz, and from the North Coast of Western Siberia. —— Poot One of the ae of Carex collected by ry Mee Sewell at Vardce is described by Messrs. C. B. Clarke and Arthur Bennett as new, with the very suitable name of Carex Seatne A figure of the Peet rs given as a plate. The 19th volume _ Ng Edinburgh Botanical Society’s Transactions, published in 1891, contains a of papers by Mr. Philip Sewell of Whitby. The first deals with th Use of Sphagnum Moss in th e Open-Air Gardening in the iviera,’ more especially as adopted i nbury’s garden at La Mortola The seco pee consists of ‘ Observations upon the Germination and Growth of Species of Salvia in the Gar f Thomas Hanbury, Esq., , at La Mortola, entimiglia, Ttaly," the notes made during a period hs during th winter of 1889-90. The last is ed ‘ Observations aL uN g the ae oes wef hos Ipes engage and deals with the subject from a climatological po Yorkshire ue oles rtunate in being able to claim so preransre and pe an aakiectee r SO! . Dulau & Co. have lately sy (8a) ‘eettea the ‘ Annals of — Geology, i801. “edited by Mr. J. F. Blake, M.A., F.G.S., President of the Geo ologists’ Asso Geologists will hail with pleasure this sec ae Y otia it is t be t Vm that its author may continue to produce a similar years c as the usefulness of such volumes, both he working student, amateur or professional, can scarcely be exagger: A hor aie y several improvements and alterations have been made on the first volume further states in his preface aa the quality a the tied 9h which this piiblica ibe s yet received is more grati than the quantit the con has been done i he w divided under seven heads, viz.:—General Geology, p 1-533 S tatigraphical ralogy, 243-2553 Petoney,. 25 -313; Economics, 314-330; aps an with a final i s than 40 papers aE hy the mh Woe the following authors, amongst others :—Prof. Williamson, ; Messrs. J. W- F.G.S. (sev veral), J. G. Goodchild, and others (on an Pp the Gat of Mallerstang Fad di se ee ugh, Rev. E. M. Cole, B. Holgate, E. Jones (Elbolton Cave), H. Speight, J. F. Blake G ine, W. Cash, J. Spencer, Thos. Tate, A. pf dge, hers, nine of the ing papers area in ‘ The Naturalist.’ The work a also ill ted by seven plates and ma — ~~ to notice o istak che re oes Naturalist ’ appears organ of the bhi Geolog. and Pol OCs d of the Yorkshire Haetaw Union. pase cr ‘pook ey all students of Geology. Naturalist, 87 ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS FOR 1891-92. LEONARD BUTTRESS, Grove Rectory, Retford. Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. In 1892 the last flock was seen May 28th, and the first on October 15th. Wind E. Daulias luscinia. Nightingale. First heard singing April 25th, 1892. Wind N.W. Phylloscopus sibilatrix. Wood Wren. First seen on Gringley Common, on April 15th, 1892. On the 29th, Mr. Cordeaux saw several in the forest beyond Hardwick. May 28th, four or five in full song in the forest near Clumber. From May 3oth to September 27th, Wood Wrens might be seen every day in the park plantations (Grove). Locustella nevia. Grasshopper Warbler. May 2nd, 1892. E. strong. One, singing, near Grove Moor. On July 7th, I saw a young Grasshopper Warbler, just able to fly. Parus ater. Coal Titmouse. April 19th, 1892. Building, in a small hole, in an ash tree in Castle Hill Wood. Sitta cesia. Nuthatch. November 27th, 1892. One in Grove Park plantation. Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. April 16th, 1892. I saw two, on the river at Eaton, with several JZ Zugubris. Sept. 24th. Mr. Cordeaux this morning saw a pair of immature White Wagtails on the roof of an outhouse in his garden at Eaton. Lanius excubitor var. major. Great Grey Shrike. A male of the variety formerly known as Pallas’s Grey Shrike, Z. mayor, was shot by a keeper at Wheatley, on Nov. 27th, 1891. Its stomach contained the remains ofa large beetle and shrew mouse. Coccothraustes vulgaris. Hawfinch. This species is exceed- ingly common in the woods and plantations here throughou the year. Chrysomitris spinus. Siskin. May 28th, 1892. S. To-day, while driving with Mr. Cordeaux in Clumber Park, near the Apley Head Gate, we came upon a small flock of Siskins, feeding in the tops of some larch trees. Acanthis rufescens. Lesser Redpole. January 11th, 1892. Snow. One, in a flock of finches at the moat (Grove) ; and about this date Mr. Cordeaux saw one at Retford. On May 31st the nest of a Lesser Redpole, with four eggs, was taken in the grounds of the Grammar School, Retford. March 1893. 88 BUTTRESS: ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. Acanthis flavirostris. Twite. March 24th, 1892. One, near Retford. Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. A male was obtained r Retford, on February r2th, 1891 Garrulus glandarius. Jay. A flock of twelve or more in Castle Hill Wood, on April 16th, 1892. Alauda arborea. Wood-lark. Seen, and heard singing on Gringley Common, May 8th, 1892. Caprimulgus europzus. Nightjar. A female shot near Headon, October 16th, 1891. July 11th, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux heard many in the forest, near Osberton. Iynx torquilla. Wryneck. May 6th, 1892. N.E. On the edge of the forest, near Ollerton. Alcedo ispida. Kingfisher. November 2nd, 1892. One, in a garden, at Retford. Buteo vulgaris. Common Buzzard. One, passing N. at Grove on January 6th, 1892. Falco peregrinus. Peregrine. In the earlier part of June 1891, a female was obtained at Laxton, having struck at a wooden decoy pigeon. Falco zsalon. Merlin. An adult male was seen by the keeper, near Castle Hill Wood, about July 12th, 1891. Another male was seen by Mr. Cordeaux at Babworth, about Feb. rst, 1892. Querquedula crecca. Teal. Two couple on the river at Eaton. April 2nd, 1892. A male, shot at Mattersey, October 27th. Fuligula cristata. Tufted Duck. August 24th, 1891. Old birds with young, on Clumber Lake. On April 26th, 1892, a pair on the river at Eaton. May 6th. N.E. About twenty pairs on the lake at Clumber (Nat., 1892, p. 186). May 21st. \ A pair, at Eaton. May 28th. S. About twelve pairs, just below the lake, on the river at Clumber. June 27th. About forty males counted, at one place, on Clumber Lake. — serrator. Red-breasted Merganser. Feb. 11th, . A female, shot near Retford. i ne cenas. Stock Dove. A great many pairs breeding in hollow oaks, in Grove Park, as usual. Turtur communis. Turtle Dove. About May 25th, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux heard one at Eaton. June 17th, a pair in the Grove Park plantation. On June 18th, another pair was seen at Lady Wood, near Grove. July 7th, Turtle Doves nesting in Eaton Wood (Cordeaux). Naturalist, BUTTRESS : ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. 89 Porzana bailloni. Baillon’s Crake. On February 13th, 1891, the bird-stuffer at Retford showed me a small Crake, which has since turned out to be this species. It had been obtained at Bolam, near Retford, a few days before, and appears to be the first specimen recorded for the county. Rallus aquaticus. Water Rail. About May 2rst, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux heard the note of a Water Rail in a thicket near the river at Eaton. Fulica atra. Coot. Pair swimming with young on the river below Clumber Lake, on June 27th, 1892. Charadrius pluvialis. Golden Plover. Several black-breasted specimens shot in the Idle valley during the autumn of 1891. April 16th, 1892. Flock of about thirty near Eaton. October 22nd. Forty or fifty with Lapwings at Eaton, very noisy. Phalaropus fulicarius. Grey Phalarope. Oct. 2oth, 18or. One, ‘in nearly completed winter plumage,’ shot on the Trent, at Holme, near Newark. Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. April 16th, 1892. About this date the keepers saw several in the woods and plantations ; and some evidently bred. April 22nd, one in Spring Wood, Grove. Gallinago ceelestis. Common Snipe. On March 16th, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux wrote that there were Snipe, in pairs, in the meadows, near the river at Eaton. On April 2nd there were several in the same place ‘ drumming,’ and also on the 16th. Gallinago gallinula. Jack Snipe. 1891. Abundant in a drain near Grove throughout January. On the 13th six were shot there. October 22nd, 1892, one, on the river near Eaton. Tringa canutus. Knot. One, in immature plumage, shot at Newark-on-Trent, on Jan. zoth, 1891. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. Two or three were seen every morning from July 2oth, 1891, until August 19th, at a pool near Gringley Wood. On one occasion only was one seen in the evening. Machetes pugnax. Ruff. On October 14th, 1891, Mr. Cor- deaux saw about a dozen—truff and reeve—fiying to and fro, over a partly flooded meadow near Eaton. Totanus hypoleucus. Common Sandpiper. April 3oth, 1892. One, at a stream between Sturton and Bole. July roth. One, flying about Clumber Lake. Tae March 1893. go BUTTRESS : ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. Totanus ochropus. Green Sandpiper. On Sept. 26th, 1891, an immature female was shot at a pond, near Grove. Oct. 18th, 1892. N.E. One, near Retford. Totanus calidris. Redshank. On March 16th, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux wrote that there were three pairs in a meadow by the river at Eaton, very noisy ; and on April 2nd we counted about twelve pairs in the same place. By May atst, it was evident by the flight and call-notes of the birds, that there were young about. June 21st. I heard some calling this evening by the river Totanus canescens. Greenshank. On the evening of June goth, 1891, one rose from a pond near Gringley Wood, and flew down to the moat at Grove. Numenius arquata. Curlew. August 21st, 1891. Five flying over at Grove. September 3rd. Six more passing over S.W. August 1st, 1892. At 5 a.m. a flock of fourteen passed over at Grove. About September 8th, Mr. Cordeaux saw ten passing at Eaton, and on September gth five passed S. at arove. Hydrochelidon nigra. Black Tern. August 27th, 1891. Two settled at a pond here this afternoon. Larus marinus. Great Black-backed Gull. September roth, 1891, sixteen passing here, seven in immature plumage. January 24th, 1892, fourteen passed over near Grove Moor, amongst them several immature birds. Rissa tridactyla. Kittiwake. July 12th, 1891, one flying over near Gringley Wood. December 24th, one on the river at Eaton. Mergulus alle. Little Auk. One was shot on the Forest, a few miles from Retford, on January 12th, 1891 (Zoologist, 1891, p. 194). Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe. On September 3rd, 1892, an immature specimen, with striped cheeks and neck, was obtained near Babworth Puffinus anglorum. Manx Shearwater. In the first week in September, 1891, one was caught alive by a collie dog, at Treswell (Zool., 1891, p. 428). On September roth, 1892, another was caught alive, at Belmoor, near Sutton, and brought in a basket to Retford, where it was killed and preserved. It seemed very lively, biting when a hand was brought near it. Procellaria pelagica. Storm-petrel. November icth, 1892. About this date one was obtained near Worksop, where it was preserved. ae Naturalist, gi THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD, LANCASHIRE. LISTER PETTY, Ulverston. THE part of Lancashire in which the accompanying list was made is the triangular portion which runs up between Westmorland and Yorkshire ; between Kirkby Lonsdale and Ingleton, and whose base is the Lune. The boundaries are, of course, those of the above counties until Greta Bridge is reached, when my line follows the river. Within this area, with elevations of 150 ft. to 2,000 ft., almost every variety of situation—that is, taking into consideration the surface geology—may be found, the highest points being the County Stone on Leck Fell, 2,000 ft. and Gragreth Fell, station), to Burrow Mill. Anyone seeing it from the bridge at Burrow would have an idea that the local proverb, ‘As rough as Leck Beck,’ was an attempt by our forefathers to malign the stream. It is true, nevertheless. Thousands of tons of stones have been carried down by the (at Burrow Bridge) quiet-looking stream. Large quantities have been used for building purposes, Leck Church, Vicarage, Schools, and many houses. Immense quantities still remain, intermixed with uprooted trees and shrubs at the sides of the Beck, and occasionally form long islands. From whence do all these stones come? Follow the Beck from Long Gill to Leck, and the reserve supply will be seen; besides this will be seen, on the fell « pot-holes’ from small to deep, fantastic devices on the limestone, and a perfectly dry, stony gill. Across the centre portion of the district runs the old Roman road (roth Iter of Antoninus), scarcely visible in many places shown on the ordnance map of 1850, but unmistakable in others. As usual, the line is perfectly straight, though now represented by a shady lane which is not.* Thr: lane is called in my list the ‘ Roman road,’ which, so far as I am at present concerned, commences near Collin-Holme, and runs out at Wandle Barn, on the Westmorland boundary. The railway station of Kirkby Lonsdale is in Lancashire, not more than a mile and * The best account I know of the Roman road is in Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. and Ches., vol. i., 1849, pp. 68-76, by J. Just, who mentions the variation of the Present lane from the line of the original road. Q2 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. a half from the town and half a mile from the county boundary. Only about half of the district above sketched has been worked over. ‘Treading in the footsteps of no predecessor;who has printed his list, the aim has been to make as few mistakes as possible. My thanks are due to Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill for confirmations in naming and many suggestions ; and to Miss Maudsley for specimens. Anemone nemorosa L. Below High Bank, Leck. On Roman road. Ranunculus hederaceus L. Side of stream near High Bank. Stream on low slope of Leck Fell; and other localities. Ranunculus Flammula L. Side of Leck Beck. Side of stream on Roman road. wanencnine acris L. Road-sides. Roman road. _ Fields about Leck. — repens L. Banks of Leck Beck and road-sides. Ranunculus Ficaria L. Road-sides; Leck, Cowan Bridge, Overtown. Caltha palustris L. Sides of Leck Beck. Side of stream on d Nasturtium officinale R.Br. Side of Leck Beck. Cant Beck ; and in many of the streams in the district. Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. Road-side, near High Lodge, Leck. Arabis sagittata DC. Ease Gill. Cardamine pratensis L. Banks of Leck Beck. Fields about the Green. Cardamine hirsuta L. Road-sides and _ wall-tops, Leck. Roman road. Erophila vulgaris DC. Amongst stones on Leck Fell (1,200 ft.). Cochlearia alpina Wats. Side of Leck Beck above Cowan Bridge. Sisymbrium officinale Scop. Road-side near Burrow. Sisymbrium Alliaria Scop. Road-side near Leck Villa. Brassica Sinapis Visiani. Road-sides and fields, Leck, Cowan Bridge, Overtown, Burrow. Capsella Bursa-pastoris Mcen. Road- and field-sides about Leck. Viola canina L. Hedge-banks near Hipping Hall. Viola sylvatica Fr. Banks of Leck Beck, in the copses. Viola tricolor L. Road-side, Overtown to Burrow. Near Yenholmes Hall. Naturalist, . PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 93 Polygala vulgaris L. Hedge-bank near High Bank; below Anneside (low slope of Leck Fell). Polygala serpyllacea Weihe, defressa Wend. High up on Leck Fell, beyond the highest farm. Lychnis alba Mill. Specimen forwarded to me by Miss Maudsley, of Cowan Bridge—near the Green. Lychnis diurna Sib. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road and field-sides. Lychnis Flos-cuculi L. Sides of Leck Beck and other streams. Roman road. On the fell, near Anneside. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Side of Leck Beck, amongst the undergrowth. Cerastium trivale Link. Side of Leck Beck. Stellaria media Cyr. On Roman road and other road-sides. Stellaria graminea L. Road-side near Leck. Stellaria uliginosa Murr. Side of a stream on Leck Fell, 900 feet, and other boggy stream-sides. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. Sagina procumbens L. Road-sides and field-roads about Cowan Bridge and Leck. Spergula arvensis L. Road-side near Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Montia fontana L. Stream-sides on Leck Fell and Graygarth Fell. Hypericum perforatum L. Banks of Leck Beck and road- sides. Hypericum quadrangulum L. Side of Leck Beck near Leck Mill. Road-side ditch top, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Hypericum humifusum L. Hedge-bank near Hipping Hall, and similar localities. Hypericum pulchrum L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Leck. Malva moschata L. Side of Leck Beck. Linum usitatissimum LI. One plant on road-side between Low Lodge and Hipping Hall. Geranium phzeum L. Road-side near Burrow, pointed out to me by Miss Maudsley. Geranium pratense L. Road-sides, fields, and on railway embankments from Hipping Hall to Yorkshire boundary. Geranium molle L. Road-sides near Leck, and other road-sides, but not (to me) so obtrusive as in N. Lancashire. March 1893. 94 PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Geranium dissectum L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. Road-side, near Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Geranium lucidum L. On the ‘skew’ bridge over the railway near Cowan Bridge. Walls about Hipping Hall. Geranium Robertianum L. Walls and road-sides, Leck ; Cowan Bridge ; Overtown; Burrow. Oxalis Acetosella L. Hedge-bottoms near High Bank. Banks f Leck Beck. On Roman road. Ilex Aquifolium I. Sides of Leck Beck. Road-side hedges and in copses and woods, about Leck and Cowan Bridge. Hedge, Roman road. Acer Pseudo-plantanus L. Cowan Bridge. Leck. Probably planted all through the district when occurring as trees. Many ‘bushes’ on banks of Leck Beck and hedges; possibly seedlings. Ulex europzus L. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road. On road-sides towards the Fell. Cytisus scoparius Link. Sides of Leck Beck. Ononis repens L. Railway embankment, between Cowan Bridge: and Yorkshire boundary. Trifolium pratense L. On Roman road, and road-sides and fields generally. Trifolium repens L. Roman road. Trifolium procumbens L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge ; and road-sides generally. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Banks of Leck Beck and road-sides and hedge-banks. No 7: filiforme L. so far as I have seen. Lotus corniculatus L. Banks of Leck Beck, etc. Common enoug Lotus uliginosus Schk. (Z. pi/osus Beeke). Sides of Leck Beck. Vicia Cracca L. Field-hedges near Leck. Roman road. Vicia sepium L. Near Leck, in hedge. Vicia sativa L. Hedge-bottom near Cowan Bridge. A few plants. Lathyrus pratensis L. Side of Leck Beck. Roman road. Prunus communis Huds. Side of Leck Beck. Roman road, hedges, and elsewhere. Prunus Avium L. Banks of Leck Beck, and trees in the woods. Prunus Padus L. In hedge, Yenholmes Hall to County Stone towards Burton-in-Lonsdale), with P. communis ; and in hedges scattered through the district. Spireza Ulmaria |. Side of Leck Beck. Hedge-bottoms, Roman road. Naturalist, PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 95 Rubus Idzus L. Wood near Park House. Side of Leck Beck, Roman road, etc. Rubus Chamzmorus L. Leck Fell, 1,800 feet. Recorded by Johnson in the appendix to his edition of Gerarde’s Herball, 1633, p- 1630, as ‘on Graygreth, a high fell on the edge of Lancashire ;’ possibly my locality. (Not found, so far as I know, in North Lancashire.) Geum urbanum L. Sides:of Leck Beck. Roman road and generally. Geum intermedium Ehrh. Seen once only, hedge-side between hoop Hall and Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Geum rivale L. Sides of Leck Beck. Roman road. Fragaria vesca L. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road and other hedge-banks. Potentilla Fragariastrum Ehrh. Hedge-banks near Hipping Hall. Near Overtown. Potentilla Tormentilla Neck. Roman road and other road-sides. Potentilla reptans L. Hedge-banks near Ireby, etc. Potentilla Anserina L. Roman road and road-sides generally. Alchemilla vulgaris L. Road-sides and fields about Cowan Bridge and Leck. Poterium Sanguisorba L. Banks of Leck Beck and in the pastures. Rosa arvensis Huds. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Park House. Side of Leck Beck. Pyrus Aucuparia Gaert. Roman road and in hedges and woods. Crategus oxyacanthoides Thuil. Hedge between railway bridge and Yenholmes Hall. Crategus monogyna Jacq. Roman road. Side of Leck Beck, etc. Seems to be the usual hedge form. Saxifraga tridactylites L. Walls at Leck. Walls at Hipping Hall. Saxifraga hypnoides L. Ease Gill. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. Stream-side near ‘High Bank and in many of the damp hedge-banks and stream-sides. Ribes Grossularia L. Side of Leck Beck. Hedges near Hipping Hall. Ireby. ibes rubrum L. Side of Leck Beck. Hedge, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby Lonsdale Station, in fruit. . Sedum telephium L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. Road-side near Ireby. March 1893. 96 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Sedum album L. Walls about Leck, no doubt introduced. Sedum acre L. Walls at Leck and Ireby. Sempervivum tectorum L. On roof of an out-house at Collin- Holme. Callitriche (stagnalis Scop.?) Stream near Hipping Hall. Epilobium hirsutum L. Road-side ditch on Roman road. Epilobium montanum L. Road-side near Leck. Circza lutetiana L. Copse, side of Leck Beck. Road-sides, frequent. Sanicula europza L. Amongst the undergrowth, side of Leck Beck. Under the trees near Anneside on Leck Fell. Ease Gill. Apium nodiflorum Reichb. Stream, side of Roman road. C&gopodium Podagraria L. Side of Leck Beck above Cowan Bridge. Conopodium denudatum Koch. Banks of Leck Beck, and road-sides and fields Myrrhis Odorata Scop. Road-side near Leck Church. Side of Leck Beck, near Leck. Overtown. Road-side at Ireby, plentiful. Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Side of Leck Beck. Heracleum Sphondylium L. Sides of Leck Beck and in the fields. Daucus Carota L. Side of Roman road. Hedera Helix L. On Roman road, and on trees, hedges, and walls. Sambucus nigra L. In hedge, Roman road. Sides of Leck Beck and in hedges throughout the district. Viburnum Opulus L. Hedges on Roman road. Sides of Leck Hedge, road-side to Kirkby Lonsdale Station, etc. Lonicera Periclymenum L. Hedges, Roman road and about Leck. Hedge near High Bank, the highest point I have seen it here, circ. 650 feet. Galium Cruciata Scop. Roman road. Galium verum L. Hedge-bank near Todgilber. Side of Leck Beck near Leck Mill. Galium Mollugo L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Road-side past Yenholmes Hall. Galium saxatile L. Hedge-banks near Cowan Bridge, and generally from Roman road up to the Fells. Naturalist, PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Q7 Galium palustre L. Side of stream on Roman road and side of Leck Beck. Galium Aparine L. Near Cowan Bridge. On Roman road and generally. Asperula odorata L. Park Wood. Sherardia arvensis L. Amongst stones, banks of Leck Beck above Cowan Bridge. Valeriana officinalis L. Roman road. Scabiosa arvensis |. Sides of Leck Beck; and meadows. hedge-banks and road-sides. Bellis perennis L. Common everywhere, to high on the fells. Achillea pariealguie L. On Roman road and road-sides and fields, commo Se skntharaiisy. Leucanthemum L. Roman road and generally in fields and road-sides. Tanacetum vulgare L. Very abundant about the beck at high end of Ire Tussilago Farfara L. In the copse, side of Leck Beck ; and road-sides, common. Senecio vulgaris 1. Roman road, common. Senecio sylvaticus L. Side of Leck Beck and amongst the undergrowth. Senecio Jacobza I. Roman road and other road-sides and fields Senecio aquaticus Huds. Side of Leck Beck. Arctium minus Schk. On broad grassy verge of Leck Beck above Cowan Bridge, and on road-sides. Cnicus lanceolatus Hoffm. Roman road and marginal sward of Leck Beck Cnicus arvenis Hoffm. Banks of Leck Beck. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Jogging Bridge. Centaurea nigra L. Roman road, etc., common. apsana communis L. Romanroad. Road-side near Ireby. Crepis virens L. On walls and hedge-banks about Cowan Bridge and Leck. Hieracium Pilosella I. Road-sides and hedge-banks about Cowan Bridge and Leck. Hieracium boreale Fr. Road-side between Overtown and urrow, Hypocheris radicata |. Hedge-banks and walls about Cowan _ Bridge and Burrow. April 289 4893. G 98 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Leontodon hispidus L. Road-sides about Cowan Bridge and Leontodon autumnalis L. Bank of Leck Beck. Taraxacum officinale Web. Road-sides and fields, common. Sonchus oleraceus L. Hedge-bank near Hipping Hall. prereset latifolia L. Roman road. Road-side near Over- Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Westmorland boundary. Co nue mn pee L. Side of Leck Beck; near Yenholmes Vaccinium ne L. With Rubus Chamemorus on Leck Fell. Vaccinium Myrtillus L. Leck Fell and many hedge-banks. Calluna Erica DC. Leck Fell. Graygreth Fell, Erica Tetralix L. Leck Fell. Erica cinerea L. Leck Fell. Primula vulgaris. Banks of Leck Beck; Roman road; near Burrow. Lysimachia nemorum L. About sides of Leck Beck. Fraxinus excelsior L. Banks of Leck Beck. In hedges and many isolated trees. eles palustris With. Side of a back-water of Leck Beck, urrow. iyosces arvensis Hoffm. Road-side near Ireby. Grass-road at Low Gale. Myosotis versicolor Reichb. Side of Leck Beck and other stream-sides. Calystegia Sepium R.Br. Hedge near Overtown Solanum Dulcamara L. Side of Leck Beck. -Verbascum Thapsus L. Fell Lane, near Leck (Miss Maudsley). Linaria Cymbalaria Mill. Walls at Ireby. Linaria viscida Moench. On railway line, from Cowan Bridge to Yorkshire boundary. Plentiful in the six-foot. Scrophularia nodosa L. On Roman road. Road-side near Hipping Hall. Road-side between Todgilber and Ireby. Mimulus luteus L. Margin of a back-water of Leck Beck, near Burrow. Digitalis purpurea |. Roman road and other road- and field- sides. Veronica arvensis L Field-roads and wall-tops, Leck and Cowan Bridge. lid darn ere Naturalist, PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 99 “iuepeiew serpyllifolia L. Roadsides. Cowan Bridge to Kirkby ale Station. 1,800 feet on Leck Fell. | ae Officinalis L. Bank of Leck Beck, below Cowan Brid ge. Veronica Chameedrys L. Romanroad. Banks of Leck Beck and road-sides. Veronica Anagallis L. In the stream near the Green. In the stream that divides the counties (Lancs. and Yorks.) near Stainderber Barn. In stream between Hipping Hall and the Bar (it has no name that I could find). Veronica Beccabunga L. Side of stream, Roman road. Side of Leck Beck. 1,600 feet on Leck Fell. Euphrasia officinalis L. Banks of Leck Beck. Leck Fell (not gracilis Fr.) and road-sides. Bartsia Odontites Huds. Road-side near Kirkby Lonsdale Station. Pedicularis palustris L. On Leck Fell, near Anneside. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Roman road. Fine specimens in some of the hay grass—too fine to please the farmer. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Various localities on Leck Fell. Mentha hirsuta L. Sides of Leck Beck. Grassy bank of Ireby Beck. aus Serpyllum Fr. Banks of Leck Beck and upon the Nepeta beac tae Benth. Banks of Leck Beck and hedge- ban eaaies, vulgaris 1. Roman road and fields and road-sides. Stachys Betonica Benth. Roman road and other road-sides. Stachys sylvatica 1. Copses about Cowan Bridge and Leck, as often outside as in them Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Road-side, Overtown to Burrow. Lamium purpureum L. Roman road. Teucrium Scorodonia L. Sides of Leck Beck and in almost every lane. ‘ Ajuga _— L. Near High Bank. Sides of Leck Beck. Roman ro Plantago fee L. Road-sides and fields, Leck, Cowan Bridge, Overtown, Burrow, Ireby. Plantago media L. Roman road. Cowan Bridge. lantago lanceolata L. Road-sides, Cowan Bridge and generally. Ppril 1893. Ioo PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Chenopodium album L. Road-sides and rubbish-heaps about Leck. Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus L. Fell Side; High Bank; Low House ; Leck; all outside houses. Road-side, Jogging Bridge to Yenholmes Hall. Polygonum aviculare L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge. Polygonum Persicaria 1. Road-sides, Leck, Cowan Bridge, Yenholmes Hall. ins t + esenge 5 7 go is 6 Fellowship of the Entomological Society of Ir. Geo. C. Dennis, of York, and Mr. William Lond Tiakewedae, of | Hoeaceh: near Among those recently elected to to the privileges of F.G.S. are Mr. W. Gregson, of Baldersby, near Thirsk, and Mr. J. W. Stather, Secretary of the Hull Geological Societ n ‘Nature’ for oes 5th, 1893, Pr Prof, a A. Herdman propounds the outline of a scheme for what will be a very pt series of handbooks (on the pee of the British Floras—brief, terse, diagnostic), of the British iyi Fauna Would that this was carried out in such branches as Ent tomology as The fi ag ibaa de pores oie ‘Wild ig me | by eg: Chapman and Walter J. Buck which (p. 249), bea ars oO ohn P. Thomasson contributed to the * Naturalist’ of Des. ie ne ‘One nie aweny deserves passing remark—the pcs small number of eggs laid in ‘the south than is the case with many of the e species further dosti In Spain, = of the warblers =“ only four eBe* 5 ; ke Blackbird, as a rule, but three, and these much b d than at hom Pong The new ih, re bon vibe pert of the WV ovkshive Geological and Polytechnic Society contain e brief notes by Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.G.S., on ‘ The Oy Flamborough Distnuge ties We fear that this will be the las st, for the s valuable contributions to the Glacial geology of East Yorkshire. Mr. ugh is now on aes aff of the Geological Survey, and is stationed in the ok of the Isle of Ma pone We have pleasure in calling attention to the List of ‘Plants of sie District,’ by our valued contributor, Mr. Lister Petty, of Ulverston, which occupies page ges 63-66 of Atkinson’s *‘ Guide to Grange and Arnside.’ The plants are enuine ated under their respective natural orders, the com e ‘ Other matter of interest to pans in the Guide book is a chapter for anglers, ibe Guide itself is well illustrated, has a good map, and is calculated to be of value to visitors Is om 8 to which we l the publisher’s attention, and that is the absenc y date of publication. We trust that new editions, as they are successively pach Pe will be dated, and so add value to the book and its conten Naturalist, € 115 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. BIRDS, 1890. THE present instalment has been compiled and arranged by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. The previous Ie tetet lp of the Bibliography of fiiedy have appeared as follo For 1884—in Natali! sbi and April 1885, pp. 185-200, ntinued in May 1885, ,, 223-227. » 1885— if epee aber 1886, ,, 260-272. » 1886— ‘ May and June 1889, i PAGES, “4 Lon ei August and Sept. 1889, ,, 249-270. > 1888— ug June and July 1890, ,, 177-198. Apriland May 1892, ,, 121-136. Sept. and Oct. 1892, ,, 281-291. The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are the following, as named and numbered in the Meee scheme :— 53, Lincoln S.; 54, Lincoln N.; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby; 58, Cheshire ; 59, Lancashire S. ; 60, 1 aweadiire we or, Your S.E..- 62, York N.E.; 63, York S. W.: ; 64, York Mid W.; bs ¥ ork N. W.: 66, Durham ; 69° Weithumbertand Ge, Cheviotland er West morland with Furness ; 70, Caatitend ; and 71, The remarks prefixed to the Bird-bibliography for ses ‘site’ in the ‘ Naturalist’ for May 1889, p. 145) are equally applicable to the present instalment. 93 1889— ANon. [not signed]. No Re &., gecsansea Durham. List o Don o the um fat : from August roth, 1888, fr 8 Ist, ie (Fringed iypoenas shot on Leazes (H. A. Innes); Corvus a Nunnykir ee Noble); Yes ridibundus, ee of the year, Hebburn reservoir (Jas. S raheceets Syrrhaptes Peradoxus killed at Cragside (Jno. — coe pied Tu trdus merila shot at the Felling, at 1888 (Re Haythornthwaite); a alpina shot at Holy Island Ue BD. Walker); Colymbus spon nals s there (H. C. Swan); Stercorarius pomatorhinus shot 7 at Prestwick Car - E. Beck); five C Cotcchramin Sacer Se tee Besutont (A. Robson) ; Certhia shot at Woodburn (Edward Newton); two Loxia curvirostra shot at Winlaton (Thos. Thompson)]. Nat. Hist. Trans. i eeab. Durh. and Newe., vol. 10, part 2 (1890), pp. 312-313. ANon. [signed ‘T. D. (Friends? Retreat, Heslington-road, VYork)]. York N.E. [Zurdus musicus|’s in Februa: near York Field, Spiess 8th 1890, P ; ee ceemecoanad 1 ANox, [signed ‘ Secreta Lanc. S. Peaketh F Field Club [Sturnus vulgaris descentting a bedroom chimney]. me is March 15th, 1890, p. 29. 2s 189: 116 BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. Anon. [signed ‘G. H. B. (Hyde, near Manchester) ’]. Cheshire. racine of Plover [ Vanellus et shad i Eggs [about Hyde they are decreasing]. Field, April 19th, 1890, ANON, ey 'T. De (Yore)’ 7. epoca [ Turdus merula) eng og, oi ay nest of Thrush [( 7: wzszc mS rk]. Field, May 3rd, 1890, p ANON, att Ww. Laac, Se | Sheldrake [ Zadorna cornuta| and Great Spotted Woodpecker [ Dend ee major) near Liverpool [on banks of Alt, and at Blundellsands, Oct. details given]. Field, cine 7th, 1890 52. Anon. [signed § E.C. (Lilburn Tower, Northumberind) ot Cheviotland. —_ ant Risser oa hicus| nesting in a Silver Fir [at Lilburn Bb nan old nest of Co/umba perenne ¢ vield, June 14th, 1890, p J ANON. ~ = Yor ic wa - Elles: Sc hool, Harrogate [at oat Bd hag 3; young Zurdus prone i noted}. N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p. amet [not signed Derbyshire. J. ys keth [excursion to Monsall conn 23rd May; egg of Crvclus peel N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p. ANON. [not signed]. York S.W. and N.E- E cts from an Ornithological Diary [for 30th March ag d Ap ee Be ; Galina caelestts and Linota a ore ta oe bets liffe ; Z. Aiaria round ds]. ., June 15th, 1890, p.96- ANON. [signed ¢ Bae a Westmorland A Swallow [s species not stated] caught on a Fish-hook [near Miller Bridge, Ainbleside} Field, June 23rd, 1890, p. 979. Anon, (signed ‘ FOUN OP ? Notts. Sparrowhawk [dc ccipiter nis caught by a Locomotive [of Midland express on its way to London from Nottingham, June 14th, 1890; within a lew days a Perdix cinerea caught by an engine on the same line ; tocalities not given]. Field, June 28th, 1890, p. 979. Anon. [signed ‘Constant Reader ’]. York N.E- Woodcock [Sr agg ig el caught in a Vermin Trap [at Kilburn, Hambledon Hills, r Thirsk, be A young bird, evidently eure there]. bse July aoth, 1890, p. Anon. [signed Ae erbyshire- Thrush ge vik anaes roofing its nest [at Pinxton, sesleneid Field, Aug. 30, 1890, p. ANON. rip si ned]. Lanc. enketh Bos ’ Field Club [notes on Parus cerulens, Locustella, Ph one — 7% Me Brock Valley near she om sorry arn phragmitis (nest at ankey)]}. « He Je Sepeagthy 18 Cumberland, pails: Lanc. S. and W., Notts, Anon, [editorial]. York Mid W. and N.E. igrant Table, 4, 1890 [giving dates of arrival of 28 species of field, Peakerh, Preston, Raw doi 1, York, and Wigton ; poe ges ape shown 3. special remarks on Crex, C, cee aad Miranda ee ey. p. 15th, 1890, p. 117. ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. [Birds observed on an] Excursion to the Mull Hills [Isle of Bann 24th May, 1887 ; . Rahs trotle in numbers]. Back Trans. J. NHS.) © 117; ook. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1 eee Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 18go. Lig ANON. [not signed]. sono motes s of Books e Surnames and Place Names of the Isle an. By A. W. Moore ‘with ag Te references 2 nidification 4 Faleo oa egrinus and Corvus corax Maughold’s Chair; and to ‘garee vreck’ is as the Manx name ee He a ostr pat Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oc ANON, yan si R. mE pape between Magpie Like rustica] and Rat [ina cepa near ee of Mai, “described n Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890, oF ety ip » a - a Arrival of Wild Geese [(4xser drachyrh ewe * the Woite Sep. 25th, 1890 ; and flock is 38 seen 27th]. Field, Oct 1890, p. 501 ANON, (signed ° Beacons hs North miberland sil Durham. a ae cma ting in Northum sac teas tated ; Corvus corax, i Aubtlate arquata, Phaslaney, en rosea, Cinclts Motacilla » pes oni Phyiloscopus sibilatrix, Sylvia atricapilia, Turdus mez ula, Fringilla ds, Syrntunme aluco Columba enas, Mascica apa at ricapilla, s, Galli 2 ent colopax, Dendrocopus major crave ori trochilus, P. rufus, Locustella, Ciara dacropn phragmitis, Cotile, Sylvia hortensis, Muscicapa grisola, Garrulus, Sylvia cinerea, Turdus — Asio otis, and Captian referred to]. Field, Oct. 11th, 1890, p. 538. ANON. [signed ‘ F. W. H.’}. Linc. N. Buzzard Sagas tak roe - oom opese [one shot near Kirton-in-Lindsey “the other , 3 feet across ~ s; in the second note, igen justifies himself for killing on bird}, Field, Oct. 11th, 1890, p. 538, an Oct. 18th, p. ae wed by severe aha by M. G. Watkins, iela, Oct. 25th, 1890 Port ANON, [not signed]. York S.W. igrant Returns [from Ackworth ; giving ie a Cuculus, Crex, Chelidon, and Hirundo). N.H.J., Oct. 15th, 1890, p. aie seed * Ed.?}. Durham, tnal Migration of Birds [with footnote as to Wirundo rustica seen he Annette -on-Tyne, Noy. 10th, 1890]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 746. ANON. {not signed]. No: — S., Cheviotland, and Durham. mo e late Je ohn Han of Newcastle-on-T i refer Lotanus glareola, erp " ciaorv-velte ts, Fuligula cristata, sgh ma oe met pel asain "and Syrrhaptes). Zool. ,Dec. 1890, pp.441-447. Anon. [not signed]. York N.E. [Alcedo a are) ng ores nting Ayton School Grounds, ee 2g very tame owing to the inclemency of weather (Nov. 24th, 1890)]. N. H. J., Dec. 15th, 1890, p 65. Henry F. ALLison Linc. N. Great Grey Shrike {Lantus excubitor) and Peregrine Falcon [Falco Sag fe! in Lincolnshire [at Grainthorpe Fen and Tothill Wood, near uth, respectively]. Zool., March 1890, p. 106. FLA Linc. N. re bate: [oto alpestris] in — at North Somercotes, Feb. 11th, 1890]. oi ae i oc ag : S, er [Accedo si flying into a House Se : Phos near seen Newark, Sep. 7¢ = 1890}. Zool., Nov. 1899, HENRY F. ALLIso: Linc. S. Swfnch (Coe sore vuigaris| in Lincolnshire [at Beckingham near ___Newark ; shot down by gardeners]. Zool., Dec. 1890, p. 465. and see : also ‘Gardeners’ bgp crvacta . (863), 389, 1 Hite gs to Seen perhaps, Some st , which at exposed t Highgate, where slugs and snails are pee: ai was not visited by man * S. P. Woodward, ‘ Manual,’ ed p.'12. *C. R. Straton, ‘ Nature,’ xliii. (x8¢0), 9. 5 See note, signed E. H. R,, referring no doubt to the great grey slug (Limax maximus)— “the first time I g one of my hives I mistook it for the tail end of an adder’ —in “Science ce Gossip,’ 1882, pp. 237, 262. * See, for r instance, ‘ Wood’s Field Naturalists’ Hand ; J. E. Harting (on the erat grey slug (Limax maximus), ‘ Zoologist,’ (3), 11, vaeee "a7, a aH. H. Higgins (on the ig Linax marginatus), Address to iy a Naturalists’ Fila Club, Jan. 30th, 1891, Pune AS Wood, ‘ Iilustrated Natural History,’ ii’. (1863), 407 May 1893. 148 KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. In the same wood, also, I have repeatedly seen slugs about excrement, which they doubtless find in a similar manner; and on om seen iesing together at the same spot. According to Major Becher, slugs are always to be seen, in damp weather, at excrement on the road-sides in the Maltese Islands, ' The yellow slug (Zimax flavus), Mr. W. A. Gain has shown, is very fond of cream, and readily finds it out; so that milk standing for cream in cellars or dairies frequented by the slug has to be well protected.” As noted by Dr. Binney, this slug makes its presence disagreeable in cellars also ‘ by insinuating itself into vessels con- and flour An o rw on slugs,’ which, in three days, ate every vestige of it.# A remarkable assemblage of slugs and snai/s about some hen- -COOPS, the food- ‘pans of which contained barley-meal, was described in ‘Science Gossip’ in 1867. e Seebonely favourable state of the weather on the evening in question, which had followed an unfavourable period, probably helps to account fe the very large numbers stated to have been seen; but that the animals were attracted by the barley-meal, as suggested by the observer, can hardly be doubted :— n the 11th of May of the sree year [1867], I was witness, with seven extraordi and disgusting sight. Snails, with and without shells, —chiefly the long black snail— ground. The whole family was called out to witness it, and it was soon found entrance to which was about ten yards distant from the coops. A further search sities not quite so abundantly infested. The day had been showery, and it followed thoi Salt wi profusely applied, and the dead bodies were shovelled up next morning. eee these creatures attracted by the barley-meal? What sense led them to the coops?* 1 E. F. Becher, ‘ Journ. of Conch.,’ iv. (1884), 232. 2 W. A. Gain — 1889, p 3% A, Binney, ‘Ter trial Air retin Mollusks of the United States,’ ii. (x85), 36. + J. S., ‘Gardeners > Chelate, P- 343- 5 L., An Invading Army of ween : Sent Gossip,’ 1867, p. 215. Ge tans Naturalist, i KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS, 149 Fresh-water snails, also, sometimes congregate in good numbers round substances of which they are particularly fond. I remember having seen common pond-snails (Zimunea peregra) clustering upon fish-heads, etc., which had been thrown into a dirty little stream near Louth ;* and a large gathering of Zimnea stagnalis which had come together to feed on an old newspaper in a pond on Chislehurst Common, ‘so that for the space of about a square foot nothing else could be seen,’ was described a few years ago in ‘Science Gossip.’ , snails.*| While some plants remain quite untouched, it is often found to be nearly impossible to grow others unless the strictest precautions are taken. us, a writer in the ‘Garden’ in 1884, dealing with the cultivation of alpine plants, remarks that while he had never seen a slug eating or even ona plant of Ramondia pyrenaica and gentians were never much attacked, the creatures on the other hand were always ‘voraciously set’ on Aster alpinus, about the most vigorous of all the plants of a genuine alpine character. The next most difficult plant in his collection to keep from slugs was Phlox divaricata ; and some of the delicate Campanulas, he added, such as Campanula zoyst, it was next to impossible to keep.* foreman of the Herbaceous Ground in the Royal Gardens, Kew, as Mr. J. Burtt Davy informed me in 1891, found it almost impossible to grow Mutisia decurrens (a Chilian composite which climbs by means of tendrils) because it was so eagerly devoured by the slugs, plant had been grown by the wall of Museum No. 1, and had flowered well, but it had been protected by a thick layer of cinders all round the roots. Farfugium grande is another food-plant which ' “ Naturalists’ World,’ iii. (1886), 62. T. D. A. Cockerell, ‘Science Gossip,’ xxi. (1885), 211. Bivalves, which have to assem) Be In a similar manner, have been credited with nea power of peor food ai distance. The skull of a fox, placed ina ditch to. soak (the 0 bserver inte nded to clean a ity found, after four da n wards bari were counted, and we number on the whole skull . could not have been far alae of two Message Unless ithe creatures were the ditch, the observer remarked, t have efron a a distance to. enjoy ‘the treat.’ ee R. L. King, ‘Pistdium pusillum attracted | by the amas of a fox,’ ‘ Zoologist,’ iv. (1846), 1266.) * All the slugs of this c country belonging to t robs ceo and Agriolimax, I believe, feed reds. on the leaves of phanogams, so sea a great extent ap Se gn ; those of eons rere ang genus (Liwaxr) nore ever, subsist mere pcos on lichens, fungi, The tree-sing (ZL Te decee cos laiton, ot n by Saisie: carried out by Mr. Gain, is yw most gen om robably uae sp Raa * See G. eS London's ‘ Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ iv. (1832), 530. * J.C. L., ‘Garden,’ xxv. (1884), 206. May 38 1893. 159° KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. apparently possesses great attractive powers. Some years ago in greenhouses in Germany, Mr. G. K. Gude observed that it was constantly attacked, the young leaves and shoots being always eaten in preference to all other plants growing in the houses, which latter, consequently, escaped undamaged. In other houses, how- ever, where no Fazfugiums were kept, the slugs nibbled indiscriminately at many kinds. Beds of crisp lettuce and cabbage and rows of winter celery are resorted to by great numbers of slugs,’ and dahlias m Mr. T. Baines, a well known and experienced gardener,’ it certainly seems clear that the creatures are able to detect the presence of the flowers at some little distance :— have often observed that a slug will travel over the surface of a pot in which is growing a Dendrobium site a Calter, ends be of sinpilas upright plant, for a score of times without ever attemptin head of the plant— unless it is in bloom, in which case they are certain to find their way straight to the flowers ; after which they will descend, and return to some favourite hiding- place, often at the opposite end of the house, returning regularly every night to feed on the dainty dish, unless measures are taken to cut short their career. + Observations of a. surprising character have been made also by Mr. Robert Warner, F.L.S. When no other way to the orchids is open to the creatures, as he stated in 1880, ‘they crawl up some plant or rafter, and by means of a glutinous matter which they. exude from their tails they let themselves down to the spikes.’ * In 1889 the observer assured me that he had actually seen many little sings suspending themselves by slime-threads from the rafters, ‘descending on the spikes’ of the beautiful Odontoglossum t in pots surrounded with water, had been lost. It can hardly be ' supposed, I think, that Li slugs, having tried to approach the flowers in the ordinary manner by crawling over the pots and stems and finding themselves intercepted by moats of water or collars of cotton-wool, would deliberately ascend the rafters for the purpose of lowering themselves to the spikes. This would certainly require 1 T. Baines, ‘Garden,’ v. (1874), 20 2 Shirley Hibberd, ‘ The Amateur’s ~_ lower sare, 1884, p * For memoir and portrait of Baines, see ‘Gardeners’ de . s.), iii. (1875), 180. KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN CAREROT EE I5!I greater mental activity than can be reasonably looked for in the Gastropoda. We can well imagine, however, that, having once detected the presence of the flowers, the creatures would instinctively endeavour to reach them, and observers familiar with the use of slime-threads by slugs will understand that individuals happening to crawl along the rafters until immediately above the spikes would be likely, in reaching out towards them, to relinquish their hold and become: suspended upon threads which would be gradually lengthened until the spikes were reached. Some of the plants thus specially liable to be sought out and eaten are effectually protected, it is significant to note, by the presence of other plants or substances the attractive powers of which are still greater. This fact is well known to gardeners, etc., who commonly practise a system of ‘ counter-feeding.’ Thus, small heaps of buckwheat-meal were placed near them. Crops of young carrots in frames and rows of dahlias in the open, it is stated, escape when young and tender lettuce-plants are thrown down near : for when slugs can get lettuces ‘ they invariably leave everything else.” So great is the benefit derived in this way that it is even found worth while to plant lettuces amongst ‘choice things’ which are usually much attacked.2 When about to plant out a bed of dahlias, as a well-known gardening author states, it is advisable to plant the whole piece with lettuces first; and, he adds, ‘as long as the lettuce lasts the snails and slugs will not touch a dahlia.” A writer in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ many years ago, stated that in a very bad slug season he once covered a fifteen-acre wheat field thickly damage would almost certainly have been done. As stated in 1846, many fields of oats, etc., were completely destroyed by slugs in that year and had to be ploughed down and re-sown with tares or barley.’ A farmer at Harmondsworth, in 1842, is said to have had cart-loads of turnip-leaves scattered over his wheat land, and forty women employed to shake the slugs from the leaves in the mornings took no less than twenty bushels of them upon forty-two acres in three weeks. s ts C. C., ‘ Garden,’ xxv. (1884), ' Casdaneey Magazine,’ xvii. rank 35; and see also xxix. (1886), 297, and ‘Garden, vii, (3873) 464. * Shirley Hibberd, ‘The Amateur's Flower Garden,’ 1884, p. 285+ * J. Trimmer, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1844, Pp. 44 503-4- ® ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1842, p. 56, quoting the ‘ Merthyr Guardian.’ May 1803. 152 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. It is interesting to notice, also, that gardeners, who are generally much better acquainted with the wonderful food-finding faculty possessed by slugs and snails than are most malacologists, regularly put down favourite food-substances in order to cause the creatures to assemble in given spots so that they may be readily collected and destroyed. Cabbage- lettuce- and turnip-leaves, pea-haulm, orange- peel, sliced apples, beet-root, potatoes, carrots, turnips, swedes, or wurtzels, brewers’ grai ran, bran soaked in greasy pot-liquor, stale bread or bran soa akedé in beer, oat- barley- and buckwheat-meal, dead slugs, bits of fat meat, milk, strong smelling stale beer, or beer mixed with vinegar, beer or porter sweetened with sugar, lard or rank butter spread over pieces of board or tile, etc., are among the various ‘baits’ recommended by gardeners. Cabbage leaves thus used are sometimes warmed and greased,' or, as stated by Loudon, they may be rubbed over with the bruised bodies of recently killed slugs.* The creatures are found to assemble, often in large numbers, round some or all of these substances, so that in the opinion of many ardeners or gardening authors the putting down of such baits and the collection of the ‘vermin’ therefrom by lantern-light at night-time is one of the best ways of keeping the numbers of the animals within bounds. In Nicholson’s ‘ Dictionary of Gardening,’ for instance, we d the use of baits recommended as one of the most effectual remedies which can be directed against the ravages of these pests.” distance. The promptitude with which the crushed body of a slug is generally found and preyed upon by two or three of its fellows has often been remarked upon.* Pea-haulm, as Loudon remarked, ‘forms a powerful attraction’ ;° and the strong smelling rind of an orange, according to another writer, is a great temptation; as many as six slugs having been caught on one piece at a time.’ One gardener, who used slices of swede turnip as a bait, stated in oe 50 that he had thus secured no less than 9,096 slugs and snails, in ten days, on about a quarter of an acre of garden ground; the second morning’s collection alone yielding 2,056.7 By baiting with cabbage 1 See for instance Tate's ‘ Land and Freshwater Mollusks,’ 1866, p. 76. 2 J. C. Loudon, ‘ Suburban Horticulturist,’ 1845, p. 98 * * Dictionary of Gardening,’ edited by G. Nicholson, A.L.S., iii. (x87), 142. + And see for instance, ‘Garden,’ xxix. (1886), 593. * Suburban Horticulturist,’ p. 86 ; and see also, as'to the oe of this bait, J. Wilmot, Trans. Hoek Soe., ii. ines 22-43; and R, Gilbert, ‘Garden,’ xvi. (1879 F. Dobner, ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ and April, 1887 ; ene es — as to the attractive eouan of gpa eel, Garden,’ xvii. (1880), 498, and xxiil, (1883), 21 ? T. Colley, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1850, p. 261. ‘ Naturalist, KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 153 leaves 1,700 slugs are said to have been taken in two days.’ One writer who had these leaves strewed over a crop of young parsnips, used a similar bait (savoy leaves) says that he destroyed 36,423 slugs at the leaves (besides 2,000 more killed incidentally) between 7th October, 1841, and zoth May, 1842. Bran is much in favour as a bait. As an observer remarked in 1880, slugs seem to ‘scent it from afar and troop to it’; he had seen from twenty to thirty assembled round quite a small heap;* and previously another observer had remarked that it seemed to attract the creatures from all quarters, so that small quantities put down as baits became covered with them, ‘often a complete mass.’* Brewers’ grains, perhaps, are even more attractive. As stated in 1878, slugs will come to a handful of grains ‘from all directions,’ fifteen or twenty Pp had kept an account of the number thus trapped —_ the season, which, in May, had amounted to about 13,000.7 In 1889, the creatures’ liking for grains, and in fact for anything soaked in beer, s a pdivoiinesbis distance to get it.’* Beer or porter sweetened with Moist sugar is said to be ‘an effectual trap ;’ and when exposed in gardens in small vessels about two inches deep, many slugs and Snails, it is stated, drown themselves in it.® A six-inch flower saucer, half-filled with skim-milk and filled up with water when the milk turned sour, left on the ground on one occasion for four days, was found to contain more than 250 slugs, from a quarter of an inch to two inches in length, all dead.” It has been suggested, among others by Mr. C. T. Musson, that collectors might resort to similar ? Daniel Harris, ‘ Garden,’ xxii. (1882), 410. * J. R., ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1846, p. 451. * Estus, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1842, p. 653. * E. Jackson, ‘ Garden * (1880), xvii, 34-5. % J. Huie, ‘ Garden,’ iy. (1873), 244. * J. Garland, ‘ Garden,’ xiii. (1878), 304 * G. H. W., ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ xiii. (1880), 598; and see also xv. (1881), 339. * J., ‘ Journ. of Hort.,’ wage XViil. (1889), 45 * J. S. Kenway, ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ ao p- 269. on C. Roath, ‘ Garden,’ xxii. (1828), 27 154 KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. means for taking shells, using meat, greased sheets of paper, boards, etc., as baits. Dr. Sterki has suggested that those who collect small shells (the small Hyadinias, Pupas, etc.) might usefully expose heads of sheep or other bones with open cavities as baits... Mr. Drummond, who was the first or one of the first to find Stexogyra goodallit in this country, used to obtain supplies of it from its original habitat by placing a few dead worms under a board on the surface of the tan of a pine-bed, and in this way numbers were induced to come together.” Marine gastropods, too, pi etc., often assemble in numbers round favourite food. As with slugs wii snails the extreme delicacy of their sense of smell praeis enables them to proceed towards it from all directions. As stated in Tryon’s Manual, the dog-whelks (Wassa) and sea-snails (Vatica) are able to perceive the presence of a decaying animal in the water from a great distance.* ‘This faculty in the common whelk (Buccinum undatum) is taken advantage of t According to Cérsted, great numbers of this mollusc and of the almond- whelk (/usus antiguus) are taken in the Kattegat in wicker baskets baited with dead cod-fish. The baskets are let down on a muddy bottom and are soon taken up half-filled with wanes.” On our own coasts various kinds of baited nets and baskets ly employed. The Grimsby whelk-fishermen, for instance, sink shallow hoa baited with fish-offal, in which, as Mr. Holdsworth states, ‘the whelks collect in large numbers, and are caught without any difficulty.” Another mode is to sink baskets, baited with pieces centre for the admission of the whelks.® Horse-flesh, also, is often used as a bait.?7 About Harwich trots or long-lines are employed, and when hauled up the snoods which are baited with shore-crabs, about twenty on each, are found covered with whelks.? These and other carnivorous molluscs are often taken in good numbers on long-lines baited for catching fish. Such lines, according to 1 'V. Sterki, ‘Conchologists’ Exchange,’ i, (1887), 67. 2 See Fleming’s ‘ British Animals,’ 1828, p. 266. 3 G. W. Tryon, jun., ‘ Manual of # Conchlog; ii, ret 118. hall * A good many 5 (Ersted, quoted by Jeffreys, * British Combe: iv. ns 289-290. * E. W. H. Holdsworth, ‘ Deep-Sea Fishing,’ 1874, p. 143, 7 J. C. Wilcocks, ‘ The Sea-fisherman,’ ed. 3, 1875, p. 215. * E. W. H. Holdsworth, loc. cit., p. 142. scpetonicerrteer Ne Naturalist KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 155 Woodward, are laid out at night near the coast and taken up next morning, or when used out at sea boats lay by for a few hours, and then take them up. Sometimes a bushel of whelks are found adhering to the baits of a single line. Some of the scarce Fus?, etc., have been obtained in this way.' Jeffreys mentions having received banks.? It is interesting to note also that these creatures, Buccinum, Nassa, Natica, etc., often find their way into lobster-pots which are baited with fish or other animal matter. No doubt they are attracted, as Tryon states (of assa), by the smell of the bait. At Bognor, Sussex, as Mr. D’Urban informed Woodward, Matica alderi and JVatica catena are frequently found in the lobster-pots, ‘which they enter to feed upon the bait.’® At St. Margaret’s-at-Cliffe, on the Kentish coast, as mentioned in Lovell’s ‘ Edible Mollusca,’ many of the lobster-pots when drawn up are found to be baitless and full of whelks.6 Many other marine gastropods, doubtless, are taken at baits in various parts of the world. ‘The ‘ purple-fish’ of the ancients, as mentioned by Aristotle, was allured by putrid substances, and approached a bait of that kind ‘as having a sensible perception of it at a distance.’7 In Mauritius ground-lines baited with pieces of the arms of cuttle-fish aré, or were at one time, laid down in deep water for the purpose of attracting olives, etc. As Mr. Broderip wrote in 1825, ‘it is the amusement of the place to watch over the trim apparatus of lines hung over some sand-bank to tempt the various brilliant species of O/’va which there abound, or to wait for the more rare approach of the harp-shell, till the rich hues of its inhabitant are seen eg ons the clear blue waters in the rays of a tropical rising su results in many of the above cases, some will perhaps be inclined to argue, are likely to be largely accidental. Many individuals, of course, both of terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, even supposing them to be quite incapable of scenting or detecting their es * Woodward’s ‘Manual,’ ed. 4, rep. 1890, p. 140, and see W. C. Hey, ‘ Naturalist,’ x. (1885), = 3. © Rea 1. - logy,’ i. (1862), Ixxv., and see also p. xxx $i jo8e Loudon’s ‘M at. Flist. ie pds vies 408 ; ‘ British Conchology,’ i. (1862) 1 lix: ; Wilcocks’ ‘Sea-fish wae 1875, p. 215. * Tryon’s ‘ Manual,’ iv, (1332), 18. ® Woodward’s ‘ Manual,’ ed. 4, rep. 1890, p. 140. °M. S. Lovell, ‘ Edible. eae: ed. 2, lear Pp. 193- * Taylor's ‘ Aristotle,’ vi. p. 135. = = a Broderip, ‘ Zoological Journal,’ ii. (1825), r99- 156 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. food at a distance, would be certain in many cases to find baits, and other favourite food-substances, during their wanderings by mere accident ; for in gardens and elsewhere slugs and snails often exist in immense numbers, and on favourable nights we see them crawling about in all directions ; whelks, etc., in like manner are probably very numerous On certain parts of the sea-bottom. Moreover, as Mr. Gain suggests, slugs and snails on going out to feed are often likely to devour the first suitable food they find, and to retire in the morning to the nearest refuge ; from which, in such case, they would from various starting-points, of course, would be likely to come across the same food; so that we can readily understand that a bait, for instance, exposed during several days in the same place, might ecome surrounded by quite a number of molluscs, all of which might have found it accidentally in the first instance. A similar con- sideration applies, probably, in the case of marine gastropods. Slugs, it might be remarked, congregate for shelter, often in considerable numbers, under pieces of board or tile placed on the ground as traps in gardens,’ and, similarly, snails collect in numbers in empty flower- pots. These traps, certainly, are accidentally found. It is worth mentioning, however, in this connection, that when Mr. Gain placed side by side, on bare ground in his garden, a tile affording shelter only, and another with orange-peel beneath it as a bait, only seven slugs (six garden-slugs, Arion hortensis, and one Arion circumscriptus) were taken under the former in three days, while the latter, during the same period, yielded seventeen (fourteen garden-slugs, one A7i0# circumscriptus, and two field-slugs, Agriolimax agrestis). This experi- ment, as far as it goes, seems to show that the bait was scented, and it cannot reasonably be doubted, I think, but that gastropods are able to scent or in some way perceive their food at least at a little distance. Otherwise, as it seems to me, and as already indicated, some of the will be remembered, in orchid-houses where slugs do not commonly exist in vast numbers. Bee-hives, I suppose, are hardly likely to be entered by slugs accidentally. As Mr. Nunneley remarked in 1834; slugs are soon attracted in numbers to favourite food ‘even when placed at some distance from their accustomed haunts ;’? and 1 See ‘ Garden,’ v, (1874), 201-2; viii. (1875), 306; and ‘ Gardeners’ Magazine,’ xviii. (1875), 114, 2 T, Nunneley, Trans, Leeds Philos. and Lit. Soc., i., p. 74. URE Naturalist, KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 1S] Mr. Baines found that the creatures seldom allowed many nights to pass before discovering tallow which he put down in _ places ‘where they were least likely to find it.’ A fact recorded by Jeffreys of Fusus antiguus seems to afford conclusive proof that that animal possesses the faculty of perceiving its food at a distance, for it is said to assemble in large numbers around a bait which is completely hidden and inaccessible : Quantities of the common ‘almond-whelk’ of dealers in shell- fish (Fusus pletely covered with stones, which are piled up like a cairn, partly to prevent the carcase being carried away by the tide, and also because the fishermen have a scruple about eating shell-fish which have been fed on much carrion. On the next turn of the tide the heap of stones is visited and the whelks are found on the surface in great numbers, having been apparently attracted by the smell of the bait, but unable to get at it.? Observations which have been made on various gastropods in captivity are sufficient alone, I think, to establish the fact that a faculty of the kind indicated is possessed by them. Swammerdam, in moving a little fresh food towards the snails which he kept for a considerable time in his chamber, found that they ‘immediately perceived it by the scent, and crept out of their little shells and came to it.’* Mr. James Hardy, in 1845, mentioned having seen a black slug, which he had placed in a jug, crawl forward ‘in a direct line to some raw. beef ;’* and I have seen various kinds of slugs— kept from time to time in glass-jars—approach their food in this manner. It is even said to have been shown, I believe by Moquin- Tandon, that slugs and snails—frequently seen to ‘proceed in a direct line tewards substances of which they are fond ’—will stop or change their direction if the substances are removed or put in a different place.* That the creatures often find food in captivity almost immediately after it is placed in the vessel in which they are kept, and much more quickly than could be the case if they found it accidentally, has several times been remarked upon. I have often noticed this in slugs. Miss Hele, who has kept many kinds of ‘ T, Baines, ‘ Garden,’ v. (1874), 201-2 * ‘ British Conchology,’ i. (1862), xxvili-xxix. * Swammerdam, ‘ Book of Nature,’ pays transl., p. 49- * James Hardy, oe iii. (1845), 10 ® See ‘ Ann. and Mag. Hist.’ (2), ix. aoe 155. _ ® Asmall piece of bread: placed at the bottom of a glass-jar, a eas deep, in which we Six marsh-slugs (Agriolimax levis),a young Arion ater, and a Limax ‘mus, was K in less than ten minutes by four of the marsh-slugs. The Tones did not caged to it in the f hour during which I rvation. The Arion had urbed rion was sulky. When the in, one of the marsh-slugs was in the Nathan ‘ol the jar, another on the oi about ecriieeg up, etd ee rest near the top. 89 158 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FUOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. snails, has mentioned that as soon as raw beef or mutton is put into the house in which a colony of AHyadlinia draparnaldi is living into the pans in which snails which feed more generally on plants are kept, she tells me, the creatures will always ‘ forsake cabbage or wild herbage at once and crowd to the lettuce.’ Dr. Baudon, who placed a piece of raw mutton of the size of a hazel-nut under a bell- glass in which he kept a large number of glass-shells ( Vitrina pellucida), observed that in less than five minutes those in the immediate vicinity quitted the leaves on which they were then feeding, and from all quarters they were seen marching on, so that the mutton became a general rendezvous. One which was feeding upon the remains of a cellar-snail (/yadinia cellaria), it is said, ‘abandoned its victim to satisfy the craving of a newly acquired taste.’ ” Mr. W. A. Lloyd, in 1865, mentioned that netted dog-whelks (Nassa reticulata) which he kept in a shallow tank usually remained buried in the sand quite out of sight; but if a piece of oyster, mussel, or meat were drawn over the sand, or even if it were touched ever so lightly with the feeding forceps, the points of which smelt of food, the creatures would appear above the surface in a few placed in the tanks, and these in a few minutes became completely covered with the molluscs. It was impossible, in fact, to introduce any animal substance, living or dead, into the tank ‘without these whelks smelling it, and coming up to see what is to be got.” Slugs, etc., it is well known, when they discover favourite food will often return to it many times. ‘Che regular return of slugs at night from their hiding-places, ‘often at the opposite end of the house,’ to feed upon the flowers of orchids has already been referred to. Mr. Sherriff Tye, as he informs me, has observed that in green- houses’slugs will return to the same place to feed night after night ; a slug or slugs, for instance, which he was never able to catch, and which probably retired to a safe hiding-place behind the greenhouse flue (only used in winter), ‘nightly ravaged about the fronds of maiden-hair ferns (Adiantum cuneatum), five pots, for four eye The return of slugs many times to feed on the colouring m atter some book-covers in a London publishing house is clearly diene 1 F. M. Hele, ‘ Science Gossip,’ xx. (1884), 115. 2 Baudon, ‘ _ des Moll. de I'Oise,’ 1862, as quoted by Tate, ‘Land and Freshwater Mollusks,’ 1866, 3 W. A. Lloyd, ‘Science Gossip,” 1865, 259-50. peer Ne Naturalist, KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS., 159 by observations recorded by Mr. E. Step, in 1883. The books were damaged, almost nightly, during a considerable period, and the slugs appear to have proceeded from time to time from secure hiding- places, for, though their slime-trails were often observed over the books and shelves, the animals themselves, which were carefully looked for, were not seen for about twelve months.! Mr. Gain has informed me that a yellow slug (Zimax flavus), as shown by its slime- trails, came nightly at one time to feed upon cream in his cellar, and it s the same kind ‘came regularly to a flour bag in which there happened to be a ue and, as he added, ‘it was only on my going to the bag one night that I found the slug gorging itself on the flour, although its slime-track had been observed fresh at intervals for upwards of a fortnight.* No doubt in cases of this kind the creatures are often largely guided by the scent of their food ; but the regular return of a slug to food which might possibly have been dis- covered accidentally, it must be noted, does not in itself necessarily imply that the food is scented ; for the creature may possibly rely upon its own trail or scent, or perhaps, wholly or in part, upon memory of direction and locality. The yellow slug which came nightly to feed upon cream certainly seems to have directed its course more by means of its former trails or by memory than by the part of the cellar it was found in the morning soit discon- solately’’ in the place where they had formerly sto The snail-slugs (Zestacelle), which feed chile on earthworms, and are said to hunt them underground, are presumably largely guided by scent. ‘ E. Step, ‘ Science Gossip,’ xix. (1883), 163-164. ® These cases have already been Sag ie awh m he Journal ; see p. 312 of the volume for Mr. iene mentions that fresh lea d lettuce, as he informs me), laid down from time to time in the asa that bes th ted might bi attracted to i and cAnED ts remained untouc Itish Pp for neither the grea’ gr ey sl e yell flavus), the kinds Most hkely to occur in a Theda \ idlaap hse: ating much gohcia I for beth leaves. f. Musson, Proc. Lin. Soc. N:S for 1890, (2), v. (1891). 893. Mr. Gosse has men- one that * Madibvadichisie S€a- saad Gat papillosa, maniets a kept in a aarge = of — along with man y kinds of narine a Seon returned pe it on being re: moved, sie on being ag: moved it ‘again returned, rien from a considerable distance’ (P. H. Gosse, ‘A Nitendo s Rambles on the Devonshire Coast,’ 1853, pp. 15-6). y by gastropods, . Naturalist,’ 1890, pp- 307-318. NOTES AND NEWS. ~ As oa pg PSS =i of Pabheo -on-Tweed, describes in ite! ‘joan of Botan ny’ f r Mar a new n e Alga, to —s he gives the name of a cecputione repost Aaldde he details on a pla doom The decease of the Rev. F. O. Mor orris, B.A., the Rector of Nunburnholme n the roth of a ebruary ts: at the ripe age of 83, removed from our midst a noteworth e. e was a prolific author on various natural history subjects, i i and ast of him appeared in the ‘ Graphic’ aud < Tlustrated London News’ soon the news of his dea oe By the death of Dr. B. Carrington, which took place at Brighton, on the 18 January last, British Hepaticology has lost one of its most accomplished cael joi . Mia At one time resident at Yeadon, ne as joint-author with Prof. Miall f ‘A FI f the West Riding of Yorkshire,’ published ut 2, of which he wrote the cryptogamic tosses or man ad been resident at Eccles, near Manchester, and was president of the Manchester Cryptogamic Society, a body which we fear Bi now defunct, although it was one of the most useful societies Manchester ever had. Carring n’s great work on Br epaticz was still unfinished at the time of his death, but it is hoped that our students of this group will take up and carry on the wo some form or other, as indeed we believe Mr. W. H. Pearson will do The Barnsley Naturalists’ Society have lost a warm friend and ever faithful supporter by the death of Mr. W. J. Lancaster, on the 6th of February last, at the e ai e gs er President. _ His interest in the Society can be said to have mcheealy ceased wit life, for under his will the Society received a bequest of £100, together with a valuable microscope and numerous objects We have received the 3rd volume of the ‘Transactions of the Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society,’ for 1891-92. From a ty pographical point of view the past reflects great oe on the town, as aun ens the literary and scientific matter it contains. rst paper is b re S. Smithson, who treats of Batr aehospermum and its life-history under the title of ‘Bead Moss.’ ‘Coal Smoke ursed upon by Mr. ‘f. Stenhouse, F.C.S., ‘ Rochdale i i h t Swedish of cme Hjalmar Stolpe, which is profusely illustrated. There are a a sone of articles in the volume which more directly come under our cognisance, being more distinctly local tie research. Mr. J. R. Ashworth treats in detail on the ‘ Seasonal yore bse ek Sonal - Spring Mill Reservoir’ and S. Platt gives ‘Some of the Recent Results of the Investigations into Local Bava itic ‘Blocks; ilinsteating spe y a map showing the position of Local Erratic Blocks. € proceedings and reports, which bring up the rear, show that the "Beete 5 is “ a healthy, active aa flourishing condition. g may it continue so! N Naturalist, Sn BWemoriam. WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS, M.A., F.S.A. THE death of the Rey. W. C. Lukis, which occurred at his residence, Wath Rectory, near Ripon, on the 7th of December, 1892, removes a familiar name from the ranks of Yorkshire archeologists, and one who will long be remembered with feelings of deep respect and esteem, not only in the county of York, where he lived and worked so long, but also by archeologists throughout the whole of Western Europe. His tall, erect, manly form, and genial countenance were well known for many miles around the ancient city of Ripon, and he was certainly one whose friendship it was a pleasure and a delight to claim. Mr. Lukis was not only an archeologist of great eminence, but he also possessed considerable knowledge of geology, botany, and other branches of natural history. He had long been an observant traveller in various parts of Europe, Africa, etc., more especially in the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Italy, and Algeria ; and his writings and researches show that accurate and intimate knowledge of those countries, which he acquired from careful personal investigations. The deceased gentleman was also an artist of considerable power and merit, as many of his works, illustrated by his own hand, sufficiently testify. He was born on April 8th, 1817, in the Island of Guernsey, and was the third son of Colonel Frederick Corben Lukis, by Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr. John Collings, of Guernsey. From his father, who was also an archeologist of some distinction, Mr. Lukis inherited a taste for natural science, which he pursued at Cambridge, under Professors Henslow and Sedgwick, and the writer has frequently heard him dilate on the benefits he derived from his connection with those far-famed scientists. He received his early education in Guernsey, afterwards in France, and at Blackheath, under the mastership of the Rey. Sanderson Tennant, whilst in January 1840, he graduated in honours at Trinity College, Cambridge. Twelve months later he was ordained at Salisbury, by Bishop Denison, and licensed to the curacy of Bradford-on-Avon (of which parish the late Canon Harvey, formerly private tutor to Prince George, now Duke of Cambridge, was then vicar.) In the year 1845 he Was appointed chaplain to the Marquis of Ailesbury, who also Successively presented to him the livings of Great Bedwyn, Wilts, in 1850; Collingbourne Ducis, Wilts, in 1855; and Wath, near Ripon, in 1861, which latter he held up to the time of his death, At Wath, Mr. Lukis was instrumental in restoring the a ey L 162 IN MEMORIAM—WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS. old parish church, repairing the rectory, and enlarging the schools. He also filled the office of Rural Dean for eleven years in Wiltshire and six in Yorkshire, Whilst resident at Cambridge, he was one of the earliest members of and contributors to the Camden Society, then newly formed; and when-living at Bradford-on-Avon, he published a quarto volume on ‘ Ancient Church Plate,’ and a few years later, two pamphlets on the necessity of looking into the condition of Church Bells, with a view to their preservation, and also the security of Church Towers. In 1855, the deceased gentle- man read a paper before the members of the Wilts Archzeological Society, which was subsequently published under the title of ‘An Account of Church Bells, etc.’ He was a frequent contributor to the journals of the Archzological Institute, of the British Archeological Association, and of other kindred societies. n 1847, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen; in 1853, a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, London; and in 1867, a member of the Société Archéologique de Nantes, at whose meetings he read papers which were printed in the Society’s Bulletin. In 1872, he was elected a corresponding member of the Société de Climatologie Algerienne. In 1875, he published a guide to the barrows and other prehistoric monuments of South Brittany, and contributed numerous reviews of archzological works to the columns of the ‘ Athenzeum,’ whilst from time to time he was a practical barrow digger in Wiltshire and Yorkshire. His first diggings were in the Guernsey Cromlechs, afterwards in Brittany, the Netherlands, and elsewhere. The Society of Antiquaries, London, published his scale plans of rude stone monuments, with descriptive text. In 1871, he read a paper before the members of the Ripon Scientific Society, of which he was long an active member, on the Maison de Dieu Hospital, at Ripon. He also contributed to the Yorkshire Archeological and Topographical Journal a paper on Anglo-Saxon graves on Howe Hill, in the parish of Burneston (North Yorkshire). In July 1874, the Royal Archeological Institute, in conjunction with the Yorkshire Archeological and Topographical Society, held meetings at Ripon, and visited amongst other places, Castle Dykes, near North Stainley, where Mr. Lukis read a paper, giving an account of the excavations and the relics which he, in conjunction with — Heslington, Sharpin, and Hebden, of Ripon, had act ther s also edited for the Surtees Society, Dr. William Srukéley’ s "Diaries and Letters, published in three volumes ; and when the Ripon Millenary Festival was celebrated, in 1886, he was Dslr Naturalist, IN MEMORIAM—WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS, 163 an active member of the committee which was formed to carry out the arrangements, and wrote an interesting paper entitled, *‘ Ancient Ripon,’ since included in Mr. W. Harrison’s ‘ Millenary Record,’ a beautifully illustrated volume, published in 1892. Amongst other works, the deceased gentleman was the author of ‘Danish Cromlechs and Burial Customs,’ ‘Certain Peculiarities in the Con- struction of Chambered Tumuli,’ ‘On Flint Implements found in Tumuli in A parish of Wath,’ etc., etc. - Lu who was a prominent Freemason, and a Justice of the Peace oe Wiltshire, married Lucy Adelaide, daughter o Admiral Sir Thomas Fellowes, who survives her husband, and b whom he had issue, nine children, two sons and four daughters only surviving, the second daughter being the wife of Mr. H.C. Bickersteth, J.P., of Ripon (a son of the late Bishop of Ripon). One son is in Waceste” ey the other in Ceylon, For a portion of the above yvens the writer is indebted to the ‘ Biograph and Review’ for July 18 hal sifted authoress, Katherine S. Macquoid, in her interesting volume, ‘ About Yorkshire,’ thus describes her visit to Wath a few years ago :— drove back to Wath and spent a pleasant evening with our hospitable friends (Mr. and Mrs. Lukis), who showed us the carefully restored Church, There is some curious Saxon sculptured work, there are also fragments of stone treasures of the Church ; there is a slit in the wall through which he could see the high altar and watch the light burning before it. The church doors were barred within by means of a wooden beam which, when not in use, slid into a hole in the door jamb ; it is therefore evident gait age secured the door must have dwelt within the buildin: ng. This view was not originated by Mr. Lukis, but he considers that it solves the puzzle of the cell ps "Tanteld (three miles from Wath), and that the method of securing church doors from within the building is a strong argument in its favour, There is also a curious double piscina in Wath church. It is to be regretted that Tanfield was not restored with the learning and reverence that have been shown at Wath A committee has recently been formed, under the chairmanship of Sir Reginald Graham, Bart., of Norton Conyers (which is close to Wath, and where the talented authoress of ‘Jane Eyre’ at one time resided), for the purpose of placing in Wath Church a stained- glass ee or some other lasting memorial of the late much €steemed rec ane reans of Mr. Lukis were interred on Saturday, Dec. roth, in the ancient graveyard at Wath (where he had laboured so long and my), in the presence of a large gathering of parishioners June 28. 164 BAe 3 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. and others from a distance, whilst letters expressive of deep sympathy were received from the Bishops of Richmond and Ripon,’ the Marquis of Ripon, and numerous other friends who were unable to take part in paying their last tribute of respect to the memory of one who was so ripe a scholar, so kind a friend, and of whom it may be truly recorded— He seemed the thing he was, a joined Each office of the social hou To noble manners, as the Sue And native growth of noble mind. BaLvErsByY, S.O., YORKSHIRE. W.. GREGSON. NOTE—MOSSES. Uncommon Mos r Market Weigh igh ef a hundred years ago Mr. 2 Teesdale acordad in the Transactions of the Linnean Reyes the: ‘eccurrence of Sys gown Yip ti (Hedw.) a at Beverley; last month I found a pat of it growing on the banks of our hee sed reservoir, thus giving it an additional: ocality as an ay "Riding —J. J. MarsHatt, Market Weighton, April 4th, 1893 : NOTE—BOTANY. Early and Late.—An instance of the freaks naar by the extraordinary. spell of hot spring weather was one noticed near Settle on en 12th April. My sister (Miss Thompson, of Settle) and I inspec’ ants by a cepa . oe ~ Va lley (Convallaria majalis L.), and discovered o: r two later we found a fine Snowdrop a Wake jail L \ i af a pee Diet van ip nile the crags. —F. ood, Notts, April 21st, 1893. bout ng this year many pias eat “owerng three weeks earlier than sual ‘Pe of Hawthorn was in flower the last week in April. was Ch estnut Sunday 3 in Bushey Park on April aout a thing which rete not happened for thirty years.—J. G. B NOTES—MAMMALLIA. ear Market Weighto on.—On March 21st, Mr. Dunhill and som fri rni Arr ar M they unearthed a fine old dog penta (Meles taxus), _— , after a very fierce pepe they succeeded in uring. The Badger weighed 22 Ibs.—J. J+: HALL, Market Weighton, March 28th, cde Badger in East Yorks e last week of March, aS Mr. Mactall, ra Cottam, on the high Wolds i in vie vedo hood of Dri Driffield, w : ear e the chase, joined in, and eventually there was a field of seven or eight. When: near the monument the strange animal turned and headed back to Cottam, where it fell a o the after a run of eight miles. The dogs were beaten off, a inct in part of the country. Thijs rare trophy of the chase has been sent- to a taxide: rmist to be stuffed—J, J. MARSHALL, | Market ight April 1st, 1893. — : 165 ADDITIONS TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF THE WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. ABRAHAM SHACKLETON, ann THOMAS HEBDEN, Braithwaite, Keighley. Cullingworth, In the ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire’ by Mr. F. Arnold Lees it is stated that the sum total of West Yorkshire Lichens amounts to 258 species, and, ‘compared with the known British species, the percentage of the whole is still far below that which the Mosses, Hepatics—and even the Fungi—show us,’ anid that ‘ West Yorkshire should, surely, nourish three hundred forms.’ Since the publication of that work we have conjointly worked at infrequent intervals, during short holiday excursions, a few of the more accessible districts of North West Yorkshire, chiefly in the upper. watersheds of the rivers Ribble, Aire, and Wharfe. We now offer this additional list, not as an exhaustive one, but as a contribution towards the whole. Those species found in a different drainage area to that mentioned in ‘ The Flora,’ appear for the sake of their geographical distribution, or if occurring upon a different substratum are also named. ; Doubtful. species have been referred to Dr. Nylander, of Paris, to whom we tender our sincere thanks for his kindness in examining such species. Forms new to West Yorkshire have an asterisk prefixed. Fam. I1.—COLLEMACEI. I. COLLEMEI. Coliema cheileum Ach. A. Cononley. Harden. *“Collema granuliferum Nyl. W. Bolton Abbey. *Collema polycarpon Scher. L. Clapham. A. Malham. WV. Grassington. Collema multipartitum Sm. L. Clapham. A. Malham, in fruit. Leptogium sinuatum Huds. W. Draughton ; the Strid. *Leptogium schraderi Bernh. A. Malham; Gordgle: Malham Tarn, on decaying limestone scars. June 1893. 166 SHACKLETON AND HEBDEN: ADDITIONS TO LICHEN FLORA. Fam. I1,—LICHENA CEI. Th GAEL ey ae euspora Nyl. (=Calicium septatum Leight.). . Bolton Woods, on thallus of Stigmatidium crassum. III. SPHAROPHOREI. Sphzrophoron fragile Pers. W. Grassington. IV. BAOMYCEL Icmadophila zruginosus Scop. (= Bcomyces icmadophilus Ehrh.). W. Strid. V. CLADONIEI. Cladonia pyxidata form. chlorophora Fik. A. Culling- turf. worth, on Cladonia macilenta form. polydactyla Fik. A. Sandy Lane, Allerton. ‘VIII. RAMALINEL *Ramalina fraxinea form. ampliata Ach. W. Bolton Woods. *Ramalina subfarinacea Nyl. L. Clapham. X. PELTIGEREI. Peltigera rufescens Hoffm. L. Clapham. XI. PARMELIEI. Parmelia borreri Turn. R. Stackhouse, Settle. W. Grass Wood. A. Malham. Parmelia conspersa Ehrh. A. Howden Rough, near Keighley. Parmelia mougeotti Sch. A. Riveoak Edge, near Keighley ; Harden Moor, near Keighley. Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. 0€ Geologists will welcome the beginning of the publication by the Geologie al Survey of the long- signees index-map’ on a scale of four miles to the in mong the sheets now y for issue is abet of East Vorlishire | (No. 6). while incorporating muc det Chet these maps ingularly clear, and the complete series will constitute by far the best Sistapleal map of England yet available. Oe In ‘ Notes and Queries’ for May 13th, 1893, Dr. J. A. H. Murray, of Oxford, ee Editor of the new standard English cat a 6 has a note as to the use of the ords ‘ crow’ and ‘ rook’ for nage TrUs: tlegus. He wishes to ascertain how far sed Dn Yorkshire, and Nort nco. toning tha Will. our fie ae the benefit ad their knowledge on this nee _—— — >< — —— ia address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Hertfordshire Natural wed —— by Jo ohn Hopkinson, FLL. S., F.G.S., € etc., the president, has eens rinted fro i r. Hopkinson, who “i el known in Soukehire, specially in Leeds, was the found Me this Society, and to him it ow mah of i ccess. address, which is a com- prehensive Besa of Darwin, his tife a and work, is Pose in clear rh ens and being interspersed with ‘aldose will be of interest to the general reader. RRR GE a At a meeting of the Entomological bigs of London which was held on the 1oth May, 1893, co L. C. Miall, F.R.S., communicated a paper entitled *“Dicranota: a Carnivorous Tipulid rptaling and the President ay Palle that the new Tikser yen soning which had been ge sie Mr. Champion, with the assistance of Mr. McLachlan and Dr. Sharp, paces ready for sale to the public at gs., and to the Fellows of the eee at (a copy. —POME-— e Naturalists of (Lincolnshire 2 are x aed ave an excursion at Mablethorpe on Monday, June 12th, for the purpose of investiga pete gs ~~ ee hen grote There is, per il me ny of the m prominent naturalists rs Lincolnshire and of some in Saag ag are connected with this excursion, n organised by Mr. Walter F. Baker, who may addressed at 18, Hyde vars, Leeds, by m0: one desirous of j 5a re the party. There is every Prbvemecns e of this meeting bein * ores succe d it is sincerely to be hoped es it will be the precursor o ar series a meetings for considering great natural Fo vantages ey colnshire concerning ik Wick it is surprising that so little appears. re have hitherto been done. ‘done. Naturalist, 173 THE BIRDS OF LANCASHIRE AND OF ESSEX. The Birds of Lancashire. By F. S. MITCHELL, M.B.O. yi ae Eaito, eal ee annotated by Howarp SAUNDERS, F.L.S iy with by R. additio: OWARD, and othe: er teak Bice Pora Tiinétrated. "abs pp. and ‘map. London : Gurney and Jackson. 1892. The mates of Essex. A contribution to the Natural History of es County. : Simpkin, Marshall & Co. Limited 90. : Ue well for the popularity of Mr. F. S. Mitchell’s ‘ Birds of Lancashire’ that a second issue should be called for after a lapse of only seven years. In the absence of the author from the country the task of editing the new edition has devolved upon Mr. Howard Saunders, who, we neéd hardly say, has made the best use of the new material placed at his disposal. s Mr. Saunders does not claim any special knowledge of Lancashire birds, he has naturally availed himself of the assistance of several well-known local ornithologists, his principal helper being Mr. R. J. Howard, of Blackburn, whose name appears on the title We have much pleasure in noticing the work in the current number of the ‘Naturalist,’ but as many of our readers will be already familiar with the details contained in the first edition, we propose therefore to confine our remarks mainly to the new informa- tion now presented n the original edition Mr. Mitchell enumerated 259 species as comprising the Lancashire avi-fauna. Owing to a curious mistake one species—the Cream-coloured Courser—has now been eliminated. On the other hand, five new species—Purple Heron, Sociable Plover, Wilson’s and the White-faced or Frigate Petrel, and Black-necked Grebe—have been added. Unfortunately the first-named has still no valid claim to be included in the county list, as the example noticed was obtained at Alderley Edge, a locality some distance within the Cheshire borders. The Sociable Plover and the Frigate - Petrel are both additions to the Lancashire and also to the British lists. The Plover has a curious history. It appears to have formed one of a group of. stuffed birds in a case examined by Mr. Mitchell, and identified by him as a Cream-coloured Courser, as recorded in his original yolume. Subsequent examination under more favourable circumstances revealed the fact of its being a no less distinguished Stranger than the Sociable Plover, a species inhabiting the south- eastern portions of Europe. The Frigate and Wilson’s Petrels were curiously enough both found dead, with many other birds, on the shores of Walney Island, within a few days of one another. Some viel ag may perhaps question the wisdom of including th, ein in a county list on the strength of a single example cast up °y the sea, but in our opinion no harm can be done so long as full, pas 1893. 174 REVIEW—THE BIRDS OF LANCASHIRE AND OF ESSEX. particulars relating to the circumstances are given, as in the present case. We owe the addition of the Frigate Petrel to the British list to the indefatigable researches of Rev. H. A. Macpherson, who has included a beautifully-executed figure of the species in his recently published ‘ Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland.’ Amongst other new notes we welcome the additional information relating to the various species of grey geese frequenting the Lancashire marshes, and also interesting items referring to the inter- breeding of the Pochard and Tufted Duck, and pinioned with wild Wigeon. On the other hand, further research is required into the distribution during the breeding season of the Chiff-Chaff, Reed Warbler, and White Wagtail, none of them rare species, but still worthy of the attention of Lancashire ornithologists, who we hope are not sitting down under the impression that, locally, nothing more remains to be done. It may be remarked that the Mealy Redpoll is still an absentee from the county list; though it is suggested that executed illustrations of the Black-throated Wheatear, Wall-Creeper, and Sociable Plover replace the coloured plates of the first edition. All of them are good, but the Wheatear is perhaps hardly sprightly enough for a Chat. The remaining wood-cuts are unchanged, and we think it rather a pity, in view of the recent improvements in mechanical photo-printing, that they were not discarded in favour of others more attractive. The book as a whole is very satisfactory, the binding good, and the type, except in the case of the map, clear. Ornithologists, especially those who require local information up to date, will find it a valuable addition to their book-shelves. Whilst writing on the subject of county faunas, it will perhaps not be out of Le ce to call the attention of North of England book treats of a district lying at some distance from our own areas we can only remark that Mr. Miller Christy has accomplished his task in a most complete and satisfactory manner ; the biographies of Essex ornithologists and the information relating to wild fowl decoys being especially interesting. For these chapters alone the the work is well worth reading.—F. B. W. Naturalist, 175 FORGE VALLEY IN WINTER. Rev. W. C, HEY, M.A., M.CS., Vice-President of the York Philosophical Society, West Ayton, near Scarborough. As I enter the portals of this deep cafion this December afternoon, I feel like one who steps at midnight into the silent aisles of some cathedral, which hitherto he had only visited when the sunshine was bringing out the rich colours of its stained windows, and the voices of the choristers, and the pealing of the organ, flooding its long vistas with harmony, For the silence of the winter woods is their most ee feature. Summer is full of sound,—chirpings of birds, ings of insects, swish-swish of the leafy boughs, while an lea a delicious murmur, like the sound of fairy kisses, fills the warm quick air. Now all is so still that I can plainly hear each single drip of a half- frozen rill, as it falls upon the surface of the river, and the faint creaking of a breaking larch-bough a hundred yards away, appears loud. The snow covers the sides of the ravine, steep though they be, and every tree-trunk, every branch, every twig, is brought out into dark relief. |The woods are seen to be not half so unfathomable as they appeared in summer, when layer upon layer of broad foliage extended between the top surface and the floor of the great green sea. I feel surprised at their shallowness, as one who, sailing upon a still sea, is startled to perceive through the pellucid water, the rocks and seaweed at the bottom. Here and there, under the trees, are seen little patches of dark green, plants of the spurge-laurel, tall enough to rise above the snow. ‘These, and a few withered oak leaves, alone vary the great study in black and white, which the dull, Silent, winter’s day presents. A week or two ago, many a wild-rose bush was tipped with coral ; spindle trees glowed with such pink and Orange tints (their splendid ‘puillodes), that one might fancy the dyes of an autumn sunset had been spilt among them, But, either the wild weather, or the fieldfares, have stripped the woods of all their jewellery, and they stand forlorn and desolate as a church which puritanical zeal has dismantled and white-washed. Yet this deep silence, this weird monotony, by its very vacancy tempts the imagination to people these solitary glades with their ancient inhabitants, and create sounds for the vacant ear. And thought can often prove herself richer than reality, for all the past of both fact and fancy is at her disposal. On yonder snowy ridge I 4 seem to behold a herd of reindeer standing, their forked antlers June 1853, 1893, be 6 NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA AND MOLLUSCA. sharply defined against the ashy sky, and a troop of wild hunters appear, armed with stone hatchets and flint barbs. Presently they are gone, both the hunters and their quarry, and the giant form of a mammoth, with curving tusks and shaggy mane, grows into their place. As the short afternoon turns duskier, I listen to the muffled footfalls of a pack of wolves, their dismal howlings re-echo from the rocky sides of the valley. Deeper and deeper falls the twilight ; a shivering breath of cold air passes by me and rustles the withered oak leaves. Is it really only a passing breeze and not some phantom of Death sweeping by on its awful errand? Yonder dark, ill-defined object might be only a stump bearded with lichens, or some mis- shapen dwarf of Scandinavian mythology, revealing himself thus late to the eye of a posthumous faith. Wandering on thus, lost in fancy, I am suddenly recalled to myself, startled for an instant into believing the creatures of my imagination have actually become corporeal and animated. For surely there is a real sound of rushing feet in the wood, this is a real wild cry ringing from the rock above. A rabbit, pursued by two dogs, rushes close by my feet, and explains the first sound ; the unearthly cry proceeds from a couple of jackdaws, returning to their night- roost in the ice-draped crags on high. NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. Melanippe hastata near Sheffield.—On the 15th inst. I came across several examples of this moth when ereng sumee h the Wharncliffe woods, tween Deepcar and Oughty Bridge. I do 2 at whether the species is widely distributed in Yorkshire or not, but a poe of fs ra urrence here may possibly be of interest to local entomologists. Two days before, I saw a female Orange Tip Fey cardamines) fluttering round a head of chatock in the same lo gol —CHAs. OLDHAM, Ashton-on-Mersey, May 18th, 1893. e took Melanippa hastata freely in the Wharncliffe 2s years ago, and the lo eality has long been known as one of the best West Yorkshire 2 of species, which, moreover, is widely distributed cataaninl the county.—G. aun NOTE—MOLL USCA. Six-banded Helix nemoralis at Adel near Leeds,.—I am indebted to my friend Mr. W. Howard, who a the head of the composing departm ment at Messrs. McCorquodale & Co. Limit rs nemoralts collected by him Niemen 4 at Adel : near Leeds, where there were scores cr yipee about the and on walls. There were examples of the vars. rs. lébellula rubella, of various paid Ouaa, the most interesting being the seldom-met- pet six y ful formul i var. /tbellula 123345. The bands coalesce towards the mouth but are perfectly distinct and unmistakable on the greater portion of the shell.—W. Duniso Roesuck, Sunny Bank » Leeds, May 2oth, 1893. Naturalist, > BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. THE present instalment has been compiled and ‘edited by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. The previous instalments of the Bibliography of Lepidoptera have appeared as follows:— For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,’ July and Aug., 1885, pp. 285-292. 18S6. 6,9; a Feb. and March, 1888, pp. 58-78. 1888, “ Sept. and Oct., 1890, pp. 279-299. 1889, ig May and June, 1891, pp. 157-165. ov - a ~ “ The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are the following, as named and numbered in the Miles sa scheme :— 53, Lincoln S.; §4, Lincoln N.; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby; 58, Cheshire ; 59, Lancashire S.; 60, Lancashire 4 . Of. ae Sui: 62, York N.E.; 63, York S. W.; ; 64, York Mid W.; 65, York N.W.; 66, Durham ; fy, Nosthiberland S.; 68, Sheviotlands 69, West- morland with Furness ; 70, Camberiend'< ; and 71, Isle o ANON [various observers]. > Derbyshire. Calendar of Nature, 1879 [near Burton-on-Trent: Vanessa urtica, Hybernia rupicapraria, H. Mts one Phigal ta, H. progemmaria, Tenio- campa gothica, T. stabilis, T. instabilis, T. ru ricosa, Preris brassicae, P. rape, Selenia iliunaria, Antictea baat, — . Spilosoma lubricipeda, tcranura vinula, Plusia gamma, Run Cette fepialus humult, Polyommatus 4 nthia albice * "A braxas grossulariata, é Abraxus ulmata, noted, with dates, but without localities except w Specified]. 4th. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. & Arch. So ., 1880, pp. 67-70. ANON, [various observers]. Derbyshire. alendar of Nature for 1882 [near Burton-on-Trent, giving dates ir Vanessa urtice (Ticket Arelia pane and Gonoptera libatrix). 7th A Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H., etc., Soc., fur year ending 31st March, 1883, p. te ANon. [not signed]. Lepidoptera of Burton on-on-Trent and Neighbourh alocera, 20 Sphin ges, 60 Bom bye es, 171 106 Geometre, 32 2 Pyraldes, and 12 Pte eeaene in the ees lation of South’s Entomol List, w is the standard adopted for arrangement and nomenclature ; 17 names oa cmunyiiees of information are poe Trans. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc., vol. i., 1889, pp. 114-138. IVER ter June 1893. 178 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 18go. Anon. [not signed]. Westmorland. Royal Oak —— [29th May ; wigs Author of ‘Troutbeck: its Scenery and Folk-lore’ (Kendal, 1876), says: ‘ The da ay is also a fatal ~~ for white butterflies [genus poner’ which the lads term ‘‘ papishes,” and hun to the dea th while variegated ones [genus mes fa continue . be syed King George's, and loyally admired te on . Note-Book and Nat. His Record, vol. i., part 6, June 1889, p. 255. ANON. [not signe m le of Man. oplar Hawk-Mot agg aaa: populi) at Ramsey, June 28th, and at Glencrutchery, peg June roth]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 3, July 90. ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. a Observations [in the Isle of Man; dates given for Pers rape, Polyommatus alexis, and Vunessa cardui]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, April 1890, pp. 161-162. ANoNn. [not signed]. Derbyshire. Penketh erSiatbes 23rd Pers to Monsall Dale; Anthocharis common]. N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p ANON. fet signed]. Yorkshire, Lanc., and Cheshire. Rev. The L geese of Lancashire and Cheshire, by Dr. J. W.- Ellis Tio which the records for Lancashire and Cheshire are re compared with those for sf orkshire in detail for the genus Actdalia]. Young Nat., 1890, pp. 157-158. jc ALS The Sallow Sis on of 1890 [at ekg apg ; Teniocampa rubricosa and T. gothica taken]. Ent., June 1890, p. F. W. A[NDREws]. Derbyshire. Calendar “ Cs yeh 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent ; date given for Ruma]. gth Ann. Rep. B.-on-Trent N. H. and Arch. Soc. for 1884, pub. 1885, pp. 23-25- J. ARKLE Cheshire. Gas-Lamp Entomology [at Chester; detailed ahead pasa by list of numerous lepidoptera captured]. - Ent., Feb. 1890, p. 61-65. J. ARKLE. Cheshire. Gas-Lamp Entomology additions to my list [ 7ortricodes h pa and ae pary, ganella, at Chester]. Ent., March 1890, p. J. ARKL a ae he Sallo ow Season of 1890. . Chester Miser sayin, ; Tan campa gothica, 7 stabilis, T: erta, T. crud vacilis (not mere Triphosa dubitata, Anticlea data conden pros ES, larvee of Xanthia Julvago (cerago)). Ent., June 1890, p. J. ARKLE. heshire. Crocallis elinguaria var. trapezaria (?) ee 20th August, ee from ager gas-lamp]. Ent., Sep. 1890, p. J. ARKLE. Cheshire. The Cheshire Plague of Caterpillars: a Myth [larve oT eally very scarce 3 ig vebagun ge alors, Hylophila bicolorana, Cabera pusaria, all scarce as larvee at Delamere Forest in August]. Ent., Sep. 1890, p. 293- J. ARKLE Cheshire. Notes on’ Tani campa opima [at Wallasey; life-history and habits described ; Nine sonaria, p ena virgata Sees) also mentioned]. Ent. , Oct. 1890, p. 307-309 its oo Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890, 179° J.A Captures f rom Gas-Lamps [at Chester, ieee 5th, 1890: Phibalapteryx ata, Coremia props ata, girs immanata, Rip i ono ali ,» Lnnomos iliaria a, sare Aime totalis, Noctua glareosa (new uk ring Chester), ‘Luperine testa, ws cespitis, Neuronia Popular, Anchocelis lunosa, mia trapest ‘No ctua xanthographa, 4 recia micacea, Porthesia “atitee, and Hepials humuli], Ent., Dec. 1890, p. 385. EUSTACE R BANKES. York S.W. Scoparia angustea [and io raoony' of emergence at Portland and Hudders- field]. E.M.M., Jan. : York S.W [Female Mottl ed Umber ce: defoliaria) near Sheffield, 20th Deel, N. H.J., March 15th, 1890, p W. B. 6 York S. WW, seeeraek York, Bootham, Natural History, &c., Club [4 bbeydale, Sheffield na Seascale et a ate Argynnis fle, A a N. H. ie Sep. 15th CHARLEs G. Wa ETT. Isle of Man. [Phycis subornatella Dup. bes Isle of Man, renee” Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., Feb. 5th, 1890, p. ii.; Ent., March 1890, p. 102; E. M. M., March 1890, p. > C. G. BARRE Lane. S. [Exhibition of = widely distributed Asiatic and African ae oe mutual taken . Gregson near Bolton, Lancs Proc, Mach ai sae p- vii. ; bee Nat., April 1890, p. 67; Zoo Asi > 149; Ent., April 1890, p. 141; E. M. M., April 1890, p C. G. Barrer. Durham or a N.W., Furness or ‘detens land, Bryotropha obscurella, H tish species ines en district (Sang) and Windermere district (Hodgkinson) . M. 1890, pori2; Pie c. Ent. Soc. Lond., April 2nd, 1890, p. xi. C. G. BARRETT. a s. and W., Cheshire, Furness. Deilephila galii in Lancashire and Cheshire [discussed in re: f the causes which bring about periodical abundance ; and stating that the vast is © be found somewhere on the san st coast from Llandudno to Grange ev ear]. E. M.M., Nov. 1890, p C. G. BARRETT. Lanc. S., Cheshire. Lepidoptera “upon pases Brcrne — —— = —- on; notes as to Agrotis cursoria, A. valligera, A. Triphena pro cag I. orbona, Xylophasia eran sei cle Caradvinn Cubic ein Melanippe hilace, Lubolia line geek Se permutana , Spelonota ates ~~ 2 rv on t Ns. S. yshire. "Spring Notes [from the Moors near Sheffi a : Fie. vacciniella and Nefpticula weaveri taken]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 6 J. Barry York S.W. Varieties of Arctia caia [bred from larve from Loxley Moor edge, near Sheffield ; variety ph lato Esk, Nov. 1890, p. 344. J. Bar York S.W. Autumn Notes. _Sheffield Be sr leg nanata, E. minutata, E. assimilata, sete hoxopteryx ramana (lactana), Coleophora ferent. urella, Lithocolletis roboris, L. salicicolella, L. fagine z femal L. emberizepennella, Cemiostoma scitella, Nepticula Ld age era, a . myrtillella in the larva state, and good plants noted]. Ran f aiag Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 251. June 1893. # 180 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. H. BAXTER. Lanc. W. Notes of the Season.—Lepidoptera [at St. Anne’s-on-Sea; Ovrgyia fascelina, Elachista argentella, Choreutis intl, and Leucania littoralis|. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 103. HoitMEs BAXTER. Lanc. W. Notes of the Seas St. Anne’s-on-Sea LL ecu messantella (Lytham), ee. ee A. pracox, Dictyopteryx holmiana, A. nigricans ies yet “ara Peronea aspersana, 18. JOHN Garp Durham. weered | Emergenc ce ee Acronycta leporina ; one emerged 4th June, Arie z found in 1888 at Cole Hill near Hutton Henry]. You 34- JOHN GARDNER. es bef sorte Pegr observed by] The Yorkshire abies Union n-Cleveland [12th July, 1890; Satyrus ja wie nony mpha oe mae “48 popahee oe Asthena luteata, A. can data, Saale alchemillata, ie Tanagra che piomoe ata, Hypena proboscidal Eudorea conspicualis, d ° r richness of the pg ba ae to eldrum’s = of Cerura rat Bt, T. Gress, Jun. Derbyshire, Notts. Calendar of Nature for 1882 [at Bretby, near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for Hybernia rupicapraria, H. leucophearia Seed oe Shrubs), Phigalia Sh ce, fiv > Brephos parthenias (Repton Shrubs), ntic “ib ertvata, A. ata, Melanip, e Se ee be coer, Cilix sina Coremia pihauan, . unidenta napt, nippe subtrista a et crepuscularia (the three i in “Bretby 1 Park), Athena blomerari: ia (00 ofies ood), Pieris napi, A kehas he Lycans pageale ora p in Y Parson s Brake) )y via, Campto: incata, Himerapennaria Rdecoesen gemina, Mianastrigilis, apr aabrtant Eon Jack pore: Agrotis e. ationis, Aplecta herbida, Miana fasciuncula, sac, LOT ana, Fp ming poesia Pieris brassicae, Abraxas grossulariata, 1 186 BIBLIOGRAPHY. : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. Chelonia caja, Cidaria dotata, pa rae ge HE eS Ur eget es sambucata, Larentia ae peers; Cidaria pyraliata, Acidal, ersata, ‘ala, cae trapesi cutulata, Boarniia pre wboidaria, we ua aU, - ene nnea Ypsipete cia, Plusia pecs ks gee eee Leucania apsttbid Mania pois m9 Za, anata, Apamea senea, Be see vophila po Gupaents peop Ce woonymipa an ph ilus, Scotosta dubitata, Caradrina eit cular. 45, — cttrago (Clumber larvze), Amphipyra a (Bretby Park), Caecum vetusta and C. exoleta|. 7th Ann. Rep. Burton-on- t Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc. for year cae au March, 1883, pp. 16-1 oe ae Junr. Be raaicrien: Calendar of Nature, _— ss Bretby near egies oe Trent; dates given for Aybernia rupicaprar , 4. progemmaria, Phigalia Bonin She fyb. leucophearia (Repton Shrubs), Vanessa ges. Piiied rape ye pton Shrubs), Zentocampa stabilis, T. instabilis, T. gothi 7ca, Anisopleryx @. bale ia. Anticlea badiata, Arctia lubricipeda, Pierts bri wassiCe J or axas ulinata (Hoof Wood), Emmelesia affinitata, Eup. vulgata, P op elanippe ata, Acronycta pst, bps ena blomeraria, ci daria ,silaceata, Ventlia ‘adena ), ma ria hepara (Repton Rockit Emmelesia albul tata ( Repion ocks), Vpsipetes impluviata (Repton Rocks), Melanthia albicillata (D Scotosta ne ests ie atalanta, Plusta gamma, and C anittébia: iat 8t ep. Burton-on-Trent N, H. & Arch. Soc., year ending 31st Dec. 1383, pub. T. Gipss, Jun. Derbyshire, Furness, ‘ York., pa ea of the Entomological Section [of Burton-on-Trent N. H. and rch. Soc., me ay ons the capture of paren. canting’ aria in Seal Wood, 1883, a d Repton Shrubs, 1884 own for near Windermere g- - odginson}, and near York we ots “9 m3 pe n. Hew. Burton-on- He 3 cs h. Soc. for 1884, publ. 1885, p ‘Se clots, Jn n.]. ci se of Natur = 24 is {at ee — es given for Hyéern euciphearia(Repton Sh bs), Vanessaurtice, Tentocampa stabilis, T. intablit, gothica, T. : pulett, eating: satellitia, Pieris napi (Bretby), Cidarz pies (Bret oe immanata (Bretby), Leucania lithargyria (Bretby ) Scop = luteal (Bretb y), Moctua xanthographa (Bretby), NV. rubi, 7riphena orbona, Hydr nictitans, Amp wedi os eae Scotosia dubitata, ot is wigrcans, ‘octua baja , Van otis s rides ph 2 aquilina, ple iy pe Ri ames ra br tee Xanthi i feugiat X, silago, Hf rect lia BY Og ire. encke he alendar of Nature, 1885 [near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for Hybernia leucophaear ia Hl. progemmaria, H. rupicapraria, Anisoptery* (R aprari nts ‘ escularia pton Shrubs), Scopelosoma satellitia, Teniocampa stabilts, cruda, T. oeulet ene vacciniz, 7. inst bilis, T. rubricosa, Vanessa rtice, Pieris rap ” Mata @ fluctuata, Lomaspilis marginata, aX ulmata, Cheimatobia faire Mileniags soctata, Corem pugnata, Asthena blomeri, Tep tundularia, kup. laric Pieris brassicae, Coremia unidentaria, Emm affinitata, Eup. ca — Atte ma: z, A z montanata, A Sarta, vata, Metrocampa, Aplect. ib wohodaies.- ‘Nola coo ont Eas rocampa stagnata Dade low), phe: repandata, Cidaria associata, Arctia caja, Natu ist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 187 Noctua augur, Leucania pallens, if Sener rae peo Boarmia gemmar ia, Larentia didymata, Cidaria dotata, Abraxas grossulariata, Ypsipe elutata, Xanthia citrago, Crocallis “Gy lvata, Scoparta ambigu iis, flepialu. leda, Odontopera, Ennis esta aeco. rata, hectus, Melanthia albicillata, Hep. lupulinus, Noctua plecta, clamationis, Lithostege grisealis, Cidaria silaceat : issata, Ephyra punctaria, Spilosoma menthastri, Ap a, Grammesia trilinea Xyli polyodon, a strigilis, Camptogramma bili se otosia dubitata, Ur YX sambucaria, na ina, wa anessa 10, z gamma, Triphena comes, Cilix glaucata, “Selena bilunaria, Noctua xantho- grapha, Scopula lutealis, Hydrecia nictitans, Amphipyra t ragopogonts, Vanessa cardut, Nonagria flies pea te dilutata, ‘Hybernia curantiarta : re aga atropos}. roth Ann as rton-on-Trent N. H. S. and Arch. Soc 1885, publ. 1886, pp. be T. GIBss, Der heal ip 3 a (Bretby), i @enioca mpa x sci (Bretby), T. stabilis (Bretby), Z. zcerta (Bretby), 7. popzelete (Bre y (Bretby), ne abr wptaria (B retby), Rzmza (Bretb retby), 2. (Ashby Road), AZela rin 4 snes (Bretby), Zmmelesia affinitata (Bre etby),. 2. enceleee, (Bretby), Zomaspilis marginata (Bretby), Me ssa montanata (Ho ays ood), 4 nthocharis (Too o Ss We gS ites : blomeri (Hoofie’s Wood), vraxas ulmata (Hoof od), He lleda (Bretby), Huson thalassina etd. ects nica TEeetby A ple nebulosa (Repton Shrubs), s - ~ cS Q Van MM maura > (Repton Shrubs), and Polia chi (Bretby)]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on- -Trent N. A. & Arch. Soc. for 38488, publ. 1888, pp. 31-32. THOMAS GIBBS. Derbyshire. The Influence of Sig sceayers on the a table gi of Vegetation i n the @, Pieris rape, Anthocharis, and Rumia, were seen in the Burton-on- Trent sen Trans. B.-on-Trent Nat. Hist. &A Arch. Soc., vol. i, 1889, p.81 W. Howarp — TY. Westmorland and Furness. sr ese | ancashi —s e., Furness and Westmorland; Nemeobius uc cs Lncofas apes, Lycena erent: Anarta vs and Saturnia carpine, at Grange-over-Sands]. Ent., Dec. 1890, p C. S. GReGson. Derby, Durham, Chesh., "thee S.. Camb, bloc Ss. w. gene ae ila galii [giving results of pers onal ¢ experien ning erby, Wolsingham, Suley Bridge, Bolton, Warrington Wr ilas asey ee localities, sg aryport, Cumberland, and Potter yi near Wharelife, a ire, as places ster ‘ hehe obtain ned every year in years gone by]. ung Nat., 1890, pp. 229-231. cs. Gurcson. Lanc. S. N Zonaria at Wallasey [only found by one ai last spring ; writer quite niente Young Nat., Dec. 1890, p. 23 J. Grave. ce . Tee tote near Bolton [formerly in great numbers, but n from attacks by collectors; Celena haworthii plentiful this asics ns mts hg Novy, 15th, 1890, p- 214. Tita x05, 1893. 188 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. A. E. Hat York S.W., Notts eae tava at “Sheffield [close to town, darker than gs Pohesiee r Sherwood examples]. Ent. Record, April 15th, 1890, p A, Ey, Hatin “Yor S.W. Notes on the Early Season [of 1890 near Sheffield; anent PAzga/ia, Anisopteryx, ee progemmaria, Cymatophora favicornis, Pieris ‘rape, Wyssta hispid Tephrosia crepuscularia, Teniocampa rubricosa, and Tortricodes ayemana, with their dates of appearance]. Ent. Record, April 15th, 1890, A. E. Hatt. York S.W. a, 2 aaa o ae variation and food-plants near Sheffield]. Ent., 1890 AL ES PrALL York S.W. or Derbyshire. Spring No tes [near Sheffield: Arephos parthenias fairly common; time of flight phat Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 64. A. E. HEAL York S.W. Habits ay Tortrix forsterana ar ee [plentiful in Sheffield garden]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 6 L. York S.W. ‘Small Specimen of A[nthocharis]. cardamines art yo 24th May, 14 inch from tip to tip]. Young Nat., July 1890, p. A. E. Hat. York S.W. Small Variety of Euchloe cardamines [near “Spm 2ath _—— 14 inch from tip to tip]. Ent, Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 98. A. E. HALL. York S.W. ll Example of Tephrosi ia biundularia [taken by Geo. Rose near age — 1887, measured only ma an inch from tip to tip ; 3 see Young ae 181]. Ent., Aug. 1890, ere York S. Ne au ot the mtg ie om era).— p [Aupithecia /ariciata common near Worksop, ae 7th, 1890 ; ed panic scarce]. Ent. Record, Aug. 75th, 1890, p A. E. Hatt. Notts. A Week at Sherwood Forest [in August ; Woctua oe be Euperia fulvago, Amphipyra pyramidea (absent), ‘ero elarcosa, Triphena fimbria, Agrotis tritict, Baas nictita wed Pcie testata, L tee Fea pets Cha reas gramtit LEphyra pune pendularia, Tephrosia punctulata, Cym oto ee Eupitht ‘allipehiat, and E. centaureata noted]. Ent 1890, pp. 321 AoE. Hs Notts. Noctua Dahli be ioe 18 dah h thing was scarce but this]. Bee g Nat., Oct. 18 S.W. A. FE. Fis York Sad ied of Rumia Crategata [with a jie L Phen suffusion on the right wing, bred]. Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 2 A. E. HALL. Yo: si S.W. Notes on some Macro-Lepidoptera, usually of c hee pee in the aia aor of Sheffield [viz. chess: ex Pieris, pers te nessa urtice, V. atalanta, V. cardui, atyrus Jjantra od omen Conénpuchte pamphilus, Lycena alexis, Hesperia sylvanus, Vanessa tyrus egeria, S. megera, S. tithonus, Polyommatus phieas, Euchelia jacobed setae sso Fcapehiy fuligina ost, A. mendica, Liparis aurifiua, OF, rgyia ntiqua, Bombyx neustria, Dicranura vinula, Pygera bucephala, Duloba danrictiice epha. soe ” Bryophila perla, Leucania conigera, L. impura, Hydrecia ictilens: H. micacea, Xylophasia lithoxylea, X. hepatica, Apamea basilined, Na Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 189 _Miana strigilis and vars. @thiops and P sgescore a MM. fasciuncula, MM. literosa, M. Gptancile, Grammesia trilinea, Triphena orbo yes Anchocel?s pistacina, ~yiopis aprilina, Maou phora meticalosy Eiples a lucitpara, Hadena chenopodit, H. adusta, H. protea, H. Llusia chrysitis, Urapteryx pride Selenia ‘Wanaria Boarmia Siotihoddarte. Acidalia scutulata, ¢ Ke incanaria, A. aversata, vaxas grossula riata, Hybernia ciate Camplogramma bilineata, Euboli ta cervinaria, “t wae eid a ranagr. ch rite eared all described as. more or less scarce sen ributed a pore anufac aba Sipon no allusion is made the unfavourable lithological character of Sok Caster Ent. Rec., Dee. - 5th, 1890, pp. 256-258 James Harpy en viotland. Report of ‘the Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club for the year 1880 with note of Zuchelia jacobee on Bam eee ae hills], Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1889, vol. 12, No. a oaks 1890), p. G. A. Harker. “sind Aa or Cheshire. Hybernia marginaria ab ays ops var. fuscata [common near Liverpool and emerges a little later than the type]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 59. G. HaRrKeEr, Lan ore’ Cheshire. Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera).— Liv geatt A a syaseel galiata and Bombyx coat at Crosby ; Mamestra albicolon plentiful, Riodar sanguinalis just appearing]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 130. J. Harrison. York S.W. Autumn Notes . Barnsley [Penthina sauciana and Hypsipetes elutata in profusion on ‘the moors, Cloantha rh and Oforabia filigrammaria taken]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 252. . HED Northumberland S. [Puss Moth Caterpillars (Dicranura vinula) occur at Hallington Reservoir]. t. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, p. 399. Wels ma York N.E. Hplove parallelaria {[vespertaria] var. [dark uniform brick-red, with ual bo taken near York along ith type; editor adds that it is more cmon heal Ent., Jan. 1890, p. 19. W. Hew York — ? Variation in Zygena lonicere [as observed presumably near York; 15 i noted, three of which are named—vars, pocorn en irae Inetéscens, and eborace Pres t. J. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, pp. 59-60. W. Hewer York N.E. Notes f th Season (Lepidoptera).— Kildale [ZLarentia cesiata and teenie tristata abundant}. Ent. ‘Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 132. W. Hewe * York.’ Notes 3 the Se canon (Lepidoptera).—. York A bee uspidia leporina, Core clamationis, Miana strigilis, Apanea idyma, Aylophasia folyodon, Masai ee sa three Plusia, Collix, Chortodes a oe —" ‘a ei tlio~ maria and Epione vespertaria)]. Ent. Record, Aug. I 890, p. Joun F. Hitts, Secretar oe Ss. enketh School = ield Club Laden Smerinthus fofult captured on the N. P- 91. premises]. H. J., June 15th, 1890, J. B. HopcKrnson. Lanc. ¥. and pd eager r Furness. Two Species of Micro-Lepidoptera fon hes Be hos w Paper, [Retinia margarotana H,-S., one, in fine condi ition, te Scote n the moors pe sioneraeat in June 1879; and Bryoiopha CGateotsa) 5B Hein., © fine Oire es taken July 5th, 1887, near Windermere College]. Ent., Apel 1890, p. II June 1893. 1go0 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. jew oe Westmorland, Furness, sors W.&S, Notes on the Season 1889 [at Windermere, Stoneyhur sapag a and Raion -on- ne Ri bble ; Laverna sesicsgion L. paludrcolella, Neptice ula ~ Splen- dissimella, N. a ucupar @é, NV. tetyrella, N. continuella, te Bt le, N. iknal N. minu usculella, Lithoolets ‘ein ella, Z. ste eltin sis, L. bistentella, Cabera rotundaria, Penthi eos ‘oii intimella Hadena glauca, pide ay meriegigt Nemophors “pil lel Thecla ae Cenonympha typhon, Hyria muricata, ne tdalia yas rata, Lycena astrarche var. salmacts, Cidaria reticulata, Penthina postremana, Coleophora fusco- cuprella, Eupithecia satyrata, Penth. sauciana, Grapholitha pita st ep. cryptella, NV. ote Coleo, phora fusco-cuprella, and Ephestia semtrufa). Ent., April 1890, pp. 138-139. . B. HODGKINSON. Lanc. W. Notes of the Season Dutton ee margarotana, Amphisa _csbegetinn , Penthina Pedisca ana, Peronea caledomiana, Plusia interrogationts, 7 farce peep lia, Pages bisontella, Grapholitha gzmenana, Crambus margaritellus, Carsiaimbutata, Gelechia similella, noted]. Ent. Rec., Sep. 15th, fy p. ae Ls. ees, Wes _ aboot and Lanc. W, otes on ine Season [at Ashton-on-Ribble ermere ; Nepticula sorbiclla, N hodgkinsonit, T; rfareue pulerosele, Nf asec, Nw. aucupari@, NV. ignobilella, NV. re aica Mises dissimella, N. gei, N. malella, N. des- ere Be : is z —— altcs: NV. lu ne a are & scopariana, Penthi bear oe ccyx vacciniana, a 0, a : pada ghee e lla, Nept. woolhopiella, . QP, ent edel ‘a aurana, Euplexia ane cophora flavimaculella, Ornix anglicella, Lithocolletis cavella, and at Windermere the following :—Cidaria corylata, Melanthia albic Mabe, Eupithecia plumbeolata, i ge Brg eri Microp- teryx mansuetella, and. Cidaria reticulata). Ent., Oct. 23-325. PETER na folk S.E. Acher atropos in 1889 [a batch of ahi at Hornsea; their rearing detent in detail]. Ent., Jan. 1890, p. J.J JAc Isle of eras nen pit: [Exhibition of Manx Dianthecia cage scare and a very sia). agin Lond. Ent. Soc., July roth, 1890; om Record July fas 18, .M.M., Aug. a Pe p- 224; Ent., J. JAcEr. Isle of sans *Camberland Notes of the Season (Lepidopt = nde ‘ Isle col an Polyommatus phieas, Lycana tcar Sas atyru mele, ree meer Vanessa urtice, Pieris (3 species), ge wla ‘salicat, aleps e fluctuat a oa Palais marta, Scotosta Calne a, Boarmia repan ndat Eup. constrictala mt tm sn se teitern desta, L. cespitis, Anchocelis lunos Miana literos, dryphena orbon na, - interjecta, oy recta netacen, . = si tt ora meticulos Avrotis obaenet A. pyrophila, Stilbia anomala, hedia xerampelina, all near Ramsey, Cidaria populata and Chareas graminis at ea? of Sn aefe » 2,000 feet alt., adr obe ulmata : Sain Helen, ‘Smerinthus * peat Arctia fuliginosa and Agrot S ripe, but last not so common as last year on the coast of Cumberland. Ent. Reseed: Oct. 15th, 1890, pp. 181-182 [J.] JAcer. Isle of Man. Exhibition of Manx Examples of Zpunda nigra, Stilbia anomala, Agrotis ritict, A. ° prepaila and de Sen xerampelina; a few details pec 5 oe —— Lond, Ent. Soc., 3st Sep., 1890; Young ati Nov. 1890, p. 2 . M., Nov. 1890, p. 306; Ear. Nov. 1890, p. 3 Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY ; LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 191 WILLIAM JOHNSON. Lan Arctia caja Seer om - a breeding of varieties at Aspull near wait Ent., April 1890, p. oy. Lanc. S. " [Plusia ripen had a June brood at a ee South Lond. Ent. Soc., 28th 1890; Young Nat., Sep. 1890, p. P. M. C. olicded Isle of Man. Manks Butterflies, with some notes by the late E. Biche F,L. and Ls aeclge [enumerating 22 species, with remarks]. penaenrner of I. of M. N. H.S., i. 49-51; publ. with Yn Lik Paiinnst: July 1889. P. M. C. K[ERMODE]. Isle 3 Man. Phenological Observations [made in the Isle of Man, giving date for ne Yn Lioar Manninagh, July 1889, p. 85. uM E. Isle of wa Address by omit Re a a nt . Delivered March 1 1886 [vives titles — s dealing with the Manx Fei al. ” Back Pies. I. of Man N.H.S., on es on ubl. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889. PMC. Beeson [not signed]. Isle of Man, ep Hawk Moth aco ae a gta a ; records of two near Ramsey, at — of ten years ; details given]. n Lioar Manninagh, July 1890, p. 1 1 Se (gf eats Secretary]. yg S.E. orkshire Naturalists’ Union at Kirkham Abbey an Hee [ath Sep. 1889; Polyommatus alexis noted]. Nat., Nov. te Pp- 342. W. Laipiaw. Cheshire. [Large reed copeniras captured at Oxton in autumn — GR Lanc. & Ches! t. Soc., March roth, 1890; Young Nat., J. H. Legcu. Chevitiana Collecting on the Northumberland Coast [at Alnmouth; Zyce a icarus, go Cidaria er nata, Fuboli suraria, Melanippe sat v7 arentia . Lith Triphena orbona, T. subsequa, pronuba, Noctua baja, ae N. xanthogr apha, Cleoceris viminalis, and Xylophasia polyoaon, mostly in interesting varieties captured in four days]. Ent., Sep.21890, p. 292. York S.W. Eiseieltion 8 — mendica obire Eguerrecagting™ 4 City of Lond. Ent. 16th Oct. 1890; Young Nat., 1890, p: T: “tad Durham. ycena a var. salmacis [at Castle Eden]. Ent. Record, July 15th, ham. Notes of the Season . Durham [anent Zycena salmacis, L. alexis, Procris geryon, Arctia caja, A. villica], Ent. Rec., Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 179. Jas. EanpLEY Mason. Linc. N. erontia atro ape — at Alford, Lincs. [several during Aug. 1889]. x Linc. N. Patura iris L [found at Welton Wood in the ‘nog? z Welton-le- airy near Alford, by E. Woodthorpe]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p Jas. EaRDLEy ae Linc. N. L. [one n and three more seen at Welton Wood n —— Alford, 2sth July, apes by Edwd, Woodthorpe]. E.M.M., one 1890, p. a6. une x 1893. 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. {P. B.] Mason. Durham. [Noctua conflua from Iceland exhibited, whereupon Dr. Mason said the only British specimens he had seen resembling the Icelandic form were four taken at Wolsingham, Durham]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 5th Nov., 1890; Ent. Rec., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 219; Ent., ue 1890, p. 386; E. M. M., Dec. 1890, p. 332; Young Nat., Dec. 1890, p. 228. W. ar ik N.W., Durham? n the Season (Lepidoptera).— Darlington [Caradrina eabiculebls and Bombyx can tes and at Richmond Sesta mhciormith Ent. Record, he 5th, 1890, p S. L. Mos ork [Lepido tie observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Holmfirth [roth June, 1889; Pieris rape, Fidonia yea Emmelesia albu col oe ee dla, lb ie PAYA ONG,, eh of Hybernia progem Cheimatobia brumata, C. boreata, Oporabia filigrammaria, Scans didyma ata, poster a populata, and Notodonta pti Nat., July 89, p. 203. S. L. a York Ss bservatio at tones, May 1889 [Azthocharis, Tephros iumlalria mee puri, Abraxas ulmata, ie Asthena sylvata ted. 225- 5. Ty Altes York S.W. [Lepidoptera observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Bretton Park, 14th June, 1890; Zup. pygmaa Pecilocampa ‘pope uli, and Abraxas yr ee ; remarks]. Nat., Aug. 1890, a 25-2 EWMAN. a N.W. "Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera).— Richmond bevth 1890: Hadena glauca, Cidaria stlaceata, and Pyrauste ot Ent. Reser: Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 130. W. NewMa Durham or York N.W. saenorset f Cidaria suffumata var. piceata ponent in proportion to ee near Tarleton Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 239. R. NEWSTEAD. Che peasy Aes oie atropos in 1889.— < Vpatmens [larvee near Frodsham and Pn Manley]. Ent., Jan. 1890, p. 17 R. i Cheshire ? sai margaritaria var. cee at Chester, July 29th, 1889; all the cle oat red]. os Jan. 1890, p. J. E. Nowers [Sec Derbyshire. omparative Seas of wee ee 1877, 1878, and 1879, around ur srnia Burton-on-Trent ; dates given nessa urlice, Pieris rap : progemm. pear, 2. ce icapraria, An , Hepialus humult, Tentocampa go ws , ZL. instabilis, e's Chestas Spartiata, gg oi pinta: Carmi a ra Mam — ky ica d Plusia gamma). 4th Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist., J. E. Nowers. Derbi —— of Nature, 1887 [for Burton-on-Trent ; for Tan: rubricosa (Repton aime Cilix spinula oaxtonk or Tokinig didymata (Drakelow)}, Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H. & Arc Soc. for 1887-88, publ. 1888, pp. 31-32. Dovuctias H. PEARSON. Notts. Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria in Notts. [at Chilwell, rare; two this year]. Ent., Oct. 1890, p. 319. i Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 193 ICKARD Bs rk N.W. " Thepidontera Pegs by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Upper Teesdale [in 1889 ; Smerinthus populi, Dicranura vinula, Nipples dictea, N. siczac, Hadena pisi, and Acronycta bre captured on the So aa side or the Tees]... Nat., Sep. 1889, p. 283. ALE. Cheshire. Note es ber the Sea’ Wallasey [Wyssta zonaria, Eubolia pp atte ~toonsahie iibicoloe Rkédavia sanguinalis, Leucania littoralis, and Agr kSoe wage red; notes of dates ‘and weather}. Ent. Record, Sep. tion p. 162. G, ‘hente RE. op wesiees ceaiel e — {a good many near Grange in Aug, and Sept. 7 ria. G. PopMore. Furness, Sphinx eae stg cio chi, with var. ' 1890, p 196 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. C: E. Sto Isle of Man. andieaies cesia [and Polia xanthomista (sé%groczncta) not Baas, to become extinct on the Manx coast}. Ent. Record, Dec. 15th, 1890 ae: = Ca Ste Gis "hawt [its habits near Bolton]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. ee BEN. BLayDES THOMPSON York Mid W. Colias edusa near Harrogate ee the 5th and goth Sep., two males and a roan Nat., Oct. 1889, p Ben. BLaypDES THOMPSON. York Mid W. Colias Edusa at Harrogate [on = ih ei two males, and a female four days tied Young Nat., Feb. B. BLaypEs THOMPSON. York Mid W. Varieties of Phi igalia pilosaria [among 16 examples captured Jan. 31st, 1890, presumably near Harrogat ~ ae one olive, and one nearly bisck Ee Ent. Record, ai 15th, 1890, p. B. BLAYDES THOMPsS Early Spring Moth = (near Harrogate ; Hybernia progemmaria, Phigalia Hf. rupicapraria, Clajtiate dia sha iat and Depressarigz, all on 31st Jan.]. Ent. Record, ee 15th, 1890, p. C. F. TaoRNEwW Derbyshire. [Captures bd Lepidoptera near Burton- agthehh vk in April and May 1877; dates given for 7entocampa stabilis, T. got. — T. gracilis, T. populett, Hybernia ig cet maria, Gonepteryx rham "Seeuie wlunaria, Cidaria eat Anticlea derivata, and A. bad. ‘ata, znd Ann. Rep. Burton-on- . H. S., March 26th, 1878, p. 18. CuHas. F. THORNEWILL. Derbyshire. Calendar of Dee for 1882 [near Burton-on-Trent ; Hybernia day oe 18 do: Phigalia, Anticlea badiata, T. entoca mpa (five species), Cirrhedia, [odis lactearia, Cilix spinula, Cucullia verbasci, Noctua plecta, vanthecia ie. mphidasys “Belles , Halias prasinana, Fidonia piniaria, Uy a camelina ippe montanata, mia, Hepialus lupulinus, Emme. a, (at Repton Shrubs), Srerinthus popult, Acronvcta megacephala, sta rurea, Ac. psi, Eupithecia absynthiata Ac. ¢ Ss, Ebulea sambucalis, rentia dtd; , flydrocampa stag alts, ZOne a Caradrina cubicularis, Acidalia incanaria, Pyralis farinalis, Lupithecia absynthiata (Willington), Hydrecia micace ot Noctua rubi, Anc choc lis geste t N. and Phlogophora miteuliaty 7th Ann. Rep, eet -on-Tre Arch. Soc. for year ending 31st lle 1085. 3 p: C. F. THORNEWILL. Derbyshire. Cal of Nature, 1883 [at Burton-on-Trent: date for 7anio- given for 7am ampa gothica, T. instabilis, Pieris, T. populeti, T. Seabee T. cruda (these three at Bretby), Cirrhedia x xerampelina, achea piniterda, Eup lariciata, Anth cena argiolus, Pa petraria (the three at Parson’s Brake) Noctua plecta, Melanippe fluctuata, Halia 2 ja, Thera variata, Acronycta lu ,» Rumia, “sia gamma ina cubicudarts, ao anitee e Snag om fodis lactea 7 ruata, Asthena blo yey see ria, Eup. exig then psipetes ruberata, E mmncesia affinitata, Cidaria cory cory: To eles pn heey iets seen ay S. hgustri, Eup. abs jeyathiale, Sesia tipuliformis, Acidalia ‘Nola cucullatella, Mania tyfica, Acronycta megacephala, Ti cy Fa freee; Xylophasia poly codon , Hydrocampa stagnalis, aur nthia cardut, Anchocelts litura, Acidalia Tynthi inornata, ol ice ce mata]. 8th Ann. Kep. Burton-on-Trent N. H. & Arch. Soc. , year ending 31st Dec. 1883, pub. 1884, pp. 20-21. BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, I8go0. 197 GF: Saemeest Derbyshire, sich on Calendar of Nature, 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent ; dates given for Hyder rpc aria (Winshill), Phzgala, Tent ee ‘instabilis, Hadena ole ecu eris rape, Eup. abbreviata 'Repto bs), Azthocharis cardamines, P vie by rasst ce, LHybernia ts taria (Rept Suro): Chetmatobia boreata ip. Eee. Melanippe montanata Wiehe on Shrubs), Acron nycla pst, Pione Shrubs), fate Ibicillata (Repton n Shrubs ), Acidalia tncanaria, Mamestra brassicae, Miana fascial. Heptates ham A relia lubricipeda, Caradrina cubtcularis, Plusia chryst Diloba ceruleocephala, ‘Note sepa sot A nticlea badiata, Pygera bucephala, Cucullia umbratica, Plusia ‘hie P. pulchrina, Agrotis segetum, Dianthec cucubali, Caradrina morpheus, Axylia putris, Dianthecta carpophaga a, A arene exclamattionts, ophasia polyodon, Triphena pronu ia stlago, ua, Nonagria (Willington), Moctua umbrosa, ip stratiotalis, Eubolia mensuraria ( swe otts), Dianthecta capsincola (Cresswell, Notts), Hp. nanata A ei an narta myrtilli (Eyam)]. oth Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H. & Arch. Soc. for 1884, publ. 1885, C. F. THORNEWILL. Spina aet Calendar of Nature, 1885 [near Burton-on-Trent; : [ dates given for Phigalia, Selenia illunaria, Tenioc spite gothica , Amphi zdasis iprotromaria, dart a, diata, Hy x iS) 3 & a S 5 = 5 a DH AY S = ns R S: + NS & n 8 s = s* 5 SS a g a aS & = : Aedes 3 Hyb. aurantiaria, and Himera penna rton-on- Penk N. A. & Arch. Soc. pale 1885, pub. 1886, pp. 2I- C, F. Tome 3 Deane Calendar of Nature, 1886 [for Burton-on-Trent ; given Hybe ster tits ia maria, Alucita pda, Hy. haplaprart inthe Lane), Amphidasis ap a, miter: Cucull: ta verbasct, LTeniocampa stabilis (Bretby), 7. instabilis “Br by), 7. rubricosa (Bretby), - Populeti (Bretby), 7: gothic (Bretby), 7: ade yBretby), Vanessa urtice, Pieris rape, Dicranura vin: Cc rhea peice sem reneotng * Xanthia or Z a (Bre ark), F2p. z on ubs), 9 pre shescond Fagin hora —T ‘esa, Cheimatobia Hi toth Ann. Rep. 24. Se (Willington), up. rer nge " Scotosia certat ee , Melan ‘a, Eup. vulgata, Caradrina cubicula aie pre eines ace July 1893. 198 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. libatrix, — or beet Hepialus lupulinus, atone basen Agrotis suffiusa ray certata, - 16 ‘tia yeaa, Dianthecia carpephage, Arctia ges A. lubricipeda, Eup. lariciata (Decoy Wood, i by), Asthena blomeri (Hoofie’s Wood, Bretby), gates! ulmata f an sings bees Bretly), Thecla w-album (Hoofie’s Wood, )y Agr Emm aii affinitata (Bretby), Eb. decolorata (Brel pial pa a Brak), Hadena oleracea, Acronycta a sae Xylopha ru. hove ey ey pose a Agrotis exclam nein, Lon aspilt is mar; ies (Br by), Lup. absynthiata, Ag lerotis ‘ie Fbu ambucalis, akg i tus (Bretby, ‘Velonthia lbicillata (Bretby), £ is falar 7a Don _ y), nes certata pleby), Coremia propugs ae are ania typica, Triphena pro Mamestra anceps, Pionea agen Xx. ylophasia poly ee lua augur Cidaria populata, Thecla bum, Xan oe : wi pate) Rhdciong dia rat als Nonagria ro = megacephala, Ber eek — pogonis, ge ‘ida lia incanaria, pes pst, Xanthia , le ‘ Parapo nyx ness total tee toe Epione apiciaria, Phibalapteryx lignata, Acidalia animis, age populi, Hadena art SSA Tl hrubs), Oforabi ta dilut eae it eR i tubs), Chezm atobia brumata (Repton Shrubs), and 7 PR on Shrubs)]. = oe nn. Rep. Burton- on-Trent N. H. ae pte ce, for F386, pub. 1887, p H pba ie Luge Seal ides hire. Calendar o: 1887 [at Burton-on-Trent ; dates given for Phiga/ia, Ti ce reine. pats Antsopteryx escularia, Ten. instabilis, Scotosia ertata arrhe N E fid a( Ypsipetes oo (do.), Ci a propugn piers Eupithecta nanata (do.), zp. z re we x ‘dlanthin ocellata (a. ), Bupisteria heparata (do.), Thera ylbony | o.), Z. variata (do.), Cheimatobia boreata (do.), Arctia Suliginosa, Vatants camelina Leal ), Platypteryx lacertula, Acronycta sent Dianthecia capsincola, Agrotis segetum, oo ina cubicularis, Hadena oleracea, Pionea forficalis, we astigata, Eup. pulchellata, Dianthaecia Pare Platypierys falcula, Abrostola triplasia, Apamea unanimis, Euplex . ’ ‘a chryst ‘tS, re ae A Eup. absynthiata oe he ay hie: Pgh ina, ace CO: tale (Stapenhill), Zz. Se (Stapenhill), Hade ena oleracea ile phill), ane, 2 pton Shrubs), (4 a Zh. N. H. & Arch. con for 1887-88, pub. 1888, pp. 29-30. Cuas. F. THORNEWILL Derbyshire. rt e Entomolo ogical Section [of the Burton-on-Trent N.H. for year 1889 phzenoloyical notes on Lhecla bey soeiton in Repton Sh rubs; its ra variata and Macaria liturata in Hoofie’s Wood, Acherontia atropos gles aid — of Sphinx optus. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent NA H.S. for 1889, p pene Naturalist, — BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 199 C. F. THORNEWIL Derbyshire. Calendar of N ice, 1888 [near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for Hybernia progemmaria, Amphidasis prodromaria, Tentocampa stabilis, T. instabilis, T. gothica, oe vachea vee thi Lecilocanipa ass ae [shes punctulata, Eup. albipunctata, LE. indigata, Arctia mendica, P. Anthocharis cardamines, T, ephro sta Dimundularia Lobopho ra hexaplerate se Repton Shrubs, Lup. cer ee en aepe ainiy Ongyia ‘pudibunde, ‘Cidaria corylata, Fidonia piniari Haden gints, code Take Parboei, Hepialus a Rumia, Smerin os ‘popu Dianthecta ses , Botys ih Cabera pusaria, Amphidasts eS Eup. pulchellata, Emmelesia albulat a, Lup. valeria nata, Mamestra persicaria, zanthecia _— cola, Axylia putris, grotis segetum, Hadena oleracea, Plusia —— L. pulchrina, Caradrina morpheus, Agrotis rg Lup. absyn thiate, Mamestra anceps, Cucullia umbratica, Abrostola triplasia, iphena pronuba, Hadena dentina, Ebulea samipuices lis, Eup. subnotata, ecla at H oo ‘Nanthin err ul mk . gilvago at *caiontles Park ; 7richiura a tyrus hyperanthus, Cidaria Wo) cerry Wactins mnea, Hadena dentina, ypena ale ese and Anthocharis cardamines at Stretton- -en-le- Field]. Sone tton-on-Trent N.H. rs for 1889, pp. 22-24. Cc. Seriya ILL a [Two appar rently Distinct Forms of phe ete —_- round Bur eed Trent, one in the a country, one inthe woods]. Birm. March 3rd 1890; E.M.M 1 1890, p. 118 ; Ent. "Apa 1890, “ge Cuas. F, THORNEWILL. | pat secs Report of the Ent ological Section [of the Burton-on-Trent N.H. larvee of Diantheci iets ch eae in the writer’s garden, Burton -on- Treuth Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N.H.S. for year ended Sep. 3oth CUF, Thoms Meta. Calendar of Nature, 1889 [for eg Sat ene district; dates gi re e m ‘a ih hexapterata at oatnd Shrubs, and for Per7s rane, geese ie abruptaria, Scotosia certata,, rinthus populi, Emmelesia decolorata, —- cucu ubali, Abrostola era and Cheimatobia ama. in addition to numero others ‘ eme ames d from pupa’]. Ann. Rep. Burt rton-on-Trent N.H.S., for r year ending 30th Sept. ieee | p. 21. T. Tunstau Cheshire. pring Notes [from Cheshire sandhills; Zudo/ia a (virgata) on 12th April, ol Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p THos. Lpsing ng ee S. or Cheshire? Notes aga armiger the only of the Season Warrington good thing taken]. Ent. Rec., Sept. 15th, «84 p- July 1893. 200 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. i wotkors Lanc. S. or Cheshire. Contributions towards a List of the Varieties of Noct ctuz occuring the British Islands [Apamea leucostigma Hb. var. albipuncta mihi, occurs a few oie from Warrington together with type and var. jntormedin mihi]. 1890, p. 13. Ent., Jan Fees ok Mid W., N.E. and S.W., Durham ? Northumb. S., ate 4 re: J. w Cheshire, Lance. S-, Lake District, and Isle of M The i with particulars of Porritt wh Deonis s’s Saltburn capture of P. ochrodactyla Hbsa7 Vakrmlacsiens Muhl., and its presence at Huddersfield and Darlington ; and P. dertrami Rossl. at sk og in abundance}. . = » pp. 18-26. [Pterophorus gonodactylus Schiff. ; commonest plumes in Yorkshire (Porritt) ; - ikem ‘Darlington q gegen District, Man- chester, Mek levine on 6 ork (Stainton’s Manual )}. Young -, July 1890, pp. pie malas that the Isle of eer Man be een er for Prksla zetterstedtit, though it has not yet occurred a Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 182. ge red Mop Westmorland. Notes on Sia (Gelechia) junctella [argumentation based in part on Withers- lack examples]. Ent. Record, April 15th, 1890, pp. 7-9. ee By : hei te ligustri var. nigra [taken by A. E. Hall, June 11th, 1888, in Wadworth Wood, near Doncaster]. Ent. Record, May 15th, 1890, p. 34. jo We Tor Notts. Theristis mhcronella (caudella, Sta.) var. striata [sent by W. Daws of nsfield ; described]. Ent. Record, May rah, 1890, p. 35. Jew. poe aah ag kk ae [Hydrecia petasitis at Sheffield taken in the factory yards on the plan rowing among the refuse, but very rarely rnc} ~- larger plants ok Saacite vulgaris growing on the river banks]. Sout . Ent. Soc., April 24th, 1890; E. M. en oe 1890, p. 165; Ent., oie shen, p. 207; Young Nat., June 1890, p. } Isle of Man, aby Lanc. S., Cheshire, a doa Jw. bai ork Ss. 'W. and Mid W., iar Melanism and Melanochro ag oe ish Lepidoptera [disc detail, aA the climatic pects of Lanctshire and | West Yorkshire — sidered; Amphidas's betul B. repandata, Diurnea jivella, and fybernia a progemmaria att Record, June 15th, bg pp- 49-56. [Full account by Mr. Sheldon of i the increas Tephrosia biundularia ne arma repandata near Huddersfield. T. biundularia and its total change of colour in D rest, the same in Amphidaszs betularia in Sou e, es 0 th Derby and at Mansfield; &. rhomboidaria, Diurnea jfagella, Hybern progemmaria, Cidaria russata and Arctia medica near Huddersfield a Sheffield]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, pp. 84-90. [References made to m and Yorkshire variation in Po/ia chi]. Ent. Record, Oct. 15th, te [i Wyk nage S. or Cheshire. [Exhibition of Melanic Form of Cidaria immanata on]. of London Ent. Soc., 15th we rah Ent. on, sg te 15th, 1890, abe Young Nat., July 1890, p. 138. 4 ee Mig and T. D. A. ERS York S.W. Additio > oe ee itish List and Changes in Nomenclature [4 sie oon proms See nov. zigra Tutt, near Doncaster, Apamea ssp ed var. intermedia Tutt, near ab Wiariiogeaet Ent. Record, Sept. 15th, 1890, p- 151. Naturalist, . BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 201 jews Tor Not Zygon lonicere imago with eae - larva [bred from Mansfield pupze two imagines emerged with the heads of the larva still change "ee. Record, Oct. Tk 1890, p. 174. W. Tutt [signed ‘ Ed.’]. Durham. [Footnote to note on] Local Form of Abraxas ulmata [with respect to large and small forms being in abundance together in Durham]. Ent. Record, Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 177. pow. Lure: Lanc. S. or W. Crambus salinellus near Preston [correcting an error of nomenclature, the species having been erroneously reported as C. beatae toaaltas Nat., Nov. 1890, p. poe: Ja.W. TuTT, Lanc. W. Time of Sepence of Peronea hastiana [as observed in examples from St. Anne’s-on-Sea]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 263. F. A. Wal York. Note on “Cidaria immanata from Iceland [also that var. ¢hingval/ata Staud. exactly corresponds to a specimen in R. South’s collection, taken a t York]. Ent., Feb. ie p- 66. SAMUEL WALK York Mid W. Colias edusa in 1889; Additional Record—Yorkshire ae" igo on Selby and York Road, near Bishop Wood, Sept. 5th, 1889]. Ent., . 1890, p. 69. S. WALKER. York N.E. pues Bon pe jcoe c= ar. [criticising adversely the editor’s ote - Hewett record; and asonar given of other specimens]. nt., Mach eon 100. S. WALKER. York ? Spring Notes [presumably ri York; Lobophora lobulata taken}. Ent. Record, me I5th, 1890, p. S. Sein ‘York.’ Notes of the Season (Lepidopter, York [ Zeniocampa populeti, ay hed subtusa, and Hybernia awa “ta : common]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 5 ps 128. * Ware York Mid W. and ? N.E. Notes of the Seas York [Leucania pudorina, Acronycta (Cup) “rin wet at Aakhaun Bog Hyd hia unca, noted]. Ent. Rec., 15th 156. S. . ER. ‘ York.’ yore a0 of Cidaria suffumata var. eon {and of type; both occur tk]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. S. “ge eo Chrysophanus us phlzas var. apie eee captured at Strensall Common]. Ent. Record, Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 2 UJ. R. Wetiman. bet new fer nae-ta of Le mer oo idee Ene ae Lond. Ent. Soc., No ve Pi ee eo, awe Nat., Jan. 1890, Pp. Ir; Sag Peg 1890, p. 23; E. M. M.,, Feb. 1890, p- J. R.] Wertman. Isle of Man. Exhibition of Manx Eupithecia venosata which had been two years in pupa]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., oe 12th, 1890; Young. ~ July 1890, P. 1393 Ent., July 1890, p. 237; E. M. M., Aug. 1890, p 202 NOTE: LEPIDOPTERA NEAR LINCOLN. [J. R.] WELLMAN. Isle of M {Exhibition of Manx Eupithecia rectangulata var. nigrosericeata and Eup. venosata|. South Lond. Ent. Soc., June bate 1890; Ent. Record, uly 15th J. WELLMAN. sle of Retarded Emergences [of Manx EP a at venosata, two years in pupal stage]. Ent. Record, July 1 ane 1890, p. 109, J. Rel So Isle of “art Lance. S. Exhibiti oP) "Dinst thecia cucubali, Liverpool, and D. ophaga var. eapopit Dup., Isle of Man]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., ieee ghina Pi E.M.M , p. 224; Ent., Aug. 1890, p. 266; Young Nat., Au 1890, p Derbyshire. [Exhibition of Celena pig 2 from we South Lond. Ent. Soc., th, 1890; Ent , Oct. 15th, 1890, p. As ARD oOo ‘ olias edusa, Van , and other Butterflies near Alford, Lincs. essa cardui Latter: given of these and Melanar, gar galathea, and 16 “acu wre ated as taken during the season of 1889]. Nat., Feb. 1890, nie , NG. vo S.W. t cbidions 1889 - Rotherham [detailed notes on 77iphena ep paste a Seeds bccn ipa, ‘Genres palestitie a, Cerastis vaccinti, 7 hecla -album, Cymatophora ee ephos parthenias, Geometra papilionaria, Pacilocanpa Nyssta Euperia fulvago, Dicranura bifida, jes a, NV. dnlier hs. — giczac and Lobophora halterata). Ent., Fe > Dt J. N. Younce. York he Sallow Season of 1890 Rotherham [Scopelosoma satellitia, Cerastis hss a “T bigs cruda, T. gothi ica, T. instadbilt. ts 7. stabilis, LTH , I. munda, T. populet, " Pachnobia leucogr rapha ; the sallows are ten titles or more cease from Rotherham]. Ent., June 1 be 202. J. N. Younc. York S.W. Note on the Life-History of ee quercus v. callunz [as studied near Rotherham]. Ent., Aug. 1890, p. 259. Joun M. You York S.W. arve of Triphena fimbria [near peaaiey infested by Cpls mixtus Grav.|. Ent, Aug. 1890, p. 2 NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. Lepidoptera near Lincoln.— During a walk through one of the woods near Saxilby, six t miles north- ewe of Lincoln, on May 2ist, a fol lowing butterflies —Pi weris brassicae, P. rape, P. napi, Antioch ris cardamines, all common ; ‘Areynnis selene, A. euphrosyne, abundant ; nessa atalanta, one pom nee Bieettinge-=! pamphilus, abunda e ; Polommatus sphlas, one ; Lycena alexis, Thanaos tages, Hesperia sylvanus, common; H. ba ola resi Bag a end of shinken species within a ve cial are Many s of moths were also noticed, among which may be mentioned jeiitee raise fist Jormis, fairly common; Heliodes arbuti, several; LEyclidia mi, E. glyphica; Melanippe hastata, several, etc., etc he following day, near Lang th, * jon sata inde flies were again seen, a dition, Satymus megera and, in addi : e also noticed, with the exception of £2. glyphica, Dit SB addition the ollowing species were taken :—ZLithosia bricollis, Halias prasinana, Thy ora or (th wi ie pore edhe bane my cee er took, near Lincoln, a number of larvze and pupx of Thecla w-album.—J. W. Carr, Uiaivessity College, Mudiorhece Pues 1st, 1893- Naturalist 203 SOME STRAY NOTES FROM THE YORKSHIRE COAST IN THE SPRING OF 1893. JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., Eaton Hall, Retford. In ‘The Naturalist’ for Avilh 1893, p. 105, in my notes on the migratory flocks of purple-headed Starlings, seen near the coast in Holderness in February, I omitted to state that the eight shot on February 25th from one flock were all males, and that six shot from another flock on March 19th were females. This is suggestive of the separation of the sexes at the period of migration. In the first week in March I was shown two Ruffs (Machetes pugnax) taken in a plover-net near Tetney, which had already partly got the nuptial plumage. When at Flamborough in May, I saw at the house of a fisherman a Crane (Grus communis) shot by Mr. John Huddleston, farmer, of that place, from a field near his house in the last week in February 1892. This had been skinned and set up by the late Mr. Jones, of Bridlington. It is, I think, a young bird of the previous year, and has oe and no red patch on the crown, and the hind plumes are shor Two Avocets Reuroasid avocetta) were seen some days to haunt a pond near the lighthouse at Flamborough during the last week of April. It appears from a paragraph, by Mr. Boyes, which appeared in ‘ The Field’ of May 27th, that one of these, a female, was shot—a most regrettable circumstance, as it is not improbable the birds would have remained in the district. One Black Redstart and two Pied Flycatchers (AZuscicapa atri- capilla) had been seen early in May. I saw two adult males of £. titys which had been captured in gardens at Flamborough in the Spring of 1891. It is not generally known that this species is almost a regular immigrant to the Headland in the spring and autumn, appearing earlier than the common species, and about a month later in the autumn. In the spring of 1891, as Mr. Bailey told me, many were seen; first, scores on April 6th, and again a great rush on May roth and rith. These seem to have been Spread over a considerable district in hedge-row and garden, along with Pied Flycatchers, Common Redstarts, and other small species. All the Black Redstarts observed were adult males; I do not think, however, that local observers ftps be able to agi gle between the females of the two specie On May rrth, Mr. Bailey and I, when at the seniohon Cliffs, Saw an adult male Lapland Bunting (Plectrophanes lapponicus) in ey, July 1893. 204 CORDEAUX: STRAY NOTES FROM THE YORKSHIRE COAST. summer plumage, sitting in the short herbage at the very edge of the cliff; we both observed it through binoculars for some little time, till it flew down the face of the cliff amongst the Guillemot and other rock birds, and did not appear again. The intense velvety black of the dark parts particularly struck the eye as contrasting with the yellow bill, broad white streak above the eye, and chestnut collar. The ordinary rock birds on the cliffs are in great force, and now occupy places on the lower cliffs south of the north landing, which were not tenanted some years since. When I first knew Flamborough, _ only a few pair of Stock-Doves (Columba enas) bred there—now there are hundreds. In the spring of 1892, a pair of Green Cormorant (Phalacrocorax graculus) were often seen about the cliffs, and showed every disposition to remain and nest; I fear, however, from what I heard, those were shot by the fishermen, who are not proof against the bribes offered by greedy collectors and mercenary dealers, who more than any others are mainly responsible for the continued destruction and extermination of our rarer bird visitors. one season by these most persistent and cunning pilferers must be very great indeed, and they abound in every part of the cliffs. Fishermen say that the Daws do not always plunder with impunity, for the outraged Guillemot has been seen to seize the thief by the neck and carry him down to the water, thus miserably to perish. As far as I can judge, this species seems everywhere to be decidedly on the increase, accommodating themselves to any holes they can appropriate, whether it be the cliffs of Flamborough, the ancient oaks of Sherwood and Birklands, a church tower or unuse chimney ; and are equally at home amongst the burrows of a rabbit- warren. Rock Pipits seem very numerous along the cliff, and in one place I saw half-a-dozen Tree Sparrows (fasser montanus) on the guard-fence, and from their actions concluded that they were probably nesting somewhere just below the summit. The grassy slopes along the crest of the Flamborough cliffs, having a northern aspect, ar€ now thickly sprinkled with pale primroses, which I always think are the smallest blooms and latest in flowering I ever see in England. The Golden-crested Wren, so abundant on migration in the autumn, is known at Flamborough as the ‘woodcock pilot’; but at Filey the fishermen call it the ‘herring-spink.’ This name is, I aiso ————— Naturalist, CORDEAUX: STRAY NOTES FROM THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 205 find, common amongst the fishermen in East Suffolk, from the fact that these little wanderers are accustomed to alight on the boats when at sea in the herring season, and they are then considered to indicate good luck and a heavy catch. When I was at Flamborough a large but somewhat lean cod was brought in by one of the boats, and on opening and cleaning this fifty-nine hooks were found in the stomach. These were white- tinned hooks, medium size, about two inches long, and still had pieces of whelk-bait adhering. These were not Flamborough hooks, for the whipping extended further down the shanks than in those in use on the headland. I can only conjecture that some fisherman d Occasionally turn up from the stomachs of animals. For instance, I have seen a handful of nails—double-tens—taken from an ox, -Slaughtered because it was ‘doing badly.’ And I have now on the table a fence iron spike, 74 inches long, and weighing 23 oz., which was taken from the inside of a Christmas goose in 18g1, reared, fed, and dressed on the premises. Near Kilnsea, on the 13th, I saw two Cormorants (Phadlacrocorax carbo) flying north. A pair are reported as having nested and got o their young from a wreck on the coast north of this place, but I cannot ascertain if this is the fact. Two Dotterel (Zudromias morinellus) were seen in a field near the beacon in the second week in May, but up to the end of the month I have not heard of any having been observed in their old quarters in Lincolnshire. In the middle of May I watched some very beautiful Turnstones (Strepsilas interpres), in adult plumage, foraging amongst the tide- wrack ; also some Whimbrel. Several Red Godwit (Zimosa lapponica) were dito seen early in May, and on the 14th I saw a single Grey Crow (Corvus cornix). I notice that the Snipe which nest in the meadows near the River Idle, in Notts, not unfrequently perch on cattle rails, and I recently saw one on the summit of an old thorn which did not fly before I had got close to it. The Redshank here also frequently alights on gates and rails. Have any of the readers of ‘The Naturalist’ remarked the very small size this year of the orange-tip butterfly (A*thocharts cardamines)? I have seen several so small that I could scarcely imagine they could belong to the same species. July 1853. THE BIRDS OF DERBYSHIRE. The | pried bat Sagi — , with Map and Six Illustrations, p Ke London : | Bemrose & Sons Limited | 1 ey a ae es 8vo., 239 pp., with Map and Six Titeaivations The faunal area included within the political boundaries of Derbyshire is a comparatively limited one, not exceeding 1,030 square miles. This may be divided into three parts having very distinct features: the southern plains, central hill district, and the mountainous north, where bleak treeless uplands, on the borders of Yorkshire and Cheshire, rise to an elevation of over 2,000 feet, and form the well-known Peak district, intersected, however, with well sheltered and lovely dales. From this it may be understood that the scenery is widely contrasting, and that this diversity of surface naturally favours a great variety of animal life. The county also owes much of the richness of its avi-fauna to the river valleys of the Derwent and the noble Trent, which in spring and autumn are highways of migration leading far inland. This is especially the case with the Trent valley, where much the greater number of rare and occasional inland stragglers from the coast have from time to time been seen or obtained. The total number of species of birds occurring or reputed to have occurred is 241; 84 being residents, 72 migrants, and the large number of 85 are casual visitors. Of those classed by the author as regular. migrants, he thinks that the Pied Flycatcher, Blue-headed Wagtail, and Stone Curlew must now be considered to hold a very doubtful position in the county list. The characteristic birds of the High Peak district are the Ring Ouzel, Dipper, Grey Wagtail, Twite, Merlin, Common Sand- piper, Curlew, Golden Plover, and probably the Dunlin, but the Dipper appears to be less common than formerly. The Black Redstart has been observed in Derbyshire but once a has probably been overlooked, the frequency of its occurrence in Nottinghamshire pointing to this conclusion. The Dartford ‘Warbler has also been once obtained—a pair on Melbourne Common in the winter of 1840 The Fire-crested Wren, although recorded but twice, is probably more frequent than is generally supposed, so also the Pied F lycatcher a summer resident or on migration. The Red- backed Shrike is on instance. ‘The Goldfinch, Stonechat, and Woodlark are declining. The information referring to the Cirl Bunting is meagre and Naturalist, WHITLOCK: THE BIRDS OF DERBYSHIRE. 207 unsatisfactory. The Raven is extinct as a breeder, and praiseworthy attempts to reinstate him in his ancient haunts have failed. Gre Crows follow the Trent from the east coast, and are common in the south-east of the county. The Bee-eater, Roller, and Hoopoe have all been obtained, the latter frequently, so also the Golden Oriole. Attractive in plumage, and strangers, they are invariably hunted down and slain. A few pairs of Short-eared Owls breed annually on the moors of the Peak, and there is good evidence that the Snowy Owl has been seen twice, and the Eagle Owl once. The Hen Harrier has probably not nested anywhere in the county during the last quarter of a century, and the Common Buzzard is practically extinct. In 1668, according to Willughby, a pair of Golden Eagles had a nest in a hamlet called ‘ Woodlands,’ in the High Peak, but we have no record when they ceased to breed in the county. Glover, in his ‘ History of the County of Derby,’ 1829, records the Goshawk in his list of birds, and Pilkington, writing in 1789, includes the Kite as one of the common birds of prey. There is good evidence that the Hobby nested as recently as 1891, and a few pairs of Merlin still continue to breed in the High Peak Reference has already been made to the numerous additions, from time to time, made to the county list of birds, from the valley of the Heron, and Glossy Ibis. The Common Bittern, too, is most often observed in the Trent valley. Five species of Geese, two of Swan, and twelve of Duck, have been obtained from the same waters ; the Goosander is common in winter, the Merganser rare, and the Smew an occasional visitor. The Turtle Dove is a decidedly increasing species ; the Black Grouse has become a comparatively local bird ; Dotterel are annual spring visitors to the Peak. The Golden Plover breeds not uncommonly on the high moors, so probably the Dunlin, although the nest has not yet been found. The Grey Plover, Oyster- Catcher, Avocet, Grey Phalarope, Knot, Sanderling, Ruff, Green Sandpiper, Greenshank, Bar-tailed Godwit, and Whimbrel have all been got from Trent side. The Ringed Plover passes up this river valley, in April and May, with great regularity, returning again in August ; these appear to belong to a small race which, probably, Comes to us from the south in the spring, and may be distinguished by their smaller size, darker mantle, and more sharply defined and brighter colouration. It is satisfactory to learn that during the last twenty years, the Redshank has established itself as a breeding Species and appears to be annually increasing ; the same may be Said of the neighbouring county of Nottingham. Mr. Whitlock Tuly 1893, 1893. 208 NOTES AND NEWS. records eight Terns, seven Gulls, and three Skuas, but the evidence, as the author admits, in connection with the occurrences of the Roseate Tern, the Pomatorhine and Buffon’s Skuas, is anything but satisfactory. The Great Northern and the Red-throated Divers have both been seen or obtained on several occasions, and all the five Grebes are included in Mr. Whitlock’s list from the Trent. There is one Petrels and Stormy Petrels have been obtained. The Manx Shear- water has so frequently occurred, both in Derbyshire and Nottingham- shire, that its presence is suggestive of an overland route of migration followed by this species along the course of the river. The volume contains an excellent map and the illustrations of Derbyshire scenery add much to the interest of the work. Mr. Whitlock, with the assistance of his colleague, Mr. A. Hutchinson, whose notes are a mee with the text, hiss succeeded in collecting and recording a great amount of local information on birds, with the result that ie material has been dealt with thoroughly well and in a most conscientious and painstaking manner. The volume is, we consider, a valuable addition to the growing list of county faunas, which will be referred 03 - wm bs) n fo ctr (ay) rat ct oo ° ° o, a & po mn wm 1 a] ap ee ~ sy mn Cc Acs 4°) oO cot fa?) ch y n beginning, mtb ies and the readers of the book wil admit a very good o we NOTES AND NEWS. see that our old friend Mr. George Massee, the author of the ‘British Fungus Flora,’ has received the > econ at the Royal Herbarium at Kew which Dr. Cooke vacated some time ors The Sages agente one-inch * maps of the Se gee Survey include quarter- sheet -» embodying much intricate work in the northern part of the Skiddaw bias ae the succeeding Volcanic Series belween npn Fell and Cockermouth, with the Carboniferous, Permian, and Trias farther n prone, Lincolnshire and bigs poe Mr. T. Roberts on the Upper Jurassi incolnshire, and Messrs. Wilson and Tate on the Durham sate district. The Pelienanic rocks are reserved for peas’ notice. Naturalist, 209 THE HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS The Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands. EDwarp SAUNDERS, FYEZS: oh. ve & Co., London. 14s. Tus is another of the admirable series of works on Entomology now being published by Messrs. Reeve ; and the name of its author is at once a sufficient guarantee that the book throughout is excellent. It commences with a plate showing the structure of hemiptera, and a table fully describing it. Then follows a lengthy ‘ Introduction,’ in which the anatomy of these creatures is clearly put before the student, concluding with an account of the methods of collecting and mounting Hemiptera or ‘Bugs’ as they are more familiarly known. The book proper consists of concise but clear descriptions of all the species known to occur in Britain up to date; together with localities of all species which are not common almost every- where. As such it is of course invaluable to every student of this most interesting order of insects. We think an improvement would have been to have added a classified synonymic list of the species ; and the study of the order has advanced so much of late years, that a statement of the progress made since the publication of Messrs. Douglas and Scott’s work would also have added to its interest. These, however, are comparatively small matters, and do not detract from the great value of the work. It is printed in a good, clear type, on excellent paper, and nicely got up. There is also a larger edition, containing 31 coloured plates, published at 48s,—G.T.P. NOTES ee, NEWS. Mr. R.7.H son, M.A., L.S., of the Live st University College, began i n the ‘ Tote of Botany’ os Apri ril 1 1892 a series of ‘ Observations on British. Marine e Alge,’ eae first a ae treating of the Antheridia of Polysiphonia elongella, the Escape and Conjugati Zoogametes in ba, ss compressa and the a set of Spores of Britis Marine species of Chantra ay seg Ken & Co., 1892), - which a sion lies b book, which it is leasing to note has reached a thisd. ye ition, a idea cn i i d* Rape : the foxhound in question, gives us his story in an entertaining manner. a aden oe and is worthy of attention when the mind requires pass from dees ject. mg — of § aa on Sach the G material was contributed by Mi Nee Naylor 2 Bradford, ‘in the form of a gathering in the Orkneys, but most of it is result of Mr, West’s own ine research among the Soottish mountains. July 1893, ° NOTE—FISHES. Codfish and its Appetite——On May oth a large Codfish cage i was caught at Flamborough by Benjamin Crees, pore teace with 59 fish-hooks its stomach ; when taken it was only in poor oo 3 the h Les were middle size, and what are called tinned backs hey a ow in the possession of Mr. John Duke.—MATTHEW BAILEY, pool ee dy Peat 19th, 1893. Sits are seein td Badger oon saree cage ee —As this animal (J/e/es taxus) is now becoming while record its ea near this town. An adult n J Nottingham Museum. A second s mably a female, was seen in the same locality.—J. W. C inks Uatecesity ates, Hultiiveles, aay ee 1893. pe oe Mie a bas ai e Turtle Dove and Nightingale near Goole. . Thomas Bunker has kindly sent me a very fine specimen of the I i er Dove ay vtur Rergenewe — was obtained at Rawcliffe on in _ S . Bunker states that he before had a Turtle Dove sen m the cality pair of i i (Daulias ‘isctatd} pes this year taken up their abode within two miles of sete = st they will be left in peace. —RILEY FORTUNE, Harrogate, May 17th, 18 Lesser Whi eit ts Bakewell.—In ‘Birds of al faue a ae Whitlock states, with regard to the r at (Sylvia curruca) th Mr. Storrs Fox has not Pcasaisee it near Bakewell.’ On Whit Friday, May prs 1885, I found two nests with eggs, not a mile Pal Bakewell Church. In each case the F. BROWNsworD, Heaton ree Shosanent, June 4th, 1 Gulley Tern in Lancashire.—Mr. Mitchell, in his ‘ Bi rds of Lancashire,’ states that the Lesser Tern (Sterza minuta) used to is we ed between Lytham and Blac h ulati big g searched t a for a fortnight. Jn 1892 I eo oot 5 see a single bird.—F. BROWNSWORD, Heaton moon, Sto ig » June 4th, e Distri trict.—Duri a_recent visi ozen pairs town. In the immediate neighbour I met with pairs at Levens “Hall, and ffs were not so plentiful as at the former place, but I m eed hag. an exceptional year rther extension north of its r. The Willow Wren (Pili “recils) fad the Wood Warbler (Pyllascopus age vix) I met with in abun Mr. Macpherson’s remark hon _— species is sufficiently. pie ce to ot tt interesting is a very appy oticed in nearly every locality that where - iffchaff was pra Lies a iachow sein a also haunted the wood.—F. B. WHITLOCK, Beeston, Notts, June 15th Naturalist, NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S., Assisted by G. S. WEST (National Scholar in Biology). In 1878 and 1879, I made some small gatherings of Algz on Riccall Common, which were not exhaustively examined until recently. They have proved to be rich in Desmids but poor in Diatoms. In 1892, my sons and I made a fair number of gatherings in a walk from Beverley, through Tickton and Routh, past Meaux Abbey to Waghen and Sutton : these would have proved richer had they been collected later in the season, but as it is, they are fairly rich in Diatoms. Mr. W. H. Youdale, F.R.M.S., of Cockermouth, kindly made a good gathering for me at Hoenace Mere, and I have also to thank Mr. J. Beanland, of Bradford, who collected for me at Loftsome Bridge near Wressle and at Newsholme near Howden. The genera EZpithemia and Eunotia are poorly represented, though the scarcity of species of the latter genus is not to be wondered at from such a flat district. ALG&, Ciass CONFERVOIDEZH HETEROGAM, OrDER (EDOGONIACEA, Cdogonium platygynum Wittr. Riccall Common, Crass. cell, veg. 9°6—11p; altit. 3—4 plo major ; 3 Oogon,. 262; i ees » OOSpor. 21; 9» 16°3fy Crass CONFERVOIDEH ISOGAME, OrDER CONFERVACEA, Conferva bombycina Ag. forma genuina Wille. | Waghen; near Meaux Abbey ; Newsholme. Conferva bombycina forma minor Wille. Beverley; Riccall ommon ; Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. Conferva floccosa (Vauch.) Ag. Waghen, Rhizoclonium flavicans Jurg. Newsholme, Chzetophora pisiformis (Roth.) Ag. Beverley, Draparnaldia plumosa Ag. Beverley. ee July 1893. WEST: NOTES .ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 213 Penium cucurbitinum Biss. Riccall Common. Penium minutum (Ralfs) Cleve. Riccall Common. Cylindrocystis Brebissonii Menegh. Riccall Common. Cylindrocystis crassa D.By. East of Selby. Tetmemorus levis (Kiitz.) Ralfs. East of Selby. Mesotenium micrococcum (Kiitz.) Kirchn. East of Selby. Euastrum ansatum Ehrmb. Riccall Common. Euastrum pectinatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Euastrum rostratum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Euastrum elegans (Bréb.) Kiitz. Riccall Common. Euastrum erosum Lund. var. notabile West. Riccall Common. Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. Euastrum binale var. elobatum Lund. Riccall Common. Euastrum denticulatum (Kirchn.) Gay. Riccall Common. Cosmarium quadratum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Cosmarium Hammeri Reinsch. Riccall Common. Cosmarium granatum Bréb. Hornsea Mere ; Riccall Common. Cosmarium granatum var. subgranatum Nord. Hornsea Mere. Long. 26°5—27°5 #; lat. 19°8—21°3 »; lat. isthm. 6°6—8°3 p. Cosmarium pyramidatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium pseudopyramidatum Lund. Riccall Common. Cosmarium galeritum Nord. Riccall Common. -Cosmarium Phaseolus Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium bioculatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium tinctum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Cosmarium succisum West. Riccall Common. _ Cosmarium impressulum Elfv. Hornsea Mere. Cosmarium venustum (Bréb.) Arch. Riccail Common ; Horn- sea Mere. _ | Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. Riccall Common ; Hornsea Mere ; Newsholme. a : Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. forma coctangularis Wille. -Riccall Common ; Hornsea Mer Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. var. . Wollei Lagerh. Riccall Common. -Cosmarium Regnesii Reinsch. Riccall Common, abundant. — < Long. 8.3—r12°1 mw; lat. 9°3—13°5 # ; lat. isthm. 4°4—5°8 p. _ Cosmarium —— Nord. Riccall Common:; ; Hornsea o Mere. July 7893, 214 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. Cosmarium undulatum Corda. Riccall Common. Cosmarium tetraophthalmum (Kiitz.) Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium tetraophthalmum var. Lundellii Wittr. Hornsea Mere. Cosmarium margaritiferum (Turp.) Menegh. Riccall Common; Hornsea Mere. Cosmarium Portianum Arch. Riccall Common. Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs.) Arch. Riccall Common. Cosmarium punctulatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium subpunctulatum Nord. Riccall Common. Cosmarium subpunctulatum Nord. forma cum apicibus minus late truncatis. Hornsea Mere. Cosmarium Botrytis (Bory) Menegh. NHornsea Mere; Riccall Common ; Newsholme ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Cosmarium formosulum Hoff. Riccall Common. Cosmarium premorsum Bréb. Riccall Common. Cosmarium Broomei Thw. Riccall Common. Cosmarium confusum Cooke var. regularius Nord. Riccall Common. Cosmarium ornatum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Cosmarium moniliforme (Turp.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. Cosmarium moniliforme forma panduriformis Heimer. Riccall Common. Long. 17°7 »; lat. rop; lat. isthm. 774}. Xanthidium aculeatum Ehmb. Riccall Common. Xanthidium cristatum Bréb. Riccall Common. mene octocornis Ehrnb. Riccall Common. smus Ralfsii West. Riccall Common. Acthegieee convergens Ehmb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum dejectum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum connatum (Lund.) Roy. et Biss. Riccall Common. Staurastrum apiculatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum Dickiei Ralfs. Riccall Common. Staurastrum brevispinum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum cuspidatum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum avicula Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum teliferum Ralfs. Riccall Common. : Staurastrum asperum Bréb. Riccall Common. WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 215 Staurastrum muticum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum orbiculare (Ehrnb.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. Staurastrum orbiculare var. depressum Roy. et Biss. Riccall Common Ractacthin alternans Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum dilatatum Ehrnb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum brachiatum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Staurastrum tricorne (Bréb.) Menegh. Riccall Common. Staurastrum cyrtocerum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum polymorphum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum gracile Ralfs. Riccall Common. Staurastrum paradoxum Meyen. Riccall Common. Staurastrum controversum Bréb. Riccall Common. Staurastrum vestitum Ralfs. Riccall Common. Staurastrum oxyacanthum Arch. Riccall Common. Staurastrum tetracerum (Kiitz.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. Crass MULTINUCLEATA. OrpverR SIPHONE. Vaucheria sericea Lyngb. Beverley. Vaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) DC. Newsholme; near Sutton; near Meaux Abbey. Crass CCENOBIE. OrperR PANDORINE#. Pandorina morum Miill. Hornsea Mere. Chlamydococcus pluvialis A.Br. Beverley. ORDER PEDIASTRE#. Pediastrum Boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. Hornsea Mere. Pediastrum gracile A.Br. Riccall Common Pediastrum tetras (Ehrnb.) Ralfs. Dispositio es ‘ Riccall Common. OrpDER SORASTRE#. eres rectangularis (Nag.) A.Br. Hornsea Mere. neue sphzricum Nag. Riccall Common. . m microporum Nag. Riccall Common. 216 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. PROTOPHYTA. Group SCHIZOPHYCE. CLass PROTOCOCCOIDE. OrDER EREMOBIE#, Ophiocytium cochleare (Eich.) A.Br. Near Meaux Abbey; Riccall Common ; Waghen ; Routh ; Newsholme. Dictyosphzrium Ehrenbergianum Nig. Hornsea Mere; Newsholme. Hydrianum heteromorphum Reinsch. Newsholme. Nephrocytium Agardhianum Nag. Riccall Common. Nephrocytium Nagelii Grun. Newsholme, Oocystis solitaria Wittr. Hornsea Mere. OrDER PROTOCOCCACEZ (incl. Palmellacea). Pleurococcus vulgaris Menegh. Common. Chlorococcum gigas (Kiitz.) Grun. Near Meaux Abbey. Gleocystis ampla (Kiitz.) Rabh. Riccall Common; Newsholme. Gleocystis vesiculosa Nag. Riccall Common ; Routh ; News- holme. Schizochlamys gelatinosa A.Br. Near Meaux Abbey. Botryococcus Braunii Kitz. Hornsea Mere. Urococcus insignis (Hass.) Kiitz. Near Sutton. Rhaphidium polymorphum Fres. var. falcatum (Corda) Rabh. Riccall Common. Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. Hornsea Mere; Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. es acutus ig Riccall Common ; Horses a Tetraidron regulare Kitz Riccall Common. Cass PHYCOCHROMOPHYCE. Sus-CLass NOSTOCHINE. OrDER NOSTOCACE. Nostoc microscopicum Carm. Riccall Common. Anabzna Flos-aquz Bréb. Hornsea Mere. Crass. cell. 5; crass. ee ey TPS long. Spor. : hen = cade oe - WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALGZ. 217 Anabena oscillarioides Bory. (Born. et Flah., Revis. des Nostoc. Heterocyst., quatr. et. dernier fragm., p. 233 ; 4. Ralfsit Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Alg., p. 237, tab. 94, fig. 1.) _Newsholme. A slightly smaller form. Crass. cell. 3°5—-4m; crass. heterocyst. 6—6'5u; long. heterocyst. 6°5—7°7; long. spor. 17°3—34'5m; lat. spor. 9510p. ee Pee (L.) Ralfs. forma paullo minor. Riccall Com Crass. Mika 4p; crass. spor. 5—8p ; long. spor. 30—5op. OrpeR SCYTONEMACE2. Tolypothrix lanata (Desv.) Wartm. Riccall Common rass. fil.=13°5- 16; crass. trichom. 8°6—9° ba: long. heterocyst. g—12p; lat. heterocyst. r1°*5—15p. Tolypothrix tenuis Kiitz. Riccall Common. OrpER OSCILLARIACE#. Oscillaria Frolichii Kiitz. Beverley; Routh; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Oscillaria limosa (Roths.) Ag. Waghen. Sus-CLass CHROOCOCCACE#, OrpER CHROOCOCCACE®. Chreococcus turgidus (Kiitz.) Nag. Riccall Common ; Hornsea Mer : Microcystis protogenita (Bias.) Rabh. Routh. _ Clathrocystis zruginosa (Kiitz.) Henfr. Hornsea Mere, - Merismopedia glauca (Ehrmb.) Nig. Riccall Common. _ Merismopedia punctata Meyen. Riccall Common. | oo Joly Hips. = : Tetrapedia Reinschiana Arch. Riccall Common. y CLASS DIATOMACE#. Cyclotetta. operculata (Ag.) Kiitz. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Melosira varians Ag. Resco; ; Newsholme. Surirella panduriformis Sm. Tickton. Surirella biseriata (Ehrnb.) Bréb. Beverley. Surirella —— Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey. 218 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. Surirella splendida (Ebrnb.) Kiitz. Beverley. Surirella ovata Kiitz. Routh; Beverley; near Meaux Abbey. Surirella salina Sm. Waghen. Surirella minuta Bréb. Routh; Beverley; Newsholme; Tickton; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen pinnata Sm. Beikcies ; Routh ; Newsholme. Combatants elliptica (Bréb.) Sm. Routh. Cymatopleura Solea (Bréb.)Sm. Beverley; Tickton; Newsholme; Routh ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Epithemia turgida (Ehmb.) Kiitz. Newsholme. Epithemia Sorex Kiitz. Hornsea Mere. Epithemia Argus (Ehrnb.) Kiitz. Newsholme. Eunotia incisa Greg. Riccall Common. Eunotia bidens (Greg.) Rabh. Riccall Common. Cymbella cuspidata Kiitz. Beverley ; Tickton. Cymbella ventricosa Ag. Routh ; near Sutton ; Beverley. Cocconema lanceolatum Ehrnb. Beverley. Cocconema cymbiforme (Kiitz.) Ehrnb. Riccall Common; Beverley. Cocconema Cistula Hempr. Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Encyonema czspitosum Kiitz, Tickton ; Routh; Beverley. Amphora minutissima Sm. Beverley. Amphora ovalis Kitz. Routh ; Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Tickton. Cocconeis Pediat Ehrnb. Beverley. Cocconeis placentula Ehrb. Hornsea Mere; Routh; News- holme ; Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Achnasthitian microcephalum Kiitz. Tickton ; : Waghen te Routh. Achnanthidium lanceolatum Bréb. Beverley ; Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. Achnanthes exilis Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Newsholme; _ Tickton; Beverley. Rhoicosphenia euete (Kiitz.) Rabh. N ewsholme. ntidium hiemale (Lyngb.) Kiitz. Beverley. - Odontidium mutabile Sm. Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near — Wressle ; Waghen. _ Odontidium Tabellaria Sm. Beverley. ae WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG&. 219 Fragilaria capucina Desmaz. ‘Tickton; near Meaux Abbey ; Newsholme ; Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Diatoma vulgare Bory. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Diatoma elongatum Ag. Beverley; Newsholme; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Synedra pulchella Kiitz. Tickton; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Beverley ; Riccall Common. Synedra enitiutissiinn Kiitz. ?; Sm. Diat. I. fig. 87. Newsholme. Synedra Vaucheriz Kiitz. Newsholme. Synedra Ulna Ehrnb. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Beverley ; Waghen. Synedra splendens Kiitz. Beverley ; Routh. Synedra splendens Kiitz. var. equalis (Kiitz.) Rabh. _ Riccall Common. Synedra capitata Ehrnb. Beverley. Synedra Acus Kiitz. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; News- holme ; near Meaux Abbey. Tryblionella angustata Sm. Newsholme; Beverley. Nitzschia Amphioxys (Ehrnb.) Sm. Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. Nitzschia_ constricta (Kiitz.) Pritch. Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Tickton; Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. Nitzschia parvula Sm. Riccall Common; Beverley; Waghen. Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) Sm. Beverley ; Routh. Nitzschia curvula (Ehmb.) Sm. Routh; Beverley; Waghen. Nitzschia linearis (Ag.) Sm. Beverley; Tickton ; Routh ; near Meaux Abbey. Nitzschia tenuis Sm. Beverley ; Newsholme ; Loftsome per near Wressle ; Tickton; Routh. Nitzschiella Closterium (Ehrnb.) Rabb. Beverley. Nitzschiella acicularis (Kiitz.) Rabh. Routh ; near Sutton ; Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Nitzschiella gracilis (Bréb.) Rab. (= Niteschia Tania Sm.). Waghen. Navicula cuspidata Kiitz. Riccall Common; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. _Navicula limosa (Kiitz.) Grun. Beverley. Navicula inflata Kiitz. cae. asia. Beverley. Atos — 220 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. Navicula amphisbzena Bory. Waghen; Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Navicula sphzrophora Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Beverley. Navicula pusilla Sm. Tickton; Routh; Beverley ; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. \ avicula anglica Ralfs. Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. Navicula rhynchocephala Kiitz. Beverley; Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle ; Waghen ; Tickton ; near Meaux Abbey. Navicula Dirhynchus Ehrnb. Near Sutton; Routh; Beverley. Navicula Amphirhynchus Ehrnb. Beverley. Navicula producta Sm. Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. Navicula appendiculata Kiitz. forma exilis Grun. Newsholme. Navicula exilis (Kiitz.) Grun. Near Meaux Abbey ; Beverley ; Routh; Waghen ; Tickton; Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle ; Newsholme. Navicula angustata Sm. Near Meaux Abbey; Newsholme; Waghen ; Beverley ; Tickton. Navicula cryptocephala Kiitz. Tickton ; Waghen. Navicula veneta Kiitz. Newsholme. Navicula dicephala Ehrnb. Near Meaux Abbey ; Beverley ; Routh ; Waghen ; Tickton. Pinauiar nobilis Ehrnb. Beverley. Pinnularia viridis (Ehrnb.) Rabh. Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle; near Meaux Abbey; Tickton; near Sutton; - Newsholme. Pinnularia peregrina Ehrnb. Tickton. Pinnularia radiosa (Kiitz.) Rabh. Beverley ; Riccall Common ; Tickton ; near Meaux Abbey ; Routh ; Waghen. Pinnularia radios (Kiitz.) Rabh. var. silesiaca (Bleisch) Rabb. s Beverley. Pinnularia viridula (Kiitz.) Rabh. Tickton. Pinnularia mesolepta Sm. Tickton ; Beverley ; near ‘Meaux ae Abbey. Pinnularia Brebissonii (Kiitz.)) Rabh. Tickton; Beverley , eo near Meaux Abbey. Frustulia saxonica Rabh. forma aquatica Rabh. Beverley; Waghen. Pleurosigma attenuatum (Kiitz.) Sm. Breet: 3 Pleurosigma lacustre Sm. Hornsea Mere; Tickton; Loftsome maaie near eee Beverley ; Waghen ; Newsholme. — = July 1893. 1893, NOTES AND NEWS. 221 Pleurosigma Spencerii (Quekett) Sm. Beverley; Routh. Stauroneis Phcenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrnb. Tickton. Stauroneis anceps Ehrnb. Routh; Tickton. Pleurostaurum Legumen (Ehrnb.) Rabh. Beverley. Gomphonema tenellum Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Routh; Waghen ; Beverley ; near Sutton ; Newsholme. Gomphonema dichotomum Kiitz. Waghen; near Sutton; near Meaux Abbey ; Rout Tickton. Gomphonema capitatum Eh b. _Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Gomphonema constrictum Ehmb. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Newsholme. Comphonsma acuminatum Ehrnb. Near Sutton; Newsholme; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Gomphonema olivaceum (Lynab) Kiitz. Near Sutton; Newsholme ; near Meaux Abbey. Gomphonema intricatum em Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Bev — ; Routh; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Tickton ; near Abb Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kiitz. Riccal Common. NOTES AND NEWS. We are glad to see that Mr. ie phn isa s to ea at Eainbargh = prevent the continuance of his the geology of the rong and Ping 2g tag denice: pense a pte A of reprints Aci he ms f his Not tes on the Water das god Edenside,’ from the latest and Or iati land,’ and gives the author’s views on the formation of limestone in _ eral, as well as an account of those in the area considered. As usual, Mr. Goodchild aenphiys the stratigraphical materials ps reconstruct in imagination - the physical geography of oe pee past, a fascinating, if rather hazardous branch of The recent a: pearance of a third edition of Stoddart’ Amciee © ompanion’ (Simpkin, mn Martell, Hamilton, Kent & Co., i 2s the publishers have sent us for notice, is another evidence of tne pere' Soak popdturity ot the gentle craft. i ce of n hundred different works, there would piling o be no end, and so keen - enthusiast, and so excellent an observer and angler as Stoddart, is oa no danger of being forgotten among a crowd of friendl. y rivals. The prese —_— edition differs in no material nee : ota with these matters have naturally been omitted. The most accom plished a plished angler may still find — new ina _—— f these familiar pages. THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. Tue first meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union for the present year took place on Whit-Monday, May 22nd. The day was gloriously fine, and the rains of the previous week had but added to the beauty of the scenery, and caused an exhilarating feeling of freshness to pervade everything. The district planned for investigation comprised the neighbour- hood of the villages of Aysgarth and Carperby, the lower slopes of ager and the picturesque dales of Bishopdale and Waldendale. content with a single day, many members passed the week- end in i thie district, and certainly a ‘better spot for spending a few days could hardly be desired, and these had been able to obtain a fair quantity of specimens before the rest of the members arrived on the Monday. Permission had been kindly given by Lord Bolton, of Bolton Hall, and Mr. Thomas Bradley, of Bear Park, for the investigation of their estates, but as it was the nesting season the members abstained, at Lord Bolton’s request, from visiting the moorlands. The river banks in the immediate neighbourhood of Aysgarth were well investigated, and though not a few of the naturalists preferred to take independent routes, many took the route which followed the river banks from Yore Mills to the stepping-stones, as far as the stagnant pools in the Strand pasture, then leaving the river bank and working back by way of Carperby. The Freeholders’ Wood at Carperby was found very productive by a party of botanists under the leadership of Miss pees of Sampethy, an accomplished botanist ; whilst the tel most valuable guide - in Mr. Edward Chapman, the veteran naturalist of the same — — who possesses a most extensive knowledge of the birds and of the district, and whose list of Wensleydale birds, published in ‘de ss ‘Naturalist’ a few years ago, was the standard of reference. The geologists were fortunate enough to secure the services of Mr. J- Je Goodchild, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of England and Wales, by whom much of the work of surveying this district for the _ : Geological Map had been done. By five o’clock the majority of the members had found their way to the Palmer Flatt Hotel, wont a substantial meat tea had been provided. After tea, the evening being fine, the general meeting was held : 4 - out on the lawn, Mr. John Gerrard, M.B.O.U., occupying the chair. bea! Ns, in his Csi temarks, bron forward } in a — ee THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 223 manner the good the Y.N.U. was doing in systematic researches in all the branches of natural history, and the fact that much good and useful material was lying unpublished, owing to the lack of funds, and urged upon each member individually to increase the number of members so that this work could be accomplished. The minutes having been taken as read, the next duty was the election of the following new members :—Mr. Reginald H. Barker, Scarborough ; Mr. Eugene Bean, York; Mr. Joseph Coe, Hull; Mr. Robert Dutton, York ; Mr. Chas. E. Elmhirst, York ; Mr. C. N. Goode, Harrogate; Mr. Avacid Greenwood, Halifax ; Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, Leeds; Mr. Donald S. Mackay, York; Mr. F. W. Mills, F.R.M.S., Hriddepefield ; Mr. Stephen Berkinect Leeds ; Mr. Edward Peake, M.A., Giesleasick: Mr. John Sayner, Harrogate; Mr. Tom Stevenson, North Stainley; Mr. Joseph R. Waldby, Harrogate; Mr. J. W. Warwick, Harrogate; Mr. Arthur Wilkinson, York; Mr. H. J. Wilkinson, York. The list of societies was then called over, the following sixteen being represented :—Wakefield and Bradford Naturalists’ Societies, Leeds Naturalists’ Club, Leeds Geological Association, Dewsbury Naturalists’ Society, Malton Naturalists’ Society, Ripon Naturalists’ Club, Cleveland Naturalists’ Club, Harrogate and District Naturalists’ and Scientific Society, Thirsk Natural History Society, Craven Naturalists’ Association, Ellesmere School Natural History Society, Hull Scientific Club, Scarborough Field Naturalists’ Society, Darlington Naturalists’ Field Club, and Leeds Co-operative Field tae numbering altogether about seventy members. y vote of thanks was then passed to Lord Bolton, of Bolton Hall, and Mr. Thomas Bradley, of Bear Park, for granting permission to the members to visit their estates, and also to the leaders of the various parties, after which the sectional reports were then called for. For the Vertebrate Section, its secretary, Mr. Riley Fortune, FZS., reported that among the members present were Messrs. J. , M.B.O.U. (President), W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S., J. Green- wood, Farrah, and R. Fortune, F.Z.S. (Hon. Secretary): No systematic route was followed by this section, the members dispersing over a wide area—a method which is certainly deserving Of encouragement, as the district visited is by this means more thoroughly worked. During the day Mr. Chapman, of Carperby, accompanied some of the members and gave them the benefit of his Unique experience. The pleasure of inspecting his local Se of stuffed birds was one of the features of the day. Amon : birds were noticed a Raven, Common Buzzard, Golden-eye, etc. — July 1893. 224 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. Mr. Chapman has had many local rarities through his hands at various times, as for instance, specimens of the Little Auk, Storm e During the day he pointed out during the excursion was the great number of Starlings to be seen on all sides, intent only upon one thing, viz., procuring food for their numerous offspring. Every hole, nook, or cranny seemed to be tenanted by a squirming family of these birds. The large number inhabiting the district must certainly be appreciated by the farmers, as the benefit derived by them from the birds is incalculable. It is _ : interesting to note that the Swift and Mole were observed at the height of 1,100 feet on Pennel, and that a pair of Buzzards nested — on the moors last season; the young ones, we regret to say, were taken. The following is a complete list of the vertebrates. An asterisk (*) indicates that the eggs of this species were found, and a dagger (t) that young birds were seen :— 10. Great Tit. Tawny Owl. tCoal Tit. parrow Hawk Commo Shrew. se Tit Ring Dove. toat, pl tailed Field Mouse. Pied V Wagtail. Partridge. House Mouse, *tGrey Wagtail. tRed Grouse. Brown Rat. Yellow Wagtail. Water Vole. *Meadow Pipit. Coot. Red Field Vole. *Tree Pipit. *Waterhen. Hare. *Spotted Flycatcher. Golden Plover. Rabbit. *Swallow. Lapwing. : *Martin. Common Snipe. — 6r. *Sand Martin. *Common Sandpiper, *tMissel Thrush. Greenfinch. Redshank. *tSong Thrush. Sparrow. Cue. *t Blackbird. *Chaffinch.. *Black-headed Gull. Ring Ouzel. “Lesser Redpole. a Dipper. Yellow Bunting. _ Reptile, 1. — eatear. Common — Common Lizard. inchat. - Skylark. * Redstart. *+Starling. _ Amphibians, | obi Magpie. ‘Smooth Newt. Whitethroat. Jackdaw, Common Toad. Garden Warbler. Crow. Frog. chaff. tRook. *Willow Wren. Swift. gs. *Wood Wren. Kingfisher. Minnow. _ Sedge Warbler. Cuckoo. Trout. Hedge Sparrow. tBarn Owl. Grayling. THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 225 In the absence of the officers of the Conchological Section, the report on the day’s proceedings was given by Mr. T. A. Lofthouse, of Middlesbrough, by whom and Messrs. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., and Edward Chapman, assisted by members of the other sections, who brought shells for identification, most of the work had been done. The section was not, however, by any means sufficiently represented to admit of the thorough examination of a district of such a varied character as Aysgarth presents, and the dryness of the weather further militated against conchological work. The total number of mollusca obtained was 31, comprising six slugs, three freshwater and 22 land shells. Of these no less than to were additional records to the published lists for the district. One of the additions was P/anorbis albus, found in the stagnant. pools or old river-channels in the Strands pasture, near Carperby. Other four were slugs, viz., Arion subfuscus and Limax marginatus (= arborum) from Strands pasture, and A. minimus and A. circumscriptus from _Carperby. The remaining five were land shells, viz.. Zyavinia ive (with var. margaritacea), I. fulva, Cochlicopa lubrica, and Carychiu: minimum, all found in the vicinity of Aysgarth Falls, and Helix nemoraiis found on the hills above Hawbank Woods. In addition to these Helix cricetorum was found in several fresh ogee: near Carperby. The other species observed were Arvo: , Helix hortensis, and Balea perversa at Carperby, Vitrina gies and Clausifia rugosa at Aysgarth Falls, He/tx /apicida common near _Redmire, Hyalinia celloria and Pupa cylindracea at Aysgarth, Helix rupestris common on _ limestone walls throughout the district, i. arbustorum and var. flavescens, H. rufescens and H7. hispida about Carperby and Aysgarth, H. sericea common on nettles near Carperby and also at the Falls, Agriolimax agrestis, Hyalinia alliaria, ff. nitidula, Helix rotundata, and Succinea putris throughout, and Limnea peregra i and Ancylus fuviatilis i in the river. oe report was given by the President, Mr James H. ‘Rowiree ‘who writes that the following members _ of the section were also present :—Mr. Walter F. Baker rata Mr. M. L. Thompson, Mr. W. Hewett, and Mr. E. G. Pot 3 The luxuriantly wooded district and the remarkably meas _ character of the dale gave promise of great possibilities, which were hardly realised during the necessarily limited time available for investigation. Mr. W. Hewett and Mr. E. G. Potter, both of York, _ who had been staying some days in the district, sugared about sixty trees near Redmire on the zoth, but owing to the rain which fell unceasingly, both whilst sugaring and when visiting them after dark, the results were nil. a these unfavourable ———- = : 226 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. however, by their combined efforts the lepidopterists are able to record the following :— magines. Pieris brassicz. Rumia crategata. Emmelesia albulata. Pieris ne Selenia lunaria. Coremia munitata. Pieris nap Acronycta psi. Coremia ferrugata. aattinanese cardamines. Odontopera bidentata. | *Coremia propugnata. Chortobius pamphilus. Todis lactearia. Melanippe subtristata. Lyccena agestis. Strenia clathrata. Melanippe montanata. Lyccena alexis. Asthena candidata, Anticlea derivata. Procris globulariz. Cabera pusaria. Camptogramma bilineata. Procris statices. Fidonia atomaria. (* Coremia propugnata was fairly common, both at Redmire and Carperby.) Larve. Vanessa urtica. Cleora lichenaria. Cheimatobia brumata. Vanessa atalanta. Abraxas grossularia For the Coleoptera, Mr. Walter F. Baker reports that in the morning the vegetation was so very wet that it rendered ‘sweeping,’ which should have been the coleopterists’ best aid, of but little use ; but by noon the heat of the sun began to improve the state of things, and captures became more numerous, the large growth of nettles on the road leading up to the hotel receiving a fair share of attention and producing a good quantity of phytophagous beetles, including the various species of Phyllobius, Otiorhynchus, and Apion in the greatest abundance, whilst Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis and C. contractus (two species which, from their peculiar little habits, have well earned the name of ‘Happy Jack,’ by which they are — commonly known in some parts of the county) were, as usual, common. Returning through the village and going along by the side of the river, we came across the traces of some herbivorous © animals, and soon several “ee of Aphodius and Cercyon were — added to the list, and a fine specimen of Geotrupes vernalis, one of the a beetles.’ The very peculiar-looking larva of Sp m scarabaoide s was also obtained here. Passing up the - slope in panes of Mr. Thomas Bradley’s house, the steep bank-sides, — se well-wooded and covered with long vegetation as they were, looked ac : a likely place for the sweeping-net, and a very satisfactory quarter of an hour was spent there, the captures including Corymbites pectini- on . cornis, ¢. ve steers Athoiis hemorrhoidalis, Phadon cochlearia, and as Renee jain on, the loose stones by the river side next ‘hus mel a oe attention, and here Leistus fulvibarbis, Calathus melano-— , Nebria brevicoilis, and Amara familiaris entered ie ting ng bottle, whilst the obtrusive Tittle skew, ood pepioninger THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. 227 nothing special to attract the coleopterist, though a little belt of trees on the river-bank well repaid the trouble of beating and sweeping; but a little further on, a large willow tree which had fallen into the river, though still tethered to the bank by its roots, produced Melandrya canaliculata, whilst beneath the loose bark, _ Clivina fossor, strange to say, was abundant, probably driven to this moist situation by the excessive drought of the previous few weeks. Near here, the coleopterists were induced to stay some little time, owing to the alluring fascinations of a dead dog, but this did not provide the rich harvest they expected. Turning off into the Strands Pasture they came upon a series of pools, formed in an old Tiver-bed, and these, surrounded as they were by reeds, and displaying a fair amount of pond vegetation (including Potamogeton natans, always a promising sign for the coleopterist) looked like producing some ‘good things,’ but here they were signally disap- pointed. Elaphrus cupreus, shining like burnished copper, darted about over the green weed at the edge of the pool, and was a very pretty sight, and numbers of them could have been obtained ; but with regard to aquatic coleoptera, for some time not a trace could be found, though the larve of one of the caddis-worms (Limnophilus rhombicus) was very abundant, and the leaves of the Potamogeton were scored by the larve of one of the leaf-miners, but after about half an hour’s diligent search a single specimen of Helophorus aguaticus was obtained, and shortly afterwards the larva of Dytiscus and a pupa of one of the large dragon-flies. | From here the members made their way back to the hotel at Aysgarth, having spent a pleasant if not remarkably successful day. The total number of species obtained on that day by Mr. M. Lawson Thompson and the writer was seventy-two, a list of which is - given below:— Notiophilus biguttatus. Spheeridium scarabeoides. 228 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. Oxytelus laqueatus. Phzedon vaaperaiat Aphodius fossor. Phytodecta olivacea. Aphodius hoc ater Phyllodecta viteliine: Aphodius inatus. Apion vio! Aphi ius Gildas Apion trifolii Aph ter. Apion apri Geotrupes stercorarius. Otiorhynchus pi ss cipes. Geotrupes vernalis. Tropiphorus tomentosus. Athoiis hemorrhoidalis. Polydrusus micans. Athoiis vittatus. Polydrusus pterisgomalis. Dolopius marginatus. Phyllobius oblongus. Melandrya canaliculata. Phyllobius urtice. Corymbites quercus Phyllobi i Corymbites pectinicornis Phyllobius argentatus. Corymbites cupreus. Phyllobius viridiceris. A Sitones lineatus. Telephorus bicolor. celiodes quadrimaculatus. Telephorus nigricans v. discoideus. Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis. Telephorus hemorrhoidalis. Ceuthorrhynchus contractus. Rhagonycha limbata. Liosoma ovatulum Phzedon cochleariz. Rhinonchus subfasciatus. The Botanical Section was very strongly represented, those present including Mr. P. F. Lee (President), Mr. Albert H. Pawson (Secretary); Mr. W. Foggitt, of Thirsk; Mr. J. B. Foggitt, of Southport; Mr. R. Barnes, of Saltburn ; ati Mr. J. J. Marshall, of Market Weighton. The report was given by Mr. Albert H. Pawson, who also supplies the following account :— . The fine development of the Yoredale rocks, which are so inter- esting to the geologists in this part of the dale, is observed with great — pleasure by the botanist also, for he knows that each zone of the series will yield him a new list of plants. On the grit which caps the summits are the heaths and the moor berries—bilberry, crowberry, © cowberry, cloudberry, and cranberry ; the cotton grasses, and many rushes and sedges, all the plants which seek a high exposure, peaty soil, and stagnant moisture. The limestone scar lower down, and the short, sweet turf of its talus will have none of these burly ] citizens, but keeps choice company in its delicate spleenworts and _ saxifrages, drabas, geraniums, and rock-roses. The beds of shale which overlie it redeem it from the great dryness of the mountain limestone of Craven, and provide trickling ledges for the butterwort, ae patches, such as the bird’s eye primrose loves, a __damp pai out of ne the columbine may rear her lovely head ; and again the tich 1 e formed by the decomposition of these various rocks, cs peat, FN NawT limestone, and shale, gives the woods and meadows . _and pastures of the lowest slopes vol she dale & ep He he . Lea ae this or Bene oe hse aees THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 229 has had no power to harm, and one is inclined to believe that this is greatly owing to the continual recurrence of these impervious beds which crop out at successive levels down the sides of the slopes, and provide a natural system of surface irrigation. Everywhere the Sweetest spring verdure prevailed, and the flowers sparkled in the lush grass—summer flowers many of them were, owing to the great forwardness of the season. On the floor of the valley are several Swamps and marshy tracts which were hailed with great delight by the party, and they were not disappointed, for they afforded many good Plants, and most of this varied ground was worked by one or other of them, for several had been on the spot since Saturday, and others had walked over from Wharfedale on the Sunday, finding Rubus chamemorus flowering as freely as the wood anemone about the water-parting, and accompanied by Saxifraga granu/ata in great abundance, from the ridge almost as far as Aysgarth, where it seems to be less frequent. Jack Wood was searched on Sunday, and also lower Waldendale. On Monday two or more parties worked the river-banks on both sides from the lower Force almost to the stepping- stones, under the skilled guidance of Miss Bradley, of Carperby, who led them to the home of several rare plants, including A//ium vineale cula vulgaris, Orchis ustulata, Stellaria nemorum of a very luxuriant form, and Polygonum viviparum. The side valley of Ellerbeck, and its swamp, were also visited, and the refuse-heaps of the old lead- mines at this spot. Here, as always, like groundsel in a garden, were found on this débris of the mineral vein, Avenaria verna, with its Crony, Thlaspi occitanum, and, what is not so usual, beds of thrift, _ Covering a rood of ground, in perfect bloom—a marvel of beauty, _ With large flowers of every shade from palest pink to deepest rose. Others of us accompanied the geologists to the summit of Penhill, ‘Gathering the tiny Auschinsia, not yet out of flower, and observing _ the Parsley, Hard and Holly Ferns. The more uncommon of the plants noted on this delightful excursion were, in addition ot tee _ Some already mentioned :—Aguilegia vulgaris, T) Trollius europaus, Draba incana, Saxifraga hypnoides, Menyanthes trifoliata, veal S crepis comosa, Rubus saxatilis, Rosa spinosissima, Rosa mollissé = : Geum intermedium, Lithospermum officinale, Euonymus ora : squamaria, Asplenium trichomanes, A. ruta-muraria, — ee A. viride, Allosorus crispus, Polystichum aculeatum, Selaginella oe slaginoide Sesleria carulea, =— nutans, M. uniflora, Bromus — comme - murt- : 230 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. cata, C. precox, C. panicea, C. paludosa, C. ampullacea, C. acuta, C. glauca, C. flava, C. sylvatica. Mr. John Farrah notes that the following plants were collected | that do not appear in Mr. John Percival’s list :— Ranunculus hederaceus, Doronicum pardalianches, Humulus lupulus, Salix helix, an Bromus erectus. Geranium pheum was reported as a well-established garden-escape at Carperby, by Miss Bradley. For the Geological Section, in the absence of all its officers, Mr. J. G. Goodchild, F.G.S., gave Re report, and the following account is supplied by him :— The principal object of the Section on the occasion of this visit to Aysgarth, was to compare the development of the Lower Car- boniferous Rocks of Wensleydale with their equivalent strata in the dales to the north. Without entering into details, for which reference should be made to the maps and memoirs published by the Geological Survey, the nature of the differences between the types of rock prevailing in each of these areas may be gathered from the following outline of the geology of the district. Wensleydale proper consists mainly of Lower Carboniferous © rocks, which lie almost horizontally over the greater part of the area. What inclination the strata may have over any part of the district is generally very small in amount (neglecting the areas around Carperby — Scars) ; and may be said to be, in a general way, towards the North | : around Hawes, and towards the North-east in the district around Aysgarth. The fall of the bed of the Yore from Hawes to Aysgarth keeps almost exact pace with the dip of the rocks; so that nearly the same strata form the river-bed all the way from the village of Hardra to a mile or so below Redmire. To the east of that point the rocks dip faster than the fall of the river-bed, so that successively — higher strata descend to the Yore as it is followed towards the lone . end of the dale. - ae The dale may be said to be carried mainly out of a great pile— o entne Chacon heeled © sandstones, and shales, together with chert beds and coal seams. : : All these are of marine origin, and form the Yoredale Rocks se Professor Phillipe. This member of the Carboniferous Series can be traced without any important break, from Craven, through the — : ~ north of England, into the basins of the Clyde and the Forth, Below the Yoredale Rocks, whose lowest limestone is that of ‘Hardra Fors, come: : ie. Mountain Limestone, which is so well car . oo played around n Ingleborough. In ee oles: its uppermost D ce sist of thick m ee ee alone occur, and the bottom of the valleys _ proper to clear water, that is to THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 231 some thin bands of shale, and with, at least, one band of sandstone. This latter is seen north of Hawes, at West Burton below the Fors, and again at Redmire Fors. It is the lowest stratum exposed any- where in the dale. The shaly bands referred to as occurring in the overlying limestone give rise, by their unequal rate of weathering, compared with that of the limestone, to some of the more interesting waterfalls of the dale—Gale Fors, all three of the waterfalls at Aysgarth,* Abbey Fors at Askrigg, and West Burton Fors. Above the Yoredale Rocks at one time occurred the whole of the Millstone Grit and the Coal Measures, amounting in the aggregate to many thousands of feet. At the present day nearly all this vast pile as been carried away by denudation (acting at various periods in the past); so that now only fragments of the lowest members of the Millstone Grit survive, and occur as outliers capping the highest fells of the district. A fine display of these Upper Carboniferous rocks is exposed on the summit of Pennel (or ‘Pen Hill’). The chief lithological changes traceable amongst the Yoredale Rocks were studied in some detail on the ground. Stated in general terms they may be said to be closely connected with the condition under which the rocks themselves were formed. All through the Yoredale period (most especially during the formation of the lime- stones and cherts, less so through that of the coals and shales, and _ least through that of the sandstones), deep-water conditions prevailed over the area where Wensleydale now stands, while to the north-west of that part rivers, flowing south-eastward, were advancing their — deltas towards the open sea. Intermittent subsidences during the growth of the deltas periodically carried their newly-formed slopes of mud and sand north-westward as the sea-bottom sank, and in that way periodically superinduced deep-water conditions over areas that would otherwise have shallowed through the seaward advance of the deltas Thus eds the north-west of any given point in 1 the dale delta materials, i.e., sandstones, shales, and coals, tend to come on in _ greater force; while in the opposite direction, or towards the south- _ east, where deep-sea conditions predominated, such terrigenous = _ deposits tend to thin away, brew the ——— deposits oe Strata, tend concurrently to maintain ‘their thickness or even to increase. As a necessary consequence the sandstones lessen in importance as they are followed howatds = south-east, passing first 3 |e shoud be noted that the eke as a a a a : ‘Aysgarth ee ee, form of ie ome acute G.G. 232 NOTES AND NEWS. into shales, and these, by slow degrees, into shales more and more calcareous until, eventually, they pass into pure limestones. This will serve to explain the predominance of deep-sea limestones over deposits of terrigenous origin as the Yoredale Rocks are followed from the north-west south-eastward. It would also lead us to expect that, as these rocks tend south-eastward they would gradually pass into one undivided mass of limestone. Such a to be the case, and, in this state, they have often been mistaken for the Mountain Limestone proper. In the course of the excursion special attention was given to the demonstration of the foregoing principles by reference to facts visible in the field. Amongst other geological phenomena noticed was the origin of secondary silica, of which several excellent examples were met with. A demonstration upon this subject was ably given by Professor Percy F. Kendall. Another subject discussed in the presence of the facts was the evidence for the former existence of a rock-basin extending up the Yore from the upper falls at Aysgarth. It was pointed out that the river has only within recent times, geologically speaking, cut its way through this rock-barrier at Aysgarth and thus drained the above-lying lake. The subject of the origin of the scars and terraces of limestone was also discussed in the field at some length, and it was shown that their present con- formation can only be explained on the view that they are due to glacial erosion. Lastly, the origin of the glacial drifts of Wensleydale formed the subject of an interesting discussion. It was pointed out that all the drifts in this part of Wensleydale are of /vca/ origin ; that none of them are marine; and that the till, and the sand-and-gravel deposits, as well as the moraine-like deposits on the water-shed between the Yore and the Swale, are all of them mererly different forms of sediment left behind by the melting of the stony and muddy ice of the great ice- A hearty vote of rheniles to the Chaitnan: then chacinded the meeting.—W.F.B. NOTES AND NEWS. wil & Co., of Sheffield, where iy stipe sactcnebags and the pag abort gr 2 i iry instinct ie a with its life, for its acquaintance — the industries i secured by one Gos of the workmen, aren. fe 30 hie uapekeg ‘that he ee and w of new city ofit,and the. : Prevention of Cray to Animals ‘summoned him before the for having in his an prongaeen of self-preservation that it would doubtless — 2 233 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. ANNUAL MEETING AT HUDDERSFIELD. THE 31st Annual Meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, held at Huddersfield, on the 15th of November, was a most successful and interesting gathering, no pains having been spared by the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society and its members in their endeavours to promote the success of the meeting and the comfort and enjoy- ment of their fellow-members from other towns. To this end they organised an extensive Exhibition of Natural History and Scientific Objects, in the Town Hall, which was open to members and visitors from 2 o’clock in the afternoon. The occasion being that of the rooth meeting of the Union since its re-organisation under the name it now bears, special attention was given to the illustration of York- shire natural history. In Geology and Paleontology, Messrs. Joseph Field and C. H. Bould had brought together a fine series of Collections of Fossils and Minerals typical of the Geology of the county, including a number of paleolithic and neolithic flint implements. Mr. S. Learoyd, F.G.S., exhibited a beautiful collection of agates and other _ stones to jitisitrdie ‘Silica and Flint in Nature and Art;’ and Mr. James Spencer, of Halifax, showed a large series of sections _ of Coal Plants and other geological slides, chiefly from the Car- boniferous formations. The Botanical exhibits included a collection of rare Yorkshire plants, which Mr. T. W. Woodhead had brought together with the assistance of Mr. P. F. Lee, of Dewsbury, and Mr. Charles Crossland, of Halifax. By the kindness of Mr. H. T. Mennell, of — _ Croydon, he was able to include the original record-specimens of — some of the plants which were discovered in Upper Teesdale by © _ Mr. James Backhouse and Mr. G. S. Gibson. A feature of great _ interest in this department was a series of memorial plants which — head had been at some pains to bring together by ae _ brief biographical notes, and by the ‘portraits of the various . botanists in whose honour the plants had been named. — oS There was a large and most interesting series of cabatoats in _ Entomology. Mr. Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S., showed the matchless _ Series of Arctia mendica from Grimescar near Huddersfield, which _ Were described and figured i in the Entomological Society’s Transac- __ had been named in honour of Yorkshire botanists, which Mr. Wood- a tions tions for eide also some fine varieties: Johnie aeagand ons ee ame pts 234 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL MEETING. York, and the very rare olive-banded form of Bombyx quercus from Crosland Moor, Huddersfield ; fine melanic forms of Boarmia repan- data from Netherton Wood, Huddersfield, as well as fine Yorkshire series of Vpsipetes elutata, Cidaria russata, Hybernia progemmaria, etc., and an almost complete collection of the British ‘Plume’ Moths (Pterophori). Mr. George Jackson, of York, showed some extra- ordinary varieties of Chelonia caja, Arctia lubricipeda, and Abraxas grossulariata. Mr. S. L. Mosley, F.E.S., had numerous objects on view, including a selection of drawings of varieties of the species — just referred to, a museum collection of British Butterflies, arranged on an entirely new plan and one calculated to be of the greatest — scientific service to students, cases showing life-histories of insects in all orders, and his collection of British Galls and Gall Insects, the Yorkshire examples being specially indicated. He also exhibited a complete collection of British Injurious Insects, prepared for the Museum of Economic Entomology at Melbourne; and numerous cases prépared for educational purposes. In Conchology, Mr. Joseph Whitwham’s remarkably extensive collection of British land and freshwater shells, in which the York- shire examples were specially marked, made a brave show, his varied and extensive series of Amodonte and Uniones being particularly fine. In Vertebrate Zoology, the united efforts of Messrs. J. W. Freer, — S. L. Mosley, F.E.S., J. Wilkinson, W. Middlemost, jun., S. Calvert, — W. H. Smith, Walter Dyson, J. H. Wood, and Ridsdale resulted in bringing together a remarkably interesting series of cases of British birds, their nests and eggs, special care being taken to represent them as far as possible by Yorkshire examples. A large number of microscopes, objects, and accessory apparatus were displayed under the charge of Messrs. W. F. Piggott, H. G- Brierley, J. Clayton, A. Sheard, W. Lefevre, and A. W. Sykes ; while Messrs. W. H. Charlesworth, W. F. Piggott, H. G. Brierley, and - - others contributed stereoscopes and a number of interesting slides relating to the geology of Yorkshire, Old and New Huddersfield, and other subjects. mstrations with the oxy-hydrogen microscope were given by Mr. W. Tunstall. ‘Mr. A. Clarke, the energetic Secretary of the Huddersfield : Naturalists’ Society, was in charge of a powerful oxy-hydrogen lime- light lantern, by which he threw upon a screen a large number of ~ lantern slides, including a number of marine animals brought Det. C. Sorby, V.RS., as well as a series of portraits of all the 7 ee lpaaeon of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, and other distin- : es aie Yorks orkshire naturalists reaped to in the Ercsideatiel, pane YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. 2 35. The exhibition remained open throughout the afternoon and - evening, and was a source of interest and gratification to large num- bers of members and visitors. The business meetings began at 3 p.m., when the Sections met and elected their officers for 1893. At 3.30 the General Committee met for the despatch of business. There was a large attendance of members and delegates, and the chair was occupied by Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., an ex-President. The annual report was then read by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., one of the Honorary Secretaries. At the outset it referred to the year having been one of the most successful the Union has ever had, but pointed out that ampler funds and a considerably enlarged membership were needed to enable the Union to expedite the publication of MS. in hand. The meetings were then referred to in detail, after which it was mentioned that the number of Societies in the Union remained the same as in the previous year, that the number of members was also unchanged, remaining at 462, and that the total number of members and associates was 2,518, an increase of 30. The financial position of the Union and the various publica- tions it has issued during the year were then treated of. Reference was next made to the Library, the Sections, the Committees of Research, and the British Association. The report concluded with - asuitable reference to the services which Mr. Charles P. Hobkirk, F.LS., the retiring President, had rendered the Union, of which he was one of the oldest members, and mentioned that he was to be succeeded in that office by so distinguished an ornithologist and traveller as Mr. Henry Seebohm, a native of Sheffield. The reports having been discussed and unanimously La the excursion programme for 1893 was agreed upon, as follows May 22nd, Whit Monday—Aysgarth. . kern. Aug. 7th, Bank Holiday Monday—Sawley Abbey. Sep. 6th and 7th, Vener? and Thursday—Howden (Fungus Foray oe Excursion). * Tt was decided to hold the next Annual Meeting at | Skipton, 0 on Tuesday, November 14th, 1893, in response to a coer ins vitation _ from the Craven Naturalists’ Association, presented by Messrs. R. H. Tiddeman, M.A., F.G.S., and J. J. Wilkinson. The election of officers was then proceeded with. The retiring honorary secretaries, honorary librarian, and executive were all - te-elected. The Committees of Research were also re-elected, with __ » oe oe, Messrs. J. Ww. Seether and F. FB ‘Walton tae eo 236 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. ‘added to the Boulder Committee; Mr. Tom Petch, B.A., to the Marine Zoology Committee; and Mr. J. F. Robinson to the Disappearance of Plants Committee. The Hon. Local Treasurers were re-elected with various additions and substitutions. Mr. Edwin Hawkesworth was elected auditor; and Messrs. H. H. Corbett, R. Paver Crow, J.P., John Gardner, F.E.S., George Jackson, Henry Johnson, R. E. Leach, M.A., F.G.S., Rev. H. E. Maddock, M.A., F.G.S., Thomas Mitchelson, W. Y. Veitch, M.D., and Charles Waterfall were added to the list of permanent members of the General Committee. The following were elected new members of the Union :—Messrs. Jobn Hill, Morley ; Edward Peake, M.A., Settle; Tom Petch, B.A, — Hedon ; E. G. Potter, York ; Albert Rothery, Liversedge. Discussion then took place as to the inadequacy of funds for the publication of the matter which the Union has in hand for publica- tion, and a resolution agreed to on the motion of Mr. J. W. Addyman, B.A. (on behalf of Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S.), seconded by Mr. S. Chadwick, F.G.S., in favour of a very large addition to the membership being secured, and requesting the Executive to devise measures to that en The question of the desirability of the establishment by Govern- ment of Fish Hatcheries was introduced by Mr. E. Howarth, F.R-A.S., on whose motion, seconded by Mr. A. T. Watson, it was unanimously resolved that ‘in the opinion of this meeting, the establishment by . Government of Marine Laboratories and Fish Hatcheries would be ~ advantageous to the Fisheries of the United Kingdom. The Sections then by their spokesmen announced the names of the officers they had elected, after which the proceedings terminated. A substantial tea was partaken of in the Mayor's Reception Rooms, Mr. A. W. Sykes being the caterer. In the evening the members sceiabted in the large hall of the : ae Town Hall for the delivery of the Annual Presidential Address. ‘The chair was occupied by Mr. George T. Porritt, F.L.S., in the _ absence of Mr. S. Learoyd, F.G.S., who had been announced to pre- side. The Presidential Address, written by Mr. Charles P. Hobkirk, _ -F.L.S., whose unavoidable absence was a great disappointment to the members, was then read by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., one of the Secretaries. The address dealt with the history and methods of work = the Union, on the occasion of its completing a series of one hun- — dred ngs orga . At the conclusion a cordial — en ie eh a be ok ve | ident for his address and to Mr. Waite for : Bec it, \ was adopted on the motion of Rev. W. Fowler, M.A, _ seconded | by Mr. — rere Ss —— - Naturalist, NOTES AND NEWS. 237 to the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society for their most hospitable reception of the Union was proposed in a humorous speech by Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S., seconded by Mr. John Gerrard, and having been enthusiastically received, acknowledged by Mr. T. W. Woodhead, the President of the Huddersfield Society. A vote of thanks to Mr. Porritt for presiding was adopted on the motion of Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., seconded by Mr. J. W. Robson, Chairman of the Huddersfield School Board, and concluded a series of meetings which for their success and interest have been unsurpassed in the Union’s history.—W.D.R. NOTES AND NEWS. We take oo ils jatar ys 4 = renewing our friendly protest against a Practice of soi ies, that Z. alterin ering the pagination of oa copies,’ and gree soma ai iret the 1 date of publication. This often renders the separate copies useless for stestnee or for bibliographical purposes. A notable feature of the Liverpool Naturalists’ fu Club is the giving of prizes for excellency in the various departments. he it upon looking through the proceedings for 1892, that at each ak a description of some osen plant is given to the members, = oe plant hee: are Set to search ; having found it, it must be named and handed to the botanical referee. The most successful competitors during ir swabs i s. * Botanical Enigmas’ are apparently oa a feature of the society. This is doubtless a good way of teaching botany, t the principle is not one which will, in our opinion, be imitat naturalists’ clubs. first time in their history our Liverpool friends publish an sopmige ir. meer the district. We welcome this, as we also should any further d soionnent ¢ eed ne sk taeecak sneeas 8b NE anes hae botanical: We are indebted to Mr. Herbert Spencer for a pom of his essay upon ‘ The fabaecjuaty of Natural ceg-soned which appeared in the ‘ orig emporary Review’ for February and March last ; as this essay has, as might be expected, roused some cane a few words with r regard to it Set: be of interest. At the outset Mr. Spe cer chooses to bring forward some of Weber's experiments on the sense of touch peerage oe the meaning of the varying powers of tactual discriminativeness in the human body, and what is the cause which non established these differences. Taking the view as implied by the title, fod veteran prs ee endeavours at prc, al emt that natural selection sohegte could oocnpangibet 3 If we were to assert a frank denial of this it be necessary to go far into detail but whilst we will not do so, we must ket some objection to eB the using of th nts in question as being unsatisfactory. Mr. Spencer admits that the per ess of the fore-finger tip may be accounted for by the of the fittest, and after an sepa port) of his article we fail to see why y not be extended to other . We have s athy it article by Mr. W. P. Ball in the May number of ‘ Natural i in which, under the heading of Natural Selection and Lamarckism, : lenges many of Mr. Spencer’s suppositions. We have not space to enter into eae details of this conflict, but can assure those of our readers who have not already acquainted themselves with Spencer’s latest, prairie they have somethin g t gain gain by so tee Perhaps (for the sake of those who would be misled by the title) we iould note that ! han teggmal irect = sho Mr. pencer states that y; rather t 5, ae a the views of is in fact ens the reverse. coe as been very much misunderst time past, and cca ok ee” a. many of his seeming dissenters are in reality n cacinstend cenattog ale oer jon as — = August 1803. a -— 238 THE PROTECTION OF WILD BIRDS’ EGGS. Rev. E. P. KNUBLEY, M.A. ; Uy Rector of Staveley; Chai: of the as Naturalists Union's Wild Birds Eggs Committee. In presenting the report of the Committee appointed to discuss the advisability or not of providing protection for the eggs of wild birds by legislative enactment, it may be well to state at the outset that at present certain birds are protected by a close time in the nesting season, during which it is illegal to kill them, but that this protection does not extend to their eggs. The eggs, in fact, of every kind of wild bird, whether common or uncommon, useful or otherwise, are liable to be destroyed through thoughtless carelessness, wanton mischief or sordid greed. At present there is nothing to prevent whole areas from being systematically plundered of every egg of every bird—and it is done. Again, certain of our British birds nest in colonies in a few known localities; and as the law now stands there is nothing to hinder the taking of the eggs of these birds to such an extent as to prevent the = hatching of a single young bird. It requires no prophet to foretell _ what will be the result of this system of pillage if it is allowed to proceed unchecked. a. The question has been asked—Has the time come when legis- __ lative protection is required for wild birds’ eggs? A committee of the British Association was appointed at its Cardiff meeting, with So a view to inquiring into this subject; but it has not yet felt itself in a position to make any recommendations. The committee, which includes the names of Professor Newton and Canon Tristram, waS re-appointed at the Edinburgh Meeting; and it is hoped that next year it may feel in a pone to offer suggestions on this extremely oe difficult subject. oe A committee of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union with similar . objects was appointed at the annual meeting last year. No meetings — have been held, but the Chairman addressed a letter to each member of the committee, and from the replies received from these and other members of the Union, he obtained much valuable information, and many useful suggestions. Fortified with the matter thus plac a at his disposal, he, as delegate of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, was able to bring this important subject before the Edinburgh meeting of the British Association at ‘the conference of the delegates of th t interesting discussion, — he following resolution, proposed by Mr. Knubley, seconded = MrEB tbiseieis and | ag fesse by Canon Lesa was ¢ C THE PROTECTION OF WILD BIRDS’ EGGS. 239 The Conference of Delegates, having heard of the threatened extermination of for British-taken eggs, and trusts that the corresponding societies will do all that lies in their power to interest and influence naturalists, landowners and others in the preservation of such birds and their eggs. All will agree that if legislative protection for wild birds’ eggs is _ asked for at all, it is not required for all species. Indeed, sweeping legislation would do more harm than good. There are certain groups, such for instance, as the Passeres, that are very well able to take care of themselves, and need no protection. Again, all will agree that it would be a mistake to pass laws which could not be enforced. Any _ general law against egg-collecting would be easily evaded, and every one knows the demoralising effect of an unenforced rule. Setting aside, then, all idea of a general prohibition of egg- collecting as impracticable, if not mischievous, there are still cases in which the maintenance of the present freedom from restraint appears to be open to doubt; as we have already stated, there are certain Species which will shortly become extinct as breeders in the British Isles if steps are not taken by legislation or otherwise to protect them. What can be done for these? Here the difficulties begin. What form of protection is the best? and to what species should such protection be extended? If it is €ventually found necessary to have recourse to legislation, the most practical plan would probably be for the Imperial Legislature to grant powers to the County Councils from time to time, and as the _ necessity arose, to place certain portions of a district, such as mountains, commons, waste places, lakes, and meres, or portions of cliffs or foreshores, under an Act for certain specified months in the year, say from April rst to June 3oth. Such a plan would be seers and might be effective. . But very much more than any legislative protection, we want the _ Sympathy and co-operation of landowners and occupiers in ea! to get them to protect the birds breeding on their property or or occupa- - _ tion. The whole matter of the preservation both of birds oy their _ &ggs ought to be better managed by those on whose property the _ Various species nest re by any legislative restrictions. If land- _ Owners and occupiers, game-preservers and gamekeepers, would Only use whatever atl and common sense Providence may have endowed them with, and learn to discriminate between friends and foes, we lovers of birds for their own sake should not have much to complain of. Farmers are beginning to know at last that all birds : are not their enemies, and ideas of the same sort are working slowly __ 4 — into the brains of some few cmap ti and into (meee of a ts : 240 REVIEW—UNITED STATES HAWKS AND OWLS. number of their masters, so that the aspect of affairs is becoming more hopeful. The question is too delicate and difficult a one to be lightly thrown into the arena of party politics, and it is earnestly to be hoped that means may be found for the protection and preserva- tion, when necessary, of our wild birds and their eggs without having recourse to further legislation. UNITED STATES HAWKS AND OWLS. The Hawks and Owls of the United States in their Relation to Agriculture. A. K. FisHer, M.D., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 3. 1893. To publish a lengthy article on the misunderstood habits of rapacious birds would, if it were likely to come under the observa- tion of farmers and gamekeepers, give us an immense amount of satisfaction ; we hail therefore with pleasure the appearance of this excellent monograph, and cannot do more than hope that it will have a large distribution throughout the area of which it treats; if _ sO, something at least will be done towards checking the wholesale slaughter of these beautiful birds. The work which we now notice was compiled several years ago, but has been withheld from publication until provision could be made for suitable reproduction of the coloured plates, which, we may add, are a feature of the book, and without them im usefulness would have been much \inepalited. 7 We find there are so many as 73 species and sub-species of ae Hawks and Owls (many of which are solely American) recorded ee the district. Some few, however, are identical with species in ourown and adjoining countries. The Osprey (Pandion haliaétus), er we learn has quite recently been seen in co. Cork, appears toresembDli¢ very closely the American Osprey, of which an illustrationis given. cee It is clearly stated that out of this large number, only six may ! og classed as being positively harmful to the farmer, and of these three are so extremely rare that they need not be considered; whilst ome (the Fish Hawk) is only indirectly injurious; so that only two oC species need be taken into account as enemies to agriculture. Tables are given showing the result of critical examination by scientific — Ss experts of several hundreds of stomachs, and the author concludes that these birds, commonly looked upon by farmers as enemies, ae. in fact the reverse. Dr. Fisher says: ‘Owls are the most beneficial — : of all birds, and Hawks, with one or two exceptions, are to some _ extent beneficial.’ The work is a valuable addition to ornithological literature, and we consider it almost hpopeninle to eesangineiee the a = must do—L. H : 4 Aagust 16 Stal 241 YORKSHIRE GALLS: ADDITIONAL SPECIES AND NEW LOCALITIES. S. L, MOSLEY, F.E.S., Beaumont Park Museum, Huddersfield; Author of ‘ British Birds, Nests, and Eggs,’ etc. SINCE my last list (‘Naturalist,’ 1892, p. 337), the long-expected fourth volume of Cameron’s ‘Phytophagous Hymenoptera’ has appeared, and though certainly a very welcome volume, I must own to just a little disappointment. Still, it will be very useful as bringing up to date what the author has been able to gather on the subject. From my own observations, and material forwarded to me by correspondents in various parts.of Yorkshire, I am able to give a few more species, and some additional localities for some of those already recorded. As before, I take them under the plants in alphabetical order. On Acer campestre. Maple. Small scarlet pimples on upper-side of leaf.. Caused by a mite (Phytoptus myriadeum). For a long time I have been on the look-out for this gall in Yorkshire, feeling sure it should occur. I have never found it, however, until June 15th, when I found it abundantly in a lane not far from Askern. Messrs. Parkin, Gerrard, and Greenwood were with me at the time. Some of the leaves were quite covered with galls. On Achillea ptarmica. Sneezewort. I have been able to verify the somewhat vague notice sent me by Mr. Inchbald, of the occurrence of the gall of Cecidomyta ptarmice in the Huddersfield district. I found a number of galled plants at Farnley Hey, and Mr. Parkin gave me a quantity found by him in Ryhill Pits near Wakefield, from which I have since (June 21-28) bred the flies. | The flower- head is galled into a solid pinkish hairy knob, with a flattish top; almost unrecognisable as the poreenes of Achillea : plarmica. — On Alnus glutinosa. Alder. Bladder-like swellings, standing up a fines from the upper surface of the leaf. These are caused by a mite; I believe : ell tots pustulatum Bremi. I found it in great abund- in Owston Wood during the Askern excursion; and Tha have since met with it freely in Anston Stones. Mr. J. W. Carter, of Bradford, had ae given me ocean te - <., Soe Seven ace 54 ca . Ps 242 NOTES AND NEWS. On Hieracium boreale. Large swelling on flower-stalk, caused by a hyietioptetan (Aulax hieracii). The Rev. John Hawell sent me this gall Little Broughton, near Middlesbrough. On Quercus robur. Oak. Small pea gall on under-side of leaf, attached to side ribs, hard, with ¢wo cavities, caused by a hymenopteron (Dryophanta disticha). Cameron gives no localities for this gall, and states that it is ‘rare,’ but it is now in great abundance in Butternab Wood, near Huddersfield. I should state, however, that I have never met with it there before this season On Rosa canina. Dog Rose. I believe the galls referred to in my last paper as being found at Shepley were not those of Rhodites rosarum as stated. According to Cameron’s figure the spines in my specimens were not long enough for that species, and were, more probably, merely the spined form of 2. eg/anteria. On Potentilla tormentilla. Tormentil. Small pea-like galls on stems, singly or in clusters. Caused by a hymenopteron (Xestophanes brevitarsis). 1 have found what is probably this species at Lepton, near Huddersfield, but as I have not reared the flies I cannot. be absolutely certain. I will again take the liberty of reminding readers of the — a ‘Naturalist’ that I shall be pleased to receive any excrescences 00 plants, especially if they do not seem to agree with the descriptions given in the three papers I have written on ‘Yorkshire Galls. Botanists are always examining plants, and must frequently = oe across galls, and could add very much to our knowledge if they would kindly pick them a when found. NOTES AND NE WS. | We have received the Reportand Taman ofthe Manchester Mieco — Society. cannot refrain : 243 SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. Rev. W. C. HEY, M.A., M.C.S. Vice-President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, West A yton, near Scarborough. SCARBOROUGH, Oct. 29th, 1891. On the Castle Hill—The wind is east; a little blue sky appears in rifts among woolly grey clouds, which are silvered in the neighbourhood of the sun. The clearness is extraordinary. Flamborough Head appears, not in misty outline, but as a long, sharp range of grey precipices. The Lighthouse and Speeton Mill stand up in clear definition. Filey Bay seems narrowed to a mere creek. Sunshine falling on fields far away reveals them in the most vivid yellow greens. The distant moors appear, not, as commonly, blue, but red-brown, and all the nabs are clear-cut against the sky. The slopes of the Castle Hill are green with young leaves of Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum). No British plant shows fresher verdure in winter. This fine weather has many daisies into bloom An hour has passed and I have reached the topmost stile on the way to Ayton. From here I look into the water in Filey Bay, and have a glorious view of the whole headland in the hard clear air. Sunshine lies on the faded stubbles near Filey Cliffs; the healthy scent of burning weeds sifts by, and the drowsy hum of a thresher comes from the hollow below. Under the withered larches a woman is gathering blackberries. SCARBOROUGH, July oth, 1891.—I am sitting on the low stone Wall near the Cliff Bridge. Grey clouds have overspread all the nis and given their sombre colours to the sea and to the sands and the cliffs. Even the green slopes of the Castle Hill and the red roofs below are almost merged in one general tint. A strong north- _ €ast wind drives the breakers in many orders against the cliffs; and _ how and then sends a puff of dust along the road, and flaps the flags on the boat-masts in the harbour. Under the lighthouse are gathered man many steam-trawlers ; the smoke from their funnels blowing e quickly away. The tide is beginning to swallow the thick-marked sands, smoothing out footprints and cart-ruts and hoof-dints. Oh, that the marks of sin and care could thus be smoothed out of human souls! ___As I write, I am startled by a passing figure, going by absolutely noiselessly, because bare-footed. I am struck by the thought that modern sound. We often read of the Indian’s e ‘Stealthy tread. _ Thoreau soe it to the flow of a still river. ve 244 HEY: SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. But every unbooted foot is necessarily stealthy, because soundless. How strangely sé/enf the communities of primitive people must have been—no meaning there for the line in Tennyson’s elegy for Wellington— . Let the feet of those he fought for Echo round his bones for evermore. _ Firey, Sep. 8th, ieet. —The day rose with gloom and drizzle, _ but it has now established itself as warm and still, with a sky whose blue ground colour is figured and strewn thickly with white and : grey clouds—. The sky is a gossamer web Of sapphire and pearl and grey. Here, by Filey caves, a faint breeze blows from the water, and the horizon of the blue sea is merged in vapour with the sky. An idle swell rises upon the rock-ledges, and the wave runs back in white waterfalls which have caused a little white foam to float on the surface and outline the contour of the cliffs. These cliffs rise in shelves, first black with Fucus, then green with Enteromorpha, after- wards, bare layers of grey and white rock. On these lie coarse © pe gravels, and above steep slopes of boulder-clay crowned with verdant turf. In the echoing basin below me the rising tide is gradually making a louder and louder sound of rushing. The sun ae is growing brighter, and a fresher wind is carrying a brown-sailed S yawl beyond the Naze. Behind me the sea is noisy about a piece of cliff, which the rummaging waves have perforated. A larger wave has just smitten the rock with a great boom, and the scattered oe spray fallen back with a loud splash. se Sep. r2th, 1891.—" Waiting at Filey Station for the evening | train, oe to Scarborough. The sun, a glowing, red-gold orb, is sinking 9 a purple-copper haze. Ses trees, still in full foliage, stand out black against the brightness beyond. The halfmoon hangs aboy the Speeton eskers, which are growing dim in the evening light. The pastures are full of faded grains, and their pallor contrasts strongly with the dark hedges, and the brown and black horses. The rounded slopes are crowned with cornstooks. Muston Mill 1s dark against the sky. A cool meen, breeze blows refresh- ment in my face. - oe REDCAR, Feb. 20th, 1 889.—. a strong north-west wind $ is Howink: ae but. here, under the wall at the east end of Redcar, it is warm and delightful; for a bright sun bathes me, body and spirit, and the _ mind gives but gentle pus in my face now a and then. ‘Tam sitting HEY : SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 245 upon one of those planks on féet, made to assist people to get into boats, and about me lie half-a-dozen big cobbles, bearing their numbers and the letters M.H. (Middlesborough Harbour)—there on my right, and on my left two worn-out boats, turned bottom upwards, waiting decay and death ; like poor old folks, who, being no longer able to work, are pushed on one side to die. Between the stern of the upturned boat and the curving prow of another, spread undulations of grass-grown sand ; sun here, and shade there ; beyond them the smooth beach, crossed by a pearly thread, the course of a streamlet to the sea, then a long white fringe of foam and breaking waves, and pale blue sea above them. In the distance rises Huntcliff, and the gigantic spectre of Rockcliff, with the mere wraith of Staithes Point beyond. The sky is a very light blue, with soft white stratus clouds, tinged with pale dove grey. A skylark is pouring out its flood of song as though it were singing against time, and many other birds are twittering. The sea is falling fast, and at my left its surface is streaked with two long ribs of snow- white foam, where East Scar and Salt Scar project. On my right I see Upleatham Hill, palely grey, with the white smoke-puff of a passing train in front. FLaMBorouGH Heap, Sept. 16th, 1890.—I have walked along the cliffs from the North Sea Landing, over dewy sheep pastures, and descended to the shore at Selwicks. The sun is bright, but a soft haze broods upon the far-off sea, and hangs like a veil before the face of the great white cliffs. The wind blows from the south- east, and there is a noisy turbid sea. I have reached a dark gullet full of thick water, smacking its lips under the shelving rocks. But a dim light falls on the water from within, for this gullet is the entrance to a great roofless cave or creux—the ‘Pigeon Hole ’— a gruesome pit to look into from above when the waves are se _ and raging in its dark hollow—a veritable devil’s caldron. S Wisnsdecous, Sept. si 1890.—I am resting on the top of the slope that rises between the Thornwick Bays—resting in the setting sun. I have come over the downy fields, where the sheep were busily feeding, their grey fleeces blown back in the evening — _ wind, and past the sighing soughing beds of reeds, and have sat down to listen to the quiet blue sea whispering his low tale to the _ white cliffs. But they distrust him, and abate not a whit of their gedness for all the smooth fondness of the caressing wavelets. Their shattered rocks and pierced sides tell what the sea hath done Ae to them, and these two will never be iieads — oe the - Assit = = oe Tromasson, Woodside, ia, July 30, 1893. 246 NOTES-—ORNITHOLOGY. opposite cliff, two pink blooms of thrift have opened, like some sweet memory of earlier and happier days. BURLINGTON, Sept. 21st, 1889.—I am sitting on a chalky hedge- bank on the road-side from Burlington to Speeton, in a hot sunshine, with a tall hedge between me and the singing north-west wind. I look on two old friends, the six-sailed windmill and the Priory Church, dark against the sun-gilt sea. All about me is life; many flies of many kinds, beetles running in the sunshine, 4mcho- menus prasinus in his green coat, faced with orange, and shining black Prerostichi, bright as polished jet. Euphrasia opens a hundred pale violet eyes to the sun, harebells depend their blue cups, and a thousand dried stalks of Gentiana amarella tell of former beauty, just a scattering of amethystine blooms remaining, the wrecks of a great flower-feast. A long-legged spider scuds over the path; an empty corn wagon goes by, carrying a crowd of singing urchins. Well may they sing in the glorious ee which makes this old world new, and sheds heaven upon NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y. Birds added to Sheffield Museum. e just added to the Sheffield — Museum the cet — Neste gr in ond area fasbeded to the cognisance of ‘ The borough, 1890 ; bit z Ch Satins Grebe (Bodiceps A eereerg shot at Flamborough, 1892; one Crested Grube shot at sings Lincoln ne Aig = Little om or Dabchick (Podiceps minor) shot asa orton ose ; com yshire, I E. HowartH, Curator, Public Museum, Weston Park, Sheffield, Wy rith, 1893- Nesting of the Hawfinch io " Notts.—The Hawfinch (Coccothraustes vulgaris) is fairly common in this district, and in the last spring I have been looking far and wide for its nest, but unsuccessfully ; and now I find all thistime one within ich I am now there has been almost a stone’s-cast of the room in young, four in number, got off the last week in June, a a rather late date, and since this, with the parents, have attentive t rows. From closely watching them, however, I can that the injury = the is trifling as — oe that inflicted by common cig Haw era n three the Meadow Pipit in the in the North.—Having lately found tensis on the ag . fells, I give the number 0 of eggs i found in them, showing an —— of of 553 ems eggs per nest. oe oe ‘Three e gs each See oo . ae re FO - yy 3 ive: “ Two ie four - One : » three eggs. oo In every case the bird was flus hed from the nest, which indeed Ted to thei being a found. In the last case the bird would doubtless have three eggs» All the e ae June. In Norway the Meadow Dipit asa rle neste _ T found a nest near weep only above the sek JO8N F 247 LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS: MICROSCOPICALLY DESCRIBED. THOMAS TATE, F.G.S., Leeds: Hon, Sec. to the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. THE identification of the crystalline constituents of Eruptive Rocks by their optical behaviour when in thin sections under the microscope, is extremely simple. Each mineral, in virtue of its structure and composition, possesses characteristic optical properties by which it may be recognised. By transmitted light they appear either colourless, coloured or opaque. The coloured minerals may next be examined with the polariser only, when some will pass from light to dark tints as the prism is rotated (pleochroic), while others will remain unaffected veneers If the analyser be now added, those minerals which depolarise will give more or less brilliant chromatic effects as the polariser is rotated (anisotropic), while others will show no colour changes, merely remaining dark between crossed Nicols (isotropic), The commonest colourless sections are those of quartz, fe spars, leucite, nepheline, enstatite, olivine, apatite; and these are all anisotropic save leucite, which is dark between crossed prisms, and apatite, which usually continues bright. Muscovite, biotite, horn- blende and ferruginous enstatite are dichroic and anisotropic, while augite and diallage are non-dichroic but anisotropic, and all are coloured by transmitted light. Magnetite and pyrites are both Opaque, but, viewed by reflected light, the former is of a leaden and the latter of a brassy hue. The most abundant alteration products are chlorites, serpentines, calcite and opaque iron ores. The two former are green, only the first is pleochroic ; calcite is colourless, traversed by fine cleavage lines intersecting at an acute angle, and The following descriptions, the result t of the examination of over one hundred and twenty specially prepared slides, were drawn up primarily for those members of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee who possessed slides of such Lake District Rocks as are most commonly _ dispersed in the Northern Drift. They have also, it is said, been of some service to the members of the writer's petrological class. In . response to the wishes of both they are now willingly placed, in a more accessible form, at the service den [40]* Biotite granite: Snap. Quarts in round or — : grains, idiomorphic towards the felspars. Plagtoclase and scours a sia a aaa ‘Naturalist, Angust 1892. | 1893. 248 TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. act as a matrix for the quartz, strings of felspars lying between the quartz grains. ica, dark brown in hexagonal basal plates: light brown tints where the cleavage traces are nearly at right angles to the short axis of the polariser. In -sections making a smaller angle with the polariser the tint will be darker. Green mica (pleochroic) alternating with the above occasionally. Apatite: hexagonal prisms abundant, the clear, bright crystals in’ the biotite are cross-sections which rotated between crossed Nicols remain dark ; also in stumpy and a few fine prisms with parallel extinction. Zircon, a few small prisms with obtuse pyramids. Sphene, cuneate brown-olive (pleo- chroic), also in erewnne patches. Granules of magnetite accompany the green mica. (7] White prophyritic granite: Skrppaw. Felspars white, turbid (exam mine by reflected light). Orthoclase : note ‘schiller’ fibrillation. Oligoclase giving Carlsbad and albite twining. J/zca red- brown. to e honey yellow, with some green and even colourless from loss of iron, now gathered up, forming secondary magnetite grains. Quartz {with numerous moving bubbles), in clear tints, rainbow margins, allotriomorphic, filling the interstices between the above constituents. Apatite as small square or rod-like prisms: highly refractive but colourless; first evolved and therefore present in all the other components. Zidofe after felspar and biotite where these are in — contact: colourless, with brilliant _ tints. Chilorite (green) after biotite here and there. [29] Biotite grme: Eskpate. Quartz in irr grains enclosed by the felspar which sometimes penetrates shen multitude of minute cavities arranged in linear symmetry : note ‘strain-shadows,’ between crossed Nicols. ée/spars kaolinised (giving ‘aggregate polarisation’), and a chloritoid substance, feebly pleochroic along cracks. Orthoclase, Carlsbad, and ofegoclase with albite twinning. Biotite dark brown to honey-yellow and green to colourless (pleochroic) : basal sections hexagonal, isotropic: prisms across e. vage traces much bent. Afafize in six-sided cross-sections, clear, colourless and highly refractive i Epidote is a secondary constituent where biotite and fels spar lie in contact : it is scolourless by ordinary light. but — in brilliant tints. Agee nF | grains. - [33] Aplite: a “fine-grained vein: intrdsive. in. Rekidale granite a at WABERTHWAITE, Micropegmatitic : the felspars are chiefly ie thoclase with clase in part, and microcline. Quarts in cleat = — on for the very minute pores) Peotties the Snes a ' ied ——— oe TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. 249 [22a] Quartz-Felsite (grey): THRELKELD Quarry. Porphyritic crystals of guartz and felspar in a microcrystalline intergrowth of the same minerals. The large quartz crystals have been fractured, and have had their edges fused, this zoning extinguishing uniformly with the body of the crystal. They contain enclosures in linear symmetry. Mica brown, strongly pleochroic: or in patches of chloritoid substance with feeble pleochroism. The felspathic com- ponents are kaolinised giving feeble aggregate polarisation. [224] Quartz-Felsite (red): Low Ricco, St. Joun’s VALE. A microcrystalline ground-mass, consisting of rectangular grains of clear guartz with felspars, mostly of prismatic habit, moulded thereon. The porphyritic elements in this slide are all felspars, being chiefly orthoclase with a few oligoclase crystals often zoned. Microperthite structure shown here: many are fractured, the fragments lying in juxtaposition indicating movement during recurrent phase prior to final consolidation. [20] Augite granophyre: Carrock Fett. A granophyric ground- mass moulded upon microporphyritic crystals of felspar mostly plagioclase in square sections. The orthoclase crystals extinguish simultaneously with the surrounding micropegmatite. Qwarfz in small allotriomorphic grains. Brown augife at one time figured as an important constituent ; it is now represented chiefly by iron-oxide blotches with here and there a patch or small crystal zoned by iron- oxide. Epidote in pale green patches feebly pleochroic, but double refraction stronger than the pyroxenes. Note the pseudospheerulitic Structure giving black cross when rotated between crossed Nicols. [8] Quartz Felsite: Armor Dyke. A granophyric structure— an intimate mixture of quartz and felspar—the ground-mass pseudo- spherulitic, giving a black cross between crossed Nicols. This encloses a few crystals of felspar and guarts. Mica in brown flakes and green (pleochroic) or colourless (bleached). Garnefs minute, bright with strong outlines (isotropic). The section is coated _ besprinkled with slender spindles of a pale green a substance which remains dark between pews Nicols. “Sihene : _ brown, feebly dichroic, enclosed i in the te fom — ce Cottipare with sli 34: : Ae [34] Quartz Felsite : utvkicte Dice. Pornpiile, rystals of | quartz, reseed and etn ell in a microfelsitic matrix, here and there feebly pseu , clear; numerous minute cavities - with | crore arcs ‘also enol portions of ig matrix. — _ Felspars both orthoclase arid pi showing _ Microperthite structure. Biotite mostly green, x "tittle brown. pee 8 rey little, and a few minute — — Be a ae Oe oe 250 TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. reflected light, note that the red colour of the hand specimen is due to the action of the iron-oxides upon the kaolinised felspars. Compare with slide 8. [4] Buttermere ‘syenite’: Scare Force, Cut from a flesh- colouredspecimen of medium granitic texture. A granular intergrowth of guartz and felspar, the latter Bonin as matrix and often penetrating the former. Quartz with sharp rectangular outlines impressed on the interstitial pellucid ae the latter extinguishing uniformly in patches over wide areas. Microperthite structure of felspar predominating. ‘Large patches have more or less the aspect of porphyritic constituents as if a considerable amount of felspar substance had first separated as distinct crystals and then the remainder of the felspar substance had intercrystallised with quartz to form the matrix’ (Teall). | Ferromagnesian component after hornblende plates is now in a chloritoid state giving feeble pleochroic effects. Iron oxides (hematite, magnetite, limonite) accompany the above secondary products. Examine by reflected light and compare with slide [4a] Granophyre (Rosenbusch) ENNERDALE. Slide cut from a sombre fine-grained specim A granophyric intergrowth 0 guartz and felspar is here seu exhibited, the two minerals polarising in uniform tints over a greater part of the slide. A radial grouping is common with occasionally central strongly polarising grains. The ferromagnesian component is scattered uniformly throughout the slide in small crystals of green hornblende, a few of which are still fresh and strongly pleochroic, but for the most part represented by a chloritoid substance with but feeble action on polarised light; associated with this are a few specks of reddish- brown somewhat translucent z/menite, powdered over with silvery leucoxene (best observed by reflected light), and also by a few grains of magnetite. Apatite is plentiful, enclosed in the hornblende, ' but elsewhere it is a little difficult of identification and needs to ae _ carefully sought for, Compare slide 4. oe [x6]. Porphyritic diabase: Eycorr Hitt. Plagioclase crystals (labradorite) in large tabular plates, showing Carlsbad and also albite twinning, frequently encroaching upon each other, but never interfered with by the remaining components; are porphyritically developed in a vesicular ground-mass, consisting mainly of 770” ee bea numerous small lath-shaped twinned Séspors. and a a byroxene, Z. io) Quartz Gabbro: Carrock FELL. Plagioclase i in phe - lates (some very clear, others kaolinised), with quarts filling up all - : = the interstices, a of a ae reddish-brown tint, phic = - a NOTES: COLEOPTERA AND MOLLUSCA. 251 relation to the smaller prisms of felspar. Magnetite and chlorite after diallage. Apatite doubtfully present. [18]. Gabbro: Carrock Fett. These plutonic representatives of the Andesitic lavas show considerable variation in texture. e plagioclase is much more kaolinised, and the slide generally less fresh than the preceding slide 19, with which it must be compared. The specimen was obtained nearer to Clifton Ward’s ‘Trap’ than No. 19. The dalJage is replaced to some extent by a green rhombic pyroxene, and magnetite plates are very abundant. Quar?z is less plentiful in this slide, micro-pegmatite here and there taking its place. Afatite, as small hexagonal sections, is present in the magnetite. and elsewhere. [3a]. Diabase (altered Dolerite) : CastLE Heap, Keswick. An example of a much-altered fine-grained dolerite. The plagioclase is very turbid ; augite often haba twinher ; biotite brown ; iron- oxides in titowii omer as secondary pro [5]. ae eek SInEN Git, Sxrppaw. This slide con- tains numerous transverse and longitudinal sections of chzastolite prisms embedded in a fossiliferous slate, consisting of black and white mica flakes, grains of guarts and tron-oxides, arranged in the parallelism characteristic of cleaved slate. The opaque matter Occupying the centre of the chiastolite prisms is carbonaceous. : . Ls NOTE—COLEOPTERA. Lathrobium jum rufipenne in Linc —Last Whit Monday, May 22nd, while working for Coleoptera, in the a aren of Brigg, on the ay of the Ancholme, early in the afternoon, I found a couple of specime tare Lathrobium yakeene Gyll., on the mud, sheltering from the rays mt de beetle have been in this then very This does not ya to district ciate given for it by ont anon Fowler in his ‘ Coleoptera of the British ie being as follows :—‘ Very rare; sig b005 Fen and other fen localities ; Coleshill, Sutton Park, oom » and a Chase ; Barton Moss, Manchester, in a ee Bb and ‘Cheshire.’ —Josert € Cor, Hull, July anh, meget : NOTE—MOLLUSCA. A variety tof Limnza Limnza palustris.—On the 1 of June, Ue Gants, of Elland, whilst searching for shells at Shirley Poo , the home of the large Spearwort (Ranunculus lingua), found a specim of Limnea palustris, with MATEINGS Frese bling the var. pita of Linen per The bands are seven in number, but only commence pee l, and would convey the idea that the mantle of the Be aban The shell is only a small one, but looks Bas pretty: with its unusual sel markings Wa, NELSON, Crossgates, July sth, 189 oe : — +1893. 252 NEWTON’S DICTIONARY OF BIRDS. A | Dictionary of Birds | by | ALFRED NeEwrTON | assisted by | Hans Gapow | with contributions from | RicHarD LYDEKKER, se FG, CHARLES S. Roy, M.A., F.R.S. | and | Ropert W. SHuUFELDT, M.D. | (late United Sart Army). | Part I. | (A.-GA.) | London: wre and Charles Black. 93. 4: Fe Disbaily of Birds’ has long been looked for by in four parts, the first of which (A.-GA.) has already appeared, and the second is to appear in October. The work is mainly based on articles contributed b author to the Ninth Edition of the Zncyclopedia Britannica, but with large additions by himself and the other scientists named on the title page. Of these additions the most important are the anatomical papers by Dr. Gadow, which now supply a source of information which has long been greatly needed, and, so far, has not been made available in a handy form for students and others who wish to study ornithology scientifically. Of not less value, too, in their respective lines are the articles contributed by Mr. ae Professor Roy, and Dr. Shufeldt. Of Professor Newton’s own contributions it would be impossible to speak too ‘highly. There are occasions when all praise may be considered superfluous, and this is one of them. Where all is good it seems needless to draw attention to special portions. The notices of the ‘ Bustard,’ ‘ Capercally,’ ‘ Cuckow,’ ‘ Dodo,’ ‘ Eagle,’ and the chapters headed ‘ Eggs,’ ‘ Extermination,’ will each be found to ‘contain much which is of practical value and interest, including in a condensed form all the information up to date required by the student ; pee subject being dealt with in a a and most : scholarly manner, and on strictly scientific lin The usefulness and beauty of the work are “saleh enhanced by electrotypes taken from the woodcuts which illustrate Swainson’s” ‘Classification of Birds,’ also from other sources which have been — Z duly acknowledged by the author. Taken as a whole we consider tints no such excellent and useful work, on its special subject, has appeared in this century, and we are sure that the possessio n of the first part must create a strong 7 desire to see the remainder. When completed it will be found a most eee et ee addition to the working library of FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. A MEETING of Lincolnshire naturalists was held at Mablethorpe on June 12th for the double purpose of investigating the natural history capabilities of the district and of forming a Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union similar to the one in Yorkshire. Several naturalists, anxious not only to be on the spot early on the Monday morning, but also desirous of instituting a more thorough search than could be done in the short space of time at disposal on the actual day of the excursion, arrived on a seleies and were well accommodated at the ‘ Book-in-Hand’ Ho The weather was certainly not all that sa be desired, for the sun persistently refused to show its face, and a cold wind blew in from the sea, rendering ‘great catches,’ for entomologists at any rate, out of the question, while at times a few drops of rain fell; yet, despite this forbidding aspect of the weather, by eleven o’clock about thirty naturalists from all parts of Lincolnshire, and a few from Yorkshire, had assembled at the station and proceeded by rail to. Theddlethorpe, then working along by the drain-sides to the coast, where they spread over the sand-hills and beach, some very interesting captures being soon reported. The Rev. C. W. Whistler found a Natterjack Toad nestling in its burrow, and when it was ‘unearthed,’ its peculiar gait, sc sO different from that of the common _ toad, excited tly aft ds Mr. Mason. found another one. On the igs beds, just north of Theddle- thorpe, the burrows of two species of Béedius were very conspicuous, _and there must have been many millions of these beetles there, for as far as the eye could see their ‘casts’ were plainly visible. In. addition to the pefect insect, both eggs and larvz were also obtained. _ The ornithologists had been particularly energetic and had, extended their investigations as far as Solheim and vy were ‘pesheps _ More successful than any other section, — The time at disposal was, however, very dion, and by three, o'clock most of the excursionists had found their way back to Mablethorpe to the ‘ Book-in-Hand,’ where they did ample justice: to. @ most liberally provided luncheon, after which a general meeting was held, at which Professor L. C. Miall, E.RS., presided. Letters, — Were received from Rev. G. D. Ash, Rey. W. Fowler, M.A. (Liver- sedge), Rev. H. A. Barker, Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., and others 1 ag their inability to be present. ‘The chairman, —_ his opening speech, remarked that their li ssa operat cova were the facilities in i olns ire for the st a 254 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION. of natural history, and what a fair prospect was opened out for the formation of a Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union, for the county of Lincoln had peculiar features of its own which could not be excelled, if rE by any other county. r. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., then formally proposed that a rn Naturalists’ om be fritid) and Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler, M.A., seconded, and Rev. E. A. W. Peacock supported, the proposition. This was unanimously carried, and Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., then proposed that the Lincolnshire members present form a provisional committee with Mr. Walter F. Baker as secretary. Mr. F. Arnold Lees seconded, and the motion was carried. The Rev. Canon W. W. Fowles; M. Ay ach — then proposed that a hearty vote of thanks b the originators of this excursion, Mr. Walter F. Baker, Mr. Joseph Coe, and ‘Mr. J. Larder, and this was duly seconded and carried. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the meeting. It had been intended to hold sectional meetings, but time being so short it was decided to have the reports sent in in writing, and the following have been received :— For the geologists, Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., reports as follows :—Although, in the way of investigation, the locality chosen for the excursion could not, from its very nature, be favourable to Geology—the whole of the land for miles round being covered by — peat and silt—yet a flat sandy shore, like that at Mablethorpe, has many points of interest for the geological student, as well as for the biologist and botanist. The boulder clay of the great glacial age lies under these alluvial deposits, and, in a disused brick-pit at Theddlethorpe St. Helens, where this clay until lately was worked —and in which a good sized boulder was lying—part of an old Roman Bank is exposed. [See note appended to this report kindly communicated by the Rev. C. W. Whistler, the Vicar of West Theddlethorpe. ] The chief interest attaching to this district, so far as geology is concerned, lies in the question—What comes under _ the boulder clay?—and good work may be done by any geologist, = _ or naturalist, who will take the trouble to ett aie’ any wells, or rics with a view to its Only recently, at a meeting of the Ceisloatial Society of London, on the 24th May last, in a paper on some recent borings at Alford, egness, Mr. Jukes Browne disclosed the existence eath rift ; and a good field for discovery, by similar ons, lie “ | to _— on the a = are ae cee -anticlinal axis, bringing up Lower Cretaceous FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 255 A low flat sea-shore like that of Mablethorpe, with its unrivalled stretch of sands, is always a matter of interest to the geologist, as, from it can be traced the origin of many similar strata in past ages. The ripple marks and water runnels in the sands have their counter- parts in the Yorkshire flagstones, the thin shales of the Keuper, and other deposits of a like nature; and the way in which these are produced can only be arrived at, and verified, by the study of similar actions at the present time. In some places, particularly near the mud-flats of Saltfleet, on turning up the soil, numerous well-defined laminations of alternate sand and mud were met with. These are caused by the occasional overflowing of the sea, charged with mud and silt, forming a layer, which is again covered over by the blown up sand ; while, in other places, the difficulties in pronouncing strata to be of marine or terrestrial origin, were well exemplified in the fact of finding some Three-spined Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus Spinulosus), which are fond of brackish water, lying dead in the dried-up channels and mud-holes, mixed up with crabs, zoophytes, ray’s egg-cases, land, freshwater, and marine shells, and countless thousands of the little shore-loving mollusc (Assiminea grayana), which abounds on the fitties at Clee- Orpes, and is met with generally in the salt-marshes of our eastern coasts. And now a word about the high banks of sand running all along the coast, and the mode of their formation. These banks, begun by the hand of man and increased by the action of the wind, present a feature which adds much to the quiet Stay beauty of the scenery. The way in which this increase is effected may be seen any day when a strong wind is blowing towards the land. At such times the dry sand is in motion, and rushes in Clouds, with a stinging effect, towards the barrier, helping to pile it up, and covering in its course every pebble, waif, and shell; each _ Obstacle with its long drawn talus of sand aney from the wind’s direction— Aided old eo ol . The sea, as is often erroneously thought, has had, and can have, no hand in this. The sea is always a leveller, and if the tides were | high enough, and strong enough, it would sweep away the refuge of — __ Sand by undermining its base—but the bank here has become so a matted and protected by the Sea Buck-Thorn (Hippophaé rham- _noides), the Sea Maram (Psamma arenaria) with its fine glaucous foliage, Elymus arenarius—the Icelanders’ substitute for corn—and _ Other grasses ; till, aided by the continued robe up of the sand, he bank ol sO ; oe : oe ey vpeconic well-nigh, it not - . ures) 256 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. far,-at all events, as any force is concerned which so narrow and shallow a sea as the German Ocean can bring against it. These are some of the geological lessons to be learned from a_ walk along a shore like that of Mablethorpe ; and a study of the different sand-marks, tracks, and worm-casts; the thrown-up fragments of wood, shells, and other waifs of the sea, will go far to the correct reading and mode of deposit of similar ancient tidal shores, stg! done in stone—whether, for instance, they have been deposited a quiet or rough coast; whether any rivers or streams flowed ltd them, bringing the products of the land to mingle with those of the sea; or whether the region has been influenced by ice, in which case, as at Mablethorpe, stones and shells from higher latitudes will be met with ; and in solving many a questionable appearance which the student without such knowledge is very apt to mistake. Mr. Whistler’s note is as follows :-— The Roman bank is part of the great earthwork which runs the whole length of the Lindsey Marsh from Boston to Saltfleet, and I think still north again. A long stretch from Boston to Wainfleet is a as roadway, and, I am told, was metalled by the Romans themselves. It is so used again for about a mile at Saltfleet. A great deal of the bank has been carted on to the fields about here to improve sandy land. My Churchwarden, a farmer of 72, remembers well when there were no sand-hills over, or on this side of, the Roman bank (it is under the sand at Mablethorpe and below the Mablethorpe brick-field), and the sea line at that date was much nearer the Roman bank. He worked all one Sunday, with every available cart and man, at repairing a gap made in the bank bya heavy gale, some 60 years ago. This gives the date of the present sand-hillsas _ not more than 50 years ago. They have increased rapidly seawards during my five years here. The botanists were well ace mates the following gentlemen being present :—Dr. Thrimbleby, Rev. E. A. Woodruffe-P rear F, Arnold Lees, Messrs . J. Larder, B. * Ciba MGA AR Yeon an. The Rev. E. A. W. Peacock writes that the following flowering — eu plants were observed on the sand-hills in the three parishes eo Theddlethorpe Alt Saints, ‘St. Helen, and Mablethorpe. 8 Ranunculus atus Sibth Ranunculus sceleratus iL Be Ranunculus trichophylls Chaz. Both the large and small ' flowered type. Aquilegia _ vulgaris L. An escape, without doubt. oe : Nuphat luteum we In Theddlethorpe All Saints’ Sich, perhaps oe ee r. minor Syme. oF ver spana. - P. dubium L Pe ”angemone Ls FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 257 Lychnis vespertina Sibth. Cerastium arvense L. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Arenaria peploides L. Geranium pratense L. In railway ballast at Theddlethorpe Station. Malva rotundifolia L Erodium cicutarium L’Hérit., var. /viviale Jord. and also Bab. First record for county of Lincoln (F.A.L.). Trifolium scabrum. Potentilla reptans L. Rosa rubiginosa L. Myriophyllum spicatum L. About Theddlethorpe All Saints. Conium maculatum L. Apium graveolens L. Chezrophyllum anthriscus Lamk. Galium verum L. Valeriana dioica L. Erigeron acre L. Matricaria parthenium L. Doubtfully wild? Carduus nutans L. Crepis virens L. _ Lactuca virosa L. Sonchus asper Hoffm. Tragopogon minor Fries. (The only var. found in Lincolnshire I believe.—E.A.W.-P.) Armeria maritima Willd. Lysimachia nummularia L. Glaux maritima L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. Samolus valerandi L. Cynoglossum officinale L. Lycopsis arvensis L. Myosotis versicolor Reich. Echium vulgare L. Solanum dulcamara L. Veronica anagallis L. Rhinanthus minor Ehrh. Plantago maritima L. Plantago coronopus L. Obione portulacoides L. Hippophaé rhamnoides L. Salix viridis Fries. (F.A.L.). Salix viminalis L. (F.A-L.). _ Salix cinerea L. (F.A.L.). : 7 - Orchis incarnata L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. A very fine and luxuriant specimen, almost thirty inches high, with three large flowers. _ Allium compactum Thuill. at Theddlethorpe St Ticlens, and i Mablethorpe. First record for var. for county of Lincoln. Triglochin palustre L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. Triglochin maritimum L. 7 ellia pedicellata Fries. Firstrecord for North Lincolnshire. arenaria L. — 258 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Festuca rubra L. So Mr. Arthur Barnett nameda specimen from Skegness for me, but I cannot help thinking that it is the F. rubra L.., i.¢e., F. arenaria Osb.; but it was not creeping as far as I Sbeerved. This is a first veceed for county of Lincoln in any case. Unfortunately I lost my specimens.—E. A. W.- bot arenarius L. lants which I find, from theevid of my ‘Locality Register, to ie common to all parts of the county I have not noticed in this list. Specimens of most of the rarer ones were taken from the County Herbarium, which, along with the thousands of notes in my ‘ Locality Register,’ are always at the service of working naturalists. This list, considering the short time at the disposal of the botanists, is a very creditable one; for they were deprived for two-thirds of their walk of the great knowledge of Mr. F. A. Lees, who arrived by a later train. The following entomologists were present :—Professor L. C. Miall, F.R.S., Rev. W. W. Fowler, M.A., F.E.S., and Messrs. T. Gelsthorpe, W. F. Baker, J. Coe, and E. J. Slater. For the Lepidoptera, the only thing worthy of note was the enormous quantity of the larve of the Cinnabar Moth (Euchelia Jacobee), all the shrubs and plants on the sand-hills literally swarming with them. For the Coleoptera, the Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler reports that the weather was extremely unfavourable, as a strong and cold east wind was blowing, and very few therefore were ‘observed, — the best being Bledius bicornis, which, to judge by the casts — thrown up considerably below high-water mark, was very abundant ; ge Bledius arenarius was also found and a single specimen ce Dyschirius thoracicus; Anomala frischii also occurred on the sand- hills, with a few ordinary Dromii, Homalote, etc.; these with —_ a guttula, Hydroporus assimilis, and H. depressus, cat a few common Bembidia made up the list of captures. _ Cynoglossum officinale (the oe _ Common Hound’s Tongue) was in bloom, and very plentiful, but did o not yield a single beetle, although one certainly might have cen e to get a few Centhorhynchus asperifoliarum, For Conchology, Mr. F. W. Fierke, M.C.S., the Ree be w : Whistler, M.R.C.S., and Mr. F. M. Burton collected, the first named - giving the following report : — a The investigation of a new y district has invariably a healthful . ‘influence cme mind of as it ~pro’ rovides him — oS c with material for useful comparative work. Tt must be confessed aelich eatincsten tell at atest esa ~*~ FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 259 in our power in promoting the furtherance of the natural history activities of the county of Lincoln, that we were induced to leave the Yorkshire side of the ‘muddy’ Humber, and to attend the meeting of Lincolnshire naturalists at Mablethorpe. The time at our disposal was short, for we only reached Mablethorpe about 11 a.m., and, by the time we had arrived at Saltfleetby, the place at which operations practically commenced, it was nearly noon. Taking a rough bird’s-eye view, the district presented a striking resemblance to many parts of Holderness, a flat-lying country, with numerous dykes and drains intersecting each other. Such at any rate, were the distinguishing features of our route between Saltfleetby Station and the sand-dunes of the coast. It was, however, soon made plain that the drainage system of the district was not designed to serve agricultural interests to such an extent as appears to be the case in Holderness. The frequent cleansing of the drains seriously interferes with the development of the mollusca inhabiting them. At Saltfleetby there were manifest indications of the dykes having been left undisturbed for some time past, which had favoured the growth of Physa fontinalis to the average length of half-an-inch, and to an unusual development of that elegantly formed shell Bythinia leachit, which in some few instances had been such as almost to rival in size its clumsy-looking relative, B. tentaculata. Both species were exceedingly abundant; in fact, the pectinibranchiate mollusca Were uncommonly well represented in the dykes of the route. A short distance from the coast we halted by the bank-side of a wide _ drain which had an average depth of about eighteen inches of water, a light sandy bottom, and contained very little vegetation. It was not difficult soon to distinguish grovelling at the bottom, the heavy 0 — form of Viviparus contectus. On the other side of the road one more gill-breathing mollusc occurred plentifully on a species of L£nteromorpha which covers the surface of the water. | ieee = a3 Vateata cristata. 3 vegetation ; in places the surface was _ the less generally distributed Z. gibda, and here and there the unmis- . With the exception of the focaliiy. where Vines was takes : here was, everywhere over the route, a luxuriant growth of ne takeable reniform-shaped leaves of the frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus- vane). The uppermost whorls of the shell of Limnea stagnalis __ Were occasionally to be observed as the animal would be struggling — oa the mass of weeds from which it seemed to be endeavouring to” : 7 means oe abet of this ——— — Sept. 1893, 1893. 260 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. An examination of the water-weeds and caddis-cases requires time and patience, but the trouble so expended has often its reward. The caddis-cases particularly form a very profitable study; the curious animal which you will invariably find in them is a veritable conchologist, for it collects the shells of the pond or dyke and glues em together, forming for itself an almost invulnerable stronghold in which it resides. It was to one of these cases we were unquestion- ably indebted for directing our attention to a more careful sorting of the water-weeds for that rare freshwater mollusc Segmentina nitida (Mull.), of which we caenhom obtained several living specimens. Lastly, in regard to the aquatic molluscs, we observed several instances of abnormal ane Planorbis umbiticatus, which is particularly common near Saltfleetby, appears to affect in many specimens a very striking swollen character near the mouth of the shell. One specimen of this species exhibited a very odd shape; the shell had apparently received some injury at one time, resulting in the interference of the growth of the whorls on the normal plane. A specimen of P. vortex was taken with the whorls very much disjointed, giving the shell a distinct conical appearance. In both cases the shells contained the living animal, which remained perfectly lively and well in the jars of water in which ved were placed for subsequent observation. The following aquatic species were taken on eh route :—/isidium pusillum, Spherium corneum, Valvata cristata, Bythinia leachii, . tentaculata, Viviparus contectus, Limnea palustris, L. stagnalis, — Ps peregra, Physa fontinalis, Planorbis contortus, P. corneus, £- umbilicatus, P. carinatus, P. vortex, and Segmentina nitida. = The weather had been much too dry to have made search for terrestrial mollusca successful, even had we had time on our hands me have doneso. The Rev. C. W. Whistler had succeeded in obtaining specimen of Hyalinia fulva, and on the previous day Mr. J.Coe (Hull) collected on the coast near Mablethorpe the shells of Helix aspersa var. exalbida. H. caperata was noticed on the coast. The broken shells of Helix nemoralis were fairly abundant on the sand-— dunes, where they appear to have met their unhappy fate through some enterprising members of the feathered tribe. 7S Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., gives the following as a list ) of the birds seen at Mablethorpe, on June 12th, and the two ene a ft ing ore with nes notes on some of the species:— oe. MIGRATORY BIRDS IN THE TRENT VALLEY. 261 Stonechat. Lark. - Whitethroat. Cuckoo. uniin. Sedgewarbler. Kestrel. Aum Linnet. Wild Duck (Azas doschas). Notes on the above :— Numbers frequent the sand-hills for the aoe which supply a source of food both in the summer and winte Wheatear. Several seen, and two broods along with the old birds, the one north and the other immediately south of Saltfleet Hav Sieaéchat Several pairs, also young, but chiefly confined to the land side of sand-hills—both this and the Whinchat frequent the sands, searching for small flies in the ridge of seaweed brought in with the tid An extremely pale sand coloured variety seen in one of the warrens. Stockdove. Several pairs, and nesting in the rabbit-burrows or the warrens. Ringed Plover. Both the greater and the smaller race were seen, the former evidently nesting on the coast. Sanderling. Two seen in company with one of the smaller race of Dunlin, in summer plumage, and one of the small Ringed Plover. June 12th isa late date for the Sanderling, a species which ought at this time to be at its nesting quarters within the Arctic Circle. I drove close past these little birds and observed that the neck and upper breast were closely spotted with brown, as in summer, © but the upper parts were mainly ash-grey, as in wint Redshank. About five pair near Saltfleet, aaa they were evidently nesting. With regard to the other branches of natural history only = _ Notes were made. A small Pike was obtained in one of the drains, also two species of Newts: the Frog, the Common Toad, the . (releas Toad, and one of the false scorpions, Chelifer degeertt. ~The Polecat : appears to be common in the district. —W. F. BAKER. NOTE—ORNI THOLOGY. - Migratory Birds in rent Valley.— Widachdey, h A as a hot day wih a strong goo be bas the east and ‘north-east. At nine o'clock in _ the evening the wind dropped and lightning commenced. a few hours later _ a thunderstorm was raging, which lasted with shat intervals till 8am. Several _ umes during the night and notably at about 3 a.m. I heard large flocks of waders 262 TRE STUDY OF DIATOMS. An prise | tothe Study of the | Diat ez, | By | FREDERICK WM. LLS, . RONLS | 2s | S| with at Bibliography, | rif rae ests, ERM gra | London : | Tliffe & Son Ors Pa B 8vo. xii +243 pag This little a is modestly styled an ‘ Introduction’ by its author, and it is truly such, being very elementary in nature. Of the 240 pp- comprising the text, the work proper only occupies 77 pp., the remainder, pp. 78-240, being the Bibliography of Mr. Julien Deby. With limited space at our disposal, we can but glance at the salient points of the work. On p. 3 we are informed that Diatoms ‘have been known to survive nearly a quarter of a century in their natural element,’ etc.; this quoted instance of ‘longevity’ omits the important fact that in that long period there must have been many cycles of generations—each of comparatively brief existence. In chapter ii. the structure, internal and external, of these lovely little organisms is but cursorily treated; and, in lieu of information on the chemistry of the endochrome, references only are given, and those to authors inaccessible to ordinary British readers. The third chapter, on the movements of Diatoms, i " spe fairly rendered; bear the quotations well chosen. he fourth based upon that of Prof. H. L. Smith lone: “of: the few American authors whom it is safe to follow !), which will be found very useful for reference by any student. With respect to the modes of repro- — : duction, it ‘goes without saying’ that the dicta of the illustrious _ DeBary represent practically all that is known. Many diatomists will, however, not accept the new-fangled term Zygosperm as a sub-— stitute for the older word Zygospore—and the mass of practical workers will object to the conclusions quoted from Dr. Dallinger. are sO important that we cite them. He says, pp. 39-4% binary sub-division cannot take place in genera with unequal valves, as it is universally acknowledged that the two new valves which are formed in the process of binary sub-division must stereotype them- _ selves on the old valves ’—this is exactly what does zof take place! A very distinguished observer writes to us, ‘ the young valves never stereotype themselves om the parent valves . . . they are unquestionably developed within the parent valves.’ The use of the word ‘stereotype’ by Dr. Dallinger appears to be a lapsus calami, — as, if anything approaching a stereotyping occurred in vegetative _ self-division, the markings would also ‘stereotype’ fescapbion’ ys : forms d this our friend writes, ‘both th 7 : not acquire their perfect streistisiy until each has emerged from its parent Wave, «6 = and why each y young valve and not _ before, _ completes its structural ad n more than THE STUDY OF DIATOMS. 263 I shall ever know’! Again, Dr. Dallinger says (respecting binary sub-division), ‘this process cannot take place in those genera in which axes cross one another like Campylodiscus, or in those in which the two valves, although equal, yet constantly unite in such a way that the similar parts alternate with one another, as may be seen in Asterolampra.’ Once more ‘a slip of the pen’! ‘the valves of no diatom-frustules, except those developed from the sporangial brood, have equal valves, i.e., valves of exactly the same dimensions—and every diatom subdivides in the usual fashion, whether its axes do or do not cross each other.’ With the remarks of the veteran observer, whom we quote, we can but entirely agree ; and would refer any one who was curious on these points to such memoirs as O. Muller, on Aelosira (Orthosia) arenaria; or Wallich, on the relation between the development, reproduction, and markings of the Diatomacee. On page 41 the word ‘thallus’ is correctly used in its pristine sense, but it is worthy of remark that the term ‘stipes’ is more usually employed to denote the long or short, granular or hyaline, pedicels or branchlets, on which are borne the stipitate (not stipate) species : in English books the word thallus is usually taken to denote the irregular fibro-mucous masses, or branching quasi-fronds, in which many of these forms live em- bedded. The notes upon mounting, especially ‘in situ,’ are hardly Satisfactory. No varnished cells (asphalt, ‘coachmaker’s-black’, or ‘black-japan,’) should be used unless they have been gently baked, to harden them. To mix benzol with gold-size is superfluous ; but, when closing the cell, in wet mounts, both the top of the ring and the edge of the cover-glass should be lightly touched with the gold- size ; this makes the ‘joint’ doubly secure. An excellent medium — - for fuid mounts is distilled water impregnated with a little camphor, creosote, or carbolic acid—we agree with Mr. Mills that in water alone _ these objects will soon decompose. No mention is made of the 2 methods of mounting the frustules in Canada-balsam, mono- — oe eon, of naphthaline, etc., while the wonderfully concocted _ -‘nostrum’ devised by Mr. E. M. Nelson is given #n extenso! _Among a matters connected with app _ Of Ross & Co. should ‘be omitted ; and among lamps the ‘Bockett- lamp’ of Collins surely might have found a place? On objectives . one remark is eoubepien aiher viz., that it is not advisable to use — _ a higher power than a { in.; this is sound sense, and we advise its e consideration by the followers of ‘twenty-fifths and fiftieths ’—as.all _ the best work has been performed with comparatively low powers. = chapter on Photography will repay perusal by the dilettante -opist, #5 home core Tat been bestowed ape se a 264 NOTES : BOTANY. process and accessories—but no micro-photograph has yet equalled the splendid handiwork of first rate draughtsmen, such as the late Tuffen West, Dr. Greville, and Huth. Without being hypercritical upon so modest a compilation as that of Mr. Mills, we must confess ourselves somewhat ears ted. The major part of the volume is devoted to the Bibliography of Mr. Deby (assisted, we believe, by that excellent authority, Mr. F. Kitton), and this is simply splendid—beyond all praise. _ It is, in fact, worth all the cost of the book—and no student of the Diatoms will, in the future, be able to dispense with the references it affords. The type and ‘get up’ of the work are very good, but revision has been sadly needed, as evinced by the number of aa errors, and words and proper names mis-spelt. W.B et eal sialic iataanitils Rosa spinosissima in Lincolnshire.—This as at length been recorded well within the county, by sh brother, she ‘autives it in Raithby Parish, near oe in June. The specimen has been cag etree for me by Mr. F. Arnol Lees, hoc AE Lences, ‘onl August Rosa villosa sub-sp. (Sm.) in North Lincs., oe ne been found on the chalk in Welton Parish, near Louth, and identified by Mr. F. A. Lees, who writes that this montane rose, growing in low east England, y by . ra sage Pebert red crags . R. Yeoman, near Goulceby.—J. LARDER, Louth, — ns in Bloom.—Three male Ash trees (Fraxinus excelstor) growing near Penrith have this ‘been covered with bloom whilst in full leaf So singular and beautiful did they appear as to become unrecognisable to many. = It is no doubt due to the remarkably warm and dry spri e i is rarely seen blooming in such perfection ee in leaf, the flower coming — I should like to know if this has been noticed in other places.— J. CHARL S SMITH, Nandana, Penrith, 13th July, ios Mud Car ex (Carex limosa).—I have found this Carex growing a at Woodside 8 Moss in North Westmorland. It ree I think, be considered rare in England, especially in the South, but common in Scotland.—J. CHares Sm1TH, Nandana, Penrith, "3th July, 1893. S Bei J.C C. Smith sent me a specimen of Carex dimosa from Woodside Moss, #0 . I have only seen it from one 0’ station in Westmorland, at 1,000 feet ver Kentmere, where it was found by Mr, 1. C. Martindale. It would be interesting to know what is the ae the & Woodside station. Is et ey Oe y that genuine C. mest was common in Scotland. J. G. Bixee specimens ‘of Herb Paris (Paris qu adriflig), ), growing inanriantl 7 in & “damp ady situation at Woodside Mos: Westmorland, _— sc 265 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY, 1892. THE present instalment has been compiled and edited by ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S. Previous instalments of pcm ee of Geology and Palzontology have appeared as For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,’ Dec. 1885, pp. 394-406. Vov. 1886, pp. 349-362. id q 5» ” «6 «1866, a June 1888, pp. vighags ” 1887, + Feb. 1889, pp- » 1888, He April-May A ts on 121-138. » 1889, » Nov. 1890, pp- 339-350- ss) «2890, » Oct.-Nov. 1891, pp. 313-330. i 38Qr, Ss July-Aug. 1892, pp. 219-234. The following list includes a few entries omitted in former instalments. The chief abbreviations employed are :— Q.J.G.S. = Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xlviii. G.M. = Geological Magazine, decade 3, vol. ix. Rep. B.A. = Report of British Association Meeting for 1891 (at r. Leeds G. oe Transactions of Leeds Geological ——. te vii. Tr. Manch. G.S.=Transactions of Manchester Geological Need vols. xxi. xxii. m. Pr. Manch. LPS- Memos and Proceedings of Man- ae Literary and Philosophical Society, ser. 4, vol. v. Pr. Liy. G.S. = Proceedings of ee Geological ey vol. vi., part 4. Pr. Yorks. G.P.S. = Proceedings of Yorkshire. Geological and Nec argemts Society (N.S.) vol. xii., parts I. and II. : H.J. = Natural History Society. Anon. [not signed]. Lane. S. Ancient Red-deer Horns Hound in the old bed of the Irwell during the Sry eas — Canal Se, Land and Water, Oct. 26th, sa, 266 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. ANON, [not = York $.E, ient : British and Roman [at ee oie in the cliff; remains of tone and Fallow Deer found]. Yorks. Notes and Queries, part 19, April 1090, Anon. [not aoe Northern a The Coal-fields of the United a [a series of articles on the neg: with raneynas tables giving the position one a pres or ms]. Colliery Guardian, ox ee 1891, ash et signed]. York Mid we ists’ Annual Conversazione [with some account of t ssi selbhng of the Elbolton Cave near erent _ he Herald, Jan. py ANON. [not ace N.W. of England. The first annual meeting of the North-West of gland Bould Paasatnas ta [reported in a Matare: March 24th, vol. 45, p- 495- ANON, [not signed]. Isle of Man. Geological notes made on an] Excursion to Michael, September Ist, 1891. Yn Lioar pena: April, pp. 307-308. Anon. [signed ‘M ay Linc. N. Submerged rau fat Mablethorpe]. Nature, June gth, p. 128. Anon, [not — Lancs. S. Deep t Manchester [with an account of the shaft _— boring bs Audenshaw, okie ile of 1,018 yards; the superficial deposits are 60 yards thick, and no coal w struck until a depth of goo yards was reached]. Chambers’ Journal, and Perk Weekly Post, Aug. 27t th.” ANON. [not sf 0m _ Derbyshire. The > Pa ee Pe, vs eak District rl ire “Thorough Guides ") i PP- 53-55- [Str] Henry H. Howorru. York S.E., N.E., N.W. Did the Mammoth live before, during, or after the deposition of the Drift 2 if for the sirens age of hee Mammoth in Britain: evidence is drawn from ~ Hou gravels, the Kirkdale and Victoria caves, etc. ]. G. M., June, pp. Str Henry H. Howorru. Line. S. The Mammoth and the Glacial Drift. A reply to Mr. A. J. bigest with especial reference to the mammoth remains at Burgh]. G. M., Nov., PP- 502-505. Witrrip H. HupDLEsTon. York N.E., Lincolnshire. A Monograph of the British Jurassic Gasteropoda: Part i., No. 5, Gasteropoda of the Inferior Oolite, pp. 225-272, pl. xvii.-x x. [describing many species and varieties, some new ru saps nging to the families 7 urritellida, Pseudomelanide, Naticide, and Ass y from the Lin aa lime- stone of Ponton and Weldon, the ostanad fT Blue Wyke, and the Scarborough Limestone of Cloughton]. Pubcoatopraphical Soc., vol. for 1891. Witrrip H. siege Lincoln, York N.E. A be f the pee Jurassic Gasteropoda; » Ne xxvi. [describing Amd —— cf. meriani and Littorina Pisa ee Weldon a Ponton, A. cygnea, sp. nov., and L. polytimeta, Lincoln; A. biserta from Ne Wyke; A. cf. meriant a = - phillips from Cloughton Wyke ; Z. weldonis, sp. nov. and Z. edilis (?) m the Lincolnshire Resenteite, Palzeon' ntographical Soc., vol. xlvi. W. HUDLESTON and EpwarD WILSON. York N.E., repre urassic opoda [giving geological ho locality, and 5 ibliceraphical references for more than a thousand ajeciex, uding many from East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire]. 8vo., pp. xxxiil. + 147, London. Ww. cena Hurcuines. Cumberland, Westmorland. Ash-Slates and other Rocks of the Lake describing the microscopic structure and constitution of Si rocks, and especially the occurrence of minute sericite, garnet, , and the formation of secondary felspars, in part orthocl ase]. G. M. rer and May, Ppp: es 218-228. OsMUND W. JEFFs (Secretaiy}. I. of Man, gto York. : oe oe Coe e of .”. i [sgnemell = the collecti tematic 1 of . © arrange for preservation, = Photographs of Geological Interest in the United ae [with second ia of phot ]. Rep. B.A. for 1891, pp. 321-333. . E. ay err York Mid W. i of the Etbolton Cave {see 1801 list], Pr. Yorks. G.P.S., pt. i “pp. 105-107. | Durham and ‘North of England.’ 1. RUPERT Jones and James W. KIRKBY. N England n rocks a ih cepa a ae Ann. & Mag. ‘Nat. Hist. wee: y z a | Narwralst ots. Api 180, bp BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1892. 273 Cumberland, Westmorland, Furness. T. Rupert Jones and HENRY gbacheesar A Monograph of the British Palzozoi yllopoda: Part II, pp. 73- pl. xiii.-xvi. ive cribing palpate sap nat and Peltocaris anatina Long Sleddale, Ca — marrit from Keswick, Aptychopsis peste sie (sp. ke rama Rebe ca Hill, ee A. lapwort thi, Peltocaris patula (sp. nov.), Descin cate brow 2D. gigas ope ear: and A. Se from Troutbeck} roecltbpalties Oc, xlvi. A. J. cst inc. hae moth and the Glacial Drift [combating Sir H. Howorth’s assertio het the mammoth fauna is never caaevi by Glacial Drift, and referring a the section near vee G.M., Oct., pp. 477-4 Percy F. Kenp. = Lanc. sha teciua of Drift at Levenshulme, Manchester [the agreemen tween the directions of transport of boulders, i ees of Romertoy. ches o orientation of large esegesdy Ug nd scrat rock-surfaces point to t action of domton Rep. B. oe 1891, pp. 6s, St. P. F. KENDALL. Isle of Man. the Soiree of some Remarkable Boulders in the Isle of Man [see full Review in Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 9, Apl.-Oct. 1891, pp. 300-1]. P. F. KENDALL. of Man. Im a Granite portant Discovery with respect to Manks Boulders, be containing d/ue paneer traceable from Ailsa Craig, etc. ]. of Isle nd Man Nat. Hist. & Ant. Soc., Feb. 10, 1891; Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 6. York S.E. Note on the Mode of Preservation of the Bones [of Fallow Deer from Goole Moor ; appendix to Mr. Waite’s consi Nat., June, pp. 169, 170. Percy F. KENDALL. Northern Counties. supposed Glacial Submergence [presenting the evidence against a considerable submergence in Glacial ire Tr. Leeds G. A., pp. 43-47. ae Percy F. KENDALL. hapoee S. and Cheshire. Glacial Eee, the rs ceptions ; he also ods tag that the evidence of the shell- fragme a the pie is wholly opposed to the submergence hypothesis]. G. M., ‘Nor. Ady -500. PERCY, F. K Northern C. go Glaciers i the British Isles; describing the glacial henna of these islands, and especially of the North of England, as bearing out the land-ice rremncalig The author atte an account of the several local centres of conditions he glaci laciation and then of the ers became erie os mes Pei a9 was blocked with ice and the Norwegian coast. He no evidence of submergence]. pp. sles of G. = » Weight’ s book (vid. sub.) with wi bases and map, — - H. KENNY. York S.E. of Coast of Yorkshire. ‘Disteites ie Sans 1889, from ° inland to the const [given in tabular —_ Nat., April 1892, p. 105. steties gegen Lanc. S. some Fossil Plants from the Lancashire Coal Measures aa pimingies of several collections and a complete list up to date]. Tr. anch. G, S. Ss.) xxi. i. part xii. pp. 401-423, and discussion pp. 423-428. _ R Kinsros N. ‘York Mid W. = the Gen coe greene Hemingwayi, Kidston) in oal-measures inthe Pereiiey segs Ann. Mag. Nat. ne. "eh ‘vol. ix, E _ : Seon 35 1893 Ss % 274. BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. R. Kipston. York eee he On the Fructification of Sphenophyllum trichomatos' tur, fro ee cnege® a Field [from Cooper’s Pit, Wasaboaduph « Dale, Bebinat = Pr. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 90k xi., part I, pp. 56-62, and plate G. W. Hie ohee Yor k S.E. The Flamborough Drainage Sections [showing how they cool the rapid westerly attenuation of the drift, the extension of the Basement Clay over part of Flamborough Head, the bes ies of the Basement Clay ee the Intermediate Stratified Series, and t se connection between this latter and the is pper Boulder Clay]. Pr. Yorks, G. P. S., part 1, pp. 145-148, pl. v o .E. [Large Mills ee Glacier Boulder (4 ft. x 2}x14) found at Clifton, York]. H, J., June 15th, 1892, p. 76. Labiange ae” crores of the Town and District of Nottingham [with re i of the Coal Measures, etc., and geological map]. Trans. and Proc. Chesterfield ote Midl. Inst. Engin., vol. xviii. p. 58 et seq., pl. ix. x.; 1891. Lanc, Report on the Glacial Deposits between Dingle Point, Liverpool, and Hale Head Snape gag the sections along the coast, and indicating the sources of many of the boulders Sie on the shore : particulars are given 0 136 large houkders): Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 396-406. J. Lomas. Lanc. S. On some Potholes on the Shore near Dingle Point [pointing out their variety of form—circular, oval, annular, or slipper-shaped, the we robably due to the union of two ig be holes]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 4 se. JosErH Lomas. On some ts exposed in a Quarry near Thingwall Mill [in the Lower doves ee sandstones : details of 17 Jontlts as are given and a plan of the quarry]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 441-446, with folding plate. J. Lomas. Cheshire. On a Fault without a Throw [describing a remarkable fault near Caldy — Grange Grammar School, West Kirby]. G. M., April, pp. 191-192. J. Lomas. Lanc. S. and Cheshire. of Sand Grains [objecting to Mr. Reade’s conclusions drawn from the rounded sand- -grains of the drift, compared with those of the Mersey district rete have probably been derived from the New Red Sandstone} G. M., 527. ue Lovet. York S.E. Langtoft near Driffield on the evening East Yorkshire [at of July 3rd). Nature, July 4th, vol. xlvi. p. 246. [For description see Hull ie Gtht oS and Leeds newspapers of July 5th and J. Lovet. York S.E. - The (described with map and two Pick wick a at Round Hill, Langtoft views]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct., ‘PP. 104-107 HL A. MacPHERSON. Lake District. : A Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland Hoctoting the cave-deposits 2 and ong Pleistocene remains) Edinburgh, com MARLEY. - Cleveland and South Durham Salt 1 r hort ¢ ogical sketch followed by oe of oe Veae N. En . inst. Min. oo tek Craven veo Herald, 2 ines to the C te Nebaniiatn toe d's Ty Mountains’ "pointing o the Tight thrown by potting on the ampere S BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 275 J. E. Marr Lake District, Life-Zones in Lower Palzozoic Rocks [illustrated by the distribution of graptolites in the ranks of the Lake District]. Nat. Sci., April, vol. i, p- 124-131. J. E. Marr. Westm — Furness, York ig che The Coniston Li mindy sar Series [tracing the following divisions :—Rom Fell Group (Corona beds, 100 ft.); Sleddale ier (Stile E Boe 50 ft. Yarlside Rhyolites, ‘Consoie erate, 10 ft., Applethwaite beds, ft.) ; Ash- gill eon Sash cephalus Limestone, 5 ft. , Ashgill Shales, 50 fi): ): fossil lists are given for these three oo which have quite distinct faunas]. G. M., a Pp. 97-110, pl. J. E. Marr. Westmorland, York N.W. Paster Remarks on the Coniston Limestone [in reply to Mr. Goodchild ; upholding the author’s division i the group into palzontological zones], M., P- 443-447. J. E. Marr. Lake District and York N.W. the Wenlock and Ludlow Strata of the Lake District [The Wenlock is Gm Te x by the Brathay Flags, the lower part of the ‘ Coniston Flags’ by the oh oor Fl ossil lists are given, and special attention irected to the graptolites ‘which Sasatteciee particular zones]. G. M., 334 541 Derbyshire. Handbook to the Geology of Derbyshire, 2nd ed. [giving a neral fossil lists, vertical sections of the C sures d other 3 material of the ter e-beds i dt de ridge to the south; the drift is treated according to Mr. Deeley’s views; the Tess’ d with a of 23 mam many]. 12mo., 89 pp., with map and 5 > dae London W. D. M[ercatr}. York Mid W. Excursion to Oulton [to inspect a recent boring near the x. leptey a the geology of the district briefly described], Tr. Leeds G. A., 5 L. C. MIA. York Mid = si S.W. Airedale ; [described in popular Pen wih ‘chapter heatled* The Eousdoie of York- shire,’ ‘Geology of kipton, try between Pou rove hipley, ow e ¢ to the North of Leeds,’ cad Pe Ratiace Quadrupeds of Airedale > Hand- oe gy gage ropa and Airedale. ee ee = oe uppndant ait a8 1-42. : o YEH, Mites. — Notes on on Supposed ‘ Footprints’ found at ok Restores Gh the Keuper ; their peculiarities pointed out}. — Liverp. Geol. Assoc., vol xii. oe Bas OG, H. Morton, Cheshire. Su SESE of the Glacial Drift, a pun ane cause of : Submerged Beat and Forest- ode [combating Mr. Shone’ s applica cation of this. e case of Ince}. G. M., Sep., 7. 430-432. Pheer A pies _ Geology o: ae MeLLARD READE. 276 BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALAZONTOLOGY, 1892. R. NassE. Durham, Northumberland. Economic and Comparative Notices on the Coal Working in D and Northumberland [a general account of the Durham coal-field, noting succession of strata, ol none "gprs of coal, etc.]. eits. Berg. 189I. Hiitten u. Sal. Wesen. in Preuss., vol. xxxix. p. 282 et seq. ; A. G. NaTHORST. York S.E. _ Fresh Evidence concerning the Distribution of Arctic Plants during the Glacial Epoch [with ee = the finding of leaves of Betu/a nana in peat- moss at Bri EO and . at Holmpton ; woodcut map given]. Nature, Jan. 21st, 1892, eae Phas 275. W. Hunt PAINTER Derbyshire. Derbyshire Fossils. Nat., Jan., p. 22. A. Paviow and G. Pi LAMPLUGH. York S.E., Lincoln N- et leurs grag [Part 1, by Mr. Lamplugh, gives a full account of men Speeton Clay, its exact succession, detailed measurements, and the characteristic fossils of the soviaee) marked horizons ; also a col ison it i i Part Prof. with t ire series. rt 2, by Pavlow, gi p descrip! of the belemnites and gape of S sp nd compares them with the corres orms i other countries. Is devoted to correlation of the — itis | ie ralbe neg succession} Bull. Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou for 1891, Nos. 2, 3, 4, pp- 181-213, 455-5703 pl iv-vili. xili-xvili. Abate. in G.M., Sep., p P- 422-426, and Nature, July 14, p- 257. : S. S. Pearr Lanc. S. ) of the Recent Results of the Investigations into Local Erratic Blocks. Trans. Rochdale Lit. Sci. Soc., vol. iit. with Boone J. POSTLETHWAITE. ae ares Ashes and Breccias of the Volcanic Series of Borrowdale {with some general account of the series, but in siabtticilag “deccrbing the distribution of slaty cleavage ; also a ot by Prof. Bonney on the microscopic _ of som Pega tore: . ve e figured]. Trans. Cumb. Westm. iy NOG XV, 54, plate and map. J: PosTLETHWAITE. Cc The of White Hause and Great Cockup [two small ne gn sp ee of —— rock like that of Little aon} Q. J. G. S., Nov., PP “513> jk. rae ‘Boulder Cla: the North End of Liverpool [noting eal certain bould a ic ae nite supposed to be from Antrim, m Bootle Docks, a tooth of Acrodus in the Ider-clay at Moor Hey, with shell-fragments peor? of wilhelmite, hemimorphite, haematite, etc.» a limestone k another wi 1 Liverp. Geol. Ass., ae x. sy 52-58; 1 fat Crosby]. Nat. » May, p. 149. oe8 : ue MELLARD READE. Lancashire and “Glacial Geology : Old and er [dealing especially with the basin of the fe _ Irish Sea ; eon the glacial accumulations there, and arguing in oe of the submergence —— land-ice ? me C. M., July, pp- 310-320 ae Cheshire, Lanc. S. BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 277 ay eee READE. Lancashire S. Shapes of Sand Grains [referring to those in the dunes between Crosby and pert ae G. M., Oct., pp. 478, 479. a MELLARD READ Cum in Dail tesa in a section on the shore near St. Bees, south of Nether- town Station], G. M., Nov., pp. 490, 491. F.R. Cooper REED. as Mid hie Woodwardian Museum Notes [describing an abnormally fi in er gah ey pileatus mh ), from the Carboniferous “pan tiny: of ent 549. ot Rivers: Durham. ‘Concretions’ in Magnesian Limestone [suggesting that’ these - have hy ergy from actual cavities formerly distended by gases]. G.M., Jan., <. Wis. " " Yors NW. Report of the Field Meeting [of the oy ed.“ Geological Society] at Settle, May 1891 [noticing — coal in the Carboniferous Limestone at Beecroft near Horton, the Coniston ang at Brackenbottom and Norber, and the perched blocks on Roches Be w]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 453-455. R. W. B. Roperts. York S.E., N.E. The Cliff Sections of the Yorkshire Coast [describing generally the strat rata bi angie from ear tae to Whitby]. Journ. Liverp. Geol. Ass., vol. xi. P- 59 et seq., THOMAS patton ork N.E., S.E., Lincolnshire. The Jurassic Rocks of the OT mie: Cambridge . {including their correlation with the corresponding strata in the northern counties]. 8vo, pp. vii.+96 [77-80]; Cambridge. {G. E.] ROGER RS. Isle of Man. [A curious formation from Cronk Sumark, Sulby]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, April eral . 308. . oie [translated from]. Cumberland. Note on the Metamorphosed Skiddaw Slates. Nat., April, pp. 119, 120. G. Seas and E. T. NEWTON. Cumberland. On a new Form of Agelacrinites (Lepidodiscus Milleri, n. sp.) from m the Lower Carboniferous Limestone of oben OG Ss he baring on the river Irt character of species descri a Pp- 150-152, plate ti. wap ice in Ann. and Mag. N. H., Feb. 1892, p. : _ James Leszie SHAW. la eeR and Furness. The of Cumberland [ describing the mode of occurrence ee these ich deposits, which occu i the Carboniferous lage se -and the older — rocks, and specu. on their derivation: a in Sin en and a section of Gilfoot Park Mines]. ee aed We my neg vol. a Pt iv. Nee Pe -* 219, pl. xx : W. Song. — * shire The Subterranean Erosion of the Glacial Drift, a probable cause cause of submerged and Forest- Be (ieaeated se a section at —— Chester} OLS. Fe. p Agee : THEODORE SINGTON, ; ce oo Notes on the Geology of the Isle of Man. Rep and Po. Mase Sci. ‘Stud. Ass. for 1888 (publ. March 1889), pp- vedic a ot eee SINGTON. Limestone of — hire . __Manch. Sei. Stud. Ass. for pomianes “March 1 1889), | oe gin: a Handbook for Leeds —y ae Prepared for the use of the - 278 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. F. SIssons. Notts, Derbyshire. — —— {and is bone-caves, with remains of pleistocene mam als]. s’ ‘ Beauties of Sherw: gp — st’: a Guide to the ‘ Dukeries aad eaioon, a ed., 1388, pp- 107-1 WARINGTON W. SMy Isle of Man. eo of [51] M as ound in the Isle of Man. Trans. Isle of Man N.H.LS., vol. i. pero (publ. 1888), p. 143-7. H. SPEIGHT. York Mid W. The orth-West Yorkshire Highlands {with numerous notes on physics features and geology of the district]. 8vo, pp. 4 ss jor: < J. W. STaTHER, he Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Coxwold and Byland ena Nat., Dec., pp. 353, 354- oo Mark STIRRUP. Lanc. Ss. Discovery of a large Boulder at Ardwick [a striated ee > ft. 5m, long, probatly a dinbase], Tr. Manch. G. S., xxii. pt. ii. pp. 53-55- M. Tarr. Yo ae N.E., S.E., S.W., Mid iW and N.W. Yorkshire Scenes, Lore, and Contour rahe of River amet Geologic Map, large ildive Map age the whole County [etc.] y F..D. King frit Os a shoe slight geological references througho oe or as: Book, Prin and Publisher, 3, Briggate. bi = {cloth, 100 pages tt Hy pert dg maps and numerous views of scenery]. THomas TATE eet York N.E., S.E. e Yor! Boulder Committee and its Fifth Year’s ak: Nat., tes 0 pp- 159-165. oS Tuomas TATE. Lake District. . Lake Country Rocks, Nat., Aug., pp. 237-240. So THos. TATE. Lake District. How to Recognise Lake Country Rocks ee only, enumerating the more important types]. Tr. Leeds G. A., pp. THOMAS a : Z Barings is Sait and Coal in 1, the Salt-rock also absent ; : the Magnesian : Limestone poly a0 & thick, and apparently resting directly on Vie S strata]. Q. J.G.S., pete pp- 488-495. Bs E. Taxtor {not si -bands Derbyshire. ‘ossil Shells : : We have frequently mest near Castleton, . ‘Derbyshire, specimens of Terebratula hastata etaining th a aS colour- bands}. Sci. Goss., Jan. 1892, p. 19. - re H ss oe aoe York Mid w. &S.W. in the Upper Aire Valley, and their Physieal Hi _ British Association Sensi. 1890, pp. cs eee ne R. H. TIDDEMAN. : a ork Mid w. Ss : to the Craven Naturalists, t reating of f the conditions - a "of the Co Sietvick in Carboniferous times, and espec cating of escribing the _ Speaker’s mot the ‘ro the part played rs sacar ferads Jan 29th ‘one ountain grew ae BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1892. 279 [JAMES re Lanc. S. [Exhibition of specimens of ‘Peacock Coal,’ and note on its occurrence at Plodder Mine near Hulton], Tr. Manch. G. S., xxi. part xiii. pp. 321; 362. R. H. Traquair York S.W. and N.W., D hire. Further No tes on Carboniferous Selachii [partly based ~ hr eaeer oc Derbyshire material, and criticising Davis’s work]. 1888; Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. 9, part 3, 1887-1888 (publ 1888), pp. 42I- J. STANLEY Tore. York Mid W. A Permian lomerate —_— Markington [consisting of worn pebbles of Carboniferous Limeston and angular fragments of Magnesian Limestone ina limestone mat eo section (70 feet exposed) is given]. Pr. Yorks. G.P.S., pt. i. pp. 72, 73. Epcar R. WaIrTE. York S.E, emains of Fallow Deer from Goole Moor. Nat., June, pp. 167-169. JOHN FrRANcIs ee nm Yorkshire Thecidea [recording the 7. ormatum of Moore as plentiful i in the Coral Rag of Aye near Scarborough]. G. M., Dec., GEORGE WILD. Lanc. S. On the Lower Coal Measures of Lancashire : Organic Remains, Sections of Seams, and probable Mode of Formation [with numerous local details, including” scan at Townhouse Colliery, general section of the Lower Coal Measures, and catalogue of fossils]. Tr. Manch. G. S., xxi. pt. xiii. . 364-400, with sections and plates i.-iii. [fossils]. G. Witp, [M.] Strrrup, and [R.] CLay. ire S. Globular Concretions from Measures of Lancashire [at Ashton- under-Lyne, Diggle, and Dukinfield). Tr. Masth: G. oe xxii. fh ii. ag 66-61. W. C. WILLIAMSON. W., a E. [Slab of Carboniferous Limestone from Bolland, inert a ag mg ooze into me ire esi and | Pic 2 3. G ' Tee, pp- ern 185. Nature, May iol ge p. 79. WA. Wittransox. Lanc. S., York S.W. On the Fossil Plants of the Soe ome ~ xviii. [describing Bewmanites dawsoni from Footmine, ar Oldham, and Cinder Hills, near Halifax; and Rachi jopteris ramosa hoa tthe ¢ ard Bed,’ Halifax]. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. 182 B, pp. 255-265, plates XXV,-XXVii. a We, Chawecen Waaunaon es Lanc. S. _ The Genus Sphenophyllum (discussed). cages Nov. se ioe, PP. i W.C. WILLIAMSON. Ss. [The Boulder found in Csford Bond, Matec. eee _ Rep. and Proc. Manch. Sci. Stud. Ass. for 1888 (publ. March ) & FREDERICK WricuT. pnergeace ia Ragland [rejected . endorses the theory me the masses — shells oon Macclesfield, _ a local recession of he ice-front i in the so-called interglacial period]. Amer, Journ. Sci., Jan. (3). coy xliii. pp. I : : G, FREDERICK WRIGHT. _ Northern Coantion, | and ial Period {for jection dealing specially with the British Isles see entry under Kendall ; there are many other references to the British Glacial phenomena, and the evidence of the Cresswell and Victoria dela is ae man}. ee maps > ———— NOTE—BOTANY. Convallaria majalis in Cumberland : ection bay AE Oe ee ‘Plants of S.W. Cumberland,’ at p. 141 of this plains ies read ‘at Stanley Gill’ instead of ‘at Stock Gill. )_LISTER PETTY, Ulverston, May 19th, 1893. NM OTE—M ie US CA. th: inst., while bilberries and cranberries. —W. DENISON ROEBUCK, Leeds, Aug. 26th, 1893. . NV sebuah ial OLOGY. meena killed by the frost.— the eather between Dec. roth, 1892, and Jan. 1oth 8954 the only bi birds found ‘killed ie the frost in the groun nds here were two Red s (Turdus us L.) apparently th es. One ae dead o: nite 6th “e ec the nies mgt ying ; I failed a resuscitate it, and it n the evening of the same day. I know what V says about their susceptibility to cold (Selborne Letter, Aug. Ist, panak ~~ even eg it iat arnie Late in December a couple of these birds were seen ough ravens abot us, whether a pair or the same two of cou ree ts cannot poet ares Petry, Ulverston, N. Lancs., May roth, 1893. Aaa Meo aicaacegaes ter Shrew at Louth, L pp hel fodiens), i in Monks aie Eos a. On the Fos a It ipa as if to ured a Water Shrew the manner born, and not after the mode of the Common hrew. was of opinion that it was wa. roiig es men call the ‘blind mouse,’ and the specimen on being submitted to competent authority was pronounced to be the Water Sheers — ered fens Lincolnshire ; burrows in the banks near water; = called by the fen men | blind mouse. A. R. Yeomax, Louth, 24th July, 1893. NOTE—COLEOPTERA. ao i at L Hull, and Newton-le-Willows.—I have this ccaomtil of ae ae beetle. found in nedlgetinie Send Me, SEL take, The cp pregeens t to r. ri. Mi " secon saw instrumentali fm friend Mr. Wm. Howard, of MCCorquodale & Co. eg : gags s wha we poling on Legere oie ote on the 9th August, by bricksetters, rho were point inting an old wall, in the wagon- nro petlg Paw Ry. Co. at Earlestown, Lancashire. ri ter 281 GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Nottingham Meeting, 1893. | [Woodcut, arms] | A Contribution | to the | Geology and Natural History | of Nottinghamshire. | Edited by | J. W. Carr, M.A., F.G.S., | [three lines of titles]. | — | ng Two Shillings Net. | — | a | James Bell, Carlton Street. | 189 In this opportunely published book, which is or in paper boards and extends to about a hundred pages, we have an excellent summary, with lists, of the geology and natural history of Nottingham- shire, and no more useful handbook could have been prepared for such members of the Association as are sufficiently curious as to | wish to learn what they can of the county which they are visiting. In the preparation of this book Mr. Carr has been ably assisted by other workers. He is himself responsible for the geological chapter, with the assistance of Mr. James Shipman, F.G.S., and the Rev. J. Magens Mello, M.A., F.G.S., the latter of whom supplies the account of the Cresswell Bone-Caves and the remains they have yielded. Mr. Carr is also the writer of such faunal lists as he has not placed in the hands of specialists. His list of mammalia includes about 30 species, of one of which (Rhinolophus ferrum- equinum) we confess we should like to have confirmatory evidence. Full particulars are given of the various species of mammals, as well as of the reptiles, amphibians and fishes. Mr. F. B. Whitlock has furnished the admirable list of birds, for each of which its faunistic position and relative commonness or rarity are stated. In ento- mology the only order treated of is Lepidoptera, of which the species are enumerated, with a few references and items of informa- tion. The list of mollusca is from the pen of Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, who gives tog species and numerous varieties, with plentiful indica- tions of locality, the group having been well worked by the many excellent eeaiaeeia on which Nottingham | has been able to pride (Seale Aa are ethnic 5 f Rev. Hilderic _ tO hie Friend, F.LS. The flora is not treated i in extenso, as could have 2 been wished, but is the subject of a ‘Mr. H. Fisher, who _ gives numerous notes on the most interesting species, the additions | to previously published lists, a long list of aliens, and enumerations ok the mosses, hepatics, lichens, and fungi known to occur. A useful appendix by Mr. Shipman and Mr. Carr gives a aia ey of the principal works and papers on the geology Altogether the work i is well done, well printed, aft nae to be of. great ies . F a ‘ion, but also to all future investigators, and Mr. Carr is PASE ‘tobe Heatly congratulated upon the excellence of his work —W-D.R. oe NOTES AND NE haa r. Lister Sy et erston, Lancashire, would be obliged to those who have orth L the a = hye or still better a copy of the papers. y people have botanised n the baled the Brathay, a the Datdon, that Thats such lists are in Guiciie, and are very difficult to trace. References to newspaper articles not desired. — >o<— Death has been busy this year se sin the idauastieg of our northern counties, and the obituary list is a long on Cheshire has also to mourn the loss of Mr. G. W. Shrubsole, of pire one of the founders and most valued members of the Chester Society of National te and a good worker among the mollusca and some lower forms of animal e. >co< Many will learn with regret of the death, in his 8oth year, of the Rev. H. H. ba age MA., of Liverpool. Mr. Higgins day the author of numerous books and © in atural Heangts He founded, 1860, the Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club, & b, and has also been President of the Miewacopicat and the Literary and Philosophical Societies of the same city. We record, with regret, the death of a eo known . Yorkshire naturals and geologist, Mr. ‘George Robert Vine, of Sheffi Almost entirely self-educated, M hi a ith the mi a sr ey of ‘The Naturalist’ will remember his series of articles some years agO on ieguming csargmr mac of the Northern Colanieds Shales,’ and other © in volum papers oe Be the decease of the Mayor of Halifax Oa. . James Win. Davis, F: Sy Be F.L.S., etc.), hf rlgas Brisgie a geologist who has done no small share of scientific work in spite of the claims upon his sear by soeoinerclal and aunicipad Piste which appeared in 1878 from the pens of himself and Mr. F. Arnold Lees. loss will be particularly = Ba — Yorkshie — and Polytechnic Society, to which he became Hon tary at a time of depression in the Society's : : Wem to deplore the death of Me. Robert ‘Robert Holland, of Frodsham, Chesite : which took last June. Iting botanist and examiner 0 rth Chee ult Society. He was a See tae ist, and an Lk: ie _He will ever be remembered for the * Dictionary of Ene Plant Names,’ writt in conjunction ay with Mr. James ames: }, and for int 283 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT ASKERN. A DEPARTURE was made from the usual custom whereby the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union makes it a rule not to visit the same locality twice for an excursion, when Askern was selected for the to3rd of the series, on Thursday, the 15th of June. There was, however, a sufficient reason in the fact that in 1886 all the low-lying country about Askern was flooded for many miles to such an extent as to entirely prevent the work in micro-zoology and micro-botany which it had been confidently expected to be done. In this respect there could not have been a more complete contrast, for on the 15th of June this year the country had suffered so long from drought that many ponds and water-courses were dried up, so that while on the former occasion access could not be had to them by reason of the super-abundance of water, on this access was difficult by reason of the stretches of soft mud which surrounded the ponds. The arrangements for investigating the district included three main lines of route, and in making them the Secretaries had been heartily supported by the members of the neighbouring societies of Doncaster, Barnsley, and Ackworth School. The Doncaster members were well to the front in providing leaders for the parties, while the Barnsley Society made special driving arrangements for joining in the day’s work, It was, moreover, particularly gratifying to have so strong a muster of the juvenile naturalists of Ackworth Friends’ School as made their appearance in charge of two of their masters, Mr. Neale and Mr. C. J. Evans. Permission had been granted for their estates to be visited by Messrs. F. Bacon Frank, of Campsall ; G. B. C. Yarborough, of Camps Mount ; Percy S. Neville, of Shel- brook Park; and G. Charlesworth, of Skellow Grange ; Mr. Frank © showing further interest by meeting the party which visited peal, and facilitating their researches in every possible way. oe Il pa urted from Askern Station at 10.30 a.m. A strong — contingent, led by. the Rey. F. H.: Allen, Vicar of the neighbouring _ parish of Moss, and afterwards joined by Mr. M. H. Stiles, of Doncaster, proceeded direct to the prolific. brick-pond at Thorpe, ee from which they returned by way of the Shirley pool and jungle, — the Haywood and Wrang Car drains, and Askern Pool, collecting as they returned. The second party was to have been under the guidance of ‘Messrs. Jj. M. Kirk and George Winter, both of . a Doncaster, but these gentlemen having been detained, the party moved off in charge of Mr. Claude Leatham, Mr. Kirk catching ee a =: with it Tater. on. Its. os) were e directed. to ihe, trip ae ef 284 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. gave valuable help. The members of this party then took up the line appointed for a third one, and investigated the woods at Burghwallis and Owston, returning thence to Askern. What d : ine to most of the members, and had had considerable adverse effect on the collecting-grounds, the whole country being very dry All parties converged on the Swan Hotel at Askern, where tea was partaken of. The sectional meetings were, however, first held, tea not being ready at the time appointed, in consequence of a misunderstanding as to the hour. However, the general meeting was held at the time appointed, the bowling-green affording a suitable place on so fine a day. The chair was occupied by the Rev. William Fowler, M.A., Vicar of Liversedge, an ex-president, Mr. Leonard aslangeab acting as hon. secretary, in the unavoid- able absence of Mr. Baker. The Societies represented were those at Barnsley, ruler Elland, Bradford (Nat. Soc.), Leeds (four _ societies), Goole, Dewsbury, Halifax, Doncaster, Ackworth, Hull (two societies), Huddersfield, Scarborough, Sheffield, and Liversedge, and the total individual attendance was about 60 or 7o. Three new members of the Union were elected, viz., Miss L. W. Stephenson, of Harrogate; Mr. John Newton Coombe, of Sheffield; and — : fe Mr. Claude Leatham, of Wentbridge. On the motion of Mr. James Bedford (Leeds) the best thanks of the Union were voted to the © - gentlemen who had given leave for their estates to be visited, to the leaders of parties, and to the contributors to the excursion- programme, after which the sectional reports were called for. For the Conchological Section the report was prepared by its ies, Messrs. Wm. Nelson (Leeds) and F. W. Fierke (Hull), Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, BLS, gave a brief résumé of ee observations made. — o Ide Fierke’s report | is as follows : She excursion, so” far as was held. In_ 1887 the country a: flooded ; one a yeat — ae drought had nearly dried everything up, and the district, in common with other parts of the country, made a poor hunting ground for conchologists for either land or freshwater mollusca, -althoug regards ‘the latter, the dykes « Lespeien! some of THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 285: sheets of water. At Shirley Pool in particular the edge of the water was in many places out of reach of collectors, an expanse of soft mud intervening between it and terra firma. n the whole it was perfectly evident there was not much to choose between the 1887 and 1893 excursions. On the present occasion the Section was fairly well represented, as, in addition to its two hon. secretaries, the party included Mr. W. Denison Roebuck,. F.L.S., Mr. W. Rushforth, and Mr. J. E. Crowther. Mr. Roebuck selected the route to Campsall Woods, and the others proceeded along Askern Pool to Shirley Pool and Jungle, under the guidance of Mr. W. Nelson, who had previous knowledge of the district. The dyke running off Askern Pool had been specially noticed for its albino varieties, but even with the aid of Mr. Nelson, who has collected them in byegone years, not the slightest indication. was seen to be exhibited in any of the specimens of Zimn@a feregra or Limnea palustris, which were all very eagerly examined in hope- ful anticipation of meeting with this interesting variety. At the end of the path we turned into the field which had been mentioned as containing some important lacustrine remains and an examina- tion of the mole-heaps, which are very numerous, resulted in the discovery of Viviparus contectus, a species supposed to have become: extinct in the district. A few moments’ attention was enough to convince the party that Viviparus had once been very common and that by its numbers and surroundings it might still survive in the neighbourhood. Of this, however, we were not able to satisfy our- selves. The drain fronting the field had been cleaned out and its Tejectamenta did not reveal the remains of this species, although many common species were well represented. It is true an old shell was taken out of the drain, but it did not seem to be proof that it had not been dropped into the water, as on the ground only a few ards off numerous loose specimens were deposited. There can be: \ little doubt: that ‘excessive cleaning of the drains and dykes is - : inimical to the well-being and propagation of the species, and that as districts in which it is known to occur become more and more cultivated the less likelihood will there be of its continuing a member Ss of their fauna. As we were not satisfied that the shell had been oo ‘a ed from the drain we proceeded to carefully examine the soil cee the field. These operations soon gave us ample evidence of the — existence at one time of an extensive marsh or lake, in which a good — a variety of mollusca had lived. In fact several good sections were ca . procured with shells scattered through the peaty clayand marl in : _ cliffs cliffs of the cereemiowan coast. One or two sections were exc situ corresponding exactly to the lacustrine deposits exposed a bl a S P. umbilicatus, P. corneus, P. contortus, Physa font. snails, Limnea 286 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. marly in character, and contained numerous opercula of Aythinia tentaculata. Moles were doubtless responsible for the exposure of the shells on the surface, as the soil was thrown up during the carry- ing on of their subterannean operations. In order to prove that these little mounds were not the only depositories of the shells we excavated away from them about a foot deep and again met with shell remains. This seemed conclusive evidence of the lacustrine character of the district and that the shells to be found on the ce had been really conveyed through the agency of the moles from these deposits. Planorbis vortex, P. umbilicatus, P. corneus, P. contortus, Limnea peregra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, Bythinia tentaculata and Valvata cristata are species of mollusca still common all over the district, whilst Vivzparus,as far as we know, is not known at present to occur anywhere in the district. At the same time it would not be wise to be dogmatic on this point, as from the fact that — the remains of the shell are so common there is a high degree of probability that it may have survived in some of the dykes. In addition to the shells we have named, a specimen of Planorbis fontanus (Lightfoot) was obtained, which Mr. Nelson informed the party had not been to his knowledge previously recorded from the deposit. im The remainder of the time was spent at Shirley Pool and the Jungle. Very little was seen of the terrestrial mollusca, whilst odd examples of aquatic species could be seen in the jungle some _ distance from the water, apparently where they had been left asthe = banks became dried up. Such species as Zimnea palustris were even taken in the middle of the jungle, which evidently, in rainy — seasons, must become entirely inundated. A very interesting — round the body whorl. The following is a complete list of the - molhisca, noted ae the day :—Arion ater var. —— (W.D. R.), : Hi. nitiduda. It wittiin Fie PS a iW of aspersa, oo: nemoralis, A. cantiana, H. hispida, Cochlicopa lubrica, Succinea putris, , Carychium minimum, Planorbi: norbis fontanus, cheese nautileus ay (pond. near Burghwallis, W. D. R.), P. vortex, P. carinatus, —— peregra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, Velletia lacustris (Shirley Pool), _ Bythinia tentaculata, B. leachit, Valvata piscinalis, V. cris eas if = ceed corneum, Pisidium Sontinale, and P. pusillum . r the Entomologi cal Section, in the absence of all. sin cbcotin - iven: as ‘Mr. H. HL earn MRCS, of I Doncaster, oe, of Hull. : THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 287 Mr. Corbett writes that the Lepidoptera taken were without interest, Lycena alexis, Anthocharis cardamines, and Euclidia mi being the most noteworthy species recorded. Mr. Joseph Coe writes of the Coleoptera as follows :—On alighting from the train at Askern station we were met with a good omen for a successful day, by immediately coming across Carabus violaceus on the station platform, and notwithstanding the fact that June is one of the least exciting months of the year for the coleopterist, and also taking into consideration the very dry season, the fortune met with was fairly good. Many of the beetles in the appended list, however, were single specimens and there were few examples of abundance. The route taken was the one from Askern Pool to Shirley Pool and Jungle. Askern Pool appeared to be destitute of entomological life and did not occupy much time, but the drain leading from it yielded well. Here the gaudily marked goad 8 beetle, Prasocuris phellandrii was found to be in great n upon the leaves of the brookli ime (Veronica beccabunga) ; " Tybius ater, Platambus maculatus, and Deronectes assimilis were also among the captures. Overturning stones and logs of wood en route,—usually a fruitful method of search,—was of little avail, the very beautiful although very common Anchomenus dorsalis and Pterostichus niger being the encouraging, several species of Zelephorus, or ‘harvest bugs’ as they are sometimes popularly called, three species of Apion and the twenty-two spotted lady-bird, Coccinella 22-punctata, being among taken. Se The search for stercoraceous species in the pastures about Shirley was, for want of time, much shorter than we should have wished, as _ the ground gave promise of being productive ; Aphodii were turned _ up in fair variety and cont gam peeuibens’ was = from a depth of quite twelve inches. d . 1e first itu rriving at Shi eos wis ae . : Carnes of that moisureoving beetle, Zinpiras — on ie — aspect of wae td Work was only possible at the ie _ ‘landslip’ end, owing to the treacherous nature of the ground at the borders in other parts; Agadus nebulosus with its beautifully _ polished tortoiseshell ssl es Se of the earlier captures mai __ Very similar and cl ~~ came to view shortly = 288 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT ASKERN. Investigations in the Jungle were somewhat disappointing, but Scaphidium quadrimaculatum came as a_ reward just before leaving. The following list includes the species noted by Mr. Bayford, who did not reach Askern till late in the day, and also those by the coleopterists among the Ackworth School boys., o Carabus violaceus L. Benbidium litorale Helophorus brevipalpis Bed. Aphodius ater DeG. Aphodius rufescens -ens F. Aphodius contaminatus Herbst. — THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 289 For the Botanical Section reports were given by Mr. A. H. Pawson (Leeds), Secretary for Phanerogamic Botany, and by Mr. Charles Crossland (Halifax), Secretary for Mycolo Mr. Pawson remarked that the botanists of the party at once turned their eyes to the pools and the marshes, for in this low-lying land these were to them the region of promise. They meant no disrespect to the dry land in this case. Magnesian limestone is a soil of which the plant-lover never thinks without rapture, but here there are no exposures of it in cliffs and crags such as delight his eyes about Thorparch and Knaresborough. The natural rock is almost entirely hidden by drift and alluvium which have left a flat surface, admirably adapted for agriculture, and so thoroughly is it utilised for that purpose that the territories of the wild children of the plain have been sadly abridged. The hedge-banks and an occasional bit of tangle alone remain to them. Their cousins of the marshes, however, are happier in having contented themselves with land of no economié value, and they are left to possess it in peace. Nay, the operations of the agriculturist have been even favourable to these water-plants. He must perforce leave to them their marshes, and, in draining his other lands, he has provided them with numerous ditches of varying depths (which by a periodical cleansing — ti _ the great Reeds, the Bulrushes, and the giant Sedges which lord it over the marsh. S It was by fields aid bye-paths that members made their way to | 2 ‘Shirley Pool and its adjacent marshy jungle, noting on the way _ Pelee vulgaris in fine flower and Riamnus catharticus and the — . h ie — was too early for the - fall ern of the Bulrushes and the great a mgt a Dat the fon oe mete tn tne were big and the rare — less frequent 2. Srangula, trees usually of different levels, growing : side by side. The great dryness of the season gave an unusually = | et aies es of — = marshes. Overtopped by the tall = Pec able to penetrate e into the domain a Sag Rec 290 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. the Marsh Buckler Fern everywhere drapes the feet of the green Flags and tasselled Sedges with the delicate lace-work of its fronds. It was a ramble to be long remembered. The more noteworthy plants of the day’s work were Ranunculus lingua, R. tricophyllus, R. circinatus, Thalictrum flavum, Picris echioides, Hottonia palustris, Genista tinctoria, Parnassia rag Rhamnus frangula, R. cath- articus, Habenaria chlorantha, Cladium mariscus, Calamagrosts penne Hippuris vulgaris, and Lastrea thelypteris. 1 village Ginanthe lachenalii was found of so rich a growth that it was at first taken for . pimpinelloides. The only cryptogams reported upon were the Fungi, concerning — which Mr. Charles Crossland remarked that on account of the dry weather fungi were rather scarce, very few—not more than two— agarics being seen, viz., Pluteus cervinus and Stropharia semiglobatus, which, with /Poria versicolor, Dedalea unicolor, and Stereum hirsutum included all the Hymenomycetes met with. Of the Gastromycetes, cp lmereae stellatus was noted, while Lycoperdon 3 » epidendron and Reticularia umbrina were the only Myxomycetes. The majority of the species collected were microscopic. Many of them could not be named at sight, but had to be stored away for — a future and closer examination. Though the day was very hot, with a tropical sun at full glare, Mr. H. T. Soppitt was indefatigable in 2 his search after these minute species, and with a view of making. . : - most of the day he and the writer started early and broke the journey at Knottingley. Here was found very sparingly the oe zecidiospores of Uromyces Auge Pers. on Polygonum aviculare; Perisportum vulgare Corda on dead cabbage-stalks ; Peronospora affints Rossm. on Fumaria oficinals; ; and Cladosporium brachomium a ious and fields adjoining Shirley Pool. The jungle will be a prolific hunting-ground for fungi later in the season. e#icularia _ Lycoperdon Rost. was noticed. Of course the very common Mollist cinerea (Batsch) was there; also M. atro-cinerea Cooke, Lachnea _ seutellata (L.), Lachnella apala B. & Bry. Nectria’ mammoides - . ‘Plowright, Spherella rumicis Desm., Peronospora effusa Rabenh. o Atriplex patula, Polyactis Sascicularis Corda, gi aE crustaceum Fr. var. coremium on rabbit’s dung, and Zgerifa candias On wood. Species found. belonging to the Uredineze were Uromyces poe Rabh Puccinia coronata Corda, xcidiospores on Riamnus, P. poarum o : is ome zcidiospores_ on ee ar telent : hae | cect n THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 291 ecidiospores on TZhalictrum flavum. The latter is rather a rare Puccinia, and was first found in Yorkshire at Goole, by Mr. Birks, in June 1884. Since the meeting, Mr. Bunker, of Goole, has kindly forwarded additional specimens from that district, where it appears to be plentiful. There was very little of it at Shirley Pool Jungle, only one plant affected by it being seen. P. suaveolens Pers. on Carduus arvensis, Puccinia bullata Pers. on Conium maculatum, and Tri- Phragmium ulmarie (Schum.) on Spirea ulmaria were also met with. Ustilago segetum (Bull.) on barley was the only representative of the Ustilaginee. For obvious reasons it was not possible to give a list at the meeting. For the Geological Section the report at the meeting was given by Mr. Percy F. Kendall, F.G.S., and the following account is from the pen of Mr. J. W. Stather, F.G.S., of Hull, one of the Secretaries of the Section : The geologists first visited the large gravel-pit to the S.W. of the village, where the so-called Estuarine Beds are seen. This series of s had been altered a good deal by the progress of recent excavation, and consists now of (1) a bed of soft sandstone with lines of marly inclusions, the whole dipping steadily to the eastward. This bed was traversed by several faults which did not, however, affect the overlying beds. (2) A great thickness of coarse gravel with __ intercalations of sand. The stones in the gravel were gee Magnesian Limestone, rounded, sub-angular, or quite sharp, and ranged in size from small pebbles to blocks three feet in diameter. be bed rested upon an eroded, stepped surface of No. 1. No false-bedding was observed in the gravels or in the underlying sand- Stone. Prof. P. F, Kendall, who accompanied the party, expressed 2 istance from the ae Summer more esp cially the melting of snow in the spring, would give rise to great rushes of water down the valleys, sweeping __ before them all the fragments of rock lying loose upon the surface. _ Along the eastern edge of the Magnesian Limestone, where it falls away beneath the Alluvial deposits of the Don valley, such streams — would probably drop their loads h t suddenly when they met _ the large body of relatively still water that seems to have occupied | the area during Glacial times. Such an explanation, Mr. Kendall had the opinion that the sandstone was probably of: Permian age, and a Gade such circumstances. ‘the a been offered of LK origin of the Coombe-rock of Suter, of = : tk of E . Geolo; ical Surs ee 292 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT ASKERN. The party next proceeded via Sutton, seeing on the way an example of false-bedding in the Upper Magnesian Limestone, to ampsall, where a gravel and sand pit was visited showing features similar to those exhibited at Askern. The gravels differed, however, in containing, besides Magnesian Limestone, pebbles of quartz and of a coarse red sandstone. The sandstone underlying this series was found to contain similar quartz pebbles, and in an adjacent builders’ yard the sandstone was hard and desea in appearance Ask with that of the gravels. The party returned to ern via a limestone quarry to the north of the village, where obscure traces of fossils were found. or obvious reasons no report on the microscopic forms of life _ could be given at the meeting, but afterwards the finds made by the microscopists were worked up, and Mr. M. H. Stiles has furnished the following report on behalf of the investigators of pond-and ditch- life, as made out by Mr. J. Newton Coombe and himself. The more potiesable finds were Meridion at Wrancar drain, Docidium in the railway pond on the Doncaster ger and Volvox and Stephanoceros at Thorpe brick-pond. On the Campsall side Mr. Kirk found ~ rpe nothing worth recording. Volvox Lanne (Thorpe). Gomphonema acuminatum. - gratifying to see Goldfinches in the district. THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 293 Rotifer vulgaris. Hydra vulgaris. Stephanoceros eichornii (Thorpe). Canthocamptus minutus. Monostyla quadridentata. Cyclops quadricornis. : iridi Daphnia pulex. The Vertebrate Section was fairly well represented. Among the members present being the President, Mr. J. Gerrard, one of the Hon. Secs., Mr. R. Fortune, by whom this report is presented, Mr. T. Bunker, and others. The party was considerably strengthened by a noah of boys from Ackworth School. to some unfortunate circumstance the guides allotted to this section were conspicuous only by their absence, the result being that the party, without a leader, wandered over the country side, _ getting to every place but the one they endeavoured to reach ; the natives evidently not knowing the places mentioned in the circular. In spite of the misfortunes which dogged the “ag of the members all day, a fairly good list was forthcoming at the he find of the day was a nest and eggs of the Reed Warbler, pee by one of the members of the entomological section. It wasa The total number of _ Species noted was 59, made up as follows: Mammals, 7; Birds, 46; _ Fishes, 4; Reptile, 1; Amphibian, 1. Following is a detailed list, an asterisk — that eggs, and a dagger that young birds were found. Cole Tit.t Jackdaw. Mole. Marsh Tit. ok. Common Shrew. Blue Tit. Swift. Squirrel. Wren. koo, Common Field Vole. Pied Wagiail. Mute Swan. * Red Field Vole. Tree Pipit. Ring Dove. Hare. Spotted Flycatcher. Stock Dove. Rabbit. Swallow. + Pheasant. + nue Martin. ertexige. 7 |. ie Birds. Sand Martin.* _ Waterhen. t _ Thrush. Creeper. Lapwing. So Blackbird, Goldfinch. Spe. itethroat.+ Sparrow. “Roast er Garden Warbler. Lit : Pike. ee Willow Warbler. eS ee ee Wood Warbler. Com inting. 4 epee, — Warbler.* - Yellow-hammer. + Smooth Newt. sedge Warbler. Reed Bun ae Hedge Sparrow. Skylark. Pel ope cee Great Tit. _ Starling.-+ F | a rog. _ At the close of the meeting a cordial vote of shacks to the an was passed, on the motion of Mr. = W. eons 8 “ atu near peer: —W.D.R. | BRITISH JURASSIC GASTEROPODS. A Catalogue of the British —— Gasteropoda, comprising the Genera and Species hitherto described, with Sse to their nd ist goa cal Distribu- tion ons = the Localities in which they have been W. -B. i paves > M.A, F.R-S., P.6.8., and Edward Wilson, F.G.S. 8vo, +147; London, 1892. tie scope of this work is sufficiently described by the full title quoted, with the further remark that the catalogue is a critical one and compiled by two of the foremost living authorities. Mr. Hudleston, an ex-President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, is already well known to our readers. Some of his best known work has been done among the Oolites of Yorkshire and other parts of England, and his monograph on the Gasteropoda in course of publication by the Palzontographical Society is sufficient to establish his lasting - authority on this branch of Paleontology. His coadjutor, Mr. Wilson, has long been known for his work among the Liassic mollusca. The work now under notice includes in all a thousand species, besides fifteen from the Rheetic, given in an appendix. The rapid progress of British paleontology may be gauged by comparing this book with Morris’s ‘Catalogue of British Fossils’ (1854), dealing with the whole fossil fauna of our islands. The work of recording and critically valuing the many species constituted in modern memoirs has become a task not for one man, however able, but for specialists ee in the several groups, and the present instalment is a worthy contri- bution to the work. oe The practical value of such a _ catalogue to the working geologist depends upon its completeness, and here there seems to be nothing left to desire. The Yorkshire collector, for example, will find here every species as yet recorded from the Lias of the coast, from the : well-known fossiliferous beds of Blea Wyke, Cloughton Wyke, and ‘Scarborough, the various horizons ‘in the Corallian, etc., with ce origi Asi the authors for the unsparing labour which ~~ hee bestowed = oS render it ection ey a NOTE—DIPTERA. ae of a fy io Dinters at A th.—Mr. Roebuck collected os Park West re on pe 22nd last, which I erimgperdta® oe Rhingia rostrata “7 W is not an uncommon s species, , being easily recognise¢ — nds c id send me any rai Ly y happen to come across . are oy Yonah ey they a aabegh, Yaue 26th, 295 A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S., Author of ‘Flowers and Flower-Lore, Cockermouth, On the roth June, last year, I received a series of earthworms from characters appeared to me to be striking. It was collected in Dublin, and I was puzzled at the time to decide whether it was simply an abnormal form of the common earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L..), or whether it belonged to a distinct species. I there- fore made a note of its peculiarities, and awaited an opportunity for coming to a decision on sufficient evidence. In due course the much wished for data were at hand, for on November 16th I received from Mr. Redding, L.R.C. S., a second specimen, taken at Glasnevin, exactly corresponding in every detail to the one already observed. Careful and repeated examination of these specimens, both internally and externally, and detailed comparison with the type of the genus, have enabled me to decide that we have here an earthworm which is hew to Great Britain, and, at the same time, new to science as well. may, in the first place, give a plain account of the worm in English, following it with a brief diagnosis, corresponding with ae Supplied of the Ruddy beacon (Lumbricus rubescens Friend), as described by me last year in a communication to the Linnean Society onrtiat: ie Linn. ae Zoology, Vol. xxiv, p. 305). _ _ The adult worm is 4 inches or ro cm. in length when well — preserved in alcohol. It is 8 mm. across the girdle and sexual Organs, while the tail is spathulate or flattened so as to measure nearly a centimetre in diameter. In colour it is ruddy brown, but lighter — . : than the common earthworm usually is, though in size and other | particulars it closely resembles that species (Z. terrestris L.), which We may regard as the type of the genus. The lip or prostomium : forms with the peristomium or first ring, a perfect mortise and tenon, __ while the under side of the lip is marked by a forked groove. This is undoubtedly of service to those species which possess it, as it enables the worm to grasp its food more firmly than it could other- wise do. The under surface of the peristomium is deeply ribbed or - indented. On the fifteenth segment we find a pair of prominent aa papillze on which the male pores are situated. In front of these owing reine igh eee oe pnb hea: en c . 2 296 FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. while running backwards, ~ closely connecting the male pores we find band or ri which is often seen very Nistnce in the Red Worm (ZL. rudedlus Hoffm.). The girdle occupies five segments only (33-37). Every species of Zumébricus previously found in Great Britain possessed six girdle segments, but we find an analogous instance on the continent where one species (Z. me/ibeus Rosa) is described as having a girdle of five segments. Along these segments there runs on either side a prominent band (¢ubercula pudertatis), which appears to cover and connect the whole girdle. In reality, however, the band occupies ee 34-37- The most remarkable feature about the Dobie if. the large clitellar papillz on the 34th and 36th have no other species of Lumbricus which regularly sian these organs. In the allied genus Allolobophora they are frequent. I once observed them in a specimen of the Red Worm (Z. rube/lus Hoffm.) received from Dublin, but no other example has hitherto come under my notice. The position of the band (¢udercula pubertatis) is of extreme — interest, as we are able, by the discovery of this species, to fill — a curious gap. Dr. Rosa, some years ago, drew up a chart in which he displays the arrangement to the clitellar band in the different species of Lumbricus. We are now able to modify and i improve | Me ae tab L. rubellus Hoffm. ear /28 | 29 30 | 31 | L. purpureus Eisen... ... “ 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 ZL, WeebeS BIME Oa | 30 31 32 | 33 L. tyrtacus Savigny? a ages 3 | 32 33 34. L. forma No. 5, Rosa® eens tee tee oe 32 | 33. Sahl L. terrestris Lim. ... . = ae es) oe | 33. 34 | 35 | 36| ae L, papillosus Friend... ... 8 oe 2 ee 4 35 36 er a i. rubescens Friend? a ee = fone on — te | | 35 36| 37| | A similar chart wield te pre pared to pokbie us to see at a glance the position of the first dorsal pore. I give the Irish forms. beset 2 in order that it wey. be : ee a our knowledge sali fies Ton se ithe met Ale ofa Rom. i a _ ® A form described by R ‘I Lumb. del P ae. si FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 207 L. rubescens Fr.... - | 5 | 6 L. purpureus Eisen: 0 0. ee ose | 6 7 | dy rebeligg Holi ae iz 8 L. terrestris Leim. 8 | 9 fy Papiilocws Friend bos 6s: oes tac ge ahs a How far this character is constant remains yet to be demon- strated, though Ude has made elaborate investigations which seem to indicate that its value is not to be despised in diagnosis. It will be seen, if the foregoing chart is reliable, that there is at present no _ apparent relationship between the position of the first dorsal pore and the first clitellar papilla. The sete are in four couples on each segment, and are slightly wider apart than in the other species. On account of the presence clitellar papilla in this species and no other, I have named it L. papillosus, a designation which I think well calculated to express the principal feature. Rosa has recently pointed out the fact that _ Miller has already adopted the term fafil/osus for another species _ Of annelid. Following the diagnosis of the Ruddy Worm (Z. rudescens Fr.), and that of the other species found in Eisen’s memoir, I now give __ a brief description of the new species. : pembeieus papilosus, = ‘nov. oe ae Corpus el , postice spatulatum. Lobus cephalicus pat prostomium) magnus, antice rotundatus, postice segmentum buccale (id est peristomium) in duas partes i dividens ; infra pallidus, sulco longitudinali furcato. - Tubercula ventralia plerumque conspicua in segmento 1 5 = Parallelis tuberculis in segm. 34, 35, 36, 37, cum duabus : egmenta 34et 36. Sete i ubique bine. approximate. as : | Segmenta. circa 130. | So oe _ Longitudine circa 10 cm., max. fea 8-10 mm. : _ Prima foramen dorsi inter segmenta 8- _ Internally the Papillose Worm hes the a “ae ail : arrangement of essential organs—the gizzard in segments 17-18, two — __ Pairs of spermathece in 9 and 10, and three pass of spore ees At the present moment i in Great Britain are five in number. A briefaccountof the poise a . | 2s £ necen, I submit herewith. I have carefully —— oe 298 FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. each, which have been received from different parts of the kingdom, and find that they are typical in character, and widely distributed. The Common Earthworm (Z. ¢errestris Linn.), though formerly very vaguely defined, and constantly confused with a number of other species, especially the Long Worm (4. /onga Ude), is now easily recognised by the constancy of its girdle and band. It is the largest of our native terrestrial annelids, often reaching a length of six or eight inches, when living undisturbed in rich vegetable mould. It is of a warm brown colour, usually iridescent on the back and flesh- coloured beneath. On the fifteenth segment it carries pale coloured papillz, on which are situated the male pores. These papille are a good starting-point when the segments have to be counted back- wards to ascertain the position of the girdle. I have examined — many hundreds of specimens at all seasons of the year, and have, without a single exception, found the girdle in the mature worm covering the 32nd to the 37th segments, the four innermost of which have the tubercula pubertatis on the ventral surface. The sete are arranged on the under-side of the body in four double rows, whereas in the tree-worms they form eight single rows nearly equi-distant all over the body. When irritated, the worm exudes a clear, colourless se but we never find a liquid substance poured from the dorsal pores. In the case of the Tree Worm, and several species of Allolobophora, this is the case, while a few instances occur in which a smell of garlic, or some other vegetable, is emitted. os _ The Ruddy Worm (Z. rubescens Friend) is identical in point of — size and colour with the new species described above. It was first discovered by me in Yorkshire a couple of years ago, and described in detail in the Linnean Society’ s Journal, ett vol. xxiv, p. 305 et seq. The Irish specimens which I have examined in no way ie _ differ from the type, which is about four iach in length, and has an average number of 120 segments. It has probably been mis- taken by earlier investigators for one or other of the worms which = it closely resembles, though Savigny may have intended this species when he wrote his brief account of Z. festious. The curious point — about the matter is that no one on the Continent has ever found a worm answering to the description of Savigny, though he wrote — e more than half a century ago. In the Ruddy Worm we have co ones mee again conspicuously situated on — while in thetwo ether The girdle extends ae 5 from the - 34th to the goth segment, pe as usual, the band stretches _ - a —— the four i innermost. ‘The discovery of the new worm bridges ~ the: Common Earthworm: and the ~ : FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 299 and 34. This fact is suggestive. I have observed spermatophores on the ventral surface of the body of this worm, between the male pores and the clitellum; but, hitherto, I have failed to discover them on any other species of Zumbricus. They are minute sacs of a delicate structure, balloon-shaped, and filled with germ The Red Worm (Z. rudelius Hoffm.) differs from al the fore- going in the forward position of its girdle, and the absence of papillz: on the 15th segment. It is therefore impossible, as a rule, to know where the male pores are situated in this species and the next without counting the segments carefully from the head back- wards. When the worm is adul It, however, a band is often to be seen running along each side of the body from the girdle forwards to the 15th or 14th segment, similar to that found in the Papillose Worm. The girdle commences on the 27th segment and reaches to the 32nd, the 28th to 31st carrying the /ubercula pubertatis. This worm appears to be liable to variation, but what the cause may be is not yet known. I have shown in a paper on Hybridity among Worms that the Red Worm may sometimes be found in association with other species. Among the variations which have come under my notice the following are the most important. One specimen received from Dublin had two pairs of papille under the girdle exactly after the manner of the Papillose Worm. What Eisen remarked of the species as found in Scandinavia I have found to be true here, viz., that the girdle sometimes begins and ends one segment in ndvince of the normal position. Then in certain localities the hinder extremity is found to be curtailed, while one Specimen received from Bangor recently had the girdle exactly in _ the position which it occupies in the Continental species (Z. melibeeus). In the latter, however, there are papilla on segment 15, which a _ fot occur on this abnormal specimen, or we Tight at once have _ added another species to our aad ie a ca a The Purple Worm vs 43 rp oe. sen) is | . ee ndig Species. When in its finest form one can scarcely distinguish i - among droppings in pastures, and are ey" ay a ony ridge on the ventral surface of the roth segment. The male pores cannot be _ detected owing to the absence of papille. There is good reason to believe that this is the species which Savigny named Zxterion “ castaneum in 1829, but the early naturalists had not a sufficient - oe of the most important characters to make their diagnoses _ Of permanent value. The main oe - be = — in oe form of | a chart. oe a 300 NOTES AND NEWS. A TABULAR VIEW OF THE BRITISH LUMBRICI. SEGMENTS OCCUPIED BY AVERAGE. PAPILLaé. LUMBRICUS. ae Be] ed No. o Male | Else- | Ist Girdle. | Band. a Length. “Segments Pore. | where. eid pad canals, | | 32-37 33-36 8/9 iced 150-200| 15 | | } \ | 2. Piso inigien| 33 37 34-37 9/10 inches 130-150} 15 | 34,36 3. pridespens Hee t} 1892 0) 34-39 35-38 5/6 its 100-130| 15 | 28 La rubellus tf- a aaphes 845 - 27-32 28-31 7/8 ers too-t25) 6 re) ve porpereis Eisen, ai 28-33 | 29-32 6/7 | 2inches. 80-100 ° Io I beg to point out the great value to the true earth-worms of the flattened or spathulate tail-extremity. So far as I am aware it has never been observed by any of my predecessors that the habitat of the species and the shape of the posterior part have a direct relationship to each other. It is only among those species which expose a portion of their body when in search of food, while the other remains in the burrow, that the distinctly flattened tail is found in our native species. Oriental species are, as a rule, as round as a straw, while our tree-haunting species are usually octangular. I shall have some curious facts to present on this point in another paper on ‘Variation among Annelids,’ resulting from my study Of - native earth and tree worms, should such a communication oe _ acceptable. Meanwhile, I am content to observe that the shape of — the tail in the genus which — we bave: bess sioria bans is” _ value, since it enabl its burrow most a” ond so retain its hold if an attempt b be made to nes it ; "NOTES AND ‘NEWS. . iv heb of M.Se. has lately ‘been conferred t vinnie ion Mr. WLE. ‘Hoyle, M.A.Oxon,, the Prot A. Mib nes Marshall, M.A., M.D.Cant., c Pes bond = The Lincolnshire Naturalist’ Usion ast to ae in: fair v ay to become a 301 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. NEUROPTERA & TRICHOPTERA, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892. THE present instalment of Bibliography has been compiled and edited by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. The only previous instalment of the Bibliography of these orders of insects was published in the ‘Naturalist’ for October 1888, pp. 285-286, and re with the years 1884 to 1887 inclusive. ANON. [various srt oats naman Cc 879 UMay -flies, Burton Bridge, S. R. Hfallam]., May 12th; Drake-f, § -» June 2nd; Dragon-fly, S. G., Oct. 25]. 4th Ann. Rep. Burt on-on- poste Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc., 1880, pp. 67-70. Phenological Observations og Isle of Man mon emi ones [? which]) appears, May 16]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, Ap. 1890, p. ANON. [signed ‘ Rawdon Lee’ Ww orland, kshire, b Range of the May-fly [which extends north to Westmorland, where the ‘drakes’ are common on most waters, igi SS ; also Reon on Kent and Bela and several Yorkshire generally, north of Derbyshire the ‘Stone-fly’ is called ‘ May-fly]. Field, ites eg P- 23. J. ARKLE. Notes from Cheshire Severe of Agrion puella and A. minium at Delamere Forest; of Zded/ula fuadrimaculta at Oakmere, 13th, 1891; and Libellula scotica on Hatchmere Moss]. [Ent., Dec. 1891, Pp- and 289. J. ARKLE. Cheshire. Whit-Monday [June 6th, 1892] in Delamere est [yielded hundreds of ae quadrimaculata and ZL. scotica]. go > Tay 1892, P- 169. J. ARKLE. [48schna j _ and Sympetrum scoticum at De — 1, 1892, recorded in a note “ Coliasedusa . . in rocket; in 1892 4 Ent., te Sion ay 0. 270. Ww. Harcourt Barn. oo Westmorland and Pies. dO gee rg et Win lormere Le immense 1887]. Nat. Monthly, win 1887, p. 51. ‘abundance, first week of So —_— : W. eae Bath. pe —— ee &c., at © Windermere soieseenis Donlect of the lake, Aug. 1887]. ae eb. 1888, p. 62. W. Harcourt Baru [not ae Ww : Among t Pose, rasta: with a notice of the Preemie oe nallagma spate ce gp al Loy re goin cag a ug. ae habitat described]. N. H. J., "ape 15th, oe > . w. Fotinid ieee (not signed]. ee of 3 roo : - 302 BIBLIOGRAPHY : NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA. W.. a a agin > deiy Westmorland and Furness. Some Famous Collecting-Grounds for Dragon-flies. By the Author of “An Miastiated Handbook of British Dragon-flies,” Vi Te English Lake District [giving a list of 22 mperies found round Windermere and Ambleside]. Sci. Goss., July “—o 154. H. SHORTRIDGE CLARK Isle of Man. R Me Ge Eston! ogical Section [of Isle N. HH. S. fo 88 ; repeats G. T. Porritt’s list of 6 Neuroptera a 16 Ege io cog a Naturalist, April 1888]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, p. A. E. Eaton. Cumberland A Concise Generical Synopsis, with an Annotated List, of the Species os hake Ephemeridz [the only northern record is oe rigtaaine sper, Eat., t Eden, Cumberland]. E. M. M., June 1888, p A. E. ag York bate a observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Uni Edl — and Wadworth Woods [near abel ntgbd er and 17th erz 1891; Stenophylax concentricus]. Nat., Nov. 1891, p. MATTHEW HENDERSON. opteryx phalznoides, L., Durham [two at conn details given, and ed. note by R. cries Haas E. M. M., April 1890, p P. M. C, K[eErMopeE]. Is! ie at ‘ithe: Phenological Observations [giving Manx dates for ‘ Dragon-fly (ieee) *)} Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, i. 64; and No. 9, 293- ee th pe a KING... York Mid W. notata Ramb. occurs in fo lesen tere came the River leaps near Tadcaster, where a fe F. G. Binnie]. Proc. N. . Glasg., New Series, vol. iii, pie . 1388. 80 (1889), p. ix. R. peuatan York N.W. phalenoides, L., in Yorkshire [captured 28th Aug. sre : —— Teesdale, by Mrs. Hutchinson]. E. M. M., Feb. optera observed b; y] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Unio spores Hood’s Bay, oe A ons 1889 ; ne centralis, named b Porritt, taken]. 5) Aue. 2 880, p. Amos: MITCHELL. 7. See ae - York N.E. [Tricho: Durham. — Oct. 1885, beat from ‘Alder overhanging the Waskerey Bur, nes Wolsingham E.M. M.; March — B 1990, Pp. 90. GEORGE ae PorRITT. fe co En risen es ion to . . the Isle of Man Avg. I _— Lsopteryx farieciat Susciventris, jonas micans, f os Ai. subnebulosus, H. —— Limnophilus centralis, re auric icin s SParsus, — Sericostoma rst ‘ostoma Rirle, — pullata, Odontocerum albicorne, Hydrops pale ag ire ors Philopotam gg eiowe Wormaldia sub- nigra, signal a conspersa, P. geniculata , Polycent s flavomaculatus, : Tinodes assimilis, Rhyacophila dorsalis, pom A, tes fusciesy 0 noted, with details ‘of locali locality and onawnes ex Ap. i I Siac a) So ss oo | Guo, 7. PORRITT. aoe ork S.W. and NE. hetaelin,. Y a in West Yorkshire © fin ‘Wharneliffe Mood. eae 23 i, 1888, and burn, Aug. Micropt ipirer tbo ; in Pen BIBLIOGRAPHY : NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA. 303 G. T. Porrirr. ork S.W. uroptera served with] The Yorkshire Natur onal ‘Ties at Holmfirth [roth pc 1889: Szalis ‘fulssinent, Nemoura oe geny LV. variegata, and Hemerobius humuli taken]. Nat., July 1889, p Geo. T. Porritt. York Mid W. copteryx brevi: vipennis, Curt., at York [taken by G. C. Dennis and Geo. Jackson, probably at Askham ais Leptocerus emo taken near the river at York last June by G. C. Dennis}. E. M. M., Nov. 1890, P- 304. Gro. T. Porritr. York S.W. Neuroptera, Trichoptera, and Orthoptera, near Thorne Waste ” [uly 16th, 1891 ; gpa! um rereen in Le Ep Be Limnophilus marmo- ratus, L. lunatus, L. auricula, L. j 4 Nat., April 1891, p. mers G. T. Porrirr, York Mid Ww. omega and Trichoptera observed with] the Yorkshire N: Union pxvrneg! sr reanya [on Sept. 11th, 1890; Leuctra fusciventris, Nemours Rey ant), Stenophylax concentricus, Halesus auricollis (common), and 4. sei ma Nat., June 1891, p. 177. Gro. T. pice rk S.W. Stenophylax alpestris Yorkshire [taken ctr — Pp by John Barnsley ; ~— ean but probably Dunford Bridge]. E. Pp. 2. G. T. ee 2 ‘York S.E. ea taken in York Dale, 3rd August, by N. F. Dobrée, ion with} ie Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union on the Wolds. Nat., Oct. 1691, p. Gro. T. Doane. York Mid W. _ [Neuroptera observed with] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hivcide i: Ribblesdale rath hale : Nowe eee and Leuctra Jusciventris, both common]. t., June 1892, p G. T. Porritt. York S.W. sa oaipie and Trichoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Penistone and Dunford Bridge fon 9th pete 1892 ; Stenophylax po atl Sialis fuliginosa, and Plectrocne: wer a sa; the first a valuable confirmatory record]. Nat., Sep. 1892, SS ov PORRITT {per J. H. aelaadarete York : Mid w. (N and y] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Grassington [on io 2oth, 1891 ; = grammatica _ (abundant), Jsopteryx lvslepae wes he resie cinerea, o—* fuliginosa, He étes orolypus, Sine stellatus, a atus, Rhyacphia de dorsalis, ‘ued ew inodes ai ; the last fairly anon Nat., Sept. 1891, p. 26 : = 7, Porritt. ee ck N.EL europtera an Trichoptera abaeread at at Castle Hi ward on the occasion | of] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union{’s visit or fem and Byland 1892 ; —— sopa flavifrons, Hemerobius mic i marginatus, Lenin —— , Halesus regent Anabolia Limnophilus — ms — © recs ered — Nov. : =_ ao a : : : | . Gro. 7 Pouirr, oe Se, York S.W. oe: Sten = lpn ot Dunford t Bridge, West | Norkshiee fens ng a es}. ‘EM. M., Des. 1808, pe SEE NOTE—COLEOPTERA. peter Wt ee ilis nega —In the September issue of the . Hiaipae oe Mr. Roebuck records the capture of two specimens of this interest- n Yorkshire. As I have not seen it recorded for Notts, it may be wath while. to state ‘that a very fine specimen was captured by the Trent-side at Wilford, near Nottingham, on August 26th last, and is now in my possession.— iM. CARR, Nottingham, "Sept. 2nd, 1893. ' NOTE S—FISHES. Opah or King-fish on the tegegi uty Coast.—A very fine example of this etal fish aiggractg® ha Gm.), of the most gorgeous colours, and w weighing about four stone, was left by the tide, early in August, in a 1 on the coast opneite ington tas end Between 1767 and this date it has been recor upwards of a som oe em Ye oast aken off the one a coast, mon, weighing 140 pounds, and the flesh is as red and ef ke ate pi quality.—JoHN CorpEaux, Eaton Hall, Retford, Sept 5th, 1893. The Lamprey in North Lancashire.—The following cutting is a the * Ulverston sated nate 24th, 1893 :—‘ EXTRAORDINARY CaTcH.—On Friday evening last, while several fishermen of Broughton were up the river Lickle rod- fishing, their attention was directed by some youths on the river-bank between Low Moss and the y Bridges to tw anguilliform fish, which ® to be engaged st deadly feud; after several fruitl ffo empt to take the a e young fellows, after taking th tion to eaikeck his hand into as river, and eventuall ceeded in throwing both out of the ni ved to be of the eel speci ws or Jampreys. Both fish were about two feet long, and weigh out 2 Ibs. each. Lickle is a strea the neighbo of Broughton-in-Furness, wh joins the Duddon below Duddon Bridge. C be Petromyzon marinus L.? = PP- 525-6.—LisTeR PETTY, oo Fue 26th, 1893. NOTES—. MOLLUSCA Viviparns contectus still living at Askern.—On the ree June, when with S o ses Apes a eel Smal Trum: mips coy one of the dykes we made an interesting fi ee Viviparus contectus, the or its occurrence in this district see Mr. Macpherson’s ‘ Fauna of Lakeland, Sn Blemoriam. Jo WeDANVIS, FLAS. PGS. ¥ SoA, Ete. TuE death of Mr. J. W. Davis, of Halifax, to which brief reference was made in ‘The Naturalist’ for September, has created a wide- spread feeling of regret among Yorkshire naturalists of all classes, and has left a gap in the ranks of the more earnest workers that will not be easily or readily filled up. His long and official connection with the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society, and other local scientific bodies, made his tall and erect figure a familiar one to almost every naturalist in the county, and such was the impression made upon those who were brought into contact with him, that there are probably few who do not feel that in him they have lost an energetic co-worker and a valuable and trusty friend. Already several sketches of his life, his characteristics, and his work have appeared in various journals, but his close connection with the societies to which many of the readers of ‘The Naturalist’ belong, make it desirable that we should add a further tribute to his memory and place on record our appreciation of his scientific labours and the impressions his personality made upon those who had the privilege of enjoying his most intimate friendship. _ It is now generally known that, descended from an old Gloucestershire family, he was born in the neighbourhood of Leeds On April 15th, 1846, and that from his youth up he manifested — @ strong and intelligent interest in natural history pursuits. One __ who knew him while still in his teens, and before his removal to _ Halifax, often recalls the fact that even then he displayed great force and individuality of character, and had always some clearly-defined _ object in view which he pursued with a will and an energy that : _ Speedily brought it withi in his grasp. At an early peri ake’ cadienil : : oo _ the value of the friendship of congenial spirits, and was honorary _ ihe: still kept a his connection with scientific friends in Leeds. Fate, HES, Md ve ck he : : association, “which included in its membership. the late Mr. James — _ Abbott, Messrs. F, A. Lees, W. Todd, and T. sel and after its a we csi with the . Club, which « Secretary of a small Natural History Society which used to meet in _ a = the old Assembly Rooms, near Call Lane. — On his removal — which included Messrs, W. P. ‘Sladen, W. Cash, and J. Stubbins, Vee 306 IN MEMORIAM—J. W. DAVIS. Association. In recognition of his services to this society he was subsequently elected a life member. As a member of the executive of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, he was drawn into a close connection with some of the ablest of his fellow-workers, and for some years he and the late Mr. George Brook, with Messrs. Hobkirk, Cash, Sladen, and others met regularly for the study and discussion of biological problems. Though perhaps of minor importance, these facts seem deserving of mention, because there can be little doubt that this close associa- tion with others like-minded to himself, had considerable influence was always abundantly illustrated by actual specimens. His habit of mind, indeed, seems to have inclined more to the practical and the concrete than the theoretical and abstract, and it was no doubt this that made his activity on the School Board and the Corporation of Halifax, and in other public matters, so serviceable to the best interests of his fellow-townsmen. At the same time he had a ready perception of the acceptability or otherwise of scientific theories, and was not unskilful, when he had thoroughly studied his facts, in detecting and applying their theoretical teachings. To this habit of mind we may, perhaps, also attribute his success when, in the full maturity of his faculties, he elected to devote him- self to the investigation of Fossil Fish. The measure of that success will be fully estimated in due eid) and we do not erie? to anticipate it here. But any one who has perused the m a which his unflagging industry enabled him to give to the soa. a. vill cae have recognised the directness of the treatment and the firm grasp of 2 structural details which they exhibit. The style too bears testimony __ to the same characteristics, for it is clear, simple, and precise, and is” destitute of th rishes orted to by those pigs knowledge of details i is wanting in thoroughness. In addition to pursuing his own investigations ee more ‘than : usual energy, Mr. Davis was ever Teady to stimulate and encourage the efforts of others i in their scientific pursuits, whether as. private individuals or as members of scientific societies. His wide | ae Ponce bs the peek of his irae Sng f ‘made him an : a NOTES AND NEWS. 3°7 the inspection of all real students, the only passport to his sympathy being a genuine appreciation of scientific studies. Finally, a word may be said of the genial disposition and equability of temper that Mr. Davis invariably displayed, and the large-hearted hospitality with which he was wont to entertain his friends. On those occasions, the guests at Chevinedge invariably felt themselves to be the recipients of a welcome, the cordiality of which could scarcely be surpassed, and the memory of which will never be obliterated. Then, too, the shrewdness, the breadth of knowledge, and clear perceptions of the host shone conspicuously forth, while his light, harmless banter and sparkling humour added to the charms of the conversation on lighter topics As complete lists of Mr. Davis’s scientific publications have already appeared and are included in the bibliographies given from time to time in ‘The Naturalist,’ they need not be repeated here. It may nevertheless be mentioned that the most important are the section on Geology in ‘West Yorkshire,’ published by him and Mr. F. A. Lees in 1878, and his three monographs on Fossil Fishes, viz., ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the Mountain Limestone of Great Britain’ (1883), ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount Lebanon and Syria’ (1887), and ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the Tertiary and Cretace—Tertiary Formations of New Zealand’ (1888). His death took place on the morning of July 2oth, 1893, at _ Bridlington, and he was interred at All Saints, Salterhebble, near _ Halifax, on July 24th.—T. H. NOTES AND NEWS. _Yorkshiremen will be interested to learn that Mr. H. Speight, —_ of the val and recently issued history of Craven, which pad pit saline me ry Naturalist : bos! Ape last, and the whole edition mot wee, ve (ius ted) fi now _ Nearly engaged in the preparation of a complete (illustrat listory of he Nida” Valley, some part of which adjoins the he Craven a large ‘proportion also is comprised within the . of Craven... ‘The book ae scientific oe : : will deal in a novel and — manner both with — and aspects of odor dee : | Mx. F. Amold Lees is preparing for this ak: one od the Apt ‘pp ca ed oo fo the oe of N' gia pense tig an an apy 1d Less, at 80, Frank 308 DISAPPEARANCE OF THE GREAT BUSTARD IN LINCOLNSHIRE. JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.0O.U., Eaton Hall, Retford. THE very last appearance of this noble bird in Lincolnshire 1s unrecorded ; it probably took place in the early years of the present century. The Rev. Edward Elmhirst in a letter, dated Nov. zgth, 1886, told me that he quite well recollected his father shooting Bustards and Ruffs and Reeves, on Thoresby Common, and his sending the former to Sir Joseph Banks, then living, about sixty-eight years ago. This would bring it down to 1818. Sir Joseph Banks _ died in 1820. At the commencement of this century the Lincoln- _ shire wolds had already been partly enclosed and cultivated, turnips being regularly grown in rotation. In the Middle Marsh (in which Thoresby is situated), and the coast marshes, the general enclosure of commons and open lands, and the consequent change of cultiva- — tion, took place many years later. These low-country commons were of great extent, and the chief crops were wheat and beans, very little else of any sort being grown. The beans were sown in the spring __ on winter ploughing, broadcast, and never weeded. [It is difficultin days of progressive farming and variety of cropping to realise the slovenly cultivation of these old times, and the breadth given up to — bean growing ; those who take an interest in the subject should read the ‘Agricultural Survey of Lincolnshire,’ published in 1799,as made by the celebrated Arthur Young, F.R.S., and secretary to the Board of Agriculture of the time. The large amount of shelter and privacy __ afforded by these wide areas of unweeded beans would be highly __ favourable to the protection of the few remaining Bustards still lingering on the coast and middle marshes of Lincolnshire, after they had disappeared from the wolds. ‘The Naturalist’ is now so books that they will be doing good service by extracting and publishing any small fonts Peek i. or — have -_-teference to - former ex . —, LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. THE second meeting of the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union was held at Woodhall Spa on Monday, August 7th. The district for investi- gation held out special attractions for almost all classes of naturalists, Owing to its very diversified nature. A fertile, agricultural district, yet abounding in large woods, waste moorlands, and the drains and marshy lands, so typical of Lincolnshire scenery, it well repaid the trouble of investigation. Considering that this was only the second meeting of the Union, the attendance was very good, and had it not ‘been a Bank Holiday would doubtless have been much larger. Permission had been kindly granted by Mrs. Hotchkin, of Manor House, Kirkstead, and the Rev. J. Conway Walter, to the members of the Union to pass over their estates. Owing to the Bank Holiday ‘tripping element,’ most of the trains were late, and instead of a start being made at 10.20 a.m., as Originally arranged, it was nearly 11.30 before all got off. Leaving Kirkstead Station, the party, under the leadership of the Rev. J. Conway Walter, proceeded by a cross-country route to Woodhall Spa, then passing through the Spa grounds, along the beck side, past Mrs. Hotchkin’s wood to ‘Tower O’ Moor,’ and the Ostler plantations. Several of the members, including the conchologists and coleopterists _ (who generally form the rear-guard of a party of naturalists) did not — go over the whole of the route, but stopped nearer to Woodhall, and from their accounts seem to be well satisfied that they did so. - By 4 o'clock most of the members had returned to the e Eagle Hotel, at Woodhall, where, after doing ample justice to a ease tea, the sectional meetings w were held, followed a substantial at a0 hich M Pk Peron pees oe oe _ vote “of thanks to the landowners and also to the Gaya - ee : "Walter for 1 leading the y g been n passed, th oe a were then given. ee . , For the Geological | Season, Mr F M. Burton, F is. se PGS, i its a _ President, reported as follows :— oe _. The Kimmeridge Clay, on whith Woodhall ‘Spa stands, covers a large area of that district of the county of Lincoln. It is eight to nine miles wide in parts, and attains a thickness of about 600 feet. _ This bed is the representative of the upper bn ssage in the county, ie _ there being no traces in it of tl nd sand and limestone which __ 310 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. the Chalk series, a highly bituminous bed of shale gg Se sures. In this b to d muc s pe i In Dorsetshire—whence, from the village of Kimmeridge, e beds derive their name—these shales are so _ bituminous er they are occasionally used for fuel; and attempts have en made to obtain oil and other substahces from them. The thirst after coal in Lincolnshire has not, however, been altogether without its results, as, some years ago, a boring for it at Woodhall led to the discovery of the valuable saline well there, which is now so well known for its curative properties; a boon of far greater and wider worth than the finding of coal would have been, — had the search for it been successful. The Rev. J. Conway Walter, who so kindly and ably conducted the excursion, informs us that the properties of the spring were discovered when it welled up out of the borehole, and, spreading over the adjoining land, affected the cattle which drank of it. The clay is well exposed in some parts of this district in brick- pits and railway cuttings, swe Rene noe wee the exception of a disused pit filled with w. where several nodular masses of stone were met with, thickly rol with Serpula tetragona, and one of them having on its surface the impress of an ammonite too much worn for identification—and of another more ancient pit, said to have been excavated in Roman times, no kind of section was met with during the excursion. On crossing the heath and moorland, the burrowing of rabbits had occasionally turned up patches of fine pale-coloured sand, in parts slightly ferruginous, and having a considerable number of flints scattered about them; while, here and there, a few small erratics were seen, pointing to the influence of the ice action which has 5” ae materially altered the surface of this portion of the county. In connection with the ice drift, I should like to call the : attention of all interested in geology to the want of any Lincoln. — The Secretary of ‘the LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA, Sui only say I hope, now that the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union is started and is likely to be a success, that this defect may be remedied, and I shall be glad to give any information in my power, as to the committee’s mode of working, to those who will interest themselves in the subject. The Botanical Section was officially represented by the Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., the President, and Rey. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, Secretary of the section, by the latter of whom the following account is written :— The Woodhall district has been so thoroughly worked, botanically, that nothing new is likely to turn up except ‘escapes,’ as Hypericum hircinum L.. and Campanula rapunculoides L. have done in the last few years. From sixty to seventy good things passed through the hands of _ the verifiers, from which the following list is selected :-— Lepidium campestre R.Br. Solidago virgaurea L. Lepidium smithii Hook Gnaphalium sylvaticum L Viola flavicornis Sm. Senecio sylvaticus L. Sa officinalis L. Hieracium umbellatum L. Drosera rotundifolia L. Hieracium re Drosera intermedia Hayne. Calamintha acinos Clairv. Epilobium macr m Leight. Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Epilobium parvifloram Schreb. Polygonum hydropiper L. Epilobium palustre Ei Alnus glutinosa Gaert. Circzea Iutetiana L. Narthecium ossifragum Huds. Pimpinella magna L. Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. Valeriana sambucifolia icant The ponte plants, which certainly grow at Woodhall, were not ken :—Anagaillis pallida Hooker; Pedicularis sylvatica L., sp. in firmed. the County Herb. : Pinguicula vulgaris L., often con - After the meeting the Rev. J. C. Walter, of Woodhall Vicarage, ae presented his specimen of Silene guinguevulnera L. to the County — - ‘Herbarium. ‘It grew in a rough sandy field and has been _ “improved” away in making a lawn for the garden of the Victoria ee oodhall. a Hotel ; but fifty years ago it was met saaeegnise about: ‘és oo _. Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., y rer he Vertebrate Te a tecticn, ‘and the Rev. J. Cc Walter, M A Wryneck, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, wild Turtle Dove, and Hawfinch were common in the district, as also Snipe, Dabchicks, > Moorhens, Coots, and Wild Duck. The Black Game, which bred — : on the , is now extinct ; so is the Bittern. The I Buzzard and Hen-harrier are gone, but the Brown Owl and Night-jar are still common. The W Moodeoek Nereis here in the still . ae viv of the wild woodland. oe alighted at Woodhall Spa and g the road-side to _ Kirkstead. This road, a typical country road, and. evidently, — 312 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. The Conchological sig was Officially represented by the sli Mr. F. W. Fierke, M.C.S., who furnishes the following report :—Conchological a were confined within a small area from Woodhall Spa, and a very poor result rewarded our efforts and the time spent in the locality. The dykes were completely dried up and a pond which looked very promising had also been considerably affected by the drought, thereby preventing its thorough investigation. In one little patch of water Vadletia /acustris was very plentiful, the majority of them being found upon the rushes growing in the pond. Flanorbus fontanus, too, occurred here, and a few specimens of LP. carinatus and Valvata cristata were taken in the scoop. The only other aquatic species we have to mention in order to complete this very meagre list is our old and familiar friend Limnea peregra, whom we seldom fail to meet. Laying the scoop aside, an examina- tion of the water’s edge resulted in placing on record a species of Succinea, the members of which genus form a kind of link between the terrestrial and aquatic mollusca, as they love to mount the | flags and rushes of the ponds and dykes or to spend their time in damp situations on the bank-side. The specimens we procured answered the description of S. putris. There has been little to report on the water snails, and as ececds the terrestrial mollusca we find even less. In addition to the Swecinea already mentioned, we noticed Arion minimus, Helix rotundata, H. hispida, Fyalinia cllaria, H. nitidula, and last, but not by any means fe discovery of the last-named species (taken on dead leaves in a hedge _ bottom) was the redeeming feature of an otherwise disappointing day’s work. It was also a record for the county. Summing up the © _ results, the terrestrial and aquatic mollusca had suffered alike from _ the extreme dryness of the season, and this fact alone accounts for the poor list obtained, as the district seeing speaking seems to be Sipe One, © . € +h oe a fairly good time. Mr. R. W. Geiae 4 who. had: confined his attention - principally to the Lepidoptera, noted the Red Admiral, the Peacock, Common Blue, Wall Brown, Ringlet, and Small Heath butterflies. — _ Mr. Joseph Coe and Mr. Walter F Baker, idoasiaietied by an early train, : turbed by omnivorous | ‘coliectors,” abounded | in ‘numerous silken of Agelena labyrinthica 01 fine _ and not nocturnal, as 4. rufipes and most others. Philonthus eneus LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. 3t3 only a single specimen was obtained. Butterflies, principally Meadow Brown, Small Heath, and Large and Small Whites were in great abundance along the road-side, and by sweeping the nettles which were abundant there, Coccinella 7-punctata and Halyzia 22-punctata were found, together with Afion pomone and Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis. Arriving at Kirkstead Station a dyke near to was carefully examined, but fydroporus fiat Anacena limbata, and fydrobius fuscipes were all that were obtain At 11.30, a second start was made re Woodhall Station, the number of Coleopterists having increased to three owing to the arrival of Mr. E. J. Slater. This time the way taken was through the Spa grounds and by the beck-side, intending to proceed to the Tower on the Moor, but the district proving to be remarkably good, not more than half the distance was passed over. Crossing the beck, just through the Spa grounds, into a small wood, some decaying fungi produced eéstotrophus murinus and Nitidula bipustulata, whilst by sweeping here Phedon cochlearia and Halpzia conglobata were added to the captures. A closely grazed grass field _ was then the scene of investigations. At this time the sun was very powerful, and the perfect grasshoppers were flying about in all directions, though their flight never appeared to be sustained for a greater distance than about ten yards, while the larvae, unprovided with wings, were trying to rival their elder brethren by their gigantic leaps. Whilst turning over some stercoraceous matter, a fine specimen of Leistotrophus nebulosus, evidently enjoying the bright _ Sunshine and drawn by the (at any rate to him) attractive smell, came flying up, and seemed to resent most fiercely being confined in a small glass test-tube when secured. The species _ of Aphodius were here very common, A. rufipes, A. ~~ A. JSetens, A. fossor, A. merdarius, A. ater, and subter- SS Sracticornis in abundance, being the first time that any of: ote po ae coleopterists present had seen this beetle alive. Instead of being a 7 Bagh ne same position, i I jer th k face, and one ee & specimen was on the outs i, se oa it had just flown saps a it appear as though diuttal in its habits, like. Aphodius Jfimetarius, ee was remarkably | common in similar — situations, and also “several __-B. proximus and Hister unicolor. Sweeping the long herbage on” _ the side of Mrs. Hotchkin’s wood only produced Apion cruentatum, : . jacobae, and Agriotes Nee Gupte a = and S.. . Cercyon ham alis, C. es . 314 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. C. pygmaeus were also found, together with the variety semzstriatum of Spheridium bipustulatum with distinctly punctured striz on the elytra. Geotrupes spiniger was found here at an average depth of about four inches, owing to the hard nature of the ground. Under the loose bark on the fallen trunk of an ash-tree lying across the dyke Mycetophagus piceus was very abundant indeed. In colour it exactly matched the decaying wood, and the beetles seemed to be fully aware of the fact, and remained perfectly still until just as you were going to pick them up, and /fen livelier specimens could hardly be imagined, and if two commenced to run at the same time one of them was almost sure to escape. Proceeding along the wood side and crossing a small dyke in which Ve/ia currens was about the only visible sign of animal life, we came to a couple of ponds in a semi- dried up state. Loricera pilicornis was abundant round the edges, great speed and the boggy state of the pond edge. Here the soil became much looser, and several Geotrupes stercorarius were dug up from a depth of about twelve inches. A nest of ants with the winged males and females clustering round the outside was here seen, and then the time for tea arrived and a hurried return had to be made for the Eagle Hotel. Needless to say, the Swallow-tail Butterfly, once common in the swamps and by the river-side, was at obtains: Owing to the very dry state of everything, ‘stone-turnin of very little use, the only captures being Xantholinus ‘julviduss Harpalus eneus, Pterostichus madidus and P. niger, Calathus melano- cephalus, and under some stones in a dried up pond Agabus guttatus and A. dipustulatus. The section for Micro-Zoology and Botany was officially repre-— a a sented by Mr. J. Larder, who supplies the following — report:— Owing to the small attendance of workers in Micro-Zoology and Botany, the records were not numerous, but the following freshwater : alge, kindly identified by Mr. T. S. Smithson of Rochdale, — _ were obtained at Jordan’s Ponds, near Woodhall. The first threeare . _ hitherto unpublished records for the county :—Rhaphidium falcatum, ‘wlespharium kutzingianum, Merismopedia glauca, Scenedesmus PE Pediastrum boryanum, ae ies Pandorina _ morum, and Conferva fontinalis. After the plait wa ‘ander obesres ion for several but _ A first record. a : cS ae BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 331 Salvia pratensis. Meadow Clary. 1888. On a bank at Partney. Garden escape. Scutellaria galericulata. Skull-cap. 1879. On the bank of a small stream in Peasgood Lane, Halton; also one specimen in Toynton Fen, a few years later. Marrubium vulgare. White Horehound. 1891. Occa- sionally found on the road-side leading from Skegness to Gibraltar Point. Leonurus cardiaca. Mother-wort. 1890. On the sea-bank at Chapel St. Leonard’s. Lamium purpureum var. alba. White variety of the Red Dead Nettle. 1880. This rare little plant grew for many years on a bank on the Hundleby Road, Spilsby, but is, I fear, dying out. Lamium maculatum. Spotted Dead Nettle. 1836. Ona bank at Claxby. Apparently wild. Galeopsis speciosa. Yellow Dead Nettle. 1892. In Welton Wood. Teucrium scorodonia. Wood Sage. 1891. On a bank at Hagworthingham. Echium vulgare. Viper’s Bugloss. 1879. This showy plant appeared several seasons on the borders of a chalk-pit at Langton. Lithospermum arvense. Gromwell. 1880. In a corn-field at East Keal. Appeared two or three seasons. Myosotis versicolor. Parti-coloured Scorpion Grass. 1879. On the border of a corn-field at Hundleby, and occasionally in other parts of the district. oe Primula caulescens Bab. Oxlip. 1890. In the fields and - woodlandjglades about Gunby. Rare. fe meria maritima. Thrift. 1888. ose the sand-banks at Sutton-on-Sea. ee. Statice genuina S Sea Lveuder: eta On the oe muddy flats at tepe ao of the Witham, bo ee Plantago: maritima. Seaside Plantain. 1892. On the banksZof the tidal portion of the Witham, Boston. _ ? Utricularia vulgaris. Bladderwort. 1888. In a drain at ee laureola. ‘Spurge Laurel. 1890. ‘Several shrubs were growing quite wild in the — about a and we under eases: m several s 332 NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA. Aristolochia clematitis. Birthwort. 1892. Found ina hedge- row at West Keal. First record. Ceratophyllum submersum. Hornwort. 1888. In a pond at Skegness. Orchis latifolia. Marsh Orchis. 1889. In some moist ground amongst sedge and reed at Little Steeping. Listera ovata. Tway-blade. 1886. Ina small plantation at Enderby Cross Roads, also in Well Wood. Somewhat rare. Epipactis latifolia. Broad-leaved MHelleborine. 1890. Welton Wood. Ornithogalum nutans. Drooping Star of Bethlehem. 1892. On a bank at East Keal, also at Halton Holegate. Most likely garden escapes. Scilla verna. Vernal Squill. 1879. A few bulbs were found growing together in a small plantation at Eresby, Spilsby, and were brought home and kept under cultivation. None have since been found wild. Eriophorum angustifolium. Cotton Grass. 1891. ‘This peculiar little plant flourished for several seasons in a bo piece of ground near the springs at Hundleby, but is now rig aa scarce. NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA. Sphinx convolvuli in Sayama 1893.—I have heard of Jiare captures of this very fine and ge moth recently in Yorkshire—viz., two at York and one at —— "Hewert, 12, Howard Street, York, ‘Oct. aid, 1893. t has probably me ders te the ae : atropos at Goole.— entomologist that the by a em of the ‘Death's Fh Head Mot plentiful. ur e brought T. < : Death's Head Hawk Moth in Yor ELITE So imens of this moth — (Acherontia strpos have been recently taken in the ral. copet ond neg : at York, = nd Driffield. —Wittiam Hewerr, 12, Hoar Sts fo we 23rd, 1893. - and ‘Tiehson At the Society Society of Lagi Mr. ers South yeted a ——— in lean spine se oe : ‘ t and the le innub Derb: yshire, ie ‘Mr. ‘Blogs, in in Jay 1893. H. Goss ee Deiopeia pulchella at ve —Whilst ‘sia Se So ae Mr. tes it Eee ea rs — Se 333 Su Wemoriam. GEORGE ROBERT VINE. Microscopic Geology has just recently lost one of its most enthusiastic and ardent supporters—one well known to all readers of ‘The Naturalist,’ and as well appreciated for his valuable and extensive original contributions to the ‘ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society’; we refer to Mr. G. R. Vine, of Sheffield. A brief notice of his death appeared in our September number, p. 282, but since then we have been enabled to secure the following summary of his life and labours. Mr. Vine was born in Portsmouth, Oct. zoth, 1825. His parents were poor, but brought up their children in_ strict conformity with their religious beliefs, and with such a sense of honour and honesty that their son George never wavered from the paths of upright dealing with his fellow men. He found in the National School in Portsmouth a place where the rudiments of education could be obtained for a few pence per week, and for a short time he was a diligent pupil at that institution. Like all school boys, he got into numerous and frequent scrapes, but took full benefit of the advantages there offered, which, at the best, were far inferior to those of the present day. Soon, however, he had to bid ‘ good-bye’ to school and commence daily work, but his desire for knowledge was not to be allayed, and, procuring a Latin and a Greek grammar, he became familiar with the elements of these languages. Poetry and history were his favourite subjects, and his memory for what he had read was truly marvellous; he would often recite lengthy rome from a poet without having seen the book for ten or more to him, but into almost every sco ihe branch of learning he prt more or less extensively. No particular subject, however, had as yet seized upon a _ his =n, though his reading became more and more general, and _ the consequent breadth of thought and sympathies brought him into contact with many men of ability. With W. J. Linton he was very — — intimate, and many others well known in the ‘forties and fifties’ were his almost c t He was connected with the : WEIS LIS al : - movement for hie ‘abolition of the tax on knowledge, with the . Chartist cause, with noted foreigners—Kossuth, Mazzini, and others. But, at last, becoming tired of - and of the many vagaries _ ne ‘So freely conainaarene at the time, he began 1 ete down.’ His - ‘Treland —— 1853, as the manager of a corset manufactory in oe 2 _ Athlone. Here he was located in — of a fine limestone — bly until he arrived i in = 334 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE ROBERT VINE, region and was naturally attracted by the number of fossils obtainable from the neighbouring quarries. Thirty-five or forty years ago, then he commenced that work in Geology which only terminated with his life last month. His collection of Mollusca from Central Ireland is almost unique, and of these specimens he was always very proud. Twenty years ago his attention was directed from general to microscopic Geology. In exchange for a number of theological magazines, he received, from the Rev. W. Howchin, of Morpeth, a series of samples of washings from Carboniferous Limestone quarries in South Scotland and Northumberland. With characteristic enthusiasm he exclaimed, after glancing at the material through a little pocket glass, ‘ Here is a new world to me!’ In an incredibly short time he had become familiar with the commoner forms of Foraminifera, under the generous guidance of Mr. Howchin. The Polyzoa puzzled him, and, upon making a few enquiries, he was told that little was known about this branch of work and that he had better commence investigations for himself. Phillips’ Geology of Yorkshire, McCoy’s Carboniferous Fossils, and other works were all consulted, but with little success, and so, at last, he commenced in ‘Science Gossip, for 1577, a few papers summarising the state of knowledge - on Fossil Polyzoa, and offering a few of his own observations on the matter. Naturally, these were not very exhaustive, but they brought him into correspondence with Mr. John Young, of Glasgow, who helped him with a vast amount of information and an almost exhaustless supply of Polyzoal material. About this time, he became acquainted with Mr. Geo. Shrubsole, of Pee whose death was also announced i in the September ‘N aturalist.’ An exhaustive study of the ale@ocoryn on between them, a study to which the late Dr. Pamcan contributed in no small degree. Mr. Vine was now fairly established in the study of Fossil Polyzoa, and, as the years went by, he was in constant correspondence with — such authorities as the Rev. T. Hincks, the late Mr. G. Busk, _ Dr. Lindstrom, Dr, Pergens, Mr. E. O. Ulrich, Miss E. C. Jelly, at Mr. A. W. Waters, and many others, some of whom are still leftto fom: the taking of such an one from their ante circle. - His British Association Reports are too well k own cy for such work lives to. help future students in the intricate path NOTES AND NEWS. 335 he made an important discovery of Macrospores ina coaly seam between vast beds of sandstone in a Sheffield quarry. This drew his attention to the coal plants, and, in a few months, hundreds of coal sections were in his cabinet—slides from Mr. Butterworth, of Oldham, Mr. Spencer, of Halifax, and others ; sections prepared by himself and his son, who, at this time, was actively engaged with him at home and in the field. There are few societies of a scientific turn in Sheffield and its neighbourhood that are unable to boast of having had ‘Mr. Vine, the Geologist,’ to give them a lecture on Coal and Coal Plants. The Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society considered it an honour to have him give them an evening with his slides. Yet another branch occupied the mind of this truly wonder- ful working man (for such he loved to be styled). Postage stamps, post cards, and its accompanying features fascinated him, and his collection—though, from a monetary point of view, probably not valuable—exhibits that peculiar feature of its author which enabled him to seize on the salient points of a subject almost at a glance. _ Sea-weeds, zoophytes, and a dozen other things all came in for a share of attention. But it is with pardonable pride that the writer can testify to Mr. Vine’s undying enthusiasm for Sunday School work. Truly he was the man for the little ones, and few families live in Attercliffe to-day that have not, directly or indirectly, been _ influenced by his humble Christian disposition. So he lived, and so he died, giving directions to his son about his polyzoa two days before he passed away, mentioning Sunday School work the day before he went home, and, wishing his family good-night five minutes before, Mr. Vine passed from the service of earth to the higher Service of heaven on Tuesday, August 8th, beloved, honoured, — _ Tespected, and leaving behind him a name which will surely be found _ in ee ve list of ardent, self- = and ever-onward ’ naturalists, : NOTES AND NEWS : oe : regr: lan issue ‘ Hardwick’ Sitiacs Comip’ * has been a mee se bg a at of the editor's illness 2 i Fr, W. Fierke, se Dials Gross West, ‘Hull, Hon. sur : “: 336 Sn Wemoriam. GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE, F.G.S. THE late Mr. George William Shrubsole, was born at Faversham, Kent, in 1827, and died at Chester, July 21st, 1893. He received his education at the Queen Elizabeth ene School, Faversham, and there showed the first signs of a taste for antiquarian pursuits, by making a collection: of say British coins. On leaving ae _he was —— to a surgeon, and during this time gained Royal Humane Pe eee Be ek hs ee Before IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. 337 the minor examination of the Pharmaceutical Society, being the twenty-fourth to do so. Afterwards he attended the lectures given by the Society about 1846-7, and gained prizes in materia medica _ and pharmacy, and a certificate in chemistry. He appears to have forsaken the profession of a surgeon for that of a chemist. He was engaged in some of the best West End chemists’ satahlisheneice. until his health failing through over-study, he accepted an engagement near Dorking, Surrey. It was there that he took up the science of geology, nor can we be surprised, for a more convenient situation to examine the Eocene, Chalk, Upper and Lower Greensand, and the Weald Clay, could scarcely be selected. The fossils of the chalk attracted his principal attention, and of these he made a valuable collection. The care and delicate touch with which he } removed the chalk from specimens of Flagiostoma spinosum, or worked out the attached spines of a Cidaris, well illustrated that power of taking infinite pains which characterised every labour of his life. In 1853 he removed to Chester, and ultimately succeeded to the old-established business of Messrs. John Hope & Sons, Chemists, Market Square. His place of business soon became the recognised centre to which to take all ‘finds,’ whether archeological _ Or otherwise, in order to obtain he opinion as to their value. In boing course of years he was thereb of Roman and other antiquities, found in Chester ter the el: neighbourhood, In 1858, the late Mr. Henry J. Bellars, ‘honorary Secretary and curator of the Chester Natural History Society,’ published an ‘Illustrated Catalogue of British Land and Freshwater _ Shells.’ In this little work we find frequent references to Mr. G. W. _ Shrubsole. For instance, at page 15, we read under the heading Helix ciate ‘See also sick page, where is represented an unusually 7 elegant ght with many others from Faversham, __ _* Kent, by Mr. G. W. Shrubsole, expressly for this work.’ When = __ Studying Natural History or Geology he would rise at daybreak: ee _ the summer months, to dredge pit, lake, or river for shells, or to — a : visit a. quarry for fossils. ‘The Chester Natural History Society,’ of oe - which Mr. ‘Bellars was honor ry secreta ie curator in : BSS, must oo oe Sete ee ooo a in that year, in a lumber room in the Chester Mechanics’ —— oe - Row the Free Library, a hamper. cociatene: an foun gatherum’ oS 338 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. successfully a botanical class in the Mechanics’ Institute, and in 1871, gave in the ‘Old King’s School’ a series of lectures, which were published afterwards under the title of ‘Town Geology.’ Mr. Shrubsole was at this time brought into very close contact with Canon Kingsley, — as he possessed the only collection of fossils in the city. These he placed unreservedly at the Canon’s disposal, for the purpose of illustrating his lectures. Canon Kingsley’s discourses were received with enthusiasm, and there gathered around him the whole intel- lectual life of Chester. We must, also, not omit to mention that the late Mr. Daniel Mackintosh, F.G.S., was then residing in Chester, — and followed up Canon Kingsley’s labours with a systematic course of lectures upon Geology. In 1871, the Chester Society of Natural Science was founded by Canon Kingsley, and Mr. Shrubsole was elected chairman of the Geological Section. He worthily filled the position for nearly twenty years, and during that period delivered many addresses of great local interest. In 1873, on the proposition of Canon Kingsley, Mr. Shrubsole was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society. In 1879, Mr. O. A. Shrubsole, and in 1885, Mr. W. H. Shrubsole, the two younger brothers of the deceased, became Fellows of the Geological Society, and, more remarkable still, they have all contributed papers ‘which have appeared in the Society’s Publications’—an achieve- ment by three brothers, so far as I am aware of, quite unique in the annals of the Geological Society of London. Between 1879 and 1884 Mr. Shrubsole published six papers in the ‘Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,’ upon the Palzeozoic Polyzoa, of which he — | : had a splendid collection. The late Mr. Vine, with whom he worked out the fossil Polyzoa, only survived him a fortnight. In 1883 Mr. Shrubsole was presented with the Kingsley | Memorial _ Medal of the Chester Natural Science Society, ‘for having con- tributed materially to the promotion and advancement of some — branch or department of natural science.’ In 1886 he contributed © a paper to the ei Society, ‘On the Erosion of Certain — Freshwater Shells. In October, 1884, Mr. Shrubsole gathered — from the Trent Canal at Stone, Staffordshire, twenty specimens of Planorbis corneus, a species not known in Cheshire, Stoke being the nearest habitat, These he transferred to his aquarium, supplied with Dee water, * The mielle of ‘the Planorbes,’ he observes, ‘when I gathered» _ were i j. After some time — TE noticed hes fone some cause or other, they, without exception, — Redcar ah a ae of ne re or bales, y along the —- vhich IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. 339 groove, which penetrated to the lowest shell layer, and continued to widen and spread as time went on. During the time the Planorbes were living in the Trent Canal the shell was entire, while three months’ existence in water taken from the River Dee produced the appearance I have described.’ He analysed both waters, and in that from the Trent Canal there was a great quantity of lime, while in that from the Dee there was very little, from which he concluded that the carbonic acid in the Dee water dissolved the calcic carbonate of ‘which the shelly structure of the mollusca is mainly built up.’ He pointed out, however, that shells with a thick epidermis escape this fate. In 1884, he published a complete list of the land and freshwater shells of Chester and District, which appeared in part 3 of the ‘Proceedings of the Chester Society of Natural Science.’ On antiquarian subjects, he published papers in the proceedings of the ‘ Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire’ and in ‘ Archzologia Cambrensis’ from 1890 to 1892. In 1886, Mr. Shrubsole wrote a paper which was published in the Journal ot the Archeological Society: ‘On the Age of the City Walls of Chester.’ This was, doubtless, the outcome of a paper read before the ‘ Chester Archeological and Historic Society,’ entitled ‘The City Walls of Chester ; is any portion of them Roman?’ He contended that no part of the walls was Roman masonry in situ, basing his arguments upon the absence of structural evidence, that the present ‘walls’ were built by the Romans, also that the perishable nature of the local. stone used for that purpose (the Bunter Pebble Beds, sandstone) made it very improbable that the walls of Chester were of Roman construction. The paper was read on December 3rd, 1883, and it is recorded in the Society’s Journal that the discussion was adjourned _ to the 4th of February, 1884, nor did this suffice, for it was again oe adjourned to February 18th, 1884. The discussion became very = animated and soon spread far and wide among Antiquarians, and — cc great interest was aroused in the matter in dispute. A fund a raised to defray the expense of a thorough examination of me ee: of the North Wall of the City, w which resulted in finding Ds f : merits or demerits of the controversy, but not as to the practical : -Tesults of the investigation of the structure of the North Wall. The ‘finds’ are now exhibited in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, ~~ , e a tere in the United Kingslon. Mr. Shrubsole was for a ‘number a of years honor to the Chester J gical and Historie ‘ 340 NOTES AND NEWS. Science. In both capacities he greatly enriched the local collections of antiquities and fossils. He also formed a valuable collection of recent local land, freshwater, and marine mollusca, and marine polyzoa. His natural reticence renders it difficult, even to an intimate friend, to do his memory justice, or to record even briefly what he accomplished in a lifetime devoted ‘to the search for truth’ over so wide and varied fields of observation. Diligent in business as in research, his leisure was but change to occupations in which pleasures never pall. There was no room for ennui where from youth to age each day opened out an ever-widening vista of the arcana of nature which might be won. He was interred in Chester Cemetery, and gathered round his open grave were many men who had laboured in those researches in which he so much delighted. The results of the scientific work of his life will be his most ore monument; let posterity write his epitaph. WiLiiAM SHONE, F.G.S. ‘Upron PARK, CHESTER os Gasser 21st, 1893, : Sag: AND NEWS. are indebted to the Rev. J. Magens Mello for a copy of his ‘ Gookayat ‘Desbyibire,’ which we are sia oat to see has reached a second edition. A general _ descripti ser the local geology is given ; the Carboniferous is fully described, with ae insert, written b y Mr. 1 lavie-Brown, ‘ 34f A NEW LIST OF BRITISH BEETLES. Catalogue | of | British Coleoptera | by | D. SuarP, M.A., F.R.S., &, | and | W. W. Fowter, M.A., &c. | London: | L. Reeve & Co. | 1893. Every Coleopterist will welcome this catalogue, for it supplies along felt want, and the ee on the title-page are a sufficient guarantee that it is ‘ up-to-date. It has long been felt by most, if not all Coleopterists, that a new catalogue was urgently required, for this study has made such enormous advances since the catalogue issued by Fowler and Matthews in 1883, that the latter was comparatively useless. In the new catalogue no numbers are affixed to the genera, so that should it be found necessary to alter the position of any of them (as, despite the great care which has been used in the present classification, is very probable, owing to the nascent state of this science) it can easily be done. The alterations, though many, are not only Sb icdel ie but actually necessary with our improved knowledge. For instance, LVotiophilus has been raised to the rank of an independent tribe, _ instead of, as in the old system, forming part of the Nebriina; similarly Qodes, formerly included under the Chleniina, now is _ Oodina; also Amara, hitherto under pea aneniey has, with even More justice, been formed into a tribe, Amarin The way by which the Geodephaga and ee Hisdiudephaca « are connected is much superior to the older way, which was very abrupt. Now it leads by gentle gradations through the Ha/iplide, ricinus tina, and Lebiina. Although a perfect classification has not been arrived at (this indeed is impossible, many of the tribes being closely connected in __ directions, yet widely apart in others), yet the system adopted = inthe book before us shows many advantages over the former ones, | and we can but welcome it as more reer than ee we have noe id. eee Several , the records for which ase doubetud (eg bister - roeselt, Hister sinuatus, ete. )s have been removed from. the place they ha = d in onr lists. end under the betty of Doubtful Species,” whilst such species as _Carabus auratus are also collected under the heading of ‘ Introduced : = ges’ and the Stylopidz are removed to the end under the title 2 togh ‘Abnormal: ee vec wee many?) formerly reckoned as varieties, of speci es, whilst, in a few oe. 3 342 NOTES AND NEWS. Great care is shown in its compilation, and we can safely say that it is bound to supersede all other catalogues now in use, and the time is far distant when it will be, in its turn, superseded by another. assification is, in a great measure, identical with that ee. sg ‘ just secsived. There is no doubt that these five volumes have done, and are still doing, much to foster the study of Coleoptera, and to draw Entomologists from the well-trodden paths of Lepidoptera to these, comparatively speaking, neglected ones.—W. F. B. NOTES AND NEWS. The Liverpool retinas Field _ er? a Puy at of the ‘ Flora < he Liverpool District,’ Nt ge appear er the able editorship of Robert Brown, if pear Eel | disoeiagbatee be ofr, the a not to exceed a aSer a ct A promising feature in E —_ geology is the wide interest taken, during recent years, in the phenomena of glaciation, leading to the undertaking of joint hes by geo! husiasm is Proceedings ion, by Mr. A. R. Dwerryhouse, and some useful reviews of rece! nt prtcn, Iiterature. U the editorship of Mr. P. F, Kendall, F.G.S., of the toiesnp College, ‘magazine may be expected to have a Propecia career before We have received from our friend Mr. Edward E. Prince, BA., F. F.LS., who has now taken up his duties as Commissioner of Fisheries for the ae 5 ae a -ali Society of Glasgo ist,’ he gives a sketch of the e scientific life and career of Prof. W. C. ng Saye | E.RS Oe distingui occupant of the lchaie of Natural History at St. A SE oe ita Seca : We are indebted to Mr, William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, who is or useful work in microscopical photography, more especially of picid | oS sabject rene copy of a paper on the * Reproductive Pa eoa of Bulimus acutus,’ reprinted from the — Microscopical Society’s Annual Report for 1892 and illustrated by a plate of exceptionally fg con 5 a gpes figures gf 3 Mr. Me: co-author, Mr. F. We vo —— is not preserved i in the reprint. ap leased to note the annou ouncement of the a ee a ee at attention. The 16t! oth chagtes steed Wak the ‘Flom of Littond dale,’ written a valued contributor to the ‘ Naturalist,’ the Rev. W. A. Shuffrey, M.A., who is now Vicar of Arncliffe. A ateal ‘to be given of pe calceolus, the plant w ouch Aetidpaes bora» vas fc eaten be act : oe 343 DESMID NOTES. W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S., Leeds. THE forms of which I append brief descriptions are all British, and as such may be found to possess some interest for our micro- botanical friends. They are mostly from collections made by my friend Mr. J. Harbord Lewis, F.L.S., whose gatherings contain other apparently novel Desmidiee. The collections were made 1885-8, and the little plants mentioned would have been, but for continued illness, long ago described by me. Purely scientific description is deferred. All the figures, except otherwise stated, are x 500. 1. Euastrum cambrense n. sp. A form apparently between £. erosum Lund. and £. dinale (Turp.) Ralfs, from which it differs in the markings, and in the peculiar horn-like upper lateral processes, in front view; the side view also differs, Long. 32, lat. 20, lat. isth. 5, cr. 9°5 #. Dolbadarn, J.H.L. 2. Euastrum snowdoniense n. sp. Form with rotundo- truncate angles ; 3 small ventral inflations ; membrane thick Long. 31, lat. 20, lat. isth. 6°5 ». Snowdon, J.H.L 3- Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ralfs. A tiny form of thie species, from the last habitat. Long. 12, lat. ro, isth. 3°5 mw. 4- Eaustrum webbianum f. major Turn. (Fr. Alg. ‘Ind. t. xxii, f. 4). This, the larger form, is in an old slide, mounted about 1851 by the late Henry Webb. The basal angles and incurved sides render this very distinct. Long. 6: int max. 28-42; — Q-Ir pf. Cronies ies Birmingham, H.W. Fig. x 400 : 5. Euastrum crassicolle? baad fora The smaller one _ “seems certainly to appertain to this species, but the apical incision of the larger one dona the markings, however, and _ “the lateral sinuations, correspond. Long. 18, lat. 11, isthe = 3°5 #, and long. 22, LG 13 a isth. 5 PB ices Llyn Badan, ). Ei. ee 6 Euastrum dieigticdeii, n. sp.? without being too technical, and so (vith the addition of an — it siti be consulted with ne gr Mn W, H. ore of No, 3, The Polygon, Eccl ire, is preparin are eon ati gee Pir mares pa been oa Hepatic, and i in wat want of recor ahhnahoe in the London C of 1881. — ir power (0 asist him will do so. 303 Bn Wemoriam. GEORGE BROOK, F.L.S. ‘In illo viro tantum robur et corporis et anima fuit ut, quocunque loco esset, fortunam sibi facturus videretur.’—Lrvy. How appropriate these burning words of the historian eid originally written of Cato (the greater) are to the subject of Short memoir will be apparent to all who knew him; but 2 those who knew him intimately and rejoiced in his fiiendship they commend themselves with much greater force. Whilst deeply regretting his early death in the very prime and vigour of his manhood, we can only reap the barren comfort that much as he had already accomplished, his strength both of mind and body were such as would have carried him forward to even more brilliant conquests in the future. A careful and conscientious observer, an indefatigable worker, possessed of faculties which enabled him to overcome difficulties and to obtain a clear view of any subject upon which his energies were concentrated, he was bound to attain to a higher position in the scientific world, even than that he had reached ; and he was endeared to his many friends by his genial disposition, his kindly g good nature, __ the knowledge he possessed to those who consulted him. Born on the 18th March, 1857, at Huddersfield, George Brook was only thirty-six years of age at the time of his death on the _ Tath August, 18 93- Her ti t Mr. Wood’s es — at Lindow Pree soar Edge, i in Sec and afterwards : geology ot biog | etc., wiles . Prof, W_C. Williamson, ERS. and other After completing his a education, he joined his father in the peeepesied basins which he _ €arried on as a worsted coating manufacturer; in this he was - €ngaged for many years, but his natural bent seemed to be a _ and more towards biological science, which he followed heel co oe : Jeisure hours at this period with no inconsiderable success. _ On the rgth June, 1875, he was elected Hon. Sec. of ‘the : : Huddersieta Naturalists’ Society, which post he held until the end 7 of 1876, and during this period he contributed two exceeding! : rsh pres | to Beri sean on ‘The bgt a of ou : : oe 354 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE BROOK. with Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, on the occasion of the conversion of the old West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’ Society into the wider ‘ Union,’ a post which he held continuously until the end of 1881. Somewhere about the year 1878 or 1879 the late Mr. Jas. W. Davis, F.L.S., whose lamented death during the third year of his Mayoralty of Halifax occurred only a few weeks before that of Mr. Brook, invited a few scientific friends to his house, and then and there Messrs. Davis, Wm. Cash, F.G.S., George Brook, F.L.S., W. Percy Sladen, F.L.S., C, P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., and John Stubbins formed themselves into a ‘close club,’ calling themselves the ‘ Bios,’ for the more careful study of biological science and the problems connected with the life of both animals and plants, the meetings being held monthly at each other’s houses—a union which was always pleasant, agreeable and instructive, and was only broken up about 1886, owing to several of the members having left the vicinity. In the early part of 1878 a disease appeared on the Salmon in ~ the rivers Eden, Esk, and others, and Mr. Brook having received _ a diseased fish, sent for the writer of this memoir to assist him in ‘the investigation of the disease, which was found to be caused by a micro-fungus, Achlya (Saprolegnia). Mr. Brook read a paper — on the. subject before the oe Scientific Club, which was — published i Edinburgh,’ rzth June, 1879, in reply to one published in the same journal by Mr. A. B. Stirling. S About Christmas, 1884, Mr. Brook, having eS from ie | father’s business, received a scientific appointment under the Scottish > -d from this post in. 1887. During this eriod also received the. appointment of Lecturer on Edinburgh University, which. he held until his deatt other papers published by him in various scienti elo Hat De ae Bayra ruhbdn ; of London (*2 al UNRECORDED ALIENS FOR NORTH LANCASHIRE. 355 institution. The first and only volume he lived to complete, a fine quarto illustrated from photographs taken by himself, was on the large genus of the Madrepora, which has only just been issued, and will be a lasting memorial of his labours—labours which another hand must now complete. Of his private, well-arranged aquarium, built in his father’s grounds for the purpose of fish-culture and the study of the development of the crustacea, space will not permit of more than this passing mention. In Mr. Brook science mourns a master and we a friend.—C. P. H. NOTE—BOTANY. Unrecorded Ali Lancashire.—During the summer the undermentioned plants were found at Grange-over-Sands. In no — can tha oe that they have yet been recorded for this district. The peg: of * cress’ is necessarily small, but mustard is on record f r Westmorland - a Corydalis lutea (DC.). Ona wall, outside a garden, Grange. Srassica alba (Boiss.). Onshore bank. Shore end of Crown Pier, Grange. eG Aas sativum (L.). Shore end of Crown Pier, Grange. Both | garden acer petroselinum (Benth.). Garden Parsl ws Shore bank near ee of Course escaped ; also shore bank near Barrow (1888). A garden outcast. Waste ground, Barrow (1888 : _ Gnothera biennis (L.). Waste ground in Cart art Lane, near nea Bank. A garden escape.—L. PEITY, Bortree Stile, Dgtenes i November, 183 — 1 NOD ES AND NE Ws. _ The obituary list of g eologists i is this year a long one. To the names already oe we must = of Mr. Edward Charlesworth, F.G.S., whose de se at eis ae be k wi ly d ve cere oo oe ‘Sheffeld has lost. usefl worker in Mr. deme ty, 265, — . ert: b aged 62 _e was an xe NOTES—BIRDS. i —An immature example of the Little Gull (Lavras minutus) was shot on the hack. between Beeston and Nottingham, on Nov. 8th. It is worthy of note that a species which is far from common on our coasts should occur alee within twelve months so far inland. Readers of ‘ The Naturalist’ will remem that a specimen was obtained on the Trent last istmas.—F. B. co peepees Beeston, Notts, 16th November, 1893. _ Flamborough Bird-notes.—The other day my attention was drawn to mense quantities of sea-birds south of the Headland. Taking aoe fekdgiss rearry e them for miles, cae inside the Smithie Buoy, and to they must have aye saat young fish. I could eggs tly see sven pleted (Sula bassana), G ion. spp-)> = Kittiwakes (Rissa trid factyla). ie shermen inform me ac have seen immense floc Hh of og hig sherk eta ae fi: Guillemots (Lomvia eared trey orgy ‘ie coast severe weather which has brought several ae from og ge ar north gees one poor Tittle i he pretty ones i mbers arvensis), Thrushes (Bi uraius mscu Blackbirds ta mera, oy hala, ee paneer! have arrived on the Hea my this — ring I a large flock oe Lapland ies Bek. Trius ladpanice us) in a a aibhne field, n neat to the Flamborough Head Lighthouse.— MATTHEW BAILEY, — Flamborough, N v. Toth, 1893. oo Gon t at N : t.—Considerable interest has been aro at Newark ity Base appearance of a oman (Phalacrocorax carbo) on the ty spire of the parish church. The bird was first observ: e pearance it rested on its lofty perch for a stretch of eighteen hout taking food. It now regularly flies, at certain times of the oe to the Trent, — near Averham Weir, where it has often been observed feeding. Popular alent ye credits the story is the d example which was : (357 BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT, SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1893. JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., Great Cotes, R.S.O., Lincoln. THE glorious weather of the last summer and autumn, so seldom experienced in our country, and specially distinguished by an unusual amount of sunshine and absence of moisture, has had a marked influence on the movements of migratory birds on the east coast of England. The breeding season in high northern latitudes was earlier and most favourable throughout for the rapid growth and maturing of the young; the southern movement was accelerated and also carried forward under the very best met 1 conditions which scarcely varied for weeks and months. There has been an absence altogether of heavy gales and adverse winds ranging from N.W. to S. E., and instead, more or less anti-cyclonic periods, or gentler Niles, have prevailed from southerly or westerly quarters, with complete absence of thick heavy weather and rain storms. In © fact, a more favourable time for the passage of birds has seldom _ Occurred, with the result that the migrants have gone direct to their destination, probably moving at a great height, so that the chances of observation were much lessened. Those ornithologists who have > had the most frequent opportunities of visiting the coast, agree that there has been, compared with other seasons, everywhere during the _ autumn, a great dearth of bird life. : much the same conditions appear to have prevailed in Se Boles Mr. Gitke, in a letter dated Sept. 24th, says, wtih _ two exceptions, the season has been a blank.’ On a roth, Ce __ he writes, ‘My garden swarmed with Pied Flycatcher (Museie at, clear, and warm.’ -but that day the wind was E. by S., lig! as seen never before Ar ae musicus less and coming be a a nisus, young ; : and during the night great many Checmirtss, 2 we less Sylvia phenicurus, and some Sylvia al on young ee - Again, on Sept. 17th, ‘There was, early in the morning and oe oo forenoon great masses of Turdus torquatis, in flights from 100 to 200, oe aan agen UmMentUs, and ‘other “ ‘long-legs,” passing — the light- oe een ke : N. Ae Ww. faint’ I 5 wind was. first ONO, in the meres some fe eo co 358 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. In compiling the following notes I have eee been indebted to Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall, Mr. Fe Hewetson, of Leeds, and to both these gentlemen r wish to express my best thanks. Cuculus canorus. Cuckow. June 25th and 26th. On these ys I saw at least twenty between Easington and Kilnsea, evidently on the move south. All were adults and I think, with one exception, males. At least they all appeared the same size except one which was decidedly less. On August rath, several young Cuckows were seen in the same locality. Numenius phzopus. Whimbrel. July 26th. First recognised on migration by their familiar call passing from N.E. to S.W., and at a great height. On 31st were very numerous on the Lincolnshire coast. Squatarola helvetica. Grey Plover. July 31st. A flock on the Lincolnshire coast. August 31st. Several on the mle . near the Spurn with black breasts. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. August 12th. Two in saan summer plumage shot by Mr. H. R. Hewetson at the Spurn. 21st. A few seen on the shore near Tetney Haven. Totanus canescens. Greenshank. August rzth. First seen on Yorkshire coast. October1sth. Isawa few onthe mud-flats . in Kilnsea Bay, recognised by their flight and cry. — a Tringa canutus. Knot. August 31st. Sixteen young birds : shot from flocks near the Spurn by Mr. H. R. Hewetson. On _ _ September 29th, Mr. H. B. Hewetson observed an immense flight ee of Knot and Dunlin a bow from Kilnsea ie ‘to ‘considerably seaward | of the sea- _ beacon on. ie coast, probably a mile from flank to flank followed for an hour by succeeding flocks of many hundrec _ The flight was, very low, only _ clearing the telegraph r 15th I saw enormous ict se the muds near _-Kinsea with Dunlin — other shore-birds. oo . + se “plumage shot by Mr. G. HL Caton Haigh, near Donss Nook. | This i is - tong — - have s seen killed on the coast at ie CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 359 Sterna dougalli. Roseate Tern. September 9th. One was — een hee Mr. Hewetson and others when boating near the Sask ean uata. Curlew Sandpiper. September oth. Shot near the Spurn Sterna fluviatilis a S. macrura. Common and Arctic Terns. In August and September, reported as extraordinarily abundant at sea, and also along the coast. I am told a professional tern-slayer shot six hundred near the Spurn ; the wings only were taken to sell to the plume dealers. It was a brutal and cruel slaughter of harmless and charming creatures to pander to a senseless fashion. Unfortunately, for the future of the Sea-Swallow, all appeals made to the fair sex on the subject, although not without effect, have so far been ineffectual to prevent this unnecessary cruelty and wrong. Anthus obscurus. Rock Pipit. September 21st. First seen _ On migration on Lincolnshire coast. On October 26th, I saw a few on the Tetney and North Cotes fitties ; these appeared to be referable to the A. rupestris of Professor Nilsson, the Common Rock Pipit of the Lincolnshire coast in the autumn. Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit. September 23rd. Many . Were noticed by Mr. Haigh along the same coast. Xema sabini. Sabine’s Gull. September 25th. Mr. Haigh shot a young bird of the year close to the mouth of Saltfleet Haven. It fell into the sea, but shortly reviving, flew out so_ far that it was not recoverable. Totanus fuscus. Dusky Redshank. September 17th. One _ was shot by Stubbs of Tetney. This bird was kindly presented to me by Mr. Haigh. It is presumably a bird of the year, and a Rael mroticd dans ae! brown on the under surface ¢ . is . - = : . Machetes pugeex” Re eve. September pig One "which se oe - ; saw was shot near Cleethorpes, about this date. Charadrius pluvialis. — Golden Plover. eS First young birds obtained. October bith. Some: k oe ae about - date. September | ye The first really —— : . , oe ‘rush’ 0 migrants on the t Coast was observed ee Hoek on this day. leg pn S., thick and wet. © oe Lapwings at short intervals all day very high, direction W. Larks: hares in hanes g fying low to SW. ‘Blue Tits — S 360 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. This grand old shelter fence is conspicuous at a great distance, and is the first cover that small birds make for when coming to land across the North Cotes ‘fitties’ from the sea. Both the Blue Tit and Great Tit have been very common in our coast districts, also a few Coal Tits. At Kilnsea, on the Yorkshire side, a few ‘ Pilots’ (egudus cristatus) were seen on the 28th, and the first Woodcock (Sco/opax rusticula) at the Spurn. On the 27th Mr. Haigh noticed great flights of Greenfinches (Zigurinus chloris) on the stubbles at Tetney, and on the 29th the country about Easington and Kilnsea swarmed with them. Mr. Hewetson writes :—‘I never saw such a migration of Green Linnets in my life, there were thousands in the lanes and in our garden, and during the time I was watching them there was an enormous immigration overhead, from the sea—countless clouds—one cloud at a great elevation ; mere specks—and a lower stratum, quite distinct from the others, coming in at the same time, flying S.W. I have only seen locusts come in such quantities. I believe to a bird they were all Green Linnets.’ On October 14th, when shooting at Easington, I found the fields still swarming with Greenfinches. Passer domesticus and P, montanus. House and Tree © Sparrows. October 9th. Mr. Haigh noticed large numbers of both on coast, the former much the most numerous. ~ Corvus poadaors and C. frugilegus. Carrion Crow and Rook. - October 9th. Mr. Haigh writes :—‘These have been ‘comming, : in for some days, but no Grey Crows yet.’ I have recently an opportunity of — examining a on series of bird skins : collected during many years by Mr. Haigh from the Lincoln- shire coast, and I think there is yet much interesting work to be done in determining the races or varieties of some of on _ common birds in respect to their migratory movements and geographical distribution. Thus, for instance, we certainly hav two Starlings, our common Engli ish bird and that purple-headed _ eastern race which comes in October and leaves again it the” late spring. Then there are two Rock Pipits, the British at the Scandinavian forms. So also at least two races of Snow. _ Buntings, a larger and a smaller, and apparently a light and a dark variety, a colouration which is distinguishable alike 17 : old and young. — Larks. also vary much in size, and those which — . arrive on the east coast in satan: are uniformly darker on the CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM-THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 361 All these variations, however, require to be carefully worked out, and conclusions can only be arrived at after an examination of a large series of skins. Turdus iliacus. Redwing. October oth. A few have come in. Phalaropus hyperboreus. Red-necked Phalarope. Oct. 4th. One, which I subsequently saw, was shot by Stubbs at Tetney. Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. Oct. roth. One seen in Grainsby Park. October 18th, Wind N., first flight; Skeffling, Kilnsea, Holmpton were the chief places, but not Spurn. A few also on Lincolnshire coast. Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. October 15th. I sawa few on the wing between Easington and Kilnsea. Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. October 15th. One on the beach near Kilnsea. On the 16th, Mr. Hewetson noticed a flock of ten when crossing the Humber in his boat. November ist to 4th, ‘rush,’ great many flocks. Corvus cornix. Grey Crow. October 18th, first seen ; several near Kilnsea ; great many first week in November. Emberiza miliaria. Common Bunting. October r4th. When shooting to-day, I put up some large flocks from stubbles at Easington. Sturnus vulgaris. Starling: bicttibes 26th. Out of about twenty shot from migratory flocks on the coast or in the fields near Tetney and North Cotes and Grainthorpe, all except one were the purple-headed or eastern form. _ Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. October 28th. I saw one _. on a manure-heap near sare the only one I have ever seen Peta genie i 8 lalaropus fulicarius. Grey Phalarope. — “October — : Oe was | killed by Stubbs at Tetney. : Toleas. sishate. Purple Sandpiper. October gist One a a eet, at Grainthorpe on the Lincolnshire coast. - Corvus fi - Rook. - November ond. Mr. Haigh wiies : ‘ There hie Sakis the heaviest rush of Rooks I can remember. _ This morning on going to the coast I found them coming in _ from the East in large straggling flocks without intermission. — ‘Till about 3 p.m. the flocks were never out of sight, but from : ‘Ss p.m. = dusk _ were not so frequent. Stubbs told me they ee (in 2s etl i. that a young bird of jens rossi was shot and lost in| 362 AGROTIS SAUCIA, ETC., AT HUDDERSFIELD. To-day, November 3rd, the flight was nearly over, but Rooks were still arriving in small straggling flocks, or odd birds; of Pewits I only saw two or three larger flocks.’ I saw immense flocks of Rooks here on the stubbles on the evening of November ist. Geese. Nov. 3rd. Mr. Haigh saw a flock of about 200 come in from the east of Grainthorpe. November 7th. At Great Cotes, about eighty in flock flying east at daybreak. A large Eagle has been repeatedly seen near the Coast- guard Station at Grainthorpe during the latter part of October and early in November ; it is probably a young Sea-Eagle. Linota linaria. Mealy Redpoll. November 6th. A few at Easington. One shot from a small flock. Some Woodcock same day. Wind N. n a subsequent letter, under date of November gth, Mr. Gatke — : says, ‘Ornithological news there is next to nothing to be told from here. The weather has been too bad, stormy winds from the west and north-west, with deluges of rain varied by showers of hail. But all this October through there have been almost daily some Wood- _ cocks and Blackbirds. These two have an inherent defiance of — wind and weather, for they turn up under so adverse aspects that ee nonady teen’ anything about the ways of birds would fancy a feather tring. For instance, on the first of this: month, ee 7 vies it blew ae from the west and north-west, accompanied by rain, two hundred Woodcock and perhaps double that number oF Blackt irds were captured. Robins, Leaf-warblers, and “Accentors and the like, scarcely any ene the autumn. . . . Alauda alpestris scarcely any. . . . There remains scarcely < - rough to follow in a small boat; described | as Kittiwake, but smaller, having a youd tail, a very. sma and reddish feet. It was. wounded and staggered away ¢ _ into 0 rough water. ‘The men in the the — are e all oomert acq qu 363 trie YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE AND ITS SEVENTH YEAR’S WORK. THOMAS TATE F-G.S., Leeds; Hon, Sec. to the Yorkshire Bouider Commtttee. THE special sub-committees organised or projected, as intimated in our last report, have prosecuted their labours, in the main, satis- factorily during the past year The annual meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union being held last November at Huddersfield, advantage was taken thereof to start a sub-committee for exhaustively exploring the Holme and Colne Valleys, two tributaries of the Calder. After a very careful examination of the river-gravels, the Hon. Sec., Mr. Joseph Field, reports that they ‘have failed to find an Erratic boulder in the whole _ distance from the water-shed of the Pennine to the junction with the Calder,’ a conclusion entirely in harmony with the observations Of several members of this Committee. The investigation of the main valley of the ‘Cader is being prosecuted with vigour. The reports from the river-head and its upper waters have not yet come in. Mr. James Spencer, Halifax, has supplied a valuable series of personally collected specimens from a ease tine saan Bridge, North Dean, Elland and Mirfield, fi , this Committee. — a es Berets ionally good w work has been done by Mr. John Burton, _ Horbury, iai patiently following the excavations necessary for the oy Horbury new sewage works, has collected several. hundreds" of ope __ typical boulders foreign to this water-shed. oe. _ Avaluable e report from Mr. Chas. W. Peet, Wakefield, cece. | the: valley from Thornes to ‘Stanley, completes our account of the Yorkshire C _aceompanying this report are all of small size, Se mee 004 ‘mainly along the banks of the river, no excavations ble. _ The distribution of these erratics is probably to ecabiy ae eon Elland to Wakefield Heath. Wherever excavations ve Tee a - ae executed, | as at Dewsbury and Horbury, the gravel-bed- bas been found to be continuous. |The drainage and the gas-works, at the former plac coved t is bed over an area exceeding two ‘square — 2 a a alder, nearly to its junction with the Aire. Thespecimens 364 TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. the bottom not reached. Its thickness at Savile Town and Heath- field varied from 15 to 20 feet without finding a base. At all these stations, towards the bottom of the gravel bed, a fair proportion of the Buttermere granophyres ranged up to 18 or 20 inches in length. About Elland the gravels do not exceed g or 1o feet in thickness, while local sinkings west of Wakefield Heath, about Thornes, have shown the gravel-bed to have a thickness of from 34 to 40 feet. Excluding local rocks, the Buttermere granophyres are by far the most important; next come the Eskdale granites, after these rank the Borrowdale andesitic ashes and lavas, the devitrified phyolites pees rae with the Coniston ner oS ae es in es the present, we may say, ampl Scottish rock, nor of Carrock Fell, Byeae Hill, Boris rhea Armboth, or Shap rock has been identified in the Calder Valley. An efficient exploration of Holderness, with especial reference to _ the distribution of Scandinavian erratics, was initiated last February under a strong local sub-committee, with Mr. J. W. Stather, F.G.S., d rie out, and it is not intended that any report should be presented until ae at least some well-defined area is complete d. i The work of the Map sub-committee is not so advanced as was — eatiespabed: By the removal of their mapper, Mr. Chas. Brownridge, -A.M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., to Birkenhead, delay became inevitable. Fortunately the benefit of his experience is retained, as he continues his connection with this committee. However, a section of our new Yorkshire Glacial Map, embracing one horizontal strip from Todmorden to Spurn Point, was submitted to the glacialists attend- ing the Nottingham meeting, showing how we — to i = a the mapping of the Yorkshire erratics. eS ing their attention to the area aroun ae Barnsley, upon which they hope to report next year, and se wi —— any local help that is available. — aoe ce During the past year the following « erratics Hive esis record . ss alee! by the Rev. Wa. R. Bett, Laithhirk Vicarage, Midileton-in Teesdale All in the Parish of Laithkirk. ‘Suar Grantre BOULOEES ~ TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 365 an re) ce) 6. North a of field near — 7: 8. West abs Road S., ire Hill — a 900 WHINSTONE BOULDERS. g. Near Greengates, in Lune... ee dis fio GOO to. In Middle Park, in Lune .. wn ves 75° 11. Near East Field, south side a livhway os , SOO Remarks :— No. 1. By highway, north side, embedded in the ground; of considerable size ; smooth ; no striz. No. 2. In the middle of Lune, large cubical block two or three tons weight probably ; } corners worn off ; no strize. No. 3. In the Lune below the church, 3 ft. 6 in.x1 ft. 7 in. x 2 ft. 6 in., smooth ; corners worn off. | No. 4. Rochon near No. 3, good size, cubical, corners worn off. No. 5. Formerly near No. 3, fragments still existing. No. 6. In Hind’s field near Lunebridge, north side, embedded in ground, now in the Park, Middleton-in-Teesdale ; nearly two tons on weighing machine No. 7. Close to No. 6, larger, blasted by the farmer, fragments still to be seen. a No. 8. Very similar to No. 2; blasted a shox: time ago ‘and : fragments now used. as copings of the ¢ Rose and oven garden wall. 7 Nos. 9 and ro are very large blocks chubecided in the soil, and No. 11 is a cubical mass with angles rounded off. A few small Shap boulders may be seen in private grounds. a : P.S.—It is a very curious fact that all the Shap Granite boulders found i in this district occur only i in the valley of the Lune. — _ Supposin been 1 in on ice from Shap Sell, the mountainous ridge forming the boundary between Yorkshire _ and Westmorland (Lune Street), at least 1,532 feet high, would have : a ws be crossed, and as the mountain ridge between Lune Valley and oS oe Tees Valley, in its eastern part, does not rise near so high, it might Ce __ be supposed that a few boulders would find their Mend here and. — oS Le into Teesdale. : ae ee solid iy Ms. W. Gres, FCS, ey ee 1.—On seabig® Farm, Tanfield, three miles horn. nee ee joulder, 32 x 28x 39 in., embedded about oe ongest axis S.E. about parallel with top S.E. and N.W.; about 300 ft iB g& nu PE He 2 B phy oF CHESHIRE. hy for oe 116-137 5 a uk a Seren new "British. ‘Ben Ne see, Geo eee Fungus Flora, vol. Ey 25 p yOu. 2,1 Mello, Rev. J. youn —Geology of Derbyshire, ed. 2, 340. Mills, née “Toirotution to Study of Diat : Mills, jpeg ~The Life of a Foxhound, — oF J Mills, John.—Science and Art Tech ee ee ich 18935 ie Mitchell, F. S.—Bi of second edition, 1 Nature-Lover, The, No. I, 324- C Newton, Alfred. —Dictionary of Birds, a part 1, 252; part 2, 324. i Painter, W. H.—Botany of Biddulph, 54- Rochdale Lit. and a — tions for 1891-2 = Saunders, Edward. — The Heteroptera of the British Islands, Sharp, D., and W. W. Fowler. “Catalogue of B British Coleoptera, 341. oe Speight, H.—The Craven and BW oenies” Neieal Selection, 247: ae Stoddart, Thomas Tod.—Angler’s - o panion, 3rd erica 2 221. ae ok vaca —Melanism and Melanochroism, brewing F. B.—The — of Derby oe shire Portrait of T. 2 Moore, 49. | Portrait of G. W. Shrabssl, 556 > cvis, 1145 deaths a _Heniptee - CLASSIFIED INDEX. CUMBE 375 RLAND. Bibliography for 1890, 116-137; | logical maps for Cumberland, 208 ; Lake Crest Northern Diver and Purple Heron | __ Country rocks microscopically described t oe (W. Hodgson), 4 (T. Tate), 247- . Chiff-chaff, etc., in the fake District | Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1890, {F.B. Whitlock k), 210. | __§79-202. * Bibliography for ee -QI, 21 | Mammalia: Bibliography for 1889-1891, ine ing Botanical ‘Waite 59-74. shapers land (L. Pett 4 oe: | Ne europtera and T. eae Biblio- Plan of S.W. Comberland(id ei I poe graphy for 1888- 1892, 30: 2- sh oe bn oom near Penrith (J.C. Pe Notices Wollaston Donation mith), 264; Convallaria majalis < — to J. bs Gogachild, 865 ‘* papers _ Stanley Gill, a correction nies Petty), 280. | Cum Geology, I; Geology and : Biblio- iL Friend's t cit on British ice and i a for 1892, 267- =e ig as District | _—_~Earth- Worms, ocks in Yorkshire glacial drift (J. | Worms: Check-List of British Earth- Speen, 753 recently published Geo- | worms (H. Friend), 17-20. DERBYSHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 116-137; J. M Mello’s Geo! of Revie ew - Whitlock and Hu pchinson's [ Shine. seoseed eat tion, p. oe ued ‘Birds of Derbyshire’ oe Cordes), idoptera : Piblicgghes for 1890, 177- 206-208 ; Lesser White | 202; Variety of Triphena pronuba well, ole! Little Grebe i: esti | _ Dovedale (R. South), 332. Hammer ~~. = warth) sh _M ia: entatie for 1889- 1891, Coleo us C¢ inus in 62-74. Derbyshire (W. W. Fawn en), 203 Soronia Neur and Ty: Biblio- punctatissima at Repton (Id.), 1 eS | graphy for feos Biba : Bibliography for1888- 1891,22 a : Death ah off. T . Harris, Geo and P; fo. 24; con ag TE wers and LG. graphy for 1892, 266-279; notice of cane robium rufipenne ; A j | Wells on ‘Plants of irish, Aran, 17> DURHAM. : Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 115- 55 en Bibliography for on « 179- . Diptera: Bibli Rlogeaidey he 1888-1891, 21- | oe 24. | iMecemiin: Bibliography for 1889-1891, “ee eee Biblio- | BP la — ae a graphy for 1892, 268-27 europtera and Trichoptera : ee | graphy for 1888-1892, Scheie en ee , LANCASHIRE. eo aa : Bibli " for I 115-1 7 3 : jaangelus gone N sippy, nook ge 3 3, Se tack : _ Murray), 172; : ; i Of Leck : Second ‘Editi : z ie a Binds of | 4 —. (I — b 373-174 5 oe 2 oon 210. ggasi a for. ange 265-2797 Glaciation — Soronia Oetationimnn at | _in Lancashire (J. Spencer), 75. oo Stretford iw. W. "Fowler 138; Lath- $ Bibliography fr 1890, pe a ono ae C cain) a ee Wi on (J. Co 24; Variety oe eae —————— (R. Le 376 CLASSIFIED INDEX. LAN CASHIR E—continued. Venus mercenaria to the Mersey (E. Howarth), 5 Personal Notices: Mt cr Moore (E. Howarth), sas 34 an por- | trait) ; thorpe (Wy F. baker se =a6r a ag en plaremiag at W oodhall (W. EF er), 3 ‘Birds: bibliography for — foliage _ Hom ict . Cordeaux), 103- soca paces. abe uth (R. yok names ook (J. A. co incolnshire the» ie Cordes 308; Birds od about Woodhall a ae g.¢ Walter Rael Fird-notes from | : the Humber Summer and | _ nancy : (we w. "Komen 2 2533 Beetles observed | by L.N.U. at Woodhall Spa (W. F._ : Baker), a 314. Larder), (Ww. W. bbeokdye 258; Lemna trisulca and at ocharis morsus-ranc there also (F. W Fierke ), 259; inosissima in Lincolns hire (J. Cited 264 ; mollis, ete, in North : lants observed : (E. A. W. Peacock), 311; An Account of some of Rarer Plants of Spilsby (J- T- urgess), nas 3, Geology and Serres graphy for 332, 2 27: ary L.N.U. (F. M 254- a Whistler), a Geological Observations b L.N.U at Woodhall (F. M. mages 309: gil. a at ‘Woodhall Spa (W. F. Baker 7 a 890, 184- 7 ory : Bibliogta ort e Wee ; cal ‘Lincolnshire : B for 1888. 1,21-24. Louth HL. WwW Pome: “gy pierre ead es Biblio : Spa CLASSIFIED INDEX. 377 LINCOLNSHIRE—continued. Reptiles and Amphi sare Natterjack at Mablethor (W. F. Nese ie 253; Amphibians poe ay de Mablethorpe iW, #8 ae Soci Proje ee emt to aad feo 172; Formation of a Lincoln- | shire Naturalists’ Union (W. F. Ceca 253-261; Linc. N. ; Lim at Woodhall so a F. Ba ker), poe a oophytes and Polyzoa: somes and beige at Skegness (J. Burtt Davy), ISLE. OF (MAN. Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 116-137. Mammalia: Bibliography for 1889-1891, Diptera : Bibliography for 1888-91, 21- 60-74. and i : Biblio- Gocegy and ee. Biblio-~ al and for Rane 88-1892, 301-303. graphy for 1892, 266-279. : G. W. Lamplugh on Lepi —— : Bibliography for 1890, the Dewalt of th the fe Cendouenl Survey in the 178-20. | Isle of Man, 114. NORTHUMBERLAND. Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 115-137; Bibliography for 1889-1891, Coquetdale and Harhottle Bird. notes | _(F B. Whitlock), 83-35. | Mammalia: 60-74 ; pore xe near Nottingham (J. W. Carr), 2 oronia a | " Northumberland (W. F matting —* oe . eB ron ‘Age 0 of ; the Clyde area, 1443 a se for 1888-1891, sic le ew Gonimophyllum, 160; | Linnean 1 Gold 3 Medal to Daniel oe: pe snarl Biblio- 371. rt ae a Soa, 267 Ee Bibiograpy for 1890, ioe | Worms: Check-List of British Earth- worms (H. Peice), 17-20. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 1 16-137 § Flowering Plants: Paris quadrifolia, Bird-not es from No otts, 1892-3 (F. ‘ near Retford je =) 112. a _ Whitlock), 85; Bird-notes from eoloe y= Biblio- | Notts for 180 graphy for 1803, oe 92; en ee : " WESTMORLAN D _Desmia Notes, with Pag of | es (W. ee 4 iblic for 1890, 116-137 + a ond editi a F BR : : Valley F V jock, i: x Lit ie Gall in Notts a. )y al ee . : cc io poet Cychr orms: eck bok as a worms (HE. Friend), 17-20. AND FU RNESS. . us rostratus near UL verston Cag Petty), III. ee = 1888- $1891, 378 CLASSIFIED INDEX. WESTMORLAND AND FURNES S—continued. 4: Carex limosa in Westmorland EC Smith), ~~ Paris quadrifoliawith = Westmorland (Id.), Unreco ns for North Tunes (Lister re pe Geology and Pines logy: Biblio- graphy = ioscing 267-279; Lake Country scopically described (T. rae a Popepencie bee gles Bs Bibliogranby for i Le Lobophora polycomm: eobius ope: at Windermere (G. Cicandion’ + ammialia : ieee for 1889-1891, Neows ; Neur choptera: Biblio- raphy for 1888-1 2, 30 Per criooal Notices oe e Petty’ ’s List of Grange and Arnside Plant. 114; Lister etty and Bibliography of North Lan- cashire Botany, 282. Worms: Check-List val Popes Earth- worms it Friend), 1 YORKSHIRE. Algz: Notes on the Fresh-water Algee of og the East Riding (W. West and G. obse 293; Desmid i Notes, with page of illus- trations (W. B arwell Turner), 343-347. Mos osley); 241-242. : Bibliography rt "ges woes! Bird-notes from rict in anson ne 3 am- Bird-notes (M. Bailey), 57, 80, h 171, 210, 323: 350; | Spotted Crake at Otterington near Driffield(W. | Hewett), rar Pia aues from Hum District in bona 1892-3 EE Condeaux), 102-106; Waxwing near Foster), 111 i White: oaaed Sp win Iderness, Addition to Yorkshir SEA rdea Ci E. ) "Records and Notes - Yor ris shire Galls, Additional resh Socket Coleoptera : Bostrichus capuchinus i Imported Timber at Hull (W. F. Beker: Beetles obse Moorside fiw c . Hey), 319. rustacea: Mic icroscopic life observed by ern (M. H. Stiles), 293- _ . 1888-1891, : : 21-24; ir s, Additional — Speciesand . yo Localities(' S. L. Mosley), : 241-242; Rhingia rostrata at Aysgarth oo (PB. H. Gri reseed Fishes: *“Gactyloptera at addition to the Fauna i” a eas 30h . Wes or m the Herbarium, S ohn Tae Pieh — Inf CLASSIFIED INDEX. 379 YORKSHIRE—continued. (W. C. Hey), 243; Gentiana amarella ~ and Euphrasia at Bridlington (Id.), -_ Ranunculus lingua near (W. ; eee 2513 Plants = bes N. U. at Askern (A. H 290 ; aa noted “by we ae U. at Kirkby niet gar (Id.), ef 9-320. Fun; ungi: Castle Howard “Fungi, a_Cor- rection Oe Crossland), 58; Fungi by VE. Ask (Cc (A. Harker), 1-4; _ sim Calderdale (J. Spencer), 75-79; York- shire pogo ommittee th year’ work (T, te), IOQ-III; the Voekaine Coast (E. Maule Cole), 42-144; the 4-mile Geological M East Yorkshire, 172; Geological obser- vations ma y, at Aysgarth Y- Ae Goodchild), 230-232 5 "Geology of W. U. _Seventh Year 7. , 363-368. H Work ( ate), 3 ae tional species wnat new ‘ocaliies Goi. | Mosley), 24 usoria : Microso observed by Y.N.U. at Asketk ee L Stiles), _ 292-29 3: Lepidoptera : pose soe ght for ate Sa he ‘Arctia gre aan er é om a monacha at Scarbo rough J. A: Clar elanic | : 243 a pane y (A. sc Hall), “ae ‘ne ‘sup: 5-22! arieties of optera (GT. Porritt and G. Jackson), | — tat observed by | — _Askern i SS “Corbett, |S atropos . a (T. Bunker), and at York, and Dri iffeld (W. ; to the of nest ap eae (H. - eae je 1 39:37 Lichen Flora (A. Shack! eton be? Thee Hebden), 165-171. Mammalia: Bi bliography for erie Neos 59-74; Otter at Hua ty. Cordeaus), bengal at pet owton Battlefield (R. Fortune), 112; rl ipon a Askern (R. ge harso Pig Mammals ) ,NLG Kirkby Moor- side (J. Farrah), 3 318. Mollusca: Six- banded Helix nemoralis at Adel near Leeds (W. W. D. Roebuck), | Molieach contectus still Li 315-316; Mollusca observed by ¥.0.Ue. at Kirkby M oorside (W. D. Roebuck), 318. ae Mosses: Systegium crispum at t Beverley o SRST J. Beet) . Askern (F. W. Fi reckon erie 380 4% YORKSHIRE—continued. ka after a beings and W. Barwell Turner, W. West eat a new British hepati Ben Nevis, 114; W. ects Pamigoty BULLS... 14: _ Mainsbridge elected F. ES. Gregson and J. W. Statherelecied Fe é. 8. I amplugh’s rs on CLASSIFIED INDEX. on the Life of Dr. McIntosh, 342; New pe gt Littondale by W. Bo oyd with List of Plants by pe Sy ry os Hall), 355 ; . Dresser’s New Mono- on the Geological Survey, 114; W. Bar graph of the Coraciidz, 371; Death well Turner’s East Indian Algz published of William Cheetham, 371; Botanical in Sweden, 138; R. H. Meade’s paper works by Mrs, ei A a. st, 372. on British Tachinide, 144; Valley in F. O. Morris, 160; Death of Dr. B. Winter (Ww. CH wae be Specimen Carrington, 160; Death N. Days on the Yorkshire Coast (WS Lancaster, 160; Obit moir of Hey), — WoC. LE (W. Gregson), 161-164; | Reptiles and Amphibi : Reptiles and E.G er’s papers on the Malvez, Amphibians observed by YN. cae: 172; John Hopkinson’s Presidential Aysgarth (R. Fortune), 224 ; hibians Address to the Hertfo shire N. etl Oak N. U.at ern (R. Fortune), Society, 172; Prof. L. C. Miall’s paper 293; hibians observed at Kirkby on Dicranota, 172; Moorside Farrah), 31 3 appointed to a post at “Herbarium, ransactions of Geo- — W. H. Hudleston’s Presidential ] nue m, 144; Yorkshire — Address to Geological Society, 208; Naturalists’ Union at Aysgarth (W. F. aper on Scottish Algze by W. West, 209; er), 224; Annual Meeting of Y. N.U. Deaths of G. R. Vine, J. W. Davis and = pre Find bee (W. D. Roebuck), 233- Geo. Brook, 282; Memo j. W. aay = ¥. NOU, at Asker ee “ 283-293 5 Davis (T.- Hick), 305-307; H. Speight Hull Geological eae : 1 on a new work on Nidderdale, . Holderness laciatic Ng Lees writing the botany for it, at Kirkby Moorside (W. F Taner), ;_ Forster’s Portrait vt 17-323. Z > 314; Obi Memo Jorms : agente of frritich Earth- of George Robert Vine (G. i Ving pag Worms (H. Friend), 17-20 ; Lumbricus 333-335; F. W. Fierke and Yorkshire rubesce Yorkshire — 298, se ane in 1893, 335; E. E. Prince - MISCELLANEOUS. Gastopods ee . Stainton, 45 yg Reeve’s series, 144.0 __ Wor: The Faculty of Food: Snting Po W- Kew), us ead), eee | 5-57; A New | Wats i Bryan's Pe om the oreak (1 17-203 ‘New Br of }, 295-300 ; Rosa on the Revision of the Lumbricidi (Friend) 35 Becca e extra), MONTHLY JOURN AL OF Natural History for t North of England. is io 8 ; OO = oO So e ena i <3 Oo 7 a} = oe ae Pere 3s Q. Sila | ie S , oD a = WITH THE — ANCE ik SPRCTAT. DEPA RTM ENTS. | or The NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. w. y. Jefie—Th Geology irral, and other Papers. [The Author. ‘Nat. Soc. Monty Cau, De 1892. - [The Socie! sie f Birds—2nd Ann. Repot, Sep. - Ce a Societ or id e Author. 2 useum—Report of T "13c = Malac logiqne te de Belgique eke acces, Sept. ‘ee {B foe. &C the cate al re Oo. ore, copa , Massee, ¢ MADAGASCAR! My Price List be sane HISTORY OBJECTS is at the service ices Gidinosibiy ‘reduced. ). of all the gratis post - free. ri Cieccudoace ¢ in French sat German { (English not unders : F. SIKORA, © eS Naturalist, Membre de la Société vaapateenees kang de France et ae la oe Société Gia ied ns 2 hurich, a ers aoa — ‘The authors ofthis etlogue may take sale ts their work, which has evidently 3 eer pp oor execu! ey have given principles ae Wiech eg bs cancer poi A pila lent of Yorkshire, and thes mmary of the results of their contribution to British zo: THE NATURALIST During the next few months tt is Aaped to insert the followings articles:— The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hvuserr Dacre. Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hopxirk, F.LS., and P. F. tan. List of Birds seen in South Kelsey parish, Lincs.—Rev. H. C. Brewster. A New British ‘Worm.—Rev. Hitperic Frienp; FLL-S: Losipeds - the Neighbourhood of Lake Ulswater._Wm. Hopcsox ology of Tennyson—Rev. J. G. Tuck, M.A it ona Memoir of His Inte. T. 2 Moore, C.M.Z.S.—E, Howaxru, F.RAS. West Lancs.—Lisrex Perry. _ = a : LS. Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1992.— Me B. Staten, FL ALLS: , Basinghall Street, Leeds = ri @ssrs, McCorquodale & Co, Limited doce anasto FP at Gd. each, by M Magazine will be boun upplied cloth case for 1s, Gd, (postage extra), dup in FEBRUARY 1893. ee H E No. 211. WAURALIs7 A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of England. EDITED BY WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., = Sunny Bank, Leeds; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPRCIAIL DEPARTMENTS OF , Ede CHAS. P. HOBKIRKE, F.L.S., GEO. T, PORRITT, ¥.1.S., F.E-S., W. EAGLE CLAREE, F.1.S.,M.B.0.U W. B. TURNER, F-CS., F-R.M-S. ALFRED HARKER, M.A.. F.G.S., Gonfents: West Yorkshire Records and Notes: from the Herbarium, Catalogues, etc., of the late Mr. John Tatham, of Settle—iPiiiiam Whitwell, PLS. 33-—40 The Ornithology of Tennysen—Aer. /udean CG. Tuck, Vie Ae mre ee 21-428 In Memoriam—T. J. Moore—E&. Howarth, F.R.AS. 650 eee 49-54 New British Worms—Fec. Hilderte Friend, PF L.3: os a 66—57 gg id “4 aes ja, 1889-7 TBST — He. Denis Pectnck. F. b. Ls. Goo e §9—64 Note—Marnma S y 22 a ae EE Mouth of the Humb me seme Condens, M. B00. : a seinen ee ea ee ee eae ST We. oy Poa Foe : Efatit Peace Be 2F E Pox 5 ee tS. q Nate Lt eer ee my. ee $ 2 Mote—Fuegt 8 ks pees eS 58 c Paneer one — Piincehowk : : te—Botany - : aces elenium i in Furness. z. Bald. — sorposed Sextoroush specimens of Lipa as, ee. Gen. 7 Powrit The NAIURALIST. ce Be BOOKS RECEIVED. It is requested that until further notice all Exchanges and Books sent for Review be addressed to ‘ The Editors of The Naturalist, Sunny as Mr. Percy H Grimshaw, having aceepted an appointment in the Edinburgh micina Wi sana and Art, is leaving Yorkshire. tbourne Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans. N.S., Vol. 2, Part 6, 1891-92. a Society- ig e Socie Peterborough N. H., etc., Soc.—-2ot nn. Report, 1892. ociety. ourn. of Conchology, Vol. 7,.No. 4, October, 1892. [ fae Society. Revue B ique, r9¢ Année, 1892, Nos. 5-6 [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, The Annals of Scottish Natural History, No. 5, January, 1893. he Editors. Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 7, Nos. 8, 15-18, ose Dez., 92. = ea . F. Dobrée. New York Microscopical Soc.—Journ., Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan ‘The Society- - Neptunia, Anno 2, No. 22, Ott., 1892. [Dr. David Levi- oe Redattore. ‘The Mediterranean Nat., Vol. 1, No. 19, Dec., 1892. . H. Cooke, editor. @ Essex Naturalist, Vol. 6, No. 11, Nov. 1892. - Essex Field Club. The Midland Naturalist, several Nos. to complete set. [Birmingham N.H.S. atural Science, Vol. 2, No. £1, Jan. 1893. {Macmillan & Co., Publishers. Die Schwalbe, Jahrg. 16, No. 24, Dec. 31, 1892. _ [Orn, Vereins in Wien. cience Gossip, No. 337, Jan. 1893. [ Messrs. aeaped & Windus, publishers. The British Naturalist, Part 25, Jan. 1893 hn bson, editor. The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. 193, Jan. 1893- ‘tl. E ‘Banting, editor. N Notes, Vol. 4, No: 37, Jan. I he Selborne Society. The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan. ¥ The Editors, Dublin Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. zo1, Jan. 1893. b. Ent. CL, Ed. Saunders. —T he Hemi iptera Heteroptera of the British Islands, cl. 8vo, 1892. . Reeve & Co. Osmund W. Jeti. The Geology of Wirral, &c., 4to, cl, 1892. [The Anthor. — Society for Protection of Birds.—2nd Ann. Report, ag 30 Sep., 1892.[The —— cs ——— des Chercheurs et Curiéux, 20 Avril, 1892. ii y Committee.—Sixth. rors Rep eet i pete The Midland Naturalist, No. 181, a 1893. ia ngham N.H. ne . i Geology.—Transparent Sections of various kinds of fossiliferous sal : beantiful secti ifex ce to olay and bird-skinners in our THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. Eptrep py J. W. FULT, P-h-S. Vol. III. commenced Jan. rsth, 1892. Subscription 6s. post free. An Illustrated nesta —_ of General Entomology, devoted specially to g Sibir of British working Pigg Se oat published 15th of each month. Vol. LT. ices pais 5th, 1892. Subscription, 6s. post free, may be sek to the Editor, c/o Mr. E. Kniwhty 18 and 19, Middle Street, Aldersgate, ¥. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S LIST OF British Land and Freshwater Mollusea, L822. Comritep ny W. NELSON, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 4xp J. W. TAYLOR, F.LS. Price 2d. each, by post 2id.; or is. 6d. per doz. post free. This List is to be obtained of the Honorary Treasurer (LroneL E. ADAMS, B.A., 15, York Road, Northampton) or oe the ae org of the Conchological Society, who may be addressed at the seeds , WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. “HE ZOOLOGIST: A Monty Journal ‘of si Geet od Named History. Edited by — - B. HAgtine, PLLS. articles, by well-known Naturalists, on ere , branch of Zoology, 7 ety on oie te its eat occurrences of ‘Quadra ipeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Molluscs, and Insects.” Price 1 - he Stoner ss AND D BIRD-SKINNING : A er ae Description cot S$ and Ese of Birds which Breed 1 = Brita y Epwarp News Seconp. on Wit rections for Collec tine sad u Presers rca : — on Bird-skinning. By. ‘MILLER Curisty. Cloth extra, Fp. Svo, price e ood i deed, and can be ther oughly recommended. ees: ‘Asterling book for ‘alegre phone caper wen Aig The arrangement is perfect.'—2Vee. ee — : alterweh No wonder a second edition is called { Graphic. ~ es WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 64, Hatton Garden = - tree NAT U RATIS SE. During the next feve moarnths it ts hated to insert the following articles :— Ornithological Notes from North Notts. for 1691-92.—Lronarp Burress. Glacial Boulders in a AMES SPEN Porge Valley in Winter.—Rev. W. C. Hey, oa The Plants of Leck and Ruane ood, West Lanes.—Listrer Petry. hist of Birds seen in South Keisey a Lines.—Rev. H. C. BrewsTer. A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullawater._We . Hoveson, A:L.S. The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hurert Dace ort on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hosxrak, : L.S., and P. F. Lee. Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepaties for 1892.—M. B. Starer, F.LS. Specimen Days on the Yorkshire Coast —Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. | Now véady, Bvo. cloth, price 6]-, post free. LIST of YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S. Contains copious records of the localities, &c., of the 1,340 species of macro- and micro-lepidoptera known to inhabit the county ; particulars of local variation. in species ; with all other necessary information on the subject. To be had only from the Hon. Secretaries of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, Sunny Bank, Leeds: e. PONS SONBY KNUBL EY, Staveley Rectory, Leeds. ‘NATURALIST’ REPRINTS. — No. To List of Lend and Freshwater Mollusca of eemgascivasinia by Rosexr : : TTANDEN. No. steers from Heligoland for the year 1886, by Hers RICH GATKE, No. Hi. “etgtek ty y JOHN Conpear x, M. BE, OU. _ autotype plate of Mews of Mr. Gitke’s gar den } Poe X§ iv. Bin ty (Vorkahi ) by Epcar RO Warne, ¥. B.S, bgad eee oe fe _ NINEPENCE EAC = the Publi cc Sipe SR Ze aceasta an an wire THE ASSISTANCE bis SEECTAL DEPARTMENTS oF. gz HAS. Pp HOBKIRK, EI 1s. ae Cae L.S.,M.B.O.U., GEO.T. PORRIT ‘ALFRED HARKER, BALES pe we RNER. The NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS. The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 31st of March is the latest date at which Subscriptions oe the current year are received at the prepaid rate - 5/- ptions sent later the year can only be socompanied by the ns iomtnate for he ictawing. ise Il other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free accepted at that rate if BOOKS RECEIVED. Sa od ec ee ee eee age lapginid rine RAT to ‘ The Editors of The Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds,’ as anes dae Grimshaw, having accepted an appointment in dia talichncg's Mesias Bucher-Verzeichniss—No. 409, Zoologie : Geographia Animalium, n [Fr edlander & Sohn. New Zeala urn. >, Vol. 1, Nos. 5 &6, nee -Noy. ib. [The Editor. Northamptonshire a at. H eee rnal, Nos: 49 to 52, for a [Society Nat. _— ow. Peseta. Vel, 3,p , 1889-92 oa [Th .¢ Society. Bericht ub. an se Vv. ¥riedinder Sohn, N 3,1892,Jul.-Sp. [Pubs. “aes Notarisia, 2 Gennaio 1893. [Dr. G. B. de Toni, 0 attore, bare Italia. Manchester Geological ee rans., vol. 22, part 3, The Society. Nat. Hist. fourn., No. 145, — 15, ee {j. E. Clark & others, editors, York. The Nautilus, Vol. 6, No. 9, January 1 sbry, etc., Editors. Entomologists’ Ree. & Jn. ae Vv: nication: Vel 4,Nos. 1,2, iS to 15, 1893. ges <4 Naturz Novitates, 1892, Nos. 22-24, Nov.-De riedlander & Sohn, pu C. 7 P bourne Nat. Hist. Soe. Trans N.5., Volk. i bee 3, 1888-89. [The Society. Journ. of Conchology, Vol. 7, No. 5, January, 1893. eect areas Sues Society. ts Mediterranean Nat., Vol. 1, Nos. 20, 21, Jan.-Feb., 1893. - H. Cooke, editor. Essex Naturalist, Vol. 6, No. 12, Dec. i 3- [The ee nes Club. Die Schwal aenen rE 17, No. E; 7 exo 15, 1893. [Orn. Ver n Wien. Science Gossip, No. 338, Feb. 1893. [ Messrs. Chatto & Wisden, one hers. _ The British Naturalist, Part a February 1893. {John E. Robson, editor. The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. ro4, Feb. 1893. []. E. Harting, editor. Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 38, February 1893. [The Selborne Society. ‘The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 2, February 1893. [The Editors, Dublin. _ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. 202 ,Feb.1893. [Camb. Ent. Cl, U.S.4. ~ Entomologists’ Record.—Special Index to Vol. 3, 1892. ‘[Editor. Ww. AL Painter.—Botanical Walks round Derby, 8vo reprint, 5 pp, 1892. (Author. Geology.- — Transparent Sections of various. — of fosiliterous and other rocks. SpEctaL beautiful sections v Coal Plants from Halifax * | _ Hard Bed Coal, eae Ve to 2/6 each. els sent = gpa ee known oe Coastin ‘JAS. SPENCER, 3 "Salisbury dhe Hali fax. fe foolscap ata, with illustrations, Price is.3 post free Is. 3a. THE GEOLOGY OF WIRRAL, © AND OTHER PAPERS, | By OSMUND W. [EES - Liverroot.: B. HARAM & CO.,'12, PReEson’s Row. INDISPENSABLE TO STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY — Edited by JOHN W. TAYLOR, FS. - Contains Descriptions and Figures of New ss aoa and Varieties, Geographical S, ~— Jriginal Articles, dealing with all departments of the science, pe i¢ ing Conchologists of the day. —VoL. VI. Commence! ciate itil. Vi ri IT, 111., FV., and V. may tt ad. @PHE NATURALIST. During the next few months it is hoped to insert the fetlowing articles:— Forge Valley in Winter.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. List of Birds seen in South Kelsey ey parish, Lines.—Rev. H. C. BrewsrTer. A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. tC Hes Hey, } MLA, Flora of the Neighbourhood of Take U Uliswater._Wm. Hopcson, A.L.S. The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hv BERT Dacre. Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.— —C. P, Hosxie«, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee. oo Peo on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Scater, F.LS oe Days on the Yorkshire Coast —Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. Adaigions, pocd — Lichen-Flora of =o ‘Yorkshire.— A. SHACKLETON and “Now noe complete, 8vo, cloth, with C sinired Map. price Al is. od FLORA OF WEST YORKSH By FREDERIC ARNOLD LEES, M. Re S., etc. Soe which forms heed Volume of the Boimceal Series of the Tra the most — of > vd ever issued for any Basie inal acne ol Gna c neice, mea ar? : lk ssrs. McGorquadale & Go, Limited, Basinghall Street, Leeds 2 bound up in cloth ease for 1s, 6d, (postage extra) APRIL 1893. TH E No. 213. re fg c Hike E < ss “a 4 i. Ss f Sie —w A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of England. EDITED BY WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS Sunny Bank, Leeds ; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPRCIAT. DEFARTMERTS OF CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.f..S., GEO. T. PORRITT, E.L.S., F_E.S., W. B. TURNER, F.C.S., F_B-SS. J. GILUVERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.1. SUBSCRIPTIONS. The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the Sist of March was the latest date at which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the prepaid rate of 5/-, ee free. Subscriptions sent now can y: be — at that rate if accompanied by _ Subscription: be the fo dow owin me yea In all other cases the Subscription is 6/ 6, post free. “enhaiee RECEIVED. All Exchanges and Books sent for pen should be addressed: *The Editors : the Naturalist, c/o . Leonard Hawkesworth, 49, ee oe Leeds,’ as he 03 pane the Editors in this Departmen’ cyanea Nat. Hist. Soce.—Trans., vol. ae parts Pe Feb.-Apl. 1893 [Society. e Lit. and Sci. Soc.—Trans., vol. 3, 1891- pees Mactan: Sydney. —Cat of No. ‘s Aasaian Maauadk oo Trustees. Australian Museum, Sydney.—Records, Vol. 2, No. he Trustees. The Midland Naturalist, No. 184, April 1 1893. (iiscinpaen N.H.S. Natural Science, Vol. 2, No. 14, April 1893. [Macmillan & Co., Publishers. Nat. Hist. Journ., No. Scie April 15, 1893. [J. E. Clark nee editors, Yorks. The Nautilus, V al. 6 o. £2, Apnil 1893. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors Entomologists’ Ree Ie bes sid arrag o Vol. 4, No. 4, April 15, 1893. [Ed Se Naturz Novitates, 1893, eae — {Friedlander & Sohn, pi The Mediterranean Nat., 2, No. 1 1893. +ELC cae ener Die Schwalb ie Jahre. 17; wed heat = eo [Orn. Vereins in Wien. Science Gossip, No. 340, April 1893. { Messrs. Chatto & Windus, Leese The British Naturalist, Part 28, April 1893. {John E ; editor. The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. 196, April 1893. _[J. E. aus, editor. Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 40, April 1893- [The Selborne Society- ‘Fhe Trish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 4, April Fs does Editors, Dublin. _ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vok 6, No tse A 1893. [Camb.Ent. Cl, U.S.A. _ York School Natural History Socie oceans Aonual Report, 1893. [The Doe _ Entomological Soc. of Lordon—Trans, for 5 e Societ Mineralogical Migs, Vol. ro, No. a March eg [Mineralogical Soci sty. Notarisia, Ann. 7, Nos. 33-34, Oct. -Déc. g2. [Dr. David Levi- Morenos, Redattore. The Cone — Vol 2, No. 5, ee is pw. E. Collinge, editor. Yorkshire County Mag., April 1393. {J}. Horsfall Turner, editor. ‘The Annals of § Scottish Natural History, age 6, April 1893. {The Editors. Joucks os Conchology, Vol. 7, No. - 6, A Hd S63 energy —— ‘Birds of eS B. Whitloc es [ Messrs. B > pubs. : = British Noctuss eand t their Varieties . : By SW. TUTT, Fes. : tack Vols we sc per Vol. to those who subscribe Lad the whole work direct » Rayleigh vila ‘Westcombe Hill, $.E. N SM & MELANOCHROISM IN — has Been ie ae Bie to the By FREDERIC ARNOLD LEES, M.R.CS., ete. This, which forms the 2nd Volume of the ‘ened Seieeur the ‘Transactions, i perhaps the most iar wes = the kind ever issued for any district, including detailed and full. records of 1, and Vascular Cryptogams, rr C! +348 Mosses, 108 — 258 tien: fim "Fe Gaee eee 382 Freshwater Alga making a total of Eee species. Lonpon: LOVELL REEVE & es Pe Henrietta Strect, Covent Garden Or the elon tte NAT U RA DIS 'E. : During the next few months tf is 2s ta insert the following articles:— A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. MA - Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater. —W. Hopcson, A.L.S. ‘The Yorkshi a(ticcgrre Dacre. : - Hopxir«, F.L.S., and P. F. Les. e Mosses and Fispatics for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.LS. Days o on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. ‘ti f. > chen-Plora of West Yorkshire.—A. Seacxieron and as HESDEN. e ev. HiLDERIC apes E. Ls. i Notes. on. he Disalaiier eek of the Eas a of Yorkeaie at, West, F.L.S., saseed by G8 a ST a . es, OF ob he Aurion, rs ; SON es Deny nD Li JUNE 1893. MONTHLY JOURNAL OF atural History for the North of England. EDITED BY a GILBERT BAKER, FRS., LS. w EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S.,M.B.OU., ALFRED | BAREEY. M.A. : EGS. The NATURALIST. ee Enka, eon eaten sents ine aan The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the latest date at which dicttactine a the current year could be received at the ee, . riptions can = be accepted at that rate if accompanied by the Sahectipbiod ‘ee he foll In all other cases the Subsctiption t is 6/6, post free. BOOKS RECEIVED. Exchanges and —_— sent for Review should be addressed: ‘The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, brane Street, Leal as he will assist the Editors in this Revue aE 20° Anné, 1893, No. 3 [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, Cahan. Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 7, Nos. mes, Jan. -Marz 1893. [Mr. N. F. Dobrée Secietas Entomologica, Jahrg. 8, bad Apl. 1893. {Mr, N. F. Dobrée. Manchester Geological Soc.—Trans., vol. 22, part6and 7, 1893. [The Society. Berwickshire Nat. Club. ng Slee for 1890- 1891. The Club. Manchester Museum, Owens steno 3, Museum Handbooks. [The Museum. ' Smithsonian Institution.— Report for 1890. [The Institution, _ Marlborough Co lege Nat. Hist. Soc.—Report, 1$92. The ape ety. Pag soma Nat, Field ec dciicgaee ¥ for 1892. {The Club. Procés-verbaux, Fuly aegis oe = Hipp st Acad. of Nat. Sci.—Proc., 1892; Part 3, Oct.-Dec. facta Manch. Geog. Soc., Journal, vol. 8, Nos. 1- Jan.-March, 1892... __— [Soeiety. New ¥ a ss RE Soe. —Journ. -» Vol. 9, No. 2, Apl., 1893. [The Society. Biche Verein Sd 409 and 411, Zoologie : Geographia Animaliunt, n.d Friedian The Essex — N= i Nos. 1-3, Jan.-Mch., 1893. Seems Essex Field Clu Natural Science, Vol. 15. May t [Macmillan & Co., Pub Aaa Nat. Hist. ote No. Te ‘May 15, 03 U- EE. Cl gh editors, Yorks. Entomologists Rec. & Jn. of Variation » Vol. 4, No. 5, May 15, 1893. [Editor. Naturce hae 1893, Nos. 7-8, April. {Fr iedlander & & Sohn, pubs. - . ca p r 5, ieee ce — poe cb 6, No. sti a 1893. (Camb.Ent. Cl, U.S.A. : equacy of * Ses ural Selec — Herbert Spencer. he Author. Ofecial To Book of eau Societies [Chas Griffin & Co. Lid., — Ten Geological Pam ps Bee . G. Goodchild, F.G.S..- ‘Fhe Author. _ Address delivered before the Geol. Soc., Lond. [W. H. Hudiles = MLA. author. oe . Lani 8 of Calamites. ee Hick, B.A. B. Sé., Sra. reprint. (The he Autho E. _ Nuova Notarisia. - Serie 4. Maggio. 189. 8 ie G. B. de Toni, a Padova, Abe, ene Liverpool | Marine ig Biology C ‘om. Ann. ge 19z. [Dr. A. Herdman, — oe . ——— Nat. Sve Se Es uridnaiia es ent be _ [The Soex ciety THE BRITISH NATURALIST. _ A eho # areal, a Seal Pe, fo Sic get spice sioe) Dr. ELLIS, Li G. ELISHA, London. apee SYDNEY WEBB, Dover. : Price Six Shillings: per annum, ‘post free. ie a Monthly Supplements are ‘Sg intended ee when 2 gomplete ses att of the Various groups treated upon. ow pong is a Natural J. W. Dale, of Glanvil Woe It contains an account mat ot allt bibliographical details of the references to the various a in the e Enionological, walk ol of the past i the most complete wor! ae eee two centuries, Taine ee 4: ea THE NATURA LIS? : During the next few months it ts hoped to insert the following articles:— Notes on the Presh-water Alge of the East Riding of Yorkshire.— Wm. Wusr, F.L.S., assisted by G. S. WEsT-. A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullswater.—Wsm. Hoveson, A.L.S. The Yorkshire Derwent and its. —— Dacre. Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Horxtex, F. sees and P, F. Ler. Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.L.S. Specimen Days on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev. W. C. aoig M.A. A Wew Species of Lumbricus:—Rev. Hiiperic Ferenn, F.L.S. : JORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. : Tr car. A Mentiy. Journal of Natural History. Edited by. ; the E. — ELS. —, — les, by well-known Naturalists, nm of Zoology, t bits and ane of 4 eds a - DIRDSNESTING AND Sra ere Cie Compete —— of the i) Nests and Picedl Birds which Breed in Britai ee b NEWMAN. SECOND a Directions for Collecting and Pacino and a. ‘Chapter on Bird-skinning. By MrL : ood indeed, and thoroughly recommended.’ A sterling book for _ suena rata ee Nat eae = No wonder @ second edition is called : LER CHRISTY. Cloth extra, He es price 15. JULY 1893. aR No. 216. ‘MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of : Engl op oe BAKER. ERS. FL —_ Sey The NATURALIST. — SUBSCRIPTIONS. e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 31st of March was the é ate at which ig age ag for "ihe current year could be received a the anil ge rate of f Sl] Subscriptio only Laid nego at that rate if accompanied by the Sahat. Hee me follo owing y In all other cases the Subscription is GI6, post free. or RECEIVED. All Ex and sent for Review should be addressed: ‘The Editors of mg Rca gas c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this ig. Fenton, : Grevillea, quarterly record of Crypt. Bot., No. too, June 1893. [Mr.G. Micieh ot Neptunia, Anno, No. 4, Aprile 1893. [ Dr. David Levi- gg taiarr mag ore. Ben cht ttb, . -V Verlagsthatigkeity Friedlinder& Sohn, No. 25, Jan.-M [ Pubs. Cardiff Nat. —Report — oe Bs 24,Part 2, ste -2. [Th ws Society. Nuova hae a, Maggio r. de Toni, redattore, Padova, Italia. The Midland Morava: bia 185: 6, May a June 189 [rena com m N.H.S. The Nautilus, er 7, Nos. 1-2, May and June 1893. fH A. fete — Editors. York School Natural H. istoty Societ ye 5s Annual es ea e Society. — The Conchologst, Vol. sa No. 6, June 24, 1893. BE. Collinge, © editor. ical S: —Trans., vol. 22, part ‘The Society. he Essex Netacdee Vol, 7, Nos. 4-5, ‘April-May ee {The Essex Field Club. Natural Science, Vol. 2; sss, apr — 93. {Macmillan “& Co., Publishers. at. Hist To. geal Is, I [}. E. Clark & others, editors, Yorks. msshsatige bl ec. & Jn. sf alc ot et es 6, June 5 | Mig [Editor. aturze Novitates, 1893, Nos. 3-10, Feb. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs. ycience Gossip, No. 342, June £893- Acero Gata & Windus, publishers. ritish Netn ralist, Part 30, June ohn E. Robson, editor. legit. ye Series Vol. 1, No. es June 1893. U E. Harting, editor. Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 42, June 1393. [The Selborne Society. The Trish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 6, June 1893. [The a ee | 0 toe bl tot tt a jie at em a _ Dictionary of Bir Newton. t Leeds fa span Lit. Sa: Complete Set of ¢ Annual Reports. [The Society. gs cnoOwn, v. Harry Jones. The Author. The Me oetnae Nat, Vol. 3, No. 24, Fane 1893. -—s[f. H. Cooke, editor. mats er Jahrgang 17, No. 6, June 16, 1893. i ay in Wien. - + with a list of the West Indian Species. [T. D. A. Cockerell. akecdinins of cE ‘Academy 0 of Natural Sciences of "Piladelphia, 1893. Part tf, Jan. to March. [Smt ithsonian Institution. een - HANDBOOK OF ‘THE Foolscap 4fo, with Illustrations. Price ts, 3 va free 1 ae. THE GEOLOGY OF WIRR: AND OTHER PAPERS, _ . By OSMUND Wo JEFFS: . Liverroo.: B. HARAM & CO., 12, PREESON’s Row. ‘NATURALIST’ REPRINTS. No. I. i of Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Lancashire, by Rosexr Soaihacntte ae No. II. notes from Heligoland for the year 1886, by Hrinricu Gi gee oe No. ecrs pi eieeon ees M.B.O.U. (with, abet plate of ' No. EV.— keg of the Western Ansty (Yorkshire, by Eooax Walre, ELS, 34 PP. oe ee During the next ee months it is hoped to insert the following articles:— A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.—Wm. Hopeson, ALS _ ‘The Yorkshire ee and. its Fishes.—Husert Dacre. _ Report on Yorkshire Bots for 1890.—C. P. “Hioectax, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee _ Report on Yorksh’ ‘re Moses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Suatér, F. Ls | Boecimen Days: on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev W.C Hey, M.A A New Species of -cgresictsre mm Peoie Hinperic Fetenp, ris ae AUGUST i893. fhe NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS. e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the con dite at which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the i t free sent now Gan o nly be ated oie at that rate if accompanied by the Subscription for the following Tn all other cases the Saicciron is 6/6. post free, BOOKS RECEIVED. All Exch and Books sent for —* should be addressed : oS he tors of the Baan, ee Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this Dessctaenk. The Midland Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 187, July 1893. Peron am. N.H.S. e Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 3, Ju ly 1893. [H Pilsbry, etc., Editors. Manchester Geo eological Soc.—Trans., Vol. 22, parts 9- it > 1893. é society. Natura I Science, Vol. 3, No. 57, jaly 1893. {Macmillan & Co., Publishers. —— s’ Rec. & Jn. of Variation, ee 4, No. 7, July 15, Ber be "Sohn, pubs. Zs riedlander ohn > sei. 3rd | Series Vol. 17, Xo, 199, July 1893. [J. E. Harting, Sie The S ie Fy ® NN fe) ee es, pe ae ee S n 8 a y 1893. {Th Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. ag July 1893. [Camb. Ent. CL, U.S.A. Die Schwathe, Jahrgang 17, No. 7; July 16, 1893. [Orn. Vereins in Wien. - . Chester Soc. of Nat. Sci.—22nd An al Report, = x 1892-1893. “The Society. _ Penzance Nat. Hist. Soc.—Rep. a Tra ans. f n 1392-93 oS —— Notarisia, Anno 1893, Nos. 2-3. [Dr oes id Cok Mace Redatt : Yorkshire County Mag., July 1893. (J. Horsfall Tacs eae ‘The Annals of Scottish Natural igo No. 7, Jaly 1893. (The Editors. _ Journ. of Conchology, Vol. i 49 7, July 1893. [Canchological Society. _ Manch. Geog. Soc., Journal, Vol. 8, Res. 4-6, April-Fune, 1893. [Society _ Ackworth School Nat. His. rabest —Report » 1892-3. oe Soctety. 2 roscopical s Report, 1 The Society. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF British and ise. \water. lion: Compiten sy W. NELSON, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, RLS. a sais Ww. TAYLO bs ete ee re 15, a Road, Hsiprearne shee suger ages ‘Society, whe may be alldtesse at the Philo: THE NATURALIST. During the next few months it is hotbed ta Deserve the foik fick es Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.—-Wm. Honcson, A.L.S. The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Huvert Dacre. Yorkshire a 1890. —C. P. Hosxirg, F. > and P, F, — SEPTEMBER 1893. MONTHLY JOURN. AL OF Natural History for the North of England. Papas ED ‘BY the NAIURALIST. st SUBSCRIPTIONS. The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the latest date at which S olen entee oe for the current year could be received at the prepaid rate © of eg : = tice Subse only be —" at that rate if accompanied by the Suhacripion: oe the following > ea! Tn all other cases the Subscription is 66, post free. sppeiesida RECEIVED. Ex changes and Books sent for Review should be addressed : *The Editors of ah — c/o Mr. Leonard anor 49, Fenton epee Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in Departmen “ Naturalists’ oo. of Scotland. J. Harvie Brown & J. G. Bartholomew. Edin- , Jno. Bartholomew & Co. Lite Publishers. North pee Fauna, No. 7, 1893. The Death Valley Expeditio U.S. Department of xpleubons Yew York Microscopical Soc.—Journ., Vol. 9, No. 3, July, 1893. [The Society. vo Midland Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 188, Aug. 1893. [Birmingham N.H.-S. The Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. iy Aug. 1893. {H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. — Natural Science, Vol. 3, No. 18, Aug. 1893. [Macmillan & Co ish Entomologists’ Re. & Jn. a Variation, Vol. 4, No. 8, Aug. 15, 1893. {Editor. Naturz Novitates, 1893, Nos. 13, 14, 15, Juli& Aug. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs. . Seience Gossip, No. 344, Aug. 1893. [ Messrs. Chatto & Windus, publishers. The British oe rig 32, Aug. 1893. [John E. Robson, editor. The Zoologist, ae Series, Vol. 17, No. 200, Aug. 1893. [J. E. Harting, editor. — _ Nature Notes, V: an. 44, Aug, 1893. ns Selborne Society. the Trish Mien Vol. 2, No. 8, Aug. oe The Editors, Dublin. _ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. 208, A ug. 1893. oe nt. Cl., U.S.A. ‘Die eek Ties 17, No. 8, Aug. 16, i {Orn. Vereins in Wien. ~ Bristol Nat. Soc. Proceedings, seine [The Society. An prog a = the Study of the Diato omacere, with a ng ny HS bcd _ Jalien Deby. Fredk. Wm. Mills. London, Hiffe & Son. [The A : a8 The - Entomologia Ss ‘Monthly Magazine. ae PRICE ‘SIXPENCE, - MONTH ial - a Baie by eo | : Casson, iW uGLAS, _ Fowuen, Mh Be Ls McLacuian, F. RS, oy Sacnnens, PLS, and : Loup. wi ALSINGHAM, doe commenced i in _~ contains standard Ar icles on the Insect Jn Demy 8vo., Cloth, pp. 250. Price 12]- (U.S.A. 3-50). AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DIATOMACGCE By FREDERICK WM. MILLS, F.R-M‘S., Author oft PE A —— to the Microscope,’ etc. By JULIEN DEBY, ER.MS. Lonpon : InirFeE & Son. N, 3, Ot od Street, Ludgate oe WASHINGTON, 1 P.C.: Tee Microscorr L PUBLISHING COMPANY, THE NATURADIST. During the next few months it is hated to insert the foilawsng articles: Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullswater.—W™m. Honcson, A.L.S The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes—Hvuszrr Dacre. ‘Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hosxirx, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee. Renort on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Scarer, F.L.S. a New Species of Lambricus.—Rev. Hirperic Frrenp, F.L.S. A Woodland ‘Tragedy. —Rev. W. C, Hey, M.A. eo Foolscap 4to, with illustrations. oe Is. 3 post free 1s. 3a. HE GEOLOGY OF WIRRAL, — AND OTHER PAPERS, 1 Fgh not not understood). MONTHLY JOURNAL wal Natural History for the North of England. aes BY - Sunny Bank, Leeds WITH THE ASSISTANCE ix SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS oF R, F.R.S., F.1.S., CHAS. P. HOB} KIRK, ELS, BOL. GEO. =. PORRITT FE, Meee Bh DIC RE SEY a the NATURALIST. pee pace ep aan e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the ist of March was the sige at “rig Subscriptions for the current year could be recetved a the presit rate of ne nly be accepted at that rate if accompanied by ey Seteciotion: Be oe followin year. In all other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free. BOOKS RECEIVED. All Exchanges and Books sent for Review should be addressed: *The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, 49; een Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this gene Grev rypt. Bot., No. ror oot 1893. [ Mr. G. Massee, ed. Repeaiae Anos “I Lug eis rr d Levi-Morenos, Redattore._ at. Hist. Journ., No. ms Sept 15, 1893. [J]. E FE. Clark & others, editors, Yorks. Manch. Field al. Soc.—Re nd Proceedings for 189. The The Midland Naturalist, VoL 16, “No. 189, Se ept. 1893. orate N. ELS. Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 5, Sept. 1893 os {H. A. Pilsbry, -— paths Natural Science, Vol. 3, No. fo, Sept. 18 [Macmillan & Co. blishers. Entomologists’ Rec. & Jn. of Variation, Vol 4, No. 9, Sept. 5, ae " (Balter. Nature Novitates, 1893, No. 16, Aug. [ Se & Sohn, pubs. The British Malstalat. Part 33 Sept. 1893. [John E. Robson, editor. e Zoologist, 3rd Series, V 17, haga » Sept. 1893. UE EL Harting, editor. 3 1893. {The Edi Psyche: journ. of — Val. 68 No. a Sept. 1893. [cam Ent ct, USA. De Schwalbe, Jahr, 17, N a. 9, Sept. 16, 1893. . Vereins in Wien. : Australian Masbsea, Se Sydney, Ann. Report rt for I 1892. [The ‘Trustees... _ Watson Botanical Exchange Club.—gth Ann. Rep. 1892-3. {The Club. os urassic Se Hudleston » MA, F. RS., ogee mn. — to the Gentes oD Dek hire. —J. — Mello. _ London : Bemrose — The Club. . The B: ritish Noctuze and their Vs Vols. (bound in Cloth). : a. wr. ToTT, EES. ae Price 7s. each V Fok: 6d. per Vol. to those who subscribe for the whole worl : a to the Author, Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, S.E. ee @ MELANISM & MELANOCHROISM ix | LEPIDO TERA, o = Wi jestcomae Bilt, Pais - e and value of colour in int eb Sr na ow fe chrotsm. ee on, eel “Wabiagham: BON, r8go.) : ae RS IN LE} Y NOTES ON THE NCCT vay same Author. Price is. each, ‘direc: mate NA'PU RA LEST. During the next few months tt is haped to insert the following articles: — An eceeae: of — of the Rarer Plants found around Spilsby, Linecs.— Flora of the we ghbourhood of Tinke cig oapsa eee Hopcson, A.L.S. Whe Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes. —— + Dacre. Report on eaceie Baay for 1890.—c: P. ee ink, F.L.S., and P. F. Ler: Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Re for 1892. Mt. B Starter, FCS. A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M. issnietcons of Seed-Dispersion in pec aa Se E. A. Wooprurre Pen OCK 0 Mf a. Bok sellers. Price One Shilling net. (NATURAL SCIENCE: A Spy ec ora Bevin ood SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. 4 = & Bins Lene Reviews by the most SOR PESE ENTER S WERGES FESS Bete te “Londo axp New | York pea “Macunttas AND Co. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF = so32. MONTHLY JOURNAL OF atural History for the North of England EDITED BY s ISTANCE IN PRCIAL “DErAKt : LS ‘CHAS. Pp HOBKIRE Ww. /. BAGH ce tKE, F. MB. A GEO ae FRED BAREER, MA of ire NAIORALSIST. ——— SUBSCRIPTIONS. The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the latest er gras = which eras for the current year could be received at the aoe of 5/-. ae Ly now can only sed a at that rate if accompanied by ee Subsctiption for the follo see > In all other cases the Subscription is 6/6. post free. BOOKS RECEIVED. All Exchanges and Books sent for Review should be addressed: ‘The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. hg Ha 49, Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this ent. Cardiff Nat. Soc.—Report and Lgeetiges ihe 25, Part I, ae es [The Society. The Conchologist, Vol. 2, No. 7, Sept. 29, 1893. [Ww.E Collinge, editor. Belfast Nat. Field Club.—Ann. Rep. and Proc., for 1892-3. [The Club. Nova Scotia Institute.— Proceedings, second series, vol. 1, part 2 1-92. [Insti _ Zoological Record—Vol. 29, 1892. [Zoological Fa of London. Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans — 7, parts 5-6, 4 OG 1893. [Soc. Revue Bryologique, 20, Anne arag No. [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, Cahan. Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 8 , Nos. 3- rs we cin 2 18; 3 [Mr. N. F. Dobree. Notarisia, 16 1803, No. 4. (Dr. evi-Morenos, Redattore. Yorkshire County Mag., Oct. pecan re Horsfall Turner, editor. ‘The Annals of as ttish Natural History, No. $, Oct. 1893. [The editors. ch. Geog. Soc. Journal, Vol. 9, eee 1-6, Jan Jee 1893. ociety. Neptunia, Anno =a Giugno- 1893. [Dr. David Levi-Mor Ga ae. _.. Nat. Hist. fourn., No. 151, Oct. 15, 1893. [J]. '- Clark & others, ae, Yorks. The Midiand Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 190, Oct. 1893. [Birmingham N.H.S. The Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 6, Oct. 1893. iisbry, etc., frome acorn Science, Vol. a Ne. 20, Oct. 1893. [Maem ilan & Co., publ: Entomologists’ Rec. & [n. of ia Vol. 4, No, ro, Oct. 15, 1893. _ Natore Novitates 1895, = a Sep t. [Friedlander & Sohn, Ae he 2 Notes, Vol. 4, No. va Oct. 1893. "“" PP he Selborne Society. = ‘The Trish Nateralist, Volk 2, No. o.. 10, Oct. 18903. —i(‘aws« ET he Editors, a Of ail Booksellers. Price One Shilliuc net. : NATURAL SCIENCE: _ A MONTHLY REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. a OCantaine Mateos Act at Ho = Suse _ a fe a aan aes ’ f y trie LONDON AND. NEW YORK 4. 2.530 MACMILLAN AND Co. ‘ORNITHOLOGISTS’ co THE NATURALIST. . During the next few months it 1s hofed to insert the failowing articles :— Fiora of the Weighbourhood of Lake Uliswater._-Wm. Hopcsox, A.L.S. he ¥ e Report on Varkehivn Botany for 1890,—C. P. REE a L.S., and P. F, Ler. Renort on Yorkshire Mosses and _— for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.L.S. A Woodlan vee: one Ww. te ne: A Study f Se Rev. E. A. WooprRuFFE-PEACOCK. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. | _Eprrep oy J. W. TUTT, a2 E. Se . Vol. i. commenced Jan ah, 1890 sgn * Sabactiotion 6s. pdst free. et tan th, igs: Subseription, 6s. post free, ma: the Editor, c/o fo Me. 526 “Knight, 18 and 19, Middle Steet Aniccaes ne 2 n Hiu stated Monthly Journal of F Gonersi Entomology, devoted specially = hein Sree oo orking Lepidopterists, published 15th of each ann : sent to INDISPENSABLE TO” STUDENT TS. AND COLLECTORS. DECEMBER wae TH E MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of England. EDITED BY kes DENISON ROEBUCK, PLS. Sunny Bank, Leeds; for 1s, Gd, (postage extra). ANCK IN SPRCIAL DEPARTMENTS oF J. GILBERT BAKER, F.B.S., F-)-*. CHAS. P. HOBKIBE, ee Bee W. EAGLE CLARKE. F.1. S., M.BA.U., GEO. T. PORRITE, F-E-5.. FES, ALFRED HARKER, )'.é.. E.G... Rp. TURNER. FCS. F_R.M-S. WIth THE ASSIST: in Memoriam - George Brook, F.t-8.—C. ?. #- ; a 363-255 Bird-Notes from the Humber District, Summer and Autumn of 189¢.-- fotx Cordeaux, 31.800. UE a57-3682 [Resins The Yorkshire Boulder Committee ‘and it s Seventh Year's Work. is Tate, F.G.S. : g65-368 Further iddditions Ao the Doncaster List of Levidonter om. Code SOS. i : - geo-c01 Review : Marine Biology in the Isie of Man. — Howarth; F RAS. Be, seas | 3T2 “et A At wears fi Nor bee 2 Se, Seghers fp... Petty. : Notes—Birds : ee es s See epic ‘Gull in Notte Be flack LF calwohek ‘Bid dnotes Matthew Bailey armorant at t Newark -zpon- Trent oe B, Whatiock. oe : : : ey Ae Huddersfield Geo. 7. Porritt ae - aoe a os 456, 37, 372 ao aw index to sane ae The NA TURALIST. = _SUBSCR SCRIPTIONS. poor rere venture to nd Subscribers that the 31st of March was the = which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the prepaid am = Sls post 2 bscriptions sent now can only be scenes, at that rate if puna for the fo Vowier year. “Ina all other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free. BOOKS RECEIVED. ths os t for Review should be addressed : The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Ha Reston, Street, Leeds as a eet ee ro The Joon of Marine Zoology and Stieraatns. Vol. 1, No. 1, Nov. 1893. : : “Hornell, editor. aK ng Field Club Ann. Rep. and Trans. Vol. 27, ‘foe. {T ee ms on Agricultural Grasses. 2nd Edition. Dag ee ts Je ‘ Journal. Vol. ae Nos. re fen : 2 Chas. V = Hants Wiisiradint New. 2, 1893. : [Elliot Suck publisher. a az arveiaeenh Vol. 3, rr Massee. _. [Geo. Bell & Son, pub: as Manchest ester G Geol. SOC, Trans. Part 12, Vol. 22, I 1892-3. [The eG | 1803. Lees ns de 4 fedatboce; ‘Padova, Thala: oe am ey. seh 1. 2, No. 5. oe Pohe iy ustees. [w. e co editor. 2060 . ane, 8 age : M. T. Husnot, redact nag Tae Nov. 15 3803, t. E Gane other ito Yorks. > Bo eo pio ELS. ima A. Pi ‘etc., edito : he Deny 820., Cloth, pp. 250. Price 12l- (U.S.A. aesoye AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE 2b ATTO MM A CH Ae. By FREDERICK WM. MILLS, F.R.M.S.,, . . Author of * Photography Applied to the Microscope,’ etc. WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHY. By JULIEN DEBY, F.R.M.S. LONDON: ILIFFE & Son, 3, St. Bride Ludgate Circus. WASHINGTON, D. C.: THE MICROSCOPICAL PUBLISHING COMreeE ESS ON NATURAL HISTORY. DHE ZOOLOGIST: A parce? ee of ee History, Edited by J. E. Hartrine, F.L.S. Original articles, b y well-known } Naturalists, on every branch of Zoology, notes” on the habits at ance rrences of at rupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Molluscs, and Insects. Price is. DIRDSNESTING AND BIRD-SKINNING: A Com lca: Deseription of a Nests sie Eee of Birds which Breed in —— By ora NEw Cc reserva a set age Directions for = Chapter on Bird ion ods MILLER Cunisty. “Goth ex LEE NATURA RIS. During the next few eeneks tt is Aaped to insert the following articles: — Fiora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.--Wm. Hopaeser, A.L.S. The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Husert Dacre. CC. and P. F. Les, Report on Yorkshire meena o Hepatices tee 1892,