JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN VOLUME XXVII, 1926 PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE DAVID LYDIG FUND QQ" JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR MARSHALL AVERY HOWE VOLUME XXVIH 1926 Published for the Garden T LIME LANCASTER, PA THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS ERIC S. aces siden PH LEWwIsoH ADOE Tenry W. pr For Vas President Kennetu K. MacNee ?, K, Srurcis, Vice President BARRINGTON Moore oHN L. Merritt, Treasur J. P. Morcan .L. ee Secretory Lewis RutHerrurp Morris eay DE ‘Former ane Frenertc R. NEwBOLD ICHOLAS Murray Butler H. Hosarr Porte HARLES P, BERKEY Cuartes F. Ranp LD. VATH eee M. pee OBERT DE Forest Henry HILDS Fric GEORGE 1 N ILLIAM J. Gres Mortimer L. Scr A. Harrer LAM Boyce THOMPSON OSEPH : HENNE W. AN i a Wales Mayor of the City A New ¥ or Faas s Dawson Gal ALLATIN, President of the Deion of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Har Pu. D., Chairman Freperic S. Lez, Pu. D., LL. D. eRBERT AI. Ricnarps, Sc. D, CHARLES P. ‘Be RKEY, PuD. H Nicer Murray Butter, Pu. D,, LL. D., Lrrr. D. Henry H. Russy, Wram J. Girs, Pu. D. Grorce J. Ryan GARDEN STAFF N. L. Britron, Pu. D.. Se. D. oHN K., MA Lt, Pa : \. B. Stout, P A. Rypsrrc, Pr. D. ERCY ILSON 1. H. Russy, M. D......... Honorary Curator aus the oe Pte LIZABETH G. BRITTON .....e0seee eee eee eens norary Curator of Mos. fary E. Eaton risst ENNETH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Ga one opert S, WILLIAMS eee natalie Assistant Torasapuro Susa, M.S.Ac., echnical Assistant . M. Densiow, A. M., D. D. -Honorary Peas Hs Local Herbarium B. SoutHwick, Pu. D. 2... eee Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds HN R. Briniey, C. E. Landscape Engineer WAtteR S. GrorsBeCK Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR J. CORBETT ...........-.- Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds MEMBERS OF THE ee eapiaiainie te Dr. Robert pone Edward D ay ue Alexander Jin LA hn 7 ‘Annhincloss eorge : tes - tephen Field ro . J. Gies Daniel Guggenheim es Guggenl nry F. Osborn Chas. nue Pack jy. Morice ry Ha: ufus L, Patterson Edward S. Harkness Henry Phipps Prof. A. Harper .R. Pierso: T. A. Havemeyer James R. Pitcher A. Heckscher . Place Hon. Joseph P. Hennessy H. art Porter Frederick mre ae Hill Charles Rand Anton G. Hodenpyl Joh L. Redmond von M. HOncneen aden “Mls pee Adrian Iselin rof. H. M. Richards Dr. Walter B. James Toba D. Rocketaler Walter Jennings Emlen Roosev Ott . Kah ‘of, H. H. Rus arwin P. Ki: y George J. Ry: Prof. Frederic S. Lee Dr. Reginald H. Sayre dolph Lewisoh: Mortimer L. Schi Frederick J. Lism: enry A. Siebrecht Kenneth K. Mackenzie Valentine P. Snyde: V. Everi acy James Speyer Edgar L. Marston Frederick Strauss W. J. Matheso: Sturgis George McAneny . Thayer hn L. Merrill Charles G. Thomp: Ogden Mills W. Boyce Thomp: on. Ogden L. Mills Dr, W. Gilman Thompson . de la Montag Louis C. Tiffany Barrington or Felix \{. Warbur, J. Pierpont Morgan 1 M. Warburg Dr, Lewis Morris Allen Wardwell Robert T. Morris H. Westinghouse Frederic R. ee Bronson Winthrop Eben E. Ole Grenville L. Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. Robert Bac sie Elizabeth Bilings dward C. man . Hill Mrs. Fr ede rick C. Hodgdon Mrs. Iter Jennings Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. Bradish Johnson Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs, Delancey Kane Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Ae rs. James Roosevelt Mrs, Frederic thur H. Scribner . Lee [rs Ar m A. Lockwood utr 8. Mrs. Wiltia Samuel Sloan Mrs. ow Charles H. Stout Mrs. David Ives Mackie ve eron G, Strong Mrs. John R. McGinley Mrs. Henry O. Taylor Mrs. Pierre Mali Mrs. John T. Ter: Mrs. Henry Marquand Mrs. Harold noe Turner Mrs. Rede Miller Mrs Cabot War Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham Mrs. William H. ae HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE arn COUNCIL rs. E. Henry Harriman s Olivia E. P. Stokes TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 313. Al Botanizing in the Higher Alleghany Mountains—I. West Virginia... An Attempt to Aid the Natural Propagation of Hemlocks t 192 Forest Resources 2 the Northwest and Their Conservation Carnivorous Plan sor - Profes: handles “Bob rr Bequest a Helen C. Inslee Conference soe tes for November Notes, News, and Com Accessions No. 314. Fresruary A Dwarf Planta The Origin and oe of Soils me in the Higher Alleghany Mountains.—II. West Vir- and Tennessee Giga “Exploration of the Yellowstone National Park Botanical cae of Ceylon Notes, New and Co nue Accessions No. 3t5. Marca Musa in Tropical Americ: arden. ork Sta Public. Lectures ‘uring Febroary March and April Notes, News, and Com: No. 316. APRIL The Awards and Prize-winning Plans in the Small Garden Com- en ing in the oe Alleghany Mountains—III. North Carolina. Bee muda Lilies at the In — Flower Show Conference Note Notes, News, and eommens No. 3 fay Further Botanical Exploration i in Porto Rico: ceva teeta Paleobotanical eee eon in a ‘0 Rico Some Recent ‘Accessions i the. Living Plant Collection St 106 Publications of the Staif, Bie ial oe arenes of The New York Garde ah Yea I otanical Gar during the Year 1925 ...........0... cece ee 08 Public Lectures during } ae 115 otes, News, a Cc 116 Accessions 117 No. 318. June Cycads T2y Further Notes on the Flowers and Seeds of Sweet Potatoes ........ 129 A Portrait of Mrs. Daly 135 Conference Notes for Man ch 135 Public Lectures dunce Tay a August 136 Notes, News, and Com 137 Accessions 138 No. Juy Morphology of Pollen Grains in Relation . Plant Classification ..... 145 Why are Chestnuts Self-fruitless 154 viii CONTENTS he Pe ne of Narcissi (Daffodils) ............. cee cess renee Varia ion redity, and Environment in Relation to Evolution .....- The Desert ena of the Southwest ...............20000 0+ The oe of ase a as Notes, News, and Com ose No. 320. Aucust Tropical American Plants at Home.—V. The Climbing AU ae 169 Plant Arrow-poisons: Their Sources, Preparation. and Effects ...... 174 A Historical Review of te. Study of Fossil Plants ...............4- 177 Iris and Its Culture 181 Poetry in the Names of Flower 182 Notes on Birds in ae os "Garden 184 Dr. William E, Whe 186 Notes, News, and Commas 186 Accessions 188 a = SEPTEMBER The Saw-pal at —Ser rep 193 Botanical Travel in Pera and Chile 202 The Swamp foe ess 205 he Botanical Congress at Ithac 207 The enon Conference on Flower and Fruit Sterility ........ 209 Mrs. Gilman Thompson 210 Public eas during Scntember and October .............0.00.005 211 Notes, eine and Comment 212 Access: 212 Immuniz: Reef-building and Land- lonfing Plan 232 Fourth Grant from the Income of ie Cee: Budd Robinson Fund.. 234 a Birch me -miner 234 News, and Comment 235 ‘Abcessions” 239 No. 323. NovemMBer The Royal Botanic Gardens at oe England: sticancteeee a ete 240 A Visit from Dr. ae oo W. Hill 243 Difficulties in Prop: 245 North American Ain ine. Arete Vegetation 248 In British Guiana Jungles 250 The David ais Fund “251 The 1926 Dahlia Collection 252 English Gardens 254 Small Garden Com mpeti ition, 1927 256 Public Lectures during November 259 Notes, ae and Commen 259 Acceesions: Gy ect ceca ee 260 No. 324. Drce Records of paren in The New York Bonnet Garden Tropical Garde Th Islands ae The Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes Fund ............... Winter moe and p monstraticas taeda ieee aan tay Nae News, and Com tad to Wolune XNXVII JANUARY, 1926 No. 313 JOURNAL | OF Cape ements 1925 Kennetu R. Boy: FOREST RESOURCES OF THE NORTHWEST AND THEIR uy Cc GerorcE B, Ricc CARNIVOROUS PLANTS Joun HENDLEY BARNHART PROFESSOR CHANDLER H. H. Ruspy “*BOB WHITE” ELIZABE’ Les Britton BEQUEST OF HELEN C. INSLEE N. L. Britron CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN = Art Lime AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. THE Sctience Press Bene ComPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., — ubscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden yi THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperrc S. Ler, Presiden James F. Kem Henry W. DE Forest, Vice peas! ApotpH LEWISOHN F. K. Srurats, Vice Presiden KennetH K. MACKENZIE Joun L. MeErrity, Treasurer ARRINGTON Moore o dbs TION, Secretar: J. P. Morcan Epward) D. ADAMS Lewis eee) Mone Henry DE Forest BALDWIN iShisnyaenie R Newino Nicuoras Murray BuTLer VATH HARLES ND eee “CRATA Forest HERBERT i RICHARDS Cuiips Frr Henry H. Russy Wit.1AM J. Giles GerorcE J. RYAN . A. HARPER Wi1aM Boyce Bea JosrepH P. HENNESSY W. Gi ee THOM ae Se Wa ker, Mayor of the City of New Yor s Dawson GALtatINn. President of ihe Besartment of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS . Harper, Pu. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NicHoLas Murray BUTLER , Pu. D., Freperic S. Lee, Pu. D., ean D. ie brrr DP): Herpert M. RICHARDS, Sc. D. Wiuiam ip Gis, 1ehse, 1D) Henry H. Russy, M. D. GerorcE J. Ryan GARDEN STAFF Britton, Px. D., Sc. D., rae Dee eee pan ee Director Oe MarsHALt A. Howe, Pu. D., Sc.D Sele teh ares ate eee Ass’ on eee Joun K. SMatt, Pu. DY NSCAD sa Sacre Head Curator afi 5 A. B. Stout, Px. D. Director of the hee A. Rypzerc, Pa. D. Curator H. A. Gieason, Pu. D Curator Frep J. SEAverR, Px. D. ArtHur Hotticx, Pu. D tantst Percy Associate Curator PatmyreE DE C. MitcHrLi Associate Curato' JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A. M., My ID) sin. wer ae ooleeeireiel= Bibliographer eae H. Hartow, A. u fabete H. H. Ruspy, M. DA AN Honorary Curator “us the Economic Collections Euizazeta G. Brirron onorary Curator of Bosses Mary E. Eaton ist KeEnNETH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gardener Rosert S. MECHAM Admini. Assistant Hester M. Rusk, A. M. cal Assistant .M. DENSIOW. ‘A. M,, D. D. .... Honorary arenes ee ‘Loca Herbarium E. B. SoutHwick, Pu PAD ceca era Cus: of Herbaceous Grounds Joun R. BRINLEY, oes ibe scape Engineer Watter S. GroesBECK lerk and Accountant ArtHuR J. CorBETT S i dent of Butdinn andiGrounde JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVII JANUARY, 1926 No. 313 BOTANIZING IN THE HIGHER ALLEGHANY MOUNTAINS.—I. WEST VIRGINIA Is summer vacation of 1925 collecting in the higher ies Motes of ue ginia, West irginia, North Caro- lina, and Tennessee mn, Director-in-Chief of The New rk Botanical Garden, pels d remain in the field for e field and nee 3,000 her. anion Mr. John T. Perry, road and the nights at tourist camps, C ppl stw: m. a the Fire Warden's se at the ae of the Shenandoah Moun- tains. The Bina! morning we crossed said mountain range, whic now constitutes a United States forest reserve. ountain had a ne Alleghanian forest flora clear to the top of the 0-1,600 feet high. We stopped only at one place and botanized for about half an hour, I 2 just after we had crossed the summit of Bull Pasture Moun- tains, where the road makes a wide curve around a naked ridge fore i i lidum, and an undescribed species of Vaccine in together with Ceanothus americanus, and Rosa carolina. Among herbaceous plants may be mentioned Heuchera pubescens, erie neodi- Convolvulus spithamaeus, Hou stonia bie i racca i thonia spi H e adde pee laafaltone es serpulifolia, Zizia cordata, Juncus tenuis, -Lnychia canadensis, and .1. montana In the evening, July 14, we reached Montene ey and camped by the old mill north of the village. On inquiring about the best ie high er slopes we entered a eel pees forest of oaks, maples, aaa ts, hickories, etc. The undergrowth consisted of such plan s Po Peeatine trifoliatus, Rubus carolinianus, R. ea OR. canadensis, Grossilaria rotundifolia, -Igiilegia coccinea, ce theria aa Viburnum cassinoid A give way , Pinus virginiana and P taken by two species of pine pun and the scrub- ne Ouercus folie: The highest point ie ie 3 mountain consists of naked cliffs forming the precipitous south- t and took us to the wagon road about two miles west of the pass. We returned by this road over the pass to our cam Two days later we visited again the top of Panther eae it day on this t by the trail mentioned, and spent most of the bl land. We fo oO our surprise that the flora e was nee Alleghanian. It seemed as if we had suddenly been transported to the sand-barrens of N’ ersey. The soil was evidently very shallow, the y places and a few small springs e wood flora consisted mostly of scattered pines, mostly Pinus virginiana, but in y places P pungens had taken its place. I growing the large-toothed aspen, witch-hazel, mountain ash, an le choke-berry Paitin atropurpurea) thes re eee erbs, as ae yellow ladies’-slipper, the bristly sarsap: villa, as hispida), three lycopods, bunch- rry (Cornus a nsis), the oaks hack erry (Rubus his- pidus), etc e open places v found ae stretches o Ericaceous and Vacciniaceous plants, 0 mixture 8s, al a mix oO rthern and Alle anian ane as Mensiesia "plse, Kalmia int g ia d arou: spring further down gq o o wa a 5 ary a > 5 = om a Qa ia] a is] aq a > o Cy hn buds are those produced at or near the nodes (joints), b n the axil of a leaf-scar. O spa a two kinds: phate ie ose that are located above the axillary buds—and ith, when present, is the usually soft central part t of a stem surrounded by the wood. It may be defined as follows: abundant, greenish, salmon-colored, or ae bowel: eponey or ear : Bark is th eri It is protective and serves to keep out injurious fungi, and to pre- vent excessive loss of heat and moisture. In some shrubs and trees the bark is thin, smooth, and flexible, in others thick, rough, or deeply furrowed and brittle, while in others it is sometimes flaky or shreddy. o one character can be depended upon to separate the plants of any one family. An iacues of this is found in the Olive Family, of which the common lilac, privet, Golden Bell are familiar examples. In the lilac and privet we have a scant con- tinuous pith, while in the Golden Bell the pith is either cham- r oison Sumac and Poison Ivy by their large, dense, erect, pyramidal fruit-clusters, which are of a reddish-brown color, and are non-poisonous. 67 Birds occasionally feed on these fruits when there is little else 0 eat. In the autumn one is often attracted by the brilliant red foliage and pendulous grayish fruits of the Poison Sumac, which is is all unda: some of our swamps or marshes ne instance that I recall, three small boys gathered armfuls of Poison Sumac r church decoration, ll who came in contact with it we badly poisoned, oke from fi which dried twigs and leaves of Poison Sumac were b has caused serio illness. The Poison Ivy is undoubtedly known to all, if not to the eye, at least aa its aie ous effe ts. ome people are na of our forests, but appears perfectly at home in the ash heaps, pillar as he prepares to spin his cocoon. The large, ugly-looking creature that feeds upon the com pound pee of the Ailanthus seems to be very much awake to the fact that he is here laboring s coco over a distance of eighteen | ane and secures the main leaf- the other leaf-stalks of t The talk was Hee oe numerous specimens and prepara- Percy WILSON. 68 HISTORIC GARDENS OF NEW YORK STATE? Long Island has been called “ the garden spot of America.” It with them many cuttings and seeds of fruit trees, together with the love of horticulture that brought them success in the New or! Robes t Prince was one of these early settlers, and in 1737 founded ae first commercial nursery in the New World at Flush- es The aenbutdy sea introduced by the Prince nurseries, be- came ie most popular tree in America and was considered the c inces were alee devoted promoters of the native silk in- es having large plantations in a number of eu cities. of the Chi garden to protect the nurseries. At the time of the revolution the Prince business was so extensive that 3,000 cherry trees, for which there was no sale, were cut down and made into hoop poles. 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of is New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, November 7, 1925. 69 In October, 1789, the year of his inauguration, the first Presi- dent of the — States, W. aaa visited Flushing to inspect the Linnaean Garden of William He remarks in his diary oe oe aad of the piace i ae ed us what trent te.” rope were poor in native species of trees. In all of Europe there are only about 85 species. Great Britain has less than a lozen native species, while North America has more than 400 n ie an. tulips brought into the country. They created a great furor and ere the Mecca for ae from far a near liam Robert up the nurseries, which he did as a scientific rather than a wi . Tor trees and wild flowers in * Califor rnia with the same eagerness that others there sought for go In time other nurseries came, and in 1838 a commercial garden and nursery was started by Samuel Parsons and his brother There are many rare varieties of trees in Flushing and vicinity. Robert Parsons, the veteran nurseryman, once said that the man- 70 ner in which Flushingites worshipped trees amounted practically idolatry. ee st before her death, Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett, while sitting beneath her favorite tree in her garden, wrote “ As long as one has a dance one has a future, and as long as one has a ea ne is alive.” sides seanaeally colored lantern-slides showing homes Pes is of historic interest, the speaker showed many others illus- trating artistic and elaborate gardens in various parts of the state, especially on Long Island. Last, but not least, the Federated Garden Clubs of New York State ne you to help make and keep New York the “ State Beau- tiful.” Do your part in the work toward the Restriction of Bill-boards. Preservation of Scenic and Historic Places. ncouragement of Small Gardens. Keeping Roadsides Clean. ES JOHNSTONE Paris. President of a en Garden Clubs of New York State. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING FEBRUARY, MARCH, AND APRIL During February, lectures and demonstrations were ae in the Central Display House a eee Range No. Saturday afternoons as follow February 6. “Notes on the Birds in the races Garden Mr. R.S. Wi lliams. February 13. ‘‘ Trees and Shrubs in Winter,” Mr. ues Wilson. February 20. ‘‘ Methods of Breeding Plants,” Dr. A. B. Sto February 27. ‘‘ The Planting of Flower Seeds,” Mr. George Friedhof. Following is the program of the illustrated lectures for March and April. These are given in the Museum Building of The New 7t York Botanical Garden on panied oye iauen oe at 3:30. Doors are opened at 3: 45 to admit late-c March 6. “ Poetry in the Names of Flowers,” Miss Laura Lee Rogers. March 13. “ a Se Powonss Their Sources, Drepavecen, d Effec Dr. Ralph H. Cheney March 20, “ wild eee and their Insect Visitors,” rof. Oliver P. Medsger. March 27. “ Botanical Travel in Peru and Chile,” Dr. Francis W. Pennell. April 3. “The Flowers of the Prize Garden, i Kenneilt R. Boynton. April 1o. “A Historical Review iy ~ Study of Fossil Plants,” r. Arthur Hollick. April 17. “ The Desert Vegetation . fas ee hwest,” f. John W. Harshberger. April 24. “ Narcissi, or Daffodils,” Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Investigators and teachers in the plant sciences, oe = mses 2 botany, ais chemistry, plant pathology, bacter' my, and forestry, are invited to attend the Interna- ee ae of Plant ee to be held at Ithaca, New York, August 16-23, 1926. This invitation is extended to all countries of the world. The Congress will be divided into about one doz sections, each section with an invitation program occupying about four morning sessions. Although the Congress is not to provide to an occasion for legislation on regu matters of international significance (such as rules of nomenclature), the organizing - as expressly e at “ dations of international significance,” in order that a better un- derstanding may be reached for definite action at a subsequent international congress. 72 Doctor Fred J. Seaver, mycologist for the Garden, recently re- turned from a five-weeks mycological expedition in the Bermuda i or H which may be used in geri eii the cactus pest in Australia, sibility of using this parasite for the purpose indicated above. Meteorology for ee The total ee for the month was 3.28 inches, of which 0.40 i 4 inches by snow tu n th m: e 8th, 13° on the 13th, 14” on the 23rd, and 5° canes es February. The ae ane es the month was 4.72 inches, of which 2.45 i s (24.5 inches by as hi n the tothe, and 48° on the 25th. The minimum ou eee were 12° on the 6th, & 0 on the 11th, 16.5° on the 2oth, and 15° the 28th PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York arin Carat, monthly, onianing notes, news, and non- nets articles. to members of the Garden. To others, i cents a copy; $1.00 a year. oes in its twenty-seve an volume. Myco! logia, fees tly, devoted to fungi, including lichens; $4.00 year; single copies eee for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in a ate teenth volum Addisonia, auartrly, devoted prea 2 colored Bs accompanied by popular descriptio f flow g plants; eight plates in ree number, thirty-two in each pee ris eicdation: price, ee a year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its eleventh vo Bulletin of The New York Botanical Say Behe reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- bodying results of investigations. Free to all members of the arden; to ee ow ini me. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild oe of North Amer- ica, ane Eine eaceaands ae st Ind ies aang oe America. pene ned j fa ee mple n 34 mes. Roy. vi chi sis ce of rts. eet Be Si eee n price s .50 per eae a limited pubes of separate parts will be sold ree $2.00 each. [Not Breed i in exchange.] Memoirs of The New York uate ee, Price to members of the saan $1.50 per volume. others, $3.0 n ened Gaieaue a ne Flore of Montana and the Yel- Meee Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and aces upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDou ae xvi + 320 pp., with He figures. 19 che Vol. I e ville, New Yo rk, by A. Hollie and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii it 138 pp., ay % De 1909. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii + 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. ol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New York: A Soe, to Plant i+ 68, IQIS. Geography, by Norman Taylor. vi 3 Pp., with 9 plat Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the aaah Anni- versary of The New York Botanical Garden. viii-- 504 pp., with 43 plates and many t ext sche Contrib nical papers w arriba ee students or mem of the sta ff, and r nied from journals other than the above. a aTnee s cents each. $5. 00 ies vol- me. In the twelfth volume THE NEW YORK oe GARDEN nx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden are: Four hundred acres of beautifully diversified land in the northern part of the City of New York, through which flows ie Bronx River. A native Plantations oe thousands of native and cae trees, shrubs, and flowering plan Gardens, inc ana a beautiful rose es a rock garden of rock- ae plants, and fern and herbaceous garden enhouses, pon taining, thousands of Aue plants from America aa ioeaien countrie Flower shows dicouatae the year—in the spring, summer, an nd autumn displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water- eae eledicn: dahlias, and, chrys anthemums; in the winter, displays of g pla e-bloo museum, containing exhibits at fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants occurring within nel undred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of pla: An herbarium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign species. _ Exploration in different parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, for the study and collection of the character- Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified probleme of plant life. A library of Polanical literature, comprising more than 34,000 books aS numerous pamphlet Public lectures sen a rea variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the y Publications on Sueeae ical subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of popular, interest. The education of school children and the public through the abov features and the giving of free information on botanical, horticuinees = ee subjects. ce is ae ndent upon an annual apPropriaten by the possesses Be nea wo thousand members, id spoken for membership are fae welcome. The classes of mem Benef. single contribution $25,000 Patron ‘ single contributi i HellowsforsWifemree eerie eee .. single contribution 1,000 Member for Life ......... Sra .. single contribution 250 Fellowship Member .............. . annual fee 100 Sustaining Member ...... Scie agers se one fee 25 AnnualyMembenuae niece ual fee Contributions to the Garden may he An ea taxable incomes. The following is a maa form of bequest: I peers bequeath to York Coe Garde incorporated under the Laws of New York, ies 285 of 1891, ——- All renee for further information set he sent to Tue New York BotanicaL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXVII Aprin, 1926 No. 316 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE AWARDS AND PRIZE-WINNING PLANS IN THE SMALL GARDEN COMPETITION Marton L. Peters, aie pee Brown, AND Kenneti R. Boyn' BOTANIZING IN THE HIGHER Ghai MOUNTAINS. — III. N 'H CAROLIN P. A. RYDBERG TREE-FERNS IN PORTO RICO N. L. Britron MYCOLOGICAL WORK IN BERMUDA Frep J. SEAVER LILIES AT THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW A. B. Stout CONFERENCE NOTES NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. T CIENCE Press PrintTING CoMPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Ler, Presiden: Apotex LEwIso: Eee W. ve Forest, Vice President Krenneta K. Miceeee F. K. Sturcts, Mee Presi ident BARRINGTON Me OORE Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer J. P. Morea: : T RUEON ‘Seore etar} y Lewis Ror RFURD Monts Epwarp D. ae DE Paeeerl Bacowine iene £2 bias NicHoLas ee Burt Ler Cartes F, RAND spree LOnee DE a Ease Hersert M. RicHarps CuiLps Frick Henry H. R Wi.uiaM J. Gies GeorcE J. Ry. A. Harpe Mortimer L. Sc JosepH P. HENNESSY waa Boyce THompPson JAmMEs F. W. AN ae James J. WAtkKER, Mayor of the City of Nee Francis Dawson GALLATIN. President of the Departient of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Ehsan. James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NICHOLAS Morsay BUTLER , Pa. D., Freneric S. Lee, Px. D., LL. D. LEO Ds Ere D Hersert M. Ricwarps, Sc. D. WiuraM i ‘GES, Pa. D. Henry H. Russy, M. D. GrorcE J. Ryan GARDEN STAFF Ne: sar os Pa DSc. Dy LEMDE Pp aeeuet ie se sents Director-in-Chief MarsHau A. Howe, Pu. D., Se Dai aaiane eeu ere Assistant Director JoHNn K Savane: Px. DiS. Disa sea Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Stout, PH. Director of the Laboratories P. A. Rypserc, Pu Curator H. A. Gieason, Px. D. Curniey Frep J AVER, PH ArtHur Hottick, Pu. D. nist Percy WILSON Associate Curator PatMyre DE C. MITCHELL Associate Curator eae HENDLEY aan AL MS Me Das) ote ae ibliographer H H. Hartow, A. M. Librarian CH Russy, M. Be aye Foe Honorary Curator oe the Economic Collechans EuizasetH G. Brirron onorary Curator of ae mie Mary E. Eaton ist KENNETH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gates ner Rosert S. aes Administrative Assistant ava M. Rus M. Technical Assistant . DENSLO' are D. D. .... Honorary Custodian of Lace Herbarium E. B. isscnecn. Prine ee noLmen Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds Joun R. Brintey, C. E. Pasig? Engineer WALTER S. GROESBECK erk and Accountant RT AV UH E Sago dat Superintendent of Badin and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVIT APRIL, 1926 No. 316 THE AWARDS AND THE en PLANS IN THE SMALL GARDEN COMPETITIO undersigned, the jury appointed to consider the plans sub- Ww otanical Garden, 192 ard the prizes, report that 160 plans were submitted, hich 91 conformed t the conditions as published in the Journal of The New York Botanical Garden for December, 192 s been im- believes that the contest has done much to stimulate interest in small gardens. After careful examination, the jury awards the prizes as follows: 1. The first prize of One Hundred Dollar. (No. ee ARCHIE S. HILL, 117 ee ie Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. 2. The oe prize of Seventy Five Dollar: (No. 82) Mrs. Wittran Harris Gm. I aes Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 3. The third prize of Twenty Five Dollars to (No. 59) L. L. Brunvert, 61 Park Street, Brookline, Massachusetts. (Signed) Marion L. Pet Nominated by The ete Club of America. (Signed) CuHartoTTe Cowprey Nominated by The Dela Cale Clubs of New York State. (Signed) Kennetu R. Boynton, Nominated by The Hew. Vorb Bo- tanical Garden. 73 PLAN FOR A Back-vARD GARDEN Scniick CALL Sinem =| root Tramsverst Section voaxina East Ficure I. The first-prize plan, submitted by Archie S. Hill, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. 75 THE FIRST-PRIZE PLAN Submitted by Mr. Archie S. Hill, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. i M< NwRRD Saag yb Oo & TeaeAee ae mos Set Rete ee QSSSsassakragss No. Name Hedge, Privet or Japanese Bar- erry Arbor Vitae or Red Cedar Silver Moun! Lonicera ee ilac Hydrangea arborescens Hydra Viburnum Elder Spiraea “Van Hout ae and ae ene Foxg angea es ata Opul i ee long-spurred : whberry Funkia . Dicentra eximia Arabis alpin Grape Hyacinth Viola odorat Viola pedat Primula polyantha Tris pumila Cerastium tomentosum Pe carpatica A axatile citrinum al ii Nymphaea Marliacea alba 42. tella aea Marliacea rubra ark blue tabilis Liatris pycnostachya 55. Oriental Po i Lupinus polyph: Lupi inus polaphaila roseus Boccont cordaia 2. Monarda 64. S 65. Peony, “ tiva maxima’ 66. Paeony, “Jules Elie” 67. Tulips (annuals later) 68. Pansies {( ous 69. Phlox divaricata 70. nothera Youngii 71. Dianthus plumarius 72. Papaver nudicaule 73. Alyssum saxatile 74. Rose, “ W. leet” 75. Rose, “American Pillar” 76. Heme dlis ful 77. Belli: Mi mnis 78. fe a on “Chinese 420. a uty australis 430. Althaea rosea y No. Name Nymphaea Marliacea chroma- Heart, Dicentra spec- Bell The second-prize plan, submitted by Mrs. William Harris Cary, FIGURE 2. Brooklyn, New York. THE SECOND-PRIZE PLAN Submitted by Mrs. William Harris Cary, 1 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn, New York. No. of No. of Plan Key Plants Used Plan Key Plants Used 1. Anchusa “Dropmore” .... 2 28. Hollyhocks, yellow, _ pink, 2. Anchusa italica . tg single, double ......... 9 3. Aquilegia ..... ae} 29. Tris, Japanese aad 4. Ageratum .............00. 24 30. Iris, Germanica ......... 48 5. Perennial Aster .......... i 6. (Bulbs) 6A. Na White: s.cc.ncacendes bY 7. Bocconia cordata 8. Boltonia latisquama 2 9. Campanula carpatica ..... 12 10. Campanula calycanthema pink Yecgee dies awe II. ets Crabs (Bech- 1B. Magna io be tage UE). sesipate Seon aeons 20. Dianthus Alwo 72 2I. Digitalis ee. pink. 8 -50. Pergola .. “Pk 8 4 : ieee is flava Rod Ra Q o BINCULNY 50 alex ie 79 THE THIRD-PRIZE PLAN Submitted by Mr chusetts. No. of Key No. Nam Plants Used 1. Laburnum ome oldenchain. ‘She810 2 2. Syringa vulga Common Lilac. 3. Basu. ride TERS “high; 2’ spread. 4 4. ene Regelianum Regel’s Privet S) Size 4 5. Bikes rosea Single Hollyhocks, Red, Pink and White ..... 35 6. Delphinium “Belladonna” 7. Digitalis gloxinaeflora Gloxinia Foxglove . 22 8. Peony: “ Festiva Maxima” hite Paeon 9. Peony “Felix Crousse” ink Paeony er Hybrid Ger- Triserseecc vis 15 12. Iris alpinus ee ue e Dwarf Iris ...... 18 13. Iris sibiric erian Iris .......... 32 15. Echinops Ritr Steel Globe. thistle ..... 16, Thalictrum minus adianti- folium Maidenhair Meadow-rue II 18. Coreopsis lanceolata Lance . L. L. Blundell, 61 Park Street, Brookline, No. of Key No Plants Used 19. Lilium auratum old-ban iy S tN &: S 3 x x Q a Es hlox ....... peer Buchner” Purple 2q. Aster rae Lavender Harty Aster . 24 25. Aster “St. Pink a ger wy e 18 . Anemone japonica Single White Japanese Anemone .......-..00- I iS) an 27. Anemone pues rosea Shah Singl: Red Japanese A. I0 ue autumnale Autumn Monkshood . Cimicifuga. eee simples Kamchat & 29. 10 30. ens racemosa Black 1s eeerere ere eet 4 31. Linum peren Perennial Flax ........ 43 32. Gladiolus in Marsh: a Fock eee Peace (white) ........ 10 33. Veronica ae sub- sessilt, lump Cll. saac+ 16 34. Veronica virginica Com edwell 35 35. Viola cornut Tufte iY vancuncn 200 w co Liatris pycnostachya Cattail Gayfeather .... 20 , Massa- No. of Key No. Name Plants Used 37. Boltonia asteroides White Boltonia ....... 19 38. Dianthus plumarius Moss Pink ............ 48 Ashy Sunflower shaw ” Ger rman i 5% 44. ee aad ‘arpat: n Harebell 45, Baptista ane Iue Wild Indigo 46. Aconitum Napellus CONILE= 5. fet aisieen ores 47. a habit rates f Bellflow 5 ae - z 48. Compote Whe ‘ane Bell- flow New York Botanical Garden ‘ for at least one year.” Such prize plan, i a little to the northeast of Con L. Peters Boynton 80 Key No. ; Capel aed Baby’ No. of Name Plants Used . a egia canadensis merican Columbine .. 6 ly Larkspur . Clematis Sani two years only) ..... . Cle matis — fae ies “De. Van Pink Hy! one ie a Ros ‘ undertakes, during the No. 1.—Marion o > , CHARLOTTE CowprEy Brown, AND KENNETH R. BOTANIZING IN THE HIGHER ALLEGHANY NTAINS.—III. NORTH CAROLINA 9, Mr. Perry and myself left Roan Mountain station, On July retracing our journey as far east off southeast, passed through Linville, N. C., as Elk Park, then, branching and reached the 81 cee end of Grandfather Mountain, at McGrey’s farm, where the owner had set aside a camping ground among ancient oaks and chestnuts, The following day we climbed the mountain. st e nb ore. The white rhododendron (R. aximum, here often with pink flowers) and mountain laurel (Kali a latifolia) were very common. Other shrubs collected were Vaccinum pallidum, Ss m men tiful), Chrospe ma my aetoxicumt, Phalictrum clavatim, Clin- ville and Boone, Grandm r+ Mountain to the south, Mt. Mit- chell and other Coes . the Black Range to the southwest, rt east epression grew many blueberries. In an open place we foun ceanorus leianthen meee an interesting plant of the bunch-berry family. the f iff lycopods and sphagnum. Reaching the next terrace we found it flat on top, covered by Rhododendron catawbiense, Dendrium Lyoni, Gaylussacia baccata, and blueberries. We followed a trail which ran along ae oe . ee of the ridge, then on top of it, down into a depression, then ra distance towards the top of the highest ane of pees (his “nose”), which is covered with thick woods of spruce and balsam. The trail o oe 82 branched. I sain the southern branch and found that it de- scended the mountain. We took the western branch which ran 0 ile or so any horizontal until it came right opposite the highest oods here r re of orthern undergrowth contained also northern species, as Clintonia bore- alis, Streptopus roseus, Viburnum alnifolium, Kalmia Vie Rubus canadensis, etc. As we did not find any trail leading up- wards, and as it was time for us to return if we wished to arrive dozen branc It has turned out to be a ne £R diola. Another yen = pi cates i ue same genus roanensis, Ss, gro n Mountain, with purp w here it has ae et - Small, Heller, a ees Can- non, and Weatherby. We did not succeed in finding it. The 13th of July was windy and it rained in small show We collected for a while between our camp and the first ae n the mountain side. On the following day we ine our oS through Linville, Pinola, with its rhododendron nurseries, Marion, N. C., and Old Fort to near Black ea where the Can mn Mt. ae " an feet high, rise the Black Brothers, 83 slightly lower. We ate lunch at the inn ae climbed the p in the afternoon. On the top is the grave of Professor ate he had be now a United States Forest Reserve, while the balsam-covered top of — Mitchell is a state park. On the reserve the govern- ment has begun replanting, mostly ae spruce, which seems to ace better than our native spec n the ae we camped on the a site 2 the logging cam thereo Pp mentioned: Cuscuta rostrata, Rudbeckia laciniata, Rubus cana- densis, Ranunculus acris, Eupatorium maculatum, Hypericum graveolens and a related new species, the beautiful red turtle- head (Chelone Lyonii), Solidago ais and Aster divarica- tus. On the following day we ended the slope below our camp. At first we passed oe. spruce wood, which had not L been touched by the woodman’s axe. Later, the trail brought us r d, consisting a ostly of birch (Betula alleghanensis) and beech (Fagus latifolia), later of maple (-teer nian ‘picatum), and then of chestnut ak n in the afternoon moved our camp to the spring on the northeast t the mountain was untouched by both axe and fire, the trees were large and in most cases the undergrowth sparse and the climbing 84 s easy. I struck a trail which led up towards the summit. I followed this trial, the woods became lower, and I could see that I approached the top. I then undertook a foolhardy thing. I panion over my achievement. When I reached the top, the sun re i was pitch dark and I ee to feel my way down to the road. an ei descended along ae northwest ridge, connecting the Pin- nacle w ith ae Mountain. On the west slope forest fires had destroyed the The yeeeeee nara ood forest ascends to near the top of Among the trees below the cam found a new species of Stachys, Veratrum viride, Phlox glaberrima, Campanula divari- cata, etc. Along the road there was a great display of St. John’s- wort, Hypericum pe um, H. graveolens, and the new species Saag above. In the woods on ne eee we found Pedicu- densis, Convolvulus americanus, Monarda media, M. din ae Lilium superbum, Veratrum parviflorum, Thermop- Ss fraxinifolia, Vierna Viorna, a Campanulastrum ameri- canum. While we camped near the Pinnacle spring a party of young people passed our camp on a hike to Mt. Mitchell. Among the party was Professor Davis, of Davidson College, who told us interest, and was sure that we could get accommodations at the camp. We later followed his suggestion. In the afternoon of July 18 we drove down a continued our journey to Asheville, ee we stayed over two nights. During the stay we had repairs made on the peed laid in supplies, calle r. Costian, of the United States est Service, and forests, etc. He also was of the opinion that the balsam of West 85 Virginia is Abies balsamea, though some state botanists have re- Canadian Zone plants even at low altitude. Unfortunately we had time only to visit one of these places but did not find what we sought. Our next field of exploration was the Craggy Mountains. We the r guide and took us far enough that we ee find . Gee camping oe ee ee a near a very small spring. e flora a ie high ridge of the Craggies I w eee gl as cae to the Canadian zone, although ther ood. ma un e place we saw a trees of bu ane ye Cae stondra) Betw the groves there were large st ssland and on the mits of cra grew anne Kalmia, nd hawthorn. Among herbaceous ‘plan e ned Cynthia montana, Rudbeckia monticola, Coreopsis pubescens, and glaberrima, The ds nearest the camp were more varied and truly Alleghanian in nature, as oaks, hickories, chestnuts, plane-trees, tulip-trees, and willows were adde iatevestin plants among the undergrowth may be mentioned, as Azalea lutea, Diphylleia cymosa, Koellia montana, Aureolaria laevigata, Ligusticum canadense, Lilium Be tc etc. e 2and of July we traveled through Asheville to the foot of we en The road up the mountain was originally built 86 by the late Mr. Vanderbilt up to his summer home, still occupied w Gap c allowed to run either way. We eee had to stop at ne 2 over night. On July we drove back to 7 restaurant nearly opposite the Vander estate, where we the car and ascende Pisgah on foot. An old v ee eae = through the Alleghanian hardw oor a only tree of interest we found here was Ame- lanchier intermedia. The top of Mt. Pisgah belongs to the Canadian life zone, though none of the northern trees were found, and most of the shrubs and iene - the herbaceous plants h are characteris n mountain, Diervilla sessilifolia, Hypericum Bien a lethra acumi- nata. The only northern one was Salix humilis. Among herbs may be mentioned Parthenium integrifolium, Cirsium muticum, cia Bebbii, and Rud- «lngelica villosa, Stenanthium gramineum, Zizi i beckia monticola. The it was mostly cov by Ericaceous a acciniaceous pl Arsenococcus ligustrinus, Pieri, n nts as co ene ae Agalea viscosa, Rhododendron catawbiense, Vacei- TAX a n July 25 we botanized around the camp, mostly on Big Baldy, a high cae a lmost devoid of trees, between as Pan sta 1 dendrons, ot erbaceous plants collected there were of a great variety, as Blephariglottis ciliaris, and B. grandiflora, Stenanthinm gramineum, Veratrum parviflorum, Lilium aA dlletris farinosa, Chrysopsis Aari- ana, Helianthus atroru saxicola, Parthenium integrifol- ium, Angelica villosa, Thaspiuin barbinode, Houstonia tenuifola, and H. purpurea. Ina grove, consisting mostly of Quercus mar- ima, Q. borealis, and Cratacqus macrosperma, we found a tree, which I took to be Quercus marilandicax maxima. Near the n blueberries we ery ; Vaccinium “alld qa, y vaccil- lans, and Paiyeodeinl eae were the most common. 87 uly 26 we cee nee packed plants for shipment e forenoo: m staying over night - 7 sae eloe’s. n the 27 we to Asheville, had small repairs on the car made, shipped boxes, ne in supplies, drove out to Naples, collected along Mud Creek for two hours, and returned to Asheville. The only plants of ee collect a were Peltandra virginica, Arundinaria tecta, and Sabbatia campanulata. The following day we started on our me run, drove throu turned off to the southeast to Konnar have already related our vil re. On returning on August Ist to Chil e ha a leaking fadiator sepa’ whereupon less Caverns, Va., Kutztown, Pa., and arrived at New York on August 10. Summary: Our explorations were carried on mostly in the upper part of the Middle Temperate Zone, or what Merriam has : irae S ghanies are red spruce and the balsams, -lbies balsamea in the ae and .4. Fraseri in the southern. The shru eek con- sists of Alder, Kalmia, Alenziesia, and blueberries, and in the 88 southern mountains, besides these, Rhododendron catawbiense it in southern Virginia at 5,000 feet altitude, an ennessee an N Carolina at 6,0 et. ountains we visited, the ae — this zone: Spruce Knob and Panther, W White n Mountain, Tenn.; Grandfather, Mt Mitchell, Me Pisgah, ‘Big Baldy, and Craggy ie N.C, though spruce an Isam were lacking on the 1. wo. Snow: Mountain, W a., and Shenandoah oa a Peaks of Carolinian plant we collected was ane cane, Jiiemane tecta P. A. RypsBe TREE-FERNS IN PORTO RICO e most beautiful natural features of Porto Rico are as Cru etw peste abundance in full view from . road (see Jour. N. Y. not d may be seen close to the road in the cemiy of Barranquitas, about two hours drive from Sa an, elevation about 2, t, and there are many points on hi ountain roads, more distant from San pa where these elegant plants grow in greater or less abundan 89 But to see them in their full glory, you must reach the higher seb: Sev ta! ; orseback or on foot everal kinds inhabit the Luquilio National Forest near the eastern end of Porto Rico, eached on a hor: ameyes in about two hours, reaching n , . Sever: also the mountain forests near and above Maricao near the west- ern end of the island. Maricao is at the end of a stone driving Ficure 4. A rare Porto Rican tree-fern, Cyathea aeenna growing in Conservatory Range No. road, about an hour from Mayagiiez, and then you must ride or wa While most of the kinds grow best at the higher elevations, dens and ) Santurce an urbs of San Juan, and lends itself beautifully to decorative tropical planting. Th of the Rico e miles from Adjuntas at an elevation of over 2,500 feet. It was go discovered there by Dr. N. L. Britton and the late Mr. Steward- son Brown in 1915, while studying the vegetation of this moun- . : eee e tained and successfully transplanted to The New York Botanical Garden, where it epee grown slowly but vigorously and is now a beautiful spec , and one of the most highly ales of the tropical fa pollen in Conservatory Rang: Complete descriptions of all the ferns of Porto Ae vill soon made possible by the large collections of Porto Rico fern The New York Botanical Garden and the United States National Herbarium. Except for Jenman’s work upon the ferns of Ja- maica, published about 30 years ago, this contribution is the only descriptive account of the ferns of any of the West Indian Islands. N. L. Britton. MYCOLOGICAL WORK IN BERMUDA Doctor N. L. Brirron, Director-in-CHIEF: Siv:—With your permission, I sailed, i in company with Pro yielding a number of fungi not known from the islands and sev- eral new i i i the Memoirs a The New York Botanical Garden (6: 501-511 1916), and was the first attempt to study and list the nee ot those islan ie aes Whetzel spent an entire year in Bermuda, cae 1922, in the employ of the Bermudian Government, the time bein, divided between problems in plant pathology and a continuation Ficure 5. Royal palms and Bermuda cedar, near Hamilton, Bermuda. Q2 f the survey of the fungi. His work greatly cae our knowledge of the fungi and it is the intention to publish the com- plete list at some future time. The present oa was undertaken with _ object in view. taken to the home of Mr. E. A. MacCallan, Director of Agri- ; L : culture, w. I made my headquarters with Mr ilvie, Plant P. logist, i et East, our scientific work being carried the laboratories of the Experiment Station at the Public Gar- dens, where a prelimi icroscopic was made of t fungi, in order to insure the collection of good material e first week was spent mainly in the vicinity of Hamilton, d hich time both Devonshire and Paget Marshes were visited, each yielding a number of interesting fungi and slime- moul me afternoon was aes t abou Gals eas also wit n January 18, we changed our base from Hamilton to Har- our c € aang an the arge amount of uncultivated land within close s oted to the south shore. Here a number of fungi were Sie not before known from the islands, se ae one — of Lam prospora known both from America and Eur 93 On January 29, we were joined by Mr. Lewcock, an tralian student who has been spending the year at the Universi of Wisconsin revi oe ical phases of the nee Poe Whetzel followed wit i i i isla fa of the American ie or subtropics, with the ert excep- Homes wonac Rie Respectfully submitted, Frep J. SEAVE 94 LILIES AT THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW Lilies in considerable number and variety were on display in the various exhibits of the Thirteenth International Flower Show The second prize rded to a display - Mr. ¢. E. Mite hell, uw In 12 plants of the Orange Lily (L. crocewm) and 2 plants of L davuricum, all in splendid bloom. The bulbs from which the gal Lilies were grown were donated by Mr. C. P. Horsford of Charlotte, Mier ca the bulbs for the others were supplied by Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox. It happened that there were no other plants of ie lilies on display. This was a matter of some sur- prise, as the Regal Lily is an excellent lily, easy to force, an the display and also pans of young seedlings of Henry’s Lily, the Showy Lily and the Regal Lily. A. B. Stour. 95 CONFERENCE NOTES A regular monthly conference of the Scientific Staff and Reg- istered Students of The New York Botanical Garden has been held for each of the months of December, January, and February, with programs as follows: For December, “The eae of pollen with reference to the classification of Lng ” by Mr. R. P. Wodehouse For Jan “Seedling Tet chaise of the common and Japanese Bar- berry,” by Mr. Clarence Moore. sae eta in the higher Alleghany Mountains,” by Dr. P. A. Rydberg. For ae “Some recent accessions to the living plant collection,” by Mr. Kennet. “Recent paneer ee in ae Gulf States,” by Dr. John K. Small. Nearly all of the various subjects presented at these confer- ences have been or will be printed as ce articles in the Journal of The New York Botanical Garden A.B.S Secretary of the Conference. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT “© America, the Beautiful’ would be carpeted from coast to coast with the blue-eyed Fringed Gentian if the thousands of flower-lovers writing New York Botanical Garden could be given the seeds they seek,” says an Associated Press dispatch sent out from New York under the date of Feb t November, 1923, Dr. George F. Norton, impressed by the fact that the Fringed Gentian was becoming scarce, generously offered to send seeds to any one who would enclose a stamp with the ap- plication and plant the seeds properly. The offer was given pub- licity by a few local newspapers and about 580 packages of seed 96 were sent out, as reported by Dr. A. B. Stout in the Journal for February, 1924, Norton in the Journal for February, 1925. In the Journal for last November Dr. Norton repeated the ime it was copi The New York Times, sible that their wants may be met at some later time ie, ae March. The total ee for the month $ 3.08 in The maximum temperatures recorded for each we € = on the ist, 46° on ae ioth, 59° on the 2oth and 69° on the 25th. The minimum temperatures were 10° on the th, 5° on th , 21” on the 16th, and 25” on the 28th. Ice froze over in the autumn until this date, there was a continuous sheet of ice, unbroken MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Dr. Robert Abbe Bee ay Stephen - ake’ arpenter . AL Marin Le pon Cooper Pau! ‘of. W. J. Gies Daniel eueeenheim be . Olcor Murry Guggenheim Prof. Henry F. Osborn J. Horace Harding Chas. Lathrop Pack J. Montgomery Hare Rufus L. Patterson Edward S. Harkness Henry Phipps (Brot. R: Harper F, Pierson T. A. Havemeyer as R. Pitcher A. cs a A. Place Hon. Joseph P. Hennessy oe Hobart Porter Frederick Trevor Hill Charles F. Rand Anton G. Hodenpyl Johnston L. Redmond rcher M. Huntington peat Mills Reid Adrian Iselin f. H. M. Richards Dr. Walter B. James aoe D. Rockefeller Walter Jennings . Emlen Roosevelt to H. Kahn rof. H. H. Rus! tof. James F. Kem: Hon. George J. Ry: Darwin P. Kingsley r. Reginald H. Sayre Prof. Frederic S. Le Mortimer L. Schi n b Frederick J. Lisman Ken: neth K. Mackenzie gden Mill Hon. Ogden L. Mills e la Montagne rington Mo Rob: Frederic R. Newbold Frederick ‘Straus . K. Stu B. B. Tha Charles ©. homes son W. Boyce Thom r. W. Gilman ‘Thompson Bronson Wi Gate L. Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL AC s Hi . Rob Ss. Mrs. Beedle C. Heteden Mrs. Whee rs. Walter Jennings Mrs. Bradish Johnson n Mrs. Delancey Kane a Mrs. Frederic S. L Mrs. Willia: s. A. A. Li David ieee Mackie Mrs. Mrs. Pierre Mali iz) ole oo & ns a et rs. A en Deckwaod Mrs Theron G. Strong Henry O. Taylo Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs. Wm. Me John T. Terry Mrs. W. G. Thom s. t War eler H. Peckham ie William H. Woodin HONORARY aon OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E nry Ma Mrs. ahaa Kan Mrs. Jam crymser A. Sc Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden are oe hundred acres of beautifully diversiice land in the northern Bae of the City of New York, through which flow: ibs Bronx River. A n hemlock forest is one of the features of the Plantations et thousands of native and aceite trees, shrubs, and apenas plan ardens, ee a beautiful gore garden, a rock garden of rock- pone plants, and fern and herbaceous gardens. Greenhouses, containing detecads of interesting plants from America and foreign countri Flower shows dvolenode the year—in the sprin ig, summer, ang autu: displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, wate lies gladioli dahlias, and chrys anthemums; in the winter, displays of Bbuaiisi plants. ontaining exhibits of fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants securing a thin mene e hundred miles of the City of New York, and the economic u of plan An herbarium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign spec Exploration in se a parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library of Bolan! literature, comprising more than 34,000 books and numerous pamphlet Public Nine en a reat variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the Pu icone. on “botanical subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of popular, interest. The education of school children and the public through the above features and the giving of free information on botanical, horticultural, a forestal subjects. he Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the mbe: City of New nee private area ee and membership fees. It possesses now nearly two thousand members, and applies a membership are aia Releoane The classes of membership are: Benefactor single contribution $25,000 ENi Kayne pcaah canoumOomoe Hod oSaoida oo single contribution 5,000 Hellowstorleitena)nicnnnierertnnte See contribution 1,000 Memberitor lies emma nenter ingle contribution 250 Fellowship Member ............... annie! ee 100 Sustaining Member ................ annual fee 25 Annual Member.) ac iene annual fee Contributions to the Garden may be deducted from taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of bequ I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Gorden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the su ———— All requests for further information should AS sent to THE ses York BoranicaL re PARK, NEW YORK C VOL. XXVII May, 1926 No. 317 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN FURTHER BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN PORTO RICO Britton PALEOBOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN PORTO RICO ArtHur Ho.iiick ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PORTO RICO H. A. GLeason SOME RECENT ACCESSIONS TO THE LIVING PLANT COLLECTION KennetH R. Bovnton ie PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS, AND STUDENTS OF THE W YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN DURING THE YEAR 1925 PUBLIC LECTURES DURING MAY AND JUNE NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS a ia FOR THE GARDEN At Lime AND GREE: 's, LANCASTER, Pa. THE SCIENCE ae meine ComMPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents ; Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Leg, Pre. AvoLpH LEWISOH Henry W. bE Forest, Gini President Kenneto K. Micke F. K. Sturets, Vice President BARRINGTON Moore Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer Morcan N. L. Brirron, Secretary Lewis RurHerrurp Morais Epw. D. Apams Saaache Be, WanieanD Henry DE Forest BALDWIN NicHotas Murray Butter P AUL D. CRAVATH M pial Ropert W. DE Forest T M. RICHARDS Cyitps Frick Henry H. Russy Wi.1aM J. Gres EORGE . A. HARPER Mortimer L. ScH1FF JosEPH P. HENNESSY Wiu1AM Boyce THOMPSON James F. cr ee Cee bereits James J. W Rn, Mayor of the City of Ni FRANCIS Dagennt GaLiaTin. President of ie elas of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NicHotas Murray Butter, Px. D., Freperic S. Lee, Px. D., LL. D. OL ID), Isiey, ID), Heaaest M. eee Se. DD) WILuiAM Vc Gis, Pu. D. Henry H. Russ GerorcE J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF Frep J. Seaver, Px. D. ARTHUR Hotticx, Pu. D. PERcY Parties a C. MitcHELL Joan Henpiry Barnuart, A. M., M. D. ............. eee Biblogrehe SaraH H. Hartow H. H. Russy, M. Da Nero Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections EvizasetH G. Britton Honorary Curator of Moe ARY E. Eaton KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Ga Bef Rosert S. Wa Administrative Assistant Hester M. Rus Technical Assistant H. M. DENaw A vi TO) Ty ads. Honorary Ce tedion of Local Herbarium E. B. Souruwick, Px. SDAA Aaa Custodian of He eee Grounds Joun R. Brintey, C. E. scape Engineer JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVII May, 1926 No. 317 FURTHER BOTANICAL INVESTIGATION IN O RICO To THE ScrentTiFIc Directors of THE New York Botanica. GARDEN. Gentlemen:—In continuation of botanical investigations in Porto Rico, I was occupied there from Ja t u 25th, 1926, as previously authorized by the Board of Managers, ccompanied and aided rs. Britton, taking part in the “S York Academy neces, in cooperation wit! sular Gov- ernment of Porto Rico, The American peeane of N al His- tory, Columbia eine and our own institution, with aid from many students from other ete and from residents of Porto Rico, St. pate and Si. Croix. This survey has been prosecuted in the fields of Geology, Palaeontology, Botany, Zo- ology, Anthropology, and Archaeology, and has contributed much to the knowledge of the natural history of the West Indies; the botanical part y been contributed by T. York 0 Botanical Garden, through members of its staff and assistants, and is still in progress after much preliminary publication of re- sults. Four volumes of the final reports of the Survey have been ae to Botany (Volumes 5, 6, 7 and 8); of these, Volume 5 (Seed Plants) is published in four parts; of Volume 6, Parts 1 ul Ferns and Fern allies) in press, and Part 4 (Mos He- patics) in prep on; Volume 7 is reserved for Plant Ecolongy d Pal any (in preparation) ; Volume 8, Part 1 (Fungi) is in press; Parts 2, 3, and 4 are reserved for Algae and Lichens and for a complete index to the four botanical volumes. 97 98 ur time during the two months’ period was given to aiding several parts of the Survey and to supplemental work bearing of wild a co) 0: revious investigations of d cultivated plants, this occupation leading us to many different localities. The extens ons of t orto Rico Department of Agricul- ture and t the Insular Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, and at the Plant Propagation Station, Trujillo, as also those of rest Service, Rio Piedras, an t deral tion, but will not pee increase the amount of wood required 0 cao as Palo pollo, not before seen by us in Porto Rico and evidently rare; it is of the Pea Family, with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers and very characteristic round flat margined pods, each with a single seed. In coastal woods at La Sardinera near Dor- 99 ado, previously studied, we obtained the flowers of the Guayabota (Diospyros Ebenaster) from a tree which had yielded us speci- the frui 0 i i mens of its foliage, tree was bl on eit two visits to these woods and flower. it are es for an accurate determination of the species botanically, ai se we hope to obtain later in the year, thr the kindly interest of Miss Clara Livingston, owner of the property. not. are tree of to Rico, Cobana negra (Stahlia mono- sperma) of the Senna Family, has recently been obser Forest Service a thers at several points along the coast and is near extinctio as feared. S ob- tained from ueron and germinated at the forest nurs- e made collections of ferns at several localities, to aid the studies of Dr. W. R. Maxon, of t mithsonian Institution, whose descriptions of these plants ail appear in Part 3 0 Volu of the Scientific Survey soon to be published; other fern specimens from the higher mountains, were aa ed by Professor E. E. Dale of the University of Porto Ric Special cum was given to ee rock- ning lichens, very abundant on the limestones many places, for study by eal nae Fink of Miami fee and other lichen- olog' a ae of the Plant Ecology of Porto Rico, based upon the botanical and a ological results of the Scientific pate already published, the clim: pana investigations the United States We: an Bureau, was undertaken in January 1926 in c ep ation with a ae Rico Department of Agriculture and abor. Dr. H. A. Gleason, of our Garden staff, was permitted 100 to accept an invitation from Hon. Carlos E. Chardon, Commis- sioner of Agriculture and Labor, to prosecute this investigation, in the field, for a period of about three months, with Dr. Mel ely thr ebrua March, making extensive collections and voluminous notes an by : with th collections made. The results of this earner ee are planned for publication, iene by many photographs, in Vol- ume 7 of the Scientific Survey, and will also be available for pub- lication in Porto Rico. Dr. Gleason’s preliminary report will be own A few specimens of fossil ae were obtained some years ago € prosecution of geological and ee studies. We found that certain clay layers of the formation designated by the geologists San Sebastian Shales, were crowded with the remains of plants, including leaves, fruits, ther fragments; ter excavating and selecting a number ens : clud t the subject was of such importance that expert as- sistance was needed; I therefore cabled t York, asking Hollick to come to Porto Rico for the purpos electing speci- mens, and riable matrix rapidly disintegrated in drying, to make drawings promptly r. Hollick arrive March ist and ec n d specimens until coming north with me on March 2sth, aided by Mr. Noble and by me. We ascertained that a method of pre- 101 serving similar fossils, iad saturating the pieces. of clay with a ady kno solu ion of para: in benzol, already wn to me, was quite ffective, and as th e at command was insufficient for Dr. Hollick to make dr: of many of the specimens obtained, we packed the whole collection and, to avoid breakage, brought it north with us a sonal baggage for further study; it is most a addition to our museu f paleobotany made in many years, and furnishes the most oe yet obtained about the see of the West Indian Flo r localities, which we visited but a not time to explore, ia ick’s account of his work while in Porto Rico is ap- pended to this report, and his detailed descriptions and drawings of the fossils are intended for publication in Volume 7 of the Scientific Survey. were glad to be of some service to Mr. H. E. Anthony, the Am Baguey ; Co e: Mr. Otis W. Barrett, Agricultural Director, and Mrs rrett ; Sefior F. A. Lopez, Director of the Insular Aaa Pees ment Station, and Sefiora Lopez; Mr. W. ramer, Chief of i Forest Service and his assistants, Messrs ve L. Bates and D. V. Brush; Mr. C. H. Crisson, Agent of the All America Cables at San Juan, and Mrs. Crisson ; Mr. Arthur Noble, British Consul, 102 his eh Mr. W. D. Noble and the Misses Noble, of Condado Mr. D, W. May, Director of the Mayaguez Agricultural Een ment Station: and Mrs cede Mr. T. B. eo ars Horticul- essor H. T 2 S Oliver of Arecibo, and Sefiora Oliver; Don Rafael Gandia of Miramar; Mr. B. F. Murphy of Villa Lace, and Mrs. Murphy; Miss Clara Livingston of La Sardinera; Mr. Herman Wirsching of Ponce; Mr. and Mrs. Grier, of Rio Piedras; Mr. F. M. Pen- nock, of Sabana Llana, and from many other residents of Porto Rico and many visitors from the Nor ae ek N. L. Britton, Bree in-Chief. PALEOBOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN PORTO RICO Dr. N. . Britton, Director-1n-CHIE Sir:—I have the honor to report as ‘ibe upon recent nee work in Rico and results attained in connecti i I arrived at San Juan h i and returned to on March During the time represented by that interval five days were spent in the field, exploring and collecting, and the re- ma ays were occupied in sorting the specimens col lected; treating them with a u of ffin dissolved in ing drawings of certain ones that appeared to be of greatest interest. the material, consisting of plant remains and a few eee molluscs and other animal organisms, were collected at four stations in the ravine of the Collazo River below the Lares- 103 San Sebastian road, where the road crosses the ravine by means bri h Hubbard in his report on The Geology of the Lares District, eee 200 specimens were collected, probably representing ap- f which have alread i r Hubbard* from a study of the molluscan remains, to be Tertiary in ae and the general facies of the flora confirms this determina- oe connection with the work of collecting we were indebted to tance to the east ine. is designated Station E. A bed of lignitic debris was found here, c e of identification. Further ma- ed by Hodge* (ise: cit., pp. 192-1 as havi : station menti yielde i] plants of Cretaceous age, but without satisfactory results. We discovered, however, between kilometer 85 1Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Vi ae Islands, vol. 2, pt. 1. 1923. e chapter on “The San Sebastian oan 39-42, text fig. 18. mines oe J. Tertiary Mollusca from Por to Rico: op. cit., vol. 3, pt. I. . P Hubbard, ‘Bela Tertiary Mollusca from the Lares District, Porto Rico: op. cit., . 3, pt. 2. 1921. T ‘aoe of the Coamo-Guayama District: op. cit., vol. 1, Hodge, E. pt. 2, pp. 192, 193. 104 on the military road southwest of Aibonito an exposure of layer lusc. The latter may be the means of determining the sas age of the ae This ennen is ae Station F in my n book. n conclusion, it may be of interest to note that, until this year Ww: Ror; 0 corded from the West Indies as a whole. Respectfully submitted, ArtTuur Ho.rick APRIL 12, 1926. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PORTO RICO Dr. N. L. Brirron, Director-IN-CHIEF. from San Juan April 30 and arrived in New York May 5, 192 During the three and one half months in Porto Rico I devoted a two to five days of each week : field work in various parts e island and the remaining one to four days were used in the een of the field data, the preparation of manuscript and the preservation of botanical specimens illustrative of the field ork. Twelve weeks were thus used wholly in ecological research while the thirteenth and fourteenth weeks were used partially in will now continue his codperative ode: in Porto Rico by the preparation of a portion of the manuscript for our final 105 ai while a part of my time will be used for the same purpose We shall, of course, make every effort to submit a satis- Porto Rico, but throughout the ane in general. i th from observations made in the temperate zone. / test 0 these n completely destroyed or more seriously modified by the ac- tivities of man. The Pte i Se of Porto Rico was geen forest e€ t whe present time un ie areas of forest exist only in the Na- in water, a dense forest of Pterocarpus ei, appears. ere ting sand wit! e ° stone rocks. Tt is probable that at least three types of forest 106 vegetation formerly existed here, but the land is now almost com- +o) &' faiae The central eaten mass 0 a Rico, stretching from one type of forest at the lower altitudes, but two well-marked as- sociations occur above two thousand feet The chief environmental conditions affecting the distribution of plant life in Porto Rico include both climatic and geological fac- the same type of plant life occurs over all the dry portion of the island on limestone, shale, serpentine, and other sorts of volcanic soils, and extends fro: a level to about 1,500 feet in altitude. The forests of the Bees en of the island are strictly limited to volcanic soils and to regions of eer rainfall. Res: aay eee H. A. GLE May 6, 1926. SOME RECENT oe ee THE LIVING PLA COLLECTION e additions to the Garden collections during the past year ae plants of interest, some of w e ha in rdy have been increased by rare species and genera from foreign 1 Sum of a ort presented at a conference of the Scientific Staff and Reginred Sauens of He New York Botanical Garden, Feb- ruary 3, 107 botanical gardens and by those making rock garden subjects, in- ese hardy bulbous plants of the ae ee for which w have not heretofore had accommodations. so many alpine spe- cies on Kew and Edinbu ne Botanic i and from Mr. Henri Correvon of Switzerland. r hardy shrub and tree collections also have received some th: nn ® =} gc. i=] ae @ mi Bs = w & & = i) + Bh © i i 3° = n & ° t=] Qe &. o 2 < rs i 4 ra 3 g 2 a ° and berry-like aaa which are enlarged fleshy eins of the eee ena the carpels. uch interesting ani is now flourishing in our green- houses as a result of last year’s Porto Rico trip. From the Rio Piedra: tS have Funtumia elastica, Lagos Rubber; Meha Azadirachta, an Indian tree related t well-known tree M. Azedarach; Chlorophora excelsa, an important African tim- ber; Swietenia macrophylla, the Honduras Mahogany ; and other important e ic t We collected seed and have raised young plants of Malay Apple, Rose Apple, Maga, Gliricidia, Royal oak and many plants from the mountains have been ght 1 poe tropical plants were shown at the Conference from Louisenhoj, gardens of Mr. Fairchild on St. Thomas. Amon nL flowered forms of the native amaryllis, Hz, ippeastrun puniceum; Sour-sop, pudding pipe tree and other Hae ae fruits and orna- f our new ts mental plants. The most rapidly ing oO la sa rare Verbena family vine, Congea tomentosa, wich is a native of Burma and Malay avender t rpl owy bracts, in long clusters are quite everlasting and oe Our plant, which Mr W. Barrett, a distinguished plantsman, allo us to take away from ico, is now e 18 fee and still eva out. Thirty-six varieties of showy-leaved dracae th gift of . M. Pennock, together with or and bouga villeas, are now thriving in our collectio . R. Boynton. 108 PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS, AND STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL DEN DURING THE YEAR a e Barnhart, J. H. [Biographical notes:] Jour. eee t. Gard, 26: Alvan Wentworth Chapman, 49; Cha — prague Sar- e Abram Paschall Garber, 51; see Wright, 52; caer ee George Valentine Nash, 149. Jl 1925. we The ae development of greenhouses. Jour. N. y. Bot. ie 6: 77-80. Ap 1925. [Abstract of lecture.] ————.. Eugene Pintard Bicknell. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26 88, 89. Ap 192 . Eugene Piniged Bicknell a Bull. Torrey Club 52: 119-126. 18 My 1925. [Illust.] ———. Pata oe in ne ae Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 111. My 1925. [Text of lecture.] —_——_—.. Sears galacifolia. Addisonia 10: 15, 16. i. 328. 29 Je 1925 —_—— Rom : ine a [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. lead: 13: 31, 32. li ———. Bibliography of American natural history. Torreya 5 Becker, H. W. House plants and their care. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Boynton, K. R. The Rakcesis collection. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 25: 320-322. Issue for D 1924 [1925]. Primula Sieboldii. Addisonia 10: 5. pl. 323. 29 Je Begonia sanguinea. Addisonia 10: 7. pl. 324. 29 Je —. oe undulatum, Addisonia 10: 9, 10. pl. 325. 29 Je — Dinh asien schinifolium. Addisonia 10: 11. i. 326. 29 Je 1925. . Begonia Dregei. Addisonia 10: 13. pl. 327. 29 Je 25. ~. First ea - the daffodils. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 121-123. f. 1, 2. Je 1925. 109 ————-. Flowers . spring gardens. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: ia Ae Je 1925. [Abstract of lecture.] —_—_—-. rt of re Head Gardener [for 1924]. Bull. N.Y. Bot. Gard. “re 23-28. 30 Jl 1925. Tulips. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 159-161. Jl 1925. __ [Abstract of lecture. ——. Flowers for the summer garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot ware: 26: 206, 207. S 1925. [Abstract of ied re.] . Acokanthera spectabilis. Addisonia 10: = pl. 337. 7 7a 1925 ee Mesembryanihenini spectabile. Addisonia 10: 35. we 338. 7 D 1925. —. Hydrocleys nymphoides. Addisonia 10: 37, 38. pl. 3397 D 1925. ——. Dimorphotheca aurantiaca. Addisonia 10: 39. pl. 340. 7 D 1925. ———.. Lonicera fragrantissima, Addisonia 10: 41, 42. pl. 34r. 7D : ————. Maranta Kerchoveana. Addisonia 10: 43, 44. pl. 342. 7 D 1925. ————. Malpighia coccigera. Addisonia 10: 45, 46. pl. 343. D 192 7 925. Boynton, K. R. & Friedhof, G. Planting flower seeds. Jour. N. Pe Bot. Gard. 26: 61, 62. Mr 1925. [Abstract of lecture. ] ay e ie Gentiana crinita. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 4o, 4l. . e Sport of the Honorary ane of Mosses [for a Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard. 13: 42, 43. 30 Jl 1925. ——. A freak is the mountain ee Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 187-190. f. 1 Au 1925. —. Holly ad jeurel< Torreya 25: 89-91. 27 O 1925. [Ilust.] ———. Our Christmas eee Am. Forests and Forest Life » 725- ae fe [Hu ea N. he Pinetum, fe oe of evergreen trees. Jour. N. : a Gard 26: 1-3. Ja 19: —. a of Dr. Murrill. aan N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 13. Ja 110 ————. E | plantel del servicio forestal de Puerto Rico. Rev. den Puerto Rico 14: 83-84. 1925. Botany and eae ae of Porto Rico and the Vir- gin in Islands Jour. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 97-102. My 1925. ——.. rt of i Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year 1924. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 13: 7-17. _ JI 1925. Barleria Prionitis. Addisonia 10:17. pl. 329. 6 Au i62t: ———. Urena lobata. Addisonia 10: 19. pl. 330. 6 Au 1925. Erythrina Poeppigiana. Addisonia 10: 21. pl. 331. 6 Au 192 —. Bynonine Horneana. Addisonia 10: 23. pl. 332. 6 Au 1925. ————. Tabebuia haemantha, Addisonia 10: 25. pl. 333. 6 Au. 1925. Barbieria pinnata. Addisonia 10:27. pl. 334. 6 Au 1925. Chamaecrista mirabilis. Addisonia 10: 29. pl. 335. 6 Au 1925. Distictis lactiflora. Addisonia 10:31. pl. 336. 6 Au 1925 —-. The American oaks. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 205. 1ew. | Islands. Dace pige Flora—Spermatophyta cael N. Y. Acad. Sci. Survey 6: 1-158. 14 Ja 1925; 6: 159-316. 31 Au 1925. Friedhof, G. & Boynton, K. R. Planting flower seeds. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 61, 62. Mr 1925. [Abstract of lecture.] oe H. A. Ecological investigation in the hemlock forest. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 25: 313-316. Issue for D 192 ee tudies on the flora of northern South America—II. ~ Bull, Torrey Club 52: 1-20. pl. 7. 31 Ja 1925; —III. 52: 49-74. pl. 3. 9 Mr 1925;—IV. 52: 93-104. 25 Ap 1925; —V_ 52: 181-196. 7 Je 1925;—VI. 52: 325-340. ff. I-4. lil 4.N 1925 ;—VII. in Cie f. I-4. 20 N 1925;—VIII. 52: 447-460. f. r-2. 18 925. ————--. Species oe area. Petees 6: 66-74. Issue for Ja 1925. ————. The structure of the ae -beach association in northern Michigan. Papers of the Mich. Acad. Science, Arts and Letters 4: . ee Orchid leads aie groups in point of diversity. N. Y. Evening Post. 17 Mr 1925. ———. A set of Gardner’s plants from Brazil. Jour. N. Y. Bot Gard. 26: 134, 135. Je 1925. ———. Java and the ge people. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2 — new species of Lobeliaceae. Toney 25 : g2-95. 270 es —. The dispersal of seeds. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 222-227. O 1925. [Abstract of lecture.] Harlow, S.H. Report of the Librarian [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18: 32, 33. 30 Jl 192 Hollick, A. The Bartram oak. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 25: 305- 313. f. 1-4. Issue for D | [1925 ———.. The geology of the New York Botanical Garden fou N. Y. Bot. Gard. - 3-6. Ja 1925. {Abstract af - s) A new fossil species of Hydrangea. Bull. Torrey Chub 62: 21, 22, pl. 2. 31 Ja 1925. Some eer concerned in the formation of coal. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 54-57. Mr 1925. [Abstract of lecture. ] ——. Report of he Paleobotanist [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 13: 4o- 30 Jl 1925. ——-—. The Dismal ee of Virginia. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 227-230. O 1925. [Abstract of ieee r. N on. | zra Brainerd. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 12, 13. 1!2 —__— lias and their cutture. The ae 2 the Feet aon Clubs of N. Y. State] 1925: 9 F ————. Curtis’s “A guide to the trees.” Torreya 25: 61. 2 ae 1925. [Review. ——-. Dahlias and their cultivation. Yearbook of the Mas- sachusetts Anne Society 1925: 83-96. 1925. = a stunts in Dahlias. Bull. Am. Dahlia Soc. oe Gaia man, Marcus I. Lithothamnium (7?) ellisianum sp. nov., as the seas Ellis ay mation of Montana. Am. Jour. Sci. V. 10: 314 ir O 1925. Rusby, H. 2 Tropical ee plans at home—IV. The huckleberry family in the Andes. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 36. F 1925. ————. Chomelia Jacquin and Anisomeris Pres}. Bull. Tor- rey Club 52: 137-142. y 1925. What people drink and why. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 151-157. Jl 1925. [Abstract of ee —_———. Report of the Honorary Curator of the nan Collections [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18: 39, 4 30 2 ———. Tasied grain of wood in Platanus. Tropical Woods 1: (no. 3.) 5,6. Sep 192 —. The American pharmaceutical headquarters building as a link to connect pharmacy in North and South America. . 14: 6, 7. 1925. = pharmacist should be the a distributor of aeaie Bull Pharm. 38: 396, 397. —. nnual report of the Dean of ie College of Phar- macy of Columbia University for 1924. Annual Reports of Columbia tee for 1924. 199-201. 1925. — ——. Annual Bulletin of information of the College of Pharmacy for 1925-1926. 1-72. 25. set 2 A. Ipine flowers of the Rocky Mountains. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 87, 88. Ap 1925. [Abstract of lecture, ie on Fabaceae—IV. Xylophacos. Buil. Tor. Missourienses. 52: 229-235. 7 Je tsi VE Sylophaces (conclusion). 52: 365-372. 20 N1 113 ————. Some extinct or lost and rediscovered ane IE. Astragalus labradoricus DC. Torreya 25: 96-098. O 192 Seaver, F. J. The fungus flora of St. Croix. ee 17: 1-18. pl. zr. 20 Ja 1925. -——. The snap-dragon rust. Mycologia 17: 42, 43. 20 Ja 1925. Discomycetes of Australia. Mycologia 17: 222-224. 1S 1925. ——. Mycological foray. Mycologia 17: 263-265. f. 2. 1 N 1925 Fungi and insects. Jour. N. Y. Bot. a 26: Studies in es a Porto Rican Oo. pl. 4. I wn e tent ne Tour: N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26 : 73- 1925. —. ere Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Jour N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 124-127. Je 1925. [Abstract of lecture. | Small, J. K. A new whitlow-wort from Florida. Torreya 25: 11,12. 25 F ———. Iris Chondaa Addisonia 9: 49, 50. pl. 373. 18 F 1925. Iris hexagona. Addisonia 9: 51, 52. pl. gr4. 18 F 1925. ———.. Iris foliosa. Addisonia 9: 53, 54. pl. 375. 18 F 1925. —,. Jris versicolor. Addisonia 9: 55, 56. pl. 376. 18 5- —. Iris savannarum. Addisonia 9: 57, 58. pl. 317. 18 — ts Kimballiae. Addisonia 9: 59, 60. pl. 318. 18 F 1925. Iris lacustris. Addisonia 9: 61, 62. pl. 319. 18 F 1925. —__——. Iris cristata. Addisonia 9: 63, 64. pl. 320. 18 F 1925. ————. Silk-top thatech—Thrinax ee Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 49-54. f. 1. 114 ew pace leaf tree from the Florida keys. Tor- nee reya 25: r 925. An oiaitiaoal dnychia from Pennsylvania. Torreya 8B one 2 Jl 1925. -———.. Dionaea muscipula. Addisonia 10: 1, 2. pl. 321. 29 a a R port of the Head Curator of the Museums and eee [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18s 18-23. aa: Ji 192 ——. The scrub- a eae a a Jour. N. Y. Bot. Ga. 26: 145-151. f. 2,2. Jl 19 —. The Bicknell herbarium. ie N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 193- 195. S 1925. Gathering cacti in the eastern coastal plain. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 241-258. 5p 2) 1925. Stout, A.B. Bertrand H. Farr. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard 25: 310, i cs Issue for D 1924 [192 cado studies solbaaton and setting of fruit. Fonda te 31:6, 7. 24 Ja 1925. ———. Self-incompatibility in wild species of applies. Jour. 2 N.Y Y. Bot. Gard. 26: ae f. 1-4. 925. ——. Preliminary notice of a proposed International con- ference on flower ie tri sterility. Science—II. 6: 222 Lee gf F 1925; N.Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 41, 42. F 1925. Jou he clonal ae in horticulture. Jour. Hort. Soc. ees 58- = 11 Mr 1925. [Contr. N. Y. Bot. Gard. No. 262.] ————. On interplanting avocados. Calif. Cult. 63: 264. Mr 1925. ———. Studies of edit Salicaria—Il. A new form of flower in this species. Bull. T ss ee Club 52: 81-85, f. 1-6. Sak Ap 1925. [Conte N.Y. . Gard. No. 268]. — Making of the a ce a ue ing of beauty. N. Y. Baie Post. 30 ———.. Report of the eae of the Laboratories [for 1924]. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 13: 28-31. 30 Jl 1925. ———. New day ne. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 169-178. f. cas Au he 5. — Lilies. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard 26: 203, 204. S 1925. fAbenact a tects re.] 115 Autumn colors. ie N. Y. Bot. Gard 26: 230-232. © 1925. [Abstract of 1 Williams, R. 8. rman niga chilense sp. nov. Bryologist 27: 87, 88. f. 1-9. 15 Ja 1925. . Pseudoleskea Baileyi Best & Grout. Bryologist 27: g2. pl. 13. 15 Ja 1925. . Report of the President of the Sullivant Moss So- pape Bryologist 28: g-20. F 1925. —-_-——. Bird notes. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 89, 90. Ap 1925. ——.. Base oo mosses from Colombia. Bryolo- gis 9-64. pl. 7. 1925. eras - Tay spring ane in the Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 26: 85, Ap 192 . Spring fewer in the Bounicl Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bee Gard. ae 114, 115. My 1925. Wilson, P. with Britton, N. L. Botany of Porto Rico and t Virgin Islands. bs Seen cee Flora. Spermatophyta ed tied), N. Y. Acad. Sci. Survey. 6: 1-158. 14 Ja 1925; 6: 159-316. 31 Au 1925. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING MAY AND JUNE Following is the program of the illustrated lectures for May and June. They are given in the Museum Building of The New n oO turday York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoons, beeinai g at 4 o’cl Doors are opened at 4:15 to admit la 1. “Variation, pened and Environment in relation to Evolution Dr. A. F. Blakeslee. May 8. “The Bermuda Islands.” Dr. Fred J. Seaver. May 15. “Tulips.” Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton. May 22. “The Land of ae Dr. Israel Weinstein. May 29. “Iris and its Culture.” Dr. Gorge: Le Reed. June 5. “Floral and Scenic Tee of Porto Rico,’ Dr. H. A. Clan. June 12. “The Extinct Flora of New York Ben and Vicinity. ur Hollick June 19. “Roses.” Dr. eee A. Howe. June 26. “Our Friend John Burroughs.” Dr. Clara Barrus. 116 NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Assistant Director, has been elected a member of the National Research Council Professor Robert A. Harper, chairman of the Board of the Scientific Directors of The New York Botanical Garden, has been elected a member of the Council of the National Academy of Sciences Dr. John K. Small, Head Curator, left New York on April 17, for a tour of botanical exploration in southern Florida. Letters indicate that points on the Gulf Coast as far west as New Orleans have also been visited. The fol lowing aes a have enrolled in the libra Prof. M. L. Fe ml H. Pennin, Syra ee kG erring, Ambler, Pa., Dr. Walter T. Swingle and Prof. R. Kent i Wash- ington, D r N. Couch, Chapel ee Ni ER, _N. Transeau, Columbus, Ohio, Mrs. Eileen W. Erlanson nee Prof. Bradley Moore ae Ann Arbor, Mich., Prof. W. = oe Berkeley, Cal., . Mel T. Cook, Rio Piedras, Porto Henrik Eanegrth Lund, Sweden, and Dr. Hans ee a. berg, Germa: The Spring Tnspection of The New York Botanical Garden with the profusion of daffodils to make a picture of exquisite 117 A most interesting recent gift to the Garden libarary plete set of the Acta Societatis ed Scientiarum ee pre- ackenz hi arto vol- Meee for -lpril. The total Pretipiation for the month was 1.72 inc The maximum temperatures d week were a on the 10th, 61° on the 16th, & 69° on the 30th. The minimum temperatures were 29° he 6th, He on the reth, 26.5° on the 20th, and 33° on the ae ACCESSIONS LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM OCTOBER 16 TO DECEMBER 31, 1925 A census of the plants of Victoria with their regional distribution and the vernacular names. Melbourne, 1923. (Given by the National Her. . £ Victoria). Biological bulletin. Vols. 43-48. Baltimore, 1923-25. (Given by Dr. F. H. Blodgett.) 118 Brunner, J. Plantes de Vherbier de J. Brunner ee ees ment la flore des environs de Rosenlaui, Faulho » Gri imsel & Fur i ; w ¥ u GresHorr, Maurits, ed. Rumphius eae Haarlem, 1902. Grout, ABEL JoeL. The moss flora of ov York City and vicinity. New , 1916. (Given hy Dr. J. H. Barnhart.) HArp av Secrrstab, Frepri. Seiad florans ele Malad huvud- grupper. Malmd, 1092. Given by the University of ee Lister, ARTHUR. A monograph of the ee. ir i by G lielma Lister. London, 192 (Given is pve Beanie Club.) LINNAEU 1. De potu chocolatae. Holm va jamaicensis. Upsaliae, 1759 —— lora oeconomica. psaliae, 1749 ~ Flora i tina. Upsaliae, ———_. ructus esculenti. Upsaliae, 17 ———-. Fuidancnn fructificationis. Tauiiee 1762. -———-. lter in Chinam. Upsaliae, 1768. -, Ob eaaraies in materiam medicam. Upsaliae, 1772. Pp 1762. lanta a, , 177 Fa ee jamaicensinm een Upsaliae, 1759. . Prolepsis plantarum. Ups’ . e, 0. ---——-. Purgantia indigena. psaliae, 1766. ———. Specifica canadensium. a 1756. Linné, Cart von (filius). Nova graminum genera. Upsaliae, 1779. Messoge from the President of the United States, transmitting a report the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to the forests, rivers, and aude of the southern ae achian region. \Vashington, 1902. (Given by Dr. F. H. Blodg Moorr, Cuarces, En. The cae of the park system of the Dis- trict of Columbia, W. ashingt ton, 1902, (Given by Dr. F. H. Blodgett.) P ER LF ED. e Stisswasser Flora Deutschlands, Osterr ae und der hwets. Heft t 12: Caanophyceae, by L, Geitler, Jena, Phytopathology. Vols. 1-7. Baltimore, 1911-17. (Given by Dr. FR ee Wrustaw Ronert, & Prince, WitttaM. The pomological manual. York, 1831. (Given by Mrs. John W. is. : nee w Yark, : Paris. ReicHeNnsacn, Heinrich Gorriien Lupwic. Jcoues florae germanicae et i . 10 Li (Gi Mr. K. K. Mackenzie.) Ricuarns, Caries Russ. The alate muscum, New York, 1925. (Given by the American Association of Museums. Srenar, A. Heice (Svensson). iP aibelolowiche Studicn 1-2, Uppsala, oe ar = 8 8 a a s 1925. (Given by ue University of Uppsala. Svensson, Harry G. r Embryologie der Hydrophyllaceen, Borragina- ccen and Fleliot kad mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die Endo- spermbildung. Uppsala, 1925. (Given by the University of Uppsala.) 119 TuHuNseRG, CarL Peter. Museum naturalium Academiae upsaliensis. Pt. aeee age (Given by Messrs. Bjorck & Bérjesson.) ae Upsaliae, 1827. (Given by Messrs. Bjérck & Bor, > WILSON, ee Henry. America’s greatest garden, the Arnold Arbore- tum. Boston, The lilies of eastern Asia. London, 1925. Museums aNp HERBARIUM 239 specimens of flowering plants and ferns from Minnesota. (By ex- change with the Unverie. of Minnesota.) 10 specimens of flowering plants from Great Britain. (By exchange with the Imperial Forestry Institute, anaes of Oxford.) 15 specimens of flowering plants from Alberta. (By exchange with Mr. N. B. Sanson. 3 specimens is ne plants from Indiana. (By exchange with Mr. Albert A. Han 620 specimens a flowering plants from Brazil. (By exchange with the Riksmuseum, Stockholm. 3 specimens of Carduus nutans from Maryland. (Given by Mrs. Sarah G. Miller.) I pie of Radicula sylvestris from New Hampshire. (Given by Mr. R. S. B 4 specimens 5 of oe plants from the Southern States. (Given by Mr. W. W. Ash 3 photographs of Zamia and Microcycas from Cuba. (By exchange with Professor M. A. Chrysler. 50 specimens of flowering plants from Missouri. (Collected by Mr. B. F. Bush. 250 ania of flowering plants from Mexico. (Colected by Mr. C. A. Pur, 4 es of flowering plants (types) from Colorado. (Given by Mr. George E. Osterhout.) 4 specimens of flowering plants from Utah. (Given by Professor A. O. Be ett.) Carex purpurifera from Camphell County, Tennessee. (Give ee a “ob n Bright. of flowering plants from Cuba, (Given by Dr. Juan T. Roig) specimens of ferns from the West Indies. (By exchange with the United ne National Museum. 74 spe ns wering plants from Panama. (Given by Mr. Ells- worth P. Killip . 17 specimens of flowering plants from tropical America. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) 100 specimens of flowering plants from Europe. (By exchange with oe Hugo Glick, Heidelberg, rmany.) 10 specimens of flowering plants from Abe (Given by Mr. R. H. 120 50 ea of flowering plants from Utah. (Given by Professor A. O. Gar: 10 a raphs of North American plants. (By exchange with the United States National Muscum. specimens of grasses from the Orient. ‘(Given by Professor A. S. oe specimens of flowering plants from the Rocky Mountains. (By ex- Pee wath Peclesee M. A. Chrysler. specimens of fungi from Georgia. (By exchange with Professor H. er.) specimen of Midotis verruculosa. (By exchange with Dr. James R. Weir. I specimen of Ciboria nebulosa. (By exchange with Dr, Edwin E. Honey.) I specimen of Dasyscypha Agassizii. (By exchange with Dr. Edwin E. Honey.) I parma of Hypomyces lactifluorum. (By exchange with Mr. Oliver P. Mi 3 specimens of fungi from Towa. (By exchange with Professor G. W. Martin.) 3 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (Given by Mr. C. M. Tucker.) imens of anne plants from North America. (By exchange [useum. ) 120 specimens of flowering plants from the collections of the “St. orge” Expedition. (By exchange with the Royal Botanic Gardens, 17 specimens of flowering plants from North America. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) i specimen of Serapis Helleborine from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. os of Mimosaceae. (By exchange with the United States Na- on Mus he speci f flowering plants from Yunnan, China. (By exchange with the United Cas National Museum. 500 Wet cone mens from Porto Rico. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Bri IO specimens er flowering plants from Porto Rico. (Given by Pro- fessor H. T. Cowles.) bi ed of flowering plants from Mona Island. (Collected by Mr. H. E. Antho 250 Pole specimens from St. Croix. (Collected by Mr. J. B. Thompson. specimens of flowering plants from Porto Rico. (Given by Professor E. oe a ens of flowering plants from St. Thomas. (Given by Mr. Arto s. Fairchild.) 0 specimens of tertiary plants from Porto Bice by De. were Hollick, Dr. N. L. Britton, and Mr. W. D. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical eae monthly, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles. a ree to members of the Garden. ae others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a yea Now in its twenty-seventh volum ycolo ogia, bimonthly, devoted to ade including lichens; $4.00 a a yea single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Nowa: in its eon volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted cane to colored plates sec baicd by popular descriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, i in ea olu ipti ear Not Bulletin of The New York Botanical we containing reports of th Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles eae bodying results of investigations. Free to to all members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its thirteenth volume. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild ae of North Amer- ica, including Greenland, the West atic Gand Central America. Planned o be completed in 34 volumes. Neva on volume to consist of four or more parts. 55 parts now issued. “Sa bscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered i in Ste! nge.] Mem of The New York ete pee Price to members of the Gaiden, $1.50 per volume. s, $3.0 Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue Se the ree a Montana and the Yel- ene Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. Vo eae ane Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and cee opment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures. Vol. III. indies of Cretaceous Con Remains from roca Nel ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909 ol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Saaee see Charles Stuart pla ° Con Geography, by Norman Taylor. vi + 68 ., with 9 plate. Vi Papers presented at ee Celebration of the Techn Anni- versary of The New York Botanical Garden. viii-+504 pp., with 43 y 6s Contributions from The New York poet Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other ast as above. Price, oe cents each. $5.00 per vol- ume. In the twelfth v THE NEW YORK Fee ae GARDEN mx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Pees of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden aes © hundred acres of beautifully Cereined land in the northern part of the City of New York, through which yes the Bronx River. A native hemlock forest is one of the fectince of the tract. lantations of thousands of native and pe trees, shrubs, and flowering plant aardens, al ding a beautiful rose Bande, a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden Greenhouses, cone thousands of ee plants from America and foreign countries r shows thr. roughout the year—in the spring, summer, and autumn f narcissi, daffodils, eee irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water- ies gladioli, sas, and chry nthemums; in the winter, displays of eenhouse-bloomin m, conta ane g extibits me fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants aReceee at n one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of pit ts. An ‘barium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican ay foreign species. ration in different parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central a aad South ieee for the study and collection of the character- isti Sci ntific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified eroblenis of plant life. A library of poledieal literature, comprising more than 34,000 books cr numerous pamphle blic eee sen a a variety of botanical topics, continuing geerene iS Publi one tanical subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly Br peels. interest. The education oe aoe children and the public through the abov features and the of free information on botanical, horticultural he Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the Cay of New York, pri ul benefactions and membership fees. It possesses now nea arly wo thousand members, and anpbcauan a membership are ce welcome. The classes ce me embe rship a Beucieeioe Saale ratte a cashe eyelet ae ee COHEN BIHOR Epes Member for Tefen s2n. cca eee singl tributi 25) Fellowship Member ............... nnu 100 Slistaining Wlember ein csene oe ee anne fee 25 nn Member ie ceuicie uate 1 fe ual e Contributions to the Garden may be stake pea taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of beque I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden ssi under ws of New Yor — All requests for further information should bes sent to E New York BoranicaL Garp: RONX PARK, NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXVII June, 1926 No. 318 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN CYCADS Joun K. Smatt FURTHER NOTES ON THE FLOWERS AND SEEDS OF SWEET POTATOES A. B. Stour A PORTRAIT OF MRS. DALY N. L. Brirton CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH PUBLIC LECTURES DURING JULY AND AUGUST + NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. THE Scrence Press PRINTING CoMPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Ler, Presiden Henry W. DE Forest, Vice pent Henry ve Forest BALDWIN Nicuotas Murray BurtLer CRAVATH IG Je\ RPER JosePH P. PEAS James F. Kemp ApotpH LewisoH KennetH K. Macxenas BarRINGTO whens J. P. Mor LEwIs Rie Morris ERIC 0 AN L. Scu en Boyce THOMIOR GitmMan THOMPSON James J. WaLKeER, Mayor of the City of New Yor Francis Dawson GaLLatin, President of the Debartnont of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS A. Harper, Px. D., Chairman ee Munnay BUTLER, Paps Wit1aM App ‘Gas Pu. D. James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. Freperic S. LEE, Pu. D., ILIL, ID) ERBERT M. RICHARDS, Sc. D. ENRY H. Russy, M. D. GerorcE J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF ING IU lejaennayey eve, ID) Seek IDs IVIL, IDE os caoboenoneondoss Director-in-Chief ALL A. Howe, Pu. Ba Sc 1D), a teal) el eae CL ne Asseine Director SN Tale te Head Curator of the Museums Director of the Laboratories Curator Curator urator oto) Associate Cur Associate C ii JoHn HENDI EY BARNHART, Av MiMi Diane ee en eee Bib ona SaraH H. Hartow, A. M. Libr H. H. Russy, M.D. ........ Honorary Curator ca the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G BriTToON Honorary Curator of MoS Mary E, E. Arist wdener Head Ga A ainistrative Assistant Technical Assistant Meade lates Honorary Custodian of fame Herbarium Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVII . JUNE, 1926 No. 318 CYCADS' “Cycads’—the “Sago-palms” of popular parlance—is a name sed to ‘designate oup of plants quite definitely iso- lated and sharply differentiated from all other groups of existing plants; “Sago- s,” because their pithy stems yield a starch somewhat similar to sago, ich is obtained from the stems of several kinds of true palms, which, however, belong to quite a different hae - the a kingdom. Cycads eared during the Triassic period of Mesozoic time. They ee the cycail! “Ferns which flourished in Paleozoic time, ir a explorations have been made—from the equator to the poles. The of t ; conduc’ of this newly developed, so to speak, the term “Age of Cycads” has ines pass ed to the Mesozoic Age. One is inclined to consider the assemblage of fossil remains re- ferred to above a mere. fraction - ae cycad flora of those remote ages,-for without doubt, the majority of the forms were denie 2 Abstract of a lect and demonstration given in Conservatory Range 2 of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday atternoon, sera 926, 121 file 122 permanent record as fossils in the earth’s strata. The following schedule will show the position of cycads in geologic time. | | CYCADS reduced to about 80 Quaternary species Neozoic Tertiary Higher flowering plants abound | CYCADS DECLINE Cretaceous | Higher flowering plants ap- pear Mesozoic | : Jurassic |AGE OF CYCADS | Triassic iCYCAD-FERNS, Ancestors of Cycads abound Carboniferous Ferns and fern allies appear Paleozoic Devonian Land plants appear Silurian Seaweeds develop Cambrian Seaweeds appear Proterozoic Proterozoic No evidence of plant life Eozoic Eozoic No definite evidence of life A cycad plant consists of a a stem, either subterranean or aérial, all re- Ultimately, clusters of flowers and g m the axils of the leaves. The stem is very a an typically saaele but in the case of subterranean ones it i frequently branched. The leaf is pinnately compound, that is, it which bears a crown of branching feather-like leaves, in pitieas a tree fern in habit. 123 consists of a stalk (midrib) with the leaflets distichously arranged on either side, es hat of Bowenia, aie is bipinnate. a the midvein and the margin is uniform and thallus-like, This find illustrated by the leaves of the genus Cycas. The inflorescence and the fructification of cycads are interest- ing. The sels and pistillate organs consist of leaves more or less modified so that they hold the pollen-sacs and the ovules, and ultimately i ripened seeds. The staminate organ is the ec of the apical expansion. In other genera the ovules and seeds are borne on the edges of the midrib of the less modified leaf, either in the axils of reduced leaflets or in place of the leaflets. The seeds are nut-like or berry-like, and sometimes highly - colore The Age of Cycads has long been past. During the Cretaceous period, aa followed the periods (Triassic and Jurassic) of thei u € ent, this type of vegetation not only lost an They were fo to pol i regions. Uahaye able climatic oniieh: and changes in 124 the earth’s surface hastened and finally brought about their ex- th mple, in the northern: hemisphere in the ertiary period the eveids had i usaiee nea ard as far as southern Europe, where they were repres s far i dence goes, by a single species of Lae He pare orth America, where the representatives. were species of Zamia and Dioén. To complete the devastation, the rigors of the great Ice Age at the beginning of the ill fu ll ance the genus Encephalartos shran e confines of Africa, and Zamia retired to the Florida aie How while Diodn retreated across. the Rio Grande into Mexico. much ean if any, these - ca regained, since the retreat of he t kno ntly they did not return far into h vigor remains in their graphic ranges, the maximum distance depending upon local cli- matic conditions. From aw aa geographic range and the maximum num- ber of gener at species cited above, the total existing cycad aa nd its geographic distribution may be summarized as ollow About sixteen species of Cycas, in eastern Asia to Australia and Indo-Pacific. About fifteen a of Macrozamia in oe :\ single species of Bowenia in Austra About fifteen See of Encephalartos i in Ate A single species of Stangeria in Afri About thirty species of Zamia, in et and subtropic merica. About species of Ceralosamia in bees About three species of Diodn i exico. A dite species of Microcycas, in Cuba n other words the geologic strata have given up nearly four times as many fossil genera and species as are represented in the 126 living flora. This number, although pier is a likely only a This fraction of the geologic maximum. evidence that the cycads are a vanishing type bones Curiously enough, the present- cads simulate the modern palms in their — pea en The istribution in geo- logic times also cided, for the palms were once universally ms. In the eastern hemisphere about the same discrepancy exists in the Europe-Africa region; while in the East the ranges of the two groups extend northward into southern Japan and southward into Australia The early travelers in the East oe in the West were not s peans. e mo with the formal publica of t us ied as by Linnaeus i in Ten years late s in ew cycads were bro t, a rere added to botanical literat in chrono fee sequence as follows: Encephalartos, 1834 (Africa); JAlacrozamia, 1841 (Australia); Diodn, 18. (Mexico) ; atosantia, 1846 stralia) ; Stangeria, 1853 (Africa) ; Bowenia, 1863 (Australia) ; Aficrocycas, 1868 ba) Cycads losely associated with t istory of hey have and do appeal to him physically, aesthetically, and spiritually. In this way they also very closely lel The stems of cycads furnis rch which has been used by man from prehistoric times. In countries where the growth is abundant it forms a staple food, where imported it usually constitutes a luxury. It is also used to starch fabrics. aking examples from our own country, we know, according to the records of Hernando de Escalante Fontanada, a captive in Fic On_Robert’s Island in the Everglades west of Little River, Dade (County, Bee a —Here the Zamia silvicola grew in partial shade. The leaves and leaflets are rigid and largely erect. The ancestors may have been taken there Aes tthe re rida aborigines, w sed the island as a place of residence, as is eviden thy the many-stemmed ine -oal aks. 128 Florida for seventeen years in the sixteenth century, that the Florida aborigines—an isolated group o _ the American Indian, i mad vented from perishing from hunger ving recourse to it; Although the s are evidently against the it is without d vanishing type of plant, the natural growth in Florida, which furnished flour to the aborigines a fe) emi- noles, and in a transition peri the seventies of the last cen- t Cubans for starching their linen,* now furnishes the white man with “Arrowroot crackers,” fo dative cycads of Florida.’ Cycads play a large part in horticulture. 2 Bow-legs, the grandson . Bartram’s “Long Warrior,” says, that “Coontia” signifies Bread Plan 3 For a history of Zamia in ae e, “Seminole Bread——The Conti.” —Journal of The New York pene ‘Gard len 22: 121-137. 1921 The manufacture, and export, of Coontie~ starch was the main pation and source of revenue of the pioneers of southern Aaa ida. 5 There are four species of Zamia in Florida: one of them is also native in Cuba; the other three are, yeah endemic in Florida. The following is described here for the first Zamia silvicola Small, s Lea ane or less; leaf- lets 12-17 cm. long, the ne neds ates broadly so I-1.5 cm. wide, 14-20-veined, flat, obscurely toothed at the apex: staminate most robust Zamia in Florida, often abundant on the upper west- 129 They are easily grown and are very decorative objects. In war ing servatories in the cooler latitudes all the genera may often be a thriving condition and perfectly adapted, ap- parently, to their artificial habitats. In this way, again the cycads parallel the palms; and likewise, both primitive people and some of our con ae in their es cravings consider the cycad a symbol, both of Life and of Death. Joun K. Sat, FURTHER NOTES ON THE FLOWERS AND SEEDS OF SWE OES ZET POTAT: As ordinarily grown, sweet potatoes are most decidedly sterile in resp the production of capsul seeds. e ain r lan In mber of instances, however, seeds of sweet potatoes have a obtained and the breeding for new varieties Be has been possible h amary these cases a ari or e were assembled from published records and rata a rather ex- i d publi espon s Since this report appeared further data have come to hand and a fruit and seeds have been obtained in controlled pollinations ern coast, and locally in hammocks sout thw ard in the peninsula. s —Zamia in eprfolo in t usly veined, wider, and more remote leaflets, and fe fied: ae like part of the seed. 1 The aes and Seed of Sweet ee tatoes. Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 25: 153-168. June, 130 of seedling sweet potatoes grown at The New York Botanical Garden. E BLOSSOMING OF SWEET POTATOES IN NEW Ao or oole, of the New Tet sey State Experiment ae ae the tok lowing record. “I. obse ve very closely the blooming of the White Yam there were very few flowers produced on nee same varieties.” Pre o this season it appears that flowers have only occa- ate ae produced by sweet potatoes grown in New Jersey. he data on t i different varieties were not Bee eae to facilitate natural cross-pollination 131 SEFD OF SWEET POTATOES IN QUEENSLAND e earlier account published in this Journar and already crops of vine cuttings were T. the subsequent growth ee was allowe stand ove winter that blooms appeare yas found that although several sorts flowe very ly, no seed 1 © recourse was made to ross-fertilization. This produced fertile seed.” SEED OF SWEET POTATOES IN THE VirGIN ISLANDS The breeding of sweet potatoes from seed has been continued at the Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, and concerning the results there obtained the Director of the Sta- rJ. tion, Professo B. Thompson, has written as follo will be interested to hear that w e done a little work this oe ith the sweet potato, involving controlled pollination I have just now finished collecting the to n nd am sending you a summary of the results. You will note that we sed a relatively large number of combinations his comes ES _ Q na of the preliminary operations and we ee only small ex- perimental plantings to work upon ey not flower in quantities to suffice for doing all the work we w coca to do on the varieties s we preferred. Your results seem to bear out the theory of self- -incompati- a and our lir i dw on this line seems to corroborate yo ry (1925) made 190) tempts to effect self. ‘paltinatons and got only one fruit containing a single seed This fruit was obtained from a seedling variety of which 24 flowers dt n selfed ll, 21 varieties were included in the 196 pee We also made 22 crosses between seedling 0. nd /pomoea Nil (L.) Roth, 20 between this same va- riety ‘and eae coccinea (1..) Moench, but got no results in either ee ae Potato, C. B. Brooks, Department of Agriculture and Stock, Queensland. 132 here is some reason for the failure of sweet ee fruits to pari far I e failed to ta: not attempted any peala pollination ae ste i a jack Febru “ ith the exceptions of the numbers 311 and 314 all seedlings were fey eloped from seed of the three varieties Bigwig, Blackro ck, and Key West pee when grown in adjacent Rene and it is close breeding might have a bearing upon sterility, the female parent of the different s seedlings used i in this work is given in ail cases in which this is available. ost recent letter from Professor Thompson it is stated 2 hus been o the flowering of sweet potatoes and that for a large num- ber of varieties the anthers have been imperfectly formed and the pollen apparently worthless. It is s of i in terest to note that the summary of the pollinations one as many as 62 flowers were involved. In most cases rather w flowers set seed but a total of 54 capsules and 77 seeds were oe. all from cross-pollination SEED OBTAINED att THE New York Botanicat GaRrpEN During the winter of 1924-1925 the flowering of sweet potato g. 5 D sy 3 3 a oO pm Ec] wm ae o = wn oO Oo 7 oO ° o eg ain hese plants were grown as follows. ce ttings were made the spring of 1924. The young plants grew rapidly and w ere 133 Ficure 1. ee recently the sules and seeds of sweet potatoes hav ae ae he cu tivated varieties ae propagated ee as clonal satieties and are decidedly cae seule oy making cross-polli- nations between plants of certain di jeties seeds may be had. The seedlings grown on stich seed are “Gecidedty self sinicoipat ‘ible. The capsules shown above were produced at The New York eee Garden by cross- pollination between certain plants which were themselve seli-fruitless. 134 on in six-inch pots which were placed on a bench in a green- house where they remained undisturbed throughout summer n following autumn and wi e vi grew well; me to a I n out ten et. he 1 roots became ae One plant bloomed from November 22, eee aatil Ape a 16, 1925, producing a total of twenty-five flowers. The lowest num- ber of flowers on a plant was five. Self-pollinations were made on all the plants and for several as many as ten Howers were selfed. Not a single capsule was set to self-pollination. Fourteen different cross-combinations? were made involving from one to twelve flowers each. Only four cross-relations were Ses FicuRE I). In the most successful Semen two o e flowers crossed yielded capsules a Conciusi The results obtained at St. Croix tee that seed is not, as the period of their blooming. This gests th type of sterility may be operating at this time. WH v this involve irect environmental influence on fruit setting, or the imperfect lo wers for a time, or a cyclic ch n the co paren It seems very clear from all the evidence now at hand that during the period of maximum blooming the type of sterility oper- ating in swect potatoes is that of incompatibility in the processes of fertilization. Most seedlings and most clonal varieties appear to be completely self-incompati Various combinations in cross- eaiaabe likewise fail, but cer- tain ee ible relations are to be found which readily yield fruit and seeds. This type of sterility is rather frequent in plants ees these were made by Miss Hester Mf. Rusk, Technical Assist- ant at The New York Botanical Garden, whose efficient assistance in this and a projects of research deserves special mention. 135 oth wild and cultivated and in varieties that are propagated vegetatively (clonal varieties) it very frequently reduces ‘yield of fruit, as in certain fruit crops, and seeds for use in breeding, as in the sweet potatoes, unless provision is made for the particular cross-pollination necessary for the setting of fruit. A. B. Stour A PORTRAIT OF MRS. DALY ank K. Sturgis, a vice-president of The New York Bo- ae a has presented to the Garden Library a framed oil painting of the late Maria Lydig Daly (Mrs. Charles Patrick Daly). It will be recalled by founders and other older members of th Garden that Mrs. Daly was very active in its establishment aa ing the years 18 894, serving ember of the committee the Torrey Botanical Club which obtained the ch institution fro e State Legislature in 1891, and she was sub- e aa subsequently to appropriate money for the erection of buildin (rs. Da. x died in August 1894. Judge Daly, her husband, also indefatigable in the creation of the Garden, survived her several Mr. Sturgis, who has made this valued gift, is a brother-in-law : ; N. L. Britton CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH : e regular monthly Conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of March 3rd 136 d J. Seaver spoke on “Mycology of the Bermuda ppears elsewhere in the JourNaL, under report on “Mycological Work in Bermuda.” E, J. Schreiner toponted on “Studies of fiber length i in Me variation in average fiber length in aeent parts of the tree trunk. A. B. 1; Secretary of the cae PUBLIC LECTURES DURING JULY AND AUGUST The following is the program of the lectures for July and Au- gust. Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoons, sia at 4 o'clock. Doors are opened at 4:15 to admit late-comers July 3. “The Survival and Protection of Harried Flowers.” Raymond H. Torrey. July 10. eereu ation against Diseases caused by Micro- scopic Plants. Dr. H. H. Rusby. July 7. “Lilies.” r. A. B. Stout I D July 24. “The Oil Olive: Tree and Fruit.” Miss Ada Sterling. July 31. “Our Forests and their Uses.” Dr. Israel Weinstein. 137 August 7. “Popular Books on Botany r.J.H. Darnbar: August 14. “Reef-building and Land- — Plants. Dr. Marshall A. Howe. August 21. “Among Sea-bird Cities of the Atlantic.” S. Harmsted Chubb. August 28. “English Gardens.” Mr. Montague Free. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Notices have been sent to members of the Garden, indicating that the Darwin tulips were expected to be at their best from May 12 to May 19 and that the collection of ane lilacs, in- ae 185 different kinds, represented by about 550 bushes, would be in most profuse bloom from - 20 to May 27. Both collections were visited by many people during the periods named. The climax of th i clim e flowering of the Narcissi so nearly coincided with the Annual Spring Inspection on May t no special notices were se u n ement has been made e n Iris collection was expected to be at its best from June 8 to June 16 and that the peony collection would begin to bloom during that period and might continue for a week thereafter. The newly appointed Chairman of the Rock Gar mittee of the Advisory Counci he den, M dward C Fh al ” oO z em a3 La w ae & 3 a 38 7) » 3 i Tr have contributed slides, Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckman of daffodils and irises, Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox of ee Miss Fleda Griffith of cultivated plants, and Mrs. N. L. Bri of native plants, par- ticularly wild flowers. The slide co’ nie already a notable one and additions are being made, aes special features of the Garden and plants grown in it. mong the visitors to the pa — the spring months were the following botanists: Dr. red Rehder, Arnold Ar- boretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; Mr. cee M nston, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Pro . W. Evans chols, New aven, Conn. ; . P Saunders, Clinton, N. Y Prof, £ H. Bailey and Lester W. Sharp, Ithaca, N. ¥.; Dr. A 138 Blakeslee, Cold Spring Harbor, rof, Geo. H. Shull and ae Princeton, N. J.; Mis a a ce Milburn, N. “l: . John W. Hees ees Philadelphia, Pa.; Mr. Edwin B. kill Eu a Bushkill, Pa.; Mr. gene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa.; Dr. H. L. Shantz, Mr. and W. W. Eggleston, Dr. Edgar T Wherry, and Mr. William R. Maxon Washington, D. C.; Dr. M W. Lyon, Jr. is pee Bend, Ind.; . H. Pittier, Caracas, Vene- zuela; and Prof. Y. Yoshii, Sendai, 46 Aleteorology for Alay. The total precipitation for the month vi 4 inches 5th, 30° on Ge 13th, 43.5” on the 21st and 42° on the ACCESSIONS LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM APRIL 21 TO OCTOBER 15, 1925 ANDREESEN, Franz Hersert. Beitrage sur Kenntniss der Physiologie von a Pepro, Zur Spermatogenese der Laubmoose. Bonn, ARNHOLD, ALEXANDER WALTHER. Ueber das Verhalten des Gohstoffes bei . 91 Bone, Gustav. Untersuchungen iiber das Chlorophyll. ee 1898. Brooks, EARLE 3. A handbook of the outdoors. New York, c. 1923. (Given by es N L. Britton. Busse, HEINRICH \WWILHELM ARNOLD. Verg ieichende Vatersuchuugen der Blumen- Kelch- und Laubblatter der Ranunculaceen. Kiel, 1914. Capura, RICHARD. Piseologucte Anatomie der Knospendecken dicotyler Laubbaéume. Breslau, 1 Curist, Kar. eitrdge sur Horgleichenden md des Laubstengels der Caryophyllinen und Saxifrageen. Ma rbu urg. re Conrap, ErtcH WaLTHER Freronanp. itrdge sur es und Alnatoniie von deel oe Brownit, Desskt, BronrsLaw AN TPeitere ‘Beahachtunget an ian fragilis Desi. eee 1 9. Denxecke, Hernrich Martin Cart. Ueber nicht assimilirende Chloro- phyllkérper. Céln, 1880. Decprouck, Conran. Ueber Stacheln und Dornen. Bonn, 1873 Dussets, HermANN Herneicu Jacos. Ueber den Einfluss der Dunkelheit auf 7 es der Blétter und Ranken etniger Papilionaceen. Kicl, Duranp, Peas a flowers and ferns. New York, 1925. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 139 EvpeLBUTTEL, Jou oiled Baie Se einer file Ls des ichen } thr Bez ae Cotingen 1911. Exo, ArtHur. Poa alpina und die Erscheinung der Viviparie bet thr. Bonn, 1 oF FINGER, FERDINAND. Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte von Mirabilis ala Bonn, 1873. FISCHER, “Cane ALBERT Huco, der Pollenkérner. Breslau, Friepaicu, Cart. Die Flechten ie ere sogthums Hessen mit Beriich- sichtigung der anstossenden Gebiete. Riga, 1878. FRIEMANN, E Ueber die Ente ae der generative Zelle im Pollenkorn bet anaes eH 190. GeorGevitcH, PETER M. as sur vergleichenden Morphologie = at Cytologische Studion an den geotrapisch gereisten Ik'urselia von Lupinus albus. [Bon .] Gertach, Lupwic August. Ueber die Bien bet Stauden und Kréutern. Kiel, 1904. Gisson, Henry H. Amertcan forest trees. Chicago, GressLer, Paut. Ueber die ae von "Helianthus anus, Bonn, - Haven, Cart Leonuarp. Untersuchungen tiber die Entwickelung und Anatomie der Mesembryanthemcen. Bonn, 1873 Herntzer, Kurr Gustav Emit. Contagiése Pflans izenkrankhe:te n ohne Aicroben unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Mosaikkrankheit der sblatter. Erlangen, igoo. HEINZERLING, Otto. Der aie ae ueaiaente Marburg, 1908. HILKENBACH, Rosert Her ELM. ee tarh ee neue Beitrage cur Kenntinis der nr Ute in der Na Kiel, 1911. , GeorG Franz. Descriptio et ae plantarum e clas. crvptogantica Linidet quae Lichenes dicuntur. vo Lipsiae, a 1901. exchange with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- d i Horrsas, WILHELM. Beitrage zur Diatomeen-Flora von Marburg. Mar- burg, eee CARE Beitrige sur Anatomic der Combretaceen. 1893. Bonn, 93. Horrtes, CHARLES Frenerick. Ueber Einfluss von Druckwirkungen auf die ie Hae von Vicia Faba. Bonn, Igo}. JAUERKA, OtTr Die ersten Staion et Kohlensdurcausscheidung bei lend on Halle a.S., 1 Kauns, Hans Curistian. Zur - enn der phystologischen Anatomie ’ Gattung Hee Kiel, KaLBeRLAH, FRiepRICH CHRISTIAN ne Der Bau von Tetrastigma scari- sine Pl. ane ae ae Kaien, Frreprich WILHELM s Hupert. Das Verhalten des Proto- plasma in den See von ae urens. Regensburg, 188. 140 Kienasr, Gustav Apote HERMANN. Ueber die Entwicklung der Oelbe- halter in den Blattern von Hypericum und Ruta. Elbing, 1885. - Ueber die Bliithenknospen- ~Hydathoden etn- en, 18 KULLMER, RL. Pilze ee eee Conran. Ue icdie beiden in ihren anatomischen Bau und thren sonstigen Ergon ws Araceen Amorpho- pln ae i Dur. wid Of) Campania as 1 [ slau 1] ANG, Eu Beitriige sur ‘Anatomie der Krustenflechten. Stuttgart, 1903. LANcE, FrANz Jucius. ry die rage der Ocelbehaiter in den 2% ae Prachi der Unbafren K6ni nterst chunge en jibe ry Abstammung und K. Se LrEKE, Grorc G Heimat der tie [Pennisetion amertcanum (L.) hum.). a.S., 1907. Lenz, Friepricu. Ueber den Durchbruch der Scitcnwcurselu. Breslau, III. AIANSFIELD, WILLIAM JAMES. ea atlas of the offictal drugs. New ork, 1919. (Given by E. R. Squibb & Sons. Mferssner, Ricnarp. Be Ha dige sur ane der Assimilationstlatigkeit 804. . Die Sg ane ne Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und er Schweiz. Heft. 11. Jena, 1925. , : Pflanzendkologische Studien aun den Fels- wanden der sachsischen Schweiz. Lei itriige su ciner ‘Algenflora der Unigegend vou Greifs- = i) wald. Greifswald, 1 Vol. a- Soraver, Pau ARL Moritz, Manual of plant diseases. parasitic diseases. . 3. Translated by Frances ee Dor- ramcetown, C. 1914-2 STEELE, FLETCHER. Design in the little garden. Boston, 1924. (Given by rs. L. Britton. STEPHENSON, Ww ILLIAM. The land of tomorrow. New York, 1919. (Given Mrs. N. L. Britton. t i Mar- WAGNER, Has Ein Beitrége sur Kenntnis der Corydalisalkalotde. burg, z Wailte, WwW. on al little book of modern dahlia culture. New York, 1925. BOOKS ec HASED FROM THE GENEVA BOTANICAL AUGUST, 1923 (CONTINUED) Annales de Association ae vogéso-rhénane. n. p. 1863-68. dltti della R. Accademia delle sciense di Torino. Vols. 17-27. Torino, 1881-92. la Societé crittogamologica italiana. ce 1878. Botanisk tidsskrift. Vols. 21-37. oe — 141 Branpis, Drerricn. ee of the forest flora of north-west and central India. London BRETSCHNEIDER, EMIL. re of European botanical discoveries in China. 2 vols. London, 1898. Briquer, JouNn oe Etudes sur les Cytises des Alpes Maritimes. Ge- neve He da Mont Soudine (Alpes @’Annecy). Paris, 1803. ——. s méthodes statistiques applicables aux recherches a floris- tique. oo 1893. ——. nographie des Ceniaurées des Alpes Maritimes. Bale, 1902. Feelin sur la e du district savoisien et du district juras- : Lei 1890. Sur quelaues ee i Panatomie des Cruciféres et des Dicoty- lées en general. [Genova], 1892. BRoNGNIART, ALEXANDRE. Tableau des terrains qui composent Vécorce du globe. Paris, 1829. Seed as eee ‘hea. Florentiae, 1850. Bucu , Franz Georc Puiuire, Monographie Juncacearum, Leipzig, Btcuner, Louis. lee sur la théorie Darwinienne, de la transmu- tation des espéc Vapparition du sah organique. Paris, 1869. Bulletin a Académie 3 aes e des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Série 5 17. St. Pétersbourg, rae Balen oe la Société @horticulture de Genéve. 1868-1877; Vols. 57-63. g@ senéve, I 1918, Bulletin imensuel de la Société Linnéene de Paris. 2 vols. Paris, 1874-97; new series [Vol. 1]. Paris, 1898-99. Buscen, Moritz. a Honigtau. Jena, 1891 Canparey, C. A. ses Pile de Lesbos. Uster-Ziiri rich, 1889. CANDOLLE, 3 atomic chmburee des feuilles ANNE YRAM ches Gua fails . entsedane “Gene, 1879. — AUGUSTIN Pyr. pe. Regni vegetabilis systema naturale. ‘arisiis, 181 |. Gieinin de la Société hele vétique des sciences naturelles, 1815-I915. [Genéve, 1915. CuHevaLier, AucuSTE. Monographie les Myricacées. (Cherbourg, 1901.] Curovenna, Emiyio, & Corresi, Farrizio. Angiospermae [of Huweneor), pa Conaro JEAN DanieL. Mémoire sur les effets de la foudre sur les res et les plantes ligneuses. Genéve, 1872. a y Penipo, Micurt. Bosquejo histdérico y estadistico, del Jardin botdnico de Madrid. Madrid, 18) CoNTEJEAN, CHARLES Louis. Gé nuraphie botanique: iufluence du terrain sur la végétation. Paris, 1881. CourcuHet, Lucien. Du novau 1 dans les cellules végétales et animales, struc- ure et fonctions. Paris, 1884. 142 [CorDIENNE, ALEXANDRE JosEPH.] Notice ge a dee peg de quelques liewx du Jura, de ’Helvétie & de la Savoie. Dole, 1 [DesHayes, Prerre ce me vade-mecum du ihe voyageur auc env irons @ Deutsche Nitanone Wena Vols. 1-21. Place of publication vari- 4 ety De WILDEMAN, an AucustTE JoserpH. Observations sur les algues rap- a ortées par M. J. Massart d’un voyage aux Indes Necrlandaises. Leide, 1897. Dracet, ErtenNE Francois. Description des Pyrénées. Vols. 1-2. Paris, Drupe, CarL GEorG Os SCAR, Manuel de géographie botanique . . traduit Encrer, HernrtcH Gustav ADOLF. Die Entwickelung der Pflansengeo- graphie in den letzten hundert Jahren und weitere Aufgaben derselben. e pe Car. ‘Beitrage sur Anatomie und Sysiematik der Begoniaceen. en, 1892. Peatchrif our Eréffnung des neuen Instituts fiir Allgemeine Botanik an der ich, ersita? Z Jena, 1914. oe che "Besltg sur Flora von Serbien und Macedonien. 3 B ot go o m [ea] —98. Fries, ELias Macnus. Novitiae florae suecicae continuatio, sistens Man- Hssam I, 2, 3 uno volumine comprehensas. Lundae et Upsaliae, 1832- Granbe, L. Rettificasioni ed aggiunte all’lndex Rewensis. [Napoli, 1913.] GrecH Denicata, Giovanni Carto. Flora melitensis sistens stirpes eae rogamas in Melita insulisque adjacentibus hucusque detectas. Melita 1853. Gussong, Giovanni. Plantae rariores quas in ttinere per oras jonit ac adriatici maris ct per regiones Samni ac Aprutii collegit. 2 vols. Ne- apoli, 1826. Hapertannt, Gortiies JoHANNES FrrepRicH. Eine botanische Tropenreise: indo-malay ae Ve aie: und Reiseskissen. Leipzig, HANSTEIN, JOHANNES Lupwic Emit Ropert von. ie Milchsaftgefasse und die verwandten Organe der Riv lin, Herr, Os . Die Pflanzen der Pfahibauten. ich, 1865. HEGELMAIER, CHRISTOPH Frrepricu. Vergleichende Untersuchungen iiber Entwicklung di oe de mit Bericnstiittgune der pseudo- monokotyledonen. ou HELpREICH, THEODOR vo. ee + Flora von a us, nach den Samm- lungen des Herrn N. K. iia Berlin, Horrmann, HernetcH Cart HermANN. ees und Wachsthum ; oder, nage der Aas Leipzig, 1857. iol Haarlem, 1875. Hooker, — ILLIAM Jackson. Icones ia boreali-americanae; plantae canadenses et arcticae. Berolini, 1877 143 Jeswiet, JAKor. ee Entwickelungsgeschichte der flora der hollandischen Diinen. Zurich, 1913. Journal Piaeeuners et de viticulture suisse. Vols. 1-4. Chatelaine- enéve, 1904-07. Journal de la Société impériale et centrale d@horticulture. Vols. 4, 5. 55-59. Kirscutecer, Frépérrc. Flore d’Alsace et des contrées limitrophes. 3 vols. Stras 8 8 s 5 R ta S T [o) : 58. Kocu, WILHELM DaANtrr. JosreH. Sysopsis der deutschen und schweiser Flora. Ed. 3. Vols. 1~3. Leipzig, 1892[1 Koster, Henry. Voyages nd la partie sebieiionule du Brésil depuis Krompacu, JOHANN nae WILHELM. e du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg: plantes phanérogames. Deas 1875. Lecog, Henri, JumLiet, Juves. Dictionnaire raisonné des termes de Lecoyer, JosepH Cyprien. Monographie du genre Thalictrum.. Gand, 1885. Le ene aoe Georc Curistian. Monographia generis Primularum. = a4 7 Le iri suisse: journal de la Société helvétique @horticulture. Vols. Genéve, 1875-77. Le are des plantes. Série 2 Année 5-19. Le Mans, LicHTERVELDE, J. DE. Mémoire sur les a ruraux a he de te, |, 1815. Lusgock, Joun, Lorp Avesury. La vie des plantes .. . tradutt et annoté ae i be MarcaILHou-p’'AyMéric, Hrpporyte, & MARCAILHOU-D'AYMER ALE £ Lucien Mar alogue raisonné des plantes Honérogones et cryptogames indigenes du bassin de la haute Ariége. Vol. 1. Autun, a mB 901. ae Henry, & Reuter, Georces Francois. Essai d’une flore de Vile e Zante [Genéve, 1839-41. Massart, JEAN. i de géogr a eae des districts littoraux et alluciaux de la I Relat Bruxelles, MatHews, WILLIAM. nts of pee Tones 1880. MarttiroLo, Oreste. L’opera botanica di Ulisse Aldrovandi ( 1549-1605.) Bologna, 1 Pétersbourg, 1 —_—--. tae noses breves Hanlatuin novarum Japoniae et Mandshuriae. 6 p St. Pétershourg, 1866-76. ieee oo. Francois ey ve. Elémens de physiologie végétale t de botanique. 3 vols. s, 1815. ra CARL FREDERICK. rene florae Europaeae. Orebro Suecicae, eg Maximowicz, Kare JoHANN. Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum. 7 parts. St. 2g ————. Supplementum 1,2. Orebro, 1883-89. PERREY MOND, JEA &. Plantes phanérogames qui croissent aux en- virons de jar Paris, 1833 144 Pritzer, Ernst’ Huco Heinrricu. onan einer vergleichenden Mor- pPhologie der Orchideen. Heidelber; Piancuon, Louis Davin. Etude sur ie ee de la famille des Sapo- Pres, Kare Bortwoc. Cyperaceae et Gramineae Siculae. Pragae cae bes Recherches chez oe de lappareil Ban ae ées & des Dioscorées. Lille, 1 Recueil eee -verbaur de la Conférence international pour la protec- tion de la nature. “Berne 17~I9 em , IOL4. Revue horticole et ie de la Gee para is Is. 4-25. Lausanne, 1872 1693. Rovy, Grouse ie ces e de rind, Vols. = 14. Asniéres, 1903-1 Sacus, FERDIN aie Jutius von. Vorlesungen iiber ie Pielene “Leipal Zig, 7. Satnt-Lacer, JEAN ain Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la flore du bassin du Rhone. Lyon, 1883. ScHLOSSER von K iekovski, JosepH CaLAsenz, & FarkKas- eee UDWIG VON. Flora croatica: Zagrabiae, ScHuLz (Brrontinus), Cary HEINRICH. Cac dae ee Neu- stadt-a.d,H., 1861. Scuutz, Aucust. Entwicklungsgeschichte der phanerogamen Pflansen- decke-des- Saalebezirkes. Halle a.S., 180 es a re) ScHULZz, pees ARD. Monographie der Gattung Phyteuma. Giesenheim a. Rh. SaiuMann: oan Moritz. Neue Untersuchungen iber den Blitthenan- hluss. Leipzig, 1890. bes Sermnce, Nrcovas Cuartes. Monographie des pias de la Suisse. erne, 1818. Spencer, HerBert. Principles of bt 2 vols. London, 1864-67. Sp6rry, Hans. Die Verwendung 2 “Bambi in Japan und Pan der érry’schen Bambus-Sammlung. ich, 1 SPRECHER, ANDREAS. ae 0 bilo i Genéve, 19 : STRASBURGER, pune x la formation etda division ee cellules ed. revue et ¢ rigée, a de PAllema’ td ov . par Jean- Tecdues Kicker. Jen: . Supre, Henri. Les Hieracium du centre de la France d’aprés les types de Jordan & de Boreau. Albi, 1902. Tewore, Micuere. Relazione del Bede Hes in alcuni luoghi di Abruzzo ctteriore gee state del 1837. Ni Toparo, AGostINo. Orchideae Sele. ae nor 1842. TRELEASE, Ve A revision of the es apeciey of Epilobium oc- curring north of makes eile ouis,] 1891 VIERHAPPER, FriepricH. Beitrage sur Kenntis dev Flora asia und der Inseln Sokétra, sent a ‘Abd el Kiri. 1 Theil _ 1907. wn Pa a bi é . 1866.] A, Ep. Handbuch der Se heen Vol. 2. Miinchen, MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Dr. Lage Abbe Edwar Adam Charles B Alexander incent 1p 1b pea John W. wad tnincloes F. fae Henry de Forest Baldwin Edmund L. Bay! Prof. Charles P. Berkey P. . S. Burgess Dr. Nicholas M. Butler Pro . H. Carpenter C. fin . Co Marin Le Brun Cooper EW. J.C Daniel Guggenheim Eben E. Olcott Murry Guggenheim Prof. Henry F. Osborn J. Horace Hardin, Chas. Lathrop Pack J. Montgomery Hare Rufus L. Patterson Edward S. Harkness Henry Phipps ipnote A. Harper F. R. Pier: T. A. Havemeyer an R. Pitcher . Heck aa . Place Hon. Joseph P. Hennessy ay Hobart Porter Frederick Trevor Hill Charles F. Rand Anton G. Hodenpyl Johnston L. Redmond Archer M. Huntington Ogden Mills Rae Adrian Iseli rof. H. Walter Jennings mlen Roosevelt to H. Kahn H. Rus rof. James F. Ke: George y Darwin P. Kingsley i i mry A. Frederick J. Lism alentine zt oe nneth K. Mackensie James Spe: V. Everit Mac F Saba ‘Straus dgar L. nea . Stu W. J. Mathes B. ' Thayer r eorge McAnen Charles G. Th ater hn L. Merrill W. B Boyer hom Ogden Mills Dr. W. Gilman Tham Hon. Ogden L. Mills Louis C. Tiffany H. de la Montagne Felix M. Warburg rrington Moore Paul M. Warburg J. Pierpont Morgan Allen Wardwell te wis R. Morris H. H. Westinghouse orris n hro: t T. ronson Winthrop Predatic R. Newbold Grenville L. Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Edward C. Bodman Mrs. N. L. Britton Mrs. Mrs, Fri Mrs. Ts. RAY a Mrs. Robert C. Hill Ro Mrs. Frederick C. Hodgdon Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham Walter Jennings Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. Bradish Johnso Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice Mrs. Gustav E. Soe Mrs. James Roosevelt Mrs. Frederic S. L Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner Mrs. William A. rentoee Mrs. Charles H. Stout Mrs. A. A. Low rs. Theron G. Strong Mrs. ay ae cae Mrs. Henry O. Taylor Mrs. John H. McGinl red ohn T. Ter pie oa tee Harold McL. Turner Mrs. enry juand d Mar Cabot War swell Mille er ue William H. Woodin HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E. Henry contig Mrs. John I. Kan ae James A. Scrymser Miss Olivi ivia a P. Stokes GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden Fo our hundred acres of peauuelly ease land in the northern pe of the City of New York, through w re i Bronx River. A ni Plantations ef thousands of native and Taaesdunel trees, shrubs, and ng plan Gages Jncluing a beautiful rose garde a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden Gre enous, containing thousands of ieee plants from America and foreign ntri Flower erie ibe ienout the year—in the spring, summer, and autum displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonie S, roses, lilies, wate! lilies, gladioli, dablias, and chrysanthemums; in the winter, displays of green idasiagd oom A museum, containing exhi bits of fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants Beednine within one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of plants An he ee m, Sonipesine more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign species Exploration in differ ant parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South Aietien Hos the study and collection of the character- istic flora. ific repeater in laboratories and in the field into the diversified eablenis of plant life. A library of botanical literature, comprising more than 34,000 books and numerous pamp Public le ene obn a eae variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout ae Publications on oo anical subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of endian interest. The education Os ae children and the public through the above features and the g of free information on botanical, horticulratan e Garden is yearn upon an annual app a) a City of New York, private benefactions and membership possesses now nea eee two thousand members, and a eee ise membership are always welcome. The classes of membership are: Benefactor single contribution $200 ‘atron single contribution ,000 Fellow for Life ....... Sb reuoparetotatstenvere single cont Pouen rps Member for Rifes.ee cnr eennee single contribution 250 Fellowship Member ............... ann 100 Pena Meme adistets Galtaersemiee annual fee 25 avavetall WIGHT Coc oubooabagoneodos annual fee piarenh fn to fae Garden may be deducted from taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of beque I hereby bequeath to The New ae rk Botanical Gorden arene under s of New PRUE K BoranicaL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NEW YORK All requests for further Bibi Po, caenia ibe sent to THE Co) VOL. XXVII Jury, 1926 No. 319 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN MORPHOLOGY OF POLLEN GRAINS IN RELATION TO PLANT CLASSIFICATION R. P. WopEHOUSE WHY ARE CHESTNUTS SELF-FRUITLESS? A. B. Stout THF PERFUME OF NARCISSI (DAFFODILS) Anson S. PECKHAM VARIATION, HEREDITY, AND ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO EV TION ALBERT F, BLAKESLEE THE DESERT ahaa OF THE SOUTHWEST Joun W. HarsHBERGER THE PLANTING OF FLOWER SEEDS GroRGE FRIEDHOF NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Frepertc S. Lee, President ApoteH LEWISOHN ENRY W. DE Forest, Vice President KrnnetH K. MACKENZIE F. K. Srurcts, Vice President RINGTON Joun L. Merritt, Treasure: ‘ ORGAN N. L. Britton, Secretary Lewis RUTHERFURD Morrrs Epwarp D. ADAMS Frepertc R. Newsortp Henry DE Forest BALDWIN iL, tae Elgraae N’ NicHotas Murray BUTLER AUL D. CRAVATH Cu = D BERT W. DE FoREST Herpert M. RIcHARDS Cutips Frick Henry H WiuraM J. Gies Georce J. Ry. R. A. Harper Mortimer L. ScHIFF Joserx P. BENneS: Wi.t1am Boyce THompson James F, Ke W. GILMAN THOMPSON JAMEs J. Wa ALKER, Mayor of the City of New Yor Francis Dawson GALLATIN, President of the Devan of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Har H. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., ae Manav BUTLER, Pu. D., Freneric S. Ler, Pu. D., i. 5. D., Hersert M. RICHARDS, Sc. D. Writam J. (Gas Pu. D. Henry H. Russy, M. D. Georce J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF In pid sp tad B eabcy ome! Bet Ol ae Die Sag ang dsooon sues Director- in-Chief EMCEE a Howe, Pu. D., Seo DSi Re es aes istant Direial NoHN OK PS MALE PH.D SceD ae eee Head Cur mone the Museums A. B. Stout, Px. D. Dasaen Op the Laboratories P. A, Rypserc, Px. D. Curator H. A. Greason, Px. D. Curator Frep. J. Seaver, Pu. D. ARTHUR Ho.urck, IDs 1D), eobotanist Percy WILson Associate Cur 2 r PALMYRE DE C. Associate Cura Joun Henptey Barnwart, A. M., M.D. ...........cce eevee Bibliographer SaraH H. Hartow, A. M. rarian H. H. Russy, M. Bienes Honorary Curator pe ne Economic C secon E1izasetH G. Britton ‘ary Curator of soe Mary E, Eaton KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gai oe Rosert S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant Hester M. Rusk, A. M. Technical Assistant . M. Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custodian of Local Herbarium E. B. SouTHWICK, Pu. 1D SOO oan 5 Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds Joun R. BRINLEY, (CG, 18, pantie Engineer WALTER S. GROESBECK erk a ccountant ARTHUR) CORBELIM en eiier eile Superintendent of Baidinan ce Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden Vor. XXVIT Jury, 1926 No. 319 aaa OF POLLEN GRAINS IN BEEN TO T CLASSIFICATION e wide range of variation in the ices of ee ae in the different plant families has long been of ¢ of the pollen grain of each group of plants, hae the natural classification, as then understood. Von Mohl (1 a built up an elaborate artificial ened of pollen n-grain forn d on ters w are 0 ore superficial than fundamental, entirely unrelated species are 1 Abstract of a preliminary report presented before the monthly Con- ference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of The New York Botanical Garden on December 2, 1925. 146 sia together and species of the same genus often put asunder. h ct this basis, for some are definitely enti while others are merely granular. One can not fail to be lost in admiration of the enormous task that von Mohl undertook and the painstaking way in which he disposal modern microscopic equipment, he would have accom- plished a complete and accurate classification of pollen-grain orms. This method has been revived from time to time even to the present day (Pope, — but always with much less success se d Mohl 1 mblance to each : Vhat is the natural condition of pollen? This is a question shrink an (1918) state that apple pollen, when shed, is near! . ciel a 2 Free translation. 147 shrinks rapidly owing to drying and assumes the form of a double c 1) but—in vie ts that many species have a well-defined folding mechanism adapted to the accommodati f the grain to change. olume arising from changes in moisture content and that, as poin t by vo: ohl, the part hidden in the fold is always different from the rest of the surf ne , that the germinal apertures are often hidden in the bottoms of thes folds,—in f these facts it mes apparent that pollen t add e more fe viz., the mode of shrinking. Accordingly, pollen hee should e those that are not spherical, in the relative position of the g minal aperture. Otherwise the similarity in character eon the family is quite remarkable Thus we see that a study of the pollen grains of the Gramineae in the moist condition alone reveals their one and only funda- 148 mental character, viz., a single germinal aperture in a slight e vation, closed by an peercaie m and, since this character is not found elsewhere, it stamps the grains that possess it as belonging to the Grass Family. wing to the extreme simplicity of the grass pollen-grain they $ OV with the germinal aperture at the large end. Secale is meat aa i f n very small. These characters may be classified as 46 llows | uw a Eo “] = iy ifs ao) > oO de cel Bot a # o =a aS) A ° = gE oO g a ~ me 5) Size. tudying the relation of morphology of pollen grains to acteristics and, since these are always the t obvious char- ers, this can be do nly by studying related species, relate enera, and sometimes related families h 3 tarias, we find that in S. montevidensis (Fic. 1), the exin TO- ded with short, nearly cylindrical spines, the grain is nearly spherical and i 5.3 # in diameter and has about ten large germinal apertures, which are peculiar ing surrounded by a fringe of the es The most obvious character is prob- abl resence of spines but an examination the Gramineae, is the form of the germinal apertures. They vary in size and apparently they vary in number but they are always 149 round and surrounded by a ragged fringe of the exine. Now the goal the germinal apertures are onl dary chara s enables us to predict, with a reasonable amount of Re a all plants as anes related to Sagittaria monte- vidensis as is Alisma will be found to have its peculiar germinal apertures but the Lee of their exi e ex- ore ess spiny, granu or even nearly smooth grains in the condition, we find that Phoenix collapses by a single deep furrow running the entire lengt grain, caus- fold (Fic. 8), the walls just caving in, e- semble a truncated pyramid with the sides slightly concave, ex- actly as in the Gramineae, and leaving the poi re ex- P ences of much more fundamental importance than any that a e The heavy-walled soles grains generally present a larger num- ber of apparent characters than can be found in the thin-walled grains. For example, in the Chenopodiaceae, the grains have a well-defined exine with round apertures cut sharply into it. These 150 penings do not reach all the way throu ugh. There is ae a ing characteristics as the exine ftsel f{ the other eee) perhaps the most important is the texture o e exine, whi varies all way from practically smooth to roughly and coarsely reticulate. Ne eless, an examin. of the genera of this family and the neighboring families, Amaranthaceae and Nyctaginaceae, reveals the fact that all have holes cut sharpl into the e is true that holes vary enormously in number. In Gupeobalus vermiculatus (Fic. 9), is one of those possessing the fewest, there fourteen or sixteen. From this er the different species exhibit different numbers u about one hundred e variation, ever, is haphazard and does not foll phylogenetic arrangeme even varies slightly for different individuals of same species. In fact the number of germinal apertures can not even be used to sane see the families from each T: how his acter ae a of the eee itae. pees of this faaily are gen- : Tm : Fic. 10) and yet other species so closely relate rtemisia that ae are Shea s belon: Hele g to the same om (a e- is not fundamental. A more important char is foun peculiar texture of t urfac haracter, though com- paratively inconspicuous, is found to persist throughout the nthemideae as far as these ee e been carri nd we have attempted to indicate it in the figur alrtemisia tridentata (Fic. 10) and also that of pea a Fic. 12 This character must, therefore, be regarded as more findamental than the very much more conspicuous character of the spines which 151 are aa in most of the Anthemideae other than the Artemisias. Ther , however, characters which are persistent through- dt f but fact that they obtain throughout the entire caaly designates them as us mental to e Ci conngtne have the three germinal apertures charac- teristic of the Com ae. They are further complicated by a very elaborate end ea pattern which frequently gives them a appearance, which leads to their being spoken of by most investigators as polyhedral or rane one . 13). Thi hedral, describing them as Sate and echinate. Our ow! vati hedra andiflorus, at any rate, resembles very closely Nabalus altissimus shown in Fic. 10 and Catananche tien oug! ing less re ance, is not entirely dissimilar semb! 0 This peculiar pattern can therefore be regarded as Gace te of the Cichoriaceae as distinguished from the rest of the positae. From these observations it becomes apparent t that characters ith ficial b y Somnpaaoe with known 1 relatives, valu- b R. P. WopEHOUSE 152 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES I- The following figures show pollen grains illustrating the re- ay re conspicuous. ey als show that the more important characters are often displayed to better advantage when the grains are moist and expanded than when dry and collapsed. Fic. 1. Pollen grain of Sagittaria HSL as C. & S&S. showing the ragged germinal apertures. 25.3 & n diameter. 2, Pollen grain of Secale ae Lom eis the single germinal " zperture characteristic of the Gramineae. 57. n diameter. Fic. 3. Germinal aperture of Secale cereale, seen in optical section. Shows the oe suspended across the mouth of the opening. Fic. 4. i eral Phileum pratense L., showing similarity to cereale. 37.5p1 ameter. Fic. 5. Pollen grain ee Phoentx dactyl ifera L., in the moist and fully ex- panded condition. Compare wi . 8. Fic. 7. Pollen grain of Phoenix dactylifera L., in the dry and collapsed condition, showing the single fold. Compare wit! ith Fic. 5. Fic. 8. Pollen grain of Carex stricta Lam., in the dry and collapsed con- dition, showing mode of contraction without definite folds. Compare with Fic. 6. Fic. 3. Palle en Bia of ue cobatus vermiculatus Torr., showing the inal apertures “characteris stic of the Chenopodiaceas and allied. tomes. “3 3 i diamet Fic. Io. Pol 1 oof eae “rridental ta Nutt., expanded and show. ing a ceria sett ure in its fold, characteristic of the Coinpiositze. 25 Fic. ical cross section of pollen grain of Artemisia tridentata, showing te three germina! apertures in their three longitudinal folds which are here fully expanded. Fic. 12, Pollen grain of Bathenns oe are showing a germinal aperture it e xXpan textu nthemideae and the spines which are frequently found in the Com- positae. 25.34 in diameter. Fic. 13. Pollen pa of ‘Nabalus aliissimus (L.) Hook., showing pattern characteristic of the Cichoriaceae. LITERATURE CITED Anonymous (1925). Plants which cause hayfever. The Arlington mical Co., Yonkers, Anthony, Stephen, & Harlan, Harry ve * (1920). Germination of barley pollen. . ur. vi s. Decaisne, J. (183. Monographie des eS Balbisia et Pie irre mare s. . Sei. Nat. Bot. IT. Martin, J. N., & Yocum, ‘s Et A study of pollen and pistils of apple in relation to i oe c. Iowa Acad. Sci. 25: Wopenouse: MorPHoLocy or Potten Grains 154 Mohl, Hugo von (1835). Sur la structure et les formes des grains de pollen. Ann. Aci. Nat. 48. Pope, Maxy Alice (1925). Potten eae ree as an index to plant tionship. Bot. 0: 63. Purkinje, Joannis 1830). De paliilie antherarum fibrosis nec non de granorum pollinarum formis. Vratislaviae. Smith, beeen (1875). Notes on pollen. The Gardners’ Chron- icle = WHY ARE CHESTNUTS SELF-FRUITLESS? It has frequently been observed that chestnut trees which stand alone do not yield satisfactory crops of nuts. Dr. Wm. A. Taylor, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, writing in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (Vol. 2, p. elas summiarizes this condition for the American group of chest- nuts as follo oe ary trees are frequently sterile, although producing both staminate and pistillate flowers, apparen : requiring cross-pollination to insure fruitfulness. This is especiall true of planted trees of this species on the Paci fic slope, where ae trees are reported to ‘ar It is quite probable that this statement ee equally well to the varieties Sof chestnuts of the European a Japanese groups to which many of the cultivated varieties belon, During the autumn of 1922 the writer haa an opportunity to observe the condition of sterility in two chestnut trees of unde- termine riety growing apart from each other and isolated from other chestnuts laremont, California. T trees wer heavily loaded with burs but those of one tree contained o shriveled nuts without “meats” or embryos an the several bushels of burs from the other tree there were only about thirty nu tained mea The e nuts w muc s wh eats. mpty s re shrunken ne the sides pressed together. The trees bloom pro- fusely and they bear many fruits but the burs an contain a good It was not a for the writer to make proper tests to de- termine if the seedless fruits on these trees develop entirely with- out any colicin and if they will yield good nuts to cross-polli- nation but perhaps the latter may be assumed. 155 The cultivated varieties of chestnuts are clonal varieties. Each vit different plants of a variety are very uniform in such charac- teristics as flower behavior and the requirements for fruit and roduction. all varieties are able to bear good fruit. No nurseryman, ability of ke hehe to bear aie is thus demonstrated but there is no clue ae rements for eta If the variety re- or when t f the variety are grown i ocks. Pollination see be a prerequisite for seed-setting by mo: chestnuts. But this does not apply to all chestnuts, for Dr. Robert T. Morris reports’ that plants of the American Chin ma: r whatever. This ability to produce seeds apogamously may also appear in other chestnuts aa especially in some of the hybrids which have the chinquapin for a parent. But apparently most varieties a chestnuts require cross-polli- nation before they will yield adequate crops of nuts containing meats. It is not yet fully clear why this is the case. To deter- mine this one must first give attention to the flowers as to their ability to function, their behavior in eet and the require- ments for pollination oe fertiliz he flowers of chestnuts are weed as monoecious. It Id flowers are fully functional. A variety may produce fruit a seeds and yet be more or less sterile as a male. The stamt ie 1Chestnut Blight Resistance. Journ. Heredity 5: 26-29, 1914. 156 flowers may yield impotent pollen. This may readily be deter- mined by appropriate germination tests and by microscopic exami- nation. But most varieties probably do produce good.or viable ere is much evidence that the flower behavior of chestnuts an intimate relation to proper pollination and is perhaps re- i r the e garding the flowers of chestnuts may be quoted in full. Ficure 1. Below. The several bushels of chestnut burs here shown fell from a large tree eds at one side and wi see : pe eie bt the driveway in which the burs were piled. The lar; rop of burs seemed to Promise a harvest of nut i Above. Rarely did a bur yield a nut containing a meat. The total har- vest was a small” hand of good nuts. Beat! many varieties o ee are sel f- ene gecone relly at ms to be nece adequate yields of good n ee The chestnut is monoecious, that is, the ni “The pistillate flowers are probably fertilized by both sets of star blos , the early ones fertilizing the early opening blossoms, and the later ones furnishing the pollen for those that r d. Thomas Meehan tells 1 t he thinks the pollen from the late staminate blossoms perform the function of fertilization, and that reat show tami nate catkins 1s a waste i merican chestn n S 1 that most of the pistils are ane nie ‘the early staminate flowers are in bloom. From this description for chestnuts in general, it appears that certain catkins bear only staminate flowers which mature rather arly. Other catkins bear both pistillate and stamindte flowers 157 Ficure 1. Nearly complete sterility in chestnuts. which mature later. There is SS some question as to what extent, if any, the relative ane opment of the two sexes admits of self-pollination and whether the towers all yield good pollen. This may differ very decidedly the various species and clonal varieties in cultivation and for the hybrid eee that now exist in considerable number. But the self- feuidescnves of chestnuts may involve a lack of fertilization. e is ample self-pollination the ferti- case for certain sweet cherries. Th indicate or specify the degrees or grades of sterility present. In an extreme or comple ane fruits do not e ‘0 de- velop. The developments of seedless fruits, as seen for the two trees mentioned a may be only one grade of the sterilities a ields of nuts b varieties of chestnuts. This can only be provided for by interplanting varieties whose blooming habits co- dinate sufficiently to insure proper pollination. If is not accomplished the interplanting of two varietie ot increase u perimentation, and the results of practical experience in orchard plantings to determine the varieties which pair to give most profit- an results both. pee ghly desirable that each variety of chestnuts be ae see ee 1) the ability (2) th i ing. Then the commercial cultu of chestnuts can aes with greater certainty of adequate vields and of financial success A. B. Stout 159 THE PERFUME OF NARCISSI (DAFFODILS) As a number of people object to narcissi a eee of their strong see it seemed worth while, with this point in view, to make easily one euh no odor and the others with either of a failing of one member of a family the rest should be blamed for faults they do not have! Witn PERFUME Very slight Slight Aledium Aequus Aestiva Cassandra Emperor Bard of Avon Orange Buffer Epicure Beaut Holbein Bernardino Mrs. Langtry Brilliancy Primrose Phoenix Great Warley Thelma ingdom Laurens Koster Maid of Athens Oritlamme Red Beacon Sir Watki: White Queen White Sta Crean SMELL ee ead light Medium Alice Knig! Augusta Albatross gu ae as a “North Conspicuus Crystal Queen Edison Expectation Lady Arnott dine Undine Undine 160 SWEET TEA Very slight Slight Medium Strong Van Waveren’s Autocrat Bedouin Gloria Mundi Giant Mrs. Chester J. Masterpiece Hunt Sea Gull Joxqu Very slight Slight Medium Strong Apricot Almira Admiration spasia qoane a Mer- oe s Flame Cheerfulness Dorothy E. veille Epic Evangeline Weymss Orangeman Ae as Glitter Haemon Ornatus maxi- Mignon olden Sceptre Sunset 7 Nannie Nunn Joconde The Pearl Salmonetta Plenipo Whitewell Robert Svden- Sparkler William Gold- ring CastILe Soar Very slight Slight Medium ae Alfre' leopatra Cornelia ack Gin of Sas- Henry Ford Cc F. E. “etivaine senheim M.M. de Graaff Firetail Her Grace St. Olaf Mme. de Graaff Loveliness Lady Audrey Tresserve Moonlight Peter Barr S. B. Stee. Snow Whi Weardale Per- Sulphur Beauty fection White y White Queen Musk Very slight Slight Lucifer Lemon Drop SWEET Soap Slight King Alfred cere Slig Igteaconbe aie Von Sio Figure 1, A part of the Narcissus plantings at The New York Botanical Garden, May 9, 1926. 162 No PERFUME Argent siraffe Orange eee Artemis slory of Lisse Red Chi Blood Orange Horace Branston Ideal (Incomp.) Southern Gem ullfinch Jacoba ope Glory Candlestick J.B. M. Camm Ste ile John Farquahar ay Circlet Juliet te "Pearl (Leedsii) Croesus I ae Beauty wal Scarlett Edrin ae P. Milne Emerson Fairy Queen a "Ellen Terry Firebrand rs. E. Krelage Frank Miles Irs. Frylink Irs. Robert Sydenham Eruet Anson S. PECKHAM. Eger ae HEREDITY, AND Beene IN ATION TO EVOLUTION Variations in plants and animals (including man) are due to two main causes—Heredity and Environment. Both are neces- ties of corn ma) be lastin, . There is no evidence that efforts sal known, for example, by which education of the parents can affect the mental capacity of their offspring, since it is capacity alone which is inherited. Biological Evolution is distinguished from Social Evolution, the first referring to biologic changes transmitted through hered- 1 Abstract of a lecture given in the Museum aaa A The New York Heri Garden on Saturday afternoon, May 163 ity, the latter referring to changes i in environment passed on from vi on. It able if humanity has any higher mental capacity to-day than in ory. The lecture was extensively niet by lantern slides, chiefly from the speaker's own investigations ALBERT F, BLAKESLEE. THE DESERT VEGETATION OF THE SOUTHWEST? The speaker said that in recent years the concept of what con- stituted deserts had been extended. There were arctic, or frigid deserts, sand-beach deserts, sand-dune deserts, where the sand through the soil, or by surfac f western eis States impress one as being green deserts, as one looks s them, as contrasted with the barren, gray deserts of the per rnee of Africa, Asia, and Australia. There are no deserts in Europe. The growth forms of plants of the true deserts are mainly stem and leaf succulents, spring s , and trees, i re the cell-wall materials (anhydrides) are also derived from 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botan- ical Garden on Saturday afternoon, April 17, 1926. 164 the polysaccharids by a somewhat different chemical transforma- ti leaf succulents are illustrated by the species of Agave The speaker went into other details about the structure of desert e emphasized the fact that the desert Indians of the plants thrived. ey had developed a Soni based on their intimate acquaintance with desert conditio: Jou WW. FIARSHBERGER. THE PLANTING OF FLOWER SEEDS? In the planting of flower seeds, one must consider first what kind of soil is to be used; this is usually garden loam, sand, de- sau water. If these very small seeds are watered from the top of th pan, they often get washed out. obaea scandens (Cup-and-Saucer Vine or Cathedral Bells) has peculiar seeds that must be placed edgewise and merely cov- 1 Abstract of a lecture and demonstration given in the Central Dis- lay Coie of Conservatory Range 2 on Saturday afternoon, February 27, 192 165 ered with light soil. _To get early results, start the seed indoors i in wo inc apart, so as to giv em enough room till they are ready for the gar Iti ood plan to get small paper pots and transplant these seedlings in them. When taken out of ts they do t r hes can be in a flat po e pots can be put close together and covered even to the top with soil. When trans- that can be sown in fraines are Lobelia, Kochis. Zinnia, Aster, egonia. Samples of seed, materials, and implements used in planting, and methods of soil preparation, sowing, and transplanting, were exhibited and demonstrated by the lecturer. GEORGE FRIEDHOF. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Stout, Director of the Laboratories, was at the State pples and again when the for studies of the palliation Phen of fruit crops and in continuing the breeding of grapes to develop ee seedless arieties, The Garden has sent out cards stating that the collection of fi roses was expected to be at the height of its flowering in the and roses, as well as narcissi, tulips, and irises, have experienced an unusually favorable season for the perfection of their flowers. 166 The American Rose Society made its ““President’s Annual Pil- grimage” for 1926 take the form of a visit to the rose collection of The Be i Jun ae nee a - . about sixty around the Rose Garden, an talked of the more salient varieties. Afterwards the visitors were the guests of Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief, at the Boat House Restaurant. Dr. Joseph Burtt Davy has presented to the Garden Library a copy of the first part of his recently published “ Manual of the i ns h al 1920. His wife has been of very great assistance during the whole period of this noteworthy investigation. — .B. MeCOrareD), ee June. The maximum temperatures for oF St. ° on the ee The minimum fompererite: were 44° on the gth, 51° on , 44° on the 17th, and 55° 24th. The total rainfall for ne month was 2.54 inches 1 Small 8vo, pp. 1-272, with 4o illustrations in the text. Longmans, Green & Co., 1926. 167 ACCESSIONS BOOKS oe ete FROM THE GENEVA BOTANICAL ARDEN, AUGUST, 1923 (CONTINUED) ae be Congres Medaser ae botanique tenn & Paris en Aout 1867 s les auspices de la Société botanique de France. Paris, 1867. rie du Jardin botanique 7 Buitenzorg. Vols. 1-17. Leide, 1876- ———-. Supplément 1-2. Leide, 1897-98. paiotad del PR. Istituto botanico di Roma. Vols. 1-10. Milano & Roma, 41902. woe de la Sociedade Rroteriana. Vols. 14-24. Coimbra, 1897-1960. BousierR, ALPHONSE MAURICE, comp. aie me des périodiques scien- ifiques eee a as et médicales) qui se trouvent aux bib- i ae de Genéve, 1904. —-_ te 1912, Brrguet, C. M. " Recherches sur les premiers ese employés en Occident et Orient du X¢ au XIV stécle. Paris, 18 Bulletin de PAcadémie onan de ae botanique. Vols. 20- 28. Paris, 1909-18. Bulletin de la Soctété royale de botanique de Belgique. Vols. 13-46. Bruxelles, 1874-1909. meres Luiar, & Mus SCATELLO, Gutseppe. Endemismi ed esodemismi ella flora italiana. Catania, 191 nes Aucuste. Les végétaur utiles del’ Afrique tropicale francaise. Vol. 1, fase. 1. i Comte-rendu des séances du ‘Si ixicme congrés international de zoologie tenu a Berne du 14 au 19 Aout, T1904. Geneve, 1905. Correspondance botanique. Liste des jardins, des chaires, ae musées, des revues et des sociétés de botanique. Eds. 6-10. Liég Crantz, HEINRICH — NevomMuUK von. Classis Cr ae emen- ipsiae, . CRUE, Feaners DE. ne et la Société de lecture (1818-1896). Genéve, 1896. De WIiLpeMAN, Emite Aucuste Joseru ve. Catalogue de la flore algolo- gique de la Suisse. Bruxelles, 1895. Gorpet, Karu Exeruwarp. Grurndsiige der Systematik und speciellen Pflan- senmorphologie nach der vierten ees e des Lehrbuchs der Botanik ch. rbeti ipzi Gomont, Maurice AucustTin. Pie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées pst is, 3. enera florae Americae boreali orientalis illustrata. Vol. I. New York, 18. R, JEAN Crartes Marie. Flore de la Chaine Jurassique. 2 vols. ee 1865-69. 168 GrinEvetzkI, Botesiav. Résultats de deux voyages botaniques au Caucase faits en ee et 190T. Beas I GrisepacH, AUG Het H Rupor. Catalogus plantarum cubensium exhibens collectonem: “Wrightanam aliasque minores ex insula Cuba nlissas. e, 1866. Haecket, Ernst Heinrich Puitipp Aucust. Systematische Phylogenie der Protisten und Pflanzen. Berlin, 1894. Harvey, Wittram Henry. The genera of South African plants. Cape ‘own, 1838. Hasskar., Just RL. Plantae javanicae rariores, elie nonnullis icis, in Vases hortis cultis, descriptae. Berolini, 1848. L Corvemoy, Eucine. Flore de Vile de la Réunion. Paris, 1895. [JaurFFert, Lours Francois, 2) La corbeille des fleurs. ake 1807. uvean mémoire sur la question relative aux Aegilops triti- coide. speltaeformis. Paris, 1857. Journal de botanique. Vols. 5-20. Paris, 1891— ie SG tol fa o 5 a A Kel 3 6. isis; contributions to the botany and topography of Gibraltar and tts neighbo 7 ; 6. Kew, Royal gardens. Bulletin of miscellaneous information. es 1892- 7910. London, 1890-1910. LaMARCK, JEAN Baptiste PIERRE ANTOINE MoNnNET DE. Flore francaise. 3 vols. Paris, 1778. LaNnessaNn, JEAN Lours DE. Introduction a la botanique; le Sapin. Paris, w 0 £ 1885. Lasicur, Antorne. Musée botanique de M. Benjamin Delessert. Paris, 18. Lowe, FDwarp JosepH. Natural history of new and rare ferns. London, 1865. Macnter, CHARLES. Serinia florae selectac. Fasc, 1-16. Saint-Quentin, 1882-97. oe rassegna mensuale di botanica. Vols. 8-28. Genova, 1804- 192 Mtien, Heinrich Lupwic Herman Die Befruchtung der Biumen durch Insekten und dte ae eh Anpassungen beider. Leipzig, 1873. NAcetr, Cart WILHELM von, & Prrer, Gustav Avsert. Die Hieracien fittel-Europas. Band 2, Heft 1-3. Miinchen, 188 Notices statistiques sur les polonies francaisés. 4 vols. Paris, mew Post, GeorceE Epwarp. Plantac Postianae. Fasc. 1-9. Lausanne & Ge- néve, Saint HIatre, "Avcustt In Francots César ProuvENsaL DE. Notice soivante-dix cspeces et quelques variétés de oy es ae, trouvées dans le Dépariment du Loiret, depuis la publication de la Flore Oana de M. Pabbé Dubois. (Orléans, ae PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Gardey, monthly, containing notes, ws, and pon: See articles. ree on eS bes the Garden. To others, 10 c 1.00 a year. in nty-seventh volume. Mycologia, Bennie aevoted to fine aaa ee $4.00 a year; pinele co copies. not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its eight- nt. Radeon mseienly. devoted Exel ery to colored plates accompanied by popular descriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty-two in each volume. Bune EHH price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its eleventh volume. Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden, containing repo th Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and echnical eerie em- bodying results of investigations. Free to all members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its thirteenth v North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild | Rae ee Now Amer- ica, including Greenland, the West Indie ice, and Central Am Planned vo uu part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not ° 4 © [ary 5 ) 4 (2) 4B 45 Pa as Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, $1. a Ser volume. To others, $3.00 ol. An Annotated Catalogue a the Flora of Montana and the Yel- ee rk, by Per Axel Rydber g. ix-+ 492 pp., with detailed map. eve ali, abe Influence a se and Darkness upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDou xvi-+ 320 pp., with 176 figures. 10903. Wiollh Ait Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous gee from Hoa Jar ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii 138 pp., with 29 909, Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Elentss by Charles Stuart Gager. NEE 8 pp., with 73 figures and ae Saag Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New Contribution ES Plant Geography, py Norman Taylor. vi+ 683 Eo ar 9 plate Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the Tay ete) Anni- versary of The New York Botanical Garden. viii-+594 pp., with 43 plates and many text eaures 1016. Contributions from The New perk Botanical Garden: A series of tech- nical papers written by students members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than ae ata es Price, 25 cents each. $5 .00 per vol- ume. In the twelfth volum THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN onx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION ; Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden are: Four hundred acres of piphaner oA diversified land in the northern att of the City of New York, through whic h Hews: fs Bronx River. A n mlock forest is one of he features of the Plantations of thousands of native and db trees, shrubs, and flowering plants. Gardens, including a beautiful rose Barden, a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden: pad containing thousands of maa plants from America and fo ntri Ee, aay throughout ine year—in ine spring, summer, and autumn dis fo} issi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water- ties adic, dahlias, end chrysa Frliemline: in the winter, displays of ming me on nge ae bits of fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants occurring rertiGe one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the e mic uses of plants He alae m, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign peace Exploration in diff t parts of the United States, the West Indies, conte and South eee for the study and collection of the character- naa Gee Sci c research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library of bolanesy literature, comprising more than 34,000 books and numerous pamphlet Public le cness i a iereat variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the y Publications on Teac subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of popular, interest. he education of school cldldiee and the public through the above features and the giving of free information on botanical, horticaltaeall ae Haya subjec e Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the city NOE New York, pr ate benefactions and membership fees. It possesses now n arly thousand members, and applications for membership are pres nia The classes of membership are: Benefactor single contribution ees Patron c single contribution Bellow Moree: a. ceeece ane shetharene single contribution oan Member forslife cud ones sce cece single contribution 250 Fellowship Member ........ veeeeee annual fee 100 Sustamimne!Member seca cece i conn fe 25 ArnnualiMemberiecarteeencreecce nual fee Contributions to the Garden may he ace eon taxable incomes. The following is an te form of bequ I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Lee PRP under the Laws of New York, Chapter a of 1891, the sum of ———— All requests sal pea! ai should be sent to RK BoTaNICAL GARDEN susowe pee NEW YORK CITY VII Aveust, 1926 No. 320 JOURNAL OF IGNONIADS H. Russy LANT ARROW-POISONS: THEIR SOURCES, PREPARATION, Y A EFFECTS PH H. CHENEY A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY OF FOSSIL PLANTS AR Houck IRIS AND ITS CULTURE GerorcE M. REED POETRY IN THE NAMES OF FLOWERS URA ERS NOTES ON BIRDS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN R. S. Wii1ams DR. WILLIAM E. WHEELOCK N. L. Britton NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. Tuer Science Press Printing CoMPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Leg, President poLPH LEwIso OHN Henry W. DE Forest, Vice Presiden Kener K. rare ig F. K. Srurats, Vice Presiden RINGTON Moo Joun L. Merrit, Tilden | e ”?. N N. L. Britton, Secret pa Roreeeea Morris Epwarp D. A BOLD Henry ve Forest BALDWIN NicHotas Murray BuTLer H. Honan Ose AUL D. CRAVATH Cuartes F. ND OBERT W. DE ForEST Hersert M. RIcHARDS Cups Frick HE H. Russy Wi1aM J. Gres GrorGE . A. HARPER Mortimer L. ScHIrF JosEPH P. HENNESSY Wrti1am Boyce THompPson James F. Kemp W. See THOMPSON James J. Wacker, Mayor of the City of Ni ork FRANCIS DANA tenes Presaen of the: Depament of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NicHotas Murray Butter, Pu. D., FREE S. Leg, Pu. D., LL. D. ED wenn): Hersert M. ee Sc. D. WiuaM JEGiEs Ps Henry H. Russy, M. D. Georce J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF RITTONS EDS SCE) so eIl SD heya eee Director aha aes Dire age ‘urator Curator Curator Paleobotanist Associate Curator Patmyre DE C. MitcH Associate Curator Joun HEnprEy Bannan ACUMIML MDE Wi cls ctienane ae sine eae Bibli iographer Sarau H. Hartow, _M. ibrarian . H. Russy, M. Dy Haren Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections Euizasetu G. Britton Honorary Curator of Mosses Mary E. Eaton rtist KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gardener Rogpert S. WILLIAMS Adminis gee Assistant Hester M. Rusk, A. M. Technical Assistant . Denstow, A. M., D. D. .....Honorary Custodian of roca erbarium E. B. SouTHwIck, PHD ea ae Custodian of Hlerbaceat Grounds Joun R. Brrn-ey, C. E. dscape Engineer oe Sh Grossneck Clesk Sahl Accountant HOUR) Ji CORBETT, ee cel eee: Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden Voi, XXVIT AuGust, 1926 No. 320 TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS AT HOME—V. THE CLIMBING BIGNONIADS ae amily Bignoniaceae is chiefly notable for the graceful habit of its climbing vines and the loveliness of its abundant eee ers, neither of which characters is suggested in its somewhat cumbersome and unmusical name. he only Peet of the family that is generally known to residents of o orthern clime is the Catalpa, or bean tree, and trumpet-creeper. Their form is more or less campanulate, at ee 16 170 toward the mouth, and their curves more full and flowing. Their colors are lighter and more delicate, frequently variegated, but i atalpa. The color: ae) not with the abrupt markings of Catal 1 blend gradually with each other, as in our petunias and morni glories, of whic ese flowers much remind us. T- unks of hese vines are for th st part stout and woody, and they climb wide and high the manner of our wild grapes. They double and twist into an i icable and often impenetrable tangle of branches lowering within the shade is unusual, but wherever branch reach ight, it puts forth its flowering shoots in such numbers that the entire surface of the forest border becomes so common in this as in some families of climbers. Farther down 171 river, we saw trees naa covered with magenta and Although these ee are widely distributed and abundan throughout most of tropical Ane I think their special oe ay be regarded as being along shores of the lower Orinoc long distances. There, , we find more variety of color than elsewhere, both as to the mingling of species and the coloration of the individual flow e flowers are usuall ry large of an open Some that I have seen there were several inches in i : as pa n ordinary morning-glory. These res prese nificent spectacle on an early morning in May, ea a ee a nocturnal shower, with the colors reflected in the morning sun. I have spoken of softness as coe | . downi = o w 2g. °o 5 oe ~ =| + ct =" 9 + 2 77 Bo] 5 oO ina © ing = << Qo c o + t=] a=) © 4 o ot ° ~ 3 ° a ec effe ness that usually clothes them, too fine to be itself appreciate, but lending a distinct tone to the coloration. Some of these colo look, pe wholly to these vines, trained to the a and great interest, because of their peculiar forms and faces. Often they are long, narrow and bean-shaped, at other times ob- long, ellipsoidal or rotund. They frequently have a keel or rib 172 traversing the middle of the flattened sides. At other times, each 0 ct. ial fa ian a oOo un < = a & @ cat wo ay > g. fe) go. o 5 o a ae a C7) oe s a iz) > a wm 3 5 o o oO & diagonal r w while in others, the entire surface is thickly beset with a ae or slender warts. The seeds are no less interesting, especially when their move- ments through the air are observed. Indeed, I have often thought T have watched them blowing or falling, what a highly abstruse 8. n ese ends may terminate in an e: € gin with a reg lar curve, or the curv y be oblique or variously toothed or ringed. It is obvious that such differences, acco ied a different relative position of the body, t cause totally different motions as they pass through the air. I ha en them falling from the top of a tree, — a spiral course in a n wind, they may assume an oscillatory movement. Gr ovine, as Te alrrabidaea is one of the largest of our genera. Although its flowers are among the smaller ones, they are produced in great long, narrow and flattened, and their surface is ee colored in the different species, being white, rosy or of various h I i shades of yellow anther cells are attached at the summit and stand divaricately, as is the case in most of the gener. n this genus they are more or less bearded with stiff ha Alacfadyena is one of the most showy members of the family, all things considered. Its flowers are very large, with broad 173 cy and throats and of showy colors, such as magenta and and are loose ely and ee disposed. Its flowers are es by having the calyx t down one side. The spe- cies are very numerous and are Lee distributed in tropical America, adding greatly to the floral display of t iddle and lower Ande uspidaria is similar and equally inten and is distinguished by its elongated pod, which has four corky wings along its Adenocalymna is so similar as to its howy flowers, which depend i aceful racemes he axils fro: of the leaves. It has broad, oblong pods, crossed ohliniels by rts. One of the most graceful and elegant groups, comprising slen- der vines, pertain to the genus Anemopaegma, of which there m stipules. The flowers are ered aes - usually borne in loose clusters in the axils of the leav Their slender flowering stems are usually much elongated set edi ly aie to being formed , though far nearly so. Callichalmys is so named in allusion to its beautifu I k as r ave received non-professional at a“ being adapted to culture in the open air outside of the tropics, they are also n o conservatory culture except where pace is abundant, while to those who visit the tropics they are vals of 5 to 6 ft. seauld present an appearance of unique impres- iveness. H. H. Russy. 174 PLANT ARROW-POISONS: THEIR SOURCES, PREPARATION, AND EFFECTS? wo theories were offered as plausible explanations of ae question, “ How did plants come to be used for arrow-poisons?” The snake-bite theory assumes that the natives, upon seeing ae terrible effects of a snake bite, which was apparently accom- plished by merely piercing the skin with a sharp point and inject- ing poison, came to smear their sharp arrow tips with poison when hunting or in w The latex- smear oom which was favored by the lecturer, a f arr sons is lost in antiquity. Me them is made in the Bible (book of Job) and by Homer, ‘Virgil liny, Alex- ander the Great, and other classical writer. rrow-poisons are derived only from the flowering plants. The greatest number of species and the mos he deadly ones are f ortae,” a grou plants in which the flower parts are mo less fused together and twisted in the bud. The chief exception is the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria), whic Indo-Malayan relative of the edible any plants entirely devoid of any 0 0: ignorance. ee natives have, however, become familiar in most ka. 0 some regions but never with poisoned darts. There are no records which indicate that the Indians of the United States used vege- Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum of The New Yo rk Botanical Garden on Saturday afte ernoon, March 13, 1926. 175 table poisons extensively for the arrows. The ates of the southwestern Oregon area utilized the stems of three or four plants in preparing arrow-poisons. The Erie Indians re re- ported to have used poisoned arrows about 1635 but it is not ed. he c bean, and pepper plants for their mixtures. Th t effective ison we very specific and rapid. he ia ae. of a very siisleas amount ap: having ‘Strophanthus as a source act upon the heart and muscles. Heart block is rapi Among sae effective ine ee of Africa, is the one pre- pared from the Cala bean, a botanical relative of our Lima bean. carn cee an - Acoca ee belong to the Dogbane Family. Fra Fra arrow poison of the Gold Coast is prepared from Acocanthera, sometimes supplemented by s ven is poison cause teen deaths am fi shightl wounded soldiers in the French Soudan. Death resulted in fifteen to twenty minutes, alt the arrows wer vi e oug! € oved immedi- ately. Experimental injections of this poison rie in the death 176 of frogs within several hours; in rabbits within ten minutes; and in monkeys within fifteen minutes. The principal Das table poisons used on arrows in Asia and Oceanica ar red from forty-nine species of Strychnos, wn i -poiso: most powerful arrow-poi East is called ipoh (a heart poison Ipoh i epared in some instances from Strychnos Tieute in Borneo but ally from «Intiaris toxicaria A. innoxia throughout the Malay hi- pelago is plant belongs to the family of the fig and the hop This Dyak poison is prepared from the latex of the ree Ipoh arrow-poison has filled the literature with many fantastic tales regarding its unusual effectiveness oes possess an ener- after an aqueous injection of 0.002 gm. of ipoh poison when pre- pared from Strychnos Tieute (strychnine). Rabbits, after a subcutaneous injection of .oo5 gm. of Dyak poison when prepared from Antaris tovicaria ae glucoside, antiarin) develop ee spasms, followed by exophthalmos and death within six minute Specimens of the arrow- poison lants were exhibited, including Afric: uw charts and maps were presented to indicate the relationships of these plants to the plant kingdom as a whole and to give the geo 177 graphical limitations of these species and to show the preparation f the poisons. The manufacture and use of the blow-gun and The process is one of the finest examples of Bornean handicraft Ratpu H. CHENE A HiSTORICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY OF FOSSIL PLANTS? The study of fossil plants, or paleobotany as it is commonl which are now no longer in — Such a preface or intro- duction would be considered, as unncessary for even an elementary: text-book on fossil ‘ws but at that time it was a revolutionary scientific pronouncem Our present conception of a fossil j is soauily different from the ideas that prevailed at various times in the past. A fossil may be defined as any dead organic matter, either animal or ve le, which has been buried in th rth and preserved there, either i whole or in part, or which has left its traces there in the form of sents a portion of the earth’s surface soil. Fossils were formed 2 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden, on Saturday afternoon, April 11, 1926. 178 during every day of past time when animal and plant life was ce. They are Ss 0 ti h plants live and die, and their remains are preserved through the normal, ceaseless activities of natural agencies. Ancient ideas in regard to fossil plants, and fossils in general, seem crude, ridiculous, and inconceivable to us, today; but it be, in order that they apie conform to preconceived concepts e universe and its When fossils first ee S attract the attention of observers 10 : fossils were formed by a precess of fermentation in the Ear asto: octo attributed the formation of all fossils to, as he described it, plastic virtue residing in the earth”; and Lister, 7 few years later, described certain fossil shells as “bivalve stones.’ n eantime, : few more acute cage were d bi radually, Ww the orga e recognized, without any idea, however, of the significance w this recognition would inevitably imply. It became fashionable 179 to consider them as the first aac gues of the Creator, before the permanent types of life had £ ma 50 they were the remains of the als and plants that had been destroyed in the Noachian deluge described in the Bible. Several works based upon this latter theory were published, one o e best known of which is Johann Jacob Scheuchzer’s “Herbarium Diluvianum,” issued in 172 n thi “Herbarium lood,” minerals, crystals, concretions, bones of fishes, shells, and leaves are depicted, often exaggerated in de- tails and ar as the author thought they a to loo in order o his ideas concerning them Critical students, however, had be: to announce that m iy 4 o on wn a ro rx} 4 uy = @ oa ‘3 2 ° i=" mn - fm ct in o ie 7 early centuries of the Christian Era—and ev arters as recently as the present century—a literal interpretation of the Scriptures was tho , by many earnest and well-meaning pe on biology and legislative educational enactment. It ought, at least, to command i respect antiquity. After the pateee of Schlotheim’s book the advance of sci- r by Sch ee was taken up and continued by Brongniart and 180 Sternberg, by whom the study of fossil plants was placed upon a fir ing the scope of paleobotany and making it an indispensable ad- junct to critical stratigraphic work in geology. In recent years botanists have been taking a constantly increas- ing interest in the study of fossil plants, as indices of the evolution as pr the world’s main centers for paleobotanical research, in connec- tion with its constantly increasing collections of fossil ae and literature relating to the subject e lecture was illustrated by a series of lantern slides illus- trating the earlier attempts to depict fossil plants; critical studies of plant remains by modern methods of sectioning and photog- raphy ; the practical application of paleobotany in connection with economic geology; etc ARTHUR Ho_tick. 181 IRIS AND ITS CULTURE? The ae bs an old garden favorite. One variety, /ris florentina, which is of the sources of the orris root of commerce, was grown at ae as early as 1500. In most of the older ee there was at least a clum of blue or ers flags. The iris be genus is a very large one and the various species are eT 0 hemisphere, nes some of their relatives are important fea- he v e have oie deetoed about one hundred and sixty Spee ies u sses. O} d division is into tl s and rhizomatous irises. The former are repr b nish, English, utch varieties, which are wn for cut flowers in the late winter months. The rhizomatous irises include a large number of fairly distinct types, the best know: which the tall bearded irises which constitute so con: ous a feature of e these but the Japanese kinds are best known. These have been developed in Japan and have been transported to other parts of the world. By judicious selection the blooming season for irises may be relatively long one. In this vicinity, in a favorable spring, we stract of an sues lecture given at The New York Botan- ical Garden on May 1926. 182 may have blooms of Iris reticulata in the latter part of Ma a may be grown in moist situations. A great majority of the irises, however, thrive best in good garden soil. The American Iris Society is composed of people who are espe- ris. cially the Japanese varieties, is the main feat e lecture was illustrated - about ets colored lantern slides which showed many of the species and varieties of irises, well as their use in garden plantings. Georce M. ReEep. POETRY IN THE NAMES OF FLOWERS! any of the names of trees and plants are so old they open y bor Central Asia and are more on to the whole stre: of related nations they must es ee ma not only centuries but for millennia The (sanction of the study of plant names has its foundation in two instincts, a love of nature and a curiosity about language. is i i reside. name of flowers tell of ancient mythologies and strange superstitions 1 Abstract of a ture given in the Museum Building a The New York Ae aes on Saturday afternoon, March 6, 1926. 183 now almost forgotten. In the names of flowers man has revealed his appreciation of their beauty, and as many of them were named by poets the names will speak to you as do the flowers — For identification the botanists have given to every known plant which it can be recognized all over the world. “These names should always be used when scientific accuracy is sought but for = ate day use it is thought to sound pedantic. We do not say “L ful is populifolia’’ when we wish some one to admire a white bir There should be no oe in the use of botanical and and one literary. In Britton Brown’s great work, “The Illus- trated Flora of the Northern States and Canada” yo Nl find thousands of these vernacular names, y not in any other pub- lication. Dr. Britton says that Judge Brown tool at pains in collecting these names from the ends of the as he felt they ald be treasured on account of their great a nd poetic beauty as well as the fact they had come from the hearts of the people. These popular folk-names contain history, romance, and poetry as well as pis and superstition. To realize what the flow- ers have been to man, we need only to hear their names. Maeter- link says nie ‘sound like persons in a play, dancers in a fairy scene in the forest of Arden; to call their names is to recite a poem.” No one questions the power of a name to produce personality and most of us realize that the poets by vivid descriptive names s. How glad dea be a high honor to name a flower. There are new flowers 184 constantly coming into our gardens from foreign lands which need descriptive English names. In maki t me “Anemone,” the wind flower, which has the softness or a or g mes e Who was the poet who first called the daisy the “day’s eye” and saw in its shining “petals” the rays of the sun? ~AURA LEE ROGERS. NOTES ON BIRDS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN? The speaker was inclined to think that since the advent of so many more automobiles after the opening of the Bronx River spring connected to by a dry path and the few eggs laid ere destroyed or carried off almost immediately. A: transi- ent visitors to the Garden were th -billed grebe, two great blue herons, and a woodcock, none of these remaining more than a day or two Of owls at least three species were noted the past season, the oO for his screech, totally different from his rather melodious hoot- ing, is he tes one is ever likely to hear in t! oods from one o the other. The little screech owl, with e his soft, pega melancholy notes, is certainly misnamed if ever a bird w 1 Abstract of a lecture given in The Central Display House of Con- servatory Range No. 2, on Saturday afternoon, February 6, 1926. 185 A bird that visited the Garden for the first time in some pa years, the quail, brought out a brood again last sum A s found at haying time, containing seventeen eggs an all were hatched July 1 e young were able to st 3, when y Augus teen were noted and about half this number were recently seen. Two quail eggs shown were from a nest found some four years go that was placed in a hollow, surounded only by tall grass and ng of the wo from a much-used path suspected until the grass was cut down a machine. The mother bird stayed on the nest till the machine passed over her, then flew out behind, never to return, after what must have been to her a most terrifying experience. The eggs and nest were not injured and were left just as cee were a some time, the eggs all e Usually one or more pairs are observed nesting. Two ee y: shore of the Gulf of Mexico, suddenly et to return again i wha Various other birds, their nests or eggs, were mentioned mo or less briefly and specimens shown by the speaker before ong R. S. WIL 186 DOCTOR WILLIAM E. WHEELOCK Through the death of Dr. William Efner Wheelock, on Febru- provision was made the Managers for cl of membership in 1895, this action came to Dr. Wheelock’s attention a diately a be enrolled and it was my privilege the Torrey Botanical Club” in 1891. He also studied plants of the Saxifrage Family and p ubliched descriptive lists of them in “ Bul- letin of the Tone Beenie Club,” volumes 17 and 23, in 1890 and 1896. He was very fond of trees, and planted and observed many at his home at Easthampton, Long Island. Dr. Wheelock was born in Manchester, England, January 26, versity, in 1876, and of pa elor of Laws in 1885. He was a delightful companion, loved and esteemed by all who knew him. N. L. Britton. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT The lecture at The New York Botanical Garden on March 2oth was delivered by Oliver Perry Me vyho is a member of the staff of the Newark (N. J.) High School, his subject being “Wild Flowers and their ect Visitors.” The lecture was chiefly the result of Mr. Medsger’s own observations, he having spent much time in the field studying a collecting the flowers and the insects that visit them. He finds that the honey-bee does very little in tw ro owever, are pollinated by the honey: -bee. In the Mint Family 187 alone there are at least forty-five species in northeastern United States which were brought here from Europe and Asia, the ich e insects come to the for nectar pollen, they are captured the spiders. In turn these spiders are capt and carri ff by the -dauber wasps who place them in their nests as food for the young. M ger showed a succession aie 7 tures of flowers from the skunk cabbage, the rst blos ring, to the lat nm bloomers and tol what insects eee them and how ie ie the blossoms. rry, Hea of pega in Th Edward W. Ber he Johns Hopkins Univeragy, Baltimore, Md., an illustrated lecture n “The Geological History - Plants” the Museum Building als, upon well as that of man and civilization so largely depended, were 188 dwelt upon in considerable detail. The lecturer closed with an ac- count of the egies and past distribution of several of our more interesting forest tre ACCESSIONS BOOKS PURCHASED FROM THE GENEVA BOTANICAL GARDEN, AUGUST, 1923. (Contr usp) cunals of Botany; edited by Charles Konig and John Sims. Vols 1, 2. London, 1805-06. 5 Archives de botanique. 2 vols. Paris, 1833- Aretagzus. De causis et signis actuorum, et ti ‘uturnorum morborum a i lib w. De curatione ibri iv. Edittonem curavit Hermannus Boe haave. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1735. Baker, JoHN Givzert. North Toe: see of its botany, geology, climate and physical geography. London, 1 Bargosa Roprtcues, Joko. Contributions du ae botanique de Rio de Janeiro. Nos. 1-4. Rio de Janeiro, 1901-07. 4. Bras, AnTornE. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du département de Aveyron. Villefranche, 18 Bulletin de la Société ehortcae pratique du dépariement du Rhone. 1848/49-1856. Lyon, 1848-18: CaNDOLLE, AUGUSTIN Hata pe. IJcones plantarum Galliae rariorum nempé incertarum aut nondum delineatarum, Fasc. 1. Parisiis, 1808. pave ae RT. Voyage au Yemen: Journal d'une excursion en fait en 1887 dans les montagnes de l’Arabie heureuse. Fasc. Pa: De.pino, Giacomo Gursepre Feperico. A pplicazione per la classificazione delle piante. 6 parts. Bologna, 1888-1896. Dierricu, Da’ es Frrepricu. Synopsis plantarum. 5 vols. Vimariae, 1839— Dreret, LEopotp. a aa der Laubholzkunde. 3 vols. Berlin, 18&- 18 Drake DEL Castiti.o, EMMANUEL. Flore de la Polynésie Francaise; de- Scviption des plantes vasculaires qui croissent pete ément .. au les de la Société, Marquise, Pomotou, Gambier et Il'allis. Paris, 1893. Du Buysson, Ropert. Monographie des cryptogames vasculaires d'Europe. arts. Moulins, 1888-1893. Exus, Joun. Beschreibung Dionaea muscipula aus dem englischen tibersest und herausgegeben von J. C.D. Schreber. Eri: Fée, ANToInE LAURENT APOLLINAIRE e Linné rédigée sur les docu- ments autographes laissés rand homme. is, par ce ; Gautier, Gaston. Catalogue raisonné bee la flore des Pyrénées- Orientales. Perpignan [1898]. 189 GiEze, Baptiste Marie Lours. Etudes botaniques et agronomiques sur les Typha et quelques autres plantes palustres. Villefranche-de- Rouergue, 1912. Git, Fitirro Luict, & Xuarez, Gaspar. Osservasioni fitologische sopra alcune piante esatiche nit in Roma fatte nell’anno 1789. [Fase. 2] Roma, 1790. aia JuLEs. oo sur Vanatomie des feuilles dans les Renoncu- Gene Ania Observations on the British species of Carex. [London, 1794.] GorDon, Gronce, A supplement to Gordon’s Pinetum. London, 1862. GRAVEREAUX, JULES. Roseraie de Hay (Seine) Catalogue, Ree, [Paris, 1g00.] Haserranpt, Gorriies JoHannes Friepricu. Die Lichtsinnesorgane der Laubbidtter. Leipzig, 1905. Ueber die Beziehungen swischen Function und Lage des Zell- kernes bei den Pflanzen. : ; Haticsy, EuceNn von, RAUN, Heinricu. Nachtrage zur Flora von ieder-Oesterretch. as 1882. HALLER, ALBRECHT VON. istotre des plantes suisses; ou, maticre médicale et de l'usage économique ne plantes. 2 vols. Berne, Hatwrer, Hans Gortrrep. Ueber Kautschbionen und ander A poticeh, nebst Bemerkungen iiber Hevea und einem Versuch zur Losing der Nomenklaturfrage. Hamburg, 1900. Hand-list of ied plants cultivated in the Royal Gardens [Kew]. London, a Harvey, WILLIAM HENry, , WILuELM. Flora capensis ; being a Stunahe seseription a a ens of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal. Vo Dublin, 1859-1865. HassKarL, Justus ek Newer Schliissel eu Rumph’s Herbarium amboi- nense. Halle, 1866. Hassler, Emi. Addenda og HIgh eS Teese ans: [Genéve], 1917. ichefl. Wi Hayek, Aucust von. Die 1g : ien, 1901. HELLRIEGEL, HERMANN, & WILFARTH, HERMANN. see sur Palimen- tation azotée des Graminées et des Légumineuses. Nancy, 1891. Hécx, Fernanpo. Die nutzbaren Pflanzen und Tiere Am a. und der alten Welt verglichen in Besug auf ihren Kultureinfluss. Leipzig, 1884. ost, Nikotaus THomas. Flora austriaca. 2 vols. iennae, i 31. Hu LOT, FRIepRIcCH WILHELM HEINRICH AN. ,& q ACI LEXA sur la géographie des plantes, ac- agné d'un table physique des régions équinoxiales. Paris, 18 a i= fh io) a a s 2, Huswot, ‘4 Antilles francaises en 1 et essai sur leur distribution géographique ans ces tles. Caen, 1870. es cruptogames recueillis aux hi 190 Chardons nancéiens; ou, sc. I. ncy, Hvssenor, Louris Cincinnatus Sévertn Lion rodr Nan rome d'un catalogue des plates de la Lorraine. Fa: 35- Iabrbuch des Ha as pestinds eae und des botanischen Mu- seums su Berlin Berlin, 1881-1889. D cel ic, garns. Wien, 1909. Kanitz, ‘Aucust Plantas Romaniae hucusque cognitas. i eee KarELIN, Ca y Smiitscx, & Krrtrow, Ivan Porririevicn. Enumeratio planta rum in desertis Songoriae orientalis ef in jugo summarum al- 842. collec: KitarseL, Paut. Additamenta ad floram hingarivan @ manuscriptis de plantis Hungariae mus. nat. Hung. edidit Augustus Kanttz. Halis Saxonum, I Kuntu, Cari SicisM muND. Flora berolinensis. Vol. Ber 1813. Kunze, Gustav. Supplemente zu Schkuhr’s Riedgrivers pe ee oder, hkuhr’s Riedgraser neue Folge. Band 1. e Halfte. Leipzig, & ae REUR, “Epao Dp JONATHAN. ees anatomiques sur les Convol- andacées wedisuiles Paris, Laurent, Paut. Précis des Mins de travail dats et de constructions restiéres données a l’Ecole royale forestiére. Nancy, 1830. © GRAND, ANTOINE. Statistique botanique : "Fores. Saint cseait 1873. Lestisoupors, GasparD TuHémMistocLe. Phyllotaxte ana que, Ou, re- cherches sur les causes organiques des diverses pee des feuil- les. Paris, 1848. Licnier, Erte AnTorINE Octave. Recherches sur l'anatomie des organe végétatifs des Lécythidées, des Napoleonées et des Barringtoniées. Lécythidacées.) Paris, 1890. LinoLey, JoHN. Aphorismes - Physiologie cae et de botanique. Traduit . PAnglais par ap. Paris, 1838. 'ARDO Y SASTR a osk. Series a Loscos y Bernat, FRANCISCO, fA ES N, Ji niin pie ies Aragoniae praecipue meridionalis. e, 1863. Lae ANTOINE. a de la flore jurassienne. Année 1-7 in 2 vols. Lyon, 1900 [1899 ae VON eae Friepricn Aucust. Flora taurico-caucasica. 08-1 3 vols. Charkoniae, 18 Ma ARTELLL, Ucoitno. Le collezioni di G. E. Rumpf nee dal Granduca Cosimo II de’Medici, una hs es’ em nel Museo di fisica e storia ee a di Firensé. Estratto da un catalogo manoscritto dal G. T. gioni-Tozzettt. Firenze Martins, CHARLES hee Ou Spitzberg au Sahara. Paris Essai sur la météorologie ct la géographie Sia 7 la Peace Paris, [1845.] 191 Masters, Maxwett Tytpen. Synopsis of the South African Restiaceae. [London, 1869.] MazeL, ANT Etudes Panatomie comparée sur les organes de végé- tation dans le genre Car 1891. Mémoires et comptes rendus de ‘a Société émulation dw Doubs. Vols. B o& p 3 5 = 7 I, 3. Micuaup, Lours. Chim ie populne Genéve, 1865. Montteur du Jardin cae i de Tiflis. Livr. 1-32. Tiflis, 1905-1914. MvELter, Ferpinanp JAcos HeEInricH von y to the system of Vie- torian plants. 2 vols MurMann, Otto pea i eitrage sur Pflanzengeographie der Steier- ark mit besonder Beriicksichtigung der Cuan: Wien, 1874. Naturwissenschaftlcher pet er der allgemeinen schweizerischen Gesell- schaft fiir die gesammten Na soiled cid age Vol. 1. Bern, 1818. Nottzblatt des bala botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin. Vols. 1-6. Leipzig, 1879-1917. Pampanini, Renato. Essai sur la géographie botanique des Alpes et en particulier des Alpes sud-orientales. Fribourg, 1 Persoon, CuristrAaAn Henoprrx. Synopsis plantarum; seu, enchiridium anicum. 2 vols. Parisiis Lutetiorum, P¥erFer, WILHELM. Druck- und ‘Arbeitungsleistung durch wachsende Pflanzen. Leipzig, 1893. Piumier, Cuaries. Description des planites de Amérique avec leurs PRONVILLE, AucusTE DE. Monographie du genre Rosier, traduit de Panglais de M. J. Lindley. Paris, 1824. Ramonp ve Carsonniéres, Louis Francois ELisanetH. Voyages au Mont- erdu et dans la partie dseite des Hautes-Pyréné rt REGEL, uaRD Aucusr von. Paut D. CravaT: Rosert W. DE Rear Hersert M. RicHArps Cuitps Frick Henry H Walkers J. cise EORGE J A MortiMer L. SCHIFF JosEPH P. | Heswesse ee Boyce THOMPSON James F. Kem LMAN THOMPSON James J. ie Mayor of the Cir ity 0 if Neu rk Francis Dawson GaLtatin, President He the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NicHoLas Munray BUTLER, Jetzi 1D). Renee S. Ler, PH. D., ee: inn, 1D), Hersert M. Rua Sc. D. aca Je Gis! Pu. D. Henry H. Russy, M. D. Gerorce J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF Ife ey 1aeovory Jet, IDL. Sieh, 1By IE. IDL Goadodsucocoaoccous Director-in-Chief MarsHALL A. Howe, Pu. Dd; ScD a ieee aan Assistant Director Joun K. Sat, Pu. ., SC. TE eeyeteleratertarets Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Stout, Px. D. Director of the Laboratories P. A. RypBErc, Pu. D. H. A. Greason, Px. D. ator Frep. J. SEAvER, Po. D ArtHurR Ho ttick, Pu. D. Paleobotanist Percy WItso: Associate Curat PALMYRE DE C. MITCHELL Associate Curator Joun Henpiey Barnuart, A. M., M. D. ...............2eeeee Bile ib SAEAH H. Hartow, A. M. ev IRUSEYe Mew) roe reer Honorary Curator oh the Economic Cohen EvizanetH G. Britton norary Curator of Noe Mary E. Eaton Artist KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. _Head Gardener RT S. WILLIAMS Admint. ‘sistant Hester M. Ru: .M. Technical Assistant . M. DENsLow, A. M,, DD eric Honorary baer ipsege of Tocal Herbarium ~ E. B. Sournwicx, PrUDe oe seus Cus: of Herbaceous Grounds Joun R. Brintey, C. E. Landseqne Engineer Wa tter S. jes Clerk and Acioaniane ARTHUR Js CORBETT oy oe) reels Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden No. 321 VoL. XXVII SEPTEMBER, 1926 THE SAW-PALMETTO—SERENOA REPENS (WITH TEXT-FIGURES I-4) n we consider the great abundance of the saw-palmetto, and its wide geographic distribution—for it stands second among our palms in the ex of ar inh: rst in abundance it seems strange that the earlier botanical literature of America is so barren of saene to it. The ar ent of its petioles, unique amon ticularly should a attracted the attention and interest of bota: ists and travelers. However, this palm does receive notice in the annals of Florida as early as the end of the seventeenth century in a little book by Jonathan Dicken he fo nee nine ee ese gel are from paragraph 5 of the preface and pages 6, 15, 16, 17, 37, 40, 46, and 79, Sica of that work. There are, pechaps: references to the saw-palmetto in early pa records to which we have not access. ee cea r had so far eri over them, that ae) could eat wit nee an bg are the Palmetto-Berries; the Taste whereof was once irksome, and ready to re e e t “ . but the Wilderness country looked very dismal, ‘havin ng no trees, but only Sand-hills covered with shrubby palmetto, the aye : cting providence, man’s surest hel de: fen nee, in fe 3 =] oO i=j ] a 5 i=j a eae) oO S a & iJ a oO gS =e sh reck; and also from the cruel devouring jaws of the inhuman can- nibals ét Florida.” Philadelphia, 1699. 193 “BPLOLy ie[nsutusd ur Asuoy FO sarjtjueNb Jsea Jo aoanos ay} ate Aay J, *soaq Ayyersodsa ‘sjoasur Aq paqywonbasy youu ase Aayy, “juessesyz AIBA 918 SIIMOH aM ay, “sayouesy Apjuanbas; oyswyed-mes ayy ‘paurusajs-apdus ApedAy YBnoylpy “ropes ayy ut dummy e pue aimsy JO pus yoes je sjueyd [enpraipuy ‘epopy ‘fereavuey ade> reau ‘1omoy ul ‘(suadas vouadaG) oyawuped-Meg ‘1 TUNOTT me rhe BERET eS eg ae iS a ; : Ba 195 Stalks | of which were prickly, so there was no walking amongst them ;’ “After we space ee ie es ae ee the deep Sand, other w. m eG bend one to another, making an Arch, na covering ie m with Thatch of small Palmetto oe ‘ Indian b . an Indian brought a h boiled, on a ahead Leaf, and set it down amongst us, see igns for wu “The Cassekey [King] then went into his eo eated himself on his Cabbin cross-legged, having a Basket of pets Berries brought him, which he eat very greedily ; “About Noon some Fish were brought to us on small Palmetto Leaves, being boiled with Scales, pi and Gills, and nothing taken from them but the Guts; but our Troubles and Exercises were such, that we cared not for Food.” the Cassekey ordered the Master Joseph Kirle, Solo- bh Crocon, my Wife and me, to sit upon their Cabbin to eat our Fish, and they gave us some ir Berries to a e Sale them, bi ot one amongst us could suffer them to stay 1 uths e could compare the Taste of them to noe ae but rotten Cheese steep’d in Tobacco Juice.’ - ome Time aft e had been in the e came in Indi Women, loaded with Siete of eS mostly of the Palm, some Sea- Coco Plu -sid pes; Of the two e latter we could a a of the Palm oe we could not bear the Ta iste in ae Mou ee i Palmetto which grew nigh, Joseph Kirle and T set to work and made a shelter, y odd years later a book under the flowing title by Wil- ine es was added to the annals of Flo N ACCOUNT OF EAST FLORIDA} WITH A JOURNAL KEPT BY JOHN BARTRAM, OF PHILADELPHIA, BOTANIST TO HIS MAJESTY FOR THE FLORIDAS, UPON A JOURNEY FROM ST. AUGUSTINE UP THE LONDON, 1765.” re at is = recorded th e palmettos likewise grow pretty plentifully between these imide ieeeg and p ands. ‘ ere was a pate roe ay wamp, but the pineland ap- proached n fie river, and generally a ee or more of Pal- see een gently rising between the swamp and pineland.”? “ 2 Quotations from page 3 of the above-cited work and page 34 of a ae ae from the office of the Florida Mirror, Foca "Flom. ida, ei: SERS a ? saw-palmetto ”), and Corypha obliqua, with a description (saw-palmetto). There forms of the saw-palmetto. The plants vary $ a conse- quence of local con ndition ns. Bartra much m evidently met with the two ing in that region, just as may now be found s r soil of savannahs and low pine wood and growing closely appressed to the ground. e other grows in loose sand, is larger and the stem is often ascending or even erect (FIGURE ere seems to be little doubt that all our forms of the saw- palmetto will have to be grouped under the name Serenoa repens André Michaux was born 7 March, 1746, at Satory, near Versailles. In 1782-1785 he was engaged as a botanical explorer in Persia, and fro : aes : ; : rom 1786 1796 was occupie ith a similar mission in the United States, under the auspices of the French gover nt. e collected both living and dried plants, from on Bay to Florida, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, these serving as the basis for his flora of Nort merica, published under € anonymous editorship of Louis-Claude-Marie Richard pia in I. Meanwhile, Mi- sae who had.accompanied t trench exploring aap of 10-05, had died in Madagascar, a November, 1802—Joun HeENpbLEY Bar a liam Bartram was born 9 February, 1739, at the botanic garden count appeared in book form.in 1791. He died at Kingsessing, 22 H. B. July, 1823.—J. “JAOSUT dy} UT Ajyersadsa ‘yuaptAe st stud}s wyed 24} JO Vigqey Burdee19 pue ayerjsoid ayy, ‘spjays 10}sXo are sjods 931M OM}—PUNOISIIOF ay} JO TIUIOD WYBII OY} UT Lads aq AeuI Uap -Plul oy] JO aBpa ayy, “aouLISIP ay} UI Udas aq AvIU URIDO NUE Y ey, “saaNy xepyeH ‘uooSe] dy} UO UapprMUaysTy & ,PUNoyy usatr),, WOIy jsea Buryoo, MaIA ‘914 Aq Jams Suraq Joye yoo, Ady] se ‘epriopy Japuy oynbsoyy svau soungy “© sani 199 unless some one can prove that the assemblage really comprises more than a single species, which is unlikely. In 1803, André Michaux described the same plant as Chamae- rops neg giving as its range the maritime parts of Georgia ora ane “William Baldwin,® writing from Fernandina, Florida, ‘Since I have mentioned some of the vegetable productions of this Island, and among others, the Chamaerops serrulata—I will m Ww mi lants i : e just mentioned, I am acquainted with three others: viz., Chamae- rops Palins. . Hee and C, big Mx. bce is the mies min Adan: the young eee of the Chamaerops serrulata C aed Pie ) are also eatable— are even more sweet and tender than the 2 rmer ai arr My fe owledee of this fact was de- ved from the late Mrs. Catharine Miller, of Dungeness, on Cumberland Tol and. This is generally a humble plant, with a ort, crooked, ain stem, from one to three feet in length a tee wee situati n i fe d has pearance. It is rarely found north of Sav ohne, river. Thomas Nuttall® records under Chamaerops serrulata, that, reali-Americana 1: 206. ats § William ae was born in New oe Chester County, Pennsylvania, 29 March, 1779. He asta China as surgeon on a mer- d Missouri, he died at Franklin, Missouri, 1 September, 1819.— 7 Reliquiae Baldwinianae, 343-344. 1843. bor 8 Thomas Nuttall was n 5 January, 1786, at Long Preston, near Settle, Yorkshi ecame a journeyma inter, and early ac- ired a taste for b y. During thirty-three years of residence in - gland, and made his home at “ Nutgrove,” a small estate near Rainhill, Prescot, Lan- eae where he died 10 Seiteniber 1859—J. H. B. Ficure 4. In pinewoods east of Tampa Bay, Florida. Saw-palmetto ae erect, as it frequently does, contrary. fo: its ae prostrate cae Why it should locally assume an erect habit is a problem. An erect trunk ay originally have been its habit of growth, and individ al Baas ts may ‘thus record: aa ancestral character. On the other it m: ntain blood al a ee ee a ee Palmetto), with which iL frequently ows sufficient use 201 “The central part of the caudex is more edible than that of the preceding [Sabal Palmetto] Dr. Baldwyn. Margin of the stipe serrated with short spines; drupe solitary oblong, nearly twice the size of that of Sabal Adansoni, which it resembles in every other respect.”® The saw-palmetto did not induce our early botanists to write as uch concerning it a: of our other palms did. Perhaps, to) of them saw it only in the northern edge of its range. None of ae saw it at its best. The saw-palmetto stands at the head of the list of our palms tribution. Its geographic range extend m extreme souther olina to southern Florida and e three of our other low-growing palms—Rhapidophyllum, Sabal Etonia, S. minor—it is now endemic in the States What its prehistoric distribution w it came are mysteries that will remain unsolved. It has no close relatives, and it i i in i he other arm northward and westward its growth, both individual an masse, gradually tapers o In the stiff soils towards the extremities of its geographic range, eee where fire is frequent, the plants are often puny d lim : : : i condition fas led to the temporary recognition of more hati one species. The saw- ang is typically a eae ae Ages ago ence have be numerous root destroying conditions, just as many other plants seem to have done, particularly in fire-swept regions (FIGURE 8 The Genera of North American Plants 1: 231. 1818. 202 As intimated above, its stems are not always prostrate. In localities protected from fire, such as stream-banks, and barren coastal sand-dunes, one often finds groups and even groves of these palms with erect stems growing up to twenty-five or thirty feet tall (Ficure 4). e€ saw-palmetto has several unexplained peculiarities of growth. It seems to grow best in loose sand seemingly devoid of i it doe i nourishi It prefers dry soil, but it S grow in es throughout its range and in wet sink-holes on the lower Florida evs ther, the saw-palmetto abounds in pineland, on prairie, nd in hammock e latter, being protected, the ts ar often erect a’ metimes much branched. In the pi oods he plants are usually quite evenly distributed; in the prairies they are collected into irregular or circular “islands” ranging from a few square feet to many acres i The plant is one of the two most Geek and abundant vegetable elements of the “ scrub,” Y conspicuous plant there being the spruce-pine (Pinus clausa) eastern coast of Flori he sa has, usually, light-gray or r nearly white foliage, and is very prominent among the other vege- tation, especially in contrast with the pine trees and the deep- rosem i ry es). Like the cabbage-tree, the saw-palmetto is amphibious, and it also thrives in the various kinds of water within its range, which are represented by soft and hard, acid and alkali, and fresh and Joun Kk. SMatt. BOTANICAL TRAVEL IN PERU AND CHILE? The speaker has long been interested in the plant-life of the 1 Andes, ing twice visited Colo and the northern Andes for botanical work, spending over a year in that country. Th expedition now described, in 192 5, was to the middle wholly in Peru and Chile. On the trip he was accompanied by Mrs. Pennell, and a niece, Miss Sara M Pennell. 1 Abstract of an ae ie given at The New York Botan- ical Garden on March 27, 203 The lecturer told first of the physical background of western some mention was made of the remarkable early Amerindian cul- tures both of the coast and of the Andean highlands, the ern and most recent of which was the Inca empire. We ow the Indian agriculture a surprisingly large number of our ae food plants. After attending as a delegate from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia the Third Pan-American Scientific Con- gress, held at Lima, Peru, in r out six month were spent in field-study and plant-collecting. In any with two ee of ae National Muse oe Chile, an excursion was take om San the m of centra ieee south touched by rain. The plants obtained included many delicate annuals, the seeds of which must be able to rest for years await- ing the aah year when rain falls. "OF ¢ course many 0 alee ae to snow on Chachani, the highest snow- Peake ve Arequipa, the party ascended a anes to the “‘ puna” or Nea table- ied on which is Lake Titicaca. The plants collected e the most uniformly Cae ae the speaker had ever seen, more so even than those that grow high above timber-line 204 m the Andes of Colombia. On the puna were seen the row course is sufficiently exciting. In central Peru the expedition yan several places nthe 0 that were fir: Lima inland to another pass some fifty miles farther south. Life 205 in Canta is simple but hospitable, and in June the high mountain- slopes on every cae were still clothed with verdure. Particularly i es cad: la out Canta and in ravines and b were m: its neighboring | and high up to over 4, ers, ri l- lections were made, including many species of Calceolarias and other plants Ithough most of the plants gathered at Canta science The collections of the expedition were made on behalf of The hicago, ested in the botanical oes of Per anes W. PENNELL. THE SWAMP CYPRESSES t Professor Augustine Henry and Mrs. Marion McIntyre have tecenuy published in ‘ Meee tiaas of the Royal Irish serge a ( O-110, pl. 18) results of ae ples studies upon “The Swamp Cypresses, Glyptostrobus of China and Taxodium of America, with notes on allied ites! oie Ge kindly pre- sented a copy of this work to our libr. rary. tory is discussed in detail. This “ water pile e” of the Chinese (Glyptostrobus pensilis) produces “ knees” from its roots, sim- genera are similar in other respects, but differ in detailed charac- ters of flowers, cones, leaves, and wood. In pean a 206 in some Taxodiums the trees become bare or nearly bare of leaves in winter, by the peculiar deciduous branchlets, this habit having given one of the trees of the ele United States the well-known name “ Bald Cypress.’ Glyptostrobus is one of the rarest cultivated trees in Europe, under glass at the botanical gardens at Kew, England, and at Glasnevin, Ireland. The geological history of Taxodium is not discussed by Pro- fessor Henry and Mrs. McIntyre; Dr. Arthur Hollick has given me data, however, see ne a distribution in the Tertiary to e been at least as broad in the northern hemisphere as that o ee ae ere are A living forms of Tarvodium, all North American. (1) The Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum), which has a natural range in the wild state from New Jersey to Florida, In- . Yor! Botanical ae in a are now about 40 feet high ; the linear ar two inches ieee: its oan is rather thin. (2) The Pond Cypress (T. alee inhabits the coastal plain from the Dismal Swamp in southern Virginia to Florida ly at New Y It species distinct from T. distichum, while herbarium students have often concluded that it is merely a variety. Dr. John K. Small, who has studied these trees: over most of aC = =} yee 4 ° a 3 = 4 m = 7B =| tet 2 pce] as waa bat aa > fa) wm ° & ae a oO Ne wn Oo 2 3B = i d ferent enough, although it must be admitted that the flowers and 207 the cones of the two are very much alike. On this point the con- clusion reached by Dr. Hen rs. McIntyre is that T. ad- scendens is a sport of T. distichum, if this is the t r re- tation of the case, it is, perhaps, the most widely distributed and abundant sport kn in the wild state. In southern ida, ere are many s miles densely inhabit T. ens to the exclusion of T. distichum, er branche tree sometimes be age quite like that of T. distichum; we ob- erved this interesting featur e years ago, on one of the trees : e nical Garden when it was about twelve eet high; we took it to be a vestigial character of its ancestor, T. i a . Small has obtained, during visits to the southern States, dh Ww Mexicans Fassdus mucronatum) differ mi t distichum and T. a ndens i nchlets being persistent, the ree thus evergree i re smaller an i e m extreme southe exas. This tree was germi nae from Mexican seed at the Insular Agricultural Experiment five feet in March, 1924; it was oo transplanted to the nurseries of the Porto Rico Forest Servic N. L. Britton. THE BOTANICAL CONGRESS AT ITHACA The International Congress of Plant Sciences ng Inter- national Botanical Congress) held at Ithaca, New York, Augus ed m ou Cor nell Dawei, men) were untiring in their efforts to pro- 208 vide accommodations and entertainment for everyone, and are to be congratulated upon th ults ine hundred registere nbers, more than a hundred ere from the large botanical faculty and the advanced There bout forty from Canada, a! ore than 2 e rom other foreign countries. At least the following nations were represented by more than on legat: ; , En and, Russia, Japan, Switzerland, China, Australia, Holland, Po- land, Czecho-Slovakia, Italy, and Brazil. These were represented by at least on enmark, Austria, Esthonia, Jugo-Slavia, Roumania, Bulgaria, Sierra Leo: oN India, Cuba, Haiti, The Congress was divided into 14 sections; thirteen of them indicated by letters: (A) Agronomy; (B Bacienclogy 7 (C) Cytology; (D) Morphology, Histology, and Paleobotany; (E) ; (G) Genetics; (H) Ho Ecology; (F) Forestry; ) Genetics; ( rticulture; (I) Ph ; (J) Pathology; (K) Pharmacognosy rmia- eutical Botany; (L) Taxonomy; and (M) logy ; the four- teenth consisted members of the Association of Official S sts, who registered as members e Congress and met as a sectio: it. Some of the sections, such ‘ M, were very large, while the smallest was K; but all had attrac- sectional meetings, two or more sections combining from time to o consider matters of mutual concern. arious excursions planned to ae of botanical interest but th in i vicinity of Ithaca were mostly carried out, e un- favorable weather conditions ae Said re the week made these the least oo part of the program. Other ex- cursions of a xtended nature—one as far west as the 209 Yellowstone National Park—were arranged to follow the close of i on Tess, Eight members of the staff of The New York Botanical Gar- den attended the Congress, Drs. Howe, Stout, Rydberg, Sr Seaver, Hollick, Barnhart, and Rusby. Mrs. Seaver and M Barnhart accompanied their husbands, Joun HenpLey BaRNHART. THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLOWER D FRUIT STERILITY An International Conference on Flower and Fruit Sterility was held August oe under the auspices and with the financial sup- i k en; Dr. William Crocker, Director of the ompson In- stitute for Plant Research, and Mr. Leonard Barron, Editor of “Garden and H uilder.”. The Entertainment Committee for the Conference consisted of Mr. John Scheepers, Chairman ; Mrs. Harold Irving Pratt, Mrs. Samuel Sloan, Mr. T. A. Have- ae and Mr. W. R. Coe. The Hotel eet was head- 13th the Conference met for two sessions with the Boyce Thomp- son Institute for Plant Research in Yonkers. The sessions of - 14th were conducted at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. On evening of the 13th an informal gathering and smoker was en- joyed at Hotel Roosevelt The opening address to the Conference was given by Dr. N. L. Britton, Clean of the Executive Committee, and i. He 210 of welcome, from Mr. T. A. H seu President of the Horti- cultural Society of New York, was presented by Mr. Frederic R. Sweden, Germany, Russia , Poland, Japan a n, nae and numer- papers from Noweay, Switzerland, and France were read by title. Distinguished botanists from other countries of Europe and from the Tropics and Hawaii were also present. The at- tendance at the various sessions ger over one hundred persons. The Horticultural Society of New York is planningto publish the proceedings of the Conference as a volume of its Memoirs. A.B. Stout, Secretary, Executive Committee. MRS. W. GILMAN THOMPSON Harriet Howard Pomeroy Thompson, wife of Dr. \W. Gilman Woman’s Auxiliary of the Garden was orga on Februa 3, 1914, and Mrs was a member of its Council and had served on various committees with zeal and intelligence. She took great interest in gardening and at her various es in the city and the c gave it her personal attention and ed some beautiful and interesting results. Sh lis. a Garden Record, inten serve for oranda covering three years mem: d had a very good library of modern books on gardening. She was an active member of the Lenox Garden Club, served for 2iI many years on its program committee and took part in the con- servation of the native flora of the Berkshire region, in which she Dames and had been a member of its Board of Managers, being the fifth in . a William Pitkin. Her father, John Norton Pomeroy, and her brother, Professor John cee Ponieroy ae had compiled and edited a voluminous and standard commpendiuns on legal cases and precedents and Mrs Thompson shared in the family lustre, having a keenly critical literary sense and a retentive memo Her kindly interest and help will be greatly missed in the Ad- visory Council of The New York Botanical Garden and we tender our sincerest sympathy to Dr. Thompson and the members of her family Exvizasetu G. Brr onorary Curae tor, The New York Botanical Garden. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING SEPTEMBER AND BER may be found the program of the Saturday afternoon er are gi Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden at 4 o'clock. Doors are opened at 4:15 to admit late-comers. Sept. 4. “In British Guiana Jungles,” Dr. H. A. Gleason Sept. 11. owas Trails,” Dr. Orland E. White. Sept. 18. “ North American Arctic-Alpine Veusion? Prof. Geo. E. Nichols. Sept. 25. “Dah Dr. Marshall A. Howe. Oct. 2. “The ae Botanic ae at Kew, England, r. Arthur W. Hill, Director. Oct. 9. “Autumn Colors,” Dr. A. B. Stout. Oct. ers,” Dr. G. Clyde Fisher. Oct. “Difficulties in Propagation,” Dr. William Crocker. Oct. 30. eBoranining | in Trinidad,” Dr. Fred J. Seaver. bo QS > a es c 8 i=3 ee fe} 212 NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Dr. Marshall - Howe gave an oo na on “Reef- building ae -forming Plants” before the staff and students of the Marine Geeaal Laboratory at Woods can Mass., on & 3 We are informed by Juan T. Roig of the need of a small botanical garden at the high school of Pinar del , western uba, this being the first collection of living native hae as- semble Pp s there are many spe 0 plants in the ground and 800 in Meteorology for July. The total precipitation for the month 19 in he maximum temperatures recorded for each week e€ 95.5° on the roth, 88° the 17th, ro2° on the 22nd and 87° on the The minimum temperatures were 58° on the 8th, 52.5° on the ath, 62° on the 20th and 57° on the 27th. AM oo for August. The total precipitation recorded at he New York Botanical Garden for the month was 6.52 inches. T the 11th, 86° on the 17th, and 95° on the 2oth. The minimum temperatures were 61° on the gth, 60° on the roth, 57° on the 22d, and 5934° on the 28th ACCESSIONS LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM JANUARY 1 TO JULY 15 Acta societatis regiae scientiarwm upsaliensis. eae Stockholmiae, 1744-51. (Given by Mr. K. K. ckenzie.) Acar, MapeLine. Garden design in theory and pes Philadelphia, 1912. ANGIER, BELLE Sumner. The garden book of California. San Francisco, 3 ARBER, AGEs (Rosertson). Monocotyledons; a morphological study. Cambridge, 1925. 213 Bassett, Mary E. (Stone). Judith’s garden. Boston, Se Bears, KatHarine M. Flower lore and legend. N' 1917 Berry, Epwarp WILBER. Tree ancestors; a glimpse into i ‘past. " Balti- more, 1923. Bonar, Lez, Hotman, Ricuarp Morris, & Rousn, Loutse. A laboratory guide for a course in general botany. New York, 192 Botanique de la jeunesse. Paris, 1812. Bower, FreperrcK Orpen. Plants and man. London, 1925. (Given by the author. Boyte, ELreanor Vere (Gorpon). A garden of pleasure. Boston, 18 CaLpweELL, Otis WiLtiaM, & SLosson, Epwin Emer . eds. cience remak- world. Garden City, 1923. (Give . Britton.) CameseLL, DOoucLa: ages An outline o shia geography. New York, 1926. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.) CasTLe, AGNES SWEETMAN, . Cate Epcerton. Our sentimental garden. Philadelphia, 1914. oo a the printed books and aang in the library ee “ aed of London. New ed, London, 1925. (Given . N. Sa CaaS MANNING. Senescense and rejuvenescence. Chicago, IQI5. [CHappeLt, Marion.] pode don'ts. Pe ioe 1913. —. Ne 7 ew York, Coan, CLARENCE ARTHUR. a feagrant note ce romance and legend of the flower garden and the bye-way. New York, 1917. R Corey, y, & WE ERBY, CHARLES ALFRED. Hild flower preservation; w York, *I915. Curitts’s botanical magazine a new edition with amended characters A the z . . arranged according to the natural orders. By W. J Ho ndon, 1833. Dana, FRANCES Trropora (Situ). According to season. New York 1094. Davy, a sEPH Burtt. A manual of the flowering eee Be ok ae aes Transvaal ae Saeed South Africa. oe Dr. (Give De La Mare, A. iy oe ‘guide; the amateur gardeners’ handbook. ew rk, DrumMonp, JAMES Lawson. First steps to botany. London, 1823. 182 Earvz, Marta Pee More pot-pourri from a Surrey garden. Fifth impression. London, ELLWANGER, GE ERMAN. ‘The garden’s story; or, pleasures and trials an amateur gardener. .5. ew York, 1893. Flowers, their language, poetry, and sentiment. Pimecmee ¢1870. Fr , Lewts Ransome. Down the Colum New York, 1921. (Given by Mr . L. Britton. The garden of a commuter’s wife, recorded by the gardener. New York [1912.] 214 GARNETT, ae ates sis of California. Boston, 1915. GerarpE, JoHN. ¢ herbail; or, general historie of plantes . much en- larged and pea by The homas as Anson. London, 1633. GOEPPERT, JOHANN HetnricH Roge Die Tertid@re Flora von Schossnitz in Schlesien. G6rlitz, 1855. Goinc, ELten Maun. ith the wild flowers. v. ed. New York, rgor. Hate, Saran JoserHA (BueEIL). Flora’s canal and Fortuna flora. New and enlarged ed. Boston [1848. Hanpasype.” The four aie Philadelphia, 1912. A handbook of useful drugs: prepared under the direction . of the council on eg ine chemistry of the American medical associa- ton. HawortH, Bay eagee Trailmakers of the northwest. New York 1921. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton. Heprick, Utysses Prentice. The small fruits of New York. Albi 1925. (Given by the New oan ‘Siate ole Experiment Sta, 10n. Hipserp, JAMES Suirtry. Familiar garden flowers. Figured by F. Edward panes Vols. 1-2. London, n.d. Hitcucock, Aregert Spear. Methods of descriptive systematic botany. New York, 192 Hore, SAMUEL Revwotps. A book about the garden and the gardener. London, 1892. Hotman, Ricwarp Morris, & Ropetns, WILFRED WILLIAM. i textbook of neral botany for colleges and universities. New York, 19: Hooprr, Lucy. he lady's book of flowers a try. New York, 1842. Hurst, CHARLES CHAMBERLAIN. Experinients in genetics. Cambridge, 1925. JAGER, HerMany, ices und ie sonst und jetzt. Berlin, 1888. JEKYLL, GERTRUDE. Annuals and bie Li n, 1916. Jounson, GEORGE a 4 ea of modern gardening edited uith numerous additions by David Landreth. Philadelphia, 1847. Jones, Mal WGENE. Revision of North American species of Astraga- lus. Salt Lake City. 1923. ARR, ALPHONSE. A four round my garden. oe from the French. Revised and sate es Jj. . London, ‘ Keecer, Harriet Low Our early wild flowers “New York, 1916. —. Our ae eee Ney or 10. Kemp, Epwanp. How to lay out a garden. ae the 2nd. London edition. New York, 1858. Kine, Louisa (Yeomans). Pages from a garden note-book. New York, 1921. Kuinostey, CHartes. Aft last; a aig in the [Pest Indies. London, 1910. (Given by Dr. A. Holli The language and poetry of ee ndon, 1875. LEEUWEN-REIJNVAAN, J. Van, & LEEUWEN, w. ae Van. The soocecidia of the Netherlands East Indies. Batavia 215 Lomas, CHartoT1e Riper. Garden whimseys. New York, Loupon, Jane WELLS (WeBzB). Gardening for ladies; coms American, from the third London edition. New York, 18 Loupon, Joun Peas An encyclopaedia of gardening. [New ed.] Marrertanck, Made oie fashioned flowers and other out-of-door studies. New York, I Mann, Avpert. Marine ae of the Philippine islands. Washington, 1925. (Given by the U. S. National Museum.) Marret, Leon. Les fleurs de la Cote d’Asur (de Toulon &@ Menton). Paris, 1926. (Given by Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham.) Miter, THomas. The poetical language of flowers. New York, 1848. Mitts, Enos Apsryau. The Rocky Mountain National Park. New York, 1924. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart. (Mitcuert, Donatp Grant.] [Vet days at Edgewood. New York, 1865. oe Frank Franxrort. A garden of peace. New York, °1920 Moorr, N. (Hupson). Flower fables and fancies. [Ed. 2] New York, 1904. gEuHAUS, Eucen. The San Diego garden fair. San Francisco, °1916. Nicuotson, Gr one The ilustrated dictionary of gardening. London, 1887. [1884-87.] 4 vols. in 7. upples ee * 880 [188 (Omens: Frepertck Law.]} ae and talks of an American farmer in England. oe Yor , 1852. Parsons, TH s HEN ain alphabetical list of plants in the Royal Botanic Gardens, aren Ceylon. Colombo, 1926. (Given by Dr. Perry, ErizABETH WILLIAMS. age of a plant lover. Sy ae 1921. [PHeEtrs], AtmirA Hart Linco Familiar nee 4 botany. Hart- 4 . Bru: Pine, JouN Buck.ey. The story of Gramercy eG 831-1921. [New York], 1921. ATT, AGNES EDWARDS mS ise ). A garden rosary. Bost P: Price, Uvepate. Essa. r the picturesque, as compared ae ae Ablbne the neg an bed on the use of is ae gee he cue of improving real landscape. vols. ondon Rozerrs, ELarey. The chronicle of a Cornish garden. London, 1 Rosrnso: ee Wituram. The wild garden .. illustrated by pire eee lon, T Rocne Wri, Snow. ily planning. [Ed. 2.] Garden City, 1917. Root, RatpH Ropney, & Keity, Cuartes Fasens. Design in landscape rdening. Ne ork, Igtg. SARGENT, CuarLes Spratue. A guide to the Arnold Arboretum. Ed. 2. 5. Saunpers, CHarLes Francis. Trees and male ns one gardens. New York, 1926. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Bri 216 ae of gardens. London, AND, ALEXANDER INNES, 908. Naturalists’ guide to ne Americas. a bloom in America. New Yor! arden mosaics; philosophical, moral, and ae 1903. een Macon The biology of fale sage New York, 1924. SKI , CHARLES MontTcoMERy. city yard. New York, cies Hepaticarum. Vols. 3-6. Genéve, a Coen FRANz. eorge creme G Stowe. A descripti he h nd gardens of .. ingham and Chandos . at Stowe. London, me TABOR, Making a bulb garden. [Ed. 3.] New York, 1912 [r914]. Making a garden to bloom this year. [Ed. 4.] New York, 1912 {i9r4]. eae {Ed. 4.] New Making the grounds attractive with shrubbery. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado. New Bri 20. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton. ick Rochester, n.d. Wave, BLANCHE ExizapeTH (ABERNETHY). A garden in pink. Chicago, Watcort, Mary Morris (Vaux). North American wild flowers. Wash- ington, Warner, Cuartes Duptey, My summer 1 in a garden. Boston, 1871. Boston, 1901. OI. ER, CANDACE Witirams, Mrs. Les.te. garden in the suburbs. London, WILL NR Moritz. Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs nach . nach G. H. v. Schuberts Lehrbuch der ; ichte. Ed. 4. Esslingen bei Stuttgart, 1887. WILSON, ND aes The cell in development and heredity. Ed. New York, 1925. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Garden, mon aly, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles. Free t o member: of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. Now in its s twenty seventh alutiee Mycologia, bimonthly, devoted to fungi, in including lichens; $4.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in caclenes! Now in its eight- eenth volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied by popular count eas ig flowering plants; ciehe plates in an number, thirty-two in each volume. Subscripti ion price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in exchang e.] No ow in its eleventh volume. Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical ue em- odying results of investigations. Free to all members of t arden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its thirteenth volume. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild blanks of North Amer- ica, including ee the t Indies, and Central America. ee to be completed in volum stro 8vo. Ea onan e to ist of four or more meee as parte Heo eevedne Subscription Pees, “Sr. ee per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not Bifored | in exchange.] Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden: Price to members of ne Rat nde , $1.50 per volume. To others, n Annotated Catalogue ee the Flora . Saya and the Yel- lowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix+ 49 ., with detailed map val: II. The Influence of Light and Bae upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. III. erudies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischer- ville, New ay k, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii 138 pp., with 29 I A rrnffects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager viii + 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. Vol. V. Flora os sia Vicinity of ae York: A Co pinbutien tg Plant ate a eeary of oe fey ork Botanical Garden. viiit594 pp., with 4: plates and n t figures. 1016. ‘Contributions. fom The New York Botanical tae A series of tech- ical papers written by students or member he staff, and Seu Roe journals other han the above. Price, = me each. $5.00 per vol- ume. In the twelfth v THE NEW YORK has Gear GARDEN nx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden hundred acres of beautifully diver sited land in the northern pas of the ‘City of New York, through which flow: vine Bronx River. A nativ he ae forest is one of the features of the t Gardens, seh ding a beautiful rose arden, a rock garden of rock- ad plants, and fern and herbaceous euhouse e8, conpainine thousands of nee plants from America and foreien countries. Flower shows thr roughout the year—in the s sprii ng, summe r, and autum displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, ‘ilies, water lilies, gladioli, aaa and chrysanthemums; in the winter, displays of greenhouse- Speer A Bie ht ts ict fossil plants, existing plant ae local plants pees within ene undred miles of the City of New Yor! and the economic uses of plan An herbarium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign species. loration in different parts of the United States, the West Indies, eenirabiat and South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic cientific dparaay a laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of p A library Fe “hota qutecatns, comprising more than 34,000 books and numerous pamphlet Public eres on a reat variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout th nears: on pede subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of popular, interest. The education of school children and the public through the above fcanires and the giving of free information on botanical, horticultayall as forestal subjects he Garden is depende nt upon an annual appropriation by the City of New York, private benefactions and membership fees. It possesses now nearly two thousand members, and pincer iy embership are always welcome. The classes of membership Benefactor , single contribution ue Patro single contribution 5,000 Fellow for Weifie ons ticiieeintileteniclaouls single contribution 1,000 ember. for Life... ...cs.scccstee es single contribution ellowship Member ............60. annual fe 100 pualetninee member aravexeluna iietevelguaerahate annual fee 25 uododudcnonbad ual fee seen rs a to ae Garden may be neon pal taxable incomes. re following is an bay aici form of bequest: ereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated under he CS of New York, Ciepie 285 of 1891, the s —— All requests for further information vonlalt ie sent to THE a York BotanicaL GARDEN X PARK, NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXVII Ocroper, 1926 No. 322 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE SURVIVAL AND PROTECTION OF HARRIED FLOWERS AYMOND H. Torrey FOSSIL WALNUTS AND LIGNITE FROM PORTO RICO ArtHur Ho.iick IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DISEASES PRODUCED BY MICROSCOPICAL PLANTS RusBy REEF-BUILDING AND LAND-FORMING PLANTS MarsHatt A. Howe FOURTH GRANT FROM THE Neo or THE CHARLES BUDD ROBINSO N. L. a THE BIRCH LEAF-MINER RED J. SEAVER NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN ST jaan Ba ASTER, Pa. THE SciENcE Press Parr @ CoMPAN Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Lee, Presiden ApotpH LEwIsoHN Henry W. DE Forest, Vice President Kennetu K. Mee F. K. Srurats, Vice President B. NGTON Joun L. Merritt, Treasuri . Morcan N. L, Brirron, S: EWIS See calc! More Epwa AM. Henry ve Forest BALDWIN HeEvsRIC BNEW NicHoLtas Murray ButLer Paut D. CravaTH Rosert W. DE Forest Cuips Frick enry H Wiu1aM J. Gres GerorcE J . A. HARPER Mortimer L. ScHIFF JOSEPH IPs PENN ESSe Wru1amM Boyce THOMPSON James F. Kem chy CaN Coens JAMES J. WAteea: Mayor of the City of Ni Francis Dawson ‘GALLATIN, Prcwdenk of hes Dene tae of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS . Harper, Pu. D., Chairman James F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NicHoras Murray Bu UTLER, Pu. D., Frepertc S. LEE, Pu. Di, iLib,, 1D), IAL, 1D), Laem, 1D), Hersert M. Sea Sc D. WiruaM Ap Girs, Pu. D. enRY H. Russy, M. D Gerorce J. Ryan GARDEN STAFF Vi Lk. BRITON, Poe DEtSCiDe Ile Det teyceepe eres Director-in-Chief TARSHALL A. Howe, Pu. 1D), Se. Die Daan waar Assistant Director JOHINGKe SMALL. PH Dei SCD eae neers Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Stout, Px. D. Director of the Laboratories Ryopeerc, Px. D. H. A. Gtrason, Px. Curator RED. EAVER, Pu. D ArtHur Ho ttick, Pu. D. eobotanist Percy WIiLson Assouiale Cura PavtMyre DE C. MITCHELL Associate Curato Joun Henpiey Barnuart, A. M., M. D...................2-- Bibliographer ARAH H. Hartow, f. rarian 1. H. Ruspy, M MA Daten Honorary Curator le the Economic Colecnone LIZABETH G, BRITTON norary Curator of Mosses Lary E. Eaton Artist CENNETH R. Boynton, B. S. _Head Goreme OBERT S. WILLIAMS Admini. Assistant Torasapuro Susa, M.S.AG., hnical Ass Sen 1. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. ..... Honea Cason of Tae Herhonge Bs SOUTHWICK, MEER IDI. «ca eee aie ceous Groun n R. Briniey, C. E. eae e Engen ALTER S. GROESBECK Accountant ARTHUR) J, CORBETT ee uate stele Superintendent of Budlamoe ee Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVIL OctoBER, 1926 No. 322 THE SURVIVAL AND PROTECTION OF HARRIED FLOWERS? All of us who appreciate the beauty, delicacy, and fitness of our shr and trees, in their natural sur- ative flowers, flowerin tbs, roundings, have long been con ed over the threats to their existence owing to the ruthless collection of species of particu- country, and oe to careless gathering of plants wider areas of een and It t b nae however, that there are other causes ing. Second is the damage aes forest or brush fires oy spring and fall brush fires do much more in the y= 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday, July 3, 1926. 217 218 ing and preventing the reproduction of the more delicate species than do the thoughtless ower pickers along the roadsides, and 5 A . : interesting enough, but to my mind not so attractive nor so muc i ooms. The original balance of nature in the hills north and west of New York City has suffered many disturbances since the middle ar. @ Fh ~ S ° ot oO OQ ct. (s ° = ty a ct. ima o > ae} 5 ae = p =i Q 9 for observation and artillery fire, as well as for material for con- 219 struction. With the opening of iron mines and the establishment of charcoal burning for fuel for the furnaces, which began before frequentl or the more ce nee which the ee a Nature was hard ve to combat. r blow to the balance of Nature was the blight to the d a dead trunks and the fallen trees greatly increased the annual fire hazard. In the face of these recurring conditions of difficulty of sur- vival and propagation it is not surprising that many of the plants requiring shade and undisturbed humus have largely disappeared 220 rom our immediate region. It is often noticeable, in reports of unusual plants found by earlier botanists and collectors, that such species have not been found recently in their old stands; changes of various kinds have destroyed them, and conditions have not beds of brick clay ie the lower Hudson led to a nie de- main, and its restoration must artificial planting. Th woodland flowers, the orchids, hepatica, bloodroot, and others had a respite and began slowly t retal tk estates as those previously eteee in the Hewitt family, and the influence of growing education in scientific forestry, in more reasonable management, gave wide sanctuaries for wild life, floral as well as faunal. And, in 1910, when Mrs. Edward H. Harri- man, widow of the railroad deve se gave ten thousand acres of wo tral becoming a safe st: ia for native species and a center for their peda i distribut he program of nature study among the summer campers in ur girl and adult vacationists in the Park. Collection of flowers for 22) instruction is limited to one specimen for each group, and the is not much recreational use, and where the plant may reestablish itself. Berry- and nut-bearing shrubs and trees are being planted for food for game. T have seen several encouraging examples ofa return of plants coming back, especially along old and abandoned wo ads. The purple lady’s-slipper is holding its own; it blooms mnaate n. owy i appearing, and I know of a colony of hundreds of plants less than a mile from a busy highway, but in a spot little likely to be reached by careless ele oe There is a colony of Pogonia in a bog in the Ramapo plateau, with pitcher abe and sundew and the handsome bladderwort, Utricularia cor Outside such preserves, of course, chee ion - attractive plants for commerce and for casual satisfaction seriously threatens i h native orchids, which have almost disappeared from other parts 222 of the state, and any one who visits the region in the heat of mid- g o S wy we o > o ta) o Oo Fh ee fo} 5 tin) or Fcy =i ian a a 2 127) , a. ° ‘5 e 5 = @ Q @ a of the sen gentian ee sendin them to any one w hi S a great fire twenty years ago, might t aariuide restoration of rare herbaceous plants as well. e by afe for t believe there are enough safe strongholds for native species to 223 sustain their existence, until education in conservation has pro- gressed to a degree where they may expand their species, the increase in public sentiment for plant conservation, nd th ly turning out of our schools an ir camps youn: have been taught to spare the flowers, all help gradually to establish a more enlightened understanding of the lace of our wil ers in contributing to our esthetic and spir- itual satisfaction. Conservationists will n to be watchful for a to come, but Nature has her hidden sanctuaries and, ve her a chance, the plants which have been most harried ae i beauty will come back where more of us can see and enjoy them Raymonp H. Torrey. FOSSIL WALNUTS AND LIGNITE FROM PORTO RICO (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE) g the year 1924 The New York Botanical Garden re- depth of sixty feet b surface, in an excavation made in connectio ith a der constructio: ajataca River, near Isabela, in the vicinity of Quebradillas, in the no ast region of Porto Rico.1 Ass wit consid- erable woody débris—logs an —-specimens h were bisa with the penne Recently all of this material was me cal examination an ted to for criti with cae of like pene represented by specimens oo the existing flora. he walnuts are very satisfactory papa for study. Although no fragment of an exocarp has been preserved, the specimens are otherwise in perfect condition, and they may be seen to ns 1 For a general description of the work mentioned see arti titled “Servicio de Riego de la Costa None? (R. A. Go ote “chief Aine in Revista de Obras Publicas de Puerto Rico, Afio 2, Num. 16, pp. 473-480. April, 1925. 224 a species we is oem! closely related to, or possibly see r th the Wes describe them as representing a new, extinct species, under the name Juglans archaeoantillana n. sp. Fruit consisting of ovo oid-conical nuts, about 2.5 centimeters in i width, with thick, hard base to a 3 oe jae i ion wv “I wa “anon o we o 4 wr 5 5 ® a 5 x with furrows and rounded ridges. (Figs. 1a, S a eee n. ae natural size. Specimens in Ficures = Juglan paleobotanical miented Nene k Bot. Gard., lot 34. Ficures tb, 1b’ = Juglans amoicensis De Candolle,. natural size (introduced for P of c ar., 1915. Specimens a Herb, oNew York Bot. Gard., No. ee ico, vic Utuado near Adjun Bartolome Barselo, Ficures Ic, 1c’ = Juglans insularis Grisebach, natural si ce (introduced for com- parison). Cuba, Province of ote ors IA. Shafe er, Feb. 28, 1912. Specimens in Herb. New York Bot. Gar d., (Photographs by courtesy ot ae Aes Museum of Natural History.) 225 All of the specimens are blackish in color and tas in tex- $ con i that the original size of the nuts may have been somewhat larger than n i ains. Comparison of all the specimens of the fossil species with an fossils are intermediate in size between that of f the exist- ing species, and that the sculpturing does not show any distin- guishing features in either of the three species ses of comparison I have figured two specimens of J. jamaicensis (Figs 1b, 1b’) and two of J. insularis (Figs. 1c, Ic’) Id be re- marked, however, that individual specimens of f the three speci ight be se ected Bake uld be oe difficult to differentiate, satisfactor: from anothe e geographical dacitution of the two eee species is of interest, especi when considered in connection with th - sils. Juglans jamaicensis is an ele in the native flora en ra of Porto Rico and of Hispaniola, and is not recorded from else- where.? Juglans insularis is, as far as recorded, confined to “Cub a. f the i ca eoeier relationship of either of these species es ie defini traced to Juglans archaeoantillana it might imp nee ee in the determination of former e an gol conditions and recent topographic changes in the regio wood associated with the nuts is mostly in the form of lignite. It shows no indication of decay, and the harder pieces e st n of of it have failed.* Beyond the fact that the wood was The specific appellation, oa is a aes nom. 2 ie . misleading, as ae speci not known to occur in Jam. specimen ow known to have ia erroneously re : nee islan I ebted to Professor Samuel J. Record, of the School of Forestry, Yale University, and to Mr. Arthur Koehler, of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for examinations of and reports on specimens submitted. 226 identified as ae a dicotyledonous angiosperm its identification . y Dr. C. ommuni n Doctor Habtard leadly responded, under date of cchietibes 2, ee 5, as fol Dr. ick: Yours of ee 17th received and beg to aed as follows: . ai geologic map accompanying my report on the Lares Dis shows the area around pau vie as pare n Que- bradillas linestone [U. Oligocene or Miocen of the area bordering the ne the Tertiary for- mations are covered by Pleistocene or Recent deposits. These are: (a) San Juan formation (=consolidated beach and dune sands). (b) oo Playa deposits, chiefly at mouths of rivers. (c) ‘ r secondary limestone, formed at the surface by a . The ens referred to in your letter as occurring on the -(a) ee s where they have been found to be quite thick. They contain a fficult t m tl adjacent Tertiary iinecone itself, ic if the latter has been badly weathered. +The geology of the Lares District, Porto Rico. Bela ae Sienthe. survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands vol, 2, text 42, tables 8, p : ae ae cad. 1, 3. m m7 1 5 Geological reconnoissanc to Rico. Charles P. Berkey. New York Acad. Sci ee we Pp. 1-70, pls. 1-3, text figs. 1-20, March 3, I915. 227 5. From your description of the clay and fossils found beneath this limestone on the Guajataca River I would not hesitate to assume that the latter is ‘ caliche. Trusting this explanation may answer your ore IT am, Very sincerely y igned | B. ee From the above communication it may be understood that the lio ll pr it © of the several one defined periods of Post-Pliocene coastal- alata depression, and its present position one of subsequent ele- ation. Artuur Ho tticx. IMMUNIZATION AGAINST vane PRODUCED BY MICROSCOPICAL PLANTS? The ae nee a eae the gee ss aca t-fever, and explained t ods as in the jar that was shown, the same result will occur, but if a 1 Abstract of lecture delivered at The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, July 10, 1926. 228 portion of the bouillon is separated and every germ in it is re- moved, which can be done by suitable filters or in other ways, isease, but no: the plants will be in body cannot impart the disease to another, proving th e dis- ase-producing agent is not the germ itself but some chemical substance that it produces. This is analogous with larger plants that gr bout us. The belladonna plant produces atropin; the foxglove, digitoxin; the nux vomica plant, strychnine e can xtr: toxin: ill an animal promptly by administering them uman beings are careful to avoid those dangerous plants, a an thus escape being poisoned, but when t theria or gs their poison accumulates, but when the pure toxin is introduced it cannot increase, and the person recovers if the amount is not too large. These facts furnish the explanation for what follows: A man in the prime of life, of perfect physique and in perfect health is suddenly stricken with typhoid. In a very sho rt time oi is brought i Exami immune against that disease. Ta others, ata is partial immunity, varying in degree. Those who are not immune may be made so in various ways. The usual method is by ee the disease 229 and recovering from it, after which they are immune against an- attack. is process, or any other by which the same sult is eee is called immunization. tt was quite natural that as soon as the above facts came to be understood, efforts should be made to discover harmless and effi- thods tent © immunization, say at once that suc- cess beyond any expectation has been achieved e learned that even when ack of se has already been sustained, prompt immunization can protect against its P This treatment has come to be known as curative nes than pre- ventive, but its nature is that of immunization. The method of immunization first employed in medicine was ) hat of inoculating the patient with a mild form of the disease, with the expectation that he would recover and there- e immune against perhaps severer forms. od was effici td rous in various disease previously mild ct 5 B © i=] im Fh 2 o a i=] a ” Be. e? 3 = Q =e ° =] = an ia" lou a o 7 ing the patient’s own powers of resistance, a great desideratum in the process. A new departure was made when it was found possible to ex- ses. toxic treatment possesses the advantage of being prompt and cer- tain, as any amount can be introduced that is necessary to destroy 230 the toxin. Also, it is impossible, by this method, to transmit the disease. It is open to the objection that we are getting the body hu ast the general to note the results of the use of these various methods of treat- ve progres feeble en to the practical or anal extermination of some of our most fatal diseases. A gra h that was shown indicates that in Prussia, before the uch —s it continued to range between 40 and 95 in those same ae tistics regarding diphtheria are about as startling. In New York City the death rate has been reduced more than a third since 1920, although it was then but a small fraction of what it was a quarter of a century before. In Detroit, the Are rate was re- re ha duced nearly three-fourths in three years, and th ve been much greater reductions in many other roe ited States Army, id fever has become almost exterminated P ost astonishing results of all have b e- ventive and curative treatment of scarlet fever eee cases have been reported in which the child, before the reme in- istered, has become unconscious, dark in the face, ni . reathing as is usual just before death, and has SS playing a calling for food ee a few hours afterwar sion, I . refer to he greatest advance of all i in this hi 5 =e from taking steps to protect their pring y object here to-day is not to en in; not even merely to instruct; but to s life and the lives chiefly of little ones who cannot help themselves i ty to plead with you to unt o trouble to inform yourselves; to r the facts impartially; to avoi = — reckless ignoramuses or selfish c tans who would sacrifice any number of lives so long as they could enjoy a fleeting g atcaton of their Vv anity. ‘hen you have satisfied ae ike es, this field of saving life. Every- e flocks to assist an unfortunate sufferer after his accident. Ho ow much better to join the army of those who are seeking to prevent by i oo the general information regarding the elim- ination of dis H. H. Ruspy, M.D. 232 REEF-BUILDING AND LAND-~FORMING PLANTS? certain water-inhabiting lime- ‘secreting animals, the corals, coral animals. Mos 1 “ sea-moss or aS coarse ees not especially attractive, kelps and Bees having, in either case, little solid substance to be left behind on their decay. The act is, ho r, nce to fact, been found to be very abundant more than twelve degrees 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, August 14, 1926, 233 north of the Ae i The late Professor Kjellman, of Up- state t off t Spitzbe: sala, has stated t he shores of Spitzbergen and Nova ,a eae species of coral-like alga forms thick layers on the ocean floor, mostly i to 120 feet ae wal d that et regions it must become of essential eae Dr. Henr, ry B. Bigelow, of Harvard University, was quoted a to the great importance of the lime-secreting plants in building up the Challenger Bank off the shores of Bermuda and also in con- tributing to the composition of the so-called “ shell sands ” of the e Ch Vebe dam, has described erie fects of coralline acer in seas of the Dutch 1 East Indies. There are also fresh-water algae, relatives of the ee build ro raca stufa. T nt in sg ent. Dr. C. D. Masa the distinguished Secretary of the Smith- hingt as direct entio he on locally more important than the corals in ane Eales and land- forming, but also that this was true to an even greater degree in past geological ages. 234 he lecture was illustrated by nearly one hundred lantern- Pe showing lime-secreting algae, both living and fossil, from various parts of the world, and reefs or other deposits made by their activity. MarsHa.t A. Howe. FOURTH GRANT FROM THE INCOME OF THE CHARLES BUDD ROBINSON FUND und commemorates Dr. Charles: Budd Robinson, an as- s friends pri $75 i about $35 income annually, specified for aiding botanical explo- ration. Grants for this purpose have been made as follows: $50, in 1918, to Mr. E. D. Merrill, then Botanist of the Phil- ippine Islands Bureau of ae to aid botanical exploration of the island Guam, by Mr. t Nelso 2. $75, in es to a oo Herbert M. Denslow, Honorary Custodian of the Local Herat ium, to aid him in collecting speci- k H w York. $100, in 1924, to Mrs. Agnes Chase, Assistant acon United States Department ey eee for aid in her tri ae Brazil, for the study and collecting of grasses. (Jour. N. y. Bot. Gard. 26: 1 sae 5S 192 . $100, now granted to Pro ee E. D. Merrill, of the Uni- carried on by Dr. Petelot, b specimens of little-known species described by the botanist Louriero in 1790. N. L. Brirron. THE BIRCH LEAF-MINER several seasons past the white birches have been more o ry miner” which works within the leaf, causing its death. A specimen was recently 235 submitted to Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist, and from him we Wee obtained the sei statement which may be of interest o the readers of the Jou: “ The Birch Leaf-Miner was first found in this country in 1923 tern York and southern New E t occurs throughout ong Isla: nd is somewhat comu and occasionally is rather injurious to birches in the vicinity of New York Ci or f this insect is ned as y have noticed to the more co! ou may ha tender leaves and, although birches are somewhat disfigured, I have not considered the work of the insect as particularly injuri- ous. The parent of the miner is a small blackish sawfly about ¥% mb’ tinctly b appearance as a result of this insect’s work. e false caterpillars mine the leaves, and in t of ornamental irches, it is probable that early spraying with a tobacco-soa, preparation o lar contact insecticide would destroy the aaa ou re they caused atl injury. ne should watc or ccurrence of s mines in early spring ts ral e spray 3 as Sadia above, if the fees are to be kept in good co diti Frep J. SEAVER. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT A plant of the famous Queen’ s Flower, Lagerstroemia Speciosa [Flos-reginae], has been given to our collection from the Florida garden of Dr. G. W. Tyrell, of Perth Amboy, N The oe Flowering Dogwoods in the Fruticetum were covered for one month with the largest and most perfect blooms in a decade. These trees, now some twenty-five years old, prom- ise to be very showy this autumn with bright red fruits. Dr. Orland E. White, Curator of Plant Breeding and Economic d T hi associated with the Mulford Biological Poison of the Am 236 Basin Expedition in 1921-1922, his work being chiefly con- cerned with orchid and economic plant collecting. He discovered rom which the common yellow dye for coloring butter and cheese comes were also shown The lecture of August 21 at The New York Botanical nee r ch of 3 king the daily haul of lobster traps. About one hundred colored slides made from photographs by the lecturer were used as illustrations, 237 including oe une the cliffs of Bonaventure Island literally covered wit white gannets guarding their young, and among the ee a rare variety of wood oxalis. Miss aa ae oe of the editorial staff of Messrs. and a Harper of “ Memoirs of Mrs. Cla: ave into what is now a part of the United ce by the Mission Palestine, France, and Italy, coming from foreign sources Dr. Clara Barrus, known in medical circles as a psychiatrist, fly s the biographer of ughs, lect al ork Botanical Garden, Saturday afternoon, Jun on “ Our Friend which Dr. Barrus had worked some fifteen years. Dr. Barrus’s 238 interpretation of the well-loved literary naturalist is based o grave in the hillside pasture on that Catskill fin where he was born. We see him as he leaves the little red school house near home; later in Washington, the chum of Walt Whitman, during Ss; i the Civil Wa. e learn of his struggles and achievements; in time see him at Yale University, receiving an honorary degree in recognition of the books which have had such a widespread in- upon our national life. We learn what an all-round man he was, a conscientious pa teacher, a painstaking government clerk, and efficient bank examiner, a successful fruit farmer. as a lover of seclusion, a a joll “ mixer,’ limpse And always, in season and out of season, we see the delightful essayist to be an eager student and a faithful interpreter of Nature. Among the foreign delegates to the International Conference on Flower and Fruit Sterility and the International Congress of Plant Sciences, who registered in the eas were the following: Mr. Wi T.A r. well, Port of Spain, Trinidad rague, d; Fraulein Anni Breuer, Germany ; r. Georg Tischler, Kiel, Germany; Prof. Dr. WwW — Vienna, Aus- tria; Dr. John Briquet, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. M. J. Sirks, Wageningen, Holland, and Dr. F. A. F. C. i ‘Dececht, Hol- and; Dr. H. Ost Copenhagen, Denmark; Dr. Rudolf Florin and Mr. Otto Heilborn, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. Nils E Svedelius, Upsala, Sweden; Nicolas and Tatiana Maximow, Leningrad, Russi r. B. Némec and Prof. Domin a; Pro Prague, Czechoslovakia ; Dr Feliks Kotowski, Warsaw, Poland ; 239 Prof. Dr. Al. Borza, Cluj, Roumania; Prof. Teikichi Fukushi, ae cay rof. Takamichi Takahashi, Tsu-City, Japan; Prof. Keita Shibata and Mr. Goro Ida, ele Japan, and Dr. Eileen R. L. Reid, Perth, Western ee alia Other summer visitors were Prof. H Whetzel, Ithaca, Y.; Prof. Norman Grier and class, pe Spring Ha , . ¥.; Prof. L. O. erholts, State College, Pa.; Dr. 2 Se J. Norton, College Park, Md.; Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, Mr. W. Star, Mr. E. P. Killip, Washington, D. C.; Miss Laura M. Bragg, as : Charlest .) Pr oore, Columbia. oS Cee Dr C.D Sherb. oa ats ville, fe bee Oe rr, St. Louis, : Dr. Hilary S. Jurica, Lisle, iL; Prof. L. A. Kenoyer and class, eens Mic ; Prof. Fdwit B. son, Laramie, 0.} Prof. E. D. Merrill, Berkeley, Calif.; Prof. L. ams, Stan- ford University, Calif.; Mr. Rimo Bacsalapi: Mills College, Calif.; Pro loyd, Montreal, Can.; allou, Havana, Cuba; Mr. Rafael A. T nd Dr. and Mrs. John S set Rio Pi ‘ ; Mr. Lawrence Ogilvie, Bermuda; rof. Takashi Sugawara, Tokyo, Japan, and Sefiores Juan de G. se oe Isidoro R. Collade, Philippine Islands. Afleteorology for September. The ee bone at The New York Botanical Garden for the month w .13 inches. The 45° on each of the nights eine the 14th and the 27th, ACCESSIONS BOOKS El eeaecgrer FROM THE eee aac AUGUST, 1923 (CONTIN Scunyzcemn, ADALBERT CARL FriepricH HeLtwic Conran. Flore exotique quil convient de pe aver dans les serres ae jardin hetewinee. Ed. francaise publiée par Edoward Morren. Gand, 1867. Scuouts, Jonannes Cornetis. Die Stelér-Theorie. Groningen, ScHumann, Kart Moritz. Gesamibeschreibung der Kakteen. ae 1898 bis 1902. Neudamm, 1903. Van Heurck, Henri Ferninand. Observationes botanicae et descriptiones plantarum novarum herbarii Van Heurckianii. Anvers, 1870. 240 VaucHEr, JEAN Prrrre Errenne. Histoire physiologique des plantes d'Europe. Vol. 1. Genéve, 1830. aero der aligemeinen schweizerischen oes fiir gesamm- n Naturwissenschaften. Vols. 11-42. 1825-18! Poe der schweizerischen ana Gesellschaft. Vols. 43-100. 1859-1919. VUILLEMIN, Jean Paut. Les bases actuelles de la systématique en my- Adjumenia a Gag ines Lapponiae fennicae atque Fenniae borealis. Pts. Paes gfors, 1883. WARTMANN, BERN & ScHLATTER, TH Kritische nape t tiber die Gefiisspflanzen der Kantone St "Callen und Appenzell. St. allen, 1881 WEGELIN, ANTON ‘Trropor. Enumeratio stirpium florae helveticae. Tu- rici, 1838. Witipenow, Cari Lunwic. Historia Amaranthorum. Turici, LKkoMM, Heinricn Mo Pugillus plantarum novarum ae Wi ER, CHRISTIAN FrrepricH Hernricy, & Grasowski, Hernrico EMANn- L. Flora silestae. Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, part 2. ete 1827-29. WINKLER, Hans. @ ie experimentelle Erzeugung von Pflanzen mit abweichenden Chromosomenzahlen. Jena, 1916. Wrretcen, Puivipe WILHEL die Vegetation der hohen und der WITHERING, WILL A botanical arrangement of all the ee nat- urally growing in , Great Britain. 2 vols. Birmingham, 1 Ed. 2. Vol, Wonrantn, Runotr. Die Pflanzen des deutschen Reich, Dewtsch-Oester- reichs und d. er Schweiz, . 2. Berlin, § Yune, Emits. Apercu historique sur Vactivité “des savanis genevois au dix-neuvidme siécle. Geneve, 1014. ZoLuincer, Heinricu. Systematisches Verzeichniss der im indischen Ar- chipel in a Jahren 1842-1 gesammelten sowie der aus Japan ngenen Pflanzen. Ziirich, 1854-55. emp. € Zopr, FRIEDRICH LHE ie Spaltpilze: nach dem neuesten Stand- punkte bearbeitet. Breslau, 1883. Dr. Robert Al _ Edw Joh aw Auchinclos aa F. Bak Stephen Baker Henry de Forest Baldwin dL. an e S. Beeveee “ay N. ritton Be Edw. "é Bur; a8 ees M. Batler Daniel Gee MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Murry Guggenheim J. Horace Harding E ons gomery Hare Rufus L. Patterson ue ward . Harkness Henry Prof. A. Harper F. R. Pie a. ee James R. "Ditches oe Eales Ira A. Plac Hon. Joseph P. Hennessy H. Hobart Porter Frederick Trevor Hill Charles F. Rand Anton G. Hodenpyl Johnston L. Redmond Archer M. Huntington Ogden Mills Reid Adrian Iselin f. H. M. Richards Dr. Walter B. James John D. Rockefeller Walter Jennings Emlen Roosevel Otto H. Kahn of. H. H. Rusby Prof. James F. Kemp Hon. George J. Ryan arwin P. Kingsle: Dr. Reginald H. Sayre Prof. Frederic S. Lee Mortimer L. Schiff Adolph Lewisohn Henry A. Siebrecht Frederick J. Lism Valentine P. Snyder Kenneth K. Ape ccaic James Speyer V. Everit Macy Frederick Strauss dgar L. Marston . K. Sturgis J. Mathes B. B. Thayer George McAneny Charles G. Thompson John L. Merrill W. Boyce Thompso: Ogden Mills Dr. W. Gilman Thompson . Ogden L. Mills Louis C. Tiffany de la Montagn Felix M. Warburg Barrington Moore aul M. Warburg J. Pierpont Morgan Allen Wardwell r. las R. Morris a seer Orris Rober Bronson Win Frederic ik ene Grenville ies Winthrop E. Olco MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL rs. Robert Bacon Miss Elizabeth Billings ts. Edward C. Bodman C. Hill Mrs, Frederick C. Hodgdon Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. Bradish Johnso: Mrs. Ha: Shae Pratt Mrs. Delance Renee M . Kelly Prentice Mrs. Gustav E. ty ce James Roosevel Mrs. Frederic S. L s. Arthur H. Scribner Mrs. William A. Tedted nee Charles H. Stout Mrs. Theron G. Strong rs. David Ives Mackie Mrs. Hen Taylor rs. John R. McGinley Mrs. John T. Terry Mrs. Pierre Mali s. Harold McL. Turner rs. Henry nes Cabot Ward rs. Roswell Mille: ie William H. Woodin Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckharn HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes GENERAL INFORMATION Beng of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden qe hundred acres of beautifully duersitied land in the northern part of the ‘City of New York, t preuet ve ich flow te Bronx River. A native f the fea hemlock forest is one o of the cabal patch i thousands of sau and freee trees, shrubs, and flowering plai Gardens, aa ding a beautiful rose bari a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous ens. Greenhouses, cont anne thousands of See plants from America and foreign countries. Flower shows throughout the year—in the spring, summer, an nd autum displays of narcissi, seen dils, oe irises, peentes, toa ‘ilies, wise lilies, maaiolt dahlias, andy chry anthemums; in the winter, displays of greenhouse-blooming plant museum, containing exhibits of fossil plants, existing plant families, focal plants occurring within one hundred miles of the City of New York, 3 a o, = o ® ° | =] ° a (s) i=} wn o wo 98 = An Legeetna comps ane more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and for spec iesatee in Giterent parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library of botsnical, literature, comprising more than 34,000 books and numerous pamphle Public lectures on a prea variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the year. Publications on botanical subjects, partly of technical scientific, and partly of popular, interest. he education of school children and the public through the abov features and the giving of free information on botanical, horticatiarall oe ean subjects. e Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the Gian of New York, private Wanneee and membership fees. It possesses now nea arly two thousand members, and applications for membership are away wuicone The classes of membership are: Benefactor single contribution $25,000 atron single contributio 5, Fellow for Life .................... single contribution 1,000 Member for Life ................... single contribution 250 Fellowship Member ............... annual fee 100 annual fee 25 nnual Member ................... annual fee Contributions to the Garden may be deducted from taxable incomes. The following is an patel form of beque: I hereby bequeath to York Botanical Gordes incorporated under the Laws of New York, Teh 285 of 1891, the sum of ———— All requests for further camels Houta be sent to THe N K BoTANICAL GARDEN BRONX ee NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXVII November, 1926 No. 323 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE ROYAL BOTANIC aaa AT KEW, ENGLAND ARTH ILL A VISIT ee nae ARTHUR W. HILL Mar L A. Howe BUS Len IN Pca Re tae NORTH AMERICAN ALPINE- pd VEGETATION GeorcE E. Nico! IN BRITISH GUIANA JUNGLES H. A. GLeason THE Pea zeae FUND N. L. Brr THE 1926 Lang conection Mar SMALL GARDEN COMPETITION, 1927 PUBLIC LECTURES DURING NOVEMBER NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN STREETS, Lasasten Pa. THE ScimENcE Press PRINTING CoM Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents ‘ree to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Lee, President ApotpH LEWISOHN Henry W. DE Forest, Vice Reeder KennetH K. baaeiage F. K. Srurcts, Vice Presiden BaRRINGT a snes Joun L. MERRILL, Teer J. P. Mo N.L. DAS Secret tary Lewis Romtenronp ae Epwarp D. A Freperrc R. NEwso Henry ie rome Bowe H ee nea Benet NicuHoLtas Murray BuTLer g HARLES F. RAN UL D. oGaAG ARS Ropert W. ve Forest Hersert M. RICHARDS Cuitps Frick ENRY eae U! Wiu1aM J. Gres GrorcE J. RYAN A RPER Mortimer L JosepH P. HENNESSY ILLIAM Boyce THOMPSON James F. Kemp . GILMAN THOMPSON James J. WALKER, Mayor of the City of New Yor Francis Dawson GA LLATIN, President of the Deportncent of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. RPER, Pu. D., Chairman gs F. Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D. NieHOLAS Murray BUTLER, Pu. D., pannenic S: LEE, Pu. D., LL D: [EVE ID), Wrinsy, 1D), Hersert M. Ricuanps, § Sc. D. WiLuraM. 3 Gas; Pu. D. Henry H. Russy, M. GrorcE J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF ING hy yams, 1s, 1D), Soy IDY IL. ID, Goocsacoaccncndcbes Director-in-Chief MARS HALE PAH ELOWE MEEen Dt SCe Diese acieereeree reer Assistant eee tor ORIN JK STARE EH OD) noc reIDN ig: alin mere d Curator of the Museums A. B. Stout, Px. D. Hee of the one P. A. RypBerc, 5 Ds Curator H. A. Gieason, Pu. D. Curate Frep. J. Seaver, Pu. D. Curator ArtHur Hottick, Pu. D. Palcobetena Percy WILson Associate Cunen PaLMyreE DE C. MITCHELL Associate Curato: Joun HEnpILEY Bannane, JACM, MDa aa aia anne cae tena Hislographen SaraH H. Har A. M. Librarian H. H. Russy, va D. Be an Honorary Curator pel the Economic Collections EvizaBetH G. BRITTON onorary Curator of Mosses Mary E. Eaton Artist KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. _Head Gardener Rosert S. WILLIAMS Admini. Assistant S hnical Assistant Torasapuro Susa, M.S.AG Tec . M. DENstLow, M., .....Honorary Custodian of cecniay erbarium EB. SUH WICK. Put Di Wier tan es Custodian of Herbaceous ‘Grounils Joun R. Brintey, C. E. andscape Engineer Wa tter S. Gronsneck lerk and Accountant ARTHUR J] CORBETT neisien ciclserckesarc Superintendent of Button and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXVII NovEMBER, 1926 No. 323 THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS AT KEW, ENGLAND! e Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, cover nearly 300 acres. ys dents, while a certain amount of space is devoted to aoe Gl and re plants sea) for effect. There is a large Rock Garden, a garden of medicinal plants and a good collection of aquatics. In the Greenhouses an attempt is and scientific interest as well as sei of ornamental value from all parts of the tropics and subtropics. In addition to the Gardens proper, there are four Museums in which the economic products derived from plants are displayed, a Laboratory and the Herbarium and Library. The Herbarium contains some 4,000,000 dried specimens of plants, eaeds the flora of the world, and the Library comprises some 40, volumes of botanical books Kew also possesses a fue collection of botanical pictures painted by Miss Marianne North in various parts of the world, and a large collection of plant drawings which are freely used for reference. In the Jodrell Laboratory research work in plant mor- phology a physiology is carried out. he Gardens became a national institution in the year 1841 when Sir William Hooker was appointed Director. He was suc- 1Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at the Museum = The New York Botanieal Garden on Saturday afternoon, October 241 242 ceeded by his son, Sir Joseph Hooker, who was followed by Sir formerly Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. The present Director, Dr. Arthur W. Hill, was appointed to m frica and other parts of the world, which are now com- mon garden plan’ Later ee of this economic side of the Kew work. which have resulted in enterprises of far-reaching importance, Malay States, Tea, Coffee and Cinchona to Jamaica, Cocoa t the Gold Coast, and many others. The value of Kew to botanical enterprises throughout the em- 243 The work of the Herbarium i is of particular importance to bo- of our colonies v lly represented, but also the as of our different overseas possessions have been mainly compiled Among these floras may be mentioned T ensis, the a India, and a new Flora of West Africa, now in course of preparation. The Kew Bulletin also provides information on ee and economic questions relating to all parts of the empir Another important side of Kew is the connection wtih it has Most of the men who are now filling these posts were formerly at ew g thes w be foun Directors of Agriculture and Superintendents of Botanic Gardens 7 r ie Wi three are selected to fill ae in connection with botanic garden or agricultural station work in the colonies. This important side rform due function in the training ° t also affords valuable eee facilities to many thousands of visitors marti the year. Large parties of students and scholars also com v to ee their botanical studies, o Kev especially from the aoe around Lon “ARTHUR W. Hitt. A VISIT FROM DR. ARTHUR W. HILL Dr. Arthur \W. Hill, the eos = the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, England, was the guest of Dr. N. L. Britton, Director- 244 in-Chief of The New York Botanical Garden, on September 30 and October 1 and 2. On September 30 he visited the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Yonkers and on Oc- tober 1 the Brooklyn Lotanic Garden. On Saturday afternoon, October 2, he delivered in the Museum of The New York Botan- of Doctor Britton at a dinner at i’s Restaurant on Pel- ham Parkway and Boston Road. The dinner party numbered forty- presenting Columbia University, the Boyc New York Botanical Garden: After the dinner, Dr. Britton read the following address of welcome “We gladly welcome the occasion of a visit by the Director of the Rov Botanic Gardens at Kew, as opportunity to express to edge which have characterized wonderful institution throughout its history. These have aided and stimulated botan ical investigation all lands, and nowher or in these United States, portions of which Dr. Hill has been traversing during t wee c and his distingu rede- cessors have had the guidance and direction of the activities of Ww over a period of 86 years, the institution dating as a public e botanical garden from about the year 1840, its site, however, oc- cupied by Foal gardens for a century aaa s “ My first visit to Kew was in 1 the course of a trip to Europe soon after graduation; this Was pee he administration a ae : t Kew again in 1891, for supplementary inspiration, and for par of the eee cilection made by Dr. Morong. I at Kew for a week after the Paris Botanical Congress 2 ae again in 1902, soon after our first West Indian explor 245 s had been gag again in 190s, after the Vienna Beceicl Congre In the summer of 1911 we were there for 3: Si ; to e directorship of Sir David Prain, but Doctor Arthur W. Hill was } t might be privileged to be at Kew we would be taken into the ) t t i onviction laurels of his great cuaiugn will become more and mo Remarks were made also oe ae John M. Coulter, Dr. H. H. Rusby, Professor Robert A. Harper, Dr. C. Stuart Gager, and ponse and delivered several lectures at the University of California MarsHatt A. Howe DIFFICULTIES IN PROPAGATION? The matter of propagation in horticulture a the ery trade has been forced to the urgent attention of American plant producers recently by the national plant quarantine law i law w: i to protect the United States against the further importation of bad insect pests and plant diseases hile the law will meet this end, it has at ame t the nurserymen at the same time put the up against great difficulties. They must suddenly begin propa- gating plants that they formerly bought already propagated from urope. In many such cases they know little about the methods that will prove successful. 1 Abstract of an aluctreted lecture given at The New York B ical Garden on Saturday afternoon, October 23, sae by the eee of the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research 246 The rarcoeneen also has many unsolved ieee in propa- t have lo: These studies have incl seeds that are d germinate, the rooting of cuttings that give especial difficulty, and the forc- ing of bulbs and tubers. The work will later be extended to cover problems in grafting. Propagation from Seeds One might t thi nk that germinating seeds is an easy task that ght or ca an ones marked with “S” t [ ene him ee difficulty in ger- dead vegetation. In practice, however, one can improve greatly on nature because he can give the seeds the most Net tem- 247 perature for the proper length of time. In ae freezing is not necessary or even desirable. The best temperatures for stratification are a little above the arias poin t lies some- ° F, e various seeds studied wi r th Amongst the seeds tae get this ee of treatment are those of our deciduous temperate-zone fruits, Cornuses, lindens, fall-fruit- ing maples, temperate-zone roses, Cotoneasters, and many other pee an ther for might give one stration of the significance of this knowl- ee on str. a tion. A certain agricultur ral experimental sta- tion had been hyping oo. es for six or seven years, hoping roduce new and more desirable kinds. The inability to ger- i T ni mping off” and other dns in ae seed beds. These matters, too, are getting full attentio! & ct & i= a @ 3 a ° S us) 4 oO < @ 3 =. ie) t=] ° Ph Q @ Propagation by Cuttings work on cuttings by Dr. Zimmerman and Mr. Hitchcock it the best time to take the cutting is ane summer or early fall. in r n ee ee the difference between success and failu Forcing of Bulbs and Tubers nny has already worked out a method by which he can and practicable, ethylene chlorhydrin. Similar work is being done on various bulbs. The aim of this work on propagation is to increase the efh- ciency and reduce the cost of production of fruit and ornamental n e y country r methods of propagation will also insure the per petuation and multiplication of many beautiful forms of plant that are at ith destruction. Su uc to man’s storehouse of exact organized knowledge which is, after all, his richest possession. WILLIAM CROCKER. NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC-ALPINE VEGETATION? The sealant r differences of vegetation in different ae = North Ameri associated with differences in climate. veling eaiwad 8 the latitude of New York, aes pee be- 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of ae New York Botanical Garden on Saturday ee September 18, 1926. 249 come Saad replaced, as ie climatic type, by evergreen for- nd hic. ests of spruce and fir, w extend north toward the Arctic. Good-sized ae some 0 more than 400 years old, gr s far no Arctic circle, but, for most part, forest ives way in this region to scrub, the trees commonly becoming plants he ere are perennial herbs, dwarf shribe and “reindee moss.’ In climbing the high mountains of temperate regions one passes h a series of climatically determined vegetation belts which are essentially identical wit ose passed through in traveling northward into the oe at a low elevation. In fact, the vege- rae of Alpi its here represents, in a ee the vegeta- pin n of the ree naar ee into temperate regio more striking features of the Ainees ee the White Mountains, the Colorado Rockies, and the Casca Mountains of western Washington were described by means FF slides. Tree limit i in the White ae lies around 5,200 feet. T. forests in the vicinity of timberline are of the same scrubby sort as those found in the ee Among the most characteristic plants above sae are various herbs and low bushes whic range far to the north, in the United ee being found only on Alpine summit: In the Red a timberti ine lies between 11,000 and 1 dw: trees which form the upper outposts of the forests. oe were cea depicted by numer ses where they present brilliancy and oe ae even by thos the Swiss Alps. Gro e& E. Nicwots. 250 IN BRITISH GUIANA JUNGLES? There are few places where the jungle presses so closely upon civilization as in British Guiana. From Georgetown, with all the a vi Falls, eight hundred feet high and one of the most imposing 1 and research, and numerous scientists from the United States d t all of the land is occupied wit forest, nor is all of it as I diamon es Me was ed down the mountain iethcats: are rivers. The jungle itself, the dense forest which covers some 77,000 square miles, or nearly go per cent. of the area of the colony, has a fascination for every visitor. Mile after mile it stretches ane 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, September 4, 1926. 251 the land, unbroken by road or railway, untouched by man except dant rain and perpetual summer, will produce great crops o sugar, rice, and other tropical food plants. H. A. GLeason. THE DAVID LYDIG FUND By the provisions of the will of Judge Pakee a Daly, one of the original incorporators of The New k Botanical e ber of the Board of es ee its for- eee in 1895 until his death in 1899, the Garden received its first legacy Section 5 of Article 8 of his will provided that 1 the balance of the said rest, residue and remainder t ® ry 5 a 2 estate ch shall remain af he payment of the ee de vises, legacies and be ts in this eighth article of my will speci- ed, , devi nd bequeath as follows: One-twelfth part thereof to T: w York Botanical Garden as and for a me- rial of my wife’s late grandfather, David Lydig, the amount of said bequest to b d ex d by : id corporation i such manner and for purposes as the Board of Man: ec thereof may deem for the best interests of the Botanical Garden At a meeting of the Board of ie held April 13, 1901, the ‘llowine resolution was adop 1Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 105, 106. 1901. 252 Resolved, That the bequest of the late oc Charles P. Daly rom his residuary estate, as provided by S n 5 of Article 8 is will, be and i = amed “ D Cha of this fund be sarate S _ ablation as the Board may appro- priate it from time to e has been no modification of this action, and the income of fund has, aided the publications of the Garden dur- income. n pete ee acktiowledsed on th title-pages of many volumes by ce record “Published by the aid the David Lydig Fund bequeathed by P.D es : e publications include 27 volumes of JouRNAL, 18 of Mycotocia, 13 of BuLteTin, 7 of Memorrs, and 12 of CoNTRIBUTIONS, 7 volumes in all. NortH AMERICAN FLora, of which 56 parts have been published, has also been aided by this income. This fund, while not nearly meeting the whole expense of pub- lications, is of great value in facilitating the distribution of botan- ical information Money received from sales and subscriptions is added to the income of the Lydig Fund and expended for publications only. N.L et . L. Britton, Director-in-Chief. THE 1926 DAHLIA COLLECTION The season of I 192 26 ranks among the most successful of the hos o hi dahlia siti seceible au Mrs. C. R. Stewart Leckie, 253 “pua yiiou ayy ye saTarea pasMoy-yuyd pue pus (y8t1) yNos oy) 78 ‘yapsog, wraISed Dy, “9ZS1 Waqoj9OQ “wepseH TETBo| > * a Tee ot Sl vs ~ ; aux. JO TEM 254 egetee Con Blue Ribbon oe Co ompany, Trenton, hemar Garden: : Michell Compas Philadel phia, Pa. The popularity of dwarf small- flowered bedding varieties in h se ig a een inches apart, it seule cover the ae ee by Sep- tember, The dahlia collection received numerous press notices and dur- ing the season it was visited thousands of people. On October 923, Nove Oe 23; 1925, October 29 roan serious injury by a co a gale on October 10) ; 1926, October 2 MarsHaLt A. Howe, ENGLISH GARDENS}! England is a nation of gardeners. Probably in no other coun- try in the world has ornamental horticulture attained such high 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, August 28, 1926. 255 ‘dja ‘ayepsuoT fo ssaquno_) ‘309g jaQoy “ozey Ueaf ‘YDo[1aYg sar -MOYs ‘9Z61 ‘1DYo}IO ‘Uapsey [eIuROG YIOA MIN IT, Je Jopsiog elyep usojses ay} Fo 256 standards as in England. The love of plants and gardening is universal among all classes of the population. ardens of hardy plants, rather than plants which have to be grown in hot houses, seem to have the greatest hold on the En- glish people at the present time. As a phase of hardy plant grow- ural in gardening, yet the more formal style of gardening is not neglected, especial in the public gardens and on some of the large private estate he pee was ie by about 100 beautifully colored slides of the various types of garden, including rock, herbaceous, wild, and water garden. Some pictures showing examples of trained fruit trees, a form of gardening seldom seen in this coun try, were also show MontaGueE FREE. ee GARDEN COMPETITION UNDER AUSPICES F THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1927 A. Purpose—The keynote of this competition is to popularize possibilities in ie treatment of small (one man or woman) gar- ens with a maximum of taste and a minimum of expense. This ae kept constantly in mind by all competitors. Bis eee or a mateti other than landscape architects and em- @ o n this program may be obtained at The New York Botanical Cae or will be mailed on request C. Prizes—The first prize is $100 cash. The New York Botan- ical Garden also undertakes, during the spring or early summer of 1927, to lay out and plant, in a prominent location in its 257 grounds, a garden on the lines of the winning design, and main- tain the same as a public exhibition prize garden for at least one year. The winner of the second prize will receive $75 cash. The winner of the third prize will receive $25 cash. D. Publicity Wide publicity will be given to this competition ; the names of the winners will be published and due credit for the authorship of the winning plan will be accorded on any public notice which may be posted in or on the prize garden referred to in the preceding paragr: aph. J Award. be easily described, a simple sketch sufficient to indicate the idea may be oe (4) Every plant, shrub, etc., a be given a key number and its a. Hee located on the he character of all ne eae must be plainly in- Pe on the plan, which may also describe any special purpose vee the garden is Sey to acne such as “Front Yard,” “ Back , or “Su di (6) Each plan must be accompanied by a legible specification r accessory may be indicated; but no construction work i 258 suggested ee renders highly skilled labor imperative. In con- sidering cost, the jury will assume that all plants are to be de- veloped from a roots, divisions, bulbs, or seeds to mini- mize expense. 7) The winning plans (1st, 2nd, and 3rd prizes) shall be the sole and exclusive property of The New York Botanical Garden, which shall own the cop dae photograph rights, and every oles right and title connected therewith. If full postage be Saat ee that purpose, unsuccessful eee will be returned. But all plans submitted are wholly at t senders’ risk and The New York Botanical Garden assumes no herefor. x. Submission of Plans—I. Plans must be submitted on or o’clock (noon) of the first day of March, 1927. No plan received after that te and hour will be considered. II. Plans must be addressed to Prize ba n Competition, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City. The wrapper must have no name or symbol identifying the sender. III. Each plan must be forwarded flat or rolled (not sees velope containing the name and address of the s T. No iden- tification mark of any kind must appe lope, p. specification. Disregard of this requirement will absolutely dis- qualify the sender ach envelope a an will be marked as be opened until the jury shall have rendered its decision. e first Small Garden Competition, conducted under con- ditions essentially as above, the awards made in March, 1926, were as follows: 1. The first f One Hundred Dollars to Mr. Archie S. Hill, W’ See Wisconsin. 2. The second prize of Seventy-five Dollars to Mrs. William Harris Cary, Brooklyn, New Yor! 3. The third prize of Twenty-five Dollar to Mr. L. L. Blun- dell, Brookline, Massachusetts 259 den in general accordance with the first-prize plan was Pp } hibit in 1927. hree prize-winning plans were published in he JournaL or THe New York Botanica Garven for April, 1926. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING NOVEMBER The following is the program of the illustrated lectures given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoons in November. They begin at 3:30; doors are opened at 3: ae o admit late-comers. Nov. 6. “ Chrysanthemums,” Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton. Nov. 13. “ Fossil "Plants of ‘New York ee and Vicinity,” r. Arthu ov. 20. “ Outdoor Roses,” cs F. L. Atkins. Nov. 27. “ plane ey in National, State, and County arks, Mr. Raymond H. Torrey. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Under the direction of Professor William Gould Vinal, a group of young men and women in training for Recreation Leaders in the His National Training Schoal a the Playground and Recre- ation Association of America visited the Garden on October oth d were escorted through buildings and grounds by Mr. Wilson. Mr. William Fawcett, who was for many years Director of Jamaica,” a noteworthy contribution to the botany of the West Indies, not yet completed. \Ve deplore his loss and much regret that he did not live to see this work finished. 260 Dr. Clyde Fisher, Curator of Visual Instruction and in charge n o oO ° 8 wn 3 3 i) = a 4 oe a5 ct. > ° Do o Q @ a=) oO i=] -_Q E i=] 2 5 fan Coal i=) 5 = a function of mice and squirrels in transporting and planting the seeds of nut-bearing trees. e lecture was illustrated by beau- tifully colored lantern slides. eels for October. The total rainfall at The New York eae temperatures were 37° on the oth, 33.5° on the 16th, 31.5° on the 22nd (the first killing frost), and 31° on the 28th. ACCESSIONS BOOKS FROM THE LIBRARY OF DR. J. H. BARNHART JRCHASED 1926 ADLERZ, Ernst. Bidrag till fruktvaggens anatomt hos Ranunculaceae. Orebro, 1884. a ADAM, Stirpium in Guinea medicinalium species novae. Fase. Upsaliae, 1818, 1829. pee Jean Louts Ropotpue. Tableau synoptique des principales famil- las naturelles des hee avec indication des genres que Von trouve en Suisse. Neuchatel, 1833. ALPINE, Prospero. De plantis exoticis libri duo. Opus completum, editum studio, ac opera Alpini “Alpini, auctoris filu. Venetiis, 1627 261 ALTAMIRANO, FERNANDO. Informe que rinde é la Secretaria de fomento . Dr. Fernando pee itas «+. sobre ali S excursiones & las ntafias del Ajusco y Servania de las Cruces. Mexico, American medical ae. Vols. 1-3. Philadelphia, 1838-40. merican monthly magazine and critical review. Vols. 1-4. New York, 1817-19. American museum journal. ANDREWS, FRANK Mario: zen. > ols. 1-5. New York, 1900-05. Ueber die Wirkung der Centrifugalkraft auf is) = Annalen der meinen schweizerischen Gesellschaft fiir die gesammten Hepes en. I, 2. Archiv fiir Nat turg eschichte, Jahre. 1-4. Berlin, 1835-38. Archives o. Ht ausactions of ae ical society of natural c es. Vol. 1. Newport [Vermont], 1870-74. Arporno, Honoré Jean Baprtisve. igs fis ite du département des Alpes-Maritimes. Ed. 2. enton AxescHouc, Freprrk WILHELM ee Undersékningar Gfver de opiska vixternas bladbyggnad i jamférelse med de arktiska och bore- ala vérterna. Uppsala, 1905. Arescuous, JoHN ErHarn. Phycearum quae in ee Scandinaviae rescunt enumeratio. 2 parts. [Upsala, ce ATKINSON, GEORGE FRANCIS. oP ementary bot ce 2. New York, 1899. ——. ies of American fungi. ene edible, poisonous, etc. Atwater, CaLes. A history of the state of Ohio, natural and civil. Ed, 2. Aucuey, SAMUEL. Sketches of the physical geography and geology of N S 5 aS < maha, I aca association for the advancement of science. Report of meet- ings 2-8. dney, 1890-1901. Avett Epwarp ae An introduction to the study of botany. Ed. London, 1 7- es Georce. Narrative of the Arctic land expedition to the mouth of the Great Fish river, and along the shores of the Arctic ocean in the 8 : —. Aphi 336. BAILEY, Lrserry Hype. Lessons with plants. Ed. 2. ew York, 1899. Bartey, Lorrnc Woart, & Jack, Ep ds ond pene of 1ST g a escriptic 1€ Pres a e trees, shrubs, and “iiherals of the province, available for economic purposes. Bartton, Henri Ernest. The natural history of plants . translated by arcus M. Hartog. 8 vols. London, 1871 Batpwin, Epenezer. Annals of a ee int New wv Haven, Connecticut, fron its foundation to the yea New Haven, 1831. Ba.rour, Jonn Hutton ee . ies for the use of schools. Ed. 4. Edinburgh, 1884. 262 ——. Manual of botany. Ed. 3, revised and enlarged by Joseph Wil- liams. London and Glasgow, f Outlines of botany. me 1854. 2 inburgh, Biawek Ropercues, JoAo. ee des Orchidées; notes d’une étude. io de Janeiro, 1883. BaRCKHAUSEN, G EB. Specimen botenicum sistens fasciculum plan- tarum ex Flora comitatus Lippiaci. - ie ae, 1775. Barratt, JosePH. Sali americanae. salt eal bg he disposed tions or natural groups, with sa Ss g the kinds best adapted for the faite 1 arts, and those most es in ornamental culture. Mid n, 1840. Barrire, PIerre. No uvelle relation de la gs oe contenant la description des cotes de la Guiane. Paris, R E BartH, RicHarp Ropert Ernst. 4e ees ae Wachstumskriim- mungen der Knoten. Leipzig, 1894. Barton, BENJAMIN SMITH. discourse on some of the principal desid- J erata in natural history, and on the best means of promoting the study oe this sctence in the United States. Philadelphia, 1807. epee of the life and writings o of Mr. John Clayton, : Phi rg Elements - ple or, outlines of the natural histo ory of vege- i recte i tables ised and cor? d, with the addition of British exam- bles by the English editor. London, Ed. vols. jladelphia, 1812-14. Ed. ols. Philadelphia, 1827. Barton, Witiam Pa LL Florae philadelphicae prodromus. iladelphia, 1815. Bartram, JoHN. Observations on the inhabitants, climate, soil. . pro- uctions . made b hn Bartram in his travels from Penstlvania to Onondago, Oswego and the Lake Ountarto in Canada. ‘o which ts annexed a curious account of the cataracts at Niagara by Peter Kalm. ondon, 1751. Bary, Her ANTON DE. Comparative morphology and biology a the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . English translation by Henry ‘arnsey ... revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour. Oxford, BASINER, THEODOR FRIEDRICH oa Enumeratio cgnooreninca specierun generis Hedysari. Petropoli, Bastin, Epson SEwE Lv. e.. exercises in botany. Philadelphia, Batscu, Aucust Jonann Georc Cart. Analyses florum e diversis plan- tarum generibus omnes, etiam tintissimas eorum externas partes i H eh ——.. Synopsis univ ersalis analstica a am oe omntum hucusque cognitorum. 2 parts. 79, [Bauuin, Gasrarp.] Histoire des Wale de anus et . usitées qui viennent d'clsie, d'Afrique, & d’ Amerique. vols nm, 1689. 263 x2 Lyon, 1766. —. Pinas theatri eae ... Stue, index in Theophrasti, Dioscori- dis, Plinti, et botanicorum qui & seculo scripserunt opera. Basileae, 1623. Prodromus theatri botanict in quo plantae supra sexcentae = oe ‘primum descriptae cum plurimis figuris proponuntur. Ed. alte endatior. Basileae, 1671. BraL, Sas MES. Seed dispersal. Boston, 1904 Becx, Lewis Cates. Botany of the United States north of Virginia. Ed. 2. New Yi rk, 1848. . 2 New BECKMANN, JOHANN Physi ae Gkonomische Bibliothek, vorinn von den neuesten B. n, iche die Naturgeschichte, Naturlehre und ie Land- und Stadtwirtschaft Cee suverlassige und vollstandt nachrichten enthei 3 ° ttingen, 177 05. Beur, Hans HERMAN ee on the genera of vascular plants in the vicinity of San Francisco. San Francisco, 1884. Bent, ALLEN Herpert. A bibliogr i of the White Mountains. Boston, IQII. BentHaM. Grorce. De Leguminosarum generibus commentationes. [Vin- dobonae, are ———--. Handbook of the British flora. London, 1858. BERENS, pete: on. De dracone arbore Clusi. Goettingae, 1770. Bercen, Fanny (Dickerson). Glimpses at the plant world. Boston, 1898. Bercen, JosepH Younc. Key and flora, northern and central states edition. BERGENDAL, Davip. Bidrag till drtartade dikolyledoners jimforande an- atom. Lund, 1883. BERGEVIN, ERNEST DE. Apercu physiologigue sur une forme de Thrincia hirta Roth. Rouen, 1 sur une forme anomale du Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Rouen, 1889. BERGGREN, Sven. Studier Gfver mossornas byggnad och utveckling, 1. Andreaeaceae. Lund, 1868. BerasMA, ArNoLD JaKos. De parthenogenesi plantarum. Trajecti ad 2 Bertotoni, Antonio. Lucubrationes ae re His [Bononiae, 1822.] M, FERDIN ILHELM. Flo von Braunschweig. Ed. Bessey, CHARLES Epwin. Botany for high schools and colleges. Ed. 4. Ne I essentials of botany d.5. New York, 1893 BEUREING, 5 Primitiae poe portobellensis ; ee enumeratio sf marin a quas juxta oppidum Portobello in isthmo pana- en. ricae centralis mense Spek anno 1826 leg t Joh. Eman. Billberg.. "Stockholm, 1854.] 264 Beyer, Rupotr. Beitrige zur Flora der Thiler Grisanche und Rhémes in den grajischen suis Berlin, 1891. Beyse, Gustav Herma Untersuchungen iiber den anatomischen Bau und das ie "Princip im Aufbau einiger Arten der Gattung atiens. Halle, 1881. Bibliographie nationale; dictionnaire des écrivains belges et catalogue de ublications 1830-1880. 4 vols. Bruxelles, 1886-1901. Bijdragen tot de natuurkundige wetenschappen. 7 vols. Amsterdam, 1826-32, Biscyorr, GOTTLIEB WILHELM. Lehrbuch der Botanik. 3 vols. & Anhang. Stuttgart, 1834-40. Brake, JoHN Lauris. Conversations on vegetable physiology. Boston, 18; s s ——. Ed. 7. Philadelphia, 1837. Biasguez, Pepro, & Brasquez. Icnacto. Memoria sobre el maguey mexi- cano (Agave Maximilianea). Mexico, 1865. Biount, THomas Pope. A natural history; containing many not common observations extracted fers. is BorEHMER, Grorc Rupo.r. Comimentatio botanico-lieraria de plantis in memoriam cultorum nominatis incepta anno 1770 nunc ad recentissima tempora continuata. Lipsiae, 1799. Museums anp HERBARIUM ae “North American Uredinales,” centuries 34 and 35. (Distributed by ae Bartholomew. specimens ie ne ioe North Dakota and South Dakota. (By ex- with Dr, J. le.) I il of fungus ae Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. Overhol: ts.) git specimens of fungi from Santo Domingo. By exchange with In- sular Se Station, Porto Rico. I spec of Prunus maritima from New Jersey. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britt hces 57 specimens of woody plants from Central America. (Given by Dr. Samuel J. Record. I specimen of Solidago erecta from Virginia. (Given by Dr. W. A. Murrill. 786 specimens from South America and China. (By exchange with the Museum of Natural History, Paris.) 18 specimens of flowering plants from Florida. (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper. I eae of Malpighia glabra from Texas. (By exchange with Mr. Edward T I specimen rat Galinsoga parviflora from New Jersey. (Given by Dr. Hudson Maxim.) 6 specimens of flowering Rate from Santo Domingo and Porto Rico. (Given by Professor F. D. n.) 265 specimens, Passiflora ais and Tetrastylis lobata. (By exchange with the Uni ited States National Museum. ns, “ North pene es Grasses.” (By exchange with the iculture. ns of mimosaceous plants. (By exchange with the United Sites "National Museum.) 13 specimens of Rubus from China, (By exchange with the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens, Kew, England. I specimen of Utricularia mixta from the Canal Zone. (Given by Mr. C. W. Dodge. 15 specimens of flowering plants from North Carolina. (By exchange ‘Pp with Professor B. W. Wells. specimens of floweri ing plants from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. specimens of Solidago. (Given by Mr. E. J. Palmer.) 12 specimens of American mimosaceous plants. (By exchange with the United States National Museum. 2 specimens, Oakestella and Trilliim, from New York. (Given by Mr. - “) 12 imens of flowering plants from Trinidad. (By exchange with the Agricultural Epa Station, oe of Spain, Trinidad. ,480 specimens of ferns and flowering plants from North America (By exchange with the Academy of Natural eee of Philadelphia.) 1,360 specimens of flowering plants from Peru and Chile. (Collected ys Dr. Francis W. Pennell. 2 specimens of flowering plants from the Mohave Desert, California. by Dr. Anstruther Davids nl. 2 specimens of flowering _ from Mexico. (By exchange with the United States National Museu 30 specimens of flowering ae from Cub; (Given by Brother Leén.) 714 specimens of flowering plants from California and contiguous terri- tory. (By exchange with Pomona College. I specimen of Riccia Ellioitii from the Panama Canal Zone. (Given by eae urs be airs of m e from Newfoundland and Province of Gi. “(en by i. cae ere sen.) I specimen of Halimeda discoidea pee Washington Island, Pacific Ocean. (Given by Professor W. A. ell. 3 specimens of Hepaticae from pee (Given by Miss Caroline C. Haynes. 2 es of Lithothamnium incertum from the Dry Tortugas, Flor- (In Ww. ida. xchange with Dr. R. Taylor.) I specimen of Dictyota ee and I specimen of Turbinaria filamentosa oe ee be exchange with Mr. Y. Yamada. marine ae from Labrador. (By exchange with the nee ces National Museum.) I specimen of Protoderma viride and 1 specimen of Aphanothece saxi- cola from Long ae N.Y. (Given by Mr. Roy Latham.) 266 3 specimens of fresh-water ee from Arkansas. (By exchange with the United States National Mus 2 specimens of Riccia from i. as. (Given by Dr. F. McAllister.) 1 specimen of Sphaerocarpos texanus from Texas. (By exchange with x specimen of Sargassum Palmerit from Guadalupe Island. (By ex- specimens of ma algae from Florida. (By exchange with Pro- fessor William R. foe 130 specimens of algae, 31 specimens of mosses, and 28 specimens of lichens, mostly from the South Sea Islands. (By exchange with the Uni- versity of Calif ria.) gi of mari ine ao from Friday Harbor, Washington. (By Lu 40 specimens of marine ae from Japan and Formosa. (By exchange with Mr. Y, Yamada, Botanical Garden, Te, Japan. 3 specimens of Hepaticae from Connecticut, (By exchange with Miss Annie Lorenz. 2 specimens of Riccta Frostii from Colorado. (Given by Dr. F. Mc- Allister. 9 specimens of flowering plants from Creaanes County, New York. (Given by Mrs. L. B. Fairbanks.) 450 specimens of ferns and ne ering plants from Brazil. (By exchange es the Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden. cimen of Houstonia Cats e. (By exchange with the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1,212 specimens of flowerless and flowering plants from Peru, collected by G. H. H. Tate. a ven by the American Museum of Natural History.) I specimen, fossil wood of ne us communis. Pleistocene (?) swamp deposit. ae ttan vet (By exchange with the American Museum of ist ory. 16 specimens, fossil wood and walnuts. Pleistocene (?) clay deposit. Porto Rico. (Given by Mr. Adriano Gonzales.) 2 specimens, Phragmites aquehongensis, Quaternary morainal deposit. Staten Island. (Collected by Dr. Arthur Hollick.) specimens, seeds of Nelumbo sp. a swamp deposit in southern 11 grasses from Brazil. (Collected ie Mrs. Agnes Chase.) photographs of American mimosaceous plants. (By. exchange with Mus 197 specimens of Melastomaceae. “(By exchange with the Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden.) 4 specimens of flowering plants from North Carolina. (Given by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry.) 34 specimens (22 plants and 12 photographs) of North American plants. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) 267 PLANTS AND SEEDS 60,000 bulbs, Tulips. (Given by the Dutch rae ene Association. ) 6 plants, [ris sp. (Given by Mrs. W. H. Peckham.) t va) Co.) lam 1 plant, Iris lacunarum. (G en er.) 3 plants, Myrtus sp. (Given by oe . W. Poole. 35 plants for Succulent House. (By exchange with Mr. Curtis Redfer: 7 n.) lants, Castalia and Begonia. (By exchange with Brooklyn Botanic Garden. 563 plants, Jris. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.} 25 eran Hymenocallis. (Collected by Dr. 1. K. Small.) a JK. nts for Rose Garden. Given by Bobbink and Atkins. 72 plants, Iris versicolor. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Sm i i La 3 plants, /ris. (Given by Mr. E. G. Lapham.) 1 plant, Jris. (Given by Mr. Walter Timmerman.) DITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF DAHLIAS 0 Dahlia roots of the variety Lemur and 16 (Parcs of William recede Ltd. 9 Dahlia roots, 22 varieties. (By exchange with Dr. Marshall A. 926) Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. Howe, 20 Dahlia plants, 10 varieties. (Given by Mr. John Harding.) 17 Dahlia plants, 7 varieties. (Given by Chemar Gardens.) i ie (Given by Slocombe’s Dahlia Gardens.) 14 Dahlia roots, 7 ae ‘and 4 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by Dahliadel Nurseries. 14 Dahlia plants, 14 varieties. (Given by R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons.) 14 Dahlia plants, 7 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. H. ) 12 Dahlia plants, 12 varieties. (Given by Fisher & Masson.) 12 Dahlia plants, 6 varieties. (Given by Success Dahlia er 12 Dahlia roots, 12 varieties. (Given by Mr. J. J. B 11 Dahlia roots, 11 varieties. (Given by Mrs. C. R. ae Leckie.) 268 3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mr. J. E. Du Bois.) 3 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with Mrs. . Chas. H. Stout.) : : : in.) 2 Dahlia roots, 1 variety. (Given by Mr. Jo i 2 Dahlia roots, 1 variety. iven by Mr. Reinhold Greinberg.) 2 Dahlia roots, 1 variety. ( n by Jo. 1 Dahlia exchange Z. 1 Dahlia root. (Given by Mr, Curtis Redfer 10 Dahlia plants, 5 varieties, and 6 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Be W. Kennedy & Sons. o Dahlia plants, 10 varieties, and 2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by ae si Alling.) 9 Dahlia plants, 6 varieties. (Given by Fraser’s Dahlia Gardens.) : Baie roots, 4 varieties. (Given by Mr. Leo Ritter. 8 Dahlia roots, 5 varieties. (Given by N. Harold Cott Son.) 7 Dahlia clumps, 3 varieties, and 6 Dahlia roots, 5 varieties. (By ex- change with Mr. C. Frey.) 7 Dahlia roots, 5 varieties. (By exchange with Dr. Carl P. Sherwin.) ie Kem 6 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (By lee with Mr. F. Light.) i i Gi . Michell Co.) 6 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties, and 3 Dahlia plants, 3 varieties. (Given by It: 6 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Blue Ribbon Heals ea : ae ei) 5 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. L. W. Darnell.) 4 Dahlia oe mi varieties, a 2 Dahlia roots, 1 a (Given by Aeien & Sher: 4 Dahlia pl lants, I aoe: (By exchange with New Jersey Agricultural Sa Station.) a ee PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Gardens monthly, copteininey notes, news, and non-techni specs ase Fre mbers of the Garde To others, 10 cents a cop year. PNoacn in oe twenty-seventh volume. Mycologia, REO, devoted to fungi, including lichens; $4.00 a year single cop es not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its en eenth volume. Addisonia, qu uarterl y, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied fe change.] Now in Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden n, containing reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, *and technical articles em- bodying Hocus oh savesteations Free to all members of the Garden; to Eine re, We, B olume. Now in its thirteenth v No: ERT aie eeeiati ions of the eal mie nie of North Amer- ica, Pane Greenland, “the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be coe eted in 34 vo dees Oy vo. Each vo um e to consist of four or more parts. 55 p ued. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a lim ited number aE sae Le will be Eola for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange.] Memoirs of The New York Eonical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Y: ol. II. The Influence of Light and Deets upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. MacDougal. xvi O pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. IIT. Studies of Cretaceous Genrcrone Remains from Kreischer- mille, New - rk, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii+ 138 pp., with 20 plates. 190 Vol. Iv affects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii-+ 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. Vol. Flor ra of he! Viceaty of New poe A pocuburion 2 Plant Geography, by Norman Taylor. vi-+ 683 pp., with 9 plates. Vol. VI. Papers presented at ie Celebration of the me eater Anni- versary of The New Yo ere arden. viii-++504 pp., with 43 Contributions from The New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted pom gga: other than zne above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per vol- In welfth volum THE NEW YORK oe apne GARDE x Park, New ae City GENERAL INFORMATION one of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden our hundred acres of beautifully diversified land in the northern par of an City of New York, jh rough which Hove bese Bronx River. A nativ hemlock forest is one of the features of the Plantations of ee at of native and eae trees, shrubs, and flowering plant Gardens, including a beautiful rose caren a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden: Greenhouses, con iting thousands of accra plants from America and foreign countri cies show ws throu netiod t the year—in the spring, sume and autum: dis of narcissi, daffodil s, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, waren liline ‘pladioli dahlias, and chrysa: anthemums; in the winter, displays of greenhouse-bloo ue plants A museum, containing exhibits of fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants occurring Hath one Ihandced miles of the City of New York, and the mic uses of plants An barium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican ea foreign ieee Exploration in diff t parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South AGrieticls for the study and collection of the character- istic flor: Scien fae Peseereli in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library : “botanical glitesstone: comprising more than 34,000 books are numerous pamphlet Public neti ben a pane variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the Publications on Bicencen subjects, partly of technical scientific, and ae of popular, interest. he education ot schoes cuilencn and the public through the above ee and the ng of free information on botanical, horticultural, and forestal subject The Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the City of New York, p vars bene tactons and membership fees. It bares ses now nea ety wo thousand Spe and applications a mbership are ee elcome The classes of membership nnual M e ual fee Ganeaaae to the Garden may be aces pene taxable incomes. The following is an ica form of bequ I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical cae incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 2 n of 1891, the sum of ———— All requests for further information should be sent to HE NEw i None BoTaNIcAL mae BRONX PARK, NEW YORK C VOL. XXVII DrcEMBER, 1926 No. 324 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN RECORDS OF GLACIATION IN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN ArtHur HoLiick TROPICAL GARDENS Kennetu R. Boynton THE BERMUDA ISLANDS Frep J. SEAVER THE OLIVIA AND CAROLINE PHELPS STOKES FUND ExizazeTtH G. Britton WINTER LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS INDEX TO VOLUME 27 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Atv LIME AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. THE Science Press PrintTine ComMPANY Hntered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Freperic S. Lee, President ; ApotpH Lewis! Henry W. DE Forest, Vice President Krnnetu K, MACRERE: nt B. F. K. Srurets, Vice P RRINGTON Moore Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer N. L. Britton, Secretary Lew1s RutHsrrurp Morrrs Epwarp D. Ap. Frepertc R. NEWBOLD HENRY DE pe “panies H a na area NicHotas Murray BuTLeR Guawne F Cares P. BErKEY uv D. CravatH Hersert M. RICHARDS Ropert W. DE Forest LANL USBY Cups Frick RGE J. RYAN Wi1aM J. Gres Mortimer L. Sc ARPER 1LL1AM Boyce THOMPSON JosEPH P. HENNESS nee re James J. WAreen) Mayor of the City of N Francis DAwson “GALLATIN, eeudeus of the Dae of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman Freperic S. Lez, Pu. D., LL. D. Cuartes P. BERKEY, Pu. NICHOLAS Muse RRAY Butter, Pu. D., tT. D. iL, 1D), Wri J. CHE: Jet, 1D) Gerorce J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF ING LS BRirrony Pts De Sc. 2D sig aly eee eae erie Director-in-Chief MarsHa_i A. Hows, Pu. D., Sc 1D REM ea SHUR NO AmE SRT S ssistant Director Orin ee SrivNge, leet, 1D), So, ID, soocccoccecc Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Strout, Px. D. Director of the Laboratories P. A. Rypserc, Px. D. H. A. Greason, Px. D. Curator FRED. rR, Pu. D. Curator ArtHur Hotttickt, Pu. D. Paleobotanist Percy WILson Associate Curator Patmyre DE C. Mir Associate Curator Joun HENDLEY BARNES: AL Mis MDE Scie meretielesec eines Bibliographer SaraH H. Hartow, A. M. Librarian H. H. Russy, M. Die ae Honorary Curator a the Economic Collections ELizABETH G. BRITTON Honorary Curator of Mosses Mary E. Eaton Artis KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gardener Rogert S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant TorasaBuro Susa, M.S.AG., Technical Assistant 5 ENSLOw, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custodian of Local Herbarium 1, 12, Sorbmenyaers, Pim, ID, Sobdnosnsducans Custodian of ae aceous Grounds D5) R. Brintey, C. E. ndscape Engineer ‘ALTER S. GROESBECK and Accountant Cle ARTHUR), CORBETT ears tence Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden Vor. XXVIT DECEMBER, 1926 No. 324 RECORDS OF GLACIATION IN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (W1TH TEXT FIGURES I-7) Any region or area of the earth’s surface over which a glacier as moved presents certain features that are so striking and char- acteristic that, once recognized, similar features cannot fail of recognition, no matter aie they may be encountered. most salient of these features are (a) rounded, scored, d of the immediate Sele reauiiee isolated = some con- the edges pounde and he surface ofte red or sc sched: ay presen glacier has “lived and moved and had its being.” a consti- that recounts the origin of the glacier, the direction in which it add but pea to its impressivene h ords left by the cates ice sheet of the Ice Age or Glacial Toa of the Quaternary Period, in its several advances 269 270 and retreats over this region, differ merely in degree and not in kind from those of any existing glacier, and many such aie i! ~ d boundaries N ork Botanical Garden. r s of erratic and isolated boulders are plenti Som ave evidently traveled long distances and have ‘indereon on- siderable abrasion en route eir see and angles are wo smooth an d rs ary little indication of the wear aad at ear of ene ion. Their surfaces and edges are rough. In some instances the ice, in melt- Ficure 1. Erratic boulder in the Hemlock Gaus near southern border. Photograph by J. K. Small, October 18, 1925. ing, left the boulders in eters looking positions—balanced on an direction may cause them to oscillate, or perched close to the edge if or ae Spb hows : : : t lateral extent as viewed in the picture. Its rough surface and edges indicate that it was not transported for any considerable ae rae ; h : = ft asin ia eee: ee : tie Sa. as - Ficure 2 Erratic boulder, perched on the edge of a rock ridge in woods east of the Horticultural Grounds. Photo- Sg eS Ces Sree Ne keene 272 one and that its original home was not very far away. picture eed ts eroded, upturned edges of the rock strata that form the T he onterops oe Manhattan schist—the only kind of native | fas = e glacial striae may be seen extending from the lower left toward the upper right-hand corner of each picture Fictre 3A is a general view of the outcrop and su rrguddiags, an tely N. Where they cross, ieee they subtend acute angles toward the ee and southeast and obtuse angles toward the south- west and northeast, as is well brought ae in FIGURE 3 If a geological map of New York State is now con sale ed, and the compass direction of the striae is ae by means of a rule: 1 River in the vicinity of Tappan, thence over the Shawangunk, Fictre 34. Rock outcrop ae in path west of the Herbaceous Grounds, showing aaa Sad glacial striae. Fictre 3B. Close view of aoe hand portion of rock outcrop shown in Photographs by Fleda Griffith, October. 1926. Figure 3A. 274, across the Mohawk River f Helderberg and Catskill mountains, valley in the vicinity of Canajohari C * a! ts * 9 0": 1“ 8 0 S, oe J tp @ LS 2 Ideal section of ice-transported deposit. Fioure 4b. Ideal section of water-transported deposit. disturbed till within the boundaries of the y by rrents that later FIcure 4a. extensive deposit of un Garden. Most of it was swept away by the tor was the till preserved intact, and by a limited area south N tory Range No. 2. Here a section of the till is exposed, and scat- tered through and over it are numerous cobbles and boulders, many of which may be recognized as lithologically identical with certain of the rock outcrops—some of them representing the far ee region—that lie in and across the path traversed by the ice s Water-trans nsported and ice-transported material, when finally deposited, may be readily distinguished, one from the other. Water ae ue material that it transports and deposits, leaving GURE 5a. Ideal representation of ock fragment = its gs condition. Boe 5b. The same fragment iter transportation by a oes Ficure 5c. The same fragment after transportation by v it arranged in layers, with the larger and heavier constituents at ally a heterogeneous mixture of unstratified clay, sand, gravel, 276 and boulders. An ideal section of the latter is indicated in the one oe in FIGURE 4a, and a similar section of the former in FIG Pash re this, if individual constituents of each kind of eposit are critically examined, they may be seen to possess cer- tain characters by means of which ee may be readily differen- tiated. The water-transported fragments are worn more or less eeelly on all sides and are formed into rounded cobble-stones and gravel, due to the rolling over and over to which they have Ficure 6. Portion of the Boulder Bridge, viewed from down the river. been subjected. Ice-transported fragments, on the other hand, al fa in such manner will retain, more or less, a fixed position and 277 become worn away in certain parts more than in others. The Ficure 7. Eastern end of pathway over Boulder Bridge. shapes in front, and remain rough and faceted in the rear. F 3 ized ch, designed to represent a io frag- i i iti s e transportation by running water. Actual specimens similar to 278 Gee comparable with FIGURE 5b may be found in connection with e till deposit previously mentioned, and any number of speci- mens like FIGURE 5c may be found in te river bed or in the soil of the adjacent floodplain. n conclusion, it may be remarked that one of these local geo- logical features—the ice- and water-transported rock fragments —have been utili the river valley region. Ficure 6 is a photograp. — a portion of he bridge, viewed from down the rv ver, and Figure 7 a view of the eastern end of the pathway over ArtTHuR Ho.ricx. TROPICAL GARDENS! o the present the tropical garden has had no form, but runs into the hundreds. One small, rather bushy palm could be 1 Abstract of a lecture and demonstration given in the Central Dis- play Greenhouse of Conservatory Range 2 of The New York Botan- ical Garden on Saturday afternoon, December 5, 1925. 279 mentioned, the Golden-Fruited Palm, with golden stems and leaf- stalks. The Wine or Toddy Palm is magnificent in fruit, with beard-like chains of green-purple berries. Other trees of the tropics are more beautiful than any we have in the North; there are the flaming avenues of Royal Poinciana, or Flamboyant, one of Madagascar’s gifts to the plant world, for summer bloom, and th Pa trees of 1 many kinds, w ith scarlet vitae, Rain , Tamarind, Monkey’s-earring, Woman’s-tongue, and Bread- fruit are all ‘dist nctive tree There are roadside gar rdens i in the ne planted by nature. e and the Leucaena, with he of white er. scheme she continues along the hedgerows, with introduced vines uch lack- S$ unbergia, yellow, cream or and exposed scarlet re of the fruit of the balsam apple, Momordica. The tropical forests, luxuriant in themselves, nature makes into gardens by edging them with rose-apples, East Indian flow- i i ich Dr. N. L. Brit i ers with white stamens, whic t ritton says are numeri- cally the most extensive species of plants now in Por ico. In the planted ens flowers are never lacking; fragrance and color predominant, though foliage is always present. Exoti shrubs of history, such as the Cr. T d Oleander, are lways to be fo in these gardens he Chinese Rose or shrubby Hibiscus, with its gorgeous flowers of many shades, is subject of the experimenter and the hybridist to a greater extent han most shrubs. There are two colors, red and yellow, in a 280 glorious flowering relative of the Poinciana, namely, the Barba- h dos Pride. It grows wild, as the beginner says, and blossoms i m seed. The Wi freely. The unique eee Gardenia, is a a hap y inhabitant i s t e he Cap tropical world, gives rich fragrance fro ouble white blo € b: plantsmen. Living examples of many sorts from the Gard onservatories were exhibited at the lecture. Kennetu R. Boynton. THE BERMUDA ISLANDS! The Bermuda Islands are located about 700 miles from New York City and nearly 600 miles from the nearest land, few islands ca. ground into sand and fused together. The resulting rock is very soft, so that it can be readily cut with a saw and is used for build- 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given in the Museum Building of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, May 9, 1926. 281 ing material. The soil i is of a reddish color and not of ay great depth. The houses being composed entirely of limestone and lumber obtained from the red cedar. principal nase is agriculture, Bermuda onions, potatoes Easter lilies being produced in alee large quanti- ties. The islands are becoming more and m winter resort, so aor many of the eee depend upon fe pen for their means of subsisten Two visits to the Beets were made by the lecturer in the anie ns. has become quite a fad and the results are very inter- esting. Because of the prevailing winds the gardens are often inclosed by limestone fences or oleander hedges. No place visited y the lecturer has such a display of beautiful gardens, whether they be associated with the wealthiest mansion or the humblest cottage. More than one hundred carefully colored lantern slides had been secured for the purpose of illustrating this talk. While Ber- muda is a very interesting spot from the scientific point of view, 282 it is of equal interest to the tourist who wishes to escape the rigors of a northern winter and spend a few weeks ba in the sunshine of these semi-tropical Hands Frep J. SEAVER. THE eee AND CAROLINE PHELPS STOKES FUND THE PROTECTION OF NATIVE PLANTS This fund of $3,000, given by the Misses Phelps Pee in $1 e having been about $3,500, The gift was made for the ie w t widely distributed. Many illustrated lectures have been deliv- Colored i schoolrooms. Colored lantern-slides have been prepared of many native plants, in flower or in fruit. Correspondence has included The operation of this fund has, without doubt, ae of great value in restricting the destruction of native plants by indis- criminate picking of wild flowers and the breaking . branches of flowering shrubs and trees. It also led up to the formation in 1902 of the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America, with chapters in many parts of the United States. The income is at present accumulating for the color-illustra- tion of three or four additional plants needing protection. Those Bird’s-foot Violet, Laurel, pre zalea, Rhododendron, Dog- wood, and Fringed Gent ExizasetH G. Britron. 1 See Journal 3: 1, 2. 1902. 283 WINTER LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS, 1926-27 During the months of December, January, and February, lec- tures and demonstrations are held in the Cone Display Green- house of Conservatory Range 2 of The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoons, beginning at three o’clock. The program is as follows: December 4. “ Plants that Produce Rubber.” Dr. A. B. Stout. December 11. “ House Plants and their Care.” Mr. H. W. Becker. December 18. ‘“ Some Ornamental Plants of the eee r. Marshall A. Howe. January 15. ‘‘ Garden Vegetables and Herbs.” Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton. January 22, ‘‘ The ees of Commerce.” Dr. H. A. Gleason. January 29. “Cacti Dr. John K. Small. February 5. “ pee oa and Choc ” Dr. F. J. Seaver. February 19. ‘“‘ The Planting of oe Seeds.” Mr. George Friedhof. February 26. “Some Geological Features - The New York Botanical Garden.’ r. Arthur Hollick. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Mr. E. J. Schreiner ne the greater part of the summer in Canada and in Maine in the research on poplars and spruces. He will be located at the ee for the winter months. A class in “landscaping the home grounds,” under the direc- tion of Diets Hugh Findlay, of Columbia University, has G o study trees and et r. Percy Wil ilson, reso ociate Brie have coéperated with Professor Findlay in this course of instruc During October, Dr. A. B. Stout, of the Garden staff, spent a week at the State Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva in sos 5 ain h Co} fruits and in studying the seedling grapes being grown. Later he spent several days in Maine in connection with the research of breeding poplar trees. 284 First impressions of oe display of chrysanthemums shown in the Central Display House, Conservatory Range 2, which con- i n ieties en ed by Mr. Elmer D. Smith, of flowering time, color, and size of the pot-plant varieties. The biology classes of the Evander Childs High — to os number of about five hundred, visited the Garden in the fore of Saturday, November 13. After observing certain ee in Conservatory Range 1 studying trees on the grounds, unde some of the economic products of plants in the Museum com- pleted the morning’s work. Dr. Robert Chodat, Professor of Botany in the University of Geneva, Sanat spent November 12th and 13th at the Gar- and northern South America, obtained on various expeditions, are of especial importance in this connection The first conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Stu- November 3rd Tr A. Gleason spoke on “ The ecological survey of Porto Rico.” He presented a general summary of results of this survey, a complete report of w is soo: 7 other institutions. Dr. A. B. Stout reported on “ Studies at the 285 State Agricultural Experiment Station” at Geneva, N. Y. This was a statement of the progress of the studies bein i opment of a new seedless grape, which has a its first frutt this year, and the display of a cluster of the This is said to be a seen apple year in New York State. 1 rgu Li one pistillate Ginkgo tree ae bore cee crops this year—E. G. B. Meteorology for November, The total rainfall at The New York Botanical Garden for the month was 4.57 inches. The oe au recorded for each week were 62 he oth, 66° on the 200, and 57° on the 26th. The ae poe were 28° on the 4th, 24.5° on the 12th, age nm preceding the 2 ACCESSIONS BOOKS FROM THE LIBRARY OF DR. J. H. BARNHART, P ASED 1926 (CONTINUED) ee of the ee Soctety of Natural History. Vol. 1. Boston, es E, Cart Lup Neesia; genus plantarum iavanicum. n. p. [1835]. i CLAUDE ae pe. Flore d'Europe. 3 vols. Lyon, 1805. 286 Botpt, Jouan GeorG Rosert. Desmidieer fran Gronland. Stockholm, 1888. Nixotaus. De utilitate illorum laborum quos recentiores in re ize] ‘e) Zz oo se E 3 Pile de Sitcha. {St. Petersburg, 1833. lantae quatuor abeiasaart novae. t. Petersburg, 1839.] Boca, Avucust cu, & Meyer, Cart Anton. Verzeichniss er im Jahre 1838 am Saisang-Nor und am Irtysch gesammelten Pflan- Ein sweites Supplement sur Flora altaica. [St. Petersburg, Bonnet, Epmonv. Letires de Linné a ie van Royen. Genéve, 1895. Boos, Joseru. Schénbrunn’s Flora; tematisch-geordnetes Ver- zeichniss der in holléndisch- botanischen Hofgarten by Schon- brunn cultivirten Crake i Triest, 181 Boott, Francis umeration of the Carices of British North America. (London, n. d.] EAU, ALEXANDRE. Additions ad la Notice historique sur le Jardin des plantes d@ Angers. [Angers, Boscu, Rorror BEng. Vv. E Hymenophyllaceae novae .. . sup- plementum. 2 parts. am, “| ———. Synopsis Hymenophyllacearum, monographiae hujus ordinis prodromus. Lugd. ve 58]. Bra , Ernst ADOLF WALTER. oe tiber die Mtkroor- ganien in Schlampe und seems Lei Bre ; LPH nes ape su + le genre Fu — r les especes on ge ae qu wil renferme en Normandie. Cae 1 Brewster, Georc. Ueber die Production von Kohlenséure durch getétete ae ae Kiel, 1887. BrEYNE, igs fasciculi rariorum plantarum primus et secun- nt icones rartorum et exoticarum plantarum. . Ge- dani, . Broers, GE Res, is ad quaestionem botanicam: Quid botanic: de tis plantarum gemmis aique de gemmatione universa observarint et. . erint? Trajecti a/ I Brown, Oniver Puetrs. The co. erbalist; oe the people their own Psion by the use of nature's sila Jersey City, 1869. Brown, Rosert. Asclepiadeae recensitae. Pra; ae, ae ——. A ae rief account of microscopical observations made in ree) _ June, July, and August, 1827, on the particles contain ie in the pollen of plants and of the general eta of active molecules in org Z He inorganic bodies. “INot published.]” Characters and descriptions of three new spec of plani found in China by Clarke selected from u oan ae ie s herbarium that escaped the wreck of este. T.ondon, 18 287 Prodromus florae Novae-Hollandiae et insulae Van Dieman. n. p., 1821, ——— tH, nium primum, Loudini, 1830. — abies with observations on Sterculieac, the tribe to which tt oie Se don, 1844. Brown, Rozert, campst. las Innere von Grénland. [Gotha,] 1 BucHENA RANZ GEORG PHIL Flora von Bremen und en . 3. Bremen, 188s. [Buc’Hoz, PIERRE Jose | Dictionnaire des plantes alimentaires, qui peu- vent s r de ee t de boisson atx différens peuples de la aris, terre. BucutTien, Orro. Sone eee des Prothallium von Equisetum. a 7. Bunsury, ‘Curanues James Fox. Botanical fragments. London, 1883. NGE, EXANDER VON numeratio plantarum quas in China boreal: collegit Dr. Al. Bunge, anno 18 [Petropoli, 1835. ——. Verseichniss der im € 1832, im Ostlichen Thetle des Altai- Gebirges gesammelte: Phas en. Ein Supplement sur Flora a.taica. [St. Petersburg, 1835. Buso & Son EISSNER. Illustrated descriptive catalogue of Ameri-an rape vines. Ed. 3. . Louis, : 7 i est. London, Re Buxton, Epwarp Norrn. E£ppin CALCARA, PIETRO. Florula medica siciliana. cerche sulla storia naturale de’ Paler eet a ee Palermo, yee, ———. Sui boschi della Sicilia memoria. Paler 1848. Canpoexd, pie 0. nographie des Rumex, title de quelques cues fade sur la SS _ Polygonées. Pari 19. CANDOLLE, nae N PyramMus Revue de la famille Portulacées. (Paris, 1 88] The scenery by Rev. George Gilfillan and the Comrie and its environs. DousLepay, Netrye (DE FF). Nature’s garden: an aid to Re i in ti isitors. New Yo : Memoir of Jaco elow. Cambri . lantae Lindheimerianae. Pt. 1. Asa Gray. [Bosto Mexicanas plantas nuper a collectori- as . Pars prima Cryptogamia ad- 1’) Nylander et Em. “Bosthiorelle edita. Parisiis, 1872. ars secunda Gramincac. Parisiis, 18 GarLAxn, ALEJANDRO. Pert in 1906 with a ‘brief historical and geograph- tcal sketch. Lima, 1907. 288 GonzaLEs Suarez, Fepertco, ed. Un opusculo inedito de Dr. Francisco José de Caldas. Quito, 1907. GrirritH, Wittiam. Jcones plantarum asiaticarum. Part 1. Calcutta, 1847. £, THOM Eden; or, a complete body of gardening. London, Hau OM AS. ee des plantes de la wille de Bordeaux. Catalogue de graines ie Memoirs of the American academy of arts and sciences. Vol. 1. Boston, Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific and Beering’s strait, to co-operate with the Polar expeditions: alas in ee Ns ea i Blossom, un- 26, der the command of ain F. IV. @ years 1825, 2 27, 28. New e O: al series of botan cal (eis for the herbarium, adapted to the respective ‘as of Sinit th, Hooker, Lindley, Macreight; including one for ever: plant hitherto recognized as indigenous to the British islands, Lon- Sitsungsberichte der i béhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften . Prag, 1 [Spacu, Enovarp.] coe See ae icones.] nm. Tuwaites, Revsen GOoLp, e travels, 1748— ne Bradbury’s travels in the. interior o america, 1809-1811. ce aa Transactions of is American medical association. Vols. 1, 2, 7. Phila- phia, 1848, ’49, ’54. Trousactons of the oe vian society of arts and sciences. Vol. 7. Ba- ta Verhaudlungen des aes des vaterlandisch Museums in Bohmen. Vols. 13-20. Prag, 1 pe des eee Vereines in Briinn. Vols. 7-12. Briinn, 1 aie GEO. Cones ralregister der Schriften der is bohmischen Gesell- haft Fi ww issenschaften 1884-1904. Prag, 19 INDEX TO VOLUME 27 Abies balsamea 5, 85, 87; Fraseri 5, 37, - 8 » L. R. 239 Abstracts of lectures 11, 1 29, 40, ONS 21, 45, 117, 138, 167, 188, 212, 230, 260, 285 (See The New York Botanical Garden ese 2 ae os plant collec- S 106 n, Key Bese eare ; nigrum 34; saccharum 4; epicatuin aL "83 Acocanthera 175 Acokanthera cae Ae Aconitum 6; autumn: 79; nense 77; ferox 176; gees 2 80; reclinat Additions to the collection of Dah- lias 4! 7 re panes ie 173 Aesculus octandra 39, 85 Agave ie Alans Cangas 86 Aleuria aurantia 23 Alisma 14 Alleghany M tains,—I. e irgini Botanizing i iehet —Il. West Belay and Tennessee 33; —III. North Caroli Alsine eames Aithaea — ee 5 : a Alyssum saxatile 75; saxatile citri- num Amelanchier intermedia America, Musa in ‘ropiea 49 American plants at home—V. The climbing Bignon made Tropical 169 Amorphophallus 176, 2 Al ilophium 173 Antennaria neodioica 2 Anthemis Cotula 150, 152 Anthony, H. E. An ie innoxia Be toxicaria 174, Anvchia II4; canadensis 2; mon- a2 yen se 265 Aquilegia canadensis 80; aia 80; coccinea 2 Arabis alpina 75 oe hispida 3 aria 242 es -alpine American 24! Arenaria glabra 39; serpyillifolia 2 Aronia atropurpurea 3; melano- carpa 34 ! Arrabidaea 1 2 Trow-poisons Thei sources, preparation, and eect; Plant 174 Arsenococcus ligustrinus 81, 86 Artemisia 150; tridentata TS0, 152 Arthur, J. C. 20 Aruncus eRe ay 35 Arundinaria a 87, Aeoratn 353 is fee Asclepias exaltata 35; ads 2 Asplenium montanum &r Aster chlorolepis a. "divaricats 83; Novae-Angliae 75, 7 Astilbe japonica 79 oe peti zeouets 113 Atkins, F. L, ea 259 North vegetation, 8 tray agen ie amer a 35 ttempt to aid ‘the natural propa- gation of hemlocks, An 6 Actrietia deltoidea 75 Aureolaria laevigata 85 Avena a Awards and the prize-winning plans in the Small Garden Competition Azalea lutea 85; nudiflora 218; vis- cosa 86 ei Rimo 239 Bag Hon. Jaime and Sefiora Baga 101 Bailey, L. H. sad Wir ie 199 Ballou, C. H. Baptisia sustialis 75, 80 arbar: a 3. Barbieri pinnate 110 Barleria Prionitis 110 290 pues jot Hendley 108, 137, 285 Ganiereie plan ae een dinie tos 108 The ical Congress at ae ae Bar *0. W. Banc Otis W. a Mrs, 101 Barron, Leonard 2 Barrus, Clara 115, 2, Bartean, Mats pod Bassler, Harvey, Musa in Tropical America oe Bates, . IOT Beattie, R. Kent 116 Becker, Ww " . W. 108, 283 Publications during 1925 108 Begonia 267; Dregei 108; sanguinea 108 Be ‘His perennis 75 Benthamia 2 Bequest n C. Inslee 17 Berkey, r ns 226 80 Bermuda, Myco' ogi! ald in 90 Berry, Edwart dW 187 Betula a4, 53 49, aleepensensi 4 o 85; tifera 4; ie Bicuculla eximia 3, 6 Bigelow, Henry B. 233 Bignoniads, Tropical American plants at home.—V. The climbing 109 Bignonia radicans 1 169 Birch leaf-miner, The 234 Blakeslee, A. F. 115, 138 Variation, heredity, en- vironment in relation to evo- i lution 162 Blephariglottis ciliaris 86; grandi- flora 86 Blephilia see 4 Blodgett, F. H. 2 Blue Ribbon Dahli ia Company 254 Blundell, L. L. 73, 78, 79, 258 Robbink re Atkins 9, 26-28 Bob Wh 16 Rocconia ¢ cor: ial ta 75, 7. Bodman, Mrs. Pavan Gud 137 Bo ae nia asteroides 75, 80; latis- a 77 Books | from the library of Dr. J. H. Barnhart, pure BL 1926 260, 285 Books purchas ed from the Geneva Botanical Garden, August, 1923 (co ntinued) 45, 140, 167, 188, 239 Borza, Al 239 Botanic Gardens at Kew, England, The Royal 24 Botanical Congress at Ithaca, The Botanical exploration in Porto Rico, Further Botanical features of Ceylon Botanical Garden, Notes on bded in the 184 : Pea travel in Peru and Chile Bota anicing in the Higher 7 eehany irgim Bo Bower, F. 20 Boyce Thompson Institute 61 oynton, ee R. 9, 71, 73, 80, 108, 175, . Ch rysanthem 1925 9 Publications ‘during 1925 108, 109 Some recent accessions to the living plant collection 106 ens British Guiana jungles, In 250 Britton, we abeth G. oe N. LY) 97, 109, T 244, 259, ‘hompson 210 ing 1925 _109 and Caroline Phelps 10, 97, 109, atte pee i oof hemlo Bequest of Helen C. Tales 17 Doctor William E. Wheelock I Fourth grant from the income of the Charles Budd Robin- d 234 botanical exploration tto Rico 97 2g1 Publications during 1925 100, 110 ot David L: d 251 swamp cypresses 205 Tree- ferns in Fore Rico 88 and Rose, J. N. and Wilson, _ a River Cc. B. Brown Charlotte Od rey 73, 80 Brown, Judge eid 183 po Satie ,D. Vv. ni Byrsonima Horicana 110 Calla 146 Callichalmys 373 Campanula “cadegnth ema 77; car a 75, ae divaricata 84; pe en TA rsicaefolia alba 80 Campanulastrum americanum 84 Carex 149; stric Central ener Greenhouse . Con- rvatory Rang: 283, 284 Cerastium tomentosum 75 Ceratiola ericoide ee 202 Ceratozamia 124, eylon, Bota: cal “Features of 41 Chamaserist n mirabilis rege ue ae ° aay. strix Palmetto 199; serrulata 199 199; Chambe ie J. 20 . Chandler, Charles aie 14-16 ee n, Hon. Carlos E. 100, 104, Chardon, ee Carlos E. and Mrs. Chemar Gardens 254 oe ye H. 71 Buona ns: Their 8, oe jacation: and ef- 0 fec Gini * elt tiles? Why are 2 Chile, Botanical travel in Peru and 202 Chionodoxa 44 Chtorophora excelsa I07 Chodat, Robert 284 Chomelia 112 er Chry: sopsis. | Mariana 86 Chubb, S. Barmsted 137, 236 Cicuta Curtisii 6, 81 Cimicifuga racemosa 79 Circaea lutetiana 35 Cirsium muticum Clematis Tackiman 77; paniculata 80 foetida simplex 79; irginiana Clethra ‘neunrinata 81, 86 Clintonia borealis 81, "82; umbellata Cobaea scandens 80, 164 Coco 195 Coe, W. R. 209 Colden, Cadwallader 117 Collado, Isidoro R. 239 Collection of Dahlias, Additions to the 48, 267 Collectes es ana Donors and Ex- anthony, H.EJr Beals, A. F. 24; wand Bassett 47 Calerén Sitvadée 22 Mrs. Agnes 266 ey D. 26) ps Seaver, red T. BA 23 mall, John K. 24, eas Temp son, J. B. Colombia, A Eeilection: of mosses from Colorado, R. 104 Columbia Univ: ersity 14 Combe, Mrs. Louisa 18 Comment, NoreS News, and 20, 43, 71, 95, 116, 137, 165, 186, 212, 235, 259, 28 Conference notes 18, 95, 135 Conference of the scientific staff and as students of The cae ork Botanical Garden 95, a Srtorenre on Flower and a Sterility, The International 2 Congea tomentosa 1 07 Conerraion Forest deg of e Northwest a eee oO Convallaria Sor. a coms aie av spitha- Cook. ‘Vie 1 T. 43, Too, 104, 116 Co rbett, Arthur J. oe eopsis lanceolata 79; pubescens stellata 35 conan japonica 107; nepalensis Corte ae ersity 8 Corn alternifolia 34; cana- Carters oP Henri ane Corylus rostrata 8 ety pha 107; mt iqua ue oe 19 a7 pumila 197; repen Couch, J. N. me Coulter, John M. 245 iginal ae a of the Yel- ee sstone National Park 4o one 107 wles, H. T. 102 eae virginiana 2 rae macrosperma 86; punc- ne 7 Mr. and Mrs. ae H. 101 erase Wit 209, 211, 245 eine ties in propeealior 245 Crocus 14 Cronartium Harknessii 22 Culture, ine oe its 181 Cuseuta ros a 83 Cuspidaria Cyather deyopneroides 89, 90 Cycads 121 Cycas 123, 124, 126, 120 Cynthia montana 85 Cypresses, The ed 205 Cytospora Batatas 130 eo! The perfume of Nar- cissi 159 Dahlia collection, 7s 1926 252 Dahlia imperialis Dahlias, Additi en ce the collection of 48, 207 Dale, E. E. 99, Da ly, A marca co Mrs. 135 mere at idge Charles Patrick 135, St, Dan, em Lydig 135 Danthonia compressa 37; spicata 2 David Lydig 251 D m 80 Demonstrations 1036 1037, Winter lectures and 28. Dendrium i 39, 81, enniston, : = ace Herbert M. Deser ae getation of ae Souttwesk Done Br. and Mrs. John S. 102, 239 Dianthus Alwoodii 77; deltoides 75; plumarius 75, 80 Dicentra cucullaria 75; eximia 75; spectabilis 75 Dictyota dilatatus 2 Dierv WA sessilifolia 7 86 Difficulties in propagation 245 Digitalis ie