THE NATURAL A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF ST NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. EDITED BY WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., F.R.P.S.E., Recorder to and Ex-President of the Conchological Society; Hon. Secretary the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union; Joint-Author of a 'Handbook of the Vertebrate Fauna of Y'orkshire'; Hon. Member of the Bradford Naturalists' and Microscopical Society, Cleveland Naturalist Field Club, Malton Naturalists' Society, Liverpool Naturalists' Field Club ; etc., etc. ; OF with the assistance as referees in special departments O J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S., W. BARWELL TURNER, F.R.M.S. 1896. LONDON: Lovell Reeve & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, EX M<-"CORQUODALE cV_ Co. LIMITED, CARDING1 and Leeds: Basinghall Street. 1806. Street, Euston ; PREFACE. There is but little for the Editors to say beyond thanking their contributors and their subscribers for the satisfactory production of the journal and for the gratifying measure of success it attains. They are pleased to again note the systematic attention paid to Lincolnshire by their contributors, and the numerous valuable papers relating to that county which appear in the present volume. The Editors would be pleased to welcome and further the publication of papers dealing in like manner with other of the counties included in their scope. They would also reiterate the request made in the preface to the last volume for papers dealing with geological and biological subjects. The 'Naturalist 5 is not by any means intended to be devoted solely or even mainly to lists and systematic papers, and it only needs that papers of more general scope and character shall be offered to secure their favourable consideration. The main requisite, however, is that all papers shall be more or less original, and that they shall be the embodiment of practical observation or direct investigation. But subject to this requirement, the more humanly interesting papers are, the more appreciated they will be. The NATURALIST Fop 1896. THREE WEEKS IN THE ISLE OF MAN. Rev. CYRIL D. ASH, B.A., Skipivitk Vicarage, Selby. Yorkshire, A three weeks' holiday in August last was spent in the Isle of Man, and as a considerable portion of the time was devoted to entomology, some account of the lepidoptera observed may be useful. Our head-quarters were in a farm-house a short distance north of Ramsey, and about half a mile from the sea. Here we remained from August 8th till 29th, during which time the lanes, cliffs, and downs in the neighbourhood were pretty closely worked. Of course it was late in the season for much day work, but the ragwort, which was in full bloom, gave plenty of sport at night. During the day Satyrus semele and Lyccena alexis (2) were swarming along the cliffs and in the gullies leading to the shore, but the former were getting worn, and not one specimen in twenty was worth keeping. Eubolia metisuraria, Gnophos obscurata, and Melanippe subtristata were all abundant, but Gn. obscurata was in very bad condition. Along the face of the low cliffs, which are covered with wild flowers, especially Anthyllis vulneraria and rest-harrow; Zygana filipendid R.S.O., Lincoln ; President of the Yorkshire Naturalists Union In forwarding these notes to 'The Naturalist' I have to thank Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall, Mr. H. Bendelack Hewetson, of Leeds, Mr. Loten, of Easington, and Mr. M. Bailey, of Flamborough, for information conveyed both orally and by letter. The autumn has been, generally speaking, barren of results to the ornithologist, and few rare visitors to our eastern shores have to be recorded ; many regular immigrants also have been very scarce, or absent altogether. Like the autumn of 1894, it has probably been a very favourable season for birds on passage across the north sea, but as regards the collection of facts due to observations of a visible and low-flying mig which was with the greatest difficulty hauled on board. It was two yards in length, and about the same measurement round the head. . . . The fish has been mounted by Mr. R. Coburn, of Douglas/ NOTE— LEPIDOPTERA. Acherontia atropos in Went Vale : and Query as to Dates of Emer- gence.— On August 23rd last, I received from a potato garden at Little Smeaton a full fed larva of Acherontia atropos , which promptly pupated on being provided with earth ; the imago emerged on Nov. 17th, having meanwhile been kept in a warm room. It would perhaps be of interest to others besides myself if some of our local lepidopterists would give their experience as to the month in which A, atropos emerges in a state of nature. Stainton says the end of August to October, Newman gives the latter month, while Mr. J. Anderson, Jr., writing in a recent number of the * Entomologists' Record ' (Vol. vii, p. 86,) states 4 Some emergences may take place in November, if not the moths will remain in pupa till June or July, unless forcing be adopted.' I had always regarded A. atropos as a late autumn species, the few specimens which have passed into my hands being found at rest in October or November ; but in the case of such emergences, where could the female lay her eggs to give the young larvae a reasonable prospect of feeding on potato, upon which plant I believe most larva; are reported to have been found? -Wm. E. Brady, i, Queen Street, Barnsley, Dec. 12th, i8qs. Naturalist, II LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT MARKET RASEN. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Cadney Curator of the Lincolnshire County Herbarium. In lovely weather the eighth field meeting of the Lincolnshire Union was held on the 23rd of August, at Market Rasen, North Lincolnshire, in the centre of Natural History Division 7. Most of the best workers of the society had returned from their summer holidays, and a large company mustered at the advertised time. Amongst those present were Messrs. F. M. Burton, of Gainsborough (President of the Union) ; F. Arnold Lees, of Leeds ; G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby ; J. J. Young, of Claxby ; J. J. Baldwin Young, of Sheffield ; W. Lewington, of Market Rasen ; the Revs. W. Fowler, of Liversedge ; G. H. Raynor, of Panton ; W. W. Mason, of Bootle, late of Leverton, Boston ; C. Wilkinson, of Loft-Newston ; H. E. Von Sturmer, of Scotton. The .Louth Antiquarian and Naturalists' Society was well represented by Messrs. B. Crow, J. Larder, T. Gelsthorpe, S. F. Clarke, R. W. Goulding, and Mr. and Mrs. S. Gresswell. The locality chosen for investigation is situated in the parishes of Tealby, North Willingham, Linwood, and Rasen a neighbourhood rich in interest in every department of inquiry, and one that has repaid and will repay the zealous and industrious student. The following is a summary of the reports received from sectional secretaries and active workers. Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., writes :— Market Rasen stands on the Kimmeridge Clay; but, as all the land round is covered with the Boulder Clay and Blown Sand, very little of this bed can be seen. There are but few localities in the neighbourhood where it can be got at; Hamilton Hill, a conspicuous rounded mass on the east, and a few other places, being the only outcrops. The Oxford Clay comes in at West and Middle Rasen ; and, at Tealby, about four miles off on the east, the Neocomian series is well represented; the Spilsby Sandstone lying at the base, followed by the Tealby Clay and Tealby Limestone, and, beyond them, the Carstone, till the chalk is reached. 'In passing over Linwood Warren ' Mr. Burton says, he ' picked up several bits of Roman pottery, which had been cast up by rabbits in digging their burrows. This is worth while investigating, for either Jan. 1S96. 12 PEACOCK: LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT MARKET RASEN. the remains come from a place of burial, or else from the refuse heap of an old Roman villa, which would probably be found near.' Messrs. G. H. Caton Haigh and J. J. Baldwin Young reported the following bird's notes :— Goldcrest, Blue, Great, and Long- tailed Tits, Wood Pigeon, Wren, Redstart, Green Woodpecker, Jay, Carrion Crow, Swallow, Sand Martin, Chaffinch, Yellowhammer, Redpole, Magpie, Rook, and Common Gull. They also found a Starling's nest in a Woodpeckers hole, and the nests of the Waterhen and Woodpecker. Mr. R. W. Goulding writes on the flora: — A botanist whose collecting is for the most part confined to the chalk wolds, expects to discover in the boggy and peaty ground of our sand warrens many plants which are not characteristic of the locality with which he is most familiar, though he will also find many species common to both districts. The causes of this varying distribution are obscure, and the consideration of such phenomena filled the late Charles Darwin with surprise.* * I am never weary/ he once wrote in a letter to Bentham, 'when walking in any new r adjoining district or country, of reflecting how absolutely ignorant we are w r hy certain old plants are not there present, and other new ones are, and others in different proportions.' But however obscure the causes may be, yet the facts remain. When, therefore, the Louth Society heard that the Union had arranged for a meeting w r hich should include a visit to Linwood Warren, they decided to join in, thinking that they would have an excellent opportunity of visiting ground new to most of their members, as well as of meeting some of the most experienced botanists connected with the county by birth or residence. With one exception, every one interested in the local distribution of our plants deemed their finds highly satisfactory. The exception was Mr. F. A. Lees, M.R.C.S., who had worked the Market Rasen circuit, a seven-mile radius, during residence there from April 1877 to September 1879, an d later on while staying there in 1881, and who now missed several species which were then not uncommon. In his opinion there was an element of sadness in going over old and well-remembered ground and failing to find the good things that had been recorded for it not twenty years ago, and so he was tempted to exclaim : 'Ichabod ! the glory has departed ! ' Yet even he was fain to confess that some good finds had been made. The Warren, at Linwood, was practically carpeted with our two and Ling (Calluna - Heaths (Erica erica DC), among which the beautiful deep blue flowers of the Gentian (G. pnenmonanthe L.) were now and again conspicuous. * ■ Life and Letters of Ch. Darwin/ vol. 3, p. 34 . Naturalist, PEACOCK: LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT MARKET RASEN. 1 3 Very plentiful was the Marsh Pennywort or White-rot {Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.), the round leaves of which completely hid its insig- nificantly minute flowers. Many leaves of the Marsh Cinquefoil (Potentilla comarum Nestl.) and of the Lily-of-the- Valley {Conval- Iaria majalis L.) were seen, but it was too late for the blossoms of either. A wort {Achillea ptarmica L.), Gipsywort {Lycopus europceus L.), Wood- sage {Teucrium scorodonia L.), Buckbean {Menyanthes trifoliata L.), and Water-pepper {Polygonum hydropiper L.) were common. The juice of the last is locally said to cure pimples on the tongue. Other plants noted — merely to give the scientific name — w r ere : Solidago Virgaurea L., Epilobium palustre L., Mentha sativa L., Sagina apetala L., Cnicus pratensis Willd., Angelica sylvestris L., Viola ericetorum Schrader (as I suppose we must call our old friend V.flavicornis Sm. now), Rhavinus frangnla L., Drosera rotundifolia L., with leaves covered with red viscid hairs ready to allure and entangle small unsuspecting insects to their destruction. To these may be added Filago minima Fr., Scleranthus annuus L., Lepigonum rubru?n Fr., now generically called Buda, if we are all to follow the new London Catalogue, Peplis portula L., Alisma ranunculoides L., Rubus idceus L., R. affinis W. & N., R. snherectiis Anders., R. leucostachys Sm., Hieracium tridentatum Fr., Hypericum pulchrum L., Veronica scut el lata L., and its variety hirsuta Weber> Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., Viburnum opulus L., Polygala depressa Wend., Ornithopus perpusillus L., and Radiola linoides Gmel, one of the smallest of British flowering plants. Among the sedges and grass-like plants Molinia carulea Mcench., Calamagrostis epigeios Roth., Deschampsia flexuosa Trin., Glyceria aquatica Sm.,. Scirpus ccespitosus L., S. setaceus L., Nardus stricta L., Carex pulicaris L., C. stellulata Good., and Eriophorum angusiifolium Roth., may be added. The best ferns found were Lastrcea oreop ten's Presl., L. spinulosa Presl., Asplenium rlwticum Roth. To this already inordinately long list we must add a few first records, rarities, and notes, taken from a Florida of the Market Rasen l Circuit] by Mr. F. A. Lees, which he has kindly written out since the Rasen meeting, from note-books kept during the time of his residence. The whole will be added to my Locality Register, to help in working out the relation of our existing and extinct flora, as far as the latter is recorded, to the geological strata of Lincolnshire, but, as referring to the neigh- bourhood of the Union's excursion, a short selection cannot fail to interest. The present writer's notes are added in parentheses. Vasturtium siifolium Reichk, ditch near Moortop Farm, between Jan. 1896- i4 peacock: Lincolnshire naturalists at market rasen. Oswersby and Usselby ; Cardamine flexuosa With, (an unaccountably rare species, or one often passed over) ; Cerastium semidecandrum L., I find no note of having gathered this species, and yet I seem to recollect it in plenty in sandy ground in spring about Hamilton Hill and Legsby ; Stellaria nemorum L., damp woods at Tealby (it is one of our very rarest plants) ; Medicago denticulata Willd., a flour- mill refuse casual {the variety apiculata Willd., has turned up as a garden casual at Hovvsham this season); Cotyledon umbilicus L., one place, Tealby, an old mossy wall — possibly planted; Drosera intermedia Hayne, apparently not there in 1895 ; (Enanthe crocata L., wooded swamp, Willingham (very rare) ; Cnicus palustris x pratensis, the hybrid, Linwood Warren, 1878 — only one plant; Vaccinium oxycoccus L., Linwood, very little in 1877 — not found in 1895 ; Centunculus minimus L., once in Sandy Lane, near Osgodby ; Cu scuta epithymum Musr., Nova Scotia Common, near Osgodby ; Digitalis purpurea L., Hamilton Hill and Willingham vicinages ; Pinguicola vulgaris L., looked for but never seen even on Linwood Warren in 1877-79 — (the italics are Mr. F. A. Lees' and not mine It shows that the most carefully kept note-books and best memories fail at times, for I have absolute proof in his handwriting that he did find it there, and I know that it is found at Claxby, a little to the north); Mentha officinalis Hull, Holton-le-Moor, and AL rubra Sm.? A tail red stemmed mint used to grow in the Rase in several places, but I did not know the mints in 1877-79, and so cannot be positive about it (I have specimens of both from .S., verified by Mr. Arthur Bennett); Euphorbia platyphyllos L., sandy oat-field once, near Middle Rasen (an alien, I fear); Elodea canadensis Mich., this attained its maximum of commonness in 1870; it seems dying out again over large areas now. None of the Orchidecz are much in evidence on the Kimmeridge Clay and blown sand about Rasen ; Eriophorum vaginatum L., in small quantity on the drier parts of Osgodby Common, near Usselby Corner, 1878. (With this splendid Mr © 8 to appear in their place in the Critical Catalogue in due course). The the Entomological Section :— The end of August is rather too late in occur weeks later would be an undoubtedly better time for collecting larvae. Legsby and years (among the macros, at any rate) were turned up on our field-day. Eleven species of Diurni (Butterflies) were observed, including *—- . . — ■ -!.-«■ Naturalist. PEACOCK: LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT MARKET RASEN. 15 the Silver- washed Fritillary (Argynnis paphia) and the Peacock {Vanessa io), the latter just emerged and gloriously beautiful. Single representatives only of the Nocturni and Noctuae were in evidence, these being Odonestis potatoria, a female at rest, and Plusia gamma , whilst three common Geometers {Camptogramma bilineata, Mdanippe subtristata, and Cidaria testata), one Tortrix (Penthina caprceana), one Pyraie (Scopula lutealis), and an interesting member of the Tineina, viz., Gracillaria stigmatella, complete the list of perfect insects. Searching and beating for larvae proved more profitable, as far as the variety of species was concerned. The Rev. C. Wilkinson got a larva of Dicranura furcula off sallow, and the writer found a small aspen bush almost stripped of its foliage by three huge D. vinula larvse. The Puss-moth is perhaps one of the best-known, and is certainly one of the most formidable-looking, of British larvae. Three other species of Prominent larvae w r ere taken : Notodonta camelina, N. dromedarius, and N. ziczac ; whilst the Pepper- Moth (Amphidasis betularid) caterpillar was occasionally found upon birch trees. The last available half-hour was devoted to beating the ling for larvas of the Beautiful Yellow Underwing (Anarta myrtillt), six of which were carried away captive. Thus ended a very pleasant day's entomology. The Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., reports on the Fungi as follows : About thirty species of fungi were collected, many of them common everywhere on similar ground. The best were Psilocybe ericceus Pers., Gomphidius roseus Fr., Boletus bovinus L., and B. edulis Bull. Mr. J. Larder writes : — Students of cryptogamic botany could hardly expect to make any new finds, at least so*far as mosses were concerned, when one considers the long list which the exhaustive investigations of Mr. Lees some years ago in the district enabled him to draw up. Nevertheless, the finds were of an interesting character, and a list of those found during the day, or recorded by Mr. Lees, is appended. Dried specimens of most of them are in the herbarium of the Union. Sphagnum acutifolium, S. cuspidatum var. plumosum, S. eu-rigidum, S. compadum, S. subsecundum, S. papillosum, Dkranum scoparium, D. palustre, Campylopus flexuosus, Leucobryum glaucum Ulota intermedia, Webera nutans, Bryum erythrocarpum, Aulacom- nutm palustre, Polytrichum piliferum, P. commune, Neckera compla- nata, Thamnium alopecurum, Isothecium myurum (Elinor Wood), Plagiothedum sylvaticum, Hypnum squarrosum, Breutelia arcuata, and Pontina/is antipyretica. The only lichens recorded were Cladonia pyxidata, CL unaalis, and Peltigera canina. The usual high-tea and after-meeting finished up a day full of encouragement to all active workers. The thanks of the Union were Jan. 5 .6. 1 6 SYMBIOSIS AND MIMICRY IN LICHENS voted unanimously to Miss Boucherett, the Right Hon. Edward Heneage, Mr. L. Tennyson D'Eyncourt, Lieut.-Col. F. T. Conway- Gordon, and Mr. R. N. S. Nelthorpe, for freely opening their estates for the expedition. Miss Boucherett was specially thanked for most kindly offering hospitality which the Union, considering the limited time at its disposal, could not avail itself of. NOTE— LICHENS. Symbiosis and Mimicry in Lichens. — One day last summer, whilst hunting for cryptogams in Dentdale, I gathered a Collema apparently in full normal fructi- fication. As the plant appeared a stranger to me, I carefully placed it in my vascuium for future investigation. Subsequently, when I came to examine the specimen with my microscope, I was greatly surprised to discover that the normal- looking apothecia were in reality the thalli of an Endocarpon, bearing endocarpous fruit. I handed the curiosity over to a botanical friend, who eventually forwarded it to a noted Scotch lichenist, with whom he is slightly acquainted. This gentle- man is evidently interested in the dual plant. He his written my friend two or three notes about it, but has not yet arrived at a final decision in the matter. He has, however, in the meantime given the parasite a provisional specific name as a new Endocatpon. The most interesting part of the phenomenon to myself, how- ever, is the close resemblance of the parasite to the ordinary fructification of its host, so close as to deceive the most practised botanist without the aid of a micro- scope. — A. Shackleton, Braithwaite, Keighley, December 20th, 1895. NOTES AND NEWS. We have received from Mr. William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, a reprint of his paper on 'The Value of the Radula as an aid to Classification,' from the 1894 Report of the Manchester Microscopical Society. It is illustrated by a couple of litho plates. The fourth volume of the 'Transactions of the Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society,' which covers the years 1893 — l %95> lies before us. Most of the papers are archaeological in their scope, and local science is only represented by a paper by Mr. W. Watts, F.G.S., on 'Birds in Piethorn Valley, 5 one by Mr. S. Sidney Piatt, F.G.S., on 'Large Fossil Trees found at Sparth Bottoms, Rochdale, 5 one by Mr. T. S. Smithson on 'The Recent Cold Weather at Facit during the Winter of 1894-5/ anc * one by Mr. J. R. Ashworth on ' Rainfall in Rochdale and the Neighbourhood. 5 But all the papers are sound useful contributions to knowledge, and the volume includes none that is not worth printing. The proceedings show evidence of vitality and progress, and the existence of so useful a Society reflects much honour on the people of Rochdale. Yorkshire naturalists and arch ceo logists have to mourn the loss of Mr. William Grainge, of Harrogate, the well known local historian, antiquarian, geologist, poet, and nature-lover, who died at Harrogate on the 29th of September last, at the age of 77. He was born at Dishforth near Ripon, on the 25th January, 1818, and his childhood was spent at the ancestral home of his family, a farm called Castiles, in the parish of Kirkby Malzeard. On his father's death in 1845 ne removed to Borough bridge, and in i860 he commenced business as a bookseller at Harrogate. He was a voluminous and painstaking writer on archaeological and topographical subjects, and will ever be held in remembrance for his ' History of Harrogate and the Forest of Knaresborough ' published in 187 1, a most excellent and useful work. The list of his antiquarian and topographical works is a long one, and he has left in MS. the materials for many more. As a naturalist he published nothing, or next to nothing, but he was nevertheless a well-informed botanist and geologist in his own quiet way, and the extent of his acquirements in these directions is only known to those who have had the enjoyment of his genial companionship on country rambles. Natural! 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY: and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. MARINE FISHES, 1889-1892. The present instalment has been compiled and edited by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. The previous instalments of the Biography of Fishes (both freshwater and marine) have appeared as follows : For 1884 — in i Naturalist,' June 1885, pp. 253-7. v ?? 1885 — „ Aug. 1 886, „ 242-4. 1886-88 — „ Jan. 1891, „ 27-37. The records for marine and freshwater fishes have hitherto been _iven together, but will henceforth be separated, and the present 1 instalment includes records of marine fishes for four years. The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are the following, as named and numbered in the Watsonian scheme :• 53, Lincoln S. ; 54, Lincoln N. ; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby; 58, Cheshire; 59, Lancashire S. ; 60, Lancashire W. ; 61, York S.E. ; 62, York N.E. ; 63, York S.W. ; 64, York Mid-W. ; 65, York N.W. ; 66, Durham; 67, Northumberland S. ; 68, Cheviotland; 69, Westmorland with Furness ; 70, Cumberland ; 71, Isle of Man. Anon, [signed « Caligula ']. Isle of Man. Sport with Rod on the Manx Coast [for Pollack or Lythe, Manx ' Calig f (Gadus pollac hius) , Coalfish or Saithe, Manx 'blochan' (G. virens), Red Cod, a local variety of the ordinary Cod (G. morrhua), Whiting (G. merlangus), Mackerel {Scomber scomber), Ballan Wrasse or 'bollan' (Manx) {Labrus maculatus)^ Cuckoo Wrasse or ' doctors ' and * ladies ' (Z. mixtus)\ Field, July 1 6th, 1887, p. no. Axon, [signed fc D. R. C.']. Isle of Man. Fishing at the Isle of Man [mentioning Rock Cod {Gadus tnorrhua var. K Pont {Gadus luscus), Pollack, local name epilog (G. pollachius), Mackerel {Scomber scomber), Sand Eels (Ammodytes sp.), Gurnard {Trigla gurnardus). Mullet (Afugi/ sp.), Bream (Pagellus centrodontus), Conger {Conger vulgaris), and Coalfish, local name Si-hen {Gadus virens)]. Land and Water, Sep. 24th, 1887, pp. 233-234. Anon, [not signed]. Durham. Food of the Haddock [{Gadus tigUfinus) ; in a specimen purchased at Hartlepool were fourteen young Whiting (CI merlangus) and a Crab]. Zool., Jan. 1889, P- 36. Anon, [signed , W.*1 Cumberland. A Big Catch of Cod {Gadus morrhua) in the Solway [by a Maryport fisherman ; about 50, weighing 25-35 lbs. each]. Field, Jan. 5th, 1889, p. 20. Anon, [not signed]. York S.E. A Large Skate {{Raja baits) taken in the deep sea, 120 miles from Spurn Point, oft the Dogger Bank ; weight 107 lbs. ; 6 ft. 4 in. long, by 4 ft. 8 in. broad]. Field, Aug. 24th, 1889, p. 277. Jan. 1896. » 1 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MARINE FISHES, 1889 T0 ^892. Anon, [not signed]. York N.E. Leeds Naturalists' Club and Scientific Association [Marine Dredging trip off Filey Bay, 20th July, 1889 ; Turbot {Rhombus maxiwus), Sole (Solea vulgaris), Flounder (Pleuronectes flesus). Skate (Raja bat is), Spotted Ray (Raja maculata), Gurnard (Trigla gurnardus), Haddock (Gad us aglefinus). Herring (Clupea liarengus), Whiting (Gadus merlangus), and Lophius piscatorius noted]. Research, Sep. 1889, p. 70. Anon, [not signed]. Cheviotland, Northumberland S., York N.E. A Rare Fish [(Myliobatis aquila) in Scotland ; former occurrences in Berwick Bay, off Cullercoats, off Scarborough, etc., quoted]. Field, Oct. 19th, 1889, p. 562. Anon, [not signed]. Line. S. Capture of a Large Sun-fish [(Orthagoriscus mold) in the deeps between Lynn, Wisbech and Boston, on the Black Boy Sand ; 7J ft. from fin to fin, 5f ft. long, weight 7 J cwt.]. Land and Water, Nov. 30th, 1889, p. 697. Anon, [not signed]. Lane. S. Rambles taken during the year 1889. . . . Southport [July 13th ; Scyllium canicula (empty egg-case), and Conger vulgaris noted as found]. 10th Ann. Rep. Manch. Micr. Soc, for 1889, publ. 1890, pp. 114-116. Anon, [not signed]. York N.E. List of . . Donations to the Museum [at Newcastle] . . from August 10th, 1888, to July 1st, 1889 [Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Scyllium canicula) taken at Redcar (John A. Mather)]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newc., Vol. 10, part 2, pub. 1890, p. 314. Anon [signed 'W. B.'], Isle of Man. The Term 'Warp' [as used by Manx fishermen in counting Herrings (Clupea harengus)\ Yn Lioar Manninagh, Ap. 1890, p. 167. Anon, [not signed]. Cheviotland A Rare Fish [recently got in crab-nets about ih mile from Berwick ; identified by Mr. Donall, fishery officer, as Motella tricirrata\ Land and Water, May 17th, 1890, p. 651. Anon, [signed ■ Flaneur ']. Solway Firth. Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholm) in the Solway Firth [near Annan, three caught * 30th ult., ? identified by Dr. Giinther and Dr. Traquair ; a few details given]. Field, June 7th, 1890, p. 852. Anon, [newspaper paragraph]. Solway Firth. The Anchovy [Engraulis encrasic/iolus] in the Solway [several trawled by an Annan fisherman]. Newcastle Daily Journal, 31st May, 1890 ; rep. Young Nat., July 1890, p. 132. Anon, [signed ■ The Doctor ']. York N.E. Lythe and Cuddy [with a passing reference to ■ the very black Coalfish [Gadus virens) of Scarborough ']. Field, Oct. 25th, 1890, p. 623. Anon, [newspaper paragraph]. Northumberland S. or Durham. Large Skate [(Raja balls) ; 7 ft. long x 5 ft. 6 in. broad, brought in 2nd Feb. and sent to North Shields Fish -market]. Newcastle Weekly Chronicle ; rep. Brit. Nat., May 1 891, p. 107. Anon, [signed 'Blue Dun']. York N.E. Sea Angling in Scarborough Bay [recording unusual abundance of Mackerel (Scomber scomber)]. Field, Sep. 26th, 1891, p. 491* R B°ves, York S.F. Off Flamborough Head [Oct. 8th, 1S87 ; tishing for Codlings, nearly all caught being the pretty variety called ? rock codling ' (Gadus morrhua var. )]. Field, Oct. 29th, 1887, p. 654. John T. Carrinctox. York N.E. and S.E. British Sharks [a gossipy article ; note of Lamna comubica off Whitby and Bridlington]. Field, Nov. 19th, 1892, p. 764. Natural , bibliography: marine fishes, 1889 to 1892. 19 Abel Chapman. Cheviotland, Northumberland S. Some Notes on the Game-Fish [of the Borders ; in his book on ■ Bird- Life of the Border,' pp. 32-34 ; the Salmon (Sa/mo salar) of Redewater and Coquet, etc. ; Bull Trout (.S*. eriox) ; Cod (Gadus tnorrhua) ; Coal-say (G. virens) ; Rock-codling (G. tnorrhua var.) ; Poodlings {G. virens) ; and Lythe (G. pollachius) referred to as enemies of Smolts]. A. Chopin. Isle of Man. Zoological Notes at Port St. Mary, Isle of Man [with Complete List ; the only fishes were Syngnathus anguineus and Lepadogaster bimaciriatus], Journ. of Microsc, Ap. 1890, pp. 126-129. William J. Clarke. York N.E. Notes from Scarborough [anent Abundance of young Whiting {Gadus merlaugus) about 4 or 5 inches long], Z00L, Nov. 1S92, p. 411. John Cordeaux. York S.E. [Oar-fish (Rega/ecus banksit) at Flamborough]. Migration Report for 1883, p. 58 ; rep. Nat., Sep. 1884, p. 43. John Cordeaux. York N.E. and S.E. Muller's Topknot {Rhombus punctatus) off the Yorkshire Coast [Nov. 4th, 1889 ; reference made also to the Red car and Bridlington occurrences given by Clarke and Roebuck]. Nat., Dec. 1889, p. 356. Cordeau and Occurrence of the Short Sunfish [Orthagoriscus mo/a] and Torpedo [T. hebetans] off the East Coast [the first brought into Grimsby, the second trawled at the Silverpits ; both now in the museum of the Marine Fisheries Society at Cleethorpes]. Nat., Feb. 1890, p. 42. J. C. Crellin. Isle of Man The Fish of the Isle of Man [enumerating 46 Marine Fishes, with brief notes on a very few of them]. Trans. I. of Man N.H.S., Vol. 1, 1879-84, publ. 1888, pp. 57-61. J. C. Crellin. Isle of Man. Notes on Sea Fish [with a Revised List of 68 species ; introductory remarks discuss fishing, habits and occurrences, local names, etc.]. Trans. I. of Man N.H.S., Vol. 1, 1879-84, publ. 1888, pp. 160-166. J. T. Cunningham. Isle of Man. The Breeding of British Clupeoids [a lengthy article, in which it is mentioned that at the Isle of Man Clupea harmgus spawning takes place in October]. Field, Dec. 12th, 1891, p. 892. Percy Davis. York N.E. [Marine Fishes observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Robin Hood's Bay [21st June 1889 ; Gadus teg/efinus, PUuronectes p/attssa, and PL limanda dredged off Scarborough]. Nat., Aug. 1889, p. 232. J. Percy A. Davis. York N.E. eport of the Yorkshire Marine Zoology Committee ; Presented to the Vorkshire Naturalists 5 Union, Nov. 20th, 1889 [Gadus agltfimts, Pun p/atessa, PL timanda, Raja batis, taken between Scarborough and Cloughton Wyke ; Bknniiis tholis dredged off Filey ; eggs of Raja bait's, Acanthias vulgaris, Gobius umpunctatus, G. niger, Trig/a, Bknniu ph &, collected nn'n^v Rri S, acus f and Lepadogaster bimaculatus noted]. Young Nat., Nov. and Dec. 1890* pp. 216-222. Albert Waters. Line. S. The Sun Fish [stated to be probably Lampris luna, the Opah] at Wisbech [one, five feet long and seven feet from fin to fin, in Wisbech Deeps ; first occurrence of Opah in the Wash since 1839; Orthagoriscus mola stated to have occurred at Lynn in Nov. 1850 and Oct. 1883]. Young Nat., Ap. 1890, p. 71. NOTES AND NEWS. Our readers will be more especially interested in the fortunes of the Jackson - Harmsworth Polar Expedition in that Mr. Harry Fisher, the well-known Nottinghamshire botanist, is with the Expedition as botanist. Letters from him to his father, to Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, and others, arrived by the ' Windward' in October last, and the Editor of this journal has had a letter from Dr. Reginald Kcettlitz, the medical officer, who also is one of the eight men who have been left behind to winter at Elmwood, as the Arctic settlement is named. Elrawood is at the foot of Cape Flora, on Northbrook Island, Franz Josef Land, in lat. 79 57' 30" N. and long. 49 30' 10". Amongst the notes given in Mr. Fisher's letter- home we may give the following, for which we are indebted to Mr. Fisher, senr., and Prof. J. W. Carr, M.A. :— ' 1st July, 1895.— We kay e snow , ever y &*$* but there are several plants in flower. In six weeks winter will be again upon us. . . I have found a rich microscopic flora here ; my time is fully occupied in that worl now, and will be until the winter sets in again.' * 15th April, 1895 : — Th e lowest reading of the thermometer was — 55* F. in February, which was the coldest month. We have had perpetual light since last Monday {April 8th), and can read indoors at midnight just as well as in the middle of the day in England at this time of year. . . 34 Bears, some Walrus, and hundreds of sea birds have been killed, all of which furnish fresh food for men and dogs. The birds are good eati 'loons/ 'dovekies,' and 'hockies. 5 . . Everyone of the twenty-nine here have frost bites except myself. I have not had the semblance of one. . . Summer may be said to consist of two months, June and July, about as warm as the first week is April in England.' It will be of course obvious that we cannot look for any real scientific results till the ultimate return of the Expedition, what we give being such casual notes as might readily be given in private correspondence. They are, however, of interest from the human and personal point of view. Jan. 1896. 24 NOTES AND NEWS. We are in receipt of the Second Edition of Mr. J. \Y. Tutt's interesting little book entitled * Random Recollections of Woodland, Fen, and Hill ' (George Gill and Sons, publishers, London, 1895), the ^ rst edition of which we had the pleasure of noticing a year or two back. We can only add our congratulations to the author on the popularity which has attended his venture, and a reiteration of the opinions we formed on perusing the first Edition. NO TES— ORNITHOL OGY. Great Northern Diver on the Lincolnshire Coast. — One of these fine birds {Colyntbus glacialis) has been handed in to the secretary of the Louth Museum this week, by Mr. W. F. Taylor, of Theddlethorpe. It was captured on the 8th December by a villager on the shore, who in consequence of its feeble condition, was able to capture it by hand. — J. Larder, Louth, Dec. 14th, 1895. East Yorkshire and other Ornithological Notes.— ^ Hawfinch {Coccothraustes vulgaris). — We have had again this year at Hullbank a brood. I find the young birds keep with the old ones during the autumn and winter. On the 3rd December, a fine old cock Hawfinch flew against the dining-room large plate-glass window, and was so much stunned that I went out and saw it on the ground with its bill open, and quite unconscious. I took it in my hand, and replaced it, giving it the only chance to recover from concussion of the brain. In about twenty minutes it flew away and joined the rest of the brood in the adjoining trees. In the summer of 1893, a young Hawfinch flew against the drawing-room window and died within a few minutes. Many Blackbirds, Thrushes, Chaffinches, etc., fly against these windows and die every year. Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus streperus). — We have many nests in the reeds in my large pond at Hullbank. Hornsea Mere is also a very favourite place for their nesting. One year I found a nest about ten feet high in a yew tree overhanging the pond. Another year a pair made their nest and hatched their young in a black-currant bush in my kitchen garden which is about 200 yards from the pond. I have both these nests carefully preserved. Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). — A young Cuckoo was hatched in two consecutive years in a Water Wagtail's nest, situate in the walks between two windows of the library on the ground floor of * South Leigh, 3 Havant, Hants. Were the two eggs laid by the same Cuckoo ? Woodcock (Scolopax rusticold). — Extraordinary experience. — My son, Lieut. Haworth- Booth, R.N., was lately out shooting with his man near Queenstown, Ireland, when they flushed a Woodcock out of a small spinney, but marked it well down about 1 50 yards ofT on the edge of a small covert. They went carefully to the spot, and w r hen within about fifty yards of the place a large Hawk, a Peregrine, in splendid plumage, jumped off the ground and flew into a tree and lodged there for a moment. The man called * mark, 5 but my son said it was a Hawk and that the ■ cock ' would be there too. So they advanced, and when within a few yards of the spot marked my son saw on the ground with its tail fanned and wings spread open and head back, a beautiful Woodcock, which, springing forwards, he picked up. It was quite alive with fresh blood on it, and evidently had just been struck by the Hawk, having two marks on it, one on the breast and the other on the wing. The gamekeeper afterwards told my son he had known this Falcon come regularly for the last three years to this place at the same time with the Woodcocks. Well might Grumio say — * O this Woodcock ! what an ass it is ! ' Spotted Sandpiper {Tringoides macularius) {Notes, ■ Naturalist,' September November, 1895). — I almost think with Canon Tristram that this very American migrant finds its way via Iceland and the Faroe Isles to Norway thence to the East coast of England, where alone it has been found, in com with the other regular migrants. I should be glad to show my specimen to Mr. J. H. Gurney, or any other well known authority. B. B. HaWORTH -BOOTH. Hullbank Hall, near Hull roth TWomher. iSoC. Nat\irali*t, -5 3>n ^Tcmoriam. WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. B. 24TH November, 1816 ; D. 23RD June, 1895. The first loss from the list of distinguished men of science which constitutes the roll of vice presidents of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union took place on the 23rd June, 1895, when William Crawford Williamson passed peacefully away at his own house at Clapham Common. Our Union has suffered a severe blow, and our great Yorkshire naturalist will be missed wherever natural history, and especially wherever paleobotany is studied, for as a pioneer, an original thinker, and indeed the founder of a school, he was known and valued at home, - 1 I L «* . 1 : * .-'- i ; on the continent of Europe, in our distant colonies, and in the United States. Numerous tributes to his worth and genius have lead in abroad. Our distinguished lamented vice-president was born at Scarborough on the 24th November, 181 6. His father was John Williamson, of Scarborough, of whom he was wont to speak in terms of high respect and affection, and whose memory he has filially embalmed in the delightful memoir of him published in the Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society (new sen, vol. viii, part iii, pp. 295-313), 1894. A gardener by Jan. 1896, 26 IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. trade and liking, he was a great lover of plants, a keen observer of animals, and appears 10 have been, one may almost say, a born geologist. The subject of our memoir, therefore, was by inheritance a lover of nature and of a scientific turn of mind. John Williamson had several friends like-minded with himself, and his house was often visited by William Smith (the father of English geology) and his talented nephew, John Phillips, the renowned author of the ' Geology of Yorkshire ' ; by William Bean, the indefatigable marine zoologist and geologist; the Rev. George Young, of Whitby ; and John Bird, the artist for Young and Bird's well-known work on the Yorkshire coast. Nor can we doubt that the conversation of these and many other scientific visitors would be eagerly listened to and pondered by the young naturalist and tend to kindle the sacred fire of science which afterwards burned in him so brightly. In his physical surroundings, too, was our subject favour- ably placed, for where in the wide world can a tyro in geology find a more glorious succession of rocks so abounding in beautiful and instructive fossil remains as are exposed in the magnificent cliffs of the Yorkshire coast, ranging from Bridlington in the south to Saltburn in the north, and including nearly the whole of the mesozoic rocks in almost unbroken series, capped by the interesting glacial and drift deposits of a later age? This variety of rock succession is accompanied with very varied inland scenery — marsh, river-bank, pool, glen, wood, moorland, sandy shore, and barren upland presenting feeding-ground and shelter for a great variety of plant and animal life ; and no mean part of the early education of our friend was derived from the hunting for these specimens, their dissection, preparation for the museum, and the careful study of them in the field and in the laboratory. In 1829 a Literary and Philosophical Society was formed in Scarborough, and the Museum was built to which John Williamson was appointed keeper, when his collections were purchased for the sum of ;£75> of which, however, he generously returned £2$ as his personal contribution. In this environment, then, was laid the foundation of that plentiful harvest which Dr. Williamson so nobly produced in after years. In April, 1832, finding that scientific pursuits, however delightful did not furnish a satisfactory livelihood, he apprenticed himself to Mr. Thomas Weddel, surgeon, of Scarborough, with whom he remained until his removal to Manchester in 1835. The publication in 1833 of the researches of Witham on the minute structure of Carboniferous plants by means of thin sections, no doubt proved a stimulus to those researches of his which after- Naturalist, IN MEMORIAM .* WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON", LL.D., F.R.S. 27 wards became so famous. About this time he contributed many of the drawings of fossil plants which enriched the classical work of Lindley and Hutton, on the c Fossil Flora of Great Britain,' which was published in 1837. In 1834, in his 18th year, appeared the first productions of his fertile pen : ' A Notice of the Localities, Habits, Characteristics, and Synonyms of a rare British species of Mytilus'; 'On the Distribution of Organic Remains in the Lias Series of Yorkshire, with a view to facilitate its identification by giving the situation of the fossils' and ' A Description of the Tumulus lately opened at Gristhorpe, near Scarborough.' These papers were quickly followed by others on various subjects; and from this time to 1850, he appears to be preparing himself by general studies for his special life-work. The literature of this period deals with : — The Oolites of the Yorkshire Coast ; The Appearance of Rare Birds at Scarborough; The Limestones near Manchester; Undescribed Radiaria (1836); Fossil Coal Measure Fishes ; W. Lancashire Carboniferous Strata ; Fossil Fish Scales (1837); Fossil Fishes of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Coal Field (1839); Geological Specimens from Syria ; Distribution of Organic Remains from Lower Lias to Bath Oolite (1840); Fossils of Yorkshire Coast from the Upper Sandstone to the Oxford Clay; The Origin of Coal (1842); On Microscopical Objects, etc., from the Mud of the Levant (1845); The Real Nature of the Minute Bodies in Flints(i846); Recent British Species of Lagena; New British Campylodiscus (1848) ; On Structure and Shell of Polystomella crispa; Microscopic Structure of Ganoid and Placoid Scales and Teeth (1849) ; Structure of the Calcareous Shell of some recent species of Foraminifera (1850). Thus for 15 years what we may call the work of initiation went on : in the use of prepared microscopic sections for the study of fossil fish scales and foraminifera, and in the interest shown in Carboni- ferous rocks and the origin of Coal, we have the foreshadowing of the great work that was to come- In 1835 the office of Curator of the Museum of the Manchester Natural History Society, in Peter Street, was accepted. In 1842 he began practice as a medical man in Manchester, and so the naturalist, a Yorkshire man by birth, became a Lancashire man by adoption, to the honour of the two great English counties who may both claim him now as equally theirs. In 185 1 he was elected Professor of Natural History and Geology at Owens College, and in that year he published the first palaeobotanical paper, which was the forerunner of those splendid memoirs on which his chief fame justly rests ; it is entitled ' On the Structure and Affinities of the Plants hitherto known Jan. 1896. 28 IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.IX, F.R.S. as Sternbergiae.' However, another 17 years elapsed before he took up fully his life work, and some three years more passed before he published his first classic Royal Society's memoir on the 'Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures.' This period of 20 years may be regarded as one of preparation, during which he wrote many reviews for the magazines (' London Quarterly,' 'Good Words/ etc, and so improved his style; during which appeared his well known Ray Society's Monograph on the ' British Foraminifera/ and during which a great deal of good microscopical work was carried out, and the structure of Zamia (now known as Williamsonia) gigas, was investigated. The following papers belonging to this time may be cited, as follows : 'On the Structure and Development of the Scales and Bones of Fishes VOn Volvox glcbator' ; ' On Sternbergia ' ( 1 85 1 ) ; ' Minute Structure of a species of Fatijasina ' ; 'Anatomy of Melicerta fingens $ i 'Further Elucidations of the Structure of Volvox globator' ( X 8S3); On the Restoration of Za?7iites gigas" (1854). In 1854 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, so that at his decease he was one of the oldest Fellows of the Society. Papers followed 'On Histology of Dental and Allied DermalTissues'(i854-57). Some technical medical papers appeared in 1857; 'The Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain/ a beautifully illustrated work pub- lished by the Ray Society, London (1858), whose merits received recognition from the highest authorities at the time of its appearance ; ' Histological Features of the Shells of the Crustacea ' (i860) ; ' The Anatomy and Physiology of Foraminifera ' (1865) ; 'On a Cheiro- Footprint The Amoeba ' (1866) ; ' The Fresh-water Sponge' ; ' Contributions towards the History of Zamia gigas' (1868) j and here commences his first paper of that continuous stream of palseobotanical researches which extended over well nigh thirty years, 'On the Structure of the Woody Zone of an Undescribed Form of Calamite 7 (1868); followed by a paper ' On the Structure of an Undescribed Type of Calamodendron from the Upper Coal Measures of Lancashire' (1868); 'Additional Note on the Structure of Calamites' (1869); 'Structure and Affinities of some Exogenous Stems from the Coal Measures'; 'What is Bathybius?' (1869); 'On the Organisation of the Stem of Calamites' ; 'On the Structure of the Gizzards and Teeth of the Rotifera'; 'On a New Form Lancashire annia Daw 'On the Structure of the Dictyoxylons of the Coal Measures'; 'On the Classification of the Vascular Cryptogamia, as affected by Recent Discoveries amongst the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures' ; ' On the Organisation of an Undescribed Verticillate Strobilus from the Lower Naturalist, IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LLD., F.R.S. 29 Coal Measures of Lancashire'; ■ Exogenous Structure amongst the Stems of the Coal Measures' (1871). It will be seen that 1871 was marked by great intellectual activity, especially in the direction of original research amongst the fossil coal plants provided with microscopical structure. Many circumstances led to this rich effloresence, the fruit of which is embodied in his now famous Royal Society's Memoirs. In 1872 he resigned the department of Geology at Owens College to Boyd Dawkins. The period of preparation was passed ; the man and the hour were ripe, and precisely at this time the rich material of the Ganister-beds of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Coal Fields was poured with unstinted hand into the lap of Professor Williamson. An active band of geologists, headed by that well-known pioneer of paleobotany, John Butterworth, F.R.M.S., of Shaw, near Oldham (who was one of the first to apply successfully the method of sectionising fossil plants to the study of fossil botany), and including generous toilers from Lancashire, workers such as J. Nield, George Wilde, and Isaac Earnshaw, supplemented later by James Lomax (to whose skill the well-known larger sections are due). All these vied with each other in providing precious material for the great work ; from Yorkshire, too, came friendly aid, and many valuable and new specimens were placed in the g professor's J hands by James Spencer and James Binns, due to their untiring energy and perseverance in the collection and study of the Halifax material. From 187 1 to the close of his laborious and useful life, Dr. Williamson issued a continuous series of books and papers which, as a monument of scientific labour and research, may well astonish us. This year saw the appearance of the first part in the be ■6 monographs * On the Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures/ This is Part L, ' Calamites/ and was followed by 18 other memoirs in continuation of this remarkable work, supplemented by three more written in connection with Dr. Scott, F.R.S., of the Jodrell Laboratory, Kew, of which, however, the two last are yet in the press. In addition, however, to this herculean work, nearly every year saw the publication of many other papers from the untiring pen of the author, amongst which we may cite ' Notices of Further Researches of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures' (1872) ; 'On the Fern Stems and Petioles of the Coal Measures'; 'On Coal and Coal Plants' (1S73); 'Primeval Vegetation in its I Doctrine of Natural Selection and Evolution ' (1874). work became fitlv recognised, for in 1874. the Royal So< And now his him with its gold medal in recognition of his researches. Then Jan. iSq6, 30 IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. appeared papers ' On the Structure of Stigmaria ' ; ' On Some Fossil Seeds'; 'Corrections of the Nomenclature of Objects Figured in a Memoir on Objects from the Mud of the Levant' (1875); 'Recent Researches into the Organisation of Some of the Plants of the Coal Measures 7 ; 'On Some of the Physiological and Morphological Features seen in the Plants of the Coal Measures' (1876); 'On the Microscopic Conditions of a Slab from the Mountain Limestone of Holland ' ; ' On the Supposed Radiolarians and Diatoms of the Carboniferous Rocks' (1878); and ' On the Botanical Affinities of the Carboniferous Sigillarias ' (1879). In 1880 he was happily relieved from the Zoological department of his professorship, and enabled to concentrate his energies on Botany alone. 'Episodes in the Life of a Field Geologist' (1880); Preliminary Remarks on the Microscopic Structure of Coal; 'The Evolution of the Palaeozoic Vegetation' (1881); 'On Helophyton Williamsonis' (1882); ' Les Sigillaires et les Lepidodendries ' was written for Les Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1882, in conjunc- tion with M. Hartog. 'On the Morphology of the Pitcher of Cephalotus folliadaris* ; 'The Present State of our Knowledge of the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Age'; 'On Some Anomalous Oolitic and Palaeozoic Forms of Vegetation'; 'Biographical Notice of an Eminent Yorkshire Geologist — John Williamson ' (1883). The year 1883 was signalised by the conferring on him of the LL.D. of Edinburgh ; then came a paper • On Undescribed Tracks of Invertebrate Animals from the Yoredale Rocks, etc/ (1885). This year the Royal Academy of Gottingen made him an honorary member. Before referring to the publications of the next decade it may be interesting to refer to Williamson as a lecturer. In 187 1 he lectured on the Natural History of Paving-Stones at the Hulme Town Hall, Manchester; in 1874, at the same place, on Earthquakes and Volcanoes; in March 1875, he lectured at the City Hail, Glasgow, on the Dawn of Animal Life ; and at the same place, in Noveml r of the same year, on Coal and Coal Plants ; again, at Manchester in 1876, on the Succession of Life on the Earth; in 1877, at the City Hall, Glasgow, on the Ice Age ; and in 1878, on Insectivorous Plants. at the Town Hall, Pendleton. The lectures here enumerated were all published, but a great many of a somewhat less formal character have not been preserved. As a lecturer, Dr. Williamson was one oi the most popular of the Gilchrist band : his clearness, vivacity, hi hearty, straightforward, racy language, his facile use of the chalk on the blackboard, drew to him large audiences, especially amongst tht hard-headed, shrewd toilers of the northern towns. It was at these lectures that some of his co-workers among the coal flora first made Natural!**- IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. 3 1 his acquaintance and were fired with the same zeal for scientific work which permeated himself; nor was it among these only that he proved helpful, for he stimulated many others too. As a man he was genial, cheerful, shrewd, observant, social, and pleasant company j and here I may venture to insert an interesting communication respecting him, for which I am indebted to the kind generosity of H. C. Sorby, LL.D., F.R.S., etc., who writes : ' I first made the acquaintance of Professor Williamson about 45 years ago in a railway carriage, when we were both returning from Scarborough. I afterwards went to spend a day with him during a visit to my cousin, Mr. James Nasmyth, when he was practising as a surgeon at Manchester. He took me to the interesting deposits of limestone at Ardwick, and showed me the microscopical sections he had prepared of the teeth and scales of fossil fishes. He was then also preparing sections of fossil plants. I had never previously seen such sections, and on my return home I prepared some myself, and was very soon led to extend the method to limestones, slates, and other rocks. He was thus largely instrumental in leading me to develop that subject, which has since grown to be so extensive. I think the next time we met was long after, when we were the recipients of the Royal Medals of the Royal Society. Afterwards I occasionally met him in Manchester and London, but we had then progressed in very distinct branches of study, and our conversation was mainly in connection with w*ater-colour landscape drawing and other subjects not directly connected with science.' The last decade of Professor Williamson's life was marked by unabated scientific enthusiasm and toil ; no doubt the happy influences of a peaceful home and the companionship of a lady in every way fitted to minister to his wants were an immense help to him. Dr. Williamson was twice married, and his second wife, then Annie Copley Heaton, the niece of Sir Henry Mitchell, was staying with her uncle during the British Association Meeting held at Bradford in 1873 ; they there met, where the professor was a guest, and from there were married in 1874. All who have been the guests of Dr. Williamson and his wife will know how very happy that union was, how valuable a helpmeet he found in one who so gracefully directed the charming establishment at Fallowfield, with its botanical gardens and rich stores of scientific material. The professor, too, seems to have been very fortunate in his children : his daughter, a son by the first marriage (practising now as a successful solicitor in Manchester), and a younger son (devoted to art) by his second marriage. We shall never forget the picture presented on the garden at Fallowfield, at an ■ At Home,' held during the visit of the British Jan. 1896, / $2 IN ME MORI AM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. * Association to Manchester, when Dr. Williamson, bright, genial, vivacious, conversed cheerfully with first one and then another of his distinguished callers, amongst whom were prominent the vener- able and venerated Dr. Asa Gray, the leading botanist of America, Dr. DeBary, and Count Saporta. Alas ! all have since joined the great majority, and he too is now with them. The last decade was as prolific as ever ; one after each other in addition to the ' magnus opus ' which dominates all the rest, there appeared papers ' On the Morphology of Pinites oblongus* (1886); 'On Goethe as Botanist and Geologist'; 'On the Relation of Calamodendron to Calamites * ; and the grand ' Monograph of the Morphology and Histology of Stigmaria ficoides' (1887); 'On Some Anomalous Cells Developed Within the Interior of the Vascular and Cellular Tissues of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures ' ; 1 On the Fossil Trees of the Coal Measures ' (1888) ; ' On the Present State of the Inquiry into the Microscopic Features of the Coal of the World ' (1889). In 1890 the Geological Society of London awarded him the Wollaston Gold Medal, the answer to which came in the shape of more memoirs and papers : ' On our Present Knowledge of the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Age' (1891); and 'On the Mineralisation of the Minute Tissues of Animals and Plants' (1892). The time had now come when Dr. Williamson began to feel the need of more leisure, and so his connection of 40 years with Owens College came to an end. He removed with his family to London, but not to rest. The scientific fire still burned bright, and in order that he might present his views in the modern terminology of a new school of botany, he associated himself with Dr. Scott, F.R.S., and the result was two or three more of his valuable memoirs. At the request of his valued friend Graf Solms Laubach, he set himself the task of providing an index to his memoirs and published his ' General Morphological and Histological Index to the Author's Collective Memoirs on the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures' (1891-1894). During his long career of scientific research, Dr. Williamson accumulated, without doubt, the finest collection of micro-prepara- tions of fossil plants in the world, rendered immensely valuable by the rich series of type specimens which it contains, and numbering nearly 3,000 specimens ; perhaps no living man knows this collection nearly so w r ell as Graf Solms Laubach, and the high value he sets upon it may be estimated by his confession that when he began the work for his * Einleitung in die Palseophytologie, 7 he soon realised that it was quite impossible to produce such a book without an accurate knowledge of Williamson s collection of sections. Naturalist. IN MEMORIAM : WILLIAM CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S. 33 In 1892, another paper appeared written jointly with Sir Wm. Dawson, C.M.G., F.R.S., on € Sigillaria and Stigmaria,' and one by himself ' On the Genus Spl^nopt^^m.' For many years our friend was the honoured President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and it was fitting that one of his last papers should be written for them, entitled, 'On the light thrown upon the question of the Growth and Develop- ment of the Carboniferous Arborescent Lepidodendron by a study of the details of their organisation.' Probably the last memoir he wrote was a biographical sketch of his old and valued friend and contemporary co-worker in paleo- botany, the Marquis de Saporta — a pathetic finish to a noble life ! His relation to the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union was both pleasant and profitable. His attitude is rightly defined by Mrs. Williamson, who writes us : ■ He loved the Society intensely/ This is neither the time nor place to estimate the full value of Professor Williamson's scientific work, nor does the writer feel himself competent for such a task ; but, at least, he was the great pioneer who placed paleobotany on a new and sound basis. A valuable critical estimate of his life's work may be found in Graf Solms Laubach's able notice in ■ Nature ' of 5th September, 1895. The visitor to the large geological room at the Owens College Museum may see a mighty specimen of the root or rhizome of Lepidodendron, moved to its present position, with great enthusiasm and carefulness by Dr. Williamson, from the quarry at Clayton, near Bradford, where it was found. It has been suggested that it forms a magnificent monument to the subject of this memoir — for, like it> Professor Williamson Dying left behind him Footprints on the sands of time. William Cash. NOTES AND NEWS. Beginning with the number for January this year, 'Lincolnshire Notes and Queries/ which is quarterly, and in its typographical aspect reflects great credit on the Horncastle press, now includes a Natural History Section separately paged and under the editorship of the Rev, E. Adrian Wood ruffe -Peacock. The editors of the Antiquarian Section are the Rev. J. Clare Hudson, M.A., and Mr. E. Mansel Sympson. MA., M.D. From Messrs. Swann & Co. we have received ■ The International Naturalist Directory' for 1896. It is a little pamphlet of 42 pages, and, as might be expected from the smailness of its size, it is by no means a complete work. The number of societies given numbers no more than 35 for the whole world, whereas, in fact, a single English county actually possesses a greater number. The lists of individuals whose names are included are similarly incomplete, some of the inclusions, as well as of the non-inclusions, being unexpected. Feb. 1896. c 34 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. NO TE— TRICHOPTERA . Abundance Wh last November, I noticed a Trichopteron in large numbers, specimens of which I recently took to my friend Mr. G. T. Porritt to name. He informs me it is the rare Hales us guttatipennis^ and that previous to my capture there were only three British collections which had the species represented, and then only by single specimens, viz., those of Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Porritt, and the Royal Dublin Society. — G. C. Dennis, 39, Blossom Street, York, January, 1896. NO TE— ORNI THOL OGY. The Cormorant in Yorkshire. — The stranding of the * Earl of Beaconsfteld ' at Kingborough will, no doubt, be remembered by readers of the * Naturalist.' Part of the vessel still remains with one mast standing. A pair of Cormorants (Pkalacrocorax carbo) have frequented the vessel for the last four years, and may generally be seen sitting on the yard. This winter there are three, and two more are said to have been shot by a Withernsea man. It seems probable that the local opinion— that they nest in the mast — is correct, though I do not think that anyone has been to the top to see. An attempt was made last year to remove the wreck, but the idea has been abandoned. On May 3rd, I saw three Cormorants on Hornsea Mere, towards Wassand. On being disturbed they settled on the boundary boards, and remained till I was tired of watching. — T. Petch, Hedon, Hull, Jan. 14th, 1896. NOTES— HYMENOPTERA. Sirex gigas near Hull. — A female was caught by myself at Hullbank in Sept. 1887. I saw it flopping about with one wing injured, on the river Hull near the bank. According to Donovan, this species was considered rare in England, though common in Germany. I heard of another — also an injured specimen — caught last summer at Hornsea. — B. B. Haworth-Booth, Hullbank Hall, Hull, nth Jan. 1896. Plague of Wasps near Hull in 1893. — In the summer of 1893 there was a plague of Wasps, especially in South East Holderness. The Queen Wasps occasionally hibernate under the bark of decayed trees. My gardener took and killed eighteen Queen Wasps which he found under the splitbark of a large Silver Fir which had been struck by lightning in the summer, and cut down in the winter for firewood.— B. B. Haworth-Booth, Hullbank Hall, Hull, Jan. nth, 1896. NOTE— LEPIDOPTERA. Lepidoptera near Beverley in 1895. — Mr. James R. Lowther, of Beverley, an enthusiastic lepidopterist, informs me that he has obtained the following specimens of Lepidoptera during the past season in the neighbourhood of Beverley : — Ampkidasis prodromaria {strataria\ March 16th, one, bred from dug pupae. Dicranura Jureula, May 8th, one at rest. Cucitllia umhratica y June 1st, one, and Chelonia plantaginis, fifty, at Drewton Dale, Yorkshire. D. furcula, September 3rd, one larva on willows. Dasypolia templi^ October 30th, one ; November 12th, one ; November 23rd, one. The D. templi were take?i during the daytime, resting on a wall. A. specimen of Ptecilocampa populi, November 23rd. He also notes the capture of one Sphinx convoluli in the Cattle Market, Beverley, about the middle of October, which afterwards came into his possession. Dasypolia templi is of uncommon occurrence in the East Riding, whilst Chelonia plantaginis has this year been very abundant in Drewton Dale. — W. Hewett, York, January 2nd, 1896. Naturalist, THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE EDWARD PEAKE, M.A., Assistant Master, GiggUswkk Grammar School, Settle, The following notes are from observations and inquiries made by myself in the neighbourhood of Settle during the last ten years. The extent of my investigations has been limited by the nature of my professional duties, absence during holidays, and athletic pursuits. I should like the paper, therefore, to be considered as intended to give a rough guide to those who take interest in, or mean to study, the ornithology of the district. If it interests any reader of the ' Naturalist ' I shall be proud. The district over which my rambles have extended consists principally of the fell country round Penyghent and Ingleborough to the north, and Malham Tarn to the east, the watershed from which, on this western side, flow the Wenning and the Ribble with their tributary streams. The district is remarkable for being scantily wooded, the chief woods being in the neighbourhood of Clapham and Lawkland. Hedges do not exist, their place being taken by stone walls. Thus our characteristic birds are those that frequent the tarns and streams, or the scars, or the moors and pastures. Fifty years ago a certain amount of land was ploughed, and roots and oats grown, but now the plough is an obsolete implement. The Ribble above Settle is for the most part a swift-running stream with a rocky bed, but about two miles below it flows through a flat stretch of land, winding, with many crooks, through alluvial soil, with a deep, slow stream. This part of the river is known as the Deeps, and it continues of this character almost as far as Cow Bridge by Long Preston. Here many water-fowl may be found in winter, and here also may several of the spring migrants be first seen. No trees grow on the banks, and there is nothing to obstruct observation except a few willow bushes ; at the same time the dykes give the means of cautious approach. Besides Malham Tarn there are several small tarns, such as New Houses Tarn above Horton, and the one at the north end of Fountains Fell. I have heard it said that waterfowl are scarcer in this valley since the construction of the lake at Coniston, near Gargrave. Through the kindness of Mr. Tottie, of Coniston Hail, r 1 am able to include some records from there. 36 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. I am especially indebted to Mrv John Foster of Horton, who is himself a good ornithologist, and whose father made a collection of the rarer birds of the district, some of which are in Mr. Foster's possession. The collection of birds in Giggleswick School museum is of no local importance, having been collected from various sources by Mr. Clapham, of Austwick, who presented it to the School. I have been much assisted in my inquiries by Mr. Clapham, and Mr. Coulthurst, of Bowerley, and Miss Watkins, of Lawkland; and have received much help in collecting evidence from Mr. D. R. Smith, now headmaster of Richmond Grammar School, and many Giggleswick boys. Nor must I forget to mention the local stuffers, Messrs. Harrison of Clapham, and Hardacre of Giggleswick, and * Bird Dick ' of Austwick. Turdus viscivorus. Missel Thrush. A certain number breed here. Flocks on the higher grounds in autumn. Turdus musicus. Song Thrush. Abundant in the breeding season* Its migration may be clearly marked. Before the leaves begin to fall, as many as twenty at a time may be disturbed from the thorn bushes near the river ; by December only a few are left in sheltered gardens ; in February and March the return may be noted by their singing, first in gardens, then in more out-lying places, and by the appearance of little bands of four or six here and there, and by their being found on the hills, under shelter of the walls, evidently on their way north. Distinctly later and fewer in 1895. Turdus iliacus. Redwing. Winter visitant : appears in varying numbers, often in company with Fieldfares. More likely to be seen on the lower grounds in January and February. Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. Winter visitant ; more regular in its appearance than the Redwing. By the beginning of November may be looked for on the hills to the north. Was seen as late as May 14th by the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in 1892. Turdus merula. Blackbird. Abundant. Its departure is not so easily marked as that of the Song Thrush, but very few remain in midwinter. The return is mostly in the latter end of February and in March. I have a note of a dying Blackbird being found on the top of Ingleborough (2,373 feet) on March 12 th. L Turdus torquatus. Ring-GuzeL Summer visitant, arriving at the end of March. Nests commonly in suitable places. Naturalist, PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUXA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 37 Cinclus aquaticus. Dipper. Local name, ■ Douk. 5 Abundant wherever there is swift-running water. Numerous on the Ribble in autumn and winter, but seems to retire up the becks and higher streams for the nesting season. Its vigorous singing, even in the coldest weather, is remarkable. Saxicola oenanthe. Wheatear. Local name, 'Stonechat.' Abundant in summer. If watched for in the right places, by March 20th, I believe, some few will be seen. It seems to arrive earlier than farther south. Pratincola rubetra. Whinchat. Local name, ' Grasschat.' Fairly abundant in summer. Pratincola rubicola. Stonechat. The only note I have of its occurrence is of one frequenting High Rigg for several days in March 1886. Journal J page 131 Ruticilla phcenicurus. Redstart. Numerous in summer, finding suitable nesting-places in the walls near gardens and plantations. Erithacus rubecula. Robin. Fairly abundant. One comes across it sometimes in winter in the stone walls, far from human habitation. Sylvia cinerea. Whitethroat. Fairly abundant in summer. Sylvia curruca. Lesser Whitethroat. I have not come across it myself, but believe it is of rare occurrence on the Lawkland side. Sylvia atricapilla. Blackcap. Summer visitant. Not very common. Sylvia hortensis. Garden Warbler. Summer visitant: regular and more common than the Blackcap, I think. Regulus cristatus. Goldcrest. Some breed here, but it is commoner in winter. Phylloscopus rufus. Chiffchaff. Does not breed here. Mr. Foster has heard it at Lawkland. I heard and saw one in 1894 on September 14th and 23rd, my only note of its occurrence. Phylloscopus trochilus. Willow Wren. Very abundant in summer. number size of the spots. I have seen a nest built on the top of above in the ivy on a wall. teb. 1896. 38 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER KIBBLES DALE. Phylloscopus sibilatrix. Wood Wren. Very regular in certain places in summer — e.g., I hear one every year in the plantation at the back of Giggleswick Grammar School. Acrocephalus phragmitis. Sedge Warbler. Nests here and there near the Ribble, and in marshy, willow-growing places, as on Swarth Moor. Reputed Nightingales, which once brought out crowds of people to Gildersleets, near Settle, and also near Clapham, were perhaps of this species. A local naturalist said they were fools for their pains, for k 'Twas nobbut a Bothering Betty.' Locustella naevia. Grasshopper Warbler. Its eggs have been taken on a moss near Lawkland, where it seems to come regularly in small numbers. Accentor modularis. Hedge Sparrow* Local name, ' Dicky Dunnock. 3 Fairly abundant. Acredula rosea. Long-tailed Tit. Small flocks occur in winter. Nests occasionally, but not regularly. Parus major. Great Tit. Locally called 'Blackcap/ Abundant. Parus britannicus. Cole Tit. Does not nest in any numbers. Commoner in winter. Parus caeruleus. Blue Tit. Abundant. Certhia familiaris. Creeper. Not very common, at any rate in summer. Has nested at Lawkland Hall, between a creeping plant and a house wall ; I have known one caught in a trap at the foot of a tree. Troglodytes parvulus. Wren. Abundant. Occurs sometimes in the walls on the hills in winter ; the only bird perhaps seen for miles. Seems to sing later than other birds in the summer, even into August. Motacilla lugubris. Pied Wagtail. Numerous in spring and summer. Returns very regularly about the second week in March, and it is exceptional to see one after the second week in October. In March and April many may be seen every day on the banks of the Ribble below Settle, evidently passing on migration. Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. Mr. Foster has seen them at Horton. Doubtless a skilled observer would find some among the migrating birds just mentioned, especially in April. Motacilla melanope. Grey Wagtail. Not uncommon ; not quite so regular as lugubris in its migration, though on the whole its times are the same. I have notes of seeing it on the Ribble in November and December. Naturalist, PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 39 Motacilla raii. Yellow Wagtail. Abundant in summer on the pastures, returns in the middle of April, and not many are to be seen after September has begun. Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit or Titlark. Very common in summer. The most frequent victim of the cuckoo. Occurs sometimes in winter on the river-banks, in hard weather. Anthus trivialis. Tree Pipit. Locally called 'Woodlark.' Fairly numerous in summer. Lanius excubitor. Great Grey Shrike. Mr. Foster remembers one being brought to him, which was shot near Wharfe. Lanius collurio. Red-backed Shrike. I have been told that a nest was found near Tosside ; w r hich may be correct, as it is recorded in Bowland, 1879, in the 'Birds of Lancashire.' One in Mr. Tottie's collection at Coniston was got in April 1864. Ampelis garrulus. Wax wing*. Several were shot near Clapham about t86o. Two of these are in the possession of Mr. Burton, of Clapham. Muscicapa grisola. Spotted Flycatcher. Common summer visitant, Muscicapa atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. I have no evidence of its occurrence, but as it breeds lower down the Ribble at Gisburne, and again farther north, I expect it may rarely occur. Hirundo rustica. Swallow. Abundant in summer. A variety with white wings was seen this year (1895) at Lawktand. Chelidon urbica. House Martin. Abundant in summer. Nests under the edges of rock on the face of Malham Cove (Yorkshire Vertebrates). Cotyle riparia. Sand Martin. Nests regularly in the river banks by the Deeps; also at Malham Tarn. Arrives about April 1st. Carduelis elegans. Goldfinch. Used to be fairly common. Now rare. A few seen near Austwick, October, 1895. L Chrysomitris spinus. Siskin. One shot with Redpolls in February 18S6. Ligurinus chloris. Greenfinch. Fairly abundant in the breeding season; does not remain in midwinter. Coccothraustes vulgaris. Hawfinch. Has nested at Coniston. It is found also north of us at Kirkby Lonsdale and Appleby. Feb. 1896. 40 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. Passer domesticus. House Sparrow. Abundant. Fringilla coelebs. Chaffinch. Local name, * Bull-spink.' Numerous in summer ; less so in winter, when one rarely sees the female. Begins singing with regularity about February 16th. I have once seen the cock bird sitting on the eggs. Linota cannabina. Linnet. Local name, 'Thorn Linnet. 7 Is now uncommon ; used to breed at Lawkland. Linota rufescens. Lesser Redpoll. Local name, 'Chivey Linnet/ Nests in a few places ; occurs in small bands in the winter. Linota flavirostris. Twite. Local name, ' Ling Linnet.' A colony nest on Swarth Moor. Pyrrhula europaea. Bullfinch. Occurs in small bands in winter, and has bred regularly, but is becoming rarer, chiefly owing, no doubt, to its being so much sought after by local bird-fanciers, who teach them to whistle their favourite airs. Loxia curvirostra. Crossbill. Rare winter visitant. Some were shot in January 1888 by Mr. V. Birkbeck. Emberiza miliaria. Common Bunting. Not at all common. Emberiza citrinella. Yellow Bunting. Local name 'Yellow Yowley, and Yowring.' Its rarity or absence in this stone wall country is most marked. Personally I have seen no evidence of it nearer than Bentham in the Wenning valley. Emberiza schceniclus. Reed Bunting. Common ; begins to return with regularity early in March. Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. Regular winter visitant. May be met with on Ingleborough or Penyghent, or on high ground like Malham Moor. The flocks often consist of young birds, not remarkable for the typical white plumage. Alauda arvensis. Skylark. Though it is said to have decreased, is still numerous in places during the nesting-season. Sturnus vulgaris. Starling. Local name 'Shipster.' Very abundant in summer ; breeds in the limestone crags and scars. I hear the first young Starlings in the nest regularly about May 1 8th in this neighbourhood, yet there are small flocks about at the end of May or beginning of June! A notable number breed in the masonry below the railway-bridge at Giggleswick Station. The Starlings that frequent a house where pigeons are kept at Giggleswick sometimes fly round and round for play, evidently imitating the habit of the pigeons. Naturalist, PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 41 Garrulus glandarius. Jay. So uncommon, that it is easily kept down by preservers of game. Pica rustica. Common ; have seen as many as twenty together in January. Once found five nests in one tree, two with eggs. Corvus monedula. Jackdaw. Numerous ; finds very con- venient nesting-places in the limestone scars. Corvus corone. Carrion Crow. Local name, ' Ket Crow/ Not uncommon ; congregate in winter ; have counted as many as 29 together on the hills behind Stackhouse in January. I have a note of a Crow's larder found in the same direction, where remains lay of the eggs of Lapwing, Partridge, Snipe, Sparrowhawk, Blackbird, Thrush, Barn-door Fowl, and the skulls of small Rabbits. A curious ash-coloured variety is in Mr. Coulthurst's collection, killed in October 1885. A pearl grey variety was shot near Coniston in December 1894. Corvus cornix. Hooded Crow. Has occurred at Coniston, e.g., October 1895. Corvus frugilegus. Rook. Numerous. The weather seems to make little or no difference in the date of beginning to nest, judging from observations of a rookery at Beck House, ( liggleswick. This rookery (which, by the way, is not * shot ') varies little in the number of nests each year. Corvus corax. Raven. Some few still survive among these north-western hills, and breed if not molested. A keeper from Dentdale told me this autumn that he knew of 11 that roosted at one particular spot. I have seen them in November as near Settle as the Attermire Cliffs, where their barking cries added to the wildness of the scene. Cypselus apus. Swift. Not uncommon; arrives with regularity, I believe, about May 6th. Caprimulgus europaeus. Nightjar. Local name, ■ Night- hawk/ Not common. The juniper bushes on Moughton are a favourite resort. Their jarring noise is locally called 'hurring.' I hear its flight-call of • pluck, pluck, pluck,' near Settle in May and June at night. Some of the inhabitants, who do not otherwise know the bird, call it by the name of 'Gabbieratchett/ This seems to be a particular use of the name, though it may also be used in a wider sense, of any birds whose cries, as they pass over at night, are mysterious. In the * Ornithological Dictionary * it is said ■ Mr. Chas. Swainson (Provincial Names of British Birds, p. 98) gives u Gabbleratcbett * as a name of the Nightjar, but satisfactory proof of that statement seems to be wanting/ See also Lucas' 'Studies in Nidderdale.' Feb, *£ 9 6. 42 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. Dendrocopus major. Great Spotted Woodpecker. Used to be known here. I have seen one that was shot in Clapham Woods, but believe it to be very rare now. Alcedo ispida. Kingfisher. Breeds in suitable spots, and seems to have increased somewhat of late years. My notes of its appearance on the Ribbie are generally in Oct. and Nov., and again in January. Cuculus canorus. Cuckoo. Common summer visitant. Miss Watkins, who has found many eggs, observes that it never occurs amongst a full clutch, and suggests that the cuckoo tastes one or more of the victim's eggs to test if they are yet incubated. Strix flammea. Barn Owl. Not very common. One has for many years nested under the roof of the Hostel at Giggleswick Grammar School. A fine young bird with slight down covering its plumage, was blown down by a gale on Nov. 7th, 1888. Asio otus. Long-eared Owl. Not common. Has bred at Lawkland. Asio brachyotus. Short-eared Owl. Local name 'Moss-Owl/ Occurs occasionally in autumn on the moors, by the wall-sides ; has nested at Mai ham, and Mr. Hammond's keeper at Arncliffe has a case of the parents and young, taken near there. Syrnium aluco. Tawny or Wood Owl. Fairly common. Miss Watkins has found one at Lawkland, nesting in a rabbit- burrow. Buteo vulgaris. Common Buzzard. Occasionally occurs, especially in winter. Has bred recently in Dentdale. Asking a keeper the other day about this bird, he told me there was one hanging on his door at that moment. Astur palumbarius. Goshawk, Lord Henry Bentinck's keeper at Dee Side, near Dent Station, has a badly preserved specimen, shot by him ten years ago. Accipiter nisus. Sparrowhawk. Fairly common. Milvus ictinus. Kite. Local name 'Glead/ Used to occur not infrequently in the memory of some, especially near Wharfe, and on Greygreth. Pandion haliaetus. Osprey. Reported as seen at Coniston in April 1852. s s apivorus. Honey Buzzard. Mr. Foster has one in his collection which was shot by himself on Penyghent. Naturalise, PEAKE : THE AVI-FAl XA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 43 Falco peregrinus. Peregrine. Still breeds among these North Western Hills, if not molested. There are some fine specimens in local collections. A fine young falcon was killed at Stockdale in Dec. 1894. Several landowners of the district luckily do what they can to protect this and other rare birds, as the Raven and Merlin. Falco assalon. Merlin. Still breeds on several moors, though far from common. Tinnunculus alaudarius. Kestrel. A common bird till recently, the scars affording good nesting-places. A nest was found in 1894 in a barn at Rathmel ! Sula bassana. Gannet. One was killed on Lawkland Moss within the memory of Mr. Foster. Ardea cinerea. Heron. Local name 'Yony Crony.' One or two pairs are said to have nested in Cockett Wood a few years since. They visit us from south and north. The nearest heronries are at Eshton, near Gargrave, and Browsholme to the south, and Ashton near Lancaster, and near Kirkby Lonsdale to the north. I have a note of 17 being seen together in October. Botaurus stellaris. Bittern. No doufc Mr. Burton of Clanham shot one in iS< formerlv Anser cinereus. Grey Lag" Goose. Rare winter visitant. Anser segetum. Bean Goose. Rare winter visitant. Anser brachyrhynchus. Pink-footed Goose. Occasional in winter. Mr. Swale, oi Ingfield, has one that was shot out of a flock at Lodge several years ago. Anser albifrons. White-fronted Goose. Mr. Coulthurst has one which he shot on the Deeps in January 1891. Cygnus musicus. Whooper Swan. Swans appear occasionally in winter ; I have notes of their occurrence at the I >eeps, Conistor and Clapham. A flock of 10 or more, some 'grey/ were on th« Deeps for many days in January 1893. I saw a fine adult, belonging to this party, which was shot at Bookilber. It weighed 17 lbs., and measured 7 feet from wing to wing. Anas boschas* Mallard. Common, and breeds. Dafila acuta. Pintail. Mr. Coulthurst has one in his collection of local birds. Spatula clypeata. Shoveller. Occasional in winter on the Deeps, and has occurred at Coniston. Feb, 1896. 44 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. Querquedula crecca. Teal. Occurs in winter in varying numbers. Nests at Malham. Mareca penelope. Wigeon. Perhaps the commonest Duck in winter. Rathmell Beck is a favourite place. Fuligula ferina. Pochard. Occasional on the Ribble, and not uncommon at Coniston, and at Malham, where it breeds. Fuligula cristata. Tufted Duck. Occasional on the Ribble in winter ; has been shot at Lawkland. May often be seen on Malham Tarn. In j October. The fact of its having nested there is recorded in the Yorkshire Vertebrates. Occurs at Coniston. Clangula glaucion. Goldeneye. Occasional in winter on the Ribble, and at Malham and Coniston. Tadorna cornuta. Sheldrake. Occasional at Coniston. CEdemia nigra. Common Scoter. One in the Coniston collection was one of the number captured near Skipton in April 1879. CEdemia fusca. Velvet Scoter. One was shot by Mr. Fosters father in Feb. 1841, on the high lake at Clapham. After having missed it twice with an ordinary charge, he secured it with a wire cartridge ! Mergus merganser. Goosander. Not uncommon winter visitant at the Deeps, Malham, and Coniston. Occurs, I believe, with some regularity in February and March. In 1894 several frequented Malham Tarn all March, when I had the rare opportunity of seeing the male in full plumage. I have heard of seven trout being taken from the crop of one of these birds ! L Columba palumbus. Ringdove or Woodpigeon. Local name 'Cowshut.' Fairly abundant; large flocks frequent the Ings by the Deeps all the early months of the year. Columba cenas. Stock Dove. Locally called 'Rock dove/ Breed regularly on the scars ; nest early. I have seen them in January. Mr. Foster m; once nested in Hull Pot. pair Syrrhaptes paradoxus. Pallas' Sandgrouse* In the Wesleyan Nat., Oct. 1888, it is stated that a pair were for some time on the moors near Settle, and bred successfully. On July 91 the birds, nor remains of shell, and am not aware if it is considered a well-proved case. Naturalist. PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 45 Tetrao urogallus. Capercaillie. Mr. Foster's father once shot one in the woods about Claphani. In vol. 3, p. 48, of the last edition of Yarrell it is said ' Mr. Harting states that its bones were found at Settle amongst Roman remains.' Phasianus colchicus. Pheasant. Occasionally wanders from preserves to outlying plantations. Perdix cinerea. Partridge. The 'Yorkshire Vertebrates' says : 1 Rare in Upper Ribblesdale/ but, Mr. Foster says, depends upon the season. They frequent certain spots on the higher grasslands, even in fairly hard weather — near Victoria Cave and in Stockdale, for instance. Lagopus scoticus. Red Grouse. There are many moors in the neighbourhood. Above Horton, where the Midland Railway passes between moors, the telegraph-wires are laid in a single row horizontally. Whernside is noted for silver varieties. Tetrao tetrix. Black Grouse. Occurs occasionally, e.g., at Horton, and at Darnbrook in 1893. Mr. Foster says the late Mr. H; success. Arncliffe Rallus aquaticus. Water Rail. Has occurred at Coniston, Rathmell, and on Austwick Moss, where it has been known to breed. Crex pratensis. Corncrake or Landrail. Local name, 4 Dakerhen.' Not uncommon. Ortygometra porzana. Spotted Crake One in the possession of Mr. Burton, of Clap ham, was shot by him near Lawkland Hall in 1880. Gallinula chloropus. Moorhen or Waterhen. Numerous on the Ribble where there are willows, and on swampy places. Fulica atra- Coot. Numerous on Malham Tarn all the year round ; have found its nest at New Houses Tarn. Occasional in winter and spring (March) on the Ribble. Charadrius pluvialis. Golden Plover. Breeds numerously on the higher grounds. I have found its nest near the summit of Ingleborough more than once. Flocks pass over sometimes in winter, but as a rule they have left by November, and return in February or early March, though sometimes not dispersing to their breeding-grounds till somewhat later. 46 PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIP>BLESDALE. Eudromias morinellus. Dotterel. Used to be sought for on the hills, about Whitsuntide, by local anglers, for the sake of their feathers ; but they say none have been shot for more than five years. Vanellus vulgaris. Lapwing. Local name ' Tewit.' Abundant. Flocks visit the lower grounds in winter, but they return gradually to their breeding-grounds at the end of February. A considerable trade in the eggs is carried on at Settle. Many curious varieties may be seen amongst them. A peculiar variety has a white ground colour, with small black spots, no bigger than a pin's head. Diminutives are less rare than double-yolked eggs. Scolopax rusticola. Woodcock. Winter visitant; and probably breeds, having been seen in April, June, and September, and is recorded as having nested at Whitewell in Bowland in the 'Birds of Lancashire.' Gallinago major. Great Snipe. In Harting's Handbook of British Birds it is recorded that two were shot on high ground, Malham, September 6th, 1862. It is probable that it is of occasional occurrence. Gallinago ccelestis. Common Snipe. Breeds in abundance. In autumn as many as 20 may be flushed together. They are fewer in winter, though I counted 11 together on December 7th. I used to surprise many on muddy spots in the Ribble, in the dry March of 1892, in the day-time, which instead of flying off, crouched and assumed the stock-still position, always lowering the point of the beak to the ground first. Limnocryptes gallinula. Jack Snipe. Winter visitant. February is the best month for them. Tringa alpina. Dunlin. Nests near Malham Tarn, and has nested on much lower ground at Lawkland. I have seen one in winter plumage at Malham in March, and in April have come across them singly on Ingleborough and Fountains Fell Besides its ordinary cry of ' prill/ it utters a loud scolding note, reminding one of the Whitethroat's noise, and there is no more charming sound than its nesting-song, if one may call it so, which is a long-continued trill like a fisherman's reel, or a whistle with a pea in it. Tringa maritima. Purple Sandpiper. Some were once shot on Camm Fell by Mr. T. T. S. Metcalfe, and are in his possession. wm Natural i> PEAKE : THE AVI-FAUNA OF SETTLE AND UPPER RIBBLESDALE. 47 Totanus calidris. Redshank. Nests at Malham in some numbers, and sporadically elsewhere in the district. Returns on the Ribble with regularity the second week in March. Totanus hypoleucus. Common Sandpiper. Local name, 1 Tillie Little.* Abundant in summer. Totanus ochropus. Green Sandpiper. I see one in winter by the Deeps from the end of October to April, the 14th being the latest date ; has been shot at Lawkland. Limosa rufa. Bar-tailed Godwit. One was shot at Lawkland in August 1892 ; in the possession of Mr. Watkins, of Austwick. Numenius arquatus. Curlew. Breeds numerously, returning early in March. Occasional in winter, e.g., a flock frequented the Deeps for some while after the N.E. gale in November 1893. Sterna fluviatilis. Common Tern. Terns occasionally occur, especially after gales, in autumn. One of this species was picked up in August 1894 at Bleathwaite. Larus ridibundus. Black-headed Gull- Appears occasionally, following the course of the river, generally in March and April, though I have seen them in June. Larus tridactylus. Kittiwake. Occasional in winter and spring. Larus canus. Common Gull. Occasional in winter and spring, especially when the floods are out. Larus argentatus. Herring Gull. Occasional in winter or spring. I have often seen them wheeling over Settle in February, with wind N.W. Larus fuscus. Lesser Black-backed Gull. Occasional in spring, but most often in June, in which month a pair some- times frequent the Ribble near the Deeps, but do not breed, I think ; I have also seen one at Malham Tarn in June. Lestris parasiticus. Richardson's Skua. One shot near Whelpstones in the autumn of 1889. Procellaria pelagica. Stormy Petrel Has been picked up on the hills in the memorv of Mr. Foster. Alca torda. Razorbill. One picked up at Malham Tarn in March 1894, in the possession of the keeper. Colymbus septentrionalis. Red-throated Diver. Mr. Foster has one, which was shot on Swarth Moor. A Diver, said to be Great Northern (C. glacialis), was seen on Coniston Lake in 1867. ■ fr'eb. 1896. 48 NOTES AND NEWS. Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe. I saw one on Malharn Tarn on June 7th, 1895, and heard its guttural kraw, but obtained no evidence of its breeding there. Podiceps cornutus. Sclavonian Grebe. Mr. Foster has a female obtained near Nether Lodge in Ling Gill Beck, a few- years ago. Tachybaptes fluviatilis. Little Grebe or Dabchick. Numerous on the Deeps and on Malham Tarn, at any rate in spring and winter. Nests at Malham, and in 1886 eggs were taken from a deserted Coot's nest at New Houses Tarn. I have several times noticed several in close company on the Ribble in March. Out on Malham Tarn this bird does not behave with its usual shyness, and its ways and noises may be easily observed. Besides its ordinary tinkling call-note of ' Kee, Kee/ it utters a loud whinnying cry. NOTES AND NEWS. From Mr. J. H. Gurney, F.Z.S., we have received a reprint of his paper in the Norfolk and Norwich Transactions ' On the Recent Abundance of the Little Auk {Mergiiius alle % Linn.) in Norfolk/ in which he records the occurrence of 285 examples. Much Yorkshire information is also included, especially the observations of Mr. W. J. Clarke near Scarborough, where 'thousands' were seen. From Prof. Herdman, D.Sc, F.R.S., we have a reprint of his presidential address to the British Association's Zoological Section at Ipswich this year. The sub-titles ' Oceanography/ ■ Bionomics,' and ■ Aquicuiture ' indicate to the initiated in technical terms the scope of the paper, which is full of interest, much of it arising from the Professor's own Liverpool Bay observations. Further notes from the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expedition will be of interest. Writing to Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, concerning dredging for marine life, Mr. Harry Fisher mentioned that a couple of dredges had been constructed as suggested, but that • Dredging will be impossible for some time to come. It will be done from a whale-boat only, probably not before the *' Windward : ' leaves — she will go immediately the ice opens. Until that time we cannot use a whale- boat probably. Besides that we shall have to be cautious in this neighbourhood, the sea-bottom being strewn with boulders large and small.' Mr. Fisher also writes: 'The ice is so very difficult to understand, we have no idea when it will open. A gale of wind from the North might open it after blowing continuously for three days, perhaps less, but no sunshine will open it. We are within half a mile of the spot where the M Eira " went down in 1882, and about fifty miles from the spot where the Austrians abandoned the "Tegetthoff." No other vessels have ever been here. If you receive a letter from me it will be one of the first ever sent from F. J. L. The crews of the "Eira" and "Tegetthoff" both returned in whale-boats by Novaia Zemiya. The botany of this region is as far as I know, rather better than may be supposed, but really I have had no opportunity to investigate it. . . . Our lowest reading of thermometer now in February, viz. — 55* F., our highest is to-day -f 33 F. Birds abound here, but species are few. Forty Bears have been killed — some Walrus— only one Seal. We cannot expect Seal until the ice opens out. Foxes' tracks we see, but not the animal. I followed one up the cliffs, where she had been, with a very small cub, after the birds. I found her hole, but not the fox. One of the crew saw a family a few weeks ago.' Naturalist, 49 gn ^Icmoriam LORD TABLEY AND PROF. CARDALE BABINGTON. In December and July of the year just over, Botanology has had to deplore the decease of two of its not least eminent Gamaliels of science, whom it was the privilege of the writer to have been brought into contact with. In Lord Tabley (J. B. Leicester Warren) we saw an instance of that dual genius which must ever be rare, the union of the true poet with the accurate scientist. As a poet of deep and in the Classic crucible (as to form of expression) that distinguished Savage Landor and in a less degree the elder Darwin — he had attained a wide recognition amongst the cultured ; and in no lesser sense, to a generation of field-botanists now in their prime, were the results of his broad views and acute observations in the field, in connection with the Brambles and the neglected Docks, appreciated as specially valuable. So fond or proud was he of the Rosacea^ and Polygonacere that his very Book-Plate embodied conventionalised representations of the Blackberry, Rose and Rumex of his native land. It is greatly to be regretted that his long-looked-for Flora of Cheshire, for which he had amassed much detail, has not had the benefit of his final arranging. With Yorkshire his connection was slight enough, but he had visited the Sheffield district with the late Mr. Newbould for bramble study, and to the same end he carefully went over, named and annotated the writer's gatherings of that genus. The result, of value still and for all time, in a broad common-sense view of affinities modified by environment, due to his experience and acumen, may be seen in ' West Yorkshire ' and the writer's later * Flora/ At no time, either, had I an intimate acquaintance with the Cambridge Professor of Botany, who died at a ripe old age in July last, nor was his tie with the North of England either close or current* yet he, too, visited Sheffield, Whitby and the dales in years long past with eyes open for his 'beloved blackberries/ and his * British Rubi* (1869), as well as later 'Notes' due to correspondence about them with Gilbert Baker, the writer, Fox Lee, etc., contain many references to the county o( broad acres, and testify to his skill and ingenuity as the pioneer-chief of the ' splitting J school. But of late years — though in no unkind spirit is it said— the ageing Professor's prowess in classification, his grasp of those small essentials which confer the ability to name dried specimens of such a critical group as Rubi, at any rate, fell to its nadir. So much so that, friend and whilom disciple, the Hon. J. L. Warren (as he was then) wrote to me in 1876 : 'Both Bloxam and Babington are practically out of the field Feb. 1396. 50 NOTES AND NEWS. now as regards getting anything like a bramble name from them ; Briggs and Webb are as good as any one, I think, now.' Alas ! all the four have alike left us. But I quote for the purpose of fixing a point of transition ; a new era in ru biology was beginning, the way of looking at things was altering, until to-day, thanks to contact and concertion with continental observers in their wider field, the brambles are understood more rationally than ever before. More approachable than Lord Tabley, Prof. Babington's services to young aspirants after a field knowledge of native plants, were such as the votaries of English Flora cannot soon forget. With his ' Manuals' from 1843 onwards, marvels of concise arrangement from the first, the fifth edition specially making 4 a new departure,' and his fc Flora of Cambridge' (i860) he may be said to have toed the mark and led off in showing how the spring should be made across the stream of academic formalism to the bank of lowly wild flowers, waiting in beauty on the other side, and taught us how to love them the better for the introduction he gave ! His Pythias, his intimate friend and unobtrusive collaborator in this work for the cause of botany, was, for long years, the Rev. W. W. Newbould. My recol- lection of keenest unalloyed joy, in res Botanicce, is of a visit with the two to Wicken Fen to make the acquaintance of Viola (stagnina) in her humble home. Another red-letter day was a train trip to Canvey Island to gather the lovely Lathy rus tuberjsus. The writer's correspondence with him (regrettably, yet naturally) practically ceased with the issue of the West Yorkshire Flora in 1889. F.A.L. NOTES AND NEWS. The ' Journal of Conchology ' for January contains a useful list of the Land and Freshwater Mollusea of the English Lake District, by Captain W. J. Farrer, in which may be noted the discovery of Vertigo inoulinsiana near Keswick, and a record of the introduction of the non-native Helix cantiana. It is a pleasure to note that the Conchological Society, which flourished so well at Leeds for about twenty years, is increasing rapidly in numbers now that its headquarters are transferred to Manchester, the Lancashire naturalists joining freely now that the Society holds its meetings in their county. The • Journal of Conchology,' which is the Society's official organ, resumes its usual aspect, now that the very long paper on Lifu shells has come to an end. The elaborate and lengthy paper in which Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., and Mr. Robert Standen have enumerated the Shells sent from Lifu ana 1 Uvea, Loyalty Islands, by the Rev. James and Mrs. Hadfield, has been reprinted from the 'Journal of Conchology 5 in the form of a Manchester * Museum Hand- book.' It is illustrated by a couple of plates, and on the cover is an excellent sketch map of the Loyalty Islands and New Caledonia, The authors in naming new species and varieties have shown themselves not ungrateful for even the smallest assistance rendered by their Lancashire friends. Naturalist, 5 1 AQUATIC INSECTS. The Natural History | of j Aquatic Insects | By | Professor L. C. Miall, F.R.S. | with Illustrations by A. R. Hammond. F.L.S. | London | Macmillan and Co. | . . | 1895 i • • [8vo. cloth, pp. xii 4-395, **& illustrations in the text]. This is a remarkably interesting and fascinating work, and deals with an astonishing number of forms of aquatic insect life. The details of structure and life-history are multitudinous in their array and the work is evidently the result of many years' diligent and systematic investigation in the field and in the library, in which the author has been assisted by numerous helpers, of whom three Messrs. W. F. Baker, T. H. Taylor, and J. J. Wilkinson— are specially thanked in the preface. The scope of the work includes an account of all the different types of aquatic insects, their habits, mode of life, development, and such details of their structure as are found to bear upon the life-history. The introduction deals with water and its surface-film, and with generalities concerning aquatic insects. The water-beetles are treated of in the first chapter, flies with aquatic larvae in the second, aquatic hymenoptera in the third, aquatic caterpillars in the fourth, caddis- worms in the fifth, the alder-fly in the sixth, stone-flies in the seventh, may-flies in the eighth, dragon-flies in the ninth, pond- skaters, water-scorpions, and water-boatmen in the tenth, the water springtail in the eleventh, and insects of the sea-shore in the twelfth, while in the last chapter are summarised the contrivances of aquatic insects, their modes of locomotion, of feeding, of respiration, attack and defence, egg-laying, etc. We shall all sympathise most warmly in the Professors admiration for the works of the sreat zoologists of the olden time — Swammerdam, Reaumur, Lyonnet, and De Geer — and in his desire to promote the study of what he calls live natural history; and we are glad to see that in his preface he expressly disclaims any intention to disparage the study of systematic zoology. This in itself is a great advance upon the spirit shown by a few biologists, who appear to think that, because they are not systematic, they may be loose and inaccurate. But Professor Miall gives excellent advice to students in the course of the work. We might, however, take exception to a remark on p. 26 which seems to imply that a student of natural history or anatomy need not be accurate in naming his species. We hold, on the other hand, that it detracts from the value of otherwise good anatomical or life-history work of the subject if it be not accurately and precisely determined, and we can recall as a case in point that Prof. M, Lawson published an account of the anatomy of Umax 11 52 NOTES AND NEWS. maximus, the mollusc he described being in reality Avion ater. It would be an excellent thing if all would-be biologists or anatomists were compelled first to go through a year or two's training in the collection of natural history specimens in the field and their specific determination in the closet, with the object not only of enlarging their mental horizon, but also of impressing on their mind the fundamental value of strict scientific accuracy and precision. We have, in conclusion, to mention the excellence of the many clear illustrations by Mr. Hammond, which are placed where required in the text, instead of being relegated to the obscurity of plates, and to congratulate the author on the excellence and interest of his work. NOTES AND NEWS. Some of our readers will be interested to note that — beginning with last November— the Manchester Museum is available for public inspection on Sundays. Some interesting observations on the teratology of Parnassia palnstris have been made in the neighborhood of Scarborough by Mr. I. H. Burkill, who- describes them in the 'Journal of Botany ' for January of this year. Our valued contributor, the Rev. E. Adrian WoodrufTe- Peacock, of Cadney near Brigg, has recently been elected to the Fellowship of both the Linnean and the (ieological Societies. The ninth volume of the * Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society '' shows that the Society is in as flourishing a state, and doing as good work as ever, in the investigation of the marine life of the Irish Sea. In addition to revisions of former lists, notes on individual species, and an account of the investigations made in 1894 °& the Lancashire Sea-Fisheries Laboratory,, there is a report by Mr. Edwd. T. Browne, B.A., on the Medusa 1 of the district. Some of the plates appear to be an advance upon those of former reports. From Mr. John E. Robson, of Hartlepool, we have received for notice ■ The | Pterophorina of Britain ! — | a | Monograph | By I J. W. Tutt, Esq., F.E.S., j . . 1 — j Reprinted from "The British Naturalist." | — | To be had from | John E. Robson, Hartlepool.' In this book, which runs to 161 pages in length, we get a full, detailed, and interesting account of what is known of the * Plume Moths,' in which nothing is overlooked or neglected. Typographically, however, the work is not ideally perfect, and it has two inexcusable faults, that the book is- not dated, and that it does not show the original pagination. The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press have sent us * A Text-Book of Zoogeography' by Mr. F. E. Beddard, M.A., which constitutes one of their admirable series of Cambridge Natural Science Manuals, The subject of Zoological Geography is herein handled with much ability by Mr. Beddard, who adopts Mr. Sdater's system of zoological regions, and with the aid of a few very simple maps, and some simple typographical methods of graphic representation, explains the leading phenomena of distribution. We note that Mr. Beddard, as l>ecomes the learned monographer of the Oligochcets, draws many of his illustra- tions from that group, as well as from the higher and better-known groups. Naturalist,, 53 A CRITICAL CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS : FROM ALL KNOWN SOURCES. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar ofCaducy, Brigg ; Organising and Botanical Secretary of tJu Lincolnshire Naturalists* Union; Curator of the Lincolnshire County Herbarium, SEVENTH PAPER. See explanations given in the preceding papers. Xa:., 1894, pp. S5-92, 133-140, 213-220, 257-264, 337-344- Nat -> tS 95, PP- 95'*o2, 280-301 PRIMULACE.E (continued). Anagallis arvensis L.f Native. Recorded for all Divisions except 4.6.9.18. Var. pallida Hooker. Native. Recorded for Divs. 2. 7.1 0.16. Herb. Brit. Mus. Anagallis cserulea Schreb.t Native. Recorded for 2.4.5.7.8.9. 1 1. 13.16. 'In addition to the blue variety, I have often found specimens with pink, buff, and cream-coloured flowers.' J oh 1867, p. 235. 4 In a dry stubble-field I found a specimen with pale lilac flowers.' — Rev. E. R. Walker, by letter, 1895. Anagallis tenella L.t Native. Recorded for all Divs. except 3.8.11.12.14.17.18. Cextuxculus mi xl mus L. Native, if with us now. Osgodby, once in a sandy lane near, 1877-79; F. A. MS. Florida, in my possession. Samolus valerandi L.f Native. All Divs. except 2.4. 15. 18. OLEACE.E. Fraxinus excelsior Lf A more than doubtful native. All Divs., for it is universally planted as a hedge-row tree. Self-seeding. Sir Joseph Banks says it is found under the peat in our fens. See Journal of Science and Art, vol. 2, p, 244. Abraham de la Pryme says, 'The ashes are as soft as earth/ when dug out of the fens, ' and are commonly cut in pieces by the workman's spades ; and when exposed to the open air fall away into dust.' See PhiL Trans. r No. 275, p. 9 8 °- On the other hand, the late W. Marshall says, ' The Ash I have never found in carrs of Fens.' See Miller and Skertchly's The inland, p. 294. My friend Mr. Alfred Atkinson, of Bri engineer to the Ancholme Drainage Commission, has never met Feb. 1896. 54 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. with it. See also the Rev. G. S. Streatfeild's Lincolnshire and the Danes, 1884, pp. 70 and 225, concerning place names which may be called after this tree. Ligustrum vulgare L.t Native. All Divs. except 6.9.14.15.17.18. APOCYNACE/E. Vinca major L.t An escape. Divs. 2.8. 10. n. 13. Vinca minor L.t An escape. Divs. 11. 13.15. 16. GENTIANE/E. - Blackstonia perfoliata Huds.t Native. All Divs. except 2.14. 17.18. Erythraea Centaurium Pers.t Native. All Divs. except 6.9.12. 17.18. f. flore albo.t Div. 5. Grayingham, in the Foxcover, 1890-94 ; J. G. Nicholson. Erythrsea pulchella Fr.t Native. Divs. 4.9. 10. n. Gentiana Pneumonanthe L.t Native. Divs. 2.3.5.6.7. 10. 13. Gentiana Amarella L.t Native. All Divs. except 1.4.7. 12.16. 17.18. Var. praecox Raf.t Native. Div. 15. Grantham to Ancaster, 6.6.1774; Sir John Cullum. Specimens in Sir J. E. Smith's Herb, at the Linnean Society. Verified J. E. Harting, 1894. West Willoughby, old quarry, 1894; Miss S. C. Stow (F.A.L.). Gentiana campestris L.t Native. Divs. 5. 13. 15. Very- rare now. Menyanthes trifoliata L.t Native. Recorded for all Divs. except 8. 1 6. 1 7. 1 8. Limnanthemum peltatum S. P. Gmel.t I do not know what to say of this species. Divs. 15. Grantham to Woolsthorpe, in the Grantham and Nottingham canal, 1860-70; E, M. Browne. But no specimen is known. In Syston Laket in the Hall park, 30.8/95 ; Misses M. O. and S. Craster. Along with Ranunculus circinattts Sibth., Myriophylhim spicatitm L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Elodea, and Chara hispida L., which I received at the time with it from the same sheet of water. POLEMONIACEJ-. Polemonium caeruleum Lf Alien escape. Divs. 2.8.1 1. 15. boragine.e. Cynoglossum officinale L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.3.6.7.9.10.11. 13. 1 4. 16. Asperugo procumbens L.t Alien with foreign corn seed. Div. 6. Lincoln, 1893; Rev. R. W. Goodall. Naturalist, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 55 Symphytum officinale L.t Native. Divs. 3.5.7.8.10-14.16-18. Var. patens Sibth.f Alien escape from cultivation. Divs. 2.3.14. Symphytum tuberosum L.+ Native, but very rare. Div. 5, Blyborough,t 1892 ; Miss M. G. W. Peacock (Ar. B.). Div. 16. Bourn, in Faulkner's Decoy, 1837, along with S. officinale L. ; Rev. J. Dodsworth's Interleaved Flora, in my possession. He was a most careful and exact botanist. Borago officinalis L.t Alien escape. Divs. 2.5-12. Axchusa semper j'/rexs L. Alien escape from a garden. Div. 11. Skegness, 6, 1890. Figured from a specimen found there in Miss M. Lane-Claypon's Paintings, Lycopsis arvensis L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5-f.9-1 1*13. . Myosotis caespitosa F. Schultz.t Native. Divs. 1.5.7.9. 11. 13. Myosotis palustris Relh.f Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-17. Var. STRiGULOSA Mert. & Koch. Native. Divs. 1.2.7. See Rev. W. Fowler in ' Naturalist/ 1888, p. in. Myosotis repens G. Don.t Native. Divs. 7.1 1. 13. Myosotis Divs. 7. 13. 16. Myosotis arvensis Lam.t Native. Divs. 1-14. 16. 17. . umbrosa Bab.+ Native. Div. 3. Howsham ! in Poolthom Cover, and in shady ditches, 1894 (W. F.). Myo Myo Native. Divs. 2.3.7.8.10-12.14.15. >.f Native. Divs. 5. 7. 9. 10. 12. 13. 15 Lithospermum purpureo-cjeruleum L. ? See Nat., 1895, P* l6 7* The Rev. J. K. Miller's plant may have been an escaped Collomia. One with a blue corolla was sent to me to name in 1893. Lithospermum officinale I..f Native. Divs. 2.3.5-7.11-14-16. Lithospermum arvense L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.5-8. 10-15. Echiurn vulgare L.f Native. Divs. 1~3.5-7.9-16. CONVOLVULACEE. Volvulus sepium Junger.f Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-17. \T Junger.f Native. Divs. 9. 1 1 . Convolvulus arvensis L.f Native. Divs. 1-14.16.17 mum Murr.t Native? Div. 7. Xova Scotia Common, Osgodby, 1877-79 ; F. A. Lees. Div. 14. Billinghay,t 1895 5 Mrs. Walker. Sleaford,! 1895 ; J. Larder (Ar. B.). Cuscuta Trifolii Bab.t Alien, with foreign clover seed. Divs. 1-2.7.8.11.13-15. Feb. 1896. 56 WOODRUFFE-PE ACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. SOLANACE.E. Solanum Dulcamara L.t Native. Divs. 1-5. 7-14. 16.17. f. flore albo.t Native. Div. 2. Scunthorpe, in Coney sby Pits, 1895 ; Lees and Fowler. Solanum nigrum L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.5-7. 10-14. 16. 18. Lycium barbarum L.f An escaped African alien. Divs. 1.3.7. 9.11.14. Atropa Belladonna L.t Alien without question. Divs. 6.10. 12. 16.18. Datura Stramonium L.t Alien. Divs. 2-5.7.8. 1 1.12. 18. Hyoscyamus niger L.f Native. Divs. 1 17. SCROPHULARIINLE. Verbascum Thapsus L.t Native, but more often an escape. Divs. 1-3.5.7. 10-14. 16. Verbascum Lychnitis L.t Alien escape. Divs. 5.13. It used to grow on an old wall in Church Lane at Gainsborough, circ. 1850, Dr. John Lowe. Mere, 1895 ; Miss Pears. ? It is about twenty years, more or less, since I can remember them growing on this spot. All but one plant being V. nigrum L/ — A. P. Verbascum nigrum L.t Alien escape. Divs. 6.1 2. 13. 15. Verbascum virgatum Stokes. Recorded in Sir W. J. Hooker's Flora, 1835, 3rd ed., as found by John Nicholson, of Lincoln. The locality is given 'near Lincoln.' N. or S. not recorded. There is no Lines, specimen, however, in Hooker's Herb, at Kew. H. C. Watson recorded it again in Supp. to the C.C.B., 1872, but I believe it was only the Nicholson-Hooker record reproduced. The collection I believe to be John Nicholson's, which at least contains some of his plants, has a specimen so named, but it is V. nigrum L. The collection is in the hands of Mr. Charles Simpson, of Lincoln. In any case this species is a casual or escape. Verbascum Blattaria L.t Escape or casual Divs. 3.10.14. Cadney,t 1895; Job Richardson. It has been on this spot many years. West KeaK 1879; Burgess' Paintings. Rusk- ington,t 1895 ; Rev. W. W. Mason (Ar. B.). Linaria Cymbalaria Mill.t Escape. Divs. 2.3. 5-8.10.11. 14-16. Linaria Elatina Mill.t Native. Divs. 6-8, 10.11.13-16. Linaria spuria Mill.f Native. Divs. 6-8. 14- 16. Linaria vulgaris Mill.t Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-16. f. flore pelorio. Native. Divs. 2.5.6.15. E. M. Browne's Herb. spurred Naturalist, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 57 Linaria viscida Moench.f Native. Divs. 2-5.7-1 1. 13-16. New to the fens and carrs; introduced with ballast from the railway lines, where it is the most frequent casual. Antirrhinum majus L.f A garden escape. Divs. 2.6.8. n. 13. Antirrhinum Orontium L. Native, but very rare indeed. Divs. 13(2). 14. Stapleford and Thurlby, 1890; H. Fisher's Herb. Brauncewell, circ. i860; Dr. John Lowe. Scrophularia aquatica L.| Native. Divs. 1-5.7.8.10-14.16. Scrophularia nodosa L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5-8.10.11. 13.14-16. Mimulus luteus L.f Garden escape. Div. 15. Hough, 1864; Rev. R. H. Charters. Limosella aquatica L. Native, if still with us. Divs. 12.16. Skirbeck Hundred, 1856; R Thompson. Bourn Fen, in pits, 1838 ; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Sibthorpia europ^ a L. Recorded for Div. 15. Honington, by R. Gough, in his edition of Camden's Britannia, 1789. But as j Hydrocotyh it is no doubt Gough's mistake. It is not an uncommon one. See F. A. Lees' Outline Flora. Digitalis purpurea L.f Native, but more often an escape. Divs. 2.3.5-8.10.11.13.15.18. Veronica hederasfolia L.f Native. Divs. 1-4.7. 8.11-14.16.17. Veronica polita L.t Native. Divs. 1-3.7.9.11. 13.16. Veronica agrestis L.t Native. Divs. 1-7.9-14.16.17. Veronica Tournefortii C Gmel.t Colonist. Divs. 2.3.5.7.10. Veronica arvensis L.f Native. Divs. 1-7.u-14.16.17. Veronica serpyllifolia L.t Native. Divs. 1-3.5-8.n-14.16.17. Veronica s pic at a L. Escape. Div. 16. Bourn Abbey, gravel walks, 1838 ; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Veronica hybrida L.t Alien. Div. 14. Billinghay, 1895 ; Mrs. Walker. Veronica officinalis L.t Native. Divs. 1-3.5.7.8.10-13.16. Veronica Chamaedrys L.t Native. Divs. 1-5.7-8.10-17. Veronica montana U Native. Herb. Brit. Mus. Divs. 2.7. n. Veronica scutellata L.t Native. Divs. 2.6.7. 10.11. 14. Var. hirsuta Weber. f Native. Div. 7- Market Rasen ! 1895 ; Mason and Peacock. Willingham, 1877-79; F - A - L^ Florida in MS. Veronica Anagallis L.f Native. Divs. 1-4.6-18. Feb. it . 58 W00DRUFFE-PEAC0CK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Veronica Beccabunga L.t Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-16. Euphrasia officinalis L.t Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-16. Euphrasia Rostkoviana Hayne.f Native. Divs. 7.13. Bartsia Odontites Huds.f Native. Divs. 1-8. 10-16. f. flore albo.t Divs. 3.15. Pedicularis palustris L.t Native. Divs. 1. 2.4.6-14. 16. f. flore albo.t Div. 13. Pedicularis sylvatica L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.5.7.8. 10.11. 13. 16. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L.t Native. Divs. 1 16. Rhinanthus major Ehrh.t Native. Divs. 1. 2.5-7.9-1 5. 17.18. Melampyrum cristatum L. Native. Div. 16. Witham-on- the-hill and Awnby, 1837 ; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Careby Wood, 1885 ; E. M. Browne's Herb. The Rev. W. Fowler in 1880. Herb. Brit. Mus. Looked for but not found in season 1895. Melampyrum arvense L. Casual. Div. 4. Scartho, 1868 ; Rev. W. H. Daubney. * I found one plant of this species, but never another/ — W.H.D. Melampyrum pratense L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.5.7.8.10.11.13. 15.16. OROBANCHACE K. Orobanche major L.t Native, but unaccountably rare. Morton, by Gainsborough, f circ. 1860-70 ; Miss Stanwell. On U/ex. East of Laughterton Wood,t 1894: Frank Mills. Div. 6(2). the locality is in Rutland. j Orobanche elatior Sutton, t Native, but almost as rare as the last. Divs. 6(2). 13. Fillingham, near Summer Castle, Dalton's Herb. York Mus. South Carlton J Miss Potterhanworth, t 1894; Rev. W. W. Mason (Ar. B.). There in 1895 ! Orobanche minor Sm.t Native, but sometimes introduced with Trifolium seed. Divs. 3. 13. 16. Barton, 1892; Miss K. G. Firhank. On T. pratense L. Heighington,t 18S4; J. S. Sneath (Ar. B.). On Plantago lanceolata L. Witham-on-the Hill, circ. 1837 ; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Lathraea squamaria L.t Native, but rare. Divs. 2.7.11.15.16- LENTIBULARIE.K. Utriciilaria vulgaris L.t Native. Divs. 1-6.9-1t.13.14.16. Utricularia minor L.t Native, but I fear extinct. Divs. 5.16. Bogs near Laugh ton, not common; T. V. Wollaston. See Naturalist, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 59 Phytologist, vol. 1, p. 522. Bourn. t ' Tunnel bank ditches/ 1838 ; Rev. J. Dodsworth (Ar. B.). Pinguicula vulgaris L.f Native, but growing rare. Divs. 1-3. 5-7. 10.15. 16. VERBENACE.K. Verbena officinalis L.f Native. Divs. 2-4.6.8. 10. n. 14. 16. LABIATzE. Mentha longifolia Huds. (i.e. M. sylvestris L.)f Native, or very old colonist. ' Menthastrum spicatum folio longiore caudicantc* Found by Mr. M. Lister growing in Burwell Beck, in Lincoln- shire, plentifully/ J. Ray's Catalogue, 1670, p. 207. It is growing by the side of the same stream to-day. Divs. 1.8. 10, 11. 16. Mentha viridis L.f A garden escape. Divs. 7.1 1. Mentha officinalis Hull.f Native. Divs. 7.13. Holton-le-Moor. 1878 ; R A. Lees' Florula in MS. Doddington, 1862 ; Rev. R. E. G. Cole (Ar. B.). Mentha hirsuta Huds.f Native. Divs. 1-8.10-14.16.17. Var. subglabra Baker.t Native. Divs. 7.8.13. (Ar. B.) f. subspicata Whe.f DIv. 12. Leverton, 1894; Rev. W. Mason (Ar. B.). Mentha sativa L.f Native. Divs. 1.2.7.12.13.16. Var. paludosa Sole.f Div. 14. Sleaford, 1895 ; J. Larder (Ar. B.). Mentha rubra Sm.f Native, but rare or overlooked. Divs. 7? 13(2). Rasen, 1877-79 ; ' A tall red stemmed mint used to grow by the Rase in several places, but I did not know the mints w ees at that time, and so cannot be positive about it Florula in MS. Doddington and Skeilingthorpe, 1865; Rev. R. E. G. Cole (Ar. B.j. Mentha arvensis L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.7.10.12. 13.16.17. Var. hybrid between type arvensis < praecox Sole.f Divs. 10.12. (Ar. B.). Mentha pulegutm L. Div. 12. Skirbeck Hundred, 1S56 ; P. Thompson. No doubt an escape or mistake. Lycopus europaeus L.f Native. Divs. 1-3-5- T-M- 16 - Origanum vulgare L.f Native. Divs. 1.2.8.11.13.15- f. flore albo.t B rough ton Woods, 1893, the Hon. Mrs. R. N. Sutton-Nelthorpe. Thymus Serpyllum Fr.t Native. Divs. 1.2.4-8.10.11.13-17- Thymus Chamjedrys Fr. Div. 10. South Ormsby, 1879; Burgess' Paintings. Naturalist, 1893, p. 330. S96, 6o WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Calamintha Clinopodium Spenn.f Native. Divs. 1-2.5.7.8.10. ■ 13-16. Calamintha arvensis L.+ Native. Divs. 1.2. 6. 7. 10. 13-15. f. flore albo.t Native. Divs. 2. 13. 14. Calamintha parviflora Lam. This was recorded by Mr. F. A. Lees in his Outline Flora, 1892, on the authority of a specimen in the Bogg Herbarium. On the sheet in that Herbarium, which now forms part of the County Herbarium in the Museum at Lincoln Castle, there is a note in Mr. Lees' handwriting, 1 No officinalis? This was added after the publication of the Outline Flora, just before he sent the specimen for the County . Herbarium. The personal mark (!) of verification in the field after the name of this species in the Outline Flora seems to have slipped from its place after the next species — C. officinalis. It is added again after the verified Bogg specimen, which is never Mr. Lees 7 custom when he has seen a specimen in the field himself. I have also a further note in the Locality Register — Div. 14. Brancewell, circa i860; Dr. John Lowe. But I believe this to have been the next also. Calamintha officinalis Moench.t Native. Divs. 3.6.8. 10. 11-14. This is a rare species with us. Melissa officinalis L.f Garden escape. Div. 10. Coningsby, 1893 J Rev. F. S. Alston. Salvia Verbenaca L.f Native. Divs. 3.5.6.8.10.11.13.15,16. Saliva prate mis L. Garden escape. Div. it. Partney, 1888; J. T. Burgess' Paintings, from this specimen. Naturalist, 1893, Nepeta cataria L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5. 8.10.13.15. 16. Nepeta Glechoma Benth.t Native. Divs. 1-17. Scutellaria galericulata L.f Native. Divs. 1-16. /'. flore also. ] >iv. 16. Tongue End, Bourn, 1838; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Scutellaria minor Huds.f Native. Divs. 2.5.7.16. Prunella vulgaris L.t Native. Divs. 117. f. flore albo.t Divs. 13.16. f. flore roseo.f Divs. 2.12. Marrubium vulgare L.t Native? Divs. 2.5.6.9-12.14.15.17. c tachys Betonica Benth.f Native. Divs. 1-5.7.8.10.11.13-16. f f. flore albo.f Divs. 3.7.15 Naturalist 6i BIBLIOGRAPHY: with North of England. PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1890. The present instalment has been compiled and arranged by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. Previous instalments of the botanical bibliography have been published as follows : For 1884, in 'Naturalist,' Sept. 1885, pp. 331-336. 1885, „ June 1886, pp. 174-179- 1886, „ Dec. 1890, pp. 359-374- 1887, „ April-May 1891, pp. 125-133. 1888, „ June 1891, pp. 189-199. 1889, „ March 1894, pp. 93-112. The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are the following, as named and numbered in the Watsonian scheme : 53, Lincoln S. ; 54, Lincoln N. ; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby: 58, Cheshire; 59, Lancashire S. ; 60, Lancashire W. ; 61, York S.E. ; 62, York N.E. ; 6 3 , York S.W. ; 64, York Mid-W. ; 65, York N.W. ; 66, Durham; 67, Northumberland S. ; 68, Cheviotland; 69, Westmorland with Furness ; 70, Cumberland ; 71, Isle of Man. Anon, [signed 'F.W.G.']. York Mid W. Flowers in Bloom [on Nov. 10th, 1883, near Ilkley ; Lychnis foscuculi and Geranium robertianum\ Nat. World, Jan. 18S4, p. 16. Anon, [not signed]. Notts. A Memorable Tree [noting- the fall during" a recent gale of the 'Major Oak' or 'Cockspen Tree' near Edwinstowe (Querats rohttr); dimensions given]. Gard. Chron., Feb. 9th, 18S4, p. 182. ANON, [not signed]. Excursion to Malham and Gordale Scar [June 22nd ; Actcea, Bartsia alpintZy Primula farincsa, Sesieria c&rulea, Pclygonatum officinale, Trollius. Melica nutans, Hippuris vulgaris^ Potamogeton lucens, Polemonium, Thlasp alpestre, Orchis bifolia, and O. latifolia noted]. Report of the Lower Mosley Street Schools Nat. Hist. Soc, Oct 1SS4, p. 10. Derbyshire. York Mid W. Axon, [signed 4 R. D.']. A Remarkable Lime Tree [{Tilia ? ) ; in the grounds of the New Bath Hotel, Matlock ; at least 300 years old ; measurements given]. Card. Chron., Aug. 21st, i8S6 t p. 246. Anon, [signed 'A Regular Subscriber']. Isle of Man. " Holiday Jottings in the Isle of Man " [W. B. Hemsley's article severely and justly criticised ; notes as to PosiC, ilex, and cultivated crops]. Gard. Chron., Nov. 12th, 1887, p. 595. Anon, [not signed], Notts. The Dukeries [and their famous Oaks and other trees ; account of an excursion of Scottish Arboricuhural Society]. Card. Chron., Aug. 17th, *88ft pp. 181-183. Feb. 1896. 62 BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1890. Anon, [not signed], Cheshire. Rambles taken during the year 1889 • • • Gatley [June 1st ; Petasites vulgaris, 'Goatweed' (? .Egopodium podagraria) and Persicaria noted]. 10th Ann. Rep. Manch. Micro. Soc, for 18S9, publ. 1890, p. 112. Anon, [not signed]. Lane. S. Rambles taken during the year 1889 . . . Stalybridge [Stamford Park, Hurst and Lees, Aug. 24th ; Nitphar lutea, Elodea canadensis noted]. 10th Ann. Rep. Manch. Micr. Soc, for 1889, publ. 1890, pp. 117-118. Anon, [signed 'Secretary']. Lane. S. Penketh Field Club [Tussilago and Coryhts reported in flower]. N.HJ., March 15th, 1890, p. 29. Anon, [not signed]. Isle of Man. Phenological Observations [made in the Isle of Man; Common Chick- weed (Stellaria media), Jan. 5th; Small Celandine {Ranunculus ficaiia), Feb. 21 st ; Barren Strawberry {Potent ilia fragariastrum), Feb. 1 6th ; Common Coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara), Feb. 22nd ; Vernal Squill {Scilla verna). May nth; Golden Saxifrage (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), PV-. 3rd; Pansy {Viola tricolor), Feb. 4th; Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris), April 12th ; Anemone (A. nemorosa), April 16th ; Primrose (Primula vulgaris), Feb. 25th; Sloe, Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) y March 23rd; Dog Violet {Viola canina), March 31st; Cardamine pratensis, April 8th; Great Stitchwort {Sttllaria holostea), April 8th; Common Wood Sorrell (Oxalis acetosella), March 28th ; Wild Hyacinth {Scilla nutans), April 28th ; Larch (Larix europ(ca) in flower, April 3rd ; Early Scorpion -grass {Myosotis collina April 7th ; Germander Speedwell ( Veronica ehama:drys) f April 22nd ; Hemlock Stork Vbill {Erodiutn cuutarium), April iSth ; Wild Cherry (Prunus cerasus)> April 3rd ; Silver Birch {Betula alba) r in flower, April 29th; Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata), April 29th; Field Scorpion-grass {Myosotis arvens is) , April 7th; Lamb's Lettuce ( Valeria nella olitoria), April 7th ; Sea Campion (Silene maritima), April 28th ; Sea Pink (Armeria maritima)* April 28th; Common Bugle {Ajuga reptans), April 25th; DoveVfoot Geranium (G. molle), April 4th; Red Campion (Lychnis tiiurna), April 4th; Common Broom (Sarothamnus). May 13th; Bilberry ( Vaccinium mynillus), May 1st, fruit May 30th ; Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis). May 3rd; Herb Robert {Geranium robertianum), April 24th; Common Purple Clover (Trifoliiun pratense). May 27th; Field Madder (Skerardia arvensis), April 7th ; Ornithopus perpusillus, May 5th : Common Fumitory, May loth ; Red Rattle (Pedicularis sylvaiica), May 3rd; Milkwort (Polygala vulgaris) y April 14th ; Potentilla tormentitla, April 22nd; Garlick (Allium ursinum), May 25th; Wood Sanicle (Sanicuh europua), June 30th ; Borage (Borago officinalis), April 7th ; Hawthorn (Cratagus oxyacatitha), May 20th ; Bog Bean (Menyanthes), May rifcH 5 Beaked Parsley (Anthriscus ), May 15th; Silver Weed (Potentilla ametina), May 15th; Lady's Fingers (Anthyltis vulneraria), May 20th: Bird's Foot Trefoil (Lotus camiculatus), April 30th ; Mouse-ear Hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella), June 6th ; Holly (Ilex aqui folium), .May 22nd ; Dutch or White Clover (Tripoli urn re pens)* May 27th; White Campion (Lychnis vespertina), May 16th ; Great White Oxeye {Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), May 21st; Corn Marigold (C. segetum), May 22nd: Yellow Wood -pimpernel (Lysimachia nemorum), May 14th; Wild Mignonette, Dyer's Weed (Reseda luUola :, May 26th ; Dewberry (Ruhus cusius), June 10th ; Ragged Robin (Lychnis flos-cucuU), June 13th; Elder (Sambriats n ra), fune 3rd ; Great Common Stinging-Nettie (Urtica dioica). May 18th ; Great" Butterfly Orchis (Hahenaria chlorantha), June 29th; Raspberry (Rubus idicus), June 7th: Scotch Rose (Rosa spinosissima), May 27th ; Knotted Figwort (Scrophularia nodosa), July 10th ; Wild Rose (Rosa canina), May 23rd ; Orchis maculata, May 23rd : Scarlet Pimpernel (Anagalfis arvensis), May 20th ; Comam paluUre, June 6th; Galium saxaiile, May 24th: Forget-me-not ( fyosotis palustn , May 24th; Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), June 4th ; Lptlobium monianum, June 19th; Honeysuckle {Lonicera periclymenui /jn?»e iSrh ; Natural BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1890. 63 Orpine (Sedum telephiuni), June 20th ; Pink Stonecrop (Sedum anglicum), June 19th ; Spir&a ulmaria, July 7th ; Agrimonia eupatoria, June 26th ; Convolvulus soldanella, Sea Bindweed, June 26th ; Lady's Bedstravv {Galium vertim) y June 22nd; Common Enchanter's Nightshade (Ciraca lutetiana), July 7th ; are the earliest dates observed]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, April 1890, pp. 160-163. Anon, [not signed]. York Mid W. A New British Plant [Arenaria gothica, at Ribblehead. ]. Sci. Goss., May 1890, p. 116. Anon, [not signed]. Cheshire. Liverpool Naturalists' Field Club [on May 8th, 1890, Viola palustris and Lathy rus mat rorrhizus at Bromborough and Raby]. Research, June 1890, p. 284. Anon, [signed o. Feb 1396 64 bibliography: phanerogamic botany, 1890. Anon, [not signed]. Isle of Man. Plants observed on an Excursion to the Mull Hills [Isle of Man, 24th May, 18S7 ; Polygala vulgaris, Scilla verna, Cochlear 2 a gromlandica, Jasione montana, Luztda pilosa, Crithmitm niatitimum and Ulex\ Back Trans. Isle of Man N.M.J., i. 117 ; publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, Oct. 1890. Anon, [not signed]. Isle of Man. [Plants noted at an] Excursion to Druidale ['on Friday, the 15th/ *St. Swithin's Day, 7 1887 ; Fragaria vesca, Hypericum elodes, Orchis mascula, O. maculata, and Hahenaria bifolia\ Back Trans. Isle of Man N.H.S., i. 123-125 ; publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, Oct. 1890. Anon, [not signed]. Isle of Man. Phenological Observations [made in the Isle of Man ; dates given for Primula vulgaris], Yn Lioar Manninagh, Oct. 1890, p. 198. Anon [Editors of N.HJ.]. Cumberland, York N.E., Mid W., S.W., Lane. S. The Floral Calendar [for 1890; tabulated dates given for Coryhis, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria, Mercurialis perenuis, Jussilago, Viola odorata, Anemone, Caltha, Nepeta glechoma, Primula veris, Stellaria holostea, Cardamine pratensis, Primus spinosa, Veronica chamtxdrys. Lychnis diurna, Scilla nutans, Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus acris, Orchis mascula, Ranunculus repens, Pyrus malus, Polygala vulgaris, Sarothamnus, Trifolium pra tense, T. repens, Cratwgns, Lotus corniculatus, Myosotis palustris, Orchis maculata, and Rosa canina, for Wigton and Bolton, Cumberland, Great Ayton, Thirsk and York, N.E. Yorks, Settle and Rawdon, Mid-West Yorks., Ackworth, S.W. Yorks., Manchester and Penketh, Lane. S.]. N. H. J., Nov. 15th, 1890, pp. 155-156. Anon, [signed 'A.G.W.']. York N.E. [Phragmites found on Strensall Common with long, trailing, green, above-ground stolons, one 13 ft. long, rooting at intervals]. N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. Anon, [signed * Eds 5 ]. Lane, W. turn [Pyrola rotundifolia var. arenaria (S. maritima), and not P. media, is the plant referred to at p. 147 of N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1890, as apparently confined to the sandy sea-shore about Lytham ana Southport]. N.H.J*, Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 172. J. Gilbert Baker. York N.E. and Mid W. Occurrence of Carex strigosa in North Yorkshire [in Forge Valley, found by \V. W. Reeves; occurs also at Hackfall and Studley]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p. 16. C R. Beaumont. Lane. S. A Ramble Round Daisy Nook [near Oldham ; Myosotis palustris, Elodea, Callitriche verna, Alontia fontana, Hydrocharis, three species of Lemna, Hottonia, all in or about Fitton Ponds, Anemone and Campanula rotundifolia near Hill Farm House, Rubus fruticosus and Lonicera by Holiinwood Canal, Bellis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Lychnis dioica, Caltha, and Cardamine pratensis noted]. Trans. Rochdale Lit. and Phil. Soc., vol. 2, for 1889-90, publ. 1890, pp. 60-77. Durham, Derby, Furness, Westmorland, York N.W., Mid W., N.E., S.W., W. rt. Beeby [distributor]. Cumberland, Lane. W. and S., Line. N. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1882 [8vo., 1884, pp. 65 ->2; notes on numerous plants from the vice-countie> named ; Subularia aquatica (Westmorland) given as a New County Recor-i]. York N.E., Mid W., Northumberland S., Cheviotland, Arthur Bennett [distributor]. Durham, Derbyshire. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1884 [8vo., publ. 1885 ; pp. iot-120; notes on numerous plants irom the vice- counties above-named ; nine new county records for Cheviotland, and une for Durham, given at pp. 118-120]. Naturalist. BIBLIOGRAPHYi PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1S90. 65 J. (.. Baker. Cumberland, Westmorland, and Furness. A Flora of the English j Lake District | By |J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S. | [woodcut] j London | George Bell & Sons, York Street | Covent Garden | 18S5 [8vo, cloth, pp. viii. + 262 ; introductory explanations and Bibliography precede the enumeration of 1,371 species, for each cf which are given the usual particulars]. Also see Review with numerical Summaries, Gard, Chron., May 9, 18S5, p. 605. W. D. Braithwaite. Lane. S. [Pyrola media is found at Birkdale]. N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 147. H. Brierlv. Derbyshire, ? Furness. Penketh School Field Club at [Cressbrook, Monsall and Miller's Dales; VA ood Ranunculus, Lathrcca, Convallaria, Geranium lucidum, Trollius, Primula farinosa, and Viola pahtstris noted]. N.H.J., June 15th, 1890,. pp. 90-91. Robert Brown. Lane Botanical Resume [of plants noted at Liverpool N.F.C. excursions to EUesmere Port, Pool Hall, and Hooton Woods, 4th May, 1889 (non- appearance of Mercmialis perennis, occurrence of M. annua* a Stellaria) ; Parkgate to lies wall, 18th May [Sagina sulmtata, and four other Sagin«-) ; Barton and Haskayne to Formby [Uiricularia vulgaris, I/, minor, U. intermedia, Tri folium foliforme), and to Knowsley Park, 21st Sept. (Elatine hexandra and Epipactis latifolia noted)]. Proc. Liverpool N.F. Club, for 1889, publ. 1890, pp. 31-39. F. W. Bitrbidge. Lines. British Epiphytal Orchids [are two in number; one is Liparis leesellii, epiphytal on rushes in the bogs of Cambridge and Lincolnshire], Gard. Chron., Feb. 2nd, 1884, p. 144. C. A. M. Carmicmakl. Lines. Lincolnshire Dykes [and the presence of Henbane {Hyoscyamus nigtr), Ragwort {Senccio jacobtca), Melilots, Sonchi, Siums, < Knanthes, Epilobiums r Menthas, Sparganiums, Ranunculus sceleratus, R. aqitatilis, A!ismas y Forget-me-nots, Aster tripolium and Skullcaps]. Gard. Chron., Sep. 6th. 1S90, p. 279. M. Carr. Cumberland otany Notes [for Bolton, Cumberland ; anent Primula farinosa, Gymna- denia eonopsea, Habenaria viridis, ff. chiotant/ia* and Ruhus idsus]. N. ILJ. T Dec. I^th. 1800 n 175 J- W. Carter. Abnormal Dog -Daisy all the ray florets tubti, J- Edmund Clark. York Mid W ered at Esholt ov. 1S90, p. 216, ; W. And S,E. — Wind-Rush at York, March 8th, 1890 [with account of damage done to trees, Querats, Fraxmus, Ulmus, Salix, and Pyrus mains near Dring- houses, Fulford and Heslington]. N.H.J. , Nov. 15th, 1890, pp. 137-13* Isle of Man. H. SHOKTltlDCK CLARK!.. [Silene maritima as food plant for] Dian of Man], Young Nat., Nov. 1890, p. 213. W- Wilfrid Cordeaux. [Great Hawthorns (Cm -u oxy antha) _ , Lincolnshire alluded to in] Notes on the Birds of Cashmere and the Dras district. Ibis, April 1 888, p. 2I& Mar r g 9 6. E Line East coast districts 66 bibliography: phanerogamic Botany, 1890. William Cross. Lane. W. Among the Fylde Flowers— The Woodlands [near Lytham ; popularly written paper, referring to Corylus avellana, Fagus, Alnus, Populus, Ulmus, Quercus, Fraxinus, Castanea, Eranthis /iy emails, Galantkus, Palmonaria officinalis, Scilla, Asperula, Oxalis, Asarum europecum, Hedera, Typha, Sparganium, But omits umbellatus, Ahsma plantago, A. ranunculoides, Solarium dulcamara, Valeriana officinalis, Epilobium hirsutum, Thalictrum flavum, Nuphar, Hottonia, Cardamine pratensis, Ranunculus sceleratus, Alyriophyllum verticillatum, Callitriche vema, Utricularia vulgaris, Potamo- get on natatiSj Pinguicula vulgaris, Cory da lis solida (introduced), Fumaria officinalis, Ornithogalum nutans. Primus spinosa, Pyrus mains, P. aucuparta, Crattrgus, Spirua tdmaria, Potent ilia anserina, Getim urbanum, Rubu* friiticosus, R. idicus, Rosa canina, R. arvensis, Comarum palustre, Alchemilla vulgaris, A, arvensis, Potentilla reptans, P.tormentilla, Agrimonia eupatona, which are treated somewhat indefinitely, with an occasional lapse into pre- cision]. Journ. of Microsc, July 1890, pp. 203-208. Joseph Burtt Davy, Line. N., York S.E. Alford Naturalists' Society [notes on plants observed at Mablethorpe, 6th July, 1889; these included Asparagus officinalis, Lactuca virosa, Cyno- glossum officinale, Senecio jacobua (very scarce near Grimsby), Eryngiwn maritimum not noticed, though at Spurn it abounds; at Calceby on 21st August were noticed Salvia verbenaca 9 Thymus serpyllum, Calamintha officinalis, Gnaphalium uliginosum ; in Mother- wood, Aby, was noted Vicia sylvatica, in Aby village Saponaria officinalis, and in Well parish (two stations) Carduus acaulis\ Nat., Ap. 1890, p. 116. Line. N. Joseph Burtt Davy* Entomological Exhibition at Alford, Lines, [and mention of food-plants, Scabiosa succisa at Ail by, and Hippophac rkamnoides at Mablethorpe]. Nat., May 1890, p. 150. J. Dent Dent. York Mid W. Old Trees at Ribston Hall, Wetherby [with views of the original Ribston Pippin Apple in 1844 ; article describes effect of gale on a fine FaguSj an old flowering Ash (Omits europwus) and a tine Poplar {Populus alba incana) ; extracts from old letters given]. Card. Chron., Feb. 16th, 1889, p. 213, and woodcut at p. 212. DeVit. York, N.E. Ayton Association. — May 8th [Lathrua, Gagea and Paris reported]. N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p. 89. C. Wolley Dod. Lane. S* Pyrola rotundifolia and Monotropa hypopitys [on the Lancashire Coast sandhills between Southport and Ainsdale ; Salix repens and Erytkrua also noted]. Card. Chron., Aug. 17th, 1889, p. 195. Miss Dodi). Isle of Man. The Wild Flowers of Mona [treated of in a popular fashion, and mostly by English names; about forty kinds mentioned with localities]. Back Trans. I. of Man, N.H.S., i. 97-98 ; pubL with Yn Lioar Manninagh, July 1890. Derbysh., Curnbd., Westmd., Durham, Northd. S., Cheviotland, George Claridge Druce. York N.W., Mid W. f Lane. S. and W. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1888 >vo. publ, 1889 ; pp. 197-242 ; contains notes on numerous plants from the - u - ive-named vice-counties, a great many for Derbyshire]. Lane. S. G. Claridge Druce. Spergula pentandra, L. as an Irish Plant [with a recapitulation of English range; and its occurrence near Liverpool intermixed with S. arvensis]. Ann. of Bot., Aug. 1890, pp. 378-383. Natural&t bibliography: phanerogamic botany, 1890. 67 T. W. Edmondsox. York Mid W. Ophrys apifera Huds. at Skipton [unusually abundant there ; not extinct at Birtwhistle Rocks ; Viola lutea between Skipton and Rylstone, a new record for Airedale]. Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 237. John W. Ellis. Lane. S. and W., Furness, Cheshire. [Plants mentioned in the] Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire [are Cardamine pratensis, C. amara, Artemisia vulgaris, Carlina vulgaris, Genista tinctoria, Sarothamnus, Ulex, Anthriscus sylvestvis, Solatium dulcamara , Sedutn acre, Lotus corniculatus, Aster tripolium, Angelica sylvestris, and Pyrus malus\ Nat., Feb. and March 1S90, pp. 49-86. John W. Ellis. Cheshire. [Plants mentioned in] The Coleopterous Fauna of the Liverpool District [include Parnassia (Wallasey), Rosa spinosissima (Wallasey), Galium verum (Wallasey and Hoylake), Ononis arveusis (Wallasey), A lis ma plantago (Leasowe), Lythrum salicaria (Lydiate), and Sisymbrium officinale (Wallasey and Leasowe). Proc. Liverp. Biol. Soc., Vol. 2, 1887-88, publ. 1888, p. 190, and Vol. 3, 1888-9, publ. 1889, pp. 57, 6$, 68, 7r, 72, 73. F. W. Fierke. York S.E. [Utricularia vulgaris recorded as new to Hull district, found in Skidby drain, about a mile from Hull, Sept. 1889]. J. of Conch., July 1890, p. 251. Jane Fishwick. Lane. S., Notts. Crocus nudiflorus [in flower in the outskirts of Rochdale, where it has not been seen to flower before ; reference also made to its perfect naturalisation about Nottingham]. Sci. Goss., Nov. 1S85, p. 263. W. O. Fqcke. Derbyshire. Notes on English Rubi [including /?. ? rotundatus P. J. MuelL, Shirley, Derbyshire, Rev. W. R. Linton; and A\ meianodcrmis, or P. metanoxylon, Shirley, W. R. Linton]. J. of Bot., May 1S90, pp. 129-134. William Fowler. Line. N. and S. Lincolnshire Limestone Plants [enumerated, with a few stations, to the number of 127 species ; several of which are enumerated at the end as also found on alluvial sands]. Nat., June 1S90, pp. 169-171. Hilderic Friend. Cumberland. A Mud-capped Dyke [in Cumberland ; Ulex curoptcus, Senecia Jacobs a, Galium mollugo, Achillea millefolium, Eropkila i crua, Sisymbrium thalianum. Geranium molle, Alchemilla arveusis, Taraxacum, Plantago, Hieracium, and Dactyhs glomerata noted]. Sci. Goss., June 1890, pp. 135-6. Hildkric Friend. Cumberland. Herb Paris and its Foe [recording Paris and Ihomus asper at Cummersdale near Carlisle, as host-plants of a new Fungus]. Card. Chron., Sep. 6th, 1890, pp. 270-271 and woodcuts. J. II. Fryer. York Mid W., N.E., S.E., Furness. York, Bootham. Natural History Club [with phenological notes on Draba verna, Carex pnecox, Salix triandra, Veronica triphyllos, Cau> alis daucoiacs, Menyanthes, Paris, and Actchili>. York N.W. Some of the Flowering Plants and of the Ferns of Upper Swaledale [a list of 151 species, with remarks and some localities and altitudes given]. Nat., Aug. 1890, pp. 251-255. Percy H. G&imshaw. Cumberland. Notes on the Flora of West Cumberland [being a full list of plants observed in early June 1890 round Seascale, with localities and remarks, including 263 species, and prefaced by lists of 57 species found on the sand- dunes, of 32 found at the mouth of the river Calder, and of 38 found on a single visit to St. Bees Head]. Nat., Nov. 1890, pp. 325-334. Durham, Cheviotland, Cheshire, Furness, Cumberland, James Groves. Lane. S., Derbyshire, York Mid W. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1885 [8vo., publ. 1S86; pp. 121-142 ; notes on numerous plants for the above- named vice-counties ; new county records given at p. 142 for Cheshire and Cheviotland]. Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lane. S., York Mid W. f James Groves. Northumb. S. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1889 [Svo., publ. 1890, pp. 243-279 ; contains notes on numerous plants from the vice counties above-named ; the Derbyshire records numerous ; new county records given for Cheshire, York Mid W. t Northumberland S., Lane. S.]. Westmorland, Cumberland, Derbyshire, York N.E., Frederick Jaxsox Banbury. Lane. S., Cheshire. An I Illustrated Monograph | of the British Hieracia. j By | Frederick Janson ibmbury, \ L.S. == | The Drawings chiefly by j Miss G. Lister ; [ a few by j Mrs. Frederick T. Hanbury. [Burt 1, July 1889, folio, pp. i-$, and plates 1-3; H. pilosella, var. b, piiosissimnm Walls. . . In the Doveclale specimens the leaves are narrower, darker green above, and whiter and more densely felted beneath, than in specimens from other parts ; . . It is also found . . : in Dovedale, Derbyshire! 77. aurantia am L., not a native, . . found in many places . . New lands, near Keswick. Cumberland. C* H. Wright, 1S43 !— Wilton Woods, Cleveland, North Yorks., J. G. Baker !— Faiisv rth, four mites north-east of Manchester, in Naturalist, bibliography: phanerogamic botany, 1890 69 great abundance, Sm. Engl. FL — Near Stn'nes, Cheshire, J- C. Melvill ! — Further localities are given in the Floras of West Yorkshire]. [Part 2, Oct. 1889, pp. 9-16, and plates 4-6 ; //. auricula L. recorded by Hudson, FL Angl. 1778, as growing 'supra Dalehead non longe a Grassmere in Westmorland! a, sed sparsim ' rejected as dubious ; //. dubium L. also reported by Hudson as 'in monte Fairfield dicta prope Rydall in com i tat u Westmorlandica,' and mentioned by Backhouse as 'said to have been found in Cumberland ' is also rejected as doubtful ; H. holosericeum Backh. Cumber- land, summit of Glaramara ! ; Langdale Pikes, and head of Tierce Gill, Seawfell, Backh. Monog.]. [Part 3, March 1890, pp. 17-24, and plates 7 to 9, contains nothing]. [Part 4, Dec. 1890, contains nothing]. Cumberland, Durham, Westmorland, York N. W. , Frederick J. Haxbury. Mid W., S.W. The Late James Backhouse [Memoir of his Life and Career ; and references to Cypripedium calceolus at Castle Eden Dene in 1803, Hdianthenium marifolium Mitt. var. vineale Pers., Arenaria vertia, Dry as cctopetala, Potent ilia fruticosa, Saxifraga hirculus (Baldersdale), Sed urn villosum, Epilobium alsinifolium, Gentiana 7 rua in Teesdale, Saxifraga nivalis at Highcup Scar, Veronica triphyllos near Acomb, York, Barbarea stricta on Thome Moor, Sax. hirculus at Knock -ore- Gill, Hieracium holosericeum on Glaramara, both Cumberland, Myosoiis alpestris in Teesdale, .Sax. sternbergii in Cumberland in 1857, Viola arenaria in Teesdale, 1862. and the blue var. of Pofygula amara var. uliginosa there also, Teesdalia, Aquilcgia, and Lychnis alpina in Cumberland, Ajuga pyramidal is 9 Poteniilla fruiicosa, and Dryas in the Lake District]. J- of Bot., Dec. 1890, pp. 353-356. G, Haworth. Lane Penketh Boys' Field Club [notes ; Ranunculus tin ta near Cuerdley Marsh]. N.H.J., Sep. 15th, 1890, p. no. K. C. Hi-IDLEY. Northumberland S. [Plants growing on the north part of East Hallington Reservoir are Anemone uemorosa, Cardaviine prate us is y Gtu/u rivale. Parts ia cdotitites, Seabiosa suceisa 9 Stellaria, Ranunculus aquatilis, Persicaria, Iris pseudacorus 9 Carduus paluslris, Lychnis jtos-cuculi\ Potentilla tonnentilla, Caltka t Menyatithes 9 and Polygaia vulgaris]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newc, Vol. 10, part 2. 1890, p. 399. W« B. Memslev. Isle of Man. Holiday Jottings in the Isle of Man [the article is entirely horticultural and meteorological, except a footnote giving a good bo tanic a l bibliography]. GftttL Chron., Oct. 15th, 18S7, pp. 462-3. [The second article is also horticultural except a mention of Rosa tomentosa 9 R. j twsissima, absence of R. comma and R. arvensis, presence of Va nana officinalis^ Spinea ulmaria, Senecio jacoikea, Digitalis, Jasione montana. Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Rubus frt$tk#m$ 9 Erica cinerea, E. tetraJix, Calluua, Orchis maculata, O. latifolia^ Erodium mari- timtti ft, Scilla ma\ Gard. Chron., Oct. 22nd, 1S87, pp. 491 W. M. Hind. Arabis albida naturalised in Derbyshire [on a limestone rock at Matlock Bath]. Journ. of Hot., Sep. 1S90, p. 282. C p. Hobkirk. York S.E. [Plants observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Lowtborpe near Driffield [26th May, 1890; fru pseudacorus, Giyctria aqnatka, Potamogeton crispus, P. heierophyllus y P. densus, Barbarea vulgaris^ Hypericum <]uadrangulum* Anihyllis vuhieraria, Qnohrvckis saliva. Geum Derbyshire. ^Wh j $, 7 Tor 1878- 188S, publ. iSSS, pp. 113-116. J. Jv.er. Isle of Man. Notes of the Season . . Isle of Man [in Aug., 1890 ; Brassica moneusis growing plentifully on the ground above the harbour ferry at Ramsey ; Sitemt marilima and Semcio jacobua also noted]. Ent. Record, Oct. 15th, 1S90, p. 182. E. J llev. Lane. S. Penketh, Girls' N.H.S. — Nov. 25th. \Lamium album ^ Taraxacum, etc., in flower a few days previously]. N.H.J., Dec. 15th, 1S90, p. 165. P. M. C. Kermode. Isle of Man. The Antiquities of the Parish of Bride [Isle of Man ; with a note of Qinanthe crocata* GET. fistidosa* and Anagallis tend la as found at Loughs Cranstall and Pherrick]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, Oct. 1S90, p. 183. II. Waixis Kf.w. Line. N. Field Notes. No. 1. In the Woods in Spring [near Louth ; noting Galanlhus in the Wilderness plantation, Primula vulgaris* Viola canin ". Anemone nemorosa* rotentilla fragaria strum* Hyacinthus* Orchis mascu/a f Pamtncidits auricomus* Stellaria holes tea f Galeokdolon > Paris* etc., in Jenny-. Burwell, Haugham and Muck ton Woods, April 3rd, May 6th acd 25th, 18S5]. Nat. World, Jan. 18S6, pp. 1-3. II. Wall i S Kew. Line. N- Reminiscences of Ten Summers [at Louth ; noting Artemisia mmrUiin*% Salicorma herbacea* Epilobium august ifolium, Latkrca squamaria* Opkry apifera, and Cm mula latifolia]. Gamer, March 1st, 1888, p. 93. F. Fox Lee. York S.W Sparganium ratnosum Had . var. microcarpa Neum. [near Dewsbury; the only record for England : correction of varietal name]. Nat, April 1890, p. 10 Naturalist bibliography: phanerogamic botany, 1890. 71 P. F, Lee. York S.W, [Plants observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists* Union at Bretton Park [14th June 1890 : Carex fulva added to district list ; Barbarea stria 'a, Nasturtium palustre, Viola odor at a, Poly gala vulgaris sub-sp. depressa, Saponaria officinalis ', Vicia august i folia var. bobartii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris ', Jl/yrrhis, CEnantke crocata, Adoxa, Campanula latifolia^ Primula vulgaris, Hot ton ia, Jl/josotis versicolor, Lamium album, Veronica arvensis, Plantago media, Salix pentandra, Listera ovata, Scirpus sylvaticus, Acorus colamus, Carex muricata, C. remota, C. glauca, C. panicea, C. sylvatica, C\ hirta, C. c/irysites {— C. ccderi of English authors) and C. far a var. cyperoides noted, some with remarks]. Nat., August 1890, p. 226. r. Fox Lee. York S.W. Senecio viscosus L. at Savile Town near Dewsbury [with full details of habitat and range]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p. 277. B. B. Le Tall, J- H. Fryer. York N.E. Scarbro' [season early ; Hedera, scented Butterbur, Lychnis diurna, Primula vulgaris, TmsuagO in flower, Rubus fruticosus in fruit, Dec. 22nd- Jan. 2nd]. N.H»J., Feb. 15th, 1890, p. 13. 15. B. L[l].T[all]. York Mid W., N.E., Furness. York, Bootham. Natural History, &c, Club [with notes on Gentiana acaulis near York, Viola canina (Towton), Sesleria acrulea (Grange), Helle- borus viridis (Ayton near Scarborough), Paris, Aqnilegia and Viola hirta (Towton)]. N.H.J., May 15th, 1890, p. 75. a B. Li Tall. York N.E. ['This Halfs Finds*: Scirpus fuitans and Zannichellia palustris at Strensall, 8th Sep., 1890]. N.H.J., Oct. 15th, 1S90, p. 131. B. B. Le Tall. York Mid W., N. E [Bird's-nest Orchids (iVeottia nidus-avis) at Thorp Arch, June 7th : May Lily Maianthemum bifolium), Fly Orchis (Ophrys muscifera) and Tnentalis at Forge Yailey, June 12th; Erica cinerea, Erysimum cheiranthoideszxA Salvia ver/enaca on Allerthorpe Common, Sept. 7th and Oct. 8th ; Myriophyilum rerticillatum in the Zannichellia pond near Strensall Station, Oct. 15th, 1890]. X. II. J., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. B. B. L[e]T[all]. York N.E., Mid W. Late Wild Flowers [near York, Marsh Gentian {Gentiana pneumonanthe) Oct. nth ; Sarothamnus, Oct. 15th, Myosotis palustris, Spircca ulmaria, Lychnis dhtriw, Potcntilla reptans, Oct. 25th ; near Malham, Spiraa ulmaria, Sanguisorba officinalis, Poteutilla fragariastrum and Fragaria vesca}. X. H.J. f Nov. 15th, 1S90, p. 151. B. B. Le Tali. York S.E., S.W., Mid W. t N.E* Another New Record for the East Riding- and possibly for Yorkshire [//ypochnris glabra ; determination confirmed by A. Bennett ; detailed and minute history of the verification, and of authors' statements ; collected at Allerthorpe Common, where also occur Hypericum elcdes, Radiola linoides, Genista anglica, Erica tetralix, Gentiana pneumonanthe, Menyanthes, Pedicntaris palustris > Ornithopus perpusillus, Gnaphalium sylvaticum f Filage %iinima, Hypericum humifusum, Aira caryophyllea, and Crepis virer ; criticism of North and West Riding records, for York, Barnsley, Ganthorpe, Thorp Arch]. N. II. J., Dec. 15th, 1890, pp. 170-171- Furness, Westmorland, Cumberland, York N. E., Mid W., S.E., N.W., Edward F. Linton. Durham, Cheshire, Lane. S., Cheviotland, Derby. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1886 [8vo. publ. 1887, PP- I43-H6 ; notes on numerous plants from the vice-countie above-named : new county record given at p. 165 for Derbyshire {Eleochar acicu/aris Sm.)]. larch x$ 9 c. 72 bibliography: phanerogamic lotany, 1890. Cheshire, Lane. S., York N.W., Mid W., N.E., S.W., Howard F. Linton. Westmd. and Furness, Durham, Derbyshire. Fourth Annual Report | of the | Watson | Botanical Exchange Club, | 1 887 -1 888. I — I [8 lines of officers' names] | — j [motto] | York : J . ; | 1888 [8vo., 15 pages; Thalictrum flavum var. riparium, Sisymbrium pannoniatm from South Lanes. ; Ranunculus not florihundus, Neslia paniculate^ Rubus hemistemon, R. leucosiachys, R. fusco-ater, Taraxacum not palustre, Stachys palustris X sylvatica, and Sparganium ramosum var. murocarpum for Yorkshire S.W. ; Fumaria parvifiora for Yorks. N.E. ; Rubus ramosus, R. pubescent, R. earpinifolius or grains, R. rosaceus, R. dumetorum var. concinnus or seabrosus, Rosa koscinciana, R. canina var. ocsia, R. subcristata, Galiu?u sylvestre var. nitidulum, Taraxacum palustre, Mentha rubra, and Juncus diffusus for Derbyshire ; Rubus aesius var. tennis, Rosa tomentosa var. subglobosa, R. canina var. renter/, R. sub- cristata, and R. watsoni for York NAY. ; Rubus diversifolius and Urtua dioica var. for Cheshire ; Crataegus oxyacantha var. and Qinanthe phellan- drium for York Mid W. ; Circeea alpina var. intermedia and Juncus supinu at Windermere Lake ; Hieracium cesium and //. gothicum in Teesdale, co. Durham ; and Epipactis latifolia for Westmorland are noted and discussed]. Wm. R. Linton. Derbyshire. Hieracium holophyllum, n. sp. [described ; it occurs sparingly on limestone rocks in Dovedale, Derbyshire, where tirst noticed 1887, July 6th, by Revs. W« H. Purchas, Aug. Ley, and writer]. J. of Bot., Dec. 1890, p. 376. James M 'Andrew. Yorkshire. Botanical Notes from Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire [and a note that Rhynchospora just a has been reported from Yorkshire, but not confirmed]. Trans. N. H. S. Glasgow, X.S., vol. 2, part 2, 1S87-8, pub. 1890, p. 210. P. J. Maclagan. Cheviotland. Draba verna in November [25th, 1889, near Chathill, in flower and with completely-formed silicules]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p. 15. T. M ADDISON. Durham. Edward S. Marshall. [Helianthemum vulgare mentioned as abounding on the sea-coast in the neighbourhood of Castle Eden]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 97. Derby. Epilobium Notes for 1889 \E. montanum x obscurum, E. parvijlorum x rose urn, both from Shirley, Derbyshire (by Rev. W. R. Linton), noted]. J. of Bot., Jan. 1890, pp. 8-9. G. Masse e. Lane. W., ? York N. [Host-Plants for] British Pyrenomycetes [include Artemisia a inthium at Fleetwood, and Pkragmites communis at Tcrrington, but county not stated]. Grevillea, March 1890, pp. 58-59. [Typ/ia latifolia at Terrington (county uncertain) ; and Sorbus aueuparia at Manchester], r.reviilea, Dec. 1890, pp. 42-44. Joaquin Miller. Notts. Nights at Newstead Abbey [illustrated by a woodcut of the Major Oak, Sherwood Forest]. Harper's New Monthly Mag., Oct. 1890, p. 789. C Morland. York Mid W., M«E. [ 4 This Half's Finds' : Butomus out in R. Foss, 9th Aug. ; Anagalli> ieneila at Strensall, 20th Aug. ; Claudium marisens in flower at Askham Bog, 23rd Aug.; Serraiula ttnetoria in Skelton Wood, 27th Aug.; curious viviparous variety of Seirpus palustris (described) on Dunnington Common, 10th Sep., 1890]. N.H.J., Oct. 15th, 1890, pp. 131-132. E. C Morlane York S.E. [Calamagrostis lanceolata in one of the woods towards Kexby, Sep. 27th, 1890; abundant in not a few places round York ; Caltka in full Sower, Tilmire, Oct. nth]. N.HJ., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. N '«* BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1890. 73 Jos. I. Newtok. Lane. S. Hawthorn [Cratugus oxyatanthd\ in Flower [at Ashton Moss, Ashton- under-Lyne, as late as Aug. 16th, 1S90: reason suggested]. Sci. Goss., Oct. 1890, p. 235. Lane. S., Line. S., Durham, York Mid W., S.W., S.E., George Nicholson [distributor]. Derbyshire, Northumb. S., Cheshire. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles. — Report for 1883 [8vo., 18S5, PP* 83-100; notes on numerous plants from the above-named counties ; 14 new county records are given for South Lines, at pp. 99-100]. Derbyshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Cheshire, Lane. S. and W., George Nicholson. Northumberland, York Mid W., N.E. The Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles.— Report for 1887 [Svo., pub. 1888; pp. 167-195 ; notes on numerous plants from the vice- counties above-named]. J. E. Nowbhs* Derbyshire. Phenological Observations, 1889 [in Burton-on-Trent district ; dates given lor Tussilago and Hordeum vulgare at Clarence Street, Calika in Dovedale, Ulmus montana and Bitnium flexuosum at Willington, Prunus spinosa at Derby Road, Cardamine pratensis, ^Ksculus hippocastanum and Nupha - at Repton, Fagits, Querctts robur, and . K sat Ins at Drakelow, Scilla nutans at Walton, and Cratugus and Pyrus aucuparia at Newton Road], Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent X.H.S., year ending 30th Sep., 1890, pp. 13-15. J. \o. Philii'SOX. Northumberland S., Cheviotland, Durham. Address to the . . Tyneside Naturalists* Field Club, read . . May 15th, 1889 [with notes of Viola, Primula vulgaris* P. vcris, Cardamine pratensis, near Hallington Reservoir, May 21st, 1888; Calamintha clinopodium, Digitalis ; Throat wort (Campanula glomerata or C. lat if olid), Asperula, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Scropkularia, Myrrhis, Cheli- donium, Parietaria, Linaria vulgaris, Hypericum ', and Berberis at Brinkbum Priory near Rothbury, 21st June ; Potamogeton dens us, P. crispus, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idica, Geranium sylvaticum, Scrophularia , J/yriopnyllum verticWatum, Empetrum nigrum, Ligustrum vulgare and Drosera rotundifolia about Whittingham, Aug. 6th, 18S8 ; obliteration of Convolvulus soldanella, Utex, etc., at Marsden]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newc, Vol. 10, part 2, 1890, pp. 391-409. A. Pickard. Durham. Destruction of Rare Plants [Primula farinosa exterminated near Durham and nearly so in Weardale, abundant in Teesdale ; Genliana vema occurs in Teesdale- Hyoscyamus turned up at Durham in 1848 in fresh dug earth]. Sci. Goss., May 1S90, p. 116. Charles B. Ployvright. York S.E., Line. N. -^Ecidium glaucis [on Glaux maritima and Scirpus maritimus found on the banks of the Humber a few miles from Hull by Mr. Peake, jun. ; Uromyces maritima on Scirpus maritimus found by H. T. Soppitt at CleethorpesJ. Card. Chron., May 31st, 1890, p. 682. Charles B. Plowright. YorkS.E. The Life-History of iEcidiutn glaucis [on Glaux maritima and Uromyces maritima sp. nov. on Scirpus maritimus at Paul! near Mull, Aug. 1889 ; full descriptions given]. Gard. Chron., June 14th, 1890, p. 746. Charles B. Plowjught. Westmorland. British Uredineae [noted on Agrostis vulgaris on the east side of Lake Windermere]. Gard. Chron., July 12th, 1S90, p. 4*. [C B.] Ploxy right. York S.E* Heteraecismal Fungi [and notice of Glaux maritima and Scirpu maritimus on the banks of the Humber, as host-plants for Uromyces maritima], Sci. Coram. R. Hort. Soc., July 22nd, 1890; Gard. Chron., Aug. zm, 1S90, P- 139. Jareb i£ 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC BOTAXV, 1S9O. G. PULLEX. Derbyshire. [Typha latifolia grows near Derby at the junction of jhe Midland and North Staffordshire Railways]. Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 200. Clement Reid. York S.E. Notes on the Geological History of the Recent Flora of Britain [noting presence of Querats in hill-peats on the Yorkshire moors, Betula nana in 'submerged forests' at Bridlington (A. G. Nathorst) and Holmpton (C Reid), Primus padus L., Hornsea and Sand-le-Meer, East Yorkshire (postglacial), Alnus g/ufinosa L., Hornsea and Sand-le-Meer (postglacial), Corylus aveliana L., Sand-le-Meer (postglacial), Taxus baaata L., postglacial, in submerged peats, etc. , of the Fenland ; Finns sylvestris L. , ditto, and Phragmiies communis L., portions of panicles in a postglacial peaty bed on Kelsey T Till near Hull]. Ann. of Bot., Aug. 1888, pp. 177-199. Catherine F. Ripley. Cheshire, Notts, Yorkshire. The Trees of the Wood. I. — Beech [(Fagtts sylvatica) with a passing reference to some at Norton Priory, Cheshire, which measure from 11 ft. to 15 ft. in girth at about 3 ft. from the ground, and to there being fine beeches in the parks and woods of Yorkshire and the Dukeries]. Journ. of Microsc, July 1890, pp. 189-190. John E. Robsox. Cionus Scrophulariae on Canterbury Be Dene]. Young Nat., July 1890, p. 135. John E. Robsox. Durham. Durham, ephalanthera ensifolia [found in Hezleden Dene near Hartlepool, by Rev. J. B. Whyte, 31st May, 1890 ; reference to Floras, and details of occurrence given]. Young Nat., July 1890, p. 136. John E. Robsox. Northumberland oenonympha davus [at Greenleighton Moors, Northumberland, near Simonside hills ; Myrua gale, Narthecium ossifra :< u?n, Drosera rotttndi folia, and Calluna also noted, 16th July, 1890]. Young Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 154- Tohx E. Robson. Durham. Abundance of White Thorn Flowers [{Cratagtts cyacantha) near Hartlepool, where they were also early, out by 20th April]. Young Nat., Aug. 1S90, p. 156.. Lister Rotheray. York Mid W- A New British Plant [(Arenaria gvtkica) at Ribblehead ; correction of note in Sci, Goss. for May]. Sci. Goss., Aug. 1S90, p. 188. J. H. Salter and N. Neave Manchester Notes [anent 1890, p. 56. Lane. S. N.H.J., Ap. 15th, J. H. Salter, N. Neave. Derbyshire, Cheshire. On the Derbyshire Border [of Cheshire, near Macclesfield, were noted Viola lutea, Andromeda, Fulits ihamamorus, Polypodium dryopteris, and P. phegopteris\ N.H.J., Sep. 15th, 1S90, p. 102. \Y. H. Satterthwaite. Westmorland. [Hieracium gibsoni from Kenda! district, sent to B. B. Le Tall]. N.IIJ-, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. \Y. R. SfHISTOX]. York N.E Mild Winter [in Forge Valley ; Primula vulgaris in flower, Dec. 24th, 1883]. Nat. World, Feb. 1SS4, p. 31. W. A. Shuffrey. York Mid W. Geranium phaeum in Littondale, Mid-West Yorkshire [in flower, 20th May, alt. 650 feet; formerly found at Feizor]. Nat., June 1S90, p. I** N'itural BIBLIOGRAPHY: PHANEROGAMIC BOTANY, 1S90. 75 M. B. Slater. York N.E he Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Kildale- in -Cleveland [12th July, 1890 ; Agrimonia odorata, new to North Yorkshire, found by W. \V. Reeve near the old Bleach Mill, is the only plant mentioned of the hundred noted]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p. 273. J[OSEI'H]. E. SfMfTH]. The Mild Christi Cheshire, Lane. S. las - tide [about Sale and Chorlton - cum - Hardy ; seventeen wild plants noted as in flower in Christmas week]. K.H.J., Feb. 15th, 1890, p. 13. Jos. E. Smith. Manchester Notes, 1890 [anent Mercurialis tierennis. Ranuncu Lane nodifiortis ; phenological]. N.H.J., March 15th, 1890, p. 34. Jos* E. Smith. Lane. S., Cheshire. Manchester [Phenological] Notes [anent Narcissus pseudo-narcissus, Arum, Chrysosplenium oppositifolittm, Cluerophyllum sylvestre, Montia fontana, Saxifraga granulata, Galium cruciatum and Myrrhis odorata}. N. II. J., May 15th, 1890, p. 79. Jos. E. Smith. Lane. S., Derbyshire, Cheshire. Manchester Notes [Prunus padus and Cardamine amara in Reddish Yale. Viola palustris on Kinderscout, Orchis morio near Gat ley, Drosera rotundifolia on Lindow Common, Valeriana dioica in Reddish Vale, Geum intermedium and Lactuca mural is in Marpie Woods, Linaria cymbalaria on a wall near the aqueduct, Orclis latijolia and O. maculata near Styall ; 0. pyramidalis also ; Malva moschata by the Mersey near Chorlton, Carex stellulata on Kinderscout, Genista tinctoria and Campanula iatifolia in Chadkirk Valley, Typha angus/i/olia in Baguley, Bryonia dioica in Sale, Stratiotes aloides in Dunham Park, Dattcus carota, 1 am us, Dipsactts pilosus in the Bollin Valley, Chlora perfoliata, Eupatorium cannabinum and Hypericum humifusu near Baguley, and Crocus nudiflorus about Withington and Didsbury, in the Mersey Valley ; details and dates given]. N. H. J., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 172. H. T. Soititt. Westmorland, York N. E. The Lily of the Valley Fungus [giving results of Experimentation with sEcidium convallariu Schm., on Convallaria majalis in the Lake district, at Bowness and Scarborough ; the uredo and telentospores on Phalaris arundinacea at Bowness]. Card. Chron., May 24th, 1S90, p. 643. F. P. T[homi\son]. York Mid W. Settle [plants early in flower ; Tussilage, Ccrylus, Primula vulgaris by Jan. 16th, Rosa canina, Oct. 26th]. N.H.J., Feb. 15th, 1890, p. 13. C. \\ Thorn ew ill. Derbyshire. Phenological Observations, 1889 [near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for Galanthus at Wellington, Ulmus mentana at Repton, slisathts lit*; castanum and Bunmm Jioxuosum at Burton, and Geranium robertianum at Melbourne]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N.H.S., for year ending 30th Sep., 1890, pp. 13-15. C 1\ Thornewili.. Derbyshire* Calendar of Nature, 1889 [for Burton-on-Trent district ; dates given for Orchis mascula at Repton Shrubs, for Saxifraga granuiata at Melbourne, and for Belli . Fraxinus, and Veronica cAam*cdrys]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on- Trent N.H.S. for year ending 30th Sep., 1S90, p. 2r. J- It Tutix. York Mid W. Wordsworth in Yorkshire [with note that the ( Prior's Oak p at Bolton, referred to in Canto L of 'The WMtC Doe of Rylstone/ was felled about 1720 and whereabouts it stood is not now known]. Yorkshire Notes and Queries, April 1S90, p. 264. March iS . 76 ' BIBLIOGRAPHY : PHANEROGAMIC HOTANY, 1890. A. R. Waller. Yorkshire, Westmorland. British Plants in Nyman's M Conspectus Florae Europaeas" [with note of Tkatictrum alpinism L. in Yorkshire and Westmorland]. Sci. Goss., Jan. 1885, P- 14. James G. Wells. Derbyshire. Report of the Botanical . . . Section, 1889-90 [JPrunus insititia, Bredon (J. E. Nowers) and Catton (J. G. Wells), Rives alpinum, Dovedale (J. E. Nowers), Montia font ana y Bretby (Id.), Scirpus sylvaticus, Bretby (Id.)]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. U.S., for year ending 30th Sep. 1890, p. 12. J. G. Wells. Derbyshire. Phenological Observations, 1889 [in Burton-on-Trent district ; dates given ior Ulmus montana at Willington, Cardaminc pratcnsis and .Ksculus hippocastanum at Repton, Fagus sylvatica at Foremark, Geranium robertianum and Pyrns aucuparia at Ashby Road, Cratugus oxyacantha at Craythorne, and Iris pseudacorus, Rosa canina, and Orchis maculata at Derby Road]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N.H.S., year ending 30th Sep. 1890, pp. I3-I5» "William Wh n well. York Mid W. Arenaria gothica Fries [discovered in a new station near Ribblehead, Aug. 18th, 1890, by Prof. wSilvanus and Miss R. F. Thompson]. J. of Bot., Sep. 1890, p. 282. William Whitwell. York Mid W. An Additional Station for Arenaria gothica in West Yorkshire [three miles away from Ribblehead ; fears expressed as to extermination of the plant in its original station and an appeal made to collectors to spare it for at least two years]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p. 257. 'William Whii well. Westmorland, Furness, Cumberland., York N.W. Flowering Plants and Ferns of Upper Swaledale [criticism of J. G. Goodchild's records of Picris hieracioides % Leontodon hirtus^ Hypocfucris glabra, Sedum rhodiola, Galium mollugo, Arctostaphylos uva-ursU Melampyrum sylvaticum, Veronica spicata, Salix herbacta, and Symphytum officinale ; reference also made to Crepis paludosa y Leontodon kispfdus, L/ypockicris radicata, Sedum telephium var. fabaria, Vaccinium zntis-id E *> that it has no setae- Chae togas ter should be substituted for Anachaeta, I think in discussing the use of setae some reference might be made to the tact that, at any rate in the Polychasta, they serve as a protection, just as do the bristles of the Hedgehog and Porcupine. No doubt the same end is also served by the capilliform Sttae of the Tubificids and others among fresh-water annelids. It would have greatly facilitated reference if we had been supplied with an index to the subject-matter of the first part of the volume. As it is we have no means of knowing where to turn for remarks on the pores, glands, setae, ccelom, nephridia, and other important matters. We could also wish that the very full and valuable bibliography, including nearly 600 entries, had been made more complete by the >Urch 1896, So NOTES AND NEWS. addition, whenever possible, of the year in which each monograph or article appeared. If each author's work had been plotted chronologically it would have been a great advantage, as it would have been an index to his own evolution in the study, as well as a clue to the priority of any given discovery, I regret that by an oversight my researches into the earthworms of Ireland, published in the Irish Naturalist, were not brought under Mr. BeddarcTs notice, as the inclusion of Irish habitats would have been of value in the study of zoogeography. In conclusion, I must express my pleasure that we in England are now abreast of our continental confreres in the matter of a scientific monograph dealing with the oligochcets which will range well with the latest productions of Rosa, Vejdovsky, Eisen, and other front-rank investigators. Cockermoitth. Hilderic Friend. NOTES AND NEWS. By the courtesy of the authors, we have received a reprint of a paper 'On the Structure of the Root/ which was read to the Leeds Naturalists' Club on November ist, 1895, by Messrs. Harold Wager, F.L.S., and Norman Walker, an Geological Society ha.- awarded the Murchison Medal for this year to Mr. T. Mellard Reade, C.F.,F.G.S., of Liverpool, whose work on the glacial and other geology of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the adjacent countie- is well known to our readers. Another contributor to this journal, Mr. A. Smith Woodward, F.G.S.,F. L.S., receives the Lyell Medal; while the Balance of \\w Wollaston Donation Fund and part of the Barlow- Jameson Fund are awarded to Mr. Alfred Harker, one of our Associate Editors. We are glad to note the activity of the Geological members of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, asmanif I by a circular from Mr. John II. Cooke, B>c, etc. y announcing a series of geological excursions in the neighbourhood of Lincoln. The immediate object is to study systematically and in detail the various formations of the county and to afford members opportunities for taking up special lines of geological research. The work will consist mainly in carefull \ noting the Stratigraphical and Liihological features of the formations and in collecting the fossils, commencing with the Lias Clays which form one of the most prominent geological features of Lincolnshire. 0m* Natural ist, Sr ROUGH NOTES ON MARINE ZOOLOGY IN THE SCARBOROUGH DISTRICT DURING THE LAST TWO YEARS. OX LEY GRABHAM, M.A., M. B.O.I To the naturalist who turns his steps towards the far stretching paths of Marine Zoology, a vast field for research lies open. We live in the age of specialists, and knowledge has increased, so that no one person can be well versed in all the 'ologies' under the sun; t< those who, like myself, pay greater and closer attention to other branches of natural history, but who still take more than a passing interest in the inhabitants of the loud-sounding main, these rough notes may be of some little interest. The man who relies on seeking his specimens from the shore alone, will find that after a time he arrives at a point thus far and no further, and although occasionally, after heavy storms, when the deeper waters have been disturbed, the inhabitants thereof are cast up on the beach, they are comparatively few and far between, and he must look round for other methods if he wishes to gain knowledge and specimens. There are two ways of doing this, either by taking occasional trips on board the trawlers, or by getting hold of some intelligent fisherman to bring in any curiosities that may be dredged up. But it is an extraordinary thing that even the magic words • I promise to pay, etc. seem very often to have lost their sway with these men; they consider everything that is uneatable or that will not letch a read} price in the market as so much rubbish ; and many a rare and unique specimen, which would rejoice the heart of the Marin* Zoologist, is ruthlessly hove overboard and lost for ever. A bibulous old mariner who occasionally brought me 'them rubbage/ as he termed his treasures, once deposited at my door a huge bucket crammed full of nothing but three or four hundred specimens of the common species of Pecten ; there was positively nothing else. It was useless to argue with him ; he always brought me the common* t things, and with no stinted hand, but things that i wanted wen conspicuous by their absence, so I gave him up in disgust. I onh found one man capable and willing to bring me decent specimens, and who was intelligent enough to discriminate between common and uncommon. To begin with the lowest in the scale, only two species of leUy-ilsh have come before my notice, the (Equorea or Medusa, and the Cydiffe pilens, the Beroe or Egg March 1S96. 82 GRABHAM : MARINE ZOOLOGY OF SCARBOROUGH. Jelly-fish ; the former is a beautiful object in the water, -learning with all the colours of the rainbow, and attains a great size* Out at sea one occasionally comes across huge masses of them, and I remember once when bathing from a boat oft Flamborough Head swimming into a regular phalanx and having to beat a hasty retreat, as the effect of their ' nematocysts ' or thread r cells had the same effect upon my shoulders as if I had been stum with nettles. There are several species of Sea-slug, the Naked-gilled Sea-slug (Doris ptilotd) being found under the rocks between high and low water. The Anemones are the beautiful large plumed (Plumaria), the common Actinia mesembryanthemum, the Bu nodes trassicornis, locally known as ' Scardoodles/ and used by the fisher- men for baiting their long lines, and the Akyonium digitatum, a beautiful thing enough in life, but when dead very repulsive looking, and often found washed up on the shore in masses after heavy weather; known to the fishermen as ' cows' paps' or 'dead men's fingers.' Amongst the Echinodermata, of Starfish I have found the following: — Ophiura textnrata (Sand Star), Ophiocoma rosula (Brittle Star), Uraster rubens (Common Cross-fish), Crihella oculata (Eyed CribelkO, Solastcr papposa (Sun Star), S. endeca (Purple Star), Pal- mipes membratiacens (Bird's Foot Sea Star). The Common Cross-fish and the Sun Star are much used as food in the hard weather by the ( Irey or Hooded Crows (Corvus t>rnix). Of Sea Urchins — Echinus sphere (Common Sea Urchin), Amphidotus cordatus (Common Heart Urchin), Spatangus purpureas (Purple Heart Urchin). A fisherman who brought me a large specimen of the latter, with all the spines off it, assured me that they were always known to them as ' Monks' eggs/ i.e., the eggs of the Monk or Angel Fish {Squalus sguatina). Of Vermes — the ubiquitous Lugworm (Arenicola marina), found wherever there is sand, and much used for bait ; a greenish-coloured creature, known locally as 'a Thirsk,' and in great request amongst cod-fishers, whose exact patronymic I have b< n unable to find out. Serpula, on nearly every large shell, piece of rock, etc. TireMla, SaM/iij and the Aphrodite aatleata or Sea Mouse, with its beautiful iridescent hairs. I have only come across one specimen myself, and that was taken out of the stomach of a Codfish, Of Crustacea (i) Cirrhipeds or Barnacles. The autumn of 1894 was remarkable for the quantities of the Ship or Goose Barnacle that were washed up attached in great masses to all manner of flotsam and jetsam, wood, cork, etc., and I had brought to me a hollow glass globe, such sls is used at times to ornament the top of a yawl's mast, which had been taken floating in the sea 80 miles off Scarborough, and to which £5"? were attached, at the only rou 1 part where a foothold was afforded. Xatti ■ RABH AM : MARINE ZOOLOGY OF SCARBOROUGH. 8* ^) a small cluster of eight or nine Lepas a nut if era (Ship or Goos< Barnacle). The Acorn Barnacle (Ba/anus balanoidcs) so common on all rocks, submerged piles, etc., is known to everyone- I had brought to me a large specimen of the shell Fusus auti/uus, on which were a flourishing colony of exceedingly large Acorn Barnacles, one of them measuring five inches in circumference at the base, which must have proved a veritable 'old man of the sea' to the unfortunate Fusus if he had to crawl through life with such nn incubus on his back. (2) Of Isopods, the swift-footed Ligea oceanica is to be found amongst the large boulders in Cayton Bay. (3) Of Decapods, Macrura, the Sand-hopper (Talitrus locust a) is to be found in great numbers, and the entrances of its little burrows are to be seen plentifully in the sand. The Shrimp (Crangon vulgaris) seem- to be getting scarcer every year on the Yorkshire coast, and the Prawn (Palatum serratus) is few and far between. The common Lobster {Homarus vulgaris) still seems to keep up its numbers, and the Blue or Spinous Galathea (Galathea strigosd) is occasionally caught in the lobster-pots, but when preserved the colours fade, and ^ive one very little idea of its beauty when alive. (4) Of Decapods, Brachyura, Eupagurus bernhardus (the Hermit Crab) is to be found everywhere, and of all sizes. The Great Crab ( Cancer pagurus), the Shore or Dog Crab (Carcinus m&na$\ are common. The Velvet Swimming Crab (Portunus puber) and the Masked Crab (Corystcs cassivelaunus) are rarer, as is also Hyas araneus and Stenorhyncltus phalangium (the Spider Crab). Some fine specimens of the Northern Stone, or King Crab, as the fishermen call it (Lithodes main), are got n the trawl-nets. Of Cephalopods, the Common Calamarv (Loligo vulgaris), known to the fishermen as 'Squid, 5 and much used for bait, is the commonest. The Octopus {Octopus vulgaris) is the next most common species, and the Cuttle-fish (Sepia vulgaris) is the rarest. It is from this last that the true Cuttle-fish bone is obtained which, when ground up, is largely used in the legal profession for rubbing over sheets of parchment to make them easier to write on and retain the ink better. It is then known as ' pounce.' It is 1 used in some patent foods for caged birds. The & arborough -triet is not a good or prolific coast for sea shells, though some of the species that do occur grow to a great si/.e. I have mentioned above a large Fusus antiqums. I also had a large Patwpaa norvegica and a very large Cyprina islandica brought to me, the former taken in a trawl-net, and the latter captured on one of the books of a long line set for cod; and I have en some huge Horse -Mussels (Modiola), covered with the pretty zoophyte Sertularia Ucula. It is a curious thing that the Common .Mussels here only m ;« 1 84 NOTES — ORNITHOLOGY. attain a small size: nearly all those vised by the fishermen as bait, come from Holland. Vast quantities of Limpets {Patella vulgaris), are gathered by the fishermen and girls ; they are locally known as 'Cithers'; and it is a picturesque sight, the women from the adjoining villages coming down the cliffs, they are always called c Hither girls, with their shawls on their heads, and their baskets on their backs, all eager to gather as many limpets as the)' can before the tide washes over their prey, and drives them back. Various Pectm$> locally known as 'queens,' are got in the trawls, and I had one very large Peden maximus, which was got in this manner. There is a small species of Diptera, a black fly, called the Sand Fly, which lays its eggs on the seaweed just above high-water mark, and when shore shooting in the early autumn I have often been astonished at the countless thousands of small maggots, extending for miles, and wriggling all over the sand. They form abundant food for the various shore-birds, waders, gulls, etc. NO TES— ORNITHOL O G K Flamborough Bird-notes. — I have nothing of much importance in the way of birds to mention, with the exception of a great many Red poles (Linota rtffesiens) that I have seen here in December 1895, and January 1896 — more than I have seen altogether for the last twenty years; they have been noticed all about the neighbourhood, several people having made inquiries of me respecting them- Also a few Fieldfares {Tardus pilaris) ; you will there find them in the very fields they always resort to every season. The fishermen inform me of large quantities of Guillemots (Lomvia troiie) coming into the cliffs. — Matthew Baii.ky, Flam- rough, February 17th, 1S96. North Lancashire Bird Notes. Euteo vit iris Leach. Several pairs formerly to be seen in the Broughton district. In the late eighties and early nineties I often, on going up the Duddon valley, saw them about Bank End and Raven's Crag on Dannerclale Fell- One of my specimens taken on Broughtoo Moor, 1891 ; the other in the parish of Thwaites r Cumberland. No North Lancashire of South Cumberland stations are given in men District. Fako peregrmm Tunst. A pair nested on Dow Crags, Coniston, 1895. Mac- pherson, pp. 209-12. gives it as seen at Flookborough and Walney, both coast localities. Falco irsalcn Tunst. Not often observed tx . My specimen was shot on Broughton Moor, 1 >2, by a gamekeeper. Macpherson, pp. 212-14. p*«* Coniston Fells and Walney Island. ILtmalcph; mtralegu$ L. A large Bock seen passing over Ulleswater, Aug. I&95* Macpherson mentions no inland locality. Cotymbus glacialis L. A female in winter plumage shot on Galloper Pool, near Foxfield, during the great frost of January- February, 1895. The bird is now in my possession. Macpherson gives three shot near Barrow— two in 1890-91 , and one, 1876 — and one on Windermere, 1888. —J. W. Fawcttt, Broughton in-Furness, December 1S95, Y <0f*++\m* nl- Katurati? 5 THE SEASON OF 1895 AT SKIP WITH NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. Rkv. C. D. ASH, B.A., r scar of $ktftmtk\ P res-dent of the En aologkal Section ot the \orishire XatW'iusis* I 'nion. In many respects the season of 1895 was, in this district, a great improvement upon the preceding one, and may, I think, be reasonably regarded as a fairly good one. Almost all species were much more abundant than last year, and a considerable number put in an appearance which were not included in last year's list. The insects of the year were undoubtedly Fieri* rapec, Vanessa urtiaz y Cluerocampa porcellus, Triphmna pronuba, and Atuhocelis litem, all of which were exceedingly abundant, the larvae of the first -named working terrible destruction among garden produce. r*i Dilobx cephala, hundreds of which might have been gathered from the hawthorn hedges in June. Of species observed here for the first time, the best were about a dozen of a nice dark form of Tephrosia biundularia, closely resembling, though apparently not quite identical with, the var. de/amereusis which is taken near York. These specimens all occurred in one narrow little strip of alder coppice, and were in the proportion of about eight to ten of the type, two extremely pale specimens being taken in the same place. Other uncommon species observed were Said bembeciformis (i), Xanthia gilvago (2), and Cirrlurdia xerampelina var. unicolor (1); the two latter at sugar in September. Among the miero-lepidoptera several fresh species were noticed, including a number of the mines of a JJthocolletis in leaves of Mountain Ash, which will, I hope, prove to be JL sorbi. Owing to a severe chill, contracted at the Yorkshire Naturalists' t ■ >n and Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union joint excursion to Broughton Woods on June 3rd, my collecting during the rest of that month, and during the very rainy July, was a great deal inter- rupted, while August was spent in the Isle of Man : consequently, the notes on these months are but fragmentary, which must be my excuse for the comparatively "poor list of fresh micro-kpidoptera observed, the best of the Tortrix season having been practically fost One species of this group which was very rare in 1894, viz., 4mphysa gcrningana, absolutely swarmed at the end of July Skipwith Common, and this was not a bad example of the difference between the two seasons. n March j 5. 86 ASH: LEP1BOPTERA AT SKIPWITH, 1S95. Directly the long frost broke up on March 7th, I set to work, and found that the early geometers were well out, both Hybemia rupicapraria and II progemmaria being plentiful along the hedge- rows at dusk, a very fair proportion of dark forms occurring amongst the latter. Sugaring was begun on. April 8th, and kept up pretty constantly right through the season, except in June and July, when T for reasons mentioned above, I was able to do little night work except in very fine weather. Throughout the season sugar proved fairly attractive, and scarcely a night was absolutely blank ; while on some occasions, notably during the last week of May and th first week of June, at the end of July and throughout the greater part of September (an abnormally hot month, by the way), moth swarmed at the trees in a way that I have not seen them do for many a year. The sallows were not really well out till April 16th, but a spell of favourable weather at that time enabled me to make the most of them. All the commoner species of Tceniocampa were in abundance, T. gracilis and T. instabilis being the most numerous, but I was disappointed at not getting either P popuhti or T. leuco- grapha, and only one T. opima turned up. Trachea piniperda and Larentia multistrigaria were in some numbers, and a good appearance Calocampa exokta, from which ova were obtained, and the hand- some larva reared. The weather that proved favourable for sallows was also good for larva hunting, and a lot of hard work was done, sweeping and searching on Skipwith Common, the results being a few Scodiona belgiaria ; Agrotis porphyria, Noctua xanthographa, Triphana protmba, and T. orbona in abundance, and a good many Agrotis agat/iina, these latter proving, as usual, most difficult to rear. The fine hot weather at the end of May brought out the Rhodo- dendron blossom, and, with it, Chcerocampa porcellus in unusual abundance, and fully ten days earlier than last year. Two speci- mens of C* elpenor also visited the flowers, and a host of other species, especially Plusia gamma, Xylophasia rurea, and Mamestra brassica'. Probably owing to the heat, the flowers were soon over, but their place was taken by Garden Rocket and white Pinks, which attracted numbers of C. porcellus, Plusia iota, P. T-aurauh P. gamma, P. chrysitis, and Abrostola urtiar, though the latter was much less abundant than last year. Owing to absence during August, and want of time for day work during the first part of September, no autumnal larva-beating was done, but an hour or two's work with the sweeping-net on the Common showed Eupithecia nanata, £. mimttata, and Agrotis Natural ■ ash: lepidoptera at skipwith, 1895. 87 porphyrea to be plentiful ; Anarta myrtilli being somewhat scarce as compared with last year. At sugar during September and the first part of October moths were generally plentiful, Anchocelis litura exceptionally so, while all following were the H. micacea, Noctn fairly well represented: — Hyd> nidi tans. c-nigrum (2), Orthosia lota, O. mat i tenia, ifina, A. pistacina, Scopelosoma sate//itia } Xanthia ferru- ginea, Polia flavicincta, Misclia exyacanthce, including some dozen or so of the var. capucina, and Phlogophora meticulosa. Cerastis vaccinii, and C. spadicca were less abundant than usual. A sharp spell of frost in the middle of October put a stop to night work for some days, and from various causes I was not able to resume it. Appended is a complete list of species observed which were not included in my last year's list : NOCTURNI (4). Chaerocampa elpenor. At flowers ; Skipwith. Sesia bembeciformis. Skipwith. Nola cucullatella. At light ; Skipwith. Arctia fuliginosa. Skipwith Common. GEOMETR.I. (5). Asthena luteata. Holly Cans. Emmelesia affinitata. Skipwith. Eupithecia tenuiata. Skipwith. Hypsipetes impluviata. Holly Cam, Cidaria pyraliata. Skipwith. DREPANULJ- (1). Cilix spinula. Skipwith. NOCTU.K (20). Leucania comma. At sugar; Skipwith. Nonagria fuiva. Skipwith. Cerigo cytherea. At sugar; Skipwith. Apamea basilinea. At sugar; Skipwith. Miana literosa. At sugar ; Skipwith. Rusina tenebrosa. At sugar; Skipwith. Agrotis saucia. At sugar ; Skipwith. Triphaena fimbria. At"sugar : Skipwith. Two specimens only Noctua plecta. At sugar; Skipwith. Orthosia suspecta. At sugar ; Skipwith. Eight specimens March 1896. $S ASH: LEPIDOPTERA AT SKIPWITH, 1895. Anchocelis rufina. At sugar; Skipwith. « Xanthia gilvago. At sugar; Skipwith. Two specimens. Cirrhcedia xerampelina. At sugar ; Skipwith. One specimen. Polia flavicincta. At sugar; Skipwith. Fairly common. Hadena adusta. H. dentina. At sugar; Skipwith. Hadena thalassina. At sugar ; Skipwith ; and reared from ova. Cucullia limbratica. At flower of Rhododendron ; Skipwith. Abrostola urticae. At flower of white Pink ; Skipwith. Mania maura. At sugar ; Skipwith. PVRALIDES (7). Pyralis glaucinalis. At light; Skipwith. Pyrausta purpuralis. P. ostrinalis. Skipwith Common. Herbula cespitalis. Skipwith Common. Hydrocampa nymphaealis. Skipwith Common. Scoparia atomalis. S. crataegella. Skipwith. CRAMBITES {3). L Crambus uliginosellus. Skipwith Common. Plodia interpunctella. Skipwith Common. Perapelia palumbella. skipwith Common. TORTRICES (10). Tortrix unifasciana, skipwith. Peronea mixtana. P. comparana- Skipwith Common. Peronea hastiana. Skipwith Common. Aspis udmanniana. Generally distributed. Phoxopteryx subarcuana. Skipwith Common. Grapholitha campoliliana. skipwith Common Poedisca corticana. Skipwith. Retinia pinicolana. Among Scotch firs: Skipwith Common. Argyrolepia cnicana. Skipwith Common. tixe.k {25). Lemnatophila phryganella. Holly I airs ; abundant. Tinea semifulvella. One specimen at sugar ; Skipwith. Lampronia rubiella. Skipwith. Adela fibulella. Skipwith. Plutella porrectella. Common amongst garden rocket ; Skip with. Naturalist, LINTON'S FASCICULI OF HIERACIA. * 89 Cerostoma radiatella. Skipwith Common. Harpipteryx nemorella. Larvae on honeysuckle; Skipwith. Gelechia populella. G. desertella. Skipwith Common. Argyresthia albistria. A. retinella, Bkipwith. Ocnerostoma piniariella. Abundant amongst the Scotcli firs on the Common. Ornix guttea. On apple; Skipwith. Coleophora pyrrhulipennella. Larvae on heather; Skipwith Common. Coleophora laricella. Swarming among larches; Holly Carrs. Coleophora fuscedinella* Amongst birches ; Skipwith Common. Coleophora gryphipennella. On wild rose everywhere. Coleophora siccifolia. Skipwith. Lithocolletis faginella. Escrick Park. Lithocolietis viminetella. On banks of the Ouse. Lithocolletis emberizaepennella. In plantations, Skipwith. Nepticula pygmaeella. N. oxyacanthella. Kscrick Park. Nepticula microtheriella. N. angulifasciella. Skipwith. PTEROPIIORI (*). Pterophorus punctidactylus- Skipwith Common ; rare. Pterophorus pterodactylus. (.Generally distributed. Total Macro-lepicioptera 29) Micro-Iepidoptera 37) Ar . . . I Maero-lepidoptera 2 48) Making the total for the district { Micro . 1epidopt era 164 » 4 "* NOTES AND NEIVS. Those indefatigable -entlemen, the Messrs. Linton, have issued a prospectus of a proposed * Set of British Hieracia; to consist of four or more fascicles ot not less than 25 numbers each. Considering that in the oth edition {1895) ot the London Cat. there are 104 species and 1 10 varieties, 214 in all, the subscribers to this series will receive more than half this number of specimens. That all the so-called varieties are worth representing is, we suppose, a question to be decided given to this enterprise. Running side by side with I /anbury s support nl\ or wild only, if such can be procured to represent the species well; or cultivate* only, if wild are not procured in sufficient quantity. We rely on cultivated pecimens to illustrate the type since those in nature are frequently aterrant or reformed or deficient in foliage, owing to the struggle for existence ; wnerea> plants grown on suitably poor soil and free from crowding, give specimens sucn as may be found in nature under favourable circumstances.' The subscription i* the 'usual guinea' a fascicle, carriage free- Communications to be addressed to the Rev. W. R. Linton, Shirley Vicarage, Derby. larch tBqfy. 9° MISCELLANEOUS NOTt>. NO TE—B TA N K Habenaria bifolia flore-pleno.— A beautiful specimen of the 'double flowered' Butterfly Orchis was found by Mr. Edgar Stabler in Brigsteer Wood, near Kendal, Westmorland, on June 16th last. I enclose a flower. — G. Stabler, Levens, Milnthorpe, Westmorland. Seems to be the fusion of two flowers, not a double flower in the ordinary sense of the term. — T.G.B. NO TE—H YMENO P TERA . Sirex gigas and S. juvencus. — In reference to Lieut. -Col. Haworth-Booth note on Sirex gigas in * The Naturalist ' for February, I believe I am correct in stating that in 1887, the year he mentions, an unusual number of Sirex g*&* s occurred in East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. I obtained one specimen at Brid- lington and exhibited it at a meeting of the Leeds Naturalists' Club and was then informed that it was the fourteenth specimen recorded by members of that Society during the year. The large cargoes of foreign timber discharged at Hull are probably the medium by which the insect is introduced into this part of England. A somewhat rarer capture was S. Juvencus, which I found in an office fireplace in the heart of Leeds. The only specimen recorded in Donovan's day was taken in an equally curious locality — the top window of a room in the Strand. — Henry B. Wilson, Westfield, Armley, February 4th, 1896. NOTE— FISHES. Large Kelt in Lake Lancashire. — A big Kelt was caught in a stream which afterwards joins the Duddon, weighing 30 lbs. ! which means a 50 lbs. salmon if it had been helped into Salter water. Dr. J. W. Fawcitt, of Broughton- in-Fumess, has its photo. — S. Lister Petty, Ulverston, December 20th, 1895. NOTE— MAMMALIA AND MOLLUSC A. Otters Feeding on Freshwater Mussels.— Mr. F. B. Whitlock has sent me a number of shells of Anodonta cygnea which he collected on an island in the river Soar, presumably not far from Beeston, Notts, asking me to note how the edges are bitten by some creature in opening them. He states that he has no doubt that this was the work of Otters {Intra lutra) y an animal which inhabit- that river, because at the spot where the shells were found the river is deep, the banks dropping sheer down into a depth of four feet of water, so that it seems impossible for Rats to have brought them up and then dragged them to land. Although the evidence is so far purely circumstantial, there can be little doubt that Mr. Whitlock ? s opinion is correct. My friend Mr. John W. Taylor, F.L.S., who has seen the shells, informs me that the manner in which they are bitten— all round the outer edges — is different from that in which shells of the same specie sent him from Nottinghamshire by Mr. C. T. Musson some years were opened by- Rats. The Rats had bitten the shells open at one end, and thereby extracted the contents. It would be of interest to confirm by direct ocular observation the cor- rectness of Mr, Whitlock's opinion. — W. Denisox ROEBUCK, Leeds, Feb. 21st. — v ■ *- w * NOTES AND NEWS. Sympathetic and graphically interesting memoirs of the late Lord De Tabley are published in the Athenceum for November 30th (by Mr, Theodore Watts), and in the Contemporary Review for January (by Mr. Edmund Gosse)— also in the February Journal of Botany, the latter including a list of his deceased lordship's botanical papers, 1869— 1877, many of them concerned with the flora of Cheshire. Naturalist* 9i FURTHER NOTES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ROSACEA P. Q. KEEGAN, LL.H / *atierda /r f Ulleswa ter. As my paper in the January number of this journal (1S95,. page 23) has not perhaps been fully understood by some readers, I propose here to add a few explanatory remarks relative to the subject matter thereof, followed by a short summary of conclusions. The main reason for investigating by chemical analysis the rosacean plants was as stated, viz., ' to trace a connection between the vivid and powerful pigments exhibited by the flowers, leaves, etc., and the products of metabolism, such as can be referred to the benzene or other series of hydrocarbons noted for their colour-producing properties.' Everyone knows that carbon is the essential element of organic nature, i.e., animals and plants are almost entirely constructed of compounds of carbon. Now the first and most fundamental class of carbon compounds are the hydrocarbons or the combinations of carbon with hydrogen alone, and of these a series of six or seven in number are the most important. Everyone has heard of or seen the magnificent aniline dyes manufactured from coal-tar, and the question naturally arises, to what series of hydro- carbons can these splendid colourations be referred? The answer is, that nearly all organic dye-stuffs are derived from what have been termed respectively the benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, or quinolene series of hydrocarbons. Now, let us direct our attention to the fields, woods, and gardens. Are the brilliant and beautiful pigments of Roses, Bluebells, Hollyhocks, etc., in any way related as respects their origin, etc., to the superb scarlets, blues, yellows, etc., which in these latter days fascinate us in the ball-room or at the ballet or pantomime? Would it not be supremely interesting if someone were to discover that these coal-tar colours put us as it were in possession of the very colours by which nature adorns the flowers? In the year 1869, Dr. Phipson averred that l in numerous cases the general chemical properties and spectral characters of the flower colours are identical with those of the ^coal-tar colours {Jeuni. C/iem. Soi\, 1869). This statement has not bean borne out, inasmuch as it is certain that most artificial dye-stuffs have no analogue in plants or animals. Nevertheless, chemical researches have established the fact that the colours of flowers are mainly derived from the benzene series of hydrocarbons, which likewise, as aforesaid, gives origin to some of the most telling and brilliant i March r5 - ^* th^ >rf H «}2 KEKGAN : CHEMISTRY OF THE ROSACEA. dye-stuffs — the aniline dyes especially. Now, among the derivatives of benzene which are found contained in the petals, etc., of red and blue flowers, the most frequent, and often the only ones, are tannin and rutin, and there is satisfactory evidence that the production of the floral pigments is due entirely or mainly to these two bodies. The substance which tinges the yellow, orange, and brick-red flowers, r fruits, and pollens is carotin, which, it has been conjectured, is a derivative of anthracene — a hydrocarbon which furnishes the basis of some of the most brilliant dye-stuffs of our manufacturers. Thus far only, therefore, merely in this generally related way can a connection be traced between the natural colouration of flowers and the artificial colouration derived from coal-tar. However, in any case, is it not interesting to examine chemically the beautifully painted petal, leaf, or fruit, in order to observe whether tannin or rutin can be detected therein, and if so, then to proceed further with the inquiry and endeavour to discover in what way these almost ■colourless bodies are transformed in the living plants so as to become actual colouring matters ? This last topic cannot, however, be discussed just at present, so let us, by the light of the explanations afforded in the foregoing lines, render a brief summary of the results of the chemical investigation which has been described in the January number of this journal. Summary. — It was efore disposing of him finally.— E. G. Bayfoius Barnsley, February 17th, 1806. Gibbium scotias at Barnsley.— A living specimen of this beetle, mk yet recorded from Yorkshire, was brought to me by Mr. \\ . F. Brady on the 3rd of February. As it was found walking over the breakfast table, there is a probability - • • However, as this is its first recorded occurrence in the county, it is not without interest. The specimen in question, still alive, was exhibited by me at the meeting of the Barnsley Naturalist an F. G. Bayford, Barn ■ that it is an imported specimen ^how, or with what, is uncertain. However, as occurrence in the county, it is not without in -94 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION AT LINCOLN. The Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union held its Annual Meeting at Lincoln on the 3rd October last. Excursions had been arranged for the morning in the neighbourhood of Lincoln, for which Mr. >L R. W. Sibthorp and Mr. N. C. Cockburn had most liberally and kindly opened their woods at Canwick and Hartsholme. Owing, however, to the very wretched state of the weather these excursions had to be abandoned. The great feature of the day was the opening of the Museum, for which rooms in the (Gateway of Lincoln Castle had been granted, rent free, by the County Committee. At the founding of the Union in 1893 it was resolved that the formation of a Museum for the county should be one of the first objects of the Union. Since then the Executive has been working for this end, and the successful result of their labours was shown in the proceedings of this day. After luncheon at two o'clock at the Saracen's Head, the members, who had assembled in considerable force, made their way to the Castle. There was a large attendance of non-members -also, and many more would have come, had not the bad state of the weather prevented them. The Bishop of Lincoln, who has been a member of the Union from the first, and had consented to open the Museum, said that, without pretending to a great knowledge of natural science, he came there, with a real hearty good-will, to show his sympathy with the founding of a Natural History Museum in Lincoln, because he thoroughly appreciated what he ventured to call the scientific spirit, and thought that the cultivation and development of that spirit was at least a part of what a Natural History Museum was intended to accomplish. He inculcated a habit of observation ; learning to see things gradually ; to see where they differed, and where they corre- sponded ; that which enabled the student to group together things in thefnselves essentially united was, he said, the real basis of scientific classification. The scientific spirit led to a spirit of reverence and gentleness, and he did not think a person could devote himself to the study of natural history without increasing in reverence and tenderness for the least and most insignificant >bjects. A man who has some sort of conception of the unity that there is in nature, who could see things not merely as separate units but in their wonderful combinations, does not care whether it is raining or whether it is fine, but works because he has a real N.uuriJi^t, LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS 7 UNION AT LINCOLN. 95 interest in his work, and has no inclination for a listless kind of loafing through life. These, he said, were general platitudes, but, for these general reasons, he had great pleasure in coming there that day to declare the Lincoln Museum open, and might God's blessing be upon it. The President, in moving a vote of thanks to the Bishop, touched upon the want of funds necessary for the successful carrying out of an adequate museum for the county, of which the start they had made that day was only intended to be a nucleus ; and lie hoped the antiquaries of Lincolnshire w r ould join the Museum Committee, and aid in collecting the valuable relics and records with which the county abounded. He had, he said, large collections of shells, insects, and other objects which he would gladly transfer to the Museum when proper cases could be found for them. Canon Fowler seconded this resolution, and said that, when Lincoln got the School of Science and Art, there was a desire to Museum ; because so many good things, which would have been given to the city, such as the great collection of l)e Wint's pictures, now the glory of South Kensington Museum; the Franklin relics, which were very important ; and other well-known collections had gone elsewhere for want of a proper place to keep them in ; and he hoped, now that they had made a small beginning towards a County Museum, they would ultimately attain that object, which they had so sincerely at heart. The vote of thanks was then passed with enthusiasm. The objects shown in the Museum were of considerable interest. The County Herbarium, consisting of some 10,000 specimens, which, through the untiring energy of the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, and his knowledge of plants, especially in the relation of species to outcrops and soils, had been collected and brought together for years past, and was enclosed in four large cabinets, must be men- tioned first. Mr. Peacock has worked unceasingly in this department, and if as good collections are hereafter made of the birds, insects, shells, and fossils of the county, then the Museum will form, what it is intended to be, a most instructive collection not only for students, but for all who come to see it. Mr. Burton had given a case of W hooper Swans, shot the previous winter near Lincoln, and lie had also lent a collection of British Land Shells, and of Zoophytes, the latter taken mainly from the Lincolnshire coast. He also showed some Rhcetic and Liassic fossils, and Beaver teeth found, with other animal remains and pieces of pottery, in the refuse heap of a Roman villa, which was unearthed, >me years ago, in making a lake in Thonock Park, near Gainsborough. l »rch 1896. 96 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT LINCOLN. A number of birds, very admirably set up, had been most generously given by Mr. Fieldsend, the Hon. Curator of the Union. Mr. Fieldsend is a true artist and student of nature, and the setting up of his cases is not the mere skill of the bird-stuffer, but he aims at the example set by the authorities at South Kensington, not only to present his subjects in correct living attitudes, but to show them as they appear, and as they frequently conceal themselves, in their native haunts ; and it is only just praise to say that he succeeds in what he is aiming at. Mr. William Emerson, of Lincoln, gave an excellent collection of birds' eggs taken in the county, containing many rare species, and some of them extinct. Canon Fowler lent cases of British Butterflies and Land Shells. Mr. J. H. Cooke, now, fortunately for the Union and Museum, located in Lincoln, in connection with the Science and Art Classes of the county, lent some of his Maltese fossils, which are of the highest interest, and which have already made his name known wherever geology and palaeontology are cared for. The Mechanics Institute very kindly lent some valuable Roman pottery, and also the cases in which many of the objects were displayed. British insects and fossils came from the Rev. W. \Y. Cooper, of West Rasen, Miss Yenables, and Mr. Jarvis Rainey, of Spilsby ; and a large ammonite from the chalk, near Barton-on-Humber, from Mr. Ball* At four o'clock the Annual Meeting of the Union was held at the Saracen's Head. The President, who took the chair, read a short report as to the meetings during the year; alluding especially to the one on the 3rd June at Brigg, when the Yorkshire naturalists met those of Lincolnshire, and a joint meeting of the two Unions was held. He alluded also to the successful efforts that had been made, during the past year, in obtaining protection for wild birds on the Lincolnshire coast, through the aid of the Lindsey ■ County Council The Hon. Secretary then read his report, showing a satisfactory increase in the number of members ; and, after a few words from Mr* Sneath, the auditor, respecting the account-, which necessarily could not be gone into at that meeting, the Rev. Canon Fowler, Secretary j elected ig vear. The Rev. E. A. Woodruffe- Peacock was re-elected Hon. Secretary. The Muse and the retiring President then delivered his address, 'The Story oi alreacl this very successful meeting came to an end. — F. M. Burton. IS;uuraH>t, 97 FURTHER DISCOVERIES OF ARENARIA GOTHICA. LISTER ROTHERAY. Skip ton -in-Cra ven t J r orksk ire. SECOND PAPER. In 'The Naturalist' for November 1895 I recorded the discovery on August 13th, 1895, of Arenaria gothica Fries, on a cart-track in three adjoining pastures near to the head of Sulber Nick, but between that place and Selside, the said cart-track running between the latter place and Crummack Dale and Clapham. At that time, being dissatisfied, as regards their completeness^ with my observations of the plant in the stations above-named and in the cart-track outside the head of the Nick (Mr. Farrer's Station i), I resolved to visit the place again at the earliest opportunity, in order to explore the track lying further to the south of the latter station as well as also to investigate the moorland on the west, and Sulber Nick itself on the east. Accordingly with these objects in view, the morning of Sept 16th found me once more in the vicinity of Sulber Nick, but alas ! under changed and more unfavourable conditions for the work in hand ; for when I reached the precincts of the Nick, I found all the surrounding district enveloped in a thick, sleety fog, which com- pletely hid from view all objects except those within a radius of a few yards, and which seemed to have arisen and settled down in a very short time. This being the case, the task in hand was rendered all the more difficult and uncomfortable by reason of the soaking nature of the grass and blinding sleet, the latter of which being driven by a strong breeze, swept the surface of the ground like a drizzling rain. However, despite the unpleasant nature of the atmospheric conditions, the task of exploration was commenced with a survey of the precincts of the Nick itself; but although I made a most careful search of its northern side, together with a large portion of its bottom surface, extending some distance towards its southern limit, not a vestige of the Arenaria was seen, until the slope bounding the western end was reached. It was whilst here ascending a footpath that, after crossing the Nick, leads up the western slope towards the wicket-gate in the boundary wall outside the head of the Nick, that the first sign of the Arenaria was met with. When near to the top of the sloping side, and within a few yards of the gate itself, one single plant, then two more, and another odd •V fr ii 1896. G 98 ROTHERAY : FURTHER DISCOVERIES OF ARENARIA GOTHICA. one were discovered, growing on the sides of the footpath, which at this place consisted of rough stony ground. At the sight of these, my first discovery, I began more carefully and minutely to search the adjoining slope and edges of the ascent on each side of the path, but although I went for above 100 yards in one direction, and between 30 and 40 in the opposite one, not another plant of the Armaria did I see about there. In the evening, however, when returning to the station, a more extended survey of the ground at the base of the slope was made, resulting after a while in the discovery of four more places in which the Arenaria rew. The situation of three of these, like the first one, was alongside of the same footpath, tw r o being on one side and one on the other, whilst the fourth one was right in the centre of the track, the distance from first to last being some 300 to 400 yards from the wicket-gate. In point of character these places differed very con- siderably; the first, on which were about 20 plants, consisting of a large flat piece of limestone rock, partly covered with sandy soil, and bearing one or two juniper bushes, under which the largest plants were found. In the second and third, however, the soil was a mixture of sand and peat, intermixed with small broken pieces of limestone, the place being very moist, as if water had recently lodged there ; and in the last one, the ground was more dry and stony. The number of piants in the second and third was 14 and 11 respectively, but in the fourth there were only three. In the morning, after leaving the precincts of Sulber Nick, my attention was given to the portion of the cart-track lying to the south of Mr. Farrer's Station L, and extending thence to his second station, at the entrance to Clapham Bottoms, a distance of a mile or thereabouts. On emerging through the gateway out of Sulber pasture, the cart-track enters upon a large tract of open moorland, called Long Scar, and during its entire length from Station I. to Station II. it is wholly confined to this pasture, the course of the track being along the more grassy and nearly level portion, this being bounded on each side (east and west) by rocky limestone ridges rising one above the other, from which I suppose the pasture gains its name. On this pasture Mr. Farrer's two stations are situated, at the northern and southern extremities, Station I. occupying the former and Station li- the latter position, connected by the cart-track which runs from Clapham to Selside. On entering this pasture, and for about half the distance of its course through it, the cart-track is single, after which it divides into two branches, one of which turns to the right and runs in the Naturalist, rotheray: further discoveries of arenaria gothica. 99 direction of Clapham Bottoms, whilst the other to the left proceeds towards Crummack Dale. When I commenced the survey of this portion of the cart-track I was under the impression that the Arenaria was here an absentee, no plants having been seen by Mr. Farrer between his two stations, either at the time of their discovery or since. Imagine, therefore, my surprise when, after proceeding a few yards beyond the spot where I found the first plant on August 13th, I came across three specimens of the Arenaria inside the cart-ruts, and three more some 20 yards further south, in the same position, all in full flower. In this manner, with but slight variation in the intervals of distance from each other, I traced the Arenaria all the way along the single track, to where it divided into the Crummack Dale and Clapham Bottoms tracks, the plant appearing sometimes singly, and at others in twos and threes, but never in lamer numbers, and always in the part between the wheel-ruts, never outside them, the reason being in my opinion that the ground was too grassy for its sustenance. The discovery and tracing of the Arenaria upon the single track up to the point of division gave me hope for the exploration of the two branches, and it was with no small amount of this feeling that I first commenced the Clapham Bottoms track. This had not been tollowed more than 10 or 12 yards when two plants were met with, but no more were seen for the next 400 yards or so, the track, during nearly the whole of this distance, being scarcely distinguishable on account of the long grass which here formed the covering of the ground over which it ran. At about this distance, however, a change began, and the track here passed over a portion of bare lime- stone which protrudes above the soil, on which several specimens of the Arenaria were found, whilst on some damp stony ground, adjacent to the limestone, were found several other specimens, some even or ten yards from the track itself. From this point no other plants of the Arenaria were seen upon the track until Mr. Farrers Nation 2 was reached, when they again began to appear very sparingly in odd places along the stony portions of it for a distance of perhaps 60 or 70 yards, and then again suddenly disappeared at a point 100 yards or so before the track left the hill side and passed through a gate into an adjoining pasture, and thence into Clapham Bottoms, With the exploration of the Crummack Dale track, however, for better results in the discovery of the Arenaria were obtained. In the first 240 yards of this track, from the point of division, I counted between 30 and 40 specimens of the Arenaria. all of which were growing between the cart-wheel ruts, 10 of them A PnI 1896. IOO NOTES BOTANY AND ORNITHOLOGY. being clustered together at about 87 yards distance from the commencement, the cause of this greater number in so short a space being no doubt the more stony nature of the ground over which this portion of the tract ran. From this point the Crummack Dale track, like the Clapham Bottoms one, also changed its course over a grassy part of the moorland, and no plants were seen for the next quarter of a mile or so, when seven more were met with, not however in the track itself, but in a small hollow some three or four yards outside the left wheel-rut, the companion growth being Arenaria verna and Sagina nodosa. From here this track was pursued for nearly another half a mile, until it began to gently descend the hill into the dale itself, but no other plants were seen, although both Arenaria verna and Sagina nodosa appeared frequently upon it. During the remainder of the afternoon, further explorations for the Arenaria were made in both Sulber pastures and Long Scar pasture, as well as on the higher moorland running up to Simon Fell, these resulting in the discovery of the plant in two more places in the former, and one in Long Scar, about 200 yards west of the head of Sulber Nick, and about midway between that and Mr. Farrer's reported station of July 3rd, 1895. I may add that specimens of the plants from the localities herein noted, together with a sketch map of the district showing the precise stations, and full details of the characteristics of these stations and of the vegetation accompanying the Arenaria at each, were forwarded to Mr. Wm, Whitwell immediately after my exploration. NOTE—BOTANY. Hyoscyamus niger in Furness. — Last year I was much surprised to see an enormous area near Bardsea Mill covered with this species. It was recorded from Bardsea by Alton in 1843, but I had so far failed to see it. Being so intermittent in its appearance hope was left that some day it would occur. I saw it, one plant only, at Rampside in 1888, and not since. — S. L. Petty, Ulvers March 4th, 1896. ersior NOTE— ORNITHOLOGY. Rare Birds at Bridlington. — The violent gales of November last were instrumental in driving on to the Yorkshire coast some birds of exceptional rarity* and I had the privilege of seeing the following species in the shop of Mr. A. S- Hutchinson, taxidermist, of Derby, on a recent visit. The birds were all captured at Bridlington during the stormy weather of the second week in November, iS9> Sabine's Gull {Larus sabinii). An immature specimen of an 1895 bird. Th few known British -killed specimens of this bird are chietiy immature examples. Little Guil {Larus minulus). In winter plumage. & oty Shearwater {Puffinus grisats). Adult specimen n winter plumage. Great Shearwater {Puffinus major). Adult specimen. E. How art H, Museum, Sheffield, March 25th, 1896. N*tttraJist> IOI THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA, i597(?)-i893. LISTER PETTY. Ulverston, EIGHTH PAPER. Ribes nigrum L. Clarke's First Record, 1660. 1874* Miss E. Hodgson, Angerton Moss ; between Bowstead dates and the Blacking Mill. 1885. Baker's Flora, 97. Miss Hodgson repeated. Road-side below Gummers How at foot of Windermere, J. G. Baker. Hippuris vulgaris L. C.F.R., 1597. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 5. Almost everywhere in muddy ditches in north-west of Lancashire, Isaac Hall 1 ; and repeated in all subsequent editions. 1830. Otley, Guide, ed. iv., 140. Grows in the ditches near Cartmel Well. 1834. Baxter, Phsenog. Bot., i., 49. 1834. Otley, ed. v., 140, repeated, and in all following editions. l86l # Phytologist, 257. Ditches between Humphrey Head and Cartmel, C. J. Ashfield. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Bardsea Mill Pond. 1885. Baker's Flora, 94. Ashfield and Miss Hodgson repeated. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. C.F.R., 1660. [1861 (1855). Martineairs Guide, 183. Windermere.] 1864, Linton, Lake Country, 322. 'Common,' no locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 94-5. Coniston Lake, Miss S. Beever. Myriophyllum spicatum L. C.F.R., 1640. [l86l (1855). Martineau's Guide, 183, Windermere.] 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 322. * Common/ no locality. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Urswick Tarn. 1885. Baker's Flora, 95. Miss E. Hodgson repeated. Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. C.F.R., 1724. 1874. J. of Bot., Miss E. Hodgson. Urswick Tarn; Cark Beck. ■-■■■! ***f^mm^m++ m .^ ■ ■ _ 11- 1 1 1 " ' *" ^^^^ m^— «^— ^p— — i*— ***** — 1 Isaac Hall, of Newton-in-Cartmei ; b. 25th Sept., I75 6 » & 16th May, 1815. Member of Society of Friends, and buried at their ground at Height, near Newton. Called in their registers * Flax dealer/ He had the Hill Mill, near Cartmel. for sninnirifr. and also weavers at Newton. Local plant list in Withering, ed. iii., 1 796. For biographical the London Registrar of the Society of Friends. April 1896. local Registrar; and Mr. Sharp 102 PETTY: CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. Callitriche verna U CF.R. (aggregate), 1762. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Urswick Tarn ; Clerks Beck tributary. 1885. Bakers Flora, 95. Low Water, Coniston Old Man. Callitriche platycarpa Kuetz. 1874. J- o{ B > Miss E - Hodgson. Spring near the Crag, near Ulverston ; Plumpton lanes ditches. Callitriche hamulata Kuetz. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Lightburn, Ulverston ; Cartmel Beck. Lythrum Salicaria L. C.F.R., 1548- Lysimachia purpurea, etc. 1680 ; see 1889. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 262. Near Conishead Priory, Aiton, and Wraysholme Tower, Cartmel. W. Wilson. 1861. Phytologist, 237. Ditches between Humphrey Head and Cartmel r C. J. Ashfield. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 322. { Common/ No locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. By the river Crake ; Urswick Tarn ; damp meadows near the south shores, not infrequent. 1885. Baker's Flora, 96. * Ascending to 250 yards over Coniston.' 1889. Westm. Note-book, 184. Extracts from Lawson's Note-book (circ. 1680) ed. J. A. Martindale. 'Marsh- grainge copiose/ Lawson. Peplis Portula L. C.F.R., 1632* 882. J. of B., 347. In Mr. W. F. Miller's ■ Lake Lancashire Plants/ but without any locality — name only. 1892. ' Naturalist. 81. Side of a small tarn on Coniston Moor, t888, L. Petty. When the latter record was published I was unaware of the earlier, \ agu< though it is, and concluded the species had not been previously chronicled for North Lancashire. Epilobium angustifolium L. C.F.R., 159/* Lysimachia speciosa, quibusdam Onagra dicta siliquosa. 1744, Wilson, J., Synop., 191-2. 'In a field a little from Hawkshead, Lancashire/ Marked as found by Wilson himself. 1 1763, Martyn. Plant. Cantab., 61 ; locality repeated. 170* Withering, ed. 3, 366. At Satterthwaite and Brow Edge, in Fumes- Fells, Jackson ; and repeated in all subsequent editions. l805- Turner and Dillwyn, Bot Guide, ii., 368. * Martyn ' and Jackson repeated, and in 1834. Baxter Phsenog. Bot, i. ? 14. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 264. Scarce. Around Conishead Priory ; Aiton ; river side between Cark and Cartmel ; W. Wilson. 1874* 1 John Wilson, of Kendal, died 1751. See Britten and B01 ;er r s Index, t$3 The story of his cow is in Pulteney, ii., 265. tfatnratfst* PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 103 J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. By the beck at Newland, near Ulverston ; perhaps an old garden escape. 1885. Baker's Flora, 91. J. Wilson, Alton, W. Wilson and Miss Hodgson repeated. 1888. Westm. Note-book, 82. J. Wilson repeated in full. Epilobium hirsutum C.F.R., 1597. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Ditch sides at Flook borough ; Little Mill Fields near Dalton. Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. 1874. J C.F.R., 1629. Edge of Bardsea Mill Pond ; about the Slate Quarries, Walna Scar ; near Skathwaite, Penny Bridge. 1885. Baker's Flora, 92. ' Ascending to Walna Scar Q ium montanum 1843- J C.F.R., 1570. In the woods around Bardsea, Alton. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 322. * Common/ no locality. 1874* J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. [Epilobium tetragonum L. 1874. J- °f B., Miss E. Hodgson. Flora, 92. 'Typical tetragonum not known/ i.e., within the limits No locality. 1885. Baker's of the Lake District]. Epilobium obscurum C.F.R., 1856. 1874. J- °f B., Miss E. Hodgson. Mansriggs Wood, near Ulverston. Epilobium .-dm C.F.R., 1660. 1874. J- of B., Miss E - Hodgson. Peat mosses, Ulverston; Newland, by the Blacking Mill. 1885. Baker's Flora, 92. < Ascend- ing from the shore level in peat mosses at Ulverston/ CEnothera biennis L. 1893. Naturalist, 355. Wi Bank. A garden escape, L. P. Circaea lutetiana L. Lane C.F.R., 1597. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 322. ' Common,' no locality. 1874. J* of B., Miss E, He Graythwaite and Lake Side. Circa*a alpina L. Banks of the Crake, between C.F.R., 1762. Rocky woods, Lancashire, West- 1787. Withering, ed. ii., 24. morland, and Cumberland. Woodward, and repeated in 1796, ed. iii., 11 ; and in all following editions. 1800. Smith, FL Brit., i., 14. In Lancashire, Dawson Turner ; in several places by the road- side from Ulverston to Hawkshead, Jas. Crowe. 1 1802. Smith and Sowerby, Eng. Bot., vol 15, 1059. Chiefly confined to mountainous "" — ' - 1 ^_^— nmm unr V -.-, L _i ,nn L1U "-n r -|j _ _iu m wm m immmmt ■ i«i m i ■**■■■*« ■ n" «- - 1 - ll[l 1 James Crowe. See Britten and Boulger's ' Index,' p. 41. April 1896. 104 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. stony, shady places in Westmorland, Cumberland, and Lancashire. 805 Crowe repeated 1828. Smith, Eng. Flora, ed. ii., L, 16. Turner repeated. 1832. Smith and Sowerby, Eng. Bot., ed. ii., vol. I., 11. 'Lancashire/ 1855. Watson, New B. G. I., 300. Crowe repeated, but ascribed to *B. G.'; and repeated in 1842. Wordsworth's Scenery, 23. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 265. About Bardsea Hall, Aiton. Linton, Lake Country, 322. Crowe's locality repeated. 1885. Baker's Flora, 93-4. Crowe repeated. Shore of Coniston Water and walls by the side of the main road in Coniston village, Miss S. Beever and J. G. Baker. 1892. Naturalist, 81. Miss Beever's locality repeated. Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. C.F.R., 1562. Cotyledon palnstris. Circa 1580; see 1889. 1864* Linton, Lake Country, 323. ' Common,' no locality. 1874- J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1889. Westm. Note-book, 185. Extracts from Lawson's Note-book, cite, 1680; edit, by J. A. Martindale. * Marshgrainge, copiose? Lawson. Eryngium maritimum L. E. mart num. C.F.R., 1548- 1744. Wilson, Syn. 75. 'On the west shore of the Isle of Walney, opposite North Seale, plentifully. Marked as found by Wilson himself. 1746. Walney, plenti- fully, Mr. Thornbeck. 1 1763, Martyn, Plant. Cantab., 61. Locality repeated. 1793. Miln repeated. 1843. J°pl 2. J. Wilson On the shore Q 139 [son. 1849. Otley, C 1864. Linton, Lake No locality. 1874. J. of Bot., Miss E. Hodgson, Roosebeck ; Walney. 1885. Baker's Flora, Miss Hodgson repeated. 1888 repeated in full. Sanicula europaea L. J J C.F.R., 1548. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. * Common/ no locality. 1874- J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. [Echinophora spinosa L Crithmum maritimum spinosum. C. B. First reported by Lawson to Ray, April 1688. 1688. Ray, Fascia, 5. * Observed by Mr. Lawson at Roosebeck in Low Furness,' and repeated 1690. Ray, Syn., ed. i., 72. 1695. Camden, Brit, ed. Gibson, 803. 1696. Ray, Syn., ed. ii., 114 — ^ HO l 'IfclWll" " "!' 1 Thornbeck was *a surgeon and expert botanist at Ingleton, Yorks.' Pulteney, Sketches, 1790, ii. 5 272 Naturalist PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 105 1718. Derham, Phil. Lett, 216. Lawson's letter to Ray in full. 1724. Ray, Syn., ed. iii., 320. 1744- Wilson, Syn., 74. 1762. Hudson, Fl. Ang., ed. i., 97-8. 1763. Martyn, Plant. Cantab., 61. 1775* Jenkinson, Desc. Brit. PI., 45. Lawson repeated, and i Mr. West 1 told me he found it last year in Low Furness.' I77& Robson, S. Flora, 205. Lawson repeated, and in 1778. Hudson, Fl. Ang., ed. ii., 112. 1787. Withering, ed. ii., 268, but ascribed to 'Ray. 9 1789, Camden, ed. Gough, 145. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 285-6. Lawson repeated, and 'where I searched for it, which has been frequently done by a person resident near that place, but without success/ J. T. Woodward. 'Mr. W. Atkinson lately told me [i.e. Withering] it is not to be found near Roosebeck, but that the Salso/a kali is found there, and that it is apprehended this was sent to Mr. Ray in a dried state by his sister, 2 who used to collect plants for him. But Ray gives the plant on the authority of Mr. Lawson, so that if there be a mistake, it probably originated with the latter.' 1799. Dr. Hull, Brit. FL, 58-9. 'This plant is no longer to be found at Roosebeck . . . See Withering/ 1800. Smith, Fl. Brit, I., 293-4. 'Not found by any botanist of the present day.' 1801. Withering, ed. iv., 280. As before ; not given in later editions. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, I., 367. Lawson's locality and Woodward repeated, but for the former ■ Ray.' 1807. Miller, Gard. Diet, ed. Martyn, 3 vol. L, pt. 2. Found by Ray on the sea coast of Lancashire. 1808. Hull, Flora, ed. ii., 78. As before. 1812. Smith and Sowerby, Eng. Bot, vol. 34, 2413. 4 . . . the plant is one of those of which we have been obliged to recur to an exotic specimen, for though there are numerous authorities for its having been formerly found in various and remote parts of the English sea-coast, nobody can meet with it now. Its aspect and characters are too distinct to admit a possibility of any other plant having been mistaken for this.' 1828. Smith, Eng. FL, ed. ii., 37.8. Lawson repeated. 1830. Hooker, W. J., Brit FL, ed. i., 134-5. 'Found many years ago in Lancashire . . . but now apparently extinct. Now I fear quite lost as a native of Britain; and repeated in 1855. Hooker, ed. iii., 139. 1835* Watson, N. Bot. Guide, I., 301. 'Roosebeck, Low Furness. Ray Furness and Cartmel, 265. On the shore at Sand- scale, near Ulverston, Alton. Near Winder Hall, Cartmel, W. Wilson. 1844. Baxter, Phaenog. Bot., 478. Lawson and Woodward repeated. 1847. Steele, Handb., 32. 'Lancashire.' 1847. Ka b-> Man., ed. ii., 147 ; and in 1851, 1856, 1862, 1867, 1874, 1881. As before. 1847, Watson, Cybele, L, 464. 'Incognit. . . . Said to have been observed by Lawson at Roosebeck, . , . where it was sought unsuccessfully by Woodward. Either the plant has become extinct or some other has been mistaken for it.' 1S48. Ray Corresp., Ray Soc, 197, et seq. Lawson to Ray in full. 1852. Watson. Cybele, vol. iii., 447. Mr. Aiton records this plant in terms that would seem to imply it had been found by himself (see above, 1843). Could Eryngium maritimum have been mistaken for it 'by a botanist who expected to find the latter?' 1 1850. Hooker and Arnott, Brit. FL, ed. vi., 180. As before, and in 1855, ed. vii., 189. i860. Ed. viii., 189. 1851. Steele, Handb., ed. ii., 23. As before. (No date, but about 1855.) Miss Pratt, FL PL, iii., 88-9. 'Appa- rently now lost' in Lancashire and Kent. 2 1858. Irvine, Handb. Brit. PL, 605. 'Not observed since the times of Gerard" and Ray. 1865. Eng. Bot., ed. iii., vol. 4, 172-3. 'Now extinct/ and Lawson's locality repeated. 1870. Watson's Compendium, 518. Lake Lancashire. Extinct casual. 1885. Baker's Flora, 113. Lawson. Aiton, and W. Wilson repeated. ' Modern confirmation especial!} wanted/ etc. 1888. Westm. Note-book, 82. Lawson repeated in Martindale's * Early Westm. Plant Records/] Coniurn maculatum L. C.F.R., 154 8 - 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. ' Not common/ no locality. 1882. J. of B., 347, Swarthmoor Hall. W. F. Miller. Apium graveolens L. C.F.R., 154 8 - Apium palustre sen officinaritm C. B. First reported by Lawson to Ray, April 1688. 1718. Derhann Phil. Lett., 213. Near Cartmel Medicinal Well, on the marsh A But there is no such record for Eryngium maritimum except Otiey's. I have E* maritimum booked as at Rampside and between Roosebeck and Aldingham, but not on the Ulverston or Winder Hall shores. -Miss Pratt. Like other publications of the R.T.S. this work is undated* Obit* notice mj. of B., 1894, from which the date is taken. 3 See Herbal, 1633, ca P- *54» ^'0. 2. C. spinosum. All the localities given are south country. Natural^ PETTY: CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. IOJ ditches. Lawson. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 265* Marsh between Old Park and Hag Wood, near Holker. W. Wilson. 1848. Kay Corresp., Ray Soc, 197 et seq. Lawson repeated in full. 1874^ J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Plumpton Saltmarsh* 1885- Baker's Flora, 106. Lawson, Alton, Wilson, and Miss Hodg- son repeated. About the mouth of Cark Beck, plentiful. J. G» Baker. 1888. Westm. Note-book, 82. Lawson repeated. Note. All these are shore- or salt-marsh stations. Apium nodiflorum Reichb. C.F.R., 1632. Sium nodiflorum L. 1861. Phytologist, 237. Roadside ditches between Humphrey Head and Cartmel. C. J. Ashfieid. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. As Helosciadium. Not infrequent in brooks. 1885* Baker's Flora, 106-7. Swarthmoor ; Newby Bridge ; Cartmel. Apium inundatum Reichb. Sium L. C.F.R., 1641. 1796. Withering, ed. hi., 300-301. Esthwaite Lake; Rusland Moss. Jackson, 1 and repeated iSoi. Ed. iv\, 296. 1812. Ed. v., 377. 1818. Ed. vL, 400. 1830. Ed. vii., 381. 1885. Bakers Flora, 107. As Helosciadium. Jackson repeated. Carum Petroselinum Benth. 1893. ' Naturalist/ 355. Waste ground at Barrow, 1888 ; shore near Barrow, 1888 ; shore-bank, Grange, 1893. All outcast aliens. L. Petty. Sium erectum Huds. C.F.R., 1633. S. angustifolinm L. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. 'Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 108. Furness. ^Eg-opodium 1874. J. c C.F.R., 1597. In an orchard at Dendron ; roadside, Far Lodge Gates, Conishead Priory. 188S Baker's Flora, 107, Coniston. Note. Ray Syn., ed. ii., 1696, 104, says of it truly enough, • nee facile exterpari potest' Perhaps he had it in hi garden at Black Notlev, and had tried to get rid of it J He took up his residence there in 1679. ***v 1 Rev. Edward Jackson. In answer to a query ante, Mr. E. T. Baldwin writes that a portion of this gentleman's herbarium was formerly in the possession of the late Mr. W. Atkinson, of Dalton-in-Furness, and now incorporated with the collection of the late Mr. Cowherd. Mr. Jackson was Incumbent of Rusland 1756-1761 ; so far my correspondent. From 1 762-1789, a man of the same name was Incumbent of Cotton, possibly the same individual. See Rural Deanery of Cartmel. 1800. nn. 02 and 1 18. April 1896. io8 petty: constituents of north Lancashire flora. Pimpinella Saxifraga L. C.F.R., 1568 1861. Phytologist, 260. Humphrey Head. Dr. Windsor. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. * Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Hampsfell ; shore at Roosebeck and Bardsea. Conopodium denudatum Koch. C.F.R., 1548- Linton, Lake Country, 323. As Bnnium flexuosum. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Myrrhis odorata Scop. Scandex L. C.F.R , 1777- [1778. Hudson, Fl. Angl., ed. ii., 124. In comit. Westm. Cumb. <^t Lanes, frequens. 1800. Smith, FL Brit, I., 323-4. It is frequent, as Hudson remarks, in Westm., Cumb., and Lanes. 1828. Smith, Eng. FL, ed. ii., vol. 2, 50. As before. 1835. Watson, New B. G., II. , 301. * Frequent, Eng. FL'] 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. About Coniston Lake and rivers ; not common. 1869. Aspland's Guide, Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Frequent near old halls and farmhouses in Furness. 1885. Baker's Flora, 112. Miss Hodgson repeated. By the higher road between Grange and Lindale ; road-side near Wray Castle, J. G. Baker. Chaerophyllum temulum L. C.F.R., 1633. 1874* J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. [Anthriscus vulgaris Pers. C.F.R., 1632. Included by Linton, Lake Country, 1864, without county or locality ; and Mr. Baker, who gives only Cumberland stations, says it is 'rare.'] Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. C.F.R., 154 s - 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. No locality. Although there are no printed records that I can find as definitely in N. Lanes., I know it is by no means rare, so Linton gets the benefit of the doubt. Erratum. — I have just been reading these papers through, and I find a statement on p. 58, 1S95, f° r *'Mch I can give no excuse. It is there stated that W. Dickinson, the Cumberland botanist, wrote the Windermere list in Martineau's Guide, ed. of 1861. TkatXvsX was written by Mr. Clowes, of Windermere, and the Cumbrian plants by Dickinson. How the mistake slipped me in the proof I do not know, but the real facts were quite well known to me. Therefore, will readers please place Mr. Clowes' name in place of Dickinson's — for instance, in list p. 58 (the foot-note is correct), Feb. 1895, an( * a< ld tne doctor's name under 1855, on p. 121, 1894? Xaturali-N IO(> THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. CHARLES OLDHAM, Rom Hey, Cheshire. The greater part of the county of Chester is an extensive and nearly level plain, which lies between the Mersey and the Dee. Near Audlem, on the south-eastern border, there is a small patch of the Lower Lias, but, with that exception, the whole plain rests upon the New Red Sandstone, which is frequently covered to a considerable depth by glacial clays, sands, and gravels. East of the great fault, which coincides roughly with a line drawn from Stockport through Congleton to a point on the Shropshire border near Alsa°;er, the ground rises abruptly, and attains an altitude of from 1,800 to 1,900 feet in several places. Except in the doughs and river valleys, this hill country is bare and treeless, the Permian Rocks of which it is composed being even less suited to the needs of land shells than is the Trias of the plain. Although a considerable proportion of the British terrestrial species have been recorded from Cheshire, the number of individuals inhabiting any one spot is far smaller than in chalk or limestone districts, and, as might be expected from the absence of these formations, Helix lapicida, Pupa secale, Caalieides acicula and Cyclostoma elegans have never been taken in the county. Such thick-shelled species as Helix aspersa, nemoralis } hortensis and arbustonim are comparatively rare; and the scarcity of Helix rufescens is remarkable. In places where the river valleys are well wooded, as at Marple and Romiley on the upper Mersey, and Ashley on the Bollin, some of the smaller Helices and various Hy Hyalinia shell on limestone, so far as my experience goes, is in many places abundant. In Wirral, the hammer-headed peninsula between the Dee and Mersey estuaries, H. muscorum are found on the coast, but H. virgata, if it occurs at all, is very rare. With the exception of Gtomalacus macuhsus and two species of Tes/ace/Ia, all the slugs have been taken in Cheshire; though the distribution of several of the species is little known, and the neglect of these interesting creatures by local mycologists is greatly to be deplored. If the land shells are comparatively scarce, the reverse obtains with the freshwater species. It is true that the streams April 1896. IIO OLDHAM I LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. country are too swift to suit the habits of any species but Ancylus Jluviatilis and the ubiquitous Limncza peregra, and that after reaching the plain, apart from their frequently polluted condition, they flow over stony beds and lack the aquatic vegetation which characterises more sluggish streams. Those canals, however, which are still unpolluted, contain several interesting species ; and the many meres, which are such a pleasing feature in the Cheshire landscape, afford a home for others. In addition to the meres and larger pools, the whole plain is studded with small ponds, or 'pits' as they are called locally, whence in former days the farmers obtained marl for manuring their fields. Many of these pits are now choked with vegetation and are well stocked with Umnma and Planorbis, whilst in their muddy bottoms various species of Anodonta, Spharium and Pisidium flourish and abound. There are none of these marl-pits in the hill country, where freshwater shells are as scarce as those inhabiting the land. Unio margaritijer is found in the upper reaches of the Dee, beyond the county border, but, so far as I know, it has never been taken in Cheshire waters. U. pictorum and U. turn id us are very local, and are absent from many of the meres and larger pools, where one would expect to find them associated with the two species of Anodonta which abound in such habitats. The freshwater Gastropods are well represented ; Amphipeplea glutinosa and Neritina jluviatilis being the only noteworthy absentees. Several of the canals and streams are apparently well suited for the requirements of the latter species, and its absence is curious. Lnnncea involuta, a doubtful species, which is confined to one Irish station, together with Planorbis dilatatits and Paludestrina jenkinsi are the only other members of the class which do not occur; and it is not improbable that the two last will before long find their way into some of the Cheshire canals. Our subject can already boast of a considerable literature, which consists mainly of lists of species which have been taken in various restricted localities. I believe, however, that no attempt has hitherto been made to focus this knowledge into an account of the fauna of the county as a whole. L The following are the principal lists which have come under my notice : David Dyson. — 4 Land and Freshwater Shells of the District around Manchester.' 1850. Isaac Bverlev. — Fauna of Liverpool [Proc. Liverpool Lit and Phil. Soc, 1853-1S54, Appendix". Naturalist, OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. Ill H. J. Bellars.— ' Illustrated Catalogue of British Land and Freshwater Shells.' 1858. John Hardy. — ' British Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusca, with the localities of the Manchester species.' [Manchester Scientific Students' Association Report, 1864, Appendix]. John Hardy. — Appendix to above. 1865. J. Cosmo Melvill. — Mollusca [British Association Handbook to Manchester]. 1887. J. G. Milne and C. Oldham. — 'The Molluscan Fauna of the Bowdon District of Cheshire.' [Journal of Conchology, vol. vii. 1892-1894.] In the Proceedings of the Chester Society of Natural Science [No. iii, 1885] is a list of the Land and Freshwater Shells of the Society's district, by G. W. Shrubsole. The compiler speaks of H. rufescens and II fulva as doubtful British species, and records C. biplicata and B. montanus from localities in North Wales 1 statements which render the list too unreliable for serious considera- m ^ tion. The Rev. H, H. Higgins' account of the Liverpool Land and Freshwater Mollusca (Proc. Liverpool Nat. Field Club, 1890) is little more than a reprint of Byerley's list. Apart from the detailed information contained in the lists, there are many scattered records of Cheshire mollusca in * The Journal of Conchology/ 'The Naturalist/ 'The Naturalists' Scrap-book' (Liverpool, 1863-1864), Jeffreys' 'British Conchology,' and the * Proceedings ' of local scientific societies. I have examined the local mollusca in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, which include a collection made by Mr. A. J. Nixon, some- time schoolmaster at Manley. It remains to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. J. B. Tomlin for a list of the species found by him in the neighbourhood of Chester; to Mr. K. H. Jones for notes on a collection made at Disley; to Captain W. J. Fairer for a detailed account of the species collected by him in Wirral in 1890, and to Messrs. L. E, Adams, R. Cairns, E. Collier, J. G. Milne, T. Rogers, R. Standen, and H. Walmsley, whose invaluable assistance in the shape of notes and specimens will be duly indicated by their respective initials. My thanks are due in a special measure to Mr. W. Denison Roebuck for assistance in naming the varieties of the Slugs; to Mr. J. W. Taylor, who from time to time has placed me under many obliga- tions by determining some of the more critical forms in the shelled *BelIars was Hon. Secretary and Curator of the Chester Natural History Society, and his book deals largely with shells found in the vicinity of that city. April 1896. 112 OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. species, and to Mr. G. Sheriff Tye for help in naming the varieties of Unio and A no don ta. The nomenclature and arrangement I have adopted are, with a few slight modifications, those of the Conchological Society's List of 1892. GASTROPODA. Fam. ARIONIDAi. Arion ater (L.). Universally distributed and plentiful. I have found this slug crawling on ling at an altitude of over 1,700 ft., on the hills near Macclesfield, and in Longdendale. Arion ater v. brunnea Rbk. Not uncommon. Birkenhead (W.J.F.). Disley (K.H.J.). Sale, Northenden, Ringway, Rostherne (Milne and Oldham). Higher Peover, Marple, Romiley, Strines, Whaley Bridge. Arion ater v. plumbea Rbk. Marple, Romiley, Whaley Bridge. Arion ater v. succinea (Miill). One specimen, Ringway (Milne and Oldham). Arion ater v. pallescens Moq. Plentiful in the neighbourhood of Marple, Romiley and Woodley. Arion subfuscus Drap. Not uncommon. Heatley (L.E.A.). Marston near Northwich (J.G.M.). Bowdon, Sale, Northenden, Ringway (Milne and Oldham). Marple, Romiley, Compstall. Arion intermedins Norm. = A. minimus Sim roth. Generally distributed and common. Ringway, Rostherne, Northenden, Baguley (Milne and Oldham). Heswall, Kingsley near Frods- ham ; Bickley near Malpas ; Sale, Ashley, Strines, Pickmere, Marple, Romiley, Whaley Bridge. Arion hortensis Fer. Common and universally distributed. Arion hortensis v. stlbfusca C. Pfr. Bollington near Bowdon : Sale (Milne and Oldham). Arion circumscriptus Johnst. Probably generally distributed Bowdon, Sale, Northenden, Rostherne (Milne and Oldham). Chester (J.B.T.). Marston near Northsvich (J.G.M.). Marple, Romiley, Strines, Frodsham, Chelford, Marbury, Bollington near Macclesfield. Arion circumscriptus v. subfusca Rbk. One in a lane at Carrington (Milne and Oldham). Fam. LIMACID.K. Amalia gagates (Drap.). The rare type form twice — once at Bowdon and once at Sale (Milne and Oldham . >in.tunili>t» OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. IIJ Amalia gagates v. plumbea Moq. Disley (K.H.J.). Plentiful in nursery-gardens at Sale. Amalia gagates v. rava Wlms. One specimen, Ashton-on- Mersey (Milne and Oldham). Plentiful in nursery-gardens at Sale. Amalia sowerbyi (Fer.). Chester (Bellars). Near Jackson's Boat [Sale], on the Cheshire side of the river (Hardy). Gardens at Sale (Milne and Oldham). Manley (Nixon Coll.). Limax maximus L. This variable slug is widely distributed and common in woods and gardens, and upon old walls. Specimens from Sale are referred by Mr. Roebuck to th*. true type of the species = v. vulgaris of Moquin-Tandon. Limax maximus v. cinerea Moq. Two specimens from Bowdon (Milne and Oldham). Limax maximus v. fasciata Moq. Bowdon, Baguley (Milne and Oldham). Sale, Marple, Romiley. Limax maximus v. cellaria D'Arg. Bowdon, Wythenshawe near Northenden (Milne and Oldham). Sale, Romiley. Limax maximus V. miilleri Moq. Several specimens in a nursery-garden at Sale. Limax cinereo-niger Wolf. During the summer of 1895 I took about a dozen examples of this slug in woods at Romiley, Compstall, and Marple. Limax cinereo-niger v. luctuosa Moq. In the same localities as the type, and in about equal numbers. Limax flavus L. Not common. Chester (Bellars). Nursery- garden at Sale (Milne and Oldham). Birkenhead (W.J.F.). Manley (Nixon Coll.). Limax marginatus (MiiU.). Local, and not as a rule plentiful. Numerous at Upton in 1852, upon beech trees (Byerley). Near Congleton (T. D. A. Cockerel!, 'Naturalist,' 1886, p. 58). Mere Park and Bowdon (Milne and Oldham). Marple, Romiley. Limax marginatus v. nemorosa Baud. Three examples under the bark of a beech at Capesthorne. Limax marginatus v. bettonii SordellL Two on a tree-trunk in the Govt Valley near Errwood Hall ; one, Romiley. Limax marginatus v. fulva Norm. Two in the Goyt Valley with the last. Agriolimax agrestis L. This destructive species abounds every when April 1890 H 114 OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. Agriolimax agrestis v. sylvatica Moq. Sale, Northenden, Chelford, Marple, Romiley, Bowdon, Bickley near Malpas. Agriolimax agrestis v. albida Pic During the summer of 1895 I found three specimens of this variety ; one at Romiley, in coitu with a typical specimen ; one at Compstall, and one at Strines. Agriolimax agrestis v. tristis Moq. Bowdon, Sale, Northenden (Milne and Oldham). Agriolimax laevis Mull. Not uncommon in damp woods, ditches, and on the borders of the meres. Ashley Hall, Butts Clough near Bowdon (Milne and Oldham). Whaley Bridge, Brooklands, Northenden, Strines, Romiley, Marple, Poynton, Northen Etchells, Knutsford, Lymm dam, Pickmere Mere, Bar Mere, Marbury Mere, Capesthorne, Bollington near Macclesfield. Fam. TESTA CELLID.E. Testacella SCUtulum Sby. Hoole and Upton near Chester (J. W. Taylor, 'J. of C./ vol. v., p. 345). Nursery gardens at Sale (Milne and Oldham fide T. Rogers). Fam. VITRINIDsE. Vitrina pellucida (Mull.). Generally distributed. Most plentiful in damp woods. Fam. ZONITIDsE. Generally distributed and plentiful. (Moq.). Disley (K.H.J.). Liverp Hyalinia cellaria (Mull). Hyalinia cellaria v. albina Road, Chester (J.B.T.). Hyalinia alliaria (Miller). Generally distributed and plentiful. Hyalinia alliaria v. viridula (Jeff.). Bowdon, Ringway, Ashley I Hi Hall, Lymm (Milne and Oldham). Disley (K.H.J.). ilinia glabra (Stiider). Very local This species was dis- covered by Mr. Thomas Rogers at Marple Wood, in 1S69. The late Dr. Jeffreys, to whom specimens were sent, believed it to be an addition to the British fauna, and described it as such in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History y for May 1870. The shell had, however, been previously noticed by J. of C./ vol. iv., p. 81). Mr. K. H. J ('/J it at Disley, and it is plentiful in woods at Romiley and Woodley, but has not been found in any other Cheshire locality. Hyalini I Naturalist, OLDHAM : LAND xVND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. II5 Hyalinia nitidula (Drap.). Generally distributed, but not so plentiful as H. cellaria and H. alliaria. Hyalinia radiatula (Alder). Moston near Chester (Bellars). Near Congleton (T. D. A. Cockerell, 'Naturalist,' 1886, pp. 57-58). Ashley Hall, Butt's Clough near Bowdon ; Hale, Bollington near Bowdon ; Baguley (Milne and Oldham). Eastham, Wood- church (W.J.F.). Upton near Chester (J.B.T.). Rostherne, Marple, Oakmere, Pickmere. Hyalinia pura (Alder). Generally distributed and not uncommon. Hyalina pura v. nitidosa (Fer.). As widely distributed as the type, with which it is generally associated. Hyalinia crystallina (Mull.). Widely distributed and plentiful. Hyalinia fulva (Miill.). Widely distributed, but does not, as a rule, occur in great numbers. Hyalinia nitida (Miill.). Rather local; usually found in very damp situations. Oxton (Byerley). Between Woodchurch and Noctorum (Byerley fide Webster). Between Warrington and Knutsford (T. D. A. Cockerell, « Naturalist,' 1886, p. 56). Millington, Sinderland, Gatley (Milne and Oldham). Chester (J.B.T.). Canal bank, between Romiley and Woodley (R.C.). Marston near Northwich, Pickmere Mere, Marple. Hyalinia excavata (Bean), Not uncommon. Bidston (Byerley fide Webster). Ashley, Hale, Rostherne, Dunham, Sale, Sinder- land, Wythenshawe, Northenden (Milne and Oldham). Heatley (L.E.A.). Delamere Forest (Nixon Coll.). Eastham (W.J.F. and E.G.)- Disley (K.H.J.). Ringway, Romiley, Marple. Hyalinia excavata v. vitrina (Fer.). Not usually associated with the type, although at Marple, where the variety is plentiful, a few typical specimens may generally be collected on the same ground. Butt's Clough near Bowdon ; Rostherne (Milne and Oldham). Delamere Forest (Nixon Coll.). Eastham (W.J.F. and E.C.). Disley (K.H.J.). Marston near Northwich. Whaley Bridge. Fam. HELIC1D.K. Helix rotundata Miill. Universally distributed and common. Helix rotundata v. alba Moq. Single specimens found occa- sionally with the type. Between Upton and Saughail-Massie (Byerley fide Webster). Near Congleton (T. D. A. Cockerell, 'Naturalist,' 1886, p. 58). A specimen labelled 'Cheshire' in the Mc An drew collection at Cambridge (A. H. Cooke, 'J. of C vol. iii, p. Marple, Peckforton. (J April 1896. Il6 OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. Helix pygmaea Drap. Local but generally plentiful where it occurs. Ashley Hall, and in the Bollin Valley at Butt's Clough and Castle Mill (Milne and Oldham). Knutsford (T.R.). Leasowe (WJ.F.). Compstall, Wythenshawe near Northenden. Helix aculeata Mull. In woods, generally plentiful where it occurs. Hooton (F. P. Marrat, ' Naturalist's Scrap-book/ p. 37). Ashley Hall, Butts Clough near Bowdon (Milne and Oldham). Romiley, Compstall, Marple, Wythenshawe near Northenden, Helix pulchella Mull. This species is fairly plentiful on the coast in Wirral (cf. Byerley, and F. P. Marrat, ' Naturalist's Scrap-book/ p. 37), but is rare elsewhere. Hale Moss, Bollington near Bowdon (Milne and Oldham). Lower Peover. Helix pulchella v. costata Mull. Belters' figure and descrip- tion of H. pulchella apply to this form. He records it from Delamere Forest, Upton, and Liverpool Road, Chester. Byerley gives as localities — Saughall-Massie, Hilbre, and Hovlake. Helix aspersa Miill. North-east of a line drawn from Runcorn through Northwich to Congleton this species is rare. Dyson and Hardy record it from gardens at Bowdon and Dunham Massey, where it is still to be found. Mr. E. Collier informs me that in 1876 and 1877 it was abundant in a garden at Marple, where it had probably been introduced. Professor T. D. A- Cockerell found one specimen between Knutsford and Chelford (* Naturalist/ 1886, p. 57). Throughout Wirral, and in tht remaining part of the county it is fairly plentiful. Helix aspersa v. flammea Picard. Mouldsworth (Nixon Coll.). Helix nemoralis L. Dyson, writing in 1850, described this species as plentiful in the part of Cheshire adjoining Man- chester. Various causes, including, perhaps, the poisoning ot the herbage by smoky rain, and the persistent persecution by gamekeepers of birds of prey, which has resulted in an enormous increase in the numbers of Blackbirds and Thrushes r have, however, almost exterminated it in the north of the county, and it is now an unusual occurrence to find even a single specimen. In Wirral it is plentiful, especially on the coast sandhills, where most of the specimens are of the typical yellow colour with more or less coalescent bands. Throughout the remainder of the county it is found in varying degrees of plenty, but is nowhere as common as in the limestone districts of Derbyshire. Natural** OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. 117 Helix nemoralis v. rubella Moq. The forms ooooo and 00300 are not uncommon. One, 00345, Bickley near Malpas. Helix nemoralis v. libellula (Risso). The forms ooooo and 00300 are about as plentiful as the corresponding forms of the var. rubella. Bellars figures 00045 from Chester. Helix Specimens with the band- formula ooooo, Mouldsworth (Nixon Coll.). Helix nemoralis v. petiveria Moq. One specimen, 12345, between Chelford and Congleton (T. D. A. Cockerell, i Naturalist/ 1886, p. 57). Helix hortensis Mull. Very local. Higher Tranmere (Byerley fide Warrington). Chester (Bellars). Mouldsworth, Romiley, Woodley, Whaley Bridge. Helix There are specimens with the five bands coalesced from Ashton Heys, near Mouldsworth, in the Nixon Collection. Helix hortensis v. lutea Moq. Yellow shells without bands seem to be almost as plentiful as the type. Chester (Bellars). Mouldsworth (Nixon Coll.). Romiley, Whaley Bridge. Helix hortensis v. incarnata Moq. Bellars figures a specimen with the band-formula ooooo from Chester. Helix arbustorum L. This species, like H. nemoralis, must have decreased of recent years in the neighbourhood of Manchester ( Bidston Hill (Byerley fide Brockholes and Warrington). Manley (Nixon Coll.). Lostock Gralam, Mobberley, Kelsall, Lyme Park. Pisidium henslowanum (Shepp.). Not uncommon in canals and ponds. Pond between Upton and Saughall-Massie (Byerley fide W. Webster). Hale Moss (Hardy). Mere, Brooklands, Heyhead near Ringway ; Baguley (Milne and Oldham). Hand- forth, Poynton, Marple Park, Over Tabley, Ellesmere Canal at Bickley, Peak Forest Canal from Woodley to New Mills. Pisidium pulchellum Jemyns. Brownlow Green near Northenden (Milne and Oldham). Curzon Park, Chester (Chester Museum Coll.). Moreton (W.J.F.). Marston near Northwich ; Knuts- ford, Cutting between Pickmere and Budworth Meres. Pisidium pusillum (Gmelin). Abounds everywhere. Varies greatly in size, form and colour. Pisidium pusillum v. obtusalis (Lam.). Ditch, Baguley; Oak- mere, Cutting between Pickmere and Budworth Meres. Pisidium nitidum Jenyns. In swampy places near Baguley Hall (Milne and Oldham). The hot summer of 1893 dried up these swampy places, and I have been unable to find specimens since then. Elsewhere I have only seen this species from Upton near Chester, whence Mr. J. B. Tomlin has kindly sent me specimens. Pisidium milium Held. The older collectors seem to have over- looked this well-marked species, which is widely distributed and not uncommon. Baguley, Sale, Northen Etchells, Ashley, Mere (Milne and Oldham).' Oxton (W.J.F.). Poynton, Adling- ton, bet Mould near Malpas ; Bredbury, Romiley, Marple Park, Kelsall. Faro. MYTILID.E. Dreissensia poiymorpha (Pail.). Both Bellars and Byerley record this species from the Ellesmere Canal; Mr. Tomlin states that it swarms in this canal at Chester, 'especially under April 1896. 128 OLDHAM : LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CHESHIRE. bridges.' In 1863, Mr. Leo H. Grin don reported that it was extremely abundant in the lodges of some print-works at Handforth. In October 1887, I could only find dead shells at Handforth, where thousands had existed formerly, and caused great inconvenience by lining the inside of the water- pipes. I have taken specimens in the Grand Trunk Canal at Lostock Gralam, and the Peak Forest Canal at Marple. TABLE OF GENERA SHOWING RELATION OF CHESHIRE SPECIES TO THOSE OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. GENUS. » • ff Gastropoda — Arion Geomalacus Amalia ,.. Limax Agriolimax Testacelia Vitrina Hyalinia Helix Buliminus Pupa Vertigo ... Bale* Clausilia Azeca Cochlicopa C&rilioides Succinea Carychium Segmentina Planorbis Bullinus ... Physa Arophipeplea Limnoea Ancylus Velletia ... Cyclostoma Acicula Neritina Viviparus Bythinia ... Valvata • * • * • • • • * • * - • • * • • • * * • • • . . . • • « • • * • * - * * • • • * » • Pelecypoda — Unto Anodonta Sphxrium Pisidium DreisserLsia * * . .. - * • • • • • ► • • * • * • • - • - • ♦ - * • • • • • * • » * • • • » • • p 9 • • • • • • • • • » • ■ • • • ■ * * • * • * * * • Total Number of Species - I' Cheshire Species. 5 o 2 4 2 1 1 10 16 1 3 5 1 2 1 1 o 2 J 1 10 1 X o 6 1 1 o I o 2 2 2 2 2 4 7 1 102 British Spfcies. 5 1 2 4 2 3 1 11 2 4 9 1 4 2 2 2 3 2 4 7 1 111 #r Naturalist, 129 ORTHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT OF NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE. KXTRACTED PROM THE REGISTERS KEPT BY JAMES EARDLEY MASON, Laze President of the Alford Xaturalists* Society. [By the kindness of the officers of the Lincolnshire Naturalists, Union, into whose possession the Register-books of the Alford Naturalists' Society have now passed, we are able to give records of such insects of the orders Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera as have been ascertained to occur in the district. Mr. Mason was so careful to include no records which had not been submitted to com- petent authorities, that we can print these extracts from his registers with perfect confidence in their reliability. Each record bears two sets of initials ; the first — separated by a semi-colon — is that of the collector; the second— enclosed within parenthesis — is that of the ' detenu inator ? or authenticator. The initials here used are as follows : F.A. F. Altoft. H.W.K. H. Wallis Kew. R.McL. Robert McLachlan. J.E.M. James Eardiey Masoi G.T.P. George T. Porritt. E.S. Eland Shaw. E.W. Edward Woodthorpe. The number of species we are able to record here for North Lincolnshire is as follows: — Orthoptera, 10; Neuroptera, 20: Trichoptera, 9]. ORTHOPTERA. FORFICULIDsE. minor igust 1888; J.KM. (G.T.P. ). One at the Chauntry, April 22nd, 1889; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Forficula auricularia L. Earwig. Local name, ^ Battle-twig.' BLATTID.E. Periplanetaorientalis(L.). Cockroach. Alford, at The Sycamores. Bilsby, abundant at the Vicarage, January 1889. ACRIDID.K. Stenobothrus viridulus (L.). Mumby Chapel, sandhills, two, August 1887 : J.E.M. (G.T.P.). May 1806. I 130 ORTHOPTERA, ETC, OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT. Stenobothrus elegans Charp. Mumby Chapel, sandhills, one, August 1887 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Well Vale, one, August i6tb. 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Mablethorpe ; H.W.K. (E.S.). Stenobothrus parallelus Ztt. WeB Vale, two, August 16th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Stenobothrus bicolor Charp. Mumby Chapel, sandhills, one, August 1887 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Mablethorpe, sandhills, one, August 1 8th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Well Vale, one, August 16th, 18SS; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Pachytylus migratorius (L.). Withern, one, female, October 1886; H.W.K. (E.S.— see Nat., 1886, p. 348). Tetrix bipunctatus (L.). Mumby Chapel, sandhills, one, August 1887; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Greenfield Wood, one, March 22nd, 1890 ; Edwd. Woodthorpe (E.S.). Platycleis brevipennis Charp. = roeselii Hag. Trusthorpt, August 1888; H.W.K. (E.S.). PSEUDO-NEUROPTERA. PSOCIDA-l. Elipsocus unipunctatus (Mull.). Alford, burial ground, on elm ; The Sycamores, abundant on sycamore, June 29th, 1889; J.E.M. (R.McL.). I'ERUDA:. Nemoura variegata Ol. Aby-with-Greenfield parish, one in Greenfield Wood, June 6th, 1887 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.) Well, one, May 21st, and three, June 25th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Nemoura cinerea 01. Well, two, June 25th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). ODONATA. UBEI.LUUDAL. Sympetrum striolatum (Charp.). Muckton Wood, one, August 3rd, 1886: J.E.M. (G.T.P.). .ESHNIl.hE. yEshna juncea (L.). Alford, one in Joseph Stephenson's shop, July 20th, 1886 : J.E.M. (G.T.P.). AGRIOXID/E. Ischnura elegans (Lind.). Mumby Chapel, Chapel Sea Bank Point, one, Julv 26th, 1886, and another July 31st, 1888; J.E.M- (G.T.P.)! « -.* ♦^■■^^» N r atur.i!i NEUROPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT. 131 XKUROPTERA-PLANIPENNIA. SIALID.K. Sialis lutaria (I-.). Well, one, May 21st, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Farlesthorpe, one, May 25th, 1887 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). HEMEROBIID.K. Micromus paganus (L.). Alford, one, Tune 20th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). J micans 01. Well, one, June 3rd, and J Hemerobius humuli I (G.T.P.). Hemerobius subnebul J. E.M. (G.T. P.). Hemerobius nervosus J.E.M. (G.T. P.). lune 25th, 1888: | 1886; CHRYSOPIDsL. Chrysopa alba (I*). Greenfield Wood, one, June 8th, 1887; J.E.M. (G.T. P.). Chrysopa flavifrons Brau. Greenfield, July 3rd, 1889 : F.A. (G.T.P.). Chrysopa septempunctata Wesm. Alford, one, August 8th, and two, June 22nd, 1888: J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Greenfield, July 3rd, 1889; F.A. Chrysopa J Nothochrysa fulviceps (Steph.). Aythorpe, June 26th, 1889 ; F.A. (I found this specimen, a very fine one, when looking over Mr. Mason's Lincolnshire captures — placed for the time in the hands of Mr. S. L. Mosley of Huddersfield— at the beginning of the present year. No specimen had been recorded in Britain for many years, and Mr. McLachlan had almost regarded it as extinct in this country. Mr. McLachlan, when staying with me in June last, also examined tl 1895, p. 101. G. T. Porritt.) See E.M.M., April Nothoch J T.E.M. (G.T.P. and R. McL. Recorded EMM.. April 1895, p. 10 1). PAXORPID.l:. Panorpa communis L. ( '.reenfield, July 3rd, 1889 ; F.A. (G.T. P.), Panorpa germanica L. Well, one, June 25th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T. P.). Greenfield, July 3rd, 1889 ; F.A. (G. 'WW). N *-y 1896. 132 NOTES — ORNITHOLOGY. TRICHOPTERA. L IMNEPHIL ID.E. Colpotaulius incisus (Curt.). Bilsby, one, May 25th. 18S8 : J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Grammotaulius atomarius (Fab.). Alford, The Sycamores, 1886 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Sutton-le-Marsh, one, June 1st, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Ol.). Well, one, June 16th, 1888: J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Limnephilus rhombicus (L.). Alford, one, August 2nd, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Limnephilus lunatus Curt. Alford, one, October 9th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Limnephilus vittatus (Fab.). Authorpe, one, July 7th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Haugh, one, June 3rd, 1889 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Limnephilus sparsus Curt. Alford, one, June 20th, 1888: J.E.M. (G.T.P.). Stenophylax lateralis (St.). Greenfield, July 3rd, 1889; F.A. (G.T.P.). Chaetopteryx tuberculosa (Pitt.). Well, two, October 18th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.T.P.). NO TES— ORNITHOL OGY. Little Bustard in Holderness.— Mr. Darby has now in his possession a very fine specimen of Otis tetrax, a female in splendid condition ; shot by Mr. Binnington Holmes in the last week of December, 1895, m a turnip field at Barton Pidsea, Holderness.— B. B. Haworth-Bqoth, Hullbank Hall, nr. Hull, 17th March, 1896. Flamborough Notes— Arrival of Summer Visitants. — Early in March the Field Wagtail (Motacilla lugubris) made its appearance on the Headland, then again early in April the Wheatear (Saxicola ananthe). April 1 7th being a very wet and stormy day, wind south-east with a strong mist or fog, brought over several birds, amongst which came the Turtle Dove ( Turtur turtur). I saw one all but exhausted, which nearly flew into my hands. Last week the Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) was both heard and seen on the Headland. Yesterday, 19^' and to-day, 20th, Swallows (Hirundo rttstica) have been arriving. — M. Bailed Flamborough, April 20th, 1896. ftMtfH NOTES AND NE WS. The Journal of Botany for April contains a memoir of Mr. Thomas Hughes Buffham, the well-known algologist. He was a Lincolnshire man. born at Long -atton, Dec. 24th, 1840, and died at Walthamstow, Feb. 9th, 1896. A new pecies of Copepod Crustacean is named after Mr. W. I. Beaumont by Messrs. T. and A. Scott, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for la- November, and described and tigured as Enterocola beaumonii. It was found at Valentia. Ireland. Xatun i33 ON THE HEPATICiE AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. GEORGE STABLER, /, evens, Mi In tho rpe . SECOND PAPER. (First Paper, see % The Naturalist; Oct. 1888, /. 320.) In connection with this, however, it is perhaps desirable that the history of Westmorland bryology and hepaticology should be reviewed as a whole. The earliest record of a moss of our district is one by Thomas Lawson, the father of Westmorland botany, who was Vicar of Rampside, and afterwards, in 1653, became the famous Quaker schoolmaster of Great Strickland, near Penrith* In a manuscript commenced in the year 1670 this 'skilful and diligent botanist,' as Ray calls him, notes the beautiful Hylocomium splendms from Swarthmoor, near Ulverston, not far from the border of West- morland. John j eulogises as 'the most accurate in observation, the most philosophical in contemplation, and the most faithful in description amongst all the botanists of our own or perhaps any other time. 7 It is to this botanist we owe, strictly, the first record of a West- morland moss. As has been previously noted, this was Polytrkhum commune, a giant among the acrocarpous mosses. Ray was a per- Law He made three journeys into the north of England — the first in 166 r, 1668, and he was last in Cumberland and West- he was 62 years of age, in 1690. Since writing the the second in paper Westmorland of Mr. Massee, of the Royal Herbarium, Kew, that the moss is recorded in the first edition of Ray's Synopsis (1690). From this date there is a wide gap of 72 years (1690-1762) before we meet with the next announcement of a moss. It was during this period that the transition from the old style of nomenclature to that of the Linnsean or binomial took place, and it is almost entirely within these two dates that Dilleniu lived (1685-1747). In 1741 Dillenius published his ' Historia Muscorum/ a work far in advance of anything hitherto attempted, yet in it I do not find mention of a single moss from the English Lake District. May 1896. i34 stabler: hepatic,*: and musci of Westmorland. The next additions to our moss flora were made by Wm. Hudson ( 1 730-1 793), who was born in the White Lion Inn, Kendal, and educated at the Grammar School of that town. As an apothecary's apprentice in London he took the Apothecaries' Hall prize, which was Ray's Synopsis, I remarked previously in this paper that I suspected that the four species mentioned by Robson were taken from the first edition (1762) of Hudson's Flora Anglica. I have since ascertained that this is the case. Another enthusiastic botanist, and native of Kendal, John Wilson, attained celebrity by his Synopsis of British Plants (1744). It is said that he left in manuscript a second volume of the Graminere and Cryptogamic plants. About ten years before Hudson's death and probably induced by that botanist's "'Flora,' Sir J. E. Smith visited Westmorland (1782) and confirmed some of Hudson's records, and also added Seligeria recurvata and Hylocomium loreum to those already known. The next year he returned, when 24 years of age, and found Cinclidotus fontinaloides, Anomoiion viticulosus, and Neckera crispa at Kirkby Lonsdale. Almost exactly contemporaneous with Sir J. E. Smith, lived John Gough of Kendal, the blind mathematician and botanist, who, in Withering's ''Arrangement'* {1796) is credited with finding Philonotis font ana. There is also a Kendal specimen of Fritlhnia Tamarisci from John Gough in John Dalton's herbarium. In the same year that Sir J. E. Smith collected mosses at Kirkby Lonsdale, the afterwards famous Dr. John Dalton became a school teacher at Kendal and by his acquaintance with John Gough greatly improved himself in mathematics, classics and botany. In Daltons herbarium, now in the Owens College Museum, Manchester, are Westmorland specimens of the two large foliaceous liverworts, Marchantia polymorpha and Conocephalus conicus. The title page of the collection runs as follows : — ' Horius siccus seu Plantarum diversarum in asjris Kendal vicinis sponte nascentiam specimtna opere et studio Johannis Dalton collecta et secundum classes et ordines disposita 1790.' It may thus be seen that up to the end of the century only about a dozen mosses and hepatics were recorded for the county. At the end of the first decade of the 19th century (September 18 10) Mr. W. Borrer of Henfield, Sussex, collected Wehera elongata on Helvellyn. Sir William J. Hooker in his * British Jungermannue* (i8l**i6) mentions five hepatics, gathered in Westmorland by Mr. Charter ■ Matt r ilis STABLER ; HEPATICE AND MUSC1 OF WESTMORLAND. 1 35 Lyell, a Scotchman, distinguished as a botanist and translator of J)ante, and the father of Sir Charles Lyell, the eminent geologist. Amongst Mr. Lyell's discoveries we find Nardia hyalina (Lyell) from Stock Ghyll, Ambleside, found when he was there in July 18 13. It is well to note that as Lyell is the authority for the species, the Stock Ghyll plant may be considered as the type. Bj the way, it may be mentioned that the same botanist found the very rare Lejeunea calyptrifolia intermixed with Lejeunea hamatifolia on wet rocks at Lowdore. About this time, one of our most beautiful mosses {Hypnum crista-castrensis) was found in Mardale by the Rev. James Dalton, rector of Croft, in Yorkshire. This is recorded in 'Muscologia Bntannica' 1818, which work was dedicated to him by Hooker, as was also the beautiful genus Dalionia, and adding at the same time that he was 'as much distinguished by his botanical as by his classical acquirements, a lover no less of science than of the fine arts.' John Just, of Natland, another Westmorland botan j in 1848, w r as appointed Professor of Botany to the Royal Manchester Institution, gave some attention to mosses, and in the herbarium of the Kendal Museum are found about a dozen specimens collected by him near Xatland. They will be mentioned in their proper place in this list. In July of the year 1838 we find that exact and thorough bryologist, Mr. William Wilson, of Warrington, collecting Hypnum incurvaium near Kendal, and Ulota crispula near Ambleside. Among other eminent botanists who have taken part in botanising our county must be included my highly-esteemed friend the late Dr. Richard Spruce, who whilst exploring the botany of Feesdale in 1843, J ust touched the eastern side of Westmorland at Caldron Snout and Maize Beck, and added eleven species to those already known. In 1845, Mr. Joseph Sidebotham, of Manchester, gave in the 1 Phytologist ? a list of mosses he had found, fifteen of which were additions, ami Mr. Borrer in the same year added seven specie which were published in the 'Phytologist the following year, Mnium ubglobosum being one of them. Scapania undulata was found on Meldon Fell in 185 i y b; Mr. John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S., of the Royal Herbarium, Kew. The introduction to this list has already attained greater length than I had intended; I must therefore condense what I still have to say as much as possible. It was my privilege to have the friendship of the late Dr. Thos. Gough, of Kendal, a student of many branches of natural history, May 1896. J ^6 STABLER: HEPATIC** AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. O and son of the before-mentioned John Gough. His herbarium, as well as that of his father, have been at my service for the purpose of reference. From this source it appears that Longsleddale and the district immediately around Kendal were Dr. Gough's chief hunting-grounds. His specimens are mostly without dates, as are those of the late Dr. Frederick Clowes, of Bowness, who kindly presented to me his mosses and some of his botanical corre- spondence. This latter gentleman collected mosses in 1854 and 1855 chiefly near Windermere and the adjoining hills to the north and east. Dr. Gough's mosses were gathered between 1848 and 1855. About 1867 the late Mr. G. E. Hunt, of Manchester, an ardent, devoted, and promising bryologist, a veritable Nimrod among British Mosses, visited the English Lake District. Amongst the resident bryologists must be included Mr. John Atkinson, of Bowness, now dead. He collected during several years, and was at work in the early 'sixties/ but I know little about his plants. This list, so far as the Musci are concerned, owes not a little ot its comprehensiveness to the labours of my dear friend and neighbour, the late Mr. J. M. Barnes. He and my friend, Mr. J. A. Martindale, of Staveley, were for several years my most frequent companions in botanical rambles. By the use of Mr. Barnes collections I have been enabled to incorporate much of his work into this list. He was the first to find Sphagnum Austinii in England, and his discovery of Amblystegium co?ifervoides at Barrow Field was the second known habitat in Britain. But more than this, he was the discoverer of Bryam Barnesii\ a species new to science. I have still another important worker to include, in the person of the Rev. C. H. Binstead, a quondam resident, but now of Eardisley, Herefordshire. Whilst working at our mosses generalh he devoted his attention more particularly to some of the more difficult genera, especially to that of Grimmia f and his great per- severance, combined with keenness of perception, has produced good results. Many others, mostly non-resident, have taken part in the work, not least among them being the amiable and acute working-man Lancashire and Yorkshire botanist, John Nowell, of Todmorden, the first to discover Habrodon Notarisii in this country, beside Rydal Lake, where it may still be found. I must be content to mention the names of several others, merely giving as far as I am able the dates of their visits, viz. :— Dr. J. B. Wood, Broughton, Manchester (1868); George E. Davies, Brighton (1871); Dr. R. Braithwaite, London; Henry Boswell, M.A., Oxford (1870-73-76); J. Cash, Natural^ STABLER: HEFATIC/E AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 137 Manchester (1878); M. B. Slater, F.L.S., Malton (1853, 1878); Wm. West, sen., Bradford (1881) ; Rev. A. Ley (1880) ; Rev. C H. Waddell, Saintfield, co. Down (1884-1887); Dr. & Carrington, Eccles (1884); Wm. H. Pearson, Manchester (1884); W. Mitten and Bishop Hannington (1885); W. B. Waterfall, Bristol (1886 and 1887); E. M. Holmes, F.L.S., Sevenoaks, Kent (1891); E. Marquand, Guernsey (1885); Rev. H. G. Jameson, Eastbourne (1889); H. N. Dixon, Northampton (1891). The only foreigner, that I know of to be included here, is Herr Peter Dreesen, of An vers, Belgium, who found Fissidens rufulus in the River Lune at Rigmaden Park (1873). The writer here takes the opportunity of acknowledging the assistance of many of his correspondents, both British and Foreign, foremost among whom was the late Dr. Spruce, who was ever ready when health permitted, to discuss difficulties, to offer suggestions, and to give advice. To the late Professor S. O. Lindberg, of Helsingfors, in years gone by, I owe much, and Herr Warnstorf, of Neu Ruppin, Berlin, has my best thanks for his valuable assistance in the determination of many of the varieties and forms of the species of Sphagnum, on which genus he is so great an authority. In this paper will be found, placed in brackets, a few species which have not yet been recognised within the limits of the county, but have, been found a short distance from the boundary, and several of them will eventually, I think, be found in the near future within the county. For the sake of brevity, the surnames only of persons are as a rule used. For most of the commoner species a few representative habitats have been selected. The writer responsible for the habitats which are given without the collector's name. This I am aware is but an imperfect attempt at a history of Westmorland bryology and hepaticology, and the same may be said of the following list of species. It would be presumption on my part to think that nearly ail the Westmorland species were yet discovered. Apart from others, this paper places on record to some extent. so far as the writer is concerned, the result of many pleasant rambles at all seasons of the year, and of many pleasant hours spent at the microscope. If the effort prove of interest and use to kindred pirits it has attained its object. In the acrocarpous mosses the classification of Dr. Braithwaites % British Moss Flora ' has been followed, and in the pleurocarps that of Schimper s * Synopsis,' Ed. II. The arrangement of the Hepatim is one sanctioned by Dr. Spruce. >*;vy SS96. IS 138 stabler: hepatic e and musci of Westmorland. Order MUSCI. MUSCI ACROCARPI. Sect. I.— SCHISTOCARPI. Fam. I. —ANDRE. EA CE. E. 1. Andreaea petrophila Ehrh., A. ritpestris Hedw. & Bry. Brit. Helvellyn (Sidebotham, 1845); Red Screes (Clowes) ; Long Stile, Mardale (1870); Swindale (Barnes, 1870); Wildboar Fell (1888); Red Tarn, Helvellyn (1886). Var. gracilis Schpr. Kentmere (Rev. C. H. Binstead, 1885). [Styehead Pass, Borrowdale (Hunt, 1871).] Var. sparsifolia (Zelt.) Lindb. Helvellyn (C. H. Waddell, 1883). 2. Andreaea alpina (Dill.)Sm. Helvellyn (Sidebotham, 1845); Easedale (Baker) ; Red Screes (Clowes) ; Swindale (Barnes) ; Kentmere (1S6S). Harter Fell (1869) ; Rainsborrow Crag. 3. Andreaea crassinervia Bruch. Grisedale (Baker). [Var. Huntii (Limpt. ). Buttennere and Borrowdale (Hunt. 1 871) ; Stye Head Pass and Sea Fell (Baker, 1879)]. 4- Andreaea Rothii Web. Mohr., A. rupestris Huds. Helvellyn (Sidebotham, 1845); Caldron Snout (Baker); Red Scret (Clowes) ; Nab Scar ( 1867); Kentmere (Barnes and Stabler) : Long Stile, Mardale (1870). Var. falcata (Schpr.) Lindb. A . falcata Sch. Synop. Grasmere (Boswell, 1870). [Styebarrow Crag and Sea Fell Pi** (Baker, 1867); Styehead Pass (Hunt)]. - Fam. GEORGIACE.E. 5. Georgia pellucida (L.) Rabenh. Tetraphis pdlucida (L. ) Brigsteer Wood (1868); Xaddle Forest, Mardale (Barne- and Stabler, c.fr., 1S69) : Kentmere Hall Plantation (Barn. - and Stabler, 1869); Scandale (1887). 0. Georgia Brownii (Dicks. ) C. Muell, Tetradontium Brmvnianutn (Dicks.)Schwaegr. Caldron Snout (Spruce, 1843); Dungeon Ghyll, Langdale (Binstead, 1893). [Trough Brook Gbyll. Clougha, near Lancaster (1881); Ennerdale (Waterfal!- 1886); Aspatria (Binstead, 1888).] Fam. PO/.YTRICHACE.E. 7. Catharinea undulata (L.) Web. Mohr., Atrukum unda- latum (L.). Windermere (Clowes); Heversham Head and Hill Bell (1S67) : Barrow Field ( Barnes and Stabler, 1868) Whitbarrow (1871); Naddle Forest (1871) : Rigmaden Park (1880). STABLER: HEPATICVE AND MUSC1 OF WESTMORLAND. I39 8. Oligotrichum incurvum (Huds.) Lindb., Oligotrkhum hercy- nicum I)e Cand. Blea Tarn (Clowes); Helvellyn (Rev. Dr. Cookson, 1862); Hill Bell (t868); Mardale (1869). [Sea Fell Pike (Barnes, 1880).] 9. Polytrichum subrotundum Huds., Pogonatum nanum P. Beauv. Brant Fell, Windermere (Barnes, 1868) ; Sizergh Fell (Barnes, 1870) ; Whitbarrow (1 87 1) ; Staveley (1872). 10. Polytrichum aloides Hedw., Pogonatnm abides P. Beauv. Bowness (Clowes); Staveley (1867) ; Gray rigg Fell (Barn and Stabler, 1868) ; Crosby Ravensworth (1869). 1 1. Polytrichum urnigerum L. ? Pogonatum umigerum P. Beauv. Bowness (Clowes): Rydal Mount (1867); Crook (Barnes 21. 1868). 1 2. Polytrichum alpinum L., Pogonatum alpinum Roth. Swindale (Barnes, 1867); Mardale (Barnes, 1868); Grayrigg Forest (1868); Hill Bell (1869); Wildboar Fell (188S). [Sea Fell (Gough).] 13. Polytrichum gracile Dicks. Ulpha Moss, Foulshaw (Barnes, 1868). 14. Polytrichum attenuatum Menz. Polytrichum forme sum Hedw. Swindale (1867); [Dent (Barnes, 1867)]. 15. Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. Kentmere (1868); Wither slack (Barnes, 1868) ; Staveley (1869) ; Wildboar Fell (1888). 16. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. Bowness (Clowes) ; Ulpha and Foulshaw (1868); Langdale (Barnes, 1871). 1 7. Polytrichum strictum Banks. Blea Water, Mardale (Barnes, 1869); Witherslack (Bos well and Stabler); male, Fairfield (W. West, 1882). i& Polytrichum commune L. ' Westmorlandicis ' (Ray, 1690) : Foulshaw Moss (Barnes and Stabler); Kentmere (1868): Naddle Forest, Mardale (1887). *am. FISSIDENTACE/K. 19. Fissidens exilis Hedw. Bowness (Atkinson); Yewbarrow. Witherslack (Barnes); Levens Park (Stabler, 18S1); Hay Fell, Kendal (Binstead, 1886). ~o. Fissidens minutulus Sulliv. Levens (Dr. J. B. Wood). Fissidens viridulus (Swartz.) Wahl. Lev Wood, and Stabler) j Whitbarrow (1868). 22, Fissidens incurvus Starke. Fissidens Bamber^eri Schpr. Brigsteer Brow (Barnes, 1868) : Foulshaw (Barnes, 1870). V ar. tamarindifolius Dorm. On ant hills, Arnside Tower. with Pot/A? hryoides and Ephemerum serratum (Barnes, 187c May 1896. 140 STABLER: HEPATIC/*; AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. « 23. Fissidens bryoides (L.) Hedw. Dodding Green, Kendal (T. Gough) ; The Moss, Levens (Barnes, 1868); Bowness (T. Hartley, 1868) ; Sizergh and Ulpha (1869) ; Rigmaden, (1880). 24. Fissidens fontanus Schpr. Fissidens crassipes Wils. By the river Kent, Nether Levens (Barnes, 1870). 25. Fissidens rufulus Schpr. Rigmaden Park (Peter Dreesen, 26. Fissidens osmundoides (Swarte) Hedw. Caldron Snout (J.G.Baker) ; Grayrigg Forest (1868). [Dent (Barnes, 1868); Woodside Moor, Ulverston (Barnes and Stabler, 1868).] 27. Fissidens taxifolius (L.) Hedw. Windermere (Clowes); Foulshaw and Whitbarrow Lodge (Barnes and Stabler, 1868); banks of the river Gilpin, Levens (1880); Barrow Field (1881). zS. Fissidens ClistatUS Wils., Fissidens decipiens DeNot. On wall, Rayrigg Wood, Windermere (Barnes, 1868); male, Brigsteer Wood (Barnes, 1869) ; male, Barrow Field (1881); Levens Park ; Whitbarrow. 29. Fissidens adiantoides (L.) Hedw. Scar Foot Mill (Gough) ; Windermere (Clowes); Ambleside (1867); Low Gill Junction Barnes (1868); Harter Fell (1869); Staveley (Barnes, 1873); Barrow Field, Helsington (188 1 ) : Barbon Fell (1885). 3°- Fam. LEUCOBRYACEAi. Leucobryum glaucurn (L.) Schpr. c. fr. ! Ulpha Moss, Foul- shaw. Found fruiting there by Mr. Barnes in 1868. I have since gathered it with fruit at the same place. Barrow Field (1870); Stock Ghyll, Ambleside (1869); Naddle Low Forest (1887); Outh Ghyll, Mallerstang (1888). This species is plentiful in the English Lake District. Fain. DICRANACE.E. 31. Archidium alternifolium (Dicks.) Schpr. Archidium phascoides Bry. Brit. On a damp path on the top of Whitbarrow (Barnes and Stabler, 1872); Brigsteer Wood (i877). 32. Pleuridium axillare (Dicks.) Lindb., Phascum nitidum Hedw. and Bry. Brit. On old mole hills, Low Borrow Bridge (Barnes and Stabler, 1868); Moss End. Milnthorpc (Barnes, 1868) ; near Kendal (Binstead, 1885). 3$. Pleuridium subuiaturn (Huds.) Rabenh. Windermere (Clowes and Barnes) ; Whitbarrow (Barnes) ; Levens (1868); Staveley; Mardale ; Sedgwick. Naturalist 14* NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN OLIGOCHiETS. Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, Cocke 9 won th . The worms are divided into two orders, and are known as Oligochreta and Polychasta. The setae form the basis of classification. In some worms the setae are numerous, whence the name Polychseta. In addition to other characters the Polychaets are, for all practical purposes, marine. The other worms possess few bristles, and live on land or in fresh water. The line between the two groups, so far as the number of bristles is concerned, is not hard and fast, for there are Oligochaets with many bristles and Polychaets with few. Further, the many-bristled Oligochaets are chiefly aquatic, and so form a close connecting link between the marine worms on the one hand and the terrestrial on the other. With the Polychaets we have for the present no concern. The Oligochaets again fall into two great and well-marked groups, and are known as the terrestrial and the limicolous. True, some of the terrestrial group prefer the water, and many of those which fall into the aquatic section live on land, but on the whole the distinctive features of the groups are strong and clear. In the British fauna the earthworms belong entirely to one family, the Lumbriculida\ and to three genera only, namely, Lumbricus. Allo/obop/wra, and Allurus. With these we are already familiar. For three years no new species has been added to the list, so that our terrestrial specie- may be said to number about a Quarter of a hundred. Of the limicoline species, on the other hand, we may be said to be in total ignorance. Doubtless they may be numbered not by scores but by hundreds, yet it is doubtful whether at present we know, by actual printed descriptions, more than a score. Bousfield has dealt with Dero, Beddard with ^-Eolosima, Benham with JVais, Stylodrilus and Sparganophilus, and there, roughly speaking, the matter ends. On the Continents of Europe and America much has been done, in comparison with the little done at home, and thanks to the labours of Rosa, Vejdovsky, Stole, Ude. Eisen, Smith and others, we have a mass of material at hand to guide us and spur us on. Every deal species spec keep pace with all the new arrangements and discoveries. Thanks to the publication of Beddard J s Monograph (see supra. p. 77-80), we now have a well-defined starting point, and it should be comnarative May a 896. 142 FRIEND : NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN OL1GOCH& I S. of our investigations. Having been for some years engaged in collecting specimens from various parts of the United Kingdom, and being now in possession of much valuable information relating to the limicolous Oligochaets of Great Britain, I propose to issue from time to time such reports on the species found within the field of operations which comes under the purview of 'The Naturalist' as I shall be able to prepare. I shall begin with a selection of such worms as are already known to occur in this country. The species in my possession which have only been described as Continental or are new to science will be dealt with later. It will be well to preface my first description with a few remarks respecting the scientific characters of this group of Oligochaets. As Eeddard has summed up the results of earlier modes of classification, I shall not refer to them. It may suffice to note that the Limicohe differ from the Terricolae mainly in the following particulars : — The ova of the former 'are of large size and full of yolk . . . the egg-sac> are of large size and extend through several segments ; both they and the sperm-sacs are very thin walled, and their interior is entirely undivided by trabecule ; in all, or at least very nearly all, of the aquatic Oligochaeta there is a head-pore, a structure which is, so far as our knowledge at present goes, quite unrepresented in the terrestrial Oligochaeta 7 (Beddard, 'Monograph of Oligochaeta,' P- I 57)- r Fh e presence of the head-pore in the embryo of certain terrestrial forms is a point of special interest for the evolutionist. 4 Besides these resemblances, all the aquatic Oligochaeta agree in a number of structural features, which would, if it were not for the family Moniligastridae, distinguish them from all the terrestrial Oligochaeta. These are : — i. The clitellum is only a single layer of cells thick. 2. It has a very anterior position, more so than in any terrestrial 3. The male pores are also far forward. [form. 4. The sperm duct traverses only two segments. If we add the family Moniligastridae, it seems to me that a perfectly natural group of Oligochaeta will be the result; this group will be capable of the following definition: 'Oligochaeta with a clitellum commencing not later than the tenth or eleventh segment, and consisting of only a single layer of cells ; sperm ducts only occupy two segments, the external pore being on the segment following that into which the funnel opens : male pore situated in front of the female pore; eggs generally large, always provided with abundant yolk; egg-sacs large; spermiducal lands, when present, possess a muscular layer interposed between the inner epithelium and the glandular layer: sexual maturity at Natura . I RIEND : NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN OLIGOCHJETS. 14 a fixed period' (loc. cit). Omitting the anomalous sEo/osoma we have the following seven families under the Limicolse or Microdrili : — (1) Phreoryctidae, (2) Moniligastridoe, (3) Lumbriculidae, (4) Eclipi- drilidse, (5) Tubificidae, (6) Naidomorpha, (7) EnchytneicUe. The reasons for the arrangement will be found in Beddard. In 1865 there was printed, by order of the Trustees, A Catalogue of the Non-Parasitic Worms in the Collection of the British Museum, compiled by Dr. George Johnston, in which we have what may be regarded as the first attempt to deal systematically with the indigenous Helmintha. He divides them into two groups : — (1) The Apodous, including the leeches, planarian worms, and other achcetous or bristleless worms, and (2) the Polypodous. This second group was made up of the Orders Scoloces and Annelides. The Annelides were the equivalents of our modern Polychaeta, while the Scoloces corresponded with the Oligochseta. The following summary of that Order may be helpful. Order SCOLOCES Tribe L—LUBfBRICIXA. Tribe IL— NAIDINA. I amily I. — Lumbricid e. Family III. — Naides. G 1. Lumbricus. 11 species ( 6. Proto. 1 species. recorded. 7. Stylaria. 1 species. j 2. Enchytrrcus. 1 species. Genera -j 8. Serpentina. I specie> I 3. Scenuris. 4 species. I . 9. Nai's. 2 species. Family IL-LiTTORKLEs. ' Ia Ch^togaster. I species Genera { + CHteliic, 1 specie ( 5. valla. 1 species. The entire number of species, therefore, was: — Terrestrial, 11 ; limicolous, 13 ; a total of 24. Johnston day is carefully recorded by Beddard, and it now remains for us to carry on the work, till our Limicolse are as well known as are the Terricolje. I. Stylodrilus vejdovskyi Benham. Turning to Beddard's third family (Lumbriculidae) we find (p. 221) an account of the genus Stylodrilus, under which are ranged three species. The genu was founded by Claparede, and has been further elucidated by Vejdovsky, Benham and Ratzel. The following is Beddard's generic definition : 'Setie bifid j clitellum x-xii. ; spermathecae, a pair in ix. ; a pair of non-retractile penes present on segment x., perforated by sperm-ducts : spermiducal gland pear-shaped with long duct.' The first species {St. heringianus Clap.) was described by Claparede in '862. Twenty-one years later, in 1883, Vejdovsky described a second species {St. gabretie). Finally, in 1S91, Benham found a third species in this country to which he gave the name which May 1896. 144 FRIEND: NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN OLIGOCHJETS. stands at the head of this notice. He says (Q. J. M. Sc., xxxm. p. 209): 'In a gathering made July 17th, just below Goring-on- Thames, I found a few small red worms, about one-third the size of an ordinary Tubifex [?], namely, about an inch in length. . . . The specific characters are as follows: Prostomium conical, two and a half times as long as the buccal segment, and differing in shape from both of the previous species. The segments, after the first three, are biannulated, the smaller annulus being anterior. This annulu- is very small in anterior segments, but behind the clitellum it is a third as large as the posterior annulus. . . . All the chaste are notched ; and, like those of Lumbriculus, have the distal or upper tooth much smaller than the lower. The dorsal vessel is not dilated in any segment; the sperm-sacs are paired, and have the norma! arrangement, extending as far back as segment xvi. The spermatheca lies in segment ix. entirely. The characteristic penis differs from that of both the previous species in shape and size. It has a length just a little greater than half the width of the body. It is not so narrow relatively as that of Si. gabretce ; it is not so pointed as in Si. heringianus. In normal position its free end is on a level with the chaetae of segment xi. . . „ The length is about an inch : none of my specimens exceeded this length. In colour they are bright red. with a tendency to orange; but the colour is much less marked anteriorly and posteriorly, where it is dull pale yellow. They are very active little worms.' Thus far Benham. I have omitted his account of the nephridia, as not being essential to my purpose. And now for my own researches. This pretty, active worm is found in the rivers Cocker and Derwent around Cockermouth, among the ooze on the margins of the streams ; also in mud on the sides of ponds, and among the soft earth on the shores of Derwentwater, near Lodore. I have gathered it repeatedly during the past six months, and could not fail to identify it with Benham's species. I have queried one remark in the foregoing description, which, as it affects the length of bift observations the following entries : — The Tubift be North of England. They may. however, us the fact that while Stylodrilus attempts to scuttle away from observa- tion, Tubijex forms itself into a coil or ball. They are frequentl found in each others company. Examined under the microscope, the absence of the hair-like setse which characterise Tubifex, a once serves as a prominent mark of distinction. The seta ar in pairs, four couples being found on each segment, sigmoid in hape. CEsophagus beginning immediately behind the septum 1 Natural FRIEND : NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN OLIGOCH^ETS. MS segment vi. and distinguished by the dark chloragogen ceils. First nephridium in segment vii. The arrangement of the bloodvessels can be well studied in the living worm on account of the light colour and transparent character of the anterior portion of the body, contrasted with the bright red colour of the blood. I cannot agree with Dr. Benham that the spermathecae lie entirely in segment ix. Before I had seen his description I had figured a specimen from Lodore in which they extend, as in St. gabreta^ right into segment x. The dorsal vessel is seen to pulsate in segment vi. As no allusion is made to the brain by either Benham or Beddard I give a diagram- matic figure, together with copies of Benham's drawings to represent the head and the girdle segments with the penes. I do not find the head so pointed as Benham represents. Fig. i. Stylodrilus vejdovskyi. Segments X-XL, ventral surface, showing ventral setae (?j.s.) and penes (pe.). Fig. 2. Head of same, ventral surface, showing prostomium, with mouth, buccal segment or peristomium and first setigerous segment, after Benham. Fig. 3, Dorsal view of same, showing brain {dr.) :m<) dorsal blood vessel (U*%4- r*« +U*. T3ofrf«»ri1 * last ittern {tfotaurus steaaris\ in cumDeria week*]. Field, Jan. 23rd, 1892, p. 116. Natural^* bibliography: birds, 1892. 149 YorkS.E., N.E., S.W., Notts, Line. N., Lane. S., Anon, [not signed], Derbyshire. Belated Swallows [giving Nov. and Dec. dates for Hirundo at Holderness (Cordeaux), Redcar (T. H. Nelson), Retford (L. Buttress) in 1891 ; Nov. dates for Chelidon at Sheffield (E. D. Doncaster), Retford (L. Buttress), and Redcar (T. H. Nelson) in same year ; and Sep. and Oct. dates for Cypselus at Caistor, Lines. (T. Ford), Spurn Lighthouse (Cordeaux), Scampston Hall, Yorks. (W. H. St. Quintin), Liverpool (A. Shuttleworth), Easington, Yorks. (H. B. Hewetson), and Higher Buxton, Derbyshire (J. J. Dodgson), and discussing the whole question at length]. Field, Jan. 30th, 1892, p. 133. Axon, [signed * R. B. S. (Haughton, Darlington)']. Durham. Large Flocks of Magpies [(Pica pica) near Haughton, Darlington, fifty and twenty noted]. Field, March 5th, 1892, p. 313. Anon, [not signed]. Cheviotland. Occurrence of the Hen Harrier [Circus cyanetis\ in Northumberland [one trapped on Alnwick Moor ; Buteo vulgaris also seen there]. Alnwick Guardian ; rep. Land and Water, March I2tb, 1892, p. 300. Anon, [not signed]. Cumberland. Birds noted at Wigton, attracted to building in very severe weather, Feb. 1892 : Turdus mitsicus, T. merula, Erithacus^ Parus major, and P. arruleus}. N. H. J., March 15th, 1892, p. 29. Axon, [signed * M. E. C.'J. Lane. S. A Quail [Cotumix cowmuuis], alive but exhausted, was picked up the other day near Bury, Lancashire. N. II. J., March 15th, 1892, p. 32. Anon, [signed oceanicus^ and Podiceps nigricollis, are additional to 1st edition]. Land and Water, Nov. 5th, 1892, p. 487. Anon, [not signed]. Derbyshire Any Port in a Storm ! [at Bonsall near Matlock Bath, Passer domestic^ pursued by Accipiter nistts, took refuge in a grocer's shop, where the hawk followed]. Land and Water, Nov. 19th, 1892, p. 539. Natural 1 bibliography: birds, 1892. 151 Anon, [signed * E.L.K/] Line. N. and S. Traditional Ballads : * The Three Ravens ' [given, as noted down at Northorpe, Line. N., in 1859, and dating back at least to aLout 1800]. Notes and Queries, Nov. 26th, 1892, p. 437. Anon, [signed * Lepus Hibernicus ']. Cumberland, Line. N. The Recent Visitation of Ruddy Sheldrakes [ Tadoma casarca] to Great Britain [giving the details in full; the North-country occurrences were in Cumberland, July 20th, on Humberstone Fitties, Sep. 1st, and at Crofton, near Wigton, Cumberland, Sep. 26th]. Land and Water, Nov. 26th, 1892, pp. 566-567. Anon, [signed ■ C. E. E. (York)']. York Mid W. Herons [Ardea cinerea] and Trout [in the Nidd near Pateley Bridge ; a pretty tale of the heron fishing for trout with its own feathers]. Field, Dec. 10th, 1892, p. 918. Anon, [not signed]. Lane. S. Penketh Boys' Field Club \Motacilla lugubris seen on the playground], N.H.J., Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 144. Anon, [signed 'L. P.']. York N.W. Red Grouse [Lagopus scoticus] perching on Trees [between Bellerby and Re dm ire, in Wensleydale ; often noted on hawthorns]. Field, Dec. 31st, 1892, p. 1003. O. V. Aplin. Cumberland. Ornithology in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. . . The Rook [(Corvus frugilegus)\ with reference to its destroying flights of locusts years ago in Craven, and caterpillars on Skiddaw in 1830]. Gard. Chron., Dec. 20th, 1890, p. 717. O. V. Aplin. Notts. Further remarks upon Grey Shrikes [with a passing allusion to Z. major near Nottingham]. Z00L, March 1892, p. 112* York N.W., S.W., N.E., Notts, Lane. S., Cheshire, O. V. Aplin. Line. N., Derbyshire. On the Distribution of the Cirl Bunting [Ettiberiza cirlas] in Great Britain [giving detailed records compiled from various sources for the counties specified above]. Z00L, April 1892, pp. 121 -128. Cheviotland, Durham, Cumberland, Lane. W. and S., O. V. Aplin. York N.E., Notts, Derbyshire. The Status of the Woodchat, Lanius rufus, in Great Britain [discussed, and notes on the examples recorded, county by county]. Z00L, Oct. 1892, PP* 345-352. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Notes on the Early Moths [of Chester district, with casual references to Pica pica* Garrulus gla f alarms % and Acredula rosea in Delamere Forest, Feb. 13th, 1892]. Ent, May 1 892, p. 122. J. J. AKMfSTEAD. Cumberland. Sheldrakes [Tadorna cortiuta] on the Solway [increasing in numbers]. Nat, May 1892, p. 140. John Avery. Cheviotland. Bird Notes from the North [of Northumberland, Chathill district ; arrival of Columba palumbus, Turdus pilaris, Scolopax rusticola, Fuliguia ferina, and occurrence of Rallus aqitaticus\ Newc. Weekly Chron. ; rep. Land and Water, Jan. 2nd, 1892, p. 27. William E. A. Axon. York Mid W., Lane. S. A Lancashire Naturalist— Thomas Garnett [with his notes on Troglodytes, Motacilla sulp/tt/rea, XL Jlava, Mecistura longicaudata, Helodromas, Parus May 1896. 1 $2 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1892. palustris, Cerlhia, Tardus musicus, T. merit la, Fringilla Calebs, Erithacus, Parus major, P. cceruleus, Regulus cristatus, Corvus frugilegus, Acrocephalus pkragmitis, and Cinclus\ Sci. Goss., Aug. 1892, pp. 169-170. J* Backhouse. York S.E. Gadwall [Chanlelasmus streperus] in Yorkshire [a fine female shot, Feb. 1892 at East Cottingwith near York]. Nat., A p. 1892, p. 116. J. Backhouse. York Mid W. Nesting of the Chiffchaff [{Phylloscopus rafits) in garden at Holgate, York, in Austrian Pine at least 9 feet from ground]. Zool., Ap. 1892, p. 150. J. Backhouse. York S.E. Baillon's Crake [Porzana hailloni] near Pocklington, and White Varieties of the Jay [Garrulus glandarius] near York [with particulars]. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 308. J. C. Bacon. Isle of Man. Albino Starling [Stumus vulgaris] in the Isle of Man [shot near Colby, 3rd Oct. ; a Procellaria pelagica found dead on Port Erin shore, October 1891]. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 3. Matthew Bailey. York S.E. Flamborough Bird- Notes [anent non-arrival of the two RuticillcB, and lateness of Hirundo, Cuculus, and Tardus to7-quatus\ Nat., June 1892, p. 186. [Anent arrival or occurrence of Sylvia sylvia, Eudromias, Tartar, Cypselus, and Phalacrocorax gracu/us, the latter an unprecedented occurrence of a nesting pair]. Nat., July 1892, p. 215. [Anent migration or occurrence of Cypselas, Sula, Rissa, Larus, Sterna, Scolopax rusticola, Lanius excubitor, Alauda arvensis, Tardus merula, T. musicus, T. iliacus, and Regains cristatus]. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 326. [Anent departure of Hirundo, Saxicola, Ruticilla phcenicurus, an albino Hirundo, a pied Tardus merula, late appearance of Cypselus, and occurrence of Lanius excubitor, Chenalopcx Ggyptiacusy and Xema sabinii]. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 326. Samuel Barber. Cumberland, Westmoreland. Beneath I Helvellyn's Shade, j Notes and Sketches 1 in the Valley of Wythburn I . . | . . | . . j [4 lines of poetry] I London : j Elliot Stock . . 1892 [small 8vo., pp. x. 4- 166 ; noting Buteo vulgaris, Ardea cinerea and Anas boschas as the most noticeable birds, the former occurrence of Corvus coras the presence of Tinnunculus, Cuculus, the c stone-chat ' (probably Saxicola cenantke), Troglodytes, Fringilla ccelebs, Phylloscopus trochilus, Acrocephalus pkragmitis, Anthus trivialis, Pratincola rubetra, Cypselus, Cheluion, Cotile, Hirundo, Turdus musicus, and T. morula, and absence of Sylvia atricapilla and S. hortensis ; comparative abundances of birds noted at pp. 50-53]. Major Bell. York N.W. Solitary Snipe [Gallinago major] in Yorkshire [one weighing 8 oz. shot near Bedale, Oct. 4th, 1892]. Field, Oct. 15th, 1S92, p. 607. W. P. Black burn e-Maze. Lane. S. Swan's Eggs [a nest of Cygnus olor with 17 eggs at Cuerden Hall, Preston, Lanes.]. Field, Oct. 1st, 1892, p. 537. George Bolam. Cheviotland, York S.E., Cumberland. Occurrence of the Snow Goose [Chen hyperboreus] in Northumberland during the winter of 1890-91 [given in detail; the birds were seen at Holy Island, 2nd January, 1891 ; reference also made to the species being synchronously noted at Beverley and at Allonby on Sol way]. Nat., Jan. 1892, pp. 1-3. Geo. Bolam. Northumberland. Notes on ■ The Supposed Inter-Breeding of the Merlin [Falco tesaltm and Kestrel [Tuinunculus alaudarius] in Northumberland in 1886' [dis- cussed, in reply to F. B. Whiil-ck, and confirming him by collateral evidence as to Eudromias and yEgialitis hiaticnla given on the same doubtful authority]. Nat.. Dec. 1892, pp. 369-370. Naturalist, bibliography: birds, 1892. 153 T. G. B[ONNEY : York Mid W Walling the Cuckoo [Cu cuius canonts] in a Field [a standing joke against the people of a Yorkshire village (Austwick)]. Notes and Queries, Nov. 12th, 1892, p. 388. B. B. H[a worth]. B[ooth]. York S.E. eed Warbler [Acrocephalus streperus] Nesting at a distance from Water [the reeds being backward, the birds nested 300 yards away from pond, in a black currant bush ; and some years ago in a yew tree near the pond ; both at Hullbank, Inver Hull, East Yorkshire]. Field, June 27th, 1885, p. 843. Harry B. Booth W. and S.W otes from West Yorkshire [anent occurrence of Colymbus arcticus and Podiceps rubricollis at Manywells reservoir, breeding of Partis ater near Bradford, nesting of Coccothraustes vulgaris and Ftingilla Calebs at Boston Spa, and of Cinclus and Motacilla 'flaveola ' (Ray's Wagtail) up Wharfedale, and commonness of Tringoides there]. Garner, Sep. 1st, 1888, pp. 188-9. Harry B. Booth. W. or S.W otes from West Yorkshire [anent occurrence of Chelidon m Bradford with white- tipped wings]. Garner, Nov. 1st, 1 888, p. 31. F. Boyes. York S.E. Rooks [Comas fntgi legits] abandoning Rookery [near Beverley, in consequence of attacks by C corone\ Field, April 30th, 1892, p. 625. F. Boyes. York S.E. esting Habits of the Lapwing [{Vanellus vanelhts) near Beverley these vary according to circumstances]. Field, May 7th, 1892, p. 666. Henry S. Boy n ton. York S.E rotection for Rare Birds [recording the flushing of a Botaurus slellaris twice on 16th Jan., 1891, but not shooting it, while covert -shooting in the East Riding]. Field, Jan. 31st, 1891, p. 162. harlrs R. Brown. Lane. S. each's Petrel {Procellaria leucorrhod] on the Lancashire Coast [one shot at Ainsdale, near Southport, December 6th, 1892 ; also a young female Clangula gkmcim\ Land and Water. Dec. 24th, 1892, p. 676. Frank Brownsword. Lane W Persistent Brooding of the Ringed Plover [(.Egialitis hiatiada) as noted in 1891 on the beach at St. Anne's-on*the-Sea; details and dates given]. Zoo!., Tan. 1802. d. ^i : reo. Land and Water. Tan. 16th, i8q2, p. 8t. F. Brownsword. W Black Redstart \RutuUl* tithys\ in Lancashire [one seen between Lytham and St. Anne's, Oct, 25th. 1891J. Zoo!., March 1892, p. 115. Thomas Bunker. York S.W. [Birds observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Penistone and Dunford Bridge [on T"ly 9th, 1892; Tardus visrivorv . T merula. T. torqttatus. Phvlloscopus I roc Alius, Troglodytes, Molacilla luguhris, Antku pratensis, Ilirundo, Cheiidon, Passer domesticus, Fringilla 4 fibs, Emheriza citrinella, Stnrnus, Tinnunculus, Lagopus scotkus, ami Tring des]. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 256. L. B mm Puffin Notts, otts. Tone obtained at BottomsalL Notts. autumn 1889]. Zoo!., March 1892, p. 115. L. Buttress. Mimicry in the Starling [(Stumm vulgar* . which at Grove Rectory near Retford, imitated a hen's cackle]. Field May jih. 1892, p. 666. ■ . 1896. 154 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS* 1892 Leonard Buttress, Notts Tufted Duck [Fuligula fuligula] in Notts, [on Clumber Lake, 6th May, 1892, forty seen]. Nat., June 1892, p. 186. A. St. Clair Carxegy. Line. N., York Mid W. Reeves Pheasant [Phasianus reeves i] in Lincolnshire [suggesting that the one recorded by John Cordeaux may be one turned out by John Harrison in Wilstrop Wood some time ago]. Field, June 27th, 1891, p. 981. M. N. C[arr]. Cumberland. Notes from the Solway [at Salta Moss; breeding-place of Laru ridibundus ; L. argentatus also noted ; also Numenius pkceopits near Allonby, and Saxicola isabellina in Nov. 1887]. N.H.J., June 15th, 1892, Pp. 72-73 York N.W. James Carter. Chiffchaff [Pkylloscopus rufus\ Nesting at a Height from the Ground [at Masham, where it arrived 20th Mar., 1892]. Field, Mch. 26th, 1892, p. 43 2 - James Carter. York N.W. Nesting Habits of the Lapwing [( V r anellus vanelhts) as observed at Masham, described]. Field, April 30th, 1892, p. 625. J. Chaloner. York Mid W. Parus caeruleus [quite yellow in colour] at Newton Kyme. Nat., July 1892, p. 215. E. Chapman. York N.W. Pomerine Skua \Stercorarius pomarinus\ in Wensleydale, North Yorkshire [one, in first year's plumage, shot on moors above Carperby]. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 326. M. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. Magpies [Pica pica] Congregating [to the number of 40, at East Baldwin, Oct. 15th, 1891 ; editor mentions a similar case near Sulby]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, April 1892, p. 359. Wm. Eagle Clarke. York S.E. [Saxicola deserti shot between Easington and Kilnsea, Oct. 17th, 1885 ; young female ; first English occurrence]. Ibis, Jan. 1886, p. 100. William J. Clarke. York N.E. ernacle Goose {Bemicla leueopsis\ at Scarborough [a large flock in September ; 29 at Low Fields Farm, Brompton, on the 19th]. Zool. ♦ Jan- 1892, p. i3- William J. Clarke. York NE. Ornithological Notes from Scarborough [anent Somaieria mollissima shot at Castle Fort, Dec. 19th, 1891, Buteo /agopus, female, shot at Scalby, Jan. 1 8th, 1892, Podiceps auritus shot on the North Shore, Jan. 20th ; and many Swans observed]. Zool., April 1S92, p. 144. William J. Clarke. York N.E. Notes from Scarborough [anent occurrence or movements of Trtnga subarquata y Tr. minuta, Totamts eanescens, Falco peregritws, Corvu monedula^ Falco icsalon^ Puticilla titys % Phalaroptts hyperboretts f Stereo- rarius pomarinus^ Sterna Jluviatilis y and Stria ; dates range from 1S02, Aug. 19th]. Zool., Nov. 1892, pp. 410- f. II. S. Claye. Cheshire. Little Crake [Porzana parva] in Cheshire [one killed Oct. 3rd, 1891, by telephone-wires running under Bosley Cloud, Staffordshire border of Cheshire]. Field, Oct. 17th, 1891, p. 582. F. Clemesha. Lane. W. orS. [Turdus torquatus reported as seen at Preston in the winter]. N.H.J.» March 15th, 1892, p. 28. »; Xatir bibliography: birds, 1892. 155 Walter Collins. Westmorland Winde shot Jan. 14th, 1892]. Field, Jan. 30th, 1892, p. 133. John Cordeaux. Line. N. [Occurrence of Coracias indicus at Muckton, near Louth, where an adult was shot Oct. 27th, 1883 ; details given and occurrence discussed]. Ibis, Jan. 1 891, pp. 147-8. John Cordeaux. York S.E., Line. N. Large Raptorial Birds in the Humber District [being notes on the occurrence of Archibuteo lagopits near Grimsby, at Easington and at Hull, of Circus cyaneus at Easington, and of a larger Eagle (possibly Haliactus albicilla) seen at Kilnsea ; all in November 1891]. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 3. I. Cordeaux. Line. N The Approaching Extinction of the Lapwing [( Vanellus vanellus) denied . so far as regards the North Lincolnshire Wolds ; as given in evidence before Select Committee on Wild Birds' Protection]. Sci. Goss., April 1892, p. 89. John Cordeaux. York S.E., Line. N. Bird-notes from the Humber District Spring of 1892 [anent Laru ridibttndus nesting at Twigmoor, Crex, Ruticilla tithys, R. phanicurus, Lanius excubitor^ Regulus cristatus^ Sylvia atricapilla^ Squatarola, 7'ringa alpnia y Calidris^ Tringa canutus, Sterna minuta^ Haliaetus atbicilla^ Laru glaucus, Turtur^ ail in Holderness, and the Haliaetus and Eudromias^ near Grimsby and Great Cotes; dates and details given]. Nat., July 1892, pp. 217-218. John Cordeaux. Cheviotland, York S.E. A Recent Visit to the Farne Islands [which are described ; St*rn maerura f Rissa y Uria grylle, Lomvia troite^ A lea torda, Fratereula^ Pkala- crocorax graeulus, Sterna fluviatilis^ S. cantiaca, Sula, Somateria mollissima. Sterna dougatli, S. minufa, Larus fit sens •, L. argen/atus, Columba Inn'a t H<.ematopus, Anthus obscunts ; with note of the Kinged or Silver-eyed Guillemot {Lomvia troile var.) on the Bempton Cliffs]. Zool., Aug. 1892, PP- 293.302. John Cordeaux. September Woodcocks [(Scolofax rustieola) in the Humber district; a considerable immigration on September 24th, also of Asio accipitrinus and Regulus cristalus]. Field, Oct. 8th, 1892, p. 574. Line. N., York S.E. John Cordeaux. York S.E., Line. N. n the Migration of the Yellow Wagtail [(JJbtacilla rail), discussed ; with notes on its movements at Spurn and in North Lincolnshire]. Zool., Nov. 1S92, pp. 389-391. John Cordeaux. York S.E. Barred Warbler [Sylvia nisoria] in Holderness [shot at Easington, Oct. 19th, 1892; bird of the year; now in Edinburgh Museum], Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 424. John Cordeaux. York S.E. Rare Wheatear [either Saxicola stapazimi, 5. deserti or S. melanoleuca] seen near Spurn [on Sep. i8ih, 1892 ; not shot, but seen by R B. Hewetsonj. Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 424. John Cordeaux. York SE - Garganey [Querquedula querquedida\ in Holderness [young male shot near Easington, Sep. 19th, 1892; date afterwards corrected to Sep. 2nd (see Zool. 1893). Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 424- John Cordeaux. York S.E., Line. N. Migration in the Humber District in the Autumn of 1892 [noting two great rushes, Sep. 20-21, and Oct. 14-16 ; and movements of Ruhalia Matf 1896. 156 bibliography: birds, 1892. phomicurus, Sylvia cinerea, Erithants (in swarms), both Muscicapce t Saxicoal a-nanthe, Accentor. Partis caruleus, Cyanecula, Anthus obscurus. Scolopax rusticola. Regains cristatus (great swarms), Reg. ignicapillus, Lanius excubitor, Archibuteo, Asio otus, A. brachyotus, Corvus frugilegus, St u mas, A laud a arvensis, Tardus torquatus, /'. mernla, T. iliacus, T. music us, T. pilaris, Plectrophanes nivalis , Phylloscopus trochilas^ Pratincola rubicola, Gal I in ago ccelestis, Limnocryptes, and Corvus comix]. Zoo!., Dec. 1892, pp. 417-420. R. C. H. Cotton. Derbyshire. Reeve [Machetes pugnax] in Derbyshire [shot on the Burton-on-Trent Sewage Farm ; a few days previously were observed there Hccmatopus, Tot anus calidris, Aigialitis hiaticula, and Sand Snipe]. Field, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 607. J. Hi Crosland. York S.W. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving Cleckheaton dates for Saxicola, Phylloscopus trochilus, Hirundo, Anthus trivialis, Motacilla raii, Chclidon, Cuculus, Pratincola rubetra* Ruth ilia phosnicurus, Sylvia sylvia, S. curruca, Acrocephalus p/iragmitis, both Muscicapiz, and Crex\ N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. F. Curtis. Lane, S. or W. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving Preston dates for Saxicola, Phyllo- scopus ru/us, P. trochilus, Hirundo, Turd us torquatus, Cot He, Anthu$ triviality Motacilla rail, Sylvia atricapilla, Pratincola rubetra, Rutialla phcenicurus, and Tringoides], N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. A. N. Curzox. Derbyshire- White Landrail [Crex crex] in Derbyshire [one obtained at Kedleston, Se^. 6th, 1892]. Field, Sep. 24th, 1892, p. 473. J. Burtt Davy. Line. N. [Birds observed by] Lincolnshire Naturalists at Gibraltar Point [on Aug. 15th, 1891 ; Tardus musicus f T. merttla, Ruticilla phoemcurus, Mota- cilla lugubris, Anthus prat ensis, II ir undo, Chelidon, Cotile, Passer domestic us, Linota cannabina, Emberiza miliaria , E. citrinella, St urn us, Corvu frugilegus , C. cor one, Alauda arvensis, Cypselus, Ardea cinerea, Gall inula chloropus, sEgia litis hiaticula, Iringoides^ Tot anus calidris, T canescens, both Numenii, Sterna Jluviat ills, S. mi nut a and Larus minutus noted by J. E. Mason : several vernacular names given]. Nat., Feb. 1892, pp. 47*4^- Charles Dixon. Notts, Derbyshire, York S.W., Cheviotland. The I Birds of our Rambles j A Companion for the Country | By | [six lines of author] j with illustrations by A. T. Elwes. | London : Chapman and Hall, I Limited, j 1891 | . . [8vo cloth, pp. xi. 4-249 + 8 plates; notes anent Hirundo in Yorkshire and Derbyshire as bringing good luck (p. 17)- Locustella mama between Heeley and Norton, Sheffield (p. 56), Phylloscopus rufus in March in the Dukeries, Notts (p. 92), Falcon cesalon on the Peak, Derbyshire (p. 151), Eudromias morinellus on migration in the Peak (p. I74)» Plectrophanes nivalis in the Wash, and shot perching in Endcliffe Woods, Sheffield, winter 1879-80 (p. 177), and Somateria mollissinm at the Feme Islands (p. 221)]. Line. N. and S.. Cheviotland, Notts, Charlfs Dixon, York S.E. and S.W. The 1 Migration of Birds | an Attempt to Reduce Avian Season-Flight to Law j by Charles Dixon ; [seven lines of titles] | [three lines of quotation] j London : Chapman and Hall, Ld. | 1892 ! . . [8vo cloth, pp. xvi. 4* 3°° m ; the only Northern references are : Regutus cristatus and Tardus musicus in the Humber and up the Don. Sheaf and Trent, Corvus comix in the Wash and along the Witham and Welland, Regains and Linota cannabina in the Lincolnshire salt marshes (pp. 244-245); Turdus pilaris at the Fames and at the Dudgeon Light- vessel off the Wash, T. merula along the entire coast, etc. (p. 255)]. Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1892. 157 G. Dobson. Furness. A Strange Place for a Bird's Nest [at Urswick, 31st May, 1887, in a pump ; Sturn us vulgaris]* Nat. World, July 1887, P* I 3°» C. Wolley Don. Cheshire. Cuckoo [Cuculus canonists Egg in a Swallow [Hirundo rusticals Nest [at Edge Hall, Malpas ; where it is also in a nest of Motacilla iugubris]. Field, July 2nd, 1892, p. 39. Charles Wolley-Dod. Cheshire. On a Case of a Cuckoo [Cuculus canarus] and a Swallow [Hirundo rustica] being reared in the same Nest [at Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire, in 1892 ; there also breed Motacilla Iugubris, Muscicapa grisola, Hirundo, Turdus merula; detailed particulars of the occurrence given]- Ibis, Oct. 1892, PP- 524-530. E. D. Doxcaster. York S.W. Manx Shearwater [Puffinus anglorum] at Sheffield [found in a fish-van from Glasgow, at the Midland Station, Sep. 8th ; at first incorrectly identifie as Puffinus obscurus]. Field, Sep. 24th, 1892, p. 473. L. DOXCAsTER York S.W. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving Sheffield dates for Anthus trivial is, Sylvia atricapilla, S. salvia, S. curruca, Chelidon, Cuculus, Ruticilla pfurnicurus, Locustella, and Phylloscopus sibilatrix]. N. H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. H. E. Dresser. York S.E. [Repetition of record of Sylvia nisoria shot by H. H. Slater on the Yorkshire Coast, 28th Aug., 1884]. *his., Oct. 1885, p. 453- Alex. Dury York Mid W. Jackdaws [Corvus monedula] killing young birds [of Phasianus colchicus and Perdix cincrea, at Swarcliffe near Ripley, Yorkshire, this year]. Fielo, July 23rd, 1892, p. 163. S. A. Ellershaw, Sec. Lane. S. [Birds noted by] Penketh Girls' N. H. Society [Aktdo by Sankey Brook, Turdus musicus and Ligurinus at Penketh School]. N. H.J., May 15th. 1892, p. 58. Chas. E. Elmhirst. York S.W. Magpie [Pica pica] attacking Pigeon [at Round Green, Barnsley]. Field, Nov. 5th, 1892, p. 707. C. J. Evans [and 4 others]. York S.W. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving Ackworth dates for Saxicola, Phylloscopus rufus, P. trochilus, Hirundo, Cotile, Anthus trivialis, Motacilla raii, Sylvia atricapilla, S. sy/via, Chelidon, Cuculus, Daulias, Ruticilla ph&nicurus, Acrocephalus phragrnitis, Locustella, Crex, Cyptelus, an< Muscicapa grisola\ N. H. J.. Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. William Evans, Cheviotland. Notes on Palias's Sand-grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus) in Scotland during the recent great westward movement of the species [including notices of specimens in Berwick Museum, shot 2 or 3 miles S. of Berwick, 5th June, i888j. Proc. R. Phys. Lanius exculritor (Harlow Moor), Coccothraustes vulgaris^ Alergus merganser^ at Killinghall Bridge, Jan. 20th, 1887, and at Ripley Lake, Feb. 26th, 1886; Tacky baptes, Bernicla bemicla near Harlow Moor, Gallinago gallinago, Afota cilia lugubris, A/, melanope, Littota linaria\. Garner. April 1st, 1887, p. 112. Riley Fortune. York Mid W. The Birds of Harrogate and District [enumerated with localities, local names, etc., and introductory remarks; the present instalment include> 32 species, from Turdus to Sitta\ Garner, May 1st, 1887, pp. 123-126. [Continuation, gives 42 species, from Troglodytes to Alauda]. Garner. June 1st, 1S87, pp. 141-3. [Third instalment has 33 species from Alauda to Botaurus\ Garner, July 1st, 1887, pp. 164-6. [Fourth instalment gives 39 species, from Chenalopex to Seolopax]. Garner, Aug. 1st, 1S87, pp. 1 79- 18 1. [Fifth and concluding instalment brings up the total to 17° suedes, from Gallinago to Rhodostethia^ and includes additional notes o* 6 species]. Gamer, Sep. 1st, 1887, pp. 199-200. R. Fortune. Northumberland, Durham, York Mid W. Ornithology in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. . . • The Starling [(S/urnus vulgaris) with notice of their increase in Northumberland and near Sunderland]. Gard. Chron., Jan. 3rd, 1891, p. II. [Habits in their nesting sites at Harrogate]. Gard. Chron., Jan. 10th, 1891, p. 45- Riley Fortune. York Mid W. Curious Death of a Young Blackbird [{Turdus merula) caught by the throat on a rose-prick, at Harrogate]. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 22. R. Fortune. York Mid W. Great Grey Shrike [Lanius excubiter] at Harrogate [one seen in Barbers* Coppice, 27th Jan., 1892]. Nat., A pi. 1892, p. 116. Natural^ BIBLIOGRAPHY: I3IKDS, 1892. 1 59 Kiley Fortune. York Mid W. Nesting Habits of Lapwing [(Vauelius vanellus) described, as observed presumably near Harrogate]. Field, April 23rd, 1892, p. 585. Riley Fortune, York Mid W. [Birds observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Horton-in- Ribblesdale [14th May, 1892 ; Turdus musicus, T. viscivorus, T merula, 7\ pilaris, 71 torquatus, Saxicola, Pratincola rubetra, Rutieilla plianicttt us, Sylvia sylvia, Pkylloscopiis trochilus, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Erithacus, Accentor, Cinclus, Partis ctetuleus, Troglodytes, Mot axilla lugubris, M. melatiope, M. rail, An thus pratensis, A. trivialis, Passer domesticus, Fringilla coslebs, Linota flavirostris, Etnberiza schaniclus, Sturnus, Pica, Corvtis monednla, C. cor one, C. frugilegus, C. corax, A laud a arvensis, Hirundo, Chelidon, Cotile, Cypselus, Cuculus, Acapiter nisus, Falco percgrinus, Tinnunculus, Ardea cinerea, Anas boschas, Lagoptts scotictts, Perdix cinerea, Gallinula chloropus, Charadrius pluvialis, Vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Numetiius an/ttata, Tringoides, and Larus argentatu* noted; with some annotations]. Nat., June 1892, pp. 179-180. Riley Fortune York N.E. [Birds observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists 1 Union at Coxwold and Byland [Sep. 1892 ; Turdus viscivorus, T. musicus, 71 merit la, Erithactts, Regulus cri status, Accentor, Acredula rosea, Parus major, P. cte/uleus, Troglo- dytes, Motacilla lugubris, Ant hits pratensis, Hirundo, Chelidon, Ligurinus„ Passer domesticus, Fringilla Calebs, Linota cannabina, Emberiza citrin I la, Sturnus, Corvtts monedula, C. frugilegus, A I an da arvensis, Accipiter nisus, Tinnunculus, Anas boschas, Columba palttmbus, C. anas, Phasianus, Perdix cinerea, Gallinula chloropus, Fit I tea, and I'anel/ns]. Nat., Nov. 1892, pp. 345-6. J. H. F[ryrr, Sec.]. [Notes made by] York, Bootham W (Askham), Corvus frugilegus, Columba palu tubus, Muscicapa grisola, Pica (Askham), Corz'tts comix, Gallinago gallinago* and Charadrius pluvialis {by 1892, p. 76. J. H. Fryer [and 5 others]. sj">eci 4 York.' Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving York dates for Saxicola, Phylloscopus rufus, P. trochilus, Hirundo, Cotile, Anthtts trivialis, Motacilla raid, Sylvia atricapilla, S. cinerea. S. sylvia, S. hortensis, Chelidon, Cuculus, Pratincola rubetra, Ruticilla phoenicurus, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Locustella, Trtngoide. Crex, Cypselus, and Muscicapa grisola]. N. H. J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. F. J. George. ? Lane, S. Cuckoo [(Cuculus canorus) ; note on its call, as heard presumably at Chorley, Lane. S.]. ScL Goss., Feb. 1S88, p. 43- W. R. Ogilvie-Gran t. Northumb. S., Chesh., York Mid W. On the Sexual Differences in Plumage of the Common Partridge [( Perdix perdix) ; discussed at length, with mention of a chestnut variety which has occurred from time to time chiefly in Northumberland, near Widdrington and Ulgham ? of a hybrid between Perdix perdix and Lagopus scotieus shot on Blubberhouses Moor by Lord Walsingham, and of Latham's description of the Cheshire Partridge."] Field, April oth, 1892, p. 508. H. Grant. York S.E. Scolopax major [repeating from Cordeaux's Birds of H umber District a record of one killed on the Hull which weighed 8 02. 2 drs.]. Land and Water. Nov. 7th. 1891, p. 520. M Sod 160 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, I 892. W. Gregory. Notts Our Summer Visitants [at West Bridgford, Notts ; dates given for Phylloscopus ru/us in 1883 and iS8j; and in 1887 for Ant has trivial is, Hirundo, Cuculus, Sylvia sylvia, Pratincola rubetra, Crex, and Cypselus\ Nat. World, Aug. 1887, p. 148. York Mid W. J. H. Gurney, Jun. On the Occasional Assumption of the Male Plumage by Female Birds [in the case of Fringilla ccclebs at Chapeltown, Leeds, 16th May, 1887, and Ruticilla phanicurus at Wike near Leeds, June 1886; full details given Ibis, April 1888, pp. 226-230. J. H. Gurney, Jun. Cheviotland, York S.E. [Occurrence of Adams' Diver (Colymbus adamsi) at Embleton, Northum- berland, Dec. 1829 ; and of Sturnus urn 'color at Howden]. Ibis, Oct. 1889, PP- 573-4- Cucu/us 9 Rutici/la phanicurus^ Acrocephalus phragmitis, Tringoides, Crex y and Cypse/us\ N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. Arthur Hollis [and] A. A. Shaw. Uncertain. Some Persecuted Birds. No. III. The Heron [(Ardea cinerea) discussed, with a locality note which we reproduce verbatim et punctuatim ; ' amonjj the most notable are those at Newton Hall, Maldon, Yorks. Rawcliffe Hall, Lancashire. Babingly Bush, Norfolk. Cobden Park, Kent. Harewood Park ; and Eshton Hall, Yorks. Walton Hall, the seat of the late Charles Waterton, Esq, and many other in various parts of the country ; > . . ]. Garner, Nov. 1st, 1888, p. 31. Richard House. Northumb. S. Note on the Nesting of the Peewit [[Vaue/tus vanel/us) discussing h detail the question] in what time does the Peewit lay her clutch of four eggs [in the light of observations made in Redesdale]. Nat., May 1S92, pp 137-139. Richard Hoyy.se. York N.E., Line. N. [acqueen's Bustard [Ctis macqueeni J. G. Gray] near Marske [shot 5th October, 1892 ; now in Newcastle Museum ; allusion made to the Lines, example of Oct. 1847, now in York Museum]. Nat., Dec. 1S92, p. 373. Peter Inch bald. York S.E. Snow Bunting [P/ectrophancs nivalis] and Shore Larks \ptocorys a/pestris} at Spurn [some hundreds and a few flights respectively noted but no dates given]. Field, Jan. 30th, 1892, p. 133. F. P. Johnson. Cumberland. Weight of Grouse [Lagopus scoticus] in Cumberland [one in 1868 and another in 1873, k * lied at Brampton, weighed 28J oz.]. Field, Nov. 26th, 1892, p. 803. P. M. C. Kekmode. Isle of Man. List of Birds of the Isle of Man [enumerating 127 species, with localities and dates, and a table showing faunistic position of the various groups]. Trans. I. of Man N. H.S., vol. 1, 1879-S4, pub. 1 888, pp. 15-23. 896. L 162 bibliography: birds, 1892. P. M. C. Kermode [not signed]. . Isle of Man. Phenological Observations [giving Manx dates for Scolopax rusticola, Turditb iliacus, Corvus frugilegus, Alaitda arvensis, Saxkola ananihe^ Hiriuido, and Vanellus\ Yn Lioar Manninagh, April 1892, pp. 349"35°- H. Wallis Kew. Line. N. Field Notes. No. 1. In the Woods [near Louth] in Spring [noting nest of Ctrthia at Aby, May 6th, 1885]. Nat. World, Jan. 1886, p. 1. Vnrk Mid W Chas. Kirkby. Hawfinch [Coccothraitstes vulgaris] at I Nov. 1891]. Nat., March 1892, p. 95. W E. P. Kxubley. York Mic Kittiwake [Rissa tridadyla] Inland [at Staveley near Boroughbridge] and Great Grey Shrike [Lamus excubitor\ near Knaresborough [on Feb. 20th and Jan. 26th respectively]. Nat., April 1892, p. 116. E. P. Knubley. York S.E., Line. N. Destruction of Wild Birds' Eggs [referring to the harrying of Sterna tninuta at Spurn and on the Lincolnshire Coast, and the disappearance at both places of 5. arctica and HcematopusX Nature, Sept. 1802, p. 434* E. P. Knubley. YorkS.E., Line. N. • Legislative Protection required for Wild Birds' Eggs ? [the question discussed, with incidental mention of Sterna macmra and Uicrtiatopus stralegus and ALgialitis hiaticula having practically ceased to exist or become much scarcer as breeding species on the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire coasts]. Ann. of Scott. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1892, p. 215. Robt. Lee. York N.E. Notes from Thirsk [anent habits of wild birds kept in captivity; also reporting a ■ Lesser Kestrel J ( Tinnunculus cenchris) shot near Thirsk, April 1 2th, and asking if anyone had lost one from confinement; also that two White-tailed Eagles {Haliaetus albicilla) were seen by James Boden at Bushy Stoop brickponds, April 14th, 1892]. Field, April 23rd, 1S92, p. 5 5* Paul Leverkuhn. Cheviotland, Cumberland, York Mid W. and S.W. Fremde Eier im Nest. | Ein Beitrag zur Biologie der Vogel | yon Paul Leverkiihn. j Nebst einer bibliographischen notiz liber Lottinger. I Motto: [three lines] | 1891. | [Six lines of publishers' names]. [8vo, paper, xii. +2124-4 pages ; references to Corvus frugilegus at Lofthouse, Yorkshire (p. 5), Perdix perdix at Eslington Park (p. 8), Totamts ialidris and Vanetttts in Cumberland (p. 97), Turdits merula and T. nmsicus at Harrogate and in Nidderdale (p. 103), Pants earn lens and Accentor tucdularis in Cumberland (p. 107), and a Cumberland reference at p. 126]. G. E. Lodge. Line- N. or S. [Former Nesting of Milvus ictinus and Buteo vulgaris near Lincoln, Me G- Adrian and J. Wolley, mentioned in a note on]; e Martin in Surrey and Lincolnshire. Zoo!., May 1892, p. 191. T. A. Lofthouse. York N.E. Arrival of Summer Birds (at Saltburn, Phylloscopus rufus, April 5th]. Fields April 9th, 1S92, p. 508. R. Lydekker. York N.E., N.W., Durham, Lines. On British Fossil Birds [noting as found in Kirkdale Cave remains of Alaitda arvensis^ Corvus corax, Pyrrhocorax graatlus, Bcrnkla berntcfa% Perdix perdix ^ Scolopax gatlinago* also of a small Anas and of a large Cclumba ; series of bones of Tetrao urogallus in a cave near Teesdale, Yorkshire (see last edition of Yarrell) ; remains of Alca impennis m superficial deposits in the Cleadon Hills, Durham ; and former abundance of Podiceps cristatus in the Lincolnshire fens alluded to ; the former existence of the Chough in Yorkshire is thus proved]. Ibis, July 1891, pp. 381-4 10 ' Nat- BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1892. 1 63 R. Lydekker. Westmorland. Bird Bones from the Rock Fissures of Helsfell, Westmorland [with wood-cut figures of bones of Butco ; the remains are of four species]. Macpherson's Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland, 1892, pp. lviii.-lx. H. A. Macpherson. Cumberland. [Occurrence of Saxicola isabellina at Aigle Gill, Allonby, Nov. nth, 1887; details given, also remarks on range]. Ibis, Jan. 1888, pp. 149-150. H. A. Macpherson. Cumberland. Occurrence of three examples of the Pectoral Sandpiper (Trirrga macula/a) near Penrith, 18th Oct., 1888; two shot; particulars given]. Ibis, Jan. 1889, p. 136. H. A. Macpherson. On Pelagodroma marina, a Petrel new to the British List [one washed up dead on Walney Island, after a severe gale in Nov. 1890 ; reference also to the 1875 occurrence td Aquila clanga at Walney ; and to occurrence there of Lomvia troile, Mergulus alle, and Oceanites oceanic us]. Ibis, Oct. 189 1, pp. 602-604. H. A. Macpherson. Cumberland, Westmorland. The Osprey [Pandion haliaclus] in Lakeland [in criticism of A. G. More's note and in defence of T. C. Heysham's records]. Zool., Feb. 1S92, p. 75. H. A. Macpherson. « Cumberland, Westmorland, and Furness. A Vertebrate | Fauna of Lakeland including Cumberland and West- morland J with Lancashire North of the Sands j . . . - I . - J • • I • • Edinburgh) 1S92 [has a chapter on * Bird Bones from the Rock Fissures of Helsfell, Westmorland, 5 at pp. lviii. — by R. Lydekker; a chapter on 'The Variation of Colour in Animals' at pp. lxxvi. -lxxvii. ; a chapter on 'Hybrid Birds' at pp. lxxix. -lxxxii. ; a chapter on 'Bird Fowling' at pp. Ixxxiii. -Ixxxix. , with figures; a chapter on 1 Introduced Species' at pp. xc.-xcii. ; a ' Review of the Fauna of Lakeland' at pp. xciv.-xcviii. ; and a ' Conclusion' to the 'Prolegomena' at pp. c.-civ. ; the List of Birds extends from p. 87 to p. 460, with additional notes at PP- 53**533 * 2 &4 species of birds are included, each of which is treated of in more or less detail ; and in the index the local names are incorporated]. [Review, in which reference is made to Muscicapa atricapilla and Eudromias as the two most characteristic birds of the Lake area, and to Saxicola isabellina as its greatest rarity]. Ibis, Jan. 1S93, pp. 138-139. H. A. Macpherson. Furness. Fauna of the English Lake District [inquiring the present whereabouts o( three rare birds killed in Lakeland; Larus ph: xdelphia y bo locality; Porphyria ocruleus, killed at I irange ; and Aquila clanga, obtained in Walney Island]. Field, May 28th, 1S92, p. 810. H. A. Macpherson. Cumberland. The Wild Birds Protection Act [and destruction of eggs of Totanus cmiidris, H« matopus. Sterna, Tringa alpina. Van us, ./ otitis fa icula, etc., in the Sol way marshes of Cumberland ; increase in numbers of certain species, etc.]. Field, June 18th, 1892, p. 903. H. A. Macpherson. Cumberland. Ruddy Sheldrakes [Tadonm casarca\ in a so-called wild state [one shot July 20th, 189 2, in Cumberland], Field, Aug. 13th, 1892, p. 287. 11. A. Macpherson. Cumberland. Ruddy Sheldrakes [ Tadorna casarcd] in the British Isles [discussing the Cumberland occurrence} Field, Aug. -Jth, 1892, p. 329. H. A. MAcphkrson. York Mid W. ' More Escapes ' [note as to the Yorkshire Bernida mage! *, and other birds]. Nat, Sep. 1892, p. 260. June 1806. 164 bibliography: birds, 1892. Cumberland. J. F. Mansergh. Walling the Cuckoo [Cuculus catiorns] in a Field [as practised by the wise men of Gotham ; also attributed to the people of Borrowdale, Cumber- land ; another note to same effect by C. A. White]. Notes and Queries, Dec. 17th, 1892, p. 497. Jas. Eardley Mason. Line. N. [Ornithological] Notes from North Lincolnshire [anent Ampelis garrulus at Tealby Manor, 29th Feb., Archibuteo lagopus at Saltfleetby, 4th Dec, and Falco peregrinus at Great Carlton, 9th Jan.]. Nat., April 1892, p. 118. F. S. Mitchell, Howard Saunders, Lane. S. and W., Furness, and R. J. Howard. Chesh., Yorkshire. Birds of Lancashire I By F. S. Mitchell I . . I Second Edition revised and annotated by j Howard Saunders, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &C. | with additions by R. J. Howard, M.B.O.U., | and other local authorities | illustrated by G. E. Lodge, Victor Prout, &c. | [monogram] | London : | Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row. | . . . | mdcccxcii. [8vo. cloth, pp. xxvi. -r 271 + 4 of advertisements -f map + plates ; 259 species are treated of, with full details of local names, distribution, etc. ; the additions are distinguished by being within brackets [ ] ; the illustrations are 13 in number]. C. B. Moffat. Cheshire. Migrants and Hibemants ; 1891 [at Oxton, Cheshire, Cypselus apns numerous and ubiquitous till Sep. 5th]. Sci. Goss., Feb. 1892, p. 47- C. B. Moffat. Isle of Man. Birds of the Isle of Man [mentioned as Additions to the Lists by Kermode and Ralfe ; Phylloscopus rufus, Partis aeruleus y Pyrrhula 9 Alcedo^ Linota flavirostris, Charadrius pluv talis, Saxicola cenanthe^ Anas base has* Motacilla lugubris, Regulus cristatus. Troglodytes, Sturnu$ y Phylloscopus trochilus, Sylvia sylvia, Cuculus, and Crex, with full details of occurrences]. Zool., April 1892, p. 146. A. G. More. Westmorland. The Alleged Former Nesting of the Osprey [Pandion haliaetosl in the English Lake District [disputed, and the statements of the authorities usually quoted examined and discussed ; the writer holds that Aquila chrysaetos and Haliaetus albicilla, not Pandion at all, are the species referred to]. Zool., Jan. 1892, pp. 1-3. S. L. Mosley. York N.W. Ortolan Bunting: [Emberiza hortidand\ near Bedale [recording one bought from James Varley's Executors and labelled 'Bedale, Yorks., July 9> lS82*£ Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 3. York S. W\ S. L. Moslem Peculiar Nests of Missel Thrush [{ Turdus viscivorus) in S. W. Yorkshire]. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 246. N. Neav* Cheshire. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving dates at Rainow near Macclesfield for Saxicola , Phylloscopus troc/iilus, Hirundo f Turdus torqualus, Ant hits trivialis, Chelidon, Cuculus y Sylvia sylvia, Trin^oides, and Cypselus\ N.H. J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. Newma.v Neave. Cheshire. A Fork-tailed Petrel {{Procellaria leucorrhoa) picked up on Oct. nth, 1892, at Macclesfield; named by J. H. Salter], Nature, Nov. 10th, 1892, p. 3 r - Newman Neave. Cheshire. Fork-tailed Petrel [Procellaria leucorrkod\ near Macclesfield [one picked up Oct. nth, 1892]. Zool., Dec. 1S92, p. 429. Natural^, BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1892. 165 T. H. Nelson. Northumberland and Durham, York N.E. Ornithology in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture . . Wood- pigeons [(Columba palumbus) ; notes anent increase in Northumberland and Durham (Hancock, 1874); immigration of this and C. anas at Redcar in 1884; etc.]. Gard. Chron., Dec. 27th, 1890, pp. 748-75°- Thomas H. Nelson. YorkN.E., Durham, Cheviotland. Ornithological Notes from Redcar for 1891-92 [anent Charadrius pluvialis, Columba palumbus, Saxicola ananthe, Pratincola rubetra, Motacilla luqubris, Podicfps griseigena, Colymbus septentrionalis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Scolopax rusticola, Fratercula, Lovivia troile, Otocorys, Hirundo, Chelidon, Cotile, Turdus torquatus, Crex, sEgialitis hiaticula, Totanus calidris, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Sterna macrura,Nu??ieniuspha>opus, Fulmarusglacialis 9 Numenius arquata, Tringa canutus, Calidris, Strepsilas, Totanus canescens, Limosa lapponica, Tringa subarquata, Sterna cantiaca, Stercorarius crepidatus, (Edemia fusca, Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, Alauda arvensis, Asio accipitrinus, Vanellus, Corvus comix, Turdus musicus, T. iliacus, T. pilaris, Fringilla calebs, Plectrophanes nivalis, Podiceps fluviatilis, Machetes, Phalaropus hyper- horeus, Lanius excubitor, Ant hits pratensis, Sula, Tringa maritima, Forzana maruetta (co. Durham), Somateria mollissima (its increase at the Fames also noted), Colymbus glacialis, Larus canus, Z. glaucus, Phalaropus fulicarius, Rissa, and Podiceps cristatus noted in chronological order], Nat., May 1892, pp. 141-144. T. H. Nelson. York N.E., Line. N. Macqueen's Bustard \Qiis matqutmi J. G. Gray] near Redcar; An Addition to the Yorkshire Avifauna [shot 5th Oct., 1892; reference made to the Lincolnshire example shot 7th Oct., 1847]. Nat., Dec. 1892, p. yji. T. H. Nelson. York N.E Arrival of Summer Birds [at Redcar ; Saxicola ananthe, March 30th ; and at Whitby, Motacilla ///clauope, Mar. 19th]. Field, Apl. 9th, 1892, p. 508. T. II. Nelson. York N.E. MacQueen's Bustard [Otis macqueenf] near Redcar [adult male shot Oct. 5th, 1892 ; now in Newcastle Museum]. Field, Dec. 17th, 1892, p. 942. Alfred Newton. York Mid W. and N.W. The British Example of Bulwer's Petrel [(Bulweria columbina) is now in the possession of W. Eagle Clarke; full details of the history of the specimen], Nat., May 1888, p. 156. Alfred Newton. York N.W. and Mid W. Bulwer's Petrel [(Bulweria columbina) ; history of the Yorkshire specimen found at Tanfield, and of its re-discovery by W. Eagle Clarke]. P.Z.S.; ep. Zool., June 1888, p. 230. G. C. Norman. Northumb. S. Note on the Geographical Distribution of the Crested Cuckoos (Coccystes). [repeating record of C. gland ari us near Bellingham, Northumber- land, Aug. 5th, 1870 (E. Charlton, Zoob, s.s., 2344)]. Ibis, Oct. 188S, p. 398. F. Menteith Or; i l vie. Cumberland, Line. N. On the Recent Occurrence in the British Islands of the Ruddy Sheldrake [( Tadorna casarca) ; occurrences collected from various sources and classified ; two Cumberland and one Lincolnshire example recorded, with particulars]. Zool., Nov. 1892, pp. 392-8. Charles Oldham. Derbyshire. Great Snipe [Gal-inago majcr\ in Derbyshire [shot 12th Oct., 1892, at Bolsoverj. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 326. Cha s» Oldham. Common Buzzard [Butec 1892, on the Derwent M Derbyshire. June xt 1 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1 892. Chas. Oldham. Lane. S., Cheshire. Supposed Occurrence of the Purple Heron [Ardea purpurea] in Lancashire [Alderley Edge, the locality, is in Cheshire]. Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 42S. R. Padbn. - ? Lane. S. or Cheshire. [Bittern (Botaurus stellaris) shot 'in the neighbourhood']. Proc. Liverp. Biol. Soc, vol. 6, 1891-92, publ. 1892, p. xiii. A. J. Palethorpe. Notts. Protection of Birds' Eggs [with newspaper extract anent nest and eggs of Erithaats at New Annesley, Notts, on 12th Jan., 1892]. Nottingham Evening Post, Jan. 13th, 1892 ; Vn Lioar Manninagh, April 1892, p. 357. H. A. Pavnter [Hon, Sec.]. Cheviotland. Protection of Birds on the Fame Islands [being report on the season of 1 89 1 ; increase in So materia mollissima, Lartts juscus % Sterna cantiaca, Fratercula, sF.gialitis hiatiatla, Lomvia, Rissa, etc. ; Sterna macrura all deserted their young, and none reached maturity, it is supposed from scarcity of proper food]. Field, May 7th, 1892, p. 666. E. Peake. York Mid W. Giggleswick Bird Calendar [small square 8vo, 12 pages in paper cover, dated Feb. 1890 ; giving dates of arrival, nesting, etc., a list of birds that breed in the district, and of birds that may be seen in winter ; 77 species mentioned]. Saml. Peel. York S.E. Hooded Crow [(Corpus comix) common in the East Riding, especially about Driffield and the Wolds ; locally called * Wetwang Greyback ']. Nat. World. Jan. 1886, p. 19. J. W. Peile and J. J. Williamson. Cumberland. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving dates of arrival of Phyiioscopus rufus, P. trochilus, Hirundo, Cotile, Anthus trivia/is, Motacilla rail, Sylvia atricapilla, Chelidon, Cuculus, Pratincola rubetra, Ruticilla phanicurus^ Sylvia sylvia, Acrocephalus phragmitis, Tr ingot des y Muscicapa atricapilla. Crex y Cypselus, and Sylvia hortemis at Wigton, Cumberland]. N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. JKO. Perlival. York N.W. [Coccothraustes vulgaris, Hawfinch, caught in a mill at Preston-Brook]. N.H.J., March 15th, 1S92, p. 26. Lister Petty. Notts. The Nightingale [Daulias luscinia] in Nottinghamshire [stating that he once — and once only — heard it in the neighbourhood of Worksop, in his school days, about 1S71 or 1S72]. Nat., March 1892, p. 95. J. F. Pickard. York Mid W. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving Newton-in-Bolland dates for Saxicola, Phyiioscopus rufus, P. trochilus, P. sibilatrix, Hirundo, Turdty torquatu\ Cottle, Pratincola rubicola, P. rubetra, Anthus trivia lis, Motacilla rati, Sylvia atricapilla, S. sj :ia, S. curruca, Chelidon, Cuculus, Ruticilla phcrnicurus, Acrocephalus phragin it is, Caprimulgus, Jringotdes, both Musci- capce, Crex, and Cypselus], N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135, T. Digby ProoTT. Cheviotland. The Birds of the Outer Farnes [describing a visit paid on June 14th, and noting the breeding or presence of Lomvia troile, Fratercula, Lartts fuse us, L. argentatus, Rissa, So materia mollissima, A ialitis hiaticula, Anthus obscurus, Sterna jtuviatilis, S. macrura, S. dougalli, S. cantiaca, and Phalacrocorax carbo]. Contemporary Review, Aug. 1888, pp. 182-19*- G. Puli en. Derbyshire. Quail {Cotumix coin mix] Nesting in Derbyshire [on the Burton Sewage Farm at Eggmton ; nine eggs ; this season]. Field, Oct. 1st, 1892, p. 537- Naturalist, bibliography: birds, 1892. 167 G. Pullen. Derbyshire. Breeding- of the Quail [(Columix cotumix) in Derbyshire, at the Burton Sewage-farm ; nine eggs]. Brit. Nat., Dec. 1S92, p. 268. Walter Raixe. York N.E., Mid W., N.W. Bird Nesting j in | North- West Canada I by | Walter Raine. | — Illustrated. ! — j Toronto: | Printed by Hunter, Rose and Company. | 1892 [8vo, cloth, ix. + 197 pages -r 6 coloured plates-f 28 tinted plates ; references made to nesting of Gallinago gallinago on Strensali Common (p. 37), of Pica pica at Fevvston, Yorkshire (p. 1 16), of Falco tesalon on Ilkley Moor (p. 118), of Corvus corax and Falco peregrin us at Sedbergh (p. 130), and of Linota rttfescens round York (p. 143)]. P. Ralfe. Isle of Man. Petrels and Phalarope in the Isle of Man [two Petrels— uncertain whether Procellaria pelagica or P. letuorrhoa — noted at Peel, 27th Sep., 1 89 1 ; and a Phalaropus fidicarius 'telegraphed' on the railway near Union Mills, November]. Zoo!., Jan. 1892, p. 28. P. Ralfe. Isle of Man. Birds of the Isle of Man [being- an Annotated List of 55 species, preceded by a brief reference to previously published lists, and on certain birds which are absent from the Manx fauna]. Z00I., March 1892, pp. 93-100. P. G. Ralfe. Isle of Man. [Birds mentioned in] Notes on Manx Plants [Ardea caierea and Tringoides\ Sci. Goss., May 1S92, p. ill. David Rice. York Mid W. The Cuckoo. [Cucutus canorus.) [giving a gossipping account of its natural history and folk-lore ; with notes from Yorkshire (R. Fortune)]. Garner, June 1st, 1887, pp. 145-14S. B. Rose. Notts. A Buff-coloured Woodcock [(Scolopax ritsticola) killed at Bestwood]. Field, Feb. 6th, 1S92, p. 177. John S. Royvntree. York N.E. Belated House Martins [(Chelidon urbica) about Mount Villas, York,. November nth, 1891]. N.H.J. , Dec. 15th, 1891, p. 175. W. H. St. Quintin. York S.E. Malformed Bill of Rook [{Corvus ft ilegus) at Scampston, near Rillington, Yorkshire ; malformation editorially described]. Field, Mar. 5th, 1892, p. 313. Thomas Scott. Northumb. S. Pheasant [Phasianus colckicus] 's Nest 20 ft. up a Tree [at Matfen Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, May 1S92]. Field, June nth, 1892, p. 801. Henry Seebohm. York S.E. York N.E. Remarks on Brandos Siberian Bunting (Emberiza chides) [and its occurrence at Flamborough, Oct. 1S87]. Ibis, July 18S9, pp. 295-296. II. Seebohm [not signed]. Turtur orientalis in Great Britain [one shot near Scarborough, 23rd Oct, 1889]. Ibis, July 1890, p. 38S. Henry Seebohm. York S.E., Cheviotland. On Some Recent Additions to the List of Irish Birds [and references to occurrence of Sylvia nisoria in Yorkshire in 1884, and of 3fuscicapa parva at Berwick-on-Tweed in 1883]. Ibis, Oct. 1891, p. 5 S 5- R. H. Sikes. York Mid W. and N.E [Extracts] from an Ornithological Diary [kept at York ; Motacilla ran, Emberiza sch nidus, and M. hi-uhris by the Foss ; Accipiter nisus, Ctndus, Alcedo, and Syi a atricapdia at Knaresborough ; Pants major and Pkytlo- 1 " — ~« .i ■■■<— — > June 1896. l68 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1892. scopus rufus at Skelton and Overton Woods ; Acrocephalus phragmitis. Passer montanus, Phylloscopus trochilus, and Troglodytes by the Fuss ; all being pbenological notes for 1889J. N.H.J., Dec. 15th, 1891, p. 176. J. Chas. Smith. Cumberland. Albino House Sparrows \ Passer domestic its'] in Cumberland [presumably near Penrith ; a few years since]. Nat., March 1892, p. 95. J no. E. Smith [Sec.]. Lane. S. [Phenological Notes by] Penketh Boys' Field Club [upon Sturnus, Turdus musicus, Charaarius pluvialis, Tinnunculus, Columba palumbus, Corvus frugilegus, and Passer do?nesticus\ N.H.J., March 15th, 1892, p. 26. J. E. S[mith]. and T. Y[oui>e]. Lane. S. [Birds noted by] Penketh Boys' Field Club [Numcriius arquata, Motacilla sulphurea, and Chrysomitris near Penketh, Corvus fntgilegus in Bold Woods, and Saxicola at Widnes ; dates given], N.H.J., May 15th, 1892, p. 57. J. E. S[mith]. and T. Y[oude]. Cheshire, Lane. S, [Birds noted by] Penketh Boys' Field Club [Ruticilla phanicurus at Moore in Cheshire, Linota rufesceiis at San key, Syrnium aluco on Chat Moss, and Crex at Penketh]. N.H.J., June 15th, 1892, p. 74. Tom Speedy. Yorkshire, Derbyshire. Weight of Grouse [{Lagopus scoticus) in various districts ; 26 to 28 oz. in Yorkshire and Derbyshire]. Land and Water, Nov. 19th, 1892, p. 538. Thomas Stephenson. York N.E. Bird-Notes from Whitby, Sept. 1890— Oct. 1891 [anent the occurrence of Larus minutus, Pernis, Botaurus stellaris, Fuligula fuligula, F. mania, Picus major, Clangula glaucion, Bernula bernicla, Limosa lapponica, Lannis collurio, and Hccmatopus ostralegus, with localities, dates, ana other details]. Nat., Jan. 1892, pp. 21-22. Douglas Stuart Steuart. Lane. S. A Brood of Pied Blackbirds [( Turdus merula) at Fallowfield, Manchester]. Z00L, Oct. 1892, p. 358. C. E. Stott. Lane. S. , Spotted Crake [Porzana maruettd] in S.W. Lancashire [several instances, with localities and dates, etc., given]. Zoo!., Oct. 1892, p. 361. R. A. Summekfield. York MidW. Birds near Ripon [being notes on Coccoihraustes vulgaris, Carduelis elegans, and Chelidon (second brood) at North Stainley]. Nat., April 1892, p. 116. James Sutton. Durham. Pied Rooks [( Corvus frugilegus) and Pied Daw (C. monedula) near Durham ; the former observable nearly every season]. Zoo!., June 1892, p. 228. M. Tail York S.W. Walton Hall [and Charles Waterton's protection of birds ; mentioning Chenalopex agyptiacus, Bernicla canadensis. Anas boschas, Querquedula crecca, Mareca, Fuligula ferina, F. fuligtda, Clangula, Spatula, Fulica, Gallinula chloropus, Ardea cinerea and Strix\ Yorkshire : Scenes, Lore and Legends [Leeds, 1888], p. 59. J. Theobold. Westmorland or Furness. Food of Wild Pheasants [Phasianus colchicus] in the English Lake District [acorns, and Polypoaium vidgare found in their crops in autumn and winter]. Field, March 26th, 1892, p. 463. J. T. Thompson. York N.E. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving dates at Great Ayton for Phytic- scopus rufus, P. trochilus, P. sibiiatrix, Hiriindo, Turdus torquatus, Cotile, Motacilla rait, Chelidon, Cuculus, Pratincola rubetra, Rutidlla ph&nicurus, Sylvia sylvta, S. curruca, S. hortensis, Tringoides, Crex, Cvpseltts, and Muscicapa grisola\ N.H.J.. Nov. 15th, 1S92, p. 135. Naturalist. bibliography: birds, 1892. 169 D. Lort Thorpe. Cumberland. Imitative Powers of the Starling [{Stunms vulgaris) as noted near Carlisle ; notes of the Oystercatcher, Curlew, Landrail, and Common Sandpiper imitated], Zool., May 1892, p. 192. John E. Tinkler. York N.W. [List of] the Avi-fauna of Arkengarthdale, Swaledale, and the New Forest [enumerating and fully annotating 122 species ; good topographical introduction ; local names, faunistic position, localities, stated for each bird]. Nat., Oct. and Nov. 1892, pp. 309-325. H. B. Tristram. York S.E. Note on Emberiza cioides, Brandt [and its occurrence at Flamborough, Oct. 1887]. Ibis, July 1889, PP- 2 93"4> an(i P Jate IO - Edgar R. Waite. York Mid W. Smews [Mergus albellus] at Newton Kyme near Tadcaster [a female, Jan. 19th, 1892, and a male also; first since one killed winter ot 1829-30]. Nat., Feb. 1892, p. 34. Edgar R. Waite. York N.W., Durham. [Birds observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Rokeby [on June 6th ; Tardus viscivorns, T. mitsicus, T. merttla, Saxicola, Pratincola rubetra, Ritticilla phanicttrtts, Erithacns, Sylvia cinerea, S. atricapilla, S. ho rt en sis, Reguhts cristatits, Phylloscopns trochilus, Ph. raj its, Ph. sibila- trix % Acrocephalus phragniitis, Accentor, Ciucltts, Parus major, -P. aeruletts, P* bntannicits, Troglodytes, Alotacilla litgubris, M. rail, Anthus pratensis, Muscicapa grisola, Hirundo, Chelidon, Cotile, Certhia, Ligurinus, Passer (both), Fringilla Calebs, Emberiza miliaria, E. citr bulla, Sturtuts, Pica, Corvus montdula, C. corone, C. frttgilegits. Alaitda arvensis, Cypselus, Accipiter nisus, Cohimba palumbus, C. anas, Phasianus, Perdix, Crex, Gallinula ckloropus, and Vanellus ; the Cypselus in Barnard Castle town, co. Durham]. Nat., July 1892, pp. 208-209. Edgar R. Waite. York Mid W. * Escapes/ with a Note on the Magellanic Goose [Bemicla magetlanica] in Yorkshire [a pair at Bishopthorpe, near York ; the * Escapes ' are Larus argent at as at Headingley and Calverley, an Australian Quail and a Golden Pheasant, at Leeds]. Nat., Aug. 1892, pp. 251-253. H. S. Ward. York Mid W. The Mild Season [noting- on Rombalds Moor, Jan. 20th, 1884, a flight of 300 * Plovers ' ; also an Ardea cinerea and Anas boschas on Lanshaw Dam]. Nat. World, Feb. 1884, p. 27. Robert Warren Cheviotland Birds on the Fame Islands [inquiring if Mr. Paynter is quite certain that the Terns which deserted their young and eggs were the Arctic (Sterna maerura) and not the Common Tern {S. /uviatilis)]. Field, May 21st, 1892, P- 741. C. S. Watson. Cumberland, * Two Swallows [Hirundo mstica] do not make a Summer' [two seen 19th March, 1892, at Br ought on, near Cockermouth]. N.H.J., April 15th, 1892, p. 48. C. S. Wat >n. Cumberland. [Birds noted near] Carlisle {Tringdides, Phylloscoptts rujus, PA. trochilus, Saxicola, 20th April, at Cote House Island]. N.H.J., May 15th, 1S02, p. 63. E. G. Wheler. Cheviotland. Marked Woodcocks {{Scolopax rusticola) ; in spring 1891 six young ones were caught in Hulne Parke, Alnwick, and marked S N 91'*: one of these was shot in the Park, Oct 31st]. Field, Nov. 19th, 1892, p. 764; Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 427. ** June 1896. 170 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1 892. J. Whitaker. Notts- Emus' Feathers in Sparrows' {Passer domesticus] Nests [at Rainworth ; the Sparrows would have 1^ miles to go for them ; nest of Turdus merit la also lined with them]. Field, Feb. 13th, 1892, p. 206. J. Whitaker. Notts. Curious Habitat for Little Grebe [( Tackybaptes jhiviatilis) ; one stayed nine days on a small pond without any cover, on the high-road, at Rainworth]. Field, Feb. 13th, 1892, p. 206. J. Whitaker. Notts. Hen Harrier {Circus cyaneits\ in Notts, [a pair about Rainworth all the winter]. Field, Feb. 13th, 1892, p. 206. J. Whitaker. Notts. Arrival of Summer Birds [at Rainworth, Notts ; Pkylloscopus rufm March 26th]. Field, April 9th, 1892, p. 508. Cheshire, Derbyshire, Lane. W., Joseph Whitaker. Cumberland, York Mid W. [Birds mentioned in] a Descriptive List of the Deer-Parks and Paddocks of England . . London . . 1892 [at p. 30 Anas boschas, Querquedula crecca, Mareca, Fit liguta fuligula, Fuligula viarila, Tadonta tadorna, Alergus merganser, Podiceps mentioned as frequenting Doddington Park, Cheshire, Phasianus in Cumberland (p. 36), Heronry of Ardea cinerea and Rookery of Corvus jrugi 'legit sin Kedleston Park, Derbyshire, at p. 41 Phasianus in Derby- shire, at p. 88 Ardea cinerea in Ashton Park, Lancashire, at p. 164-5 Phasianus, Perdix perdix, and Anas boschas in Westmorland, at p. 165 a heronry of Ardea cinerea at Dallam Tower in that county, Anas boschas, Ardea cinerea, Querquedula crecca, Gallinago ccelestis, Mergus merganser in Ripley Park, Yorkshire (p. 183), and heronry of Ardea cinerea in Crofton Park, Cumberland (p. 191)]. Review [mentioning the Heronries at Dallam Tower and Crofton] in Nat., May 1S94, p. 160. J. Whitaker. Notts. Ruff [Machetes pugnax] in Nottinghamshire [shot at Mansfield Reservoir Aug. 17th; a former occurrence at Clipstone noted]. Zool., Dec. 1892^.423. W. White. Westmorland. Arrival of Summer Birds [at Ambleside ; An thus trivial is, March 26th]. Field, April 9th, 1892, p. 508. F. B. Whitlock. Notts. Food of the Tree Sparrow {(Passer montanus) at Beeston, Notts ; various insects mentioned, as well as seeds and grain]. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 22. F. B. Whitlock. Notts. The Nightingale [Daulias luscinid] in Nottinghamshire [treated of at length ; mention also made of Aerocephalus palustris as a Notts bird]. Nat , Jan. 1892, pp. 27-28. F. R. Whitlock. Notts. Pallas's Grey Shrike [Lanius major] in Notts and Leicestershire [in Notts at Chilweli, near Beeston, one shot January]. Zool., Feb. 1 *2, p. 76. F, B. Whitlock Notts. Pallas' and Great Grey Shrikes {Lanius major and Z. excubitor) in Notts [killed near Chilweli on 2nd Jan., and at Bingham, end of Feb. 18*-, respectively]. Nat., April 1892, p. u6. F. B. Whitlock. Notts. The Nightingale {Daulias lusciuia] in Notts [at Sherwood Forest, etc., note in rejoinder to Lister Petty], Nat., April 1892, p. 118. F. B. Whitlock. Notts. Notes on the Great Crested Grebe [(Podiceps cristatus) in Notts; its swimming habits described]. Nat., May 1892, p. 140. Natur t. bibliography: birds, 1892. 171 F. B. Whitlock. Notts, Line. S. Notes from Norfolk in 1891 [including" notices of Paras britannicus or ater in Notts, and of Chelidon crossing the Wash from Lincolnshire on the 20th October]. Zool., May 1892, pp. 195-6. F. B. Whitlock. Derbyshire. irds of Derbyshire [an appeal for information]. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 246;. Field, Aug. 27th, 1892, p. 329. F. B. Whitlock. Derbyshire Birds of Derbyshire [an appeal for information and assistance in preparation of a book ; Editor gives titles of various articles on the subject], Zool., Sep. 1892, p. 331. F. B. Whitlock. Notts. The Marsh Warbler [Acrocephalus palustris] in Notts [midway between Beeston and Attenborough, heard three years ago ; Acrocephalus phragmitis also]. Zool., Sep. 1892, p. 332. F. B. Whitlock. Northumb. S. The Supposed Inter-breeding of the Merlin [Falco tcsalon] and Kestrel [F\ tinuunculus\ in Northumberland, in 1886 [at Linnshiels Loch, rear Ilarbottle ; doubts expressed and evidence offered in disproof]. Nat., Nov. 1892, pp. 34 1 -2. W. W[amuul. York N.E. and Mid W. School Natural History at York [reviewed, with mention of Far us aeruleus, Passer montanus, Turdus viscivorus* and Columha palumbus nesting at Bootham, York, and of a literary nest of Parus briianniczts at Hob Moor]. Nat., Sep. 1892, p. 279. Thomas Williamson. Cumberland. Migrant Table, No. 16, 1892 [giving dates at Allonby, Cumberland, for Saxicola, Phyiloscopus rujus, P. trochilus, Hiruttdo, Cotile, Pratincola rubitola, P. rubetra, Antkus trivialis, Motacilla rait, Ckelidon, Cuculit:^ Ruticilla pktaiicurus, Sylvia sylvia, Numenius pkteopus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Muscicapa (both), Crex, Cypselus, Sylvia hortensis, and Lanius excubitor\ N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 135. A. Wilson. W. OO D Supposed Nesting of Jack Snipe [Lywnocryptes gallinula] in Yorkshire [about six miles from Sedbergh; evidence not quite satisfactory; see editorial remarks]. Field, Oct. 1st, 1892, p. 538. York S.E. The Ruff [Machetes pugnax\ in Yorkshire [one shot at Hornsea, also- a couple of Calidris arenaria, 30th Aug., 1S92]. Field, Sep. 17th, 1892, p. 470. ■ John Wriglev. Lane. S. Bittern [Patau rus stetlaris] and Tufted Duck {Fuligula fit da] in Lancashire [killed at Formby, near Liverpool, Jan. 21st and 16th respectively; also an Anas boschas on the 16th, which weighed as much as 3 lb. 2$ oz.} Field, Jan. 30th, 1892, p. 133. [Lord] Line. N. White Woodcock [(Scofopax rusticola) in Manby Woods. North Lincolnshire ; has now a nest there with four young ones, all of the usual colour]. Field, July 2nd, 1892, p. 39. J. Baldwin Young. W nusual Site for WaLgtail[Motacilla tugubrtsfm Nest [at Stonyhurst, Lanes., ;rd Tune, 1888, in an old Yew hedse <. Field, June 2nd, 1892, p. 39. June 189 172 ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. British and European | Butterflies and Moths | (Macrolepidoptera). | By A. W. Kappel, F.L.S., F.E.S. | (Assistant Librarian, Linnean Society), \ and | W. EGMONT Kirby, L.S.A., | Authors of "Beetles, Butterflies, Moths, and other Insects." | With thirty coloured plates | by | H. Deuchert and S. Slocombe. | London : | Ernest Nister. | New York : | E. P. Dutton & Co. | Printed in Bavaria. [Quarto, no date, xvi. + 273 pages and 30 coloured plates.] The chief excellence of this work lies in the really superb execution of the coloured figures, whereby the ready identification of most of the larger species of lepidoptera is rendered a comparatively easy task for even the entomological tyro, and this volume will constitute a most useful companion to such books on our lepidoptera as the plain edition of Barrett's work now in progress. The figures are nearly all so good that we cannot single out any for special mention, and they will bear comparison w r ith those of the majority of even expensive works. The text is subsidiary and may be considered as merely an accompaniment to the plates. Many of the insects are not described at all, that is, where the figure is sufficient for identification, in which cases a brief account of the insect, its habits, metamorphoses, etc., is given. In other cases diagnoses are also given. A brief introduction gives an account of the anatomy of lepidoptera, a brief paragraph or two on development, and notes on collecting both perfect insects and larvae, rearing, setting, etc. The preface lays stress on the British species having all English names assigned to them, but we trust the authors did not find it necessary to invent any. A curious feature of the work is that the measurements of the species are given in the index instead of with the description, where it ought to be ; and a very bad feature is that the book is nowhere dated. However the excellence of the coloured figures will serve to atone for the defects of the letter- press, and in its w r hole execution and get-up the book is worthy of the fame of the Bavarian lithographer with whose Christmas cards many of us are familiar. — NOTES AND NEWS. We are pleased to see that the University of Durham has conferred an honorary M.A. degree upon Mr. Richard Howse, the able and distinguished naturalist who is at present curator of the Natural History Museum at Newcastle- on-Tyne. We hope some time to hear of the Victoria University showing a similar appreciation of the sound work which numerous naturalists in Lancashire and Yorkshire are and have been doing for many years past. At the same convocation of the Durham University the honorary D.C.L degree was conferred upon the Rev. W. H. Dallinger. Mr. Henry J. Pearson gives in 'The Ibis' for April 1896 an interesting account of the cruise of the * Saxon,' with notes on birds observed in Russian Lapland, Kolguev, and Novaya Zemlya in 1895. Naturalist *73 COUCH'S WHITING AT WHITBY: AN ADDITION TO THE YORKSHIRE FAUNA. THOS. STEPHENSOX. It gives me great pleasure to be able to make a communication respecting what, I consider, is not only a great rarity but also an addition to the Yorkshire Fauna, as I have never heard of one instance of its being seen or procured on the North East Coast previously, and no such record is to be found in Clarke and Roebuck's Handbook of Yorkshire Vertebrata. Yesterday (Jan. 13th, 1896), Pounder Robinson, jun., brought to me a small fish which he had found on the previous day (Sunday), washed up on the sand ; on close comparison with the cut, and description by Mr. Couch, contained in Yarrell, vol. 2, pp. 247-248, I have no hesitation in pronouncing it to be a small specimen of Couch's Whiting {Gadus poutassoii). It is about 6i inches long; eyes large and slightly oval; the under jaw the longest; general form of the body resembles that of the Whiting but more slender j teeth similar to those of the Whiting ; on the roof of the mouth a pair of prominent, sharp, incurved teeth ; the body ends arrow- shaped at the caudal fin ; first and second dorsal fins are about the same size and of triangular form ; third dorsal fin terminates near the caudal fin ; the caudal fin (slightly damaged) appears similar to but less than that of the Whiting ; two pectoral and two ventral fins, the latter small and slender ; first anal fin long ; second anal fin (damaged) appears to be little more than one-third the length of first anal fin and terminates closer to the caudal fin than the third dorsal fin does* Flesh rather soft. Colour of the fish approaching that of the Sand Eel {Ammodytes lanceolatus), but less green. I have had the fish placed in spirit, it being too delicate for any other method of preservation. ^ * NOTE— MOSSES. A New Yorkshire Dicranum.— I have recently gathered in two heathy Fir woods, near Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, Dicranum unditlaium Ehrh., the waved- leaved fork -moss, a species for which there is no previous Yorkshire Station. On submitting it to Mr. M. B. Slater for verification, he informs me that there are only two British stations where it has been observed, firstly, on moorland near Wool ford, Stout Valley, Warwickshire, gathered by Mr. Bagnall, May 30th, 1887. and secondly, in Dupplin and Woodhead Woods, near Perth, by R. H. Meldrum, 1891. It appears to be abundant all over the European continent, and fairly plentiful in North America. The plants were sterile and not in great quantity, growing with D. spitriitm, Hy urn ScJtrtfcri, Polytruka, and other ericetal plants. I am hoping to rind fruit during the summer, as it is usually found in tha condition during July and August.— J. T. Marshall, Pharmaceutical Chemist, Market Weighton. June 1896. 174 VARIOUS NOTES. NOTES— ORNITHOLOG Y. Flamborough Notes. — Arrivals of Migrants. — Several more of our summer visitants have arrived, and I do not remember a more favourable time for migratory birds, taking this month on the whole. The wind has been from the north-east nearly every day during the month ever since May came in. May 2nd, the first occurrence of the Whitethroat (Sylvia sylvia) ; May 4th, Black-headed Bunting (Ember iza scha niches)) ; May 6th, I saw several Redstarts (Rnticilla J>h(vnicurus), some splendid old birds amongst them. I have not this season seen one Blackstart (R. titkys), though I have been observing the birds for days. — Matthew Bailey, Flamborough, May 18th, 1896. Birds and Galls. — Last year the crop of spangle galls (Neuroterus lenticularis)^ borne upon the leaves of the oak trees was very large in these parts. In autumn, when leaves fell, the galls became loosened, and were thickly scattered on the ground below the trees. So thickly did they fall upon a certain rocky knoll near Ambleside, that the autumn rains washed them into little heaps within the crevices. Just at this spot, I one day (Nov. 25) startled a few chaffinches {Fringilla calebs), up from the ground, and on examining it, found that many of the minute round flat galls had been neatly picked open and the larvae abstracted, so that only the vegetable shell remained. This small white grub, by the way, appeared then to have lately passed into the pupa stage (the juices of the tree being no longer at its service) and though of a size scarcely comprehensible by the naked eye, made seemingly dainty food for the chaffinch. After this I was interested to note what raids were made upon it by the bird. A nomad flock of perhaps thirty to forty birds would arrive, and pitch into the top boughs of the group of bare oaks, much as bramblings will when seeking food, then, waiting till all was quiet, they would, at a signal, drop to the ground, where they all ran lightly about, seeking and picking. They came again and again, making apparently a regular beat of this ground, till galls became scarcer and scarcer, and by the end of January hardly a sound one was to be discovered. The flies therefore that will emerge in spring to lay eggs in the swelling buds will be comparatively few. That the marsh tit {Parns palustris), loves the larger grub of the cherry gall is certain, for it ranges >ur coppices when these galls are abundant, breaking open and eating ; and it seems to be the great tit (P. major) that splits open the marble gall for the same purpose. But that the chaffinch finds food also in the gall was new to me, and may be possibly so to others. — Mary L. Armitt, Ambleside, March 16th, 1896. NOTE—MOLLUSCA, Lincolnshire Notes. —During a recent visit to Louth (District No. 8 S. of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union scheme), I found two species of Helix which I had overlooked when collecting in the neighbourhood of that town, somewhat frequently, during the years 1886-7; the one. Helix aculcata, occurred among holly leaves on the borders of Maltby Wood, and the other, Helix lapicida, under a piece of bark in Grisel-bottom, in Burwell Wood. In both these woods Ctausilia rolfhii was again found in the spots from which it was reported in the Journal of Conchology in 1S87. I may mention, also, that in District No. 3 S.W., while walking from Barton-on-I lumber to South Ferriby — for the purpose of visiting Reed's Island and its rats — I collected, on the chalky road-side banks, Helix eantiana and Helix virgata, two snails which appear to be altogether absent from the Louth neighbourhood. — H. W. K.EW, March 23rd, 1896. NOTES AND NEWS. We have received the first number of *The Halifax Naturalist, 5 a journal which is to appear every two months, and to be exclusively devoted to the natural history and antiquities of the very extensive ancient parish of Halifax. The number before us deserves every commendation, and is well printed, with an admirable geological folding map of the parish, and a tastefully -designed pictorial w rapper. Naturalist, 175 SOME DIPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT, NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE Extracted from a Register kept by JAMES EARDLEY MASON, While President of the A If or d Naturalists* Society The record-books kept by the Alford Naturalists' Society during the years 1885 to 1891 are now in the possession of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union. They contain a considerable number of valuable (because thoroughly authenticated and therefore reliable) records of insects belonging to the * neglected orders/ and by the kind permission of the officers of the Union we are permitted to reproduce them as contributions towards the working out of the Lincolnshire fauna. M We therefore have pleasure in publishing the records of Diptera, which have been all verified by Mr. G. H. Verrall or Mr. E. Brunetti, to whom Mr. Mason had been in the habit of submitting specimens. The arrangement and nomenclature used in the Record Books, and adopted here, are those of Mr. G. H. VerralFs List of British Diptera, 1888. Great care was always exercised by Mr. Mason in his work, and the records are doubly initialed. The first initials — separated by a semicolon from the records — are those of the collector. The second initials — within parentheses — are those of the * determinator ' by whom the specimens were examined and identified. The initials used in this paper are as follows : — E.B. E. Brunetti. H.W.K. Harry Wallis Kevv. J.E.M. James Eardley Mason. G.H.V. G. H. Verrall. C.O.W. Charles O. Waterhouse. Mr. Waterhouse's records are not precisely localised in the register, but were all taken within the Alford Society's district, which Mablethorpe Skendleby, and South Ormesby. Fam. CECIDQMYW.F.. Cecidomyia destructor Say. Has been noted at Alford, Bilsbv. Rigsby-with-Ailby, Well, Willoughby, etc. (J.E.M.). Fam. MYCETOPHILID Acnernia nitidicollis Mg. Alford, one, female* August 3rd, 1S88; J.E.M. (G.H.V,). June 1896. t*j6 MASON : DIPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT. Macrocera fasciata Mg. Well, one, June 25th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. CHIRONOMID.K. Ceratopogon bipunctatus L. Mumby Chapel, one, female, July 31st, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Mablethorpe, one, female. August 12th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. PTYCHOPTERID.K. Ptychoptera contaminata L. R igsby, August 3 r d » 1887; J.E.M. (E. B.). Ptychoptera albimana F. Well, one, October 20th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. LIMNQBWM. Limnobia flavipes F. Greenfield, two, June 8th, 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Limnobia tripunctata F. Well, both sexes, June 27th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.j. Rhypholophus lineatus Mg. Noted as Eriothrix iineata for Alford District (C.O.W.). Trichocera regelationis L. Alford, December 2nd, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Fam. TIPULID.-K. (G.H.V.). J Pachyrrhina quadrifaria Mg. Alford, one, August 8th, 1888 ; J gigantea Schrk. Well, June 1887 ; J Tipula lutescens F. Alford, one male, June 23rd, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. STXATIQMYIDM. Sargus cuprarius L. Claythorpe, July 6th, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B). Mumby Chapel, two, July 1887 ; J.E.M,. (E.B.). Chloromyia formosa Scop. Mumby Chapel, July 1885, an< July 5th, 1888; J.E.M. (E.B.). Microchrysa polita L. Alford, two, Well, one, Tune 1887 J.E.M. (E.B.,). Actina tibialis Mg. Alford district, two (C.O.U'.i. Fam. TABANID.E. Haematopota pluvialis L. Alford, one, July 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Well, one, July 3rd, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Chrysops caecutiens L. Alford, J.E.M. (E.B.). Leptis tringaria L. Well, one, August 12th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Alford district, one (C.O.W.). Naturalist, MASON : DIPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT. 177 Fam. ASILIDM. Philonicus albiceps Mg. Mumby Chapel, one, female, July 31st, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Eutolmus rufibarbis Mg. Mumby Chapel, July 12th, 1886; J.E.M. (E.B.). Dysmachus trigonus Mg. Mablethorpe, June 1887; H.W.K. (G.H.V.). Fam. THEREVIDAL. Thereva annulata F. Mumby Chapel, July 19th, 1886 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Fam. EMPID.E. Empis borealis L. Well, June 6th, 1885 ; J Empis tesseilata F. W Empis stercorea L. \> (G.H.V.). Tachypeza nubila Mg. Junei6th, 1888; J June 25th, 1888; J J^y J.E.M Tachista July 1888 ; no initials given. romia Well, one male, June 16th, i888„ :rd, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.Y.). Fam. DOLICHOPODIDsE. Dolichopus trivialis Hal. Well, one male, June 25th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Argyra argyria Mg. Mumby Chapel, one male, July 31st, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. SYRPHIDsE. Chilosia cestracea L. Chapel, July 26th, 1885 ; J Chilosia fiavimana Mg. lucorum J.E.I July J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Well, two, June 10th and 16th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Platychirus clypeatus Mg. Mumby Chapel, August 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Platychirus manicatus Mg. Alford, one female, June 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Syrphus ribesii L. Mumby Chapel, July 25th, 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Alford, June 27th, 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Well, June J J August '•* June 1896. M 178 mason: diptera of the alford district. Syrphus bifasciatus F. Well, two, June 10th and 16th, 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Syrphus balteatus Deg. Alford district, eleven (C.O.W.). Baccha obscuripennis Mg. Rigsby, September 13th, 1886 j J campestris Mg. Well, June 5th, 1887 ; J Volucella pellucens Geoff. Claythorpe, July 6th, 1887 ; J (E.B.). Volucella bombylans L. Well, one, June 10th, 18S8; J (G.H.V.). 1 Eristalis tenax L. Greenfield, three, June 8th, 1887 ; J (E.B.). Alford, September— December, 1886; J.E.M. (. Alford district, one (C.O.W.). Eristalis arbustorum L. Rigsby, September 13th, 18: (E.B.). Mumby Chapel, August 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B Eristalis intricarius L. Mumbv ChaDel. both sexes. J J.E.M July Helophilus August 1887 ; J (no authenticator's initials). Xylota segnis L. Greenfield, June 8th, 1887 ; J Syritta pipiens L. Alford, September 1st, 188/ J June 10th and 16th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Alford district, one (C.O.W.). Fam. DEXIDAi. Thelaira leucozona Pz. Mablethorpe? one, August 18th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. SARCOPHAGIDs-E. Sarcophaga carnariaL. Alford, one, August 28th, 1888 ; J.E.M (G.H.V.). Fam. MUSCID.-E, Calliphora erythrocephala Mg. Mumby Chapel, one, July 31st, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Pollenia rudis F. Rigsby, two, April 3rd, 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.)- Alford, December 29th, 1886 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Claythorpe, July 6th, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Well, one, June 16th, 1888 ; J.E.M- (G.H.V.). Musca corvina F. Chapel, August 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Morellia hortorum Fin. Mumby Chapel, May 26th, 1885 : J.E.M. (E.B.). I* Natural MASON: DIPTERA OF THE ALFORD DISTRICT. 1 79 Cyrtoneura stabulans Fin. Alforcl, February 28th, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Stomoxys calcitrans L. Alford, one female, June 1888 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Dasyphora cyanella Mg. Alford district, locality not given, two, 1887 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). This is probably = Pyrellia lasiophthalma Mcq. (G.H.V.). Fam. ANTHOMYID.K. Hyetodesia fiaveola Fin. Well, one, June 25th, 1S88; J.E.M. (G.H.Y.). Hyetodesia basalis Ztt. Alford district, two females (C.O.W.). Spilogaster communis Dsv. Well, June 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Hylemyia coarctata Fin. Cumberworth, larvae and pupae abundant in wheat -stems, May 1889; imagos, July 1889; (J.E.M.). Hylemyia strigosa F. Alford district, one (CO.W.). Anthomyia radicum L. Mumby Chapel, one male, July 31st, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Homalomyia canicularis L. Mablethorpe, one female, August 26th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Lispe tentaculata Deg. Mumby Chapel, one, July 3 ist > l8g 8 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Fam. CORDYLURIDA Scatophaga stercoraria L. Mumby Chapel, July 26th, 1885, and August 9th, 1886; J.E.M. (E.B.). Well, June, 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Alford district, three females and two males (C.O.W.). lam. SCJOMYZ1DA Sciomyza albicostata Fin. Well, one; June 16th, 1888; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Tetanocera punctulata Scop. Well, one, June 25th, 18S8 ; J.E.M. (G.H.V.). Limnia marginata F. Sutton-le-Marsh, three, August 5th, 1885 ; J.E.M. (E.B.). Mumby Chapel, one, August 1887; J.E.M. (E.B.). Fam . MICR OPEZID. E. Micropeza corrigiolata L. Well, June 6th, 1885 ; J.E.M. Watson's Tot>. Pot., Not in H. C Polygonum Hydropiper L.f Native, Divs. 1.5.7.10.11. 13.14 Polygonum Persicaria L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.5.7-14.16.17. Polygonum lapathifolium L.t Native. Divs. 2.3.5-7.9.10 11 13.14.17 Naturalist, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK I CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 1 85 Polygonum maculatum Trim. & Dyer.f Native. Divs. 3.5. Cadney ! 1893. Gainsborough, circa 1875; Rev. R. H. Charters. Polygonum amphibium L.t Native. Divs. 1-7.9-14. 16-18. Var. terrestre Leers. t Native. Divs. 6.7.9. n (Ar. B.). Var. hirtulum Van. Bise. Div. 13. Court Leys, 1894; Miss S. C Stow (Ar. B ). Polygonum Bistorta L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.5.6.8.10.12-14.16. Polygonum viviparum L. Div. 13. Lincoln Heath, before 1746 ; Hill-Blackstone List 'Error of Hill's.' — F. A. Lees. Fagopyrum esculentum Mcench. Sown alien. Divs. 2.3.5.7. 12.13. Rumex conglomeratus Murr.f Native. Divs. 1-5. 7.9.1 1. 14. 16.17. Rumex sanguineus L.f Native. Divs. 1-4. 7-9. 14. 16. Var. viridis Sibth.t Divs. 1.2. 4.7. 8. 14. 16. Rumex maritimus L.t Native. Divs. 3.5.7.10.12-14.16.17. Often mistaken for the next species — which personally I con- sider but a trifling variety of this. Rumex limosus Thuill.f Native. Divs. 2.3. 12-14. 16-18. Rumex pulcher L. Native, I should say, for I have seen it myself, but have no note and cannot say where. Divs. 3.17. Ferriby, 1S93; Miss Firbank. Wigtoft, 6/9/1838; Rev. J. Dodsworth. He adds: 'In a dry place near a pond/ H. C. Watson saw it in 13 in 1851. Rumex obtusifolius L.t Native. Divs. 1~5.7-9.11.12.14.16.17. Rumex crispus L.f Native. Divs. 2-4.7-9. it. 13.16. 17. Rumex crispus xobtusifolius L. Div. 13. Doddington, 1893; Rev. R. E. G. Cole. But I have seen no specimen. Rumex Hydrolapathum Huds.t Native. Divs. 1.4.5. 10-14. 16. Var. latifolins Borr. Recorded for Div. 16, by Mr. W. H. Beeby, in J. of B., 1884, p. 20, but he writes to me as follows : 'This is most certainly an error; at all events, I cannot now definitely name the plant so from my early specimen, and therefore wish to withdraw the record. It appears to be a form with sub- cordate leaves — this is not uncommon. 7 12/2/ 1894. Rumex Acetosa L.t Native. Divs. 1-5.7.8.10-13.15.16. Rumex Acetosella L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5.7.S.10-14.16. Divs. 2. 10. 15. destroyed. ARISTOLOCHIACEJK. itis L.f Alien escape easi fc£ 186 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS THYMEL^ACE^. Daphne Mezereum L.t Bird-sown from gardens. Divs. 10.15. Daphne Laureola L.f Alien? Divs. 2-4.6-8. n. 12. 14.16. If introduced into a garden, it is so soon sown in the neighbouring hedges and woods that it becomes impossible to say certainly where it is a native. Rev. W. Fowler says : * No doubt native in many places.' EL/EAGNACE/E. Hippophae rhamnoides L.f Native on sea sand-hills — planted inland. Divs. 5.9. 11. Viscum album L.f Alien, but now I understand sometimes bird- sown. Divs. 2.3. 1 1. 16. SANTALACE/h. Thesium humifusum DCt Native. Div. 13. Leadenham, 1865; G. W. Burtt. Potterhanworth ! 1894; Rev. W. W. Mason. EUPHORBIACE.E. Euphorbia Helioscopia L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5.7-14.16.17. Euphorbia platyphyllos L.f Native. Div. 7. Sandy oat-field once, near Middle Rasen, 1877-79; F- A. Lees' MS. Florida y p. 18. Euphorbia amygdaloides L.f Native. Div. 16(3). In wood only. Euphorbia Peplus L.f Native. Divs. 1.3-7.9-14.16.17. Euphorbia exigua L.t Native. Divs. 1-3.6-14.16. Euphorbia Lathyris L.f Alien escape. Dirs. 2. 7. 12. 15. Buxus sempervirexs L. Always planted, and so I have made no notes. Divs. 2, 3, etc. Mercurialis perenms L.+ Native. Divs. 1-3.5-8. 10.1 1. 13. 14* l6 * Mercurialis annua L.f Garden escape ? Div. 10(3). URTICACE/E. ■ Ulmus montana Stokes.f Native? Divs. 1-4.7. 16. Not often noted; it is universally planted, I believe. It is never found in our carrs and fens in * rooting. 1 Ulmus surculosa Stokes.f Alien at first. Divs. 1-3.6.7.10.12.16. Never found under our turf bogs. Humulus Lupulus L.t Alien at first. Divs. 1-3.5-7. 10-16. Urtica dioica L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. mic carrs. Divs. 3.7 (Ar. B.) Native on Naturalist* WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK *. CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 1 87 Urtica pilulifera L. Alien. Div. 7. Bardney, 1640; John Parkinson's Theat. Bot. 'It groweth also in the streete of Bardney in Lincolnshire/ Urtica urens L.f Native. Divs. 1-5. 7.9-14. 16. 17. Parietaria officinalis L.f Native. Divs. 1.3. 5-12. 14.16. MVRICACE I-. Myrica Gale L.+ Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7. 10. 13. 14 CUPULIFERJ-:. Betula verrucosa Ehrh.f Native. Divs. 1-4.7. 8.1 1-14. Found below the turf in fens, carrs, and bogs, but rare. ' It comes up wherever Scotch Fir {P. sylvestris L.) is cut down.' — Rev. R. E. G. Cole. See Sir J. Banks, Phil. Trans., vol. 89 (1796), p. 145, and Jour. Science and Art, vol. 2, p. 244. For place- names after this tree see Rev. G. S. Streatfeild's Lines, and the Danes, 1884, p. 228. Betula pubescens Ehrh.t Alien, I imagine. Divs. 7. n. 12. Alnus glutinosa Medie.f Native. Divs. 1-3. 7.8.10-14.17. Rarely found under the turf of fens. '/ Witham, 1769. For place-names after this tree see Rev. G. S. Streatfeild's Lines, and the Danes, p. 229. Carpinus Betulus L.f Alien. Divs. 7. 1 2. 13. Corylus Avellana L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5. 7-i°- I 3- I 5- 16 - Hazel- nuts are found in our bogs, fens, and carrs. In sinking the tubes on which the Trent Bridge rests at Keadby, nuts were taken (!) from a stratum of peat a distance below the bed of the stream in mid-water. See Sir J. Banks in Jour, of Science and Art, vol. 2, p. 244. Quercus pedunculata Ehrh.t Native. Divs. 1-8.10-13. 16-18. Found in bogs, fens, and carrs. Very large trees indeed— far larger as a rule than any now to be found. They flourished most wherever the soil on which they grew was stiff and tenacious. Whenever they stood on sand they tap-rooted into the clay below. k J J. Banks, Jour, of Scien vol. 2, p. 244; L. Edwards' Witham, 1769; G. S. >treatfeikfs /} Q Div. 7. Willingham, 1877-79; Lees Castanea sativa MilLt Planted alien. Divs. 1.2.10-13. HMHVp*- ** June 1896. 1 88 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK ! CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Fagus sylvatica L.f Native, I believe. Divs. 1-5. 7.8. 10-13. 1 In bogs, fens, and carrs.' — Sir J. Banks, Jour, of Science and Art, vol. 2, p. 244. But I personally have not seen it or heard of its being found in peat. See G. S. Streatfeild's Lines, and Danes SALICINE^E. This order has not been worked systematically throughout the county. Casual notes made by half a dozen of our best workers are all the material I have to put together for this list. The specimens to hand are not named, for being a poor and unrepresentative collection I have not cared to send them to a specialist. Salices are found rarely in the peat of our fens, but the species, I believe, have never been determined. See E. Oldfi eld's Wainfleet, 1829, p. 5 of Appendix ; J. C. De Serra, PhiL Trans., 1797, p- *45J Sir J- Banks, Joiirn. of Science and Art, vol. 2, p. 244. I have not a particle of evidence that any species of Populus has ever been found in peat. * Salix triandra L.f Native. Divs. 8.15. Herb. Brit. Mus. Salix pentrandra L.t Native. Divs. 1-4.8. n. Salix fragilis L. Native. Divs. 1.6. 7.9.12. 13. ' In many places; general though occasional. ' — F. A. Lees. Salix alba L.f Native. Divs. 1.4.6-8. 12. 14. In Div. 14, Haver- holme Priory Park, the largest known tree in England of this species grows. See J. Whitaker's Deer Parks, 1892, p. 95. Salix cinerea L.t Native. Divs. 1-4.6-9. 12. 13. Var. aquatic a Sm. Div. 12. Skirbeck Hundred, 1856 ; P.Thompson. Salix aurita L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.7.10.11.13. Salix Caprea L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.7.8.10-12.16.17. Salix repens L.f Native. Divs. 1.2. 5. 7. 10.12. 13. forma pro strata Sm. Div. 7. forma ascendens Sm. Divs. 5.10. forma argentea Sm. Divs. 2. 5. 7. 10. 13. Salix repens x aurita* Div. 7. Lane near firwood, adjoining * Nova Scotia Common, near Market Rasen, 1877; F. A. Lees in B.R.C. (S> ambigua Ehrh.). Salix viminalis L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.4.5. 7-9.12. 16. Salix viminalis x Caprea. Native. Divs. 1,12.15. Herb. Brit. Mus. Var. acuminata Sm. Div. 15. Rev. W. Fowler's MS. Salix clauca Sm. Div. 1. Isle of Axholme, 1815; : W. Peck. A mistake, I believe. Natural^ 189 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT HACKFALL AND TANFIELD. B. M. SMITH, Hon. Secretary of the Ripon Naturalists' Club and Scientific Association. The opening excursion of 1896 was made to Hackfall, Tanfield, and along the banks of the river Ure to Ripon. The excursion was decidedly a very great success. Saturday morning, April 18th, found the quiet little railway station at Ripon inundated by disciples of the hammer, vasculum, net, and camera. Though comparatively early in the day, a very good muster assembled. As the train steamed out of Ripon station attention was directed to the most recent of the many curious circular subsidences which abound for many miles on each side of the river Ure. Only a passing glance could be obtained of this * freak of nature/ and a mental note made to visit it upon the first opportunity. A more charming day could not have been chosen for seeing this picturesque locality in the early spring. Though far too early in the year to find many of the most interesting species which the district possesses, yet enough was seen to tempt a closer acquaintance with it later on in the year. Sycamores were resplendent in foliage ; so also was mountain ash, while oaks and beech were just beginning to bud. Upon arriving at Tan field some of the visitors, intent upon seeing Hackfall, at once began the five-miles tramp, while the remainder diverged to an old disused quarry north of the river, where Ranunculus auricomus and Viola hirta, with a few more botanical tit-bits, soon rewarded their industry. Returning from this quarry, a move was made to the old church and churchyard of Tanfield, in the walls of which could be seen Saxifraga tridadylites, Linaria cymbalaria, and Sedum dasyphyllum, along with Aspknium ruta-?nuraria. It was necessary to walk up the village, with the lovely tittle gardens just beginning to show what they can do under the com- bination of sunshine and shower, and the botanists were not slow Sedum Helleborus viridis and Vinca minor, a A little higher up the road and into the pastures, where was seen sight such as many had never seen before. The hedge-bottom » one mass of Helleborus viridis, strong healthy plants in full June 1896, I90 SMITH : YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. flower, with other kindred spirits like Mercurialis perennis and Vinca minor, and the field boundaries were covered with the graceful, drooping flowers. Mr. T. C. Heslington now conducted a party by the river-side, where vasculums were often in request to receive one of the many plants so profusely scattered on the banks. Additions were made to the party when the noon train arrived, and a few stragglers who had been 'all round the village' helped to make up a party of thirty, which now commenced to walk to Ripon by the banks of the Ure. Myosotis palustris, Viola canina, Primula veris, P. clatior, Adoxa moschatellina, Bryonia dioica, etc., were now to be seen in abundance, while in the river-side pasture and orchard belonging to Mrs. Hammond and son, as well as on the side of the mill-stream, were tufts of Helleborus fcetidus, Aconitum napellus^ and Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. It was a pleasure to see that these plants w r ere not carelessly or ruthlessly plucked, but left to bloom, a kind of admiration which is highly commendable. Over the little two-plank bridge connecting the two river-banks, and made especially for the convenience of the mill proprietors, the whole party now proceeded, noting a Tree Creeper (Certhta familiaris) en route, as well as an abundant profusion oi primroses. The walk to Ripon was over the meadows, cornfields, or pastures which skirt the river, and now and again a sandy willow garth, where were found Helix itala and other shells, but all dead, as well as a Waterhen on her nest. After some two hours 7 walk the party came to the red marly cliffs which hang abruptly by the Ure side, and in which were curiously twisted and contorted bands of fibrous , psum. A camera now came into requisition, while the remaining members of the party journeyed on to examine other similar gypsum sections, which all occur within a length of about one hundred yards on the exposed face of the river-bank. The plantations seemed as though covered with snow, so plentiful were the blossoms of Primus spinesa, while the ground and feathered game manifested their dislike to being disturbed. The heat and toil of the long march necessitated pushing forward to Ripon by the shortest possible route, and getting on to the high- road near the Bishop's Palace the party were soon making the best of their way into the North road, whence an easy walk brought them to the Market Square and the Studley Royal Hotel The party to Hackfall had the pleasure of a delightful walk over the field path to Mickley, where there is one approach to the grounds of Hackfall, to which Lord Ripon had kindly granted free admission to members of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. Naturalist, SMITH: YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. I9I Wild flowers were growing in luxuriant profusion, especially Viola canina, white variety. Anemone nemorosa. Primula veris, Myosotis palustris, and many of the ferns were just pushing themselves into notice. Geologists observed the parallel terraces on the banks of the river, and compared notes as to the probable cause and length of time since the formation. Three-thirty p.m. came all too soon and the conveyance was waiting, so entering it, with the exception of one who came to the place of rendezvous too late and had to tramp the entire road to Ripon, all gladly availed themselves of the welcome lift to the city of one thousand years' history. A divergence was made on the road home at Ripon Parks, to view the beds of gypsum before mentioned. The cathedral clock was on the stroke of 5 p.m. before all assembled at the Studley Royal Hotel for a welcome tea, a part of the day's proceedings most heartily enjoyed. Aftea tea, the members adjourned to the Museum in Park Street, the home of the Ripon Naturalists' Club, where, in the grounds under the shadow of mighty old oaks and beech, the sectional meetings were held. The general meeting was held in the lecture room of the Museum, for the cold eastern breeze reminded us that April was still present. Mr. H. Crowther, F.R.M.S., President of the Conchological Section, occupied the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were taken as read, and the roll having been called, it was found that the following fifteen societies were represented, viz., Liversedge, Bradford, Leeds (4), Malton, Halifax, Ripon, Darlington, Harrogate, Thirsk, Scarboro' (2), and Huddersfield. The following new members were also elected: — Mr. F. >*. Priestley and Rev. H. N. Hind, M.A., both of Liversedge, J J Thanks were then voted to Lord Ripon, and the other landowners and farmers, for kindly granting permission to walk over their land. Rev. E. P. Knubley/M.A., in proposing the vote, referred to the absence of Mr. Farrah owing to the serious illness of his wife, and also of Mr. Pratt, M.R.C.V.S., from ill-health, with a suggestion that the sympathy of the meeting be conveyed to them. Mr. J. \V. Addyman, B.A., seconded, and referred to the kindness shown during the day to all by Mr. T. C. Heslington, who, despite his three score years and ten, had nevertheless walked the whole day, June 1S96. 1 92 SMITH : YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. pointing out everything of interest, and putting himself to an amount of physical exertion that would have taxed many a younger man. The sections were then called upon to report the result of the day's work. For the Vertebrate Section, its President, Mr. T. H. Nelson, M.B.O.U., reported that observations were made along the walk from Tanfield to Ripon by himself and the Rev. E. P. Knubley, M.A., assisted by Col. I'Anson of Howe, and his two sons. Thirty species of birds were noted. The Residents noted were 25, as follows, those marked * being ♦Missel Thrush. Long-tailed Tit. ♦Rook. *Song Thrush. Pied Wagtail. Jackdaw. ♦Blackbird. Skylark. ♦Magpie. Hedge Accentor. Yellow Bunting. Ring-dove * Redbreast. * Chaffinch. Pheasant. Wren. House Sparrow. Partridge. Tree Creeper. Greenfinch. ♦Lapwing. Great Tit. ^Starling. *Carrion Crow. ♦Waterhen. One Winter Migrant was noted, the Fieldfare. A small flock was seen near the mill at Tanfield; and on the following day Mr. Nelson saw a large flock of nearly two hundred birds in a field on Col. F Anson's property, at Howe, between Ripon and Thirsk. It was too early for many summer visitants, but four were recorded, the Chiff Chaff, Martin, Sand Martin, and Common Sandpiper. Of mammals were noted the Hare, Rabbit, Hedgehog, and Mole ; and of Fishes, the Stickleback, Roach, and Grayling. The Conchological Section was reported for by its President, Mr. Henry Crowther, F.R.M.S. Other conchologists present were John Braim, W. C. Clarkson, Wm. Cash, F.G.S., James Ingleby, B. M. Smith, and W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. A fair days work had been done, Helix lamellata being observed in abundance m Mickley Woods. The species noted were 7 slugs, 20 land and 3 freshwater forms, viz. : — Arion titer, A. subfuscus, A. hortensis. Umax maximus, £. marginatus (arborum), Agriolimax agnstis, A. l&vis, Vitrina, Hyalinia alliaria, H nitidula, H. jnlva, H. crystalline^ Bnlimus obscurus, Pupa cylindracea, Clausilia bidentata (rtigosa\ CI. laminata, Helix nemoralis, H. horte?isis, H. lamellate, H. arbustorum, H. aspersa, H cantiana, H granulate, H rufescens, H. concinna, H rotundata, H itala, Limtuea truncatula, Neritina fluviatilis (Yore at Hackfall), and Pisidium amnicum (do.). Naturalist, SMITH : YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. l 9$ Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, who represented the Entomological Section, furnishes the following :— The Entomological Section was not adequately represented ; much good work might have been done in spite of the early date, which was the excuse put forth, had more workers been on the ground. Two Butterflies only were seen ( Vanessa urticce and Pieris rapce) and one Moth {JLupithecia abbreviata). The writer noted a few Beetles. Byrrhus pilula was seen on the surface of a pond near Mickley, and four specimens of Geotrupes stercorarius were observed on the wing at the same place, in brilliant sunshine at noon. The following list calls for no further remarks : Carabus violaceus L. Xebria brevicollis F. Pterostichus niger Schall. Pterostichus vulgaris L. Pterostichus strenuus Daws, Calathus cisteloides Pz. Anchomenus dorsalis Miill. Leistus spinibarbis F. Bembidium littorale 01. Ocypus olens Miill. Silpha rugosa L. Silpha atrata L. Byrrhus pilula L. Aphodius fimetarius L. Aphodius punctato sulcatus S. Aphodius contaminates Herbst Aphodius rufipes L. Aphodius ater DG. Geotrupes spiniger Marsh. Geotrupes stercorarius L. Geotrupes sylvaticus I'z. Sericosomus brunneus L. Rhagium bifasciatum F. Chry-vomela polita L. Otiorhynchus sulcatus K Mr. A. H. Pawson, who acted as Secretary of the Botanical Section in the unavoidable absence of Mr. Farrah, reported as folio W S — The country around Tanfield is very rich in spring flowers. It is an early district. The slight elevation (below 150 ft.) is favourable, and the shattered limestone rocks and light porou- moisture which often retard chilling soil part easily with the vegetation on low ground. It was also a very forward season. The Sweet Violets — which flourish exuberantly on these sandy banks, in every shade from deepest blue to purest white, filling the air with fragrance — were almost over. Gagea luiea, too, was only to be dis- tinguished by its withering leaves. This uncommon and little known flower is found in frugal sufficiency on the banks of the river and streams in this neighbourhood, usually about the flood- level ; it blooms about the end of March, before folks are much afield. Like the early buttercup, which it somewhat resembles, provident of its pollen and used to rough weather, it only opens its little umbel of flowers in the sunshine. The perianth is green on the outside, and when closed quite conceals to an unobservant eye any semblance of a flower. These floral leaves persist, turn t in ripening the fruit by performing the f with which the plant is otherwise ill funct ions of foliage-leav July .6. H 194 SMITH : YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. provided. It is interesting to note that Gagea and the rare Lloydia, two interesting genera of the Tidipece^ although they grow so sparingly with us and are so abundant in the Alps and other regions, both take from British botanists the names by which they are universally known. The plants which made the great display at this time were Wood Anemones, the Lesser Celandine, and Prim- ' a roses, a trio unsurpassed for delicate beauty, glorious colour, and gentle sweetness. Caltha, too, was glowing by every streamlet. The Hawthorn bushes, in welcome contrast to last spring, gave great promise of bloom, which has since been amply fulfilled. The tall, lax panicles of the sub-dioecious Butterbur w r ere very con- spicuous in some places on the river-banks. This plant is practically dioecious, as the male head, although it contains a few pistillate flowers, seldom produces seed. Similarly the female seems to make little use of the few staminate flowers in the centre of its disk, and probably needs the pollen of the other plant to perfect its seed. The Butterbur is ordinarily increased by its creeping rootstock, as the pistillate form is far from common. This is easily recognised by its smaller heads and filiform florets. It elongates greatly both in stem and pedicels after flowering, as it has other work to do, while the spike of the barren plant (which is stouter with larger heads and tubular florets) withers away as the corollas fade. Just outside the village of Tanfield, along the hedge-rows on each side of a deep lane, the Green Hellebore is thoroughly naturalised. It was in its perfection of bloom, and its fine digitate leaves and curious green flowers, crowded with suphur anthers and furnished with horns of nectar, could not fail to attract attention. Here again we have a persistent perianth which, having enclosed and protected the organs of fertilisation, continues to shield and nourish the fruit The Hellebore can hardly be considered native in this station, but it is thoroughly established and evidently spreading rapidly. It was formerly used as a cattle-drench, and was cultivated for the purpose. The most remarkable plant of the expedition was Htitchinsia petraa of which some dwarf specimens were found by Mr. Moss, ot Halifax. This little mountain herb is at home on the limestone rocks about Aysgarth, and its discovery here is, as Mr. Arnold Lees observes, 'an extension of its downward range, though clearly adventive, the seeds washed down from some Wensieydale ridge; another object lesson on the dispersion of plant life by rain/ There are patches of snowdrops on land below the flood-level of the Lre, but I fear that they must not be held to be indigenous. Near the Hellebore, Vinca minor was also established, and Hellehorus f&tiau the relict of an old garden, was sowing itself freely, as also trie Naturalist, SMITH : YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT TANFIELD. 195 Spurge Laurel. Sedum dasyphyllum also grows on a wall which does not enclose a garden. Indeed, the many aliens which were making themselves at home on the hospitable soil of this favoured spot was a subject of general remark. I add a list of the less common plants : — Ranunculus auricomus. Hottonia palustris. Erophila vulgaris. Ligustrum vulgare. Cochlearia officinalis. Symphytum officinale. Viola hirta. Myosotis sylvatica. Stellaria nemorum. Echium vulgare. Hypericum hirsutum. Lathrcea squamaria. Prunus cerasus. Verbascum thapsus. Primus pad us. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Pyrus malus. Orchis mascula. Chrysosplenium alternifolium. Carex acuta. Pimpinella magna. Asplenium ruta-muraria. Campanula latifolia. For the Cryptogamia Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., the President of the Botanical Section, reported that Mr. Llewellyn J. Cocks, of Harrogate, collected the following 25 species during the excursion : Ctndidotus fontinaloides Hedw. in the River Ure near Mickley ; Mnium marginatum Dicks. = M. serratum Schrad., Hackfall; M. seligeri Juratz, sterile, at Hackfall ; Seligeria setacea Hedw., Hackfall ; $, doniana Sm., Hackfall ; Glyphomitrittm saxicola (W.&M.) Mitt, Hackfall; Swartzia montana (Lamk.) Lindb. ==■ Distichium capillaceum B.&rS., Hackfall; Dichodontium pelhuidum (Stefs.) L. s Hackfall ; Pottia erecta (With.) Mitt., in limestone quarry near Tanfield station (North-west Yorkshire) ; also Georgia brownii, Fisside?is adiantoides, Dicranum fuscesans, Grimmia apocarfa var. rivularis, Pohlia albicans, Philonotis fontana, Bryum pal/ens, Anomodon vitiadosus, Climacium dendroides, Eurhynchium myosu- roides, Hypnum commutatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Hyiccomium splendens, If. loreum, Homalia trichomanoides, and Pterygophyllum lucens. All these species with two exceptions are previously known as West Riding Mosses, but the two are new records. Campy lo- stehum saxicola is mentioned by F. Arnold Lees (Flora of West Yorkshire) from Ramsden Clough, but the sole station for it there is in Lancashire. This gathering at Hackfall brings the specie- into the West Riding list ; it is a very minute plant, and may probably have been overlooked, for it is known from several localities in the North Riding. The other species, Mnium seligeri Juratz, was only S°t in a sterile state, but it agrees so well with M. seligeri by its leaf- characters that we may venture to include it as an addition. J t should be again looked for and obtained in a more perfect state *iih fruit. 196 NOTES ORNITHOLOGY. On behalf of the Geological Section one of its Secretaries, Rev. W. Lower Carter, M.A., F.G.S., reported that the geological party, under the guidance of Mr. Kirkby, of Ripon, after inspecting the ancient church of Tanfield, with its interesting monuments and Marmion s Tower, started by the field path for Hackfall. The path gave very picturesque views of the gorge of the Ure, which is beautifully wooded, and the wood anemones, celandines, and other wild flowers made the wood gay with their delicate blooms. Very little geological investigation was attempted, but the lessons of denudation exhibited in the excavation were noted. Old river terraces were noted, and at one point, near Mickley, where a little stream joins the Ure, the parallel terraces of this tributary were very plain. The bedding of the Third Grits exhibited in the gorge was fairly horizontal, and the finer flaggy beds exposed in a quarry were found to be very micaceous and false bedded. Banks of coarse detritus were exposed at several bends of the river, which were probably glacial deposits. On the return journey to Ripon a detour was taken to the banks of the Ure, where extensive deposits of gypseous marls had been dissected by the river. Several sections are shown with the marls and interbedded seams of fibrous gypsum contorted in the most violent way. The way in which bands of gypsum, widely separated, in a few feet run together at a sharp angle was very interesting, and the whole problem of the contortion of these beds is difficult of solution. Distant glimpses were also obtained of some of the pits of subsidence which lie parallel to the river course, and which are probably due to the solution of portions of the underlying Magnesian Limestone. A vote of thanks to the chairman was then passed, on the motion of the Rev. W. Fowler, M. A., in replying to which Mr. Crowther read an interesting short paper on the study of natural history in the field. * »-■■■ ~ " ■■ » -■■■■ — - - ~ ^ - -~- *■ ^ — ■■«.■ — .„ — , NO TES— ORNITHOLOG Y. Barred Warbler in East Yorkshire.— A fine adult female of Sylvia msorti* was shot last summer at Skiriaugh in Holderness, by Mr. Darley, Taxidermist* Hull. It is now in the York Museum* I understand that two or three years ago another of these very rare migrants was shot near Patrington in South Holderness. Gatke considers this species the rarest of the German warblers visiting Heligoland. In England he states that this bird has not been met with up to the date of his- work. However, four or five instances have occurred. — B. B. Haworth-Booth* Iiullbank Hall, near Hull, 9th March, 1896. The date of this interesting occurrence would be valuable. — Ed. Flarnbo rough Bird-Notes.— Dotterels (Eudromias morinellus) are very scarce this season. Mr. D. Arkii m informs me that he has only seen twenty Dotterels in a flock this year in the neighbourhood of Arram Mill. The first Swift {Cypselus opus) that I have seen this season was on June 1st, 1896 A Black Guillemot, or Puffin, has been seen by the fishermen here on the c *t, and makes them nearly wild to know what sort of a bird it is. I imagine it is the Black Guillemot {Una &}.— M a hew Bailey, Flamborough, June 20th, t89&. Naturalist i 9 7 THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA, I597(?)-i893 LISTER PETTY Ulverston. NINTH PAPER. Crithmum maritimum L. Clarke's First Record, 1548. Circa 1680; see 1889. I744« Wilson, Syn. 71. On Dunnerholme rocks, in Furness, Lawson. And repeated 1763. Marty n, Plant. Cantab., 60. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 295. On the rocks at Dunnerholme, and above Cartmel Wells, on the sea shore, growing out of the crevices of the rocks and difficult to get at, Atkinson ; and repeated in all following editions. 1805. West. Antiq. ed. Close, 377. 1839. Baxter, Phcenog. Bot. iv., 267. 1842. Evans, Furness and Furness Abbey, 2 4- 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 265. Lawson and Atkinson's localities repeated. 1857, Phytologist, 257. Humphrey Head, seen in 1805, ^ n Windsor. (Humphrey Head and Cartmel Wells are the same locality). 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1885. Baker's Flora, no. Lawson and Atkinson repeated. 1889. Westm. Note-book, 185. Extracts from Lawson's Note-book, circa 1680, ed. J. A. Martindale. Dunnerholme rocks and Harlside rocks, Lawson. Note. — Harlside is near Barrow-in-Furness. CEnanthe fistulosa L. CEnanthe aauatica R. C.F.R., 1597- 1744. Wilson, Syn. 67. 4 Close by Marshgrange ' (and a locality in West Lanes.), Lawson. 1885. Baker's Flora, 108. Lawson repeated. 1888. Westm. Note-book, 83. Lawson'- record repeated. GEnanthe C.F.R., 1690. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Humphrey Head Marsh. 1885. Baker's Flora, 108-9. • Miss Hodgson repeated. Plentiful _ . — . — v _ Rev. A. Ley. Saitmarsh ea Note.— Mr. Baker's local 1'Iumpton Marsh. CEnanthe crocata L J. G. Baker. Saitmarsh at Ulverston, A. C.F.R., 1548. [1830. Otley, Guide, ed. iv., 1 40. Grows in the Brathay and peated But query Lancashire side of the river?]. 1861. Phytologist, 237. Ditches ^tween Humphrey Head and Cartmel, C J- Ashfield. 1874. 198 PETTY: CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. In brooks, frequent. 1885. Baker's Flora, 109. Furness. Meum Athamanticum'Jacq. C.F.R., 1548. Meurn vulg [164 Groweth in many places wild in the north counties of this land, as in Lancashire and Yorkshire, yet it is planted also in gardens. 1762 and 1778. Hudson, Fl. Ang., Jackson ] eds. i.-ii., pp. 661 and 115. Lancashire frequent 1775* J Brit. PL, 118, repeated. Probably none of these in Nort 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 305. In Coniston, Furness Fells, and repeated in all subsequent editions. l8ll. Smith and Sowerby. m Eng. Bot., vol. xxxii., 2249. Native of mountainous pastures in Westm., Lancashire and Cumb. 1828. Smith, Eng. Flor., ed. ii., vol. ii., 84-5. In Lancashire. 1839. Baxter, Phcenog. Bot., iv., 314- Jackson Angeli Jacks 4 m C.F.R., 156S. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 323. c Common/ no locality 1874- J No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, no. Ascending from the shore marshes at Flookborough, J. G. Baker. Peucedanum palustre Mcench. Selenium L. CF.R., i77^- 1787. Withering, ed. ii., 281-2. 'Found in 1779 or 1780 by Mr. Seatle, at Cannon Winder, near Flookborough, Lanes., in the ditches near the sand-side not very plentiful; and I have found it round the sides of Ayside Tarn, three miles north of Cartmel, I. Hall. 'Brought to me and Mr. Crowe, when in Lancashire in 1 781, by the Rev. Mr. Jackson/ J. T, Woodward. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 293. Hall and Woodward repeated. 1800. Smith, Fl. Brit., I., 303. In Lancashire, 1801. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, IL, 367. Hall repeated. 1812. Withering, ed. v., 367-8. As before and in all following editions except 1830, ed. vii., 371-2, Hall only. 1828. Smith, Eng. FL, ed. ii., vol. 2, 97- In several parts of . . . Lancashire. 183O- Hooker, Brit. Fl- ed i., 118. Lancashire. 1835. Hooker, ed. Hi., 134-5* 183S Watson, New B. G., L, 301. Seatle and Hall repeated, but ascribed to Furness and Cartmel, 265. Shore near Bardsea, Aiton. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ■ Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 115. Ascending from the coast at Bardsea and Flookborough. J. G. Baker. turn Mollugo L. C.F.R., i57 6 - 1874 J No locality. 1885 Flora, 116. In the grounds near the railway at Grange-over-Sands. j 11 ««■» 1 Withering says that the plant was included in 1st ed, of his Botanical arrangement on the authority of J. Wallis — 4 Nat. Hist, and Antiq. of Northum- berland/ 2 vols. 4to, 1769— who found the plant under the Roman wall W. side of Shewing Sheels. Is it the first record ? Naturalist, PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 201 [Var. G. insubricum Gaud. 1842. Bab. Man., ed. i., 143. Windermere, Rev. C. A. Stevens; and repeated 1847. Ed. ii., 154. 1851. Ed. iii., 153. 1856. Ed. iv., 158. 1850. Hooker and Arnott, Brit FL, ed vi., 188-9. 188S Baker's Flora, 116. Stevens repeated. But is this locality in Lancashire? — * Windermere' is very vague.] C.F.R., 1634. Galium saxatile L. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality, Galium sylvestre Poll. C.F.R., 1762. G. pusillum Sm. 1775. Jenkinson, Desc. Brit. Plant, 14. On many mountains in the north of Lancashire. 1778. Robson, S., Flora, 151 ; repeated without acknowledgment. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, ii., 365. 4 Common in the county, Woodward.' 1812. Withering, «d. v., 245-6. Lancashire and Cumb., Woodward and Withering {fil\ 1818. Withering, ed. vi., 268. 1830. Ed vii., 223. 1835. Watson, New B. G., I., 301. 'Common, B. G.' 1850, Hooker and Arnott, cd vi., 187. County of Lancaster. 1857. Phytologist, 257. As G. montanum. Top of Humphrey Head, Dr. Windsor. 1861. Phytologist, 259, Dr. Windsor repeated. 1862. Phytologist, 259. It occurred in one place on rocky ground as I approached Humphrey Head, Dr. Windsor. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Hampsfell. 188S Baker's Flora, 116. Dr. Windsor's 1857 locality repeated. Miss Hodgson repeated. 1892. Haviland, Distrib. Disease, 377. No locality. Galium palustre L. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Var. Witheringii Sm. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Galium Aparine L. C.I \R., 1632 C.F.R., 1538. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. /Common,' no locality. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Asperala odorata L. m C.F.R., 1568. 1843. J°P lin g> Furness and Cartmel, 265. Sea Wood, Bardsea, Aiton. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ' Common,' no locality. 1874, J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. <^ Asperala cynanchica L. C.F.R., 1632. 1843. JopHng, Furness and Cartmel, 365. On the rocks at Copse Head and Humphrey Head, W. Wiison. 1857. Phytologist, 257. Dr. Windsor states he found this species on Humphrey Head in 1895. i860. 257. Dr. Windsor repeated 1869. Aspland, July 1896. 202 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1874. J. of B.> Miss E. Hodgson. Hampsfell. 1885, Baker's Flora, 1 17-18- Wilson, Dr. Windsor, and Miss Hodgson repeated. Yewbarrovv- over-Grange, and wood between Grange and Lindale, T. J. Foggitt 1 and J. G. Baker. 1892. Naturalist, 81. Miss Hodgson repeated. Reeke Hill, Cartmel, L. Petty. 1892. Haviland, Distrib. Disease, 377. No locality. Sherardia arvensis L. C.F.R., 1548. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. Fields about Hawkshead* 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Valeriana dioica L. C.F.R., 1597- 1874, J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Damp woods and swampy ground; not infrequent. Valeriana officinalis L. C.F.R., 1548. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. Moist woods ; frequent in Furness and Cartmel, Aiton and Wilson. 1861. Phytologist, 237. Road-side ditches between Humphrey Head and Cartmel. C. J. Ashfield. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. 'Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 118. * Ascending from the shore level in Low Furness.' Centranthus ruber DC. 1885. Bakers Flora, 118. Roadside near Cark station, J. G. Baker. Valeriane\la olitoria Poll. 1869. Aspland's ( A. Mason. 1874. J C.F.R., 1570- Within six miles of Grange, Hodgson, Furness shores, not infrequent. 1885. Baker's Flora, 1 18-19. ^^ ss Hodgson repeated. A form with hairy fruit at Humphrey Head, Chas. Bailey. dentata Poll C.F.R., 1804. B., Miss E. Hodgson. Cultivated fields in Furness. Valerianella dentata Poll. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. 1885. Baker's Flora, 119. Miss Hodgson repeated. Dipsacus sylvestris L. C.F.R., 153 8 1843, Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. About Ulverston^ Aiton. 1874, J White Ghvll Wood, near Ulverston, the Misses Ashbumer. 1885. Baker's Flora Aiton and Misses Ashbumer repeated. -■ * Thos. J. Foggitt, b. Jan. iotb, 1S10, at Eaglescliffe, Durham, d. Dec. 29th , at Thirsk : buried Sowerby, Yorks. Chemist, first at Yarm. Later at Thirsk Meth son, W. Foggitt. Besides in * several local floras ? (or some unpublished localities in N. Lane*. Natural ist r PETTY : CONSTITUENTS Of NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 203 Scabiosa succisa L. C.F.R., 1568. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. In moist lands in Furness and Cartmel, Aiton and Wilson. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ' Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. With white flowers on the Ulverston mosses. 1885. Baker's Flora, 119. Miss Hodgson repeated. Scabiosa Columbaria L. C.F.R., 1629. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker s Flora, 120. Rocks of Yewbarrow at Grange. W. Foggitt and J. G. Baker. 1892 No locality. Scabiosa arvensis L. C.F.R., 1568. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. As Knautia, * common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Bakers Flora, 120. « Ascending to 300 yards over Coniston by the road up the Old Mao/ cannabinum L. C.F.R., 1548. onum 1830. Otley, Guide, ed. iv., 140. Near Low Wood Inn, and repeated 1834. Ed. v., 144. 1837. Ed. vi., 149. 1844. Ed. vii., 148. 1849. Ed. viii., 138. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel. 266. Old Park, Holker, W. Wilson. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. Common at Coniston, but not elsewhere. 1869. Aspland, Guide. Within six miles of Grange. A. Mason. 1874. J. of B.. Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Linton's statement not to be taken too rigidly, as he lived close to the side of the lake. No doubt he saw more at Coniston than elsewhere, but it is common in suitable places. Solidago Virgaurea L. C.F.R., 1570. Virsra Aurea 1 700 Sea coasts in Furness. 1842. Evans, F. and F. Abbey, 23. Leigh's locality peated Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. Hagg Wood, Cartmel; Wilson. 1861. Phytologist, 238. Humphrey Head; C. ]• Ashfield. 1864. Linton, La 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J Woods, frequent ; Caw Rocks, Dunnerdale Ft lis. 1885. Baker's Flora, 136. 'Ascends to 600 yards, Coniston Old Man.' Bellis perennis L. C.F.R., 1538 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality 1874. J. of B., Miss F. Hodgson. No locality. July 1896. 204 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. Aster Tripolium L. C.F.R., 1570 Tripolium. First reported by Lawson to Ray, April, 1688. 1718. Derham, Phil. Lett., 222. Isle of Walney, Lawson. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 727. West side of Walney Island, Atkinson, and repeated in all subsequent editions ; also in 1805, West, Antiq., ed- Close, 376. 1842. Evans, Furness and Furness Abbey, 23. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. Near Bardsea, Aiton, who repeats, too, LawsorVs locality. 1848. Ray's Corresp. Ray Soc, 197, et seq., Lawson to Ray in full. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Foxfield Marsh ; Dunnerholme ; Greenodd. 1885. Baker's Flora, 139. Abundant all along the Morecambe estuary from Walney Island and Bardsea past Cark and Flook- borough to Grange. First recorded by Lawson. 1888. Westm. Note-book, 84. Lawson repeated in Martin dale's Early Westm. Plant Records. Aster Linosyris Bemh. L. vulgaris. C F.R., 1813. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. 1885. Baker's Flora, 248. ( Postcript. Through the kindness of Prof. Babington I have seen a specimen gathered near Hampsfield [i.e. Hampsfell] by Mr. W. Nixon, 1 of Eccleriggs/ J. G. Baker. 1892. J. of B., 309. 'Found in the neighbourhood of Humphrey Head. A specimen sent to Nat. Hist Mus., Cromwell Road,' W. C. Worsdel. 1893. Atkinson's Guide. Included on the authority of WorsdeFs record. Erigeron canadense L. 1885. Baker's Flora, 136. On Yewbarrow, over Grange, 1872. I. Hindson. Filago germanica L. C.F.R., 1562. 1869, Aspland's Guide (as Diotis by mistake). Within six miles of Grange. A. Mason. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Jacklands, 2 Low Furness, abundant; Roosebeck. Miss M. A. Ashburner. 1885. Baker's Flora, 248. Postscript. 'The plant recorded as Diotis proves to be Filago germanica? J. G. Baker. Filago minima Fr. C.F.R., 1632. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Foxfield Marsh ; wall tops X. and S. of U I version. 1885. Bakers Flora, 135. Miss Hodgson repeated. 1 William Nixon, d. 18S9 ; buried Bardsea-in- Furness. Contributed to Svo ed. of Nature Printed Ferns, Linton's Ferns of Lake District, ed, ii., and Baker's Flora. For many years gardener to Viscount Cross, at Eccleriggs, near Broughton-in-Furness. He seems to have been much above the average gardener, being interested in many subjects beyond his duties. • For this locality see above under Iberis* _____ Naturalist, 205 WORK FOR LINCOLNSHIRE GEOLOGISTS. JOHN H. COOKE, F.G.S., F.L.S., Lincoln ; Hon. Sec to the Geological Section of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, To within a comparatively recent period but little attention of a systematic character has been given to the study of the natural history of Lincolnshire. The bibliography of the subject indicates that individuals have, from time to time, done valuable though fragmentary work, but the object seems to have been for the purpose of assisting in the clearing up of problems in connection with phenomena of adjoining counties rather than the furnishing of material for a systematic and complete account of the natural history of Lincolnshire. The first serious attempt to carry out a thorough,, scientific investigation of the county's rocks was made in 1885 by the Geological Survey, and since then the work has been supple- mented by the efforts of several distinguished members of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union in the botany, entomology and conchology of the district. Already the influence of the Union is making itself felt, for there are now but few townships in the county that have not organised classes for the methodical study of one or more branches of natural history. Geology, especially, is being enthusiastically taken up ; and at Lincoln, Grimsby, Grantham, w classes have been formed that are doing useful work both in the field and in the laboratory. I have upon occasions been appealed to by those who, having mastered the elements of the study of rocks, desired to apply their knowledge in some practical form to the geological phenomena of the districts in which they dwell ; and it is to assist these would-be workers that I now propose briefly to indicate how they might utilise their energies to the best advantage by gathering material for the working out of some of the problems in the geology of the county. But before proceeding to indicate the nature of the problems I would observe that it is not necessary to go far afield to put one's knowledge in practice, for applications of the main principles of geological science are to be found at our very doors embodied in the most common associations and surroundings of every-day life. The rain-gullies in the Wok and Lowlands, the sand-hills, the way side ditches, the very stones with which our streets are paved all afford observational data sufficient to enable us to deduce some of the loftiest generalisations of the science. An examination of the escarps along the valley sides, the quarry faces, and the drains will July 1896. 206 COOKE : WORK FOR LINCOLNSHIRE GEOLOGISTS. show that the greater part of the rock of which they are composed is made up of the fossilized remains of creatures of a most varied character. In the marine beds are to be found the remains of cephalopods, corals and shell-fish intermingled with the bones and teeth of sea-monsters such as could only have existed in the waters of salt-oceans of considerable extent ; and they offer both in the creatures entombed in them, as well as in their structural pecu- liarities, unequivocal evidences of their origin, and of the physical conditions under which they were formed. And then passing on to the integument of Boulder Clays, agglomerates, breccias, loams and old river-gravel with which many parts of the surface of the county are covered, we see in their fauna or the physical features that they exhibit, evidences of the vicissitudes of changes in climate, in topography and in animal life which Lincolnshire has undergone in what are, geologically speaking, comparatively recent times. But to pass on from the general to the particular. The problems, on which I now propose to dwell, admit of a threefold classification, viz., structural, genetic, and correlative. The first of these have to do with the stratigraphy of the region ; and they are therefore the most important. In most parts of the county no difficulty will be experienced in making out the order of succession of the rocks ; and the work will be greatly facilitated, too, by the entire absence of the complex foldings which are so common a feature in the rocks of neighbouring counties. This order has, in most cases, been made out and satisfactorily explained in the Survey memoirs ; but there still remains much that requires investigation and explanation. For example, in Dorsetshire and other parts of England where the Kimmeridge and the Oxford Clays are largely developed, these two beds are separated by a series of grits and limestones, known as the Corallian. In Lincolnshire this series appears to have no representative in the northern portions of the county, as around Brigg and Wrawby the Upper and the Lower Oolites are found merging the one into the other; but the evidences do not appear to be so conclusive in the sections that occur from Bardney to Horncastle. The determination of the line of demarcation between these two formations is rendered the more interesting by reason of the marked absence of any lithological differences between them ; and therefore in most cases lithology has to be ignored and dependence placed on the two oysters Ostrea deltoidea and Gryphma dilatata, which respectively serve as the characteristic fo ils of the two formations. This is a most interesting point, and further researches in other parts of the county would no doubt help to throw more light upon it. Naturalist, COOKE : WORK FOR LINCOLNSHIRE GEOLOGISTS. 207 Another problem, similar to the preceding, is the determination of the line of demarcation between the Kellaways Rock and the Cornbrash. In the adjoining counties these beds are separated by Shales or by Clays. In Lincolnshire the dividing line has been traced, but the character of the argillaceous beds that occur at that horizon has not been ascertained. The sections in the neighbourhood of Sudbrooke Holme, Metheringham, Bishops Norton, and Brigg afford an opportunity for the investigation of this point. The origin of the Upper Sands, and of the Carstone and its fossils, offer themselves as interesting problems. These beds are well developed in the cutting at Donington, and along the Wolds from Claxby to Cawkwell. Are the materials and the contained fossils derivative or indigenous ? and if the former, whence were the materials and fossils derived ? The Spilsby sandstone and the determination of its derived fossils, as well as the tracing out of sections shewing the nodule bed which invariably occurs at its base, leave mueh*to be desired. Good work, too, might be done around Gainsborough in distinguishing between, and mapping out, the estuarine and the eolian sands that occur so plentifully in the alluvium of the Trent valley ; and in the north of the county in studying the lithology and fossil contents of the superficial clays of the Ancholme Valley, for the purpose of determining whether they be true Oxfordian or of Glacial origin. But there may be many members* who have neither the time to devote to, nor the opportunities for, the carrying out methodical work such as the satisfactory solving of problems like the preceding would necessitate. They, however, might be the means of greatly assisting others by the careful recording of the geological details of any new drains, wells, or quarries that may be opened in the Glacial Period known as erratics. In Yorkshire the systematic study of this valuable phase of geological history has been carried on for some years ; in Lincolnshire it is but just being initiated. On the broader questions of the correlation of the Lincolnshire rocks with the rocks of other districts I do not now propose to dwell. The data at present available for such comparisons are insufficient for utilisation with any degree of accuracy. Such questions as the synonymity of the Lincoln Carstone and the Norfolk (Hunstanton) Limestones must be allowed to remain in abeyance until all available evidences bearing upon their lithology, palaeontology and stratigraphy have been collected. By the collection and systematic arrangement of definitely ascertained facts, such as these that I have just indicated, our local geologists might be of real service to the cause of Natural History. But while urging them to give their assistance to this work, I would at the same time point out that records of this kind should not be their ultimate aim and objects They should make themselves en rapport with the philosophy of their subject, 9 and endeavour to keep themselves in touch with all new discoveries and theories appertaining to it. NOTES— COLEOPTERA. Pyrochroa serraticornis near Ripley. — A specimen of this insect taken at Markington, near Ripley (Yorks. ), by Miss Roebuck on June ist, has been forwarded to me. I find according to Fowler that there is no record of its occurrence from Ireland or Scotland, but that it is common in the midlands and south. Does any reader of the - Naturalist ' know whether it has been taken further north than the present record? — Leonard Hawkesworth, Bolton Woods, Bradford, June 13th, 1S96. Acanthocinus asdiiis near Barnsley. — A very fine female of this species was sent to me alive on the 1st May from one of our collieries, and an equally hne male, also alive, was received from the same source on the 1st June. The former possessed the power of stridulation in a very marked degree, but I was unable to induce the male to display it if he possessed it. The means by which stridulation is produced in this species is by rubbing the bases of the thorax and elytra against each other, — E. G. Bay ford, 2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley, June 4th, 1896. NOTE— MOSSES. Bryiim murale Wils. in the East Riding. - 1 have lately discovered this interesting moss near Goodmanham, growing on a clay bank. The site is different from that usually given in the text books, viz., in mortar of old walls. There is some doubt as to whether it has been recorded for Yorkshire before. Mr. Slater has the impression that it was gathered by Mr. Hobkirk in the Malham district. It is certainly new for this Riding, and I have added it to Dr. Parsons' list. It ^ closely allied to Bryum erythrocarpwn^ and in Schimpers synopsis is given as var. mitrontm of that plant. It is widely distributed in Britain, for besides several stations in the midland and wester counties, there are Scotch and Vt sh -J. J. Marshall, Pharmaceutical Natural^ records, and it has also been found at Killarney Chemist, Market Weigh ton. 211 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. The present instalment is compiled and edited by WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. The previous instalments of the Bibliography of Lepidoptera have appeared as follows : For 1884, in 'Naturalist/ July and Aug., 1885, pp. 285-292. 1885, 6, 7, „ Feb. and March, 188S, pp. 58-78. 1888, „ Sept. and Oct., 1890, pp. 279-299. 1889, „ May and June, 1891, pp. 157-165. 1890, „ June and July, 1893, pp. 177-202. 189T, „ Oct. and Nov., 1894, pp. 3°5-3 2 5- •? 11 ** 11 The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are the following, as named and numbered in the Watsonian scheme : 53, Lincoln S. ; 54, Lincoln N. ; 56, Notts; 57, Derby; 58, Cheshire; 59, Lancashire S. ; 60, Lancashire W. ; 61, York S.E. ; 62, York N.E. ; 63, York S.W. ; 64, York Mid W. ; 65, York N.W. ; 66, Durham ; 67, Northumberland S. ; 68, Cheviotlnnd ; 69, West- morland with Furness ; 70, Cumberland; and 71, Isle of Man. Axon, [not signed]. Notts. am June 4th to 7th, 1892 ; captures included Eupcria fulvago (many larvae), Notodonta trepida, and Eurymene dolahraria\ Midi. Nat., July 1S92, p. 167. Anon, [not signed]. York S.W. Naturalists of the Day.— VII.— George Taylor Porritt, F.L.S., F.E.S., etc. [and his captures at Hudxlersfield of Cuiaria suffumata var. porritiii, dark race of Arctia mendica, a black form of Boannia repandata, and a black Poliajlaiict. 15th, 1S92, p. 109. and N.E. a *on. [j ned c E c ^ V] York S.E. Colias Edusa [at Langwith Wood, Sep. 13th, and at Bcotham *ep. i6ih]. N.HJ., Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 120. T * Acton. Aplecta nebulosa var. robsoni [eight bred this Warrington]. Eat Kec, Aug. 15th, iS *, p. t?& Cheshire. 2i2 bibliography: lepidoptera, 189 Robert Adkin. York N.E. and S.W. On the Recent Abundance of Plusia gamma and Vanessa cardui [at Rotherham, Scarborough, and numerous other localities, discussed]. Ent., July 1892, pp. 159-162. J. Ark i.e. Cheshire. Arctia caja [detailed account of experiments in breeding from Chester larvce]. Ent., March 1892, pp. 57-62. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Notes on the Early Moths [near Chester ; captures of Phigalia, Hybernia rupicapraria, Nyssia hispidaria, Orgyia antiqua, Cloantha sohdaginis, Hybernia leucopluearia (several varieties described), and H. progemviaria, some at Delarnere Forest, given in detail]. Ent., May 1892, pp. 122-123. J. Arkle. Cheshire. [Detailed] Notes on the Early Moths [about Chester and Delarnere Forest ; dates given as to Hybernia leucophaaria, H. progennnaria, Am- sopteryx ccscularia, Nyssia hispidaria, Phigalia, Tortricodes hyemana, Brephos parthenias {first record for Delarnere), Latentia rnultisttigaria, Asphaha jlavicornis, Arctia caja, Pieris rapce, Tephrosia biundularia var. delamerensts, Ttcniocampa instabUis, T, opinia, T. gothica, Nyssia zonaria, and Diurnea Jagella, from March 15th to April 21st]. Ent., June 1892, pp. I45"7« J. Arkle. Cheshire. Plusia gamma and Vanessa cardui at Chester [extraordinarily abundant in 1892]. Ent., July 1892, p. 164. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Delarnere Forest Forms of Hybernia leucophaearia [one named by R. South as I, typical ; 2, var. marmorinaria Esp. ; 3, intermediate ; and 4, parallel to var. fuscata of PI. progemmaria\ Ent., July 1892, p. 164. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Whit- Monday [6th June, 1892] in Delarnere Forest [with captures of Thecla rubi, Satumia carpini, Anarta mvrtilli, Geometta papiltonaria, Heliodes arbuti, and Plusia gamma\ Ent., July 1892, p. 169. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Larvae of Vanessa cardui at Chester [first time noticed as larvae] Ent., Sep. 1892, p. 221. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Abundance of Uropteryx sambucaria and Timandra amataria [near Chester]. Ent., Sep. 1892, p. 222. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Sugar at Chester [at Curzon Park, July 4th and nth, 1892; moths taken included A gratis exdamationis, octua augur, Trip/ucna pronuha r T, or bona, Xylophasia polyodon, X. hepatica, Mamestra furva (?), Caradnna blanda, A crony eta r urn ids f A. psi, Spilosoma lubricipeda, Minna strtgtlu (type and three form> of var. ccthiops), AT. furuncula, Ifadena oleracea, H. pi si, Xyi aphasia lithoxyka* N octua plecta, N. /estiva, Mania tj , Tortrix corylana, Acidatia aversata, Xanthosetia zagana, Leucania conigt™* N. (^nigrum, N. triangulum, and Camptogramma bilineata\ Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 24S. J. Arkle. Cheshire.^ Colias edusa . . in England * . Cheshire [at Delarnere Forest ; also Vanessa atalanta, Plusia unma, and Ifadena protea, Sep. IJPth, i^9 2 J* Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 276. J. Arkle. Westmorland and Furness Notes from the North- West Counties [Vanessa urticw, Ej lephile j antra* Lyi -ia alexis, and Eubolia tnemuraria abundant along the river embank- ment between Gra; e and Witherslack, July 23rd, 1892; Tortrix rufan^ Naturalist,, bibliography: lepidoptkra, 1892* 213 Gnophos obscurata, Anaitis plagiaia, Cramhus false Hits, C. inqitinatellus, C. wlasellus, an Argynnis (probably a?laia), Eupithecia pulchellata, Tanagra ckaropkyllata, Euthemonia russula,Nemeophilaplantaginis, Anarta myrtilli, Hyria auroraria, Acidalia fit mat a, Carsia imbittata, Phycis carbonariella y Mixodia sdiulziana, Cmionympha typhon, Ematurga atomaria, Cr ambits margaritellus, Eupithecia constrictata, Lycuiia ages t is v. salmacis, and Vanessa io, at Witherslack]. Ent., Dec. 1892, pp. 317-8. J. Arkle. Cheshire. Male versus Female Moths at Light [at Chester gas-lamps ; comparative numbers of the sexes in Pacilocampa populi, Neuronia popular is, Asteroscopus sphinx (cassinea), Ennomos tiliaria, and Himera pennaria ; males far out- number females]. Ent., Dec. 1892, p. 320. J. Arkle. Cheshire, Arctia caia : Second Brood of Larvae [at Bumper's Lane, near Chester, June 21st, 1892]. Ent., Dec. 1892, p. 320. Alfred E. Backhouse. Cheviotland. Clouded Yellow (Colias Edusa) [one caught at Bamboro', August 1892]. N. H.J., Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 120. J. W. Baldwin. Lane. S. or W. Vanessa cardui [larvae in abundance on the * West coast ' of Lancashire]. Brit. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 175. Chas. G. Barrett. Notts. Hesperia lineola in Nottinghamshire [one in coll. J. N. Young was taken by him in 1880 on the Clumber Estate]. E.M.M., Oct. 1886, p. 267. C G. B[arreti]. Derbyshire, Lane. S. Amphidasis betularia, var. Doubledayaria [has its special home in the hill districts of Derbyshire, Lancashire, and the adjoining counties, where it steadily increases in proportionate numbers]. E.M.M., i-eb. 1892, p. 48. C G. Barrett. Cumberland. [Exhibition of Melitaea aurinia (artemis) from various counties, including Cumberland]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., May nth, publ. June 1892, p. xx. ; E.M.M., June 1892, p. 168; Ent., June 1892, p. 148; Brit. Nat., June 1892, p. 130. C. G. Barrett. York S.W. Exhibition of Sheffield forms of Polia chi]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., Oct. 13th, 1892; Brit. Nat, Nov. 1S92, p. 2 j8 ; Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 296: E.M.M., Dec. 1892, p. 314. C. G. Barrett. Lane. S. or Cheshire. [Exhibition of dark varieties of Acronycta leporina, bred by J. Collins, of Warrington]. Proc. Ent. Soc Lond., Nov. 2nd, publ. Dec. 1892, p. xxx. ; also Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 268: Ent., Dec. 1892, p. 323 ; Brit. Nat., Dec. 1892, p. 260; E.M.M., Dec. 1892, p. 315. South Lond. Ent. Soc, Nov. 24th, 1892; Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 312. Holmes Baxter. Lane. W. Notes of the Season.— . . St Anne"s-on-Sea [anent occurrence of TtnitQcampa gracilis, T. opima, T. goth'ua, T. stahilis, T. instafili , Pa - nobia rubricosa, Calocampa exokia, A gratis suffuse Dicranura v inula, Bombyx lalliuue, B. rubi, and Ardiafu -nasa]. Ent. Rec, June 15th, 1892, p. 130. H. A. Beadle. Cumberland. A Day on the Cumberland Mountains [from Vale of Borrowdaie, 2Ist June, 1892: Jodis ladearia, Vanessa atalania, A ynnts euphr Scoparia basistrigalis, Erebia cassiope (eighty taken. -,200 ft. 3\t.)> Mixodia schu/zuma, Cramhus furcatellus, C. pratellus, elantppefluctuata^ Emmelesta minarata, Nemeophila plantaginis, Cramhus ptr kilns, C. hortuellus, C. mar- - July 1896. 214 bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. garitellus, Emiychia cingulalis mentioned as captured, with details]. Ent. , Sept. 1892, p. 219; abstract as to E. cassiope, Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, p. 196. G. Booth. Furness. !■ Attractiveness of Flowers to Moths [as observed at Grange-over-Sands ; Spur valerian found the most attractive, having attracted Chierocanipa por- cef/us, Uraptetyx, Pumia, Odontopera, Boannia repandata, B. rhomboidaria, Acidalia bisetata, Ligdia adustata, Larentia didymata, Hypsipetes elutaia, Melanippe sociata, M. montanata, Scotosia dubitata, Cidaria ntssata, C. immanata y An ait is plagiata, Leucania comma f L. pattens* Xylophasia rttrea* A\ lithoxylca, X. polyodon, Mamestra brassicw, Apamea basitinea, A. ocnlea. Miana strigilis, Caradrina cubictdaris , A grot is segetitm, A, ex- clamationis, A. corticea* Tripkcena jantkina y 7\ orbona, T. pronuba, Noctua triangiilum, N. xantJiographa, Folia cki, Euplexia, Hadena dentina, H. oleracea, H. pisi, Citcallia nmbratica* Plusia chrysitis* P. iota* P. v-aureum, P. gamma, and Amphipyra tragopogonis\ Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 17. Geo. A. Booth. Westmorland and Furness. Notes of the Season. — . . . Grange-over- Sands [Colias edzisa in numbers, Cynthia cardtti very abundant]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 237- Geo. A. Booth. Furness and Lane. W. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 . . Lancashire [upwards of 60 at Grange, and many at Arnside ; Vanessa cardui also very common]. Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 280. Harry B. Booth. York Mid W. or S.W. Notes from West Yorkshire [anent commonness of Vanessa cardui and Tkecla rubi\ Garner, Sep. 1st, 1888, p. 189. J. W. Boult. York S.E. Notes of the Season of 1891 . . Hull [mentioning capture of Agrotis ravida at sugar by Mr. Hame]. Ent. Record, Feb. 15th, 1892, p. $$• L. S. Brady. Durham. The Sallows at Castle Eden Dene [and Horden Dene produced Tceniocampa stabilis, T. gothica. T. tnslabitis, T. tnbricosa, Ant idea badiaia, 7\ gracilis, and T. crnda\ Brit. Nat., May 1892, p. 104. Wm. B* Brady. York S.W. Pale variety of Melanippe fluctuata near Barnsley [described ; taken 23rd May, 1892]. Nat., July 1892, p. 216. Wm. Brooks. York S.W. Phigalia pilosaria [has emerged earlier at Rotherham this year 1892 ; dates given for 1889-1892 inclusive]. Brit. Nat., March 1892, p. 57- W. Brooks. York S.W. Black var. of Phigalia pilosaria [near Rotherham, March 7th, 1892]. Brit. Nat,, April 1892, p. 79. [F. J.] Buck ell. ? Cheshire or Lane. S- [Acidalia immutata is on record from Warrington], City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Sep. 1st., 1S92 ; Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 215 ; Brit. Nat, Oct. 1892, p. 217. York S.W., Cumberland, Durham, Isle of Man William Buckler. Cheshire, Notts, Line. N. The Larvae of the | British Butterflies | and | Moths. I By I (the late) William Buckler, i edited by | H. T. Stainton, F.R.S. j Vol. I. I ( lhe Butterflies.) | London: j Printed for the Ray Society. I — [ mdccclxxxa 8vo, cloth, xvi. 4-202 pages -f 17 plates -f 30 pages prospectus of Ray Society; the descriptions include Erebia cassiope, captured June 29th, 1874? on l ^ e top of Green Gable Mountain at head of Buttermere (p. 33); CanonymM davits near Epworth (p. 35), probably Thome Waste ; Poiyotumattis a X e ^: P. salmacis, and P. artaxerxes in one hatch near Hartlepool, 1877 (P- **7)h Naturalist, f bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 215 Vol II. I (The Sphinges or Hawk-Moths and part of the Bombyces.) — I mdccclxxxvil [8vo, cloth, xii. + 172 pages -f plates 18-35 + 30 pages prospectus of Ray Society; with notes on Trochilium philanthiforme from the Isle of Man, June and August, 1879 (p. 50) ; Hepialus hectus and H. velleda from Joseph Steele, of Congleton, presumably taken there (pages 52 and 54) ; Procris geryon from Hartlepool (p. 91); and Notodonta ziczac received in egg-state from G. Gascoyne, of Newark, 1857, presumably taken there (p. 152)]. Vol. III. I (The Concluding Portion of the Bombyces) \ . . J ! — I mdccclxxxix. [8vo, cloth, contains no North of England references]. Vol. IV. I (The First Portion of the Noctuae.) | . . [ . . | — | mdcccxci. [8vo, cloth, xii. + 116 pages 4- plates 54-69 -f 31 pages prospectus of Ray Society ; notes on Cymatophora fluctuosa sent by James Batty, of Sheffield, presumably taken there, 1873 (P- 2 ) » Nonag fidva sent by John Sang, and presumably taken near Darlington (p. 36) ; Hydrcecia nictitans from Mr. Hydes, 1862, presumably taken near Sheffield (p. 48) ; H, micacea sent by J. Steele and presumably taken near Congleton in 1866 (p. 52) ; Xylophasia scolopacina sent by James Batty and presumably taken near Sheffield (p. 59) : Neuria saponaritc sent by James Batty in 1866, presumably taken near Sheffield (p. 67) ; Miana literosa and M. expolita, both sent by J. Gardner, and presumably taken near Hartlepool {pp. 101 and 103) ; M. arcuosa and Cekcna haworthii sent by James Batty, 1870, presumably taken near Sheffield (pp. 106 and 107) ; Nonagria elymi from Cleethorpes, May 16th, 1871 (Expl. of pi. 60, fig. 5)]. S. J. Capper [not signed]. Cheshire President's Address [noting" IVotodonta trepida in Petty Pool Wood* Corycia temerata, Himera pennaria y and Cheimatobia boreata taken at Delamere by N. Cooke]. 9th Ann. Rep. Lane, and Chesh. Ent. Soc, for 1885, publ. 18S6, p. 7- J. W. Carr. Notts. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 [many round Nottingham, and two males near Edwinstowe, Aug. 25th and 26th]. Ent.. Nov. 1892, p. 282. W. D. Carr. Line. S. Late Sugaring in the Lincoln district [at Hartsholme Wood, near Lincoln, were taken Calocampa vetusta, C. exoleta, Phlogopkora mttiatlosa, Anchocelis pistacina, Scope! osoma sat el I it ia, Cerastis vacdnii, C spadicea, Miselia oxyacant/uc, Orthosia lota, O. macilenta, Cymatophora Jtavuornis, Hyberma leucoplucana, Phigalia, and Anaitis plagiata ; full details given of captures in Oct. to Dec, 1S91, and Mar. 1S92]. E.M.M., May 1892, p. 133. W. D. Carr Notts. Cosmia paleacea [Euperia fulvago] in Sherwood Forest [three specimens only, all worn, obtained at sugar 25th Aug., 1892]. Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 244. W. D. Carr. Notts, Line. N. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 . . Lincolnshire [near Lincoln and Market Rasen, also near Mansfield; Vanessa cardui and V. atalanta common near Mansfield]. Ent., Nov. 1S92, p. 281. John T. Carrington. Derbyshire, Yorkshire. A "Clouded- Yellow" Year [in 1892; in 1877 Colias edusa occurred in Derbyshire and Yorkshire]. Field, Aug. 20th, 1S92, p. 324. John T. Carrixgton. 'York/ A Clouded Yellow [Colias edusa] Year [at York and elsewhere] Field, Sep. 17th, 1892, p. 47°- J. W. Carter. York s - w - Acherontia atropos near Bradford [one taken in Aug". 1892, at Heaton]. Nat., Oct. 1S92, p. 300. July 1896. ttf* 2l6 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. J. A. Clark. York N.E. A Melanic Race of Liparis monacha [bred from parents said to have been captured near Scarborough, July 1891]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, pp. 222-4; also City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Sep. 15th, 1892; Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 246; Brit. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 217. [Turns out to be an error, the specimens not being Scarborough ones]. Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 257. J. A. Clark. York N.E. Explanations as to Liparis monacha [erroneously reported as taken near Scarborough]. Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 305. H. S. Clark. Isle of Man. [Chaerocampa celerio taken at Douglas, summer of 1891]. Lane and Chesh. Ent. Soc, Dec. 14th, 1891 ; E.M.M., Jan. 1892, p. 27; Ent, Jan. 1892, p. 24; Brit. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 14. Henry Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. [List of] the Heterocera of the Isle of Man [being a list with annotations ; the present instalment enumerates 13 Geometric, 3 Psendo- Bombyces, and 55 Noctuic\ Brit. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 24; and Feb., pp. 25-27; reprinted in Yn Lioar Manninagh, April 1882, pp. 319-323. [Con- tinuation ; 67 species of Nocture enumerated]. Brit. Nat., April 1892, pp. 67-70. H. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. A Night with the Moths [at Lezayre, described; Lyeana alexis and Vanessa atalanta noted]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, April 1892, pp. 3 2 ^'33 l * H. S. C[larke]. Isle of Man. Phenological Observations [giving localities and Manx dates for Gonoptera libatrix, Ticniocampa stabi/is, and Xylocampa lithorhizd\. \ n Lioar Manninagh, April 1892, p. 350. H. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. Spring Notes. — . . Isle of Man [recording captures of Ticniocampa gothica, T. instability T stabi/is, and Anticlea badiata\ Ent. Rec, May 16th, 1892, p. 115. II. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. White Variety of Rumia crataegata [bred from larvae collected at Douglas, Isle of Man]. Ent. Rec, July 15th, 1892, p. 155. H. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. Notes of the Season. — . . . Isle of Man [Colias edusa in plenty, Castletown, Sulby, etc.]. Ent. Rec, Nov. nth, 1892, p. 262. H. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. Sphinx Convolvuli in the Isle of Man [one by J. C. Bacon at Seafield, Santon, Sep. 1892 ; the insect occurs in the island every year]. Brit. Nat., Dec 1892, p. 267. H. Shortridge-Clarke. Isle of Man. C[irroedia]. xerampelina [in the Isle of Man ; also var. unkolor doubt- fully ; and dark Ticniocampa gothica\ Brit. Nat., Dec. 1892, p. 268. II. Shortridge Clarke. Isle of Man. Notes of the Season.— . . Isle of Man [Sphinx canvolvidi taken at Seafiekl, Santon, Sep. 1892]. Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1S92, p. 292. William J. Clarke. York N.E. Acherontia atropos at Scarborough [four from various localities near]. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 339. J. Collins. Lane. S. [Exhibition of Lithosia sericea taken in the Manchester district]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Dec 17th, 1891 ; Brit. Nat., Jan. 1892, p. 13 J Ent " Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 21. Natural^ bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 217 [J.] Collins. Lane. S. [Exhibition of four Deilephila galii bred from 22. larvae on Epilobium an gust if ol iu m at Warrington in 1889]. Lane, and Chesh. Ent. Soc, Feb. 8th, 1892; E.M.M., March 1892, p. 66 ; Ent., March 1892, p. 75 ; Brit. Nat., March 1892, p. 53; Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 71. J. Collins. ? Lane. S. Var. of Noctua festiva [taken presumably near Warrington ; description given]. Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 58. J. Collins. ? Lane. S., York S.W. Hybernia progemmaria var. fuscata [at Warrington ; Editor notes that they are as dark as Barnsley males, but not so dark as Porritt's Huddersfield females]. Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 57. J. Collins. Westmorland, York S.W., Lane. S. andW. Hyria auroraria [pink] var. [near Warrington, where it is typical of the species ; Editor adds a note about his specimens from Witherslack, 1 Ieysham, and Thorne Moor]. Ent. Rec., June 15th, 1892, p. 125. J. Collins. Lane. S. or Cheshire. Variation of Lepidoptera [ffadetm pisi and H. adustd] at Warrington [described]. Ent. Rec, June 15th, 1892, p. 125. Jos. Collins. Cheshire. Nyssia zonaria at Frodshaw [? m] Marsh [found abundantly as larvae on 23rd July, 1892]. Brit. Nat., Sep. 1892. p. 201. J. Collins. ? Lane. S. Aplecta nebulosa var. Robsoni [several bred at Warrington]. Brit. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 219. J. Colli? ? Lane. S. Lithosia sericea [at Warrington; out, but very scarce]. Brit. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 219. J. Collins. ? Lane. S. Cynthia Cardui and [Vanessa] Atalanta [larvae unusually plentiful about Warrington this year]. Brit. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 219. Cheshire. Joseph Collins. Notes of the Season. . . . Warrington \Eupithecia minutata, E. nanata, A. absynthiata and E. virgaureata at Delamere ; E, valerianata and E. pul- chellata, presumably at same place]. Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 267. U. A.] Cooper. York S.W. [Exhibition of Black Forms of Boarmia repandaia from Sheffield]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Dec. 17th, 1891 ; Brit. Nat., Jan. 1S92, p. 1 3 ; Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 20. James Cooper. York N.E. A " Clouded-Yellow " Year [recording- Coiias edusa as seen at Killerby and Cayton, August 1892]. Field, August 27th, 1S92, p. 329. H. H. CORBETT. York S.W Notes of the Season. . . . Doncaster [Neuria saponarne, Xylophasi monoglypha, Phisia ckrysitis, PL iota, Hecate r a serena, Coiias edusa, Cerostama costella, Pmdisca solandriana, Luverna raschkiella, and Sophronta parent kesel la noted]. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1892, p. 179 [Noctua xantho- grapha, Pacilia nivea, Pmdisca eorticamx, Calymma diffims, Poha cht. Bryophila per/a, Cidaria russata, Scoparia angustea, S. mercureUa. Pyralis glaucinalis (new for Doncaster), Abraxas sylvata, and Asychna termimlla\ Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 231. John Cordeatjx. York SE *> Notts. A Clouded Yellow Year [two Coiias edusa at Spurn, Aug. nth; common there Aug. 23rd ; one or two seen near Retford]. Field, Sep. 3rd, p. 368. July 1896. 218 bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. B. H. Crabtree. Lane. S. Notes of the Season.— . . . Manchester [Colias edusa near Levens- hulme, Aug. 26th ; also in 1877 with var. helice also]. Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 208. Lane. S. B. H. Crabtree. Colias edusa . ♦ in England in 1892 . . Lancashire [near Levenshulme, a female on Aug. 26th, 1892 ; two type and one var. helice in 1877]. Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 280. J. H. Crosland. Westmorland. York, Bootharn, Natural History, See., Club [noting at Sand-side, Morecambe Bay, Lyacna agestis, 'Common Skipper, 7 and Euthemonia rzissiela]. N.H.J., Sept. 15th, 1890, p. 112. Cheviotland, Lane. S. and W., Cumberland, Notts, Derby, G W. Dale. Durham, Cheshire, Line. N., York N.E., S.W., and S.E. The History of our British Hawk-Moths [continued ; noting Deilephila galii, at Carlisle (Heysham), Manchester, Twizel (H. and W., 1843), Crown Wheaton, Cumberland, Southport (1858), Cheshire Coast, Darlington (1859), Wallasey Sandhills, Northumberland (1870), South Shields, Derby, Scar- borough, Lancashire, Sowerby Bridge (1889), near Chester, etc. ; dates and details given]. App. to Brit. Nat., Feb. 1892, pp. 57-63. [C/urrocampa celerio noted at Manchester (H. and W., 1843), at Huddersfield and Hull in 1846, in Cumberland in 1848 and 1849, a * Bolton, 4th Dec, 1857, at Newark and Gainsborough in 1859, at Matlock, Nottingham, Wakefield, and Darlington in i860, at York in 1862^ at Lytham in 1870 (pp. 7374) ^ Deilophila livomica noted as at Hull in 1829, at Charlton, Lancashire, in 1844, at Preston and Carlisle in 1846, at Hale, Lancashire, in 1848; at Taylor Hill, near Huddersfield, in 1859, in Yorkshire in Sep. 1865 (pp. 66-67) ; CInerocampa nerii at Sheffield in 1867, at Hartlepool July 23rd, 1885, p. 70]. App. to Brit. Nat., July 1892, pp. 66, 67, and 70. Thcs. Darley. •York.' Large Emperor Moth \Satumia pavonia major] in England [taken at York a few years ago ; editorial note reminds us that the species is often bred in Britain from Continental eggs]. Field, Feb. 20th, 1892, p. 248. Thos. Darley. York Black-veined White Butterfly [(Aporiacrahegi) ; noting that Robt. Baker, jun., of Y r ork, has one in his collection % which he captured here the summer before last ' ; editorial note suggests a mistake of locality]. Field, July 30th, 1892, p. 204. G.C.Dennis. Lane. W. [Exhibition of Agrotis corticea, A. iriti'i, A. pnecox, and A. vestigialis from St. Anne's-on-the-Sea]. Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 252. G. C Dennis. York N.E. [Lepidoptera noted by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Coxwold and Byland [Sep. 1892 ; Hadena protect, Xcmthia sifago, Peronea comparand. P. sponsana, Teras caudana, Chelaria hiibnerella\ Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 349* Line. N. Charles Dixon. riskney and its Wildfowl [with passing references to drainage causing disappearance of Papilio machaon and Polyommatus hippothce, but n authority given for referring it to this locality]. Leisure Hour, Oct. 1889, p. 669. Cheshire, Derbyshire. C. W. Dod. arly Butterflies [with notes of Vanessa c-allmm locally abundant nea Malpas, Polyommatas argiolus and Thecla rubi at Matlock ; dates given] Field, April 30th, 1892, p. 625. Natural!*** bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 219 R. Dutton. ■ York* and York S.W. [Exhibition of pale form (bred) of Abraxas ulmata from Doncaster and bred varieties of A. gross u lariata from York]. York F. Nat. Soc., Aug. 10th, 1892 ; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 251. R. Dutton. York Mid W. [Exhibition of Geometra papilionaria taken early in August 1892, at Askham Bogs], York F. Nat. Soc, Sep. 14th, 1892 ; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 252. R. Dutton. York Mid W. Notes of the Season. — . . . York [at Askham Bog, Dyschorista sitspecta only sparingly, Geometra papilionaria common, Plusia gamma abundant]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 234. W. Dutton. Isle of Man [Exhibition of Arctia fuliginosa from Isle of Man], York F. Nat. Soc, Oct. 13th; Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 29S. C. Eales. Cumberland. Spring Notes. . . Carlisle [anent captures of Ayssia hispidaria (new to district), Calotampa exoleta, Larentia ?nulti$trigaria, and Tortricodts hyemana], Ent. Rec, May 16th, 1892, p. 115. John \V. Ellis [Hon. Sec]. Lane. S. ^ s Report [for 1885 ; noting Cha-rocampa celerio at Crosby (G. A. Marker)]. 9th Ann. Rep. Lane and Chesh. Ent. Soc, fur 1885, publ. 1886, p. 10. E. C. Evans. 4 York/ [Phenological observations made by the] Mount, York. — Nat. Hist Society {Vanessa urtiae seen]. N.H.J., May 15th, 1S92, p. 59. W. Farren. York N. E. Notes of the Season of 1891. — Scarborough [mentioning Peronea schal- leriana var. latifasciana, P. variegana and v. cinana, P. comparand, Cidaria i/nmanata, Citspidia leporina, Heliothis margittata, Larentia didymata, Phttella c rticiferarwn y Scapula httealis, and Platyptilia gonodacty!a> with locality and details]. Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 14. W. Farren. York N.E. [Exhibition of Peronea variegana var. cirrana and P. schalleriana var. latifasciana from Scarborough, taken Sep. 1891]. Proc Ent. Soc Lond., Feb. 10th, publ. March 1892, p. ii. ; E.M.M., March 1S92, p. 87; Ent., March, p. 73; Brit. Nat., March 1892, p. 47; Zoo!., March 1892, p. 120; Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 66. South Lond. Ent. Soc, Jan. iSth, 1S92 : E.M.M., March 1892, p. 86; , p. 74; Brit. Nat., March 1S92, p. 50; Nature, March 3rd,. Ent., March, p 1892, p. 430. W. A. B. Ferris. Notts. Abundance of Cosmia paieacea {Eupcriafidv } in Sherwood Forest [in 1892 ; Agriopis aprilina noted also]. Ent., Sep. 1892, p. 222. Fred. W. Fierke. York S.E. Colias edusa in Holderness [at Kilnsea, Aug:. 25th, 1892]. Nit., Oct. 1892, p. 300, Northumberland S. John Fin lav. Variation. . . Bombyx quercus var. callunae [on the moors near Meldon Park, Morpeth; takes two years to pass through transformatioi ■!. Ent. Record, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 7. J. Fin lay. Northumberland S. Single-brooded Species in the North of England [at Meldon Park,. Morpeth : Cidaria silaceata and Selenia iUttnaria ; details given]. Eat Record, March 15th, 1S92, p. 63. July 1896. 220 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. J. FlNLAV Northumberland Times of Flight [of Celaena haworthii on the moors near Morpeth]. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1892, p. 186. [Of Satiimia carpini as observed at Morpeth]. Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 213. John Finlay. Northumberland S. Acherontia atropos in Northumberland [taken near Morpeth, July 27th, 1892]. Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 212. J. Finlay. Northumberland S. Notes of the Season. — . . . Morpeth [Xylopkasia poiyodon, Triphiena pronuba^ Noctna glareosa, and Larentia avsiata ; protective resemblance noted in the last-named]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 238. [W. W.] Fowler. Line. W. A. Gain. [Occurrence of Carterocephalus palzemon ( = Hesperia paniscus) in certain woods in Lincolnshire]. Proc Ent. Soc. Lond., Dec. 7th, publ. Dec. 1892, p. xxxv. ; Brit. Nat., Jan. 1893, p. 11. Notts. Colias edusa [at Tuxford, one seen 8th Sep., 1892, the first since 1877]. Brit. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 219. John Gardner. Durham. Deilephila galii at Hartlepool [on the 13th July, 1892]. Brit. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 175 ; rep. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1892, p. 177. J. Gardner. Durham. Note on Abraxas ulmata [larvae resorting to beech on the defoliation of elms, at Hesleden Dene, co. Durham, Oct. 29th, 1892]. E.M.M., Dec. 1892, p. 308. C. F. George. ? Line. N. Convolvulus Hawk Moth [{Sphinx convohntli) taken alive Aug. 31st, 1887 ; locality not stated, but evidently Kirton-in-Lindsey]. Sci. Goss., Feb. 1888, p. 43. W. Howard Goulty Westmorland. Captures in Lancashire [i.e., Westmorland] and Cornwall [noting Ctenonympha typhon and Hyria anroraria at Witherslack, July 1891]. Ent., Jan. 1892, p. 19. John Grassham. York Mid W. Death's Head Moth {{Achirontia atropos) ; one flew into a house near Brunswick Brewery. Leeds, Sep. 4th, 1883; child sick, mother terrified at evil omen]. Nat. World, Jan. 1884, p. 16. C. S- Gregson. Cheshire. Hybernia leucophaearia [on Feb. 13th, 1892, at Eastham Wood, near Liverpool]. Brit. Nat., April 1892, p. 79. C. S. Gregson Lane. S. Bombyx trifolii [has been plentiful this year on the Liverpool sandhills]. Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 245. C. S. Gregson Lane. S. Colias edusa at Liverpool [plentiful at Altcar and Crosby sandhills ; also var. helke\ Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 245. Hall. and S.W epidoptera in Yorkshire: A Correction [that it was Selenia illunaria (not ilhtstraria) that was captured near Cloughton, and in Edlington and Wadworth Woods]. Nat., March 1892, p. 90. Naturalist, BIBLIOGRAPHY : JLEPIDOPTERA, 1892. 221 A. E. Hall. York N. W. [Lepidoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Rokeby [on 6th June, 1892 : Xanthia fcrruginca* X. gilvago, Hybernia prcgemmaria, H. defoliaria y Cheimatobia brnmata (all in larval state), Pieris brassiae, P. rapa 7 , P. napi t Anthocharis, Chortobius pamphilus^ Hcpialus liectus, Emmelesia affinitaia, E. albnlata, Eupithecia minutata, Melanippe montanata, Cidaria stiff umata, Acronycta rum/as, Plusia gamma, Stenopteryx hybridalis* Cr ambus pratellus, Tortrix ministrana, Sericoris lacunana, Cnephasia musculana, Bactra lanceolana, Ephippiphora cirsiana, E. ttirbidana, and Plutella cruciferani7ii\ Nat., July 1892, pp. 210-21 1. A. E. Hall. York S.W. Boarmia repandata [and its variation near Sheffield and Huddersfield in 1892]. E.M.M., Oct. 1892, p. 267. Edward Halliday. York S.W. Choerocampa Celerio at Halifax [one taken in the town, Oct 1st, 1892]. Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 244; Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 339; Ent. Rec, Nov. i^th, 1892, p. 267. G. A. Harker. Lane. S. Time of Flight of Celaena haworthii [at Simonswood Moss]. Ent. Rec,. Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 16. Geo. A. Harker. Lan Abundance of Larvae [of Cuspidia leporina, Notodonta camelina, N. dro- medarius, Drepana falcula, and A 7 , dictuoides on the mosses, and of N. ziczac, N dictcea, and Smerint.hus ocellatus on the sandhills near Liverpool]. Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 17. G. A. Harker. Lane imes of Flight of the Species in the genus Crambus [presumably near Liverpool? C\ margaritellus, C. inquinatellus, and C. culm us noted in detail]. Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 17. Geo. A. Harker. Lane. S. or Cheshire. crony eta (Cuspidia) leporina [and Orgyia antiqua in the Liverpool district; their food -preferences and variation], Ent. Record, March 15th, 1S92, p. 60. Geo. A. Harker. Cheshire, Lane. S~ The Sallows at Liverpool [have produced Taniocampa gracilis and T. opima ; while Mesotype lineolata and Nyssia zotmria have been common at Wallasey]. Brit. Nat., May 1892, p. 104. G. A. Harker. Cheshire, Lane. S Notes of the Season.— . . Liverpool [Colias edusa (also at Wallasey), Afrrotis pnecox, A. enrsoria, A. valligtra, A. tritici. Vanessa atalanta, V. caratti, and Macrotfossa udlatantm\ Ent. Rec, Sep. 13th, 1892, p. 209. [Celicria hauuorthii flying freely, Tapinostola fulva, Ennomos til tana, and larvae of Notodonta dromedarius, N. camclina, A r . dicLcotdcs, Drepana Jalcula, Asphaha ftavicornis, and Cuspidia leporina, all at Simmons wood Moss]. Ent. Rec", Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 267. [G. A.] Harker. Lane. S. [Colias edusa from Crosby exhibited]. Lane and Chesh. Ent Soc, Sep. 12th, 1892; Brit. Nat., Oct. 1S92, p. 218; E.M.M., Oct 1892, p. 270; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 251 ; Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1S92, p. 248. C Alex. Harri,. York N * W ' Colias edusa . ■ in England in 1892; additional records Yorkshire [one near Hawes, 1892; one at Richmond m 1875]* E*t. Dec 1892, p. 312. July 189^ 2.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. J. T. Harris and Philip B. Mason. Derbyshire. The Lepidoptera of Burton-on-Trent and Neighbourhood. Part II.— Micro-Lepidoptera [of which 415 species are enumerated, the localities being partly in Derbyshire and partly in Staffordshire]. Trans. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc, vol. xi. pp. 1-14, 1892. J. Harrison. York S.W. Black Phigalia pedaria (=pilosaria) [taken near Barnsley, Feb. 12th, 1892, and Feb. 27th, 1886]. Ent., March 1892, p. 71. J. Harrison [per S. Stevens]. York S.W., Line. N. [Notes on rearing of var. radiata of Arctia lubricipeda (Barnsley and Lincolnshire) and of A. mendka (Huddersfield)]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., Nov. 2nd, publ. Dec. 1892, p. xxix. ; Zool., Dec. 1892, p. 434; E.M.M., Dec. 1892, p. 315 ; Ent., Dqc. 1892, p. 323 ; Brit. Nat., Dec. 1892, p. 260; Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 268. . J. Hawkins. Hybemia anrantiaria r H. dejolnwitti and Oporabia dilutata very scarce]. Ent., May 1892, p. 124. W. Hewett. York N.E. Late Specimen of Epione vespertaria [on Oct. 3rd, 1891, at Strensall Common ; larvae of Bombyx rubi and Spilosoma ftrfiginosa also taken]. Ent., May 1892, p. 124. \Y. Hewett, York N.E. Amphidasis prodromaria and Hybernia leucophaearia near York [at Sandhurn Wood, 28th March ; the var. marmorinaria of the latter also obtained]. Nat, May 1S92, p. 139. \Y. Hkwett, ' York Mid W. Var. of Noctua rubi [taken at Askham Bog, near York, described as a pale yellowish ochreous form, occurring with type]. Ent. Rec, June 15th, 1892, p. 126. William Hewett. ? York. Assembling in Lepidoptera [near York ? as observed in Melanihia rubi- ginata and Ilipialus ht.dus\ Ent., July 1892, p. 16 'York.' William Heweti. Early Lepidoptera in Yorkshire [discussing variation and occurrence about York of Hybernia rtipuapraria^ H. pr emmaria and var. fuscata^ H. ieacoph rm and var. marmorinaria Esp., Larentia mult i sir igaria and Anisopteryx a:sauaria\ Ent., July 1S92, p. 164. Naturali-t, bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 223 William Hewett. York N.E. Sallows in Yorkshire : Season 1892 [near York, yielded Cerastis vaccinii, Scope losoma salellitia, Pachnobia lencographa, P. mbricosa, Tceniocampa goihka, T. instabilis 9 T. populeti, T. stabilise T* cruda, Calocanipa exoleta, A nt it lea badiata, Hyberniaproge miliaria ; at Strensall, T. stabilts, T.gothica, Larentia multistrigaria, Anisopteryx ccscularia^ Hyb> progemmaria, Asphalia Jlavicoriiis ; near York, Antic lea badiata, Diurnea fagella^ T. opiiiia, Selenia i/lunaria, vars. pallida and brunnea of T. golhica, vars. alra, acrulescens, Irigutta, and virgata-brunnea of T. instabilis, vars. obliqna and pallida of 71 stabilis], Ent., July 1892, pp. 170- 1 72. W. Hewett. W„ Mid. W [Lepidoptera shown to] York and District Field Naturalists' Society. — July 13th [Nemeophila plant agmis from Lincoln, very dark; Tephrosia bntndulasia var. delamerensis from Doncaster, Sledmere, Selby, and York ; Epione adzenaria, Asthena blomeri, Venitsia cambricaria, and variety of Odont opera from Doncaster]. Ent., Aug. 1892, p. 200. W. Hewett. York S.E., N.E. [Exhibition of a peculiar variety of Asthena blomeri from Sledmere, Larentia ctcsiata from Cox wold, pink -bordered variety of Epione vespertaria, Zvgcena Ion ice n, var. semilutescens and two specimens with the five spots confluent, and Spilosoma fuliginosa var. borea/is, all from York]. York Field Nat. Soc, Aug. 10th, 1892; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 251. W. Hewett. York N.E., Durham, Cumberland, Northumberland S. [Exhibition of Geometra papilionaria from Sandburn Common, Epione apiciaria from York, Hydra cia petasitis from pupie dug at Greatham near Hartlepool, Miana ex/>olita from Hartlepool, Aplecta tuzcta from Keswick, Erebia cos siope from Borrowdale, and Ccinonympha da- us from Greenleighton Moss, Northumberland], York Field Nat. Soc., Sep. 14th, 1892; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 252. William Hewett. Notts, Durham, York Mid W., S.E., and N.E. [Exhibition of very dark Agriopis aprilina from Durham, fine forms of Xanthia ctrago from Bishop's Wood near Selby, Polia chi and varieties olivacea and obscura from Durham, Nottingham, Ivirkham Abbey, Horsforth, and York]. York F. Nat. Soc, Oct. 13th; Ent., Nov. 1S92, p. 298. William Hewett. 'York.' Colias edusa . . &c , in England in 1892; additional records . . Yorkshire [several near York, Sep. 1892 ; Vanessa atalanta and V\ cardui have been common]. Ent., Dec. 1892, p. 312. Thos. Hey. Derbyshire. A Derbyshire Ramble [at Little Eaton, June 23rd, 1888 ; captures of Polyommatus phlaas, Anthocharis, Pieris brassioc, P. rape, Eupitheda nanata, £. lariciata, Asthena Iuteata, Eupisteria heparata, Macaria iitu^ata, Cabera pusaria, C. exanthemaria, Panagra petraria, Odontopera, A phidasis betularia, Abraxas ulntata, Epnnda %.iminalis t Fidonia pimaria, Py ra y Arctia meuthaslri, Melanippe montanata, Mamestra brassier 9 Tort iri- dana and Iarvce of Liparis auriflua ; and record of attempt to reintroduce Satumia carpi 11 i]. Garner, Sep. 1st, 1888, pp. 193~4« W. C. Hey. York N.E. A Real Summer's Day. West Ayton. June 9th, 1892 [with brief allusion to Vanessa cardui]. Nat., Oct. 1892, 292. C Albert J.] Hodges. Durham. [Exhibition of fine banded forms of Agriopis aprilina from Durham]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc, March 17th, 1892 ; Brit. Nat., April 1S92, p. 88 ; Ent. Rec, April 15th, 1892, p. 94. J. B. Hodgkinson. Lanc S - or W - Coleophora metallicella, n.s. [described ; locality not given, but appears likely to be Ashton-on-Ribble]. Ent., Feb. 1892, p. 44- July 1896. 224 bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. J. B. Hodgkinson. Cumberland. Micropteryx Sangii and M. Caiedoniella [near Carlisle, with M. semi- purpurella, M. purpurella, and M. sparmannella ; all determined by C. G. Barrett]. Ent., March 1892, p. 71. J. B. Hodgkinson. Cumberland. Pselnophorus brachydactylus [the second specimen was taken at Carlisle with Platyptilia pallidactyla, and is now in coll. H. Burney]. Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 63. J. B. Hodgkinson. Westmorland. Platyptilia pallidactyla [at Witherslack]. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1892, p. 186. Peter Ixchbald. York S.E., Cumberland. Deilephila livornica [taken at rest on a lettuce at Hornsea, 30th July, 1892 ; editor adds note of one taken near Carlisle on June 10th this season]. Field, Aug. 6th, 1892, p. 247. Peter Inchbald. York S.E. Humming-Bird Hawk Moth [{Macroglossa stellatarum) in Holderness (doubtless Hornsea) ; account of rearing of larva? from eggs deposited 29th July, 1892, and emergence of imagos Nov. 1st and following days]. Held, Nov. 1 2th, 1892, p. 726. J. A. Ives. York S.W. Mild Season [and appearance of Pieris brassiae at Windhill, near Bradford, Jan. 20th, 1884]. Nat. World, March 1884, p. 45. George Jackson. 'York. [Exhibition of fine varieties of Abraxas grossulariata bred from York larvae]. York F. Nat. Soc, Oct. 13th, 1892 ; Bat,, Nov. 1892, p. 297. George Johnston. Cheviotland. Selections from the Correspondence of Dr George Johnston [with notes of Deilephila galii at Twizell and Berwick (p. 40), and Acherontia at Berwick (401)]. Cheshire. H. B. Jones. [Exhibition of Phycis splendidella captured at Wallasey, July 1891]- Lane, and Chesh. Ent. Soc., Jan. nth, 1892 ; E.M.M., Feb. 1892, p. 54? Ent., Feb. 1892, p. 50 ; Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 24; Brit. Nat., Feb. 1892, p. 35. G. H. Kenricjc. Notts. [Euperia fulvago from Sherwood, exhibited]. Birm. Ent. Soc, Sep. 12th, 1892; E.M.M., Oct. 1892, p. 270; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 250; Midi. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 240; Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 248. II. Wallis Kew. Line K. Reminiscences of Ten Summers [at Louth ; noting- occurrence of Colias edusa (1877) an d Sphinx conv0kniii\. Garner, March 1st, 1888, p. 93* C. E. Lamb. York Mid W. Abundance of Erebia biandina [in grass woods. Upper Wharfedale» Aug. 16th and 18th ; Colias edusa on the road between Wheldrake and York a fortnight later]. Ent., Not. 1892, p. 288. Line. N. [Euchelia jocobsese at Skegness noted in an article on] Additions to the North Lincolnshire Flora. Nat., March 1S92, p. 76. Line. N. P. Fox Lee. W. Lewingto.v. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 [thirty or forty near Market Rasen since 22nd Aug,, including var. kelice\. Enh, Hov. 1S92, p. 28 J. \.-turali> bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 225 F. C. Lukis. 1 Yorkshire/ Callimorpha Hera [and its introduction into Yorkshire, 'through large districts' of which it spread; but see under Porrilt for correction], Le Lievre's Guernsey Guide, 1S63, p. 166 : rep. E. M.M., Jan. 1892, pp. 21-22. H. McDowall. Cheshire. Phigalia pilosaria [a fine black variety bred from a Delamere Forest larva], Ent., June 1892, p. 145. J. C. Mackonochie, iVot Lanes. imbutata and Cidaria populata in Lancashire [erroneous ; Lanarkshire meant, as internal evidence shows], Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 245. T. Maddisox. York N.E., Durham Notes of the Season. — . . . Saltburn and Durham Coast [Agrotis ravida at Saltburn ; Phothedes captmncula near Hartlepool ; habits of latter stated]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1S92, p. 234. L. E. Mainwaring. Cheshire. Larva of Goat Moth [(Cossus cossus) doing great damage to old oaks at Plover Hall, Knutsford ; name of larva supplied editorially]. Land and Water, 6th Dec, 1890, p. 650. William Mansbridge. York Mid W. Abundance of Pachnobia leucographa at Bishop's Wood [in spring of 1892; TuJiiocampa gothica and T. stabilis also noted; full meteorological details given]. Nat., July 1S92, p. 2x6. William Mansbridge. York Mid W. Variation in Diurnea fagella at Bishop's Wood [and about Leeds ; increase of melanism]. Nat., July 1892, p. 216. W. A. Maw, York N.E. [Male Hepiaius humuli, 7th June, Abraxas idmata, Hepialus hectus, and * Pine Moths 1 in or near Forge Valley, 12th June]. N.H.J., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. Edward Mead. •Lincoln' N. or S. Breeding Notodonta dictaeoides [from larvae taken near Lincoln ; discussed at length]. Ent., March 1892, p. 71. Cumberland, Notts, Furaess, Isle of Man, S. L. Mosley. Line. S., Lane. W., York S.W. Illustrated Handbooks on | British Natural History. [ — | Part I. Sept., 1890. With 6 plates. Price 2s. 66. post free. J — | A History | of | British Lepidoptera. | By S. L. Mosley, F.E.S. | [Woodcut] | — | Vol. 1. Butter- flies & Sphinges. | — j With Figures of the Transformations of every species, 1 drawn by the author, | and coloured to nature by hand by I Miss Florence Mosley. | — | Huddersheld : Published by the Author, Beaumont Park Museum. [8vo., 20 plates and 6 plates in paper cover; notes given anent Papilio machaon formerly extending to Yorkshire and Cumberland ; Gm teryx rhamni in Sherwood Forest, and 6 var. near Rotherham : Colias edusa as far as Yorkshire in 1S77, and at Grange in 1889 ; Pieris bra and P. napi near liuddersfield ; Asithocharis cardamiues zX Bretton near Bamsley, 1 in. 3 lines in expanse, and Isle of Man : Leuccphasia sinapis at Grange \ Satyr* mi ra near Bourne, Isle of Man, and coast of North Lancashire, at Fleetwood, etc. ; this is the only part seen]. S. L. Mosley. York S.W. Westmorland or Furness. Melanippe tristata and Chelonia plantaginis near Huddersfield [in Harden Clough, June 15th, : c]. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 236. [A. M.] Moss. [Lepidoptera from Windermere exhibited to Cambridge Ent. See*, April 29; h, 1S92 ; varieties of Titniocampa siabiiis ami T. instability Hybernia progemmaria var. perfusca and Vmuda camhrkaria\ Ent., July 1S92, p. 176 ; E.M.M.. Aug. 1892, p. 223 Aug. 1 p 226 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. A. M. Moss. Westmorland or Furness. Notes on the Season : Windermere [the captures included Thyatira bath, Cymatop/iora duplaris, Acronycta ligustri, A. rumicis, Leucania lithanyria, Z. comma, Z. impura, L. pa/tens, Xylophasia rurea, X. lithoxylea, X. poly o don, Apamea basihnea, A. gemina, A. didyma, Miana strigilis, Grain mesia tngrammica (not so far N. before), Rusina tenebrosa, Agrotis corlicea, A. exclamationis, Triphana comes, T. pronuba, Noctua augur, N. plecta, N. c-nigrum, N triangulum, N brtinuea, N f estiva, X. baja, Calymnia trapezina, Euplexia lucipara, Aplecta prasina, A. nebutosa, A. tincta, Hadena dentina, B. oleracea, H. thalassina, H. rectilinea, Gonoptera libatrix, Mania typica, Biyophila perla, Hydnzcia nictitans, Neuroma popularis, Chanzas gramiuis, Noctua glareosa, N. xanthographa, N dahlii, Folia chi, Cleocens viminalis, Habrostola triplasia, Plusia chrysitis, P. iota, P. pulchrina, P. gamma, P. interrogations, Amphipyra tragopogonis, Uropteryx, Ellopia prosapiaria, Selenia illunaria, Odontopera, Crocallis, Boannia repandata, B. rhomboidaria, Macaria liturata, Halia vauaria, Lomaspilis marginata, Larentia didymata, Melanthia albicillata, Coremia munitata, C. designata, C. ferrugata, C. unidentata, Cidaria truncata, C. prunata, C. testata, C. populata, C.fulvata, C. dotata, Anaitis plagiata, and Tana?ra atrata\ Ent., Oct. 1892, pp. 245-6. [A. M.] Moss. Westmorl -lfe-history of Cidaria reticulata at Windermere noted]. Cambridge Ent. Soc, Oct. 28th, 1892; E.M.M., Dec. 1892, p. 313; Em., Dec. 1892, p. 327 ; Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 313. H. Murray. Dianthaecia carpophaga and D. capsophila [and their s of them at Carnforth]. Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 8. W J. P. Mutch. Northumberland S Notes of the Season.— . . Aberdeenshire [with mention also of the capture of Charaas gram in is (red form), Folia chi and var. olivacea, and Neuna popularis at Morpeth]. Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1S92, p. 260. Harry Nelson. Macroglossa stellatarum Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 253. William G. Nelson. W Notts. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 . . Notts, [a male at Cotham near Newark, Aug. 21st]. Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 282. E. B. Nevinson. Wes Westmorland * 1 i:U«i for Ikothedes capttuncula. Thera simulata, Erebia epipkron, E. itihiops, Canonympha typhon, Argynms adippe, Carsia paludata, Nemcophili ntssula, A. plantagtnis Hepialus velleda, Notodonta dicUea, N. dict ( coides, Lophottcryx camelina Xylophasia sublustris, X. man lypha, Mamestra abjecta, M. furvct, Agrotis lucemea, Xanthia fulvago, Hyria muricata, Larentia salicata, L ohvata, Eupithecia venosata, E. sobnnala, Coremia munitata, Mixodia schulziana, DiaiUhctcia capsincola, D. cucubali, D. carpotha^a, Notodonta zzczac, Asphaha flavicomis, Acronycta mm anlhidis, Panolis piniperda. Had, m _ [R] Newstead Ent., June 1S92, p. 144* Cheshire LKccord of Polyommatus bcetica captured at Heswall in 1886 or 1887 by Master McFee]. Lane and Chesh. Ent. Soc, Oct. 10th, 1892 ; E.M.M., Nov. 1892, p. 292 ; Ent Nov. 1892, p. 297 5 Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. *59 > Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 271. [Exhibition of the Specimen]. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Dec. Naturalist, bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 227 W. T. Pearce. Deiopeia pulchella in 1892 : Additional Records [one taken at Grange, May 29th, 1892, by T. H. Larcom]. Ent., Aug. 1892, p. 181 ; rep. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1S92, p. 178. Douglas H. Pearson. Notts. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 . . Notts, [one at Chilwell, Aug. 28th; first since 1877 when they were plentiful]. Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 282. G. T. Porritt. York S.W. Melanic var. of Polia chi [captured 1890 and 1891, at Huddersfield]. Ent. Rec, Jan. 15th, 1892, p. 7. Geo. T. Porritt. 1 Yorkshire.' Callimorpha Hera not a Yorkshire insect [in correction of the statement by F. C. Lukis ; which see]. E.M.M., Feb. 1892, p. 47. G. T. Porritt. W [Exhibition of Melanic and other Polia chi from Huddersfield]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., Feb. 10th, 1892, publ. March 1892, p. ii. ; Zool., March 1892, p. 120; Ent., March 1892, p. 73 ; Brit. Nat., March 1892, p. 49; Nature, March 3rd, 1892, p. 430; Ent. Rec, March 15th, 1892, p. 65. Geo. T. Porritt. York Mid W. [Lepidoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Horton- in- Ribblesdale [14th May 1892 ; Taniocampa rithricosa, a Scoparia, probably mitralis or coarctalis (angustalis), and a Gc/ec/zia, probably confindla\ 9 Nat., June 1892, p. 181. Geo. T. Porritt. York Mid W. Lepidoptera at Horton-in- Ribblesdale [the larva turned out as anticipated, Scoparia muralis and Gelechia confindla ; Xylophasia rutca var. comhusta bred from a pupa]. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 236. G. T. Porritt. York S.W. [Lepidoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Penistone and Dunford Bridge [on 9th July, 1892 ; Venusta cambricaria, Lareniia casiata, L. pectinitaria, Meianippe galiata, and M. ?nontanata\ Nat., Au a r . 1892, p. 257. .W. Geo. T. Porritt. Colias edusa at St. Anne's-on-Sea [a male caught 19th August, T. Baxter saw several in the early summer]. Nat., Sep. 1S92, p. 278. Geo. T. Porritt. Lane. W Colias Edusa on the Lancashire Coast [one on the sandhills at St Anne's-on-Sea, 19th Aug., 1892]. E.M.M., Sep. 1S92, p. 245. Geo. T. Porritt. Lane. W, Notes nn a Pmhahltr Hifhprtn TIndescribed Form of the Larva o\ Plus ia gamma [with a comparison of the resti tnt imagines with some netted on the v Lancashire coast (St. AnneVon-Sea)]. E. M.M., Oct. 1892, p. 256. G. T. Porritt. Lane. W. ixhibition of fine varieties of Abraxas grossulariata bred from York larv t >j, a small dark form of Orgyia antiqua, which had occurred in some numbers at Longridge near Preston, and a dubious Noctua from St. Anne's- 7.X — ~^m ^_^ ^** -m* * yf AAA K-* M k *V %*+ »• J m^ * " ** ^^ * "* *• * » *** *■ mr *• ^ — T * 1 iitbiadaris, taken 20th Aug., 1892]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., Oct. 5th, publ. Nov. 1892,0. xxvii. ; Zool., Nov. 1^72, p. 146; K.M.M., Kov. 1892,^296; Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 294; Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 236; Ent. Rec., Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 245. Geo. T. Porritt. York S -W. [Exhibition of varieties of Arctia mendica from Grimescar, Huddersfield, A, lubricipeda from York, olive-banded Bombyx quircus from Crosland Moor, Huddersfield, and melanic Boarmia repandata from Netherton Wood, Huddersfield]. Yorksh. Nat. Union ; Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 309. Aug. ^96. 228 bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. J. Porter. York N.E. [Lepidoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Withernsea [on Aug. 1st, 1892 ; Pieris rapa, Hipfiarchia hyperanthus, Epinephile^ jamra, Vamssa urtica, Lycana icarus, Pyrameis atalanta, P. cardui, Dicranura vimria, Sesia bembectforwis, Zygana filipejidiiLe, Notodonta ziczac, Orgyia antiqua % Plusia gamma, Gonoptera libatrix, and Eubolia mensuraria\ Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 297. E. G. Potter. York S.W. Colias edusa near Doncaster [a female, May 29th, 1892, in Edlington Wood]. Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 300. E. G. Potter. York N.W. Lepidoptera at Greta Bridge [June 6th, 1892 ; Selenia lunaria and Epunda viminalis\ Nat., Oct. 1892, p. 300. E. G. Potter. York S.W. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 : additional records . . Yorkshire [a fine $ in Edlington Wood, Doncaster, 29th May, 1892]. Ent., Dec. 1892, p. 312. . Prince. Cheshire. [Colias edusa nearly the van helice captured at Wallasey]. Lane, and Chesh. Ent. Soc, Sep. 12th, 1S92 ; Brit. Nat.. Oct. 1892, p. 218; E.M.\U Oct. 1892, p. 70; Ent., Oct. 1892, p. 251 ; Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1S92, p. 248. G. H. Raynor. Line. N. Macroglossa bombyliformis in Lincolnshire [in a wood near Wragby ; M. fnci for mis and Hesperia panisctts there also]. Ent., Aug. 1S92, p. 195- Line. N. G. H. Rayxor. Notes of the Season. . . . Lincolnshire [noting Col edusa taken between East Barkwith and Panton, and another at Toft near Market Rasen]. Ent., Rec, Sep. 15th, 1892, p. 205. G. H. Raynor. Line. N. Sphinx convolvuli in Lincolnshire [one at Panton near Wragby, Aug. 20th, 1892]. Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1S92, p. 212. G. H. Raynor. Emmelesia albulata Do 1 t., Nov. 1892, p. 2S9. G. IL Raynor. Line. N. Wragby]. Line. N. Early Appearance of Poeciiocampa populi [on Oct. 21st, 1892, at East Barkwith Railway Station]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 301. G. Ren- haw. W A Correction [the Insect taken at Lytham in 189 1 was not Lyaena adonis* but a 6 var. of L. ale with barred hinges to the wings ; cf. Ent., 189^ ^fc "i_ **^fc. *-■ 1. ^^P 4 __ JL E _ _ 1 _ _ __ k ■ i^_ _ J __ ___ p. 267]. Ent., July 1892, p. 173. S. Renshayv Lane. S Vanessidae in Lancashire [ V. cardui and V. atalatita have both been common this year ; no locality given but note dated from tretford]. Ent., Oct. 1892, P- 243. S. Ren shaw. Colias edusa . . in England in 1892 . . Che place nor date stated]. Ent., Nov. 1892, p. 276. John E. Robsok. The Shape of the Wing Cheshire Durham, Cheshire Hartlepool and Bang's moorland example- Brit. Nat., Ja -N P- lS - Naturalist BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1892. 229 {J. E.] Robson. Durham. [Exhibition of varieties from Hartlepool of Diantfaecia conspersa\ City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Feb. iSth, 1S92; Ent. Record, March 15th, 1892, p. 68. John E. Robson. Durham. Sallows at Hartlepool [at Hezleden Dene ; Tamacatnpa gracilis and named varieties, 7\ rnbricosa, T. gothica, 7\ stabilis^ T. instabi/is, noted]. Brit. Nat., May 1S92, p. 103. John E. Robson. ? Cheshire or Lane. S. Nyssia zonaria at Liverpool [on the nth April, 1892, commonly at some locality unnamed]. Brit. Nat., May 1892, p. 104. J. E. Robson. Durham. The Genus Hepialus [and its habits and life-history discussed at length and in detail; partly based on author's Durham experience]. Ent. Rec. , Mar. 15th, April 15th, and May 16th, 1892, pp. 52-56, 77-79, and 100-101. J. E. Robson. Lane. S. Spring- Notes. — Liverpool [black Diumea fagelia at Knowsley and Nyssia zonaria abundant at Crosby, Ap. 10th and nth]. Ent. Rec, May 1 6th, 1S92, p. 115. John E. Robson. ? Durham. Variety of Arctia mendica [bred at Hartlepool by Mr. Lumsden ; description given], Brit. Nat., June 1892, p. 125. John E. Robson. Durham. Random Notes on British Lepidoptera [including- one on Emmdesia alhulata and its habits, presumably near Hartlepool]. Brit. Nat., Aug. 1892, p. 167. John E. Robson. ? Durham. Polyommatus Artaxerxes with Four White Spots [taken in district (? Hartlepool) by John Sang]. Brit. Nat., Nov. 1892, p. 240. C. E. Roc kett. York S. E. Black-Veined White Butterfly [particulars of the capture of two larvae in Hay 18S5, and afterwards six pupx of supposed Aporia crat&gi near Sewerby, Hull, with a supposition as to their possible introduction]. Sci. Goss., Jan. 1S92, p. 21. W. D[enison] Roebuck. York Mid W. Moths on Lamps at Pateley Bridge [taken by Wm. Storey, named by A. Denny; Hybernia defoliaria, H. aurantiaria y both Chcimatob , Paci/o- campa, Phiogophora metkidosa, Plusia gamma, Himera, and Oporabia dilutata ; date about 3rd November, 1S83]. Nat. World, Jan. 1884, p. 16. Mary G. Routledge Cumberland. Deilephila livornica near Carlisle [one at Headsnook, Carlisle, June 10th, 1892]. Ent., July 1S92, p. 169 ; rep. Ent. Rec, July 15th, 1892, p. 155. J. II. Salter. York N.E The Clouded Yellow [and a note of observing' Vanessa urii and V. atalanta making out to sea from the end of Filey Brigg]. N.H.J., Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 120. W. Salvage. York N.E. Explanations as to Liparis monacha [erroneously reported as taken near Scarborough]. Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1892, p. 304. Edward Self. York Mid W. Colias edusa, . . . &c, in England in 1892 [two males near Aberford, 2 1 st August], Ent., Sep. 1892, p. 211. Edward Self. York Mid W. Colias edusa at Aberford, Yorkshire [two males taken Aug. 21st, 1892]. Nat., Sep. 1892, p. 278. Aug. 1896. 2 3° • bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. C To G 'l Sheldox - Derbyshire. [.Derbyshire series of Tephrosia biundularia exhibited, with note of a curious variety melanicon right side], Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc, Nov. 10th, 1S87, publ. 1888, p. 87. [W. G.] Sheldon. [Xanthia Derbyshire. alone of all the district produces melanic specimens, as, e.g. of Tephrosia binndidarta, Tkera variata, etc.]. Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc, Sep. 22nd r 18S7, publ. 1888, p. 73. r SlMES. Dianthaecia Isle of Man. T , _ £ . carpophaga from the Isle of Man]. Citv of Lond. Ent. Soc, May 5th, 1892 ; Ent. Rec, May 16th, 1892, p. 120. r _ B c Cumb., Lane. S., York N.E., S.W., George E. Simms. Chesh>) Durhara . Butterfly | and | Moth | Collecting: : I Where to search, and I what to , d °\ I By George E. Simms. f - j Illustrated. | — | London : L. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand, W.C [not dated, published in 1892 ; paper covers, small el "//' V , P5.g, es ' note at P- 91 of Satyrtts semele near Durham, South Shields, Castle Eden Dene, Birkenhead, etc., at p. 100 of Nemeobius lucina at Melton Wood, near 'Sanbeck Park, Tukhill', Yorkshire, and Carlisle ; at p. 102 of Argynms euphrosyne at Buttercrombe Moor near Stamford Bridge, °, JT ir ? ' a " d at P- 1 1 1 of Polyommatus agestis and salmacis at Manchester and Castle Eden Dene]. . ..... Lake District. inhibition of Melanippe fluctuata from the Lake District]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Jan. 21st, 1892; Brit. Nat., Feb. 1892, p. 34; Ent. Record, Feb. 15th, 1892, p. 40. y v "**' C. B. Smith. [C. B.] Smith. Lake W [Exhibition of prettily-marked forms of Hadena pisi from the Lake District] City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Tune 16th, 1892 ; Brit. Nat., July 1892, p. 149; Lnt. Rec, July 15th, 1892, p. 166. »*■/-» Richard South. York s w . Notes on British Lepidoptera [including- Noctua brunnea from Roiherham (\oung) ; variation discussed]. Ent., Feo. 1882, pp. 29-30. Richard South. Notts. La ^ a °n A P ai ?. ea ophiogramma in Notts, [sent by Mr. Pearson of Chilwell, near Nottingham ; discussed at length]. Ent., March 1S92, p. 69. Richard South. York S The Genus Melanippe [discussed in detail ; Yorkshire examples (.. . I omtt) of M gahata described and Haworth's unilobata, also from Yorkshire, supposed to be the same]. Ent., June 1892, p. 135. Richard South. Derbyshire, Lane. S., York N.E. Deiopeia pulchella in England [the earliest known British specimen was taken m \ orkshire, but the exact date is not known ; Manchester is recorded m Stainton s Manual, 1857 ; in June 1870, one was taken at Scarborough ; and m 1874 one occurred in Derbyshire]. Ent., July 1S92, pp. 153-154. Gearoe stables [sic]. Westmorland. [Acherontu atropos taken in Lyth ; exhibited to] Kendal Natural History Society [Oct. nth, 1889J. Gard. Chron., Oct 19th, 1889, p. 444- Douglas Stuart Steuart. Lane S. M,nS^ iC ¥$Z C f„ w attractor <> f Moths at Old Trafford] tZ£2?l '' /; Trt ^f" a (a " but "»**?» ^d interjecta), Xylopkasia pohodon, Letuan ia pallets, L. comgera, L. htkargyria, Manxstra brassiae, Apanu SL^ Z? W' !0rpiem ' A ^° tis ™gricans, Noctua umbrosa, A". iS^t ocl ^Tp^t were a!1 very abundant on y.^ Naturalist bibliography: lepidoptera, 1892. 231 Douglas Stuart Steuart. Lane, S. Effect of Darkness during Day on Night-flying- Moths [at Prestwich, Manchester, during a thunderstorm at 2 p.m. on Aug. 10th, 1892, Xylophasia polyodon, Leucania fallens ^ Monies Ira bras sicca and Melantfpe fluctuata were observed on the wing]. Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1892, p. 242. R. Tait, Jud. Cheshire. Notes of the Season. — . . . Wallasey [anent exceeding abundance of Nyssia zonaria, and occurrence of Mesotyfe lineolata and Dicramtra vinula, '23rd inst.']. Ent. Rec, June 15th, 1892, p. 132. R. Tait, Jnr. Cheshire. Aplecta nebulosa var. robsoni [bred from a Delamere Forest larva]. Ent. Rec, Aug. 15th, 1892, p. 178. [B.] Blaydes Thompson. York S.E. and S.W. [Chosrocampa celerio from Halifax and Deilephila livornica from Peter Inchbald, of Hornsea, exhibited]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc, Nov. 3rd, 1892 ; Brit. Nat., Dec. 1892, p. 262 ; Ent. Rec, Nov. 15th, 1892, p. 271. C. F. Thorneyyii.l. ? Derbyshire. [Sphinx convolvuli taken at Burton-on-Trent, September 30th, 1892]. Birmingham Ent. Soc, Nov. 16th, 1891 ; E.M.M., Jan. 1892, p. 26; Ent., Jan. 1892; p. 24. C. F. Thornewill. Derbyshire, Notes of the Season. — ... Bakewell [Procris gay on abundant, Alelanippe tristata generally distributed, Habrostola urtic l ema fii Gulls {Larus May 1 8th.-~ Herring Gulls {Larus argentatus), Black-headed Gulls car ho), seen in the harbour. Aug. 1896. 236 STEPHENSON S NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FROM WHITBY. 1895, ^ Ia Y I 9 th - — Six Black-headed Gulls, several Herring Gulls and a Cormorant in the harbour — wild weather, rough sea. They have also been constantly observed during the three following months. May 19th. — A Shag {Phalacrocorax graculus) apparently a wounded bird, was seen in the harbour. May 24th.— Four Cormorants and Black-headed Gulls in the harbour. July nth.— Lesser Black-backed Gull {Lams fuscus) w&S seen here. September 6th. — Turnstone {Strepsilas inter pres) shot on the sand. October 3rd. — Several Swallows {Hirundo rusticd) were seen in Whitby apparently on the point of migration ; weather very cold and wet. Wind W. by S. October 26th. — Two Guillemots {Lomvia troile) were taken on the sands. October 27th. — A Puffin {Fratercula arcticd) picked up on the sand. October 29th. — Common Guillemot {Lomvia troile) in the harbour; it was in such an exhausted state that a boy in a boat picked it fc up from the water. December 6th. — A fine large female Sparrow Hawk {Accipter nisus) was shot near the town. A Storm Petrel {Procellaria pelagica) was captured at Bilsdale last week by Mr. R. B. Brotton. — Whitby Gazette, 20th December, 1895, December 13th. — Merlin (Falco cesalon) y female, was taken in Goath- land. A rara avis in the shape of a White Robin {Erithacus ruhecula) was captured in Chubb-hill gardens three weeks ago by Mr. ■ Bulmer, a well known local bird fancier. — Whitby Times, 10th January, 1896. 1896, January 24th. — Three Dunlin (Tri/iga alpind) were seen near the piers. February 1st. — A flock of about 200 Scaup Ducks {Fuligula marila) were observed in the broken water on Whitby Rock, and frequented that place more or less till the middle of March, when they disappeared. February nth. — A Mealy Redpoll {Linota linaria) was caught at Newholme, near Whitby. April 7th. — An Oystercatcher {Hamatopus ostrakgus) observed on Whitby sand. April 8th.— Five Cormorants {Phalacrocorax carbo), a Red-throated Diver {Colymhus septentrionalis) and Herring Gulls {Lams argentatus) in Saltwick Bay, near Whitby. Naturalist, STEPHENSON : NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FROM WHITBY. 237 1896, May 18th. — The notes of the Quail {Cotumix cotumix) were heard at Sleights, on Monday, 18th. — Whitby Gazette, 22nd May, 1896. May 27th. — A fine specimen of the Puffin {Fratercula arctica) was washed up on Whitby sands. FISHES. 1894, May 10th.— The fishing boat ' Christina ' of Hartlepool, landed at Whitby 9,000 Herrings caught the previous night. May 24th. — A fine Salmon (Sal/no salar) was caught in a clasp net from the Pier side on Thursday ; the net was baited with herring. — Whitby Gazette, May 25th, 1894. June 22nd. — A large Salmon (Salmo salar) weighing 27^ lbs. was caught in the nets and brought into Whitby. July 28 th. — A Flying Fish {Exocetus ex Uteris) was picked up on the Scarr South of the East Pier (recorded in the 'Naturalist* with particulars). September 19th. — A large Garfish (Belone vulgaris) was brought into Whitby, and preserved by Mr. I. H. Wilson for the Museum, September 25th. — A Common Tope (Galeus cam's) was caught off Whitby/ October 12th. — Two Picked Dog-fish {Acanthias vulgaris) were caught off here. October 29th. — A Ballan Wrasse (Labrus macula t us) brought into Whitby. November 2nd. — Another Ballan Wrasse was brought in. A young Basse (Zabrax lupus) was caught from Andrew's Steps, Marine Parade, with rod and line and hook, baited with mussel. November 14th.— Another Ballan Wrasse brought in. November 15 th.— A Sea Bream (Pagellus caitrodontus) was caught off and brought into Whitby. November 19th. trifi J A larger spec Whitby the previous week. . January 9th.— Fifteen-spined Stickleback { Gasterosteusspi hia caught in a clasp-net from the Marine Parade. March 14th. (Zoarces Tiviparus) were taken in the Har >ur during the week; one a gravid female, which came into my possession, on being opened was found to Aug. 1S96 2*8 STEPHENSON: NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FROM WHITBY J contain 59 living young ones, averaging about 2 inches in length, perfectly developed, which on being transferred to a basin of water swam about in a most lively and natural manner. 1895, April 2nd. — About 50 Wolf-fish (Anarrhichas lupus) were brought in by the fishing cobles this day. April 17th.— Great Pipe-fish {Syngnathus acus) was washed up on the sand. April 18th— Rockling, caught in the harbour. April 27th. — Gemmeous Dragonet (Callionymus lyrci) caught and brought to Whitby by one of the fishing cobles. April 29th. — First catch of Herrings (Clupea harengus) ; 2,500 landed here by the ' Christina/ of Hartlepool. June 19th. — A Salmon (Sal mo salar\ weighing 26 lbs., was caught (netted) off and brought into Whitby. July 4th.— Small-spotted Dog-fish (Scy Ilium cannula) brought into Whitby. July nth. — A Salmon, of 21 lbs., was caught (netted) by Hutchinson and brought in. July 22nd. — A Grey Mullet (Mugil chelo) caught off and brought into Whitby. July 31st. — A Salmon, weighing 22^ lbs., was netted off Whitby. August 3rd. — A fine specimen of Lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) cau vugust 5th. — ^rEquoreal Pipe-fish (Nerophis cequoreus\ female, with spawn, was brought in here. August 14th. — Red Gurnard (Trigla cuculus) caught off Whitby. August 15th. — Common Sea Bream (Pagellus centrodontus) brought into Whitby. October 3rd. — A Salmon {Salmo sa/ar), weighing 21 lbs., was caught in the Esk by Mr. A. Rhodes. Another weighing 26^ lbs. was caught in the Esk by Mr. Calvert, of Lealholm. Both were captured with rod and line. October 26th. — A Flounder (Pleuronectes flesus) was captured this day in Whitby Harbour from the fish-quay, which exhibited two peculiarities — it was not only coloured the same (dark brown) on both sides, but the dorsal fin, instead of extending to and joining the head, terminated a short distance from it, being separated therefrom by a nearly semi-circular hollow, with a slightly rounded projection next the fin, rather approaching the formation, in that part, of the Aspidophorus quadricornis, a fish taken on the coast of Kamtschatka. Naturalist, STEPHENSON : NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FROM WHITBY. 239 November 7th. — A good specimen of Lumpsucker (Cyelopterus htmpus) brought in by one of the fishing cobles. November 9th. — Mr. Frank Snowdon informed me he saw a Ray's Sea Bream {Brama rail) stranded on the beach near Sunley's Cottage, between Whitby and East Row. 1896, January 12th. — A Couch's Whiting (Gadus poutassoii) was washed up on the sand (described in the ' Naturalist ' of June, 1896). January 29th. — Small-spotted Dog-fish (Scy Ilium caniatld) caught by W. Harrison, fisherman, and brought in here. March 12th. — Unctuous Sucker (Liparis vulgaris) taken in a Lobster trap on Whitby Rock. March 20th. — Another Unctuous Sucker captured. April 13th. — Red Gurnard {Trigla cuculus) caught off here and brought in. April 16th. — Five-bearded Rockling {Motella musteld) 12^ inches long, was caught at sea by J. H. Hodgson on a hook baited. with sand-worm. This refutes Mr. Low's statement that * they are never caught at a hook ' in Yarrell's Fishes, vol. 2, p. 279. MOLLUSCA. 1894, June 29th.— An Octopus was caught by Mr. Eglon, in a lobster trap. CRUSTACEA. 1894, May 31st— A large Lobster (Astacus gan 6 lbs', was caught off Whitby. This is the largest but one (which raised the weights at 7 lbs.) remembered to have been caught by local fishermen.— Whitby Gazette, 1st June, 1894. 1895, A P r il 22nd.— An edible Crab {Cancer pagurus) having four nippers on one of the claws was brought into Whitby and presented by Mr. Edward Turner to the Whitby Literary and Philosophical Society, and is now in the Museum. 1896, January 14th.— -Large Lobster, weighing 5 lbs., caught by W. Harland. ■ May.— Large prickly Spider-crab caught by Mr. Moat. May 28th.— A Lobster weighing 2 lbs. 10 oz. was brought into Whitby having the peculiarity of both large claws being alike, viz., knobbed or numb claws, instead of one knobbed or numb claw, and the other serrated or cutting claw. The fishermen at Whitby call the Lobsters claws the ' knife and fork ' by way mar us of distinction, from the fact that the Lobster holds anything by fork, knife Aug, 1896. 240 NOTES ORNITHOLOGY. NO TES— ORNITHOL G V. Sea Gulls and Moths. — I was unaware until the other day that sea gulls would catch insects on the wing. On June iSth, I was walking, about 9.45 p.m.* in the neighbourhood of Ulverston, North Lancashire, and to my surprise saw a number of seagulls flitting to and fro in the twilight over a field of standing hay grass. They flew close to the tops of the grass, and were obviously catching the moths and other insects as they emerged from the stalks. It is possible that the continuous dry weather has had some effect on the sea birds' natural supplies of food. — E. T. Baldwin, London, July 10th, 1896. Alleged Breeding of the Dartford Warbler in North Yorkshire—In 'The Ornithologist ' for April last, p. 35, is an account signed by Mr. H. Kirke Swann of the breeding of what purports to be the Dartford Warbler (Melizof hilus iindatits), near Middlesbrough. The particulars therein given are as follows : — On the 1st of June, 1895, Mr. Charles Milburn, of the town above mentioned, found a nest in the neighbourhood built 'in a large furze brake.' The nest contained three eggs, and of these the finder took one. He ' recognised the birds to be Dartford Warblers' from specimens in the Museum, but 'they seemed to be brighter coloured than the Museum ones.' The egg was afterwards submitted to Mr. Jeffreys, a taxidermist, of Tenby, and its identification was agreed to by him ; it is now in the possession of Mr. P. V. Ford, an egg-dealer, of Sudbury, Suffolk. I have made application for further details, but the replies received have not contained any of importance. I have also without avail invited Mr. Ford to allow me to submit the egg to some competent authority for examina- tion. The record, as will shortly appear, is an important one, but at present it is impossible not to entertain doubt as to the proper authentication of the occurrence. The recognition of the Dartford Warbler in Britain was first made known by Dr. Latham in a communication to Pennant in 1773 (see ' British Zoology/ 17765 8vo, \. p. 389). It is a resident species, breeding probably in every English county bordering on the Channel, and also 'sparingly in the valley of the Thames; perhaps in some of the Midland counties, aW, on the sole authority of Mr. C. Dixon [Seebohm, Brit. B., i., p. 415] in the Rivelin valLy, in the extreme south of Yorkshire.' (Saunders. — the italics are the present writer's.) Mr. Howard Saunders is of opinion that the species has extended its northern range, but he has not, perhaps, sufficiently allowed for the increased attention paid to British ornithology since the discovery of the bird, and it seems not improbable that it has been overlooked on account of its skulking habits. Mr. Dresser (' Birds of Europe,' ii., p. 441) does not think it breeds north of the Thames except in Middlesex. — W. Ruskix Butter field, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. We entirely concur with Mr. Butterrield's remarks. As yet there is no- satisfactory evidence that this bird has occurred in Yorkshire. — Eds. NOTES AND NEWS. The paper on ' Limnaea peregra ' which was read before the Leeds Branch of the Conchological Society last October, has been printed in the Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science for April 1S96, and a reprint lies before us- Mr. Nelson gives a well-rounded off account of the species, and the numerous practical notes he includes show the work of a keen and experienced field- naturalist. The illustrations consist of a series of figures of some leading varieties, lent by Mr. John W, Taylor. — • >€:><— ■ ■ Further evidence of the activity with which Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., is throwing himself into the investigation of the zoology of Australia 13 (forded by a reprint of an article by him on the ' Murid; or Mice of the McDonnell Ranges in Central Australia, which originally appeared in the Report of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia, Part 2, Zoology, Feb. 1S96, pp. 393-409, with plates 25 and 26 from Mr. Waite's pencil. Half a dozen species are noted, mostly new, but one is a familiar friend, the common house mouse {if** musadus), which has managed somehow to reach Central Australia and there spread. Naturaiis 2 4 I MOSSES OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. Rev. WILLIAM FOWLER, M.A., / tear of LkcrsedgC) Yorkshire ; President of the Botanical Section of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union. In the Botanical Locality Record Club Report for 1878, a list of North Lincolnshire mosses is given, and in the Report for 1879 and 1880 four more species are added to the preceding list for Vice-County 54, making in all 135. The present list for South Lincolnshire, Vice-County 53, contains only 67 species, or about half the number for North. There were, however, three or four observers who collected records for the North Lincolnshire list, while the following list is the result of a visit paid by the writer in 1S80. It must be remembered, too, that there are even fewer hunting-grounds lor mosses in South Lincolnshire than in North, the bogs and fens of olden times being transformed into 'smiling cornfields/ and the moorlands into pastures for cows and sheep. Still, more than 67 species (most of them common everywhere) arc doubtless to be found by any willing to look for them, and the writer will be glad to receive specimens of any so found, for the formation of a supplementary list, to be published at some future time. With regard to elevation, the highest point in the county is near Caistor (in the Northern Division), 549 feet, but the whole of the Southern Division is of considerably less elevation, and the greater part of it is nearly on a dead level, so that man} species which are found on the Yorkshire hills cannot be expected to occur. The names in the present list are in the order of 'The London Catalogue of British Mosses and Hepatics,' 1SS1. The numbers and letters prefixed to the localities are those of the Natural History Divisions of the County (see Map in Nat, Oct. 1895). Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh. 13 E. Nocton. Sphagnum subsecundum Nees. 13 IV, South Moor. Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. 13 E. Nocton. Dicranella heteromalla Hedw. 13 E. Nocton. 16 N. Bourn. Dicranum scoparium I.. 13 E. Nocton. 13 IV. South Moor. Dicranum majus Turn. 16 N. Bourn Wood. Campylopus pyriformis Brid. 13 IV, South Moor. Leucobryum glaucum Hamp. 13 K. Nocton. Phascum cuspidatum Schreb. 13 W. Beckinghap. Trichostomum tophaceum Brid. 15 S. Morkery Wood. ■ Aug, ti , 242 FOWLER : MOSSES OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. Barbula ambigua B. & S. 1 5 N. Ancaster. Barbula muralis L. 13 E. Nocton. Barbula unguiculata Dill. 13 E. Nocton. Barbula fallax Hedw. 15 N. Ancaster. 15 S. Witham. Barbula convoluta Hedw. 15 N. Ancaster. Barbula tortuosa L. 15 N. Ancaster. 15 S. Corby. Barbula tevipila Brid. 16 N. Rippingale. Barbula ruralis L. 16 N. Rippingale. Barbula intermedia Brid. 15 S. Bytham. Ceratodon purpureus L. 16 S.E. Deeping. 15 N. Ancaster. Grimm streptocarpa Hedw. 15 N. Ancaster. 16 N. Aslackby Wood. Grimmia pulvinata Dill. 16 N. Rippingale Orthotrichum affine Schrad. 16 S.E. Deeping. Philonotis calcarea B. & S. 13 E. Nocton. Webera nutans Schreb. 13 E. Nocton. 13 W. South Moor. Bryum caespiticium L. 15 S. Bytham. Bryum argenteum L. 15 N. Ancaster. 16 N. Aslackby. Bryum capillare L. 16 N. Rippingale. Bryum pseudotriquetrum Hedw. 16 S.E. Deeping. Mnium undulatum Hedw. 13 E. Nocton. 13 W. South Moor. Mnium rostratum Schrad. 13 W. South Moor. Mnium hornum L. 13 E. Nocton. Mnium serratum Schrad. 13 W. South Moor. Atrichum undulatum L. 13 E. Nocton. Polytrichum formosum Hedw. 13 W. South Moor. Polytrichum juniperinura Willd. 13 E. Nocton. 13 W. South Moor. Polytrichum commune L. 13 E. Nocton. Fissidens 15 N. Ancaster. Fissidens taxifolius L 14 W. Aswarby. 16 N. Bourn Wood Fontinalis antipyretica I.. 16 S.E. Deeping. Leucodon sciuroides L. 16 S.E. Deeping. ' 5 N. Grantham, Neckera crisoa I- 14 W. Aswarby. 13 E. Nocton. 15 s Corby. 16 N. Boom Wood. Thuidium tamariscinum Hedw. r 3 E. Nocton Climacium dendroides L. , 5 N. Grantham. Natural*-*? NOTES AND NEWS. 243 Homalothecium sericeum L. 15 N. Ancaster. 16 N. Bourn. 16 S.E. Deeping. Camptothecium lutescens Huds. 15 S. Witham Wood- Eurhynchium striatum Schreb. 15 S. Witham. 13 W. South Moor. Eurhynchium crassinervium TayL 15 S. Bytham. Eurhynchium piliferum Schreb. 13 E. Nocton. Eurhynchium Swartzii Turn. 16 S.E. Deeping. Eurhynchium praelongum Dill. 13 W. South Moor. 16 N. Bourn Wood. Rhynchostegium ruscifolium Neck. 13 K. Nocton. 14 \\\ vSleaford. m denticulatum L. 16 S.E. Deepin^ »• Plagiothecium sylvaticum L. 13 W* South Moor. Amblystegium serpens L. 16 S.E. Deeping. 16 N. Aslackby. Amblystegium fluviatile Swartz. 13 E. Nocton. 14 W. Sleaford. Amblystegium riparium. 16 S.E. Deeping. Hypnum filicinum L. 15 N. Grantham. Hypnum cupressiforme L. 13 E. Nocton. 13 W. South Moor. Hypnum molluscum Hedw. 15 N. Ancaster. Hypnum cuspidatum L. 15 S. Witham Wood. 16 N. Bourn. Hypnum Schreberi Ehrh. 13 W. South Moor. Hypnum purum L. 13 W. South Moor. Hylocomium splendens Dill. 13 W. South Moor. Hylocomium squarrosum JL 13 & Nocton. Hylocomium triquetrum L. 16 N. Bourn Wood. February 25//;, 1896. NO TES AND NE IVS. In the Annals of Botany for March 1896, Prof. R. J- Harvey Gibson, ei Liverpool, publishes a paper, illustrated by a plate, entitled 'Contributions towards a Knowledge of the Anatomy of the genus .Selaginella, Spr. A Museum Enemy — Dust Australian Museum. No. 7 of V. Edgar K. Waite, 1 out bv himself. the Leeds Museum and at Sydney, the initiative being in the lust instance due Mr. T. Pridgin Teale, F. R. I , of Leeds. But the result of the further trials Sydney of an idea of Mr. Waite's own proved much more successful than th< ma«le at Leeds, and the flexible oiled silk diaphragm after hftcen months tr **nt out all dust, under conditions more trying than ordinarily. 244 NOTKS — HLMIPTERA AND GEOLOGY NO TE—HEMIPTERA. Mussel Scale at Wilton, Cumberland.— On June 2nd I received the following; letter from a gentleman at Wig ton, Cumberland : — ' I enclose herewith small twig of plum tree infested by the deposit of some insect, which is causing great destruction here, mostly of the plum trees, but it is also found on both the apple and rose trees. If you open the brown globes attached to the stems, and empty the powder-like contents on to a slide and examine under the microscope, you will find them to be beautiful eggs (apparently) in large numbers. Perhaps they are common to you, but I have not noticed them before, and I thought they might interest you. If all these eggs hatch the swarm of insects must be enormous/ The box contains specimens of the Mussel Scries {Mytilaspis pom&rum B.), a very widespread form of Coccus, which infests various fruit and other trees. Its history, and the precautions to l>e taken for its extermination, are given in Miss Ormerod's admirable ' Manual of Injurious Insects,' 2nd ed., 1890, p. 297 et seq.— Hildekic Friend, Cockermouth, 16th June, 1896. NOTE— GEOLOGY. Arctic Plants and Apus Remains at Kirkmichael, in the Isle of Man. — The following extract from the Report of the Director-General of the Geological Survey for 1895 records the occurrence of Arctic plants and Apus remains in the Isle of Man :— 'The completion of the survey of the northern end of the Isle of Man has entirely confirmed the conclusions announced in my last report as having been formed by Mr. Lampiugh regarding the history of the superficial deposits of the island. This officer has continued the separation of the insular from the extra- insular drifts, the former being found by him to occupy the hilly ground while the latter are spread over the northern plain and touch the flanks of the island in projecting portions like Maughold Head and Clay Head. In addition to the striated rock-surfaces previously reported he has obtained many new examples, one of these lying within 200 feet of the top of Snaefell, the highest point in the island. From the direction of the stride now traced over the whole district, it is ascertained that the general course of the ice-sheet was from a point slightly west of north, but that along the eastern side of the island it swept round the flanks of the hills. During the melting of the ice local sheets of freshwater appear to have gathered round the base of the slones. and to haw ahhepH hwthAir rlriinnrrf* curious can Reference was made in my last Report to certain peaty layers which were met with in sinking a well in the high level gravel at Kirkmichael, and to the deter- mination by Mr. Clement Reid of the seeds found in this peat. As all these seeds belonged to bog plants still indigenous in the Isle of Man, and widely distributed over the globe, they furnished no precise information as to the climate of the period in which the peat was accumulated. That they were relics of the glacial flora seemed tolerably certain from their occurrence in these upper gravels. But this question has now been definitely settled by a further examination of the peat material by Mr. James Bennie, the skilled fossil collector of the Scottish branch of the survey, who by carefully washing this material has succeeded in detecting abundant remains of what Air. Reid has identified as an Arctic Willow (Salix kerbaa-a). Carer alpina, an Alpine plant confined in Britain to the higher Scottish mountains, and also of the little arctic crustacean Apus (Lefidttras). The latter has not hitherto been found so far south in Britain. I referred to it last year as having been detected abundantly by Mr. Bennie in the glacial deposits of Fife. ^ Thus the glacial age of high-level gravels of the Isle of Man is completely established. • Tr <- wtoestmg discovery led to m ^,inn ation .J^-~r-:A othti beshwafei deposits in the same districts. But these were all at lower levels, and the vegetable remains yielded by them furnished no satisfactory indication of the climate in which they flourished/ From Appendix to the 43rd Report of Department of Science and Art, p. 1 3 [communicated 6jr Mr. James Benni Nit f r 245 A CRITICAL CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS: FROM ALL KNOWN SOURCES. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PE ACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F*.GU3. a V tear o/Cadney, Brigg ; Organising and Botanical Secretary of the L h hishire Na ittralists Union; Curator of t/ie Lincolnshire County Herbarium, NINTH PAPER. See explanations given in the preceding papers. Nat., 1894, pp. 85-92, i33-i 4 o,-2r3-22o, 257-264, 337-344- ^ at -> l2 95» PP- 95-ios,- 280-307. Nat., 1896, pp. 53-60, 181-188. SALICINE.E {continued). Salix purpurea L.f Native. Divs. i. 6.8.13. Herb. Brit. Mus. f. Lambertiana Sm.t Div. 8. Louth, 1856 ; Messrs. Bogg. J. &>myA&A Stu, Div. 12; P. Thompson. Salix purpurea % ilmlyal/s. Divs. 12.15. (•& rubra Huds.) Populus alba L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.6.7.13. Populus canescens Sni.f Native. Divs. 3.13. Populus tremula L.f Native. Divs. 2.7.8.12.13.16.18. Var. villosa Lange. Div. 5. Laughton Low Warren, 1881-82: Rev. W. Fowler, B.R.C. in Herb. Brit. Mus. Populus nigra L.f Alien. Divs. 6. 12. 13. 18. 'General, but always planted ' ; F. A. Lees. I have made few notes. KMPETRACE.E. Empetrum nigrum L.t Native, but I fear extinct. Divs. 1.2. 12. * Empetrum and several other mountain plants are found upon the Cranbury ground J — a Common belonging to Wainfleet and Friskney in the East Fen, Div. 12. — and in no other part of the fens.' Arthur Young's Lines. Agric^ 1799, p. 232. Used to grow on Frodingham Common in 1856. CERATOPHYLLE -K. Ceratophyllum demersum L.t Native. Divs. 2. 3. 9. 11- 13. 15- 18. CONIFER. H. baccata L.+ Native at one time, if not truly so now. Divs, 2.3.7.8. See L. Edwards' Witham, 1769; Sir J. Banks' Joum. of Science and Art, vol. 2, p. 244. Yews are found in our cans and fens, and are locally called 4 Wirethorn.' Where the soil is sandy and gravelly they are generally met with, but not invariably. Where the Oak, Yew, and Fir are found together, the Yew lies above the Oak, but below the Fir, as At «- **gfc 246 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. a rule. This species was badly cut by the great frost of 1895, but in very few cases killed by it, its power of resistance proving much greater than that of the Gorse — Ulex europaus I* Pinus sylvestris L.t Native, but often planted. Divs. 1-3.6-8. 1 0-13. 1 6. See F. A. Lees, Naturalist, 1877, p. 4 ; A. Stark's Parish 0/ Lea, 1841, p. 7 ; Sir J, Banks as above ; J. C. DeSerra, Phil. Trans., vol. 89, p. 145 (1797); P. Thompson's Boston, 1820, p. 276. The 'Scotch Fir 7 requires a rich soil, and it is essential that the substratum be dry. It seeds and renews itself spontaneously in every suitable locality. HYDROCHARIDE/i;. Elodea canadensis Michn.f An alien, first noted tn the river Trent in 1848. Divs. 1-7.9-18. Recorded for this county by the late Dr. B. Carrington, Pot. Gaz. y 1849, pp. 323-4. See long account in Miller and Skertchly's Fenla?td, 1878, pp. 307-15. After thrusting out many of our native species, • it attained its maximum of commonness about 1870. It seems dying out again over large areas now.' — F. A. Lees. Compare with this what F. M. Bailey, F.L.S., writes in the Pot. Pitltetin No. u (July 1895), of the Queensland Department of Agriculture, Brisbane, on our very next species Hydrocharis. About twenty years ago this species became most abundant in the still waters round Brisbane, but for the last fifteen years the author has not met with a single specimen : indeed, he stated he knows of no (Queensland habitat of the plant. May Elodea follow this example quickly. Hydrocharis Morsus-ranae L.t Native. Divs. 1-6.8-18. Stratiotes aloides L.t Native, but dying out fast, and not to be found in many of its old stations recorded here even now. Divs. 2.5.6.9-12.14.16-18. ORCfllDE.i;. Ma l axis paludosa Sw. Native, for there is no reason to doubt • J the record though we have no specimen, and the species is extinct. Horncastle Moor, before 1820 ; Ward-Weir Ltst Div. 10. Liparis Loeselu Rich. Native. Lincolnshire; F. W. Burbridge in Gard. Chron., 1884, p. 144. ■ Some years ago a correspondent, a lady, who was quite a stranger — I have never heard from her since — sent to me a specimen of Z. Loeselii, in flower, growing on a little tuft of rushes—/, effusus, I believe. I remember her note and specimen came from Lincoln (City), and what 1 especially impressed the fact on my mind was that I hadjnever Natural**** WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK I CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 247 myself seen the Liparis before alive. I have often since regretted that I did not ask where it grew ; and I also wish that I had pressed and preserved the specimen.' — F.W.B., Curator of Bot. (lard., Trinity Coll., Dublin, by letter. Neottia nidus-avis Rich.f Native. Divs. 2.7.8. io.ii. 13.15. 16. Listera ovata R.Br.f Native. Divs. 1 -3.5-1 7. Spiranthes autumnalis Rich.f Native. Divs. 12(2). 15. Speci- mens from N. and S* in the Cty. Herb., Lincoln Castle. Epipactis latifolia A11.+ Native. Divs. 8. 11. 15. 16. Epipactis media Fr.f Native. Divs. 7. 11(2). (F.A.L.). Epipactis violacea Boreau.f Native. Div. 16. On Corn brash only, in dense tufts. Mason and Peacock, 1895 (Ar. B.). Epipactis palustris Crantz.t Native. Divs. 4.5. Only found in one spot in the latter Div. now, though the Cty. Herb, has specimens from both. Orchis pyramidalis Scop.t Native. Divs. 2-4.6. 8- 16. Orchis ustulata L*t Native. Divs. 2.3.5. 13.15. 16. Orchis puhpusea Huds. Lincolnshire. Dr. B. Carrington in Bot. Gaz.j 1849, pp. 323-324. He calls it O.fusca Jacq. No doubt he met with a very large specimen of O. ustulata L., like the Lincolnshire specimen in the Cty. Herb., from the collection of the Rev. Thomas Owston, and mistook it for O. purpurea. Orchis morio L.f Native. Divs. 2-7.9-17. f. flore albo.t Divs. 2.3.7. t 2. In this parish I have seen every shade from the darkest of dark purple to white in one field. Orchis mascula L.f Native. Divs. 2.5-8.10-17. f. flore albo. Div. 13. Orchis incarnata L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.6.8-1 1. 14. Var. angustifolia Bab.t Div. 9. (F.A.L.). Orchis latifolia L.f Native. Divs. 2-5.7-9.1 1-16. Often an aggregate, including the last, I fear. Orchis maculata L.f Native. Divs. 1-16. Ac eras anthropophora R. Br. Div. 6. Gate Burton Wood, 4 plentiful in'.— Rev. T. V. Wollaston in PhyL, 1843, p. 523. See F. A. Lees in Science Gossip, 1870, pp. 189 and 211. He did not find it, and I believe once again Listera ovata was misnamed. It is certainly found there, and the soil is unsuitable for Aceras. Ophrys apifera Huds.t Native. Divs. 2.3.6-1 1. 14-16. Ophrys muscifera Huds.f Native. Divs. 2.1 1. It is also said to have been found in Ancaster Quarries in Div. 15, but I have never seen a specimen. 896. 248 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Habenaria conopsea Benth.t Native. Divs. 2-4.7.8.10. 1 1; 14-16. Habenaria viridis R. Br. Native. Divs. 3-7.8. 10-15. Habenaria bifolia R. Br.f Native. Divs. 1.4.7. The rare marsh species. Habenaria chloroleuca Ridley.f Native. Divs. 2.4-8.10.11.13. 15.16. Limestone and Chalk species. IRIDK.K. - ' Iris fcetidissima L.t Native. ; Divs. 3.1 1. 16. Only to be found in Div. 11 now, I fear. It was in Corby Wood a few years ago. Iris Pseudacorus L.t Native. Divs. 1-14. 16-18. if Crocus nudiflorus L. Native, I suppose I ought to say, for it has undoubtedly been carried there (Div. 6) ages ago by the Trent from its Nottingham home. It is almost extinct, and so rare I have not taken a specimen for the Cty. Herb. Miss Anderson. AMARYLLIDE.K. Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus L.f Alien always, though in some cases it has been here for ages. Could the Romans have brought it first ? There are various varieties, some of the very oldest Divs. 2-4.6-8. 10. 13. 15. It is curious to remark how it avoids the new fen lands and sea coast. ■ Narcissus biflorus Curtis.! Alien. Div. 4. Rev. M. O.Watkins. Narcissus poeticus L.f Alien. Div. 4. J. Cordeaux. ■ Galanthus nivalis L.t Alien, but a very old one. It cannot stand the bite of cattle, and is soon lost on pasture land. Divs. 2.3.7.8.10.13. This species still grows on the site of a township, called Gainsthorpe, in the parish of Hibaldstow. Div. 2, from which the population was wholly swept away in the Black Death of 1349-69, tradition says. DIOSCOftE.-K. Tamus communis L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.6-8. 10-16.1 8. LILIACE.F.. Ruscus aculeatus L.f A planted alien, which does not seed to my knowledge. Divs. 2.3.5.8.10. ir. Asparagus altilis L.t This garden species is found bird-sown or as an escape in Divs. 5.9.18(4). Asparagus uaritimus L» Has never been found in Lincolnshire to my knowledge. J. T. S. Syrne records it in the 3rd ed. of the English Botany as reported from this country. Mr. F. A. Naturalist, WOODRUFI-E-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 249 Lees records it again, in the Outline Flora, on the authority of Dr. Martin Lister and Mr. J. B. Davy. Mr. Davy tells me bis specimen was certainly at t His. I read Dr. M. Lister's remarks, see Journey to Paris in the year 1698, 3rd ed. ? p. 227, in a different way to my friend Mr. Lees. But I think the matter is fully set at rest by J. Gerarde's Herbal, 1597, p. 948: — 1 Asparagus sativus. Garden Sperage. We have in our marrish and lovve lands neere unto the sea, a Sperage of this kinde, which differeth little from that of the garden, and yet in kinde there is no difference at all, but only in manuring : by which all things, or most things, are made more beautifull and larger. This may be called Asparagus palustris, Marisk Sperage. It groweth in the meadows near Moulton in Lincolnshire, and at North Moulton, in Holland, a part of Lincolnshire.' This, the first record for this county, as I read, says in modern language the variety is altilis, though not so large, well grown, or tasty, as the garden type. Polygonatum multiflorum All.f Planted alien. Div. 7. Benniworth House Plantation, 1856 ; Messrs. Bogg. Maianthemum convallaria Weber. t Native, I believe. Div. 10. George Gosling, an old labourer on the estate, has known it in its present locality for over forty years, he told me on the spot. Messrs. F. A. Lees, J. S. Sneath, L. Creswell, B. Crow, and I, thanks to the kindness and hospitality of Mr. H. M. Hawley, the squire, were able to examine the ground it grows on most carefully. In its native Yorkshire station, due north, it grows on the detritus of oolitic Limestone. In Lincolnshire it flourishes on the ancient gravel of the old river Trent, which unquestionably flowed along the course of the present river Witham, but with a much greater body of water and force, carrying the denudin— of the cliff hills and spreading them out over its course. There were no aliens to be found near the Maianthemum. On the other hand it was growing with the characteristic Rulnis subereclus Anders, and Convallaria majalis L. in one patch sixty by forty yards, and in another small one about three yards square, on the other side of a gamekeepers footpath. The locality is not near a house, and the wood is perfectly free from aliens and has the characteristic flora of sandy limestone woods of the rest of the county, or where it stands on boulder clay the especial flora of that stratum, as Mr. F, A. Lees and I most carefully noted. This property was once part of the estate of Sir Joseph Banks, our great Lincolnshire botanist. He made experiments with foreign grasses, see W. T. Aiton's Ilort. Keuwisis* 18 10, vol. i, 250 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOG!/ K OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. p. 176, but there is not a particle of evidence to show that he ever attempted anything without a useful agricultural purpose, or that he had the knowledge of the strata and soils to attempt introducing a small and not striking species like Maianthemum. Another large wood not more than a quarter of a mile away on the same estate stands entirely on the ancient river gravel, and would have been a more suitable locality. During the last six years Rhododendrons and Foxgloves have been planted and sown in the wood by Mr. H. M. Hawley, but not near the Maianthemum locality. Before that time the wood was absolutely free from aliens. Miss Rawnsley brought this species to my notice. Convallaria majalis L.f Native, and common enough in sandy limestone and chalk woods. Divs. 2.3.6.7.8.10.13.16. Allium Scorodoprasum L.t Native in Div. 2. Divs. 2.5. My friend Mr. F. A. Lees says in the Outline Flora : [Scorodoprasum (?) 1847, Anderson. * Arenarium.' Probably the preceding]. The preceding species was A, carina turn L , and the square brackets excluded it, as I thought rightly at the time from our country list, despite the record for Div. 5 of the Miller- Anderson List. Before 1895 A. Scorodoprasum L. turned up in Miller's locality and in Broughton Wood, and also the original MS. of the Rev. J. K. Miller (1842) had been found and printed. This proved that Miller's plant was the A. arenarium L. and Sm. ? Engl. Flo., vol. 2, p. 134 •but not of Smith's Engl. Bot, 1st ed., Tab. 1358, which is A. sibiricum L., though the description that accompanies it is that of A. arenarium L. Mr. Lees wrote to me later (20/695); — C AU that Millers Walkeringham Flora record of A. arenarium Sm. does is to remove the brackets and query from A. Scorodoprasum L., in my Outline Flora. I saw it by Trent side above Gainsborough, towards Walkerith, in 1893, myself. I had it in my vasculum and showed it to you.' He did. Allium vineale L.t Native. Divs. 5.7.11.15.16. Vak. compacturn Thuill.f Native. Div. 9. Mablethorpe, 1893; Lees and Peacock. Allium oleraceum L-f Native. Divs. 2.5.7.9. Allium carinatum L.f Alien. Divs. 5.15. (F.A.L.). allium ScHCExopRASiM L. A Thompsonian record for Div. 12. Allium sibiricum L. See above under A. Scorodoprasum L. This first appeared in the Britten-White List, of 1872. Mr. J. Britten has told me it was his rendering of the Miller -Anderson A. arenarium of 1847. If Mr. Miller had named from the Natural i»i. WOODRUFFE-PE ACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 2$ I figure in Smith's Engl. Bot., as was most probable, his species would have been typical A. sibiriaun L. ; and a not strikingly wonderful ballast casual at Gainsborough, which has been a port for over a thousand years. Allium ursinum L.f Native. Divs. 1.2.7.8.10.11.13.16. Muscari racemosum Mill. Alien. Div. 6. Lincoln, 5.1879. A mere garden outcast. Mr. J. T. Burgess' Paintings. Scilla I'ERXA Huds. Alien, an outcast like the last, or perhaps purposely planted. Div. it. Eresby, Spilsby, 5.1879. Mr. J. T. Burgess* Paintings. Naturalist, 1893, P- 33 2 - Scilla festalis Salisb.t Native. Divs. 1. 2.5-8.10.11.13-16. f. flore albo. Divs. 2.5.7.10. f. flore roseo. Divs. 2.5. These forms are only sporadic. Ornithogalum nutans L.f Garden escape. Div. 10(2). Ornithogalum umbellatum L.f Garden escape or planted. Divs. 2.9.13. Fritillaria meleagris L.f Garden escape. Divs. 2.5.6.7.15. Colchicum autumnale L*t Native. Divs. \Mjh>%>$> Narthecium ossifragum Huds.| Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7. 10. 14. Paris quadrifolia L.t Native. Divs. 2.3.5-8.10.1 1.13.15.16. Sometimes with five leaves.! JUNCACE.K. Juncus bufonius I-t Native. Divs. 1-7.9.11.15-18. Juncus squarrosus Jacq.t Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7.10.13. Juncus compressus Jacq.t Native, and very rare. Divs. 5.16. Deeping, somewhat sparingly in one place by the Cross Drain, 1883 ; H. W. Beeby. /. of B. y 1884, p. 21. Specimens in his Herb., and in that of the late G. Nicholson, of Kew. Gains- borough neighbourhood^ from the collection of the Rev. R. H. Charters, about 1S67. Juncus Gerardi Loisel.t Native. Divs. 1. 2.4.9.1 1. 12, 18. Juncus glaucus Leers, t Native. Divs. 1-18. Juncus effusus Ut Native. Divs. 1.3-14.16. Juncus effusus x glaucus. Div. 5. On Scotton Common, 1867 ; Rev. R. H. Charters. It turned up again in 1893— where the two species grow side by side. Juncus conglomerates L.f Native. Divs. t-5.7-9.11-1416. Juncus maritimus Lam.r Div. 9(3). H. C. Watson and Rev, W. Fowler. It is a rare species on our coast. The S. in 52 WOODRUFFS-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS N. There is no record for S. yet. Juxcus ACUTUS L. Div. 12. A Thompsonian record. j Native. Divs. i. 2. 5. 7-1 1.13. 14- Var. uliginosus Roth.t Native. Divs. 3. 13. 14. Var. subverticillatus Wulf.f Native. Divs. 1.14. Ju Native. Divs. 1-4.9.11.13.14.16.18 Juncus lamprocarpus Ehrh.f Native. Divs. 1.3-9.11-14.16. j Native. Divs. i-£~}-if.i£»i4»Jt6»*7 Luzula vernalis DC.f Native. Divs. 2.3.5.7.8.11.13.14*16. Luzula maxima DC.f Native. Divs. 7.8. n. 13. 15. 16. Luzula campestris DC.f Native. Divs. 1-3. 5-16. Luzula erecta Desv.f Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7. 10. u. 13. 15. Var. congesta Koch, t Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7.10.11. TYPHACE.K. Typha latifolia L.t Native. Divs. 1-14.16-18. Var. media Syme. Div. t6. In several places by the South Drove Drain, near Littleworth, 1883; W. H. Beeby, J. of B., 1884, p. 20. Typha angustifolia L.t Native. Divs. 1.6.7.9-14.16.18. Sparganium ramosum Huds.t Native. Divs. 1-14.16-18. Sparganium simplex Huds.t Native. Divs. 1.3-7.9-14.16.17. Jr arganium minimum Fr.f Native. Divs. 1.5.7.12.13.16. AROIDI K. Arum maculatum L.t Native. Divs. 1-3. 7-16. Acorus calamus L.t Native, or very old alien. Divs. ir.12.16. It is flowering this season. LEMXACE.K. Lemna trisulca 1. .t Native. Divs. 1-7.9.11-18. Lemna minor L.t Native. Divs. 1 3-7.9.11-14.16-18. Lemna gibba L.t Native. Divs. 3.4.6.9. n- 13. 16. 18. Lemna polyxrhiza I-t Native. Divs. 7.1 1. 12. 16. ALISMACE.K. Alisma Plantago-aquatica L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. Var. lanceolatum Afz.t Divs. 2.4*16. 17. Alisma ranunculoides L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.5. 7-9* 1 i-Lr 1 ^ 16 * Natural^ 253 GOSSIP ON NATURAL HISTORY. R. H. MEADE, F.R.C.S Nature, enchanting nature . . . strange that so fair a creature should yet want Admirers, and be destined to divide With meaner objects, ev'n the few she finds ! — Cowpkk The advent of spring always brings great pleasure to the naturalist. He hails with delight the awakening of nature from her winter 5 1U tllN - «."«."^"«* sleep, when the flowers begin to blossom, the hibernating animals to arouse from slumber, and the migrator)" birds to return from their southern travels. How sweet it is to see the fields and trees turning green, to notice the Catkins on the Willows, and to hear the Cuckoo ! Birds are among our earliest harbingers- of spring: besides the true migrants there are some which remove from one part of the same country to another at different seasons ; and others which have a fondness for breeding in or near human habitations, but retire to the woods and fields when they have reared their families. I Jackda are fond of each other's society, and flock together in the autumn and winter in great numbers. Starlings (Stumus vulgaris), often called Stares or Sheepstares (I suppose from their habit of often sitting upon a Sheep's back), are very pretty birds and very clever and amusing when tamed : they somewhat resemble the Blackbird at a distance, but are less elegant in shape, want the dark rich yellow beak of the male, and when looking for worms upon the lawn may be noticed to run or walk, instead of hopping like a Blackbird. They are very fond kji and when congregated in flocks in the evening have been heard to use a variety of notes a if they were talking to each other, and relating their day's adventures before going to sleep. be ' spring. The Rev. Leonard Jenyns, in his list of periodic phenomena. ives the 2 1 st of January as the mean day that they resort to build- ings, says that their young are fledged by the 19th of May, and that they collect in flocks by the 24th of August. The same author gives the 18th of February as the date when Jackdaws (Cor v its monedula) resort to steeples and chimneys, and the 3rd of March as the time for Rooks (C. frugilegtis) to begin to build, remember, however, that Mr. Jenyns lived in Cambndgest We must a .. 1 8^ 254 MEADE I GOSSIP ON NATURAL HISTORY. the seasons are earlier than in Yorkshire. These birds (Starlings) certainly appear annually in the same places at about the same time. Thev are commonly called Shepsters in Bradford, and I remember an old clergyman, who had never heard this name, being in the vestry of his church one Sunday morning in early spring just before service, when his clerk or factotum came up to him and said, * Please, sir, the Shepsters have come/ My friend was rather in haste, so he answered sharply, ' Shew them into a pew ; shew them into a pew/ One of the first of the true migrants to appear in this neighbour- hood is the Wheatear or Whiterump (Saxicola ananthe). It usually arrives about the middle of March and builds in the loose stone walls by which the fields are divided. For several years in succession I noticed this bird about the same time in the same place, viz., in the corner of a field at Shearbridge, close to Bradford, where a manure-heap was placed. I suspect that it was feeding upon the minute dung flies (Borborus equinus\ which are about the earliest insects that appear in the spring. The singing of birds does not become general before the beginning or middle of May, though some commence much earlier. One of the first to be heard is the Missel Thrush or Stormcock (Tardus visavorus), which often begins to sing at the end of January or beginning of February ; and may sometimes be heard while it is blowing and raining, whence the derivation of one of its names; the other name was given from its fondness for the berries of the mistletoe. It was formerly believed that this plant was only pro- pagated by those seeds which had passed through the digestive organs of this bird, whence arose the old proverb, 'Turdus malum sibi cacat/ The Song Thrush (Turdus musicas) and the Skylark (Alauda arvensis) also begin to sing very early in the year. When the number of singing birds becomes great, it requires a musical ear and a special training to know* their notes from each other. It is very interesting to sit and listen to them in a sylvan spot The late Sir Richard Owen told me that when he first went to live in Richmond Park, at Sheen Cottage (which the Queen gave him for his life), he sometimes in fine weather in early summer got up as soon as it was light and sat for an hour or two in the garden to listen to the birds, which would begin to sing one by one until the full concert was reached. He was very musical, and took great interest in their various notes. Some interesting observations have been made respecting the time when different birds begin to sing on a summer's morning. The following is a list of those whose notes reached the ear of a listener in June; Naturalist, MEADE : GOSSIP ON NATURAL HISTORY. 255 sum. Skylark {Alauda arvensis) ... ... at 2.0 Thrush {Tardus musicus) ... ... „ 3.0 Yellow-hammer {Ember iza citrinelld) ... „ 3.0 Swallow {Hi > undo rustica) ... ... „ 3.0 Chaffinch {Fringilla ccclebs) ... ... „ 3.3 Blackbird {Tardus meruld) ... ... „ 3.10 Pettychaps {Curruca hortensis) ... „ 3.25 Linnet {Linaria cannabind) ... ... „ 4.0 Bunting {Emberiza miliaria) ... ... „ 4.0 Greenfinch {Fringilla chioris) ... ... „ 4-° After four o'clock it has been noticed that there is generally more or less cessation of song for awhile. To the Lark has been accorded the first place by many observers, he sometimes beginning to sing before it is light. Turning from birds to plants, the memory of the joyous days of our childhood returns at the sight of the early spring flowers. The i nodding Bluebells {Scilla nutans) spread in sheets in the woods ; the graceful Anemone {Anemone nemorosa) ; the delicate little Woodsorrel (Oxalis acetocella) — the original Irish Shamrock — with many others engage our attention. A showy flower, filling the ditches and sw r ampy places, is the Marsh Marigold {Caltha palustris\ called a Kingcup by children, in comparison, I suppose, with its smaller sisters the Buttercups. There is a rare two-winged fly which frequents the flowers of the Caltha in some places; I captured numerous specimens some years ago upon this plant in Nab Wood, near Shipley, but never found it anywhere else. It is the dx'lomyia mollis sima Hal. I am always pleased to see the shining yellow petals of the Lesser Celandine {Ranunculus jicaria), it is so bright and one of the first spring flowers to appear. In old botanical w r orks and herbals, the leaves of this plant are said to be good eating along with other herbs. Another very common plant in woods, the Dogs' Mercury {Mercurialis perennis), is also recommended to be eaten, dressed like Spinach. Many other herbs now only looked upon as weeds were also used as food by our ancestors and called pot herbs ; some foreign plants were also introduced and eaten in the same way, and have now become naturalised, and are mostly found in the neighbourhood of houses. What was the reason that so many more common green vege- tables were eaten formerly than are now, especially by the poorer classes ? There is no doubt that they were found necessary for the preservation of health before the introduction of the potato. This Aug. 1896. 256 NOTKS— BOTANY. valuable tuber has superseded the necessity for much other vegetable food, for besides the nutritious qualities it contains an acid which is a valuable antiscorbutic. When the potato disease first appeared in this country and in Ireland, and there was quite a potato famine, in common with many other medical men I saw a number of cases of land scurvy characterised by bleeding from the gums and other parts. Potatoes were then very bad and very scarce, but could still be obtained, and I at once said in those cases, • You must eat them,' and found that they soon cured my patients. NOTES—BOTANY. Tower Cress near Cockermouth.— During the month of June 1895 I had occasion to visit Isel about 4 miles from Cockermouth in a northerly direction, and there I found a few plants of the Tower Cress {Turritis glabra Z.) in fruit. Being in the neighbourhood again this year exactly at the same date, I visited the spot in order to ascertain what had been the result of last years seeding. I found some twenty to thirty huge and healthy plants, some not less than four feet in height, and all again in perfect fruit. The plant is evidently a native here, and has every chance to become more widely distributed. It would be interesting to try and ascertain whether the herbage on the bank is removed in early summer for fodder, hay, or either, and whether as a consequence the plant becomes transferred to other localities or not. t fear I shall be unable to ascertain this.— IiiLDERic Friend, Cockermouth, 16th June, 1896. Red Hawthorn, — The long period of drought which has occurred during this spring and early summer has been productive of certain very visible phenomena in the Kosacean flowers of this valley. Thus the petals of the Common Hawthorn {Crahegus oxyacantha)^ which in other years and in many individual shrubs well known to me have remained almost colourless from budding to near final decay, have this year in the majority of cases exhibited quite a glow of pink towards the latter part of their blooming period. It would seem that a dry atmosphere and abundant sunlight have favoured the chemical development of certain constituents of the petal sap. Under ordinary circum- stances in this plant the substances which result from the waste-products of chlorophyilian assimilation stop, as it were, at rutin, which may be regarded as an intermediate tannoid compound incapable of producing red ot blue colours. Rutin is found in considerable quantity in the white flowers of Hawthorn, Dog Rose, Wild Cherry, etc., but these contain no or a mere trace of tannin, i.e., so long as they remain white. When, however, as aforesaid, their corollas exhibit an uncustomary tint of pink or red, it is time for a botanical chemist to look out and see if anything unusual is contained therein. This accordingly I have been at pains to do. I have made several analyses of this year's flowers, and in all cases where the red colour has appeared there has been found, in addition to rutin, a very notable quantity of tannin. The connection, therefore, between tannin and pigment W clearly demonstrated. Thus also, to cite another instance, in the common Dog Rose with a nearly white corolla there is no tannin ; while in the most deep- tinted garden Rose there is abundant tannin and hardly any rutin or bitter principle. It may be interesting to mention that the red colouring matter of the Hawthorn flowers differs in no material particular from the tamiitar red of the Rose ; both have undoubtedly the same chemical origin, but while the latter is developed under the ordinary atmospheric conditions of British climate, the former only appears when these are unusual and analogous to those which prevail in a more northern latitude at a corresponding period of the year. — P. Q. KeegaN, Fatterdale, Westmorland, July 91b, 1896. Natural©** 257 SPECIALISATION OF LEAPING LEGS OF LOCUST. HENRY CROWTHER, F.R.M.S., Curat 07- of the Philosophical and Literary Society s Museum, Leeds, ALdipoda being imported to this country in vegetables from the south of Europe, was left with me for a short time by Miss Parkinson, of Harrogate, who had secured it in a Leeds greengrocer's shop. It lived for about two weeks, and though I offered it many kinds of food I was unsuccessful in tempting it to eat. Up the sides of the large glass bottle in which it was kept, it had no difficulty in climbing. Locusts are saltatorial insects, their hinder legs being strongly developed to subserve this purpose, but a special modifica- tion, of which I have seen no record, to ensure the full purchase of the legs when leaping, may be of interest. The observations which follow are from the Leeds specimen. rn The femur or thigh of the hinder leg is very large and tapers somewhat suddenly towards the distal end, and then enlarges into a knob. Within the upper portion of the knob the tibia or shank is jointed, whilst the outer part of the enlargement acts as a guide and stay to the shank. If the tibia be folded on the femur it will be found that the superior edge of the former fits into a ventral groove of the latter. In this closed or locked position the tibia has no lateral movement. I pass over, as it does not concern us here, a description of the arrangement of the strengthening bars of the femur, which remind one of the flanges and diagonals of a Warren girder. All the femora and tibiae of the insect are adorned with a few straggling, long, simple, white hairs of no special interest. The tibia is somewhat straight, of about one-quarter the thick- ness of the femur, its superior aspect, when locked, or anterior when the insect is walking, is rounded to fit the inferior groove of the femur, and carries at its distal end two pairs of tibia! spines which are long and strongly recurved. On its inferior, or posterior, aspect are about twenty-four slightly inclined, sharply pointed, chitinous spines, tipped with black. They are so arranged in a double row as to form a spined groove, with fourteen spines; counting two of the four superior distal spines, which are produced and curved sufficiently to fall in line with the inferior tibial spines, on the inner side of the tibia, that nearest the body of the insect, Sept. 1896. * 258 NOTES — LEPIDOPTERA AND BOTANY. and ten, counting the other pair of the superior spines, on the outer side of the shin. The tarsus terminates with a deep sucker which is prolonged beyond the two large sharply-recurved spines which the onychium, or last joint of the foot, carries. If the foot be folded beneath the shank, just as the latter organ was folded beneath the thigh, it will be found to fit between the spines, and its claws will be seen to act as accessory spines to those on the shank. The fore and intermediate legs are ordinary walking and climbing limbs, with one special modification, in the presence of ten to twelve small spines on the inner sides of the shanks, and not on the outer, as in the leaping legs. These assist in giving a rigid purchase to the limbs when the straight thrust of the leap is taken. On one occasion, not long before it died, this Locust leaped over thirty times its length (2J inches). On rough surfaces the armature of spines gives grip in the leap ; from glass, from which it sprang with apparently equal facility, the suckers, especially the deep terminal ones of the feet, are used. Under both conditions the interlocking of the limbs prevents lateral thrust. NOTE— LEPIDOPTERA. Notodonta dictaea in Leeds City. — On the 24th of this month I found an example of the Swallow Prominent at rest on mountain ash, at Meanwood, Leeds. — S. W. Judge, Leeds, April 1896. ^vwwnnp I' " 1 ttvvbhhimi NOTES— BOTANY. Rare form of Guelder Rose in Cumberland. — As one approaches the little hamlet of Sunderland, five miles N. of Cockermouth, the wooded estate of Sir Wilfrid Lawson is seen in the summer to be gay with beautiful shrubs. Among these the Guelder Rose ( Viburnum opulus Z.) is not the least conspicuous, but among the hundreds of normal plants I have for two years observed one whose peculiarities merit attention. It is entirely destitute of those barren ray florets which give this flower its conspicuous form. It is in fact the very opposite of the snow-ball form found under cultivation. Thus we have three varieties :— -first, the absolutely neutral or barren form ; secondly, the usual form with fertile flowers in the centre and barren florets surrounding them ; and thirdly, this unusual variety with none but fertile flowers. These are very crowded and inconspicuous. HlLDERlC Friend, Cockermouth, 16th June, 1896. Bird's Nest Orchis in Cumberland. —In the beginning of the month of June a specimen of this plant {Neottia Nidus-avis Rich.) was sent me for identification by the headmaster of the Friends' School, Wigton, Cumberland- It had been collected by one of the boys during their rambles the previous day, but the exact locality is not cited. It was mistaken for another plant, but was sent to me for 4 confirmation or otherwise, because, so far as we know, it is the first time it has been found in our neighbourhood.' It is pleasing to be able to add a new locality for a plant which, though native, is now exceedingly rare m Cumberland.— Hilderic Friend, Cockermouth, i6thjune, 1896. Naturalist 259 NATURAL HISTORY NOTES FROM SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCO A. BIRTWHISTLE, Skipton. Sums paid for foxheads or other vermin, extracted from the Skipton Churchwardens' accounts. The total area of the ancient parish of Skipton as now reckoned is 21,057 acres and 38 poles. It comprises the townships of Barden, Beamsley, Bolton Abbey, Draughton with Berwick, Embsay with Eastby, Halton East, Hazlewood with Storiths, Skipton, and Stirton with Thorlby. In the century (1 729-1830) covered by these returns, payments were made for the destruction of 1,047 Foxes, 5 Otters, 3 Ferrets, 2 Fomarts, and 17 Polecats. The war against the Otters w r as confined to the period from 1736 to 1752. Ferrets are named only in 1808, Fomarts in 1809, and Polecats from 1808 to 1827. 1729- 20 April ...Rob 1 - Boocock 1 fox head ... ... o : 1 : o 25 Dec ...Paid to the Churchwarden of Bolton and Barden for Ten Foxheads ... ... 0:10: o ?> „ ...To Spencer for fox-heads ... ... o : 5 : o 11 Xov r ...for one foxhead ... ... 0:1:0 !73o 7 June ...P d - to Barden Churchwarden for 7 foxes heads ... • ■ • ••» •*• o : 7 : o n j, ...P d * to Storhies Churchwarden for 4 foxes ilCtlClS ••• •-• •*• ••* » • • v „ ...P d - to Empsey Churchwarden for 5 fox- 0:4:0 heads . . * * » • ■ • * » • * * 0:5:0 •h 5 , ...To W m - Spencer for 6 foxheads... ...0:6:0 tj j, ...To Rob 1 - Boocock for 1 foxhead ... o : 1 : o 1731 2 3 June ...Aliow'd for 23 foxes Heads w c h was kill'd within y e parish from y e 10 th of July 1730 to 23 rd June 1731 ... ... 1 : 3:0 r 732 7 May ...Allowed for 9 Fox heads ... ... 0:9: o *733 20 May ...Allow'd for 27 foxheads ... 1 = 7 - o 3 June ...W ni - Spencer 1 Foxhead... • • 1 - o '* " Sept. 1896. ...George Atkinson 1 Foxhead ... ... o - 1 - o 260 BIRTWHISTLE: SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 1734 5 May ...for 9 fox Heads this year .to Barding for 4 fox Heads .for a Fox's Head.*. 28 July ...8 fox heads 1735 13 April 29 May 1736 9 May 11 11 23 June • • • * • • • • •• '■ .♦.two foxheads from Barden ...4 ditto from Embsay ...for an Otters Head ...6 Fox Heads * • • • * • • • • • • • ■ • ...P d - for two Fox Heads 1737 22 May ...George Demain 9 Fox heads (Barden) ** n n ?> ..John Petty 2 Fox heads... ...W m - Spencer 3 Fox heads • • • 24 June ...P d for a foxhead to George Demaine o . o : o 1733 ...W m - Spencer 4 Foxheads .-.Geo. Demaine 3 Foxheads 31 Dec ...To David Wilson 2 foxheads jj 91 11 11 * * • • • * • « 1739 6 May if 5? 71 M *? 11 ...to David Wilson for a Fox head ...David Wilson 3 fox heads ...Thos. Atkinson 2 fox heads ...Jas. Tomson 3 fox heads 24 June ...to David Wilson one foxhead • • • n n 71 If ...Thos. Atkinson 3 foxheads ...Jno. Holms 1 fox head ... 1740 13 Jan* ...a fox head Mr. Holms * • • • • * 27 July -- fi P d - John P* John • . . » • . 1741 11 Jany ...3 fox Heads 7 June ...4 Fox heads Rich d - Chippindale 22 August ...3 fox heads it n ..\Y m - Spencer a fox-head ... o - 9 : o 8 . o 4 = o 1 : o 2 : 4 : o - 9 - o - 3 " o - 1 - o - 4 - o - 3 - O - 2 - o - 3 " o - 4 " o - 3 ~ o o 0:6:0 o o o - 2-0 o - 1 - o 17th July ...W m ClemmeyforaFoxhead(Hazlewood) o - 1 - o 9 April ...To Barden Churchwarden for 4 Foxheads 0-4-0 „ „ ...to John Mitchell for a Fox head 16 June ...To Jonathan Colton a Foxhead o - 1 - o o o o o - 1 - o 0-3-0 0-2-0 o - 3 • o - 1 - o 0-3-0 o - 1 - o o - 1 - o o - 5 - ° o - I ■ > o o o o o Naturalist, BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 26 1 1742 » >* 1746 1747 n 91 • • • » • * - - • • . O - I - o o - 3 - 31 Jany- ...a fox-head 9 May ...three fox heads !743 6 Feb. ...Emmanuel Shires fox-head 8 May ...Antony Pettite for 3 fox heads o - 3 - Matthew • • • ...John Petty to him for 1 Fox Head o - 1 - o o - 2 - o .. • * • • • ♦ ♦ . • • * *75* 3 Feb ...An Otter head 21 April ...8 foxheads ...9 fox heads • •4 • • * ••• •-« » » • • • » ,«. *•• ••• Sept. 1896. 3 5 Dec ...Chris. Atkinson 3 fo.cheads ... ... o - 3 - 1744 6 May ...John Emmott 3 fox heads ■ » « ...Mr. Holms a fox head ... ... ... o .. 1 .. o >i j? ...Thos. Holms a fox Head ... ... o .. 1 .. o 1745 2 June ...To Thomas Inman for 2 Fox Heads 2 .. o 20 April ...two Fox Heads 00 J 02 | 00 22 June ...4 foxheads ... 4 • 00 17 May ...W m - Leland a Fox head ... 00 | 01. | j> 99 ...Barden one Foxhead ... ... ... 00 01 00 ?> » ...Hesslewood Four Foxheads ... ... 00 04 00 21 July ...For Barden 3 Foxheads 00 03 00 n » ...For Beamsley 1 Foxhead 00 01 00 1748 17 April ...from Storries 5 Foxheads 00 05. 00 J? ,, ...From Crookrice 1 Do. ... ... 00 01. 00 jy 3 , ...From Barden 1 Do. ... ... 00 01. 00 July ...Beamsley 1 Foxhead • ... o 1 o ...Embsey 1 Foxhead ... ... ... o 1 ...Barden 5 Fox heads ... ... *•• o 5 o o 1 Sept ...Barden 1 Foxhead ... ... ... o 1 o 1749 6 August ...John Petty 1 Foxhead ... 00 01 : 00 1750 4 Feb ...Foxhead ... 00 01 : 00 7 May ...Henry Atkinson Esq r - two Otters Jin ... 00 02 06 » 5) ...Foxhead ... 00 01 00 » m ...2 Foxheads Storries ... ... ...00 02 00 o : 1:0 o : 8 : o o . . 9 . . o 262 BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 1752 10 May .. To 2 foxheads 0-2-0 " 11 .To Mr. Benson for fox heads last year unaccounted for o - 3 - 11 11 .To Frank Demaine for 2 Do - ... 11 11 To a foxhead Mr. Lonsdale p d - unto Frank Atkinson • • • 1754 8 Sept. ...Rich d - Chippindale 2 Fox Heads „ „ ...Jos a - Spencer 1 Do. • * • tl 91 11 11 Rich d - Holmes 2 Do. Tho s - Mason 1 Do. 1755 • ■ • • • 11 • • • Do. one more • • ••• . . . Vugu • • ♦ • • • . • 1760 1 May ...paid Mr. Heelis for what he p d - R d « 19 19 11 ?? p d - John Fran s - Atkinson 2 Do. • • * 9 November p d - for a Foxhead 2 - „ „ ...To Isaac Walsh 4 foxheads ... ... o - 4 - 26 July ...An Otters head to Jonas Bell o - 1 - o - 1 - 1753 6 May ...To Geo: Thompson a foxhead 3 June ...To Geo : Thompson for - 5 - fox Heads o - 5 - 14 Oct. ...A foxhead Halton o - 1 - o - 2 - O - I - O - 2 - O - I - o - 1 - o o - 2-0 27 July ...P d - for 3 Fox Heads John Swainson ... o - 3 - o i75 6 20 March ...Paid for a Fox Head W.C.* ... 23 June ...5 foxheads ... 1757 9 May ...P d - Emmetts for 3 foxheads o - 3 - o - 1 - 0-5-0 „ „ ...Bolton three foxheads o : 3- o 1753 1759 6 May ...Bolton for Foxheads 5 s - o - 5 - „ „ ...Embsay for Foxhead o- 1- o o - 2 - ...p d - Laurence Thornton for a Foxhead ... o - 1 - ° ...p d - Tho s Croft what he paid for 9 Fox- heads ... ...p d * John Chippy o - 9 " ° 0-2-0 Emmett for 3 Foxheads o - 3 - ° o - 4 - O - 2 - O - I ~ Note.— W.C.=Wm. Chippindale, then Churchwarden for Skipton. Naturalist. BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 263 1761 15 Feb. ...p d - Jno. Chippindale for 7 Foxheads ... o - 7 - o „ „ ...p d - Francis Atkinson for 4 Do. ... o - 4 - o ...p d - Wei bury Holgate for 5 Do. ... o - 5 - o 5 June ...p d - R. Emmett for two Foxheads by 55 ?> Thos Heelis ••• • • • ••• ••• 0-2-0 55 5? 55 5) 55 55 W 55 '5 55 1764 20 May 2 3 Sept. ^65 2 3 June 5> 55 55 55 22 Dec. 1766 55 M '5 55 1767 55 }> Sept. 1896. ...Geo. Demaine 2 foxheads ... ... o - 2 - ...Welbury Holgate foxhead ... ... o - 1 - « * ■ « • • * • • - * * VJ ** „ „ ...Jon n - Ward fox ... 1762 Jany ...p d - R d - Emmet for a Foxhead ... 11 May ... Do. for Do o - 1 - o 12 June ... Do. for 2 foxheads ... ...0-2-0 * - • 9 • • 11 Dec. ...p d - R d - Emmot for a foxhead • * • .. Foxhead Step n * Brig ...6 Fox Heads • • • » • • • • • • * * • 20 July ...One fox Head for Eastby & 5 for Hazle- wood 18 Dec ...foxhead • • • • • ... ••• ♦*♦ •*• 1 - o p d - Chris 1 "- Demaine Francis Atkinson and Gresham Holmes for 10 foxheads o - 10 - o ...p d - Wm. Fallis & Jno Phillip 2 Do. ... o - 2 - o 28 Nov ...Jno. Chippindale for 4 foxheads ... o - 4 - o „ „ ...W m - Roberts 3 foxheads ... ... o - 3 - o 1763 10 April ...7 Foxheads 17 April ...p d - R d - Emmet for 4 Foxheads by T. H. o - 4 - o 1 May ...p d * Do. for Do. ... o - 1 - o 7 Aug ...4 Fox Heads o - 4 - o ...14 Foxheads more ... o - 14 - o 0-7-0 o - 1 - o o - 1 - o o - 6 - o ...To Barden for 3 fox heads o- 3- o ...To Embsay for 1 Do. o - 1 - o ...To Hasiewood for 2 Do. ... ... o 2 - o ...2 Fox Heads o - 2 - o 18 May ...To Welbury Holgate for 3 Foxheads ... 0-3-0 ...To Geo: Demaine for 7 Ditto ... o - 7 - o ...ToRich d * Humplebyfor7 Ditto ... o - 7 - o 0-6-0 o - 1 - o 21 June ...Three fox Heads... *•• o- 3- o 20 Sept ...3 fox heads °- 3" ° •••Hazlewood one Do. ... ♦•♦ ••• o - 1 - o 264 BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS ACCOUNTS. 1768 20 March ...Three fox Heads • • • 19 June .five fox heads • • • • ?? v .one Do. .Two fox heads 1 8 Sept . 1769 19 March ,..2 fox heads • ■ m 18 June 17 Sept to 5 fox Heads ... To John Guyer for W m - Clemie for 4 fox heads • • m ■ 1770 17 June ...Lawrence Howden, Two fox Hds 5> 3? 16 Sept 1771 ...John Wilkinson for Three Do. ...To a fox Head 17 March ...To Two Foxheads Mr. Wise '? ?? j ?? •• V ?> ?? ?y 15 Dec. 1772 ..To one Do. for Barden ... No foxes in^\ Halton, a fox head ... future to be p d * | Hazlewood a foxhead for unless bro f - j Barden, six foxheads to Skipton. J Skipton Two Do. ...George Pettyt a fox head ...Tho s - Holms 2 fox heads 15 March ...A fox head 13 Sept ...Tho s - Holms 3 fox Heads • • . ?> 3> 1773 ...Mr. Tho s - Chippindale 2 foxheads March ?? ** j ...Jn°- Heelis for two foxheads ...Jn°- Heelis to Rich d * Emmot for a fo Head • • * • * » 12 Sept ...Tho s * Holms for foxheads „ ,, ...W m - Watkinson a fox head *774 • • * - • ■ • • • x J ..Tho s - Holmes three fox Heads as by Receipt • * • » « • • * ** JJ ••.Mr. Heelis Two fox Head • • ♦ * . * 1775 12 March ...to Tho* Holms for two foxheads • • • ?7 ?' ...to Mr. Bains for two foxheads • • « j j • • 10 Sept Heads . • . •* ?> ...Tho s - Wise for 1 Fox Head • • m * o - 3 ' - 5 - o - 1 - O - 2 - O - 2 - o - 5 - o - 4 - o - o - o - o - o - o - o - 1 - o - 3 - 2 - o - 1 - 6 - 1 - o - 3 - 2 - o 0-2-0 o - 3 - o - 1 - O - 2 - O - I - o - 1 - o - 1 - o - 6 - 0-2-0 o - 1 - o - 1 - ° 0-2-0 o O - 2 - O O-2-O - 5 - O - 2 ' o - I - o Naturalist, ,~> BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS ACCOUNTS 265 I776 10 March ...Francis Ward 3 Fox Heads M *• ..Will™- Croft Do. 9 June ...Francis Ward for 4 fox Heads 6 Oct 5> IJ ?J ** ...William Croft 2 Foxhead ...To Rich d - Emmott 1 Foxhead ...Mr. Chippindale A Foxhead ...Mr. Tho s - Chippindale Barden Fox h ds T 777 9 March ...William Rayner 2 Foxheads 8 June ...Mr. Thos. Chippindale 2 Foxheads . . . v ?? 5? ?? 7 Sept ?? >j 7 Dec 1778 6 Dec 1779 " " . 1780 5? " ?} 5? *• •■ 5? *■ ?5 ?J •• ft V '• ■* J> ?5 »J 8 Sept Sept. 1896. ...Jonathan Mason 1 Do. ...Mr. Tho s - Chippindale Barden 2 Do. ...W m - Renards two fox Heads ...Rich d - Emmott 2 foxheads ...Linal Holms for 2 fox Heads ... James Ward bill fox Heads Edmond Cart for 2 fox heads 6 June ...to James Ward for two Fox Heads ...to John Colton for three Do. ...To Rich d - Pettit 2 Foxheads » • • J Ditto 4 June ...To Rich d * Emmot 6 Foxheads ... ...Matthew Win Paid to W m * Mason for Foxheads ...To Henry Smith Barden Church\v da for 7 Fox Heads • * . » • » ♦ • • ...Nicholas Kendall for 2 Do. ...Mr. W: Myers Jun r Fox Head ... ...James Ward for Three Fox Heads ...Richard Pettyt Fox head 3 Sep. 3 Dec. 1781 10 June ...To Rich d - Emmott for 3 foxheads ...To William Mason 6 Foxheads... ...To Tho*- Emott 1 ...Simpson & Hudson 4 Do. Do. ...Nicholas Kendall four fox Heads 9 Sept 1782 9 June ...to 6 Fox Heads ... - • * ...to eight Fox Heads ...Geo. Demain 3 Fox Heads • • • • • • • * • • • * 8 • ■ * • * • • • o - 3 " o - 2 - o - 3 - o - o - 3 - o - o - o - o o - I - o 0-4-0 o o - I - o o - I - o 0-2-0 0-2-0 0-2-0 o - I - o 0-2-0 0-2-0 0-2-0 0-2-0 0-3-0 o - 2-0 0-2-0 o 0-2-0 o - 2-0 0-6-0 8 - o 0-7-0 0-2-0 o - 1 - o o : - I - o - 3 . - o 0-6-0 o - I - o o - 4 - o 0-4-0 6 - o 8-0 3 - o 266 EIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS ACCOUNTS. jj 11 ?> ji 1786 4 June » ?> 3 Dec. 1787 3 J un « '? ?? 1788 1 June j? ?? j? v •* ?> 1790 to three Foxheads 1783 8 June 1784 5 Sept. ...3 Foxes Heads ... 1785 5 June ...To Geo: Atkinson for 9 Fox heads 0-3-0 • • • o - 3 - * • • ...To Rob 1 - Gibson for 2 ...To Mr. G. Bayns for 1 Do. Do. • • * • • To Joseph Allen for 3 Fox Heads To George Hodgson & Co. for 5 Do. To John Summersgill for Foxheads • . . o - 3 " o - 5 " • • To sev Foxheads To W m - Hudson for one Foxhead • « William Hudson for Fox H ds - . . . • • • o - 7 Dec. 1789 7 June ...Geo. Gill Two Foxheads o - 3 " • • * • « • .William Dale two Do. .Thomas Ianson 3 Do. .Fourth Quarter Meeting .Bolton bill for repairs of a Heads &c. .John Holden 3 Fox Heads .Barden two Foxheads • * • o - 3 - Bridge Fox • • • • • • • • • 5 Sep. 1791 4 Dec. ...James Ward 3 Foxheads 1792 4 March ...Fox Head 2 Sept ...Jacob Walsh a Fox head 1793 3 March ...Ja s Ward Foxheads 2 June ...James Ward for Foxheads 1794 1 June ...Fox Heads J. Emmott ... 7 Sept ...4 Fox Heads ... 1795 6 Sept ...W m - Hudson for 2 Foxes' Heads 1796 5 June ...Five Foxheads to W m - Hudson .. 4 Sept ...Four Foxheads ... * • » • - 1 - • * o - • • • • • • • * o - o - * * o - 3 - o - 3 - o - 7 - o - 7 " 4 " 5 - o - 4 ' o - 9 - o - 2-0 o - 1 - o o 0-2-0 0-7-0 o - 1 - o 6 - o Mr. Thomas Chippindale for Fox Head o - 1 - o Tho s * Watkinson 3 Fox Heads ... o - 2 - o o - 2-0 c 8 - 7 0-2-0 1 - o o - 1 - o o o 6 - o o O - 2 - O o o Natural -m BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS* ACCOUNTS. 267 O - I - O *797 4 June ...John Holmes for a fox Head 1798 3 June ...Will Thompson 5 Foxheads ... ... o - 5 - o 2 Sept ...W m ' Croft 2 Fox Heads... 2 Dec ... 1 Fox head • • • . - . • • . 0-2-0 o - 1 - o • • % . . . » . 1799 3 March ...A Fox's Head 1 Sept ...Will m - Gill for a foxhead 1800 7 Sept ...Six Foxheads to Barden, Hazlewood and o - 1 - o o - 1 - o Storis ... • • * • • ••• • • • 0-6-0 1801 ...Nil 1802 5 June ...W m - Hudson Barden 4 Foxheads ... o - 4 - o .♦.Tho Harrison 2 Fox Heads ... ... o - 2 - o 5 Dec ...Geo Demaine Fox's head 1803 —Nil 1804 2 Dec ...For four Foxheads • » - o - 1 - o • • • ... o - 4 - o >» „ ...Isaac Walsh two Foxheads ... ... o - 2 - » n ...Robt Hustwick one Fox head ... ... o - 1 - o At this Meeting agreed that Half a Crown shall be allowed in future for Fox heads (say 2/6 p F. Head.) 1805 3 March ...Geo: Atkinson 2 Fox-heads ... ... o - 5 - » » ... Isaac Walsh 1 Do. ... ... o - 2 - 6 0-12- 6 2 June ...5 Foxheads 1806 2 March ...Geo: Atkinson 3 Foxheads ... ... o - 7 - 6 n >> -'-J- Smith i Do. ... ... o- 2- 6 n >, ...E. Moorhouse 8 Do. ... ... * - o - o 1 June ...Tho s * Ward & Barrett 4 fox Head ... o - 10 - o » „ ...Tho s - Atkinson & Ja s - Spencer Do. ...0-5-0 7 Sept ...Two Foxheads Holton ... ... ... o - 5 - n » ...Tho s - Atkinson 2 fox heads ... ... o - 5 - o n » ...Em 1 - Shiers 3 do. ... ...0-7-6 1807 1 March ...Tho s - Atkinson Foxheads (two)... ... o - 5 - o » )? ...Geo Lowcock one ditto ... ... ... o - 2 - 6 6 Dec ...W m - Waite Two Fox Heads ... o - 4 - o n >, ...Geo. Demaine 3 Fox Heads ... ... o - 7 - 6 » >, ...W 1 ^ Mawson 2 Fox Heads .-. ... o - 5 - o Sept. 1896. 268 BIRTWHISTLE: SKIPTON CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 1808 6 March ...Emmanuel Shiers Fox Heads 5 ... o - 12 - 6 5 June ...John Holmes 3 Foxes 3 Ferrets ... o - 8 - 6 „ „ ...John Jennings 6 Fox Heads o - 15 - „ „ ...Tho s - Atkinson 7 Fox Heads 0-17- 6 4 Sept ..J no - Jennings 2 Fox Heads o - 5 - ...Tho s - Atkinson 1 Fox do. ... ... o - 2 - 6 4 Dec ...Pole Cat ... # • 1* >> j? ?j » ?> 4 June . . .John Jennings 5J 5J l8lO March ...William Lowcock Fox Heads • •• *•• . . . • » » 7 Sept ...3 Fox Heads » . ?5 ?? n ?t ?j ...Three do. ...One do. ...Five Fox heads * • • • » • a * O-O-4 1809 5 March ...Jn°- Jennings one Fox o- 2 - 6 „ „ ...Tho s - Atkinson 2 Do o- 5- o ...W ra - Mawson 1 Do o - 2 - 6 ...Francis Shiers 1 Do. ... ... ...0-2-6 ...Peter Sheldin 2 Fomarts o - o - 8 1 Foxhead ... ... o - 2 - 6 ...W m - Phillip 1 Foxhead o- 2- 6 • • • o - 5 - • • • • • o - 5 - 3 June . . . W m - West 2 Fox Heads ... o - 5 - o 2 Sept ...John Pickup 2 I 1811 ...Nil 1812 7 June ...2 Fox Heads (G. Sidg k -) o - 5 - o 6 Dec ...Geo. Sidgwick 2 Fox's Heads o - 5 - o 1813 6 June ...Foxheads ... 4 Sept ...2 Fox Heads 1814 0-7-6 o - 5 - o - 7 - • * • - - - o - 5 - • •• • • • *•• o * * • • 9 1 • • » O - 2 - o • 15 • o - 7 " o - 2 - * • • 6 5 March ...i Fox Head (to Tho* Petty) . o - 2 - 6 n » -.2 Fox Heads (to John Holden) ... o - 5 3 Dec ...3 Foxheads 1815 ...Nil 1816 4 June ...2 Fox Heads „ „ ...10 Fox Heads ... ... 1-5-0 7 - 6 7 Dec ...J, Petty 1 Foxhead ... ... ...0-2-6 „ „ .. J. Crabtree 2 Fox heads o - <; - o 1S17 r March ...Fox Head 7 June ...Six Fox heads 6 6 6 o - 10 - o Naturalist BIRTWHISTLE : SKIPTOX CHURCHWARDENS ACCOUNTS. 269 1818 6 June ...10 Fox Heads 5 Sept. ...Fox Head 4 Dec 1819 6 March 5 J u ne « * • ...Fox Head • • • Fox Head Six Fox Heads ... » One Do. • • • Four Fox Heads . . . W m - Gill 5 Fox Heads 4 Sept 4 Dec 1820 4 March ...2 Fox Heads ...2 Fox Heads • • - 3 June • • • • • • • 35 33 .17 Fox Heads J. Hall received pay for 6 Fox Heads for J. Walker & Co. .3 Pole Cats .2 Fox Heads 2 Dec 33 33 1821 3 March ...W»- Gill i Fox Head, i Do 2 June 1 Sept 1 Dec • • @ ...8 Fox Heads • ..Fox Head ...Do. Do. • • 33 33 1822 1 June 7 Sept 1823 1 March ...1 Pole Cat • • • • . Fox-head . . .5 Foxheads • • l ...5 Fox Heads ...6 Do. Do. ...2 Pole Cats 7 June 33 33 6 Dec 1824 6 March ...Fox Heads 2 ♦ • • • • • * • 33 33 ..Pole Cat ... 5 June ...3 Fox Heads "3 » . . • 3 Do. ..Pole Cat ... 4 Sept 1825 4 June ...Fox Heads 3 3 Sept 3 Dec • • • • • • • * • * *"< ** ...i Fox Head ...5 Pole Cats ...1 Fox Head • * * » 1 - o - 5 " o - 2 - 6 2 - 6 o - 2-6 o - 15 - o o - 2 - 6 o - 10 - O - 12 - o - 5 - o - 5 - 2 - 2 - O - I - o - 5 - O - 2 - O - 2 - O - 2 - O - 12 - O - 12 - O - I o - o - o - 7 - 0-7 o - o. - 6 6 c - 5 - 0-7-6 1 - o - o 6 6 6 6 0-0*4 6 o 8 0-5-0 0-0-4 6 6 4 o - 7-6 o - 2 - 6 0-1-8 o - 2-6 S*pt, 189 270 NOTES AND NEWS. 1826 4 March ...1 Foxhead 3 June ...Fox Heads 5 Skipton ?? ?? ..Do. Do. 7 Barden ..Fox Head ..Fox Head 5 Sept 2 Dec 1827 3 March ...Fox Head • • o - 2-6 o - 12 - 6 o - 17 - 6 0-2-6 0-2-6 ♦ • • • • * 3 June 1828 7 June .3 Pole Cats .4 Fox Heads • • * • - • • • • • 0-2-6 o - 1 - o o - 10 - JJ ?? Fox heads 5 Fox Heads One Fox Head • • • • • 6 Sept 1829 7 March ...Fox Head • • o - 5 - O - 12 - O - 2 - 6 6 • • - m * • « * * O - 2 - ** 7J >» J? Do. Do. Mr. Woodrup Fox H d -bv Mr, 6 o - 2-6 • • 6 June ...Church Articles, Fox Head & buckett . •' ?> Isaac Walsh 2 Foxheads ♦ • • 1830 O - 2 - O - 7 - o - 5 - 6 5 June ...Fox Head (Skipton) • • • O - 2 - ?? ?j 4 Sept >3 n .Fox Head Hazlew d .Embsey Churchwarden 2 fox Heads .Thos Ward for Barden 1 1 fox Heads o - 6 2 - 6 • • - - 5 " 1 - 7 - o 6 NOTES AND NEWS. Mr. R Newstead the talented and energetic curator of the Chester Museum, continues his series of useful papers « Observations on Coccidaj,' of which No. 15 appeared in the Entomologists' Monthly Magazine for June. . r^lU r n C °°rt*- - G -?" J- L ' S -' of Lincoln, has favoured us with a reprint of a paper of h.s in the Geological Magazine for May, in which he gives Note, on the « Pleistocene Beds" of the Maltese Islands,' hi which group he has done so much good work. v,riL , fi t . SoCiet 7 °f plural Science and Literature, with its many and varied I ramifications, is still in a flourishing state, as we learn from the Who £ T > l895 ", 90 ' W » Ch fe lat - e i y reached «*• D r. H. Stolterfoth, J. P.. the Sodet " Scienllfi c Secretary, is now we see President of whiS^T number - of l , he / Nor * Lonsdale Magazine and Furness Miscellany/ SJminH v fc r fi 1Ved fr T ?'* t* Ster Pctt y' contain « » interesting and DudHcn Mn »SE f d ti. Paper *?■ ReV ' F ; A - Mall eson, on • Wordsworth and the nSSnH^t , VTT 6 I s P leasan «y interspersed with references to Naturalist, NOTES AND NEWS. 27 1 AN ANGLER'S PARADISE. An Angler's Paradise | and | How to Obtain it | By | J. J. Armistead | [4 lines of titles] | Published by | The Angler Limited, at the Offices, Scarborough | and 143, Strand, W.C. | 1895 [8vo, cloth, xviii-f 304 pages 4- 8 plates]. The present work, which we are glad to note has run into a second edition, though there does not appear to be any direct indication thereof on the title-page of the copy now lying before us, gives a very comprehensive view of the subject. It is divided into two parts, the first of which, in four chapters, treats of an Angler's Paradise, the second, of fifteen chapters, entering into the practical details of 'how to obtain it.' Mr. Armistead, who has now carried out pisciculture with singular ability and success for a lengthened period of years at the Solway Fishery near Dumfries, commencess, after some general remarks on the subject of fish-culture, with an account of his own first beginnings in Cumberland in 1868, along with the late John Parnaby. It was not till 1882 that the establishment was transferred to its present location. The second part of the work is the practical one, dealing successively with the construction of fish-ponds, their cultivation and suitable plants for stocking them with, how to stock them with fish, the hatchery and its construction, collecting the eggs, incubating them, hatching them, packing and unpacking them, and the care of 4 alevins,' or newly-hatched fish. Pond-life forms the subject of an interesting chapter in which are mentioned the insects, crustaceans, and mollusks, which are either the food of the young trout or prey upon them. Then follow chapters on rearing the fry, the yearling stage, and the management of mature trout, and the concluding chapter deals with salmon culture. The last page is devoted to an appendix on how to make a rat trap or what appears to be rather a rat exterminator. The whole work abounds in facts, hints, and suggestions of great value, and is throughout of very great interest. The illustrations are numerous, the full-page plates giving views of the writer's establish- ment at the Solway Fishery. NOTES AND NEWS. Want of space has hitherto prevented our noting the decease of the Rev. H. F. Bames-Lawrence, C.M.Z.S., of Bridlington, to whom we owe the original incep- tion of the first Wild Birds' Protection Act ; and that of Mr. Peter Inchbald, f-L.S.. F./.S., of Hornsea, an all-round naturalist, who not only accomplished much himself, hut from his profession as a schoolmaster was able to instil the love of natural history into not a few men who have since achieved distinction. ~pt. 1896. 272 BRITISH ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA. The I Hymenoptera Aculeata | of the | British Islands. | A Descriptive Account of the Families, Genera, and | Species Indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, | with notes as to Habits, Localities, Habitats, J etc. | By | Edward Saunders, F.L.S. | London : | L. Reeve & Co., | . . | 6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. | 1896. [8vo. cloth, viii 4-391 pages + 3 plates]. Such a large amount of excellent critical work in respect of our stinging hymenoptera has been done since the publication of the late Mr. Frederick Smith's well-known Catalogues (which were really monographs), more especially by Mr. Saunders, who is now our undisputedly chief authority, that the appearance of the present volume is well-timed. The number of species treated of is 374, of which 20 are Ants, 127 are Fossores or Sand-wasps, 23 are true Wasps, and 204 are Bees. The introduction gives a long list of entomologists who have given assistance to the author in his researches, as well as an enumeration of previous works and papers covering the same ground. Three plates are given, the first of which is a ■ structural ' ont, in which Priocnemis is used as a type, and details are also given of parts of Bombus, Psithyrus* Halutus, Andre na, and Cerceris. The other two give figures of the mouth-parts of different genera of Bees. The introduction describes the anatomy, internal and external, and gives some useful notes on collecting, which might have been advantageously extended to greater length and detail. The monographic part itself follows, giving in addition to the descriptions, useful keys to the genera and species. The account of each species includes notices of distribution in Britain, times of appearance, and such details as are obtainable as to habits and economy. There is not, however, as much indication of synonymy as might have been wished for by many students. A few exotic species of ants which have established themselves are included, but without adequate description. We presume there is an edition with coloured plates, but the copy before us gives no indication whatever on the point, and does not even contain an advertisement either of such an edition or of the whole series of these works. 1 The author is to be congratulated on the admirable thoroughness with which he has performed his task, and the publishers on the addition of so important a volume to their excellent series 01 monographic works on the British insect-fauna. j ■■" Naturalist 273 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT GRANTHAM. R. W. GOULDING. 'The natural history of the soke of Grantham, if particularly- attended to, would probably be confined to a few objects, and may seem of little importance to the admirer of general and extended views; the naturalist, however, will not be totally disappointed/ With these unenthusiastic words the Reverend contributor of an appendix to that well-known book, Tumor's 'Collections for the History of the Town and Soke of Grantham,' introduced his sketch of the natural history of the district ninety years ago. The tenth field meeting of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union was held at Grantham on the 16th June, for the investigation of Ancaster and neighbourhood, Nat. Hist. Divs. 15 and (just touch- ing) 14. The meeting was highly successful, the weather fine, the attendance large, and the district interesting, particularly for field- geology. Amongst those present were the President of the Union (Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.), the two ex- Presidents (Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., and Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S.) ; Mr. J. H. Cooke, B.Sc, F.L.S., F.G.S., the Rev. R. W, Goodall, Mr. J. S. Sneath, and Mr. F. H. Fowler, of Lincoln ; the Rev. Wm, Fowler, M.A., of Liversedge ; the Rev. W. H. Daubney, of Leasingham ; the Rev. W. W. Mason, of Bootle ; the Rev, A. Thornley, of South Leverton ; Mr. Coke, of Nottingham ; Miss Woolward, of Belton; Mr. Coombs, of Huddersfield; Mr. and Miss Stow; Mr. H. Preston, F.G.S. ; Mr. B. Crow, Mr. T. Gelsthorp, Mr. R. W. Goulding, Mr. J. Mawer, of Louth ; and the Organising Secretary, the Rev. E. Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock. The party, which numbered nearly fifty persons, had the advantage of being led by Mr. H. Preston, F.G.S., who combines a faculty of lucid exposition with a comprehensive geological knowledge. V summary of his work on this district will appear later in /The Naturalist' — May we hope this will not be his first paper. He pointed out the various interesting physical features en route, and seemed to know the exact places at which to stop, and the exa explanations to give. Leaving Grantham about 10-40 the par proceeded in three drags along the Manthorpe Road. In an adjacent field, Thrift {Armeria mariiima) was observed growing in plenty. This was considered a very good record, as Thrift is commonly found on the tops of mountains or on sea-shores, but not in meadows inland. Mr. Cordeaux, who noticed the plant Sept. 1896, s 2 74 GOULDING : LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT GRANTHAM. in several other localities, was of opinion that it is a relic of the time when the tide had access to the valley, being perhaps the only surviving representative of the old fitty-flora. After passing through Belton and Syston, the first halt was made at Barkston, where a good section of Marlstone was seen, and where Mr. Preston delivered the first of a series of lecturettes with which he favoured the visitors during the day, his remarks being illustrated by diagrams. He gave a description of the Middle Lias, and the general lie of the strata. In this exposure the characteristic fossils Rhynconella tetrahedra and Terebratula punctata were collected. At Honington, where the Celandine {Chelidonium majus) was very abundant by the hedge sides, another halt was made, and Mr. Preston indicated the diversion of the river Witham from its ancient course near Barkston, causing the river to leave its north and east direction and to flow westward; he also drew attention to the gap in the Lincolnshire Cliff, which he considered to have been produced by the ancient river Witham when it flowed east- ward on through Sleaford to a great bay now known as the Fenland; another feature was the Watershed crossing the valley near Ancaster, by which two small streams which rise in close proximity to each other are diverted; one, the Honington Beck, flowing westward through the gap, the other, the river Slea, flowing eastward along the valley to Sleaford. Driving thence through West Willoughby, and arriving at Ancaster, two parties were formed. The geologists visited the railway cutting to take a view of the anticlinical bend in the Limestone Rocks, in which bend were several large vertical fissures 20 to 30 feet wide, produced probably by denudation along lines of weakness in the bent rocks. The botanists were conducted by Mr. and Miss Stow, who have a thorough knowledge of local plants and their habitats, to an old quarry, where some good finds were made. The four be^t were the Field Fleawort (Senecio campestris), which Mr. Peacock described as one of the rarest plants in the county, the Squi nancy- wort (Asperu/a cynanchicd), Rupture-wort and glottis). hand per Rock Rose {Helianthemum vulgare) and the Horse-shoe Vetch {Hippocrepis camosa) were abundant Wild Thyme was plentiful on the road-sides near, and of the other plants found, Specularia kybrida may be mentioned. One curious thing observed in the quarry was a spider's web containing the remains of two or three 4 Common Blue' Butterflies {Lycarna alexis). V. Naturalist, GOULDING : LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT GRANTHAM. 275 1 Mr. Gelsthorp found a land-shell. Helix ericetorum, fairly abundant on the bank of the railway-cutting at Ancaster. The geologists and botanists having united again, the whole party went to Ancaster Stone Quarry, where Mr. Preston explained the Upper Estuarine series of green, blue, and mottled clays, over- lying the Lincolnshire Limestone. Near this quarry the Corn Gromwell {Lithospcrmum officinale) was found. The return route was through a green lane to Ermine Street, and thence through Syston Park. In Syston Lake Limnatithemum peltatum, a large floating aquatic plant with yellow flowers, was much admired; it is supposed to have been sown by birds. Leaving Syston the party returned along the Barkston Road, through Belton, reaching Grantham about 4.45. High tea was provided at the George Hotel, and after tea several short speeches were made. The President (the Rev. Canon Fowler) spoke of the meeting as one of the most successful ever held by the Union. With respect to insects, he said that those found during the day tvere very few. There were, however, two good records for beetles, one Bruchns a'sti, which is found upon Rock Rose, and the other, Ceiithorrhynchas echii After congratulating the society on having been accompanied by Miss Woolward, of Belton, to whom he paid ^ high compliment, stating that she drew the plates for Day's British Fishes, and for an important work on" orchids, lithographing the plates herself without spoiling a single stone, he concluded by proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Preston for his services as guide. Mr. Preston having replied, Mr. Cordeaux reported on the birds seen and heard. These comprised the Wood Wren, Willow Wren, Chiffchaff, Garden Warbler, Nightingale, Redstart, Tree Pipit, Turtle Dove, Wood Pigeon, Carrion Crow, Magpie, Coot, Wood ^ arbler and Whitethroat. The Wood Wren he described as rather local and rare, and he added that the Turtle Dove and Nightingale eemed to be extending their range in North Lincolnshire. He also invited the Union to hold a meeting at Great Coates on the &th September. The last report was that of the Rev. Wm. Fowler, who said that the botanists had had a very enjoyable day. They had been fortunate in finding the tall form of Setudo campestris. The specimens obtained on the Gog Magog Hills were quite small, from six to eight inches high, but those seen during the day were from a foot and a half to two feet in height. After referring to Limnanthemum and Arnuria^ he concluded by saying that Spinea filipendula and Cnicus acaulis and C. eriophorus were -worthy G f note. It being then about 5.45 the proceedings terminated. Sept. 1S96, 276 GOULDING : LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT GRANTHAM. The Rev. E. Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock writes of the whole week : — The botanical work of this meeting of the Union began on Monday, the 15th, and continued all the week. In conjunction with Mrs. V. F. Wilson and party, I verified the old locality for Thesium humifusum on the High Dyke, Leadenham, Div. 13. There, too, we luckily chanced on Hypocharis metadata — a true native, which will undoubtedly prove the best find of the whole season. Most of the rarer limestone species were noted on the 15th, the best re-discovery being Rumex pulcher at Fulbeck. The 16th brought all the best botanists in the county together, but twenty pair of critical eyes failed to add anything new to such w r ell-worked ground as the Ancaster-Grantham neighbourhood. Messrs. Fowler, Mason, and Peacock went to Spalding on the evening of the 16th, and worked up the flora of Div. 18, till the party broke up on the 19th thanks to the hospitality of the Rev. M. H. Marsden, vicar of Spalding, and other courteous gentlemen. Full notes were made during this week on some 260 genera; but Div. 18 yielded nothing of very great interest beyond the well-known fenland species. For Cowbit Wash was dry, the fish lying dead on the mud at the bottom of the empty drains. The Rev. Alfred Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., reports a follows : — Owing to the very dry weather, and the fact that the day was arranged rather in the interests of the geologists than of the entomologists, these last have not much to report. In one of the Ancaster quarries Bruchus cisti, an uncommon little beetle, was taken freely in flowers of Helianthemum. In the large quarry a few specimens of the local Centhorhynchits echii (geographicuni) occurred, but with the exception of a single specimen of Centhorhynchns chrysanthemi icampestris), these were the only beetles of note. A specimen of Carabus monilis was secured in an old quarry ; and Elaphrus riparius, with Bembidium fiammulatum^ abounded amongst the beautiful Villarsia in the muddy end of the lake in Syston Park. A fine but not uncommon Dragon-fly {Libellula depressa) was captured in the wood by Ancaster Quarry. The following common Hemiptera (bugs) were swept in places — Leptoterna dolobrata L and Scolopostethus adjunctus D. & S. The Lepidoptera were not very abundant, the season being yet early for butterflies. The following were seen or captured — Canonympha pamphilus^ Hipparchia janira^ Polyommatus icarus^ Pamphila sylvanus y and Thanaos tages. Euchelia jacobea was in great abundance in one of the quarries, in which also occurred both larvae and cocoons of a Zygana, possibly Z lonicercz, as the common Z.Jilipendulce would be out. Many of these cocoons were secured, and the results are being awaited with interest. Natural^, 277 ON THE HEPATICiE AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. GEORGE STABLER, L evens ) MUnthorpe, Westmorland. THIRD PAPER. (For Second Paper, see " The Naturalist,' May 1896, /. 133*) 34- Pleuridium alternifoliurn (Kaulf.). On ant-hills, Sizergh Fell (Barnes and Stabler, 1870); Heversham Head (Barnes and Stabler, 1868). 35. Ditrichum homomallum (Hedw.) Hampe. Trkhostomum homomallum Schpr. Syn. Helvellyn (Greville) ; Bowness (F. Clowes); Kentmere (1868); Grayrigg Forest (Barnes, 1869) ; Langdale (1893). 3&- Ditrichum flexicaule (Schleich.) Hampe. Trkhostomum Bry. Brit. Leptotrichitm Schpr. Barrow Field (Barnes, 1867) ; Whitbarrow (1872); by river Lune nearlngmire Hall (1882); Mallerstang (1888). Var. densum (Br. and Schpr.). Whitbarrow (Barnes and Stabler, 187 1) ; Helsington Barrows (Barnes) ; Brigsteer Wood (1887). 37- Swartzia montana (Lamk.) Lindb. Xfistichium capillaceum (L.) Sch. Helvellyn (Clowes, 1854); Hill Bell (Clowes, 1855); Swindale (Barnes, 1867); by river Lune, near Ingmire Hall (Stabler, 1882) ; Dolly waggon Pike and Long Sleddale (Binstead, 1886). 38- Dicranella crispa (Ehrh.) Schpr. In a ravine, Oxendale (Binstead, 1885). 39- Dicranella heteromalla (Dill., L.) Schpr. Windermere (Clowes); Ulpha Crag (Barnes, 1868); Kentmere Hall Plantation (1868); Hill Bell (r868); The Moss, Levens (1867); Staveley; Kirkstone Pass (1S81) : Wildboar Fell (1888). 40. Dicranella cerviculata (Huds.) Schpr. Ulpha Moss (Barnes, 1868); Foulshaw Moss (1868); Benson Knot (Binstead, 1885) ; Levens. 4*- Anisothecium rubrum (Huds.) Lindb. Dicranella varia (Hedw.). Near Low (rill railway station (Barnes, 1S67); Ulpha (1868); Levens Park; Grayrigg Forest (1868): by river Eden, Mallerstang (1S8S). Var. tenuifbliura (Bruch). Milnthorpe (Barnoi. epc 1896. 8 STABLER : HEPATIC^ AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 42. Anisothecium rufescens (Dicks.) Lindb. Windermere (Clowes); on sandstone near Farleton (1867); sandstone quarry, Ravenstonedale (Barnes, 1872). 43. Anisothecium crisputn (Schreb.) Lindb. Dicranella Schreheri (Hedw.) Sch. Synop. Caldron Snout, Teesdale (Black) ; Barbon Fell (Binstead and Stabler, 1885); Benson Knot (Binstead, 1885). Var. elatum Schpr. Dicranella lent a Wilson's MSS. Boggy places near Hang Bridge, Milnthorpe (Barnes and Stabler, 1872). 44. Anisothecium squarrosum (Starke) Lindb. Windermere- c.fr. (Clowes) j Hill Bell (1868); Fairfield (Barnes, 1868);. Swindale (1887); Mardale ; Wildboar Fell ; Tebay. 45. Seligeria Donii (Sm.) C. MuelL Maize Beck (R. Barnes, 'Naturalist/ July 1890). 46. Seligeria acutifolia var. /?. (fide Lindberg in litt., 19th Sep. r 187 1). On limestone rocks, Levens Park (Barnes and Stabler, 1868); Heversham Head ; near Kendal (Binstead, 1893). 47. Seligeria setae ea (Wulf.) Lindb. Seligeria recurvata Hedw. Near Ambleside, Sir J. E. Smith in FI. Brit., 1804 ; Winder- mere (Clowes); Kentmere Plantation (1869); Nab Scar (1868); Harter Fell (1869); Staveley ( 1870) ; Grayrigft Forest (1868) ; Groove Ghyll, Barbon; Benson Knot near Kendal (Binstead, 1885) ; on boulder in Brigsteer Wood. 48. Brachyodontium trichodes (Web. et Mohr.) Fiirnv. Brachyodus trichodes Bry. Brit. Grayrigg Forest near Low Borrow Bridge, among screes (Barnes and Stabler, 1868) j in the lower end of the Kentmere Valley (1868) ; Harter Fell (1868). 49. Blindia acuta (Huds.) B. & S. Long Sleddale (T. Gough) ; Caldron Snout (J. G. Baker) ; Windermere (Clowes) ; Mar- dale (Barnes, 1868); Nab Scar (1868); Langdale ; ' Nan Bieid (1869); Grisedale; Deepdale (W. B. Waterfall) J Wildboar Bell. 50. Didymodon denudatus (Brid.) Lindb. Dicranodontium longirostre (Web. et Mohr,). Bowness (Hunt, 1865); in the ghyll near Sweedon Bridge, Scandale (1887); Potter Fell (Binstead, 1886) ; Wildboar Fell (1888). $t. Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz.) Bridel. Campylopus tur- faceus B. & S. Ulpha Crag (Barnes, 1868); on the Pea* Moss, Foulshaw (1868). >,\ituraMr stabler: hepatic.*: and musci of Westmorland. 279 52. Campylopus fragilis (Dicks.) Br. & Schp. Campylopus densus Bry. Brit. Barrow Field on rocks (Barnes and Stabler, 1867); Stock Ghyll (1867); Saletarn Knotts, Kent- mere (1869); Witherslack ; Grasmere and Tebay (Binstead); Cock Hag in Underbarrow. 53 Campylopus Harrison Stickle (Binstead, 1885); [Styehead Pass, Borrowdale (Hunt, 1871)]. 54- Campylopus flexuosus (L.) Brid. Ulpha Moss (Barnes and Stabler, 1867); Rydal Falls (1877); Naddle Forest; Barrow Field ; Plaice Fell (W. B. Waterfall) ; Outh Ghyll, Mailers tang. 55- Campylopus paradoxus Wils. Foulshaw Moss (Barnes, 1868); Helvellyn (H. N. Dixon, 1891). In deference to W. Wilson this is here placed as a species, but I have always considered it as merely a vigorous state of C flexuosus, induced, in this instance, by the dung of sea-gulls. C.flexuosus is abundant on the Moss. 5 6 - Campylopus atrovirens De Not. (C. hmgipilus Brid.). Common in wet places among the mountains; Harter Fell and Nan Bield (1869); Scandale; Kentmere, 57- Campylopus brevipilus Br.Sch. Langdale (Barnes, 1867X?) [Clougha near Lancaster (1881).] 58. Dicranoweissia cirrhata (L.) Lindb. On slates of the Peat-house roof, Levens Hall (Barnes and Stabler, 1867); Patterdale, on rocks (1886). 59- Dicranoweissia crispula (Hedw.) Lindb. Naddle Low Forest (1882) ; Tarn Crags and Dollywaggon Pike, Helvellyn (Binstead, 1886); head of Longsleddale (Binstead, 1888). 60. Dicranum fulvellum (Dicks.) Sm. Arctoa fulvella Bry. Brit. Striding Edge (Baker, 1867); Fairfield (1871); High Street; Bow Fell (Barnes, 1871); Keppel Cove (W. B. Waterfall, 1887); Dungeon Ghyll (Binstead). 61. Dicranum Schisti (Gunn) Lindb. £>. Blytiii Br.& Sch. Near the summit of Helvellyn above Red Tarn (H. N.Dixon, 1891). 62. Dicranum falcatum Hedw. Helvellyn (J. Nowell). 63- Dicranum Starkei Web, Mohr. Helvellyn (H. N. Dixon, 1891). 64. Dicranum majus Smith. Windermere (Clowes) ; Stock Ghyll (1S68); Mardale ; by river Lune near Ingmire Hall; Scandale ; Underbarrow ; Wasdale Crag, near Shap ( T. A. Martindale, 1889). ^pt. 1896. 280 STABLER : HEPATIOE AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 65. Dicranum scoparium (L.) Hedw. Stock Ghyll (Sidebotham, 1845); Windermere (Clowes); Kentmere (1868); Ulpha Moss (Barnes, 1868); Grayrigg; Naddle Forest; Heversham Head. Var. alpestre (Huebn.). High Street (1869); damp peaty place, Gavel Crag, High Street (Binstead, 1886). Var. turfosum (Schultz) Brid. Skeggleswkter (Binstead, 1885); Wildboar Fell (1888). Var. orthophyllum Brid. Bowness (G. E. Hunt); Wither- slack (Barnes and Stabler, 1867); Rydal (1868); Low Ghyll (Barnes). 66. Dicranum Bonjeani DeNot. (D. palustre LaPyl.). Bogs near Bowness (Atkinson, Barnes and Stabler) ; Foulshaw (1872); Benson Knot (Binstead). ♦ Var. juniperifolium (Sendt.). Wildboar Fell ( 1 888). A large Dicranum with undulate leaves is found on the Barrows, north-east of Helsington Church, in dry places, and has been considered to be D. undulatum % but being barren it is difficult to determine. 67. Dicranum fuscescens Turner. Rydal (Barnes, 1867); Naddle Forest (Barnes and Stabler, 1869). [Launchy Ghyll, Thirlmere (Binstead, 1886); Clougha, near Lancaster 1881)]. [Dicranum Scottii Turner. On granite rocks, Eskdale, Cumberland (Binstead, 1894)]. 68. Dicranum uncinatum (Hedw.) C. Muell. Dicranodontium circinatum (Wils.). Dungeon Ghyll (H. N. Dixon, 1891); [Granite rocks, Eskdale, Cumberland, (Binstead, 1894).] 69. Dichodontium pellucidum (L.) Schimp. Windermere (Clowes, 1854); Longsleddale (Gough) ; Langdale (Barnes, 1867); Mardale and Fairfield (Barnes); Hill Bell; Stock Ghyll; by river Lune near Sedbergh ; Mallerstang. 70. Dichodontium flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb. (£>. pellucidum var. serratum Sch.). Stock Ghyll (1876); Levens Park; Barbon Beck. ft* Oncophorus poly carpus (Ehrh.) Brid. (Cynodontium poly carpum Sch p.) Rydal (Borrer, 1845); Blea Tarn, Mardale and Red Screes (F. Clowes, 1855); rocks at the Head of Hartsop Beck (A. Ley, 1880); head of Longsleddale and Helm Crag, Grasmere (Binstead, 1885); Plaice Fell (W. B. Waterfall, 1887). Naturalist, STABLER: HEPATICiE AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 281 7 2 - Oncophorus Bruntoni (Sm.) Lindb. Cynodontium Bruntoni Bry, Brit. Kettle Crags, Langdale, and Helm Crag, Grasmere (Binstead, 1885). 73- Oncophorus crispatus (Dicks.) Lindb. (Rhabdoweissia denti- culata Sch.). Grasmere (Clowes, 1855); under shady rocks, Helvellyn (J. Nowell, 1867); Grasmere and Rydal (Whalley, 1864); Hill Bell. 74- Oncophorus Striatus (Schrad.) Lindb. Rhabdoweissia fugax H. Grasmere and Langdale Pikes (Sidebotham, 1845); Grayrigg Forest (1868); High Street; Harter Fell; Patterdale. 75- Oncophorus crenulatus (Mitt.) Braithw. Far Easedale (C. H. Binstead, 1885); Westmorland (G. Jameson, Sep. 1889). 76. Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Windermere (Clowes and Barnes); Scout Scar (1868); Levens Park; Oxenholme ; Mallerstang. Fam. TORTULACE.E. 77- Ephemerum serratum (Schreb.) Hampe. Levens and Foulshaw (1868); near Arnside Tower (Barnes, 1870); Kentmere; Barrow Field, near Kendal. 78. Acaulon muticum (Schreb.) C Mueli Sphcerangium muticum Sch. Synop. Helsington Barrows (Barnes, 1870) ; Whitbarrow (Barnes and Stabler, 1871) ; Hincaster (Barnes); beside a rabbit burrow, Levens Park (1881); Witherslack, on mud-capped wall. 79- Phascum acaulon L. Phascum cuspidatum Schreb. Levens (Barnes and Stabler, 1S67), plentiful; Arnside (Barnes, 1870); Beetham (1868). [Var. piliferum Schreb. On sandy rocks, St. Bee's Head, Cumberland (W. B. Waterfall, 1886)]. &o. Phascum curvicollum Ehrh. By the highway side, near Kendal racecourse (Barnes, 1871); Arnside (Barnes, 1871); Brigsteer Brow (1885). 81. Pottia recta (With.) Mitt. Phascum rectum Sm. On hedge bank, 868), 82. Pottia bryoides (Dicks.) Mitt. Phascum bryoides Dicks. Levens Park (Barnes, 1868); on anthills at Arnside (Barnes); Sizergh Fell (1870); Whitbarrow, on a path; abundant in a sandy cultivated field, Nether Levens (1885); the Serpentine, Kendal (Binstead, 1887). V «PU 1896. 282 STABLER : HEPATIC/E AND MITSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 83. Pottia Heimii (Hedw.) Fuernr. Plentiful in sandy places by the estuary of the river Gilpin, Levens (Barnes and Stabler, 1868); Sandside (Barnes and Stabler, 1872); Meathcp 84. Pottia Just) P. truncate. Natland (John ; Staveley (1867) ; Amble- side (1867) ; Arnside Tower (Barnes, 1870). 85. Pottia intermedia (Turn.) Fuernr. Levens Park (Feb. 1885). 86. Pottia littoralis Mitten. On the marsh, Sampool, Levens (1888). 87. Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) C. Muell. Anacalypta lanceolata Bry. Brit. On my garden walk, Levens (1867) ; Whitbarrow (Barnes, 1868). Var. leucodonta Schpr. On mud-capped walls near Brough (1890). 88. Pottia Starkei (Hedw.) C. Muell. Near Whitbarrow Halt (Barnes and Stabler, 1869) ; Levens Park (1886). Var. Duvallii (Sm.) Lindb. P. minuttda v. conica. Barrow- Field and on the garden path at Greengate Cottage, Levens (Barnes, 1871). 89. Tortilla Steliata (Schreb.) Lindb. Barbula rigida Schulte. On mud-capped wall near Bowness (Barnes, 1868). 90. Tortuia Barbula ambigua. On mud-capped wall, Windermere (Barnes, 1868) ; on a bank near Whitbarrow Hall (1885). 91. Tortuia aloides (Koch.) De Not. Nether Levens (Barnes, 1868); Broad Hill, Beathwaite Green; Heaves (1869); Whitbarrow Hall (1887). 92. Tortuia muralis (L.) Hedw. Very common on walls and rocks; Levens (1870). 93, Tortuia Levens Park (1886); Barbon Fell (1885); Pooley Bridge; Mallerstang; Ambleside; Kirkby Stephen. >rtula mutica Lindb. Barbula latifolia Br. By the river Kent, Nether Levens (Barnes, 1869); Levens Park c.fr. (1872); Steph 95. Tortuia papillosa Wils. On apple trees, Beathwaite Green (Barnes and No well, 1867); on sycamore in the playground of Levens Boys' School ; on oak, Foulshaw (1870). 96. Tortuia laevipila (Brid.) Schwaegr. On trees, Levens Park, (Barnes, 1868) ; Windermere (Clowes) : on elm, Heversham Churchyard; Dallam Tower Park ; Nateby (1887). Naturfl lisf* STABLER : HEPATIC/E AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. 283 97- Tortula montana (Nees) Lindb. Barbula intermedia Milde. Common on limestone walls at Whitbarrow, Levens, and Kirkby Stephen. 98. Tortula ruralis (L.) Ehrh. Brigsteer (Barnes, 1868); on hedge-bank, Natland ; Underbarrow (1887). 99- Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. Barbula squarrosa Brid., Sch., Syn. II. Barrow Field (Binstead and Marquand,, 1885); Heversham Head, in an old stone quarry; on exposed rocks, Brigsteer Wood (1887) ; Arnside Knot (1893). 100. Mollia microstoma (Hedw.) Lindb. Hymenostomuin micro- stomum (Hedw.) R. Br. On ant-hills, Arnside (Barnes, 1870); Sizergh Fell (Barnes and Stabler) ; Mardale (1882); Mailers tang Mollia squarrosa (Nees, Hornsch.) L squarroswn. Brant Fell (West, 1879). Hy # Mollia On limestone rocks near (Ba \\ Barrows (Barnes) ; limestone quarry, Kendal (Binstead, 1886). 103. Mollia viridula (L.) Lindb. Weissia viridula. Kendal Fell (D. Gough) ; Windermere (Dr. Clowes, 1855); Arnside (Barnes, 1870); Staveley (1882); Whitbarrow; on hedge- banks, Foulshaw. Var. amblyodon Sch. Weissia amblyodon Brid. On rocks- Lev (1870); Hill Bell (1870) (B 104. Mollia rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. Weissia mucronata. Staveley (1868); Arnside (Karnes, 1870); Whitbarrow; on charcoal (Barnes and Stabler); Bowness (Barnes, 1880). a tenuis (Schrad.) Lindb. Gyrmveissia tenuis. Sand- 105. Moll Kaber stonedale (Barnes, 187 1) 106, Mollia calcarea (Nees, Hsch.) Lindb. Whitbarrow (Barnes,. 1871); Hell Ghyll, Mallerstang (1888). *o7. Mollia aeruginosa (Sm.) Lindb. Gymnostomum rupestre Schleich. Helvellyn (Clowes, 1855); Fairfield (Barnes 1868); Barbondale (1875); Mallerstang (1888). 108 Mollia verticillata (L.) Lindb. Eucladium vertiril/a turn. Hill Bell (Clowes, 1855); on tu ^ a near l ^ e Spout; Beath- river Eden, Mallerstang (1888). ( r 09- Mollia crispula (Bruch.) Lindb. Trichostomum crispulum. Sizergh Fell, on rocks (Barnes) ; Whitbarrow ; Natland Binstead, 1887). Sept. 1896. 264 STABLER: HEPATICiE AND MUSCI OF WESTMORLAND. no. Mollia littoralis (Mitt.) Braith. Levens Park; [Sedbergh (1879)]. in. Mollia brachydontia (Bruch) Lindb. Trichostomum muta- bile Br.&Sch. Sandside, Milnthorpe c.fr. (Barnes and Stabler, 1868). 112. Mollia tenuirostris (Hk. & Tayl.) Lindb. Didymodon cylindricus* Cook's House, Windermere c.fr. ! (F. Clowes, 1855); Red Screes (Clowes); Stock Ghyll (1876). [By the Rawthey, Sedbergh]. Var. Holtii Br. On rocks in stream, Grasmere (Binstead, 1893). 113. Mollia nitida Lindb. Arnside, on rocks (Boswell, 1873); Whitbarrow Scar (Barnes and Stabler, 187 1); Patterdale (Binstead, 1880). 114- Mollia tortuosa (L.) Schrank. Barbula tortuosa. Whit- barrow (Clowes, 1855). Barrow Field c.fr. (Barnes and Stabler, 1867); Whitbarrow c.fr. (Barnes and Stabler); Barbon (1885): Red Screes ( 1 881); Mallerstang (1888). L 1 [5. Leptodontium flexifolium (Dicks.) Hpe. Didymodon flexi- folms (Dicks,). On rocks slightly covered with earth, Bowness (Barnes, 1868); Red Screes c.fr. (188 1) ; Barbon Fell (Bin- stead and Stabler, 1885); Benson Knot, and Borrowdale in Shap Fells (Binstead, 1889). [Barbula curvirostris (Ehr.) Lindb. Gymnostomum curvi- rostmm Hedw. On moist rocks, Dent (Barnes, 1867). [Var. commutata (Mitt.) Lindb. Cautley Spout, Garsdale, Yorks. (West, i88i).j 116. Barbula rubella (Hoff.) Mitt. Didymodon mbeUus. Very common. Windermere (Clowes); Meathop Sands (1868); Levens Park; Oxenholme; Staveley; Heversham Head (x88 7 ). 117. Barbula lurida (Hornsch.) Lindb. By the roadside, Beath- waite Green (Barnes and Stabler, 1869). 1 18. Barbula brevifolia (Dicks.) Lindb. Trichostomum tophaceum Brid, Scar Bank, near the Spout, Levens (Barnes, 1868); on tufa, Levens Park (1870). 119. Barbula fallax (Hedw.), Foulshaw (Barnes, 1868); Hever- sham Head ( Barnes) ; Levens (Stabler). j 20. Barbula reflexa (Brid.). J5. recurvifolia. Rydal (Baker) \ Barrow Field (Barnes, 1867); on walls, Whitbarrow (1S71); Lyth. Naturalist, 2»S SOME ACCOUNT OF THE SURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT NORTH OF GRANTHAM. HENRY PRESTON, F.G.S., Grantham , Lincolnshire. To trace the formation of scenery from geological causes is one of the most pleasant pursuits that can be indulged in, and few more interesting localities could have been chosen to illustrate these effects than that selected by the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union on the occasion of its visit to Grantham. This is only a small branch of geological study, but it is one which appeals most readily to the general student. We cannot here attempt to enter fully into the natural history of the rocks and their fossil contents, nor of the history of the byegone ages they represent ; but we may be able to attempt some account of the district, making special reference to the surface features which owe their origin to geological causes ; and it will be found that here, as elsewhere, elevation and depression of land, coupled with the denuding forces of w r ater, wind, and weather, havt given us all the varied and interesting peculiarities of our country scenery ; they have carved out our valleys and directed the courses of our rivers, and have in every way sculptured the earth's surface to make it beautiful and useful. The district visited in June 1896 lies to the north of Grantham, and is contained wholly within sheet 70 of the geological survey maps ; the rocks which rise to the surface are chiefly of Mesozoic age ; and the scenery is truly characteristic of the secondary rocks. As will be seen from the section diagram below the whole series of secondary strata cropping out at the surface ranges from the Keuper Marls, through the Rhsetic and Liassic beds, to the Upper Estuarine series which overlie that most interesting formation the Lincolnshire Limestone. ^jlijU^hk- {Mma*****- y with a note to the effect that it had been obtained in Carlisle, possibly from the drinking water, but there was doubt about this. This worm-like creature reaches me more frequently than any other from every part of the country, and just when it was sent to me from Carlisle I was pointing out a specimen to a friend who was out with me collecting at Londonderry in Ireland. There is a widespread idea that it comes from placing a horse hair in water ! — Hilderic Friend, Cockermouth, 1 6th June, 1896. . . , — . NOTE— ORNITHOLOGY. Starlings Double-brooded. —In regard to this interesting subject you will find at pages 130 and 373 of the 'Naturalist' for 1889 that I vouched for Starling {Stunius vulgaris) having two broods in one season in the years 1886, 18S8, ana 1889. Since those years I have not seen it mentioned by any one, although this places ana were carea tor m trie he Ids. But confining myseir iu *«• nests within half a mile radius of my home, there were three in separate trees and one in a gable of a cottage, all out as stated above, and I settled to my own satisfaction that the same four places contained a second brood, which left their holes in the first and second weeks of the present month of July.— John \VaR1>» Pymont House, Lofthouse, July 26th, 1S96. * — - — — Naturalist 289 A SECTION IN THE LOWER OOLITES OF SCARBOROUGH. JOHN H. COOKE, F.G.S., etc., Lincoln. In the south-western suburbs of Scarborough, there are several outliers that contain some interesting sections of the upper beds of the Lower Oolites. Their limits and position are defined on the geological map of the district, but, as far as I am aware, no description has been given of any of their exposures. Spring Hill in the village of Falsgrave is one of these outliers ; and in Messrs. Peacock's Pit, which has been opened at the southern extremity, some interesting sections are exposed that show the relations between the Cornbrash and the Upper Estuarine Sandstones, and that allow of the collection of a very complete and representative suite of the fossils of the formations. Owing to the dip of the beds, the limited thickness of the Cornbrash and the extensive accumulations of Glacial Clays that mask the face of the country in this part of Yorkshire, such sections as these are rarely found inland, and therefore during a recent visit to Scarborough I took advantage of the opportunity kindly afforded me by Messrs. Peacock to work out in some detail the lithology and fossil contents of the beds in their quarry. Regarded vertically, the following tabular summary contains a close approximation to the thickness of the various beds exposed, and of the serial order that they occupy. 1. Sandy soil (a mixture of Shales and Kelioway Rock) ... 2 ft. to 3 ft. 2. Cornbrash — a. Shale - . - - • - •»• ••* ••• 2 ft. *" { 4 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft * * * ' b. Ferruginous Limestone (Brashy) ... r. Bluish grey Limestone (compact) j» ^naie... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 it. o m. 4- Sandstones with lignite .. 12ft. to 15 ft. 5- Shale 1 ft. 6 in bedded ... --- -•• 2 in. 6. Sandstones with ferns and lignite ... 3 ft. to 5 ft. 7* Clay with seams of ii 8. Sandstones with ferns 9- Shales • »» ••» •»# ••* »•» *»• • •* •%• ••* - » . ••* «*% •#• • * » 20 ft. 2 ft. IO. Sandstones to bottom of quarry..* ... ... * 10 ft. As will be seen from the above details, the Upper Estuarine rocks form the bulk of the section, and consist of alternating beds of sandstones, shales and clays, each of which rests conformably on the other. They serve as an admirable object lesson for those who would study examples of false bedding in all of its stages, as the sandstones, clays, shales, and seams one with another, assuming lenticular. Oct. 1896. % 290 COOKE : LOWER OOLITES OF SCARBOROUGH. within short distances, and often replacing one another at the same horizon in a manner such as one finds at the present day in delta and other estuarine deposits where the currents are erratic and constantly changing. Remains of animal organisms seem to be rare, as neither the quarry-men nor myself have met with any specimens; but I have no doubt but that careful and systematic seeking will result in the finding of some forms of brackish-water or marine life. Car- bonaceous fragments of ferns, cycads, and conifers are remarkably abundant in all of the sandstone beds. One of these pieces, measuring 15 inches long, 5 inches wide, and 5 inches thick, was well preserved, and under the microscope it exhibited in its trans- verse section the curvature of a segment of a circular corona ; but the majority are so much changed or badly preserved that they do not present any well-defined histological structure. The ferns are numerous and in a much better state of preservation. The seam of lignite in bed 7 extends for about 10 feet along the quarry face, and is about 2 inches in thickness ; but the plant-remains in it do not offer distinctive characters sufficient for specific or even generic determination. All the characters of this formation seem to point to the conclusion that the beds were deposited in a delta; and further investigations will probably result in the finding of other remains that will assist in the more exact determination of the precise character of the physical conditions that then endured. Overlying these estuarine deposits is the representative of the Yorkshire Cornbrash, a rock which, as here developed, may be divided lithologically into three parts a. Arenaceous shales. b. A yellow, ferruginous ' brashy ' limestone. c. A hard, compact, semi-crystalline limestone, the colour of which vanes from a deep blue to a light ashen-grey. The shales are ashen-grey in colour and somewhat sandy. The lower portions are very fossiliferous, the predominant forms being Rhynchonella leedii 7 Waldheimia obwata^ and W. lagenalis % which form thick masses with the casts of Modiola, Myacites, Gresslya, and Card turn. The yellow rock is variously textured, but as a rule it is very coarse and ■ brashy/ and it readily posed In this respect it differs distinctly decompo impercepti Iron owes its yellowish and reddish-yellow colour. Fossils are very abundant, the most common being Ostrea marshii, Ammonify COOKE : LOWER OOLITES OF SCARBOROUGH. 291 henleyi, Lima peciiniformis, Pecten demissus, Goniomya v. scripta, Trigonia scarb urge ns is , Terebratula lagenaiis, Exogyra nana, Gryphea mima> Homomya crassiuscula, several species of Pholodomya and Myacites, Serpula intestinalis, Vermicularia nodus, and many others which, though plentiful, are not quite so common as the foregoing A complete list of the fossils collected and observed in this section is appended. In many of these fossils the carbonate of lime of which the shells were originally composed has been wholly or partially replaced by carbonate of iron, and this latter by subsequent oxidation has been converted into a hydrous peroxide. Sub-division r, which is the predominant feature of the Scar- borough Cornbrash, consists of an exceedingly compact, semi- crystalline limestone, having a fairly uniform thickness of about four feet. It crops out along the quarry face, and stands out in bold lines from among the shales with which it is intercalated. Owing to its great compactness the pitmen have to use dynamite when quarrying it, and it is from the masses and fragments that have been thus detached that the Iithology and fossil contents may best be studied. The rock is crowded with fossil remains, but the task of removing them is a difficult and often an unsatisfactory one. Many of the fossils are of a black or of a blue-black colour, which is probably due to the presence of phosphate of iron that has been formed by the decay, by bi-carbonate of iron, of the pre-existing phosphate of lime. This bi-carbonate would be formed by the reaction of iron-oxide and the carbonic-oxide derived from the decay of the organic matter of the fossil. The rock is variously coloured on the weathered faces, but the interior is always light blue or ashen-grey. These tinctorial varia- tions are due to the different decrees of oxidation which the iron contained in the beds has undergone, the yellow being often due to the formation of a sesqui-oxide and the red or fawn to a per-oxide. When freshly broken the surfaces of the fractures are clean and of a blue colour ; but on exposure the surface weathers rough and the colour changes to an ochreous red or an ashen grey. The contained fossils are both generically and specifically very numerous, and are identical with those found in the overlying sub- divisions. There are, however, one or two points of interest in connection The first of these is the noting of the occurrence ipecial form cephalopod which I obtained from this bed. It has nothing in common v th the Nautilus hexagonus which lies in the Scarborough Wl^^ l lW ■— M B ■!* j | I I I— W l I — Oct, 1896. 292 NOTE — MOSSES. Museum, and which is the only nautilus that has hitherto been found in this formation in Yorkshire. I have presented my specimen to the Scarborough Museum. The second was the finding of two specimens of Belemnites in this bed. Professor Phillips, in his monograph on 'British Belemnites/ page 109, considers the occurrence of Belemnites in the Cornbrash as very doubtful ; the two specimens that I obtained from this quarry are therefore all the more interesting. The guards are very slender and delicate and about three-quarters of an inch long. They gradually taper to a pointed apex, and the transverse sections both at the apical and the alveolar parts are circular. They were obtained from the yellow rock. The ossicles of crinoids (Peniacrinus) and the tests of Echino- brissus orbicularis and Holedypus depressus often occur, though not plentifully. The following fossils have been collected from the rocks of the Cornbrash in this interesting outlier: Ammonites herveyi Sow. Var. macrocephalus Schloth. Nautilus sp. (not hexagonus). Belemnites tornalis (?) Phil. Trochus strigosus Lycett. Alaria bispinosa Phil. Chemnitzia villata Phil. Pleurotomaria granulata Sow. Ostrea marshii Sow. Ostrea meadii Sow. Gryphea nana Ph. Exogyra mima Ph. Lima duplicata Sow. Lima rigidula Phil. Lima pectiniformis Schloth. Pecten demissus Phil. Pecten vagans Sow. Pecten lens Sow. Gerviilia aviculoides Sow. Perna obliqua Lycett. Modiola imbricata Sow. Modiola cuneata Sow. Pinna cuneata Sow. Trigonia scarburgensis Lye. Trigonia elongata Sow. Trigonia cassiope D'Orb. Cardium lobatum PhiJ. Astarte (casts). Lucina (casts). Quenstedtia laevigata Phil. Pholodomya ovulum Agas. Goniomya v. scripta Sow. Homomya crassiuscula L. & M. Myacites calciformis Phil. Myacites sp. Gresslya peregrina Ph. Rhychonella leedii Ph. Rhychonella varians Sch. Rhychonella concinna Sow. Terebratula lagenalis Sch. Terebratula ornithocephala Sow. Waldheimia obovata Sow. Echinobrissus orbicularis Ph. Holectypus depressus Lam. Serpula intestinaiis Ph. Vermicularia nodus Ph. Ossicles of Crinoids (Pentacrinus) Fossil Wood. NOTE— MOSSES. Pottia Keirnii: an Addition to the Lincolnshire List of Mosses.— Thi- was found on the sands at Cleethorpes by the late Amos Carr, about 1880. There is a specimen in Herb. H. Boswell, and a portion of this has been sent to me for the Lincolnshire County Herbarium.— F. Arnold Lees, Leeds. Natural is U 293 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT BOURNE* Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PE ACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar of Cadney\ Organising and Botanical Secretary , Lincolnshire Naturalists Union; Curator of the Lincolnshire County Herbarium \ In lovely weather the eleventh field meeting of the Union was held on August 3rd, at Bourne, South Lincolnshire, in the centre of Natural History Division 16. Considering the month, a holiday time for all who can get away, there was a good attendance of members. Amongst those present were Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., of Gainsborough ; Mr. J. J. Davies and Mr. Wherry, of Bourne; Mr. J. S. Sneath, Mr. A. Fieldsend, and Mr. Gregson, of Lincoln ; Rev. E. Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock, of Cadney ; Rev. H. A. Barker, of Wrangle ; Mr. and Miss Stow, of Caythorpe ; Mr. Jackson, of Fleet; Rev. W. H. Daubney, of Leasingham ; Mr. J. W. Chandler, of Parson Drove; Mr. J. Lane-Claypon and the Misses Lane-Claypon, of Tytton Hall ; Rev. C M. A. Baines, of Carlby ; Rev. L. N. Knox, of Creeton ; the Dean of Stamford and Miss Howard, of Market Deeping; Mr. B. Crow, Mr. T. Gelsthorp, and Mr. R. W. Goulding, of Louth. In the forenoon the members visited places of archaeological and general interest in the town — which was once a Roman station, and the last refuge of Hereward the Wake, when he was driven from the Isle of Ely by William the Conqueror — botanising as they went. The old castle and earthworks and Peter's Pool or the Well Head proved particularly interesting. The latter is the source of the Bourne Eau, which, within half a mile, has sufficient force to drive three mills* About noon the scientific proceedings proper commenced, two parties going out in drags for the purpose of examining the Scottlethorpe and Grimsthorpe Quarries and the flora of the old Bytham and Edenham Railway cutting. En route Mr, J. J. Davies, who acted as local guide, gave the following description of the geology of the Bourne district, which had been prepared by Mr. J. H. Cooke, B.Sc, F.L.S., F.G.S., of Lincoln, who was unavoidably absent : — Bourne is situated at the foot of the eastern slopes of the great Lincolnshire escarpment of the Lincolnshire Oolite, and on the very verge of the Fenland. The town of Bourne may be divided geologically into three parts, namely, the northern suburbs, which are built on the Cornbrash ; the eastern suburbs, on the Post- glacial deposits of the Fenland; and the central portion, on the Oxford Clay, The Cornbrash, a shallow-sea deposit, the uppermost member of the Lower Oolite, consists of a series of coarse, shelly limestones and sands. It is so called because it readily disintegrates Oct. 1S9* 294 W00DRUFFE-PEAC0CK : NATURALISTS AT BOURNE. - and breaks up (prov. brashy) for the cornland. To the north of Bourne this formation occurs as patches or inliers that are surrounded by Oxford clays. Morton and Hanthorpe are built on one of these cornbrash islands. Three-quarters of a mile westward of the church, there are two exposures of the cornbrash bed that are known as the Old Town Pit and the New Town Pit. Another is situated about half a mile from the town, just to the north of the Bourne Drove. Diagrammatic sections of these, prepared by Mr. Davies, were shown. In each of these cuttings the cornbrash and superincumbent layers of post-glacial clays and gravels are well developed, and the contained fossils are, as a rule, numerous and well preserved. These fossils include various species of Ammonites, Gervillia^ Lima, Ostrea, Pecten, Pholadomya, Trigonia, etc. The Oxford clays, upon which the greater portion of the town is built, constitute one of the predominant geological features of Lincoln- shire. These clays underlie the Fenland ; but, though they attain their maximum development in and around Lincoln, towards Bourne they thin out laterally and disappear to the north and east beneath the clays and gravels of the Fenland. The Oxford clay, a deep-sea deposit, is extremely fossiliferous, abounding in Ammonites and Belemnites. In the vicinity of Bourne it graduates into a shelly, concretionary limestone known as Kellaways rock. One of the most interesting pits in this formation lies about a mile to the north of Bourne. The characteristic fossils are Bekmnites Allolobophora^ and Allurus. Of ail the localities which I have inspected I know none so rich as the rivers and becks of Yorkshire, which, like the Aire, are associated with the refuse and off- scourings of our large mills. A dip among the ooze and decaying matter found here will instantly reward the collector, who will sometimes spend hours in an almost fruitless search among the pure mountain torrents and unpolluted streamlets of more sequestered regions. In Cumberland, for example, none but experienced collectors would be able to find materials enough to repay them for the task of searching ponds and ditches, rivers and lakes ; though such examination has yielded me more than one valuable result. I shall be glad to receive specimens from different localities for description and record in these pages. They should be sent, if possible, alive. If placed in small tins or wide-mouthed bottles, with damp moss and some of the material amongst which they are found, they will come fresher and with less risk than if sent in water or earth. As they are usually very fragile they should be so packed that the contents of the case do not batter them in transit. They range in colour from white to yellow, red, brown, green, and muddy ; and wherever there is water, decaying matter, or anything putrid or humid, there is the possibility of turning up a treasure. I may here record a species belonging to a widely-spread genus with a terrestrial habit — Henlea leptodera (Vejd.); Beddard, Monograph of Oligochmta % p. j$i. I* 1 my note-book I find the following entry under Enchytnem leptodents (one of the synonyms) :— * Found in the Apperley Road, from Idle to Woodhouse Grove, between ris in the gutter. Specimens Essex in 1892.' On turning up my Essex notes and drawings I find that it was Henlea ventriculosa (D'Udekem) which I received from there, and not H. leptodera. Seeing that my notes on the group differ in several particulars from those of other investigators, that our British species are practically unknown, and that the genus has not even yet been got into satisfactory shape, there is every reason to hope that much good work remains to be done in connection with this section. Beddard thus defines the species :— ■ Length, 20 mm. ; number of segments, 60 ; setae straight, 4 to 7 ( m each bundle, of which four bundles occur in each segment ). Two oesophageal lands, with simple lumen (one pair of spermathecce). Hab.— Europe, Siberia. 'emstrial.'— Hilderic Friend, Cockermnuth. Naturalist, 299 PROF. WILLIAMSONS AUTOBIOGRAPHY. Reminiscences | of a | Yorkshire Naturalist | By the late [ William Craw- ford Williamson [ LL.D.,F.R.S. | Professor of Botany in Owens College, Manchester | Edited by | his wife [ London | George Redway | 1896 [8vo. cloth, pp. xii + 228]. 'The Reminiscences of a Yorkshire Naturalist' is a volume which will be read with keen interest by the members of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. One of its early presidents, and the first of them to be removed by death, the name of Dr. Williamson will be singular affection. This is the record of a life prolonged beyond the usual limit, and occupied mainly in scientific research. An autobiography is necessarily egotistical, and herein lies its chief charm. Whether a man can know himself as he is, may be open to doubt ; but, in the case of a man of note, it is of value to learn how he has appeared to himself, and what part of his work he most values. In the present instance the reader will be struck by the equal esteem which the author has for all his labours, and by the concentration of his entire attention on them. They were stirring times in which he lived, these eight decades. Applied science has almost made a new world for us during this period. There has been a great political and social revolution about us. But these things do not trouble the naturalist absorbed in the study of Foraminifera, or in the examination of the Flora of the Coal Measures. Even the great men — his fellow-workers — with whom he was constantly in contact, receive but a passing mention as he hurries on to his work. It is probable that this entire concentration object is the secret of the success has been spent so honourably in the advancement of natural knowledge. It is both pleasing and fitting that Dr. Williamson, who left his . reached manhood, Lancashire, should ' book so vast with the wild sea below, searcher into Nature's secrets was born and bred. Behind the cliffs were the romantic sorsres and hanging woods through which hand glacial heaps which have the swamps of the Vale of Pickering. Beyond this debris of the ice age rose the swelling curves of the Wolds, ending on the southern crags of Speeton and Ffamt Oct. 1896. 300 prof. Williamson's autobiography. It would be difficult to discover a spot more suitable to the breeding of a naturalist than the neighbourhood of Scarborough. The sea, daily laying bare its treasures and strewing them on the sand ; the earth, disclosing itself in vertical sections of its strata, 300 feet to 500 feet in height, crowded with remains of ancient tmchronicled life ; the marshes of the vale famed for rare insects ; the woods, where the May Lily grows, and the moors where the Dwarf Cornel still lingers, sole remnant of an Arctic flora; the distant wolds, where cultivation had just destroyed the last home of the Great Bustard : such surroundings, such sights and scenes, could not fail to be stimulating to young Williamson as they had already been to his father. John Williamson, the father of our author, was a very remarkable man. He was brought up as a gardener, and though he had, as his son says, enjoyed no educational advantages, he must have acquired great skill in his occupation, since he had for a time the charge of the gardens of Mulgrave Castle. It is likely that the extraordinary profusion of fossils in the Lias cliffs of this neighbourhood would first turn his attention to geology. However this may be, on returning to Scarborough and establishing himself as a nurseryman, he gave all his leisure to this and the kindred studies of entomology, conchology and ornithology, forming considerable collections, which afterwards became the nucleus of the Scarborough Museum, of which he was the first curator. Guided by a parent whose tastes he inherited, no wonder that the youth soon grew proficient in natural science and became known beyond the limits of his township and county. He had also the good fortune in very early life to meet in familiar intercourse at his lish geology, who, to use the words of his nephew and great expositor, John Phillips 'spent his life in establishing the philosophical principles of geology, and in applying them when established to practical use. 7 Williamson thus from the outset was led on the right track, and w T as thus spared a mortification often to be experienced by men of great ability and industry, that of retracing painful footsteps and yielding up cherished theories. He learnt to know the fossils, and by them to distinguish the strata, and so from the first pursued his studies on the true inductive method. This was a vast advantage, and Dr. Williamson's veneration for his great teachers, Smith and Phillips, is unbounded ; but this should not have led him to speak contemptuously, as he does, of another great Yorkshire geologist, who was not so far in advance of his time, the Rev. George Young. The f Geological Survey of the Yorkshire Coast 1 is a book which, published 74 years ago, may Naturafistf NOTE — MAMMALIA. 30 1 yet be read with profit by any geologist. It is quoted with respect and gratitude in the latest edition of Mr. Woodward's l Geology of England and Wales.' We are concerned in the honour of all our Yorkshire naturalists, but Young needs no defence of ours. His opinions on the influence of the Deluge were shared by most of his contemporaries, and they were natural to a man of his profession. How Williamson was apprenticed to a Scarborough surgeon, was attracted to Manchester, became connected with the Owens College, pursued many and varied scientific studies, until he settled down to his life-work on the fossil plants of the Coal Measures, and at last ended his days full of years and honours : all this, with many pleasant details of a homely life, is told in brisk English, not untouched with humour, in the agreeable pages of this little volume. The concluding chapter, and the revision of the whole, are the work of the wife to whom our author owed so much of the happiness of his later years, which were undoubtedly prolonged by her care. Mrs. Williamson has done her part with excellent taste, and has said no more than was necessary to complete the narrative. The position of Dr. Williamson as a man of science stands on a sure basis. In Paleophytology he was at first a pioneer, struggling with many difficulties and often opposed by men of renown. Undis- mayed, unheeding, he toiled on, until in the end, with general approval, he ruled over a conquered country reduced to order greatly by his efforts. Dr. Williamson is entitled especially to the esteem and affection of such naturalists as form the bulk of the Yorkshire Union, because of the very human and benevolent regard which he had for them. Any lover of Nature had his encouragement and support, and many a one has been stimulated by his enthusiasm and kindly ed zeal. To some in these pages. — A.H.P. again NOTE— MAMMALIA. Badger in North Lancashire.— Macpherson in his * Fauna of Lakeland,' I092, pp. 39.45, mentions two instances of Badgers (Metes metes) in North Lancashire. One, without evidence, that the species lingered in a wild state on the Cartmel and Windermere Fells up to about 1830. The other is a record of a capture near Broughton-in-Furness (temp. 1850-60) of a specimen (male?) which was afterwards drowned. The following cutting from the Ulverston Advertiser of August 15th, 1896, may refer to an escape from baiting, or in other words, of a prisoner and not a wild specimen. l A Babger. — On Wednesday last a badger was found caught in a trap at Hoiker.'— S. L. Petty, Ulverston, Aug. 25th, 1896. Oct. 1896. 302 NOTES— ORNITHOL OGY. Shoveller Nesting at Skipwith. — A pair of Shovellers (Spatula clypeata) have nested this year at the disused brick-pit pond near Skipwith, where we shot a single bird last September. The female and young were generally to be seen on the pond, but the latter were taken one by one by a Pike, until by the beginning of August only three were left. One of these was shot by the occupier of the farm, and shown to me ; the others disappeared. — C. D. Ash, Skipwith Vicarage, Selby, Sep. 22nd, 1896. Late Stay of the Swift at York.— I noticed a Swift (Cypselus aptis) this morning at 7 a.m., flying against the wind, namely, in a north-westerly direction. Some five or six pairs resort annually to this street to rear their young, and I have frequently seen them on the wing and busy hawking for insects at sunrise. They arrived this year on the 9th May, and left August 14th, but I saw one in another part of the city on the 21st August. — William Hewett, Howard Street, York, September 24th, 1896. Flamborough Bird-Notes. — For several days we have had a great amount of Wheatears (Saxicola ainanthe) ; they are in nearly every field as well as in the lane leading up to the Lighthouse. There is not one Redstart {Ruticilla phamicurtis) to be seen, and only one killed flying against the Lighthouse. A few Whitethroats {Sylvia sylvia) and Pied Wagtails (Motacilla lugubris) have also been observed. Mr. Hall, the Lighthouse keeper, informs me of a strange bird flying against the Lighthouse* He says the size was only very small ; the head and bill appeared to be one third, the neck and body another, and lastly the tail. Large quantities of Sea Swallows, Kittiwakes, Skuas, and Gulls have been seen on our coast and round the Headland. I am also glad to mention that I have heard of a young Black Guillemot (Uria grylle) being bred in the cliffs at FJamborough and seen by one of our fishermen. I hope it will get safely away. — Matthew Bailey, Flamborough, September 14th, 1896. The Pied Flycatcher in Westmorland.— Muscicapa atricapilla has been numerous again this year in a circumscribed area. The immigration of the tribe was singular and (apparently) protracted. I kept watch on a strip of woodland where last year two broods were brought out in adjacent oak trees. On the morning of April 21st a male bird had arrived in one of these trees, where he was not only singing loudly and excitedly and with an unusual variety of notes, but was popping in and out of the old nest-hole. No other bird of the species was heard thereabouts. This state of things continued till the 25th, when the bird's exuberant singing was checked, and only his low call-note revealed his presence. In fact the hen had now arrived, and was already carrying stuff into the hole, while he flitted round, absorbed and cautious. On that day another male was first heard, half a mile awav : and a few more on the 2Qth. But it was in early May that the real swarm began to come m, waxing more numerous e*eij day, and settling too thickly at certain spots for nest-room to be found. On the 13th I saw three mating males sparring at each other jealously at a station which p. 335- Walter F. Baker. Line N. [Velia currens observed by] Lincolnshire Naturalists at Woodhall Spa [on August 7th, 1893]. Nat., Oct. 1893, p. 314. J. Batalha-Reis. Cheviotland, Notes on the Plants and Insects observed at the Wooler Meeting [Sep. 16th and 17th, 1887 ; Velia currens Fab., Langleyford, on the water]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. & Newc., vol. 10, pt. 1, publ. 1888, p. 20a C. Brooksbank. Cumberland. Coccns cataphractus [in reply to a query where this is to be found, recommends searching among bog mosses in June, Ireland, Scotland, and Cumberland being good localities]. Sci. Goss., Aug. 1891, p. 189. P. Cameron. Lane. S., Cheshire. [Excessive abundance of Aphis dianthi Schr. round Manchester, in the city, and at Wxlmsiow, Cheshire, in Sept. 1888]. Proc. N.H.S. Glasgow, 27th Nov., 1889, New Series, Vol. 3, part I, 1888-9, publ. 1889, p. xviu ; rep. Research, Jan. 1889, p. 119. Joseph Burtt Davy. Line N. Entomological Exhibition at Alford, Lines, [with note of Dicyphus constrictus taken by J. E. Mason at Well]. Nat., May 1890, p. 150. J. Burtt Davy. Line N. [Hemiptera-Heteroptera observed by] Lincolnshire Naturalists at Gibraltar Point [on Aug. 15th, 1891; Scolopostethus adjunct us, Megahcerma erratica % Calocoris tipunetatus, Lzocoris tripustulatus, Lygus coniaminatus , Oct. 1896, I* u 3-o6 bibliography: hemiptera, 1889 to 1893. Dicyphus epilobii 9 Heteroloma merioptera, Plagiognathus arbitstorum^ Ant ho- cor is nemorum, A. nemoralis 9 JVab'S flavomarginatus^ Salda pilosa (new record for Lincolnshire), S. lateralis ■, S. littoral is, Hydrometra stagnorum, and Corixa striata noted and named by J. E. Mason], Nat., Feb. 1892, pp. 48-49. - J. W. Douglas. Cheshire, Cheviotland, York S.W., Line. N. Notes on Some British and Exotic Coccidae (No. 17) [Pulvinaria ribesia Sign, at Wakefield and Norland Moor (S. L. Mosley) and near Berwick-on- Tweed (E* A. Ormerod) ; details given]. E.M.M., Sep. 1890, pp. 238-240. (No. 18) [Lecanium fuscum, from near Chester, sent by R. Newstead]. E.M.M., Dec. 1890, p. 319. (No. 19) [Lecanium ciliatum n. sp. from Delamere Forest, July 26th, 1890, R. Newstead]. E.M.M., March 1891, p. 68; bibl. in Ent. Rec, March 16th, 1891, p. 351. (No. 26) [Lecanium distinguendum n. sp., found at Delamere Forest, gregarious on last year's shoots of Vaccinium myrtillus, by R. Newstead ; details given ; Pulvinaria betula found on birch at Delamere Forest, 20th July, 1890, by R. Newstead]. E.M.M., April 1891, pp. 96-98 ; bibl. in Ent. Rec., May 15th, 1891, p. 45- (No. 24) [Lecanium caprea (L.), from a rose tree at Alford, Lines., July 1891, sent by J. Eardley Mason; discussed in detail]. E.M.M., Nov. 1S92, pp. 278-2S0. J. W. Douglas. Durham and York S.W. Pulvinaria ribesise, Sign, [at Bernard Castle, Durham, and probably at Huddersfield]. E.M.M., Aug. 1892, p. 219. James Edwards. Northumberland S., York S.W. A Synopsis of British Homoptera-Cicadina [noting- Strongylocephalus megerUi Scott, Northumberland (Bold), and Athysanus brevipennis Kbm., Huddersfield]. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, part 1, March, pp. 18 and 37. James Fleming. Cheshire. Rambles during the Year 1887.— Bramhall [2nd July ; the 'Water beetle Notonecta' noted in pond]. Ann. Rep. Manch. Microsc. Soc. for 1S87, publ. 1888, p. 65. W. W. Fowler. Line. S. Coccidae in Ants' Nests [near Lincoln, probably Hartsholme Hall]. E.M.M.,Jan. 1893, p. I 7- James Hardy. Cheviotland. Report of the Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, for the year 18S8 [at Shawdon Hall, Northumberland, Pseudococcus fagi\ Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1888, publ. 1889, p. 177. James Hardy. Cheviotland, Durham. Increased spread of Pseudococcus Fagi [in North Northumberland (Shawdon Gardens) and Durham (Dunstan Hill, Whickham, and Wishing Well Dean], Proc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1888. Dubl. iSSo. vol. 12. n. 105- Usnry Hyde. Lane he Water-scorpion and the Boat-fly [Nepa cinerca * very common in most of our ponds a boat Manchester']. Ann, Rep. Manch. Microsc. Soc. for 1884-5, P ubL l88 S P- IO * George Johnston. iotland. elections from the Correspondence of Dr George Johnston carulea L., on Cheviot Moors near Dunsdale (330)]. Harry Wallis Kew. Cheshire, Lane The Dispersal of Shells. An Inquiry into the Means of Dispersal possessed by Fresh- water and Land Mollusca . . . London . . - 8vo, xiv. + 291 pages ; Nepa at Mere Mere, Cheshire, and Birch Hall, Manchester p. 62V. Naturals bibliography; hemiptera, 1889 to 1893. 307 James Eardley Mason. Line. N. Additions to the List of some Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Lincolnshire [10, viz., Gastrodes ferrugineus L., Teratocoris saundtrsi D. & S., Phytocoris pini K., Calocoris striatus L., C. roseomactdatus DeG., Chlamydatus ambulans Fall., Dicyphus stachydis Reut., D. epilobii Reut., Harpocera thoracica Fall., and Psallus roseus Fall. ; Dicyphus globulifer and D. con- strictus also noted]. Nat., April 1889, p. 128. James Eardley Mason. York N.W., Cumberland. [Hemiptera observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists' Union in Upper Teesdale [in Aug. 1S89: Miris holsalus, Lygus pabtdinus % L. contaminatus, sEtorhinus angulatus, Orthotyhts nassafus, Psallus ambiguus, Plagiognathus viridulus, Antkocoris nemorum, A. nemoralis y Salda scotica, S, c-alhum, and Velia current ; the two Saldte also occur on Cumberland stream-banks]. Nat., Sep. 1889, p. 28 Jas. Eardley- Mason. , Line. N. Note on Nabis limbatus [at Alford, Lines., Sep. 1st, inflicting a severe sting]. E.M.M., Dec. 1889, p. 457. -* Philip B. Mason. Derbyshire. Discovery of Trioza centranthi, Vail., in England [at Bretby, Derbyshire, on Vakrianetla dentata ; details given]. E.M.M., Oct. 1 894, P- 231; bibl. in Ent. Rec, Oct. 15th, 1894, p. 248. S. L. Mosley. York S.W. The Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Holmfirth [10th June, 1889; a Mountain Ash above Bilberry Reservoir was full of Aphis aucuparue], Nat., July 1889, P- 2 °3- S. L. Mosley. York S.W. Yorkshire Galls [enumerated, in botanical order, including those caused by Chermes abietis, Pemphigus bursarius f Schizoneura lanigera, S- ulmi, and Aphis malt]. Nat., Sep. 1892, pp. 273-276. Robert Newstead. Cheshire. The Male of Chionaspis fraxini, Sign. (Ch. salicis, Linn.) [near Chester; detailed notes], E.M.M., Nov. 1889, p. 436, R. Newstead. Cheshire* On Some New or Little Known Coccida* found in England [giving descriptions of new species ; Dactylopius walkeri, n. sp. on Agrostis vulgaris at Manley, Cheshire, Sep. 5-9th, 1890; Eriococcus insignis, n. sp. on the same plant and on Rumex, Pteris, and (flex, frequently in company (on same leaf) with Eriopeltis festuae, and more rarely with Signoretia luzuhe, at Ince and Manley, Cheshire, Aug. and Sep. 1890; and £. fraxini, n. sp., in cracks and crevices of bark of Fraxinus excelsior^ abundant on three trees at Ince, Cheshire, Aug. 1890]. E.M.M., June 1891, pp. 164-166, and plate 2 : bibliog. in Ent. Record, June 15th, 1891, p. 80. Robert Newstead. Yorkshire, Cheshire. General Notes on the Scale Insects, Coccidae [with notes of Lecanium minimum n. sp., on Areca, under glass, Cheshire, Ptdvinaria per sice n. sp., on peach, Cheshire, Pseudoc&ccus assoaaiis n. sp., on Ribes, Yorks., Ripersia pidverana n. sp., under leaf-sheaths of Agrostis, Cheshire]. Lane, and Chesh. Ent. Soc, Nov. 9th, 1891 ; Ent. Mo. Mag., Dec. 1S91, p. 354; Ent, Dec. 1891, p. 307; Brit. Nat., Dec. 1891, p. 271; Ent. Rec, Dec. 15th, 1891, p. 305. R- Newstead. Cheshire, York S.W. On New or Little Known Coccida*, chiefly English (No. 2) [including Pulvinaria persi n. sp., very abundant on peach trees under glass at High Legh, Knutsford, Cheshire ; Signoretia luzidct L. Duf., abundant on a moist railway embankment on Luzula campestris at Ince, Cheshire 1890-91 ; 308 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Pseudococcus socius n. sp., on black currant at Wakefield, in company with Pulvinaria ribesii (Geo. Parkin); and Ripersia ptdveraria n. sp., on Agrostis vulgaris at Sandiway, Cheshire, Aug. 1891]. E.M.M., May and June 1892, pp. 141-147; summarised in Ent. Rec, June 15th, 1892, p. 128. R. Newstead. Cheshire. Notes on New or Little Known Coccidae (No. 4) [Pseudinglisia rodri- guezice, n. gen. et sp., found on Rodriguezia secunda at Eaton Hail, near Chester, on plants freshly imported from Trinidad]. E.M.M., July 1893, pp. 153-5 and plate 2 ; abstract in Ent. Rec, July 15th, 1893, p. 202. R. Newstead. Cheshire. Observations on Coccidae (No. 6) [noting Physokermes abietis as common at Delamere Forest, and new to Britain]. E.M.M., Sep. 1893, p. 209; abst. in Ent. Rec, Sep. 15th, 1893, p. 247. R. Newstead. Cheshire. Observations on Coccidae (No. 7) [noting Aspidiotus zonatus Frauenf. from oak near High Legh, Knutsford]. E.M.M., Dec 1893, p. 279. Isle of Man, Cumb., Westmd., Lane. S., Chesh., Derb., Notts, Line. N., York N.E. and S.W., Edward Saunders. Durham, Northd. S., Cheviotland. The I Hemiptera Heteroptera | of the | British Islands. | .A Descriptive Account of the Families, Genera, and | Species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, | with notes as to Localities, Habitats, etc | By | . . I London: | L. Reeve & Co., | . . | . . | 1892 [8vo., cloth, pp. viii. + 35°» numerous localities given in the counties above specified]. NOTE— FERNS. Moonwort in Wensleydale. — Yesterday I found two or three patches of moonwort (Botrychium htnaria) near the falls on Ellerbeck, between Carperby and Askrigg. I noted it also near Carperby (Bearpark) two years ago, finding thenasingle specimen. — J. Edmund Clark, Aysgarth, R.S.O., Yorks., Aug. 2nd, 1896. NOTE— FISHES. Pike Taking- Young Ducks.— The Pike (Esox lucius) referred to in note on p. 302, was seen to take one of the young Shovellers when almost able to fly, and has almost destroyed a large brood of Ducks (a cross between a Rotterdam drake and a wild duck) which had been hatched at the same pond (at Skipwith). — C. D. Ash, Skipwith Vicarage, Selby, Sep. 22nd, 1896. NOTES— BOT Arenaria gothica, etc. — On Tuesday, September 1st, I was by Ribblehead, and saw Arenaria gothica at its former spot, looking bright as usual. Seed which in June 1895 * sent south to my brother-in-law, Mr. John Moriand, Glastonbury, ower grew near Carpe _ _ R. canina, except that the hips were smaller and rounder.— J. E. Clark, 12, Feversham Ter., York, 3rd Sept., 1896. Mr. T- Percival considered it typical Botanical Notes from Sheffield : Correction. — The following records in Botanical Notes from the Shemeld District, ■ Naturalist,' Jan. 1895, pp. 7'}\* I find to be erroneous: — Page 7, Ranunculus kederacms L. Redmires (T.G.), Snake Inn (T.G.). Page n, Crepis hieracioides Wald. & Kit. The Rev. W. R- Linton pronounces the former to be R. Lenormandi F. Schultz, and the latter I be only a form of C. virens L. Page io, (Enantke Phellandriurn Lam. Th must be struck out, as I understand from Mr. Snelgrove that his record rests upon an error.- -Thos. Gibbs, Burton -on -Trent, Sep. 21st, 1896. Natural^ 3°9 A CRITICAL CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS : FROM ALL KNOWN SOURCES. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar ofCadney, Brigg ; Organising and Botanical Secretary of the Lincolnshire Naturalists Union ; Curator of the Lincolnshire County Herbarium. TENTH PAPER. See explanations given in the preceding papers, viz. :— Nat., 1894, pp. 85-92, 133-140, 213-220, 257-264, 337-344. Nat., 1895, pp. 95-102, 280-301. Nat., 1896, pp. 53-60, 181-188, 245-252. ALISMACE.E {continued). Sagittaria sagittifolia L.t Native. Divs. 1-7.9-14. 16-18. Bamasonium stellatum Pers. Div. 16. Bourne Eau and river Glen, circa 1837; Rev. J. Dodsworth's MS. Notebook^ Library of Bot. Dep. Nat. Hist. Mus., South Kensington. Butomus umbellatus L.f Native. Divs. 1-7.9-14.16.18. NAIADACE.^. Triglochin palustre L.f Native. Divs. 1-6.8-12.16.17. Triglochin maritimum L.t Native. Divs. 2-4.9. n. 12. 17. 18. The County Herbarium type specimens of Potamogeton have been named by Mr. Arthur Bennett, for whose continued help we wish to express our most heartfelt thanks. Their distribution in the county is still very imperfectly worked out ; all the notes to hand are here. Potamogeton natans L.t Native. Divs. 1.3-5. 7-9. n-14. 16. iS. Potamogeton polygonifolius Pers.t Native. Divs. 1-3.5.7. H. C. Watson saw it in S. Var. ericetorum Syme.t Native. Div. 2. Crossby Warren, 8-93 ; Rev. W. Fowler (Ar. B.). Potamogeton coloratus Hornem.t Native. Divs. 2.3.12. Herb. Brit. Mus. Potamogeton alpinus Balb.t Native. Divs. 4-9-I3- Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb.t Native. Divs. 1.3. 14. 16. Potamogeton nitens Web. Div. 16. In the North Drove Drain, Deeping Fen, 3.8. 1883 ; W. H. Beeby. Herb. Ar. Bennett. Potamogeton lucens L-t Native. Divs. 1-3.6.9. 12- 14. 16- 18. Potamogeton decipiens Nolte. Native. Div. 16. Sparingly in the North Drove Drain, 1883 ; W. H. Beeby in/. o/B., 1884, p. 20. Herbaria of W. H. Beeby and A. Bennett. VNot the Swedish or Holstein form, but that of Silesia.'— Ar. B. Oct. i8q& 3IO WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Potamogeton angustifolius Presl.t Native. Div. 16(2). Deeping and Dunsby Fens. Potamogeton praelongus Wulf.f Native. Divs. 13.14- I n Fossdyke and river Witham. Potamogeton perfoliatus L.f Native. Divs. i-4.6.7.9.n-i4-i 6 - Potamogeton crispus L.f Native. Divs. 1. 3-5. 7-9.1 1-14.16. Potamogeton densus L.f Native. Divs. 1-6.8. 9.1 1. 13-16. Potamogeton zoster.efolius Schum. Div. 9. Saltfleetby neighbourhood, 1856 ; Rev. W. Fowler's MS. Notebook. Potamogeton acutifolius Link. Native. Div. 12. Merdyke Bridge, between Boston and Spilsby, circa 1795 5 Sir J. Banks, Herb. Brit. Mus. Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et Koch. Native. Divs. 4.5. Herb. Brit. Mus. and Mr. Ar. Bennett's Herb. See Dr. B. Carrington's paper, Bot Gaz., 1849, p. 323. Potamogeton Friesii Rufr.f Native. Divs. 8. 9. 12. 14. 18. Potamogeton pusillus L.f Native. Divs. 1.3.4.S.9.11.12.15.16. Var. tenuissimus Koch.f Native. Divs. 7.9. 14. 16. Potamogeton pectinatus L.f Native. Divs. 1-4.6.9. n-14.16.18. Potamogeton interruptus Theb.f Native. Divs. 4.8.16.17. Var. scoparius Wallr.t Native. Divs. 4.9.12. Ruppia spiralis Hartm. Native. Divs. 9(2). 12(4). Rare and local. Herb. Brit. Mus. Zannichellia palustris L.f Native. Divs. 1.4. 7. 15-17. Zannichellia brachystemon J. Gay.f Native. Divs. 3.9.1 1. 16. Zannichellia pedunculata Reichb.f Native. Divs. 9.12.16.18. Zoster a marina L. Native in Div. 1 2, I suppose. P. Thompson records it for Skirbeck Hundred, and Mr. F. A. Lees tells me he has seen it on Friston shore. I know of no specimen. Zostera nana Roth. Native in N. Div. 4.9. Cleethorpes shore, 150 yards out, 1884; H. Searle. See B.F.C, r884; /. of £., 1884, p. 301 ; Somercotes, 1889 : J. Cordeaux, Field, 1889, p. 415. Herb. Brit. Mus. ERIOCAULE.E. Eriocaclon septangulare With. Div. 12. A Thompsonian record. CYPERACE E. Cvperus loxgus L. Div. 16. Bourne, in Redhall Moat, 1S39 ; Rev. J. Dods worth. No doubt planted there. Eleocharis acicularis R. Br.f Native. Divs. 6.16(2). Very local Natura!i> £ > WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 3! I Eleocharis palustris R. Br.f Native. Divs. i-g.n-13.15-18. Eleocharis multicaulis Sm.t Native. Divs. 2.5.7.12. No record for S. yet. Scirpus caespitosus L.f Native. Divs. i(2).7(2). Scirpus fluitans L. Native. Divs. 1.5.7.9(2). Dr. B. Carrington sent or showed H. C. Watson a specimen from S. See his Herb, at Kew and Herb. Brit. Mus. Scirpus setaceus L.f Native. Divs. 1.7(^8.13; Scirpus lacustris L.f Native. Divs. 1. 2.4-7. n. 13.16. 18. Scirpus Tabernaemontani Gmel.f Native. Divs. 1.4.6. 12. No record for S. yet. Scirpus maritimus L.f Native. Divs. 1-5.8-12.17.18. Var, compactus Koch.f Native. Divs. 3.4.11.12.18. Scirpus caricis Retz. Native. Divs. 2.9.13. Very rare indeed. Herb. Brit. Mus. and Watsonian Herb., Kew. Scirpus rufus Schrad.t Native. Divs. 5.9.11(3). Var. bifolius Wallr.t Native. Div. 5. (Ar. B.). Eriophqrum vagixatum L. Once a native, extinct now I fear. Divs. 1.7. For Div. 1 the authorities are W- Peek's Isle of Axhoime, 1 8 1 5 ; ' one of the Eriophorums ' ; and E. angustifolium Roth, is there now. The Miller-Anderson List, 1847, says 'near Crowle 7 ; but the Rev. J. K. Miller's Flora Watering- hamiensis, see Naturalist, 1895, pp. 159-171, only says E* vaginattim L., in patches on Thome Waste. I am sure I took this species on Thome Waste in 1875, though it is not recorded for the Trent Div. in my friend's Flora of West Yorks. We have full proof that the Miller-Anderson List was taken from the Flora. Div. 7. 'In small quantity on the drier parts of Osgodby Common, near Usselby Corner, 1878'; Mr. F. A. Lees in MS* Florula of the Market Fas en ' Circuit. 1 Eriophorum angustifolium Roth.f Native. Divs. 1.2,4-10.12. 13-16. Var. elatius Koch.f Native. Divs. 1.5.7. Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe. Divs. 1.16. But in both cases there is the greatest doubt. The Miller-Anderson List, 1847, says 'near Crowle'; but Miller's Flora says, * In patches on Thome Waste/ This waste being so near Crowle, there can be no doubt Miller included both E. vaginattim and E. latifolium in his Lincolnshire list, concluding, no doubt, as they were found just over the border they were with us. This species is not recorded for the Trent Div. of West Yorks. in Mr. F. A. Lees' Flora. He says : ? Oozy, marshy places on moors, but. Oct. iScS. 312 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. usually upon calcareous soil, appearing to prefer a stiff soil to a light peaty one/ If so, the immediate neighbourhood of Crovvle is the most likely spot for it to be found still — far more likely than Thorne Waste, though I thought I took it there in 1875 ; but as my specimens were destroyed years ago I cannot be sure, and JE. angustifoliutn var. elatius Koch, may have been mistaken for it. Div. 16 is a similar case. In the Britten- White List, 1872, it is queried. In H. C. Watson's Top. Bot., 1874, no authority is given ; the 2nd edition is the same; but in the MS. notes for the 1873-4 edition we read in his own handwriting : * Entered in the county folios, for this county, on the authority of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. But his note does not certainly imply this county — " near Stamford." H. C. W.' This note lands us in a double difficulty. Where and what are these * county folios 5 ? * Neither Messrs. J. Burtt Davy and A. & of Lincolnshire botany over and over again, have ever come across a record for this species. If it is in the Berkeley MSS., where are they now? Watson quotes from them for North- ampton. This species has never in the last hundred years grown in Lincolnshire N. or S. I believe. Rynchospora alba Vahl. Native, but growing rarer each year. Divs. 1.2.5.7.10(2). Herb. Brit. Mus. Not recorded for S» Schoenus nigricans L.f Native. Divs. i.2(2).3-4.i6. Cladium jamaicense Crantz.f Native. Divs. 1.2.5. 12. Mr. F. A. Lees adds S, in Outline Flora, 1892. Car ex pulicaris L. Native. Divs. 2(2). 12. This is a rare species in Lincolnshire. I know of no specimen in a Herbarium. There is no S. record. Carex divisa Huds.f Native. Divs. 3.4(2). 12. No S. record yet. Carex disticha Huds.f Native. Divs. 2.7-9.12. 13. 15.16. x arenaria L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.4-7.9.11. 12.16. Var. ligerica J. Gay.t Native. Twigmoor, 6.7.92; Davy and Peacock (An B.). Var. pseudo-brizoides Clav. t Native. Div. 2. Middleton Plantation, Scawby, 8,6.95. Charles Waterfall. Mr. A. Bennett writes : — * Your plant is hardly C. disticha Huds., and I think may be C. pseudo-brizoides Bov. et Clav., but I have not seen an authentic specimen, and hence cannot be sure of the name.' Carex teretiuscula Good. Div. 5. Laugh ton Low Warren, 1892; F. A. Lees says:— « An uncertain plant, which may Drove to be elonmta.' * See note at foot of p. 316. ~Na^to> WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK I CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 313 Carex paniculata L.f Native. Divs. 1-4. 7.8.10. 13.16. Carex vulpina L.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Carex muricata L.f Native- Divs. 3.7-9.1 1. 13-16. Carex divulsa Good.t Native. Divs. 3. 11. 16. Carex echinata Murr.f Native. Divs. 2(3).5-7.i8. Carex remota L.t Native. Divs. 1.2.6.8. 11-13. 15. 16. Carex elongata L.f Native. Div. 5. Laughton Low Warren, B.R.C. 1881-82. Fowler and Lees. Herb. Brit. Mus. d.f Native. Div. 5. Laughton, 1878; Rev. W. Fowler. Nat Carex ovalis Good.f Native. Divs. 2.6.7.1 1. 13. Hudsonii Ar. Benn.f Native. Divs. 5.7. Carex acuta L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5-8.10.13.16. Carex Goodenowii J. Gay t Native. Divs. 1.2. 5. 6.12. 13.16. Var. juncella Fries. Native. Cleethorpes, 1882 ; H. Searle. J. of B.j 1885, P- 5°- M r * A - Bennett's Herb. Carex flacca Schreb.t Native. Divs. 1-11. 13-18. Carex pilulifera L.f Native. Divs. 1,2.5.7.10.13. Carex verna Chair, f Native. Divs. 3. 5. 7. 13. Carex pallescens L.f Native. Divs. 2.6-8.15. 16. panicea L.f Native. Divs. 1.2.4-8. 14. sylvatica Huds.t Native. Divs. 2.8. 10- 13. 15.16. binervis Sm.t Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7. 13. Carex distans L.t Native. Divs. 4.5.9. n. 12. Carex fulva Good. Native. Divs. 2(2).i6. Bogs between Saw- cliffe and Roxby, 1857. Bagmoor, B.&.C., 1875; both Rev. W. Fowler. Bourne, in fenpits, circa 1887; Rev. J. Dodsworth. Herb. Brit. Mus. Var. Hornschuchiana Bab. Native. Divs. 5.7. Herb. Brit. Mus. Rev. W. Fowler. B.B.C., 1879, p. 90. Carex fulva * distans. t Native. Div. 14. Sleaford, above town by river, 1895 ; Mason and Peacock. Mr. F. Lees suggests C. xanthocarpa Degl. ; Mr. Ar. Bennett says ' I agree,' but adds 'very odd.' Carex extensa Good. Native. Divs. 9.17. Saltfleet and Humberstone; Rev. W. Fowler. JVat, y 1878, p. 129. In Mr. Ar. Bennett's Herb. Var. pumila Anders.f Native. Div. 4. Cleethorpes, 1892; F. A. Lees (Ar. B.). Carex flava L.t Native. Divs. 1-6. 13- M- 16- Oct, 1896. 314 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Var. elatior Schlecf Native. Divs. 2(2). 5.13. Var. lepidocarpa Rab.t Native. Divs. 1(3X5413* Var. CEderi Rentz.t Native. Divs. 2.3.7.13. Carex filiformis L. Native. Div. 5, Laughton Common, 1879; Rev. W. Fowler. Herb. Brit. Mus. Carex hirta L.f Native. Divs. 1-4.7 9.11.13-16.18. Carex Pseudo-cyperus L.f Native. Divs. 1. 10. 13. 14. 16. 18. Carex acutiformis Ehrh.f Native. Divs. 1.2.6-9.11.13. 14.16. Carex riparia Curtis. t Native. Divs. 1-5. 8-1 4. 16 18. Carex rostrata Stokes.t Native. Divs. 1-7. 13. Carex vesicaria L.f Native. Divs. 1.2. 7.9. n. 13. GRAMINE^. Setaria viridis Beauv. Div. 12. 1856. A Thompsonian record. Setaria verticillata Beauv. t Alien. Div. 1. Near Belton, 8.94; Sam. Hudson. Spartina stricta Roth.f Native. Div. 12(3). Phalaris canadensis L.f Alien from escaped birdseed. Divs. 2-6. Phalaris arundinacea L.f Native. Divs. 1-18. ■ Anthoxanthum odoratum L.f Native. Divs. 1-5. 7- 13. 16- 18. Axthqxanthum puelii Lecoq. et Lamotte. Alien weed sown in permanent pasture by swindling seed-merchants. I had better not give any localities. It is an annual. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.t Native. Divs. i-3.8.9.ii-i4« l8 - Alopecurus geniculatus L.f Native. Divs. i.3-5*7.9-"-i3- 18 - Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan.f Native. Div. 3. Barton-on- Humber Marshes, 5/93 ; Miss K. G. Firbank (Ar. B.). Alopecurus pratensis L.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Milium effusum L.f Native. Divs. 3.7.8.10.13.16. Phleum pratense L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. Var. nodosum L.f Native. Divs, 3.15. Phleum arenarium L.t Native. Divs. 4,9. n. 13. Agrostis canina L.f Native. Divs. 1.5.7. 12. No record for S. yet. ■ Agrostis palustris Huds.t Native. Divs, 1-4. 9. n. 12. 14- 16. 18. Var. stolonifera L.t Native. Divs. 1- 14. 17.1 8. ama s vulgaris With.t Native. Divs.15.7-9.11.12.15.18. rostis epigeios Roth.t Native. Divs. 2.6-8.i2-i4- x6 - Natural^* WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 315 Calamagrostis lanceolata Roth.t Native. Divs. 2. 10.13. 15.16. Apera Spica-venti Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1.2.5. No record for S. yet. Ammophila arundinacea Huds.f Native. Divs. 4.9.1 1. 12. Not recorded for S. yet. Lagurus ovatus L. Alien casual. Div. 11. Skegness, on sand- hills, circa 1870; Rev. W. W. Mason. It is a species which no botanist with half the knowledge of my friend Mr. Mason can mistake. No doubt an escape from a garden. Aira caryophyllea L.f Native. Divs. 2.7.13. Aira praecox L. Native. Divs. 7. 10. 13. Herb. Brit. Mus. Deschampsia caespitosa Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1-8. 10.13. 14. 16-18. Deschampsia discolor Roem. et Schult. Div. 7. 'At Linwood, in wet places and bare peaty spots with Eriophorum, 1878-79. Searched for in vain in 1895, after so many dry summers/ F. A. Lees. Deschampsia flexuosa Sm.f Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7.8.10.13. 16.18. Holcus mollis L.f Native. Divs. 1-5. 7. 12. 13.16. Holcus lanatus L.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Trisetum pratense Pers.t Native. Divs. 1-5.7-9.1 1-13.15. 16.18. Avena pubescens Huds.t Native. Divs. 2.3.5.7. Mr. F. A. Lees' Oa tline Flora says S. Avena pratensis L.f Div. 12.13. Skirbeck Hundred, 1820 and '56 ; P. Thompson. Leadenham I 1896 (Ar. B.). Avena strigosa Schreb. Div. 12. A Thompsonian record. Avena fatua L.f Native. Divs. 3.7.13.16. Always the variety pilosissima Gray. Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1-9.11-14- 16-18. Sieglingia decumbens Bernh.f Native. Divs. 1-2,5.7.15. Phragmites communis Trin.t Native. Divs. 1-7.9-14.16-18. Cynosurus cristatus L.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Cynosurus ECHtNATUS L, A ballast casual. Divs. 3.12. Kceleria cristata Pers.t Native. Divs. 2.5.7.8.13.15. Molinia varia Schrank.t Native. Divs. 1.2.5.7. 13. Var. depauperata Lindl.f Div. 5(2). Catabrosa aquatica Beauv. Native. Divs. 2.7.13. 1 . ""^^■^^■1 milium 1 m^ Oct. 1896. 316 WOODRUFFE-PE ACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Melica nutans L. Native. Div. 2. Broughton and Appleby Woods, 1856; Rev. W. Fowler. Herb, Brit. Mus. Melica uniflora Retxt Native. Divs. 2.3.5.7.8. 10. 13.15. 16. Dactylis glomerata L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. Briza media L.t Native. Divs. 2-9. 11- 13. 15. 16. 18. Var. pallescens Doell.t Div. 13. Poa annua L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. Poa nemoralis L.f Native. Div. 8. Skidbrooke, 7.6/56: Messrs. Bogg. This grass cannot be very rare and must have been overlooked. It is sown in all kinds of soils except deep loams and heavy clays for permanent pastures. Var. coarelata Gaud.t Doddington, 1862; Rev. R. E. G. Cole (Ar. B.). Poa COmpressa L. Native. Divs. 2.7.13. Herb. Brit. Mus. Poa pratensis L.t Native. Divs. 1-4. 7.9.11. 12. 16-18. Poa trivialis L.f Native. Divs. 1-4.6-8.11.12.18. Glyceria fluitans R. Br.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Glyceria plicata L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.5.8.11. 13.16. Glyceria aquatica Sm.t Native. Divs. 1.3-9.11.12.16.18. Note on ' County Folios/ — These ' county folios ' are, I have no doubt, what Mr. Watson sent me specimens of, as an idea that had suggested itself to him after the distribution of the first ed, of the Top. BoL I cannot at this moment put my hand on his letter that has reference to this matter, bat they were a set of half sheets ruled specially for every species of the British Isles for his 112 counties and vice-counties, so as to show at a glance their distribution, i.e., one on each half sheet. In consulting Mr 54 did not always mean S. and N. Lincolnshire, the difference being as under : Top. BoL M ap in works before Top- Bot, 53. Line S. 53. Leicester. 54. Line. N. 54. line. S. 55. Leicester. 55, Line. N. 56. Nottingham. 56. Norfolk. 57. Derby. 57. Derby. In the list of Watsonian MSS. given by Mr. Jackson in /. of B-t 1883, there is no mention of any Northampton (32) list (ex Berkeley), but in the first ed. of the Top. BoL Berkeley is credited with correspondence respecting counties and vice-counties iS.3i.J^55-57 Ar Naturalist, 3*7 MANITOBAN FLOWERS. Plants of Manitoba [Anonymous]. Marcus Ward & Co. Ltd., London. n.d. [but 1896. 1 os, 6d.] It is such 'a far cry' to Lake Winnepeg and the rainy belt of Canadian Manitoba, albeit the province lies, practically, within the same parallels as England, that the point of Art in execution is about the only one in which it is profitable to view this Portfolio of 40 chromo plates — without any letterpress save a meagre numbered 'list of plants,' the figures on quarto cards not being numbered. We regret not to be able to praise these, either for accuracy of draughtsmanship, coloring, or precision in ' register.' To a botanist the figures are rather artistically pretty than good ; and anyone else with a keen sense of form in our wild flowers, turning over the leaves and coming across the presentments of such common integers in our flora as the Hairbell, or Couchgrass, would be very apt to be misled into inferring what is not the fact — that the species of West Canada were very different to those put under the same scientific name in the mother-country. The watchet Hairbell {Campanula rotundifolia), for example, never had in this world such full purple flowers, or such stiff spoon-shaped root-leaves as are here figured ! The bloom-scape of the Bird's Eye Primrose is fairly good, but the acuminated rosette leaves indicated on the plate are an exaggerated, unhappy abortion. The Silverweed {Potentilla anserina) also, is shockingly unlike the same plant of our goose-greens, with flowers much too orange-red, and leaves that might be those of the Rowan tree, rayed from a centre with inconceivable - maladroitness. Another point: out of the forty pictured, ten are British, and several of these not true natives of Manitoba at all ; shewing, at the best, the work to be intended for eyes upon the spot. The wild Mustard, our Charlock, is a tolerably good effigy, but the expediency in plating it as a, presumably, characteristic wilding, whereas it is only adventive from Europe, is doubtful It points a moral, however: that the inception of the portfolio is due to a non- discriminating botany. Another Introduction, the Penny Cress {Thlaspi arvense) of our potato and turnip fields, is called ' French Weed/ inferentially because a relic of the pioneer agriculture of our Gallic neighbours. If correct, this is as interesting as it is new to us. The 'Canada' Thistle (' Cnicus arvense'), another weed brought from the Old World, is, in fades, very unlike the same thing with ; beine shewn without the creeping roots that make it so terribly us and land Oct 3 1 8 NOTE ARACHNIDA. The only really interesting plates, — in ' green' and 'ripened' state — but why? — are those which figure what is here called the 4 Russian' cornland variety Tragus, of the prickly Saltwort (Salsola Kali), of our sandy seaboard. Whether this curious goat-smelling weed, of the Mediterranean and Euxine countries, considered a distinct species by Linnaeus (Salsola Tragus), is one with S. Kali, transmogrified by the altered conditions of long-continued reproduction with seed-crops, is a moot point ; but certainly in physiognomy it is startlingly different. Not impossibly we have in this queer plant a clue to what has happened in the course of ages to the wheat cereal and some few other plants, the wild originals of which are lost case probable that in vegetable as well as in animal ' Evolution,' missing links, truly existing once upon a time, are, in fact as well as in fancy, of the Past only. To alter to our meaning a well-known line, ' Oh ! for a glimpse of the vanished hand ! as verily still remains the cry of the scientist as of the poet j indeed, to feather for far flight the arrow of investigation, the one must have something of the quality of the other. In absence of any explanatory letterpress, one wonders what is the raison d'etre of this expensively got-up affair? There are forty times forty shrubs and weeds in the wilds and clearings of the province, all equally worth their portrait ; why then, this particular selection, half garden ornamentals, half pests of the tiller? We cannot help seeing reflected in this work something of that immaturity and childishness one so often finds in productions of the West, or designed for Americans. One is puzzled by its showiness, and imperfect nature ; and, since lacking in what might have made it of service to practical farmers, one is led to surmise 'twas intended to be an album for the parlour table of shingle-board farms out West, a make-believe of some beauty, to be a 'joy for ever' to well-to-do colonists ' daughters. — F. A. L. *? i^i Mm [ ■■ ii ii n ■ 'f NOTE— ARACHNIDA. Dolomedes mirabilis in Northumberland.— On the 6th of August last, while engaged in searching for Spiders at Steward in the above county, I obtained two specimens of DQlonudes mirabilis Bl., both males, from the ColUna vulgaris growing amongst the rocks below the Peel, and shortly afterwards observed several more of the same species on the waste, stony ground by the river a little beyond the same spot. I am informed by the Rev. J. E, Hull, ML A., who has compiled a catalogue of the Spiders of Northumberland and Durham, that this is the first record of the occurrence of the above Spider in Northumberland Wm. Falconer, 4, Roseviile Avenue, Leeds, Sep. 10th, 1896. .j' Naturalist, 3*9 RIPPLE-MARKED SANDSTONE AT GRIMESTHORPE, SHEFFIELD. C BRADSHAW, F.C.S., Hoji. Sec. Sheffield Naturalists Club. The illustration on p. 320 is from a photograph of an excellent example of ripple-marked sandstone, which occurs about two miles to the east of Sheffield, in the grounds of the Grimesthorpe Chemical Works, belonging to the Sheffield United Gas Light Co. Limited. In this neighbourhood the geological horizon of the rocks is chiefly that of the Middle Coal Measures, and the rippled stratum, which has a dip of 27 towards the south, is one of the beds occurring above what is known as the Parkgate Rock. The markings in this fine-grained sandstone may be traced the whole length of the northern boundary of the works' yard, a distance of some 1,450 feet, the greater portion of which has been bared by the necessary brickmaking and other operations of the Gas Company. An area of the exposure, measuring 325 feet by 120 feet, has suffered little as yet from the disintegrating effects of the atmosphere, and the wave marks, which are nearly parallel to a line running east and west, are remarkably sharp and regular, while here and there transverse and longitudinal sections of Stigmaria are evidence of the affinity between the rippled stratum, and the underlying coal seams, of whose existence a contiguous pit affords practical proof. The illustration covers an area 26 feet by 20 feet, and besides the rippling it shows the preservation of what seems to have been a channel in the old sea beach, along which a streamlet, probably of fresh or brackish water, made its way across the shore to a shallow sea of the coal measure period. As this interesting feature does not appear to be of common occurrence in ripple-marked rocks, the illustration is taken from that part of the sandstone where it is situated. In a short time atmospheric denudation will have obliterated all traces of this sea beach of the coal period, but that there may exist some permanent record of its occurrence, a slab 34 inches by 22 inches, kindly presented by the Gas Company, has been placed in the geological collection at the Sheffield Public Museum. Thanks are due to Mr. T. Gascoigne Calvert, Superintendent of the Chemical Works, for his courtesy in affording facilities for taking photog Oct. 1896. 320 RIPPLE-MARKED SANDSTONE AT GRIMESTHORPE, SHEFFIELD. - - E c/) 5 < Si z o - Z a a; < &i J een neglected, and for over two years the house was empty in addition. House now been occupied 18 months and seedlings still appear, only of course to be pulled up. Narcissus biflonts Curtis. Alien. Hawkfteld, nr. Urswick. Mr. M. Crankc. Previous lecords, 1S85 : Baker's Flora; Field by Coniston Lake, Miss S. Beaver. In Fumes*, near Old Halls, Miss E. Hodgson, who made the same uement in J. of B. 1874.— S. L. Petty, Ulverston, 12th October, 1896. Naturalist*. 3^5 A CRITICAL CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS : FROM ALL KNOWN SOURCES. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, L.Th. ? F.L.S., F.G.H.. Vicar ofCadney, Brigg ; ( Organising and Botanical Secretary of the L incolus> Xatnraiists' i nion ; Curator of the Lincolnshire County Herbarium. ELEVENTH PAPER. See explanations given in the preceding papers, viz. : — Nat., 1894, pp. 85-92, 133-140, 213-220, 257-264. 337-344- Nat., l8 95» PP- 95-*o2, 280-301. Nat., 1896, pp. 53-60, 181-188, 245-252, 309-316. Glyceria maritima Merb.et Koch.f Native. Divs. 2-5.9.11.17.1S. Glyceria distans Wahlenb.f Native. Divs. 2.9.17. 8. Festuca rigida Kunth.f Native. Divs. 2. 10. 13-16. Festuca rottbcellioides Kunth. Native. Div. 11. Gibraltar Point, 1878 ; F. A. Lees. H. C. Watson N. and S. Herb. Brit. Mus. Festuca Myuros L. Native. Div. 5. Laughton Low Warren, in a lane near, 1879; Rev. W. Fowler. Herb. Brit. Mus. Festuca sciuroides Roth.t Native. Divs. 7.9.13. Festuca ovina L.t Native. Divs. 1.5.7.12.13.15.18. Festuca rubra L.f Native. Divs. 3.8.9. n. F. A. Lees' OutL Flora says S. Var. arenaria Osbeck.f Native. Divs. 3.9.1 1. Var. fallax Thuill. Div. 7. 'I have kept no record beyond entering it as seen in 1877 or '78 in Rasen area'; F. A. Lees. His Outline Flora says N. and S. Festuca elatior L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.5.7.9. 11. 14. 18. Var. pratensis Huds.f Native. Divs. 3.7.9. 11-13. Festuca elatior x Lolium perenne. f Native. Div. 3. Cadnev, 1896 ! Growing where the two species were found together. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Native. Divs. 1.3.4.11.12.16. Mr. W. H. Beeby's Herb. Bromus giganteus L.t Native. Divs. 1.3.7.8. 13- 16. Bromus ramosus Huds.t Native. Divs. 1.2.7.3.11.12.14-18. Bromus erectus Huds.t Native. Divs. 4.6. 10. 13. 15. Bromus sterilis L.t Native. Divs. 1-3.5.8.9.11.13.14.16.18. Bromus secalinus L.t Native. Divs. 3. 11. Skegness, 1891 ; F. T. Mott. Cadnev! 1896 (Ar. B.). Bromus RAChOSUsl,. Alien. Divs. 7.13. < A common casual in dry meadows and M seed-fields/' St n by me in many places in N. and about Skellingthorpe in S-, but I have kept no specimens or records ' ; F. A. Lees. Nov. 1 5. 326 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK I CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Bromus commutatus Schrad. Native. Divs. 6.7.13.16. H. C- Watson's Herb. Bromus mollis L.+ Native. Divs. 1-5.7-9.11-13. 16-18. Bromus arvensis L-f A casual in 'seeds.' Divs. 8. 12. 13. Brachypodium gracile Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1-3. 7.8. 13-16. Brachypodium pinnatum Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1-3.7.8. n. 13-16. Lolium perenne L.t Native. Divs. 1-18. Var. italicum Braun.f A sown alien. Divs. 1-18. On some rich soils and highly farmed pastures it is perennial for years. Var. tenue L.t Native. Divs. 3.13. Var. stoloxiferum G. Sinclair. Native. Div. 7. Normanby-le- Wold, 1823; G. Whitworth. See Sinclair's Hurt Gram. Wob., 1825, pp. 212 and 217. Lolium temulentum Y,. Native? Div. 8. Ken wick, circa 1850; Rev. J. H. Thompson in H. C Watson's 1873-4 Top. But notes in Bot. Dep. Brit. Mus., South Kensington. Var. arvexse With. Div. 5. Near Gainsborough, 1865 ; Rev. R. H. Charter's MS. Notes. Agropyron caninum Beauv.f Native. Divs. 7. 12. 14. 16. Agropyron repens Beauv.f Native. Divs. 1-18. Var. barbatum DuvaWouve.f Native. Divs. 1-4.6.7.9. 14.16. 17. Agropyr Native. Divs. 17.18. Var. littorale Reichb. Native. Divs. 3.4.12. Watson's Brit. Mus. Notes^ and Rev. \\\ Fowler, Nat^ 1879, p. 149. Agropyron acutum Roem. et Schult.t Native. Divs. 9.11.17. Agropyron junceum Beauv.f Native. Divs. 4. 11. 17. Lepturus filiformis Trin.f Native. Divs. 2.1 1. 12. 17. 18. Var. tifeuRTAT&s Trin. Native. Divs. 4.9; Rev. W. Fowler's MSS. Nardus stricta L.+ Native. Divs. 1-3.5.7. 13. Hordeum sylvaticum Huds.+ Native. Div. 13. Doddington, i860 ; Rev. R. E. G. Cole (Ar. B.). Hordeum secalinum Schreb.t Native. Divs. 1-5.7.8.10-13.15.1S. Hordeum murinum L.t Native. Divs. 1 5.9.11-14.16.18. Hordeum marinum Huds. Native. Divs. 3.11. 12. 17. Specimea in one of H. C. Watson's Herbaria. ■ Eiymus arenarius L.t Native. Divs. 4.9.1 1. 12. FILICES. Pteris aquilina L.t Native. Divs. 1-3. 5-8. 10- 13. 15. 16. Lomaria spfcant Desv.f Native. Divs. 1-3.5. 7.8.10.1 1. 13. Naturalist,. WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 327 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.f Native, I suppose. Divs. IO.Il(2).I2.l8. Asplenium viride Huds. Div. n. Toynton St. Peter's Church, i860 ; Rev, J. Dodsworth's Interleaved Flora. Asplenium trichomanes L.f Native? Div. 1(2). Owston Ferry and Epworth, 1878-1895; Rev. W. Fowler. Asplenium Ruta-muraria L.f Native. Divs. 1.2. 4.6.7. 9.10.12-16. Athyrium Filix-fcemina Roth.f Native. Divs. 1-3.6-8.ro. 13. 15. Ceterach officixarum Willd. Wind-sown from garden? Div. 14. N num Polystichum lobatum Presl.f Native, Divs. 8.11(3). Var. aculeatum Syme.t Divs. 1.4. it. Polystichum annulare Presl.f Native. Divs. 5.8.11(3). Lastraea Thelypteris Presl. Native. Divs. 2.3.7. Herb. Brit. Mus. Lastraea Oreopteris Presl.f Native. Divs. 1. 3. 5. 7. 8.1 1. 13. Lastraea Filix-mas Presl.f Native. Divs. 1-3.6. 7. 10-16. Var. affinis Bab. There was a specimen in Messrs. Bogg's Herb., but I never received it. Div. 8, I imagine. See F. A. Lees' Outline Flora. Var. paleacea Moor.f Native. Divs. 1.7. 10. Lastraea spinulosa Presl.f Divs. 1-3.5.7.10.11. 13.15. Lastraea dilatata Presl.f Native. Divs. 1-3.6-8. 10-13.15. Polypodium vulgare L.f Native. Divs. 1.3.6-8.11-13.15. Phegopteris Dryopteris Fee.f An alien, I imagine. Div. 1. In an oak wood, now cut down, near Epworth. 'It has been found many times since the wood was felied in this neighbour- hood, but is scarce now. 7 — Sam. Hudson. Edward Newman writes, Hist Brit. Ferns, 1854, p. 59, 'It has been recorded as growing in Lincolnshire, but I have reason to suspect the intentional introduction of the species, or an error in name, since it certainly requires some proficiency in botany to dis- tinguish between this and the following species/ Phegopteris calcarea Fee. Alien, if with us now. Div. 3. Horkstow, 1892; Miss Firbank. Osmunda regaiis L.f Native, but very rare now. Divs. 1.2.5. 10.13. Ophioglossurn vulgatum L.f Native. Divs. 1-3.6-15.17. Botrychium Lunaria Sw.f Native. Divs. i-4*7- IO - r 3 Nov. t Sg6. 328 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK 3 CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. EQUISETACF-E. Equisetum maximum Lam.t Native. Divs. 3.7. 8.10.11. 15.16. Equisetum arvense L.t Native. Divs. 1-9.11-14.16-18. Equisetum sylvaticum L.f Native. Divs. 2.3.6.7.12. 13. Equisetum palustre L.f Native. Divs. 1. 3-5. 7-9.1 1.13.16. Var. polystachyum Syme.t Divs. 2.5.14. Var. nudum Nevvm. Div. 2. Crossby Warren, 1870-80; Rev. W. Fowler. ' A starved state.'— J. T. B. Equisetum limosum Sm.f Native. Divs. 1 .3-9.11-14. 16. 17. Var. fluviatile L.t Native. Divs. 1.3-7.9. 11. 13.1 6. Equisetum hyemale L. Div. 12. Wainfleet, 1829. E. Oldfield's Wainfleet > p. 310. LYCOPODIACE.E. Lycopodium Selago L. Div. 1. W. Peck's Isle of Axholme, 18 15. Lycopodium inundatum L.f Native. Divs. 2.5.7. Lycopodium clavatum L. Native. Divs. 2.5. Herb. Brit. Mus. Lycopodium alpinum L. Native, if still with us. Div. 2. Crossby Warren, where iron workings are now, 1875 ; Rev. W. Fowler, Herb. Brit. Mus. L of B. 1883, p. 84. SELAGINELLACE.E. Selaginella selaginoides Gray.f Native. Divs. 2.5. CHARACE/E. The specimens have been submitted to the critical examination of Messrs. H. and J. Groves ; for which we have to thank them. Chara fragilis Desv.t Native. Divs. 3.7.1 1. 13.16. Var. barbata Gant.f Native. Div. 16. Dunsby, 1895 ; Mason and Peacock. Var. Hedwigii Kuetz.f Native. Div. 16(2). Deeping and Crowland, 2.8/83 : W. H. Beeby. Var. deiicatula A. Br.f Native. Div. 3. Newstead, 19.7*94? Mason and Peacock. Chara aspera Willd.f Native. Divs. 1.16. Althorpe, 8/94; Rev. W. Fowler. Deeping Fen, 1884; \V. H. Beeby. 'The commonest species and the only one that is generally plentiful : covering the bottom of the larger drains for miles.' — W. H. B. in J. of B,, 1884, p. 2. Chara polyacantha Braun.f Native. Div. 3. Bigby, 20.7/94; Mason and Peacock. Chara contraria Kuetz.t Native. N. 9. North Somercotes, 1896; Lees and Peacock (Ax. B.). Chara hispida L.f Native. Divs. 1.3.4. 7. 15. 16. tfatw *, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 329 Chara vulgaris L.t Native. Divs. 1-4.7.9. n-13. 15.16. Var. longibracteata Kuetz.f Native. Divs. 3.6.12-14.16. Var. papillata Wallr.f Native. Divs. 14.16. Sleaford, 1895; Mason and Peacock. Deeping St. James, 2. 8/83; W. H. Beeby. Tolypella glomerata Leonh.t Native. Div. 12. Leverton, 7/94, and Wainfleet, 1 9.5/94; Rev. W. \V. Mason. Tolypella prolifera Leonh.t Native. Div. 16. Deeping Fen, 29. 7/83; W. H. Beeby. Nitella opaca Agardh.t Native. Divs. 3(3)-4-7- The following list of aliens, escapes, and outcasts, not to be found in the 9th ed. of The London Catalogue, includes nothing that I believe to have been purposely planted. They are in alphabetical order under the scientific name, for the sake of rapid reference, and because they are hardly worth the trouble of recording at all, in my opinion. I have specially to thank Mr. J. G. Baker, 1 . R.S., the keeper of the Herbarium at Kew ; Mr. James Britten, F.L.S., of the Bot. Dep. Brit Mus. ; Mr. F. A. Lees, of Leeds ; and Mr. E. G. Baker, of the Bot. Dep. Brit. Mus., South Kensington, for continual help in naming these foreign aliens, Achillea decolorans L.t Divs. 9.15. Achillea tomextosa L. Div. 12. Boston, 1856; P.Thompson. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. Div. 7. Rasen, among clover after- math, 1877 ; F. A. Lees. Herb. Brit. Mus. Amsinck Divs. 4.8.13. Foreign wheat. Anchusa italica t Div. 13. Lincoln, ICS96. Lees, Sneath, and Peacock. Axdrosace septextr/oxal/s L. This was a garden plant or escape. C. Merrett's Pinax Return, 1667, p. 6. Found by Mr. Halilah. Anthemis discoidea Lt Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; Lees, Sneath, and Peacock. Arabis albida L*t Div. 12. Near Boston, 5.84; L. Gibbs. Artemisia c er> r ,ESC£^ L. See Not* 1S95, P* 9^- Atheiexis humilis.+ Div. 9. Mablethorpe, 1895 ! B. Crow. Buefvx/a TEXL'iFOLfA Sm, See Nat* 1894, p. 139. Bunias orientalis L.t Div. 5. Kirton Station Flour Mill, 1893 ; Peacock. Foreign wheat. Calendula officinalis L.t Divs. 2.3.4. Garden escapes or outcasts. *ov. 1896. 330 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Campanula pyramidalis.f Div. 10. Woodhall Spa, 1882 ; Miss Mackinder. Garden escape. Campanula speculum L.t Div. 13. Doddington, 1862 ; Rev. R. E. G. Cole. In foreign wheat. Cannabis sativa L.t Divs. 3.5-7- From escaped bird-seed and foreign wheat. Centaurea axillaris Willd.t Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896 ; L., S., and P. Centaurea spinosa L>t Div. 6. Cleethorpes, 31.8/85 ; Rev. H. Friend. Druce Herb., Oxford. Collomia linearis.t Divs. i.io.ii. Garden escapes ? Croccs sativus L. Div. 16. Ropsley, 1838; Rev. J. Dodswotth. In a stone-pit by the road-side between the Nightingale Inn and Ropsley Rise. This is the true Saffron. Dianthus barbatus L.f Divs. 2.13. Garden outcasts. Dips ac us Fulloxum Mill. Divs. 3.15. Echinospermum Lappula Lehm.f Div. 13. Mere, 1895; Miss Pears. In wheat. Elymus gexiculatus Curt. Div. 11. Skegness and Ingoldmelis, 1838?; Rev. J. Dodswonh. According to W. T, Aiton's Hortus Kewensis, London, 1810, vol. 1, p. 176, Sir J. Banks introduced Elymus philadclphicus from North America into England. Can Dods worth's plants have been the last vestige of his experiments on the Lincolnshire coast? Erysimum hieracifolium L.t Divs. 12.17. Eschscholtzia californica.t Div. 5. Kirton Station, by Flour Mill. Brought with Californian wheat. Faba vulgaris L.t Divs. 3.13. Cadney, 1894; water carried and thrown out with sand in cleaning Kelsey Beck. Lincoln, 1896 ; L., S., and P. Falcaria Rivini Host.t Div. 6. Lincoln, near Barracks, 1895; W. Higginbottom. Farsetia incana R. Br.f Div. 6. Lincoln, in a seed field, 1895 ; Miss W. T. Venables. Galium Spurium L.t Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; L., S., and P. 1 Genista ovata Wiild t Div. 13. Near Scopwick Railway Station, 1896; Rev. W. W. Mason. Gilia capitata Don.f Div. 13. Mere, 1895; Rev. W. \V. Mason. Heliotropum peruvianum L.t Div. 1. Grey Green, Belton, 1895; S. Hudson. From escaped seed after hot summer of 1893? ? Naturalist, WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. 33 I Iberis umbellata L.+ Div. 4. Cleethorpes Shore, 1896; Peacock. A garden outcast or escape. Iris germanica L.t Div. 2. In a stone-pit between Roxby and Wintcrton, 1892 ; Rev. \V. Fowler. A garden outcast. JaxiPERus sabixa L. Div. 6. Lea Wood, 1893; Miss Anderson. Bird sown ? Lathyrus annuus L.f Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896 ; L., S., and P. Lathyrus inconspicuus Willd. Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896 ; L., S., and P. Limnanthes Douglasii Br.t Div. 2. Bottesford, 1866. Impermanent. f Div. 3. A garden escape or outcast Mahonia aauifolium Nat Malva nkceensis L.t Div. 15. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; L., S., and P. Melilotus caerulea L.+ Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; J. S. Sneath. Neslia paniculata Desf.t Div. 7. Hatton, in seed-field, 1894; W. Higginbottom. Nigella damascena L.f Div. 7. Middle Rasen, in corn-field, 1894 ; Mrs. Tryon. CEnothera Godestea.f Div. 5. Scotton Common, 1896 ; Rev. W. Fowler. From bird-sown or blown seed. Oxalis violacea L.t Div. 10. Mavis Enderby, 1896 : Miss S. T. Ratinsley. Found in a field recently broken up into small plantations. Philadelphia coronarius L. Div. 8. Nat, 189 1, p. 41. Raphinus Laudra Morett.t Div. 5. Kirton Station, by Flour Mill, 1896 ; Peacock. Salvia verticillata L.f Div. 15. Ancaster,i895; Rev. W. W. Mason. Scilla BJ FOLIA L. Div. io, Thornton, before I 820 ; Ward-Weir List, 1820. I think this was a mistake. Sciila italica L.f Div. 7. Holton, 1896 ; Rev. W. W. Mason. Selena bracteata Cavan. ?t Div. 3. North Kelsey, 1892-96 ; Peacock. But this is a doubtful case of naming, for we have never been able to flower this plant under glass or in the open. It was named at Kew approximately. If it is right, it is a native America trees you come to the S. Kelsey boundary. Nov. xt * 2>$2 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : CATALOGUE OF LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Secale orientale Willd.t Div. 5. Kirton Station, by Flour Mill, 1896 ; Peacock. Silene dichotorna Ehrh.t Divs. 1.5. Silene pendula L.t Div. 10. Kirkstead, 1893; Miss Mackinder. Spiraea tormentosa Willd. Div. 5. Nat. 1895, p. 258. Staphylea PiyNATA L. See Nat. 1894, p. 216, and Phyt. 1842, p. 9. Symphoricarpus racemosus Micb.f Divs. 2.3.5.10. Often far enough away from gardens and woods in hedges. Whether it can bring its seeds to perfection I cannot say j once in a stop it extends by its creeping roots. Tetragonolobus siliquosus. Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896 ; L., S., and P. Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. Div. 2. Appleby, in wood, 1895 ; Hon. Mrs. R. N. Sutton-Nelthorpe. Tracheliltm majus. Div. 10. Revesby, before 1820; Ward- Weir List. Trifolium badium P. S.t Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, T896 ; L., S., and P. Trifolium spumosum L.t Div. 13. Same as last. Trigonella Fcenum-grsecum Willd. Div. 13. Same as last. Triticum moxococcum L. T. Johnson's Herball, 1633, p. 74- .* Briza m^nococceus. St. Peter's corn. My memorie deceives me if I have not often times found many ears thereof amongst ordtnarie barley, when as I lived in the further side of Lincoln- shire, and they there call it Brant Barley. 7 This species is still cultivated under the name of St. Peter's Corn. Vicia monantha Willd.t Div. 13. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; L., S., and P. Vicia narbonensis L.f Divs. 2.13. Twigmoor, 3.6/95 ; Charles Waterfall, and in his Herb. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896; L., S., and P. Vicia pseudo-cracca Berh.f Div. 13. Same as last. This is F. tenuifolia Roth. Vicia striata Breb.f Div. 13. Same as last. Wiedemannia erythrotricha Benth.t Divs. 5.13. Kirton Station, by the Flour Mill, 1895 ; Peacock. Lincoln, by Fossdyke, 1896 ; L., S. ? and P. It is my intention to continue this series of papers, bringing tne whole up-to-date to the end of season 1896, and afterwards to kee; it so bv occasional DaDers. Naturalist, 31 "* NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BOULDERS OF SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. THOMAS SHEPPARD, Hon. Secretary to Hull Naturalists' and Scientific Club ; Hull. Whilst examining the erratics in the vicinity of Barton for the newly-formed Lincolnshire Boulder Committee, I found a boulder of Shap Granite, measuring 2 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 3 inches, by 1 foot + . This was at the foot of a gatepost at the entrance to Mr. Milson's mill, near the top of the hill just outside Barton, on the South Ferriby Road. The granite in question was well rounded and thoroughly embedded in the ground, so that its precise dimensions could not be ascertained. Owing to its long exposure to the atmosphere the upper part is weathered, the large pink felspars being very prominent. It was in its present position when Mr. Milson took charge of the place several years ago, and I have no doubt it came originally from the boulder clay which occurs in the neighbourhood, though up to the present I have been unable to get any definite information on the point. So for as I can learn,, this is the first boulder of Shap Granite recorded for Lincolnshire. A few weeks later, when walking along the Humber bank between South Ferriby Hall and the Chalk Pit, I was fortunate enough to find a small pebble of the same rock in the Boulder Clay at a depth of eighteen feet. I have this pebble before me as I write. Though small, it is a very good sample, and there is no doubt whatever that it is Shap Granite. The characteristic felspars are exceptionally well shown, and, though the pebble is only an inch and a half long, there are portions of no less than four porphyrinic crystals of felspar thereon, one of them showing the twinning. This specimen, it should be noted, was found in the clay only about two miles from the previously mentioned boulder. 1 There are two Boulder Clays in the cliff between Ferriby Chalk Pit and the Hall. The lower one, which is only a thin deposit, is of a dark colour, is very compact, and contains a fair quantity of boulders of different sorts, including rhomb-porphyry and others of Scandinavian origin.* The upper clay, however, is of a totally different character. It attains a thickness of about 20 feet in its highest part, which is near the centre of the cliffs, and gradual!) thins out towards the east and west. It resembles the 'He sie* Tl -■-■-.-■ , , a—MUM H.tt — -----Lf — ' '■■-" ' l f ■■■■'■ >!■! ■ ■! I ■■ ■ ■ I I I *<' ■ ' For a list of the various rocks of Scandinavian origin found in Line >insiiire > see the list which accompanies my paper 4 On the Occurrence of Scandinavian, boulders in England' (Glac. Mag., vol Hi, 1895, p. 129). Nov, 1396. 334 SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. •clay of Wood and Rome,* being of a very red colour, blue-jointed in places, and containing only a few pebbles (including rhomb- porphyry). Large boulders are only rarely found in this upper clay. In both deposits pebbles, generally of carboniferous limestone, are often found beautifully ice-scratched, and sometimes even polished. On the opposite side of the Humber, at North Ferriby, is a precisely similar deposit, about the same size as the bed at South Ferriby, containing similar boulders (though in far greater number and variety), and composed of similar beds of Boulder Clay, etc. These sections have recently been fully described by Mr. J. W. Stather, F.G.S.** Both Mr. Stather and the writer have found boulders of Shap Granite here. The Rev. W. Tuckwell tells me he has lately found a block of Shap Granite measuring i foot by i foot, by r foot 6 inches, at Irby, near Laceby, North Lincolnshire. It was ' taken out of an old Saxon wall, 7 and is ■ hollowed into quern-like depressions on three sides. 5 Of course there is no knowing from where this boulder may have been carted, along with other stones, to build the wall with. Mr. Parrish also has seen a boulder at Yarborough, measuring about 5 feet by 3 feet, which he thinks may possibly be Shap Granite, though he is not certain about it. I should be glad if any reader ot this note who lives in the vicinity, or who happens to be passing would chip a piece off the boulder (the larger the piece the better) and send it either to Mr. Tuckwell or myself, together with exact measurements, etc., as, if it proves to be Shap Granite, it will be the largest boulder of that rock found in Lincolnshire. Mr. Clement Reid, F.G.S., in his ■ Geology of Holderness,' 1885, page 35, refers to a boulder of Shap Granite which he found on the beach near Dimlington, and which up to that time was ' the furthest point to the south-east to which Shap Granite had yet been traced.' Later, Mr. John Cordeaux records a boulder of this rock at Kilnsea near Spurn. f This is now in the garden of Mr. H. B. Hewetson, at Easington. Inland, at Royston near Barnsley, which is just south of the line of the Humber, this granite has been found, || and Messrs. Corbett and Kendall report a boulder at Balby near Doncaster ; X this and the Barton, South Ferriby, and Irby specimens described above, are the only records that I know of for the country immediately south of the Humber. * Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc, vol. xxiv, p. 146. ** In a paper read to the Yorks. Geo!. Soc. at Whitby, July, 1S96. f s The Naturalist,' 1S89, p. 355. Mackintosh. GeoL Mag., 1871, p. 312, X Report of Brit. Assn. Committee on Erratic Blocks, 1896. Nature *«i SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 335 Whilst in the quarries at Wasdale Crag in Westmorland last Easter (it is from this place that all the boulders of Shap Granite have originally travelled) I obtained a quantity of hand specimens of the rock, and shall be very pleased indeed to send a piece to anyone in Lincolnshire interested in the subject, who is unacquainted with the rock, in the hopes that a constant look-out may be made for 'Shaps.' I feel confident that many other boulders of this granite will be found in Lincolnshire — they only require looking for. The rock cannot very well be mistaken, it is a ' pepper- and-salt '-looking granite, of a pinkish colour, containing large rectangular crystals of flesh-coloured felspar, which vary from an inch to an inch and a half in length, and are about half as wide. The matrix consists of minute crystals of colourless quartz, pink felspars and black mica, together with other minerals. There is also a whitish variety of the same rock, the ground-mass in this case containing several small specks of w T hite felspar, which give it a generally whiter aspect. This granite has recently formed the subject of an exhaustive paper by Messrs. Harker and Marr. : " I should here like to say a few words respecting the Lincolnshire Boulder Committee. It was with very great pleasure that I read in Part I. of the Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' LTnion, the Presidential address of Mr. J. Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., in which he proposed (p. 7) that a Boulder Committee should be formed whose object would be 'to take observations relative to the erratic or ice-borne blocks of Lincolnshire, their character, position, size, origin and height above the sea. This to be carried out on the same lines generally as those adopted by the Boulder Committee of the British Association.' It is also gratifying to learn that this suggestion has been carried out, the Committee consisting of the following gentlemen: — The Rev. W. Tuckwell (Secretary), and Messrs. F. M. Burton, J. H. Cooke, H. Preston, A. W. Rowe, E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock and P, F. Kendall. Though only in existence a very short period, a large amount of good work has already been done. Mr, Tuckwell has put on record particulars of a quantity of boulders (including some Norwegian) obtained from a depth of over ten feet at Grimsby,t and during the past summer the Hull Geological Society and the writer have sent particulars of a large number of erratics which have been observed at different places in the county, to the Committee. In May last the Hull Society made an excursion in the Louth neighbourhood, when Mr. Tuckwell, Mr. Kendall (the Secretary of Brit. Assn. Erratic * Quart. Joura. Geo*. Soc., 1891, p. 266-328. t 23rd Report Brit. Assn. Erratic Blocks Committee, 1895. "■* ■ ■* Nov. 1896. 336 SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE Blocks Committee), and others were also present. On this occasion everybody was surprised at the large quantity of boulders and rocks of foreign origin that were found on and in the Boulder Clay of the district. In front of the entrance to Thorp Hall, just outside Louth, on the Lincoln Road, was a boulder of Augite-syenite, a characteristic Norwegian rock, measuring 2 feet by 1 foot 8 inches, by 1 foot 5 inches, which still retained the scratches inflicted upon it by the ice during the ' Glacial Period.' Up to the time of writing, this is one of the largest boulders of Augite-syenite recorded for Britain, if not the largest. Steps are being taken by Captain Tennyson, the owner of Thorp Hall, to preserve this boulder. GEOLOGISTS AT LOUTH, MAY 1896. Rev. W. Tuck well. Mr. W. H. Crofts. Mr. T. Sheppard. Mr. Clapkam. Mr. P. F. Kendall. Mr. F. F. Walton. Mr. j. W. Stather. Mr. D. Cross There is another Norwegian rock which was found in plenty in the Boulder Clays, viz., Rhomb-porphyry. This is so called on account of the large rhomb-shaped crystals of felspar (orthoclase), which are embedded in a fine-grained matrix, which varies in colour from slaty green to purple or brown. These i rhombs * are especially striking on a water-worn surface. From these numerous finds it would appear that there IS a splendid field open for persons havin^ a ^eolosncal inclination * 3? C? C7* who are fortunate enough to live in the 4 second largest county^ot . / SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 337 England/ So far as I am concerned, I shall be glad at any time to render what services I can, and if any of our Lincolnshire friends would care to have specimens of the commoner of the Norwegian rocks, I shall be only too pleased to have the opportunity of supplying them. Mr. Tuckwell, the Secretary of the Boulder Committee, would, I am sure, answer any inquiries respecting the boulders of his county, or receive any information respecting the erratics of any part of Lincolnshire. With regard to the manner in which the various far-travelled stones have reached their present positions, the following is the view generally accepted by those geologists who make a special study of the subject. During the last of the series of great geological events, viz., the ' Glacial Period/ the climate gradually grew colder and colder, and the snow accumulated on the great hill-centres of the Northern Hemisphere, and probably of the whole world. The cause of this it is not necessary at the present moment to discuss. As the accumulated snow was in excess of the quantity annually melted, glaciers began to descend, first of all into the Irish Sea from all sides, namely, North Wales, Ireland, the Clyde, and the English Lake District, and into the North and Baltic Seas from the Scandinavian Mountains. Year after year, the glaciers increased in magnitude, and the ice flowing into the Irish Sea (which is only, comparatively speaking, very shallow) coalesced, entirely excluding the water,! and finally diverted the ice from the Lake District over the Lower Stainmoor Pass into Teesdale, down which it flowed towards the North Sea. In the meantime the ice from the Scandinavian Mountains, advancing in a huge sheet (which would resemble the Greenland Ice-cap of the present day), encroached upon the waters of the North Sea,j| and, after reaching our shores, the two glaciers flowed down the east coast. The Norse ice brought with it the boulders of rhomb-porphyry, augite-syenite, etc., while the Teesdale glacier carried the boulders of Shap Granite, ' Brockram/' and other Lake District rocks, together with boulders of carboniferous limestone from the sides of Teesdale itself. It was at this stage, when the Scandinavian arrested the progress of the Teesdale ice, that the bulk of the latter glacier was diverted down the Vale of York and * The subject has been fully dealt with by Mr. P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., in 'The Cause of an Ice Age.' Trans. Leeds Geol Ass., part viii, 1893. t We have proof that it covered Son Fell (2,034 feet), the highest peak in the Isle of Man, Kendall, 'On the Glacial Geology of the Isle of Man.' Yn Lioar 894 Sea, is exceedingly Nov. 1896. X 33% SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. formed the beautiful crescentric mounds around York, which have been so lucidly described by Mr. Kendall.* These mounds are terminal moraines. The Boulder Clays of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, therefore, not only mark the area covered by the ice, but contain boulders which help to indicate the direction the ice took.f The Norwegian ice-sheet, as might be expected, laid down a moraine, and this, a line of gravel hills, extends from Flamborough Head into Lincolnshire, crossing the Humber at Paull. During the many oscillations of the ice front the moraine was over-ridden perhaps on two or three occasions. In addition to the great moraine just mentioned there is a smaller, though none the less interesting, one, a few miles to the west of this large one. This moraine (for such it is) crossed the Humber at North and South Ferriby, the Boulder Clay cliffs on either side of that estuary being all that is left of a bank of glacier debris that once existed right across the river, which would no doubt at some time interfere with its drainage. It was in this moraine, at a depth of eighteen feet, that the pebble of Shap Granite referred to at the beginning of this paper was obtained. It should here be remarked that whilst ' boulder-searching ' during the past summer I found a piece of chalk thoroughly embedded in the chalky rubble on which the bank of boulder clay rests at South Ferriby, which was beautifully ice-scratched, the striations thereon indicating that the ice which made them came from a north-easterly direction. The foregoing remarks may perhaps appear to be a rather round- about way of explaining the transportation of the boulders in East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, but it must be borne in mind that were it not for the fact that the Irish Sea was filled with ice to over- flowing, thus causing the Lake District ice to find its way into the North Sea, to be afterwards dragged down by the Norwegian ice-sheet, we should not have had the pleasure of finding Shap Granite in Lincolnshire ! The whole subject is so full of interest that one could say much more, but I feel I have already trespassed too much on valuable space. However, I have endeavoured to show that simply recording -*-* ♦The Giaciation of Yorkshire. Proc. Yorks. GeoL Soc., 1893. See also Mr. C. Fox Strangways' paper in Proceedings of same Society for 1895. t Mr. Fox Strangways' paper (just referred to) is accompanied by an excellent map showing the drift -covered area of Yorkshire, and a similar map appears with Mr. A. J. Jukes-Brownes paper in Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc. for May 18S5, p. **% indicatir the range of the Boulder Clays in the county of Lincoln. Natural^ SHEPPARD : SHAP GRANITE, ETC., IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 339 < erratics ' is not uninteresting, and it is such facts as these that we must have in order to solve the complex glacial problems that are occupying the attention of so many of the geologists of to-day. No matter what theory may be advanced in order to explain the presence of these boulders, the records of the boulders themselves must be first considered. In conclusion, I sincerely hope that an earnest effort will be made, by all who are able, to help the Lincolnshire Boulder Com- mittee in their work. The Yorkshire Boulder Committee have now been in existence some ten years, and have each year printed most valuable reports, though the county is far from being 'worked out' yet. The ■ East Riding ' Boulder Committee, which reports to the Yorkshire Boulder Committee, has divided the area under its super- vision into mile squares, each member taking one or more of these -quares and reporting all the large boulders occurring in the area allotted to him. By this means a systematic record is being made and though we can hardly expect our few, too few, fellow-workers in Lincolnshire to adopt the same course just yet, it is to be hoped this method will be carried out in time to come. Unlike the other sections of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, the geologists are able to pursue their field-work, and with good result too, during the winter months. In fact, for boulder recording, wet weather is decidedly preferable,- as the rocks show off to far greater advantage when wet, and can thus be identified with much greater ease. We need only go into one of the numerous ' cobble • paved yards that abound in districts where Boulder Clay occurs (the being In dry weather be have been thoroughly cleaned with rain, it is quite surprising what a variety of granites, porphyrites, schists, limestones, sandstones, etc., can be seen. This variety is also noticeable, though not to such an appreciable extent, among the larger erratics. Mr. J. Lomas, speaking of striated surfaces in the Liverpool district, says — 4 It is worth remarking that the striae more thickly congregate in places where geologists reside?* Let us hope that our Lincolnshire boulder reports will shortly show a similar result. The illustration given on page 336 is prepared from a snap- shot of a Dortion of the nartv at Louth, whilst walking down a slight ^ — .* „ w „ incline. I am ir use of the same. perm is * /-* Glacialiits' Magazine, Vol. III., 1895, p. 21 ^»Ov. 1896, 34° MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. NOTE—DIPTERA. Nycteribia latreillii in Cheshire. — As the curious insects of the genus- Nycteribia are not often obtained by entomologists, it may be well to record the occurrence of this species in Cheshire. On December 15th, 1894, Mr. T. A. Coward and I obtained a Daubenton's Bat ( Vcspertilio daubentonii) in the old copper mines at Alderley Edge, which was infested with these parasites. To secure them proved to be no easy matter, as they seemed to swim through the fur of their host,, swiftly gliding along the surface for a moment, and then disappearing again before we could seize them with a pair of forceps. Mr. P. H. Grimshaw has kindly identified the species for me. — Chas. Oldham, August 24th, 1896. NOTE— FUNGI. Jews-ears and Scarlet Peziza in Furness. — Many years ago the Rev. F. A. Malleson told me he had found Hirneola auricula-jud(Z Berk, near Broughton- in-Furness. Early this year Mr. W. Duckworth sent me some beautiful specimens collected in Plumpton Woods, near Ulverston, on elder. There may be other records for this species in this district, but I am not aware of them. The Scarlet Peziza {Peziza coccinea Jacq. ) is fairly well distributed, sometimes almost abundant,, especially after the coppices have been cut. In the Duddon Woods (S. W. Cumberland) often in great quantity, and I have gathered it also in two woods in the neighbourhood of Broughton-in-Furness, and Old Hall Wood near Ulverston. Mr. W. Waite saw it in quantity this year in White Ghyll Wood, near Ulverston ; and a lady sent some to a friend of mine gathered in the Plumpton Woods. Each of these places is on the coast side of the Furness area, and in each case the fungus- was growing on hazel.— S. L. Petty, Ulverston, October 10th, 1896. NO TES— OKNITHOL OGY. Late Stay of Swift in Cheshire.— The Swifts (Cypseius apus) as a rale, leave us in the latter half of August, and it is unusual to see even a solitary laggard at the end of the month. I was therefore surprised to see a single bird hawking about with some Swallows (Hirundo rustica) and House Martins (Ckeliaott urbica) near Romiley, on the afternoon of September 13th. — Chas. Oldham, Romiley, September 19th, 1896. Buffon's Skua in Northumberland.— A fine specimen of Buffon's Skua {Siercorarius parasiticus), in immature plumage, has been shot on the Northumber- land coast. This bird — as far as I know — is very rare on this coast. 1" Richardson's Skua (St. crepidatus), the shafts of the wing feathers are all white, but in BurTon's only the first two. The young bird has not the long tail of the mature. This present specimen is in the hands of Mr. Duncan, for preservation.. — H. T. Archer, Lombard Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, October 9th, 1896. Flamborough Bird-Notes, October 1896.— So far the month of October has been a very wet and boisterous one, but I am glad to say we have had no shipwrecks or loss of li(c, although the coast of Flamborough is a very rough ana dangerous one. Ever since the month came in hundreds of birds have arrived on the headland. Great flocks of Larks (Aiauda arvensis) have been coming in trom the sea; Lapwings iVanellus vamllus), Hooded Crows {Corvus comix), and Blackbirds ( Tardus merula). On the 13th, I had brought in the Great Shrike {Lanius excubitor), also the Quail (Cotumix cotumix). Several Woodcocks (Scoiopax m ticoia) have been shot, and several seen. Yesterdav, Mr. AHfe*j® Sedman saw the Great Spotted Woodpecker {Dendrocopus major). On the Sib, hundreds of flocks of Kit ti wakes {Rissa tridactvia) were passing south, and flock of Skuas (Stercorarius sp. ) following in the same direction. On the 12th, I^k 15th, and 16th, we had nothing but gales of wind which brought great quantities of Kittiwakes, this time ail going north.— Matthew Bailev, Flamborougn, October 19th, 1896. Naturalist 34i THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA, I597(?)-i893. LISTER PETTY. Ulverston, TENTH PAPER. Antennaria dioica R.Br. Clarke's First Record, 1641. Gnaphalium L. 1762. Hudson, FL Ang., ed. i., 312. Mont in Cumb., Lanes., etc., frequens. 1775. Jenkinson, Brit. PL, 200. On mountains of Lancashire, etc. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. ' Common,' no locality. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Ma on. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Dunnerdale Fells ; highest ridge of Cartmel Fell. 1885. Baker's Flora, 13S. Miss Hodgson repeated. • ■ Gnaphalium uliginosum L. C.F.R., 1597. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1 ^74- J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Cxnaphalium sylvaticum L. C.F.R., 1548. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 713-14, as rectum. — On the great island in Windermere, Woodward, and repeated in every subsequent edition. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common, 7 no locality. J ^74- J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Hillsides not infrequent, Lindeth, near Pool Bridge, Rusland. 1885. Baker's Flora, 135. Humphrey Head. Inula Helenium L. C.F.R., 157c 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 730. Several places near Dalton-in- Furness, clearly in a wild state. W. Atkinson, and repeated in every subsequent edition. Also in 1800. Smith, FL Brit., 891. 1805. West Antiq., ed. Close, 378. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Cuide, iL, 371. 1829. Smith, Eng. FL, ed. ii., vol. 3, 441. Atkin >n repeated, and * between Ulverston and Foulness,' J. Crowe. X839. Baxter, Ph^nog. Bot, iv., 265. 1842. Evans, Furness and Durness Abbey, 25. 1843. jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. I869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. I885, Baker's Flora, 139. Atkinson repeated. 1892. ' Naturalist,' 303. Near Aldingham in 1888 and 1892, L. Petty. 1893. * Naturalist.' ^fc E, T. Baldwin writes that he saw this species in flower near DaJton many years ago, when he was a child. Note.— In Eng. Bot., ed. iii., vol. 5, pp. £7"& ■ Possibly native lr * the Lake District/ but no guide is given as to county. N v. 1S96 342 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. Inula Conyza DC. Conyza major mart CB. C.F.R., 1597- First reported by Lawson to Ray, April, 1688. 1718. Derhani, Phil. Lett, 215. By Cartmel Medicinal Well, Lawson. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 717. At Force Forge and Hollow Oak, in Furness Fells, Jackson. On the Common near Penny Bridge Atkinson, and repeated in all following editions. 1805. West. Antq., 377. 1842. Evans, Furness and Furness Abbey, 24. 1848. Rays Corres. Ray Soc., 1 97 et seq., Lawson to Ray in full. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange, A. Mason. l874- J* °f **" Miss E. Hodgson. Waste places, Newland, etc. 1885. Baker's Flora, 139, Lawson repeated ; Yewbarrow and other places on the limestone about Grange and Cartmel (PJ.G.B.). 1888. Westm. Notebook, 84. Lawson repeated in Martindale's 'Early Westm/ Plant Records/ 1892. Haviland, Distrib. Disease, 377. No locality. Pulicaria dysenterica Gaertn. Conyza media Ger. C.F.R., i597- 1889. Westm. Notebook, 185. Extracts from Lawson's Notebook, circa 1680, ed. by J. A. Martindale. 'By Aldingham-in-Furness, Lawson. Bidens cernua L. C.F.R., 1570 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Peat ditches, Plumpton, and repeated 1885. Baker's Flora, 133. Achillea Millefolium L. C.F.R., 1538- 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Achillea Ptarraica L. C.F.R., 1597- 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. ■ Achillea Ptarmica fl. pi. Ptarmica fl. pi. First reported by lawson to Ray, April 1688. 1688. Ray, Fascic, 24. Little Holme Island in Windermere. Lawson, and repeated 1709, Robinson, T., Nat. Hist. Westm. and Cumb., 93- 1718. Derham, Phil. Lett., 220. Lawson to Ray, in full. 1724. R* v > Syn., ed. iii., 183. 1787. Withering, ed. ii., 841, and in all following editions. 1848. Ray Corresp., Ray Soc, 207. Lawson to Ray m full, and in 1888. Westm* Notebook, 84. [Diotis maritima Cass. A misnomer, see Filago ger ma nica,~\ Anthemis arvensis L. C.F.R., *7 f 3* 1874. T- of B. ? Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. t JJ attar* 115 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 343 Anthemis Cotula L. and A. nobilis. Are recorded in Baker, 141, as having been gathered, the former by Mr. Roper* near Skelwith Force, and the latter by himself near Colwith Force in 1882, and Mr. Arthur Bennett (J- of B., 1885, 330) considers A. nobilis thoroughly established and seemingly wild at the Colwith habitat. But are these on the Lancashire side of the river ? Chrysanthemum segetum L. C.F.R., 1570. 1874. J* of B -> Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 1 39. Uuddon Valley, Colwith, Hawkshead, Uiverston, Grange. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. C.F.R., 1570. 1864, Linton, Lake Country, 325. f Common,' no locality. 1874. J- °f B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Chrysanthemum Parthenium Pers. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Face of rocks, Furness Abbey. 1885. Baker's Flora, 140. A frequent straggler from gardens, Furness Abbey. Matricaria inodora L. C.F.R., 1633. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325— as Pyrethrttm. * Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson — as Chrysanthemum. Cultivated fields in Furness. Matricaria maritima L. 1796. Withering, ed. 3, 736— as Pyrethrum. Isle of Walney. Atkinson, and repeated in every edition and in 1805. West. Antiq. 378. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, ii., 372. 1835. Watson, New Bot. Guide, i., 301, but ascribed to ' E.G.' 1842. Evans, Furness and Furness Abbey, 25. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Shores from Grange westward. 1885. Baker's Flora, 140. >ty is abundant Flookboroueh ! Tanacetum vulgare L. C.F.R., 1597. 1874. J- of B > M * ss E - Hodgson— as Chrysanthemum T. Bardsea, doubtfully wild, and repeated 1885. Bakers Flora, 140. Artemisia Absinthium L. C.F.R-, 1551. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Lindeth Wood, Rusland, and repeated 1885. Baker's Flora, 134. Artemisia vulgaris I* C.F.R., 1-551* 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. * F. C S. Roper, of Eastbourne, b. 1819, d. 1896. Obit, notice in T- of B., 1896, p. 430. -■■ 896. 344 petty: constituents of north Lancashire flora. Artemisia maritima L. C.F.R., 1548. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 709. Isle of Walney, Atkinson ; sea coast between Barrow and Rampside, Gough, and repeated in all subsequent editions. 1805. West. Antiq., ed. Close, 376, Atkinson repeated. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmel, 266. 1885. Baker's Flora, 134, Atkinson and Gough repeated. Tussilago Farfara L. C.F.R., 1548. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. ? Common/ no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 136. 4 The highest station in which I have noted it is about the slate quarries on Coniston Old Man.' J. G. Baker. Petasites fragrans PresL 1892. Naturalist, 84. Naturalised on a roadside near Grange, 1890 ; roadside at Aldingham, a few plants only, 1889. W. Duck- worth. Petasites vulgaris Desf. = P. officinalis Moench. C.F.R., 1538. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange. A. Mason. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Margins of becks not uncommon. Doronicum Pardalianches L. 1892. Naturalist, 84. Naturalised near Swarthmoor, 1890. It grows on the bank of a stream. W. Duckworth. For some time I was much exercised to account for this plant having escaped ; the only explanation that seems feasible is in the following passage from the diary of a very precocious youth of eleven years old : — ■ I went by Swarthmoor Hall, a Place a great Deal of which is pulled down by that infamous Man Captain Lindow ; he has spoiled the Beauty of the Woods surrounding it, by hagging down the trees. . . . The Gardens belonging to Swarthmoor Hall are overgrown with Thistles, Briars, Thorns, &c, but there are some of the Garden Flowers growing wildl Pages 9 and 10. (The italics are mine). Journeys in Furness in the year 1777 by Wm. Fell, aged n years. Ed. by the Rev. L. R. Ayre, M.A. and long since out of print Senecio vulgaris L. 1887. Svo., 50 copies only] C.F.R., i53 8 - 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Senecio syl vatic us L. C.F.R., 17 r 3- 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1882. J. of B., 347- Lake Lancashire. W. F. Miller. io viscosus L. C R. 1885. Baker's Flora, 1 3 7. Sandy bank on Walney Island near the _rry. F. A. Lees. 1892. Naturalist, 81. Lees repeated. Walney land, Shore bank between Barrow and Rampside. L. Petty Natura PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 345 Jacobaea C.F.R., 1597. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 137. A discoid variety by the side of the high road between Grange and Lindale. J. G. Baker. Senecio aquaticus Huds. C.F.R., 166c 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. 'Common,' no locality. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Senecio saracenicus L. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, ii., 371- About Newby Bridge, J. Woods, junr., and repeated 1835. Watson, New B. G, i., 3°i- 1846. Phytologist, 428. By the river at Newby Bridge where Woods saw it. W. Borrer, and repeated 1861. (1855). Martineau's Guide, 1 84. C. F. Clowes. 1866. Eng. Bot., ed. iii., vol. 5, 87. Lancashire. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Corner of a field on the Old Hall estate. 1885. Baker's Flora, 138. Near Newby Bridge, and in an old orchard at Ghyll Head; first recorded by C.F.R., 1597. Woods. Miss Hodgson repeated. Carlina vulgaris L. 1861. Phytologist, 237. Humphrey Head, C. J- Ashfield. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 325. * Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Arctium minus Schk. A. lappa L. Aggregate, C.F.R., 1548. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. 'Common,' no locality. I874. Miss E. Hodgson. Roadsides at Penny Bridge and Bigland. I885. Baker's Flora, 1 29. ' Typical minus I have seen at Ulverston.' J- G. Baker. Arctium intermedium Lange. A. pufiens Bab. C.F.R., 1856. 1874. J- of B., Miss 1 Furness Shores at Bardsea. Roadside, Bigland Hall ; Note. — The commonest form in the [Lake] district is A. intermedium Lange. J. G. Baker. Carduus tenuifolius Curt. C.F.R., 1634. 1874. J Top of Humphrey Head 1885. Baker's Flora, 130. Miss Hodgson repeated About Barrow- in-Furness, W. Foggitt. Carduus crispus L. GF.R., 1629. 1885. Baker's Flora, 130. Furness Abbey and Grange. Not seen at Corns ton or the heart of the Lake District, J. G. Baker. 346 PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. Cnicus lanceolatus Willd C.F.R., 1597. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ' Common/ no locality. j No locality. Cnicus palustris Hoffm. C.F.R., 1633. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324, 'Common, 7 no locality. j No locality. Cnicus heterophyllus Roth. C.F.R., 1583. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Near Newby Bridge. 1885. Baker's Flora, 131. Miss Hodgson repeated. Cnicus acaulis Willd. C.F.R., 1629. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324 (as Carduus). Barrow. us arvensis Ho 174. J. of B., Mis urn Marianum C.F.R., 1597- No locality. 1805 In the Isle of Walney. Atkinson, and repeated 1842. Evans, Furness and Furness Abbey, 23. Serratula tinctoria L. C.F.R., 1570- 1842 Near the riverside near Newby Bridge. Gough. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ' Common/ no locality. 1874. J- oi B * Miss E - Hodgson. Hills, east of Backbarrow. 1885. Baker's Flora, 129. Banks of the river at Newby Head ; shore of Coniston Lake at Waterhead, Miss Susan Beever. On the shore of Windermere at Ferry Inn and other places, J. G. Baker. Isles of Windermere, W. Foggitt. Frequent Furness and Cartmel, J. Sidebotham. Drawn from Wray by Miss in Wilson. Miss Hodgson repeated. 1885. J. of B., 330. Windermere shore, near Low Wood, A. Bennett. itaurea Jacea L. 1874. J. of B., 370. Cark. Rev. W. M. Hind.* nigra C.F.R., 1597- 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. * Common/ no locality. No locality, as nierescens Bab. Roadside 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson Centaurea decipiens Thuill. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson east bank of river Crake, and repeated 1885. Baker's Flora, 132* Centaurea Scabiosa L. C.F.R., *597- 1861. Phytologist, 237. Rougholme. C J. Ashfieid. 1874* J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Roosebeck. 1885. Baker's Flora, 13 2 - Miss Hodgson and Ashfieid repeated. Grange. W. Foggitt. Rev. W. Marsdea Hind, b. 1815, d. 1894. Obit, notice in J. of Botany, Nov. 1894, 352. Natural^ PETTY : CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. 347 Cichorium Intybus L. C.F.R., 1538. 1843. Jopling, Furness and Cartmell, 266. Frequent in the borders of fields. Aiton and W. Wilson. 1869. Aspland's Guide. Within six miles of Grange. A. Mason. 1885. Baker's Flora, 12S. Aiton and Wilson rep. Near Rampside in Furness. Miss S. Beever. Lapsana communis L. C.F.R., 1597. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ' Common/ no locality. 1874. J- of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Picris echioides L. Hehninthia Gaertn. C.F.R., 1551* 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. Rare, to be found on Oxen Fell. 1885. Baker's Flora, 121. Linton rep. 'Confirmation wanted.' C.F.R., 1597- Crepis virens L. 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. < Common.' No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 123. Ascending to 300 yards over Coniston. Var. agrestis in cultivated fields between Hawkshead and Coniston, J. G. Baker. Crepis paludosa Moench. C.F.R., 1677* 1882. J. of B., 347. Lake Lancashire. W. F. Miller. Note. — But where? Hieracium Pilosella L. 1548 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. ( Common,' no locality. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Hieracium aurantiacum L. 1892. Naturalist, 84. Side of Coniston Lake, 1888. Alien. An escape, a few plants only. L. Petty. Hieracium pallidum Biv. 1857. Phytologist, 257. Humphrey Head, Dr. Windsor i860. Phytologist, 257. Dr. Windsor repeated. l86l, Phytologist, 260. Dr. Windsor repeated. 1873. Windsor, Flora Cravon., 45- Dr. Windsor repeated. 1874. J. of B., 370. The record of Dr. Windsor mentioned, but apparently not seen by Rev. W. M. Hind. 1885. Baker's Flora, 125-6. Dr. Windsor repeated. Hieracium rnurorum L. in pt, Phytologist, 260. Humphrey Head. Dr. Windsor. Hieracium caesium Fr. 1629 i860. Phytologist, 257. Humphrey Head. Dr. Windsor. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. Humphrey Head. Rev. W. \L Hind. Hieracium vulgatum Fr. H. sylvaiicum Sm. ? 1666. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1882. J. of B.. 347- 'Lake Lancashire/ W. F. Miller. 1885. Bakers Flora, 125. * The Hieraia with dates not accompanied by * C. 1 possible from Clarke's resume in J. of B. ? 1893, p. 277 1896. 34-8 PETTY I CONSTITUENTS OF NORTH LANCASHIRE FLORA. On the red sandstone walls of Furness Abbey (J.G.B. ?) and var. metadata (Auct.) to the high slate crags of Coniston Old Man, 600 yards. A variety with several stem leaves approaching H. tridentatiim grows on the east side of Windermere, below Gummers How (J.G.B. ?). Hieracium umbellatum L. 1597 1885. Baker's Flora, 128. Near Rampside. Prof. Oliver. Specimen seen by Mr. Baker. Hieracium crocatum Fr. 1885. Baker's Flora, 127. River bank, Tongue How, Seath- "waite, Duddon Valley. Rev. A. Ley. Specimen seen by Mr. Baker. Hieracium boreale Fr, T634. 1874. J. of B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. 1885. Baker's Flora, 128, Abundant in the railway-cutting south of Ulverston station. J. G. Baker. Hypochaeris radicata L. C.F.R., 1597- 1864. Linton, Lake Country, 324. * Common/ no locality. 1874. J- °f B., Miss E. Hodgson. No locality. Hypochaeris maculata L. C.F.R., 1633. 1796. Withering, ed. iii., 691. On Humphrey Head, by Cartmei Wells, very plentifully. I. Hall, and repeated in all succeeding editions. 1800. Smith, Fl. Brit., vol. 2, 840. 1805. Turner and Dillwyn, Bot. Guide, II., 371. 1829. Smith, Eng. Fl., ed. ii., vol- 3/375. 1835. Watson, New B. G., L, 301, but ascribed to * B. G.' 1842. Wordsworth Scenery, 27. 1856. Phytologist, 353. Dr. Windsor, in his article on * Plants of Settle/ says : — ; I believe I have seen it ... at Humphrey Head, plentifully/ l857* Phytologist, 74. ' In the year 1804 or 1805 I saw it growing plentifully at Humphrey Head, but in places too inaccessible to be reached.' 1857. Phytologist, 257. Given as seen by Dr. Windsor, at Humphrey Head, in that year. 1858. Irvine. Handb. Brit. PL, 534. Dr. Windsor repeated, i860. Phytologist, 257. Dr. Windsor repeated. 1861. Phytologist, 238. C. J. Ashfield says he could not find it at Humphrey Head. 1861. Phytologist, 260. * A specimen seen in flower' by Dr. Windsor. 1866. Eng. Bot., ed. hi., vol. 5, 130, locality repeated. 1874. J. of B., 370, Humphrey Head. Rev. W. M. Hind. 1 885. J. of B. t 330. ■ Still to be found at Humphrey Head in 1885. W. R. Nash/ 1S92. Haviland, Distrib. Disease, 377. No locality. Leontodon hirtus L. C.F.R., 1690. 57. Phytologist, 257, as Thrincia hirta Roth. Humphrey Head Dr. Windsor. 1885. Baker's Flora, 121. Dr. Windsor repeated. Naturalist, 349 THE LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION BOULDER COMMITTEE. REV. W. TUCKWELL, Secretary of the Committee; IVattham Rectory, Great Grimsby Early in this year a Committee was appointed by the Lincolnshire Naturalists 7 Union for the purpose of recording all the facts they can collect about the erratics left by the great ice-sheet that once overspread the county. It consists of the following members : — F. M. Burton, F.G.S. ; J. H. Cooke, B.Sc, F.G.S. ; H. Preston, F.G.S. ; A. W. Rowe, F.G.S. ; Percy R Kendall, F.G.S. ; E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, F.G.S. ; with the writer acting as Secretary. A circular was sent out, and over 200 boulders are now recorded. Many of these remain unvisited yet, but it seems time to send out a first report, the others remaining over for our next. For the Barton and South Ferriby records we have to thank an admirable observer, Mr. T. Sheppard, of Hull. The notes on the Louth rocks, which I visited with him and with Professor Kendall are also from his pen. Please observe (1) the boulder of Augite syenite (or possibly Elasolite syenite) at Thorpe Hall. It is the largest yet recorded, though we think we are on the scent of a bigger specimen. Captain Tennyson is kind enough to promise, as I understand, that he will protect it. (2) Three blocks of Shap-granite, not previously found south of the Humber. Waltham.— By Schoolhouse. No. 1. Basalt (Whin Sill) strongly ice-marked, 3 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. x 1 ft. 6 in. Waltham.— Mr. G. White's gate. No. 2. Basalt, 1 ft. 8 in. x r ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 11 in. Louthl— Printer's Yard. No. 3. Blue stone, 32 in. in height, 145 in. in girth. Basalt. Louth. — Near Bridge. No. 4. Light red granite, 2 ft. x i| ft. x 1 ft. 5. Basalt, 2 ft. x t| ft. x i| ft. Louth. — Chalkpit north of Church. I-arge heap of boulders^ average 9 in. diameter. No. 6. Rhomb porphyry, 8 in. x 6 in. x 5 in., scratched. 7. Augite syenite, 6 in. x 4 in. x 3 in. 8. Lamprophyre, 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft 4 in. 9. Diorite. 1 ft. 4 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. x 11 in. 10. Gneiss. Nov. 1896. 35° TUCKWELL : LINCOLNSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. No. ii. Pink granite. 12. White granite (several). 13. Quartz porphyry. 14. Carboniferous limestone (glaciated). 15. Lias. Louth. — Brickyard on road to Elkington. Boulders and pebbles in heaps. No. 16. Rhomb porphyry. 1 7. Fredericksvaarn porphyrite. 18. Augite syenite. 19. Halleflinte. 20. Mica Schist. 21. Schist 22. Black flint. 23. Green-coated flint. 24. Porphyrite. 25. Fine-grained white granite. 26. Quartz porphyry. 27. Diorite. 28. Basalt (scratched). 29. Vesicular lava. 30. Conglomerate (with pebbles of quartz porphyry). 31. Millstone grit. 32. Carboniferous limestone (scratched). 33. Carboniferous sandstone (gannister). 34. Ironstone. Liassic? 35. Septarian nodule. Kimmeridge clay. Louth. — Gate of Thorp Hall, close to Louth, on Lincoln Road. No. 36. Augite syenite (scratched), 2 ft. x 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 (u 5 in. 37. Basalt, 1 ft. 10 in. x 1 ft. x 1 ft. 10 in. Louth. — Road-side near the town. No. 38. Canister (carboniferous sandstone), 1 ft. 7 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft 1 in. Louth.— Stream-side of Hubbards Valley. No. 38. Secondary Sandstone, 4 ft. 1 in. x 2 ft. 7 in. x 1 ft. 9 in. Louth.— Ingram's Chalk Pit No. 39. Basalt, 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. x 2 ft. Louth.— Mr. Cheetham s lawn, Eastgate No. 40. Red granite taken from railway cutting, 2 ft. x 1 ft 6 in. x i ft. Natural TUCKWELL : LINCOLNSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 35 1 Louth.— Cemetery. No. 41. Red foliated granite, 2 ft. x — ? Hallington.— Rifle Range. No. 42. Ditch in hollow of hill, 6 ft. deep, filled with pebbles of sandstone and granite. Benniworth.— Near carpenter's shop. No. 43. Augite syenite, roundish, 3 ft in diameter. Benniworth.— By farmyard gate. No. 44. Secondary sandstone, flattened sphere, 1 ft. 6 in. diameter, 1 ft. deep. South Elkington. - Near old pinfold. No. 45. Bluish granite, 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 8 in. x 7 ft. South Ferriby.— From boulder clay cliff. No. 46. Small boulder, Rhomb porphyry. 47. Small boulder, Rhomb porphyry. 48. One small boulder, Quartz porphyry. 49- One Basalt, 4 in. x 5 in. x 4 in. 50. One Basalt, 18 in. x 12 in. x 14 in. (depth of 12 ft. under surface close to jetty). 51. One Basalt, 12 in. x 13 in. (depth of 14 ft. close to house on cliffs). 52. Carboniferous limestone, 10 in. x 3 in. x 8 in. (ice scratched). 53. Black flint, 8 in. x 6 in. (depth of 14 ft. by house on cliffs). 54. One pebble of Shap granite (depth of 18 ft.). South Ferriby. — Side of horse-pond. No. 55. Basalt, 3 ft. x 2 ft. x 2 ft., subangular. 56. Basalt, 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. x 8 in., well rounded. 57. Gneiss, 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft., rounded. 58. Schist? 2 ft. x 2 ft. x 1 ft. 8 in. South Ferriby.— H umber Bank, in front of Hall. No, 59. Red granite, in large quantity, averaging 1 ft. in diameter. waging diameter. 61. Basalt, in large quantity, averaging 1 ft. in diameter. 62. Sandstone, etc., in large quantity, averaging 1 ft. in diameter. South Ferriby.— Corner of lane opposite Mount Pleasant No. 63. Carboniferous limestone with encrinite stems, 2 ft. x ■ 1 ft. 3 in. x 6 in. 64. Sandstone, 1 ft. x i 1 in. Nov. 1896. 352 TUCKWELL : LINXOLNSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. South Ferriby.— Mr. Havercroft's stackyard. No. 65. Basalt, 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. x 10 in. 66. Basalt, 1 ft. x 10 in. x 8 in. 67. Basalt, with small white amygdules, 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 68. Secondary sandstone, 2 ft. x 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. 69. Secondary sandstone, with small flakes of white mica, 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 70. Porphyrite, weathered, 1 ft. x 10 in. x 10 in. 71. Primary sandstone, 1 ft. x 1 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 72. Red Granite, 6 in. x 7 in. x 5 in. South Ferriby. — Mr. Havercroft's farmyard. 73. Soft limestone (Oolitic?), 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. x 8 in. 74. Soft limestone (Oolitic?), 1 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 1 in. x 10 in. 75. Basalt, 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. 76. Basalt, 10 in. x 10 in. x 8 in. 77. Basalt (green), 1 ft. x 4 in. x 6 in. 78. Basalt (coarse-grained), 1 ft. x 8 in. x 6 in. 79. Carboniferous sandstone (ganister, with rootlets), 1 ft. x 8 in. x 6 in. M 81. Porphyrite, 1 ft. 2 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. Barton.— Mr. Milsom's mill. No. 82. Shap granite, 2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. x r ft. Barton. — Finger-post, corner of South Ferriby r No. 83. Granite (?), 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft 3 in. x 10 in., rounded. Barton. — Lamp-post outside Barton Station. No. 84. Basalt, subangular, 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. x 1 ft. 3 in. rounded, 1 ft 2 in. x 1 ft. H No. 86. Basalt, rounded, 1 ft x 10 in. Stewton. — Conspicuous in a field. No. 87. Basalt, 3 ft. x 1 ft. 7 in. Ludborough. — Mr. Marshall's farmyard. No. 88. Basalt, 3 ft. x 1 ft. 2 in. Brigg-.— Howsham, taken out of Boulder Clay. No. 89. Spilsby sandstone, 2 ft. 9 in. x 1 ft. 9 in. x 2 ft. Irby.— In Rectory garden. No. 90. Shap granite. Found built into a Saxon tenth century wall, hollowed into quern-like depressions on three side the fourth side rough, 1 ft. x 1 ft. x 1 ft. 6 in. 91. Secondary sandstone, triangular, 2 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. Natural TUCKWELL : LINCOLNSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 353 No. 92. Several sandstone blocks from the same old wall, mostly squared for building. 93. Basalt, 1 ft. 5 in. x i ft. 4 in. x 7 in. Irby.— Roadside opposite Rectory gate. No. 94. Dolerite (?), 3 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 10 in. x 10 in. Irby.— Road-side by school room. No. 95. Basalt (Wesley supposed to have preached from it). 2 ft. 1 1 in. x 1 ft. 7 in. x 1 ft. 6 in. Irby,— Corner of road beyond schoolroom. No. 96. Red granite, 1 ft. 9 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. x 11 in. 97- Secondary sandstone, 2 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 6 in. Brocklesby.— Few yards from station. No. 98. Primary sandstone, 2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. x 1 ft. Brocklesby.— Chalk quarry close by station. No. 99. Basalt, small, ice-scratched. Brocklesby.— Gate-post two fields off towards Croxton gravel-pits. No. 100. Quartz, 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. Ulceby. — Chase farmyard. No. ioj. Basalt, green, one side fiat and beautifully striated, 2 ft. x 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. Kirmington. — Boulder clay above brickworks gravel* pit. No. 102. Rhomb porphyry, small, depth of three feet. NOTES AND NEWS. The September number of * Knowledge,' which has been sent us for reviev consists mostly of articles beyond our sphere of action, including a special one by Mr. E. \Y. Maunder on the Eclipse of the Sun. There is a full-page photo plate of a nesting colony of Sooty Albatrosses at Laysan, and at p. 21 1 the Rev. Samuel Barber gives ■ Some notes on Spiders " in Cumberland and elsewhere. We have received the Report and Proceedings of the Manchester Field Naturalists' and Archaeologists' Society for 1895, which is edited by Leo H. Grindon. It is a bulky part of over a hundred pages devoted to picturesquely written accounts of the rambles and lectures. It seems a pity that so strong and prosperous a Society should not turn its attention to definite and systematic work within a restricted field of operations. We have before us the 25th Annual Report of the Sheffield Naturalists' Club, for 1895. It is mostly devoted to abstracts of the papers read, and very brief accounts of the Excursions, but a page is given to a Second List of the Floi of Sheffield District, and two pages to Mr. E. Ho wart fa's summary of Sheffield Meteorology for 1895. The balance sheet and lists of members and officers complete the report, which shows the Club to be in a flourishing condition. *>*.. 1896. 354 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. NOTES— LEPIDOPTERA. Capture of Clifden Nonpareil at Scarborough.— A worn specimen of Catocala fraxini was captured in the Spa Grounds, Scarborough, on October 3rd, 1896, by Mr. H. R. E. Grey.— J. H. Rowntree, Scarborough, 18th November, 1896. Odezia atrata in Cheshire. — Within the last fortnight several specimens of this species have occurred to me at Woodley and Romiley. Mr. J. W. Ellis cites only two Cheshire localities for it— Bramhall and Knutsford — in his ■ Lepidop- terous Fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire 5 ('Naturalist,' 1887, p. 104). — Chas. Oldham, Romiley, July 5th, 1896. Acherontia atropos at Bradford. — On the early morning of Sept. 17th a specimen of the Death's Head Moth was taken in Dale Street, Bradford, right in the centre of the town. A lamplighter — Mr. Mercer — whilst going his morning round putting out the lights, found it resting at the foot of a lamp ; he succeeded in capturing and conveying it home admirably, for it is now in the most perfect condition, and is in the possession of Mr. B. Illingworth. It is a male specimen. J. W. Carter, Manningham, Bradford, October 30th, 1896. NO TE—MOLL USCA . in the Goyt Valley.— On August 17th, 1896, I found several examples of Limax ?narginatus J including a beautiful specimen of the rare variety maculata Rbk., beneath the bark of a dead crab tree on the Cheshire bank of the Goyt near Errwood Hall. From the same tree I obtained a single Limax cinereo-niger var. luctuosa and two half-grown individuals of the species, of a uniform brown colour with faint indications of the pale keel characteristic of this slug. Mr. Roebuck considers this form identical with Moquin-Tandon's var. obscura, which has not hitherto been recorded for Britain. On the Derbyshire bank of the stream near Whaley Bridge I obtained two more immature examples of the brown form of L. cinereo-niger and several L. margin at us from beneath the bark of an old oak stump. Arion subfuscus and A. intermedins occur freely on both sides of the stream. — Chas. Oldham, Romiley, Oct. 22nd, 1896. NOTES— MAMMALS. Daubenton's Bat in Derbyshire.— On the evening of August 13th I watched one of these Bats ( Vespertilio daubentonii) for some time, as it flitted to and fro, like a ghostly Sand Martin, close to the surface of the water of one of the lakes in Buxton Gardens. On the 15th the Bat was feeding at the same spot, but, although I carefully scanned the river and the other pools in the gardens, I failed to see any others. A friend tells me that when trout-fishing on the river Bradford, near Alport, in the early part of September 1895, he saw Bats, late in the evening, flying so close to the surface of the river that he thought they would have taken his fly — a habit very characteristic of Daul>enton's Bat. — Charles Oldham, Romiley, August 24th, 1S96. The Wild Boar in Furaess. — The ■ Barrow News/ October 3rd, 1 contains a report of the paper by Mr. Harper Gaythorpe, which was read before the Cumberland and "Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society at Coniston, on September 16th, entitled • Prehistoric Implements in Furness.' In this communication to the Society Mr, Gaythorpe mentions that during excavations for building at Mossfield, Roose, near Barrow, in 1872, a bronze Celt was found at 12 or 13 inches below the grass surface, and also ■ the upper tusks of two Boars, one imperfect 2j inches long, and one perfect 2 inches long, the latter evidently from a 'young animal, as at one comer it is very little worn.' These specimens I saw when exhibited at Coniston. Macpherson, in his * Fauna of Lakeland, xlix, gives no North Lancashire find of Boar tSus scrotJka ferus\ remains. Such of it If so, ctober, 1S96. Naturalist, 355 FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBY: WITH LIST OF SPECIES FOUND CHARLES CROSSLAND, Halifax; Secretary to the Yorkshire Mycological Committee. The annual Fungus Foray of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, held this year at Selby, September 19th to 22nd, was, as usual, a decided success both from a social and a scientific standpoint. The gathering of mycologists and cryptogamists in general was larger than on any previous occasion, and it was gratifying to notice the welcome presence of several Woolhopeans, who acknowledged that the Yorkshire gathering is a worthy successor to the once famous annual meeting of mycologists at Hereford under the auspices of the Woolhope Club. There were present Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., F.R.M.S., of the Royal Herbarium, Kew ; Mr. Carlton Rea, M.A., B.C.L., Worcester; Dr. Plowright, F.L.S., F.R.C.S., Kings Lynn ; Mr. T. Hey, M.C.S., Derby, and nearly all the Yorkshire workers in mycology. The announcement received at the last moment that, owing to a slight accident, the Rev. Canon Du Port, M.A., of l^ownham, would be unable to attend, was received with universal regret. The woods investigated were Stainor and Bishop's woods in Mid West Yorkshire Vice-County ; and Escrick and Blackwood in South East Yorkshire Vice-County. Time did not allow for working Osgodby Wood. The season having been exceptionally favourable to the growth of fungi, specimens were fairly abundant in suitable P^ces, and a good variety were met with. Portions of Escrick and Blackwood proved to be very good hunting grounds. Altogether from all quarters about 270 species were collected. Many not to he found every day were collected, including Trzcholovia onychinitm Fn, new to Britain, having previously been recorded from Sweden only; there were also some new county records. A somewhat rare Vscomyeete, Rhizina inflata (Schseff.) was found in Bishop's Wood, not very prolific ground in some parts of it on account of the dens* undergrowth of brambles and bracken. In other parts of this and « m the other woods a few commoner species, Lactarius glydosmus Fr. and Colly hia butyracea Bull., for instance, and some Boleti, were extremely abundant. In Escrick extraordinarily fine specimens of Otidea aurantia Mass. were met with like large deep-onm oloured flowers springing direct from the ground. Temtbia ophioglossoides Tul. ^vas found parasitic on Elaphomyces granulaius in Blackwood. On D«c 1896. 356 CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBV. each day's return the specimens collected were laid out for inspection in one of the rooms connected with the Selby Mechanics 7 Institute. The business meeting was held on Monday evening at the Londes- borough Arms, the President, the Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., Liversedge, occupying the chair. The time taken up by the necessary formal business was very brief, there being no dissentient voices to the proposal that the Chairman and Secretary of the Mycological Com- mittee retain office for another year. Mr. Harold Wager, F.L.S., Leeds, was unanimously elected a member of the committee. Votes of thanks were accorded to Lady Beaumont, Lord Wenlock, Lord Londesborough, Mr. Charles Weddall, Mr. Riley Briggs, Mr. J. Lloyd Wharton, M.P., and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the permission given to visit their estates. It was unanimoush decided to hold the next annual foray at Barnsley as a centre. Several interesting lecturettes were given and papers read on various branches of mycology. One by Mr. Wager, F.L.S., on 'The Sexuality of the Agaricineae/ was profusely illustrated by diagrams, and showed a great amount of careful investigation and original research into the coalescence and redivision of nuclei in the basidium, pre- paratory to the production of a nucleus for each spore borne by the basidium. The paper by Mr. Carleton Rea, M.A., on 'The Duration of the Sporophyte of Colly bin tuberosa and Cyathus striates,' also denoted careful original observation. The Rev. Canon Du Fort had engaged to give the details of 'A case of poisoning from eating Agaricus pantheri?ius at Charleville (Ardennes)/ but not being able to attend had written a short paper on the subject which Dr. Plowright kindly read on his behalf. Mr. Massee gave an interesting and valuable discourse on ' Some doubtful species of Agarics.' Mr. A. Clarke, of Huddersfield, exhibited a large number of charming and novel stereoscopic views of fungi. Up to the close of Monday's work the weather, always an important factor towards the success or failure of these meetings, proved to be all that could be desired. Rain, however, set in pretty sharply on Tuesday morning and put a check on further outdoor operations. The work set apart for that day was the investigation of Gambles- forth and Carleton Woods, but it had to be abandoned. One or two of the more hardy members revisited Stainor Wood and turned up a few species not seen on the Saturday. Not a little of the success of the meeting was due to the untiring energy of the local Secretary, Mr. W. N. Cheesman, Selby, who at times experienced some little difficulty in keeping his flock within hailing distance in the extensive woods traversed. A collection of fungi, including Paxillus hpista Fr., was brought by Mr. Hey from Derby. Consignments were received crossland: fungus foray at selby, 357 from the Scarborough and Malton Naturalists 7 Societies, and the names of the species sent returned to each. Mr. Clarke brought Lepiota erminea Fr. from Huddersfield. The idea of a National Mycological Union has for some years past been discussed by mycologists, and at this meeting the subject was revived, the result being the establishment of a society to be known as 'The British Mycological Society*' The officers elected were: — President, Mr. George Massee, F.L.S., F.R.M.S. ; Secretary, Mr. Carleton Rea, M.A., Worcester; Treasurer, Mr. Chas. Crossland, Halifax. The two leading ideas of the society are as follows : — (i) An annual gathering of a week's duration to be held at a new locality each year for the investigation of the mycological flora of Great Britain. (2) The publication of an annual report and resume of work — British and Continental — dealing with mycology for the current year. Sherwood Forest was suggested as a suitabh place for the first foray. About a score members were enrolled. The species collected and determined at this Selby meeting were as follow : — HYMENOMYCETES. AGARICINE.i:. * Amanita phalloides Fr. Stainor Wood; Bishop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Amanita mappa Fr. Blackwood. Amanita pantherina DC. Stainor Wood ; Escrick. Amanita muscaria L. Blackwood. Amanita rubescens Pers. Stainor Wood; Bishop's Wood; Escrick Wood : Blackwood. Amanitopsis vaginata Roze. Stainor Wood; Bishop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Lepiota procera Scop. Escrick j Bishop's Wood. iota S Vitt. Escrick. acutesqtiamosa Weim. Stainor Wood. Lepiota felina Pers. Escrick. Lepiota metulaespora B. ft Br. Blackwood. Lepiota cristata A* & S. Blackwood. Lepiota carcharia Pers. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Lepiota granulosa Batsch. Stainor Wood : Bishop's Wood - Escrick. Armillaria mellea VahL Stainor Wood : Bishop's Wood; Escrick Blackwood. «nu Dee. 1896. 35$ CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAV AT SELBV. Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. Blackwood. Tricholoma rutilans Schaeff. Escrick ; Blackwood. Tricholoma saponaceum Fr. Blackwood. Tricholoma inamcenum Fr. Blackwood. Tricholoma carneum Bull. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Tricholoma melaleucum Pers. Stainor Wood ; Escrick. Tricholoma sordidum Fr. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood. Tricholoma onychinum Fr. Escrick. Clitocybe nebularis Batsch. Stainor Wood. Clitocybe clavipes Pers. Bishop's Wood. Clitocybe candicans Pers. Escrick. Clitocybe tumulosa Kalchbr. Bishop's Wood. Clitocybe gigantea Sow. Escrick. Clitocybe infundibuliformis Schaeff. Bishop's Wood; Blackwood. Clitocybe cyathiformis Bull. Escrick. Clitocybe fragrans Sow. Escrick. Isaccaria laccata Scop. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Collybia platyphylla Fr. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Black- wood. Collybia fusipes Bull. Escrick. Collybia maculata A. &S. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Collybia butyracea Bull. Stainor Wood; Bishop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Collybia velutipes Fr. Escrick. -■ Collybia confluens Pers. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Collybia tuberosa Bull. Blackwood. Collybia dryophila Bull. Bishop's Wood ; Blackwood. Collybia ambusta Fr. Blackwood. Mycena epipterygia Scop. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Mycena galopoda Fr. Stainor Wood; Bishops Wood; E crick. Mycena sanguinolenta A. & S. Bishop's Wood. Mycena acicula Schaeff. Escrick. Mycena ammoniaca Fr. Skipwith. Mycena galericulata Scop. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Mycena poiygramma Bull. Mycena pura Pers. Nature ^t* CROSS LAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBY. 359 Omphalia umbellifera L. Escrick. Omphalia fibula Bull. Bishop's Wood. Volvaria gloiocephala Dec. Fl. Escrick. Pluteus cervinus Schaeff. StainorWood; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Entoloma sinuatum Fr. Blackwood. Entoloma jubatum Fr. Blackwood. Entoloma sericellum Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Entoloma clypeatum L. Escrick. Entoloma rhodopolium Fr. Blackwood. Entoloma costattim Fr. Blackwood. Entoloma sericeum Fr. Escrick; Blackwood. Clitopilus orcella Bull. Escrick. Leptonia placida Fr. Blackwood. Leptonia lampropoda Fr. Escrick. Nolanea pascua Pers. Escrick. Nolanea pisciodora Cesati. Escrick. Claudopus variabilis Pers. Escrick. Pholiota aurea Matt. Escrick. Pholiota dura Bolt. Escrick. Pholiota comosa Fr. Selby (wood-yard). Pholiota squarrosa Mull. Escrick. Pholiota dissimulans B.&Br. Bishop's Wood. Pholiota mutabilis Sdaeff Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood Inocybe pyriodora Pers. Blackwood. Inocybe rimosa Bull. Escrick. Inocybe asterospora Quel. Escrick. Inocybe geophylla Fr. Blackwood. Hebeloma glutinosum Lindgr. Blackwood. Hebeloma elatum Fr. Blackwood. Flammula gummosa Lasch. Blackwood. Flammula carbonaria Fr. Escrick. Flammula sapinea Fr. Escrick. Flammula picrea Fr. Blackwood. Galera tener Schaff. Bishops Wood ; Escrick. Galera ovaiis Fr. Bishop's Wood. lera hypnorum aricus campest Batsch. Bishop's Wood. Agaricus campestris var. sylvico Dec, 1896. 360 CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBY. Agaricus campestris var pratensis. Stropharia aeruginosa Curt. Escrick; Blackwood. Stropharia squamosa Fr. Blackwood. Stropharia semiglobata Batsch. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood ; Skipwith. Hypholoma sublateritium Schaeff. Bishop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Hypholoma epixanthus Fr. Escrick. Hypholoma eleodes Fr. Escrick. Hypholoma fasciculare Huds. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick; Blackwood. Hypholoma velutinum Pers. Escrick; Skipwith. Hypholoma candolleanus Fr. Escrick. Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. Escrick. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Bishop's Wood; Escrick. Psilocybe spadicea Fr. Escrick. Psilocybe fcenisecii Pers. Escrick. Anellaria separata Karst. Escrick. Anellaria fimiputris Karst. Escrick. Panaeolus campanulatus L. Escrick. Psathyrella atomata Fr. Bishop's Wood. Psathyrella disseminata Pers. Escrick. Coprinus comatus Fr. Bishop's Wood; Selby. Coprinus atramentarius. Bishop's Wood; Escrick. Coprinus niveus Fr. Bishop's Wood. Coprinus micaceus Fr. Escrick ; Blackwood. Coprinus lagopus Fr. Escrick. Coprinus radiatus Fr. Escrick. Coprinus ephemerus Fr. Blackwood. Coprinus plicatilis Fr. Blackwood; Stainor Wood. Coprinus hemerobius Fr. Escrick. Cortinarius (Telamonia) torvus Fr. Escrick. Cortinarius (Telamonia) impennis Fr. Blackwood. Cortinarius (Telamonia) armillatus Fr. Blackwood. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hinnuleus Fr. Escrick. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hemitrichus Fr. Blackwood. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) ochroleucus Fr. Escrick. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomeus Fr. Blackwood. Xaturrw CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBY. 36 1 Gomphidius glutinosus Fr. Stainor Wood. Gomphidius roseus Fr. Skipwith. Gomphidius gracilis Berk. Bishop's Wood. Paxillus giganteus Fr. Escrick. Paxillus orcelloides Cke.&Mass. Escrick. Paxillus involutus Fr. Bishop's Wood: Escrick; Blackwood; Hambleton. Paxillus panuoides Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) miniatus Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) puniceus Fr Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) conicus Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) chlorophanus Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) psittacinus Schaeff. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) unguinosus Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Camarophyllus) nemoreus Fr. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Camarophyllus) pratensis Fr. Escrick ; Skipwith. Hygrophorus (Camarophyllus) virgineus Wulf. Escrick. Hygrophorus (Camarophyllus) niveus Fr. Escrick. Lactarius (Piperates) torminosus Schaeff. Blackwood. Lactarius (Piperates) turpis Fr. Bishop's Wood j Escrick ; Blackwood. * Lactarius (Piperates) insulsus Fr. Escrick. Lactarius (Piperates) blennius Fr. Escrick. Lactarius (Piperates) trivialis Fr. Bishop's Wood. Lactarius (Piperates) circellatus Fr. Blackwood. Lactarius (Piperates) chrysorrheus Fr. Blackwood. Lactarius (Piperates) veilereus Fr. Bishops Wood. Lactarius (Dapetes) deliciosus Fr. Blackwood. Lactarius {Russulares) quietus Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Stainor Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Lactarius (Russulares) rufus Scop. Bishop's Wood. Lactarius (Russulares) glyciosmus Fr. Bishop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. imus Fr. Blackwood Lactarius (Russulares) subdulcis Fr. Bishops Wood ; Black- ood Russula integra Fr. Bishop's Wood. Russula nigricans Fr. B hop's Wood; Escrick; Blackwood. Dec. 1896. 362 CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBV. Russula adusta Fr. Escrick. Russula delica Fr. Escrick. Russula virescens Fr. Escrick. Russula xerampelina Fr. Escrick. Russula vesca Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Russula depallens Fr. Blackwood. Russula cyanoxantha Schceff. Escrick; Blackwood. Russula fellea Fr. Blackwood. Russula rubra Fr. Blackwood. Russula drimeia Cooke. Blackwood. Russula ochroleuca Fr. Stainor Wood ; Bishop s Wood ; Escrick; Blackwood. Russula consobrina Fr. Escrick. Russula sardonia Fr. Escrick. Russula emetica Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Russula fragilis Fr. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Russula queletii Fr. var. purpurea Gill. Escrick. Cantharellus aurantiacus Fr. Bishops Wood. Maras Escrick ; Blackwood. Marasmius oreades Fr. Escrick ; Skipwith ; Selby. Marasmius ramealis Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Marasmius androsaceus Fr. ' Bishop's Wood ; Blackwood. Marasmius epiphyllus Fr. Bishop's Wood. Lentinus cochleatus Fr. Bishop's Wood. Panus conchatus Fr. Escrick. POLVPOREI Boletus chrysenteron Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood oletus elegans Schum. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Boletus flavus Witt Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Boletus subtomentosus L. Stainor Wood : Bishop's Wood : Escrick ; Blackwood. Boletus spadiceus Schceff; Escrick. Boletus variegatus Swartz. Blackwood. Boletus badius L. Bishop's Wood j Escrick ; Blackwood. Boletus bovinus L. Blackwood. Boletus edulis Bull. Escrick; Blackwood. Boletus luridus Schasff. Blackwood. * aturai CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBV. 36 1 Boletus felleus Bull. Escrick. Boletus scaber Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Blackwood. Boletus versipellis Fr. Blackwood. Fistulina hepatica Fr. Blackwood ; Escrick. Polyporus brumalis Fr. Escrick. Polyporus squamosus Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Stainor Wood ; Escrick. Polyporus intybaceus Fr. Escrick. Polyporus destructor Fr. Escrick. Fomes annosus Fr. Blackwood. Polystictus versicolor Fr. Stainor Wood; Bishop's Wood: Escrick ; Blackwood. Polystictus radiatus Fr. Poria vaporaria Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Poria blepharistoma B. &: Br. Dsedalea quercina Pers. Escrick. HYDNEI. Hydnum repandum L. Blackwood. Radulum orbiculare Fr. Escrick. THELEPHORE.E. Thelephora laciniata Pers. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Stereum purpureum Pers. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Stereum hirsutum Fr. Escrick ; Blackwood. Stereum rugosum Fr. Blackwood. CLA VARIED. Clavaria cinerea Bull. Bishop's Wood : Escrick; Blackwood. Clavaria cristata Holmsk. Bishop's Wood. Clavaria rugosa Bull. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Clavaria formosa Pers. Escrick. Clavaria insequalis FL Dan. I crick. Clavaria vermicularis Scop. Escrick. Typhula erythropus Fr. Bishop's Wood. TREMELLIXE.K Calocera viscosa Fr. Bishop's Wood : Escrick; Blackwoud. Calocera cornea Fr. Blackwood. Dacryomyces deliquescens Duhy. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Hirneola auricula-judas Berk. Escrick. Dec. 1896, 364 CROSSLAND : FUNGUS FORAY AT SELBY. GASTROMYCETES. Scleroderma vulgare Fr. Bishop's Wood; Escrick. Cyathus striatus Hofifm. Escrick. Cyathus vernicosus DC. Bishop's Wood, Crucibulum vulgare Tul. Escrick. Sphasrobolus stellatus Tode. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Lycoperdon saccatum Vahl. Escrick. Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Lycoperdon pyriforme Schseff. Bishop's Wood. Ithyphallus impudicus (L.) Fischer. Bishop's Wood; Escrick. Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. Bishop's Wood. UREDINE^. Puccinia menthae Pers. Bishop's Wood. Puccinia violae (Schum.). Bishop's Wood. Puccinia primulae (DC). Bishop's Wood. DISCOMYCETES. Leotia acicularis Pers. Escrick. Helvetia crispa Fr Escrick. Helvella lacunosa Afz. Bishop's Wood \ Escrick. Rhizina inflata (Schaeff.). Bishop's Wood. Otidea aurantia Mass. Stain or Wood; Bishop's Wood; Escrick. Humaria melaloma Mass. On charcoal, Stainor Wood. Hurnaria granulata (Fekl.). Escrick. Lachnea hemispherica (Wigg.). Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick. Ciboria ochroleuca (Bolton) Mass. Stainor Wood. Helotium scutula (Pers.). Stainor Wood. Heiotium cyathoideum (Bull). Bishop's Wood. Ascobolus furfuraceus Pers. Escrick. Bulgaria polymorpha. Escrick. Rhytisma acerinum Fr. Bishops Wood. Phacidium multivalve Kze & Schmidt, Mycol. Heft r., p. 4 2 - PYRENOMYCETES. Torrubia ophioglossoides Tul. On Elaphomyces granidaius, Blackwood. Hypocrea rufa Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Blackwood. Naturalist, NOTES — ORNITHOLOGY. 365 Nectria cinnabarina Fr. Bishop's Wood ; Escrick ; Stainor Wood. Xylaria hypoxylon Grev. Stainor Wood ; Bishop's Wood ; Escrick; also sent by Mr. James Carter from near Masham, N.W. Yorks. Sphaeria pulvis-pyrius Pers. Bishop's Wood. TUBERACEiE. Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. Blackwood. PHYCOMYCES. Pilobolus crystallinus Tode. Escrick. Pilobolus roridus Pers. Escrick. Spinellus fusiger Van Teigh. On pileus of Myccna, Escrick. Sporodinia aspergillus Schrot. Phytophthora infestans De Bary. Selby and other places. HYPHOMYCTES. Sepedonium chrysospermum Fr. Heterosporium epimyces Cke. & Mass. Isaria farinosa Fr. MYXOGASTRES. Stemonitis friesiana De Bary. Escrick. Arcyria punicea Rost. Escrick. Arcyria cinerea Mass. Escrick. Didymium squarnulosum Fr. Bishop's Wood Tilmadoche nutans Rost. Escrick. Leocarpus fragilis Rost. Escrick. - ■ NOTES— ORNITHOLOGY. Migration of the Ring-ouzel.— On September 24th, 1896, one of this species {Tardus torquatus), a fine mature male, which by some mishap had struck against the telegraph wires, and fell upon the highway dead, was picked up and brought to me to be named, it being the first on record in the village of Lofthouse.— John Ward, Pymont House, Lofthouse, Wakefield, Nov. 14th, 1896. Flamborough Bird-Notes.— In the latter part of October, Mr. H. Bailey, one of the fog signalmen, informed me that to his surprise, so late in the season, he saw a flight of Swallows iHirundo rustica) flying near to the *og Signal Station at Flamborough Head. In the early part of November we experienced very rou^h weather, which brought several birds from the far North. Several Little Auks (Mergtdw alie) and Stormy Petrels {Thalassidroma f*lag*m) were seen on the coast. Enormous quantities of Snow Buntings {PUdropkams mva ) arrived on the Headland. I had also brought in a very fine, large Glaucous Guli (Lan jlauats).— Matthew Bailey, Flamborough, Nov. 19th, 1896. - Bee. i8gd 3 66 4< NATURAL HISTORY OF UPPER TEESDALE. Upper Teesdale, | Past and Present : ( A Handy Reference Book, | with Eight Illustrations and a Map. | By | James Backhouse, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.H.S., | Member of the British Ornithologists' Union, &c. ; I Hon. Curator of Zoology to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society ; \ Author of A Handbook of European Birds." | London : [ Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd. | Barnard Castle: | W. R. Atkinson, Market Place. | 1896. [8vo, paper boards, pp. vi. +89; preface dated May 1896: Price is.]. The work now lying before us is the production of one who unites to a close and intimate personal familiarity with the district a kind of hereditary knowledge of it. For the Backhouses, son and father and grandfather alike, have all been so associated with the very name of Teesdale as to make it almost seem their own. To them we owe the first discovery of many of those rare flowers which make Upper Teesdale unique among valleys in the North of England, a Mecca for the botanical pilgrim. To the Backhouses also — and particularly to the author of the present book — we owe what we know of the Vertebrate fauna, and it is by their assiduity and knowledge that the caves in the district have been investigated. It is therefore with peculiar pleasure that we turn to the book now before us, and that we note the prominent position which scientific matters take in it, occupying as they do five chapters out of the nine. The first four chapters are topographical and descriptive, the first being general, the second treating of Barnard Castle and Bowes and the Tees Valley line, the third describing Winch Bridge, High Force, Micklefell, etc., and the fourth taking us to the very dale- head and introducing us to Langdon Beck, Cauldron Snout, Highcup, Harwood, Yad Moss, Cross Fell, and Alston. The remarkably interesting Geology and Palaeontology of the district are treated of in the fifth chapter, including the Teesdale Cave and the human skull found therein. Chapter six is archaeological, and discusses early historical remains, coins, etc. Chapter seven deals with 4 Teesdale Forest,' defining its one-time limit, etc. The eighth chapter gives a brief— too brief— discussion of the Teesdale Flora and its striking peculiarities, while the ninth chapter is a much fuller account of the Avifauna of Upper Teesdale, giving a complete list (with interesting and valuable annotations) of the birds which inhabit the district. The concluding pages are devoted to practical information as to railway access to the district, and an index. A lithographic view of the High Force makes a striking and effective cover-design, and the book, London-printed, is neatly gotup. Naturalist, 367 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT GREAT COTES. Rev. E. ADRIAN WOODRUF FE-PK ACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar of Cadney\ Organising and Botanical Secretary, Lincehishire Naturalists Union; Curator of t fie Lincolnshire County Herbarium, At the invitation of Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., who was the first president of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, a large number of its members mustered for their twelth field meeting at Great Cotes, in Division 4, on Tuesday, September 8th. Among the visitors were Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., of Gainsborough ; Rev. W. Tuck- well, of Waltham; Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., of Liversedgej Rev. A. Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., of Leverton ; Mr. J. H. Cooke, B.Sc., F.L.S., F.G.S., Mr. A. Fieldsend, Mr. J. S. Sneath, and Mr. G. A. Grierson, F.L.S., of Lincoln ; Mr. B. Crow, Mr. T. Gelsthorp, and Mr. J. Mawer, of Louth; Miss Lane-Claypon, of Tytton Hall; Rev. C. Wilkinson, of Toft Newton ; Rev. Canon Staffurth, of Frieston; Rev. W. Wyatt, of Broughton : Mr. J. O. Nicholson, of Staniwells ; Mr. J. Jarvis Rainey, of Spilsby : Mr. C. L. Hett, of B «gg J Mr. S. Pegler, of Retford ; Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall ; Rev. C. A. Alington, of Swinhope ; Rev. J. P. Young, Mr. G. Parker and Mr. S. J. North, of Grimsby ; Rev. W. H. Daubney, of Leasingham ; Rev. J. E. Wallis-Loft, of Swallow ; Rev. J. S. H. McSwiney, of Barnoldby-le-Beck ; and the Secretaries, the Rev. E. Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock, F.L.S., F.G.S., of Cadney, and Mr. R. W. Goulding, of Louth. For once, during a month of rain, the weather was fine, though dull, the whole day, and the members enjoyed their exploration thoroughly. With the object of investigating a large area of ground two parties were formed — one which, under the guidance of Mr. Peacock, went by the old Fleet drain to the Humber Bank; the other was led by Mr. Cordeaux, and proceeded mostly by the side of the stream, called the Freshney, which runs into Grimsby Docks, through Great Cotes, Little Cotes and Aylesby, chiefly over pastures and boggy ground. Botany was the branch of science with which both parties chiefly concerned themselves, but the experts in each branch of Natural History gave close attention to all things in their path which appertained to their particular work. Owing chiefly to the lateness of the season, and the limited time allowed for research, the day was not as fruitful in * finds 5 worthy of record as might have been expected, but the rambles were abundantly interesting ^oth from the scientists' and pleasure-seekers' point of view. The 368 WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : NATURALISTS AT GREAT COTES. party under the guidance of Mr. Cordeaux took by far the pleasanter route. True, as before mentioned, some of the ground was boggy, and needed careful stepping, but so slight a suggestion of difficulty served only to spice the outing. The specimens collected were numerous, but none were very uncommon, and it was difficult or impossible to surprise the host, Mr. Cordeaux, with a find of any kind, so thoroughly familiar is he with the flora and fauna of the district and the county. His party wandered on in straggling groups round the Freshney over the Great Cotes road to the plantations beyond, where the blow-wells came in for a large share of attention. There are many examples in the district traversed, and Mr. Cordeaux explained that the blow-hole in the centre of each is often from 60 to 70 feet deep ; the water, which comes up from the chalk, maintains an even temperature and never freezes. Two Herons were seen fishing in the stream, and one kindly disposed gentleman seemed quite to regret the fact that they were disturbed by the approach of the party. Mr. Cordeaux pointed out several spots which he said were resorts of Wild Ducks and Snipe in winter, and also a willow plantation which he described as a familiar haunt of the Reed-warbler, the Sedge-warbler and the Grass hopper- warbler. Not far away from this place were two Sweet-scented Willow-trees (Salix pentandra), the leaves of which when rubbed have an aromatic smell ; and he also indicated a part of the stream in which he had found bones of the wolf, the wild deer, the red deer, and of several other species. Of plants the perforated St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), Water Plantain {Alts ma plantago) and Mare's-tail (Hippuris vulgaris), were abundant ; and in the bogs the following were found : — Hemp Agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum) ; Musk Mallow (Malva mosckata), the flowers of which were uncommonly pale; Leontodon autumnalis) Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris), a very elegant plant and a good record \ Buckbean (Menyanthes trijoliata), leaves only; Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) ; Marsh Ragwort (Senerio aquatiais) ; Yellow Loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris) ; Marsh Red Rattle (Pedicularis palustris), leaves only ; and Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus), fruit only. It is said that the roasted seeds of the last-named may be used as a substitute for coffee. On the walls of Great Cotes Church were Parietaria officinalis and Asplenium mta-muraria. Full lists of plants observed were received from Messrs. J. S. Sneath and G. A. Grierson. \mong the first finds were some typical and commonly distributed species of fungi, such as Stropharia semiglobata and S. mruginosa. The latter has a bluish or greenish slime on its cap, but as this slime is liable to be washed off by rain Naturally WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : NATURALISTS AT GREAT COTES. 369 4 i& psittacinits), so called because its tints are generally bright, combining parrot-like and very variable hues; when young it generally has a green tinge, and it is always green just at the top of the stem. _ >nus was H. cocci neus, of a beautiful red colour. Then growing in a tuft on a stump, was Armillaria mellea, which is honey-coloured and is said to be much eaten on the continent. The other fungi included Bolbitius tener^ which is very fragile, Tremella mesenterial (a gelatinous little fungus of a bright orange colour, growing on ash), Clavaria vermiculata, which grows in clusters, Panceolus papilionaceus, Coprinus atramentariiis, which when fully expanded melts away like inky drops, Hypholoma appendiculatus, and Marasmius oreades. The last-named is the little Champignon which is so familiar from its eccentric habit of growing in so-called fairy-rings. Mr Mr found that extensive preparations had been made for a suitable termination of the day's proceedings. The barn, which was decorated with banners, the greeting 'Welcome to the Lincoln- shire Naturalists' Union' being conspicuous on the wall, had the appearance of a dining-hall, and a most excellent one it made. The very choice repast provided by Mr. and Mrs. Cordeaux was much appreciated by every one. After tea the usual business meeting was held, when various sectional officers detailed the day's proceedings. Mr. F. M. Burton (Vice-President) presided, and expressed the regret felt at the absence of the President (Canon Fowler), who was taking a much- needed holiday from scholastic duties in the Lake district Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, M.B.O.U., reported on Vertebrate Zoolc v. Birds had been scarce, but his list included the Kingfisher, Curie**, Rook, Carrion Crow, Magpie, Kestrel, Chaffinch, Yellow-hammer, Swallow, Wood Pigeon, Common, Great Black-backed, and Lesser Black-backed Gulls. He concluded by referring to a Beaked Whale {Hyperoodon rostratus) which came up on the coast near Frieston a (q\v weeks ago. The Rev. A. Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., reported that Entomologists were very poorly represented, those present electing to follow the party led by Mr. Cordeaux. The district traversed had the appearance of being an extremely good collecting ground; but owing to the lateness of the season, and the very wet weather which previously, and *>ec. 1896. ■ 37° WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : NATURALISTS AT GREAT COTES. distance had to be quickly traversed in order to get back in time not much of interest was obtained. A few blue butterflies {Lyccena icarus), Small Coppers (Chrysophanus phlceas), and whites (Pieris) were observed, and the Rev. Mr. Wilkinson obtained a caterpillar of Cerura furciila (the Small Kitten moth), and one or two undetermined larvse. On Angelica, Diptera were common, and subjoined is a small list of those observed. The Coleoptera were chiefly collected by Mr. Stephen Pegler of Retford, and Mr. Thornley. An interesting and pretty capture w r as that of Chrysomela didymata on Hypericum perforatum, the species being, it is believed, unusual on this plant, which is usually taken possession of by its neighbour Chrysomela hypericin This plant is, apparently, a favourite one with the genus Chrysomela, as C staphylea was found also upon it. Appended are the lists of Diptera and Coleoptera : — Diptera. Eristalis tenax. Eristalis pertinax. Eristalis arbustorum. Catabomba pyrastri. Syrphus ribesii. Syrphus balteatus. Syrphus luniger. Syrphus corollse. Melanostoma sp. Helophilus pendulus. Calliphora erythrocephala Lucilia csesar. Lu cilia cornicina. Graphomyia maculata. Moreliia hortorum. Sarcophaga carnaria. Hyetodesia basalis. Coleoptera. Pterostichus versicolor. Pterostichus strenuus. Amara auiica. BemUidium gilvipcs. Ocypus cupreus. Quedius tristis, Leistotrophus nebulosus. Leistotrophus murinus* Stilicus affinis. Stenus unicolor. Omaiium excavatum. Choleva tristis. Meligethes rufipes- Cercus pedicularius. Brachypterus urticoe. Ephistemus gyrinoides. Halyzia iS-punctata. Coccinella 7-punctata. Subcoccinella 24-punctata. Scymnus frontalis. Mycetophagus quadripustulatus. Atomaria basalis. Cercyon analis. Aphodius contaminatus. Aphodius rufipes. Chrysomela didymata. Chrysomela polita. Chrysomela staphylea. Lema melanopa. Lema lichenis. Phratora vulgatissima. Galerucella lineola. Crepidodera aurata. Psylliodes cupro-nitens. Longitarsus melanocephalus. Batophila rubi. Aphthona cserulea. Cassida viridis. Ceuthorhynchus litura. Ceuthorhynchus pollux. Rhinoncus gramineus. Rhinoncus pericarpius. Erirrhinus acridulus. Hypera variabilis. Anthonomus rubi. Sitones lineaius. Sitones hispidulus. Sitones sulcifrons. Naturalist WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK : NATURALISTS AT GREAT COTES. 37 1 Mr. J. H. Cooke, B.Sc, F.L.S., F.G.S., reported that the extensive accumulations of Boulder Clay and Estuarine Warp that envelope the country in the neighbourhood of Great Cotes, most of which, at the time of the visit of the members of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, were covered with ripening crops, militated considerably against the success of the geological section. Some interesting work was, however, done in seeking for erratics and in studying the problems which were offered in a small pit that lies between Great Cotes and Healing. This pit is specially noteworthy as being the only section in the neighbourhood where the Boulder Clay may be seen in juxtaposition with and overlying the shelly sands and gravels. It has been excavated in an inlier, and it shews in section a layer of chalky Purple Boulder Clay of about four feet in thickness overlying a series of thin seams of gravel, sand, and carbonaceous matter. The predominant feature of the clay is the many fragments of chalk which it contains, all of which are in a more or less advanced state of decomposition ; but besides these, angular masses of flint, some black, others piebald, due to the solution of portions of their contained chalcedonic silica, and also small boulders of local and of far-travelled rocks are by no means uncommon. Of these latter, fragments of oolitic limestone, micaceous sandstone, mica schist, and red granite were noted. The shelly gravels with their intercalations of carbonised vegetable matter exhibit very marked evidences of false-bedding, and contain quantities of shell fragments having a distinct marine facies. Mr. Cordeaux and the Geological Survey obtained 17 species of marine shells from this pit. On the day of tb fragments were obtained, and also entire shells of Cc many Mytilns \fytilus edulis is not recorded from this locality in the Survey Memoir. Of the boulders that were seen the most noteworthy was a fine rounded mass of porphyritic granite that would probably weigh nearly three-quarters of a ton. It lies near the gateway leading to Mr. Cordeaux's grounds. It is not a local erratic, but was dredged up from the Dogger Bank in the North Sea and was brought to Great Cotes a few years ago. Between the village and the station several isolated boulders were observed by the roadside, e.g., schist, oolitic limestone, micaceous sandstone, and quartzite; and about one hundred yards from the station is ft large heap of foreign rocks that includes boulders of basalt, schist, porphyntic granite, quartzite, grey granite, and limestones, all of which were at road pavement Dec 1S96. 372 NOTE TRICHOPTE R A. Cotes Vicarage. It is therefore highly probable that they had been carted from Grimsby from one of the many ballast-heaps that abound there. From the foregoing observations it will be seen that the greatest caution will have to be exercised when taking note of the occurrence of igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, and other erratics in this neighbourhood. The Rev. W. H. Daubney proposed that Mr. Cordeaux be most heartily thanked for the very kind and hospitable way in which he had received his visitors- He had entertained them entomologically, botanically, geologically, and lastly, as they had evidence before and within them, in a very excellent culinary way. Mr. Peacock, in seconding the motion, said that, as a compiler of the bibliography of Lincolnshire Natural History observations, he had found that Mr. Cordeaux had probably done more work, and work on wider lines, than any other scientific worker in the county. His position as an ornithologist was known to everybody, and there was no department of Natural History that he had not touched. The motion having been put and carried enthusiastically, Mr. Cordeaux replied for himself and Mrs. Cordeaux, whose name had been joined as the provider of the entertainment. He thanked the proposer and seconder for the kind expressions used towards Mrs. Cordeaux and himself, and he assured those present that he felt himself honoured by the presence of so large a company. Looking back upon his fifty years' experience as a worker in Natural History, he remembered the time when he began to take notes, when he had only one correspondent in the county, and then years afterwards when he had only two, the late Sir Charles Anderson, of Lea, and the late Rev. R. P. Alington, of Swinhope. Let them but compare that state of things with the number of Lincolnshire workers to-day. The Union consisted of about no members, and it was satisfactory to find that they nearly all of them had paid their subscriptions. He hoped that sometime in the future they might have another meeting at Cotes in the summer, and he further hoped that at some time during the ensuing winter he might have an opportunity of telling them something about the marvellous things he had recently seen in Arctic Europe. NOTE—TRICHOPTERA. Stenophylax vibex at Huddersfield.— In May last, Mr. B. Morley gave me a fine specimen of Stenophylax vibex which he had taken during the spring at Skelmanthorpe ; and on Saturday last he brought me, among other commoner trichoptera, three more .S". vibex. As all his captures in the order were made cas Skelmanthorpe. I have never seen it on my own side of our town, nor in any m part of the West Riding. —Geo. T. Porritt, Crosland Hall, Hudder- sid, Novemb Natural 373 LINCOLNSHIRE BOULDERS THOMAS SHEPPARD. I am pleased to have had such a number of applications for specimens of Shap Granite, etc., in response to the offer contained m my note respecting the boulders of Lincolnshire, which appeared in this magazine for last month. With regard to the boulder at Yarborough, referred to in the first paragraph on page 335, Mr. J. H. Cooke^B.Sc., F.G.S. (Hon. Sec. of the Geological Section of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union), has examined this boulder and sent me a chip therefrom. It is not 1 Shap ' Granite. The same gentleman also informs me that he has found two or three boulders of Shap Granite at Goxhill during the last few days. This confirms the suggestion that boulders of this particular granite occur in plenty in Lincolnshire, and that ' they only require looking for' ('Naturalist/ November 1896, page 355). Mr. Cooke will publish detailed particulars of these and other erratics which he has observed, in the next report of the Lincolnshire Boulder Committee. Seeing that so many geologists are interesting themselves in the boulders of Lincolnshire, the following list of papers, etc., referring thereto, may be of some service : — J. Cordeaux, M.B.O.U. — Presidential Address to the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union. Part 1 of Union's Transactions, 1895, p. 7 (suggests formation of a Boulder Committee for Lincolnshire). W. Hampton, F.C.S., and H. W. Kew, F.E.S.— 'The "Blue Stone" Boulder at Louth, Lincolnshire.' The ' Naturalist/ August 1887, pp. 225-6. A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.G.S.— 'The Geology of East Lincolnshire/ Geol. Surv. Memoir, 1887 {contains, p. 72, lists of boulders from the Hessle Clay and Purple Clay respectively ; also a description of the * Blue Stone ' boulder at Louth, by J. J. II. Teall). P- F. Kendall, F.G.S., Secretary. — 'Twenty-third Report of Committee on Erratic Blocks of England, Wales, and Ireland, 1895.' {This contains par- ticulars of some erratics observed at Grimsby by the Rev. W. Tuckwell.) P* F. Kendall, F.G.S., Secretary. — 'First Report of Committee on Erratic Blocks of British Isles, 1896 ■ (contains abstract of first report of the Line. Nat. Union Boulder Committee). H. Carvill Lewis.— 'Glacial Geology of Great Britain and Ireland/ 1S94 (refers to erratics at Louth, Grimsby, Cleethorpes, Welt on, etc.). C. Reid, F.G.S.— 'Geology of Holderness ? {Geol. Surv. Memoir), 1885 (men- tions, page 41, boulders at Grimsby, Cleethorpes, etc.). T» Sheppard. — 'On the Occurrence of Scandinavian Boulders in England.' Glaciaiists' Magazine, vol. 3, 1895, pp. 129-131 (with list of records). T - Sheppard. — 'On the Occurrence of Boulders of Shap Granite, etc., in Lincolnshire.' ' Naturalist, 7 November 1 896, pp. 333 539* T, Sheppard and Herbert Muff. — * Notes on the Glacial Geology of Robin Hooct's Bay.' Glaciaiists* Magazine, vol. 4, September 1896, pp. 47-60 (refers to l>oulders of Rhomb- porphyry, etc., at South Ferriby). Rfc*. W. Tuckwell.— 'The Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union Boulder Com- mittee 5 (First Report}. * Naturalist,' November 1896, pp. 3*9*353* w - A. E. Ussher, F.G.S., and others. --'Geology of North Lincolnshire, etc.' Geol. Surv. Memoir, 1890 (Lincolnshire erratics referred to on pages 131:133, 135, 137. *5°> and 170. r> ec. 1896, 374 CLASSIFIED INDEX. CONTRIBUTORS. Archer, H. T., 340. Armitt, Mary L., 174, 302. Ash, Rev. Cyril D., b.a., I, 85, 302, 308. Bailey, Matthew, 84, 132, 174, 196, 302, 34*i 365. Baker, J. Gilbert, f.r.s., 90. Baldwin, E. T., 240. Barker, Reginald H., 303. Bayford, E. G., 93, 93, 210. Bennie, James, 244. Birtwhistle, A., M.A., 259. Brady, W. E., 10. Bradshaw, C, F.G.S., 319. Burton, F. M., f.l.s , f.g.s., ii, 94, Butterfieid, W. J. C. R., m.b.o.u., 240. Cash, William, F.G.S., 25. Carter, J. W., 354. Carter, Rev. W. Lower, M.A., F.G.S., I Clark, J. Edmund, B.sc., B.A., F.G.S., 308, 308. Cooke, John H., F.G.s., F.L.s., 205, 289, 293»37L Coombe, J. Newton, 321. Cordeaux, John, m.b.o. r., 4, 5, 323. Crossland, Charles, 355. Crow, B,, 324. Crowther, Henry, f.r.m.s., 192, 257, 367. Davies, J. J. , 294. Dennis, Geo. C, f.e.s., Dodsworth, Joseph, 297. Ellison, Guy M., 303. 34. Falconer, Wm., 318. Fawcitt, J. W., 84. Fieldsend, Alfred, 297. Fowler, Rev. Wm., m.a., 15, 241, 275. Friend, Rev. Hilderic, 77, 141, 232, 244, 256, 258, 258, 288, 298. Gibbs, Thomas, 308. Gouiding, R. W., 12, 273, 297. Grabham, Oxley, M.A., m.b.o.U., 81. Haigh, G. H. Caton, m.b.o.u., 12, 369. Hawkesworth, Leonard, 193, 2IO. Ha worth-Booth, Lieut. -Col. B. B., J.P., 24, 34, 34, 132, 197. Hewett, William, 34, 302, 303, 303. Howarth, Elijah, F.R.A.S., IOO. Judge, S. W., 258. Keegan, P. Q., ll.d., 91, 256. Kew, H. Wallis, F.z.s., 174. Larder, J., 15, 24. Lees, F. Arnold, M.R.C.S., 13, 49, 292, 317, 369. Lowe, John, M.D., 304. Marshall, J. J., 4, 173, 210. Mason, James Eardiey, 129, 175. Meade, R. H., f.r.c.s., 253. Nelson, Thos. H., m.b.o.u., 192. Oldham, Charles, 109, 340, 340, 354, 354, 354. Pawson, A. H., 193, 299. Peacock, Rev. Edward Adrian Woodruffe-, L.TH., F.L.S., F.G.S., II, S3, l8l, 245, 276, 293, 309, 325, 367. Peake, Edward, m.a., 35. Petch, T., b.a., 34. Petty, S. Lister, 10, 90, 100, 101, 197, 3 0I > 324, 340, 341, 354. Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., F.E.S., 372. Preston, Henry, F.G.S. , 285. Raynor, Rev. G. H., m.a., f.e.s., 14- Roebuck, Wm. Denison, F.L.s., 17, 61, 9°, 147, 211, 305. Rotheray, Lister, 97. Rowntree, J. H., 354. Sheppard, T., 333, 373. Slater, Matthew B., F.L.s., 195. Smith, B. M., 189. Stabler, George, 90, 133, 277. Stephenson, Thos., 173, 233. J Thornley, Rev. Alfred, m.a., f.l.s., f.k.s., 276, 369. Tuckwell, Rev. W., 349. Ward, John, 288, 365. WTierry, A. E., 294. Wilson, Henry B., 90. Young, J. J. Baldwin, 1 Natural^ CLASSIFIED INDEX. 375 BOOK NOTICES. Armistead, J. J. — An Angler's Paradise and How to Obtain it, 271. Backhouse, James. — Upper Teesdale, Past and Present, 366. Beddard, F. E.— Text-Book of Zoo- geography, 52. Beddard, F. E. — Monograph of the Oligo- cheeta, 77-80. Browne, Montagu. — Artistic and Scientific Taxidermy and Modelling, 367. Cleveland Naturalists' Field Club. —Record of Proceedings for 1895, 303. Gurney, J. H. — Recent Abundance of the Little Auk in Norfolk, 48. Halifax Naturalist, 80, 174. Henslow, Rev. Geo.— The Study of Wild Flowers, 369. Herdman, W. A. — Address to Zoological Section, British Association, Ipswich, 48. Kappel, A. W., and W. E. Kirby.— British and European Butterflies and Moths, 172. Knowledge, Sept. 1896, 353. Liverpool Biological Society.- Proceedings, vol. 9, 52. Manchester Field Naturalists' and Archae- ologists' Society for 1895, 353. Miall, L. C— The Natural History of Aquatic Insects, 51. Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society. Transactions, vol. 4, 1893-5, 16. Saunders, Edward.— The Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands, 272. Sheffield Naturalists' Club.— 25th Annual Report, 353* Swann & Co. — International Naturalists' Directory for 1896, 33. Tutt, J. W.— Random Recollections of Woodland, Fen, and Hill, ed. 2, 24. . Tutt, J. W.— The Pterophorina of Britain, [52- Wager, Harold, and N. Walker.— On the Structure of the Root, 80. [317- Ward, Marcus, & Co.— Plants of Manitoba, ILLUSTRATIONS. Cutting at Ancaster, 287. Geological Section North of Grantham, 285. Geologists at Louth, May 1896, 336. Portrait and Autograph of late W« C Williamson, 25. Ripple-Marked Sandstone at Grimesthorpe, Sheffield, 320. Stylodriius vejdovskyi, 1 45. CHESHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148-170 ; Late Stay of Swifts in Cheshire, C. Oldham, 340. Diptera : Nycteribia latreillii in Cheshire, C. Oldham, 340. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-92, W. Denison Roebuck, 20-23. Flowering Plants : Bibliography for 1S90, W. Denison Roebuck, 62-75. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1SS9-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-308. Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1892, W. Odezia Denison Roebuck, 211-232; atrata in Cheshire, C. Oldham, 354. Mammalia : Daubenton's Bat at Alderley Edge, C. Oldham, 340. Mollusca: The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Cheshire, Charles Oldham, 109-128; Slugs in the Goyt Valley, C. Oldham, 354- r T . _ Personal Notices : Obituary of Lord De Tabley, 49-50, 90 ; R. Newstead and his Observations on Coccids, 270. Societies : Chester Society of Natural Science, 270. CUMBERLAND. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148- 171 ; Notes of Buzzard and Oyster-Catcher, J. W. Fawcitt, 84. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-92, W. Denison Roebuck, 17-23. Flowering Plants : Bibliography for 1S90, _W. Denison Roebuck, 63-76 ; Further Dec. 1896. Notes on the Chemistry of Rosacea m the Lake District, P. Q. Keegan, 91-93 : Tower Cress near Cockermouth, H- Friend, 256; Rare Form of Guelder Rose near Cockermouth, H. Friend, 25b : BirdVNest Orchis near Wigton, H. Friend, 258. 376 CLASSIFIED INDEX. CUMBERLAN D— continued. Fung?: Morel and Wood-Betony Blight in Cumberland, H. Friend, 232. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-308 ; Mussel Scale at Wigton, H. Friend, 244. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 213-232. Mollusca : Vertigo moulinsiana and Helix cantiana near Keswick, W. J. Farrer, 50. Mosses : Cumberland localities for various Mosses, Geo. Stabler, 138, 139, 279, 280, 281. Museums : The Carlisle Museum, 303. Personal Notices : W. J. Farrer's Paper on Mollusca of English Lake District, i.e., Keswick, 50. Vermes : New and Little-known Oligo- chsets, Stylodrilus vejdovskyi in Cumber- land, Hilderic Friend, 141-146 and woodcut ; Hair-worm at Carlisle, H. Friend, 288. DERBYSHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148- 1 7 1. Flowering" Plants : Bibliographyfor 1890, \V. Denison Roebuck, 61-76. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 307-308. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 213-231. Mammalia : Daubenton's Bat in Derby- shire, C. Oldham, 354. Mollusca : Slugs in the Goyt Valley, C. Oldham, 354. Mosses : Barbula brevirostris at Ash wood Dale, J. J. Marshall, 4. Personal Notices : Rev. W. R. Linton's fasciculi of British Hieracia, 89. DURHAM. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 149-169. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 17-23 Flowering Plants : Bibliographyfor 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 64-74. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1889-1S93, W. Denison Roebuck, 306-308. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 214-232. LANCASHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148 171. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-1892, \V. Denison Roebuck, 18-23. Flo wering- Plants : Bibliographyfor 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 62-76. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1S89-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-308. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1S92, W. Denison Roebuck, 211-231. Mosses : West Lancashire stations for Mosses, G. Stabler, 138, 279, 280. Museums : Sunday-opening of Manchester Museum, 52. Personal Notices : Paper by William Moss on the Radula in Classification, 16 ; Memoir of late W. C. Williamson, with portrait, W. Cash, 25-33 ; Prof. Herd- man's Address to Zoological Section of British Association at Ipswich, 4 s 5 J. C. Melvill and R. Standen's paper on Mollusca from the Loyalty Islands, 50 ; Murchison Medal awarded to T. Mellard Reade, 80 ; R, J. Harvey Gibson's paper on the Anatomy of Selaginella, 243 ; Review of Prof. Williamson's Auto- biography, 299-301. Societies i Notice of Transactions of Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society for 1893-5, 16 ; the Conchological Society at Manchester, 50 ; Report for 1895 of Manchester Field Naturalists and Archae- ologists' Society, 353. LINCOLNSHIRE. Algae : Diatoms of Sleaford District, 1856, John Lowe, 304. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148-17 1 ; Bird-notes from the Humber District in the Autumn of 1895, J. Cordeaux, 5-10; Birds noted at Market Rasen, G. H. Caton Haigh and J. J. Baldwin Young, 12 ; Great Northern Coast, J- Lincoln, Diver on the Lincolnshire Larder, 24 ; Hoopers near F. If. Burton, 95 ; Birds observed by L.N.U. at Grantham, J. Cordeaux, 275 \ Birds observed by L.N.IL at Bourne, A. Fieldsend, 297 ; Birds observed by L.N.U. at Great Cotes, J. Cordeaux, 368 ; G. H. Caton Haigh, 3 6 & Naturalist* CLASSIFIED INDEX. 77 LINCOLNSHIRE— continued. Coleoptera : Bruchus cisti and Ceutho- rhynchus echii at Grantham, W. W. Fowler, 275 ; Beetles observed by L.N. U. at Grantham and Ancaster, A. Thornley, 276 ; Coleoptera observed by L.N.IL at Great Cotes, A. Thornley, 370. Diptera : Some Diptera of the Alford District, North Lincolnshire, James Eardley Mason, 175-180; Diptera ob- served by L.N.U. at Great Cotes, A. Thornley, 370. Ferns and Fern Allies : Fems noted by L.N.U. at Market Rasen, R. W. Goulding, 13 ; Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants, Ferns and Fern- Allies, E.x\.\YoodrurTe- Peacock, 3 26- 328, Characeoe, 328-329 ; Wall-rue at Great Cotes, E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, 368. Fishes: Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-92, W. Denison Roebuck, 18-23. Flowering; Plants : Bibliography for 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 64-76 ; plants observed by L.N.U. at Market Rasen, R. W. Goulding, 12, F. Arnold Lees, 13-14; Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants, E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, seventh paper, 53-60; eighth paper, 181-1S8 ; ninth paper, 245-252 ; tenth paper, 309- 3'6 ; eleventh paper, 325-332 ; Plants observed by L.N.U. at Grantham, K. W. Goulding, 273-275 ; W. Fowler, 275 ; E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, 276 ; Plants observed by L.N.U. at Bourne, E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, 297 ; Notes by J. Dodsworth, 297 ; Plants observed by L.N. U. at Great Cotes, E. A. Wood- ruffe-Peacock, 368. Fungi : Fungi noted by L.N.U. at Market Rasen, W. Fowler, 15; Fungi observed by L.N.U. at Great Cotes, E. A. Wood- ruffe-Peacock, 368. Geology: Geology at Market Rasen, F. M. Burton, II ; Geological programme of L.N.U., 80; Work for Lincolnshire Geologists, John PL Cooke, 205-210; Geological notes by L.N. U. at Grantham, H. Preston, 274 ; Some Account of the Surface Geology North of Grantham, with illustrations, PL Preston, 285-288 ; Geological account of Bourne, J. H. Cooke, 293, A. E. Wherry and J. J. Davies, 294 ; Notes on the Occurrence of Boulders of Shap Granite, etc., in North Lincolnshire, T. Sheppard, 333- 339 ; The Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union Boulder Committee, W. Tuck well, 349' 353 ; Geological notes made by L.N.U. at Great Cotes, f. H. Cooke, 371 ; Lincolnshire Boulders, T. Sheppard, 373. Dec. 1896. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-30S ; Bugs noted by L.N.U. at Grantham, A. Thornley, 276. Hymenoptera : Sirexgigas in Lincolnshire, H. B. Wilson, 90. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, \Y. Denison Roebuck, 214-22S ; Lepidoptera ' noted by L.N.U. at Market Rasen, G. H. Raynor, 14-15 ; Lycrcna alexis observed by L.N.U. at Grantham, R. W. Goulding, 274 ; Lepidoptera observed there, A. Thornley, 276 ; Lepidoptera observed by L.N.U. at Bourne, R. \Y. Goulding, 297 ; Vanessa antiopa at Bracebridge near Lincoln, Guy M. Ellison, 303 ; Lepidoptera observed by L. N. U. at Great Cotes, A. Thornley, 370. Lichens: Lichens noted by L.X.U. at Market Rasen, J. Larder, 15. Mammalia: Beaked Whale at Fiieston, G. H. Caton Haigh, 369. Mollusca : Lincolnshire Notes, Louth and Barton Districts, H. W. Kew, £74; Helix ericetorum at Ancaster, R. W. Goulding, 275 ; and at Scottiethorpe, Id., 297. Mosses: Mosses noted by L.N. I. at Market Rasen, J. Larder, 15 ; Mosses of South Lincolnshire, W. Fowler, 241- 243 ; Pottia heimii, an addition to the Lincolnshire Moss-List, F. Arnold Lees, 292. Museums : Opening of County Museum at Lincoln, F. M. Burton, 94*97- Neuroptera and Trichoptera : Orthop tera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera of the Alford District of North Lincolnshire, J. Eardley Mason, 129-132; Libellula depressa noted by L.N.U. at Ancaster, A. Thornley, 276. Orthoptera : Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera of the Alford District of North Lincolnshire, J. Eardley Mason, 129-132. Personal Notices : Rev. E. Adrian Wood - rurre- Peacock and the Natural History Editorship of Lincolnshire Notes and Queries, 33 ; his eleciton as F.L.S. and F.G.S., 52; death of T. H. Buffham, 132 ; J. H. Cooke's paper on Maltese Pleistocene Beds, 270. Societies: Lincolnshire Naturalists Union at Market Rasen, E. A. Woodmrle- Peacock, 11-16; its Annual Meeting at Lincoln, F. M. Burton, 94-97 : L.N.L. at Grantham, R. W. Goulding, 273- 276; L."S-V. at B rne, E. A. Wood- ruffe-Peacock, 293-298 ; L.N. L . at Great Cotes, Id., 3»7-372. 3 73 CLASSIFIED INDEX. ISLE OF MAN. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148-167. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 17-23 ; Lophius piscatorius off Douglas, L. Petty, 10. Geology : Arctic Plants and Apus Remains at Kirkmichael, C. Reid and J. Bennie, 244. Flowering Plants : Bibliography for 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 61-70. Hemiptera : Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 308. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 214-230 ; Three Weeks in the Isle of Man, Rev. Cyril D. Ash, 1-3. NORTHUMBERLAND. Arachnida : Dolomedes mirabilis in Northumberland, W. Falconer, 318. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 148-17 1 ; Button's Skua in Northumberland, H. T. Archer, 340. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1 889- 1 892, W. Denison Roebuck, 17-23. Flowering Plants : Bibliography for 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 64-74. Hemiptera : Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-308. Lepidoptera : Bibliography lor 1892, W« Denison Roebuck, 213-226. Personal Notices : M. A. degree conferred upon Richard Howse, 172. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 147- 171. Flowering Plants : Bibliography for 1 890, W. Denison Roebuck, 61-74. Hemiptera ; Bibliography for 1889-1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 308. Lepidoptera: Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 211-232. Mammalia s Otters feeding on Fresh- water Mussels in the Soar, W. Denison Roebuck, 90. Mollusca : Otters feeding on Freshwater Mussels in the Soar, W. Denison Roebuck, 90. Personal Notices : Harry Fisher and his connection with the Jackson- Harms- worth Polar Expedition, 23, 48 ; H. J- Pearson's cruise in Novaya Zemlya, etc., 172. WESTMORLAND AND FURNESS. Birds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 150-170 ; North Lancashire Bird-notes, J. W. Fawcitt, 84 ; Birds and Galls at Ambleside, Mary L. Armitt, 174; Sea-Gulls and Moths at Ulverston, E. T. Baldwin, 240 ; The Pied Flycatcher in Westmorland, Mary L. Armitt, 302, Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-92, W. Denison Roebuck, 21-23; Large Kelt in the Duddon, S. L. Petty, • • Flowering Plants: Bibliography for 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 64-76 ; Cardamine amara in Duddon Woods, Bishop of Wakefield, 80 ; Habenaria bi folia flore- pleno near Kendal, Geo. Stabler, J. G. Baker, 90; Hyoscyamus nigerin F urn ess, S. Lister Petty, 100; The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, I597(?)- 1893, S, Lister Petty, eighth paper, 101-108 ; ninth paper, 197-204 ; tenth paper, 341-348 ; Plants noted by Y.N.b* at Hackfall and Tanfield, B. M. Smith, 1 89-19 1 ; Red Hawthorn at Patterdaie, P. Q. Keegan, 256; North Lancashire Plant-Records for 1S96, S. Lister Petty, 324. Fungi : Jews'-ears and Scarlet Peziza in Furness, S. L. Petty, 340. Hemiptera: Bibliography for 18S9-1S93, W. Denison Roebuck, 308. Hymenoptera : Birds and Galls of Neuro- terus lenticuiaris at Ambleside, Mary I~ Armitt, 174. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 212-231. Mammalia : Badger in North Lancashire, S. Lister Petty, 301 ; the Wild Boar in Furness, S. Lister Petty, 354- _____ Naturalist, CLASSIFIED INDEX. 379 WESTMORLAND AND F U R N E S S— continued. Mosses and Hepatics: The Hepaticse and Musci of Westmorland, Geo. Stabler, second paper, 133-140 ; third paper, 277- 284. Personal Notices : Notice of Isaac Hall ofNewton-in-Cartmell, 101 ; John Wilson of Kendal, 102 ; James Crowe, 103 ; T. West, 105 ; Rev. E. Jackson of Rusland, 107 ; Crustacean named after W. J. Beaumont, 132 ; notices of botanists who have investigated Westmorland Mosses and Hepatics, Geo. Stabler, 133-137; William Nixon of Bardsea, 204 ; Rev. F. A. Malleson's paper on Wordsworth and the Duddon, 270 ; W. M. Hind, 346. YORKSHIRE. Algae Qptera : Early Appearance of Cocci- la •» ~ ^-. 1 A .». . :_„i:~ Cole n ella 7-punctataand~Dytiscus marginalis near Barnsley, E. G. Bay ford, 93 ; J*ibbium scotias at Barnsley, Id., 93; beetles observed by Y.N.U. at Hackfail ^^LZ anfieW » L - Hawkes worth, 193 J **c- 1896. Algee Found at Roche Abbey, July nth, 1896, J. Newton Coombe, t> 32 J' 323 ' oirds : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 147-171 ; Northern Bullfinch in Yorkshire, an addition to the British Avifauna, J. Cordeaux, 4 ; Bird-notes from the Humber District in the Autumn of 1895, Id., s- 10 ; East Yorkshire Bird- notes, B. B. Haworth-Booth, 24 ; The Cormorant in East Yorkshire, T. Petch, 34 ; The Avifauna of Settle and Upper Ribblesdale, Edward Peake, M.A., 35- 48 ; Little Auk near Scarborough, J. H. Gurney, F.Z.S., 48 ; Flamborough Bird-notes, M. Bailey, 84, 132, 174, 196, 3°2, 340, 365 ; Rare Birds at Bridling- ton, E. Howarth, 100 ; Little Bustard m Holderness, B. B. Haworth-Booth, 132 ; Creeper and Waterhen at Tanfield, B. M. Smith, 190 ; Birds noted by YN.U. at Hackfail and Tanfield, T. H. Nelson, 192 ; Barred Warbler in East Yorkshire, B. B. Haworth-Booth, 196; ^Natural History Notes from Whitby, May 1894-May 1896, T. Stephenson, ^34-237 ; Alleged Breeding of Dartford J arbler in North Yorkshire, W. C. J. R. Butterfield, 240 ; Gossip on Natural History, Habits and Singing of Birds, R- H. Meade, 253-255 ; Starlings Rouble-Brooded at Lofthouse, John *\ard, 288 ; Shoveller Nesting at Skip- **h f C. D. Ash, 302 ; Late Stay of Swift at York, W. Hewett, 303 ; Occurrence ?J Macqueen's Bustard at Kilnsea, East Yorkshire, J. Cordeaux, 323-324; •;ligralion of the Ring-ouzei, John W«£ 3 6 5 . ^ceieriterata : Marine Zoology near Scar- borough during two years, Oxley Brabham. 81-84. Pyrochroa serraticornis near Ripley, L. Hawkesworth, 210; Acanthocinus sedilis near Barnsley, E. G. Bay ford, 210. Crustacea : Marine Zoology for two years at Scarborough, O. Grabham, 81-84 ; Crustacea observed at Whitby, T. Stephenson, 239. Diptera : Abundance at Scarborough of Maggots of the ■ Sand Fly,' O. Grabham, 84 ; Borborus equinus and Coelomyia moliissima near Bradford, R. H. Meade, 254-255- Echinodermata : Marine Zoological Notes for two years at Scarborough, O. Grab- ham, 81-84. Ferns: Wall-rue Fern noted by Y.N. IX at Hackfail and Tanfield, A. H. Pawson, 195 ; Moon wort in Wensleydale, J. E. Clark, 308. Fishes : Bibliography of Marine Fishes, 1889-92, W. Denison Roebuck, 17-23 ; Couch's Whiting at Whitby, an addition to the Yorkshire Fauna, Thos. Stephenson, 173 ; Fishes noted by Y.N.U. at Hackfail and Tanfield, T. H. Nelson, 192 ; Natural History Notes from Whitby, May 1894-May 1896, T. Stephenson, 237-239 ; Pike taking young Ducks at Skipwith, C. D. Ash, 308. Flowering Plants s Bibliography for 1890, W. Denison Roebuck, 61-76 ; I. H. BurkilPs teratological notes on Parnassia at Scarborough, 52 ; Further Discoveries of Arenaria gothica, Lister Rotheray, 97-100; Plants observed by Y.N.U. at Hackfail and Tanfield, B. M. Smith, ; A. H. P 1 89- 19 1 ; A. H. Fawson, 1 93- 1 95 ; Gossip on Natural History, appearance and uses of plants, R. H. Meade, 255-256 ; Arenaria gothica at Ribblehead, J. E. Clark, 308 ; Botanical Notes from rection, T. Gihbs, 308; the American Water-weed at Roche Fungi : Fungus Foray at Selby, with list of species found, Charles Crossland, 355- 365- 3 8o CLASSIFIED INDEX. YO R KS H I RE— continued. Geology : Section in the Lower Oolites at Scarborough, J. H. Cooke, 289-292 ; List of Fossils, Id., 292; Ripple-marked Sandstone at Grimesthorpe, Sheffield, with illustrations, C. Bradshaw, 319-320. Hemiptera : Bibliography, 1889 to 1893, W. Denison Roebuck, 305-308. Hymenoptera : Sirex gigas near Hull, B. B. Haworth-Booth, 34 ; Plague of Wasps near Hull in 1893, Id., 34 ; Sirex gigas at Bridlington and S.juvencus in Leeds, H. B. Wilson, 90. Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1892, W. Denison Roebuck, 211-232 ; Acherontia atropos in Went Vale, and query as to Dates of Emergence, W. E. Brady, 10 ; Lepidoptera near Beverley in 1895, 34 ; The Season of 1895 at Skipwith, Notes on Lepidoptera, C. D. Ash, 85-89 ; Lepidoptera noted by Y.N.U. at Hack- fall and Tanfield, L. Hawkesworth, 193 ; Notodonta dictsea in Leeds City, S. W. Judge, 258 ; Death's Head Hawk Moth near York and at Spurn, W. Hewett, 303 ; Nyssia hispidaria in Wheat ley Wood, Doncaster, W. Hewett, 303 ; Clifden Nonpareil at Scarborough, J, H. Rowntree, 354 ; Acherontia atropos at Bradford, J. W^ Carter, 354. Lichens : Symbiosis and Mimicry in Lichens noted at Dent, A. Shackleton, 16. Mammalia: Mammals noted by Y.N.U. at Hackfall and Tanfield, T. H. Nelson, 192 ; Natural History Notes from Whitby, May 1894 to May 1896, T* Stephenson, 233 ; Natural History Notes from Skipton Churchwardens' Accounts, A„ Birt whistle, 259-270. Mollusca : Marine Zoological Notes from Scarborough for last two years, O. Grab- ham, 81-84 ; Helix itala near Ripon, B. M, Smith, 190 ; Mollusca noted by Y.N.U. at Hackfall and Tanfield, H. Crowther, 1 92 ; Octopus at Whitby, T. Stephenson, 239. Mosses : New Yorkshire Moss, Barbula brevirostris, and another confirmation of Teesdale's old records, Pottia recta, Marshall, 4 ; West Yorkshire j. j. stations for Mosses, G. Stabler, 139, 140, 284 ; Dicranum undulatum at Holme-on-Spalding Moor, new to York- shire, and other Mosses, J. J. Marshall, 173 ; Mosses observed by Y.N.U. at Hackfall and Tanfield, M. B. Slater, 195 ; Bryum murale in the East Riding, also at Malham, J. J. Marshall, 210. Orthoptera : Specialisation of Leaping Legs of Locust, /Edipoda tartarica, taken at Leeds, H. Crowther, 257. Neuroptera and Trichoptera : Abund- ance of Halesus guttatipennis at Picker- ing, G. C. Dennis, 34 ; Stenophylax vibex near Huddersfield, G. T. Porritt, 372. Personal Notices : Geo. Massee on the Spot Disease of Orchids, 3; Death of Wm. Grainge, 16 ; Memoir of late W. C. Williamson, with portrait, W. Cash, 25- 33 ; L H. Burkill's notes on teratology of Parnassia, 52 ; H. Wager and N. Walker's paper on the Structure of the Root, 80; Bishop of Wakefield and Lakeland Botany, 80; Alfred Harker a recipient of the Wollaston Fund, 80 ; Thornbeck, botanist, Ingleton, 104 ; Hon. D.C.L. Durham Degree conferred on W. H. Dallinger, 172 ; Notice of T. J. Foggitt, 202 ; W. Nelson's paper on Limna^a peregra, 240 ; E. R. Waite on Mice of Central Australia, 240 ; E. R. Waite on Dust as a Museum Enemy, 243 ; Deaths of Rev. H. F. Barnes- Lawrence and Peter Inch bald, 271 ; Review of Prof. Williamsons Autobiography, 299-301 ; R. H. Barkers experience of Apatura iris in the New Forest, 303. Societies : Halifax Scientific Society and its journal 'The Halifax Naturalist,' So ; Yorkshire Naturalists' Union at Hackfall and Tanfield, B. M. Smith, 189-196 ; 25th Annual Report of Sheffield Naturalists Club, 353. Vermes : Marine Zoological Notes for t\*o years from Scarborough, 81-84 ; Tubifex rivulorum near Apperley, H. Friend, 146; Henlea leptodera near Idle and Woodhouse Grove, H. Friend, 29S. MISCELLANEA n irds: Fieldfare in Merionethshire, J. Cordeaux, 9. Flowering Plants : Further Notes on the Chemistry of the Rosacese, P. Q. Keegan, 91-93 ; Red Hawthorn, Id., 256. Lepidoptera s Anecdote of Apatura iris attracted by scent in the New Forest, R. H. Barker, 303. Lichens : Symbiosis and Mimicry *n Lichens, A. Shackleton, 16. Orthoptera : Specialisation of Leaping Legs of Locust, H. Crowther, *frjp2i Personal Notices : Obituary of Proi. U <- Babington, 49-50. Vermes; Tubifex rivulorum in Sussex, H. Friend, 146. Printed by M^Corqiuxlate & Co. Limited, Leed JANUARY 1896 4^^THE No. 246 I £ W .= i. &n I L »ft MONTHLY JOURNAL OF * Natural History for the North of England. « EDITED BY WM. DENISON .,-- . -17 « JL^« O - j Sunny Banle, Leeds ; * - «? e WITH THE AS STANCE 18 SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF LBERT BAKER AGLE CLARKE, ALFRED MARKER, CBAS. P. HOBKIRK GEC PORRITT, *r C jr a. * » • * » TURNER U+ * ontenfs * z Three Weeks in the Isle Man. — Rev. Cyril D* Ask • * 4 » Northern finch in Yorkshire Addition the British Avi-Fauna. John Cordeaujc v ird-Notes from the Number District the Autumn 1806 & <1 KX Lincolnshire Natu Market ffasen ri&n fVeadrug*-Peac*ck. >*» . t p ^»£ *? M 4 -* L ■ V V -r * * : A #• to aphy ; Marine Fishes, 1889-1892. >r. D-fftismt ft *ck r I »v ■■ » n m. Crawford Williamson. 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Bibliography ; Phanerogamic Botany, H90.-*f« Denhtm Redm F«L Note— Trichoptera 61-64 34 A )£ H. r ..ering — /"■/. ■■ r* V Note—Ormth 1 - C -ant in Vc * *• « * 34 ... a - .««i Notes — H y m en opie ra * * ; - * r ^ « ' V ■- ■ s near I 31 .. I ft* ! ■ r* a Not*— Lep optera oidoptera near -Bern Notes and News ' ft » ■ > *• * 4 *# » ^ ^. ■- -* m ^^ * 34 , 5£ *•* s»- ^mciuntcations to be addressed Thb £oito«s> *Ths Nati/ralist/ iftr* Bank, Lamoft. jiagl* Number*, &t; by fast, fd. Aaauai Sir before Maici tst f sfr&mt free, •from the Leedl - LOVELX* RX£V£ c ... r LONDON: rlrKRiB ?a Street, C v& r Gards 3t Co, Lrii -Eix Car&i> os . .ak& St s est, E as 9. £•* > . .,*.-*. . - >>--■■ — < ■ ■ i The NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the 'Naturalist' is 6 6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5/- is accepted. 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En m. Record & Jn. of Va; tion, \ L 7, No. 5. December I, 1895. [Edi r. e Nai -s, \ -), No. 9. January 1896, [H. A. F >ry, etc.. < Iter- Natural :ie e, Vol. 7. No. 47, Jan. 1896, [Rait, Henderson . Co., publisher The Irish Natural , Vol 5, No. I, January 1896, [The Editors, ublin. Norths 1st Yorkshire Seien -o. 18, Nov. 1895. [Malton N Society. Naturae Nov ites, 1895 & 22-24, Nov. -Dec, [Friedlar er Natural H . Journal, Vol. iq. No. 17 I. Dec. iqth. iSos. fThe Editors, \ \m< can Monti . F ^, ^ t — ....... ~. , 1 Zoo!. ist,3r es, Vol. 19, No. 229, Ja 15, [j. . Haritng, c f. Nature Note ■ ol. 6, 7 January 1896. [The- e 7* N jra: Chronicle,^ V L 2, o. 13, January i? 5. \. II. Waters. r. Na 5 s Journal, Vol. 5, No. 43, uary 1S0 [A. lord others, edi I :he; journ.of Entom I 7. No. 23", Jan, j V " [Camb. EnU i EF-SvA. II ersfieidN :. a PI oc. — Month ly'Circu No. 70, Dec. 1805. [S et] Bri — R; irt of 65th M eerie . 1S95, | The Assc *« Vifr [arker.— 1 :ro logy for St mts amb. :ience Manuals) -8v t il fc Camb. I lv. es Be ard. — A Te Book of Zoogeography-: ami Sei Mai h cL, 1895. ^ * t.Viv. 1 L - J Je K :s ? N Of, Noveir 302, D re 5* ,v-v * !hd "J" *Bei M ofOIigoch *, 1:0, 1 Old FOR^SALE, i e e C British Lepidoptera ■ s Dt r a Newmai , o * Ap ? kei. Micro-Geology.-- -Tras 5 vam >| fo ifc a _* * J . :- V'****" j ^ v i y>i 5 of i Pla; from the Hs "t 1 1 2. - ea^_ . . reels sc 1] to kr App , ijAS, SPENCER, 8, S Isbury P^ :e p Ha! ax. The British Noctuae and their Varieties In 4 Vols, (bound in Cloth). a. 3ST. TUTT, I\E.S. Price 7s. each Vol., or 5s. 6d. per Vol. to those who subscribe for the whole work direct to the Author, Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, S.E. MELANISM & MELANOCHROISM IN LEPIDOPTERA, By the same Author. Bound in Cloth, price 2s. 6 from the Author, R >h V Vestcombe Hill, S.E. 'An especially interesting line of enquiry as onnected with the use and value of colour in insects, is that which has been followed up in Mr. Tutt's series of papers on Melanism and Melatwchroism' (Rt Hon. Lord Wal gham, President : a- Addre Est. Soc. of London, i8go.) SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN LEPIDOPTERA AND STRAY NOTES ON THE NOCTURE, By the same Author. Price is. each, -. THE OUT-DOOR WORLD LIBRARY. RITISH SIRDS. By W. H. HUDSON, CM.Z.S. it A a Chapter an Structure and Classification by Frank E, Bf D, F.R, With 8 Coloured Plates from Original Drawings by A. Thorburn, an 8 Plates and icx> Figures in black and white from Or mal Drawings by G. Lodge, and 3 Ii Orations from Photograp s by R. 1 L Crown 8vo, 12s, 6d. THE QUTO0OR WORLD j or Young: Collector * BUTTERf LIES MHO MOTHS (BRITISH Handbook. By W . F vx.F.RA 5. By ; eaux F.R. ith iS Plates (t6 of which are Coloured) C >ur ates xnd s 4 i is an -,49 Illustrat In tb«Tea Crown t xt. i iwn St 12«, 6d* Svo, 78. 6d. LONDON: LONGMANS, C,RF & CO, 2 a THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF Land and Freshwater Mollusca 9 1892. Compii ey W. NEL ' DEM »I B- . P;I -[.-'. TAYLOR, F.L.S. Price 2d. each, by post 2 id. : or 1s. 6d. per doz. post free ■t**"^ p "I !—■■" —n"— "f i* This List i • beol raryl .E..\'^~ r , St. Giles Strec Northan co; r e H "~-f the € icholi oc wham iz he Maadi ■ -r M'' i. - LOR W FRED R1C ARN U ^ -SL^J ■&--* * * IV J ^ I - Tki. .. f __ ,:- .. -i v ...,_■> -,< :•■;=,* . ■v. s* on. - - ^, * ! f4 n.rM . - # " . y ^^m^^^bj^^^^bg^^^_^__^_|_^^^^_^^^^^^^^^^_|^^^^_^^_^^^_^^^^^~~_^__Q^^__|_ \ n ( In Dej v 8m. , Cloth^ K 250* P 12/- (l S.J, 3-50). AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE IATOMACE v FREDERICK WM. MILLS, F.R.M.S., Author p tography Appl i to the M roseope, 1 etc. JTHI j»l BIBLIOaRAPHY By JULIEN DEBY, F.R.M.S. Lc oox : Iliffe & \\ 3, St, Bride Street, Ludgate Circus. Vaskington, D.C. : The Microsco Pcjblishi> Company. HIMHMVH Copies can now be had from the Author, Kirchiey Rectory, near Shifnal, at 3s. 9cL Post-free, I ] THE Re H. PAI TER, Ccrr. , jVI '_ a) - CfVi Society. - ■ ■ j a brief de? iption of the Ph I tures of Den ire, ac a (i the i eriag Plai and Ferns lerein, with their Pi *pd LL & , LO ON URAL * rt* or • e »**■ «t«n am-' ip*. ■irop? ft the ■■ *f € mese. ■ *f t' ■ .. . „ *r -Pro:;. W, K.. E ■ ** Hew I ..a H A. S ' « I XCE ■" w * nt] '"lEvDRRa K r Li ? 22.S^ \r.drewSt.,Hf iOrcus ? LcK m % l Z - -* ««- . J*/ "ft* ■I X s P ■ 03 *- I ■ f ■*r £» J w |M « r ■ft »■■ ■ *** -*r -** ■ -5—1 22 *-— *** i ** ■ J am IT ! *~ "** ^ hfl - m * » '** '* M^! ^c «* 4*1 m+ ■* ^ ttr *** -- *•*** r 1 ■ 5£ ■ «*«■ ■ "i» *■ j .-* <*# * ■ ,? ■- ir- \ ~*# *d ' ■ . * ■-. ' lM^k 4* ** "^ ** %* fkh .. !»' V; * "f*" ■V* *»■* f% , *** ■ - hi * t ^ • **s ■ -** •*, • *pw ?'*•* ' ti**a i - j .'.' *■ '«*,■ *^ ft *£* % i % Vl "hm* *•** : P# MARCH 1896 THE OV1Q A [O CHLY JOURNAL OF Hist ry for the North of England. EDITED BY DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S S ny Bank, I THE ASSISTANCE SPECIAL DEPAR I I J. GILBERT BAKES, F.R.S., F.L.S., V EM ECLARKT F.I.S,,M.B.O.r. s ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.C *., CHAS. P. I IKIRK. F,L^ GEO.T.FORR T,FX.S.,F.L W, B. T "RNEK, M.S. ontcnfs . Dei m Reel Bibliography : Phanerogamic Botany, 1890.- Review Beddard on the Scientific Study of Worms.-,''. en Rough Notes on Marine Zoology in the Scarborough District during the last Two Years. -( • ** ■ •• The Season of 1895 at Skipwtth ; Notes on Leptdoptera.— AVr. U 66*76 I 81-84 ■ n & Further Notes on the Chemistry of the Rosacea*.—/ 7 . Q. A LLJ Lincolnshire Naturalists* Union at Lincoln.—/- Btr, ■ FJL* % *■ 91-93 m Notes— Ornithology Flani'x 34 M - *?V ♦ ♦ * * I. • Note -Botany ,. Note— Hymenoptera SO * - * * ■ £ 90 4 * m * * fr * # *-■* ■* * Note— -t K Lake -La -^" "^ N a— Warn mafia and Molfusca 0\ I : Y + ■ > * # * H- T€ '♦ #1 ♦ * • * * * * U J ^" # " * ^ m L ^ Notes — Coteoptera . ■ - 53 * * A ^** win v*' *** e di lc / * * ■■ ■w- v- ■ % — ■ E ■ ■ Notes and Hew » h. LE 4 « f* ** S * v t .. 80. 30 ■■ The NATURALIST SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the 4 Naturalist * is 6 6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5 ~ accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5 - rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. All Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of d s- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in which they are given. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE. It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books yt for re view be add) i to * The Edi >rs of the Naturalist. Sunny Bank, r > va Scotia Institute. — Proceedings, second serie ]. 1, part 4, 1 593*94* [Ib h >scopicaI eiety. — Proceedings >ion 1894-5, [The Society. Nuova N iri \, Serie VI L, ■ ennaio, 1896, [Dr. , B. de Toni, F Iova>] Jia. Rochdale Lit. & Sci. Soc, 17th Annual Report. 1 J5. [The Society. Tufts College Studies, No. I" September 18c [Tufts College, Ms ., U- V. II Naturalist, ici :no — Anno xiv, N. 10-12, Lagl.-Settemb., 1895, [I Redattore. ladeiphxa Acad, of > ^ci. — P 1895, Part 2, April — Sept «aj Geography; Notices of Mai h. Geog. c. No. 2, Tan. i, 1S96. [T cie New \ rk roscop xl Soc. — Tom Vol. 12, No. i,Jan. 1896. [The Society. e, 23 Anne, 96, No. E, Janvier. " [M. T. Husnot, Cahan. 19, Nr. 12, 1 6th Dect ber 1895, )rn. Vereins in Wie The M im, Vol 2, N 1-3, B \ 1895 -Jan 1896. "[Walter F. Webl titor. Mar-civ: r GeoL :iety. — Trans., Vol "24, Pt. 3 and 4, iSc 6. [The So< r- I >m. Record &Jn. ofVar Vol. 7 8-9, Feb. 1*15, 1896. [E e H VoL 9, No, 10, I ;ary ih j. [H. A. P bi e or. ral Sok 48, Fe 189& [Rait, 1 1 endeison c<: Co., 1 Irish Natura , ' • > . 2, Fel - try 1896. [The EcB > rth an i East York re enc es ? N , 20 1 . [MaltonNai. Sociel J . j ltnal, Vol. 20, No, 172, I , ] 1896. [The Edi 1 ^ .merit ii- irn. s No. 193, Ja >6. [C.W. iey,X he I 5tc t% No. 230, Feb, ,1896. [J. 1*. Ha or. N Vc , K . 7 Fe nary 1896. . [The Ibor " Chronicle, Vol. \ 14, Febr ;ry 1896. [A- IL Waters. - Jo -nal, VoL 5, No, 44, February 1S96. [S. L. J ■ e f «: J of I .7, : 238, Feb. 1 - [t Ent. eld Xal and >t. Soc. r C , N , I 1S96. •a Fa les J » No. 364. I :r 1 ' . Adrien Do. "5 h. Geo S . — J oal, \ L t So 3-12 \ Oct. 4. [1 -".- . Wager N. "\ —On tk - Jti re *€ R< . Svc rep; » 1 m i *— — * A Tfaomlc n & Coieopt from the mm. 4 Ben Ni £ed by Mr. . Br 8vo, reprint, 1896. [T! r- ' " i«s® fate Society, Glas >, VoL 2, part 1 i -— •..€, S -. 65 ;i: 66 ? May and j 595. : lb e v - ^ ^11 reserr us — ri Aru .[ ta Acaden- Gssa e 'EeopoSdi Tv- .js-LXHL < Tom^s 1 . 1 I^nre !«' fc 1 as*- — j ntlicbes Org^j. :r K .en I^opoldino-Ca a Demi- ^c Ai der E^urfofs er* Heft IDOL* J ins • ■!. Aka. L*- FOR SALE^ ler. i Be k Plates. , 1 n v .- ban i Eg I hes, Fer . eaw^. ? f I J Ai F ar srex^ d W. I , We- '<* ^^^b ^^^^^^B^B^^^^k A r. ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION ^* H ' < Edit! by J. W. Tl FT, F.E.S. T The i»clut )eclal I: I 1 -a E e mol . Page, z± Ne R - C puon 6s. per VoL Woodside, Burnside, HiHside, and Marsh, i Random Recollections of Woodland, Pen and fey J. W. I FJ d in C ;:. Hill. - J. s 2 6. pp I C i , 3s. The British Noctuse and their Varieties,, by J. \\ t, 4 \ : 7s. wr Vol. ' be bad ser>arateiv*. Melanism and Metanochroism in Lepidop- tera, b '■ , W. Tut I m Cloth. pr£ 2 6. Secondary Sexual Characters in Lepidop- tera, J. \ I 1s. Stray Motes on the Noetuse, W. T I ■>. Pv 1s. 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M > ■f ■ V :* V • Tof Y - T, PO I »W# . 1 4k J C0pi M ^> C pe*. i of ■ ,•. fc ;* lj *' ^ ^ u 2 C< -a ■ ^ **-'*»» XL, ^ -ff * ■ . j- ®t * Mi f-« :: 2S 't^ i , ,., t s ro ;ck, : 4 JL THE NATUEALIST. £}; exi feiv m s it is ho: to t the fc ar, * T The Land and Freshwater Ch Old Orthoptera, Neuroptera, and Triehoptera of the JUford District of North Lincolnshire — James I dley Mason. Some Oiptera of the Afford District, North Lincolnshire. e^ Earpi.i Mas List of Mosses of North Lincolnshire.— j. L The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893— S. Lira Fs Pa List of Mosses and Hepaties of Westmorland,—! e Stable ... Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uflswater.— \1 . Ho A.L. Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1884,— 1 . E. Mai F.G.S. Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants.— Rev. F. A tt ' L.Tfa., F.T i .G.S. I h I z/>er). of South Lincolnshire.— R wl VI. A. s" Bibliography: Birds. 1882 — \V. De Roebi i l in par: at One Shil i En An Illustrated Manual of British Birds I HOWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S., F.ZJ5., etc., L -tor oft ; a i 4 Voliv > of Yarr ell's * Hi y of B Ft Ed: ?. To be completed in al 2Q monthly nts. FSOSPEG I GURYEV & JACKSON Success tsto r. VaN \ 0RS1 I, Pater ter Row. The Ento ogist's Monti gazine • PRICE SIXPENCE, MONTHLY , r.i ?., e. 1 V . \Y, I r '* > 4 - oa all s 1 e, mmei id in l\ lard rtic - ai N jec . conne, gd with I I e ecial - the It e B h Isles, S >n— c Shillings per annum, post free. L01 GURNET & JACKSON -Mr. V :es >, 1, F -* Bow N.IX— A Secon Series was com: \* • *m CE T ■ - ". * *• at ■ ■ i> - V I I L I m » S ... . . ■ v * S>- - IK: ■ * » ^ r .. ■ 7 1 i the ; o % ■ ** 1 ■ BT » 1 . v.'.' I ■: P n * - 1 \ ■ ■ fc C i x w - ^ * *« %> X JL* *,%- V-*-A . ■ : .-■ . -f»» ' ir*- \ * ■»■ A # « i T * *■ f .- - .-.--#.* ^ .**»- " .' '*- -J ■ - r "i w* 1 * » f f*-»*^> ■ . _ r , , 3 fb' L c I ■ B 9| X - 2 C s & n "O a ■ - a b •* — * N Jf ■ APRIL 1896. THE No. 249. ■ I MONTHLY JOURNAL O Natural History for the North of England. DITEO -V DENISOX ROEBUCK. F.Li Bank, Le i> ■ THt A VCR KClAl I GILBERT I &EB.FJ*. RAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S. I ALFRED HARKEtt, M.A., F.C , . RR.rn\FJ - ii T F* i> u 43 r Contents - £ Further Discoveries of Arenana gothica. . North / ■ * 'V. * ft ■* . I « 4 97-1GO 101-103 N ■^ '--r- I ft! h The Land and Freshwater Motiusca of Cheshire. *- # r » Note —Botany , . # * H « I k I V T « * • * - 39-^8 10O i m .Ik w ■- v^ Note-— Ornithology * I i * r * Rare I ; F: an— E, Hn ■ ■" "fv * L : i T- ■ *«* LOVELL RKJBVE £ C ■ ■>■* I £X mJf. * R££T % C "C ' r ( J. UU ABi S •■ "* ! ST< ; r. M ,L e : G M & ■ ■ « ,\ T*P. V - - »-_ Jdk" P- ^^■|i"Miymi1 Trf"*^ •n ■!■■ lai^ni" " — ir ^r* - , . » m. .'^..i ^-fe^^n» The NATURALIST. >•: xfc SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the 'Naturalist' is 6 6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5 - is accepted. 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[Th ra rthandl es» >. 2 18 i. iNat set| H . 20, 1 ar. 15th, 1896. [ he I '1 tol A, . io t : r. 896, 0- ag- H ' 7 5 r5 3 ch 1 *. . [The roe S r oL -, No. 15 h 1896, IL "' iters. - : j am [, \ 5* " ), rch 5 [S. ft xo- urn , Yob 7, 5 ,2 \ Mar. 1 ». A *♦ E ■ ■ • ■ :. ■ . Feb. sni :nes Natiii 05, ! 96. | A .Acrieu Do r »ad I dbrift lie Ns ujd a, la I . 2ft 12. . i : Mai i 1 [II. K. I ec r. - '. ' i . Birds. Sm :A, "). [1 r. .— - I 1 I i^B^ * t ■ j: pp . > I ".—British I acre- 4 , — — ■- ■!» ■ ^jr »-* -^i^ » ** I <■ ? ""y £3 ALE* . ] . ..= i.EB 5, i . . eaw< Fo - J Co* Di M*MM Micro-Geofc v 1 1 -* ' -? - v,*a ■ ■ ■ . , - : I Hi it f i JPi ll. i p * J * **.*/ ■ *f*- ' - >r Apr j AS. SPEiMGER, 8, Sal: rv Pla- H <- A HANDBOOK OF THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA of YORKSHIRE I g a Catalogue of Br sh Mammals. Bi Reptiles, is j.nd Fishes, showing what species are or have. in h aricat periods, bet -und in the c mty. WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., & WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. PRICE 8s. 6d. MAY BI \D OF THE THOR OR OF LOVELL REEVE CO., 5 HENRIETTA STREET, COVEXT GARDE LOND02 EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS. * The authc of this catalogue may t. prid their v which has evu illy been executed with most conscientious care. They have .. ven a she uctory exposition the principl- by which they have been guided, and an excellent brief sketch of the pi al aspect of Yorkshire, and the summary of the r of their inve ; Vertebrate.. The little book is a m valuabl contribution to British zoo! literature *. &* M . NaL Hist. *1 ■ rk is an excel! t one of its kind.'— ... .kg: t. /■ . I f* Q - ? 't PHOTOGRAPHY APPLIi TO TH; Y •> F. W. MILLS, - r * *.r of the C * V *M L S3 bi I * ■ Zl . WIT A CHAPTER ON MOUNTING OBJECT CARTE WHI1 . M.R.C> F.I \L . -> ', _ *•. r** t¥ uai . LLU5TRATED. >-\ % ^ *r\ **\ * * # * * L ■■--•. ; . -- ■- t * a k » * » * * * * - : -7 * * I LI E iT, \V if « B* Street, L reus. 1 ■ -. - - NO CLATU ■ OF COLOU FOR THE USE Of NATURALISTS AKD OEHITHOLOGIST * COMPENDIUM. - ■ : V BERT RIDGWA) the S. ws an n, PRICE t7s POST FREE. MAY BE HAD OF THE EDITORS OF THE ' NATURAUST.' , - s 1 \ r S --. T» » *W -» ■ • . L *' *■*« i A *,' J* & - > J* ■ ■ * I y J* 1 r . i 2 < tt I . ->- a ft ur ■ HI j. - 4T j¥ * \ ■I »" ,r ' ' j '^M ■ ■ * A =* : > I i > * " ?"»'-'■• I I ..-N.. ■ : 1 *- > "* V 1 V u i * * J? V v s j . •- - *■ *-. I - I *4 f *Jl . t - * m ' "Y-- ■ ■T T T * Mt - "> "' • I I »<** i I *. t ~, v a. : i - v _ ^: ■ ft V 1 ! > t 1 . v --r. 'rv* - 1 -? - p ■■v . *-- ^X- *'" c ■ ^ ■" Loudon: W ^u m to:-. \-*' , w Wif ** --' THE NATUEALI8T. the next Jew months it is hoped to insert e following an $:— List of Mosses and Hepatics of Westmorland. George Bibliography: Birds, 1892.— W. D Roebuck, F.I Mosses of South Lincolnshire.— Rev. W. i. Fowler, Bf.A. Grthoptera, Neuroptera, and Trichoptera of the Aiford District of North Lincolnshire E M 8ome Diptera of the Aiford District, North Lincolnshire, - Jamb \rd List of Mosses of North Lincolnshire.— J. La r. The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893.- Lister Petty Paper). Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uli*water.~ Y t . Ho. \\ A.L.S. Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1894. — Rf. E. le Co Vj Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants.— Rev. F. Aur.i Wo ruf P» L.Th F.L.S., F.G . (Em ^fier). mm^m^^m ^■■^■^■■■IBiHHH^HiVMVV^i^HPPBMMHMBiBaVMIPHVBHMPMHVi^H^HMHHHHiiVIB J i Pubh d. Cloth, D> y & \ Pr - nd. INTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHY. FREDERICK W. ILLS. F.R.MJS., Air r of «Phc : Applied to the Micr< cope/ Contents —Apparatus— Light and Colour— Exposure of Exteriors—I e of Interior -Development — Intensification of Nega as — The PI >ty Proc s— Bromide Printing— Autotype Printing— Printing on Gelatino Paper- Counting Prints — Append —Index. I LLUS I' R A T E D . London: Daw v & Waf , Ltd., 6, Farringdon Avenue, E.C KTATXJRJLIL, SCIENCE. ZOOLOGI YCLAT the Aprh amber by T- T. K. R. Step , Pr , K. and r. Air: th >er are: — Revi ptc . IF € fates on the ( ami z i I , £ - ' ' emu , W. B. I - l • ' V a, <■ R Atf I , R. L F f-T. < 3. S. I , <_ Ma, It the Editorial 'KATUB I EENCE'i p • a-fra ber«f ' ! TV AL SCI] T* « * * * *v. - ■ sen 'SI Rait Henderson^ I Lra,22,SL Andrei , Holbom Grcu London, E*( ( 5 97 ■ iswVA 12 (W i I NCA 9 B F. S I ITCH I „L. . SECO*TI> EDITION. • • Afl Re ' : ; - , F T etc., witn <: ^- * J. Ho ai GL ^ ;: & - I, PA EI fOSTER >\ t! B ..." * 3 m - - *w 3 H - i r - 5 : MAY 1896. THE No. 250 ■ONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of England. EDI D BY DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S £• Bank Lee» : r! . as- K :iAL Vrl AU OF GILfcil *KF&. F.F. C F.J.S.. EAGL CI.AKKF, F.I..5- ALFRFO HARKER, A.. F.< C (HAS. P. KOBKIRK, F.f 3 GFO.T. J RRIT'I . FJ > \Y 111 K. F ' ffiontenf -" Or optera, Heuropie and Trichopiera of the Afford District of North * v Lincolnshire. •- > * m ■ On the Nepaticse and Musci of Westmorland 4> r* i- * 133-1* pi ft ■ V • Z * - #*, .*. K a* New and Little-known OFigochaets* y Bii ography : Bird S 1892. . I Notes —Ornithology . . £iti itard In He ■■„' ; No i and Hews B+ B. H ■B , Ba *- * « a * * -Ait il 141-147 147-160 32 ? ■ ■ '■* • . ,A ilt r%i v LOVELL RE* £ LOf : fpm ■ Leebs : 'Bj - :£ »'MMKi(' 4 ' ** '" "" Ml The NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE. It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books sen for review be addressed to ' The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds.' i Royal Dublin Society. — £ i. Trans., Vol, 5. series 2, pts. 5-12, and vol. 6, pt. 1. [S jr. loyal Dublin Soc. — Sci >c. , Vol. 7. pt. 15, v I. 8, p . 3 and 4. [ Agricultural College of New Mexico. Experimental station Bulletin. N 16, Sej 1895 (Ri n Thi . [The College. Index t ) of the Naiitil May 1895 to April 1896. [The Publisher. M rth American Fauna, }*o. 8. The jack Rabbit of the United States. Dept. Agrie. Div. Ornith. and Mammalia, jou I of Malax , Vol. 5, No, 1, Mar. 25th, 1896. [Mr. W. ML Webb, Edit tnnals of Scottish Sat. His >. 1 iptil 1896. [The Editors. Edinburgh, ni. i 10I , Vol. 6 April 1896. [Conei gical , N L 2, N o, 22, December 1895. T. Ca n, et Hat-1 rse Novitates, 1 >6, Nos. 1-4, Jan-Feb. [Frie ander Sohn, pu; merican Month!] crosc I t rn. , Nos 194-5, -March, 1896. [C W. Smiley, Washington. The Museum, Vol. 2, No. 5, March 1896. Walter F. Webb, Editor. En m. Record < Jn. of Variation, Vol. 7, No. 12, April 1 h, ;6. [E ton 1 e ius, Vol. 9, Xos. ix- 2.. Mar.-Apl. I >6. [H. A.Pilsbry, etc., editors, datura Science, Vol. ?, No. 50, ApL 1896. [Rait, Henderson & Co., publi oe Irish Naturalist, Vol 5, No. 4, April 1896. [The 1 -^ North and East Vorkshire £ les, No. 22 ir, ij [Malton M il Hist. J< L Vol. 20, N 174 Vptil .5th. 1 The Editors, V 1 e-2 Vol. 19, 2, A: 15, [J. F. Harting, t r. Mature N es, Vol. f t >- ■ 6, April 1 *6. " [The roe Soc Chronicle, Vol. .1 18 >. II. Watt Si fournal, Vol 0.4 pnl 1896. r. 7 i . 24c ■ \ 1 [Camb. 1 euille s Jeunes . tura -, No. M M \dr \i Na x nnd ! 1 f ,ru fur al ■ rfrc rule. Mug. 4, H< ■ 03, I 14. April 1 of . i, > ■ . 2, « [11. K. >f neb. ie. 11. . 1- 5. H'ul the rs ■ \.r. »l N< Durham . , $q& fThe Aut as I :.— On Some ecent A aucesinBri 1 Pal >I , reprint T! A or. .. P. Di mdL — - de E e d< rente FT * - P -■*■** ■ [J, L>, x? re , H. by.— Pse en itur i.rx ilet, 1896. 2. [Tht ro ,1.— Fr efe! >ce J irv ppl. to ? C - ' ee. -. . 1 >e I ar. «t ies -. an [1 mm I [ n a C A . .t* r^ " r K* V ■ z m< - : ¥k to. 1 mm - ^ ^ .■n rai j d of C ; fr S [>. ^ m.j * &\&*>lx±* . ~— 0_:a.:^!. n tarit ^0 ; j ^ * NATURALIST' REPHTNTS—Ne. 1 LIST OF LAND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF S3T ZROBZERT' ST-A. 3STJDEISr. Thii aper eonta not only Mi n's n rv ons. - t those Darbis- I. Rogers, W. H. Heat! .te, J. A. Hai ea F. C. Lo. H. the ions published I t >r con /* T Q * V # .are reprodi I He: i t and d in Hardy's V* J Price 9d» (By post, 9|d.) To be had from the Publishers of the "Naturalist/ Sunny Bank, Leeds THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF British Land and Freshwater Mollusca * 1892 D by V > SON. VV. XI >N ;L - I .L - J . W . I - .;..> «t%i by post 2 id. ; or 6d. per doz* post free r ist is to- be obtained of the lion \ \ U ". . ( :et, f • I — « . ^H_ V * mav 1 s A ' ■ I - » rv 8 w*w J a ■ ' ■ f 1 u. ■ - Y i iS. : ■ THE FLORA YORK t|TT> JL JL Jl a & * Bv FR1 RIC ARNOI > LEES, VLB et« ■ft w Q*'»l re I wis, wi I ■ .* -> _l . T* * * ****_ A I "f * " . ttiaj ■ ai : LOVI I ■ I ti t et r - ■. ■■t en ; J- t_ if ■ V T» Y 111 J L> ■ I MMKMM9OTiWW«l S ir m . T * *<>* -e * L LA 1 L u PM*4( K./ * .lit kiI < j» _ it n *Vti -- ■ t .> 3"* ir h 1 _*r X L r\ ■ i* * *- ■- J - rJ >- r*t ■ > 'r 5t r* JL 6 i I 17 = JU OMi .-'. --*** i i^-*M' A~ ) IT % i ^J^ '\ r I ' ,-v V »r- J ^ vSv .-'■ ■ j* r THE NATUEALI8T. During the next ftw months it is hoped to insert the following articles: Mosses of South Lincolnshire.— Rev. Ww. Fowler, M.A. Some Diptera of the Afford District* North Lincolnshire.— James Eardley 1 List of Mosses of North Lincolnshire. —J. La The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 15974893.— S. Lister Petty P tr\ Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uilswater. — \\ Hodgson. A.L.S. Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1S94.— Rev. E. Mauls Cole MLA., F.G Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants.— Rev. E. Adrian Woodruffs-Pea L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S. {Eighth Paper). . Bibliography : Lepidoptera, W. Di Roebuck, F.L> NATURAL SCIENCE. Da rierreich '-the great \ XOPSIS OF THE MIMAL KINGDOM— is desc in the May Number. The Discuss i on ZOOLOG V - continued by J, T. C IGHAM the E.r>nr«8 Some Karl Pe . „ . Agassiz, £ Jenger Percifonr At jue's French Beetle^ he Halifax Naturalist, Othe- Contribute to this Slumber ar F. H. Perry Coste. F. A. Bathek. F A. iiss, Henk Bali Thec Gill, W. E. Hoyli -:. W. RtuEis D. Shari I. Scherren'. and the Edit Staff. i other com f the May Nun are :— Artk m Reproductive Selection Museum \W j aica b E. FMjer , Kevi >f Marcoi * NATURAL SCIENCE --free for a cript f Foi TCEsrbHtLt Each Number of 'STATURAL SCIENCE costs One Shilling opies sent turn for *enny st Rait, Henderson ■., Ltd., 22, Andrew St., Holi m Circus, I ion, E.C In D 8: . C />/. 250. Pn (1 S.J. $0). AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DIATOM OIEJE 7 By WM. MILLS. F.R.M - Author • 1 &jt • i ■ '■ 'sc ', ' WITH J± BIBLIOGhBAPHT. 1 JtJLlEN DEBV, F.R.M.S. I : If £ , 3, e Street, Ludgate Cii .. D.C. : The Mi I ttsr, < ny. 1 North -We I I a WALT: HA: E, ?^^^Br 1 Finely illustrated wstn Pno±o-En graving* and Coloured Plates. 'Price I ■ mk -■* f *u» Q ll. cribers ordcriBf bet June30ti 11.50 Money. 10 eenSi U extra for p -ta ■ * «^M i . **V ■'.■•*- !■**■- of r< " rare f Eg* fl A. h :_ JCM* W • * v . £ -X ■l *^* t* r \ ;.«. jt^ * i It ■ tbe^ . an<] . >e« ■ e ■*■ ^ *m ::■ \ 3t ^ Ot ; 'i; if I V ■ ■ ' 4 i M-L ■ « \ A A* ■ P SHfe ^ ; a j * * K - V L * ' V 13m - • *• v ^ >. _ * to ■■-. er B •* : t ' " For the 0^ #h " • of * 1 „ ^ II f JUNE 1896 THE No, 251 A MONTHLY JOUR VL OF Natural Histoi for the Xorth of England EDITED B WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, FJLS., Sun 'I ITH TK ASSfSTAI B IN SP GILBERT -VKEF. F.R.S., i W. EAGLE CLARKE. F.I O.t I AS P. H KIRK, F.I PORR1T1 fiontenfs: ALFRED MARKER, M.A,, F.G.S., W. B. TURN I . F 5 Bibliography: Birds, W92.—Wm. De , I * ■ let -in Re *w : Illustrations O* British Lepidoptera * * 172 Couch's Whiting at Whitfc An Addition to the Yori lire Fauna, Some Dtptera of the Afford District, North Line shire, —ft i ■ » ■- HT3 175-1S0 ■* . -* A Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire PiM /V* ■-. L, . 1 . (l J Pa ■ A * ■ ■ k* ■ 18t-188 Yorkshire Naturalists at Hackfaii and Tanfteic I * > ^ ^" a r Mote—Mosses ■ £ * ■ 17 A evr e I ■ Ptotes — Ornithology . ough Note- — al + - * * W- . ts - ■* jj ■ jB ■ * *» !?4 ■ * Note— Mot usca -■ -, .- ■ — / - IF « * <# fl fe *" 174 Notes and M M • t V F 172, '74 ■ I ts & e :v The F >«&, 1 Ths Satujla >t/ - >r* ibers* & ■>■-. jwl * ;cr paid bre Man: - post nee,. the Leeds- office eel * mi •>** Lovrs.l Reeve & C • 5, * -kietva r$ o f ■' * c ■ v 1 1 M >s " i : * At ■ ■ - - i- j t pi%4Mk *k. ^» ,* The NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE It is requested that in future ail Exchanges and books sent for review be addressed to ' The Editors of the Natural ist, Sunny Bank, Leeds/ ^Wi^BM SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE l The Annual Subscription to the 'Natura st ? is 6/6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5/- is accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5 f- rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for futun years. AH Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of dis- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in which they are given. Hertfordshire at. Hist. Soc — Trans., vol. 8, part 6, Dec. I J5- [Socie Australian } seum. —Records, Vol. 2, No. 7, January 1896. [The Trustees. J, Part 2, received 291! ril 1896. [I. o: Man N.HuJ k. v. Friedianden arO . 3 Oct. - Dec. '95. [Pubs. Philadelphia A 1. of Nat! ci.— Proc, 1895, Part 3, Oct. Dec. [Acadenr New York icroscopical Sens. — Journal, VoL f*, S ,2 Vpril 1896. [Thi net} Die Schw al mg 20, Nr. 1, Jau.-Marz kj& [Or ereins i iea. Manchester Geol. Society. — Trans., Vol. 24, I 5- _ . 1895-6. [The >ciety. Geogr; ay; N< cesof Manch. Geog. > : c. No. 6, May and Tune )6- [TheSocie Revue Bryologique, 23, :me, 1S96, >. May. M. T, Husnot, C iar Sckn . N. >L 2, No. 23, Tanuary 1896, [I T. Carri et arae tes, 189* %. 5-7, April. [Frl ier hn, pubs. American icrosc. Journ., No. 196, Ap 1896. [C. Smiley, Washington. The lust .2 Apr 1896. [Wt err &*- Entora. R 'aria -1, VoL 8, No-. lyl tandi i,J r * The N. . Vol , No. 1, M 1 1896. [H. A. P ', e or: ol. 7, o. 51. 5. f Rait, Henderson & Co., publish The In ... c. lav 1806. [The Editors, Dubhr IheZ : -.., , No* 233 J 15, i& '. E. Hai ire Notes, Vol. 7, No. 77. ay 1 : " [Tbe J Iborne S y- K Chronicle, Vol. 2 Sfo, 17, May il L [A. . Wa *■ Nr rait .rnal, 5 ,. 47, *. - >sl , edit F . >L 7, No. 2. 18 >. j amb. E it CL, U-S* La 'eni es Natsaa , No. 307 >. £3 &drien D« Na: , Zt F. Na , Jahq , Heft 16, ty * [Robeit Oppenbeira. The< VoL ly] , Ma", . --•>. [H. . Swans, edit Edgar R. —A M ner. — Vw . : [The . as. T -Lirnaaga i ret 6.- [To ai R. [< Expc 3 C I ^ *1 41 he Aut T'^ i * I j* f€r,n:v, retk 1596, L e Ma, 5, Vc , i f No. 12. April . *r Ft * 1 ** ** ■ T^« La 1 _: Hjj 5C , s of a shire Nat fe, Sv . tft :or > e.— ■ . -cien T barmy ; & ^ v iS - ' . Bia nb C \. •. ell.—' &I fBh rag, £ eft 18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. Edited by J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. The n t v read ci British EntomoIoL I Mag s. Su! option 6s. per V< isduc g Special Index 7s.), to be sen; > Mr, H. 1 Page, 14, Nettletcn Rd. New Crc S.I Wocdside, Burnside, Hillside, and Marsh, by J. \V. Tu . I .id in CI 1, 2/6. 242 pp. id 50 i ado The British Noetuae and their Varieties, by j. W. Tutt, F.E.S. 4 \ price 7s» per Vol. ( >aratt }.. 1 Secondary Sexual Characters in Lepidop* | tera. yj.v tt, F.E . Price 1s. Random Recollections of Woodland, Fen anil Hill, by J. W. Tutt, F.E. 1 in Cloth. 3s. Melanism and Melanochroism in Lepidop- tera, by J. Vi tt B id i Cloth, 1 2 6- Stray Hotes on the Noctuse, / J. W. Ton F. . Pr .-is. To be ed from the . hor, A ■ &'& *** S ' E ' THE JOURNAL OF MARINE ZOOLOGY & MICROSCOPY, Jl pfainls worded biological Quattetlg. Edited bv J HORNELT ami Dirt f e J* Biolc * 1 November -.ber (No. t)cc ^ * era oterest. the Microscopical Studies:—!. On Lm~er m V - * 1 V » Tl*>ft* c* ill. On e Pe Tunicate, .5" **» * ies dea plea .'e an t fc*# C ed ^V e:- lus . -;e. Annual pti Jer ■-. post free. 1 y : L& HOI L. IL On the F Ann I he three M ■y. Hfe-1. ts of I -v: P*€OL -ITH - W (pv i 1 at e to & Hof W )CK. 1 INDISPENSABLE TO STUDEtNTS AND COLLECTO **n v m n"* OF CONC I E. HO LE t WLA, Contai ains JJescnpl: I *s of ev dOr wit e > nc ; - .VIII. ce: ' l* - Vol III., , v., II- : ¥ 1 - t ..^ - * e Manchester M ^ v 1 rV* T • . 1 . I r pi < f nev- . » * - Jov r. :. H «rl OJOl n ■ 1J » /* * 7 j I at tL i wi " t t D A C * To i? L By G T. POR3ITT, F.L.S. .^ . t '*«/ •- * ■ * -. ** ■ ^^^*™i* ^ 1 - « >* -* . ,- I be 1 I gotaci' let 3* ■. T * * ■- rf To- be ■ ' from- ■ - ^ r - ;s> ' \ v t h t ^»1 Le S 1 THE NATUEALIST. Durin next J to rt the folic ar Mosses of South Lincolnshire. —Rev. Wm. Fowlef A. The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893,— S. Liste Petty (*V Papt . Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Utlswater.— Wm. Hodgson, A.L.S. Erosion of the Yorfcshire Coast in 1594.— Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S. Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants.— Rev. im Woodrl ffe-Pe. L.TJ F.L.S., F.G.S. Paper). Mosses of Morth Lincolnshire, —J . Larder. Gossip on Natural History.— R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S. the 1st of each M ttk % Price 6 TKE ORNITHOLOGIST : A MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. Edited by H. K. SWANN, With tee of ?. W F k ; 0. V. AfLiN, F.L : F. B. Whj ck ; Rev, H, A. Macph A. ; Hi / Hea ote, F.I : G. E. H. Barrett-H ton (Ireland). _ encourage i and re . — Nature. Cor in ide . le : Ornith e field :rvati ^^ ft T U '}■ and News* are c teled _ - merest from all \ r ud :ly. ?ip lalf ~zd ) must be t to . ■ £ & By r. Titchfield ~ I >ndon, W. CITY AGENT: ELLIOT STOCK, 6z, PATERNOSTI. RON Booksei: ) J * SCIENCE. -***_ b*m & rf- a * * - gives 14 page Fnt>] Vol. ■ IE MIT K .-.trachian de bed hv I rl < - the Be r. Hisxjl are discussed by. 5 H. H G. Ri ; 3, a I the Editor. The L. i,< ed L Hyj J* • • N imc Pta I • - i t * . -, < The ! | bee:'- *>*«*»*»■ " . rer i ;v thr The price of I . - ow ,£2 a? 1 sfeoi ; :-• 1L IENCE ' is post aa I 1 :ripi ,3 c Ea K E ;E*cos Oki bil; R r.HEJ OH-&.C ...LiD.. 22, St Andrew „.H< I is t Las ,E>C £ **>* * W - * WPfrJ WV, ^iii U I -7 vji» £ *****> onthly PRICE SIXPENCE. MONTHLY ; py : ■ ^- T. ~. W\ ' L' .. ' !-a M A . FJ r* r.R •; rJ d r T up s, mei bs f& be Bi >&r i, post free. ■ L, a; GUBJKEY t JACES01- lfc¥ 1 ?aors 1 TlitCiiPOil Fatemost Hjw> N — A was j vk i N irf ™y JULY 1896 THE No. 252 IONTHLY JOURNAL OF History for the orth of England DITED BY W M . ROEBUCK, F.L.S., Sunn- B ink, Leed- II THE ASSIST AJ F.I . J. Gil ERT BAKER, VMS. ALFRED STARKER, I., F.G.>., -CIA! AB Cf • P. h kirk,; Gl . .FORR1 I.F.I .- W. TURNER, FJ &.S- So tents Yorkshire Naturalists at Hackfai! and Tanflefd.— £ The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597 1893 Si a Paper). Work for Lincolnshire Geofog br B Uography: Lepidoptera, 1892.- t i • * ■ < >w j*+ fi ' . , r -I * # ■» * + * ^ * Notes — Ornithology . . „ r I ■ ■■>■ - ■ -204- 205- 3 196 T f .. *■ 'Zi* Notes —Co! eoptera * ■» -V A P^ r> ■ i r *'v £ « Mote— Mosses * w * * < ^ **■ * < ' * • \ ^ R m rf . c A > 1 * J* J * 1 f v-r:'-" * * I • - ■ ■■ * * ax * * * * % * * *> sto Commtinicatiotts to be addressed T&& i as," . ' ■ ' ?B NATtJKAJUST, y B LESS!** L rr. ' * ■ L * Y'fc O * .# 5 v 5-^* *- f IB r S ■ r w f '. i ^i - A .* \ \ « r m ^ ■£-. v-r :. -;-> The NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books sent for review be addressed to i The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank. Leeds.' SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the • Naturalist ' is 6; 6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5 - is accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5/- rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. All Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of dis- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in v s ich they are given. Northamptonshire N; t. Hist. c, — J irnal, N< 61-64, for 1 5. [Society. ki iir Nat. Club. Proceed! js, V I 15, No. I, for 1 . [The pekl )ffi ogic Sock Lend- . Trans, for ear 1895. [The >cieiy. Chester S of Nat. ScL— 25th Ann I Report, 1 >5~6. [The Sc \nna Sciencias Nataraes— Aim* 3, Ji LbriidelSoA juste lanch. Geog. £ c 3 V II, X . 4-6, April-June. 1S95. [ [a: ralist, Vol 1, 1 June 1896. [The . >rdsl ■ .1. J —Tr ruary I. 6. d, k. v. Fri .n,Nc. Jarh-Marz/90. [Pu -. . V* A"* Vol. 2. N x. Feb? . [J no. T. Can . > 10, . [I ier can M . Jou k [C. V The ' .iurri I ay 1 896 [V er F. V ob Ent< . 5.4, Ju : tandi ;th, . 1 .16. [t. r. L 10, 2..] >. [H. A. PiUl ■ etc., « - ric h 7, :, -. ■ . [B t, Hen 1 b i :ra , Vol ;. me 1896. [The E 5, North and I it Vor x 24, ?via 96. alton I t S H .. Jours , V L 2 No. 1; ; e 15th, 1896. [The E * 3r eri< .1 N 2 j., June 15 i8g [J. F- Harti - • tu totes, Vol. 7, > , ] 1896. " ~ . [The Se Na ral an e f ' L 2. 5 $,Junei896. '.. [A. H. " ral >urnai ? Vol. 5. No. 4 an - iSr. I Efxtcai . J .;ie i >6, [( 1 * V at Fed > Na No. 3c Fui FM. Adr ♦V I ^ - ! T 5 1 hr^. 4, Heft 17. 18 [R- ' >PF ae. VoL 2, N [Mr. Lisi [E. ! [. ^n : e * I 5 ■ t! *t 7 * ■ v r ■ - .. • -■ . , — ; I V w t * - j- " *> I . - ■ i- V A i _ . * .* 1 I - <.. 1 ■ -^ - _.'.'. ..- THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, 1892. Compiled by \V. NELSON, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., and J. W. TAYLOR, F.L.S. Price 2d. each, by post 2Ad. j or 1s. ed, per doz. post free This List is to be obtained of the Honorary Treasurer (Lionel E. Adams, B.A., 77, St. Giles Street, Northampton) or of the Honorary Secretary of the Conchological Society, who may be addressed at the Manchester Museum. In Demy 8z'<7., Cletk, pp. 250. Price 12 - [U.S.A. 3-5°h AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE IATOMAGEJE 7 By FREDERICK WM. MILl . F.R.M.S. Author of * Photogrt hy A < * u * V WITH -A. BIBLIOGBAPHY. By JUL! X DEBY F.R.M.S. London: Iliffe & **e Circ . Wa: nwTc D.C. : The Micr< ■ - MI Y :Vc . ■ * * t w-- id THE FLORA OF WEST By FREI UC ARV U 1 \ ■-' < -* . LG« ie m • recc of 1,04 Li ,cc M^*. \i* " *r A V*i * -. ■T^» -4 ■ ■ •* ^ r . - T "* - t #**£ L- LOVE 1 * » i ■ .L. * . * :. i . ■> ; e t - * ± JO A * T* I * EX >VJ *K . ■ • -■• .&>*-*■ 1 * UV ^ RK NATURA Awl *w * «_ ' ' ' HE Zi ■ tST : T. E. Has - . F.I - p 13' J,. . * < rt v *s ft "-:" T A *. - ■- - imp ™ta# - * - 11 - * r \ ■ ■:: ^ * V -* «v ' r I " -* \ ™- - » * - v - 1 ;. . * ^ < *» ■ t ■ - ■r - { 4l Tf 4 1 «. - .« t:,.- 1 ., -" "% L* . > f ■ ■■ A. ' -1. ^t < 1 i * * V Y *4 - . ■ ■ Wm ■ 4 '■*■ wv -irt 4 w SI *^M ^ ^ « :»< J .^ *" *t~ ■* * ^ -Hi — iditHMtmV" . r' i V '*-S V ej. ■ . ■ ■ THE NATUEALI8T. _ n Tnt td to insert the following article Natural History Notes from Skipton Churchwardens A. BlRTWH TU History -Tho £PH 1 X ^ Mosses Rev. Wm. F m " w r. M.A. W Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uiiswater.- nf thi* Ynrkithire Coast in 1894. — Rev. E. J Erosion DGSON, A. L.S. ole, M.A., F.G.S. Critical Catalogue of Uneoinshire Plants. - L.Th.. F.I .G.S. I Paper). Mosses of North Lincolnshire,— J. Lardi Cossip on Natural History,— R. H. Bl or F.R.C.S The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1 Rev. E. Adr Wool ■ fe-Pe acock, c* L fer Petty (a *?. Bird-Nestiner in North -West Canada. BY WALTER RATNE, thoffl'aphing and I T inadti. Illustrated with Photo-En gravingrs and Coloured -" Price $2.50 ; 10s. 6d. English Money. extra Ti >k act intofco! the North West. It bes trateresu trt innipeg n si c °f tQe . Roc* andi s, and, asm acted i ha wide t :t ofee manv rare t ceding, It g full account of the N tug Habit of manv rar secies. It r Pi of many N 1 1 J a red Plates of E of Yt PI arope, 1 etc. The 1 of the F * r :d in any on 4 . n» 3 r««M»^i: British - American Or it de he and . , fm h occur in Earope :casior Send in rc r a !in In Fcop e pri -:. Fnr iW ^ nn vA-niAtir.ft nf Rntflish snhsrrihfirs. t.hft Editors of * The Naturalist' will boo receive L N TURAL SC ¥ NCE - ■ at* be v D R. I. Pot: : e lai B R. 1 R . F. G. revie ■ R in Con ' tea ■ ttl? K 4f ; - P- L. tTB » i .j -_ < Notes c -pecie.- xa e in ■ A rTH, . E. F. "'■ C > a: ■ i ra> > v CoJ ars and Mincer '■ :h fioof: J ■ ■ ■ TO N , 1 ■i A > ,LSC!EN I *Fo: 1 VT1 NfCE its C - ... g - » l -r » ■ * ' ' - R H •* L 1,2, Ire ,Hoi1 Cii -,L^vy -C ATU CO FOR THE USE OF IATURAUSTS, AffB lb 2 OMPEFDIU -. &-*- £ WA'i o - US: t - ■ —pjjl*^ I CE tTs~ POST FREE W. Y : i 3 ( ATI L T. v I ■' . r *^*i A ■ I ■ " AUGUST 1896. THE No. 253 1 A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Natural History for the North of England EDITED BY WM. DENISON r FLS > Sonny Bank, Lezd* ; WITH THE ASSrSTAKCK IK *FFCtAL DEPART J, OF GILBERT BAKER, F.R.5 F.I ..S . W, EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O,t\. ALFRED H SKF.R, LA M F.G.S, CHA5. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., PORRIT F.L. W. I RNER, F F LS. Contents: doptera. > S :uli. .■ Note— Hem iptera ** ^ote oiog Notes— Botany ^ — . Notes and News 1 ■ "■ ... . > ■ ♦ * uf*r / : - *- I * * , a t* Ml Z? - t& .-., ■ c I u - . . m -a A *~ * * * 1 ■ li ^ * ■ - ■ i » v • i ***■ > ■ : * ■ - . ■; ee* n j i * ■ »+ ^ ■ . * I i i « J - T •r* I A i > v r ri a » *',* 241-24 ^ _ fm _ «*, *j' ^-*r t# W* :*o 44 "■#"4 (?%-**■« 24a c^:;:. Co mwica >s$ TH2 ../*-.. ffS ■■>- r T" t.MJ Q -*► L."- fecnL &&' &£ BWW^ --■•■ --j If gai : t&\ K.LL R»S¥i \ ♦* ^ *-W" 5 j KRl - 'ttl C INT'Ci C U irn *r M '4 \.C "J** ' V ^ ■ * *T fc ^■r^l ■ ■ ■ - The NATURALIST SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the 'Naturalist* is 6/6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5/- is accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5/- rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. All Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of dis- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in which they are g" en. BOOKS RECEIVED SPECIAL NOTICE. It requested that in future all Exchanges and books sent for review be addressed to * The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds. 3 Hull Geological Society.— Trans., Vol. 2, 1 ^5. [The Soc lanchester Microscopical Society. — Trans, and Ann. Rep,, 1895. [The " ^ Carditt Nat. Soc— Trans., Vol. 27, Ft. 2, 1894-5. [The Society. Journal of Malacology, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 25th, 1896, [Mr. W. ML Webb, E tor. Annals c Scottish Nat. Hist., No. 19, July 1896. [The Editors, Edinburgh. Jounuof< neb ogy, Vol. 8, No. 7 July 1896. [Concholog cal Societ) hiiadelphia Acad, of Nat. urnaL Vol. 5, Bfa. 49, July li 5. L. Mosley. E 1 ft) irau of Entom*, VoL 7, No. 243, Jnly 1S96. [Cami Ent. U-b* A, Natur & Ha . III. Zeils. f. Nat abrg. 4, Hdt 19-20, 1896. [R. Oppen sm». ■Lmk< Amcc N esand < ieries» ^ I 5, N 55, ! y 1896. [The wcs. i tcrhoi ;gh Nat. I st. Soc— 24 Re] , Dec. 31, 1895. [The ety- John I. arrinc \ Label Li>t • Vark es of British 5- banded La I Shells 8m, NJ fFIie ri ? - 1: Kor'fce Swans.*— A O Han j1 FBriti , 8« f cloth, 1890- "TheAutr r. of Man dbtiL— 40CG plate* in portfolio. 1896. r&rcus W ■ cC ■ > 6d. THE ORNITHOLOGIST A MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. Edited by H. K. SWAMM, With the assistance of J. Wh ker, F.Z.S. : O. V. Aplin. F. !..>.; F. B. Whit-loot ; Rtrv. H. A. Ma hekson, M.A. ; W. Henry Hi ficote, F.L. ; G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton (Ireland). * BtfA this addition : the ranks qf scientific journals, and trust that U will long e to encourage obserz-ation ami research. — Nature, Contents include articles by leading Ornithologies valuable field ol rations, revie .etc. Under ' Notes and News are chronicled passing events of interest from all quarters. A high- plate ts included monthly. RiPTi. ,., half-yearly 3s. 3d ) must be sent to Jo Bale & SOS S5-87, (it. Titchfield St, I W. i TV AGENT: ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1 (And ail Booksetlet ) The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine PRICE SIXPENCE, MONTHLY. 3 ited by C. G. Barrrtt, G. C Champion, J. W. Do la W. W. I iwi.sk, M.A., F.L.S., R. * Lacht an', F.R.S.. E. Sau ers, F.L.S., and Lord Walsi- ham, F.R.S. This Magazine, commenced in 1864, contains standard Articles and Notes 011 all subjects < nnected with Entomology, and especially on the Insects of the British Isles. Subscription— Six Shillings per annum, post free. London: GUBNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst's Successors); 1, Paternoster Bow. N.B. — A Second Series was commenced with the Number for January 1890. Just Published* Cloth, D y %vo* Pr - tie& EXTERIOR & INTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHY, FRED RICK W. MILLS, F.R.M.-. Author ( * Pi v Applied to the Microscopkv etc Contents: — Apparatus— Ugh ^ nd Colour —Exposure of Exterior — 1 posuxe of Interiors — Development — Intensification of Negatives — The Pladnotype Processes— Bromide Printing — Autotype Printing — Printing on Gdatino»ChIoride Paper — Mounting Prir \ppendix — Index. ILLUS r R A. T E D . L idon : Dawbabn Ward, Ltd,, 6, Farringdoa Avenue, EX. o. Clo, . 297 Jk ■ Map and 12 itlm .it ions 9 IQs. &£ THE BIRDS OF LANCASHI by f. s. arc hell. ■■» . ECOND EBITION i Am ed by Howarv £aun , EJL&, etc, yj R» j. Howard and othe= local a ale. ( RJiE* *» ■ lAV,A^Vif . **■ •-*-«► •VTERNOSTr 10 If, Van ¥00* S xessors) THE NATUEALIST. During the fe-" months it is ho : *rt the fotloit ■ ' articles: M North Lincolnshire. —J. Larde Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1833.- S. U Petttt {Tenth Paper}. 3* Accounts.— A. Bn "ri.a. Natural History Motes from Skipton Chun Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants,— Rev. E. Adr W L.Th„ F.L.S., F.G.S, {Tenth Paper). Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1894 — Rev. E. M m, M.A., K.G.S. riora of the neighbourhood of Lake Uilswater.— Wm. Hodgson. A.L.S. TV. ACOCI UPPER TEESDALE: PAST PR] SENT. By J. BACKHOUSE, F.L.S. DOG by the Author. CONTAINS CHAPTERS RELATING TO §A . NCIENT HISTORY, FLORA, ORNITHOLOGY, &c <2«9 Lon no \ ft * * * * Simpki Mas u-i Co. Ba sard C rue * *- / * * * \V. R. Ai , SCIENCE. A ' f H- B accou, f the late i PREST ■ .Pro'- >r Coxv .. -. : ; L I , of Wa H fi Pre res r, •.. ; Von W eu - *oo| Pit I * th-. P :c al he '■■ I , * er t <- tf - P . w . . - ,-> ; C ■*. ' ••-■• ' - ft .A & p ■ Lyell-o i * ■ ' . ■ . AT an A Specimen t . esse* ! */« ■ r a ri Fra , I ., st ""■ HM o i r ■ c 22, St. A: rew St., 4b r*- T ■ c ■w .•T P ■-/ w T T ■ ♦ \ * '.' .>. . W. MI - •-* ■■■'■ - > ,-" *. ***** * 'W ** .* T \ r% top* I 1 , 4 +t- M -r r !l 5 . L ^ . ■ ; ^ ^** *■ - *r n i , - -, t ^ ..- IL.LUSTRA K « fib A- E **- * ^ ^ * * ■» TT' *7 ^ r. * * * * * .£. I p ■ . v * L F- - *- . .S r^ v Swat 1 ( ?*%* SEPTEMBER 1896. THE No. 254. MONTHI RKAL OF Natural History for the North of England. e i < ; r e d i v w vr. ROEBU* K, F.L> Ba Lc - ' ; % THE A± rA' !M. D? MEN! OF K . T C ■ r KE .-^* £ \ Al HARKEE, M.A., F.G. CBAS. P. HOi , F.I Gl PORRIT : S . B. TURNER. F .R.M Contents Specialisation of Leaping Legs of Locust.- Cr&wiker, FM i Nat urai History Notes from the Skipion Churchwardens' Accounts. A. £ kistig * * ■ A * * * ■» Review : An Anglers Paradise Review British Aculeate Hyrnvnoptera. Lincolnshire Naturalists at Grantham. ~~K On the Hepaticse and Musci of Westmorland. - - i Some Account of the Surface Geology of the District Worth of Grantham *' * i * * '. ■ — / Note — Le d opt era ■ ■ ■ *t 4W. - ^ * ** * 1 * r 1 * * ndgt. * * * 4 U 259-270 271 272 27 277 wimf ft 28&- **■ -TW* V^' Jtotes — Botany e Form se n 1 'ci ■ * * i.t •••- ». . \ ■ •• .^fc. .. I N U I C a -„ Worms ♦■ ■»- - *■ * <* Haxr-'Vi ..:; Note Ornlth ogy ^ ■ i ivtf .-*- a ^ »»' »^ *r. « - ■ ■■-- ^tes and News ■ t ■ ■ ^ • ■*■ W it << 7 * *- iS* * ^ '•'.:. r * w t ■ •r « 1 J* » > ** * « ■**■ ^ ' r a pv^r^ n 4fe4 71 The *s» Lov*. , ■*» & *^~ *V 5DALE « 5» -.,.-> Liw & i . P :-5N S.TI Si 1 . ■ » "b I il ■'.> r ■fa I? ■j — 51 i «E v r% I :-% ' ■ l>*. ^ s. ■ - - . . -I • ■ r - - L L ■ flUfftf — . Ttpii ii i - L * . H. . 4 , . r«MMPP -_i_ The NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the 'Naturalist* is 6/6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5 - is accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5/- rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. All Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of dis- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in which they are given. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE. It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books sent ■HBHR^^' for review be addressed to i The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leede Marlborough College Nat. H L Soc— Report, No. 44, for 1S95. [The ciety. Manchester Field -Nat. and Arcbseoto^. ts'Soc. ? Rep k Proc. 1895. [The ciety. Warwickshire Nat. & Arch. Field Club.— 40th Annual Report, 1S95. [The Cii Nuova Notarisia, Serie VII. , Aprile, 1896. [Dr. G. B. de T oi, Padova,Italia. Agricu iral College of New Mexico. Experi mental Station Bulletin. No. 19, April 1896, Report of En moloi , Part 1. [The College, ew York Microscopical Soc-— Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, July 1896. [The Soc DieScrr Ibe, Jahrga; 20, Nr. 2, Apr: [uni 1896. [Orn. Vereins in Wiei er Geo! y.— Trans., Vol. 24, Ft. 9, 1895-6. [The Soeic Annaes de & aacias Naturaes — Ann, 3, No. J, Tulhode 1S96. [ Augusto Nobr< The Halifax Naturalist, Vol. i, No. 3, August 1S96. [The Editor Naturae N v'v es, 1896, N . 11-13, Juni-J i. [Friedlandei bn s pu La Feuiile des Jeunes Naturalistes, No, 310. A 1.-96. [M. Adriexi Dolifu The Onuth ot I, No. 6, A 1896. [EL K. S« nn, Ec I tfordshire Nat, Hist. So — Txt 9, 1 rt 1, June 1896 [Socle nee Gossip, N.S.,^ L2,Nos.26-; fu lagu iq6. [jno.T.Carr >n, Ed. \merican Mo. Microsc. foum.,No. 199, July 1S96. [€. W. Smiley, Washini The Museum, Vol. 2, No. 9, July 1896. [Walter F. Webb, Editor. I m. Record & Jn. of Variaii :, Vol. 8, IS , August isl . 1896. [Editor. rhe Nautil V. 10 4., August 1806. L A. Pilsbry, etc., Editor li ;ience, Vol. -. No. 54, August 1896. [Page & P , Publisher The Irish Naturalist, . 5, No. 8, Aui ; 1 >6. [The Editors, Du N asl "orkshire nence Note o, 26, j uly 1 896. Mai ton Nat. Society The: ist, 3rd Sems, S I 19, No. 236, Aug. i> 1896. [J. E- Halting* Edi « ure N V« Vol. 7. a 80, Augu 1896. [the ioinc ,e, V ,-2 ! ..2,. Aug li *6. . II. Waters, I Na rail 5*; umai, I _ , Au t 1896. L. Mostey, j r P ioura.of Eat* 1 oh 244, August 1896. f<. ■. Eat. C1-. u-b- &• NafcH H QLZdl tr, Jahig. 4, Hei 21 1 6. [I H< . I L ( ~Fr ^93**5» p^W. i"8g& S I Nat. ( -*j \nn • art, f% . [T C iar.d Nat. Field L~~Re< ■ Pfcx 189 [The to can Fan 1, N r ji , t >. [0.S- Oct At La NaUu za 7, R 23, 18 de Ag ^96. [^ i owie ^e, . , No. iu. aber i8§^>. 1 l .5 Geo, iMasiee.— A Revisloa of the Genw Coprimes. Repriol, Svo, June w ras.— The Cblfec 8 Br: hat ar q, E i h, i> o. (T f * In parts > at One Shilling, Svo y with Engravings. An Illustrated Manual of British Birds By HOWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc., Editor of the 3rd and ^th Volumes of Yarr ell's * History of British Birds. 1 Fourth Edition. To be completed in about 20 monthly parts. txURNEY & JACKSON (Succt ors to Mr. Van Voorst), i» Paterru er Ron mmmmmmmmm^m INDISPENSABLE TO STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY Edited by W. E. HOYI fcf.i Contains Descriptions and I ures of New Species and \ ties Suca Lists, and Original Articles, dealing with all departments of the cice, 1 he leading Conchologist if the day. — Vol. VIII. commenced January 1892. \ I.. IL TIL, rV., V., VL ul VII ^ This Journal, edit 1 by Mr. W. E. Hoyi ;, M.A. (v. a be : fhe achester imj, is the or in of tl logical members it is supplied in return f the s ip( a of ts annum. Forms of pr il of new member may I from th retar . . wl m be addre *d at e M u ai, Manchester. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF British Land and Freshwater Mollusca 1892 it.Bt>.ny W. KELSON, '. I ■ ISON* >EBCJCK F ani> T. 1 TAVI F.S..S. I Price 2d. each, by post 2id, ; or is. 8d. \&r doz, post free frfiTiV 1 ^ Tin Li to I ed . Honoi \ ; Tre rer MBL E L 77, St Giles Stree Northamj or of U H y Seer - - icl lexical Sod ay be & re the A HANDBOOK OF THE TEBRATE FAUNA of YORKSHI Being at v. ae of British Mam Re bs* S what riesareorfr ** ■ s« ! »nd . WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., & WM. DEI ROEB . F.L.S PRICE 8s. 6d . I A LOVELL K - i ST >"■ EXTRACTS FBOM REViE 8. i ithors of l w. ast atsdc .are. 2 g " s ^*P al to ansa irifc. -.«^^.. *' - a -,-....-. ' : fare work is ax. ' ;fe; ™ THE NATUEALI8T. Durin the next few is ert the following articles'.— Mosses of North Lincolnshire.— J. Larder. The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893.— S. I er Petty {Ten Paper). Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants.— Rev. F . Adria Wood ffe-Peacoc L.Th.. V. .L.S.. F.G.S. {Tent/i Paper), Cn a Section in the inferior Oolites of Scarborough.— j H. Cooke. F.L.S., F.G Review of Prof, W. C. Williamson's Reminiscences of a Yorkshire Naturalist. Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1894.— R> E ; Cole, M.A., F.G.S. Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake UHswater.— Wm. Hod \. L.S. NATURAL SCIENCE. SEPTEMBER, 1 I nu itere -Vrticle on A ibkr (Illustrated with three origi; H -. er explain the ne for org g the varioi ^ local scie ties. Dr. Oh i ;;s an ftl Swedish Expetl n to Tierra del Fue_ map r. C arl ■ V.. an , of Up tributes the first pa r t of a paper on the Graptolites (illustrated). \ ns- Zod I Bii Pitfal an^ Hydroc A maphro* a! P*^r c ' . ewage, tne Courtship of Gra per> Rt . AJ up-- date nt Other I. * * i, ,l *. * E- . H. Ca . H. ' L, etc. NATl X SCIENCE eeforan . J Suhscr; lofFocRTi ! ber of ' NATUSAI NCE * costs C iiix Sp iien copies sen n return f&r * any stamps. fLt ■ .., Pace & Pratt, Ltd., >rs to Rait, Henderson Co., Li 22, St. Andrew St., Holborn Circi London, E.C "** • : and Des< of every peer ill I. i- ■ ■*& _i_ W A r -- - Bfa. _ AKHlAl. ■ r ' l^t ^h iBt ^ ifcilli illfc *^h_ -^BB* .1^- — "fc ,,-R. _■ fV ■■ mot cf 'heir reserve au l etc. ; tilt i#b . . e varieties ptkai h* Terence: .shard ■ tifjr. T- *p>' eoNc ^ *~ h*4 0/ - .-■' #* . .:■■>»- :W Referees, f\ l Or' C ai'AL Dl Rll ON I LI * -r » AI *M& J ■ I D \ VDA; ar- the Aal v * V.LFD. SlCH, F.E. ' SECOND EDITION LEEDS: TAYLO! R iTHEl 5, ii 6 ■■■"- In B * *. -A £ . .' / . 250. j .j, i * TO T V F THE X)I-A.TOiyCJL 7 ; • '■ Jt X * ^ \ r t ■ .* *; WITH A. IBLIOGBAPHT 9 ; ■ ■: ! f T ^~; r " - W V ; cs 4 *■ I * h :■. •^ v l T k ^4k *f ■ ■- 1 -^ :_ *^^ a- «*h ■ If «rt OCTOBER J896 THE No. 255 MONTHLY JOURNAL OF History for the North of England EDITED BY DI sISO ROEBUCK, F.L.S mi anl , L IT HK / ClAL Di F J. Gil I RT BAKER, F.R.* W. E/ CLARKI ,lf.IL0J LFR HARKER, , F.G> C T H€ KIRK. F.L> G] POKR? F. E .TURNER, R.M Contents: A Section in the Lower Oolites of Scarborough.—/ % H. Lincolnshire Naturalists at Bourne.— i?£T\ E. irv^ Review* Prof. WiHiamson s Autobiography.— . .. Diatoms of Sleaford District, 1856.- Bibliography : H niptera, 1889 to 1893.— >emsm A Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants-- 2S3 2 293-298 » * ■ * * 2 a mime . ; " '-.' - .. £ I C* nen ♦ * * > - ^ A 1* * * * * * * » *7 * * + * ■* * * A * #■ *> m Review: Manstoban Flowers.— \ .. Ripp -ma ed Sandstone at Gnmesthorpe, Sheffield. ■ tn Note — Mosses 1 ire L Note— Worms* i - -Rn 'let m lam ma I Lanca . £, Pet i - Not©*— Ornithology , b? i *■ + W "* ■ .* | * * * t» i * * 30^ 305-308 3.09-318 317 8 319-32.0 •HO * » ■w ?— ^ ' P. ¥ • ' 1 1 the S ■ - ^ iff ■ ase r* ■ •i -Notts — ■ ■ ' h'u ■ ■ - " •-* ■ Lep y * * ** V acebr : .; H * ■ i . ' ^% **% v^ Note— Ferns . ¥ N e — FIs 1c I eptem r 1896." [Jno.T. Can b»E< American Mo. Microsc Jours., No. 200, Aug. 1896, [C. W. Smiley, Washii m. The luseum. VoL 2, No. ic, A 1896. [Walter F. We h r * atom. Record Jn. of Variation, \ oL 8, So. ;er 15th, 1896. [E tor. fbeNas r Vol. io : : 5, September 1 o, \ L Pilsbry, etc, E alS 1. 55, Scpte er 1896, [Pa.. Prs , ¥ h f The Irish, aim list, V I .No. q, - r • the Editors, I The, ist, 3rd Seri ol. 19 ». 237- p, 1 , 1896. {]. 1 - Hart: \ tor. Na >ie . 7, No. 81, £ pt< >er iSq6. ~ [The rne r ourn. 96. [S. L. f * * ofE u, 7, No. 24-*, . j6. [ ! u Eat. ' la II L Zeits. £ Natur., Jab . 4, Heft 23 [ - Op La Nap Tomo 7, a. 25^6, Sep e S , I fJ I urc Wa^ — b ? Sfcraci Rept C B , 8 1896. ' The •■ • : . — 1 to Sttw J , c 1S96. [ j Traci s ~-V Tu — I sects : J iders. :, life-Hi -' ;r ' ; J r p- ers. Qr J. W* Tui -Briti -■: :.r \ m ■ »L C . 5. : 0. ..: . v k ttk ■» P* Now ready, S . , prki. 6/- ? post free. LIST of YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S. Contains copious records of the localities, &c, of th 1,34a species of macro- and micro-Iepidoptera known to inhabit the county ; particulars of i<,cal ri< on in species ; with ail other neces ry infer ation on the subject. To be had only from the Hon, Sect ary of the Yorkshire Aural Union. WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, Sunny Bank, Lee -. Now ready , a 'plete, 8 , cloth % with C aurtd .*, price £1 is. od. THE FLORA OF WEST YORKSHIRE By FREDERIC ARNOLD LEES, M.R.C.S., etc. This, which forms the 2nd Vo: * of the Botanical of the Transac perfeap ie most complete work of the kind ever i for any district, including detailed and t records of r.044 Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogam* 1 Characeae. 3 M es, 108 He 258 Lichens, 1,009 Fungi, and 382 Freshwater Algae, making a total of 3,r6o specie London : LOVELL REEVE & CO., 5, Henrietta reet, Covent Garden ; Or the ;k may be had from the Hon. Sec of the Y.N.U., WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, Sunny Ban Lv T m ■■ ^^^m V/11A ON NATURAL HISTOR THE ZOOLOGIST: A M hiy Journal of Natural History. I by J. E. Hartin F.I % Original articles, by well-known Nalur; very branch of Zoology, n S3 on the habits and occurrences of Quadrupeds Birds, R tile she.*- Melius use . Price is. BIRDSNI" n: ; AND BIRD^SKINNING : . ete Be tit>u d e Nests and Eggs of Bin Br Bri , By El \RU OND Edition'.— \ th EHrec for Coliecti: nd Preservation ; nd 'hapter on Bird»sl sing. By Miller ( m :. CIc -ara, Fp. 8v pr: \ is. r \ V ■ 1 v Very good inde d can be thoroug 7. * A e ■ ■ . - so- : — nrn. A wonder iworth > <*p* London : WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, Hatton G rd«: Bird-Nestins: in North-West Canad Y WAL R HAINE, 4 Ltik t»d Print- , ? Finely Illustrated with Photo-Engraving* and Coloured Plate*. *I ce 12.50; 10s. 6' h Mom /Hi iot . in.ftrj 4^ * ^T_\ ft..' • *m~ ***■ .... s. ■ ." ■ ■■ .*: ■■ ■■ •■ 1' ■.\re : ?• " f ..', :: " ■ f ■-- • * JrwU9i T ^ 1 V A t*Jmr* L ^J^tMmi ^ AAA Sent! i... VvlvUi - - . ■ 4 ■b y ■ \ i : yr%i J/* * F«'the< ?enieni ^ ^ 'THt'lSB tes at lis THE NATUEALIST. :i feiv i ; it is ser the Jot irt *» * % Hepaticas and Musci of West m or land. (Third Paj ). Report of Lincolnshire Boulder Committee.— R W, T %. Algse Collected at Roche Abbey.— J. X. Bibliography : Land and Freshwater Moiiusca, 1890-1. Bare Rants near Workington.— V . H Yorkshire Naturalists at Staithes,— 1 H ll, M.A. Mosses of North Lincolnshire.— j. La The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893.— S. I et (7 th Pay Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants. —Rev. E. A iia Wo L.Th.. I . F.( ■ Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1894.— R kls, I.A., F.G. Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Utlswater.— VY Hodg Dr ■ K NATURAL SCIENCE OCTOBER, 18 ■ A of re ■ >rap 4 * »r ■:C III c - X. \~ * ■ ' . a, t . " ■ Or Fra *~n *-^» I IVCV D~to-t Re ■ ;*1 C s: t* **& I he - *r+\ I* I N TUR IEN*. f ae - :nj ti E . Nun er of * JL e *$"/?. &£ r Six pe>- ' - ■* & » n»— »■ I L i . Ltd., to R. Hi roi son L 22 ? L Ar v rn Circus, London, E.G. THE JOURNAL OF MARINE ZOOLOGY & M IP ■■ PY f Jfi plainly tsorJ $ 13toio# al (Suarierlr t I I . H .. 1 1 - - ' 5*/ -V*. f genet d lo©§«fc ; Ga.l Section :•— I. IL Tiv ::. i ube~bi A ^ aous in 1 * - e^'" u " <..:.':.-. L"^*.I :-::•; C^l>haloi>o4 -. V. Tt>- H . l[ .2 Cl'J ■ ■ , ' ■ . -. John D VI, A liter twccpiCEu Studies s— L i *, li. C « Ft em "xre but ' ■ : '* L£ • CK. * ■ ^.'.:f^ numbers, 6d. i Annual Su.bs-':Hpr.:-""- ^ -~. : * 3'**$ L* S& O Fvi^f L os : ELLIOT PRIG XPENC E I THLY ■ € G f : ■ _ J ( ,- L^ * ■ ■ t:^ ■ T \ ■ I %- & I .1 ' V 1 * A- * T . : a r ■■" - - ;.. . v ;e-^ .'»■ .-:'- -■ 1- Sn ■« u *• ■4 > M -»* ' J. V si: ■ ■ ■ vj» 4% ... ..-> :1 ■:-::. - : the loste ; M ■ Y & JACKSOP Mr, ¥a_... So i ?■ nc 5^ « .k?* e r r . . -t * : ^^^ ■ ■ i- *. " »A -,■•-. NOVEMBER I896.^^^^}i£ No. 256 M A V I ^ L \ for th Xorfh ( Enoland ? : !'t 1 s BX DEI >X ROEBU'- K, I i I. -II I : ■;■ -1. ■ H H( KIRK I ■ w ci i r.i liu - i l K, . - r i 1 s R! V. . . ** (Eotiicitt The NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the ' Naturalist ' is 6/6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5/- is accepted. be accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. All Subscriptions are for the entire year, and notices of dis- continuance do not take effect until the end of the year in which they are given. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE. It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books sent for review be addressed to ' The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. Soc— Trans., Vol. 3, Pt. 2, 1893-5, 8vo. [Soci f. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durb. Newc, Vol. 13, Pt- *, i«9 6 - f>ociet; Australian Museum.— Report of Trustees for year 1895. [Tbe Trustees. Notarisia, Anno 1896, Vol. 1 r, No. 1, Jan. -Mars. [Dr. D. Levi-Morenos, Redattore. Nova Scotia Institute.— Proceedings, vol. 9, part 1, 1894-95. r ^" st ^ U , t .!° n * f, Vol. 5, No. 3, Sept. 30th, 1896. [Mr. W. M. Webb, Editor. Anna of Scott 1 Nat. II -, No. 20, Oct. 1896. [The Editors, Edinburgh oum. of Conchology, Vol. 8, N 8, Oct. 1896. [Conchological hociet} .ievue Bryologique, 2 Anne, 1896, No. 5, Oct. [M. T. Husnot, Cahan. The Halifax Natural Vol. I, No. 4, October 1896. [The bdit s. iral Chronicle, Vol. 2, No* 2 1 22 iept. -Oct. 1896. [A. H. Waters, bdi r. Journ. of Manch. Geog. Soc, Vol 10, N >s. 9-12, Oct. -Dec, 1S94. , [Society. Natural Hist. J01 "ol. 20, No. 178, Oct. 15th, 1896. [The E tors, \ork. La Fd feunes Naturaiistes, No. 312, Octobre. 1S96. [M. Adnen Dolltuss. The Ornithologi . \ L 1, N , Octo! 1 1896. [H. K. Swann, Editor. rience Gossip. \ 3.^ 2, No. 29. October 1896. [ jno. T. Carrmgt ha, \meri lo. Microsc. Journ., > 201. jpt. I 6. [C. W. Smiley, Washu on. The Museum, ol. 2. No. II, September 1896. [V Iter F. Webb, Editor. Entom. Recorc :fn.oP tion, Vol. \os.8. >, October ist& 1 5 1 1896- [t d - the > mtiius, Vol. 10, No. 6, October 1896. [H. A. Pi ory, etc., Editors. tura: Science. Vol. 7, No. 56, October 1896. [Page & Pratt, Publish* The Irish N Vol. 5, . 10, October 1S96. [The Editors, Du in. The Zoo ist, 31 . 19, No. 238, Oct. 15, 1896. ft. E. Ha ng Editor. Nature >tes, '. t. No. 8 2, October 1896. [The Selborne boc Journ , \ . No. 52, Oc r 1896. . L -„ Mos ' T E T T he: journ. of I om.,VoL 7, No, 246, i 1896. [Camb. Ent, N b»I11.Z< N Tahi 5, Heft 1 1896. [R. Oppenheim. La Xaturakza. 1 no % J m. 27, I >re 28, 1 . l& € eo Nacional : .deo.— A ,. pt. 5, iS- [j- ^^ ******* Li ores . 5, 1 Qcf [S96. [The Ld in Great Brii 1 and Ireland.— Dig€ by W le Clarke. [Mr. fote Cordfiaux. Tr ; pp :— On another S Ion 1 t ed Inte ciai Gr HokLe less, 8? repric , E896. ^ "\ Pei F. Ker . — l ®e Po^ icene Chasges of Physical "iphy P Yorkshire. 8to, repri . * Hie * [gratic are British Birds' Eggs for Sale or Exchange, eluding * ik Kt hi ,Bu; beaded D as and- » Fiili d a. Also 700 1 or e orde searij p &. E. Bi v H idea, 5 i_ .-V » TUCKWELL : LINCOLNSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. No. 92. Several sandstone blocks from the same old waif, mostly squared for building. g$. Basalt, r ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. x 7 in. Irby.— Roadside opposite Rectory gate. No. 94. Dolerite (?), 3 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 10 in. x 10 in. Irby.— Road-side by school room. No. 95. Basalt (Wesley supposed to have preached from itK Irby. 2 ft. 1 1 in. x 1 ft 7 in. x 1 ft. 6 in schoolroom s 0. 96. Red granite, 1 ft. 9 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. x 11 in. 97. Secondary sandstone, 2 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft 6 in. Brocklesby.— Few yards from station. NTo. 98. Primary sandstone, 2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft, x 1 ft. Brocklesby.— Chalk quarry close by station. No. 99. Basalt small, ice-scratched. Brocklesby.— Gate-post two fields off towards Croxton gravel-pits. No. 100. ( aartz, 1 ft 8 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. x r ft. 2 in. Ulceby. — Chase farmyard. No. 10 1. Basalt, green, one side flat and beautiful!} striated, 2 ft. x 1 ft 8 in. x i ft. 3 in. Kirmington. — Boulder clay above brickworks gravel- pit. \~o. 102. Rhomb porphyry, small, depth of three 4/ NS -rib ■ 30 Varieties, over 10Q Specimens, boxed, named, and localised • » » 3 - by Parcel Post, on receipt of Postal Order. Address : R. CHARLES, Naturalist, Highcliffe, Chnstchurch, Han We have h I the 1 asure o? ce in% a Ik t < ~*ne of Barton, etc, sent by R. Char s, Hh e north- in is almost as far a cry to Hamps re a Si Vwe, and so his opportunities of reaching term j wit * iddie r.. rocks and e very narrow iml M hark m a i< *gist, tryin.; to re ' \ the m bringing the 3 Hampshire fas? >r by the medic the I s I us zlndi xt pecies, rq -en d bye ?n « an extrt y mode, e price. ' Th esa >&d; m of the Bart well known to cc xton.mad * Cfcarte name re *. It ■ I M 1 9iw *^ to be d red that here e - e bosiast : cf* each of our great forr * is le in « k- iw>*v> ♦*»««*. *mA *u n in tk* mt*>. f he ..ence * ;ch profits f-n esor -fiar be which; I we ope nt. 1 <&r :a: ' e " fa I THE NATUEALIST. m T IfV wfc +r T! it i 1 /; i u s : Hepaticae and Musci of Westmorland. Bibliography : Land and Freshwater Moiiu Plants \\ . H< Yorkshire Naturalists at Staithes. Rev. J v \ 1 H \ A I TW ^iSr^^^^^ %Sr North I- (Third Paper). W K L. \ Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-1893.— Li r P« (£ iionof the Yorkshire Coast in 1894. -R . V O Lake \Y i. H ; 5. Lincolnshire Naturalists at Great Cotes R E. A. Woov Pungrus Foray at Selby, September 1896.— C I i .Y.l^., I Chemistry of Common Plants.— P. Q. K LI..1 Review of Montagu Browne's Artistic Taxidermy. H :iii R.M. Adams Review of Henslow s How to Study Wild Flowers Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants. UTh., I v D 1 . - vv k-^MHBHHHMBiWHHHBMHBAiHMI NATURAL SCIENCE NOVEM BER, 1896 In the >> V-l N • ■ ■ clc Li - I X. W. icribes .r L B. I es and Cora Pre . A es i to * * t 1 > ■ ■; *• ; U^ ■ ■ fc. \tYW * * -I * ' V% -■ . - . I X* X "/^L- -V * •ooieof i! ■ .••.'■ da til P! ■ ; in ih< , I I ■r *AL - I ^B <:. ■V r £. «■* - J* >RS TO R ■c i ■ ■ I V ( sod s T .? Heni < ... l 22, AndrewS Circ , L< do E.< IP TT- TEES Lv. * ip- p E S E N -*• *^r^ L-*« A .n^ : > ; — - * A e v :.. x t I « ■ by the \utfc map •r dMp a A -jf CONTAINS RELATING TO ANCiE? T HISTORY FLORA, ORNITHOLOGY P 1,,^ * ( '. . JP jt»I - / - r V ^- * t i > i XI i ■r hfl te 3 DB ,*» X North of En EDITED BY ROEBUCK, F.L.S., Sunny Bank, Leeds ; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IK SPECIAL PEFAR TMWTS OF L GILBERT BAKER, F.B.S., F.L.S., CLARK ALFRED HARKER. M.A., F.G.S-, CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S. , F,I ►V. B. TURNER. F.R.M Union Boulder Qomm K , U\ T*cfax Species Found.—* S» i <**<* -365 Natural History in Upper Teesdale incolnshire Naturalists at Great Cotes.~ite. £. Adrian -?** L.Th„F.L.S.,F.G,S ■ * * 3er~3T2 J Lincolnshire N * 4 ■ * » * * * % • -9 m « * "• 36* V- «-U»pidop»»- - ^"Scarborough-/. //- * : Od a2 ia a ta . Clifcen 3 .pare ^^iuujw^ ■*£»_,**•,«*; / -" Carter -Chas. Oldham ; Acheron tia a Bradford-/, i I . C *r*F ; 354 * « * * * * # # Note— Moliusca Siug-^ in the Gov: % &u. W« Notes— Mammals .. ■• ^^ ia Fare Dr *nton- Bat in erb} re— € , i » "* "«*" ^^ *s\ x. Pi r- Notes— Ornithology .. t ;** • *; erloa Migration of the R I -/**» ® * ■** F ■ Note—Trichoptera .. Stan ■ - , : at;lt«iU«0it Notes and News *- v 354 3S5 ■ 4. « li 353 T» » page, Preface, and ndex to the Volume. - ■ t HI **■& 4 Si * Lovsll Bxmm & Gi S LONi S : KKRXE1TA SfTMBtlV'-l C M C 'C SQ* AI 4 Co Lm Rl>, Oars ISEET, Lse.i ; -S ako fc ftk. E.G- ; v-a. —. —-^ taU-ta--, The NATURALIST SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE NOW DUE. The Annual Subscription to the * Naturalist ' is 6/6 per annum, post free, except when paid before the 31st of March, when 5/- is accepted. Subscriptions in arrear can only be paid at the 5/- rate when accompanied by a corresponding number of Subscriptions for future years. year, and notices of dis- continuance dc they are given. BOOKS RECEIVED. SPECIAL NOTICE It is requested that in future all Exchanges and books sent for review be addressed to c The Editors of the Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leed British Association, Liverpool, 1896. [Rev. E. P. Kxrabley. Excursion Guide. — British Association, Liverpool, 1896. [Rev. E. P. Knubley. Brit. Ass. — -Various papers relating to Liverpool Meeting,i89t3. [Rev.E. P.Knubley. British Association, — Toronto Meeting, 1S97, Preliminary Programme. [Brit- Assoc John H. Cooke. — Notes n the Globigerina Limestot 5 of the Maltese Islands, 8vo. reprint, 1896. [Author. British Association, — Report of Conference of Delegates and other papers, 1 FCorreso. oc. Committee, * 1 r. y'i. The*. .Natural t, Vol.8- No & 1 10, Jan. to Oct. 1894. [TheE exField tb* X oc. Glasgow. — T ions, Vol. 4, pt. 2, 1894-5, [The : ty. Bv the Geo!. tm itnth of the I iversr of UpsaJ -Vol. 2, Part 2, No. 4, 1895. [ Tae J J es Let s 1 ophical and Literary oc — Annual Report for 1895-6. [The Society ngham Nat. Soc— 44th Asa. I and Trax >r 1896. [The Society, phy Notices of Manch. Geog. Soc. No. 8, er 1896. [The Society, ■■lanch* er GeoL v — Trans., r I. 1, Pt 10,1895-6. [The Society, Natl wi 1 1 19, Sep O [ ed lander & Sohn, \ u of t achology, VoL 8, No. 9, Nov. 1 j6. [C nehologic£ ety. Re' pie, 23© Anne, 1896 4 c 6, Sept. -Nov. LT.r t 9 i ban- •cle. Vol 2* No, 3, Nov ber 1896. [A. H. Wa E r, 2 H: . journal, Vol 2G ? No. 179, N . 1 ;h ? iS T fee Editors, York. a Fev Je *ai-ars >tes» No. 313* N abre,i%6. [M. Adrit ollfuss. ace i , X. :• VoL 2. 7>. >, .;■ iber 1896. o, T, Carringtoa, £ A- can M« Hero*. m. s . j. 2Q2» Oct. 1896. [€. - alley, Wa; ** The un, VoL 2, I .12,0 -eriS*- . ' [Waiter I Ve >, E r* tit Rec l&j ■?., toft 11 ft &- 55th, iSg6 1 1 •, I . J f N< i ember 1 [H. A. Pilsbry, e , Vol. 7, J7 S Novemb >6. Pratt, Publishers. The I . : . n, November 1896. * [The I *rs» D cl T ig6. [J H&rtint ** Nature t«, 1 r f Ko. 8 November hS« {The m- tue Sck "~ •ttm irnal, Vol. 5* . 5 *rr *r 1896. fS« L Mas , 1 i f^yche: n., ofl oe ,7, t. 24 1896* | paafa* Eat ^ T - S» ate ralexa,. Tom ?, Ki 1. 29 32, Oct. 1 8 Nov . S & ig& * e British Birds r E«rs for Sale or Excfean * * ** ef%I te»'-Ka wasted Goose , £ headed' Duck, Palla an I fcfc. A 1 joq varieties Ibre^n ^. 3me orders nearly A, , Haic a, : '^ INDISPENSABLE TO STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOL f\f% Edited by W. E. HOYLE, M.A. Contains Descriptions and Figures of New Species and Varieties, Geographical Lists, and Original Articles, dealing with all departments of the science, by the leading Conchologists of the day. — Vol. VIII. commenced January 1892. Vols. I,, II., III., IV., V., VL, and VII, may still be had. This Journal, edited by Mr. W. E. Hoyle, M. A. (who may be addressed at the Manchester Museum), is the organ of the Conchological Society, to whose members it is supplied in return for the subscription of 5s. per annum. Forms of proposal of new members may be had from the ?cretary» who may be addressed at the Museum, Manchester. In Demy Jfew., Clotk^pp. 250. Price 12/- {U.S.A. 3*50}. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DIATOMACE-E 7 By WM. MILLS, F.R.M.S., Anther • Ph mpky A "// to the M roscope,' e. "WITH .A. BIBLI ■ ' " ^ " ' ^ f ■■'■ -— gnu y " '— ^ ^»" ■■ 'Hg m - " ' V RR.iL? London : Iliffe & Son, 3, . Bride ! feet, hm ite Circus, Washington, D.C. : The Micro.- ical P lishin f.a v TO GEOLOGISTS (MIDDLE EOCENE •? x U 1*. ak I nr T ;-< ■ ■ - ies* vi 30 Varieties, aver WO Specim&mSi boxed, I *aei ■■ iailata, I pon-ect a I ... . Car ., Qstrez ectnc Chm sqmeeaffssL, T amed. and loeal ■* * 1 * A I ■.he c - *^ << A ^ -n v ■ ■ I m - I 1 send me Se 3s. by Parcel Post, on receipt of Postal Order, Address : R. CHARLES, Na- list, HighclifFe, Christchurch, Hants RECENT TE Y1 I 1 ALS. . +v ■ r w lUCCi p: ■h V ** J tfMI . ... .. : ^ ■ . M ■ > - ■4- :. * : sl^ I t % r ■ , * fc^i 11 ": ' . a. .. . 1 - TM# WO 1 *■' a 1 * * f"'V . f < V : * I - -ci u a * "J* , ., ■ ft > -- * I -v ■i fcp/Kice. -i i ■ . . w * A ** 5 y 4 ••■£-*■> * ■■ -■ , --—„■ - ■ ** - »>. . ; ■ ** v ' ■ ■ THE NATUEALI8T. During- : nexi V months it is /taped to insert the following articles: — Hepaticse and Musci of Westmorland,— George Stabler (Third Paper). Bibliography; Land and Freshwater Moilusca, 1890-1.— W. Deniso Roe F.L.S. tare Plants near Working to n.— Wm. Hodgson, A.L.S. Yorkshire Naturalists at Staithes.— R Joh Ha ll, M.A. Mosses of North Lincolnshire. —J. Larder. The Constituents of the North Lancashire Flora, 1597-18:3.- \ L ter Petty (Eleventh Paper). Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast in 1894.— Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S. Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake UHswater.— Wm. Hodgson, A.L.S. Chemistry of Common Plants-— P. Q. Keegak, LL.D. Review of Montagu B i w w w' s Artistic Taxidermy,— H iry Crowther, F.RM.S. Review of Adams' British Land and Freshwater Z .eiir.— C. Oldham. Review of HetWloWs How to Study Wild Fiowers.— F Arnold Lees. Critical Catalogue of Lincolnshire Plants. — Rev. E. Adrian" Woo drcffe- Peacock. L.Th. f F.L.S , I .G.S. (Elezrnth Paper). The Position of Annuals,— A. H. Pawsok, F.L.S. Cow-wheat and Buck- wheat*— Rev. E. Adrian Woo oruffe-Peacock, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S. How to take Notes in Natural History. — Gregorv O. Benom. The chief feature in the December Number is a list of 26 specialists who are willing to assist writers on stratigrapbicai geology in the determination of their fossils. Prof. L. von Graf article on ' Zoology since Darwin' is concluded with the discussion of Geographical Distribution. Dr. F. G. Parso plead- for the publication of still more details in Comparative Anatomy. Dr. A. Keith cone les his introduction to the study of Anthropoid Apes with an account of the literature on the Gibbon. If r. W. L. Calderwood, in an article entitled * Cunning in Animals/ gives what might be bed a he philosophy of a i -hunt. Among the books reviewed one notices Wheelton Hind's Monograph on Carbonicola. &c. Row VV s Records of Big Game, Lydekker's Geographical History of Mammals, HensJow Study of WiKi iwers, F. Groos' Die Spiete der Thiere, and others. The Notes and Comments contain further remarks on the recent meeting of the Bi Association, and son jotes on Collecting, on Variation in Snails and elsewhere, &i n some recent vagaries of publication. Price of each N r umber, One Shili g. A luai Subscription for 1897 reduced to 13/- (pc free), which should be sent at once to the wn Eessrs. Page & Pratt, Ltd., 22, St. Andrew St., London t E.G. fust t. Coloured Edition 10/6 neti. Unco red Edition g n & If by post $d. extra. THE COLLECTOR'S MANUAL OF ritish land and Freshwater w * I Pes ipr . f e jeck an a .- > H Prese . a I Arrs , etc.; the Names ant' i the Table g the Difference: :£es har Also* iffi ' permi ■ * and R Tr " S T1 • C C0M1TAL 1 K>N y LIONEL ERNEST ADAMS, BLA lustz ed ■ fMi > T %, Alfd. Sich, F.E.S., and the A ^*mirm«WRi^imi SECOND EDITION LEFT : TAVLOR BR- THERi- 1896.