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ENEWYORK BOTANICAL GARDE]

‘Lau

JouRNAL
OF

Tue New York BotanicaL GARDEN

VoLUME XXIII, 1922 =

PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE
Davip Lypic Funp

BEQUEATHED BY CHARLES P, DaLy

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR

R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

VoLuME NNIII
Wii 15 PLATES

1922

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

At 8 West Kine Street, LANcasTER, Pa.
INTELLIGENCER Pannave Co.

OFFICERS, 1922
PResIDENT—W. ees Botan
ee Y W. deFOREST
Vick-PRESIDENTS ee
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRIL

—J
ASSISTANT eta eae De LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

Haid aed AMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBE Wedek FOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD nas
oe Ww. ane FOREST SRT Te R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires ioe 1925
HENRY deFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWI OE
PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOOR:
JOSEPH P. HENNESSY LLIAM BOYCE THOM PSON

WIL
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tae Mayor OF THE City oF NEw York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLic PARES
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chai
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. EREDERIC S. LEE
DR. ae MURRAY BUTLER Eee HERBERT M. le
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. H. RUSB

HENRY
PROF, JAMES F. KEMP HON . GEORGE J. RYAN

ARDEN STAFF
RITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)

L.B
DR. H. x GLEASON, Assistant Dice (Administration)
DR. Ce K. R WAM Head per ator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
ae

JAMES A. CRAWFORD, Associa.
DR. A. B. STOUT, Diecio Ca Cs

DR, JOHN HENDLE ART, Ei oathar
KENNETH R. BOYNTON. # fan oe
. HARLOW,
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the ceconiae Collections

ELIZABETH G. BR TTON, Honarary Curator

ve Mosses
ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanis:
7 SL

J INLEY, L cape Engt ad
WALTER S. GROESBECK , Clerk and Acco
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of ‘Buildings He ‘Ciuinde

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Murry Guggenheim c
Fritz Acheli J. Horace Harding Eben E, Ole
Edwar Montgomery H Prof. Henry F, Osborn
Charles B. “Alexander Edward S. Harkness Chas. Lathrop Pack
Vincent Astor rof. R larpe Henry Phi,
John W. Auchincloss J. Amory Haskell n
George F T. A. Havemeyer James R. Pitcher
Stephen Ba A. Heckscher a A.
Henry de Forest Baldwin Hon. Joseph P. Hennessy Chales nd
Edmund L. Baylies Bernhard Hoffmann Ogden Mills Reid
Prof. Charles P. Berkey Archer M. Huntington Prof. H. M. Ri s
Eugene P. Bicknell drian Iselin ohn D. Rockefeller
C. K. G. Billings Dr. Walter B. James W. Emlen Roosevelt
George Blumenthal Walter B. oe gs Prof. H. H. eae
George S. Brewster Otto H Hon. Geo.
Prof. N. L. Britton rof, Jam oe Kem: Dr. Reginald H. awe
Prof. Edw. S. Burges: Darwin P. Kin ae Mortimer L. Schiff
Dr. Nicholas M. But! w. V. Z, Lane Albert R. Shattuck
Prof. W. H. Carpenter Dr. Albert R. Ledoux Henry A. Siebrecht
Prof. C. F. Chandler Prof. Frederic S. Lee Valentine P. Snyder
Hon. Me = Clark Adolph Lewisohn James Speyer

i‘ Kenneth K. Mackenzie Frederick Strauss
Marin Le Re Cooper V. Everit Macy . K, Sturgis
Paul D. Cravath Edgar L. Marston B. B.
James W. Cromwell W. J. Matheson Charles G. Thom eae
Charles Deering George McAneny joyce Thomp
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow Dr. Walter Mendelson Dr. W. Gilman reonaion
Cleveland H. Dodge John L. Merrill Louis C. Tiffany

muel W. Fairchild Ogden Mills Felix M. Warburg
William B. O. Field Hon. Ogden L. Mills Paul M. Warburg
James B. Ford Barrington Moore Allen Wardell
Henry W. de Forest J. Pierpont Morgan H. H. Westinghouse
Robert W. de Forest Dr. Lewis R. Morris Bronson Winthro

. J. Gies Frederic R. Newbold Grenville L. Winthrop

Daniel Guggenheim
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish sai Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Delancey Ki Mrs. William A. Read
Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Hamilton F. kes Mrs. James Roosevelt
Mrs. N. L. Britton Mr: i

S av E. Kissel Mrs. Bens Sloan
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. A. A. Low Mrs. Theron G. Str
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey rs. V. tit Macy s. Edw. H. Talmage
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn Mrs. Henry Marqua s. Henry O. Taylor
Mrs. Robert C. Hi Mrs. George W. i Mrs. W. hompson
Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. George D. Pra Mrs. Cabot Wa rd

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

E. Henry one Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser Mrs. F. F. Thompson
we John I. Kan Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. 265. JANUARY.

Paulownia in

Ce for Eyer vbody
Conference No bay for January
Notes, Newes caer

Accessions

No. 266. FABRUARY.
The wake me ae
Wild Pump
The Calin Collection of Alga
Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York Bot-
anical Garden for the year 1921

Greenhouse Lectures, March and April 1922
Conference Notes
Notes, News and Comment

‘cessions

No. 267. Marcu.
The Bucaneer-Pal
Conference Be toe biel
Notes, News and Comme
Ae ibne?

No. 268, AFRIL.
Botanical I in Porto Rico
Notes, News and Comment

No. 269-270. May-JuNE.
The Saw-Cabbage Palm... .. 2.00. ssc c cece cece eee eee ete ne nner ce ees
Black Ducks in Resting’ Time

Conference Notes for Apri
Notes, News and Comment
Accessions

Narative of an Ascent of Pica Turq Cub:

Notes on ae ey aie oy Mr. Bucher on Pics Turquino, Cuba.....
The New Mansion Appro: hy Entance and Fencing on Pelham Parkway
Waterliiies a “the Botan: fie al Garde

Second Grant from the Charles Budd Robineon Fund scsi aeaateiatnue
Notes, News and Comment

No. 272. AuG
Rep of Work on the Mulford Biological Tata of 1921-1922.
Some Edible Cup-Fungi
Notes, News and Comment

COUN 6

viii CONTENTS

No. 373. SEFTEMBER.
The Botanical Fountain of Youth
Autumn Lectures 1922
Notes, News and Comment

No. 274. OCTOBER.
Wild Flowers Needing Preservation a 137
The Botanical ener of Youth (contin 139
Preliminary Rev of Inv vestigation with oe of Lilium........-- 155
Notes, News a nd Cokin 158
ccessions. 159
No. 275. NOVEMBER.
The Blue- Stem 161
1A ica 168
Notes, News and Comment 175
Plant and Seed Accessions 176
No, 276. DECEMBER.
Holly, Laurel and Winterberry 177
Winter Lectures........ 0... c ccc ee cece e ee een rete e erence cenenene 181
Accessions 182
de: 190

No. 265

Vol. XXIII January, 1922
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden

R. S. WILLIAMS

dministrative Assistant

CONTENTS
Paulownia in Winter Te
hrysanthemums for Everybody 3
Conference Notes for January ...... 5
Notes, News and Comment 5
Accessions 8

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West Kinc StRgET, LANCASTER, Pa
INTELLIGENCER PrintiInc CoMPANY

OFFICERS, 1922
PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPS
W. OL ORE
Vic-PRESIDENTS A eoaiie S. LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. RRILL
AssIsTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUT: Heras ains MORRIS
HENRY W. de FOREST Bee R. NE
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOM! PSON
Term expires January, 1925
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN pena LEWISOHN
PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOO
JOSEPH ’P. HENNESSEY wl AM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THe Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorE
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN

THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
os SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman

EUGENE P. BICKNE LL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE

DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL

PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. N. L. apres Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEA! eon, reid Director figs istration)
DR. JOuNe K. aT ETERS ad Cur of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
R. W.A MURRILL, 5 een of Public Instruction
PRR P.A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants)
DR. eee A. a Neebyt (Flowerless Plants)
R. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless ae
ROBERT Ss WILLIAMS, “Administrative ba
ERCY WILSON, Associate Cur
Jam ES A. CRAWFORD. Henataes eae
A. B. STOUT, Director of the agree nae es
DR. JOHN HENDLEY Satay pe pad acid
ETH R. BOYNTON, Hea
ARLOW, Libr ae an
DR. H. H. RUSB Y, Honorary Curator of the Ec ‘onomic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses

JlournaL of THE New York BoTanicaL GARDEN PLate 267

ulownia tomentosa. Sra from photograph of tree in New York Bot-
amical Garden, taken in Feb.

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII January, 1922 No. 265

PAULOWNIA IN WINTER
WITH PLATES 267 AND 268

Paulownia tomentosa or P. imperialis, under each of which

in s , by re the panicles of purple, fragrant, trumpet-
shaped flowers that are in full bl bef he appearance of
th es, and i mer, when the broad, velvety leaves have

branches, so th oughout the entire period of seasonal
growth some one striking feature is always apparent. Durin:

nter, also, rs, leaves, an f the seed-pods
have disappeared, it is still conspicuous among all ot e-
iduous trees in th gion because of its erect, branching,
terminal Lagan of velvety-brown flowers buds, often a foot
or more in length, that can hardly fail to attract the attention

of even a re observer.
These eae sada: ee are actually formed late

in the preceding summer, are particularly interesting because
they are not paarenee) into eae closely compacted, winter
buds, such e are familiar with in connection with nearly all

(Plate 268, fig. 2), which expand in the following spring and
1 The leaves, moe particularly those borne ean aes —_ young vig-
orous shoots,

and are strikingly suggestive of tropical foliage. A beautiful example of a

building, was described and figured in the Journal for January 1907.

gradually develop into flowering panicles. The winter- -bud stage
of Paulownia is represented by a fully developed panicle (Plate
268, Fig. 1), of ich each individual embryo flower consists

an adequately protected bud, so that the entire panicle is
pre to t once into full blossom when t roper
time interesting significance of this character is
that, superficially at least, 1t appears to represen tropical

®
9
3
Sg

is the apparently tropical habit of its inflorescence.
that the flowers do not bloom until relatively Iate in the season,
in the latter part of April and early in May, when warm or
mild weather is eaves suhae would also seem to favor
the idea of a warm-climate

Another eee ing and a fact is that Paulownia,
formerly regarded as belonging to the Scrophulariaceae or
F ee t family, is now ecas to the Bignoniaceae or Trum-

et-creeper family with its 500 or more species that are almost

a rature, is sp as foun n
deposits of late Tertiary (Pliocene) age; but as to its previous
ancestry, or the former extent of the geographic distribution

eg ilable paleontologi d

e, as yet, no a I g
In Europe it was evidently exterminated by the ice and cold of
maintain

tern
Asia, where it is an element in the native flora of that region.

JoURNAL OF THE New York Botanical GARDEN PLATE 268

Fig. 1. Expanded winter-bed panicle of tale

Fig. 2 Contracted winter-bud panicles of li

Both are slightly and proportionaly ree in size. The specimens from which the
>
4,

=

figures were made were gathered Jan. 2

3

Elsewhere throughout the world it is represented only by trees
that have been introduced and by some that have escaped
from cultivation.

ARTHUR HOLLICK

CHRYSANTHEMUMS FOR EVERYBODY

At this season of es bs leaves are falling everywhere,
when the tender s have succumbed to the ear. aes frost,
when all Cecen yey i approach of winter and the
general aspect of things is aaa of the dying year, comes

OXeS all ba
heart of the city, truly a charming Tittle don oasis in a desert
of dirt and disorder.

You can have a perfect riot of Chrysanthemums if you wish
it, for a period of from six to eight weeks. eas the heart's
desire, the rest is comparatively eas The cost, too, is little.
for young plants can be opoues a ae ‘amie in May,
for ieee t twenty cents ea

CULTURE—Let us pee in imagination with such plants as
you can procure from any reputable dealer. The month of
May is a good time to plant them out. They will grow in any
ordinary Saki soil, but if the soil is poor, enrich it by adding
some bone meal or pulverized sheep manure, which can be
obtained fon seedsmen in handy, small packages. About

1 Abstract of lecture by Mr. Arthur Herrington, November 6, 1921, at
he N. Y. Botanical Garden.

4

two weeks after planting, when the young plants have become
established and start ted to grow, pinch or cut off the growing
k

if taken in time, is Aphis or Green Fly. It invariably appears
i i on. 1

the shoots with tobacco rt sometimes appears
and is indicated by white patches on the leaves caused, usually,
by lack of sufficie ater. ny osite conditions, such

one ounce in two gallons of water and sprayed on the foliage.
It can be obtained from any ae chemist.

VARIETIES TO Grow—There are now in cultivation so many
varieties of good outdoor Cpe that a dealer's list

s bewildering to the beginner, so the following selection is
given as a help.

Early flowering kinds which commence to bloom in September.
Whit mith’s Advance

Yellow....... Cranfordia
Pink......... Charles Jolly
Bronze ...... Bai

5

White....... White Doty
Yellow ......Connie Dick
Bronze ...... Anna Moran

Pompons, small-flowere
Light mn . Little Gem

Deep pink...Rose Treven
ellow....... Zenobia and the Baby
Banaers hatha Mrs Frank Wilco:

Very early
White....... Mens:
Yellow....... Gol Men
Bronze ...... Glorianna me Ida Schiff

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY.

At the conference of the scientific staff and registered students
of the Garden on January 4th, reports were given by Dr. M.
A. Howe and Professor R. A. Harper of the meetings of the

S. at Toronto. Dr. N. L. Britton then displayed

specimens of a “witches broom” from a plant of aig
Dillenii recently sent from Bermuda by Professor H. H. Whetzel.
The “broom” consists of slender elongated ae very
different from the normal ches of the pl. he parti-

of the Floridian Opuntia Pes-Corvi, collected by the Challenger
Expedition, may have been based on similar specimens.

T
Secretary of the Conference

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

At the meetings of the American Association for the Advance-

organizations, held in Toronto, December 27-30, 1921, the
Garden was represented by Prof. R. A. Harper, Chairman of

6

the Scientific Directors, and Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator.
In the jemt session symposium on “The Utility of the Species
Concept,"’ Professor Parasia! discussed the subject “from the

point of view of a morphologist.’’ In the General Section of the
Botanical Society a pee he presented “The
Evolution of the Hymenium and the Classification of the
Uredineae.”” In the absence of Ispaugh, Dr. e
cted as chairman of the Systematic Section of the Botanical
Society of A read a pap nder the title of
ER k Fossil Coralline Algae from Trinidad, I.’
Following the annual ‘Dinner for all Botanists,’’ held the

ing Edward Hotel, How the unavoidable absence of

L
Soc of America, present 7 ommunication from t
etiring aie i Britton’s communication consisted
essentially o t wishes and his personal check for one
thousand dollars mae ibe plied to any p the work of
the Society” d ost necessary or desirable. Dr. an

Toronto meetings was somewhat more than eighteen hundred,
of whom two hundred or more were botanists.

From the Office of Blister Rust Control of the Bureau
Plant ae of the United States Department of gai

control. The exhibit is installed in corner case (18) on the
second floor of the museum building.

A letter recently received from Dr. A. Pulle, professor of
systematic botany in the University of Utrecht, Holla: on -
us that the University has come into possession of a

7

botanical garden, presented by the heirs of the late August
anssen, who founded this garden in 1905 near his country
residence about 15 kilometers from Utrecht. It is to be called

change. Professor Went remains director of the older garden
of the University.

Dr. N. L. Britton accompanied by Mrs. Britton and Miss

be absent about ten weeks. They will make their headquarters
at Coamo Springs and continue the botanical exploration of
the island

700 biology students from Morris High School visited the
Garden on January 18, filling every seat in the large auditorium
Se

ven

pupils at 9:30 on the subject a i oreatry using handsome
lantern slides; and the various classes were eer through the
conservatories by their own teachers and members of the Gar-
den Staff

About 20 young ladies from the Froebel League Training
School, of Riverdale, made a special visit to the Garden on the
afternoon of January 25, to study the classification of plants,
and the methods of mounting, preserving, drawing, and investi-
gating plant collections. They were guided through the various
departments of the museum building by Miss Potter and a
member of the Garden Staff.

Meteorology for January: The total ia ceueay for the
month was 1.75 inches, of which 0.70 inches (seven inches by

temperatures were: 7° on the 3rd, 16° on the 13th, 13° on the
3rd and 5° on the 26th

8

ACCESSIONS
Lisrary, rrom Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1921.

Apams, Joun CoLeman. Nature studies in Berkshire. New York, 1901.

ADLUM, JOHN. A memoir on ai lone of the vine in America. Wash-
eae oe

, JoEL AsapH. Axtobiogr ea notes and a ate ea a sl the

eae dies of Joel Asaph A New York, 1916. (Given by

merican Museum of Natural ce ae
merican journal of pharmacy. New series. Vols. 1-7. Philadelphia,
5-

ANDREWS, — C. The heathery; or a monograph of the genus Erica,
4 vols. London, 1804-07.
cherubs Rx, . ae Epwina Maris. Dictionary of botanical
equivalents. English. Baltimore, 1921. (Given by
.#H. See
B. TON, CHARLES CARDALE. Memorials, journal, and botanical
correspondence. Cambridge, 1897.
Ey, WILLIAM WHITMAN. Among Rhode Island wild flowers. Provi-

ALDWIN, Henry. Orchids of New England... New York, 1894.
BARTRAM, WILLIAM. Travels 1 — ou & South Carolina, Georgia,
a S ees is Philadelphia, 1

N, cis. The natural history o Prince Edward Island. Charlotte-
town, cern
BATESON, WILLIAM. Problems of genetics, New Haven, 1913.
KNELL, CLARENCE. gt f the Rivi d h
ing mountains. London, 1885.
INGLEY, WILLIAM. North Wales; including z anliquities, customs,
and some skeiches of its natural history...2 ee east “ Bee
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837-3
EY, TSFORD. A pene ie ae sg he ee Geological
and Agricultural ae. Austin, 6.
mnual report, Houston, 1874. ... Second annual
report, Houston
Bulletin from s laboratories of natural history of the State University of
Towa. Vols. 1~5. Towa City, 1888-
CLARKE, MAuD UMFREVILLE. Nature's S own gardens. London, 1907.
CLEMENTS, ecient Epwarp. Plant indicators. Washington, 1920.
(Given by the Carnegie Institution of Wa: Frenne
Compilation of narratives of explorations in Ala a Washington, 1900.
The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by
the American Ornithologists’ Union. New York, 1886.
ULTAS, HARLAND. What may be learned from u tree. Ed. 2. Phila-

ANZ, Dav. The history of Greenland, translated from the High-Dutch.

oe es don, 1767.
FRIEDRICK, GUTTENBERG, HERMANN Von, & Baur, ERwin.
Pho teloes und Obbtopie. J. Botanischer Teil. Leipzig, 191

ALIcE M. Our common wild flowers of Springtime and autumn.

ton, Amos. A botanical dictionary .... @ translation from the

French of Louis-Claude Richard. New Haven, 18
FitzGeraLp, Epwarp Artuur. The hi, he st Andis New York, 1899.
ue unde see vermehri

: . 2. Leipzig,
Fosiiz, Mixa, HEGGELUND. aie oe on algae. 1895-1901
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GEORGE Monro. Ocean to ocean. Sanford Fleming's expedivion

LE, Francis Henry. The early mountaineers. London, 1899.
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HARSHBERGER, JOHN WILLIAM. A text-book of log d plant pathol
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Hiceinson, Tuo a The procession of the flowers, and

kindred papers. ne
Hooke, RogBert. Microgrophia. London, 1665.
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39
JossELYN, JoHn. An account two voyages 1o New-England made during
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OSSELYN, JOH ‘ew-Engla nd's 'S rarities. Boston, 1865.
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APHAM, INCREASE ALLEN. Wisconsin; us ee ra topography .
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’ Auctores botanici. ps i ah

LINNAEUS, Cant. pepe its florae. psaliae, 175

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Io

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ro i .
LInNAEuS, CarL. De Spigelia seine rare hs

CUS.
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LrnnaEus, CARL. Hortus culinaris. Holmiae, 1764.

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LinnagEvus, CARL. ntae surinamenses. Upsaliae, 1775.
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4 Ch. 7

Loupon, JANE WELLS. Brtiish wild flowers. London, 1847.

Lows, Ernraim Nose. Plants of Mississippi. Jackson, 1921. (Given
by the author.)

McMortrig, H. Sketches of Louisvill d it.

3; including
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= ce i en being a | handbook of the firs and
pines. London, 6.
of science. 14 vols. be I
[Nicotson]. Essai sur histoire mee ile de St. Domingue. Paris, 1776.
B ionario botanico 2 ie de las tres Amer-
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Proceedings of the Academy of Natural "Sciences of Philadelphia. Vols. for
1872-82. Philadelphia, 1873-83
Proceeding 0; a the Iowa Park and Forestry Association. Vols. 1-6. lTowa
Rando tes on natural history. Vols. 1-3. Providence, 1883-86.
pee Hine © colleccion de memorias de historia, literatura, ciencias

II

ht Mexico, 1832-33.
Reports of t he first, second, a third meetings of the Association of American
Geologists and Naturalists. Boston, 1843.
RUSCHENBERGER, WILLIAM pers WaitHMan. Elements of botany.
Philadelphia, 1846.
NJAMIN. An account of the sugar-maple tree of the United States.
NDREA. Chromotaxia seu Nomenclator colorum poly-
glottus additis perverse coloratis ad usum botanicorum et zoologorum.
Patavii,
AGARD, GABRIEL. Histoire du Cana 865.
CHOOLCRAFT, HENRY ROWE. orate a an bapa es pane the upper
Mississippi to Itasca Lake. ae 7 rk,
Simpson, THOMAS. ti h

effected by the officers of the Hudson’ Ss Bay aca during the years ce
9. London, 1843.
TRONG, A. B. The American flora. Ed. 2. Vols. 1, 2. (In original
te.)

, 1850-51
ATHAM, WILLIAM. A few hints and remarks for the
physicians and st M. C. Majesty’s Botanic ga

. Me re
intended to introduce u botanical ale aed e with the prin
the United States. Madrid, 1796. (MS. copy presented by Mr. Benjamin

H

unt.
'HOMPSON, ZaDocK. History of Vermont, natural, civil, and statistical.
Burlingto
ransactions ns of the Albany Institute. Vols. 6-9. Albany, 1870-79.
Transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. Vol. 1. Phila-
delphi:

ARDEN, Dav viD BAILLIE. A chorographical and statistical description of
the District of Columbia. Paris, 1816.
W.

N, CATHERINE H. Flora's lexicon. Philadelphia, 1839.
W R, JouHn Ernst. Root development in the grassland formation
Washington, 1920. (Given he Carnegie Institution of Washington.)
, JOHN st. The ecological rela. of 's. Washington
1919 a the Carnegie Instit of Washington
HITE, RT. he natural histroy of Selbourne. New York, 1903.
WILLIAMS, See The natural and civil history of Vermont. Walpole,

1794.
ae ATTER, RICHARD, & STOLL, ARTHUR.
lation der Kohlenséure. Berlin, 1918.

“Zeitschrift il Pflanzenstichtung. Vols. 1-7. Berlin, 1913-20.

Untersuchungen wiber die

MusEUM AND HERBARIUM
184 specimens of flowering plants from Sable Islands.
Harvard University.)
cime

3 spe ns of sedges from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W.
C. Ferguson.)

(By exchange with

I2

2 photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the U. S. National ree
1 specimen of Cynosurus echinatus from Oregon. (Given by Mr.
Bradshaw.)
f fl 1 1 fi Africa and America. (By exchange
with the U. S. Nati ional Muse m.)
29 specimens of flowering eae from Staten Island, New York. (Given
by Dr. A. Hollick.)
pecimen of Pol: i fi Massachusetts. (By exchange

rity.)
63 specimens of mosses from Haiti. (By exchange with the U.S. National

-)
1057 specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from British Guiana.
(Given by the Department of Science and Agriculture of British ee
19 specimens of moses from California. (By exchange with Mrs. C.
Hall.)

13 specimens of mosses from Colombia. (Collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby
and Dr. F. W. Pennell.

254 specimens of mosses from Canada. (By exchange with the Missouci
Botanical Garden. n.)

fi P Ivani d New Jersey. (By exchange

with Mr. Edwin B. Bartram.)

59 specimens of mosses from Montana. (By exchange with the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

I specimen of moss from North Carolina. (By exchange with Mr. W. W.
Diehl.)

21 ae of mosses from French Guiana. )Collected by Mr. W. E.
Broadw:

I od of seh guarantica from Porto Rico. (By exchange
with Mr. c E. char lon.)

ts fi daho and Utah. (Given by Mr. Geo. Zundel.)
9 epecimens of Endothia from various localities. (By exchange with Dr
Cc. L.
8 ae ot species of Russula from Michigan. (Given by Professor C.
H. Kauffm:
3 specimens of polypores from Samoa. (By exchange with Professor W.
A. Setshell.)
150 specimens of rusts from tropical America. (By exchange with Pro-
pie: E. W. D. Holway.)
lection of Hebeloma flexuosipes from Connecticut. (By exchange
sink Professor H. L. Wells
I specimen of ei gigantea from Riverdale, New York. (By exchange
with Mrs. J. R. field.)
I specimen - pee glabriceps from Mt. Vernon, New York. (By
exchange with Mr. A. W. Dreyfoos.
1 specimen and 2 photographs of ie lepideus from Washington,
D.C. (By exchange with Dr. J. N. se.)

13

I ee of Mutinus elegans from Portland, Connecticut. (Collected
ne r. F. J. Seaver.
1 specimen of Mycena gloiocyanea from New York. (Collected by Dr. W.
A. Murrill.)
1 specimen of Poria semitincta from Pennsylvania. By exchange with
. L, O. Overholts.)
a specimens of fungi and lichens from Florida. ae by Dr. J. K.
Small and Messrs. George K. Small and J. B. DeWi
9 specimens of banana products. (Given by the ois Speciality Com-
pan:
II ipecimene of fungi from Jamaica. (By exchange with the U. S.
Museum. Pe
415 specimens bs flowering plants from Nova Scotia. (By exchange with
ersity.)

509 specimens of flowering plants from various localities. (By exchange
with the U. S. National Muse
1400 specimens of ferns and flowering le ee Florida. ras ted
ir. m: mal

iF
ch: Museum.
82 specimens of ferns and flowering ee from Maine. (Collected by
Mr. Norman C. Fascett
31 specimens of fungi “Fungi Dakotenses.”’ (Distributed by Dr. J. F.
Brenckle.
300 specimens of fungi ‘Fungi Polonici exsiccati’ fasc. 21-26. (Distri-
b ee F. Petrak.
ens of tung “Fungi albanici et bosniaci exsiccati’” fasc. 7 &8.
intbuted by Dr. F. Petrak.
aaa aa “Mycothica carpatica” fasc. 7 & 8. (Distributed
by a . Petra
1 specimen of Sais Asteris from Presque Isle, Maine. (Collected by
Dr. A. B. Stout
7 specimens of Cronartium ribicola from New York and New Hampshire.
(Given by Roy G. Pierce.)
I specimen of Porta semitincta from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
Dr. L. O. Overholts
3 specimens of fungi from Pittsfield, Mass. (By exchange with Mr. A. A.
Pearson.
I specimen of L ia f; Ardsley, New York. (By exchange with

I Lareraee of Cyathia stercorea from Texas. (By exchange with Dr. J. J.
Tunbenhau:

I cecned n of Calostoma from Kentucky. (By exchange with Prof. Bruce
ink.)

14

Ip ee it enraks laciniata from Washington. (By exchange with
Prof. Geo. L.

12 Pacmate ee ne ngi. (By exchange with Mr. A. W. Dreyfoos.)

35 specimens of fungi with colored drawings from New Jersey. (Given

r Taylor.)

164 specimens of eee from the East Indies. (By exch nge with the U.S
National Museum.

2 specimens of Ramalina usneoides from Florida. (Given by Mrs. W. H.
Peckham.

1 specimen of Riccia fluitans from Long Island, New York. (Given by
Mr. Roy Latham.

53 naa of Hepaticae from Canada. (By exchange with Mr. A. H
Brinkm: :
I specimen of Vernonia from Texas. (By exchange with Mrs. R. S. Ferris.)

specimens of sais plant: Zea ae and Costa Rica (By
ni

ree
mens of orchids See Luzon, “Philippine Islands. (By exchange
with Professor Oake:
I specimen of Spirogyra “from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr.
ee

x)
3

2 specimens of Artemisia biennis from Staten Island, New York. (Given
by Dr. ee Hollick.
3 specimens of seed minutifiora from Santa Marta, Colombia (Given
Hon. H. H. Cou

I ere of pee “Abbotii from Santo Domingo. (By exchange with
the U. S. Nat ional Museum.)
1 specimen of R New Jersey. (Given by Mr Raymond

3 specimens of Hepaticae from North America. (By exchange with Miss
Annie Lorenz
2 specimens, Implicaria reticulata and Tydemania expeditionis from Loo-
choo Islands. (By exchange with the Botanical adage of Berlin.
I specimen of Tecan, peruviana from Mexi (By exchange with
the U. S. National Museum
223 specimens . Marine Algae from the American Virgin Islands. (By
exchange with Dr. F. Borgese:
specimens of Coraline algae from Washington. (By exchange with the
U. a National Mus
specimens of = cisseans flowering plants. (By exchange with Mr.
Elam Bartholomew >

a

pl fi Utah. (By exchange with Mr, A.O
seas t:)
2 specimens of flowering plants from northern New York. (By exchange
Ps the State Mu: useum, Alban y:)
16 specimens of p Oregon. (By exchange with Profess-
or Morton E. Peck.)

15

4 specimns of Riccia from Californis and Haiti. (By exchange with Yale
University.)
7 earn il ferns from Santo Domingo. (By exchange with the U. S
icigaa Mus
specimens ot | flowering plants from southern California. (By exchange
wit Mr. Philip A. si nz.)
3 specimens of flowering plants from Montana and South Dakota. (By
exchange with Mr. Elam Bartholome °.
6 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr.
I. W. Clokey.
150 specimens of flowering plants from Alberta. (By exchange with Mr. A.
H. Brinkman.
Io specimens of fungi from Oregon. (By exchange with Professor S. M.
Zeller.
27 specimens of fungi from French Guiana. (By exchange with W. E.
Broadway.
20 specimens of fungi “‘Fungi Wisconsinensis Exsiccati.'’ (Distributed by
Dr. J. J. Davis.
1 specimen of Mycena variicolor from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
r.

600 specimens of Crypotogams “Reliquiae Farlowianae."’ (Distributed
by the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard University.
I specimen of Parosela moilis from California. (Given by Mr. Edmund C.
eger.)

Pp f fl ing pl fi Juan Fernandez and Easter Island.
{Collected by Dr. Carl Skottsberg.)
342 specimens of flowering plants from the eastern United States. (By
exchange with the University of Pennsylvania.)
535 specimens of flowering plants from Panama. (By exchange with the
U.S. National Mus
2 specimens of Oenothera argillicola from Pennsylvania. (Given by Dr.
J. K. Small.
3 specimens of orchids pie Maine. (Given by Judge William McAdoo.)
12 specimens of cacti from Santo Domingo. (By exchange with the
WS. Ne tio: nal Muse m.}
hed Cabk it R fi British Guiana
{Given te Mr. L. S. Hohenkerk.
imens of mosses from Nova Scotia. (By exchange with Mis.

26 5)
Margaret Br
1 specimen of n moss from Maine. (By exchange with Miss Annie Lorenz.)
49 specimens of mosses and hepatics from Cuba. (By exchange with
Bro. Leon.)
be specimens of mosses from Tasmania. (Collected by Mr. W. A. Wey-
abe :

ecimens of mosses from Texas. (By exchange with Professor Fred-
pet “Medllist ter.)

16

2 specimens of mosses from Idaho. (By exchange with Mr. Edwin B,
Payson.) : ;

36 specimens of mosses from the British West Indies. (By exchange with
Mr. P. O. Schatlert.) : '

16 specimens of mosses from Florida. (By exchange with Mr. Severin
Rapp.

131 sue ee of mosses from Canada. (By exchange with the Geological
Survey of Cana da.)

f }

Philippines. (Distributed by the Bureau

of Science, Manila.) ;

109 specimens of mosses from Japan. (By exchange with Professor V.
F. Brotherus.)
i f. North Carolina. (By exchange with Dr. A. LeRoy

Andrews.)
13 specimens of mosses from Cub: (By exchange with Bro. Hioram.)
2 specimens of mosses from Vencuicle (By exchange with Professor

)

ae specimens of mosses from the Bahamas. (By exchange with Mr. L.
J. K. Brace.

2300 specimens of ferns and flowering plants from Florida. (Collecred
by Dr. J. K. Small and Mr. . B. DeWinkeler.

603 specimens of ferns and fern- allies from Jamaica. (By exchange with
the U. S. National Museum.)

4 photographs of type specimens of species of Artemisia and Pyrrocorna.
(By gece ith the U. S. National Museum.

3100 specimens - ferns and flowering plants from British Guiana. (Col-
lected by Dr. HL A. Gleason.)

16 photographs of species of Mesembryanthemum. (Purchased from Mr.
N. E. Brown.)

PLANTS AND SEEDS

I Plant for Iris Seen (Given by Miss Grace Sherman.)

50 Paeonias for : oS by Mrs. ae Harding.)

8 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by inbow Gardens.)

4 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by i nry Ee Seed Co. -)

5 bulbs of Furcraea agavophylla from Trinidad. (Collected by Dr. N. L.
Britton.)

9 plants of Cacti. (Collected by Mr. E. C. Rost.

5 plants for Nurseries. (Collected by ae George Small.)

19 plants for Nurseries. (Coll by Dr. J Small.)
100 bulbs of Lilium Humboldtii, (Purch
200 Chrysa ms. (Pu se
plants for Herbaceous Grounds. (By e xchange with Dr. E. T. Wherry. ;
6 plants of Gleditsie hybrids. (By exchange with Mr. Chas. C. Deam
3 plants of Crinum for Conservatories. exchange with Mr, S. He

an fe ‘On: (By
12 plants of Hymenocallis. (By exchange with Mr. Chas. C. Dean.)
2 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Mr, S. S, Hordes.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe,

Fritz Achelis,

Edward D. Adams,

Charles B. aR

Vincent Asto

John W. iAiictinclbad,

George F. Baker,

eee aker,

lenry de Forest Baldwin,
Baylies,

Prof. Charles P. Berkey,

Eugene P. Bicknell,

. Britton,

Prof. Bw. S. Burgess,

ey aie M. cae
f. W. H. Carpenter,

on C.F. ae

Hon. W. A. Clark,

(os oN Coffin,

n Le Brun a

ea
Rev. Dr. H. M. enete
Cleveland H. Dodge

muel W. Fairchild,
ei B. O. Field,
Ja

Daniel @tevenhein:

ckse
lac P: cen
Bernhard Hoffmann
Archer M. itnnews

Prof. James F. Kemp,
ede sy hein

Edw. V. Z. Lan

Dr. pi R. Tati
Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Adolph Lewisohn,
Kenneth K. oe
V. Everit Mac

Edgar L. Marston,

W. J. Matheson,
George Aiea
Emerson McMillin,

Frederic R. Newbold,
C. D. Norton,

Eben E. Olcott

F. R. Pierson,

James R. Pitcher,
Ira A. Place,

Hon. saga = ere
Charles

s,

Taint D. Rockefelter;
William Rockefeller,
elt,

Prof. H. H. Rusby,
Dr. Reginald H. feces

ames Speyer,
Frederick Strauss,

F. K. pa oe

B. B. Tha

Charles G. Thane
W. Boyce Thompson,

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Grenville L. Winthrop.

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. George A. woe
Mrs. Robert Baco:

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Pay Sea
Mrs. Aniiveg gie
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey,
Mrs. A. Barton H

Mrs. Walter uke

Mrs. Gustav E.
Mrs. A. A. Low,

Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs

y;
. Hamilton F. Kean,
Kissel,

Mrs. V. Everit aon

Mrs. George D. Pratt,

Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. William A. Read
Mrs. ae a ies
Mrs. Benson

Mrs. etic G. pata
Mrs.
Mrs.

Mrs. Cabot Ward.

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman,
Mrs, John I. Kane,

ne Jas. A
ey Ps flay

Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
Mrs. F. F. Thompson

PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Bot Botanical Garden

Journal of the New York Botanical PRIDE monthly, illustrated, con
ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to all
members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a Copy,

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‘ ologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and oth erwise; devoted to

e:
eneral interest, and an index to current American myc cological literature.

.00 a year; single aa not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Nowin
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disonia, aaareetes devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied by

popular descriptions Le flowering send eight plates in each number, thirty-
two in each volum GUbee She Bae 10.00a year. [Not offered in
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ef the Director ecchia f and other official documents, and technical articles
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vo

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New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii+ ey Pp., with 29 plates.

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Vol. XXIII February, 1922 No. 266

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS

PAGE
The Witch Hazels 17
Wild Pumpkins 19
The Collins Collection of Alga 23

Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York Botan-
den for the year 25
Greenhouse Lectures, si Ne April, 1922 30
Conference Notes ............ ssseseeeee 31
Notes, News and Comment 31
Accessions. 32

PrIcE $1.00 A YzAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1922
PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON
ENRY W. DEFOREST
VicE-PRESIDENTS ) FREDERIC S. LEE
“ TREASURER—JOHN L. MERR
AsSISTANT TREASURER_-HENRY DE LA MONTAGN
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

Epw ese D. ADAMS JOH NL. MERRUL
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGA

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. ST ORCIS
Term expires epee

N. L. BRITTON WIS RUTHBRFURD Monet

HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBO

W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925

HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOHN

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN

THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKES
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

ie ROE. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
EUGENE P. BICK PROF. FREDERIC SE ree
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER eae ANNING S. P
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. {RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
bid o Bev SNe GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration
DR. JOHN 1 K. Sai ef Head Curator of the Museums lowes Plants)
R. W. A. MURRILL , Supervisor of Public Instruc
Oa P.A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plant:
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plant its)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, A eininsde atioe Assistant
PERCY WILSON, ftciae Curator
JAMES A. CRAWFORD. Associ ag tice
TOUT, une of the
DR. TOU HENDLEY B ey “Bibiographer
KENNETH R. BOY TON. 2 d Garden
RAH H. HAR Ow, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections
eecear tar G BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses

JOURNAL

OF

The New Vork Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII February, 1922 No. 266

THE WITCH HAZELS

Our native witch hazel, oe known as Hamamelis
virginiana, has long been and admired for its interest-

of the precedig year, pee and are equally interesting owing
to th f the seeds. Unopened fruits, brought
into a warm any room, soon discharge the smooth black seeds
and propel them as far as 40 feet. The best way to observe
this | is to place the fruits on a saucer of dry sand, aimin

them at an elevation of about 45 ecias and setting the saucer

ed a
on the outer surface, and its flowers are fener sees
The Ozark witch hazel, Hamamelis vernalis, has petals of a dark

17

18

orange-red (Pompeian red of Ridgway), or yellow towards their
tips, and its flowers are much smaller than any of the others.

hi
number, but the Beate number of these old types persist in
the rich flora of eastern Asia
Separated into two races, ine descendants of our ancestral
witch hazel have had thousands of years for further evolution,
and they have used it. The actual eater and method of their
evolution is of course unknown may h
orthogenesis, or hybridiz Seon. but in any case it was certainly
d by natur n

Ozark species, preserving its spring-flowering habit, must be the

older species, and it is st that it should be now restricted to
the Ozark mountains, while our eastern witch hazel is generally
i m lanti

mH It is not probable that plants bloomed at such unseason-

bloom before ais has really opened, and some ne of them com-
es their year’s growth and disappear by the middle of summer.
y do plants ns in this way? When a why did they
a the habit?
t is fair to presume that it is in some way a result of the
glacial period and of natural selection through that time. One

Another theory holds that these woodland plants coul bi
sufficient light for their proper ae and aevcispracnt only
in the early spring, before the forest trees above them u

folded their leaves either theory has been proved o: t-

and our native one even goes so far as to bloom the preceding
autumn. No aid witch hazel can get ahead of a loyal
American plant!

H. A. Gleason.

WILD PUMPKINS
HAVE WE FOUND THE ORIGINAL HOME OF THIS GARDEN ESCULENT?
Notwithstanding the vast amount of literature that has been
published on the early history of ea font s care ated plants,

the origin of most of our staple veg uits is shrouded
in mystery.

20
The homely pumpkin is no exception to this rule. Its origin
must still remain a problem, perhaps, even though it should be
shown that, like modern man, pumpkins also had ancestors

Referring to the f :
“If we consider the stability of types, and the record of variations
a

ju
plant oo our areas Re a superficial studies of the
specimens brought out little definite information and they were
put away for future consideration. On a subsequent excursion
to Lake Okeechobee in May, 1917}, we again found this “
in the dense hammocks of the southern ee : Lake Oran:

In the meantime, there had come ass a certain old
Spanich record of exploration in F loida—a “memoir” of Her-
nando me alan e Font neda writ 1 in Spain about the

ea
try Aes Abalachi, which isin the direction of Pa’nuco,
. Sturtevant, The History of Garden Vegetables in American Nat-

1E,

uralist, 24: 739. 1890.
pone! of the New York Botanical Garden fos 73. 914.
1The American Museum Journal, 28: 684-700.

21

where resounds the fame of its abundance of pearls; and it is
certain that they do exist. Between Havalachi and Olagale is

“The word to-co-ba a chile are Chanata, and signify, in their
succession, ‘‘gourd Place oe forth” or ‘‘Country-where
duced.’

When we came to study our specimens seriously it was found
that the foliage and flowers of our “‘gourd”’ could not be distin-

ard base-ball to that of a sefoniiee ball. They are a yellow

orld.
eems to be fae ss reason, therefore, Ge Sains that
di kin’s Garden of Eden. This
“Flu acis,” is represented on the map of Le Moyne

*As men P:
that vel a answers for this ates ee possibly may have ah so called
at that Have we in the e the original of ‘‘ Peas creek’’?

we really h

22

is so especially i in view of the fact that the geographic range, z as far
as

plored hammocks of Lak po: owever, the range may
have n more extended several centuries ago when Florida pos-
sessed a warmer and nly t ered climate 1

the middle of the eighteenth century, Bartram! records the occur-
rence of the royal- palit (Roystonia ret) nearly as far north as
the Lake George region and his a nt of a combat between

alligators as he termed them, may esl refer to crocodiles, as

they vary from spheroidal, often much depressed, ene pyti-
form to those with a short stout neck.

It is possible that the pumpkins found by the early travellers
and pioneer settlers in more temperate North America asa staple
cultivated crop among the American Indians, were descended
from our wild Okeechobee pumpkin, through ihe Seminole pump-
kin as its more or less similar ancestor.

The Seminoles, as far as we can learn, inherited this esculent

rosts accompanying ‘‘freezes.’’ The mpkin plants grow
either in the almost pure humus of the primeval hammocks as
described and illustrated in a for: er? or on the sandy

ormer pa fo)
shores of Lake Okeechobee. Several attempts to grow vines
1 Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West
Florida. 1792.
? The American Museum Journal 18:648-700. 1918.

23

ie maturity at the New York Botanical Garden were unsuccess-

mpkin
The present-day Seminole Indians are aceuaiited with the

wild pumpkin, but oe a information that can be gathered
from them in regard to its past este is that it got there ae
like the shrubs and rene on has always been ther lw:
of course, in this case means as fe back as the falividual Indian
remembers

Joun K. SMALL.

THE COLLINS COLLECTION OF ALGAE

The Collins collection of seaweeds and their freshwater rel-
atives was acquired for the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden early in the ne year through the personal generosity
of Director-in- Chief Bri The collection includes about 41,-

already represented in the Garden herbarium, were not includ-
d in the Se
ank S. Collins: of Malden and later of North Eastham
ough

botany oad he was associated with the late Lorin L. Dame in

24

the preparation and publication of the ‘Flora of Middlesex
County, Massachusetts.” His interest soon centered chiefly in

ive of the erican writers on this group of plan Hi
ost important works are “The Green Algae of North America,”
published in 1909, with supplements in 1 nd 1918, :

912
with Dr. A. B. Hervey, “The Algae of Bermuda,”’ published in

Europa’s,”’ the only other series of algae exiccatae that ever
approached the Phycotheca in magnitude.
Mr. Collins was one of the original members of the New Eng-

oaora. ti
erature, Tufts College, in 1910, conferred. upon him the honor-
ary degree of Master of Arts

The Collins collection of alpae i is the latest of a notable series

West Indian and South American ae ae about 4,000
are and given by the late D. O. Mills, the first president
the Board of Managers of the Garden.
Marswaiy A. Howe.

25

PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND
STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
DURING THE YEAR 1921

Barnhart, J. H. Aetopteron as a generic name. Am. Fern
Jour. 10: 111, 112. 1921.

e so-called generic names of oe Phytohy-
lacium. Rhodora 22: 180-182. 14 Ja1

—- ype notes. Jour. N Y. ee Gard. 22:
W. Chapman, 2 and 34; J. Gorrie, 10, 11, J. L. Blodgett, 51;
W. Bartram, 124; Baldwin, 125; A. aes 126; J. Ellis,
126; J. Bartram, 127; - ee 127; A. L. P. P. de Candolle,
130; . Gray, 130; A. le Candolle me M. C. Lea beaten
-131; B. R. Alden, 131; ; aa 131; I. W. Hulse, 132; Henr
eae 216.

id J

n the Schwein-
Teena crespondenc. “Memoirs Torrey ‘Club 16: 290-
300. I 921.

ae of the oe ae 1920). Bull. N. Y.
Bot. aoe 10: oS1
Boynton, K. K. ‘Bareenia ae Aadbens 6: 29. pl. 207.

1558 oe

Bergenia crassifolia. Addisonia 6: 43. pl. 214. 24 0

Iz
eee bracteatum. Addisonia 6: 45. pl. 275.

Ret eport of the Supervisor e i Instruction
(for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 336-338.

Britton, E. G. The preservation of our “netve plants. join
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 40-44. Issue for F 1g2r.

Bahama mosses. Bryologist 24: 17-19. pl. r. 25 Jl

cas

he rediscovery of Physcomiirium pygmaeum James.
"paola 24: 26. 25 Jl 1921.
— eee Thomsonae. Addisonia 6: 39, 40. fl.
212. :
—— Report of the aaa Curator of mosses Ae 1920)
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 357-358. 21.
Britton, N. L. oe io the flora - sorther South
America. Science II. 53: 29, 30. 14 Ja 1921.

26

William ie Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 13, 14.

Issue for Ja 1
Francis Toads Stetson. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
8 be el for F 1g21.

e leafy pay becoming a pest. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. - 73-75. f. 1. Issue for Ap 1921.
Further eee studies in. Trinidad. Jour. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 22: 93-102. Issue for My 1921.

rdson Brown. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:

fo

9
. N. Rose. Nedabboliin, a new So Genus
from Hispaniola. Smithsonian Misc. a Il. 72: No. 9, pp. 6.

192.
George Valentine Nash. ee N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
145- ao pl. 261. Issue for Au. 1921.

Dr. Pennell’s new oe Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
: 171-172. Issue for S 19
The pe + Tenia. | etree and Tobago Bull-
etin 19: 81-
rae latifolius Addisonia 6: 35. pl. 210. 24 0

Report of the Secretary and Pein for the
year 1920. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 307-322. 10S 1921.
Gleason, H. A. The es gardens of New York, Sci.
Am a 3: 24-27. 19
—— The iris eects at cue New York Botanical Garden.
Flower gaat 8: 10, 11. Ja 1921.
ager’s heredity and hee in plants (Review).
Torreya 21: 14-16. Issue for Ja-F 1921.
eam’s trees = Indiana (Rev iew). Torreya 21: 66-
68. ie a Ju-Au I.
eeee of the Bolivian species of Centropogon
and Siohcompts Bull. Torrey Club 48: 189-201. 26 S
1921

Report of the Assistant ee tes 1920). Bull.

N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 322-326. 10 S$ 1

Harlow, S. H. Report of the bev dior ison: Bull. N.
Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 354-356. 10S 1921.

Hollick, A. Loco weeds. Nat. Hist. 21: 85-91. Issue for Ja,
F rg2r. (Illust.)

27

eport of the Honorary vee of fossil plants (for
1920). ee N. Y. Bot. Gard. S 1921.
e Toni, Forti and. are new species of Laurenica
from Chile, eonecen by De Toni, Forti, and Howe. (Lau-
renica oo sp. nov.) Nuova Notarisia 32: 15
a plants from tropical sea gardens. Nat. Hist.
20: 561-568. F. 1921. (Illust.

he ‘‘working”’ of Long oe Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 156-159. Issue for Au

The 1921 dahlia border. ao 'N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:

139, 140. Issue for J] 1921.
i Scientific names saa to our purple-
7-165. 7 D 1920.

flowered Eupatoriums. Rhodora 22: 15
urrill, a a excursion to Mountain Lake, Virginia.

Torreya 20: 1921.
Pana as an jasper in the art - early peoples.
Gard. Mag. 32: 246-248. Ja 1921. (Illus
A new bolete from Porto Nae
nov. Mycologia 13: 60, 61. 3 921

The oo disease survey. Moose 13: 50-53. pl.
F

Ces Earlei sp.

3. 3

Notes and brief articles. Mycologia a a 3F
1921; — 13: 114-118. 26 Mr 1921; — 13:
1921; 13: 263-270. 8 O 1921; — 13: eae an for N

s on a few papers read at Chicago. Mycologia
6

Note
13: 123-125. 2

r 1921
Greenhouse lectures Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 46,

47. Issue for

—— The papaya or seed melon. Sci. Am. 124: 191 and
200. 5 Mr 1921 (Illust.

——__ Light-colored cae as eae Mycologia
13: 83-100. 26 Mr — Iv. ycologia 13: 171-17
25 Je 1921.

— ris 10 of North American Flora. Mycologia 13:
118. 26 Mr

I.
Two species of Fuscoporia. Mycologia 13: 119. 26

Mr 1921.

28

A ies mushroom. Mycologia 13: 119-122. f. 1-3.

26 Mrtr
The ; genus Tinctoporia. Mycologia 13: 122, 123. 26
Mr i921.

g ‘and summer lectures. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

1921.
uide to nature study (Review). Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 89. Issue for Ap 1921.

An underground gasteromycete. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 89. Issue for Ap 1921

Visit from high school pupils. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 112. ane r Je

ti and their uses. Sci. Am. 124: 492 and 499, 500.

18 Je io
Autumn ee Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 140,
141. poe for Jl 1

“Dead men's ee Sci. Am. 124: 94 and 107. 6
Au 1921 (Illust.)
— John Macoun. Mycologia 12: 264. 8 O 1921
Edward T. Harper. Mycologia 13: 264, 265. 8 O

he banana and its uses. Sci. Am. 124: 118, t19. D
192]. rine )
eport of the Supervisor - Public Instruction (for
1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3-336. g2i.
Nash, G. V. a scapuiformis. Bees 6: 1, 2. pl.
193. 29 Je
—- ee yee Adisonia 6: 3, 4. pl. 194. 29 Je

1921

Acacia pulchella. Addisonia 6: ‘5. pl. 195. 29Je1ga2i.
——— Acacia leprosa. Addisonia 6: pl. 196. 29 Je 1921.
Acacia Nabonnands. Radicons 6:9. pl. 197.,29 Je

1921.
_——-. longifolia floribunda, Addisonia 6:11. pl. 198.
29 Je

vee armata. Addisonia 6: 13. pl. 199. 29 Je
1921

Acacia lineata, Addisonia 6: 15. pl. 200. 29 Je 1921.
Malus Niedzwetekyana. Addisonia 6: 23, 24. pl. 204.
15 5 1921

29

—— Pinus densiflora. Addisonia 6: 27, 28. pl. 206. 15
S 1921.

——— Malus woensis. Addisonia 6:31. pl. 208. 15 S 1921.

Report of the Head Gardener and Curator of Plant-

ations (for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 338-344. Io

S 1921

Pennell, F. W. Alonsoa caulialata. Addisonia 6: 21, 22. pl.
203. 15S 1921.
New species of South ee plants (Review). Torr-
eya 21: 34,35. Issue for Mr-Ap 1921.
Unrecorded genera of Rafinesque—1. Autikon Bot-
kanikon (1840). Bull. Torrey Club 48: 89-96. 8 Mr i921.
Rusby, H. H. Guide to the economic museum of the New York
Botanical Garden. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11: 1-318
Ap 1921

ort of the Honorary Curator of the economic col-
lections (for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 356-357.
10S 1921.

Rydberg, P. A. Notes on Rosaceae—XIII. Bull. Torrey Club

48: 159-1 Au 1921
Seaver, F. J. Pictecon and at ea of cup-fungi—IX.
Mycologia 13: 67-71 pl. 4. 1921.
ea wood boring insects. Amer. Forestry 27: 769-

772. i-5 Issue for Dec. 1921.

Small, ‘K. A botanical excursion to the Big Cypress. Nat.
Hist. 20: 488-500. O 1920 (Illust).

otes, ae Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 1, 3,

Old trails ae new discoveries. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 25-40. pl. 253, 254. Issue for F 1921;—(Continued) °
49-64. pl. 255, 256. Issue for Mr 1921

laa pubescens. Addisonia 6: 19, 20. pl. 202.

IfgS1
een bread—The Conti. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 121-137. pl. 258,259. Issue for J] 1921
——— Gaylussacia brachycera Addisonia 6: , 18. pl. 2or.
1558 Bes I.

the ane rea Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
a Teste for S 1

30

Cercis chinensis. Addisonia 6: 33, 34. pl. 209. 24
O 1921.
Monarda didyma. Addisonia 6: 47, 48. pl. 216. 24

O 1921.

Report of the ie Curator of the Museums and Herb-
arium me 1920). Bul . Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 327-333. Io
SI

1921.
Stout, A. B. A graft-chimera in the apple. Jour. Hered. 11:
233-237. f. 28. 20 Ja 1921.
Conference notes for November and December (1920).
Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 15-19. Issue for Ja 1921; — for
January (1921). 47: — for March. 87, 88:—for April.
105, 106

Types of flowers and intersexes in grapes with refer-

ence to fruit development. N. Y. Agri. Exp. Station,

Tech. Bull. 82: 3-16. Ja 1921.

udies of grapes in cooperation sa the State Ex-

periment Station at Geneva. N. Y. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

22: 148-156. pl. 272. Issue for Au I

Report . Director of the Lavaratones Bull. N.
Y. Bot. Gard. 344-348. 10S 1921.

Williams R. S. ee of the Canadian a en
1913-18. Rep. Canad. Arct. Exp. 1913-1 4°:

Fi

1921
Hyophila sricnagae sp.nov. Bryologist 24: 22. pl.
2. 25 Jl 1921

Birds in the Botanical Garden. Jour. N. ¥. Bot. Gard.
22: 103-105. Issue for My 1921

GREENHOUSE LECTURES, MARCH AND APRIL, 1922

The regular public lectures in the Central Display Greenhouse,
Conservatory Range 2, wi'l be given this spring at 3:15 o’clock
on Saturday afternoons. Living plants will be used in illustra-

March 18. ‘‘Some Interesting Plants Now in Flower,” Mr.
K. R. Boynton.

March 25. Pe Relation and Reaction of Plants to Light,”
Dr. H. A. Glea

31

April 1. ‘‘How Seeds Change to Seedlings,” Dr. A. B. Stout,
April 8. “Tropical Ferns,” Dr. M. A. Howe.
2 is situated at the eastern side of the
c

Street. Visitors coming by train to Botanical Garden Station
should inquire at the Museum Buildin:
W. A. Murri_e.

CONFERENCE NOTES

The February conference of the scientific staff and registered
se of the Garden was held on the afternoon of ag
“A new genus of Rapateaceae”’ was discussed by D
Ga and Dr. J. K. Small reported on “Recent Exploration
in Florida.”’ Bow of these papers will appear in print in the
B.S

pearance of an apetalous variety. These new types have de-
veloped in pedigreed cultures as extreme variations.

A. B. Stout,
Secretary of the Conference.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

n inspection for members of the Garden was held on the

fine, in spite of the snow, and everyone axpressed satisfaction
with the excellent ae and condition of the plan

Two troops of Girl Scouts spent the day at the Garden on

New eee the members of which were guests of Troop 11 of
the Bronx

32

Meterorology Ls oe The total day eutwe for the
h

month was 2.41 inches, of which 0.80 inches (8 inches by snow
measurement) fell as snow. The maxi. ee re-
corded for e week were as follows: 53° on the 2nd, 42°

ac : e 0!
the 6th, 47° on the 19th and 62° on the zoth. The minimum
temperatures were: 2134° on the Ist, 12° on the 8th, —2° on
the 17th and 19° on the 25th

ACCESSIONS
I plant of Pea ateaetae fragrans. (Given by Miss Mary Bell.)
12 plants for Conservatories, (Given by Miss Knowles.)
1 plant of ae for Conservatories. (Given ae Mr. J. W. Markwell.)
1 plant of Allamanda Hendersonit, (Given . C. Benedict Estate.)
18 plants of Cacti for Conservatories, (By Sie with U. S. Nat.

rough Dr, J.
55 cuttings of Populus. ‘(By exchange with U.S. Dept. Agric.)
: n

? pkts. ed, xC ith den,
18,700 tulip bulbs. (Given by Holland Bulb Growers Association.)

co Narcissus bulbs. (Given by Messrs. Eddy and i = -)

plant: ( ith Mr. T. atty.)
25 plants of Iris crisiaia ‘for Nurseries. (By exchange . Dr w.c.
Coker.

33 plants of Iris for Nurseries. we exchange with Dr. W. C. Coker.)

26 plants for Conservatories, all Cact, (By-exchange with U. S. National

. Rose.)

59 plants derived from Seed.

5 pkts. of seed. (By exchange with B. G., Batum, Russia.)
4 pkts. of seed. (Given by Mr. W. T. Goethe.

1 pkt. of Seed. (By exchange with Prof. H. H. Whetzel.)
1 pkt. of Seed. (Given by Mr. K. K. MacKenzie.)

I pkt. of Seed. (By exchange with Mr. H. Buckley.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe,
Fritz Achelis,
Edward D. Adam:
Charles B. ee aes.

Stephen Baker

nry de Rast a Ras
Edmund L. Baylies,
Prof. mee P. Berkey,
E . Bicknell,

Prof. Edw. S. Burgess,
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler,
Prof. W. H. Carpenter,
Prof. C. F. Chandler,
Hon. W. A. Clark,

C. A. Coffin,

Marin Le Brun Cooper,
Paul D. Cravath,
James W. Cromwell,
ae Deering,

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow,
Plc H. Dodge,
Samuel W. Fairchild,
er ot O. Field,
Jam ord,

Henry a i Forest,
Robert W. de Forest,
Prof. W. ies,

Daniel eerie,

Murry Guggenheim,

Bernhard Hoffmann

Dr. Walt ames,
Walter B. Jennings
Otto H.

ee Lewi

org cAni
age ay McMillin,
r. Walter Mendelson,
Ss af L. Merrill,
Ogden Mills
Hon. Ogden L. Mills,
arrington Moore

. Le
Frederic R. ioe
C. D. Nort

Ogden Mills Reid,
Prof. H. M. Richards,
ohn D. Rockefeller,
William Rockefeller,

Emlen Roosevelt,

ne

nie Spe:
rederick otee
F. K. Sturgis,
l B. Thayer,
Charles G. eee
W. Boyce Thom:
Dr. W. eta antes
Grenville L. Winthrop.

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Ts. i as Sec iat
Mrs.
Miss =e Billings,
Mrs. N. L.

sp loee

iss, Charles D. Dickey,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Robert C. Hill,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,

Mrs. Delancey Kane,

Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
Mrs

A. Lo
Mrs. V. aes ia
Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Mrs. oe W. Perkins,
Mrs. George D. Pratt,

Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,

. William A. Read
. James Roosevelt,
s. Benson B. Sloan,

Mrs.

Honorary Members of We Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry “Aang
Mrs. John I. Kane,

Mrs. Jas. A mser,
Miss fears sh P Stokes,

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for i
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, h:
Sustaining Members, Annual Members

and Life Members

1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gif
or by bequest shall entitle the coMTnete ae to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons q
e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden ki i
or fe peer shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of
3. Fellows for Life
he contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for. life of the Garden. a
4, Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more peared and become fellows for b
life when their payments aggregate $1000. ‘
5. par Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and becoi
ellows ik ‘life when Hee ae Aneta $1000.00.
6. Annual ama
is nee ey aS mat fee of $10.
© the following privileges:
I. Fae 1 lect f the Board of Manas ;
i lnvatine i all exhibitions given under the ee Fe the gee ate

Q 4

»

Man
~A cae ie all handbooks published by ee Garden.

Anpw

>

tes
°
°
iS
co
=a
5
ct
a

. Privileges of the Board Room.

7. Life Members "i
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee 0
$250.00,

Information
mbers are invited to ask any questions they ae _ ago answerel
on hanes or horticultural reno! Docents will accom;

apie the grounds and buildings any week day, ORG, | Mice Building
t 3 o'clock. 1”

Form of Bequest 4
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of....

Vol. XXIII

March, 1922 No. 267
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
The Bucaneer-Palm ree
ee ference edi for March 45
Notes, News and comment 46
Accessions 48

PRICE $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West KING CASTER, Pa
'ELLIGENCER faites ComPan¥

OFFICERS, 1922
PRESIDENT—W. Haters THOMP:
ENRY W. ecu
ViCE-PRESIDENTS “Hes Soke S. LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D peels JO BN Ta MERRILL
ROBERT FOREST Ee RGAN
DANIEL CUCCENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON Lee RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY we De FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. ro LMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925
HENRY De FOREST BALDWIN soLEE LEWISOHN
PAUL D. CRAVATH ARRINGTON MOOR:
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Mayor oF THE City or New York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PusBLic Pars
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PR nor R. A. HARPER, Chairm
EOCENE P. BICKNE PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER treat ANNING S. PRALL
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF, HENRY H. RUSBY

ARDEN STAF
DR. N. L. Been Director-in-Chief pee ment, Administration)
| H. A. GLEAS ot Assistant Director (Administra ation)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
DR. W. A. ye , Supervisor of Public Lee

DR. P. A

DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Pleats)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, predated ie Assistant

JAMES A. CRAWFORD, Associate Canto
OUT, Director of the Laboratories
DR. ; JOHN HENDLEY BAR et Bibliographer
ETH R. BOYNTON, Head Ga ita
RAH H HARLOW, Libraria
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the eananies Collections

Sas ee ae

JournaL or THE New York BorantcaL GARDEN PLATE 269

On Elliott's Key.—A patriarch—the sole se Pune ale
u

move

dividing two properties. Only two of t A fev
specimens, first ae cos Berne a ne si of a old nal.
are growing at Mi

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XNITI March, 1922 No. 267

THE BUCANEER-PALM
History AND DISTRIBUTION OF PSEUDOPHOENIX

With Plates 269 and 270

Florida is a region where endemic plants are not rare, many
well-known groups being partly or wholly represented by
known t

area; moreover, there are endemic genera. Not many years
ago the cane family in that State was credited with an endemic
monotypic genus
In 1886 os was aroused among botanists when a palm
constituting a new genus, found in the hammocks of Elliott's s

common parlance the hog-cabbage palm, was one o is cate-
gory, and for a long time it was considered to be confined
to two islands of the Florida Reef.

name Pseudophoenix—talse-phoenix — refers to the re-

Phoenix, to which the historic date-palm belongs. The specific
name mentioned above in is honor of Charles Sprague Sargent*
the eee of the plant on Elliott’s Key

Charles Sprague Sargent was born at Boston, Massachusetts, April 24,
1841. Shortly after his graduation at Ha erver ’ _ entered the army and
served as an officer for f the Civil War, leaving th i

33

34

mmon name—hog- cabbage palm—is in reference to
ud, in

ag
favor as a vegetable in some parts of the hea ‘United
States.
The hog-cabbage palm, or “hog-palmetto,”’ as it is also called,
Hy

is not in ly called royal-palm, but really has no close
morphological relationship to the genus Roystonea. It has i
closest relativ e Indies of both hemispheres, in Central

merica, and in northern South ante rica.

the year 1686, rather than 1886, as the year when it was firs
found in Florida.

About midway between the discovery of America and the
present time, or in other words near the beginning of the eight-
eenth century, Charles Plumier* was in Hispaniola—the island

s brevet major of volunteers. For nearly fifty
of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, at Bias Plain, Mass-
ae et His 1 ma ny sumptuous Plea de hee to ages oree and the
HI trees and r his guidance
e Arboretum of which he has so ae ie ieee ic brought him
sue fame.—John Hendley Barnhar

* Charles Plumier was born at einige France, April 20, 1646. At he
age of 16 he entered the order of Minims, and while pi pursuing his studies at
Rome became interested in botany, are was ioructed nethat science by
Paclo Boccone. From Ro: — he Went to Ane and whil plored south
ern much of the ti 1
with oe sometimes with the already ae uneeah: In 1689 he
was chosen by Joseph Donat Surian to accompan’ m as artist, during his
een ees ion of the French possessions in Ae ‘West Indies, and made
two voyages during he years 1689- pon Surian’s death in 1691, he

urin; :
followed him as “botanist to the king,’’ and made a third voyage to the West
Indies in 1696-97. He was starting upon a fourth voyage to America when,
November 20, 1704, he died at Cadiz, Spain. Plumier prepared much manu-

35

at present called Haiti or Santo Domingo. He wrote exten-
sively on the flora of tropical America, where he traveled, and
: d : :

Palmarum, volume Rs e, page seventy-five, in a part published
September 1,

Another odd
of the Antilles, Shick Plumier has very w eh described a the
name ‘date and beari

shape of a cylinder or of 2 a indle, but grows upwards into a

, but rather pithy

of sugary Moreover, ae sc a when it pees a certain
tage of maturity suddenly grows up from p into a smooth
a ch wer cylinder, by whose development the cro
of leaves is suddenly lifted It is clear whether this
pal ak s cylinder by a single change, in wh ase you
en easily imagine it to en Sacre To ner Metroxylon, or by
ouble change, which i kely, so that it develops a

evlinder gradually and thie Sova Laine into the form o
lub.
“ On carr of its novelty we here transcribe all that Plumier
says about

script and many drawings relating to corer plants. A part of his work:
i mi f

remains unpublished until this d is hee and many of his draw-
ings are in Fre ibraries, but there are five voli of the latter in the
Banksian libra atural history museum in London. He left no
herbarium o! , but many of his plants are in the herbaria of Surian
nd Tournefort, both of which are preserved at ran history muse

in rt t gree studies were chie! and cpa

John Hendley Barnhart

36

“Tn the dry and ee forests of the island a Santo Domingo,
c n abundance; they cal! i commonly

this. mo
to say, one which has not yet developed a neck and has not
x produced fruit, is selected and cut down with an axe; at

this connection the follow ing I phs fi the Century Dictionary
and on showing the hi d tk luti
of the word bucane
aneer—"' Ori re one of the French settlers in Hispaniola or Hayti
and Tortugas, whose occupation was to hunt wild cattle and hogs, and cure
flesh.

“Tt is now high time to speak of the French nation who inhabit a great

ae When the Bucaniers go into the woods to hunt for
wild bulls and. cows, they commonly remain there for the space of a whole
twelve-month or two ge s without returning home.'"—Bucaniers of America

“A pirate; a oe ae Sie a one of the chiefly
French and British, who combined to make depredations on the Spaniards
in America in the second half of ate seventeenth century; so called because
the first of the class were Frenchmen criven from their business of bucaning

y the Spanish authorities of Hispaniola.

37

the swollen part of the abouts trunk, that is near the region
of the _ ure neck, a segm of the bark or wood (for it has
) abou i

literature. a pea references to the palm may exist with
which we a acquainted.

The bee eae of this palm dates from its discovery on
the Florida Keys in the spring of 1886. In the fall of that year

Two years later, however, ae circumstances eonueeted with
its discovery were recorded by A. H. Curtiss and C. S. Sargent
in two papers from which we quote:

* Botanical Gazette 11: 314. 1886.

38

A botanical survey of that unique portion of our country
1 ms a

€ 353 from a Ric eerie made by Mr. Jam

. Curtiss, Garden and Forest 1: 279. 1888.
Tt rae is inserted a technical description.

at the time of our visit to Long’s Key in the spring of 1887.
These are the only stations ae seudophoenix is now know
b of the Florida Reef K ahaman in its

ro
fact if this was not found in some of the Sani . STOUP,
plants of which are still very imperfectly know
Six years after the above account was niblehed the pal m
i Ww.

ey. A chronological list of figures and plates is given in a

foot-note.

Within three years after its discovery in Florida, John I.

Northrop and Alice R. Northrop§$ found Pseudophoenix on
. S. Sargent, Garden and Forest 1: a 1888,

$ Garden and Forest 1: fig. 55, fig. 56. a Silva of North oan 10: vg
sag ead Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 5: fig. 2%. 1904, 6

§ John Tsaiah Northrop was born in New York City, October 12, 1861.
After graduation as engineer of mines at Columbia Cole, in 1884, | ia spent
Deadwood, South Dakot: bi

6 for graduate work, and receiving his Ph. D. legree in 1888,

p. t
zoology at Columbia, and it connection with his work in that one
that he met wit! is the Tae Get resulted in his death, June 26, 1891,
his thirtiet
Alice Belle Rich was born in ne York City, March 6, 1864. She ch
at the Normal College of that ee Cae ae in 1882, a
tutor in botany in that arene ie rom 1885 to She married John
Northrop, June 28, 1889, and was closely associated and all of a scientific
work, including the B. married
life. After his ier she continued, as health tubo He study of the
plants collected in the Bahamas, and eleven years later Le
New Pro ie and Andros,” as volume 12, als of a Memoirs of
the Torrey Botanical Club.—John Hendley Barnhar

40

ndros, Bahamas, thus fulfilling the prophecies in the pe cas
quotations. This discovery, however, was not e known
ae ahs years later when O. F. Cook* made Ae specimens
pe material of a supposed new genus and species, Cyclos-
pie ape ropi.
the New York Botanical Garden took up the botanical

evident
be most interestingly referred to by fe from the printed
records of exploration:
Baham be Git Inagua—‘ Captain Mitchell had been referr-

ing to a pee which the natives called ‘mountain-cabbage,’
Hi :

: grows abundai d
ee the scrub, and fru here when nes or oe et high.”
7 next stopping place was Camfield
eae: tall plant, about event poe in height of Pseudophoenix
Sargentii was also observed.”
ahamas—-Whale Cay—‘'The exploration of Whale Cay
occupied us on January 29; it has deeper and more abundant

leaving the palms, at least temporarily, to shade the voun g
-plants. ’’§

*Orator Fuller Cook was born at Clyde, New York, May 28, 1867. He
graduated at Syracuse University in 1890, and was an instructor there the
New Y

following year th seven years, as special agent of the } York
State Colonization Society, ade m: visit: Liberia; since 1898
first as agent a er as botanist for tropical agriculture and bion of

the United States Department of Agriculture, has repeatedly visited
Ever since 1898 ist

ant curator and custodian in the United Sta set ional Museum.
I

d
biologic problems as well as studies on economic plants of ae region:
John Hendley Barnhart.
f Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 12: 1902
} George V. Nash, Journal of the New York Boal Garden 6: 9, I0.

§N. L. Britton, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 6: 80. 1905.

_ . . . -sunjed-[eéox se parersur
a1am Ady} saya ‘Xaxy aquinsazey] reddy) 0} paquejdsues aim ‘stuays wnNoyWM YA se suauoads jo raquinu &
‘paaiasqo sauo jse] ay “sau0 SunoA ay? [1 a3mb Jo Ajre9u pue ‘hax ay} wosy Aeme usye) Uaaq dAeYy Oo} Was
suauiads Ja31R] ay [[y ‘sujed-jeXo1 se PIOs pue peaoures usaq aduts Sug] aay sued assy, ‘ode Aimquas &
Jiey poreadde 41 se ‘pues; ay3 yo y410} usa}sea ay3 UO sw ed-saaueong Sunod jo aaoid y—'Aayy Buoq uo

olz ALVIg NOUV) TVOINVIOG XYOX MON GHL do TyNUOOf

41

hamas—Little San Salvador—“ The island is inter fine
p ui

thousands,
area bright-red dace: lob bed berries being cone peut in the
lan scape. palm occurs on nearly all the Bahama Islands,
but in the chaired ones is much needed for pig food, and is
ae liable to extinction ;
mas—Mariguana The h og-palm (Pseudophoenix al
gentii) appeared to bere represen ay oes e southeast end of M
uana by a single specimen, _jess than six pes igh."’t
uba—Cayo ee a— cael specimen of th
cabbage-Palm, Pse udophoenix orn In this inter
i ne

ion I w e
seemed familiar with this palm and its aaa economic us
)

Hispaniola—Saona—“‘ Th the vegetation here
is much the sam that previously elles at Bayojibe, a
notable exception being still anoth Im is plant proved to
be Pseudophoenix Sargentit and we foun in considerable

to the —— where this palm was discovered over two hundred
years a
ret ae same time as these latter collections were on
in Saona, moreover, imei discoveries were ma
Cuba—Cay: “The groves were ane enti atieely
composed pa Pseudophoens Sargentii, called by the fisherman
‘palma guaney. ese palms occurred in all sizes from fresh
seedlings to die specimens, probably 35 feet tall.
s ous seedlings ne seudo phoenix Sarge mbit occur on
e 0

and of large size.’
* N. L. Britton, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 8: 75. 1907.

{+ M. A. Howe, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 9: 46. 1908.
t J. A. Shafer, Journal of the New York Se ehel Garden 10; 136. 1909,
§ Norman Taylor, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 11:14. 1910

i . A. Shafer, Journal of the New York Becca pata 11: 150 and 155.
Igto

42

Cuba—Cayo Guajaba— Groves of eligi Sargentti
composed of very tall, slender individuals occur n the shore
as : i ills s.’

2
oO
=
a
°
s
fan
=
o
fo}
<a
fan
oO
wn
2
ct
iw
i
fa
5
3
=

of ce common name , viz: mountain-cabb:

Pe)
«GQ
om

of
This ee oo a report that had recently gaine

was another young one near the other side of the island not far
from the Hawk Channel, and Somers told me of a large one
some distance up the Key.’

* J. A. Shafer, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 11: 157. Ig1o.

43

The first inroad on Pseudophoenix on Elliott’s Key, aside

from the destruction formerly wrought in clearing an ng
of areas of h for making pineapple fields, occurred in
1897 when at least ten tall specimens were remov e
Key and taken to Miami. Th trees were p. ina

was brought to the conservatories of the Garden. At present
there are only two of the original ten specimens living where
they were planted in 1897.

ther specimens, almost innumerable, are now flourishing,
a ever, where they have been meu aen and Pseudophoenix
ssured not only of its place in ae ay rican flora, but in the

pre group of ornamental t
Joun K. SMALL

SPRING AND SUMMER LECTURES

A course of forty public lectures will be given in the Lecture

il 15. ‘‘Botanizing in British Guiana
April 16. “An Early Start for the Home Garden.”
Mr. Hugh Findlay
April 22. “Why Wild Flowers Should Be Haag
"A. Murrill
April 23. “English Gardens and the Newer ere
lilda Loines
April 29. “Growing Seeds for Farm and Gatien’
Dr. A. B. Stout
April 30. ‘‘The Cultivation of Wild Flowers”
Dr. E. T. Wherry

44

May 6. “Which Wild Flowers Should Be ae
Dr.

7, A. Murrill
May 7. pe and Camps Among a Westen Moun-
tai a eroy ae

May 13. “Destructive Fun F. J. Sea

May 14. “How Wild eee May Be Protected”

W. A. Murrill
May 20. “‘Late Spring Flowers” Mr. oak Boynton
May 21. “Children’s Gardens” Miss E. E. Shaw
May 27. “Lilies 3" Dr. A. B. Stout
May 28. ‘Tri Dr. H. A. Gleason
June 3. W: alke and Talks in the New York Botanical Garden
Dr. W. A. Murrill

(In case of rain, inside collections will be examined)
June 4. “A Naturalist’s Rambles in Maine” Dr. G. c Fisher
June ro. “European Influences in American Botan

Dr.

. H. Barnhart
June II. — and Talks in the New York oes Gar-
Dr. W. A. Murriil

June 17. “Roses and dee Culture” Dr. _
June 18. “Italian Garden: Miss Emily Exley

June 24. “Flowers of the ccutieee Garden”’
Mr. Kenneth Boynton
June 25. Walks and Talks in the New York Botanical
Garden Dr. \

A. Murrill

July 1. “Destructive Insects’ Dr. F. J. Seaver

July 2. Walks and Talks in the New York Botanical Garden

Aa W. A. Murrill

July 8. “Water Plants” r. J. H. Barnhart
July 9. “Some Common Fungi: Good and Vad

T. Cook

July 15. “Wild Life and Scenery of the Catskill Mounsins

Mr. hubb

July 16. “The Newer Roses, Their Origin and aes pment”
Mr. Arthur Herrington
July 22. “The Plant Life of the Sea’”’ Dr. M. A. Howe
July 23. “The Shakespeare Garden”” Miss Esther Singleton
July 29. «Popular Books on Botany” Dr. u A Barnhart
30. “Orchids” Prot . A. White
August 5. “Gladioli”’ Mr. sie Boynton

45

August 6. ‘‘How to Know the Mushrooms”
Dr. W. A. on

August 12. “Correlations Between Animals and at
Dr. F. J. Seaver

August 13. ‘What a Garden May Do for You”

Miss Grace es
August 19. “The Seaweeds of New York and Vicinity
Dr. ” Howe
August 20. Ancestors of Some of Our Living Plant
ecies Dr. Arthur Hollick
August 26. How New Types of Plant Originate”
Dr. A. B. Stout

August 27. “Botanizing on a Volcano” Dr. H. A Gleason

ork, Westchest Boston Railw:
at 180th Street for crosstown trolley, ae re north a
Third Avenue
W. A. Murritu

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH

A conference of the scientific staff and registered students
of the Garden was held on the afternoon of March Ist
. A. Murrill discussed the genus Stropharia, referring

to be published in Mycologia. He also compared this genus with
Hypholoma, Agaricus, and other paahin groups of dark-spored
gill-fungi, and proposed two new gene
Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton gave a very , interesting discussion
i

nd a
Cultivation.
andra terminalis, the only other Pachysandra being our American

46

P. procumbens, of the Alleghanies; a Chinese tulip-tree, which
is weal tha t so hardy in cultivation as our own
ema the Japanese Pieris, one of our best cultivated broad-
Se and our Pieris floribunda of the southeastern

A. B. Stout

Secretary of the Conference

NOTES NEWS AND COMMENTS

One of the Australian shrubs blooming in the month of March
wa

but it wa: til t S ugus
the Abbé ene in China that the native home of Rosa “Bonksiae
was found, in western China

ecimens of several of the collections of bulbs of the spider

with the study of the spider lilies and swamp lilies now in progress
at the Garden. Several of the more lately received collections
of bulbs show signs of producing flowers

A series of nearly six hundred specimens of the genus elas
is being incorporated in the permanent cpanade These

student of the sedges of the wor

47

An important cata of herbarium speci mens of mage ring
plants from Staten Island, brought together by Dr. Arthur
Hollick, has oe aide to the local flora nen

Dr. Stout has an interesting collection of rare and distinct
The bulb

forms of noe ulbs were collected wild in Spain
and shipped to the Garden late last summer. They were potted

in connection ian ee oridicg and will be mate
from year to yea

Fifteen hundred plants of the two cultivated types of the
in th

ho

interesting and peculiar type of sterility involving incompati-
tility in ig ane nnn type very commonly seen in ena d

plants.

An advanced class in biology from ee! Childs High School
with Mr. Ha astings, spent the afternoon of March 15 at the
Garden examining the museum and hearin collections of
fungi and alg

An informal bird club has been holding meetings in the

River. as the morning of March 19, over a dozen bird students,

could be h and seen in th ‘by tr fo) ay,
the chickadees were feeding on suet in the spicebushes, and
lowny ers were waiting on the branches above for

weeks, aula not be found. The two northern shrikes were alos

48

in hiding, although usually in parsed during most of the
day about the thorn bushes. A pair of sparrow hawks flew
west, uttering their peculiar cry; stile a blue-jay scratched in
the leaves beneath the beech tree where the humming bird's

es. mn
songs were feeble and Heel noticeable when their larger
migratory cousins began to sin:

Dr. W. C. Coker visited the Garden during the latter ne of
March to consult the mycological herbarium and libra

Members of the Garden and their friends inspected con-

2 on Saturday, March 18, three o’cloc!
Collections of orchids, cycads, ferns, cinerarias, and other
lants were shown by the Garden staff ton sald

a brief talk on certain aera iad in bloom in the co
servatories at this season of the yea

The following visiting Edaveae have registered in the library
: Prof. L. O.

D.C.,
Sweden, Pr. of. C. H. Ostenfeld, advance Denmark, and
Dr. Morten P. Porsild, Disko, Greenland.

ACCESSIONS
PLANTS AND SEEDS
4 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Miss Grace H. Simonson.)
153 plants for Iris Garden from France. (Given by E. Turbat & Co.)
I plant of Zygocactus for Conservatories. Sie Miss Clara Manz.)
Given by Mrs. M. J. Fox.)

or Rose Gard
2 plants for Nurseries. (Given by Mr. Wm. Bolton.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe
Fritz Achelis
Edward D. Adams
Charles B. et
Vincent Asto

John W. Heinen
George F. Baker
eaten Baker

- Dak de reine saa J oseph P. sme

Edmund L. Bay
Prof. ‘Ghacies P. may
Eugene P. Bicknell

Prof. C. F. Chandler
Hon. vid ea Clark

Le ais Cooper
Paul D. Cravath

James W. Cromwell
Charles Deering

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow

anil Be aeiheici

Members of the Women’s

Mrs. George A. Armour
Mrs. Robert Bacon
Miss Elizabeth Billings

i
Mrs. Walter Be strsies

rry Guggenheim

Bernhard Hoffma

Archer M. pia

Adrian Iselin

Dr. Walter B. James
Walter B. Jennings
Otto H. Kahn

Prof. James F. Kemp
Darwin P. eta
Edw. V. Z. Li

Dr. Albert R. ieee

Ban Frederic S. Lee
Iph Lewisohn

ae neth K. ee

V. Everit Mac

Emerson McM
Dr. Walter ee

. Morris

Frederic R Newbold
C. D. Nort

Mrs. Delancey Kane

rs. Hamilton F. Kean
Mre. Gustav E.
Mrs

Low

aan V. Everit Macy
ry uan

Mrs. George D. Pratt

Kissel

Eben E. Olco
Prof. tia Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack

John D. Rockefeller

William Rockefeller

W. Emlen Roosevelt

Prof. H. H. Rusby

Dr. Reginald H. Sayre

Mortimer L. Schiff
Ibe

Louis C. Tiffany

Bronson Winthrop
James Speyer
Frederick Strauss
F. K. eet aa
B. B. Tha
ee G. Thomp son
W. Boyce Thompson
Dr. W. *Gilm an Thompsou
Grenville L. Winthrop

Auxiliary
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

ce Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman
Mrs. John I. Kane

Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Bots Botanical Garden

Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, contain
ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. sy to all
members of the Garden. To o ae 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not
offered in exchange.] Now in its twenty-third volume.

Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to

4.00 a year; pete copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange
its fourteenth poe:

Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates acco tem ied by
popular carve on flowering plants; eight plates in each n r, thirty-
et Ms each volume. SOG ERGn Bree, 10.00 a year. Not cHeed in” ;

ange.] How in its seventh volum

aed of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports
of the mreeeeans Chief and other official documents, and technical article
embodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all
members of th e Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its even
volume.

North American Flora. eg ais of the sa plants of North America
including Greenland, Ne jp In ie a he ral Ame erica. Planned ie be
completed in 34 volume:
parts. Subscription mae $1. he oa oe a ee cae of onan
parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered i in eee ge.]

Vol. 3, part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fimetari:

pees 7) part I, 129084 part 2, 1907) P art 3, rata pat 4, 1920; part 5, 1920;

1921. Aeci idtseose (pa rs). (Parts 1 and2 no longer
eal separatel y. Y

Vol. 9 (now complete), parts I-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.)

Vol. 10, part I, 1914; parts 2 and 3, ane Agaricaceae (pars).

Vol. 15, Rate 1 and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae—Leucobryaceae.

Vol. 16, part I, 1909. Ophioglossaceae—Cyatheaceae (par. s).

( Med 17, part at 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, I9I5. ‘Typhaceae Fades
pars,

ides 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio-

vol 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6,
1918. Podostemonaceae— Rosaceae

Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 1920. Fabaceae (pars.)

Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, Tees part 3, re Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.

Vol. 29, part I, 1914. ethraceae—Ericaceae.

Vol. 32, part I, 1918. Rubiaceae (pars).

ee 34, part 1, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthem-

menses of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to nen of be

stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900.
Vol. II. The jnivenes of Light and Darkness ures Growth ise Develop-
ment, by D. ougal. xvi 20 pp., with 176 figures.
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Krescherville,
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii-- 138 pp., with 29 plates.

909.
Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart
Gager. viii + 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plate 1908.

Vol. V. Flora of the Vic cinity of New York: A Contribution to Plant
Geoetaph, by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 Pp., with 9 plates. 1915.
Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary
of aay ee York Botanical Gani viii +592 pp., with 43 plates and many

text figures. I91
Conca ae from the New York Seo Garden. A series of technical
Papers written by students or members the staff, and reprinted from

journals Gther than the above. Price, kh cents each. 5-00 per volume.

tn the tenth volume.
NEW YORK ee aes GARD.
nx Park, New cau City

Vol. XXIII April, 1922 No. 268

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR

R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS

Botanical Investigations in Porto Rico 49
Notes, News and comment 59

Prick $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West Kinc STREET, LANCASTER, Pa
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFIOERS, 1922
PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON

VICE-PRESIDENTS ene S. LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL

ASSISTANT TL eee RY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTO

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL

ROBERT W. De FOREST . P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS

ee W. De FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOL

W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON

Term expires January, 1925

HENRY De FOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOHN

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE Mayor oF THE City or NEw Yorke
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN

THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARES
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

Bk SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm
EUGENE P. BICKNE LL PROF. EREDERIC S, LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER Bae GEORGE J. RYAN
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF, HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. . i. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
R. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director Administration)
DR. JOHN kK. aig tit ue ad Labret of the rages inigs Wiens g Plants)
DR. W. A. MUR Subersiver at Public Insi
DR. P. A. RYDBERG Curator (Flowering Plants)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants)
R. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator ‘or (Flowerless Plants)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, 7 Ee Sal sae Asnie tant
PERCY WILSON, Associate Cur
JAMES A. CRAWFORD, Unda. Case

. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections
pieces G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII April, 1922 No. 268

BOTANICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN PORTO RICO

To THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS OF THE NEW YorK BOTANICAL
ARDEN.
Gentlemen:—Pursuant to permission given me by the Board

I was accompanied by Mrs. Britton and by Miss Margaret S.
Brown of Halifax, Nova Scotia; both ladies gave efficient aid
in the collection and preservation of specimens.

This Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands

the final reports was begun by the Academy in 1919, and three
parts of the geological volumes and two of paleontology have
now been issued under the editorship of Professor R. W. Tower
of the American Museum of Natural History. Additional parts

49

50

of the geological volumes are ready for the press, to be followed
by those dealing with the botany and vegetable resources, the

Virgin Islands the ke ey to natural science knowledge of the
West Indies.
The objects of this trip were to supplement our information

coastal plains and to the higher mountain summits of the cen-
tral distri
rom our base at Coamo Springs, occupied for seven weeks,
ts from Juana Diaz t b

we studied the southern districts fro Diaz to Yabucoa
the valley of the Coamo River and contiguous hills being given
the most intensive exa ti All the lower part of this

of a mas: cret m forming the Coamo Reservoir, and
Jed by distributing canals through the. sugar-cane fields for
several miles he southern coast. The eral affluents

during our visit, h howers over the water-shed were re-

flected in sudden rises which gave anxiety about the passage

f fords b te) ar. Numerous deep arroyos, d. t this
p

which are cut into the Santa Isabel formation, are a physio-

tia ended

51

graphic feature of extraotdinary interest, the wonder being that

to over two hundred feet above the sea, deeply intersected by
1

outhern dis tricts of Porto Rico is the hueso or — de
hie .

i i the most elegant of all trees aie: n
bloom, its sl ae nearly upright branches bein r
with in erbale small violet flowers remarkable sal scarcely

are brought into the house. Its bo tanical name een eases

white flowers being much planted in parks, gardens and along

52

roads. They have light-colored, hard, durable wood and are
here known as roble, which is the Spanish name for oak, and in

the Virgin Islands as white cedar. The Spanish cedar (Cedrela)
very valuable for its wood occurrs sparingly. Cordia nitida, a
tree of a family including the heliotrope, is known to the Porto
Ricans as cereza (cherry) on account of its red cherry-like

came to it morning and evening. After this the tree bloomed
profusely, covered pa its —— w a flowers, and set another
crop of fruit befor
Mocha (Andira ee of he pea-family, with hard
ate

On these river-terraces the trees are —s isolated and spaced
apart, forming attractive natura
The gumbo limbo or West Indian birch (Elaphrium Simaruba),
ri

of no relationship to the true northern birches, bu arac-
teristic brown papery bark resembling somew f our
river-birch, is abundant and much planted for ss shade
in the dry districts. It will not survive in f

rainfall e wood or pendula (Cupeonen fruticosum),
on the contrary, inhabits naturally both wet and dry regions,
reacting to t ate, however, in that its foliage is for th

royal poinciana (Delonix regia) nativ Madagascar, widely
planted along roadsides and locally springing up and forming
groves. i e of year its long, thin, woody pods hang

serene from the branches and in summer its flame-colored
flowers are a blaze of glor
Among other trees eh are less abundant, mention may be

53

made of the West Indian nettle-tree (Celtis) with foliage and

A
+
2
c
ot
oO
2
3
S
™
ct
°
ct.
iw
fo}
a
o
°
oO
3
ie}
5
ct.
2
3
°
=]
Q,
o

and under it eee which we planted in a pot and personally
escorted to the Bro:

Many kinds of ne inhabit the Coamo Valley, conspicuous
among those in bloom at the time of our visit being the yellow-
flowered retama prieta (Cassia polyphylia) and Pictetia aculeata
of the pea-family. The latter is tree-like, but grows with several

ri
golden by its great abundance. Lilac-flowered, leguminous
shrubs of the genus Sabinea or Corynella, called retama, formed
elegant leafless wands up to six feet long. A curious Gesnerta,
some six feet high, occasional i in the arroyos, has large, oblique,

e
Exogonium with elegant crimson flowers resembling those of

54

the cypress-vine grows on the rocky hills, and two vines related
to our trumpet creeper, one with bright yellow, the other with
white flowers, are abundant. Proustia Krugiana, an elongated
climber of the thistle family with yellow flowers, exists only in
mes’ ary Dare o Bak, Rico

! fl d by the local abundance
of sev eral species of cacti small and as especially along and
near the coast and on the tops and southern sides of hills, and

e fer:
rock, their leaves inrolled execute ae and after rains. Mrs.

Q
°
a
a
o
w
“oO
fo)
=]
Qa
@
=]
w
Oo
=]
<<
oO
Pa
=
a
is}
3
fe)
=a
jan
a
A)
7
°
foo}
a}
=
=|

s

Oncidium growing on | the branches of a shaded alba tree.

From Coamo Springs several excursions were made to the

mountains, three days being a to studi ies “ot 106 sohabae
slopes and stream-valleys of the Tor

of 2000 to 3000 feet, reached by ae car on the new and

unfinished road which is to connect Juana Diaz on the southern

i
aondine rapidly on the we care ed continually
ntain,

the much heavier rainfall is indicated by the changed character
of the vegetation, and within much less than a mile the change

55

has become so complete that we see scarcely any of the trees,

te)
alongside the road, which is to have a bridge at this point, thus
leaving the beautiful natural features unchan:
erns of great beauty and variety abound, frot the stately
in

r
streams, together with a conser variety of lerbapeoue
plants. Among them in grassy places a delicate St. John’s

wort (Hypericum diosmoides) ees little yellow flowers, and the
West Indian mountain starwort (Alsine) both reminding us of

these elevations in Porto Rico, as in other Indian islands
there is no necessary discomfort from heat and we can walk an
climb about as easily as in the north. We made botanical

collections also in the mountains about Aibénito. where the

56

transition from dry to wet vegetation may also be observed
In th

2700 feet, some of the elegant forest plants were foun

mosses than any aiher visited yeas the trip.
A study was made of one of the aerate of the Sierra de

endem ccurs at the summit ere the dom
the achiotillo (Alchornea latifolia) and the lechesillo (Sapium
Laurocerasus), both of the spurge family, with a few specimens
of ntain palm.

n March 18th we moved our base of operations from Coamo

a t others
of the limestone hills; an ae fro oe erosion of this oe
the sand seems to have been derived. Excav: ati ns fo

areas extend more or less continuously from near Loi he
east to beyond Manati on the west, a distance = at least 30
miles, and in places they are half a mile or more wide.

his
sand supports a native vegetation of plants eee physiology

57

requires sterile soil for their existence. On the higher and drier
parts we find among other characteristic species, and here

cael bright-white flowers, is quite decorative. Aeschynomene

pond-weeds and other hee locally eee

preserved at the United States National Museum, was traced,

58

after long search, to its home on crags near Vega Baja, and its

out two yo an ic! pe will grow at the Garden
e ation upo ese limestone hills is usually

zieat density, trees, shrubs and woody vines interlocking, making
study sl cult, and in most places there are vertical
cliffs above the talus which effectively block access to their
summits ns and mosses aboun specimens 0 y
pe ere e On one of these hills near Catafio we
collected, after arduous clmbing, foliage, flowers

one remarkable of all trees, the morelon (Coccolobis

gosa). We observed, fro e plain, conspicuous re

ay was aie to an inland excursion to Las Cruces, our
object being the tudy of a oe d mountain Cerro de

pendent Dendropemon. AQ fine tree-fe: nd several smaller
ferns are abundant there, and several kinds of orchids were
dominant tree, other the mountain palm, is

ear and along the northern coast at several points, a broad-
leaved calabash-tree, growing near Luquillo bearing both flowers

39

and fruit, being of especial interest. Our last afternoon in
Porto Rico was spent at the Insular Agricultural Experiment
Station at Rio Piedras, studying the plantations there under
t ir

Pi
1304 field numbers. e were everywhere received with the

sular Experiment Station, who accompanied us on several days
in the field and gave us the advantage of their knowledge of
fungi, to Professor and Mrs. F S. Earle of Aguirre, who were
also in the field with us on several occasions, recalling former
association with them at the Garden, to Mr. Harold I. Sewell of
Naguabo, recalling former aid when we explored that region in
1914, and to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hartzell at Condado.
ctfully Submitted,
N.L.B

ra or N,
Director-in-Chief.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Dr. Francis W. Pennell, Curator of Plants at the Academy
of Natural ee of Philadelphia and until recently Associate
Curator of this institution, and Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, Aid in

her husband during the first half of thie course. The party will
land at Buenaventura, on the west coast of Colombia, and
proceed by rail to Cali in the Cauca valley. There they will

Popayén
where collections will be made on some peak of the central Auides
and on Cerro Munchique on the western Andes. From thence
the expedition will work north through the beautiful Cauca

60

Valley and eventually to Medellin. Excursions will be made
u

the almost unknown northern Cordillera Occi-
dentél in late August and September
ver a hundred Girl Scouts from Bronx House, led by Miss

Merchin and several able assistants, made a tour of the Garden
on Saturday, March 25, under the guidance of members of the
staff. They were joined by a visiting troop from Brooklyn.

Professor C. R. Orton of Pennsylvania State College has been
spending a few days at the Garden looking over literature
relative to his work on North American fungi of the genus
Phyllachora

Miss Silence Rowlee recently spent several days at the Garden
looking over and de ee the fungi collected by Professor
W. W. Rowlee and H. E. Stork of Cornell reves in Costa
Rica. The list will be published in Mycol

Dr. Small expects to leave on April 13th for a botanical trip
in Florida where he will continue his explorations.
A pecs is spas: built for the new fence along Pelham
Avenue. The iron fence along Southern Boulevard is being
nted. The ground aang the Mansion is being leveled to
improve the eee effec
ean for March: The total eu aes for the month
s 4.85 inches, of which 0.35 of an inch (3 and % inches by
snow measurement) fell as snow. The maximum temperatures
recorded for each week were as follows: 52° on the 3rd, 57
the 12th, 59° on the 14th and 77° on the 26th. The minimum tem-
peratures were : 15° on the rst, 25° on the gth, 18° on the 18th
and 25° on the 23rd. Ice disappeared from the middle lake in
ne night following the 15th.

ore of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe rry Guggenheim

Fritz Achelis : “| hos Hardin 3

Edward D. Adam J. Montgomery Hare

Charles B. Alexander Edward S. Harkness

Vincent Astor rof. R. A. Harper

John W. Auchincloss J. Amory Haskell
borg T.A. oe

Stephen Bak A. Heckscher

Henry de Foret peed aga P. peur

Edmund L hard Hoffma:

Prof. Bas, P. es archer M. Hantiigton

Eugene P. Bicknel Adrian Iseli

C. K. G. Billing Dr. Walter B. James

George Blumenthal pine’ B. Jennings

George S. Brewster H. Kahn

Prof. N. L. Britto: Be James F. Kemp

Prof. W. H. nter. Dr. Albert R. Ledoux
Prof. C. F. Chandler Prof. Neabek 4 Fes
Hon. W. A. Clar! Adolph Lewi

A. enneth K. ee
Marin Le Brun Cooper Vv. Everit Macy
Paul D. Cravath dgar L. Sec
James W. ada W. J. Matheson
oe Deeri orge McAneny

Dr. H. M. Denslow

Emerson McMillin
Been H. Dodge Dr. Wa
Sam

Iter Mendelson

uel W. Fairchild John L.
William B. O. Field Ogden Mills
James B. Ford Hon. Sear L. ae
Henry W. De Forest Barrington
Robert W. De Forest J. Pierpont ae
Prof. W. J. Gies Dr. Lewis R. Morris
Daniel Guggenheim etre R. Newbold

Eben E. Olcott
Prof. !ienry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack

Tatics R. Pitcher
Ira A. Place
Hon. Anning S. Prall
Charles F. Ran
lege Mills Reid

. H. M. Richards

efeller

William Rockefeller

Dr. Read H. Sayre

Mortimer L. Schiff
Albert R. Shattuck

Henry A. Siebrecht

liam Sloan

Valentine P. Snyder

Louis C. Tiffany

Felix M. Warburg

gies G. ois a
W. Boyce Thompson

Dr. W. Clead Thompson

Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Delancey Kane
Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. ihn F. Kean
Mrs. Gustav aa Kissel
= Tyee

Mrs. George W. Perkins
Mrs. George D. Pratt
Mrs. Walter eas

Mrs. Harold I. Pra

Mrs. Theron G. Strong

Pr enry O. Taylor

ie Cabot Ward

Honorary Members id the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman bs Jas. ser
Mrs, John I. Kane Cli 3 P. DP Sinkes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

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In the tenth volume.
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
Bronx Park, New York City —

Vol. XXIII May-June, 1922 No. 269-270

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS

PAGE
SCEMHWEMOADNASe PALM 6c fs. .c cect nce ct ee caw w ewe eeseune 61
Miack) Ducks in Nesting Time. .....-...2.. 2... ec ccc c cere eee cees 79
Miierinis Society Exhibition. ........ 2.00.05 0 cece eee e ete eee eeees 72
The Francis Lynde Stetson Fund.............--- esses e eee reece 73
Conference Notes for April..............-.. Te ago Ea AG Ae enor 73
Notes, News and Comments..........--- 2000s e eee eeeteeeeeeees 74
MIE PE eed ito ech. cel coole ais eae islain aise cite see tes cnsaee 78

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

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OFFICERS, 1922
PrEsIDENT—W. cere THOMPSO.
RY W. DoaEen
VIcE-PRESIDENTS pacrpaia S. LEE
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THE Bere OF THE City oF NEw York
eb o HYLAN

THE oe OF THE NT OF PusBLic PARES
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
ae SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
F. R. A. HARPER, Chairman

nO
EUGENE P. BICKNE PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE

DR.

PROF. WILLIAM J.G
PROF. JAMES F. keMP

DR. JOHN Rete aan Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)

NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER tea GEORGE
PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief Director (Aa Administration)

DR. H. A. GLEASON, ac jee

MURRILL, Su bertieor of Public Tnsteucean
PRR P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants)
mes a MARA ee HOWE, pia tac (Flowerless Plants)

R. FRED J. SEAVER, Cur ‘or (Flowerless ae ne)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, amin trative Ass:
ERCY WILSON, Associate Curator

JAMES A. CRAWF' ORD, Assneats Curator

DR_H. H. RUSBY, Hi , Honorary Cilrator of the Economic Coane

WAL OHN BRI
AR’ THUR Te CORBETT, Se rinen of Buildings yey Cowl

WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

RYA
HERBERT M. RICHARDS

JourRNAL oF THE NEW YorK BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 271

On shore of Cuthbert Lake, southern end of the Florida peninsula—
A small colony of the saw-cabbage palm in a hammock. ae several stems
eally branches—arise from a branching rootstock or in stem system.

Ht bh: 1 h

fi ey are Tight aad very fibrous,
and thus being pliable and well anchored in the ground the colony 1s able to
successfully resist the fiercest hurricanes.

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII May-June, 1922 No. 269-270

THE SAW-CABBAGE PALM

Tus History AND DISTRIBUTION OF PAUROTIS WRIGHTIL
With Plates 271—273.

Palms have always been interesting, even oe plants;
and aa gh they may be readily recognized even by those
with the least technical knowledge concerning ee they are,
nevertheless, of a vast variety.

The United States is merely on the northern edge of the

ep
<

geographic range of the palms of the New World. Yet, south
of the latitude of Cape Hatteras on the Atlantic coast and the
San Bernardino district in California—the northern outposts
of the American palm habitats—not less than fourteen well

y-
They largely prefer the lowlands. Some of these species are
widely kanes geographically: paige: pa eaicee to
beyon

They favor the east. One species alone occurs naturally on
the Pacific side of the continent, while the other thirteen, except

3) les, are restricted in their distribution to the and
Atlantic Coast lain mong these blue-stem (Sabal
Adansonit) the needle-palm (Rhapidophyllum Hystrix),

ranges a short distance into the Piedmont. Those species, in
the Coastal Plain north of southern peninsular Florida, are more

61

62

r less associated with other palms, such as the cabbage-tree
(Saba 1 Palmetto), the soe palmetto (Sabal Etonia), and the
ns).

In southern Florida seven other palms occur. Some of
have been well known there for many years, while the discovery
of others has been comparatively recen nt.

o be disc

—is one of our more interesting and rarer palms. Closel
— with the lower parts of the Lossman’s River limestone
of the Ten Thousand oe the Cape Sable Region, and the

pe
extre ee e e Florida peninsula, it occurs in the
least accessible parts of a State. And this is perhaps why,
although thirty years had elapsed since its di n

ry the

North American mainland, it was until quite recently so utterly
misinterprete

n May, 1887, Pliny Ward Reasoner? during a short vacation

trip along the lower western coast of Florida, by boat, discovered

the palm under discussion in the royal palm region or district

of the eid Romano region. Neither flowers nor fruits were
then secured.

n ie fall of the following year, shortly after the death of

Pliny Reasoner, his brother, E. N. Reasoner*, made a pilgrimage

1SERENOA REPENS (Bartram)
rypha repens Bartram, ‘‘frondibus expansis, flabelliformibus, plicati.,

hamaerops ‘serrulata Michx. FI. Bor. . 1: 206.
Serenoa serrulata Hook; Benth. & Hook, Gen. Pl. 3: pets 1888.
2Pliny Ward Reasoner was born May 6, 1863, at Princeton, Illinois,
i e bec: teres

where he received his education and at an early ag interested in
botany and horticulture bout 1883 he went to Florida, establishing
th oyal Palm Nurseries at co, and in 1885 ed a partnership
with his brother, E. N. Reasoner, under the name r Bros. e
was horticultural eas in charge of the subtropical exposition at
Jacksonville, 1887-88, and one of the three Florida commissioners — oe
Atlant ta exposition of 1888; _ he was becoming w t

o a contributors o sieeeutt ura literature
when an attack of yellow fever ees terminated his career, at the early
age of twenty-five. e died at Manatee, Florida, September 17, 1888.

i Hendley Barnhart.

Egbert Norman Reasoner was born at Princeton, Illinois, May 24, 1869.

63

to the region just referred to above, where he secured seeds

of tl pal also a few plants; but i not until a
decade later (1898) that the requisite flowers and fruits were
forthe were foun source e Cho-
koloskee River, as will be seen by subsequent quotations.
Specimens were later sent to Charles S. Sar, t t

Neither of the geographical designations for the original
locality of this palm are correct, in other words Serenoa arbor-
escens was not pimmesiee near the Chokoloskee River nor in

He joined his brother, Pliny aware Reasoner, in Florida, i in the fall of 1885,

and although } y three years later Reasoner
Brothers has continued in use until the sent t He has done much
collecting of seeds and living plants in ant Florida, has eerie widely
in the United States, Europe, and t est Indies, and has contributed t

Bailey’s é 'yclopedia of American Horticulture and Standard eylopelie
of Horticulture.—J. H. Barnhart.

1 See under ‘‘Bucaneer-palm,” Journal of the New York Botanical Garden
23: 33-43. 1922.

2 Botanical Gazette 27: 92. 1899.

64

the Royal Palm Hammock; but was first collected in a ‘point
of cypress

westward a: f Marco. These three royal palms were
killed in the ‘‘freezes’”’ of 1894 and 1895, ich occurred only
six weeks rt arts of the column-like trunks of the royal

through natural agencies. The oe range and the

1-
dently been shrinking for many years as a result of destructive
natural agencies.

connection with the description in the Silva!, published

three years later, where the palm was also figured, Professor
Sargent says:

“At the time of its discovery neither flowers nor fruit were

collected, but in October, 1888, Mr. E. N. Reasoner visited the

with the bas discovered by Mr. Reasoner, and a second species
of Serenoa.

1 Silva of North America 17: 77. pl. 734. 1902.

, Lote Y tholy Woe Ik Pee ino snonurues sy3 Aq peuriog st siio3s paspuny e uvyr aio jo
soupatios Auojoo © ‘peas & wor; Ways ajaurs & se BuIITIg ‘saneal ay? puryaq Surpuese uaas aq Aci yoy jo susoys 1B}
Tetaaas ‘Auojoo jjews © jo sugjo3s 343 Wosy Buystie wyed aseqqeo-mes Jo sjooys aunoA—syeT wWaqyiny jo sioys uO

zZz ALVIg

NOGUVS) TVOINVLOG HYOA MAN AHL 4O TWNaNOf

65

as by that time transferre e genus Acoelorraphe. 1 ds
“An additional station for Acoelorraphe arborescens is at th
ead of East River, it a ay, where it was collected

y A. A. Eaton on March 22, 1905, and by J. B. Ellis in June and
Les 1908.””

Just twenty years after the discovery of Serenoa arborescens,
1 1907, John J. Soar and Marion Soar, while on a plant
unting excursion, found their way into a large bay, etna
ill nameless, lying east of Maderia Bay at the southern e

ri
ie Andros, Cubans, and Floridan plants represented not only
le genus, but one species.
The problem was taken up by Odoardo Beccari,5 who re-

1 Trees and Shrubs 2:
u - ee under ‘‘ Bucaneer- pe HY sual of the New York Botanical Garden
3-43. 1922.

5 ee androsana O. F. Cook, Mem. Torrey Club & 1902.

*See under ‘‘Bucaneer-palm,” Journal of the New York ose) Garden

: 39. 1922. Mrs. Northrop oe her life at Mt. Riga, New York, near

2 state lines of Massachusetts and Connecticut, May 6, 1922, when the

tomobile in which she was ane: was struck by a train.

§ Odoardo Beccari, born at Florence, Italy, November 19, 1843, was edu-

ted at Lucca, Pisa, and Bologna. In early life, from 1865 to 1878, he
t h time in botanical exploration, visiting for that purpose Abyssinia,

66

surrected the ieee generic name Acoelorraphet and

that the fruits were collected in Royal Palm Hammock in Dec-

ember 1898 by R. B. Storter. The original description of

Serenoa arborescens and the plate subsequently printed in the
t

rom the writer’s experience ger this palm he would cae
the case of Serenoa arborescens versus Paurotis Wrightii
Ae example of indoor-botany versus field-botany.

At any rate, ee accepte Beccari’s treatment of the
genus, at least as far as Florida is concerned, and published a
synopsis of the two species there ee a description of
Acoelorraphe Wright with a plate‘.

However, he is careful to ce it clear that he himself is not
Pas for maintaining two species®, but throws the burden

m

e writer, within the past few years, has had the good
fortune to be able to penetrate into different parts of the area
occupied by this palm in the Cape Sable region of Florida.

India, Sumatra, oe Borneo, Celebes, Amboina, Papua, Australia, and New
aland. In 18 0.

Zealand was appointed director of the botanical garden and
museum of his native he but retired ina ye wo, as direct er
itus, to devote all of attention to the study of his extensive collections.
For many s he was recogni as the foremost stude Ims of

the world. He died at Florence, October 25, 1920.—John Hendley Barnhart.
1 Referred to by Wendland in 1879, but not published.

18. 1907.
S. Sargent, Silva of aie ee: = a 7724. 1902.
7 A and Shrubs 2: pe 0. pl. 151.
5 Trees and Shrubs 2:

§ Webbia 2: 107-118. be

67

He first eS it in abundance in the hammocks bordering
Cuthbert Lake'. En route to that very isolated locality he first
saw mee specimens of it along some of the arboreous tunnels,

nearly uniform heigh only h-like crown of leaves
at the top; whereas the colonies in exposed situations had more
copiously leafy stems and greater variety in These

Eay: forming its aardes extremity and approaches to

f the Bay of Florida. Coot Bay, however
receives its tidal infence not from the nearby Bay of Florida,
but from the Gul Mexico, whose nearest inlets situated in
the ea part a Ten Thousand Islands, are about twenty
miles distant in a direct line. Like the Cuthbert Lake region,
the Coot Bay region is strictly saline, except for the varying
rainfall which, ys course, has little effect on the water supply
of the vegetatio:

We next eel this palm in Madeira Hammock, which
surrounds Madeira Bay and is situated a little east of the middle
of the lower end of ae Florida peninsula. Here, at least in a
given area, the growth is much more copious than at the two

The growth of broad-leaved trees is not continuous along the-
shore of Madeira Bay; but it is interrupted at several places by
prairies that reach to the water's edge. They are southward
extensions from the Everglades.

1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 189-202. 1916. The
Cape Sable Region of aie 1-27. 1919.

4
<

68

At both Cuthbert Lake and Coot Bay the palm is largely

and in the hammock, where the crowns of leaves are often con-
spicuous above the roof of the ham oc
stems of the colonies growing feehe hammocks s

to be taller than those of the te ee aps s this cea

a more light, the crowns of necessity push themselves above
shade of the broad-leaved tree-tops. oe stems are very
oe set, as well as numero wth is often so dense

blackened petioles are eas off and the colonies again assume
their normal conditio

Madeira Bay and oe Bay represent the southern limit of

this palm in Florida. It has not yet been found on the Florida

In next experience with it we pape. it from the
aoe direction, that is, from the north. On the prairie
about ten miles southwest of Royal Palm Hammock, Dade
County, this plant appears to be perfectly at home under fresh.
water conditions instead of salt. It grows just as plentifully

and as luxuriantly as-at the localities mention efore
This fourth region is apparently not many miles distant
from either bert Lake or Madeira Ham owever,

colonies and those raising their tops above the hammocks are
visible for long distances over the prairies, and when in fruit

UTIs P|NGS IUO—slUd3s JoI9 PsspuNy [eisasas—AuUO]OD S8sE] E Jo ase BYR UT
‘ensutuad epro,y ayy Jo pue useyynos ‘Avg eepey, JMoqe yourwey uy

AuYlOo wyed at]
“myed aseqqes-..

2T3I0}S B UT SE Usp
jo Auojoo & ulyat yy

ray

€4@ AL Ig NAGIVD TWOINVLOG YYOA MAN AHL 4O TyNUNof

69

the Seas spadices with numerous Ted or purple fruits con-

distinct from Paurotis Wrightit resins Wrightii).

‘With the plants (Acoelorraphe arborescens) of the Cape Romano
region fresh in mind, we compared them with those of the
Cuthbert Lake-Madeira Hammock region. The writer found
that the only character that appeared worth while in Beccari’s

the reservations of Mr. Charles Deering at Buena Vista and at
seereg

all the Paurotis now known in eae is = weterable to a
Ens species, the synonymy would stand t

Paurotis ae (Griseb. ee pea, Britton and Shafer,
N. A. Trees 141. fig. £

Copernicia oe Griseb. & Wendl.; Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub.
220. 1866.
eas oboe Rey rae Gaz. 27: 90. 1989.
Pau Mem. Torr. Club, 12: 22. 1902.
Aeoropie oe (ech, & Wendl.) Wendl.: Beccari,
bia ike)
ie aibaiescens ee Beccari, Webbia 2: tog and
7:

Although all our palms have striking gross characters, yet
most of them are otherwise neither particularly noteworthy

Hystrix) is furnished with myriads of long firm needles con-

70

stituting an armament which ae into would inflict uncomfort-
able, if not serious, conseque’
Although the subject of nee soe is armed to the extent of

°
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os
ae
®
fe)
©
n
o
°
re
=
iy
ra
[on
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ot
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ia
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a

a so closely placed as to form an impassable stocka
Joun K. ant

BLACK DUCKS IN NESTING TIME.

Early in April, several pairs of ducks, including the black,
mallard and wood duck, began looking over the grounds of the
P : : A mini

d
setting, while her mate could usually be seen leisurely floating
on the water near by.

Some days later a pair of mallards appeared and the female
began building a nest close to that of the black duck’s but at a
trifle lower elevation. She evidently was not well satisfied with
such crowded quarters or possibly the ground wae a bit too low
or wet, for after placing a few sticks and flew awa’
to be seen no more about the place. Not so with her partner,

c
the situation and a little later the mallard proved a quite valiant

71

defendes of her home. Everything seemed to go on quietly until

o have more than met his match in the water, for the

he set were hatched and by noon certainly
all the birds were ene Early in the morning as many as there

first experience in the open. A few hours after and somewhere
near noon, wholly unobserved so far as the writer knows, the

72

duck left the nest, led all her young into the water and across
a narrow strip of land to the lily-pond, where she and her brood
were seen for the last time in the Botanical Garden

Possibly the black ducks were from the Zoological Park and

arly reappeared a day after the nest was deserted by the family
and could be seen sitting on or swimming near the nest for
several days following. Just what his baie were it is hard t
ia Was he resting up after so much guard-duty, mourning
ver a Sta home or only taking a ce amid quiet sur-
ees
—R.S. W.

THE IRIS SOCIETY EXHIBITION

The third annual exhibition of the American Iris Society was
held at the Garden May 27 and 28, in cooperation with the New

Yi The unusally early spring necessi the advance of
the date by one a se eve the irises of New Jersey
and Pennsylvania beyond their Nevertheless,

pri
there was an ex lien : pe which see large numbers
of interested visitors. The annual meeting of the Iris Society
was held May 27 at the mansion, following a lunch for the mem-
i e

as possible, so that it a serve as a living catalog for a
guidance of interested p

Blooming just after ihe ane and before the roses, the irises
now form one of the leading floral features of the Garden and

73

add greatly to the attractiveness of the horticultural grounds.
The new peony collection has been established near them, and
the two will soon supplement each other.

—H.A.G.

THE FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON FUND

The will of the late Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson, who was a

of 1921. The following action was taken by the Managers at
their meeting on April 20, 1922:

RESOLVED: that the bequest of $25,000, received from
the estate of the late Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson, be and
hereby is designated the FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
FUND, and that its income be applied to such purposes
as may be voted by the Board of Managers from time to
time.

An appropriation of $1,000 from the income of the Francis
Lynde Stetson Fund for the year 1922 was made for the pur-
chase of books

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL.
The April Conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered
students of the Garden was held in the museum building, Wed-
nesday, April 5th

1, lati f Sp eer ea.”

Dr.
He pointed out that the natural ae of elena is to migrate

at
the plant association. Each quadrat in such an association
contains about the same number of species, the number being

74

regulated by the richness of the flora, a size of the plants,
q

rats.
If the relation of aces au area is plotted, using areas as
abscissas and , the result is a curve, somewhat

resembling a hyperbola in shape. But if, instead of the area, the
logarithm of the area is used as the abscissa, the result becomes

of cae in larger areas may be estimated directly.
A full discussion of the aa of species and area will appear
in an early number of Ecolog

In a brief discussion of some of the taxonomic problems in
C. C. Glo

has | coarse irregularly bent cotton-like hairs; and V. op
either has simple short straight hairs or is entirely glabrous.
B. Stout

Secretary of the Conference

NOTES NEWS AND COMMENTS

A joint meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club, Wild Flower

u
the grounds to study birds, trees, and flowers under the direction

75

of Dr. Fisher, Dr. Southwick, Mr. Wilson, and others. Lunch
was eaten in the mansion at one o'clock, after which Dr. Wherry
is :

followed by Dr. Denslow an tr. Lownes on “Our Local

Orchids.”” Specimens and illustrations of orchids and other
wild flowers were on exhibit

The Inkowa Club of New York City, established for the pro-
motion of out-of-door life, held a field-day at the Garden o:
April 23, visiting many parts of the grounds pe the buildings
under the guidance of a member of the Garden staff. Beginning

geology and history of the rocks, trees, and other natural features
of the Garden reservation. Miss Angelique Rivollier, Activities
Director, was in charge of the excursion.

Volume 6, part 1, of North American Flora consists of a mono-
. Seaver. The work

og
4
uy
uo)
os
°
2,
ct.
Zz
o
a
©
3
c
me
oN
=
2
=
s
on
ap
&
8
o
md
eo]

On account of the difheulty, however, oe OnE Ee 2 satis
factory key for such a
are so slight, the goacel rule for Nor a American ne has
been modified and a host index supplied for the gen

attempt has been made to correct host oe nee

76
material is adequate but unfortunately many of the specimens
are so fragmentary that it has been necessary to accept the host
determinations made by the collector. The entire work consists
of 84 pages of text and was issued early in April.

Perfect fruiting specimens of Buxbaumia aphylia L., a rather
md very

Cats kills, on Ma y% oie in sandy soil beside a path ona

t
some time was devoted to a study of the collections in the
economic museum

The Burroughs Nature Club of Newark, New Jersey, visited
the Garden on the afternoon of May 20 to see the temperate
S

Ts
at conservatory range 2; with brief stops in the iris garden,
hemlock grove, mansion, and deciduous arboretum.

Mr. Oakes Ames published on April 5th, 1922, the seventh

the seventh contains eleven papers, covering a wide range of

77

studies of both American and Old World orchids. Several
species new to science are described from specimens sent him
from our herbariu

President J. A. Blaisdell of Pomona College, Claremo nt,
Ca oe was a recent visitor at the Garden. He is interested
in securing me of the citrus enean of South-
em California, Pomona i being located in the citrus belt.

Professor H. M. Fitzpatrick of Cornell University spent
several days at the Garden in May continuing his researches
on certain groups of Ascomycetous fungi

Meteorology for April: The total precipitation for the month
as 2.54 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each
the I

18th and 80° on the 26th. The minimum temper a were:

31° on the 3rd, 39° on the 16th, 38° on the 22nd and 32° on the

ee Killing frosts ae in the first and last weeks of the
onth.

troup of botanical students from Hunter College came to

ae Garden on April 27 to examine the orchid collectioa and

o hear a talk by Dr. Gleason on this large and interesting
nee of plants.

Pree: seventy-five biological students from the Academy of

t St. Ursula spent the afternoon at the Garden on April

ea -eight. They were shown through portions of the

grounds oer by Mr. Wilson and other members of the
Garden s

s Helen Purdy, who is now assisting Dr. Murrill with the
Barnard Botanical Club, held at the home of Mrs. Boyle,
Saturday, May 6th.

This spring Dr. Stout is conducting important breeding
work with about twenty species of the genus Lilium.

78
ACCESSIONS
PLANTS AND SEEDS
3 plants of Citrus for conservatories aes by Mrs. Grimes).
1 plant of Codiaeum oa en by ck

nia (by ae with Mr. W. A. Manda’

e ci
ange wit gree Bot. Gard.).

2 plant: talia Race cat (by e
plant for conservatories (by exchange with U. . Museum through
Dr
1 plant o m for conservatories (by exchange with Prof. Thorne).
4 plants a pee from Flor ida {collected by Dr. J. K. Small).
7 cactus plants c. of Agric of Trinidad)
mal

1 packet
44 packets of seed (by exchange wi ada).
1 packet of seed (by exchange
I packet of seed (by exchange his Ears aa La “Salle, Habana).
gI packets of seed (p ed).
2 plants for conservatories (gi by Mr. Edward W. Doh

idiu conservatories (given by Miss Harriet ‘ Coxe).

ociety).

°
s for iris garden (given by American Iris

537 P
2 plants for iris garden (given by Mr. John C. Wister).
I plant tia for conservatories (given by Miss Lula Pace).

a7
I plant of Arbutus (given by Mrs. Jean Kerr).
. CN, bic
il).

2 plant: iris garden ( by Mr. J. M.S
35 plants for conservatories (given by Mr. Fis!
3 plants from Porto (collected by Dr. L. n)

. Rolf).
25 plants of Areca lutescens (given by Mr. E. Murray Brunner through Dr.
. L. Brit a
¢ plants for arboretum (by exchange with U. S. Dept. of Agric.).
aie aat (by exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through

plant for
Mr. xon).
15 plants of Abutilon (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Cambridge,

nglan
I plant of Bougainvi Hea (by oan with aie gra Garden).
95 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Storrs & Harrison Co.).
4 plants for conservatories (by exchamge with Dr. gi er).
9 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Dr. E. T.

79
5 plants for conservatories (by exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through
Dr.

6 plants for des orative racial ee:
11 plants for collection : (pur ed).

1 packet of seed Gauen a Mrs. N. L. Britton).
9 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Cambridge, England).
43 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, Dublin,

58 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Bonn, Germany).

60 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Cernauti, Tran-
sylvania).

19 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Cluj, Roumania).

26 packets of seed (by exchange with Botanic Garden, Groningue, Holland).

LIBRARY, FROM JAN. 1-APRIL 30
Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Vols. 1-3, 10. Rio de Janeiro,
1876-99 (given by the Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro).
CANNON, WILLIAM AusTIN. Plant habits and habitates in the arid portions of
mle Washington, 1921 (given by the Carnegie Institution of

Washington).
catate ae the library of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Cambridge,

Gie cuss RGE Harotp, & Marte, Marts Oscar. Fodder and pasture
plants. Ottawa, 1913 (given by. P. A. Rydberg

CLEMENTS, FrREDERIC EDWARD. Aeration and air-content. Washington, 1921.
(given by the Carnegie Institution ot Washington).
EvELyN, JOHN. he French gardiner. Ed. Lon 672.
Gragpau, AMADEUS WILLIAM. . ee of neie 2 vols. Boston, C 1920.
Hatt, Harvey Monroe, ANC! uIsk. Rubber-content of
American Plants. Weshnsion. pe een by the Carnegie
Insti nm of Washingto!

HERRERA, : ORTUNATO L. Contributién a la flora del Departmento del Cusco,
Primera parte, Ed, 2. . Cuzco, 3921 (gi iven n by! the oe aie ene tie Club).

Hotes, pee Car.. w York, 1922.

Index Kewensis, Supplementum quintum

Journal of the Marine Biological eens - ae Daited Kingdom, Vols.
7-12. Plymouth, 1904-21 oe exchange

Krox, TuorGny Ossian Bott R NAPOLEON, & ALMOQUIST, SIGFRID OSKAR
IMMANUEL. Svensk pan tr skolor. Vol. 2. Kryptomgamer. Ed. 3.

Murrill).

dae CHARL! © Mic bas Roser rt K. One thousand American
a «S3t Indiana, [agrt]
ouves, cae te & Horres, ALFRED Cart. Plant culture. Ed. 4.

w York,

80
Pascuer, ADOLF A. Die Stisswasser-Flora Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der
Schweiz, ed. Heft 7. Chlorophyceae 4. Jena,
SARGENT, CHARLES SPRAGUE. Manual 7 the trees of North American. Ed. 2.

try L New York, 1921 (given by

ce J

Charles eee Pack).

STouT, eee BurDETTE. Gardening. Yonkers-on-Hudson, 1922 (given by
the author).

Stout, HENRIETTA Maria (SCHROEDER). The amateur's book of the dahlia.
Garden City, 1922.

WernuHAM, HERBERT FULLER. A monograph of the genus Sabicea, London,
1914.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. “hea a
Fritz Ach

Edward D. vee
Charles B. Alexander
Vincent Asto

fe W. ite chicos
George F. Baker
al Baker

Henry de Forest oon
Edmund L. Baylie

Prof. Charles P. Berkey
Eugene P. Bicknell

C. K. G. Billings

George Blumenthal
George S. Brewster

.M. ee

oy
»
3
o
o
ice]
5

Forest
a Ww. abe ae

Prof. W. J. Gie:
ae ie ccchcin

Member
e A. Armour
Mrs. ee Bacon
Miss Elizabeth aga
M L. Brit

Mrs. Andrew ces

C. Hil
Mrs. ie Jennings

Murry Guggenheim
J

Archer M. Huntington

Adrian Iselin

Dr. Walter B. James

Walter B. onsen

Otto H. Ka’

ee James F chy
rwi

s R.
F achat R a Id
C. D. Nor

Eben E. Olcott
Prof. Henry F. Fes orn
Chas. Tlie ‘ack

Tra A

John D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt
Pri us

Willi iam Sloa

Allen Wardwe
ae Ae
Bronson Baieatis

James S
predic Spe
F. K. Sturgis
B. B. Thayer
Charles G. Thompson
tis Boyce Thompson

r. W. Gilman Thompson
ain Le ‘Wint hrop

s of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. Bradish Johnson
Mrs. Delancey Kane

Mrs.

Mrs. Ge nan D. Pratt

Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. William A. Read

Mrs. isa a gpa
0a:

Mrs. Edw. T. H. T:
Mrs. ay O. Taylor
Mrs. W. G. Thompson
Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman
Mrs. John I. Kane

Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

re
a

PUBLICATIONS OF

The New York Bot Botanical Garden

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at general interest. Free to all
mbers of the Garden. To others, a pon nts a copy; $1.00 a yeu [Ni

a year; single eles not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.

its fourteenth +

Addisonia, auaitee erly, devoted exclusively to colored | Bites acre by
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wo in each volume. Subscription BORE) $10.00a ene [No t offered in
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Bulletin of the New York Bota meat Tokar containing the annual reports
ef the Director-in-Chief be other official documents, and technical articles
embodying results of investigations carried out i n the Garden. Free to all
members of the Gauieas to others, $3.00 per Naat Now in its eleventh

North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America,
including Greenland, the West ua, eae Central America. Planned to be

completed i is 34 volumes. Roy. volume to consist of four or more
parts. Subscription price, $1. a om part; a lim: ited ae er of separate
parts will Ba sold for $2.00 each. [Not

ol. 3, part I, 1910. Sete ee aceae—Fimetaria
Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; 907, part 3, braie Cate 4, 1920; part 5, 1920;
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vel 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912 t 3, 1915. T 'yphaceae—Poaceae

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Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6,
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Vol. 24, par 19; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars.)

eek 25, part, 1907; Boras 1920; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.

29, I, 1914. Clethraceae—Ericaceae.

ve I i ae I, 1918. Rubiaceae (pars).
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ol. I.
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed m 1900.
Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Develop-
ment, by D. acDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures.
Vol. III. Studies of Crebaae ae Coniferous ae mains from Krelschevil
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii+ 1 138 pp., with 29 p!

vn
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rs a other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume.
a the tenth volume.
NEW YORK canal, GARDEN
nx Park, New York City

uF

;

Vol. XXIII July, 1922 No. 271

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR

R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS

Narrative of an Ascent of Pico hg L Ore] 0 RRR ata RA Mi eran ie
Notes on Plants Collected by . Bucher on Pico Turquino, Cub: 91
The New Mansion Approach fhicastes and Fencing on Pelham pee, 94
Waterlilies at the Botanical Garden......................-2ee eee cess 95
Second Grant from the feet es Budd Robinson Fund................ 160
Notes, News and Comment....... . 100

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

ane he THE GARDEN
STREET, LANCASTER, Pa
gets cipro Printinc ComPaNnY

OFFICERS, 1922
PrEsIpDENT—W. ae THOMPSON
VICE-PRESIDENTS 2 De ORESe
PREnERRe ie LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRIL
ASSISTANT idee oar ok as LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BR

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. be FOREST . P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS
Term expires rere: 1924
N. L. BRITTON WIS aa Bet
HENRY W. De FOREST FREDE RIC R. N eee
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOM
Term expires January, 1925
Seats De FOREST AEN ADOLPH LEWISOHN:
PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH’ P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE Mayor oF THE City or New Yorke
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN

THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARES
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
i SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
RO R. A. HARPER, Chairma

EUGENE P. BICKNE PROF. FREDERICS. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. GEOkee RYAN
PROF. He Ay E ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. K ROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. a. G BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
R. H. A. GLEAS ON, Assistant Director (Administration)
DR. JOHN K. Serve Head’ Curator of the Museums Pave ring Plants)

ROBERT S. "WILLIA MS, Administrative Assistant
PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator
eS A. CRAWFORD, Associate Curator
UT, Director of the Laboratories
DR. “IOAN HENDLEY B RNHART, Biblbranes
ETH R BOYNTON . Head Gar
NGARAH HH. HARLOW, Laan
DR H.H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator'o vig tte omic Collections
cea G. BRITTON, atest Curator of Mosses
R. ARTHUR HOLL CK, Paleobotanist
Dri .M.D LOW, Honorary Custodian
COL. F. A. SCHILLING , Museum Custodian
pate BRINLEY, gueanis Fy poate
ER S. GROESB ECK, Clerk and Accoun
ARTHUR | z CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings oe ‘Cee

JOURNAL

The New York Botanical Garden

Vor. XXIII July, 1922 No. 271

NARRATIVE OF AN ASCENT OF PICO TURQUINO,
CUBA

the night of April 6th, I left the wharf at the ice factory

no sand. The formation of these is principally a kind of diorite,
a mixture of quartz and feldspar with no mica, serpentine, and
a hard black stone like basalt. The surf breaks constantly on
this beach, and only in calm weather can a landing be made in
a little skiff which the fishermen keep anchored out beyond the

line of breakers. As on all rocky beaches w wave
recedes there is ding noise. All of the stones are rounded
and polished by the action of the waves. A landing was made

without difficulty although the skiff was swamped going back
to the launch.

Ocujal is an ordinary coast settlement, and is made up of
four Boies: of the usual native construction. I noticed, how-
ever, that the mud walls instead of being wattled and plastered

worked in between and all this plastered over. The natives
and plastered one. The natives raise hogs, a few cattle, and all

work at Ensenada de Mora, a sugar mill near Cape Cruz.

81

82

The coast is fringed with a growth of ‘“uvero” or ee
(Cocolobis unifera Jacq.), and back of this is a savana country
with clumps of brush and trees, especially in the ravines. ar

e houses are mango, maranon (cashew) and mamoncillo trees.
The birds that I noticed along the coast were parrakeets, crows,

at creo tuna

VE ie enimene
2

¢
ypaaaa ot
Dae aM

a
CARIOBEAN SEA

er map showing eastern end of Cuba and position of Pico Turquino
In upper map the trail to Pico Turquino and return is indicated by detted
lines.

“zorzales” (a slate colored thrush), “‘negritos” (a black finch),

grass-quits, white- ed dove, blue pigeons, ‘“‘camds”’ (a large
dove), “‘toco s’’ (Cuban trogon), woodpeckers, nighthawks,
a bit d - os” (a la ‘aincrow) regular
parrots, blew s told that at Bayamito to the east there were

numbers of ce

83

At Ocujal I made arrangements to stay at the house of Alberto

the other side of the Potrerillo ae On the morning of the

8th Alberto and I rode down to Turquino beach to the east

where the Turquino river anlar into the sea. This is a much

longer beach than Ocujal, and on it is aera wreckage

from the “Colon,’’ a Spanish warship sunk during the Spanish-
In th

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notebook and pencil.

biscui d e bakeries here, three tins of condensed milk,
gro’ ffee, sugar, four tins of sardines, two of peaches, a
piece of “‘s: ichon,’’ a sort of sausage, two dozen hardboiled

eggs, a tin can for boiling water, and an enamelled cup. Juan
carried a five gallon gasoline tin for water.

84

Sunday, April gth, 1922. Alberto and I left his house at
Ocujal at 5:10 A. M. going by La Didn for Juan the guide.
From here we continued down the coast to a point where a dry
ravine, Arroyo Papayito, comes down, passing two large granite
outcrops on the coast. Here we turned north, entering the
woods from the be: 2c, and worked up a steep slope with very

Sta vever

Profile map of mountains showing relative height of various points and
ail.

at a 30 A. M. We ate breakfast in a ravine covered with a

wth of wet forest. At 7:55 A. M. we left Brazo de las Cuevas,
se another hill which lies in a bend of the brook, and
on up n old camp where a mining claim had been surveyed.

cimarrones or wild plantains. There was a grou

the wind. They
brighter green and appeared to be stiffer ee ne ordinary

85

eae Is this a wild plantain or a cultivated plantain
that has degenerate d?
After crossing the deep ravine, with a beautiful little stream

fallen dead Pine. It was too dark in the forest to attempt to

that constantly sweep over the es sae ag this
ich i of L The

e arrived at the pe L Cardero
about 4,1 t ere the woods were the wettest and conse-
quently at this point the orchids and other epiphytes have

ched their greatest development ve e trunk a
stone is covered with a heav rowth of bromeliads, ferns,
orchids and mosses, although I believe that there are more
different kinds Ss m the main peak than here. This

as it is here that there is the greatest profusion of epiphytes.
After passing over the top of Loma Cardero, which is fairly

level just on top, we went down the north slope, which was a

relief after so ide climbing, to the ridge which connects it

86

with the first peak. This ridge is very narrow and is capped by

just a day or two before. We noticed severa! places where they

had dug out the tubers of the ‘“‘fiame cimarron,” wild yam
(Dioscorea). In this cave we found four water cans left by the

nd Jua th took one, and went down to the headwaters of
the Cabrera river, some 1000 ft. below on the western slope
of the ridge.

La Cueva del Aura is slightly Jower than Loma Cardero, and
the ridge here is very narrow. At 2:10 P. M. ye we arrived
the thermometer registered 70°; at 3:00 P. M. 66°; at 4:00 P.

ey at which point it

At about four o’clock in = Seo the mist began to con-
dense, and fall in large drops, like the first nee drops of
summer rain, which continued until the land breeze from
cae north sprang up, blowing the clouds out - sea at about 8:00
It then cleared up and from a large rock at the edge of

o or one could see the valley of the Portrerillo river below in

singing. It is impossible to describe their song, but it is the
sweetest song of any bird that I ever heard, and seems to fill

87

= woods like the notes of an organ. At Cueva del Aura we
o other birds Bave what seemed to be a pair of warblers,
al some ‘‘mayitos.’
Monday, April 10, we left the Cuvea del Aura at 6:00 A. M.,
and a ten minutes walk along the ridge brought us to the slope

the flower was be arently same as that of the common

almost where they could be touched. The winds seem to have af-
fected the vegetation greatly here for there were many windfalls,

than the conglomerate out-crops on the coast near Santiago,
and rests on a stratum of hard limestone. The altitude of the

88

first peak is 7,050 ft. This peak is rocky and wind-swept,
the growth on the southern point only attaining a height of
ee two or three feet.

The first peak is connected with the main peak (Pico Tur-

Si
and ie drainage of the north laaadine that of the Na
we
doubt the Blue Mountains of Jamaica could be seen. After
j :

th
for maneuvers. We could not see them as they were flyin
er t

(Dipholis) and several other low trees
ti in :

ntiago.
well wrapped in lead foil from a kodak film, and the bottle
corked and carefully sealed with beeswax. Right at the top

89

we found ee briers, with pink blossoms and fruit just
beginning to turn : e woods are Jow, about 12 or I5 ft.
high, and all of ee = are eas and ya. Small oe
have bark like old trees, which would indicate a slow grow

o be
Buk es ea re Saal bicd aie here a great deal),
and a number of large black flies ei) around which had
he

readings for the points cas The altitude as parte i
the expedition in 1918 was 2,325 meters, 7,626 ft.

There is very little pe on top, only some loose rocks which
appear to be a kind of gneiss. I broke a chip off one and seal
it down with me. Without doubt it is oem and shows
mistakable signs of having been fused.

During the afternoon it was impossible to see out as every-

breeze blew, but no land breeze on the peak, althoug
one could hear the wind blowing very hard. It swept the

go

clouds out to sea where they formed a low bank, being brought
back again the next day by the sea breeze. The night was clear

em most of the time e soil on top was dry and dusty
making a great contrast to that of the wet woods just below.
Neither of the native: rad seen a ther1 neter ae ore,

left ee pets on the wa up the day before. At 9:30 we left

Here, instead of going down the ridge towards the south-

\S
“Jigtie.”” These were the _ beginning of the dry deciduous
NE

of the wet zone. From the launch as I was returning to Santiago

In this group of pines I noticed a vine which seems to be Virginia

gI

It seems to be just the same as the Virginia creeper of the States,

of the route, as seven Cuban leagues, or about 1814 miles
GEORGE CONRAD BUCHER

NOTES ON PLANTS COLLECTED BY MR. BUCHER
ON PICO TURQUINO, CUBA

The determinations of the ferns are by Mr. William R. Maxon
of the United States National Museum; those of the mosses by
Mrs. Britton and Mr. R. 5S. Williams. All specimens have been
placed in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden

Found by Mr. Bucher on the highest peak of the TT urauine:
2. Trichomanes scandens L. A filmy fern on Loma Cardero.
3. Vittaria filifolia Feé. A narrow-leaved epiphytic fern on

4. A young epiphytic orchid, Loma Cardero.

5. A fragment of a tree-fern, genus Cyathea. Loma Cardero.

6. A low aromatic shrub of the Mint ee collected without
flowers on the slope of the first peak, about 6500 ft.
altitude.

7. Peperomia une (Sw.) A. Dietr. Collected in moss at about

altitude on the - of the first peak. A plant

of West ee mountain

g2

8. is rears cubana P. Wilson.!| A genus and species of the
Myrsine Family, new to Science. Wet woods, Loma Cardero.

9. Xolisma Turquini Small.2_ A low shrub of the Heath Family,

e principal growth on the first peak, about 7000 [ft
altitude.

10. ros pithyoides Schl. & Cham. A club-moss growing
fro. rdero to the summit, 4000 to 7600 ft. Pre-
cones Bileded by S. H. Hamilton in 1912 at 5875 ft.;

1 WALLENIELLA P. Wilson, gen. no
tee aes alternate leaves, the. blades prominently | black dotted beneath,
with a the margin.

its s branches loosely articulate. Calyx 5-parted, conspicuously black-dotted,

e or more rows of
g the margins, its lobes convolute. Coro olla 5-lobed, its lobes convolute,
reflexed ene dular dotte . eciae ns 5, united nearly to the middle into a
tube, e above; anthers cordate. Ovary 1- eed, several-ovuled; style
aie: ‘stigma simple
The g Ul West Indian genera of Myrsina-
Sac ie “te sstaminal aa the fies ae anited to about the middle.
ti ntly closely related to Conandrium of the East Indies. Although
rather ‘distantly telated to Laas we plant suggests that genus in habit.
alleniella ¢ ban 1a P. _Wilso

ae 9.3 cm. long, 2.3-3 cm. broad, obtuse
at the apex, a e at the base Shane toothed eee ioe middle, glabrous
on both Fides, ie primary veins elevated: petioles m. long;
of the iloreecne and pedicels Puberulent; cape lobes elliptic or elliptic.
ovate, 1 . lon: eetou . broad, capes e; Sirti Loe aaa
. broad, Founded at the ; filaments glabror

4m, 2.5 m:
ayaa “eli “ole brous:

Wet woods, slope of Loma Cardero, 1050-1200 m. altitude. (George
Conrad Bucher, 8) [PERCY WILsoN}

? Xolisma Turquini Small, sp. nov.

A low shrub with red-scurfy twigs; leaves rather close fi ams on the
branches, the blades oval, ovate, or orbicular-ovate, 3-4 cm. long, broadly
obtuse, rounded, or sub-truncate at the apex, entire or Geaeriniee a undulate-
margined, green and glabrous oe pale and scurfy beneath | and pubescent

with red or reddish hairs on t! rounded or hort-
petioled; racemes cluster- Maes borne in the upper selena the pedicels
red-scurfy like the twigs; calyx-lobes. 5, oe about m. long, acute,
scurfy; corolla bial ?), urceolate, abou m. long, Tels pecity ona the
calyx, the lobes ovate-lanceolat e, much ate ter than a aie or ridged tube,
acute; flamente’s gtk ene neal 4 a en
anthers about 1. 5 mm. long; capsule n

Collected on Pico Turquino, April ro, ee Gate — Bucher, 9.)

This is the twelfth species of Xolisma known he island of Cul
It is related to Xolisma calycosa which was discover a in th untains east
of Santiaga, Cuba, rile owever, from that species in both

etait lobes and the corolla is prominent ribbed or Lenioes as ate
with the even corolla of x. calycosa.. [J. K. Smatt.]

93

known otherwise from mountains of Mexico and Central
merica.
: Micromeria Bucheri P. Wilson.’ . shrub of the Mint
Family on the slope of the first
. Pilea. Collected without pee on Aiet peak at about
6700 ft.
13. A small tree of the Melastomaceae, foliage only collected.
Summit o

™
_

al
N

er.
B.
=e
i)

Mez. A small West Indian
tree of the Myrsine Family. Summit of the main peak.

15. Palicourea tiie Ga bas DC. Ashrub of the Madder Family,
inhabiting mountains of the eae Antilles.

: Dewbiobinors bua (Lam.) Eichl..A Cuban mountain
Mistletoe. Summit of the main peak.

. Ditta myricoides Griseb. A low shrub of the Spurge ae
inhabiting mountains of Cuba, Hispaniola and Porto Rico.
Summit of the main peak.

a
by
>
Q
3
a
R
SS
sf
oS
3
S
“a
=
Fs]
fe
av}
<=

an

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~I

18. Miconia, near M. cubensis (Griseb.) C. Wright. A small
tree of Melastoma Family. Summit of the peak, in
young fru

19. Myrica. ca untain Bayberry; small tree, with small
obovate oe densely resinous and _ strigose fees
Summit of main peak.

20. Hedyos mmit of main peak; foliage onl

um. u y:
ai. ual A small epiphytic orchid, in wet woods near the

22, Blophsinss Young specimen of an epiphytic fern in
wet woods to main pea

3 Micromeria Bucheri P. Wilso
Perennial, the sender ‘branches, “woody, densely pubescent. Leaf-blades

ovate, ovate- seni oy 1o mm. long, 3.5-9.5 mm. broad, obtuse
or rounded at the a t the base. dark green and stellate pubescent
above, hoary stellate-pubescent se neath, the slender petioles 1-3 mm. long;
calyx fluted, about 5.5 m ma tones stellate-pubescent, its lobes feangdlar:
ovate; corolla yellow, pete ‘5m m. long, pilose, the tube narrowly funnel-
rs aoe the lobes rounde

lo;

‘ico eee about 2000 m. altitude (George Conrad Bucher, 11).
In leaf-form and pubescence this species of Micromeria resembles M.
viminea ae ) Urban, which is native to Cuba, ra a and Jamaica. ere
is, how e corollas, those of M. ee
Measuring up t 8.5 mm. long, while those vr M. viminea are only 5 or
mm. tong. (nce WILson.]

94

23. aL ars A barren leaf of a mountain fern, collected
on the main pea

24. Clastobryum americanum Cardot. A moss on summit of the

ain = ak. Hitherto known fron South America and

Jam
25. Pisricl flexilis (Sw.) Jaeger. A moss inhabiting the
mountains of Cuba and Jamaica. Summit of the main

26. Tracks viridulus (Mitt.) Brotherus. A moss hitherto
m South America, and on John Crow Peak,

26a. Metoriopsis| aed (Sw.) Brotherus. A moss collected
wit the summit of the main peak, known from
i ee of Cuba and Jamaica.

27. Campylopus Brittoniae Williams. A moss, oes known

only from Sir John Crow Peak, Jamaica.
28. Holomitrium Reicaieee (Sw.) Mitten. re West Indian
mountain moss collected on the summit of the main peak.

29. Cladonia pea (Sw.) Ach. Summit of the main peak.
(Det. Williams) <A lichen hitherto unrecorded from Cuba.

. BRITTON

Percy WILson

THE NEW MANSION APPROACH ENTRANCE AND
FENCING ON PELHAM AVENUE

Through the ea ae of a legacy of $5,000 received in
he estate

the southern end of the driveway leading north to the Lorillard
Mansion, together with over 100 lineal feet of the standard
wall and fence planned to ultimately surround the reservation
on street and parkway frontages.

The entrance, designed by Mr. John R. Brinley, Landscape
Engineer, consists of a driveway flanked by paths for pedestrians.

massive gate post. Terminating the boundary fence and at the
outer side of each path is a smaller post. The central gate posts

95

are surmounted by carved finials of the conventionalized pine-
apple type, and a bronze tablet, set on one of the entrance piers,
of the

Women’s Auxillary, during the Spring Inspection of Grounds,
Buildings and Plantations on May 4th, 1922. This tablet
bears the following inscription:
THIS ENTRANCE
AND THE

ADJOINING FENCE

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
Through the expenditure of a part of the Special Develop-

Entrance, where grading and path-building is also being ac-
complished.

WATERLILIES AT THE BOTANICAL GARDEN

the most attractive: of the mid-summer displays is

house of that Very properly these beautiful nae
enjoy much ee for since nee earliest historic times thei
unique flowers have mned art and poetry, and, among ce

e tw e
writing at a later date called the white lilies Nymphaea and the
yellow Nuphar. Linnaeus, however, placed them all under the

96

single generic name of Nymphaea in his Species Plantarum of
1753; but a few years latter in the sixth edition of Genera
i ei elum i

wv. ‘ym pbhaea for the chegee or cow-lilies and refer the white ae

to Castalia, a name coined by Salisbury in 1805.

Because of their foe structure ee oce Bike very Somalia
or the gradatio: m.

of the most anit that may engage the mind of thoughtful
naturalist or garden
Their lar: ge Rowers, of classic shape and tropic beauty in a
variet ‘of d g the modern hybrids, make them
excellent subjects for a striking landscape effect wherever the
d

leaves form a suitable background against whic S
show to full advantage. If thought is used in selecting varieties,
the punctual h blooming may bé us

b e
to produce a continous show of blooms. Some gardeners have
even contrived a floral clock, timed by the opening of as Howes
A few notes on the methods used in cu! tivaning
the varieties grown at the Garden may i ds. The
te nder or tropical species may be grown to bloom either in an

ar They grown
from seed which is collected by eee the eerie ee

97

just before it is drawn down below the surface of the water by
the coiling flower stalk to mature its seeds. If not bagged the

1 ke m
nice soy: he oe floating leaf, they are taken out and
3, . and 5 ie ae ieeewey till they are ready for the

when the nights are sufficiently warm or in the aquatic house
earlier in the season. At this stage the night temperature

Ss.

The tubs in which the waterlilies are to bloom should be
plea ace oath wo feet deep and twenty-two inches
cross. They ag from 5 to 6 feet apart so that the

of leaf and fone during the growing season and preserve the
best plants for the next year.
bout the middle of November for those indoors and earlier
for those outside, when the leaves begin to wither, the plants
are lifted and brought into the greenhouse and heeled-in with
Whe

t of manure, and 1 of leaf-mould in 3 inch pots under water at

98

temperature of 75 to 80 degrees, and from this point on,
treated like seedlings.

T ulture of the royal waterlily of the Amazon, Victoria
egia, or its more commonly cultivated variety, V. Trickeri, is
d at a somewhat higher

mperature, 80 t degrees, and ng ering
period a 80. Care should be used when shifting the
seedlings to larger pots to set them a little deeper as the plant

to give more space and somewhat richer soil, for the Victorea
is a giant.
Hardy lilies are cultivated in the same manner as the tender
eras with this difference, na they te be saa to remain
the pool where they bloom when
There are about ae pices of in aid is s the largest
genus cultivated, and a large number of named varieties re-

e is given a list of those grown at the Garden. In the case
of horticultural varieties it is often impossible to be sure of
relationships; but the following list has been arranged to show
this as truly as may be learned from literature on the subject
and the appearance of the plants themselves.

TENDER se BLOOMING CASTALIAS

. coerulea (light blue).
*. ovalifolia ae nie blue).
. o. var. Mrs. Edward ea Ao
‘ micrantha Dahenune (light
‘ rs. Woodrow Wilson Behe blue).
C. m. dD. var. "Pan ama-Pacific
C. m. D. . Wilson Gigantea (dark lavender-blue e).
: ‘tel ia var. Grossherzog Ernst Lugwig (violet-blue).
. ampla (white).
; eae (C. favo-virens) (white).
: ar. Mrs. C. W. Ward Megs pink):
. g. var. Wm. Stone ines blu
. . Wm phe ‘viclet-purpt).
: pulche errima “ight b ue).
. 2p. Se van i (ue)
. capensis (s.
C. a apa a iineeeee rosea (pink).
C. castaliflora (pink).

On

fon

AAAAAagag
a

AAAAAAAAAAAAANNA

BARK

AAAAGAAAS

99

TENDER NIGHT-BLOOMING CASTALIAS
dentata magnifica Sov nile):

Deaniana ‘light p nk).

eWeENStS
Sturtevant (bright re d).
Omarana (light and cane pink).
Bissetit (pin
EvOnLEnSIS (rosy ed).

r (crimson).
d. var. | Frank Ti ae (pink).

oe CASTALIAS
odorata (wh:
0.

0

0

0. var. Shaw (rose pink).

0. var. Helen Fouler Ae ink).

o. var. Eugenia nd (deep rose pink).
0

rubra- ere ee purple with carmine dots).
M. chromatella
a (wl fs

Wm. D we (shell pink).

M. var.
. M. ths Arethu hee rimson pink).

eee (garnet red).
ie (white)
t. maxim hite)
t. rosea (pink).
alba (white).
a. candidissima (pure white).
a, Gladstoniana
a. Laydekeri hain (rosy lilac).
. a. L. purpurea (re a crimson).
a. gloriosa var. James Brydon (crimson).
a (red an aca
a. Seignoretiti (pale yellow ae with rose)
a. var. Sioux (bright yellov

J. A. CRAWFORD.

100
SECOND GRANT FROM THE INCOME OF THE
CHARLES BUDD ROBINSON FUND

is fund, amounting now to about $700, commemorates Dr,

of the plants of Guam, in co operation with Mr. E D. oh
The second grant from the income, $75, has now been madest to

herbarium, to iad him in collecting botanical specimens in south-
ern New York during the present summer, for the increase of
the Local Herbarium.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

The following visiting botanists enrolled in the library during

Bi S. B :
Caroline A. Black, New London, Conn.; Professors L. H. Bailey,
H. M. Fitzpatrick, W. W. Rowlee and Miss Silence Rowlee,
Ithaca, N. Y.; Dr. J. N. Rose, Mr. P. L. Ricker and Mr. W.
W. Eggleston, Ww ashington, D. C.

+ 700 biology pupils from Morris High School, with their

of the Garden Staff.. At 10:30, the large hall was filled to over-
flowing by enthusiastic pupils eager to hear Mr. Inman lecture
on forestry.

* Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 47-48.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Ab!

Fritz Achelis
Edward D. Adam:
Charles B. coareee
Vincent Ast

John Me Auchinlo
Georg

ata haa

Edm
Prof. ‘Charles P. pies

e S. Brewster

Coffin
Marin Le Brun Cooper

Rev. Dr.

ee H. a dge

Samuel W. Fairchild

William B. O. Field
ord

Daniel Guggenheim

Members of the Women’s

Mrs. George A. Paligy
Mrs. Robert Bac
Miss Elizabeth Billings

Mrs. Walter Jennings

Murry Sn

Henry de “lien ae Joseph P. ae
und L. Ba

Bernhard Hoffma:

Archer M. ada

Adrian Iselin

Dr. Walter B. James
Walter B. a diets
Otto H. Ka

Prof. ies Kemp
Darwin P. Kingsley

Vv. Everit Ma

r. rris
Frederic R. Newbold
C. D. Norton

=a Bradish Johnson
s. Delancey Kane
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean
Mrs. ane fl Kissel
Mrs. A. A.

brava aot Macy

. Henry Marquand
Mrs. Sew. Perkins
Mrs. George D. Pratt

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas, Lathrop Pack
Henry Phipps

F. R. Pierson

James R. Pitcher

Ira A. Plac

pig Grane m Prall

Cha

ie Sau Reid
Prof. H. M. Richards
John D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt

St
@

Bee,

Grenville L. Winthrop

Auxiliary

Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

rs. William ea
Mrs. James Pe
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan
Mrs. Theron G. Sie
Mrs. Edw. T. H. Talmage

‘aylor

Mr
Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser
Miss

Mrs. John I. Kane

Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

a Benefactors

The contribution of $25 0 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle Cha prt to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden bid gift
or by bequest shall entitle oo contributor to be a patron of the Garde
3. eee ne Life
The contribution of $10 © or more to the funds of the Garden at ee:
one time shall entitle the aaa to ee a fellow for life.of the Garde:
4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their hersaeir aggregate $1000.00.
5. fiaeeen ae
taining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become
ees var life when aides Seite ee $1000.00.
6. Annual Members

Annual members pay an annual fee of
All pegenins are tie to the following peiitees

. Tickets to all lectures given under the orerne of the Board of Managers.
ae levitation to all part abi given under the auspices of the Board of
ana

3. A Se “of ‘all handbooks published ne en Garden.
4. A rah of all annual reports and Bul
5. A copy of the monthly shila
6. Pavileses of the Board
. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00.
Information
embers are invited to ask any questions they desire to have ar
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will aes hi vi any m
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building
at 3 o’cloc:
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated

under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.........5

Vol. XXIII August, 1922 No. 272

JOURNAL

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS
PAGE
Report of Work on the Mulford Biological Exploration of 1921-‘22...... 101
UTEP RATIO) Crag) PE VAREST 2 fea ai0)cleinie’s i o'eis aie 0 ein a cie ele ae aie sic cc's weie'a/ee.s sie sie ele 112
Notes, News and Comment..............2..ccccccccccccnrccccerenscace 116

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OFFICERS, 1922
PrEsIDNeT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON
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FREDERIC S. LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED Petaae
Term expires January, 19:

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. Geen

ROBERT W. De FOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924

N.L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD ge

NENRY W. De FOREST FREDERIC R. NEW. bate

W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925

HENRY De es es ADOLPH LEWISOHN

PAUL D. CR. BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

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THE Mayor oF THE City or New Yorke
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER won GEORGE J. RYAN
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant ede Administration)
DR. oN K. SMALL, Head’ nee tor of the ac ‘useums tee g Plants)
R. W. A. MUR L, Supervisor of Public Insi
aR. P.A. RYGEERG will (Flowerin ng Plan EAL
DR. Mea A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants)

JAMES A. CRAWFORD, A sore Curator
Dy _ Director of t

a ‘ar
H H. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections
Bea G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator a Mosses
R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotani.

HN R. ea
ARTHUR J. LTER 8 GRC Subermehent af Bucdenve "snd Grell

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIIT August, 1922 No. 272

REPORT OF WORK ON THE MULFORD BIOLOGICAL
EXPLORATION OF 1921-'22

y botanical ewes on this journey began immediately
e div. i

for our economic museum, ee one of the members of the party

above-named pass was made by ee through the
N

I found enough water supply in early July to maintain a scanty
growth of alpine plants. My collections here included two
cactuses, two caiophoras, a ribes in fruit, and several senecios.

th
in flower, and of ferns, on the sides of the valley, which were

ive he term ‘‘Pongo” means a beginning or
eee and refers to the origin of some importan
stream or the commencement route some important

ae maa ee a 2 apie of pice so named, and ohey
di a phrase as ‘‘de Quime,”’
to indicate the are For a leagues on the road to

IoI

102

Quime, the number of specimens in flower was very large and
the display was showy. Yellow and white were the i peeaioas
colors of the flowers. There were but few trees, and thes

almost as if the face of the cliff was in ane
As I had not been able to carry my drie sh me, ae had

more interesting plants, which I dried by artificial a Dr.
White came later and made a small, but exceedingly interesting
collection on this portion of the route
At Pongo, three species of Berberis, seven of Baccharis one or
a ve

pecimens are small, poorly He a of little vale cet for
ere
Below Quime, the soil rapidly became drier and the vege-

sere. At several points, however, there i d slopes
known as “rain belts,’’ where, due to local conditions, rains
were occasional or frequent in the dry season, and t il wa

moist. Here we found many plants in bloom. Among the more

103

noticeable, were two species of blackberry, many senecios and lia-
ums, a Cosmibuena, Cinchona ledgeriana, species of Triplaris,
fe: i 0

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ot

nyamina, a stop of on days was made, after our

apparently a pe ees finds an important use in hastening the
fermentation of cane juice, for the oe of alcohol, which
is the important industry at Canyami

Ferns grew in great abundance here in * fair variety, and mei-

ams.
The most striking character of this entire journey from Pongo

e
town or village has been located and every yard of land level

104

enough for tilling is utilized for crop production. It is a most

ct
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a
affording tens of thousands of acres of ae tillable land. Hund-

yielding cane for long periods, some of them as much as forty

years.
At this point I made a most interesting observation, and

the bottom of the v: alle ey. I was assure ed by the entlema: an :

educated French ener that within ten years this eae

placement has been perfectly gradual, so much so t that the life

is located Espia. There ae no Ye here, it being merely a
locality, bearing this name junction
of the route from La Paz, via Chulimani, to Canyamina a
Cochabamba, and the down-river route on the Bopi to

eastern Andean region. This region is interesting because of

the great extent of its cactus flora not an arid region,
although very dry ing the dry season. It: tuses are
peculiar. One o m is the very large one to which allusion

has already been made, and which is very abundant. Another
one is either a form of the former, or a very closely related species.

105

Since there were no blossoms or fruits, I could not decide this

leave scars. Eventually i ecome thirty or forty feet high
: have ‘hotographs of al aes sped. ne or more s ecies of
ipsalis which

festoons the large trees in ae river bottom very densely. The
stems hang vertically and sometimes attain a length of ten feet.
Also a Pereskia with pink flowers often lines the a its

Except for a narrow fringe along the stream, ae vegetation
in this locality was absolutely sere at the ae e of our stay there,
and most o: ees bare of leaves. 5 f the ferns

n
cordate, the ag lanceolate. ness were Os that wi ithin a
few pecan ther wher getation
was always nae and fertile, but circumstances ieevented me
from pars g them
In spite of ee unfavorable conditions, we secured a rather
large collection before leaving Espia, which I am inclined to
think will be unusually interesting.
ur next stop was at Huachi, just below = junction .
Bopi and Cochabamba Rivers, which together form the
This journey, of about 4 days, was made by callapo, song
one o

the most difficult and perilous raft journeys in South America,
large amounts of property, and occasionally lives, being lost in the
rapids. One of our own callapos was there smashed, and consid-

106

erable valuable led was lost, all of the remainder being

water soaked and more or less damaged.
he Bopi River runs ee high mountains, syed ear
of ascent. The bad rapids begin when one is about two-thirds

and the river bed is filled with huge ae which make the entire

journey decidedly dangerous. The men who navigate the rafts

are Indians, called balseros, and they are ee lly strong and
i i At s

no more profitable way of spending a season than for a party to
properly equipped for iia upon themselves and a eee
systematically in this regio:

The conditions of ene along this river vary greatly at
different points and this variation is of the greatest interest.

but these collections cannot be characteristic, because they had
to be made near the stream, where the full effects of the aridity
did not manifest rhemselves. It is to be noted that even in the

107

ee which were verdant, the percentage of plants in flower
not large. All things ere therefore, I should say that

our allen uous ore ie five percent of the
species that were within aha as we trave
At Huacht we were obliged to remain oe ten days, while

into bloom, and keep our driers almost fully
occupied. It rather notable that each day brought new plants
into bloom in the localities visited the bef

energetic a Persevering : in ns a a while were made

erhaps

the most notable piece of work performed at this place was ae
o bark.

the Le that peel them, but the causes

bark and pou eons s ae identical trees. One of them

Coto and another the genuine Para-Coto.

The species yielding the spurious bark were found to be closely

similar to those yielding the genuine ones, so that it appears
e

bee
accidental! os on the part of collectors. I believe that the result

mountains and through difficult Ha exposed both by night
T .

ect abou
ieee a flora of the lower Bopi. I — intended 6 go much

108

farther up than I did, and anticipated great results from the
excursion, but in this was greatly disappointed. One of my com-
anions was attacked with a severe remittent fever, immediately
after which he developed a large abscess in ee arm pit. His
condition was rather serious and pene ning, so that we were
obliged to encamp an give us calinagwe conditions for safety.

time I I suffer was
almost completely ncapacitated Nevertheless, I did, with much
discomfort, keep my driers ete almost to full capacity and
sa ed many interesting ped

may be remarke:

re I have ever ect red. There were many deer, wild hogs
of two species, tapirs and cornejos, besides a great abundance
and variety of large, edible birds, hen known as pabas, meaning
turkeys.

uch of our time while on the lower Bopi was devoted to
studying the economic elements of the flora and the studies of
our Rollecion | in this ean will doubtless form the sub-

bamboos, the hollow joints of which contain water. This water
being vaporized by the heat, Poueends of explosions resulted,
producing

The Beni, below Huachi, being free from impediments, we
travelled with callapos comprised of three rafts, and were less

rey oute [
precluded collecting until after the Andes had been passed.
the present occasion, we were still faced by adverse seasonal

109

conditions, almost all of the plants being in the transitional
state between fruiting and flowering. Six days’ journey carried
us through the last half of the Andes and landed us at Rurren-

years ago the place was twice as large, as to population ai
business, as at present, the a of the rubber industry being

until the en ear, making many i t excursions to
other localities. Here again Dr. White was exceptionally active
He returned up the river and ascended side streams a: ed

portance. He also visited Tumupasa and Ixiamas and made
Dope tute Wiatea. ack iby Mr.

the botanical student sent by the Minister of Instruction of
Bolivia to secure instruction in field work
During this period, my lameness had so increased that it was

rio

sported under full exposure to the tropi ae rain, or else ay must
have been ipsa in such a way that in water.
On opening them in New York, it was evident that the packages
had been watersoaked ee weeks. Everything was done to di
them out and save them, but they had suffered a great deal of
damage

IIo

The flora of the region under discussion is so diverse that little

nt.
preserved in formaldehyde for our Economic aaah Since
ache ud only! be peseweas a glass j Hee _ which our supply was

very sparing amounts,
a it we have enough to furnish a ee Sie to Dr. Oake:

lo)
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p
ot
@
ia]
p
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&

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ie
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7

entific sade ee least oo species of Caaren oa there found
which had yi bark.
Heed eae is te river port by which access is given to the town

of Reyes, eight leagues in the interior. At ime of my fo
visit, there o such ports, renabaque
being at one angle of an almost equilateral triangle with Rurr
abaque and the town of Reyes, at th angles. In the
meantime, the river has so changed its course as to leave the lower
ort, Sal iles rom the present channel of the river.
In planning for this journey of exploration, great hopes had
been entertained of the results of a jou to little known

shores and on the road between it and Reyes y disappointment
was inexpressible on finding the seaso t
bey 01 f getting the early spring vegetation well

A careful examination of the young plants showed that our col-

III

lections in flower did not ha epaat more than one in twenty of
could SI

were obliged to cut short our stay and return to Rurrenabaque
a very small botanical harvest.

The flora of this region possesses features of great phytographi-

cal interest, of aes aia was learne ed to entitle the subject

icati
Before w ill reach Ge Beni again, my health had gane
sO poor, Me my capacity for action so ae that I fea

at the foot of the lowest of the falls of the Madeira. I therefore

bade adieu to my companions and dropped down the river on a

raft until I encountered the little Bolivian Government launch

Beni, which carried me to the town of Riberalta near the upper-
Ss.

3
Q
7
ct
2
baal
o

Before leaving Rurrenabaque, careful arrangements — made
for the continuation of the field work of the party. While at
Canyamina, I had granted the request of the Bolivian Minister of

es
specialized a ieee and Mr. Lopez in entomology.
proved them

streams entering it. In this way, our botanical collecting was
continued for a c ene time after my departure.

At Candeleria, 1 was informed that my condition would not
justify returning to the party or engaging in any farther field

112

work after their arrival at that point. I therefore decided to
return to New York after making all possible arrangements for
the sol ss success of the party on their way down the river.
yy down the Madeira, I was much impressed with a
extent of the industry of Brazil-nut collecting. Many stops wer
made by our small steamer, by night . well as by day, for anges
hundreds of tons of these nuts which largely constituted our cargo.

barrel kept for the purpose and then thrown into the hold
H. H. Russy

SOME EDIBLE CUP-FUNGI.

The fungi have been used as articles of food since ancient
times. Not only are their food values known to man but some
of the lower animals are ames cntrely — upon odes.
species which form their st:
as essential to sae existence as a se is to the ‘people of

relan ly

wel
paths prepared for this ae the work often continuing until
the tree is ane an
Within the ee are cut into small bits which are

produces enlarged growths, the ek of ihe vounchee — is eaten
by the ants. It is claimed that t abnormal
and are brought about by some iimlenown aie process.
This and several ee species of ants have thus not only dis-

ushroom growers.

JouRNAL OF THE New York BoranicaL GARDEN PLATE 274

MoRCHELLA ESCULENTA
PEZIZA BADIA

113

o far as man is concerned, the edible fungi belong to one of
the two large groups, the basidiomycetes and the ascomycetes.
The fungi most frequently collected for culin ay. purposes belong
to the former and I mushroom,
Agaricus campestris; the shaggy mane, Coprinus comatus; the
beef steak fungus, Fistulina hepatica; and the common puffballs,

_ this big of fungus, probably the chief of aoa at the

cted

and consequently oa to the ‘nepal eater.
he second large gr the
most valuable edible ts but are ach less ee en-

t

which naturally on account of their subterranean habits are
seldom seen except by those who find them by accident or who
search for tl wit id of trained animals, pigs or dogs.

he: the ai
This group has been discussed in an earlier number of the
JOURNAL,
A number of the cup-fungi while perhaps less valuable than

of diet. The ae oD: -fungi are again divided into two

groups, th d the true cup-fungus, so named because

the form of the ie ting bodies which are often decidedly
The for:

and Helvella or Gyromitra, this type of fungus being p
with a stem and head or cap. Of these, Morchella esoulenie
(plate 274) is the commonest and most widely use
the common morel and on account of the numerous pits in t a

it often occurs a month earlier. Of twenty three specimens
examined in our collections, nineteen lected in the m

*Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 19: 307. 1918.

114

of May and the remainder in April. Of those collected in April,
hi

one was fr Washington state a o from ama where
the season is earlier. In the northern states th an
sionally occur during the latter part o ril here are several

eso similar that it is not easy to separate them with
certainty.
e mycelium of the above species is apparently perennial, as
t

a exposed for sale by grocers as they are in foreign
countri

*Trans. Indiana Hort. Soc. 1893: 63. 1894.

115

e the fruiting season of the morel is short, they could
be collected and dried for future use, thus making use of the
excess Crop. In Europe they are often strung and hung in
festoons in the houses, much the same method as used in drying
apples in early days.

All of the species of Morchella are edible, not one of them
having even been under suspicion, so that it is not necessary
The following directi

the stevie being essential, since they are rather inclined to
toughness.

The species of Helvella which differ from Morchella in that

the cap is smooth or folded into brain-like convolutions are also

dible although some of them are under suspicion and are thought

Na be slightly LS raasen when old, and should therefore be

ndled with a little aution
te e true cup-fungi are on Gequendy used as food than the
morels. While most, if not all, of the species are edible, many of

plants may be experimented with without especial danger.
AVER.

116

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

The dahlia border for 1922 occupies the same ground as last

was succeede eavy rains which were not altogether fav-
ble for newly planted roots, but, for dahlias once above the
d, ap f rai ms desirable and at the date of

se
of good results. The border this year includes 833 plants, re-
representing 475 varieties. Among the new exhibitors are Wm.
. Jost of New Haven, Conn., and Wm. H. Waite of Rumson,
N. J., who have coneabured prize-winning novelties of 1921,
and Dr. L. Hosford Abel of White Plains, New York, who won
several first prizes in amateur classes at the annual exhibition
of the American Dahlia Society held in New York last September.
r. J. J. Broomall of Eagle Rock, California, has sent his best
Spars for 1922 and Mr. Wm. J. Matheson of Huntington,
N. Y., through his superintendent, Mr. James Kirby, has, as
usual, been a most generous contributor.

mils 2 May: The total eins for the
was 5.54 in The maximum temperatures one. a
each week were as follows: 81° on = and, 88° on the roth, 82° |
on the 21st and 88° on the z6th. The eee temperatures
were: 36° on the Ist, 44° on the 13th, 46° on the 17th and 43°
on the 28th.

Meteorology for June: me total precipitation for the month
was 8.43 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each
h n t

24th and 8814° on the30th. The minimum temperatures were:
63° on the 7th and on the 8th, 50° om the 13th, 58° on the 24th,
and 58° on the 27th

van Slogteren, a plant pathologist of Lisse, Holland,
visited the Garden on June 2. He represented the bulb growers
of Holland at the recent conference in Washington where bulb
diseases and restricted importation were discussed.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Murry Guggenheim
Fritz Achelis J. Horace Harding
Edward D. Adams Montgomery Hare
Charles Pe Peon Edward S. Harkness
Vincent rof. R. A. e:
John W. anes J. Amory Haskell
George = ae A. Havemeyer
Stephen . Heckscher

Henry os ae Baldwin ee P. Sarena
Edmund L. Baylies ernhard Hoff:

Prof. Charles P. Berkey tne M. hinted
Eugene P. Bicknel apa Re in

Dr.
Walter a ‘redutie S

George S. Brewster H. Kahn

Prof. N. L. Britton piel jae F. Kemp
Prof. Edw. S. Bur Darwin P. Kingsley
Dr. Nicholas M. big Edw. V. Z. Lan

Prof. W. H. Carpe r. Albert R. Ledoux
Prof. C. F. eg Prof. Frederic S. Lee
Hon. W. A. Clark olph Lewisoh:

C. A. Coffin Kenneth K. re gay
Marin Le Brun Cooper Le Boe Mac

am D. Cravath ar L. see
James W. Cromwell = = a nea

Charles Deering George McAne:
Dr. Walter Mendelson

James B. gto!

Henry W. De Forest J. Pierpont Morgan
Robert ape hid Dr. Lewis R. Morris
Prof. W. J. Frederic R. Newbold
Daniel tee ricinn C. D. Norton

Members of the Women’s
Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Mrs. Robert Bacon s. Delancey Kane
Miss Elizabeth Billings © Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean
Mrs. N. L. Britton rs. Gustav E. Kissel

egie Mrs. A.A. Low
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey
Mrs. A. fee Hepburn
Mrs. Robert

C. Hil
Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. becie e D. Pratt

Eben E. aa

Prof. Hen F Ontior orn
Chas. Eatieas Pack
Henry Phipps

. R. Pierson
James R. Pitcher

Ogden Mills Reid
Pr Richards
fot D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevel
Prof. H. H. Rusby
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre
Mortim hi

Frederick Strauss

F. K. Sturgis

B. B. Thayer

Sates Thompson
W. att ompson

Dr. W.G weed oes
Geeteiie! #8 ‘Winth

Auxiliary
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. Cabot War

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser
Mrs, John I. Kane Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

1. Benefactors

The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift

or by bequest shall entitle fe contnGuede to be a benefactor of the Garden,
2. Patrons

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden.
3. seve sit Life

The concribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at an:

one time shall entitle the eateaeler to a a fellow for life of the Garden.
4. Fellowship Members

Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for

life when their payments aggregate $1000.00.
5. Sustaining Members

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become

fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00.
6. Annual era:

ua! members pay an annual fee of $10
Ail ei are entitled to the following pateeel:

1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of ee

2 pa to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Boar

Man:

3. A copy Oe all handbooks published hi ih Garden.

6. Privileges of the Board Roo
7. Life Members

Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00

Information
mbers are invited to ask any questions they het to have answered
wee nical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members

HONE the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Mahan Building
at 3 o’cloc!
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of........++

Vol. XXIII September, 1922 No. 273

JOURNAL

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS
PAGE
The Botanical Fountain of Youth................. ee cece eee cece cence 117
MIEIPIPICPCENINCHS LULZ). craic cic t ve ve dicodend cblesuedeGhes dencucercesisep ess 133
Notes, News and Comment Pee

PricE $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A COPY

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
y Ss LANCA R, PA

ATS

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1922
PrEsipNst—W. GILMAN THOMPSON

AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

Poe VD. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
OBERT W. De FOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY gle ne FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
m expires January, 1925
HENRY De FOREST Seat paride EWISOHN
PAUL D. CRAVATH RINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WHENIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE oe OF THE City oF New York
ON. JOHN F. HYLAN

THE ms OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
ae SCIENTIFIC seygpiels
ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm

EUGENE P. BICKNELL PR OF. FREDERICS S. LEE

DR. NICHOLAS Re BUTLER HON. GEOR E J. RYAN

EEE: WILLIAM J. GIE PROF. RBERT M. RICHARDS
ROF. JAMES F. Kemp PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRI eee Rs canst (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director fAdmi ministration) E
DR. JOHN Ke SMALL, Head Curator of the M: useums Come ing Plants) ‘
DR. W. A. RRI

DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering beri
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curat or (Flowerless arin
ROBERT = WILLIAMS, aaa trative Assista:

WILSON, Associate Curator
JAMES A. CRAWF ORD, TAG suee Corie
OUT, , Director of the
DR. JOHN, HENDLEY ge ep ‘Bibope phe
NTON re Gar
RLOW, a
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of that BED omic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary poet fs Mosses
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobota

an i
(0) I
ARTHUR | J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings pe a Gren

JouRNAL OF THE New York BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 275

In pinewoods near Saint Joseph's Bay, Florida.—A bush of the “Chap-
man-honeysuckle” as Rhododendron Chapmanii is locally known. This
species is a true evergreen rhododendr is our
in the southern Coastal Plain and at sea-level. It appears to be a relic

JOURNAL

€ OF

The New York. Botanical Garden

VoL, XXII September, 1922 No. 273

THE BOTANICAL FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH
A REcoRD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN APRIL 1920
With Plates 275 and 276
Designated Snag en nd of the Fountain of Youth—by

the aborigines of the West Indies in pre jan times, it
seéms almost the present day traveler in Florida as if the
country had drunk of her own rejuvenating wa She is old
She is young. land to lure the expeditioner centuries ago, s.

Is nd scinating t lorer and i tigator to
She is still fruitful of things unrecorde is is so, especially
the investigator ens a botanist h

territory, botanically, is still terra inc s
hen th niards were still calling her not Bimini, but Salvagio?
Sav. : Id Ponce de Leon’s name,

Florida,? was a happy accident. For ‘ Florida” a is, as if
we would call her “the beflowered.”
Ra ‘on the map the State hes a romantic flavor. This is

1 Name use ed by the West Indian natives to designate a land ga to the
Nort! them—doubtless Florida—where a fountain, whose waters would
confer perpetual youth, existed. ter the discovery of. the New World by
Columbus, the Florida peninsula \ was marked Bimini on some of the early
ma
: * Mor re than half a century before the New World became known thr ‘ough

e 0 nr

and I in Mar (Bahamas). Doubtless some mariner, driven westward by
storms, ae sighted these parts of the Western Hemisphere early in the fif-
teenth c
3So d by Ponce de Leon because he discovered the land on Easter—
Pascua ner of the Spanish.
117

118

rnished by her rich and varied eee Thus t

“a

as Itc esassa, or, better yet, the name of 7 other river,
the Teen tchee. But, to even up, t es that
were e sequent white man were, in turn, impos

to t This is evidenced, for example, b lebrated
river 5 e, whicl doubtless the best the to e

it from the Saint John’s River w. empties into the Atlantic
No fewer than iwenty Christian saints, with their titles prefixed,
4 rated xe geography of Florida S are

T general observations were forcibly impressed on us
during an itinerary of more than two thousand miles on land and
over five hundred miles on water during the writer’s exploration
in Florida in April, 1920.

The two main magnets of this trip were middle Florida and
peninsular Florida. Middle Florida, in a general way, is the
part of northern Florida that lies between the Apalachicola
River and the Suwanee. Peninsular Florida is th eat

tongue of land which esends — and separates the Gulf
of Mexico from the Atlantic Oce

a
®

e ‘m
plumose on account of the myriads of nascent bu Not even
was that usual eas er of spring, the skunk- ren (Spa-
eriee in evider

orough w ee of the cold winter was particularly etal
in i total lack of greenery as far south as Maryland. Even

119

the numerous well-kept lawns barely showed the advent of their
green carpet. In the low a green being absent, the most
conspicuous elements in the landscape were the pale-barked
beech-trees and the dark- sees oaks.

The outlook for spring appeared more encouraging in Virginia.

significance of two een in the red-maple is a problem asain:
solution by som

The alder Cine was blooming, but it was two months later
than in this locality the preceding year. The rolling hills of

hammocks of the Carolinas should have been gay with bright-

with its pale gold bells. Conifers were blooming—the cypress
(Taxodium) in the swamps, and the pines (Pinus) on the hill-
sides.

Georgia ener a see more advanced vegetable life. The
plum family stood out mently, represented by the wild-
plum Game eran as white flowers, the semi-cultivated

copiously decorated with the red-bud (Cercis canadensis), and
in wet places pitcher-plants (Sarracenia), and in high grounds
tansy-mustard (Sophia) flourished. Variou us oaks were in bloom

id
silhouetted against the black-purple clouds of an approaching
cyclone, in a most beautiful lacework.
The bark of the trees in southern Georgia and in northern
Florida attracted our attention. It was almost universally gray,
a sombre gray like that of the often accompanying Florida-moss
(Dendropaen. They are not only gray, but rough. Now, in
rthern regions and in the tropics, southern Florida included,
we re find a variety of smooth, often highly colored barks—another

120

problem, as to the significance and reasons, still to be worked
out.

eavy rains in the uplands had changed the rivers into streams
resembling ochre paint as they transported the products of

erosion to the coast. Many miles of the soft-floored flood plains
of rivers were submerg The necessity of the buttressed
iis common to t of the hardwood trees in this region was

vident d plain, even the trees of Elliott's pine
(Pinus Elliottii) had buttressed trunks—a phenomenon we have
never noticed elsewhere

NORTHERN FLORIDA

Northern Florida was more suggestive of spring time and dis-
played an almost normal amount of green foliage. The culti-
vated pear trees were in bloom or just i

I
(Bradleia). ‘in full flower marked the sites of old homesteads,
Bot h i i i

flowered wild azalea (Azalea oo The high pinelands

ciation of the native fl ° i nt of cultivating specimens
of the needle-palm (Rhaphidophyllum) in their front ya
termittent train-service de us for at River

tively speaki. the a ither
furnish light; yet we fared better than did Asa Gray, at the same
place nearly fifty years ago, when on ‘‘A Pilgrimage to Torreya.

1See American Agriculturist 262. 1885.

121
The following day which could have been used to advantage

devoted to watching a steady and heavy rain, the edge of the
storm that so seriously devastated parts of Georgia and Alabama
on the same day.
ening we set out for the Gulf coast with quite different
oc

hapman, for over sixty years a resident of that part of Florida,
wrote to Doctor Torrey from Quincy in 1840, as follows:

u will recollect that I am on the frontier and the Indians
t id the

hold undisturbed possession of th y between me an

! meda rhomboidialis and Rhododendron punc-
tatu w there, but it is as as my neck is worth to
ve do Ithough parts of this county have bee
ettlad si 1825 ae no white perso a te pag ee has
ever Shades that nown regio n imagine my
anxi o plant the: ene of F ae in ale. eae t of those

Two oe later he wrote from Rocky Comfort near Quincy
the follow!

“Last summer I went down into the lower part a this county
to get some of the Rhodendron punctatum. The whole country
is a perfect wilderness pilaty deep swamps and dry sand a

lternate rode to on

ho I am.
pale ae in eolleciae: Slants oar in a climate so suley, northern

122
dees ‘chee not complain if we place great value on our

sts cae the a between River Junction and Apala-
chicola by rail. Even at this late date there is no highway
aie oe eee and - north, and the only
way to reach the town by wagon or by motor car is to go south
from herons . oe Saint Joe, ie eastward to Apala-
chicola.

The woods of the irregularly eroded, often steep hills south of
River Junction, were well covered with both foliage and flowers.
There were tender hues of green almost equal in number to the
different kinds of shrubs and hea and they were all lively

en

ry ago.
The streams meandering al ases of the hills were lined
with thickets ot haw mes a plums (Prunus), both with
white flower

Seneie a away from the river and the hills, we entered the flat

It was this region similar ones both east and west of Apala-
chicola ate oe hes planters from the Atlantic States
ver Here and there, there remained a
screen ee pines, ree most of ne former pine th had long
ago been cut away to make vast fields. t is there now may
be second growth. The herbaceous flora was nearly if not just
Ss scant as 1 a conspicuous plants, such as

f
ae aan (Kregia) and violets (Viola), were in evi-

ye ation was je in the night, and we were now near
the main object of o ursion, namely, Rhododendron Chap-
manii, the Pisdudecaven ae nctatum of the Chapman letters
quoted on a preceding page.

The next morning we sought the cooperation of Miss Winifred
Kimball, who was an associate of the discoverer of the Rhodo-

driver was willing to devote a day to botanical exploration and
! Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 164 and 165. 1920.

123

set out for Port Saint Joe, which lies twenty-odd miles west of
B b

It is, consequently, devoid of oysters which abound in all the

r bays, even in the adjacent ones.
Befo ore we reached. Port Saint Joe, a town of recent establish-
f

yu was completely wipe in 1841 after a
series of storms and epidemics of cholera, small-pox, etc. Today
ot a chimney, wall, or plant of place remains he only

bricks of a peculiar size and shape—probably imported—which
were evidently laid around the bases of tree-trunks as was cus-
tomary n o!d gardens

Strange as it may seem, Saint Joseph’s was the southern ter-
minus of the second railroad operated in America. It extended
from Wewahitchka to the Gulf. The operation of this railroad
cme ane —— but the road-bed is there, just as good as it

any y'
ae Saint Teor s, het was, our party was reinforced by Mrs.

exist. This cemetery is in the midst of the pinewoods, an
nearby, the ‘‘Chapman-honeysuckle,” as the Rhedodendron is
locally called, is known to have been recently growing in abund-
ance. However, thorough search failed to reveal it. Forest
fires had perhaps exterminated it in this region.

After continuing our search about two miles further north the
object of our desire came into view, scattered here and there in

the pinewoods
Several cold spells during the late winter - a drought had
worked to our advantage, and at a much later date ot the

usual oe season, we found the shrub in full bloom
Now, this b is not an Azalea, as the local aa name
would sadicate, but it is a true Rhododendron, an evergreen

124

growing at sea-level near the Gulf Coast. Its nearest native
i ho

seem to indicate that it is a remnant of a former and different
general ioe of eet tae of oe Une: e land doubtless
once had a , different climate

and a different flora from that now existing here: There are

Florida-yew (Taxus floridana), and croomia (Croomia pauctflora)
—all endemic species—all genera now far separated from any
closely iia associates

The ‘Chap: a noneveudile® is an ornamental shrub of the
fl

an aug of on pinelands and onan a wine
bloomer, thi arub will no doubt t
Florida where in the season when such a plant is needed, we have
heretofore been unable to secure one. Specimens have been
transplanted to reservations in southern oo and their be-
havior is being watcred with much inte
e more tempered climate of the Gulf + region gave more of

derworts (Utricularia), St. Petersworts (Ascyrum), blue-eyed
sium).

cks were also floriferous. And there
in the pinelands and one in the hammocks that
eclipsed all other blooming things. The former was a herbaceous

Sasa esata att at aint tae dee ha aad Sslees Se ee Sheree srs cies. Po eraunarinda eld Skala Sater
jo sseur papsuez e& sdojaaap ojdurexa doy uinjd- -noasid ay} afiga ‘oqurt-oquin3 ayy yt sassaiyinq pra dooxap
ouseur an PUE PULTEWe]-PpiM ayy

Jaquad ay} yNoge saw YOGA (VgusDWIS wHIayd OF) 221} OUT|-OquIN’ yuRIs Y—epo,y ‘hay urydiung uQ

942 FLV Ig

NAGUV) IWIINVLOG NYOA MIN FHL JO TWNUNOL

125

mint or | abiate—Conradina canescens—which is confined to the
ile Bay to Tampa B

times calle ckwheat-tree on account of the fruits which
resemble buckwhea’ t umber of individuals this vastly
outranks its dy associates. It flowers before the new leaves

less myriads, not only of white flowers, but of flower-clusters,
like banks and hills of snow.

Associated with the titi, but quite insignificant, is a southern
willow (Salzx longipes) seen here in flower by us for the first
time. It gives quite a different impression from the willow of

li

s now active, both superterranean and subte ex-
cursion planned for the es had to be deferred for lack
of time i anny r comprises the section of the
hipola River ere, sometime ago, the bottom fell out, and
the region is still sinki The trees that once stood on
river ban the neighboring swamps ar ing more and

more submerged, some of them not only still standing up under
the water, but stil! festooned with their streamers of Florida-
moss (Dendropogon).

is whole vast country—for sixty years the home of Doctor
A. W. Chapman, in his time the most active botanist of the
South, is stil practically eee one During the

yielde Wg and sc
of new species, many of them of oe oe and
interest.

With all this in mind we were loath to leave Apalachicola, but
early in the morning after we had secured our prize, the Chapman
honeysuckle, we embarked on the “Crescent City” for Carra-

126

belle, an old port which is situated about twenty-five miles east
of Apalachicola on Saint George's Bay. Thence we went b
rail to the eastern coast by way of Tallahassee and Jacksonville.

Carrabelle is built on some hills of

(Quercus), noth marks of the ‘‘scrub,”’ were present and in flower.
More lowly plants—golden asters (Chrysopsis), butterworts
(Pinguicula) and Conradina were plentiful, and titi was ever
nt in low situations.
a a the — extensive stretches of denuded lands
me into vie The elevated regions reminded us of the
ens of the I iam es especially when saw-grass (Mariscus),
marshes, and hammocks were included in the landscapes, except
that the ee in this case were on the lower grounds instead
of on the higher, as they are in the Everglades.
Not all this region looked utterly forlorn. Some areas long

owth of pine there a ve of oaks. The lower
stretches were being forested more rapidly than the higher, ap-
parently for the reason that they were naturally less frequently
fire-swept.

The water in pools and ditches was often hidden by a copious
growth of duckweed (Lemna), water- age oe eae and
pipeworts (Eriocaulon). In striking co’ most

(Sabal minor) and the saw-palmetto oe rere): The
cabbage-tree (Sabal Palmetto), h ich situations
in the peninsula, was wanting. This palm is rare in northern

rew'’s Bay, ies st of where we foun e “ pman-
honeysuckle.” O ould expect to find the cabbage-tree
urther west on the Gulf coast, just as it occurs further no
the Atlantic coast. However, the not situated so as to

weather conditions in the winter. It is not until we reach

127

oe ae ni a cabbage-tree (Sabal texana) again appears
he Gulf

Down THE EASTERN COAST

Just twenty-three hours after mene ee on the
Gulf coast, ie entered Daytona on t
H h

owever, before actually starting southward we crossed the
Halifax ‘River (Lagoon) to the coastal sand-dunes for further
es in os strand-flora of that Tegicn

brilliant ; green. The foliage of the dense, woody vegetation tae
i i . Shrub:

crushing down the trees so that they are unable to grow upright
—
spruce- pine (Pinus clausa) there and southward through-
havi

common name, spruce-pin
As a result Coe in the sand-dunes for building
ighways, we had a glimpse of the habits of the roots in that

drainage for the meee water coe the numerous roots of all the
plants, especially the woody ones, even of the smaller kinds,
“go to great lengths,”’ peat on the higher dunes, to reac
tabl

e.

These dunes, along with the entire strand flora of the eastern
coast of Florida, should be made the subject of a special mono-
graph at an early dat Large stretches of dune-formation,
both at the north and at the south, have already been destroyed,

128

not only as to vegetation, but also topography. At the
present tate of development the whole stretch of that unique
strand will lose its original condition.

Driving through Daytona on our way southward, we were
struck by three ideas, one of regret, the others of satisfaction.
i ded in 18 i i

g
This town, foun , had originally bee mi ra
settlement of the etween one and two centuries old
omoka; but through the selfishness or narrow-mindedness of
some one the nam soon been changed to the less euphonious

one it still bears.
But there are two points to be thankful for. As someone has

propriate shrubs and trees TeO he resi
use of many native plants for their landscaping, and particularly
prominent is the native coontie (Zamia umbrosa), i use:

s.
This plant is robust and healthy in nature, and cultivation

The hammocks on the shell mounds near Port Oman y ae
another prickly-pear (Opuntia) not before found by us. This wa:
a bushy plant with numerous deep-green, ee joints ak
were armed with pale, solitary or paired spines and bore rather
slender fruits.

On the floor of the hammock in the dense shade, where in the
winter the wild-pepper ae ahs cumulicola) grows to the ex-

baceous

however, were the nascent flowering stalks for the coming season
ecember

We pushed on to New Smyrna, where we called on Professor
H. C. Beardslee! and cared for specimens we collected in the

‘Henry Curtis Beardslee was born 28 September 1865, at Painesville,

129

— region. Then we continued southward, eae
the way, as far as Cocoa. ere we crossed the on—
ae River—to Merritt’ s Island.
This island is one of the larger, if not the largest island in
Florida. Its position, too, is unique. In the later geologic

st.
the shrubs and trees typical of oa. and doubt-

mor
the mainland shore on account of the protection from cold from
the west afforded by the Indian River

Ohio. He isa si f the Henry Curtis Beardslee (1807-1884) who was the
author of a HC taleeue of the plants of Ohio” (1874) and was a contributor

eserve Un 18
University at Cleveland, on and for plea years senior master of the
Asheville School in North Carolina. For many years he has been known as
a collector of fungi, especially those of North Carolina = Ohio, and par-
ticularly the Agaricaceae. e has spent portions of recent bea on the
eastern coast of Florida studying fungii—John Hendley be har!

130

We are inclined to consider the southern elements of the

ee hide is recorded on a eee
erous, flowering herbaceo’
evidence. Two golden-rods (Solidago) were plentiful. Blue was
i i ine (Lupi

esen
bena), and epiderwort (Trades entta): Drummond’s ay
primrose harms, hed reblog ivel
But th lant was the smallest, i.e. a little erin
(Crotolaria). In it the stems arise from a woody-fleshy root,
w

wn
o
=
°
=
a
bat
a
©
‘og
us}
_
a

except on close inspection.

and,
ae and growing on various rough-barked trees. ‘Never ioe

After we returned to ee eee and continued southwar
rain storms became freque We consequently made all ee
haste toward our ae pete gathering, however, what-
ever specimens we could find along

2 pious of The New York sarees paneer i 1918
Habitat or environment in this e lack o nourishment and lack of
five le a profound difference in de tbe of a cactus. It resembled a
slender snake-cactus (Silenicereus) in habit more than a Harrisia. After
two ye cultivati n the Deering cactus plantation at Buena Vista,
Florida, unde! conditions a: other e f Harrisia, it

gradually assumed the characteristic vegetative habit of — genus, and this
ear—May
originally diecovened. near Fort Pierce, Florida.

131

' Arriving at Miami we established our field headquarters in
the laboratory building of the Plant Introduction Garden of the
United Stat oe of Agriculture. Thence we made
excursions ne and ne:
A CRUISE TO THE KEys
In eee to Rhododendron and cactus, palms were one of
major objects—one palm of Soy distribution (Pseudo-
oe) and one of the mainland (Paurotis).
irty-odd years ago, in 1886, a acini new to the flora of the
United States was discovered on Elliott’s ry and later in the
same year on Long Key*®. It was the ho bage palm, so-called
because the pith a the stems which a bounds in sugar is used for
feeding hogs in the West Indies. We visited both the islands

of seedling plants, the n al growth of this palm is ex-
ceptionally slo e Pp. is apparently nearly extinct on
this d. It was doubtless plentiful there not long ago, but

supply of royal-palms (Roystonea regia) began to fail the palm
peddlers, they fell back on the hog-cabbage palm and sold it far
and near to the pease for the royal-palm. Thus the
original grove on Long Key has been greatly depleted, if not
exterminated.

We noticed places where the sand had been disturbed some
time in the past. These were doubtless spots from which palms

2 See Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 33-43. 1922.

132

had been removed. As late as December 1919, on upper Mate-
cumbe Key, we found a plantation of young ‘‘royal-palms,’’
really hog- cabbage palms, plants not long previously brought
from Long Key.!

However, before daa iat the species extinct in the ham-
mocks of Long Key we will make another search for specimens
at the earliest ce aa

The demand for royal-paims seems to have been greater than
the supply for some time past, for several years ago one or more
cargoes of well grown trees of the hog-cabbage palm were brought
from the Bahamas, where the plant is plentiful on some ead
and sold to the inhabitants of Miami for the royal-pa

On the day of our arrival at Long Key we searched the ham-
mock until dusk, when we moved the ‘Barbee

exploring the most elevated islands of the Florida Reef—
Umbrella Key and Plantation Key

As the day continued stormy, we moved northeastward as
far as Pumpkin Key and in the lee of it we anchored for the
night. The following forenoon was devoted to hammocks of

! Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 214. 1921.

133

Pumpkin Key. There the form of prickly- apple, 80 far as we
Ow fl

natural grafts, fae an extraordinary case was observed on Royal
Palm Hammock a few months previous. We had the satis-

ana of the reef. Later in the day we returned to Buena Vista,

g been successful in our quest for palms on Elliott’s Key
aie a on Long Key.
(To be continued.)

AUTUMN LECTURES, 1922

The following illustrated lectures will be delivered in the
lecture hall of the museum building on Saturday and Sunday
afternoons at four o'clock during September and a part of
October. These will be followed by four lectures on Saturday
afternoons at 3:15 o'clock in conservatory range 2.

Sept. 2. “The Method of Seed Dispersal” .Dr. H. A. Gleason

”

7

Sept. 16. ‘‘Some Greenhouse Plants: as they Ocean in as
Dr. Rusby

Sept.17. ‘Useful Birds in Our Gardens and poe
eee acres
Sept. 23. ‘‘Dahlias and their Culture’ . M.A.
(Exhibition of Dahlias, Sept. : 23 an e 24)

Sept. 24. ‘Wild Flowers and Their Insect Visitors”

Prof. O. P. Medsger

134

Sept. 30. ‘Botanical Travels in Mexico—I1I”’. Dr. W. A. Murrill
Oct. 1. “The Forest and the Paper Industry”
Dr.

H. P. Baker
Oct. 7. “Historic Gardens” .... Prof. J. W. Harshberger
Oct. 8. “Botanical Travel as eden”’..Dr. W. A. Murrill
Oct. 14. ‘Some Plants Having Attractive oe

K, R. Boynton

Oct. 15. ‘The Newer Knowledge of <= Values”
rof. H. C. Sherman

The museum building is reached by the Harlem Division of
the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical
Garden station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the Third
Avenue Elevat ed Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx Park.

e
New York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th
Street for eosstowii trolley, transferring north at Third Avenue.

GREENHOUSE LECTURES

Free public lectures will be delivered in the central display
ahaa conservatory range 2, Saturday afternoons at 3:15,
as follow

Oct. 21. sci ae Medicinal aaa of South
.H. HL Rusby

Oct. 28. ia “That Have Tiel eal ar in the
History of Botan .Dr. W. A. Murrill

Nov. 4. ‘Australian and New Pealane. Plants Adapted to
Cool Greenhouses”... ....... r. K. R. Boynton

Nov. 11. oe ans Bulbs and How to Force Them for
the Home” 25) cass daeevaade Dr. M. A. Howe

Conservatory range 2 is situated at the eastern side of the
Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue entrance. It
is most conveniently reached from the Allerton Avenue station
on the White Plains Extension of the subway from East 180th
Street. Visitors coming by train to Beane Garden station
should inquire at the museum building.

135
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Meteorolog : ad July: The total precipitation for the month
was 7.09 in The maximum temperatures recorded for
h week were as follows: 86° on the 8th, 92° on the 13th, 92° on

ie 18th and 88° on the 24th. The minimum temperatures were:
° on the 6th, 58° on the 15th, 61° on the 21st and 57° on th esolh.

The small wooden bridge across the Bronx River in the upper

be replaced by a modern stone affair will still find an agreeable
subject for their skill.

. E. van Slogteren, a plant pathologist of eae Holland,
visited the Garden on June 2. He represented th e bulb growers
of Holland at the recent conference in Washington where bulb
diseases and restricted importation were discussed.

The New York Botanical Garden, in cooperation with the
Horticultural Society of New York, held an exhibition of gladi-
olus in the museum building on Saturday and Sunday, August
19th and 20th, from ro A.M. till 5 P.M. There wasa beautiful
display of these popular flowers in many varieties. At the time
of the show many of the visitors also inspected the Garden plan-
tation of gladiolus at ay horticultural grounds where some 200

Varieties were in blo

Dr. Kilpatrick's class in nature- agai: inspected portions
of the grounds on June 3 under the lance of a member of
the staff. The members were eee interested in the new
rock garden and iris garden

Prof. John W. Harshberger with a class of thirteen students
in aN trom Cold Spring Harbor, paid the Garden a visit
on July

Dr. A. B. Stout of the Garden staff spent the latter part of

136

July at Presque Isle, Maine, continuing studies on seed steri-
lity of varieties of the — potato in cooperation with the
Bureau of Plant Industr

he annual f the summer session of Columbia

University was made August 3. The party inspected the mu-

seum, conservatories, flower gardens, and natural! forest under
e guidance of members of the Garden sta:

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Murry Guggenheim Eben E. Olcott
Fritz Achelis J. Horace Harding Prof Henry F. Osborn
Edward D. Adams J. Montgomery Hare Chas. Lathrop Pack
Charles B. pum Edward S. Harkness ae thesis
Vincent Asto: Prof. R. A. Harper BR:
John W. aiihiincloes J. Amory Haskell ahi ne riches
George F. =a T. A. Havemeyer Ira A. Place
Stephen Bak A. Heckscher Hon. Anning S. Prall
Henry de Forest ens ae i Hennessey Charles F. Rand
Edmund L. Bay d Hoffmann eae ae Reid
Prof. Clases E ete Ronee Mt. Huntington . Richards
ee P. ee re Iselin ae a pene
C. K. G. Billin: r. Walter B. James W. Emlen Roosevel
George See Water B. Jennings Prof. H. H. Rusby
George S. Brewster Otto H. Kahn re Reginald H. a

rof. Britton a James F. Kemp rtimer L. Sch
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess arwin P. Kingsley pie R enue
Dr. Nicholas M. Butle Edw. V. Z. Lane Henry A. Siebrecht
Prof. W. H. Carpenter Dr. Albert R. Ledoux William Sloane
Prof. C. F. Chandler meer Frederic S. Lee Valentine P. Snyder
Hon. W. A. Clark dolph Lewisohn Louis C. Tiffany
C. A. Coffin eee K. Mackenzie ae me Bbbede
MarinLe Brun Cooper _ V. Everit Macy Warburg

aul D. Cravath Edgar L. Marston ane eel
James W. Cromwell W. J. Matheson H. H. Westinghouse
aes Deering George McAneny Bronson Winthrop

v. Dr. H. M. Denslow Dr. Walter Mendelson James Speyer
ae H. Dodge John L. Merrill Frederick Strauss
Samuel W. Fairchild Ogden Mills F. K. Sturg:
William B. O. Field Hon. Ogden L. Mills Bid,
James B. Ford Barrington Moore Charles G. Thompso:
Henry W. De Forest 1 segs Morgan W. Boyce Thompson
ae W. De sii Dr. Lewis R. Morris Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
. Gie Fr cone. R. a bold Grenville L. Winthrop

= aad Paeeercin C. D. Nort

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish Johnson Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. William A. a
Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Hamilton F.Kean Mrs. James neces

rs. N. L. Britton Mrs. mt E. Kissel Mrs. Benson B. Slo:
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. A A. Low Mrs. Theron G. Since
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. Vv. Been t Macy Mrs. Edw. T. H. Talmage
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn Mrs. Henry Marquand Mrs. Henry O. Taylor
Mrs. Robert C. Hill Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. W. G. Thompson

Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. George D. Pratt Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas. A. S ser Mrs. F. F. Thompson
Mrs. John I. Kane Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members

and Life Members

be Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by a
or by bequest shall entitle the cence to be a benefactor of the Garden
2. Patrons
e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by poets shall entitle he contributor to be a patron of the Garden.
3. Fellows for Life
he concribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.
4, mip ets Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments eee $1000.00.
5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to anes oo annually and become
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.
6. Annual ear
unua{f members pay an annual fee of $10
All members are entitled to the following setless
. Tickets to all lectures given under the aie of the Board of Managers.
f either ae to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Manager:

oH

. A copy ie all handbooks published by a Garden.
A copy of all annual reports and Bulletin:

opy of the monthly Journal.

Privileges of the Board Room.

7. Life Members

Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00

DAES
>

Information

ers are invited to ask any jpeaeiets they desire to have answered
on Beeuiea or horticultural apn Doc will accompany any members

through the grounds and buildings any au res leaving Museum Building
at 3 o'clock.
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.........-

t

_ XXIII October, 1922 No. 274
Ree ctober, We

JOURNAL

CF

‘The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS
PAGE
Wild Flowers Needing Protection 137
_ The Botanical Fountain of Youth (:ontinued 139
Preliminary Rep:ri of pe eo ping with sane Co} (9 NET rs Gee Oe hea 155
Notes, kee 158
Accessions 159

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

Viner Pale FOR ae CARDEN
AT 8 WE Ss
eae Printinc Company

OFFICERS, 1922
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON

ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SecreTary—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. De FOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N.L. BRITTON LE RUT aE MORTS
HENRY, W. De FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWB
NV. J. MATHESON W. ar LMAN SHOMESON
Term expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWIS eu ie
PAUL PD. CRAVATH BARRINGTON M
JOSEPH P. HENNcSSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Mayor OF THE City oF NEw YorRK
ON. Hee F. HYLAN
THE Ah es OF T EPARTMENT OF PurLic PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC aes

ROF. R. A. HARPER, Cha
EUGENE P BICTI NEL PROF EREDERIC S. Ee
DR NICHOL AS MURRAY BUTLER HON. GEORGE J. RYA
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIESt PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Byer in-Chief (Development, Administration)

ILSON, Assoctate vali
0 z

RAH H. ie Wi Librarian

10H N UI
RS. GROE SSBECK, Clrek and Accounta
AR’ run fs CORBETE. Superintendent of Buildings ane ‘Grout

JOURNAL OF tH New YorK BoTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 277

Mar yt :
GREAT LAUREL

Rhododendron Maximum L.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIIT October, 1922 No. 274

WILD FLOWERS NEEDING PROTECTION!
14. Great Laurel or Rose Bay (Rhododendron maximum L.)
(With plate 277)

This is the tallest of our native rhododendrons, as its specific
refers to

a
the mountains of Pennsylvani d Virginia. I uthern
relative, R. Caiawbiense, is abundant on al
e€ ame to that summit, from the deep eile pink

color of its flowers. Both these Pel grow readily from seed

ns.
Still, car-loads are often shipped to dealers from the southern
states, and their valuable wood and decorative masses of ever-
t Illustrated by the aid of the Stokes Fund for the Preservation of Nativ
plants.
137

138

green foliage render them still more liable to depredation in

other countries. Still others are too tender to be grown except
in green-houses. Some few of the evergreen species are fragrant

rich and sumptuous genus. The accompanying illustration is
of a plant grown at the New York Botanical rden
. G. Briton

139

THE BOTANICAL FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH

A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN APRIL 1920
(Continued, with plates 278 and 279)
A Detour Across THE PENINSULA

About one year after the hog-cabbage palm was discovered
on the eastern coast of Florida, another palm new to the flora

cently abandoned or long neglected were great natural nurseries

of ragweed (Ambrosia) rare careless (Acnida), propagating their
kind by the dispersal of their numerous seed

e purple panicles 7 the hound” S- ae (Trilisa), so

d

he numer
the spatter-dock (Nymphaea), the water-lily (Castalia) and the
floating-heart (Nymphoides)—the latter furnishing, in habit,

pale-yellow bracts and spikes of the aquatic queen’s-root (Still-
ingia) grew in solid borders.

In the lower pine woods there were purple flowers in addition
to the thistle—pine-hyacinth (Viorna), marsh-pink (Sabbatia),
and prairie-pink (Lygodesmia). But eae ee were in the
preponderance, in kind as well as in num Ther re yellow-
eyed grass (Xyris), alum-root (Aletris), ie (Polyect a), St.
John’s-wort (Hypericum), St. Peter -
wort (Utricularia), tickseed (Coreopsis), and sneezeweed (Hel-
enium). Pink was the color of the flowers of the two shrubs then
blooming in the higher pinelands, namely, the fetter-bush (Des-

i4o0

mothamnus) and the more conspicuous tat-flower or flycatcher
(Befaria), a shrub worthy of cultivation, for both as an orna-
mental and cut as a flower it is of the first order. It is the only
Bea 7 hag ses outside of Mexico, Central America

and norther: rica. Occasional clumps of cocoa-plum
(Ceara pee nous) extended the known geographic
distribution of this species many miles northward.

nee to the Hungry Land? slough which in the

lying west of Jupiter, was indicated by the oe ee number

(Pistia), which seems to be absent from Hungry Land, filled
the ditches which were oe with both species of cat-tail.

After meandering many miles over the old ie ah trail
on rs

tall, igniting singly and in groups, appeared as giant torches
all over the prairie

The fire had not at this time reached the hammock on the
shore of Lake Okeechobee, but it had on other occasions.
standing and fallen giant trees and the tall cypress knees
the humus burned away from beneath them furnished Bess
evidences of this effect.

The guava (Psidium) is thoroughly naturalized in the old
and new clearings of this lake hammock and in some places the
shrubs and small trees form almost impenetrable thickets.
The southern-elder (Sambucus)—a veritable weed in some parts

1See Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 22: 56. i921.

141

of southern Florida—is taking possession of large areas in the
burned hammock, and it might even be isa ani a ae

weed.”’ However, whether considered a weed or not, it is
beautiful plant and bears a profusion of white Heel and ee
black fruits the year roun

We reached Okeechobee Giy in time to spend the night there;
then we pushed on at dawn, across the Kissimmee River, and
so to the Indian Prairie.

At the eastern edge of this region we had planned to take
a trail leading to the southwest and to Venus. However, the
eastern part of the prairie was, to a great extent, under water
and we missed the trail. We continued southward many miles
before we found another trail leading westward.

Spring had come to the prairies. On the higher ground many

while on the right the numerous purple flowers of the
pimpernel (Ilysanthes grandiflora) would almost hide the ground.
Wet depressions would frequently be creamy with an abundance
of the hedge-hyssop (Gratiola ramosicr).

When finally Venus was overtaken we found she had become
twins—one on the trail and another on th agus extended
railroad. But our see naa in the ighborhood
was an ancient peal mou nd fee we made

almost invariably where the soi as cae disturbed. course,
it is perhaps centuries since the earth of the mound was stirred
by the aborigines, but ae ae have made excavations
there within the present generation.

Having accomplished our work here, we next tacked back

142

in the direction of the colony of Palmdale, through open pine-
woods and prairies. The enticing hammocks bordering Fisheat-
ing Creek were visible on the horizon toward the west. They
were doubly conspicuous on account of the high greens of the
new foliage.

The most striking phenomenon along the trail itself was the

trees in the vicini 1 the prairies two low
shrubs of very distantly related pla milies grew scatte
here an are the widely distributed heath fetter-

and a pawpaw (Asimina) with large white liquorice-scented

ers.
crossed Fisheating Creek near Palmdale. The water of
was then completely hidden by a growth of water-
ae eaeihel that had developed in less than a year’s
time, for when we last crossed there the stream was free of any

visible plant growt
he was now eee, and hastening on to Fort Myers

with the butterfly-orchid Gaal with its large panicles
of red-brown. flowers.
e found a barge to take us across the inlet which separates

f Caxa
or springs. The settlement is situated on Caxambas Island

143

about midway between the settlement of Marco, by land, and
Cape Romano by water. e cape is a point of much interest
botanically, but as yet it it ae —

angrove swamps w.
are c usly supplied with prickly-pears (Opuntia) and dildoe
(Acanthocereus), both of which thrive in the high tide. After
the swamps it follows the contours of low sand hills and runs
through a plain-like region in the middle of the island where we
were surprised to find a large area of
larger characteristic shrubs. The rosemary (Ceratiola) gave off
its heath-like aroma and was just about the same shade of green
as its almost invariable associate, the spruce-pine (Pinus clausa).
One surprise after another confronted us. One of the major
ones was the several ranges of immense rolling sand-dunes com-
prising Caxambas Island on some of which the settlement of
Caxambas is located. And hereabouts there are shell-middens

most attractive collecting pounds: The hills nearer the water
were clothed with hammock which was made almost impene-

ppor ique
theta are eae pe were small, while shrubs that are usually
small and inconspicuous were large.
The gopher-apple Canales was particularly a ee
and extensively distributed by its underground s his

then in flower. The fruits must furnish a ay and welcome
supply of food for the native animals of the island.
Aside from these miniature forests of re apple, there

144

were three conspicuous ground covers. Two of them were
vines, the uscadine grape (Maseidinea), the other a
catbrier (Smilax). Both attained an unusua iant de-
velopment and cov large areas he dunes to the exclusion
of nearly all other vegetation. T. ground-cover was a
prickly-pear, a species of uncertain relationshi th
of this cactus, too, was exceptiona he quantities and the

and we reached Marco just as it broke. For a time it seemed as
if the mend would blow the settlement off the isla:
ing, and we crossed to the mainland for an attempt to

Pp
lecting the plants then in bloom and then labored back to
Fort Myers

re we stopped long enough for lunch and then set out for

low scrub, prairies, pinelands, and ponds. No part of the region
seems higher than another
Finally the old seplement of Punta Gorda! was reached.

Jofinitel

Punta Gorda , by a Kentuckian,
a Catone Trabul. The settlement was first called Trabul, but es By post

blished it was changed to dies Gorda which in English
signifies broad po i idently, to the cape-like projestion - land
where the estuary a Pease River and Charlotte Harbor me

squnsy wed ay) Aq ul paouay ‘sued ur pue ‘aiqioj st ‘arsyerd Buipunosins ay} jo yey} ayuN ‘ros ay, “yoReq3
ay? SaAeay ay} pue ‘Jany puv [eLazeuw [BANjONI}s VY. ysiusny syUNIZ sy “MU-EY-OJ-MBYD SEI ay YM (onauyog
{gogy) varjy-aBeqqes ayy jo ApWsou YIN] are syrye pL ay saanqonsys ayy ‘swsey pue ay} s1aqjeys

yeanjeu asoayy uy “yoowwey sasz-aseqquo & UL 9Be]IA UPIPU] UY—‘saqoysaayO axe] yo jk aca uBIpuy uO

géz aLVIg NaGUVD TWOINVLOG NYO, MAGN IHL 40 IvNaaos

145

This town is situated on the estuary of the Pease River. It was
settled long ago. Its re antiquity is evidenced by the
i :

We had Gavcled care an from the Caloosahatchee
d

h
(Cephalanthus). The banks on streams furnished us with ripe
blackberries on trailing vines.

Many kinds

0
turkey-vulture which was nearly everywhere in large flocks.
No turkey-buzzards, which are more common in most parts of
the State, were ae

After a night at Arcadia we continued up the Pease River.
There the turkey-oak Oiea. Catesbaei) appeared on ie hills,
while the pines still forested the flat lands. In some places
south of Zolfo Springs, the Serer (D endropogon) draped

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e
vegetation was that of the hammocks in which the new and
copious foliage was twined with several kinds of shrubs and trees
in flower.

A few miles west of Avon Park there is an abrupt change in

146

the topography of the land, and also in the vegetation. Ries
h th

wi
paws (Asimina), with large floppy white flowers, milkweeds
(Asclepias), with bright-red flowers, prickly-pears (Opuntia),
with bright yellow flowers, and lupines ae with sky-blue
flowers suddenly attracted our attention

At on

conspired to bring spring to a climax. Herbs and shrubs were in
bloom everywhere.
Not fewer than twenty-odd kinds of sei plants could

be gathered within the area of a square rod, and associated with
them were about half as many woody plant
The large-flowered pawpa as ow-pla: the s

aso

The many stems of the bushes, with their half-grown leaves,

were usually a hidden by the long wands of white or creamy-
white blossom

e least conspicuous shrub was pygmy hawthorn or white-

shrub was only about a foot tall, but it was neither in flower nor
in fruit.
The woody plants in flower and most in evidence, aside from

d arry
light-pink flowers, and fetterbush (Desmothamnus nitidus), often
half vine-like, with bright-pink urn-shaped flowers.

Two herbaceous plants, purely American types, growing both
in the pinelands and in the

edge of t
distribution lies far west of the Mississippi Valley. These

147

sissies belong to rather closely related plant families. The
one was am.

dreds of kinds of Eviogonum in the West.

to be deferred for another year. That hi is different from
the territory to the on Perhaps it is more interesting,
perhaps less. However, judging f nd t

it doubtless has mmethiie | in ‘store to engage our attention

ove dditio e of the
plants previously geiiiles in that ee Visits to that unique

ascended the western slope of a broad sand plateau and at
Sebring we descended the eastern slope. The descent consists,
so to speak, of bounding over several eae ridges clothed with
a highly specialized ea and landing at the bottom of the
last eastward ridge in the flatwoods with their rather common-
place vegetation.

A short survey on one of the sand- face of the eastern slope
brought us unexpected results. The bushes of the scrub-plum

ul

as many as fifty stems. The lower part of each stem is densely
clothed with bright-green fleshy club- woes leaves, ee the
upper part is dense inflorescence with b

148

parts of which are tipped with yellow. Only part of the plant,

to a foot and a half tall. Fortunately, we found the plant in

upper part of the stems were the most conspicuous floral feature
on the hills.

The stream which marks the eastern edge of the sandhills
was bordered with dense thickets of dogwood (Svida) and black-
berries (Rubus) in bloom. Thence a long stretch of pinewoods

with only a few i ee eee plants i in bloom finally gave place,

eastward, to the Istokpoga Prairie.

The vegetation of the prairie had fully recovered from the
fires that were raging on it the last time we crossed (M ay 1909)
and cattle were wea: nearly everywhere. The virgin hammock

as we passed eae it and the Kissimmee River. Our plans

f
collecting of specimens ceased. We pushed on to Okeechobee

Early the following morning we set out southward for Miami.

149

The forenoon, however, was devoted to the region about Rio
and to the Herman hammock, where we searched in vain, for
wild plants of Opuntia leucotricha, a cactus native in Mexico,
that was naturalized there ae a century ago. Although we

s

r
saint’ s garden, found wild in the

3
x.
5
og
e
a
ial

hammock several y:
The Florida oe ax ae floridana) which covers the

Henn equaling the involucre, and Emelia coccinea, with large

brown, magenta, and yellow Its discovery makes the fourth
species of Oncidium for Florida.
Many observations were made ong the cacti. All the

specimens of the prickly-apples (Harrisiay introduced the year
before, flowered, as well as the various kinds of prickly-pears
(Opuntia), and valuable observations were recorded for future
use.
The most noteworthy: plant among the prickly pears, as to
discovered on Big Pine Key

yh
flowers proved to be all compared to the size of the ae

150

The corolla is a crimson- -like structure and the sepals and petals

nt dinary
‘“Joint,’’ and does not fall away as the Geo bical flowers do
in the typical prickly-pears.
A CRUISE TO THE SAINT Lucie RIVERS

The last week in the field was devoted to an inland cruise.
It was not a fresh-water cruise, however, but a salt-water one.

inland w that connects New York
ee’’ was put into commission again and we sailed
ing u Bay Biscayne into the mouth of the

through pinelands ie prairies. The course is not monotonous
as might be imagined. It is a panorama of everchanging contour,

n e places the red-mangrove eae alone was in
view. In other places, associated with the red-mangrove, was
th ite-mangrove (Laguncularia), the k-mangrove (Avi-
cennia), and the buttonwood (Conocarpus), all with different
shades of gr ‘o the association of es was afterw
added an entanglement of the stout woody coin-vine (Dalbergia),
which climbed to the tops of the tallest trees and w! con-

c e ex oth A
islands th leather- ae (deri or the hammock-mallow
(Malae te) vied with the coin-vine in rankness of growth, the
result being an ir barrier that could be passed only
by actually cutting a way through the vegetation.

15t

Associated with the vegetation nearly everywhere was the
wild-rubbervine arg aes which lent variety to the
landscape in the morning by its numerous immaculate flowers,
just as the moonvine ae in its eae range, only on a smaller
scale.

As we proceeded northward, when the vegetation bordering

Id be

segregated e mangroves, the white-mangrove, and th
lack-mangrove, often formed almost re colonies. Where
th nal been dredged through prairie-like areas with

the tree has sprung up from seeds in various parts
of the

The eee pine (Casuarina) was noticed at various
points along or near the canal, where the seeds had been carried
by winds or tides, just as it was self-sown along the wild southern
coast of the penuinsula.

New River Sound still exhibited a wealth of shades of green,
not equale d elsewhere, and, in addition the young foliage of

the native century-plants (Agave) and the Spanish-bayonets
(Yucca) ea their inflorescences a above the dense growth
of the hard-wood trees and shru
Netieaed the swamps and ees often a Lees
ar

al banks or sh
area et (Opuntia), wild-sage (Lantana), sea-oxeye (Bor-
richia), sunflower (Helianthus), and flaveria (Flaveria).

152

In some of the palm groves the cabbage-trees served as gr
arbors for vines of grape (Vitis), Virginia-creeper (Partheno-
n couple i

speculation. These banks of sand exhibited methods of seed

dispersal by animals, both birds on mammals, and also by air

currents, ina For example,

we found the silver-palm (Coccothrinax rae planted by
bank

River. Now, the vegetation of the canal embankments has come
there since the banks were thrown up about 1908. Of cones to
begin with they were barren piles of sand. Within

yy few years they have become clothed with herbs, shrubs, and

The silver-palm is on the embankments and maar

the natural development of this tender palm, but th ering
effect of the canal, lagoons, and marshes, although slight, may
e sufficient to en e palm growing directly on the banks

banks, but it has been derived rom the immediate region.

invasion of southern palms extends almost up to Lake Worth.

“syoowUey,
uO puke , ‘qnios,, pue spurjaurd ul sMmo13 y] ‘SOA vaT AloY}ea] [JeUIS SMOJaUNU YILA qnays

uaarBiaaa Surso13-moy ® st uoljsanb ul wniuisova 8y3 ‘saysng Aisaqanjq uszayziou ano axU_), *o-yI0]-0-joL, Aaraq
an]q 24) Seo UeIpuy sy, “714A ay) puke UeW-pal ay} YI0q Aq IYBNos Ajsadea st sajtessak py weneusz9DA yO WAY ay,
‘uoltpedxa Suryoid-Arsaqan(q ev uo—Ajnuey Jaenjg aYyI—sajouNUag—-saqoyrsayxQ sxe] Jo SAM ativelg uIP] UO

6Lz BIVIg NAGUVS) TVIINVLOG HYOA MAN FHL 40 IWNUNOL

153

Passing from birds to mammals, we found that where ham-
mocks were within a mile, more or | on either side of the

mocks to the canal as water alter having a the fruits in the
hammock. T:

trees of this category. When the neighboring hammocks were

only on one side of the canal these trees were only on the corres-

ponding ee where there were no hammocks nearby the trees

were wantin:

he wind- iciabaead plants growing on these sand-banks

ost prominently represented by the ee bushes

uchea

we
age of water. We sailed Pace as islands of water-

of the former natural surface of the land and the base of the

artificial bank.

The first night out we anchored in the southern end of Lake

Worth. Th osquito band from the nearby Hypoluxo—not
d an

of the “scrub” sees were destitute of spruce-pine, a conditi n

growth of p :
unobstructedly over the gradually sloping dunes, have brought
about an abnormal! development of the pine trees, spreading

154

: ae out, as previously noted in aaa with other growths.
he lagoon through which we passed, this forest, with its
new eee resembled a vast A cropped lawn of a vivid

gre
Noone of Jupiter, Hobe Sound was the next region of
interest. This represents a case where “history repeats itself.’’

ot.
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r ultimate objective was the Saint Lucie River region.
We stopped at Rio and aves i Mr. L. H. Toussaint at Mt.
Pisg This high sand dun s at one tim e the lookout of the

shrubs, and there secured the game that would come in to graze
and browse.
We spent part of a day exploring the Halpatyoke River, on
r

to the eastern coast. There, one of our woody plants (Randia
aculeaia), heretofore known only as a shrub, grew as a small
ree.

The second night out we anchored in the Saint Lucie Estuary

155

companions, who believe to this day that he actually selected
the anchor to sleep on for fear the mosquitoes would carry him
away.

Part of a day was devoted to the North Fork of the Saint
Lucie. This and the Halpatyoke ver pias at Stuart, but ae

glans along each of th A “wild pecan’
d been reported as growing along the North Fork; it proved
. be the water-hickory (Hicoria aquatica), and this is perhaps

the southern limit of its distribution along the eastern coast of

a.

On the return trip we gathered living specimens of silver-
palms, aa and other plants for growing at Buena Vista and
: ; h

in our conservatories br two silver-palms to th
arden and one still survives. If it thrives, it will represent
the first specimen, from Florida so s we know, that

been grown under glass, at least from transplanted specimens,
as the plants are very hard to transplant successfully.
Jonn K. SMALL

PRELIMINARY Bes OF INVESTIGATIONS WITH
ECIES OF LILIUM

Dr. N. L. EON Director-in- Chief.
Sir

r
For several years J have m ade observations on the propaga-
ed

these plants obtaining some definite results of which a prelimin-
ary report may now be made with regard to the main objects
in view.

. Cultural requirements. One object of the studies is to de-
termine the cultural needs of the different species'and parti-

156

cularly of those otherwise desirable species which do not seem
to thrive under average garden conditions. Mrs. Fox is giving

d that si a

intervarietal crossing. In order to secure seed of any species of

ilium it is necessary to rene plants that are either self-compati-
ible or cross-compati

Other types of cane have been observed such as intersexes
in L. croceum and impote: ie ecu! from hybridity in L.
Batemanniae. A rather ee — of the types
and ae extent 2 sterilities in all the spec!

I. Hybridization. Many crosses fees cats and be-

tween seh species have been made with the hope of

157

securing new varieties of merit. Thus far the successful species
t be

seed thus obtained is
limitations and possibilities throughout the genus of hybridi-
zation are being tested as fully as is possible

IV. The growth ee seedlings. Already several thousand seed-

eing painted by s Eaton and numerous photogr. ace are
ing mad

Piles lan for 1922-1923 embraces the purchase of bulbs of
merous varieties for the extension and continuation of the
various studies under way. Efforts are also being made to

158

obtain bulbs * wild plants particularly of the European and
Asiatic specie
Respectfully submitted,
A.B

. B. Stout,
Director of the Laboratories

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Leave of absence for nine months gene with September
15, 1922, has been granted to Dr. A. B. Stout, of the Garden
Staff who will spend the period in southern California | in studies
of citrus fruits. A special investigation will be made of sterility

and seminar work on problems of plant breeding and crop

production.

The following visiting botanists have enrolled in the library
$' H

Williamsburg, Va., L. J. Pessin, ‘Agticuliral College, Miss.,
James P. Kelly, State College, Pa., Mr. G. O. Ocfemia, oe
Banos, P. L, Prof. A. L. oe Mexico, Mex., and Prof. I.
B. Pole Evans: Pretoria, S. Afric:

Meteorology for August. ane total precipitation for the month
as 2.20 inche E atures recorded for

and 85° on a ees and 23rd. The eee paaeare:

159

ACCESSIONS
MUSEUM AND HERBARIUM
4 specimens of flowering plants from the Gila National Forest. (By
eae with the Forest Service.)
I specimen of Cyperus brunneus from Barbados. (By exchange with
Prof. L. H. Bailey.
I specimen of Pogonia ophioglossoides brachypoda. (By exchange with
ie University.)
specimens of marine algae from Mauritius. (By exchange with Mr. J.
een Melvill.)
Pp

4 specimens of Hepaticae from New England. (By exchange with Miss
Annie Lorenz -)

(by onal Museum.)
‘0 Rico (Colle lected Dr. and ae N.L. Britton.)
specimen of annie multifida from Vermont. (Given by Miss Elsie
M. Kittredge.)
eins of algae from Bermuda, (Given by Dr. H. H. lea
45 specimens of marine algae from Porto Rico. (Given by Mr.
ardon.)

¢

p (By exchange with the U. S. National Mu-

im.
3 specimens of Radicula palustris from Connecticut. (By exchange with
ie Rural New Yorker.

specimen of Tetraclea Coulteri from Texas. (By exchange with Miss
Elen D. Sc hulz )

q

plants from Massachusetts. (By exchange with

Harvard University.)
5 specimen Ss of Riccia from Texas. (Given Prot. F. ee
p Rea tet with Prof. S. M. Zeller.
p f fungi f French Guiana. (By exchange with Mr. W. :
Broadway,
20 specimens ‘Fungi Wisconsinensis Exsiccati.'’ (Distributed by Dr.
J. J. Davis.)

1specimen of Mycena varicolor from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Dr.
L. O. Overholts.
600 specimens ‘‘Reliquiae Farlowianae."’ (By exchange with Harvard
elas
specimens ‘‘ North American pee centuries 26 & 27. (Dis-
tributed by Mrs Elam: Bartholom
Ven

teh the Gmitt

Gian (By exchange
Institution.)

15 specimens of Pezizella Lythri from North America. (By exchange with
Drs. C. L. Shear & B. O. Dodge.

I yagi of Nectria tucumanensis from Costa Rica. (By exchange with
Prof. W. W. lee.)

I Sead of R laria fraxinec fi Wisconsin. (By exchange with Dr.
J. J. Davis.)

160

I specimen of oe sterquilinus from Pennsylvania. (By exchange
with Dr. oe O. Overh ts.)

of Sri, South C: 1

(By exchange
with an U. "Ss. Department of ese icultur ae

I specimen of Pseudoplectania nigrella from Virginia. (By exchange with
Dr. E. G. Arzberger.

1 specimen of Sclerotinia Geranii from New York. (Collected by Dr. F.
J. Seaver.

3 specimens of fungi from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. 0.
Overholts.)

37 specimens ae hei ee ts North America. (By exchange with
the U. S. Department of Agr: re.)

4 specimens of nee fungi ee hte (By exchange with Dr. R. P.
Burke.)

PLANTS AND SEEDS

3 plants for iris garden (given by Mr. Arthur H. Scott)

3 plants for conservatories a by Mrs. F. A. Cons

32 plants from Florida (collected by Dr. J. K. Small).

1 plant of Stenochlaena from de (collected by Mr. C. A. Mosier).
2 plants of Iris prismatica from N. J. (collected ee ae J. K. Small).
9 plants for di lee rN on).

cted by Dr. N.
2 plants of Helonias bullata (collected by Dr. A. qT. = als).
3 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Mr. Albertson through Dr.

38 pen gan for Saale (by exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum
rough Dr. J. N.
7 i for nurseries ‘oy xchan nge with Mr. Chas. C. Deam).
I plant of Tradescant pe ee an (by exchange with U.S. Dept. Agri.
thr iT.
2 plants of Opuntia : (by exchange with Dr. E. T. Wherry).
11 orchids (by exchange with Mr. Jos. A. Manda).
2 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Mr. W. C. Ferguson).
6 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Mr. C. Le Duc).
1 plant for conservatories (by exchange with ee College of Kansas).
9 plants of Hymen ocallis (by exchange with a rleston Museum).
3 plants of Begonia for xchange with F. R. Pierson Co.).
35 plants for conservatories (by exchange with Dr. Houghton).
I plant of Clerodendron (by exchange Mee r. S. S, Hordes).

ee Caan bulbs (given Mr.

33 bulbs of ulaied tylis (by exchange with Mr. Geo. L. Fisher),
3 ne ts fro

4 packets of a ae Mexico (given by Prof. Juan Balme).

}

Dr. Robert Abbe

Murry Guggenheim

J. Horace Harding

J. Montgomery Hare

Edward S. Harkness —
arper

Fritz Achelis

Edward D. Adams
Charles B. anata

Vincent Ast Prof. R. A. Harpe
John W. Auchincto J. Amory Haskell
George F. Bak A. Havemeyer

Stephen Baker
cane - he ain Joseph P. Hennessey
L. Bay

Edm ernhard Hoffmann
Prof a P. cane Real Huntington
Eugene P. Bicknell Adrian Iseli

G. Billings Dr. Walter B. James
eaiee Blumenthal Walter B. ee
George S. Brewster Otto H
Prof. N. L. Britton Prof. jsea r. Kemp
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess Darwin P. Rangeley

i Edw. V. Z. Lan

ae Gs Fr handler
Hon. W. as Clark
A. Coffi

Cc. Kenneth K. Mackenzie
Marin Le ae Cooper ‘VV. Everit Mac
aul D. Cravath Edgar L. Marston
James W. Cromwell W. J. Mathe
Charles Deering George McA
Rey. Dr. H. M. Denslow Dr. Walter ets
Cleveland H. Dodge John L. Merri
amuel W. Fairchild Ogden Mills
William B. O. Fiel Hon. Ogden L. Mills
s B. Ford ington Moor
Henry W. De Forest J. Pierpont Morgan
Dr. Lewis R. Morris

Prof. W. J. Gies
Daniel Guggenheim

Frederic R. Newbold

Members of the Corporation

CED; Pa

Eben E, Ole

Prof. Henry = Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack

Ira A. Eines

John D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt
Prof. H. H. Rusby
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre
Mortimer L. Schiff
Albert R. Shattuck
Henry A. Siebrecht
Valentine P. Snyder

est tin ey

. Sturgis
B. B. Thayer
Charles G. Thompson
B isin

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Grenville L. Winthro

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs.George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish Johnson
Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Delancey Kane
Miss Elizabeth Billings © Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean
Mrs. N. L. Britton Mrs. rong E. Kissel
. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. A. A. Low

Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. = Everit ae
Mrs. A Barton Hepburn Mrs. Henry Marquand
Mrs. Robert C. Hill Mrs. George W. aren
Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. George D. Pratt

Mrs. Pa Pratt
Mrs. William A. Read
Mrs. ene es eal
Mrs. Benson B. Slo:
Mrs. Theron G. ‘ae

Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Silat eas Mrs. Jas. A. Ser: nae
Mrs. John I. Kan Miss ee E. P. Stok

Mrs. F, F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

ee Benefactors
contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or a. Ce shall Sane. fe contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons
e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or ‘te a shall entitle i JENS: the to be a patron of the Garden.

3. Fellows for Life
The contribution of f1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.01

5. Sustaining Member:
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 an and become
raises 1or life when their payments aggregate $1000
6. Annual velar
ea ee pay an annual fee of $10.
All m s are entitled to the flows oaiiede
iG ee to all lectures given under the auspices mae the Board of Managers.
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers.
3. A copy of all handbooks oul by a Garden.
4. A copy of all annual reports and Bullet ‘
5. A copy of the monthly Toe
6. pastes of the Board Room. 4

7. Life Members i
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00.

Information
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to a anne
on botanical or heaters canis, Docents will accompany a

mbers
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Muscuet Building
at 3 o'clock.
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1361, the sum of.....

eeeeeevee

Vol. XXIII Noweenber, 1922 No. 275

JOURNAL

CF

[The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
Rk. S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS
The Blue Stem 161
Botanical ae, oe Central America 168
Notes, News and Comment. 175
Plant and pak peeuions 176

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy

Puriisnep FoR THE GARDEN
AIS West KING STREET, LaNCasTER, Pa.
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING CuMrany

OFFICERS, 1922
PRESIDENT—W. aon THOMPSON
Y W. DeFOREST
Vick-PRESIDENTS ee PPE DEERE S. LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT TREASURER-—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SecreTARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D. ADAMS OHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. De FOREST . P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY W. De FOREST ore et R. NEWBOI.D
W. J. MATHESON W. GIL N THOMPSON
rm expires LP iets ae
ENRY pate BALDWIN tee sa el et ae
PAUL D. CRA GTON
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE S THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE Negra ae THE City oF NEw York
N. JOHN F. HYLAN
TuE ER o ei OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuRLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC vas ava:
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chaz
EUGENE P BICKNELL PROF. F REDERIC e Nea 3
DR. NICHOLAS gen ae BUTLER HON. GEORGE J.R
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIESt PROF. HERBERT Mr ‘RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. EMD PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. 1. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants
DR. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor af Public Instruction

DBERG, Curator (Flowering Plant
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants)
R. FRED J. SEAVER, apes (Flowerless ni t
ROBERT S. WILLI S, Administrative ae 7)
-ERCY WI SON, Associate Cura

KE} NNETH 1 R. BIYNTON . Head Gard,

DR. HW. RU ll gnneet Curator of the Economic Crees
ELIZ: oe qt mM t RITTON, HWenarary Curator of M
Neate HOL LICK, Puleabotanist
i tr I W, Honorary Custodian
COL. a Wl Ties 1, Museu Ca
JO INR BRIN CBee Lands nantes
Dake k eS ERO ESBECK, Clrek and Accoun

AR’ rule if “CORBET T, Superintendent of Buildings ine ‘Gromit

aeee EEN TPO! ta
luyed- . : . Wy] jo duems 34} uy

ogz a1e[g NAGUV IVSINVLOG MYOA MAN AHL JO TyNuNOf

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII November, 1922 No. 275

THE BLUE-STEM —SABAL MINOR
With plate 280

t is an ae fact that this, the most humble of our
the first one to te botanically named and described. On ac-
it did not get such extensive recognition as its showier relatives: in

pe.
Perhaps the earliest definite references to this dwarf-palmetto
occur in a work which appeared in 1765, under the following
title:

“Aw Account oF East FLORIDA; WITH A JOURNAL KEPT BY
JoHN BarTRAM, OF PHILADELPHIA, BOTANIST TO HIS MAJESTY
FOR THE FLonmas, UPON A JOURNEY FROM St. AUGUSTINE UP
TO THE RIVER St. Jouns. LONDON 1765.”

“Chamaerops humilis Linn. Spec. 1657—-Dwarf- saan

the

judged to bea anes kind henween the sand and the swamp.’
the small palmetto or chamaerops yields a
small white ‘bud no “larget than one’s oe which is eaten by
men, bears, and horses in case of g eed;
; we camped on a pa banka on the back
of w. hich was a and dwarf- anes on chamaerops;
here we cooked a fine mess of palm-cabbag:
e three quoted paragraphs are from the above cited work by William
Stork, pages 7 (reprint a 20 (reprint 43), 23 (reprint 45), eas
The reprint was issued from the office of The Florida Mirror, Fernand:
Florida, 1881,
161

162

ving specimens of the dwarf-palmetto, as this palm is also

aie found their way to Europe abou middle of the
eighteenth ce Plants or seeds ma’ e been sent across
the Atlantic from the southern states by Mark Catesby, Thomas

r B ere are ni ny prominent

and described it in the third volume of the s Botanicus
Vindobonensis, in 1 he description ae m p
eight of nd a colored pl s ee t. Jac-

of the specimen Jacquin says:
“Th

Isewhere first i r before 1773 in the
Imperial Schéenbrunn Garden, cultivated there by th per-
intendent Richard de an excellent gardener an

companion at one time on my American journey for the purpose
2

ozen years later the plade was named again, this time in
America. Thomas Walter? named it Corphya pumila in his
1 Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin belonged to a wealthy Dutch family of French
origin, and was born at Leyden, 16 February 1727. He studied at Antwerp,
Louvain, Leyden ; _ Paris, and in 1752 went to Nienna to complete his
Francis I

commissioned him to conduct an expe edition to tropical America on

natural history museum of Vienna. He set sail in January 1755, and did
F : ‘

and portions of the north coast of South vents After spending several

enn: essor
and chemistry in the university. He retired from his professorship in 1796,
: conti ,

at the age of ninety, at Vienna, 26 October 1817.—John Hendley Barnhart.
2Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis 3: 8. pl. 8. 1776.
§Thomas Walter was born in England about 1740, and settled in South
Carolina as a planter i ly life. His “Flora caroliniana” (1788) is astonish_

163

ie = Carolina in 1788.1 Just after the a of the
last century, John Drayton,? a resident of South Carolina,
refer ae to the plant as follows: MDwalt olmetto (Corypha
pumila) grows in swampy land, which is generally dry; situated
at the head of fresh water set, in the low country. It also
grows on the Sea Islands.

Fifteen years passed, a our little received another
name. André Michaux‘ in apres it in 18035 gave it the
name of Chamaerops acaulis. At this roi . we must go back

ing when considered as the work of a solitary student it in an isolated field,

2 John baie wa! 2 ne meee leston, South Caroli
e was only twelve years old at the pies of his father, then chief justice
ft He studied law, an admitted to -one,
saaaene g n y in Charleston until 1794. He was a member o}
e state constitutional convention in 1790, and thereafter, for more than
thirty years, - was a ost continuously in public service. ome years
f tk 1799, lieutenant-

governor; from 1800 to 1802, governor; from 1803 to 1808, state senator;
in 1809 and 1810, governor for a second term; and from 1812 until his death
in 1822, judge of the United States oa for the district of South Carolina.

He died at Charleston, 27 November, 22. His book entitled oA view of
South Carolina bl
plants of the state. His most impor tant botanical work, however, was never
published; it was an English translation of Walter's “Flora Colnaaa
with additions from Walter’s original memorandum book and other sources.
Two copies of this manuscript, one dated 1798, the other ee are preserve
in South Cacti libraries. —.

: w outh Carolina 66.

4André Michaux born 746, at Satory, near Versailles.

s the basi
ous edit rship of oo Claude aoe eres a 34-1821 1) in 1803.
Fren ri

of 1800-05, had
5 Flora Boreali- peer 1:2

164
prior to the earliest date already mentioned. In 1 1763, Michet

as “Palma Caroliniana—swamp palmetto,’ but failed to give
the origin of the na e ial the nativity0 of the plant, except
indirectly by the word aroliniana.
Over forty years later, in 1804, one of the ped events in the
history of the oe occurred: L. B. Guernsent® pu we
s

with the name Sabal of Adanson.- He seem have used the
name in or to preserve and establish Adanson’s proposed
e preliminary di ion, Guersent mentions the
genera Corypha and Chamaerobs w the specific names al-

es
ready Teper by Jacaun alas and Michaux, and discusses
1 with those of Corypha
and Chamaerops. He then describes Sabal Adansonii, giving
synonyms, and adds a discussion of the specimen.

The pee eais specimen of Guersent may have been derived
from the plant grown in the Vienna Garden. Jacquin said
that the plant flowered and fruited each year, and that each
and every seed germinated when planted. The j late of Guer-

? Michel Adanson, scion of a French family of Scottish origin, was born at
Aix, in southeastern France, 7 April 1727. He was a precocious child, and
: in th :

became interested in the st of plants, and in speculations concerning
their relationships, at early age. When only twenty-two u

A ,a pent five years (1749-1753) in the exploration of Senegal. Upon
his return he worked the history of his voyage, but only one volume.
(1757) was published. In 1763, in two volumes, appeared his ‘‘Familles.
des pt rk by which he is best kn to botai In r

years he did a prodigious amount of writing and drawing, being engaged
upon several natural wel works planned ona eae scale, » but mos st of

ubli hed a.

of sciences and of the Royal society of London, He died : at Paris, 3 August
1806.—J. H. B.

*Familles des Plantes 2: 495. .

*L. B Guersent, born i in 1776, was ies Aes bhysician, specializing

i 1 e was a member o! f medicine.
and most of his publi si papers are on ren ne but several are bo~
tanical. He died at Paris, 22 May 1848.—J. H. B.
‘Bulletin Société iain de Paris 2: 206. 1804.
5 Familles des Plantes 2: 495. 1763

member

165

sent is s much more diagramatic and crude eee an : oe

ct
=>
ra)
9g
oO
5
i=
7)
i)
>
g
=
o
ot
5
=
o
Ses
-
=]
ie}
ot
io)
ct.
a
oO
D
us)
oO
2.8
©
G
>
=
5
©
jan

t why such an exception eae i taken to a species
of ae eens genus, I cannot conceiv

or is this the end of the story, so far as names for this palm
are eee The name Sabai Adansonii stuck to it pretty
well for nearly a century. Then the name of some Jamaican

1 Christiaan Hendrik Persoon was born in 1755 at the Cape of Good Hop
son of a Dutch father = a aueney mother. He went to 0 Holland i in ies
d studied medici eid i it to provide
for his simple needs, se eis himself for many years to the study of
plants and especially of fungi, for pure love of scientific work. He lived in
several German university towns, but ve no official co nection with any of

¥ h
home was at Géttingen. About 1800 i. went to Paris, hoping to benefit

ned) e
ceased with the separation of Holland and Belgium in 1830, and Persoon
was reduced to extreme poverty before his death, which occurred at Paris,
17 February 1837.—J. H. B.

2Synopsis Plantarum 1: 399. 1805.

8 William Baldwin, was born in Newl hip, Chester County, Pennsy}-
vania, 29 March 1779. He visited China as eon on a merchant vessel
in 1805, and received his medical degree from University of Pennsylvania

d
botanist to Long’s ene ion up ae Maa: os “ied at Franklin, Missouri,
1 September 1819.—J. H. B.

* Reliquiae Baldwinianae 334, 1843.

166
palm, described and discussed by ony Miller,! was associated
it Sar!

Under the heading of Caen. ae said: ‘The s
i t i it

er
sides. When t aoe are cld their leaves are three or four
eet long, ome of these plants have put out slender
aoe of adie sea in England, which were too imperfect to
form a description.
“This sort rises freely from < which may easily be pro-
noe from the islands in Ameri
received seeds a ‘Cilina ek a Dwarf Palm,
ike

the Jamaican and the mainland plants were the same e
did say that the fruits were alike, but the berries of many palms
look similar.

It appears that nearly a century eats | Persoon pub-
lished the binomia) Sabal minor before that name was taken

up by Charles Mohr‘ in American aaa free

2 "Philip Miller was born in 1691, probably at Chelsea, London, where his

nrg eeairecs ee suct gene his father in this office i in 1722
years. a kee

Gardener’s rea A ia ttaes and his ‘Figures of plants” (1755-

2 Silva of North America 10 7

’ The ner’s Dictionary, Ed. 8: No. 2. 1768.

4 Charles Theodore Mohr was born 28 December 1824, at Esslingen, Wiirt-
temberg, where his ee ae a pngecniiail is are cals. His interest
in botany began early; i s wit! h Kappler in South
America, collecting rae in Sur rinam. In 148 e left Germany for the

United States, and in the summer of 1849 crossed ee plains to California,

167
Dr. Baldwin was right. The dwarf-palmetto is a beautiful

Pp
disfigured ae Rae pa artly ea n by cattle, and in t old days
ay

h m ofte ny with
needle-palm (Rhapidophyllum Hystrix), The contrasts be-
ween th OS: e the

s n
The origin of the dwarf-palmetto is obscure. It forms a

Its leaves have a very short midrib or rachis, campared with

engaging in placer gold mining for about a year. Returning east by way

Panama and ‘Ne ew | Orleans, fhe: lived RA i in Ohio and Indiana, aon in
ce. usiness and began the study of m

In 1857 he spent ered poe in “Mexico, i in the vicinity of arn peer

of Orizaba, an that year established himself as a pharmacist

at Mobile, Alabama, which was his home for more than forty years. He

devoted much time peer ai this period to the collection and study of

i i ire time to this w

e ho: papers;
work, the ‘Plant life of Alabama,’’ appeared Boos after his death, which
Dears d ae Asheville, North Carolina, 7 July ‘gol. His private herbarium

of the Alabama Geological Survey, built up under his guidance, is known
may as the Charles Mohr Herbarium.—J. H. B.
® Contributions .from the U. S. National Herbarium 6: 423. I9goI.

168

those of our other species of Sabal which by some authors are

this article alone survived the rigors of the climate mainly on
account of its more southern geographic distribution.
Joan K. SMaLi

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN CENTRAL AMERICA.

The botanical exploration i in Central America in 1921 and
1922 of which an account is given here was made possible by

the cooperatio ray Herbarium of Harvard University,
the New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Oakes Ames, the
Department of Agriculture, and the S. National Museu

ngaged.
eft Washington December 6, I921, and proceeding to
New Orleans, sailed from there December 10. On the thirteenth

by vast plantations of bananas. At Gualdn begins the ee

169

Desert, a region strongly suggestive of Sonora, Mexico, with
an almost equal abundance of treelike cacti; and beyond the
desert are hills, arid at first, but ee higher and more

itated in every way by the thoughtful kindness of Don Benjamin
Arrieta Rossi, the Director, and by Dr. Salvador Calderén and
Dr. Carlos Renson, who not only made arrangements for
work in various parts of the Republic but anticipated all m

special needs and wishes. I have never had the opportunity

t first, collections were made abou t San Salvador, an in-

Ithough much sug rn, rice, and other cr e
cultivated, the most important agricultural product is coffee,
im

the natural vegetation. Salvador is the most densely populated
country of the western hemisphere, excepting perhaps Haiti,
and ibe is little unimproved land in the central and western
portion:
Near oh Capital stands the great Volcano of San Salvador,
and the

whose ption accompanying earthquake destroyed
the city in, 1917 (a second earthquake again ruined it in 1919),
and on the slopes are to found many interesting plants

High up, about the enormous crater, grow numerous mountain
species which have been described from the similar mountains
of Guatemala

170

first locality remote from San Salvador visited was

beautiful estate of Don ned Sol, Minister of Salvador to
the United States. Here it was possible to see the process of
the Season of the aaa hhh (often known as balsam
of Peru, because of the early belief that it came from that
. almost all of owe commer supply of which is obtained
f Salvador, although the tree which

>
BY
i)
ae
=:
oO
a
feb)
7

e town, many ne lan und. ew tree ferns
row here, these are rare in Salvador, and tly
approaching extinction raceae are particularly plentiful

bore flowers. Especially remarkable in this group is the variation
in foliage exhibited by the juvenile and adult plants, which are
often totally unlike. The young plants are strikingly handsome,

i day’s

is called—which is very different from the western and central

171

parts, being lower, drier, and much hotter. About La Unién,
on the Gulf of Fonseca, and up on the slopes of the Volcano of

aha plants, which are rare elsewhere in Salvador.
me places about the lake of Olomega are great thickets

of oe morning-glory, Ipomoea fistulosa, with handsome
pink flowers, and in others impenetrable ses of a low bush
Im, known as huiscoyol, covered with long needle-like spines,
which is abu nt in p i f£ the coast, its hard an
almost flavorless seeds a delicacy by the natives.
A shrubby Mimosa seems to thrive best in water several feet
eep bout the margin ke Maquigiie re is a broa

visit to La Unién, I spent a couple of days at Amapala, Honduras,

After leaving La Unién, a week was spent at San Miguel,
an uninteresting region botanically, and a couple of weeks at
Vicente. The latte Oo: i

. Ca Gavio his finca high
on the slopes of the Volcano of San Vicente, the second highest

ferns. and orchids, pos there do not seem to be man

and Ateos, a region unique in Salvador, although bearing some

172

re esemblance to the swampy north coast of Guatemala.

nb
ae izote (Fue clephontpes), the only yucca found in the
the i

ieve that they sting é
n most parts of the country travel is easy, for there is a railroad
its whole length, besides numerous roads suitable for carts
and automobiles.
The collections obtained in Salvador consist of 4,600 numbers
represented by about 15,000 specimens, practically all being
e

4
although in Central America it ey little effort except
patience and some knowledge of Spanish.

Extensive data were obtained a ete economic plants,
of which there is a great variety in Salvador. Among them

173

are all the common tropical fruits, such as oranges of the finest
quality, pineapples, mangos, avocados, numerous kinds of
anas an

is eaten as a dessert fruit. High up ont ena are grown
some of the common fruits of t t apples (usually
very small), peaches, quinces, sragiberries. and blackberries.
There is also an abundance of vegetables, nearly all those

on the high mountains, but few of them exceed walnuts in
size.

May 7, I sailed from La Libertad, reaching San José the next
day. After a few days in Guatemala City, I went to Quirigu4,
where three weeks were spent under the most perfect conditions

enced either w ortunate in having such favorable
conditions there under which to work, in a region of exceptional
rea intere th coast of Guatemala has been neglect-

- plants found at ny a low altitude must be common and

One of the most interesting of hoe trees is Dracaena americana,
which in general app rikingly like some of the yuccas
and bears the same common name eaete): It was described

new plants as on the first day. I have never seen a region equally

174

varied in its plant life, and the number of shrubby plants is
especially remarkable.
e last place at which I collected before sok Central
atema

I left Puerto Bariies June 11, and arrived in Washington
7. The whole trip was a successful and agreeable one,

and Costa Rica, because the country is smaller and there is less

study of the eollection obtained by Dr. Calderén, many of the
plants of low and middle altitudes are noteworthy, and include

Pacific slope of Gua be
explored), ae acc te iS that of the western coast o
Mexico. Among the plants thus far determined are several
aula ones known previously only from Costa Rica or
Pana

In both Salvador and Guatemala I found everyone with whom

kind and helpful: Mr. Montgomery Schuyler, American

Huezo of Santa Tecla; Coronel Eduardo omens Gavenior

175

of the Department of Santa Ana; Don Rafael Alfaro and Don
Carlos Alfaro, of Ataco; Dr. Sisto Alberto Padilla, Don Juan

and
Company in pees particularly Mr. R. K. Thomas and
Mr. J. C. Flu
PauL C. STANDLEY
U.S. National Museum.

NOTES NEWS AND COMMENTS
The annual Dahlia Exhibition of the New York Horticultural

mbered in all
i ae hee collection of dahlias was awarded to Miss Mira
Valentine of New Canaan, ae who also won the silver
medal of the Horticultural Society for the best collection.

H. Stout, of Short Hills, N. J., also received a prize for the best
acs of seedlings which created a great deal of interest
among visitors

nheisets for Sepiember: The total precipitation for the

month was 4.89 inches, all of which fell during the first twelve
days. The maximum temperatures recorded for each week
were: 094° on the Oth, 85° on the 14th, 87° on the 24th and 8714
on the 30th. The minimum temperatures were 56° on the 8th,
52° on the 17th, 42° on the 19th and on the 26th. There was
a light frost on the morning of the 2

176

PLANT AND SEED ACCESSIONS.

1 plant of amaryllis for conservatories. (Given by Mrs. laa
1o plants for conservatories. (Given by Miss cane Colgate.)
2 plants of Cyperus for conservatories. (Given by . WwW, on.)

plant of Citrus aurantium for conservatories. (Given | by Miss ee M
John nson.
3 plants for conservatories. Sakis by ve irae
is garden.

29 plants for conservat (Given by Miss Emily Tre )

I plant for iris garden. (Given Mr. Charles Cowe.)

= oo nt of Penthorum sedoides for rock garden. (Given by Miss M. E.
ton.)

I Fount of Dracaena Massangeana for conservatories. (Given by Mr. A.
Hermann.

2 plants for conservatories. (Given by Mr. Edward W. Poole.)

2 plants for nurseries. (Given by Bert Bros.)

5 plants of trillium for rock garden. (Given by Miss Kathyrn W. Small.)

3 plants for conservatories. (Given Mre s. Clare via Dr. E. T. Wherry.)

2 ts for conservatories: (By exchange with U. S. Nat, Mus. through
. ose.

3 5 plant: s for nurseries. (By exchange with Mr. E. T. Wher:

5 plants for rock garden (By exchange with oe Cc E. pe metrio.)

I plant for conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. C. D. Mills through

22 plants for eonsetvatorice: By exchange with Mr. Louis Piantin.)
14 cuttings for conservatories. (By exchange with Brother Leon.)
t tae f

plants for Florida. (By exchange with the Deering
Properties through Dr. J. K. Sm:
lants 2 Dracaena ae {Collected by Dr. Harper.)

13 plants of Hymenecallis. (Collected by Dr. Geo. L. Fisher.)
3 sie of seed. (Given by Mr, “Willinm W. Heaton.
I seed of seed from British Guiana. (Collected by Dr. H. A. Gleason.)
t of seed of Magnolia Campbellit. exchange with Lloyd Bo-
eae oa India.
I packet of seed of trillium. (Collected by Dr. . Small.)
2 packets of seed for conservatories. (By e xchange with Dr. Robert

y'
I packet of seed of Passiflora. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)

Members of the Corporation

_ Dr. Robert Abbe | Murry a en iy Fa D ia

Fritz ae J. Horace Harding Eben E, Olcott

Edward D. A Je Paediatr Hare Prof. Henry F, Osborn

Charles B. peas arte Si Cote Chas. Lathrop Pack

Vincent Astor . A. Har, Henry Phipps

John W. hae ri hee Haskell F. R, Pierson

George F. Bak T. A. Havemeyer say R, eee

“te ag A. Heckscher A. Pla

Henry de Forest aoe has le) cea ven thes S. Prall

Edmund L. Baylie Bernhard Hoffmann Chales F. Rand

Prof. Charles P. Hisey rnc M. Huntington Ogden Mills Reid

Eugene P. Bicknell Adrian Iselin Prof. H. M. Richards
. K. G, Billings r. Walter B. James John D. Rockefeller

ieeoree Blumenthal Walter B, Jennings W. Emlen ney

George S. Brewster Otto H. Kahn Prof

Prof. N. L. Britton Prof. James F. Kemp Dr. Real H. eee

Prof. Edw. S. Burgess Darwin P. Kingsley Mortimer L. Schiff

Dr. Nicholas M. Butler Edw. V. Z. Lane Albert R. Shattuck

Prof. W. H. Carpenter Dr. Albert R. Ledoux Henry A. Siebrecht
Prof. C. F. Chandler Prof. inca S. Lee “pees RB: ae

Hon. W. A. Clark Adolph Lewisohn Louis C. Tiff:
C. A. Coffin Kenneth K. eng Felix M. eas
Marin Le Brun Cooper _‘'V. Everit Macy Paul M. Warburg
Paul D. Cravath Edgar L. Marston Allen Wardell
James W. Cromwell W. J. Matheson H. H. Westinghouse
ages Deering George McAnen Bronson oe

v. Dr. H. M. Denslow Dr. Walter Mendelson aii Spe
eat H. Dodge John L. Merrill reer Straus
Samuel W. Fairchild Ogden Mills Po. Si
William B. O. Field Hon. Ogden L. ee B. B. bee

Barrington Moo Charles G. Thompson

Henry W. De Forest J. ae eas W. Boyce Thompson
Robert W. De Forest Dr. Lewis R. Morris Dr. W. Gilm Mane
Prof. W. J. Gies Fr anh hes R. Newbold Grenville L. Winthro
Daniel Guggenheim

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. a Mrs. Bradish Johnson Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. Robert Bac Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. William A. Read
Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean Mrs. James Roosevelt

Irs. N. L. Britton Mrs. Gustav a Kissel Mrs. Benson B. Sloan
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. A. A. L Mrs. Theron G. Strong

Mrs. Charles D. Dickey ‘Mrs. V. sons Macy Mrs. Edw. T. H. eee
Mrs.A Barton Hepburn Mrs. Henry Marquand Mrs. soe . Tay

Mrs. Robert C. Hill Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. W. G. en gk
Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. George D. Pratt Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

‘Mrs. E. Ae ne Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser Mrs. F. F. Thompson
Mrs. John I. Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Botanical Garden

Journal of the New York Botanical sna, aetent ie hl gee contain
ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of gene Free to all
members of the Garden. To others, a rene a co a a Gee ‘INot
offered in exchange.] Now in rit twenty-third volume.

ycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise: devoted to
fungi, including lichens; cOnEATS technical articles and news and notes of

e
.00 a year; te eorie tise for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Nowin
its fourteenth vo
disonia, ies y, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied by
popular des: rentptlons of flowering plants; eight et in each number, thittys

oe in eae olume. Subscription price, $10.00a year. [Not offered in
xchange] Na ow un its seventh volume.
o palletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual repor
of the Director-in-Chief and othcr officia documents, and technical articles
emo ing cue of investigaticns carried out in the Garden. Fre all
Sane had t arden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its clevenili
i it

orth Am Descriptions of the wild plants of North America
including Seed. whe West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be
completed in 34 volun Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consis: a of four or more
parts. Subscription nies, oh 50 per part; a limited number of separate
parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offer et in enciian ge.]
Jol. 3, are I, 1910. Ne ctriac Cees
Vol. 7. part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907, part 3, ane eae 4, 1920; part 5, oe
6, 1921. Us tilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae (pars). (Parts 1 and2 no lon;

Vol 9 (now complet te), p 1-7, 190 is Jones mince

Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2: and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae gee

Vol. 15, parts t and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae—l.eucobryace

Vol. 16, part H 1909. Ophioglossaceae— aC yalheasese pee me

Vol. 17, part 1, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae
pars).

Vol. 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio-
niaci

Vals 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6,
1918. Podostemonaceac— Rosaceae

Vol. 24, part 1, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars.)

var - 25: part 1, 1907; part 2, eee part 3, igi Me * Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.

Vol. 34, part 1, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthem-

eae.
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the
Carden, $1.50 per volume. ‘To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchange.]

r a e

stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix 2 pp., with detailed map. 1900.
Vol. II. The Influence of Light ue Daveiee upon Growth folie Develo
nent, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi pp., with 176 figures.
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Combes Remains from Kretcherville
New York, by A. Holiick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii-+ 138 pp., with 29 plates.

9
Vol. I Effects of phe A f Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart
Gager. Vii + 278 pp., with by alin and tq plates: 1908
Vol. V. Flora of rie Wail: ty o hee ae s fs Co! a he Plant
Geography. by Norman Taylor. vi with g plates.
VI. Papers eee at the eas at a the ene Aine
ot tes New Yo es Bot al Garden. viii +592 pp., with 43 plates and many

“Bontributlons. from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical
Pavers weillen by students or members of the tall, and reprinted Irom
journals other than the above. rice, 25 cents each $5.06 per volu
u the tenth volume.

NEW YORK pithue i GARDEN
x Park, ae wae City

ol, XXIII December, 1922 No. 276

JOURNAL

j OF

The New York Botanical Garden

a

EDITOR
R.S. WILLIAMS

Administrative Assistant

CONTENTS
Holly, Laurel and Winterberry 177
3 iter Lectures 181
_ Accessions 182
a Index 190
a

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
LANCASTER, Pa

ATS

OFFIOERS, 1922
PresipeEnT—W GILMAN THOMPSON
ENRY W. deFOREST
FREDERIC S, LEE
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SecreTary—N. L. BRITTON

Vick-PRESIDENTS 1

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923

EDWARD D. sau ae Le MERE e
ROBERT W. de EST J. P. MORGA
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM ReKGS TURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS CE wae MORE
HENRY W. ae FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925
HENRY dee CREEL Bee ADOLPH LEWISOH. ait
PAUL D. CR BARRINGTON MOOR
JOSEPH P. HEN NESSY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Mayors OF THE City oF New York
N. JOHN a ae
THE Sein be OF THE DEP NT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS. DAWSON | GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

Coee: R.A. foes Chairman
EUGENE P. BICKNELL ROF EREDERIC 8. LEE

PROF. JAMES F. KEMP HON. GEORGE J. RYAN

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEA SON, Assistant Director (Administration)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums lowe Plants)
DR. W. A. MU Supervisor of nie apencn
4 t

WILSON, Assoctate C
JAMES A. CRAWFORD, Associate Cu
R OUT, Director of the Laboratories
N

ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings eee Grounds

Tew York Botanica GARDEN. PLaTi

AMERICAN Ho ty (Ilex opace)

Photograph taken in the Fruticetum of the New York
Botanical Garden by J. A. Crawford.

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIII December, 1922. No. 276

HOLLY, LAUREL AND WINTERBERRY
(With Plate 281)
As the Christmas season draws near the sale of holly, winter-
ew!

holly, laurel and evergreens! It will be many years before this
vandalism can be checked. think of being receivers of
stolen goods, at Christmas tim

It is with great pleasure that we are able to announce that the
Garden Club of America, the New England Society for the

Club of America is advocating the planting of holly and creating
a demand among nurserymen for locally-grown plants; because
it is a well-known fact that the holly, like many of the broad-
leaved evergreens, has some races which are less hardy than
others, it seems advisable to secure plants a to be hardy

the vicinity of all large cities! On Staten Island there are only

177

178

a few trees left, of the many that used to be found on the hill
near Richmond and in the cedars which formerly occupied the

Hewlett, Fire Island Beach, Wadi iver, Smithtown, Ama-
gansett, Montauk and doubtless at other places, but reports
have been recently received that i inter time, en the
owners are not t to guard them, the trees are often cut
down or mutil ond recovery! It can be obtained from

ated
the Hicks Nurseries at Westbury, Long Island, and they have
several hundred plants, two to three feet high, at four ee
each or thirty dollars for ten. According to Britton and Brown,

it is only a question of a few years when this tree will be almost
or quite Regs exterminated.

Profess . T. Cook states that in Ocean and Monmouth
County, New i holly is still found wild in sufficient quantity

law against the neietee bee There are a few fine trees in
pa ree of bot. saa rican and English holly at Bur-

b ,wh re)
states that in Bucks and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania,
7 ;

ern Pines, North Carolina, finds that seedling holly trees for
growing in the northeastern States must be propagated from

179

seeds from northern localities. The young trees grown from
seeds from southern localities are not hardy when set out at
the North.

In Rhodora! the range of the holly in New England is indi-
cated. The old Essex County station at Cape Ann has been
gone since 1880, “but in some localities it is still abundant and
fruits well; whereas in other oe es there are only scattering
and badly-hacked trees.” It occ also on Cape Cod and
sparingly on Nantucket and in Ge. pee ae of Rhode

of the Connecticut botanists who should be in position to know,
I have yet to get track of a single living wild specimen, growing

either native or as an escape.’
In Maryland and Virginia the holly and laurel are gathered
and brought in to market, largely by the negro population, and
r and pass

The laurel is used in summer a: st winter and the
wild cherry is a good substitute for alee fruit-stands, etc.
ew England Society for the Prot n of Native Plants

substitute for the laurel but perhaps the hemlock (Tsuga cana-
densis) would be better.

The winterberry, also of the holly ae (Ilex glabra) has
approximately the same range though extending farther inland
wa

of Halifax, then sides two hundred and seventy-five miles to
Cape Ann, Massachusetts, and ranges southward to Florida and

1 Rhodora 16: 163-165. 1914 and 21: 126. 1919.

180

Peneane It also has suffered a good deal from vandalism
ough it is not collected in such large quantities as the holl
: too is difficult to (oui nate, is sown by birds and Bieter
moist sandy localitie
In a leaflet on ee Chris tmas Greens"’ by Beatrix Farrand,

box of holly, such as we standing outside of the florists
and grocer’s shops, ‘‘contains a minim ix hundred
of growth and t one poor yard of laurel-roping uses up at

sponsible for our share of this destruction.’ rs. Farrand
suggests that we use mo: bbed or potted trees of holly and
ere are a number of substitutes which ad by the
discriminati rgreens in pots, Ardisia crenata, with
its bright red berries, the Jerusalem cherry, Solanum
capsicum, dwarf orange trees h oinsettia oO

er.'’ In Florida at Miami, ae it grows out-of-doors,
it is a most gorgeous Christmas tre
are a mber of other species of the ues a
shh would be welcome and decora Eu-
plan sis hetero ,* the annual poinsettia, is easily grown from

three to four years. We have some plants over a foot high grown
from seed sown in 1920. It seems likely that the warmth of
the digestive tract of birds is necessary to hasten germination,

* Addisonia 4: 77-78. Dec. 1919. Plate 159.

181

in the New Forest in England holly trees have sprung u
a around the base of the fine old beech trees, evidently sown
birds.
In the New York Botanical Garden we have tried planting
holly, both American and English, without much success. One

is advisable to study its S habits and i S find suitable locations
for planting, else the result will be disappointing. It is also to
e remembered that holly is polygamous, often quite dioicous
and that the staminate trees do not bear fruit, so it would be

wise to plant several in a group.
E. G. Britton

WINTER LECTURES

Free lectures and demonstrations will be given by members
of the Garden staff in the c ee display greenhouse, con-
servatory range 2, on Sundays at 3 o’clock during the entire
winter. Those scheduled for Dembe and January are as

en

Dec. 3. ‘Forest Cacti.” Dr. N. L. Britton
Dec. 10. ‘‘Greenhouse Pests.”’ Dr. F. J. Seaver
Dec. 17. ‘‘Warm-temperate Conifers.” Mr. K. R. Boynton
Jan. 7. ‘Fruits and Seeds in Winter.” A. Gleason
Jan. 14. “Cacti of the per Coastal ee Dr. J. K. Small
Jan. 21. “A Winter Study of Tree Dr. W. A. Murrill
Jan. 28. “Tropical Orchids”’ Dr. H. A. Gleason

Conservatory range 2 is situated at the eastern side of the
Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue entrance. It

Street. Visitors coming by train to Botanical Garden station
should inquire at the museum building.

182

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

A large plant of Yucca ecard bloomed during the early
part of October in range 2. A photograph of the plant with its
large truss of creamy white ee ae red in the Mid Week
section of the New York Times of Oct. 5th.

I e interesting fruits of the granadilla, Passiflora
quadrangularis, hanging on the vine in considerable quantity
attracted the attention of visitors. e fruits are about the
size and color of the familiar honey-dew melon

oe for — The total precipitation for the month

ey
on

the 19th
be killing frost was on the morning of the

ACCESSIONS
LIBRARY From May 1 — SEPT. 20

peas Gartenzeittung. Vols. 4-12, 14-24. Berlin, 1836-5
5, OAKES. Orchidaceae. Fasc. 7. Boston, 1922. (Given by ol Oakes
Am a
Anales del Instituto de segundo ensenanza de la Habana. Afio 2. Habana,
1895, 96. (Given by B ae Leon.

Bawey, Lisgerty Hyp Cyclopedia of farm animals. New York, 1922.
(Given by The Publishers’ Weekly.

Bawwey, Liserty Hype. The principles of fruit-growing. [Ed. 20]. New
York, 1921.

BAILEY, pe Hype. The princeples of vegetable-gardening. Ed. 18.
New York,
Banion, ee Ernest. Iconographte de la flore frangaise. 5 vols.
Paris, n.
EDFORD, , Dux OF (HERMAND ARTHUR RUSSELL), & parca PERCIVAL
SPENCER UMFREVILLE. Science and fruit growing. London, I
Berichte der “dation botanischen Gesellschaft. Vols. 1-38. me vols,
I~20. Berlin, 1883-1
Ae FREDERIC ae Pils of the living plant. London, 1919.
REDERIC ORPEN, R, Joun GRAHAM, & AGaR, WILFRED EapE.
ee on sex ae heredity. eae 1919.

183
BrIQUET, JouN, & Cavituier, FRANcots. Emile Burnai. Genéve, 1922.
Ma oh the authors.
£, AUGUSTIN PyRAMUS DE. Mémoires et souvenirs
ae son api Genéve, 1862.
Wiuiiam ERNEST, & OTHERS.

publiés
Heredity and eugenics, Chicago,

agers CuarLes Manninc. Individuahiiy in organisms. Chicago, 1915.
CottTMAN, RoGERS CHARLES. Conifers and their characteristics. London,

1920. .

CoutTer, JoHN MERLE, & CouLTER, MERLE Crowe. Plant genetics.
Chicago, 1922.

Cc TE: HAN SAMUEL. Kritische Ubersicht der bekannetn Félle

ETER JO
von Knospenarition. Sian 1907.
» Evvr WLAND. A field and laboratory guide in biological

rates, Ga io I.
Downinc, ELtiot RowLanp. A source-book of biological nature-study.
Chicago, em
GarDNeR, Victor Ray, BRADFORD, FREDERIC
Henry DaccettT. The fundamentals of fruit policed,
Gay, CLaupio. Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Atlas.
ms,
GWYNNE-VAUGHAN, HARLOTTE ISABELLA (FRASER). Fungi:
i Uiletales, Trains, Cambridge, 1922.
Hanp, T. E. are M, KIRB E. The sweet potato. New York, 1921
Howai 1, rm aia the timbers of ea Ea ee 1920.
Journal fiir die Cuinibond Vols. 1-24. Stiittgar
Kirkwoop, JosepH Epwarp. Forest venus in ne ee Rocky

K CuarLes, & Hooker,
New York, 1922.
Vol. 1 Phanero-

issoula, 1922.
HE, Epwarp Louis HERMAN. Flora balearica. [Montpellier] 1921.

AMBERT, AYLMER BourKE. A description of the genus Pinus. Vol. 1
London, 1803.
Latzina, F. Geografia de la repiblica Argentina. Buenos Aires, 1888.
Linpau, v. oe mi kroskopis schen Pu tize, Ed. 2. Berlin, 1922.
Logs, Jac pi d fertilization. ae 1913.
MaAscLer, ee “Allas. des plants : France. ols. Paris. 1893.
e North American sylva., trans. from the

See aed FRANCOIS ee
ench with notes by J. eke coe th. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1859.
(Given by the Guar Botanica Cl ub.)
Moyen, JEA ique et flore du Canada. Montreal,
1871.
Nur The rth American sylva, or, a description of th
- ne wi the Uniied sete, Cos, and Nova Scotia, not described in i
k of F. rew Michau: n 2. Philadelphia, 1859. (Given by
ie Teavey 1 gee Club.
PELLET. s diatom avec une introduction a l'étude
2 vols.

"De by et un spe de lo classification par Paul Petit.

Paris, tenes —89.

184
Mendelism. Ed. 6. London, 1922.
is. * ‘Taurini, [1805].
egusingd . . . comentata da

P Bae REGINALD CRUND.
RE, Grovann a @ segu.

og RecNnavtt, GENEVIEVE DE Nancis. Lea botanique
mise & “a portée de ae te monde. 3 vols. Paris, 1774.
ND. 500 wild tae of San Antonio and vicinity. San
Anton:
The ee Monthly, Vols. 1-11, Lancaster, 1915-20. (Given by Dr.
a azen.
uonDs. Ossian Cote. Landscape-gardening. Bhd York, 1920.
ed 1R, GEORGE. Hortus gramineus Woburnen. Ed. 5. London, 1869.

MITH, ANNIE LORRAIN he Cambridge, He
STEBBING, EDWARD Percy. The forests of India. London, 1922

TONE, HERBERT. A text-book of woo O

Tuompson, D'Arcy WENTWORTH. On grow f ” Cambridge, rah

he naturalisation of animals & plants

% Catalogue of kitchen las herb, ibid free, and
grass seeds, bulbous flower roots and botanical books. w York, 1825.
Warts, Ratpu Levt. Vegetable oes penne New ae 1922, (Given
by The Publishers" Weekly.
Wricut, HERBERT. Hevea brasiliensis. Ed. 4. Ceylon, 1912.

MusEuMS AND HERBARIUM
107 specimens of flowering plants from Nova Scotia. (By exchange with
Harvard University.

14 ey of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National
Mus

2 photograph of Ostrya Knowltoni from Utah. (By exchange with the
Uni States iat Service.

g plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr.

. W. Clokey.)

88 specimens of flowering plants from Rhode Island.
Harvard University.

3 specimens of flowering plants from California.
Davidson.)

(By exchange with
(Given by Dr, Anstruther

p f f d flowering plants from British Guiana. (Collected
by Mr. J. S. de la Cruz.)

20 specimens of flowering plants from the West Indies.
Professor L. H. Bailey.

16 specimens of oe plants.

ational Mus

I sea of Hydrocotyle rotundifolia from Indiana.

Han:

(By exchange with
(By exchange with the United States
(Given by Mr. A, A.

104 specimens of grasses from British Guiana. (Collected by Professor A

S. Hitchcock.)

185

66 specimens of grasses from Hawaii. (By exchange with the United States
partment of Agriculture.)

1 specimen of Centaurea maculosa from Indiana. (Given by Mr. A. A.
ansen.

14 acini of flowering plants oie ava America. (By exchange with

e Un ited States National Musi
10 Packie “Fungi Wisconsinensis.’ ™ (Distributed by Dr. J. J. Davis.)
3 specimens of Myriangium from Mississippi. (By exchange with Mr.
L E. Miles J

4 ff Michi r. C. H. Kauffman.)
1 specimen of Cryptoporus volvatus from New “York. Be exchange with
rs. Wheeler H. Peckham.
¥ specimen of cane triplex from New Jersey. (By exchange with Mr.
Stephen R.
1 specimen of Morchells esculenta from New York. (Collected by Dr. F. J.
eaver.
T syste of Lachnea melaloma from New York. (Collected by Dr. F. J.

2 specimens of Detonia trachycarpa from New York. (Collected by Dr.

F. J. Seaver.
11 photographs of fungi. (Given by Mr. Ss.)
I specimen of Phyllostica Apocyni from oo (By exchange with Dr.
Davis.

111 Specimens of parasitic fungi from the eastern United nines (By ex-
change with the United States Department of Agricultu
2 specimens of fungi from North America. (By exchange ath Mr. Elam
artholomew.
4 large ghee photographs of fleshy fungi from New York. (Given by
reyfoos.)
I colored lant tern slide of tulips. (Given by the Scott Studios.)
1 colored lantern slide of Houstonia coerulea. (Given by Dr. W. Gilman
ompson.
1 colored lantern slide of Chimaphila umbellata. (Given by the American
Museum of Natural Histo:
1 colored lantern slide of Cypripedium reginae. (Given by Dr. George E.
Nichols.)
I serie lantern slide of Phyllitis Sclopendrium. (Given by Dr. R. C. Bene-
dic

esac lantern slide of Chrysanthemum. (Given by the Lee Lash Studios. :
1 color ed lantern slide of Plerospora andromedea. (Given by Mrs.

40 colored | lides of Purcl if the J. Horace McFarland

y+)
16 colored lantern slides of plants from eastern North gine prepared by
t G. Eldr edge. _(Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
6 co! ia lant Mr. - ow. aa

114 colored slides of North American plants. (Purchased from Mr. L.
Brownell.)

186

6 colored lantern slides of loco weeds. (Given by Dr. Arthur Facies
oe

6 colored lantern slides of Nelumbo lutea. (Given by Mrs. itton.)

6 negatives of Nelumbo lutea. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.

1 colored slide of Calla palustris. (Given by the State Misinas Albany,
New York.)

262 specimens of lichens from the Philippine Islands. (By exchange with
the Bureau of Science, Manila.)

20 specimens of freshwater algae from British Columbia. (By exchange
with the Poiiaes of Pennsylvania.

3 specimens of Halimedia from Samoa. (By exchange with the University
oO! ni

)
41,300 specimens of marine algae—The F. S. Collins herbarium. (Given
y Dr. N. L. Bri

69 specimens of orchids from the Philippine Islands. (By exchange with
Mr. Oakes Ames.)

483 specimens of flowering plants from Massachusetts. (By exchange with
Harvard University.)

4 specimens of coralline algae from Bermuda. (Given by Professor W. A
Setchell.)

1 photograph of Monoplegma sphaerospermum. (By exchange with the
Uni

81 specimens of grasses and other flowering plants. (By exchange with
the Ro

3 specimens of water-fern— Ceratopteris deltoidea—from Porto Rico. (Given
by Mrs. F. S. Ea - .)

30 specimens of flowering plants from North America. (By exchange with
the United States a Museum.)

2 specimens of Petalostemon and Trepocarpus from Alabama. (Given by
Dr. R.

oe
45 prin of flowering plants from tropical America. (By exchange with
e United States pea M neo
14 ae of Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A. B. Hervey.)
9 specimens of eae, a from New Brunswick. (By exchange with

Harvard Univer:

13 photographs of fae Gk plants. (By exchange with the United States

tional Museum.

42 specimens of mosses from British Columbia. (By exchange with Mr.
William R. Taylor.

75 specimens of mosses from Alaska. (By exchange with Mr. William S.
Cooper.)

6 specimens of mosses from Alaska and Hawaii. (By exchange with Mr.
P. O. Schaltert.)

13 specimens of mosses from North America. (By exchange with Dr. A
J. Grout.)

a

35 specimens of mosses from Venezuela. (By exchange with Mr. H. Pittier.}
79 saa of ead from Mount Ranier, Washington, (By exchange
h Dr. J. B. Flett.)

F

187

54 specimens of mosses from the Philippine Islands. (By exchange with the
Bur eau of Science, Man ila.)

2 Porto Rico. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)

3 specimens of mosses from Florida. (By exchange with Mr. Severi p.)

7 specimens of mosses from eastern North America.
Mr. Edwin B, Bartram.

16 specimens of mosses from Alaska. (By exchange with Mr. Charles W.
Thornton.

24 specimens of grasses from Saint Croix, West Indies.
the United States Department of Agriculture.)

lo photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National
Museum.

53 specimens of sedges from Long Island, New York.
Mr. W. C. Ferguson.)

rin Rap
(By exchange ae
(By exchange with

(By exchange with

12 specimens of flowering plants, mostly Ophrys Smelliz, from North Caro-
lina. (Given by Mr. A. D. Huger.

5 ene of grasses from Shusham, New York. (Given by Mr. Frank

25 photograph of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National
Mus m.)

g plants from Long Island, New York. (By exchange

ith Mr. Roy La tham
275 ieee ] ‘owerng plants for the local herbarium. (Given by Mr.
Ww. Cc. Fer, n,)

Philippine Islands. (By exchange

with the Bureau of Science, Manila.

164 specimens of ferns from Polynesia and Micronesia. (By exchange with
the Unit i

87 specimens of flowering plants from New Hampshire. (By exchange with
Hi i ity.

20 specimens of marine algae from Orient, New York. (Given by Mr. Roy
La

23 Peers of algae, mostly marine, from Whidbry Island, Washington.
y exchange with the United States National Museum.
377 specimens of flowering plants from Maine. (By exchange with Harvard

32 photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National

60 specimens “of mosses from North America. (By exchange with Harvard
University.)

I specimen of moss from Seattle, Washington. (By exchange with Dr. J.
WwW. tae

32 specimens of mosses from the British West Indies. (By exchange with

sare Edward B. Chamberlain.
67 specimens of mosses from the United States. (By exchange with the
e
9 specimens of mosses from Cuba. (B y exchange with Brother eae

sae of mosses from California. (By exchange with Dr. C. F.
Millspaugh.)

188

50 specimens of mosses from North America. (By exchange with Professor
J. M. Holzinger.)
12 i f f Trinidad. (By exchange with Mr. W. E. Broad-

way.)
91 miscellaneous specimens of mosses. (By exchange with the Natural
istory Museum, Vienna.
2 specimens of mosses from the West Indies. (By exchange with Professor
. H. Bailey.)
2 uncolored lantern slides of orchids by Dr. E. T. Wherry. (Given by Mrs.
N i

3 colored | lides of fl ing pl by L.W. Brownell. (Given by Mrs.

N. itton.)

I ce eae slide. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton )

2 uncolored lantern slides of leaf eee and . snare action. (Given
by Bureau of Entomology, Washington.

13 aes lantern slides of orchids by Dr. E. T. Wherry. (Given by Mrs.

L. Britton.)
I eee of one nicotiana from North Carolina. (Given by Dr.
F. A. Wolf.)

30 specimens, ‘‘Fungi Dakotenses” fascicle 21. (Distributed by Dr. J. F.
Brenckle.)

61 specimens of ic fi d by Dr. J. N. Rose in South Amer:
By exchange with the United States Department of Apioitre)
I spe al en ee’ eine from Van Cortlandt Park, New York.
ted by M illiams.
108 one of Bee the western United States. (Given by Dr.

I specimen of Calvatia from Salvador. (By exchange with the Smithsonian
Institution.

1 cotype specimen of Polyporus pini-ponderosus. (Given by Dr. J. R. Weir.)

555 specimens of fungifrom North America. (By exchange with the United

tates Department of Agricultu
6 specimens, derma subrenata, “Coriolus brachypus, C. Praia acai
C. sector eect Montagnei, and Pterula from British Guiana (By
change with Prof. . Stevens.)

2 specimens of pe caespitosus from Missouri. (By exchange with
Dr. Arthur S. Rhoads.)

I specimen of Geaster triplex? from Connecticut. (By exchange with Mr.
Warren Travell.)

I specimen of Lentinus levis from New York. (By exchange with Mr. John

y-)
I specimen of Peckiella viridis from Massachusetts. (By exchange with
M I.
I specimen of southern tuckahoe from South Carolina. (By exchange with
Dr.

I aud of Woynnea americana from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
. O. Overholts.)}

189
6 specimens of fungi from New York. (By exchange with Mr. John A
ingsbury.)
(By exchange with Prof. A. O. Garrett.)

I Utah.
I specimen of Lepiota cretacea from Ohio. (By exchange with Mr. Edward
C. Volkert.)

INDEX

Abalachi 20
aie L. H. 116
aboriginal mounds 141
Acanthacereus 143
arate

Library 8, 79, ¥

a and readin 159,
pisies “and Seeds 32, 48, 78,
160, I

anthes potions 54

Adenor:

4
ar esirts 113
Agricultural Experiment Station of
o Rico 5

Ala a ia Pic cdra 54

cad the sollins Collection of 23
all
alivoneilo. ee

139
oe Honduras 117
Ambrosia 139
American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, meeting 5
es, Oakes 76
alus Pe ersica
Andera Ganaeies
Andromeda rhomboidlis 121
Antevs, Ern
‘Annona 15
Apalachicola River 120

eae limestone 56
Arequipa 101

Asia, eastern, as flora of 18

Asimina 146
reticulata 141
asters, golden 126
Ataco 170
Alamosco 120
ete 56
Australian pine 151
ce 53
Autumn Lectures 133
Avicennia 150
Azalea 1
canescens 120

Baccario, Battista 117

Baccharis 102, 33

bacidiomycete:

Bactrts pregnthoph 57

Bailey, L. H.

Ba Bevo. j le

Paeae Tiffuse

pees tie Baaine of 108

an shifting with soil movement

Baptisin alba 120
linctoria 120 ?
rees in Georgia and Florida

Birnedesies

Baral re oF. 35, 39, 40, 62, 63,
ee 164, 165, 166, 167

artram, ae bi
Aine "eanicheides 33
Bear , H.C.
Bo

racemosa 146
Begonia 56

bejuco colorado 56

bejuco de “coutllas 53

Berberts 1

Bermuda, Obits Dillenii from 5
Bignonia radicans 2

Tignoniacea Paulownia related to 2
Billings, E. 95

Bi

Black, C. A. 100

190

pay 89: oy 124, 148, 173
lack Du sme n Nesting Time 70
Hehe ck-gum 1
bladderwort 37 124, 139
Blaisdell, J. A. a7
lake, S.F.
blister-rust on * vhite pine 6
bloom moe Hes early of some plants,
theory of 19
blicbaa ei
Blue-stem, Pages oe The—161
blue-stem 6.
Bolivia, Report rats Work on the Mul-

ford Biological Exploration of
1921-1922 IOI

hase ae

Bopi R 104, I

Botanical Tonia of Youth, The
117

Botanical Garden, Waterlilies at the
95

Botanical Investigations in Porto
Rico

Botanical Society of America, meet-
ing 5.

periae as

brake

Bios

Brazil- aut day 112

bridge, wooden, across Bronx River

Brinley, J. R. 9.

Britton, E. ot

BRITTON, ne Ls “Botanical eed
gat of Porto Ric

Bucher on Pica Taraiee,
Cub:

trip to poste Rico 7
bromeliads ro:
TO

0 51
Bucher, Plants Collected ty me on
Pica Turquino, Cub
* Nariative of an Ascent of
Pica eee Cuba
Buchholz, re!
Bucida B
fia Naas Club 76

erfly orchid 142

button-wood 150

ania trunks of trees in flood-
pla
oe ‘aphyla 76

Bystropog

Cabbage, Chinese 47

cabbage tree 62, I51

cactus 54, 103, 104, 144, 169

calabash 58

Calderén, S. 169

oe

callap

ee la ove } 82

canal eg hades affecting vegeta-
tion in Flor 152

flora of 18

Canas, Rio

cane brakes, are of 108

cane on: te ark, n new botanical garden
d7

Cn
Caprifalinceae 7
Carden: 11
‘arex “6
Carolin
careless. (deni) 139
Carra
Cater
Cassia polyps 53
Cas: 96, 139, 171
ot species and varieties at
Son 98, 99

Cayey 56
Caxambas, Fla. 142, 143
cedar, white, of Virgin Islands 52

Cedrela 52
ae pentandra 51

Central as Botanical Explora-

Cer 143
Coratepteris 17I
Cercis canadensis 149
cereza 52
Cerro de las Pinas 58
paints 144
rabilis 57
Chimaeoes 166
acaulis 163, 165

Chamaerops Rusby,
aaniis 161, 166 Seav ver, E r a ees 185
serrulata 62 Scorebee, Carl 1 15
Chapman, A. W, 121, 125 Small, G. K. 13, 1
Chamman-honeysuckle 123 Small, J. K. 13, ie 78,160 176 * *
Chardon, C. E. a Stout, A. 13
Wiliams. W. A. 15

Charles, VK. 48
chaw-fo-ka-naw |legend under} plate

27 Collins, F. S. 2
chickasaw plum 119 Colin o "Coll cick of Algae 23
prireleiie 49 Sie aaah oe 57

keber: Columbi a Se:
paral e: Combe, L
Chsohaionus 152 Comphotopus Brittoniae 94
pellocarpus 140 sighoetioe:
Christmas apes : 2 ae 125
chrysanthemus, of 3 Co adaae, 6
Chrysanthemums ne Everybody 3 Conference Notes
ree . grow 4,5 January 5
Co February 31
Cinchona edgriana 103 rie ie =
Cirsium
Citharexsuon a 9 83 Concer put 150
fru um 52 Coo . F. 40, 65
Clete opregecia 94 coon ary 128
Clastobryum americanum 94 Copernicia Wrightit 65
oe ‘monophgil 125 Coprinus en jee
club-m Corbitt, R. G. 6.
Clusia a go Cordia nitida 52
amo oe Cordova, R. G. 59
Springs 7, 50 Coreopsis 139
Coccalobis 151 Corynella 53
pede bigs a 133 pha 16.
rUugos he minor 162
unifera umila 162
Coccothrinas a repens 62
gentea 152 Cosmibuena 103

Coch: ae oniba River 105 coastal plain 56

cocoa-plum 140, NST, 152 Costa Rica 60

Codman, oe N. 38 Coto-bark 107

coin- a Cowell, J. F. 51

cojog: ee ‘ow-lily 96

Coker, W. C. Crataegus 146

voles Crawford, J. A., a ateriites at the

eals, A. T. Botanical Gar 95
chenie E. oo om 187 Crinum 46
Britton, N. L. 16, Bs 159, 160 crocodiles 22
Broadway, W. E. Crotalaria 10
Cruz, J. S. de la 184 Cueva del aura 86
DeWinkeler, J. B. 13, 16 cupey
Fascett, N. C. 13 Cup- rans Some Edible 112
Fisher, G. L. 176 an . H.
Gleason, H. A. 16, 176 cuya
Harper, Dr. 176 Cae io
Hitchecck, A. S. 184 Cycas 128
Murrill, W. A. m3 Cynoxylon 122
Pen nell, a Ww. cypress, river 14
Rolf, a southern 142

Rost, E. c Cyrtopodium 142

dahlia border in 1922 116
feta aoe 175
Dalber gi
Pane i. L .
dandelion, dwarf 12
Deering, Charles ee
ae - on
lonix re; ane PA
Desa
Dendrophore ‘puxifolia 93
119, ae 145
De ao . M.
Desmothamnus ea a
24

‘tors
artholomew, Elam 159
eae F. 13, 188
of Sci., fea 16
Davis, J. J.15,1
Farlow Herb. of Peewee Univ.
15

Petrak, F
Ditta myricoides

Donors
Allen, John
Hata Iris oe Ra 160
= r. Mus Dale Hist. 8, 185
Ames, Oakes
Balm

Banana Specialty 13
Be aac’ vis ee

Bel
Sais fe 7.

185
state 32
Bertolf Brothers 176
Benen
Bradshaw, R.

Bogue IN Jobn & Cavities, F, 183

Mie. N L . 185, 186, 188
Brumer, E.

159
6

Clare s. 176
Colgate, Mary 176
Constable, Mrs. F. A. 160
Cousins, H. H. 14
Cowe, Chas. 176
Coxe, H.
Davidson, ‘A,

De eel Sci. and Agri. of Brit.

Dobbin, F. 187
Dreyfoos, A. ne 185
rie, F. S,

“Mrs. 176
Glover, Profesor 78
Goeth » T. 32
Grime a Mis . 78
Hansen, A. ‘A. 184, 185
Harding, 2 wer Edw. 16
186

Harpe:
Hatine i
azen, E, 1 a
Heaton, W. Wot
Henry Field Seed Co. 16
: sea AI
ey,

Holland | Bulb Coven? Asso-

Kemp, J. A. 160
Kerr, Jean 7
Kitredge, E. M. 159
Knoche, 183

Lee Lash Studios 185
Leon, Brother 18:
Lowe, E. N. 10

Poo 176

Popliches’ 's Weekly 182, 184
Rainbow Garden

Rose, :

Rydberg P. A. 79

Scott, ia H. i6o

Setchell, W. A. 186

Rantaay Mat 16

Dracaena americana 173
Ducks, Black in Nesting Time 70
duckweed 126
dwarf palmetto 161
range of 167

Eaton, A. A >.

cree m Simaruba 52, 133

elder

Eee * "Key 33, 65

Elli ai

Emelia. coccinea 149
ietahias 149

Epidendru

Epiphyllum 105

epiphytes 85

@ 172
Pibinsite 172
pe 105

oe

Eu us LOL

Fuphot be fuigens 180
heterophylla 180

a aan ails 180

Euterpe gi a 55

Evans, i we

Evans, J. B. p* 158

194

Evander Childs High School 47,
6

Exchan;

ges
Agri. Col., Kansas 160
Albertson, Mr. 160
A Oj

Bailey, L. H. ce 159 184, 188
Bartholo: Gana a. 15, 185

ener
Mo ©

Borgesen, 14

Bot. Gard. Batum, Russia 32
“Bonn, Germany 79

Brooklyn n 78

Cambadge, Eng. 78, 79

Cluj, Sais

Gernauti, Tra

Glasnevin, Dublin. eee

Groningue 79
Lloyd, India 176

Missouri 12, 32, 78

Royal, Kew 186
Mus. of Berlin 14

race, L. . 16
roadway, W.E. 15, 159, 188
rinkman, A. H. — 4, 15
rotherus, V.
rown, Miss re
uckley, H. 32
ur. of Sci., aot 186, 187
urke, R. P. 1
urrett, Mrs.
entral Exp. SC ie Canada 78
hamberlain, E. B. 187
hardon, C. E.
harleaton Mus. 76
lokey, I. 1§, 184
oker, W. 32
olege de la. Sle, Bahama 78
college of ae a a, N.Y. 78
‘ook, M. T.
‘ooper, W. S. a
avis, J. J. 159, 185
ean, 16, 160
eer rti

+7
A. W. 12, 14
Ferguson, W. C. 11, 160, 187
Ferris, R. = Mrs. 14
Fink, Bru 4

Fisher, ie o 160

Hall, J rs. ron eo,

Harvard Univ. 11, 12, 13, 159.
184, 186, ie

Hioram, Brother

Holway, E W. .

Holzinger, J 8

cai
Br 6, 187
ive Bot. can ‘india 176
Lorenz, Annie 14, 15, 159
McAllister, Har 15
Manda, J. . 60

Ww. aot
Marine Bid, Assoc.
United Ringson 79
Maxon, W. R.
Mo. Bot. oe ts, 32, 78
Melvill, Ve -
Miles, L.
Mills, C. D.
eee c. 187
Mun: in

of the

Nat. “is Mus. ., Vienna
Ocernies, L.O.1 13, 15; ee. on

AL
Piantin, L. 76.
Pierson, F, ee Co, 160
P E.

Smith, S. R. 185

Smithsonian ee fia 188
State, Mus., a

Stevens, F. L.

Storrs & Harrison Co. 78
Taubenhaus, J. J. 13
8

4
p

%
&
oa
™

B.

lie Professor e

Thorn C, a 187

Travell, W.

U.S. . Dept. of Agr 32, 78, 160,
185, 1

U.S. Forest ee 159, 184

U. us. 12, 13, 14, 15,
6, 32, 78; ae 159. 160, 176,
184, Se 187

Univ. ] be

15 i
Ghee, “Samuel 32
Volkert, E. C.

Wells, H. L. a

Wherry, E, T. 78, 160, 176
Whetzel, H. H.
Yale Univ. 15
Zeller, S. M. 15, 159
del, G.

Zin
Exogonium 53

Fagelia ee
Fajardo §

Farrand, Beatrix 180
oe H. W. 158
Fax oF S, 38

fer!
fet teebach 124, 139, 141
fame cimarén 86

Filer, Hen 8

filmy ferns

Finca Chilata 170

Fitzpatri H. M. 48, 77, 100
Flaveria 151

floating-heart 139

Florida 21, 3.

eastern coast of 127

penninsula 139
lace-names discussed 118
oad-flax 149

Fox, Mrs. 155

Francis Lynde ene Fund, The 73

Fro oe ue Training School,
aan

Frocihio fouaiae 147

a ae a 110

196

fungi eaten by ants 112
edible to man 113

gallberry 124

Gaussia atienuata 57

in Bolivia 108
a 146

@ $3
een exhibition of 135
Greason, H. A, Ini Society Exhibi-

azels, The 17

géldenred 130

gopher-apple 143
ourd 20

-quits 82
Gratiola oa 141

Sea te urel 137
Greenhouse Lectures, 1922 30, 133,
groundse

eae @ ae 82
ive of 100
Gisred ©

G Gaels City 168
guava 140

guayana 56

guayo 83

Guazum

aan

mbo-limbo 0 52,
Cuan Baiaians 56
Gyromitra 113

habitations icti f y
ina, Bolivia 103

seaside incarnate 18
Pheetage 17

vernalis 17
wrginiana 17
Harper, R. A. Evolution of the
Hymenium and the Classifi-
cation of the Uredineae
Report h i f the A

g
S oe Toronto 5

Tare ee 7 We. 135, 158
aks em (Mr. & Mrs.) 59
hawks, nig! ht
heath 8

9
hedge-hyssop 143

saan ieee

Helianth:

Heliot chopin » pabisalion 142
ia 113, 115

Henry, A., Collection 24

Ferrers TA. L. 158

Herrington, Arthur, on chrysanthe-

Hevey, re B. 24

Heyosmum 93
Hicoria aquatica 155
Hill, A. J 48
Hilva, 6

Hispeniol a 40
Hobe Sound 154
hog- cabbaee zal 33

Holden, Tees 24
Hor nee as

Holomitrium calycinum 94
Holly, Laurel, and ook 177
honeycomb fun oo

hound ’s-tongue

Paulownia in

Howe, M. A. Collins Collection of
Algae, T
arte Coraline Fossi)

Alg: Soa cee 6
Reser on A.A. A. S. at Toronté

Huachi 107
a has Lt. 38

Hypericum 139
diosmoides 55

Tlex oe 179
ae

Ilum palin

jiventes erondifore 140, 141
indligo, false

Inkowa Clu re oc New York City 75
In ee I

ar conservatory range No. 2

n. oe
Ipom ca fist 17t
Iris Society Tahibiton, The 72
qeteloogas t
Izalco 1
tzote oe 173

jaboncillo 51
janado go

197

Jaquin, N. J. 162
Jeaman 24
oe yellow 119
jicama 57

cis go

oe ws F.

ana Dias o 54
yates Fla. 153

Kalmia eee 179

Kelly, J. P.

Killip p, E. P. os

Kilpatrick, ree class in Nature-
gardening 135

Kilpatrick, H. va 158

Burlap bers Winifred 123

Kuntze, Otto 24

Lake George 22
Laguncalara 150
a Libertad 172

Laure!

ae
Lectures, reenhoure, 1922 30,133,181
re winter
bli

Lepans 93
Leptospermiin scoparium 46
ame 103

156
cu ttural Teouieueite of 355
elegans 157
growth a seedlings 157

Renryi
hybridization of 156
longiflorum 155,

157
Preliminary Report on Investi-
a with Species of 155

a sterilities of 155

Spectosum 157
berbum 157
relationships of
157

142
rtd fordand 149

Liquidombar 1

apinu
Lye cpodiue Outi 92
Lygodesmia 1
Lythrum Salicaria 31

magueyes 87, 137
Malache 150

mansion, new approach, entrance,
and fencing on Pelham Parkway,

ne 94

maple 145

Maquigue, Lake 171
maranon 82

marsh flea-bane 153
marsh 2 139

mastic I
matico plant 103
Matz, J. 59
Mega River tos 46
meibon 103
Melastomaceae 103
melast tae

erri i 3 eee
Merrit

Metioropsi eae Cs
meteor oo —— de Jemay 7
Feb

Metopium 151
Michaux, André 163
Micromeria Buchert 93
Miconia 93

milkweed 146

milkwort 124, 139, 147

198

Miller, Philip 166
Mills, D. O 24

Mimosa 171

ee trees 103

mistlet

Mavacsees portoricensis 57
Mitten, Collection of Mosses 24
mocha

Mohr, C. T. 166
Morchella esculenta 113
morels II

115
vale a the crop of 114
morelon 58
Morris High School, visit to the
Garden

7
mosses of Porto Rico 56
mountain palm 58
Mt. St. Ursula 77
met Biological peaks tion, Re-
ork on in 1921-1922 IOI
‘insane grape I
Muscadinia 152, 144

‘yrica 93
nna 126
ve of an rae of Pica Tour-
a 8

neces ire, West Tada 53
New Yor! i a Club 74
Northrop

i

Notés on Plants Collected by Mr.
Bucher on Pica Turquino, Cuba

Nuphar 95

Nymphaea 95, 139

Nymphoides 57, 139

Nyssa 119

oak 119
scrub 126
turkey 14!
willow 14
Ocfemia, G. O. 15
Ae Lake 20
Olagale
old ant beard 148
Olomega
Onadian

: 14
carthageniense 149
Opens 10§, 143, 149, 151

enw 5
ae WUL 5
orchid a 55, 58
flora of Florida 133

Orton, C. R, 60
Osterfeld, C. H. 48, 100
Overholts, L. O. 48
Ouratea littoralis 57
Ozark Mts. 19

ee 45
paint-brush 149
Palm, Bucaneer, The 33
hog- ales 131
Ww. I

aie pea
Passifior pope neaainere 182
Paxlownta europaea 2

SI

‘Eocran nce

oe tas
ee cumulicola 128
sph aoe

Peadenta poe 53

Peziza badta 115
sae bp se Cowellit 51

Phoe

deeb era 151
Phoradendron 58

macrotomum 120
Phragmites 118
Phyliachora 60

Phyllostic’a 75
ee 142, a
ictetia aculeata
ee Turquino, Scuba, Notes on
Plants aes don by Mr.
ae her 9
tative ot a Ascent of 81
Pieris s foribunda

pigm a “hawehorn ts

pimpernel 140,

Pinochet esi 94
eps

139
ee sake on 6
de go
Pinguicula 124, 126
Pinus clusa 126, 127, 129, 143
Elltottit 120

Pilea

pipewort 126, 140, 141
Piper angustifolium 103
Pipt ia 103

plura. wild 1
Plumier, Charles 34
oe seh

po:
ce flamboyant or royal 52
settia

57

pongo used as a prefix for Bolivian
place-names 101

Porto a Botanical Explorations

n 49
N. L. Britton, trip to 7
Porsild, M. P. P, 48
prairie-pink 1 39
Prairie-grass I

prickly-apple ee 133, 149
a ly ly-pear 143, 151, 152

bellata 119
Pseudephoonis 33, 131
33

Psid ee ae

Pteris 151%

Publications of the Staff, Scholars
and Students of the New de

Botanical Garden for the Yea

- on new botanical
n for Holland 6

MeRariand, Sy on a. 185
other places 16, 78, 79, 185

ualén 168
Guasacacsgu 21

quince 173

Rabenhorst 24
Randia aculeata 154

raspiente
rattlebox 130
Reasoner, E. N. 62
. W. 62
red-bay 145
red-bud 16
Renson, C. 16
Report of Work on the Mulferd
Fleer Exploration of 1921-

secon ee 54
re ama prieta
Rhabdadenia bibra I5I
sau a dart 120
I, 69, 167
Rhi Ge ans Hee
rhododendron 1
Sa eee i » Chopmanti 122
ee m 121, 122

13
ile 530
Ricker, P. L
ee Robert 64
color of witch-hazel 18
Rio Pag ee
Roan Mt., Cc.
Robinson, cae “Buad Fund
Second Grant from
roble 51, 52, 87
Rosagud. Lake 110
Ro. oe oY 46

200

rose-bay 137 w palmetto ee: gts: 148
Rose, J. N. 100 Schratti jJ. R.
ee e A. 169 peoutss Girl 3%, se
‘ose 143 scrub palm
Rows, PSilence ae 100 oeaielean a
. W. 60, sea-oxey! he
royal palm 22, ot aia seaside erape
Royal Palm Ham 144 oe tle 153
foul wate lly or the renee 98 Sao F. J., Some Edible Cup-
Roysionia 34 Fungi 142
re; a 22, 64 seaweeds 23
rubber-vine, wild 151 S 4 he Charles Budd
eae ae fe yet Fund 100
© 57
cuneiolns 145 Seminole iene 22
trivialis senecio:
Rudolphia cola? ulis 56 Serenoa rie
ruisefiores (Cuban nightingale) 86 arborescens 63
Rurrenabaque 109 type locality of 69
Russy, H. H. Report of work on the repens 62, 1
Mulford Biological Exploration of serrulata bz, 148
1921-1922 101 ergania 53
Rusk, H. M. 155 Setchell, W. W. 24
Sewell, H. I. 59
Sabal 152 Sideroxylon 53, 153
Adansonit 61, 164, 165 Sierra de Yabucoa 56
Etonia 62 silk cotton tree 51
glabra 166 silver palm 53, 152
minor ue. ee Pa 166 Sisyrinchium 124
Palmetto 64, 1 Slater, L. S. 158
Sabbatia 139 Slogteren, E. van 135
sabicu 90 SMALL, J. K., Blue ce The 161
tan 133 B tanical Fountain of Youth,
sage, wild 151
St. toh s wort 55, 139 ee He m, The 33
St. Joseph’s 123 Saw-Cabbage "Palm, The 61
Saint ae Rive: T§0, 154 Wild Pumpkins 19
St. Peter's wort 124, 139 smilax 144, I
Salix ia smokin i. {see Caialpa)
ee 125 sneezweed 13
longipes 125 Soar, J. J ee
Pane collections in 168 om
Sal a Solana mind 173
Sa: abe nen asin cenit 180
sand blackberry 1 45 Solidago 130
sand dunes in eastern Fla. 127 oe ene menuined) 86
San Fernando, Rapids of 106 Som i Cup-Fungi 112
San dae 36 Son neon : an
San José 169 Sophia
San Miguel 171 Spanish- ‘bayonet 151
San Salvador 169 cedar
Little, in Bahamas 41 Spain
population 169 Spartina vakeri 140
Santa spatter-dock 139
Santa Isabel formation 50 Spec jal Development Fund 95
Sapindas saponaria 50 specie:
Sapium oa iar 56 73,
Sargent, C. S. 33, species aoe the utility of the 6
Sarracenia 119 sphagnum 7 57
Saw-Cabbage Palm, The 61 spider-lily 46

201

spiderworts 124, 130
Spondias Mombin 5
spring mushroom 113
spruce-pine 126, 127, 129, 139, 143,
I
spruce, true 13!
squash, native ae America 20
Standley, P. C. 1 :
oo West anaien 455
en

lan
Stetson, ey Francis Tnde Fund 73
eines 13

sweet-gum mee
sword-flower 5
Sonpharvcnbes 74
ebuia 51, 87
Taluifera Pereirae 170
tansy-mustard 119
tar-flower 140, I

distichium 140
ee

e Islan
Tllondsia 142
tvs 7

Tocobaj

rocroree G bird) 8:
Toro
Te

tree fern 55, 58, 89

Trichoma ‘scandens gI
i tier

Trilisa 1

ae @ Bird) 82

truffles 11

3 ; ; ’
trumpet-creeper (see Bignonia radi-
cans)

Tsuga canadensis 179
turkey-vulture 145
Tunaca' evale 170
Typha 11

Uini

Un ie eileen of ferns 24
urvero 82
Utrecht,
Utricularia 124, 139

] a

near 7

Vaccinium Myrsinites 124, 146 6 (ale
plate 29)
lated 130
vervaine 130
Victoria regia 98
Trickerit 98
Vigener herbarium 24
vilca 130

139
Virginia-creeper go, 152
Virgin Islands
rae fobs a 102

y of 49

Viti.
Vitara. filifolia 91
volcano of San Salvador 169

Waite, W.
Walleniella cabana 2

5
Went, Professor 7
Wetzel, H. H.
on Opunti ae muda 5
Wild : plied pes Societe of

America 74
wild- peopel 128
Wiutiiams, R. S., Black Ducks in
Newine Time 70
willow 145
lee jJ.A
heey Notes Bucher @ ae ole
a Tur
yas ee
winterberry 179
Ai Se aaien de
ce an Chin 20

witches broom 5
witch hazel, Chinese 17
Japanese
Ozark 1
Witch Hazels, T ree 17
Whale Cay (Ba! as) 4
white cedar of es Virgin rsiaade 52
aw 14
woodpeckers 82

Xerophytic conditions in Porto Rico
5

Xe iets tag 92
Xyris §7, 3

ambigua 144

yagua 83
yee
a, Laguna 57
yellow. pee grass 57.
a
Yucca 1
aephanipes 172
Zamia umbrosa 1

28
aa oad 51, 102
s (a thrush) 82

182

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe

Frits Achelis

Edward D. Adams

Charles B. Alexander

Vincent Astor

John W. Auchincloss
orge F. Baker

Stephen Baker

Henry de Forest cis

Edmund L. Baylie:

Prof. Charles P. Berkey

Eugene P. sina Hl

C. K. G. Billings

George OF thal

Prof. Crk, handler

Hon. W. A. Clark

C. A. Coffin

Marin Le Brun Cooper

Paul D. Cravath

James W. Cromwell

Charles Deering

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow

2 ee H. Dodge
muel W. Fairchild

Pie B. O. Field

James B. Ford

Henry W. de Forest

a W. de Forest

Prof. W. J. Gies

Daniel Guggenheim

Murry pe ae
J

ae Joseph P. Sie
rnhard Ho ffm

Walter B. thai
Otto H. K:

Prof. as Kemp
Darwin P. Kingsley
Edw. V. Z. Lane

Dr. Albert R. Ledoux
Prof. Frederic S. Lee
Adolph Lewisohn
Kenneth K. Mackenzie

aoe McAneny

Dr. Lewis R. Morr
Frederic R. Newbold

C. D. Norton

Jahn D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen ee
Prof. H. H. R

Hon. Geo. J. R
Dr. Reenald H. hie
iff

R. Shattuck
Henry A. Siebrecht
Valentine P. Snyder

James Speyer
Frederick Strauss
F Sturgi

B. B. Thayer
Charles G. Thompson

E Westuigtiouee
Bronson Winthrop
Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. George A. Armour
Mrs. Robert Bacon
Miss Elizabeth aca
Mrs. N. L. Bri

Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.

Andrew pen
Charles D. Dickey
Co)

Mrs,
Mrs.

Walter Jennings

Mrs. Bradish Johnson

. Gustav E. isc!
Mrs. A. ee Low

M it Macy
Mrs. fiaey ead
Mrs. George W. Perkins
Mrs. George D. Pratt

Mrs. Harold I. Pratt

Strong
dw. T. H. Talmage
. Henry O. Taylor
Mrs. W. G. Thompson
Mrs. Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs Jas

Mrs. John I. Kane

. A. Scrymser
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F, F. Thompson

. Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons

he contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden.

3. Fellows for Life

e contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any

one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Members

Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their nani aggregate $1000.00

5. Sustaining Members

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ‘
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. ‘

6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee o}
All members are entitled to the eae privileges:
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Manage:
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board ‘of
Managers. :
3. A copy of all handbooks upper by a Garden.
foe of all annual reports and bullet:
5. A copy of the monthly jure
6. Paes of the Board Room.

7. Life Members
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of —
$250.00.

Information
pie are invited to ask any ean they desire to have re
on botanical or hort sailor sean Doc will accompany any

embers
through ibe grounds and buildings any ak a leaving Mica Building
at 3 o’cloc
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of

Pree

“ween eee!

JouRNAL
OF

THe New York BotanicaL GARDEN

VOLUME XXIV, 1923

s
PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE
Davip Lypic Funp

BEQUEATHED BY CuarRLEs P. Daty

JOURNAL

OF

‘he New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
HENRY ALLAN GILEASON

VOLUME XNIV

Witn 28 ILLUSTRATIONS

1923

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

FFICERS. 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S.
Vice-PRESIDENTS HENRY o oo oneee
TreasuRER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1, ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS

HENRY W. pe FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD

W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925

HENRY prFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOH

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE

JOSEPH P. HENNESSY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. JOHN L. MERRILL

ROBERT W. oehOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. IS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or New York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THe PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

G DEN ST
PROF. R. 7 fee ae rman

DR. NICHOLAS eat BUTLER DR. FREDERIC S. re
PROF. ee nee Hoge e POR ee
PROF. JAMES MP ROF. HER BERT MI RICHARDS

EP ROF. HENRY RUSBY
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Dutrector-in-Chief (Development, Adm oe tration)

ae Re vat ’A. HOWE, igs Een “(Adininista ion)
DR. JOH ou Head Curator selowenie Plants)
DRW ; A; MURRILL, Sup Supertso of Public | Tagruction
t!

OHN
WALTERS Ss. ‘GROESBECK, Clerk and ‘Accountant
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, d.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert | Abbe

Steph
enry de Forest Baldwin
Edmu

rge S, Brewster

Paul D. Cr

William B. O. Field
James B. For
Henry W. de Forest

Robert W. de Forest

. Morris
Frederic R. Newbold

peyer
Frederick Strauss
_K. :

. B. Tha:
Charles Pei The
W. Boyce ae

Bro throp
Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Advisory Council

Mrs. George A. Armour

Mrs. Robert Bacon

Miss Elizabeth Billings
s. N. Britton

Mrs. Robert C. Hill
Mrs. Walter Jennings
Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Mrs. ey Kane
rs. Gustav E. Kissel
Mrs. i
Mr:

rs. Wm _ Kelly Prentice
Mrs. William A. Read

Mrs ee ames nal
Mrs.

Mrs. F. de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the oe Council

Mrs. E. Henry eras

Mrs. John I. Kan

s. Jam
Miss Olivia E. P. St

es A. Scrymser
tokes

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ni
Land of the Question Mark.

0. 277. JANUARY.

ee ae ae November.

otes, New:

Land of the Question Mark

No. 278. FEBRUARY.

A Rare Plant Re-disco’

Ove:
Experiments with Chinese. abbage Serer

es, News and Commen

Conference Notes for ear ber... ...
Not

No. 279. Marcu.

A Trip to Pico Turquino

Land of the Question Mark (concluded) .

Plant mete
Conference Notes for February. .

Public F ectures during April

Notes, News and Comment.....

No. 280. APRIL.

Garden Forms of Narcissus... ..

Publications of the Staff, ee and Students of the New York Botan-
1922

ical Garden duri ng the Yea

ce Notes.

onferen
Publi ic Lectures during May

Notes, News and Comment.

Accessions.... .

No. 281. May
Botanical Exploration of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands............
Mycological Work in Porto Rico ae Vi aa Islands.... .........
Com, iments ry Dinner to Dr. Tho

Annual Spring Inspection

Public Lectures durin; ng June............

Conference Notes for April.
Notes, News and d Comment

ale

The Needle Palm —Rhapidophyltum eae
Hardy Ferns.

Public Lectures ‘during duty

Notes, News and Comment

‘Accessions

No. 283. Jury.

Springtime in Florida.......

A ary eae and Extinct.
The arden

viii CONTENTS

The Rose Collection
Public ee during Sta
Notes, News and Com:
Accessions.....

No. 284. AuGusT.
The Cabbage Tree—Sabal Palmetto
Notes on the Rose Garden...................
Investigation of the. He: mlock Forest . eee ee eae
Public Lectures during September........ Sta So
Notes, News and Comment...............000000c0ee eee eeeeen eee

No. 285. SEPTEMBER.

pea of ae Rico and the Virgin Islands... |... ....-. + at
Am’ Appreciation of Dr. Stout’s Work in California. -
Nibee ae ews and Comment... 1.0.0... 22ers

Acce eee
0. 286. OCTOBER.

Green Deserts and Dead es 193

Public 1 247

Public Lectures during November... 00.0... sscceccecceeeseeevees 247

Accessions. ... 248

No. 287. NOVEMBER.

I deers hee oe of Mountein Lake; Virginia. < acsevend Ga eve ees 249
Tow to Hav ged Gen 256
nleigation of the fnged Garin ache eante 258

The : Lo ocal Flora | Herbarium. 260

262

Wines elt of the New York B ical jen. ... 266

Notes, Pag and Com: 267

Access te 269
No. 288. DECEMBER.

B ical Ot i in Northern Michigan. . 273

Francis Alexander Schilling. ..... 283

Public eee during December. ..... 284

Notes, News and Comment. ........ 284

ACCESSIONS 605.606 i ssvulaeiupe'de suai dhcit i aud Yb, Sape Aghetsanty te Mad esdeuodeine nee seraraides Ye 286

Vol. XXIV January, 1923 No. 277

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

\ Nera mee
: »
TESS

i CONTENTS

Land of the Question Mark
Conference Notes for November 23
24

Notes, News and Comment

Pricg $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
1 8 West Kinc Street, Lancaster, Pas
P: ComPaNy

OFFICERS, 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S, LEE
HENRY W. ste ald
VICE-PRESIDENTS } F. K. STURGIS
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
AssIsTANT TREASURER-HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRIT LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY W. SeLOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON

expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN pny LEWI aoe

PAUL D. CRAVATH BA NGTON MOOR:

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. ADAMS 1OEN L. MERRILL

ROBERT W. DeFOREST ie MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorE
HON. sata me ee
THE PRESIDENT OF ENT OF PuBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. Ta DIRECTORS

PROF. ARPER, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY RBUTTER DR. FREDERIC S
PROF. WILLIA na GIES ee GEORGE J. "RYAN
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. HENRY. H. RUSBY

DEN STAF

GA

DR. N. Y BRITTON, Sate nef ma Administration)

H. A. GLEASON, Assistant preg (Administration
DR. Onn K. ‘SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)

Rat A. MURR RILL, Supervisor “of ni sacs nee

eA ROY BERG, as ator (Flow
DR. PATARSEIALL A. HOWE, Curator CHlsaetless Plants)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, aes (Flowerless Plant:
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative ree,

R. A. B. STOUT, Director of the Labo: rihied
DR. pFOHN HENDLEY B RNHART, Slee tas
KENNETH R. BO NION. Head cue
RAH H. HARLOW. Libraria
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator ‘of the Economic at
EL rere & BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mos.
R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanist

ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of a ine aig Grounds

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV January, 1923 No. 277

LAND OF THE QUESTION MARK
REPORT ON EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER, 1920
glance at the map of the continental United States will

A
show that Florida—the most southern State of the Union—
suggests the shape of an interrogation eS There is a fitness

in this. The geographical ple of the State, particularly of
that great tongue of land ust oe hu ndreds of miles
into tepid seas, implies a alan North America

and thus makes the question mark—so ay as botanists are
concerned—-both a challenge and an invitation. Not one, but
myriad que ions, moreover, are suggested by that note of

a conuniation eee and investigations mentioned
usly on these pages, the writer arranged to spend the
sels weeks of December, 1920, in further search aa study

y-

The particular objects of our search were coonties (Zamia),
spider-lilies (Hymenocallis), lilies (Crinum), prickly-pears (Opun-
tia), and wild-pepper plants (Peperomia), while special informa-
tion was sought re certain geological formations and
thei: sae coverin

Incidentally, en route, the great panorama extending from
New York to Florida mone many problems, and, in some
cases, also offered t

The meadows and hills ‘of ee aaa part of the Coa:
Plain, ee the long-extended warm fall, and little a
weather after the late and ae only nee frosts, were desolate.

2

Examples of the more northern wild plants that e end t their
active annual existence, regardless of seasonable variations from
year to year oO i

istence 1
yee regal of meteorological <atiations that seem decid-
edly marked to us

The amare a this seasonal change, of course, varies with

latitude. pics it is eon conspicuous; often, indeed,
although vegetation is legion, variation is nil. In temperate
regions it is most c conspicuous ; while at the poles, for the lack

of o monly cult ivated plants, whether they were
serail ne fe or from low latitudes, are much less regular
in their seasonal habits. We are familiar with cultivated

plants whose behavior is governed not so much the seasons,
except t yth is impossible in freezing weather, as
irregularities of conditions in the growing

, pansies (Viola), sweet-alyssu Koniga),
portulaca (Portulaca), and dahlias (Dahlia), in a temperate
egion, ourish well into a prol n or 1

or die down to the underground parts regardless of the pro-
longed warm weather

Grasses, also, often furnish conspicuous examples of this
phenomenon. In the winter we may ace = notice a field
or a hillside covered with a native grass, brown and apparently
lifeless, while nearby a lawn planted ae some fee grass

This rule obtains not only among ornamental plants, but
by ma

among annuals, biennials, and syria Thus, sheep-sorrel
(Rumex Acetosella), chickweed (Alsin dia), pepper-grass
(Lepidium virginicum), none-such (Nedicawo Lupulina), wood-

3

sorrel img. St. John's wort (Hypert tum),
carrot ecu a a -ivy (Glecoma ee dead
ttle (Lamium ), speedwell (Veronica spp.), plantain

ee 0 spp-), dandelions (Leontod on Taraxacum) may often
e found alive in the fall after their associates have been killed by
ae
ear the eastern end of the Mason-Dixon line the poor or
niacin hills Sines presented to view three promi-
ne elements—the dark-green poverty-pine (Pinus
virginiana), ae ao r-green pitch-pine (P. rigida) and the deep-
green i j h

common

ae one oo
A stion occurred to the writer: Do the more eens or
oils up a

than do the more fertile soils? It seems that they do. The
b is: The pla

South of the Mason-Dixon line additional green was in
f

conspicuous element in the landscape. This plant is gregarious,
occurring mostly in colonies. The reason is not far to seek.

e R. M. Harper, A Cross-section of northern Mississippi, Bull. Torrey
ree or 377-399. 1913; A Sketch of the aa - Bos aphy of New Jersey,
Bull. Geographic Soc. Philadelphia 16: 107-1

4

faa ee = sae being fleshy and heavy, are not an eee
winds, but remain where they fall. Such eedlings as

account of the elongate ae which resemble cigars
and which ate persistent end eu ue after the leaves fall.
This tree

is widely cultivated and often oe being self- “sown
northward. Unlike

of a single ree may sprin

usually occur singly, n ot in am
irgini sent el iss of scenery. Yet
this was less pronounced, eons to the more abundant pine
i he greater oo of dead
leaves clinging to aes hardwood trees — shru
The change fr

fl
ein the w or ora.

sour ms pre were rena = end
lea were still gre °.

aero, Ee willow oak (Q. Phellos), and ee vee (QO. lauri-
folia).

Nor were the pinelands, ene ae sibel without
color. They were furnished in g:shades of red by the
turkey oak, or the black-jack of re sae eee Catesbaet),

mocks and gum-ponds, trees aH

various habits
Pais . branches and n. 2

gre crowns, others
with spreading b and wide crowns. re ra mistle-
toes (Phorade ae peaatiae and P. otomum) flourished,

t, however, in the same regions. The ae of oe and

5

seed dispersal was na evident in the case of the mistletoe. It
is a well-known fact that birds are fond of the white berries of
this bbs parasite, ee that birds usually perch high. Conse-
quently } istlet

ng P
Technically, the season was autumn, but for some plants it

T ess trees, e of the river cypress (Taxo-
fain distichum) and particularly those of the press (T.
ascendens) were in full blo The ping, often clustered,

were frequently copious and conspicuous in the otherwise barren
tree tops

On aparouching and entering Florida, marshes formed a
prominent element in the landscape. These, first in order, were
ma: ite

n ion with the sout.
in the region neni consideration, F. André Ac chaux,? referring

say:

When unincumbered in the sand, as in thé middle of the
islands an a on the borders of the narrow sounds that flow be-
tween them and the main, it is bs or 50 feet in height and 12 or
13 inches in diameter; but it would be difficult at present to
find stocks of this size aes d of sce river St. Mar
within the ancient limits of the United States.”

1 Sabina silicicola Small. setae barbadensis C. Mohr, not L. Sabin
pao Small, in pa art. Disting mn ed from the nort! ale ae virgin-
a by the he small ovoid c es.

rare yr \

ee 2, author of the Flora boreali-americana) to America in 1785,
Sous aie fifteen years old at that time, and remained here for five
: i i is h

Kent mi
extensively in the a United Sed eo Mai o Georgia, and west
to the Ohio, from 1806 t He was Seeley: peal: in American
Foes trees, and is bee ae for his Elaporay te publications tg to

— e was one of the t Albany to Ne th
fi ip of the first Ful ise Hendley Gerahere
2 The North American Sylva 2: 554 a oe 819

6

In the early days the use of red cedar in shipbuilding was

now had to the coast of ae pee between the St. Mary an
St. ene which will soon be exhau in its tu
g the twen ce centur i center oe he red-cedar
harvest» was gradually moved southwestward until it reached
e Gulf Hammock an 1 the western coast
7 Florida. For many years ‘large trees were ceieilable ‘oda
the supply of red-cedar for making the lead pencils comes from
trees with trunks about six inches in diameter. Although the
supply of trees could easily be kept up by planting in its native

The following brief notes on a three weeks’ botanical excursion
in winter will show that even at that season of the year the Land

facilities for study and experimentation in Mr. Deering’s
reservations at Buena Vista and at Cutler, Flosida,
NORTHERN FLORIDA
Upo ee a we at once proceeded westward
to Tallahassee. ere, two days were devoted to field work in
company with i eee geologist, Mr. Herman Gunter, and the
geographer, Dr. Roland M. Harper.’ Tallahassee, as the capital

1 Roland oe pila (1878— ) was born at Farmington, Maine,

and his home for rs has been at College Point, New York, but much
of his life has Nee ae int hree southeasterrmost state he Uni
Graduated from the University of Georgia in 1897, egan his professional
1903, when he became forestry collector for the G ii
Geological Survey. In 1905 he took the degree of Ph. at Columbia Uni-
versi ty, and since: a time has sh almost continuously in the ice of
f Geo bama, or a Florida, as botanist

of Al ida,
or geographer, or porn. He has explored all parts of these three states with

and statistical studies than to botany.—J. H. B.

7

of Fl aaa ae a territory, and a state since 1845—is ne: early
yold. Th

mong
these were botanists and plant-lovers, the most prominent
among whom was H. B. Croom.

Well-known early botanists were not as numerous in that
region, to be sure, as they were in the settlements of the mae
seaboard ; but many of their successors,
here, spent more or less time at Tallahassee, Florida's pictur-
esque capital.

e yards and public grounds in Tallahassee give the t

the stamp of age. In them you will find many old specimens cel

ardy Bryan Croom (1797-1837), was born i ir C , North Car-
olina. He graduated at the University of his native state in 1817, and was
admitted to the bar, _ practiced his iecieas for nly a sho rt time; he
New Bern. 8.
a oie in nates on the west bank of the ee River, opposite
Aspalaga, and it wa: n. this vicinity that he Bs aeedane Tumion (Torrey a)
and C

}

Croomia earl: In 1837 I home

9.
of Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779-1851), for wh the ge: nus Poinsettia
South C: his

in
residence. During the summer of the same year he brought h mily, as
was his custom, to New York City, and in October sailed for Charleston
in the steam-packet ‘“‘Home."" This was a new
aa built for the Sse hate Service; a it hs wrecked off Ocracoke ae
south of Cape Hatteras ber 9, 1837), and Croo
xe i mae family, wife, sah children, and’ maid, perished. His peut
personality and scholarly attainmefits intensified the sorrow of Torrey,
ray, piaen and his other Sadtatecy friends. ieee his oe of
the aes f New Bern, Cro it d Ameri.
can Journal of Science and en and one to the Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural ‘History of New York. Death, however, claimed him when he seemed
on the very threshold of an unusually productive botanical career. A monu-
} f C: d his family ds in fi f the E

church at Tallahassee.—J. H. B

8

cultivated shrubs and trees, both native and exotic. A list, made

mon Neubertit), photinia (Pholinia serrulata), crown-of- aes
(Parkinsonia aculeata), Otaheita-walnut or wood-oil tree
(Aleurties moluccana), pistacio (Pistacia vera), silk-oak Cae
robusta), Japanese-aralia (Fatsia japonica), strawberry-tree
eee: Unedo).

Tallahassee is in a Daye enone region, called oe Talla-
hassee Red Hills, which i d by p hills,
lakes and ponds, sometimes fed by sluggish streams, and by the
absence of rivers. About t one e hundred and thirty woody plants,

red

forest has
so 7 is not a aera rolte field dy botanical collecting in

gre est of this region, towards the Ocklocknee River, is a part
of the Middle Florida Hammock Belt. This comprises flat
woods, red hills, and minor plant-associations, ae rivers, but
lakes. The plant-covering comprises about one hundred

hassee Red Hills. The greater number of woody plants repre-

9

sented in the Middle F ee Hammock Belt is due to the exten-
sive hammocks and s

he singular plant a hes pine woods west of the Ocklocknee
River was a wild-indigo (Baptista simplicifolia). Some of our

many. wild-indigoes have quite wide geographic ranges, but most
of them are more restricted. This one, h , iso he
rarest, being known to grow in only three adjoining counties—
adsden, Leon, ulla. Its leaf-structure is peculiar, for
instead of having a compound bl with three leafle has
mple broad leaf-blade. In one of m, moreover, Baptisia
perfoliata, the leaves are bara that is, the stem runs
the lower part of the bla otwithstanding the late-

ness of the season, the plant in ee on still held its fruit and

its foliage was blackened, as is often the case in the wild-indigo
in an aged or dried conditio
Two kinds of trees ee our attention in the river-swamp.

coming spring. The other tree was devoid of leaves, but laden
with fruits; as ae were bright-red, the tree was a most
str iking obje It was the Ogeechee-lime (Nyssa Ogeche).

y be
lemons or limes in making an acid drink: they also make a good
preserve.
he broad swamp of Little River is a natural palm garden.
Two kinds of palms are abundant and grow intermixed. The

ave Som
of the plants were fruiting, and raised ane clusters ee es
far above the leaves on stalks six to eight feet tall. This plant

tr
unarmed and cattle often browse on aces leaves.
The other kind of palm was the more abundant. Often it
formed almost impenetrable enn not only on account of
1 For a history a a blue-stem see Journal of the New York Botanical
Garden 23: 161-168.

II

its numbers, but also on account of its ae stems. ae
rising to three or four feet above the ground are armed, lik
porcupines, with slender needles a foot or more in length, ee
the common name—needle-palm. These needles, by the way,
are tightly woven in the leaf-sheaths and persist for many years.
Yet this is our most graceful see Sas nd deserves to be more
widely cultivated for ornamen t has no close relatives in
the United States.
Aside from the palms, the river-swamp had a rather desolate
ting stag

its de ic prime shea the flowers
of a other a ‘had patents "Like ome other
particularly in Poueue ee, this nee (awdephana

South of Tallahassee ie land falls away rapidly until it
stands at sea-level at St. Marks, seas is about twenty-six miles
distant. We drove southwar the water-shed between the
St. Marks and the Wakulla Rive rs.

Much of the country about Tallahassee, as we have fate

4

and about two hundred and fifty herbs. The leaves of the

black-jacks (Quercus Catesbaei), throughout its range, were

ripened and more or less colored with ae but south of Talla-

hassee the red becomes intense. As we continued southward
we we

early part of the last century. There the Tallahasseeans betook
themselves to escape malaria. Just why the malarial mosquito

I2

s less plentiful in the Bellair Sand Region than in the Talla-
hassee Red Hills has not yet aaaoeesies been explained.

pee southward we came to open pine woods in
the western of the Gulf Hammock Resort Newport was
achieved in Ate time and there we secured our first bulbs of a

n

both flower and fruit. Some trees were so copiously laden that

they seemed about to succumb. The d has

broader leaf-blades and more Siongate and interrupted spikes

than the species further northward in the Coastal Plain, from

which it was recently separated. Thus, together with another
ie 0

an
= Florida, we have three species in the southeastern
Stat

A ie ew miles south of Newport near the confluence of the St.
Marks River and the Wakulla River lies the town of St. Marks.
This feueuuia dates back to the early Spanish occupation.

bo

Much of botanical interest occurs in the region thereabouts.
ee was a fine development of a willow (Salix longipes) along
the river. This willow was discovered the ia rlier part

f the last century. It has not a very ex xtensive age
r

r e middle states and the trees of hepa ae cilat
1 roneously referred to The wax-myrt
(Cerothamnus ceriferu. too, was abundant and, cur :

s
enough, was copiously ‘ifested with a parasitic vine, a dodde
(Cae glomerata

Having gone devi the region of the #t. Marks River from
Newport to its mouth, we returned through the region of the
Wakulla River. ig a sed es the western side of the river at

chee: idge. wamp
plants of a spider-lily (Hymenocallis) aa: nae a gigantic marsh
fleabane (Pluchea), with large leaves, the lower ones sometimes

or vot inehe S Bad and very large oe nord nae in
p lla Hammock

13

Region. This country is undulating. It is largely clothed with
SS pine aie black-jack, which grades into hammocks
composed of numerous hardwood deiduo and evergreen trees
and ane The 7 elements of the flora comprise over

about one hundred and fifty herbs. The Wakulla oes dee
ptly as an i

ense spr
excepting the Everglades and Silver Spring. This sera f
te)

aving apparently exhausted the possibilities of acquiring
further objects of our search in that eae se pie owing morning
about three ss found us on our w fields. The
main object was to view, at least, a pets nie territory
near the Gulf Cut where northern Florida and the peninsula

merge.

Dark night still prevailed when we reached Greenville, en

route to Perry. The only possible way to reach Perry, thirty
i Tw

tion. South of Greenville, just before dawn, we crossed a belt
of the Middle Florida Flatwoods and north of Perry we crossed

into the Gulf Hammock Region.
Fe phytogeographic region is larger than those described
fo)

the eae ae sae is exposed on the surface. Pine woods
are the prevailing type of plant cover. The streams and sloughs
are bordered by ae In all of them are present about
one hundred and twenty-five woody plants, including a dozen
vines, and between three and four hundred herbs.

Dawn came before we reached Perry. Near the dividing

unexpectedly one of the objects of our search, the coontie
leg ni aie or, in other words, the zamia so common in
he Everglade I } } " oe.

14

of the peninsula growing in northern Florida beyond the limits
of the northwestern extremity of the peninsula. Specimens
brought from north of the town — found growing in the
ae of Perry. Associated with the Zamia in the gardens was

n atamosco-lily (4 Ales “ania, then in full flower. This
is a native of the Andes uth ee It has snow-white,
somewhat starry flowers, ae is thoroughly naturalized in parts
of southern Louisiana. Both these once seemed to be immune

that the
yards at De Funiak Springs, western Sire This town is
much further north than Perry. It isin about the same latitude
as the mouth of the St. Mary's River or the northern boundary
of the Atlantic side of the State. Where these specimens were

obtained is still a mystery. So far, several scouts sent into the
u ares country between De Funiak Springs and the Gulf
cout a ile os to report a - wild Zamia.

oe at Perry. A blanket-

i aes een pulchella), whic h may have escaped from culti-

vation, and the e edie : ar sapae inca a sete piel
which decorated the ires the

the ani lo mmocks, but, unfortunately, either
lack of time or cnortnity forbade the collecting of specimens
The eee fro: rry to New! erry was tran ersed by rail.

Hammock Region mentioned on a preceding page

pappus of the golden-aster oe and the white of the
flat-topped Carphephorus. Especially were the plumose calyxes
of ‘“summer-farewell”’ (Kn chin eae pinnata a), which simulates a

ym he land TI m lik 1
without evident flowers, excep , which were tantalizingly
consp’ ut ertheless attractively colorful on account

nspicuous, b S
of the arene hued persistent leaves. The ponds and ditches

Le)

were the tlie spots in the landscape and they varied
greatly. me were filled with several species of rather hardy
ae (Cones, the yellow heads of which were visible
fro: eat di stances Other ponds, perhaps with deeper water,

e and m e

brown and those of the latter yellow. Herbaceous plants were
not the only inhabitants of ponds. Shrubs often aes aes
Two closely related kinds were evident, but they
associated in the same pond. The oe (Sebestiana lieu.
Stri a with its stiff broom-like stems and branches, appeared in
strong contrast with the pliable and ceepeaible looking queen-
root (Stillingia aquatica), with its sprawling branches and dis-
colored upper leaves and yellow spikes

Toward the Suwannee River the land became higher and we
entered a portion of the Peninsular Lime-sink Region. The

Palmetto) were i nce, usually growing i s y
do further south in the peninsula. The environs of Old Town
alg ak ion of ing been sane and used lo g

ar! wercu.
aquatica) and water-birch (Betula nigra); t os latter ace

d
black-jack ridges, which in turn gave way to mixed pine and
hardwoods.
Near Newberry, Zamia elie again appeared, and while
motoring from Newberry to Gainesville it was noticed at several
it. urin

worthy plant observed was Zamia umbrosa growing in a garden

1 There we found Zamia several high ie i Journal of The New York
rennin Garden 19: 74. 1918 28.

16

on East Main Stre This was evidently brought from the
hammocks east or eee of Gainesville. This species appar-
he two

like declining neta were n Of course, we had noticed
such trees other nie of oo State, but heretofore their
significance was not consi WeV' rt e many oo S

e had ee studied the several forms of the live-oak as

regards habit, foliage, and fruits ow, as far as habit is con-
cerned, there are two prominent types of the live-o in
grows with uplifted arms, so to speak. The other doesn’t. The

rti rred to above i e one which a
maturity becomes a well-known type of Florida live-oak—

ort, very thick t
and declining limbs, which form a uch wider than high.

greeted us each morning, yet there was more than enough of
botanical interest to occupy our attention, especially near the
coast line.

_ Jacksonville, first settled a little over a century ago, is on the

Our first day in that region was devoted to St. Marys on the
Georgia frontier. This town, once a prominent port and a

17

naval station, is situated on the northern bank of the estuary

of the St. Mary’s River, about nine miles from the Atlantic

Ocean. Were it not for a small part of the Okeefenokee Swamp
r

ae that surrounds the drainage basin of the Ole
S would is i

lorida.
a century ago two new plants were dis red at St.
Marys: The one a spider-lily (Hymenocallis aa, the
other a hop-trefoil (Ptelea Baldwin. We had hoped to redis-

im
oie but laden with ceiaeus fruits. In addition to the ever-
oaks, some of the heavier-leaved trees in the hammocks

e
rominent. This is one of the trees that ranges
from the higher mountains to the salt marshes of the coast.
Chinquapins were wanting, mace ew the wild animals
How

and were rapidly falling foe ie cen trees. The nite were

interesting in that the seeds had already begun to germinate in
the shells we were just falling out of the husks.

oe of the oe conditions, flowers were not wanting

eae shrubs. The numerous yellow balls of the

opoponax aad lei filled the air with nr violet
ckleber:

fragrance. The less pretentious squaw-hu or buck-
berry (Polycodium ante ee its numerous ne bells in
the thickets, whil humble coral-smilax (Smilax pumila)

Cacti did not fail us. The genus Opuntia Reis near the
salt marshes in ated forms: first, the crow-foot prickly-pear
(Opuntia Tracyi); second, Pollard’s prickly-pear (O. Pollardi),
and, third, a large- ates depressed prickly-pear of uncertain

oun jo spuepurd ayy, “‘punossyoeq ay} ur skem-r9yeM pue saysseur YM wood T -punosSa10} ‘OUT ur saunp ayy jo
Aqqning ‘aporysze sty J | premqseq =" BpHop 7

jo qsv09 uuaqsea ay jo qed years eB Suoye | paeaisam Barqoo| ‘MOIA ‘oasraqoesey9 v— VId ‘aNVIS] uaiian[ NO

19

relationship. The two former grew in the Piuenioes ieee
the latter occurred on the dune-like edges of the salt-m

St. Marys was laid out with a view to preventing eae
streets. All the streets are Sane ae and shaded with

public
which j is built of rocks that were brought there as ships’ ballast
from many parts of the world.
The second day was merken to the region about the mouth
of the St. John’s River and the dunes south of it. As we ap-
$

of th ki we had previously found in Florida or else-

where. Associated with the prickly-pea s a remarkable

thistle—a species of Cirsium. Only the basal rosettes of leaves
uch

basket, and the large leaves were of a light gray color and
very spinescent.

The dunes between Atlantic Beach and weve Beach were
mostly wellshrub-clad. Palms d by the cabbage-
tree (Sabal Palmetto) and the saw- -palmetto (Serenoa repens).
The hard-wood shrubs were chiefly wax-myrtle (Cerothamnus),

a

(Callicarba): All re shrubs were often bound oo an almost
i i the ra nt br. y i

of bamboo (Smilax Beyrichii and S. lau rifolia) and two grape-
i ).

s
S
oO
wn
ee
=
7
nn
a
8
3
coe
8
is
8
wo
5
a
me
=
5
cy
8
Q
iS
g
=
&
was
2&8
GB
o
a
3
8

The oaks were often fantastic objects as a result of the action
of the almost continuous winds from the ocean. The more
striking form assumed by several kinds of oaks might be called
the umbrella or mushroom form. The trunks were only about

20

six feet tall with the fae sprea pea horizontally from the
to

of the trunk for a of twice the length of the trunk.
e of our rarest ae ‘(Helianthus aa grew among

the shrubbery. This plant was collected only once before.
noon we drove t ort, which is ay on

the southern side of the mouth of the St. John’s Riv

objects of our Ss nae were wild- sale plants (Peperomia
and prickly-pe We e disappoin in our search for
these rt he ees escent for the as of the yer
a ai Lee acne cyt).
and- rae eee but shell-mounds were scarce

cate as in nae fruits of most of our _ The other fal Is

several times larger and ee The flowers of bot.

Fr ilot Island we cros. od over to Fort George Island.
soon 0. e kitchen-midden: the aborigines and we
anticipated the finding of the wild-pepper plant ght

°
=i
a
3
co
8
<
o
®
o
al
o
<
°
ee
ct.
im
o
7
is}
©
n

and humus yielded little of interest in the way o plants. How-
ever, our search on the hammock floor of the undisturbed parts
of the mound soon was rewarded by the dkecen of the wild-

21

pepper plant we sought. It was on shell heaps at the mouth of
the St. John’s River, most likely on this very mound, that this
curious pee plant was discovered in Florida by Nathaniel
Ware! in 1817. ater this early discovery about half a century
otk f species of Peperomia was found in Florida.
Within the next three decades three additional species of Pepero-
mia were found. Thus, there are now five different kinds known
: They : mae

g
8
a

Cur
mic § seas pala ene the one under baie ea ot
This ee grows, as far ow know, only on the refuse
heaps left by the: F oa aborigines. It is oan only from
th i

It ihe to look as if this curious plant had some part in the
the ancient inhabitants of Florida, perhaps in their
ecclesiastical economy, just as the ia and other plants
did in the case of the ancient and modern peoples—savage and
civilized of various parts of the Old World and the New.
Whatever may have been its relation to the lives of these old
people, the removal of their kitchen-middens for road-making
materials seriously threatens its existence.

Wandering through the hammock on the shell heaps were a
ackeys. - ese are seme Seana rather

vi © woo
between Jacksonville and Yulee were desolate. Several miles
east of Yulee flowers began to appear, sparingly, however.

2 Nathaniel A. Ware (17 id to I b ti f Massachu-
setts, but most of his live was nee nt in the southern states. He studied and
practiced law in South Car olina, but petted at Natchez, Mississippi, in terri-
In lat

torial days (before 1817), n later
ears he lived at Philadelphia and Cincinnati, and he died at Ga Siaee
His interest in the natural sciences was well known; Nall described man:

new species of plants collected by him in East Flor rae West Flor! ida,

and dedicated to him the cruciferous genus Warea.—.

22

On = upper end of ne ee near Fernandino, saw-
palmetto (Serenoa repens) a in quantity, and elder
ae silage ), both eens in flower. Acres of
Aster exilis grew soit about = marshes. On the higher land
fine hammo red the sand. The hickory
Ruane infested a mistletoe Oaks were often dominating
elements live-oak, water-oak, willow-oak, and

)

in
and. Tow ree cr end the ham pene
t

po
In addition to the saw-palmetto, the cabbage-tree (Sabal
Palmetto) was present, although ad ee
The hammo quite a summe In
to the evergreen oaks and mag: nolias, its leathery’ leaved tee
as red-bay (Tamala littoralis), devil-wood (0.
holly (flex fe ca sae — oe pie greatly

modified the of w of t nch-
mulberry (C ie pee te, te a a ae fe ee
of bead-like clusters of bright purple fruits iant trees,

. The g
aside from the live-oaks, were sugar-berries (Celtis mississip-
iensts), sometimes with warty prickle-armed trunks two or
three feet in diameter.
Among the few herbaceous plants in Beane a dog- fennel
se

halimtfolia) was conspicuous on account of its cottony fruiting
heads.
Westward from the island lay extensive marshes. These had

the general aspect of the Everglades, but their plant covering
was a marsh- -grass (Spartina) Sa not saw-grass (Cladium). It
on

fruits with very small seeds. The flowers were not observed.
So much for the interior - Amelia Island.

23

The active sand-dunes ee their ieee hammocks held
much of interest The hammock is stunted, wind-worn and

movements. They are picturesque and grotesque—topo-
graphical hobeobling, as it Were: They mmOVE pion: there and
when the and other
objects for a while = then passing ae and releasing the
objects they have bur

Few plants ee he se shifting sands. The Spanish-
bayonet (Yucca aloifolia), saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens

bage-tree (Sabal Palmetio), and wax-myrtle (Cerothamnus

sides of the hillocks in — ae but always huddled
together—hugging one another, o speak, like fr cies
children—in seeming ee of their precarious existen

i ding.
Altogether this dune country suggests a miniature Sahara,
except that the oases are mostly on the elevations instead of in
the depressions.
JouN K. SMALL
(To be continued)

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER

The November conference of the Garden staff and registered
students was held in a museum building on Wednesday,
November The am was as follows:

te leaios in Florida i in ie Sariig of 1922."-—Dr. J. K.
Small.

“Bolivian Species of Vernonia.’’—Dr. H. A. Glea

Dr. Small in his talk on exploration in peninsular Florida and
on the Florida Keys in the spring of 1922 illustrated the results

specimens and by photographs. The main aon were
grouped under: 2 noteworthy extensions of the geographic
ranges of rare species, (b) the endemic and otherwise eae
flora of kitchen ee aboriginal village sites, and Indian
burial mounds, (c) the tropical plant-covering of the kitchen-

24

middens of the eastern and western coasts, (d) the specialized
and endemic flora of the ancient sand-dunes of the southern

peninsula. A full acco a ae this trip will be published in due
time in the Journal.

Dr. H. A. Gleason spoke on - genus Vernonia in Bolivia,
where 52 species are now known to occur. Included in this
list are six new species, some of "which were collected for the

only, and the great bulk of the genus belongs to the widely

distributed section Lepidaploa. Within this section, six minor

groups may be distinguished by the characters of the inflorescence.

Exploration of parts of Bolivia is still deficient, and it is quite
1 hl 1 lA ‘eouat: Fi 1 f, 4.)

the southern border, and many Brazilian forms in the eastern
and northeastern portions.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Pi for November: The total precipitation for the
onth was 1.08 inches, of which 0.05 inch (one half inch by

minimum temperatures wi
32° on the 17th and 24° on the 26th. The first ice of the autumn
formed across the middle lake in the night following ie 2ist.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Daniel Guggenheim

Fritz Achelis Murry Guggenheim
Edward D. Adam: J. Horace Harding
Charles B. bide J. Montgomery Har
Vincent Astor Edward S. Harkness
John W. Auchincloss Prof. R. A. Harper
George F. Baker . Amo Hit

H
Stephen Baker T. A. Havemeyer
Henry de Forest Baldwin A. Heckscher
Edmun ylies Joseph P. Hennessey
Prof. Phares P. Berkey Bernhard Hoffmann
“ae Ps eg cher a deen
C. K. G. Billin

George mlgierthal
Walter B. oe
Otto H.

Prof. Sees Kemp

Dr. Nicholas M. Butler Darwin P. Kingsley

rof. W.H. Carpenter = Edw. V. Z. Lane’!
Prof. C. F. Chandler Dr. Albert R. Ledoux
Hon. Cla rof. Frederic S. Lee
C. A. Coffin olph Lewisohn
Marin Le Brun Cooper Kenneth K. Mackenzie
Paul D. Cravath verit Ma

mes Edgar L. Marston

Dr. H. M. oa ees McAneny
Pleveland H. D John L. Merrill
Samuel W. fea Mills
William B. O. Field
James B. Ford

. Lew
Prof. W. J. Gies Fr cfeae ee Ee baldl

C. D, Norton

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. ase Pack
Henry Phip

i a pean

James R. Pitcher

Ira A. Place

Hon. Anning S. Prall
Charle:

Valentine P. ss

ames Spe
Frederick cea
F. K. Sturgis
B. B. Thayer
Charles G. Thompson
W. Boyce Thompson
Dr. W. Gilman sora he
mee (Chain

H. H. occa aed
Bronson Wint
Grenville L. a

Members of the Women’s Auxilliary

Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish eet
Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Delancey Kan
Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel
Mrs. Britton Mrs pate

Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. . Everit Ma
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. Henry tein

a A. Barton Hepburn Mrs. George W. Perkins
b . Hil Mrs. Harold I. Pratt
o. Walter Jennings

Mrs. William A. Read

=

G. Thompson

s. W.
ies Cabot Ward

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxilliary

Mrs. E. Henry Soba Mrs. Jas. A. eer
Mrs, John I. Kan Miss Olivia E. P. Sto

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

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Vol. XXIV February, 1923 No. 278

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS
Land of the Question Mark (continued) 26
A Rare Plant Re-discovered..............++--.. ciaiera ate steers bao decode 43
Experiments with Chinese Cabbage...... 44
Conference Notes for December ..........--ssesevoeces seceeeeeeeees 45
Notes, News and Comment...........s2.csseceeeseeseres sce eeeeeee 47

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JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV February, 1923 No. 278

LAND OF THE QUESTION MARK
REporRT ON EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER, 1920.
(Continued from last number.)
Down THE EAsTERN Coast

Thus three days were spent collecting on the recent and pleis-
tocene geologic formations. e eer of the fourth day
we started down the west side of the St. John’s for southern

side of the river. The old

the earlier cultivated lands, and thus they have lost much of
their original flora, w a nae is less varied than that of
the newer formations. a goldenrod (Euthamia
— was par fa conspicuous and lined the roadsides
for miles. Although the high lands were practically
jai ae low hammocks along the streams were somewhat
floriferous.

In the hammock of Black Creek we found very vigorous speci-
mens of Crinum, which grew in company with other aquatics,
such as spatterdock (Nymphaea), water- a. rae pickerel-
weed (Pontederia), and blue-flag (Iris). wild-rice (Zizania
cease growing gtoa height of has ce was also abundant.

the Hudson Bay region in Canada
to the Gulf of Mexico. Its fruits furnished the American abori-
gines and the later Indians an important food, and it is much
sought after by birds. The latter an may account for its wide
hie dietrihuti
> i

5

25

26

In a wet hammock south of Black Creek several tall asters
and a yellow marigold were in full bloom. The noteworthy plant

aie as a new alder (Alnus). It is related to the

ooth-alder (Alnus rugosa), which ranges from northern Florida
northward, but as erent leaves and aller fruiting
aments our course, west of hn’s, ferns, saw-

ents. Along our :
palmetto, and ‘scrub’ were scarce. After crossing the river
Be Pelaties these aa a ch more into eve a: lowering

n the pinelands aa go aes oe (Actinospermum) and

patches the “scrub.” Three palms, ca eco ae (Sabal

t inued on to Daytona. Almost impassable root
delayed us north of De Land, while, strange to record, fog
delayed us between De Land and Dayt The weather had
become chilly and the moisture verhanging the
m es and swamps condensed into terrestrial clouds, which
hung a few feet above the ground, and that our
spotlight would scarcely penetrate f On thi ad, a

te)
much traveled hi eee great caution tea to be observed,
therefore, in regard to speed.

At Daytona we pie the Halifax River to the ocean and
drove down the gas sand-dunes for the distance of ten miles
to Mosquito Inl

The rapt development of dunes and their plant-

clumps of He nea aa (Baccharis), although not pretty,
together with g and fruiting clusters of the tropical
hemp-vine ean cordifolia), lent “color” to the landscape

27

by its cottony or fluffy masses of papp The igi
lichen (Ramalina usneoides) too draped the. trees, A es sim
lating the bromeliad Florida-moss.

We were not long in finding oe -pears. The first one en-

countered was Fils same as that we had found in such grea
abundance on the dunes at fee ‘Beach east of ee
Although the plant covering of t unes is mostly woody,

herbaceous plants wan ; he le In fact,

t in the floristics.
two sages, the one red (Salvia coccinea), the other blue (S. Lyrata),
were flowering. The flowers of the latter species, which ranges
as far north as ig middle states, were of a much deeper b'ue
an in the

An idea of Ae very spot we visited on the dunes is well ex-
pressed in some lines written from observation made there in
December —— a century and a half previous to our visit,

by hime artra
he next aes ..., Whilst my companions were
is our tent, and preparing to re-embark, I resolved to
make a little oe excursion alone: crossing over a narrow
isthmus of sand hills, which separated the river from the ocean,

the beac
the Agave vivipara [A. neglecta, referred to above] (though com-
posed of herbaceous plants, I term it a forest, because their
scapes or flower stems arose erect near feet hi ae their tops

LWwiltt Hild} FT

tific work of his father, ee Bartram Gop, the first native American
botanist. He accompanied his fat o Florida in 1765, insisted upon
remaining there, and settled as a ‘planter on the St. John’ 's led eae he

linas, Georgia and a reported i in his published “Travels.” He was a
i enthusia John Hendley

Barnhart.

28

regularly branching in the form of a pyramidal tree, and these

nd grow
on the branches, until the scape dries, when the young plants
fall to the ground, take root, and fix themselves in the sand:
the plant nies — a prodigous size before the scape shoots up

rom its aving contemplated this admirable grove,
I ee eee the shrubberies on ane ba. ae of the river,

peared in full bloom. The broad-leaved sweet Myrtus, Ery-
thrina ig Cactus cochinellifer, Ci ce ah eee
and ainapete Ere conjugata, which stood close to
and in the of the river, ie in full bloom, with
ach aie mee scented flowers.
= orange-grove referred to by Bartram has mostly disap-
The remains of the forest of Agave is still there, but
ae ae were not in flower during our visit. However, there
were countless numbers of the little century plants referred to by
Bartram. We carried many of these to southern Florida to

m’s s r
Tam amala aeihes fs, hie Erythrina hacnanininee is ee ies
ellife i

ferred to on a previous page, his Ca. ie Sufulcor | is doubtless

jugata represents the bla: oa -mangrove (Avicennia nitida) which
we also found in that region.
ear Mosquito Inlet the vegetation on the northern side con-

yact May account for

low-wood (Dodonaea jamaicensis) e discovery of th
latter plant was a great surprise, as it had previously not been
found north of the Miami n. I very plentiful, and
b 10 it t t . This
fact for its distribution along the coast. It doubt-

! William Bartram, Travels, XV-XIX, 1792.

29

] +oath 1 bet on | } d

1,
ern geographical ee Animal life was scarce. Only gigantic
blue-birds and bald-eagles were in eviden

We eee the aoe at Port Grace. proceeded to New
Smyrna, and crossed back again to the dunes south of Mosquito
Inlet.

The marshes along the lagoon supported an extensive growth
of the black-mangrove (Avicennia), which was simultaneously in
flower and in fruit.

The wide dunes between the ocean and the lagoon had a more
scrubby growth then those north of the inlet. The scrub-oaks

palmetto jails the fight mune woven! the lagoon, how-
ever, ther f vegetation. It
wasa ae unusual, even unique, fore st. The main hard-wood

olisma ferrugin The trunks w I] and spindling and
both clo with, smooth bark. Among m two tropical
erbaceous vin nt soa (Mikania ae

fi
mber-vine with little etek eee and small spec ar
fruits

A curious phenomenon came to our notice here, and elsewhere

s well: the tropical beggar ticks (Bidens leucantha) had become
naturalized part icularly on partly disturbed shell heaps. A
common white butterfly was seen ante by the white
ciate 2 this plant. On several occasions we were sur-
prised to see a strange plant with eetonally large and showy
white foes, only to find, upon closer observation, ere of
butterflies on the heads of this common weed!

These Florida shell-middens are extremely eee =
— standpoints. Their floristics should be made em-
atic study by some one, for they support a more or ce LL

great shell- heaps between Daytona and New Smyrna are fast
being leveled, and with the process the rare wild-pepper plant

30

(Peperomia cumulicola) is disappearing. Little did the Florida
aborigines imagine how valuable their refuse heaps would be to
a successive race in making hard roads for automobiles in a land
where rock was scarce or wanting.

In the hammock on the dunes south of Coronado we were
surprised to meet a single large specimen of a spider-lily. Dili-
gent search through the surrounding parts of the hammock
failed to discover other plants. We await the flowering of this

blooming in the “scrub” was anelegant mint, a new species of Con-
radina. Below the mouth of the Lean ‘River the dunes were

twenty full-sized herbarium specimens. The fruits are pear-
s. ing.

ear Vero we came upon acres of one of the plants we especi-
ally ace a — lily. After collecting a large supply of
bulbs, nto Vero. There we found fields of the narrow-
jleaved pee ms (Solidago angustifolia) and the most sho
golden-aster (Chrysopsis) we have seen. It probably represents
i i i o the

pecies. 0s

coastal sand-dunes. The marshes of the lagoon were carpeted

wp a pure growth of the sy ee bats aa): of a most
un

he ammock-
clad. “The outer (ocean) and inner oe sides comprise

mos
trees are of all sizes and conditio: Many are naked-stemmed,
others are perfectly clothed with, boots” up to their crowns.

31

From St. Lucie Sound—the southern section of the Indian

plants growing on their dry tops just as vigorously ey do
own by the salt water. Among ae may be mentioned the
sea-grape (Coccolobis wvifera), coin-vine (Dalbergia Ecasto-

phyllum), aie aay (Opuntia ‘Dillenii), and dildoe (Acan-

sles ie ‘agon

igh ce about Hobe Sound ie pene is
t a

plant-covering es ae some exotics, such as t I-grass
Reiecnilg Osea. periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
ave taken possession a ae e areas of r d

half of the stem is clothed with dead black leaves and the uppe
half with vigorous bright-green leaves. However, these dunes
often support only a stunted woody growth. The oak forests
are sometimes only miniatures—knee-high—but the trees are
full grown. Associated with these bright-green oaks is the yel-
ee tallow-wood (Ximenia oo which, there, is
itt.

others along th tern coast the ta
rose-mallow (Hibiscus furcellatus) may . seen a i nein
purple nodding fi a t any time the year roun

is. Very
often different plants, herbaceous or aes ad taken possession
of the roadside, by sections, as it wi I i
nature had given special attention : - placing of the plants.
Of course, this arrangement was due to the advent to various
seeds or spores in the loose soil of the roadside and the subse-

co
.2
2g
=
°
3
n
oO
oO
3
is]
7

32
quent survival of the progeny . a ihe kind able to hold its

wn on a give
others, lining one or both ae “of the highway, latin
s Bip bea k Ble chnum), broom- on ss Gane. gall-
, palm-

etto een rosemary (Ce ratiola), sedge (Cype rus), ae

s:
the western horiz We were treated to a brilliant ps
whi reovi simu-

would be realized at last—that we should have a twenty-four
he field-day of ee but ine hopes faded with the rapid
flight of the double pageant in thesky. As usual in these lati-
tudes, night fell swiftly.

CENTRAL PENINSULAR FLORIDA

The little-known parts of the interior of the peninsula which
we had formerly traversed proved so unlike other parts of the
State that an extensive excursion there was planned and under-

t
of Florida. At Melbourne we struck into the interior. Back
of the settlement lie pine-woods and oak-woods. This region
represents the known southern limit of eee turkey-oak (Quercus
Catesbaei) on the eastern coast of Florida. This, too, is just
north of the divide, on the eastern matt ae the sources
of the north-flowing and a south- How wing streams.
Proceeding westward we came to a “scrub” ridge which, per-
S$, was a series of eer dunes when the land surface was less
elevated and the St. John’s River basin was a sea. Rai con-
figuration of the land along the eastern coast suggests that at
one time some of the stationary cence nd the Sees mdens of
i ee now part of the mainland lagoons
West of the ‘‘scrub”’ ridge we passed ease more a
nineente ins then gave way to prairies, and w
the upper water-shed of the St. John’s River, ae ay

33

rises in Lake Hellen ane just north of the ee Fields, a
e whe h

monly about six feet tall. The edges of the hammocks and their
natural ditches were lined with banks of yellow marigold (Bidens
corona
Prairie now een dominant and we soon came
ee

the gigantic clum Ss of arrow-heads Reais lancifolia : sae

peared. The tussocks among the palms and cypress trees were
i k

al
of yellow tickseeds and marigolds (Coreopsis and Bidens).

West of the prairie the land rose and pine woods were the
dominant plant association. The floral display there was not
extensive, but a half dozen kinds of flowers were evident as we
sped along. More prominent among them were the purple
plumes of the false hound’s-tongue (Trilisa paniculata) and the
white starry corollas of the grass-pink (Sabbatia Elliottit).

Ww r

rowt
with its round heart-shaped leaves and rotate white flowers,
simulated miniature pond-lilies.
The first Jarge body of water encountered was Alligator Lake
St

Tohopehaligo Lake, where we first series of
ub” since we had left the eastern stal reg -
ee at the northern of To aligo was finally achieved,

whence we drove northward to Orlando through a series of pine-

34

woods and black-jack (Quercus ues hess ak a wa
d co’

of fe eee eee aa parka oe of Polyge A
and Thysanella, reappeared. Th wth was large
areas of the dun S bhiebae) (Vaccinium M nD which grew

in almost pure colonies about waist

We had thus far pone ee a kind of ‘divide or water shed with
an east-west tren if the
lay beautiful iikes of clear water which appeared, as a aeealee, co
a deeper blue than the sky, often of a very deep blue.

cross some forty miles of unsettled country between Groveland
pes Lakeland. As we proceeded, the alt a cay fell

way to the crossing of the Withlacoochee. We passed over a
series of hills or areas clothed with black-jack (Quercus Catesbaei),

b e | e support e as cypr fasta .
ciduous hammocks. Few plants were in flow

lacoochee w. he ings relative (Gorphephr
and golden-asters (Chrysopsis) w e pro

th fo:

vigorous manner. The underground stem had already put
ee fag or hari fleshy eee four to eight inches in
len: These, of course, continue to grow and nae woody
a ae ioe the shru ie growth of the plan

The swamp of the Withlacoochee River, well ie with
moisture and somewhat protected from low temperature, was
qui rife ati ded.

bladder-worts—purple, Vesiculina purpurea, a How, Utricu-
laria infi he latter plant had golden-yello ollas
i or more in aaa tee ee to hee times the size of those of

the arge Jadderwort (U. radiata). The
tiny fae eee ee subulata) was plentiful on

35

he mossy banks and with it a relative, the eabees (Pin-
guicula pumila), mostly in different shades of blu

The largest development of peat-moss (Sphagnum) we neve
seen in Florida occurred in that swamp. We
however, in not finding spider-lilies or crinums awe in the
region

Traveling southward, the country again gradually became more
elevated and for man ed more desolate, almost flowerless,
and ambi ed. However, as soon as the fea ee of the
lake country were naa settlements, as nu n pro:
orn as they were deat eg we left Groveland, sppeated
and we passed puede

towns! We now began to climb and descend hills or ance
aun them a usally a ayer or a large lake in view. This
f 1 it d on rather elevated land, some

of the hills rising to more than two hundred feet in altitude.
In fact, the region is an irregular plateau with rolling hills, where
groves of the upland willow-oak often supplant those of the
ive-oak.

On coming out of the lower parts of the i oe uate water-

were blooming, particulany yellow-flowered kinds—St. John’s-
wort (Hypericum), St. Peter’s-wort (Ascyrum), yellow-buttons
Ss , an ers. atter stly pink and

negleta)—evidently Drought there front ne eastern coat

su shure but widely naturalized in hep oods. The
mspicuous native flower was the parae eet (Actino-

S.
the southern part there is much ee ie hing’ a series of

36

ancient dunes which were at one time, perhaps, on or near the
t any r.

gipporls a number of not only genera, but also species of flower-

ing ‘oie that are not found elsewhere.
Near Lakes Damon and Pythias large areas of ‘‘scrub’’ were

ae on the sand- ae simulated hoar-frost as a result of the
dew on the flufty f the grass. as set out through
tt f Kuhim:

h ] +h

he fo for man,
qwhichi is about a dozen niles oak of ares eae vege-
tation was wetter than we had ever seen it. The accumulation
of uae from the dew had neither wind nor rain to shake it
off the herbage and it clung as a thick coat until the sun was
well up in the sky,

Our objective was the old sand-dunes near Kuhlman. These
form a divide—the waters, draining eastward into Lake Istok-

it into Lake Okeec rse, the
waters of Lake Istokpoga also reach Okeechobee through th
Ki mee Ri any rate this divide and several other.

wr

sim ver.
n the vicinity furnish most interesting and prolific collecting
So in ee pean what might be fou ee there in summer
ally.

Although it was winter, we found several es herbs and Jarube
in flower.
Widespread plants, such as the blue-curls (Trichostema dicho-

plants, r e:
(Froelichia floridana), umbrella-plant (Eriogonum floridanum)
were everywhere on the sand hills. The large new pinweed

37

which we found on the old dunes near the eastern coast was
Am

S
in northern Florida. Sine nc the e has nes

emarkable phenomenon of these ancient dunes is te
s 0

not strange that a peculiar flora exists and that forms different
¥. pa = th paps Py - f, = i) Pi

part of their floristics. There are not only endemic species
there, but genera as well. One new genus has been referred to
: : ane

ding
(Hy pericaceae), but it is quite raat in habit from any of the

genera of that family heretofor
We penetrated as far south es aie sand hills as our motor
would take us, and then returning to Sebring we struck out
ns. t the

eastern edge of the sand-dunes we found some of the rare plant
we had collected in the forenoon ei towards Kuhlman, and
then we pressed on towards the prair:

Prairie fires and subsequent rains had resulted in a fresh and
brilliant green plant-covering against which the bordering
hammocks and hammock islands looked black. The prairies
were a less rich in flowering plants than the sand-dunes.
The greenery was bespangled here and there with the white

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 48. 1920 and 22: 38.
1921.

‘UMOIS [BOTIOUL
“syMo18 paoue[eq-19A0 pue TepnBaeriy ayy Jo 1YsIeEM ay

-wAS © pUe YUNA} ayf-uWIN]OO B YM sMmoi8 Sy sity} sauutpaW0S
pue lense ue

qaoddns 03
-xa Aysnonuyqu0e ne By StL “(wyjofiaosq ‘SAtg) “,wesued., aatzeu ay} ye “unn,, ayL— eq ‘end e ypouwey uy

39

stars of the meadow-pink (Sabbatia agers wee of
of th vid

- ’ wi
yel ohn's-wort (Hypericum apalthide), and Fe
greenish-yellow ues golden od (Ch nie nudata). On
e@ margins of the prairies were ped praeiier y thickets or
tangles. The vine-like branches grew to a h i: four or

Pp
Thus were formed matted jungles of stems and branches that
rose above the prairie level.
About the Kissimmee River we found large snapping-turtles,
the first we had seen, ancy made ia ees kind we had ob-
Th +h

servi e gopher, the green-
turtle, and the common land tortoise. The “snappers’’ were
probably disturbed by the exceptionally high water of the river,
which flooded the causeway which crosses the wide flood-plain
of the river between Fort Bassenger and the settlement of
i enger.

across the Kissimmee we decided to make a bee-line for
the pain noe instead of making a wide angle by running

to impassable wet prairies, so we turned southward towards the
Fort Bassenger trail and proceeded toward Okeechobee City
that way.

The Okeechobee prairie was quite barren of flowers, except
on an occasional oasis, so to speak, where palm trees, bayber:
bushes and dwarf grew. on one of these garden ae we
found two pay s asters, two go saute (Solidago), t

golden-ast (Ch, two butterworts (Pinguicula) aad
Ge all; in full bloom. But therea ie rain set in and it

i
tinued—and so did we,—passing eae bearing nor inhabi-
tant all along the many long miles t t Pierce, except four
Seminole girls who rode three horses, a Baines these Indians

ericoides) and the dodder-like vine, Cassytha americana. The
latter is essentially leafless and the former is as copiously leafy

40

in proportion as the cae is ae ie as plant is mostly
o be

o that of some heath Hower and also to that of He buckthorn
uneto The cassy tha—parasitic vine I

nt than usual! and had even infested the spruce- pine.

round cover. Som
see (Tricholaena rosea), others with periwinkle re
To see the dark-green rosemary bushes ears a
arising out of a wine-colored sea of the Natal-grass or one
varicolored flowers of the periwinkle was an incongruous si aL
e made a preliminary Seminetiod of the elevated cypress
heads between ie and Kelsey Cit Th

5
iwied

active, instead : dormant as it was when we we ere Ww
terrestrials were blooming, however. Boltonia, Aster, and Eri-
Ci e represented among the herbs. The pond-apple

(Annona glabra) and the cocoa-plum (Chrysobalanus pellocarpus)
were the oe connon oe i see co peep eels elements,

however, were thickly
placed on the cyiress tices: Not less than eight kinds grew
air-plants (Dendropogon usneoides, Tilla
sia aloifolia, T. utriculate, T. fasciculata, istana, T. tenut-
folia, and T. and one orchid (Encyclia tampensis)
he lings of oaks and other trees usually spring up un-
evenly and diverse in e, so that the few that do survive
are quite irregular in size and e ever, near the sh

rule. On the sandy slope seedling live-oaks had sprung up and

tenfeet. They were almost
ualorm in height of ‘trunk, diameter of trunk, oe shape of
crown. The growth was quite exceptional.

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 200. 1922.
1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 85. 1920,

4I

For the distance of twenty miles south of Palm Peach we made
further studies on coastal dune plant-associations. The
prominent herbaceo athens then was the beach sun-
flower (Helianthus debilis): a her times it is the blue beach-
verbena (Verbena — fe the tide-limit comparatively
few kinds of plants may be found at any time. os principal
kinds are the sea-oats (Uniola pi pA tall coarse grass,
the beach-ragweed (Artemisia ae nee d the eae shrub

lo nore a bright cand gro’ i bate fa —

of the coastal dunes are mostly covered with aes —
wind- He stunted plants of various shades

constitu nts of this woody plant covering fall, ae ene ed
nto ae groups, which may be designated major and minor:

re the former the ee (Coe Hie the ca hae
tree (Sabal Palmetto), w-pal o (Serenoa repens), t

cocoa-plum oo as a e poison-wood a

pium Metopium) stand out as the more prominent species. The

s, A, neglecta), Leraviglitig-Ae (Ficus cals Pre
bayonet (Face ee ee potato-bush (Solanu
bahamense), \antana (Lantana lia), ernodea (Ernodea hit
toralis), black- mets (Erithalis oe snow-berry (Chiecocca
racemosa), marlberry (Icacorea paniculata), and myrsine (Ra-

. a)

Qu
8
s.
&

In passing it may be of interest to ee that in the dune
hammocks at the northern end of t astern coast line the
major elements are the red-cedar oe silt), ee cassena
(Ilex pennies oaks (Quercus, several species), American-olive
(Osmanthus americana), xolisma (NXolisma ferrugi ae spice-tree
(Anamomis Simpsonii). The minor elements are French-
mulberry (Callicarpa americana), gale-berry (Ilex glabra), ae
horse-sugar (Symplocos tinctoria). Thus we may notice quite

42

a different assemblage of plants on the coer dunes, = and

south. As may be seen on a preceding page, the northern and

southern elements meet and mingle in ce coastal ee
about Mosquito Inlet

Up THE EASTERN COAST

time we returned from the central part of the peninsula
s it. O

few days at our disposal. However, a nua view of the
flora of the entire eastern coast was decided o Consequently,
one forenoon found us in the Cape Sable region, over the Dade-
Monroe County line, and near ae coast.

The surface of the land there, or the accumulated sand, marl,

or humus, is supported on the Lossman’s River limestone—a
somewhat cherty white solid or porous stone. West of Cuthbert
Lake! and West Lake? conditions of ec on botanic interest
have lately been disclosed through the digging of a canal and
building of a highway to connect Cape Sable with the lower

us and other debris. In the lower spots, the aes the
ep i i t k

limestone is much deeper and it is buried bene: thi
tion of peat pe peace of a hammo overt
ense of saw-grass (Mariscus jam aula eces
(Typha Se or rush (Juncus Bee
when this part of the State was higher, or, perhaps, even a viele

ower, in past geologic times, the present fone portions
were the islands, while the present marshes s were channels, bays,

or other caus y hav t off the pee of the tides, after
which these lagoons rapidly filled with eae and ee aes
present nearby la r lagoons

e channels owe thei
existence to the fact that the tidal aon, is still iene oe

1Journal of The New York ere Garden 17: 189-202. 1916.
Cape Sable region of Florida 1-27.

2 Journal of the New York Botanical Cues 22: 204. 1921.

43

to prevent their being hi eae with solid matter. The

major climax vegetation of the rshes comprises the three
plants mentioned abov ” OF course, coe ements are present,

Il of which we hop tudy in a seaso. er than winter.
Naturally, the in of Cea channels and tan into Mee
is very gradual as is, in fact, the whole process of natu: uch
a region. The evelopment of the hammocks and de oat
of the individual shrubs and trees, moreover, appears to be slow,

as is evidenced by the ee development of the epiphytic
lichen flora, which appears to be extensive as well as copious.
Clinging and hanging kinds of lichens are conspicuous every-
a in the hamm pO

hal

i: for Ban phibious woody ae vines, shrubs, and trees,
of all sizes and shapes. e herbaceous plants that have been

similar in habit to Hee one we found at the mouth of the St.
j :

it was not until several hours after we collected specimens that
our hands, faces, and clothes were free of the adhesive particles.
(To be concluded)

A RARE PLANT RE-DISCOVERED

than seventy years ago the distinguished scientist-
eee Richard Spruce discovered a new kind of tree in the

0

were unable to decide what were Hie general relations hi ips aE the
plan it left me twenty-
five ees n the eminent English botanist George Bentham
cha it ene giving it a generic name Fifteen
years more elapsed before a German botanist, anne without

44

seeing the plant, added a specific name and called it Lissocarpa
thami

ed by Spruce
material is probably in poor condition, for the structure of the
flowers is still uncertain
During a Tecent collecting trip to British Guiana, a small tree

were Spruce’s long-lost Lissocarpa tie ee sa
specimens were collected in 1922 along the r Maz.
River in northwestern British Guiana by our tedoa eile

While Lis.
the attention of collectors for practically 70 years, these recent

r
that it probably grows throughout the whole intervening Pepions
hich is very poorly known botanically.
H. A. Gesieon:

EXPERIMENTS WITH CHINESE CABBAGE

A conspicuous feature of the plants at the propagating house
at his cn oh year is a collection of some six hundred plants
of C many of them with ia or part of their flower-

clusters covered ‘by y paper bags. The pre esent a a of the
r. A. B,

out.
Studies of Chi bb he Gard
for several years. For this work, the plants are not encouraged
to “head u ae but are pate to bloom. They send up tall
stalks bearing many small yellow flowers of the oe typical of

| is eee by hand, removing only one or two bags at a

45

time, and applying the pollen from some one chosen flower.

pn of heredity can be Lae eel The particular sud in
rogress this winter is on the effect of cultural conditions upon
a ability of these plants to form seeds.

Although the plant is called Chinese cabbage, it is really more
closely related to the turnip, and this relationship is indicated
by the delicate crpip: -like Haver we leaves. When properly
headed, Chi ellent salad plant, bearing
a large long head of very crisp tender leaves. In this form it is

for h re must be grown in the cool par the
season, either in spring or fall, and be carefully protected against
a number of insect enemies, panera the common cebeee orm.
Poorly cared-for plants s t

some of them dehntele ia injurious while others are beneficial in
that they prey upon the harmful ones
Hester M. Rusk.

46

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR DECEMBER
December conference was held on Wednesday, December

‘am:
“The Fossil Flora of Alaska.’ eu oe Hollick.
The Taccaceae. "—Mr. K. R

k in our existing flora and associations of species and

genera ane as have not aoe a elsewhere in rocks of equi

valent geologic age. Cycads of Jurassic type are found asso-
bee er | ith dd hted Cc

ciated
of more modern type are found associated with tertiary angio-

etc.). No such associa Been has ever rbeen found amionmequivalent
S floras aes in _Am Cycads ha a aia

time, as at the presen there were milder
than in the same ee in the interior and on the Atlantic

r
Guiana. aie the only other genus of the family, with

an
Tacca mainly in its ena capsule,

47
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

About 300 biology students from Evander Childs High School
visited the Garden on Tuesday morning, January 23, and were
nge I

types of uu ean there. On coming out of the conser-
vatory and o to the museum building the nearby
collections of oe aad deciduous trees tudied, attention
as directed to their characteristic winter condition by which
y may Pe cae the museum they inspected the

T

room where an Masta talk on “The American Forests’
was given by Mr. Hastings.

and Mrs. Britton and Dr. Seaver sailed for Porto Rico on
Saiiay. January 20. Dr. Britton will continue aa studies of
the flora of the island, and Dr. Seaver will pursue studies of
fungi, in connection with Dr. Chardon of the ae es
Station

Small returned from Florida January 10, after a very
successful botanical oe bringing back to the Garden
many valuable access

T nuary conference of the scientific staff and registered
students of the Garden was held Wednesday, January 3.
program consisted of reports of the Boston meeting of the
American Association for the ey vancement of Science by Dr.
Mel T. Cook and Dr. R. A. Har

ech for December: The total precipitation for the
onth was 2.94 inches, of which ee inches (3.75 inches by
snow measurement) fell as snow. The maximum fp oun
recorded for each week were: 56° on the on 54° on the 4th, 43°
on the 12th, 43° on the 24th and 47° on the 26th. The minimum
temperatures were: 16° on the 11th, 19% on the 13th, 14° on the
oth and 14° on the joth.

Meteorology for the year 1922: The total precipitation for the
ar at the New York Botanical Garden was 45.48 inches. This
was distributed by months as follows: January, 1.75 inches
(including 7 inches snow measurement); February 2.41 inches

48

(including : ca snow measurement); March, 4.85 inches
(including 0 inches snow measurement); April, 2.54 inches:
May, 5. . oe: nar 8. Maes July 7.09 inches; August,
2.20 inches; Sept e nches; October 1.76 inches;
November, 1.08 eee ae ¥% inch snow measurement);

December, 2.94 s (including 3.75 inches snow measure-
ment) total snowfall for the year 5 e
The maximum t ture for the year was 97° on the 16th of

August; the minimum was —2° on the 17th of February. The

first killing frost of the autumn was on the morning of the 21st

of October, when a temperature of 28° was reached. The latest

freezing ou perature of the spring was on the 29th of April,
n 32° was recorded.

Among the visitors to the Garden who enrolled i in the et
t Dr.
N. J., Mrs. Flora W. Linea and Mr. Ww. W. Eg gleston,

Mr. oe Prete, ‘Allentown, Pa., Mr. John M. Fogg, Phila-
delphia, Pa., Mr. Robert Pyle, West Grove, Pa., Mr. O. W.
aoe North Clarendon, Vt., Prof. G. R. Bisby, Winnipeg,
Can., Mr. C. Boyle, Royal College of Science, Dublin, Ire.,
Dr. Mario Calvino and Dr. Eva Mameli de Calvino, Santiago
de las Vegas, Cuba, Dr. ee Skottsberg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
and Dr. Seiya Ito, Sapporo, Jap

In the Philippine Journal of Science, 21: 131-148, August,

three sp n

collections on this ill-fated trip ae sae studied and enumer-
ated by other authors, and tl very important
contribution to knowledge. It will be recalled that prior to his
service with the Philippine Islands Bureau of Science, Dr. Rob-
inson was an Assistant Curator at the Garden, and is commem-
orated here by the Charles Budd Robinson Fund.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Daniel Guggenheim C. D. Norton
Fritz Achelis Murry Guggenheim Eben E. Olcott
Edward D. Adams J. Horace Harding Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Charles B. Suing J. Montgomery Hare Chas. Lathrop Pack
Vincent A: Edward S. Harkness Pat Ph ae
John W. silos Prof. R. A. Harper R. Pie
George F. Baker J. Amory Haskell ae R. eaves
Stephen Baker T. A. Havemeyer Ira A. Place
a. rs ae Baldwin A. eae Hon. Anning S. Prall
ylies Joseph P. Hennessey Charles F. Rand

Pat as, P. Berkey Boake Hoffmann Ogden Mills Reid
Eugene P. Bicknell Archer M. Huntington Prof. H. M. Richards
C. K. G. Billings Adrian Iselin John D. Rockefeller
George Blumenthal Dr. Walter B. James W. Emlen Roosevelt
George S. Brewster Walter B. siaie Prof. H. H. Rusby
Prof. N. L. Britton Otto H. K Dr. Reginald H. Sayre
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess Prof. ang F. Kemp Mortimer L. Schiff
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler Darwin P. Kingsley Albert R. Shattuck
Prof. W. H. Carpenter = Edw. V. e age Henry A. Siebrecht
Prof. C. F. Chandler Dr. Albert R. Ledoux Valentine P. Snyder
Hon. W. A. Clark Prof. Frdierié S. Lee James Speyer
C. A. Coffin Adolph Lewisohn Frederick Strauss
Marin Le Brun Cooper Kenneth K. Mackenzie _ F. K. Sturgis
Paul D. Cravath V. Everit Macy
James W. Cromwell Edgar L. Marston Charles G. Thompson
Charles Deering W. J. Matheson W. Boyce Thompson
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow George McAneny Dr. W. ene he
ee H. Dodge John L. Ae rill Louis C. Tiff:

muel W. eae Ogden M Felix M. Warthts
ics B. O. Fie Hon. aan L. Mills Paul M. Warburg
James B. Ford Barrington Moore Allen Wardell
Henry W. de Forest J. Pierpont Morgan H. H. Westinghouse
Robert W. de Forest Dr. Lewis R. Morris Bronson Winthro;
Prof. W. J. Gies Frederic R. Newbold Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Women’s Auxilliary
Mrs. George A. Armour Mrs. Bradish Johnson Mrs. William A. Read

Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. James Roosevelt
Miss Elizabeth Billings | Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Mrs. Benson B. Sloan
Mrs. N. L tton Mrs. rs. Theron G. Stro:

rs. A. A. Low M ng
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. V. Everit Macy Mrs. Edw. T. H. Talmage
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. Henry Marquand Mrs. Henry a iat
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn Mrs. George W. Perkins Mrs. W. G. Thompson
Mrs. Robert C. Hill Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs. Cabot Wad
Mrs. Walter Jennings

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxilliary

Mrs, E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser Mrs. F. F. Thompson
Mrs. John I. Kane Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

ak Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift

or by bequest shall entitle ae ‘conenbiton to be a benefactor of the Garden.

2. Patrons

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the oe a gift

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Gard

3. ran for oe

The contribution of $1000.00 or more t funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the eoatabiee to bea ate for life of the Garde

4. Fellowship Members

Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for _

life when their payments Pe peeie $1000.00

5. Sustaining Members

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become
fellows for life when their payments ee $1000.00.

6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00.
All members are entitled to the following privileg
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the Bae: a the Board of Managers.
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers.
3. A copy of all handbooks published by ak ais
4. A copy of all annual reports and bullet
5. A copy of the monthly Journal

6. Privileges of the Board Room. =

7. Life Members

$250.00.
Information
mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered —
on botanical or ES, subjects. Docents will accompany any membe ers
“el the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building ©

at 3 o'clock
Form of Bequest

I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorpaaaa
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of..

Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of

eS ia en Ss ee

Vol. XXIV March, 1923 No. 279

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS
A Trip to Pico Turquin 49
Land of the Question ee (concluded)..... 62
70
Conference Notes for February . 1
Public Lectures during April.................. os 71
Notes, =i PUTT! CU TTOTT Cy VERA So a Or ei 72

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Cory

tenn a THE GARDEN

LancastTse, Pa.

peter Printine Company

OFFICERS, 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE
VicE-PRESIDENTs by pee W, ee eFOREST
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT Teestnee ey RY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires J Rial 1924

N. L. BRITTON EWIS RUTHERFURD MOREY
HENRY W. DeFOREST ERED ERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON . GILMAN THOMPSON

Term expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH Page

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGT! MOOR

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. rain ee

ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGA

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STUR'! Gis

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorkK
HON ue * ae
THE PRESIDENT OF T NT OF PuBLic PARKS
HON. FRANCIS. DAWSON GALLATIN

3. ae ge ae

PROF. R. HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS ee orEe BUTLER DR FREDERIC Ss
PROF. ey J. G HON. GEORGE J. R
PROF. JAMES KEMP PROF. TERBERY M. ARICHARDS
PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)

r
DR. a Ke ‘SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
R. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor of Public Instruction
i ts,

‘AR ‘urator
DR. FRED J. S EAVER, Curator (Flowerless ben
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, admins bte Assis
WI LSON, Assn Curator
ee A. Beat ORD, Associate: Curator
B. STOUT, Director. a the Laboratorte.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY B HART, Dibbicrreher
a BOYNION. Head Gar
ARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY , Honorary Curator 1 of ¢ the Economic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON , Honorary Curator of Mosses
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanist
. H. M. DENSLOW, Honorary Custodian
COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian
F ineer

nt
ARTHUR Tr CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV March, 1923 No. 279

A TRIP TO PICO TURQUINO

ra number of years, I have been wishing to visit: Pico

circumstance, when, last June, came the notice that an expedi-
tion to that mountain was plaane d by Mr. St ee Bruner,
a)

tunity of co me g in extensive regio! Besides the
a ork ee was Ba chicf purpose, they ob-
tained fro a POMENAIS orio Nacional” several instruments to

make ied observations and also to a te height
of the chief peaks, especially that of Pico Turqu
e av:

left an and after aa six are in
the train we st d at Yara, a small station between Bayam
and Manzanillo, famous for being the plac ere the first
war began for nae in 1868. ere we were hospitably
attended by the Mayor, Sr. Camacho, and especially by the
Judge, Sr. Rogelio Matos. The day after, De an arrived,
= after buying food supplies an ts, we started,

ti
n July 6 in the morning, for Nagua, a small village 13 miles
aad among the first foothills of Sierra Maestra. We

49

50

all went on foot, for the purpose 7 pa in the savannas
and raid swooded hills along the way. When we re sip ie
del Cerro, we were much nee to ys the presence of
ele ee of Pinar del Rio savannas, such a eee * Neesii
Sporobolus cubensis, and also Bursoninia verbascifo lia of Isle of
Pines, together with many hybrids of this species with B.
crassifolia. Finally, we reached Nagua late in the afternoon,
receiving cordial! hospitality at — na of D. Joaquin Rio, as
soon as we let him know our pur

The day after we thought it eae while to go back to Sabana

s, found
and a tre robably new . science, from Zabala
hill were ne nie rare dhangs encountered. A storm of unusual
violence made our return somewhat difficult, several rivulets
bio suddenly ee d into swift rivers.
n July 8th all the party crossed Yara river, near our head-
Pe in Guayabal de Nagua, in order to visit the low Muca-

so h re species, as for instance a Dorstenia unknown to
us, Triscenia ovina, and others ehind home, we found
also large clumps of Tripsacum dactyloides, a > of the grass

S

family not yet detected in Cuba, and at the same place the rare

Psychotria auriculata collected He once, . Charles ey
In the meantime, everything was ploise for a stay _ abou

three weeks in the mountains, far fro yy habitation, se:

con

times they remained necessarily four, five or even seven days
without being put in the press and sometimes were injured by
rain.

On July to we started from Guayabal de Nagua, and to

avoid Yara river below its chief tributary, the Nagua, swollen

51

by the recent rains, we went through Arroyo and Sabana del
Corojo, the Colonia woods and Sabana del Peladero. The
ra is n 3

cliff aut is hardly ee res for a single man. After crossing

ny time: e river and its tributaries: rio Providenca an
arroyos aa Salto, ‘del Cristo, del Angel, del Corazén y del
B

um Des
meters tall, an number of other specimens, sone them a
bi 3

d on

the stingless Cuban bee, anes aes alpen fulvipes),
whose cells have the size and shape of an egg or little less, with
a honey better than the common one

July 11. We prosecuted our nach along Yara river,
leaving on our right the arroyos de Domingo and del ake
The barometer showed an altitude of 280 meters. The

pest :

he four cl
Loma del Naranjo followed immediately by Loma del Sabicu,

| re the bre a ing place of many mosquitoes. Two kinds
there, one of which—the ‘‘folofi”

Pico Turquino seen from M id 1300-1400 m.

1 y 1 hl }

ur guides, apparently convinced of the theory of

» Myrt € splay
. ferns of all kinds. The manaca”” pa alm Sie i yptr ogyne ee

legs in an with unpleasant irritatio
oe some mn oe pen of us ia the feet and legs i

were sufficient to produ uce it, for we were pve ioe
f hem

gatas,”’ or emp, feral ping
over the boulders of Yara river or iar crossing the ae eaks
of the Maestra, but not so good to walk among the pointed stems
of the shrubs cut down to make the wa
July 12. We left Sabicu Camp and preceded to the southeast,
r main ridge. None of the ‘pra
had yet gone to Pico Turquino, and from that place up to the
summit, the only true guide was Dr. Ekman. Botanically, the
_ peaks of that crest are moana and on one of them we col-
" lected: a number of rare species such as Solonia reflexa, a genus
f th b

their flight hill where we ate our poe is at pilaes ca
_ meters whence we turned west tward, crossing a regio: ere
there are small clusters of pine with a ceaecene wht

flowered Coccocypselum on the ground, alternating with ‘‘fan-

54

"a wet und flora, characterized by a large amount of
a cbse and Dicranopteris. We stopped at
night not very far . rom the base of Loma de Palma Mocha, at
1r0o0 meters altitu

July 13. Leaving oi impedimenta kane ea tent, we a
d

Dr. Ekman and followed two years later by Dr. Beck, in search
of birds. Onthat same day, it began to rain at about 8 A. M
and se ao came back thoroughly wet and Dr. Ekman had
his hand cut with so many spines that he could not use the

machete”’ fr several days.
July 14. way was finally opened farther than Hen
d fer. e

cubensis, The night was cool, the minimum temperature being
Oo

15. We left Fangales Camp and began the ascent of

s by Palm
so o* ae pean vere r. Ballou took some good
photographs of the mountain. Several orchids and a n
of mosses were eae ed. Hypericum fasciculatum, mie meters
tall, and a species of Viburnum, a genus n

i=}
3
=a

a, were

ly A g Palma Mocha Camp, we turned to
the southeast, following as lore the main ridge of Sierra

55

Maestra, oli nee basin of Palma Mocha river on eu right
and that of Yara river on our left. We were in a forest where
ieee ie was anes rare and the most tne n plants encoun
ered on this crest were Palicourea alpina, D ;
Graffenrieda chrysandra, Ocotea sient “Viburnum sp.
Cyrilla seus: Brunellia com ocladi ifolia and many melasto-
mads. Af re

Mocha, likely one of the headwaters of | iver. We cleared
up the place, so well fitted for camping, being the only one from
Yara river to Pico Turquino with clear th practically avail-
able. The slope is steep, and sometimes the practicos upset
the pail of water ete tedly before getting it safely to the camp.
Nevertheless we took advantage of the relatively short distance

nd anos of eae cernuum, cou uld sleep ae
1

uly 17. From Arroyo Camp we went to Laguna Camp,
me does not mean a lagoon as usual, but a small pool,

ly of
water, We noted along the way the presence of an Elaeodendron
oblo
x the first we that Mecranium amygdalinum of the
i od ome i
hae oa Alchornea latifolia, are identified by means of the
‘tirador,” or thrower invented by Dr. Ekman. It is a cylindri-
cal piece ‘él on at the end of a long rope which, cane
bt

S
specimen to know the species without sawing ee Ge ne

rom
time to time by some “fangal” with its many Elaphoglossum

“sdUed pue ‘pamoy[o} [1es} ‘uorsaz ounbiny oorg ayy Jo Mata aXa-s pag

PAY: yew TAL ory
om 9 eei rang omatea i

% ayomey onus | ughey neo, arma
BYP) PMO? sal gog owrnbcny, ag et Oper cre ma T

57

and tree ferns and where one sinks sometimes one or two feet
deep in the we t layer of dead leaves.
torcazas”” as were crossing the gap where

did not fail to hear from time to time the sweet song of the

aes oo (My eased ached th). The most common
g the other birds seen the “‘zorzal real’? (Mimocichla

AES) . “zunzin”’ (Ricordia ieee and the ‘“‘tocororo”’

(Priotelus temnurus), one of the a: birds.

July 18. Before leaving Lagu > Cam hotographs

taken of a huge “marafion de la Mea Magnolia be)

and also of Pico Turquino and Gallén ve Pert, to the North,—

a mountain about I100 to 1200 m. high, and j just t the opposite

side of Pico Turquino. We en ee a series of peaks of

a Vaccinium, and more interesting y sabina,”’ (Juniperus
sp.) of only one kind of leaves te pte from Juniperus
pean, the only known species of Cuba. We were compelled
o camp on that crest, where there was just a sufficient space to
pitch the tent. Daylight had passed but before taking o
meal, we had much to do while the guides cut trunks of trees
make a fire. Mr. Ballou prepared the tent by the light of a
candle and the others went in the dark with an oil-cloth and
er.

where od a few small trees can ie us from slipping down.
Everything was wet after the of the afternoon, and we
on late around the feng: not to be able to sleep that

night. It was, in fact, somewhat cold, about 56° F.
July 19. We left Sabina Camp early and after crossing a
eaks, we reached the foot of Loma Jo: aquin where

vicinity we saw many mosses, and among ferns we noted fine
plants of Marattia sp. It was diate to reach some stream

58

for collecting but they were (uv far down, and “ parrilla”’ (Arth-
th

rostylidium multispicatum) made it impracticable. On that da
we founc y ay Ditta myricotde which we collected
successively wil staminate and pistillate flowers and fruits in

1 hich looked n interesting novelty
the afternoon we heard ia two guides who had been sent to
Nagua hailing us. They were as food supplies and good

news about the dning a spec
20. We now left the dividing line or main ridge of

and much higher. Here, we had to ascend from 1354 1 ee
640 m

r
plant unknown to us was also collected and we pr panes ae
a great variety ee mosses and other cryptogams to Loma Regino
and then ee a very steep and long descent. There we saw a
rare Cesirum sp. among some other interesting things not seen
heretofore. Down in the gap near Regino cliffs was a fine species

of Duranta, apparently undescribed, with showy lilac flowers,
a blackberry (Rubus alpi iwo speci f nia. A
floral feature was Hucnianthus salicifolius with masses of white

fragrant flowers. After crossing a few peaks more, we pitched
tent, oar the next day to i not nae ae aie ee
las We had a fine \ the
eat a onde lower than Pico Ses na pre) ee a
look at the southern seashore near the mouth of Rio Turquino.
During the night, the thermometer reached 54° F.
July 21. After leaving Estribo Camp, we crossed Loma
Redonda, the re a before reaching Turquino. There a
‘arex sp. was collected on a wet rock among mosses and hepatics,
and Dr, Ekman rend the very rare and curious Den-
ania Aaa are is a loranth growing on another
th. We oe gard aoe stoppi ng a at night.
nt |

ee pe
pl ce wa r ter y man aged

$9

to find a sleeping place where there were not too many stones
ts. O

i
It was not very steep, and ee se M. we had the eae

that isee: The five gallon gasoline tin which they had nea
was there with a good amount of rain water, much ap ated
by all the party. The rest Of tues day, we studied the aa
of the peak and of its i slope, noting that ihe

and seems not to exceed eighty eae Only two tree ferns
were observed,—a species of Cyathea and an Alsophila. We
saw three or four lycopods, a number ae species of Hymenophyl-
lum, Trichomanes Elaphoglossum, and many mosses. The most
common phanerogams on the very top are: Garrya Fadyenii,
Palicourea alpina, Viburnum villosum, Lobelia sp., Hedyosmum

‘a sp. Brunellia comocladifolia, Rapanea ferruginea, Ditta
myricoides, Epidendrum teretifolium, Cyrilla ra oe Rubus
" la, and seve! eli

July 23. We decided to explore the noriestern fee
where some days before we had observed from a dis e the
highest pine grove of the Island and an open place ne like

savanna. On our way, very near the top, we saw several
places dug out by wild hogs. The color of the soil is yellow or

60

slightly reddish, and looks as if it contained a good per cent of

n ia
ke avanna was only a ‘““helechal” or fern field—in the

all other ki hake f vegetation. A storm surprised mos
ty

was much nee he nights spent on the top were cold, a
strong breeze blowing from the sea all the time. The tempera-
tures maxima and minima observed by Mr. Ballou are as follows:
Maxima Minima

July 22 66° F, 52°.,7F.

July 23 75° 53°) 4

July 24 64° 50°

With seen to the altitude, according to our barometers i

is 203 ,seven y ago, with a good barometer,
found bak e results rly agree with the altitude
give e United States Hydr 1 c is o

by ograph-Office, which is

bout 2020 meters, (6560 feet), Several expeditions using the

boiling point of water found altitudes eae between 2300

and 2400 m. It would be interesting to know the cause of this

constant discrepancy between the result given by good baro-
meters and the boiling point of water

ten A. M. we began che descent, anxious about

mens left at Estribo Camp, several ae before, and

pee injured by rain. Mr. Bruner and Mr. Ballou ae

on the top ull next day to take photographs. We spent the

ight at amp wher e€ orry to see the big
package of specimens left under a tree thrown down by wind
and exposed to We made an arrangement with the two
practicos go gua in turn to carry the specimens
rced marches in two da it same day, very interesting
species were Anas especially by Dr. Ekman, on the cliffs
of Loma Reg A zanthoxylum, very spiny, a shrubby species
A

. Salvia, mets bly own, renaria lanuginosa, an ee
o Cuban flora, a Rhytidophyllum sp. unknown to us, etc., we:
ae ed.

61

July 25. We left Estribo Camp early and were soon at the
ae the hardest of all the ascents of the trip, that of Loma
Regino. In

and specimens of a lauraceous plant remarkable for its fragrant

July 26. Walking all day long, we reached Sabicu Camp;
unluckily very little time was left to collect again on that rich
ridge. The next day, before getting ae to Yara river we
cut down several interesting trees to obtain flower fs sia ala

the ‘‘hilacho Sa). Ow.

difficult to ean as it was a or roasting. The hall
also a good amount of honey and mangos. All of which with

We took our lunch at Casa de Piedra, a good aan = bathing

and shaving, and took a eee eal. Soon after it began to rain
jewily & nd we did not reach Nagua till ae at Hehe after
having crossed on that i Yara river 26 times, and its affluents
5 times.

The following days were devoted to the drying of specimens
after which I started to Yara with Mr. Bruner and Mr. Ballou,
stopping only to climb on top of Cerro Pelado. The next night
1 took the Havana train, taking with me the collection “of about
630 field numbers

Dr. Ekman ganained in Nagua for some time to a a ae
interesting places, among them San Juan de Buena Vista—
of Wright's localities— but he was much disapointed to find
the place cultivated and grown over with guinea gra

62

We are especially indebted for their many kindnesses and
ea cea, to Sr. and Sefiora D. Rogelio Matos, Judge of Yara,
and also to Sr. and Sefiora D. Joaquin Rio of Nagua.
BROTHER LEGON.
CoLrGiIo DB LA SALLE, Vepabo, Havana.

LAND OF THE QUESTION MARK
Report ON EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER, 1920
(Concluded from February number.)

The epiphytic flora, aside from the flowerless plants, consists,
as goa: be expected, mainly of orchids and bromeliads. There
are more ae na ees ce i the former and nearly a dozen
of the latte wild-pepper a our largest species,
Peperomia asp: flab the tree:

he two large trees of the swamps we eae buttonwood (Cono-

a and the sa aa (een. They indicate
re e and wth. These trees have gr an sii

round; but, although it was the beginning of winter, by the
calendar, the advent of spring was at hand for much of the

vegetation

A oody plants, the buttonwood (Conocarpus),
black-mangrove ia), devil’s-claws (Pisonia), bojuco-
prieto (Hippocratea), cocoa-plum (Chrysobalanus), and Virginia-
creeper (Parihenocissus) were just beginnin . id i
flower-bu the intimate association o a tem-
perate vine as the Virginia-creeper with the eae devil's

t
claws and bejuco-prieto, it was of ele to note the condition
of the Virginia-creeper. In the winter season the plant exhibited

63

the highly colored leaves just as it does in the autumn at the
North, and the bursting flower-buds, as it does in the late
spring in «higher latitudes.

Ferns, like orchids, were plentiful. About five genera were
nee s ed by nets and two by terrestrials. The great

eather-fern ee a e list for size. Gigantic leaves in large
eee about fifteen ae tall and two to three feet wide, were
not uncommon.

The rock of the SS nea named in this instance,
for every inch of the roadbed from the Biscayne Pineland to the
Cc

al Palm Hammock and
mentioned in a former paper! have for, the most part gradually
lace and thus naturally eliminated themselves from the

"ete pete this Jungle Without Peace*—either of mind or
be

of body—i well to record that in pean to the epi-
phytic ae “(Harrisia ) mentioned in a for paper,? two
additional kinds, a prickly- Aaa A dake Piteni ae the dildoe
Acanthocereus pentagonus) w t instead
of on th nd. An oe ees . the flora of the
Florida mainland was the native wild cotton (Goss: hir-
sutum), so common on many of the islands of tl
Flor

region to Roya! Palm Hammock would show on the Lossman’s
River limestone the small marshes and hammocks as just de-
scribed, then more extensive marshes and lower and more
7 eles of The New York Botanical Garden 17: 41. 1916.
apologies to Dr. William Beebe.
oe nal of The New York Botanical Garden 17: 191. 1916, 22: 205.
1921. The Cape Sable Region of Florida 10. 1919.

64

straggling hammock with clumps of the saw-cabbage palm
(Paurotis Ha The floristics of the Miami oolite would
be prairie with scattered egestas islands or rarely a pine island.

The charac fe pure woody growth on the Lossman’s
River limestone region is as he ee (Rhizophora Mangle),
which exhibits nearen how firmly habits of growth are fixed
in plants. Now, this typically coastwise plant is present inland
either as a remnant of a ae when the land was less elevated and

the present growth is a result of seeds washed in during the high
cau ned

water De enna: eae from the south. At any
he pl nd althoug

special anchor rage to ke eep the indi vidual s from being washed
way is unnecessary, each little mangrove plant when only
xnee- ae sends out just as many anchor-roots as like plants do

‘ mud-flats.

The characteristic pure woody growth on the Miami a
is the pond-cypress (Taxodium ascendens), which is often
thickly placed that in winter, when the foliage is peated ie
great areas see an trees ave babe effect of a aze over

t

i g
develops just as large a neal a trunk-base and subterranean
anchor-roots as it does anyw:

e left the vee Sable region on the afternoon December
nineteenth for rvey of the eee eastern coast of the State.
We stopped several hours in Miami during the evening for the
alias of packing, and then started northward again. Most

the obs aoe ae along the way are for discussion in
ani papers; but a few may be touched upon here.
- way up ae ine we met w ae a

=]
3
c
o
2
=m
co)
c=]
=
=

a which had apparently reverted t rimitive h

wth. The gopher-apple Cn ie ek. scoving
as as usually does in a continuously fire-ravished region, has
assumed the t of burying its main ste round

by fire, but the main stem is undamaged, and sends up new

65

branches after each fire.| No doubt far back when this plant
first came into existence it was an ordinary shrub with a tap-
tia _ an erect branched Bt Ae any rate, there we found

br anching

ian up to five feet t
South of Melbourne a ne dune, doubtless an active one in a
former geologic age, ake sete pared Our an ane
limit of its geographical ee ay the oy eauecaiease (Bumelia
tenax) at about t ity o ange. The naked-
stopper (Anamomis), the first representative er the genus found
G

recorded geographic range of the less widely distributed of our
two native century plants (Agave decipiens) about one hundred
miles northward.

Cool weather prevailed and blooming plants were in little
evidence along the coast. r, here and there in the
h ‘ks o sa’ iderworts (Tradescantia), ir e

eds
oe bonesets (Eupatorium), crown-beards es eae

and aster: roe arti came! the as Carolina aster in the lov

eee reek border.
The Halifax. River lagoons a shell-mounds seem to be the
northern limit of the geographic range of several tropical shrubs.
ong these may be mentioned snowberry (Chiococca racemos sa),
0

lum Fagara), a
The following quoted ieee from a ae written by am
Baldwin? in 1817, is interesting, as it described his pean to

? Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 20: 20.

it. Mar
Scnteh nab. eurom Mach to ‘May Pale he visited Florida, peers ing most of
hi Later in the same year he accompanied a

66

the great seuipions of the preeent Ormond-Daytona region and

his discovery of a ‘“‘myrtus’’ which remained uncollected and

Se for a century a Baldwin's visit oe pu parts,
that of Mr. Hernan

miles north of the presen Daytona, see — on a suc-
1

ceeding and t acks on a ee reached

eee f St. Augus The land, I a increases in fer-

the midst of shoals of alligators, for 3 or 4 ae ina aN. easterly
direction until we entered Halifax river (a lagoon, or arm of the
sea,)—when we again bore up south, straight as a line could be
drawn, 14 miles to the peas - ave Carr, a ine w, on the
western shore. Here was a noble ntaneous grove of Orange

—principa ally the "bier eat Sev) sia

a n high aig and at the same tin

ae I discovered a species of Cn anda ae Blackberry!
Recollect, Iam only telling you a part of the story. Ihave seen

e Sener 16 sii further south, and the same
distance from any sett . A few miles further a
the river—heretofore sie pres and uninterrupted—beg!
to aie pies numerous small Islands, covered a the ever
ue i Ae oe Mangle, a One of these
tim

surprised to find among them, great numbers of the oF ne

United States mission to various South American ports. Upon his return
live:

Yr
di Iss is letters were published in 1843, by
his Hae ‘Darlington, Gales ie ae “Reliquiae Baldwinianae.”—J. H. B.

67

tailed Hawk.’’ These soon soared aloft, and disappeared.
Here and there, also, was a hungry eet watching to catch
the offal. Such a deyeneaed = feathered g

Hawks, Crows, Buzzards, Cranes, Curlews, etc.

It should ie cae that all of the pe cited Pectel shrubs
and treeshave fleshy fruits and are eaten by birds. It is more than
probable that birds, especially migratory birds, feeding on the
fruits of these kinds of tropical shrubs, planted them for ages
gradually further and ae north, and at present the species
have adapted themselves to the more northern environment as
far as the Halifax Riv

ytona the character of the coastwise hammock

etween
that part of the State and the ‘‘scrub.’” Garberia fruticosa was

the to

(Serenoa repens). The common spruce-pine of the typical

“scrub” was replaced by another form of uncertain relationship.
We w

be solved. a vere meee ins northern limit of the natural
ontie (Zamia pee William

aldwin while ae ie. Sasi lagoons from St. Aug-
ustine a pe over a century ago says:

“The evening proving ce we were unable to recross
Matanza river; and took up our abode for the night, in a
ancient and venerable oie erected by the old Fish, who wa:
the original proprietor of the island Anastasia. He wasa ae

i k; and m:

Grove in the world. Some trees still remain that are 30 fe

4 Reliquiae Baldwini: (1843).

e Nixon-Lewis Hammock, Dade Co., Fla. Soa teed (Ficus
en in the early stages of destro oying . livers ak. Ultima: tely the

Il coalesce. ter t bed th
f the fig may fill. the mould left by the ieee oak-trunk. a
fan of the fig thus formed may be strangled as was that of the o:

In fact examples showing where a fig ee strangled healt three sins in
succession are not uncommon in the h: jocks.

69

in height—and still retain a portion of their golden fruit.

But
all is now in ruins. Two

barren Island; containing, however, a remarkab
oyster shells, full of bones of the aborigines, along with the
domestic eaaene with which they were interred,—as earthen
vessels, hatchet: ere we spread our blankets under
the canopy of a a ee sky; wie after a little persecution

in ur heads were de-
fended by “Spanish bayonets” (ee ballin

morning, crossing the Inlet at outhern point of Penon

howe no books
fe should ae Baldwin's locality between ee and

led. Our
just about the same latitude.
north, but at about the latitude cone the travelable high-
way turns away from the coastal ae and a very different
kind of country is traversed all the to Jacksonville, which
ie we ci just forty-eight nee after leaving the Cape
Sable
A survey vol me front yards of eens ille discov —. many
Zamia umbrosa. It thrives there and is

une
to the decidedly cold weather of the aes Four specimens
we examined, still very vigorous, are known to have grown there
for over thirty years. Bane: as nguinice as te the en of
these cultivated specimen As

* Bow-legs, the Leathe of Bartram's ‘Long Warrior,” says, that a
tia” sig s Bread plant. (This proved to be the Zemia pumila.
subsequent letter, of May 27.)

70

the coastal region from oe to Saint peudbes and

thence to the Halifax River is not accesible by motor-car, we
plan to investigate it at as early a a as posible we =
Joun K. Sat

PLANT CANCERS

Much interest has recently been aroused by the statement

statement was the well known crown gall, which eet che
so-called cancers, or ie tumors, on many kinds of plants.
It attacks especially sensi of the apple and plum families,
including peaches, plums, apples and pears, but also attacks
roses, daisies, and castor i and is frequently very destructive

plant, but a
the oe of the ground, whence arose the common name crown

is important disease has been known to botanists for
nearly a century, and, because of its pears character, has

c
modern methods of oo technique it can be
baie ae used to inoculate plant:

s of crown gall have been in progress at the Botanical
ee te: several months, and good specimens of these ‘ sl
ancers”’ may Te seen at propagating house growing o:

yllu

pp

newed energy in the search for a causal organism of cancer.
So far this search ay been unsuccessful, but it is possible that
extensive study or the crown gall and other plant tumors may
prove helpful in ihe effort to discover the cause of human cancer.
Met. T. Coox.

71I
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR FEBRUARY

The usual monthly pega of the staff and students of
a Garden was held in he Museum Building February 7.
Dr. W. A. Murrill on ‘Recent
nae ies in eee Asatics, ’ = iby Dr. John Hendley

Barnhart on “How to Use the Libra
Dr. Murrill caer a key to the eleven genera of dark-

ie aaa ee pecies

m. North Am xtr
ian ate complete the ee series of North American ue
rooms, as well as the related raee and boletes, so far as
his cana work is concerned. His sows are published
in Mycologia, North American Flora, a several handbooks

nted.

the that four of the numerous new species were discovered
within the grou f ork Botani arden
r. Barnhart called attention to various important biblio-

graphies, indexes, and arate of botanical mien which

may be of assistance to students desiring information on partic-

ular subjects, and discussed the use of the ne catalog.
HESTER

Sk,
Secretary of the Conference.

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING APRIL

The following public lectures will be presented during April
as a part of the regular lectures series annually offered at the
Garden.

April 1. ‘Rice, the Greatest Food Plant of the World.”

Dr. H. A. Gleason

April 7. “Forestry _ Mr. Barrington Moore

April 8. Nature Talks—I. “Stars” Dr. W. A. Murrill

72
April r4. ‘The Public’s Part in Park ge ge ion”
R. Boynton
April 15. ‘The Call of the Mountains” an Roy Jeffers
April 21. ‘Some Floral and Scenic ee - Cuba”
Dr, M.

April 22. ‘The Most Important Economic Plants of Anienica”™
a r. . Gleason
April 28. “Spring Wild Flowers” r. G. C, Fisher
April 29. “Pasteur and the ee of ene:
Dr. G. M. Reed
Bey courte which are open to the public without charge,
e held in the Museum Lecture Hall at They are

fitustared ce Jantern slides or living plants.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

ond edition of Dr. Rydberg’s “Flora of the Rocky

It presents descriptions of 135 species not included in the first
a bringing the total flora of the region to over 6,000

"Meter Ea January. The total precipitation for the
nches, of which 2.25 inches (22.5 inches by

snow ae tnn fell as snow. The maximum temperatures

peratures were 20° on the 7th, MA on the 14th, 7° on the 18th,
15° on the 24th, and 6° on the 31s.

in Florida. His trip

River to the Keys and back on the east coast as far as Daytona.
Chief attention will be given to the collection of fungi.

Dr. W. A. Murrill a Maen 3 -_ a collecting expedition
stal

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Prof. W. J

Fritz Achelis Daniel Guggenheim
Edward D. Adam: Murry Guggenheim
Charles B. ieciter J. Horace Harding

Vincent Astor
John W. Auchincloss
orge F. Baker
Stephen Baker J
Henry de Forest “aan i T. A. Havemeyer
A. k

Edmund L. Baylie eckscher

Prof. a, c Besky Joseph P. Hennessey
Eugene P. B: Anton G. Hodenpyl

Gk iG eae Bernhard Hoffmann

W. H. Carpenter

Prof. C. F. Chandler arwin P. angeles
Hon. W. A r er V. Z. Lane’!
C. A. Coffin r. ert R

Marin Le Brun Cooper _ Prof. Frederic S. Lee

Paul D. Cravath
ames

iveland H. Dodge W. J. Mathe:
Samuel W. Fairchild George McAn
Marshall Field John L. Merrill
William B. O. Field Ogden Mills

James B. Ford on. Ogden L. Mills
Henry W. de Forest Barrington Moore
Robert W. de Forest J. Pierpont Morgan
Childs Frick Dr. Lewis R. Morris

Frederic R. Newbold
Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack
Henry Phipps

James R. Saas

Ira A. Plac

Hon. Anning S Sieur

Charles F

Johnston re ae d

Ogden Mills Reid y
. Richards

ipa D. Rockefeller

Mortimer 1.

isp a ge

James Spe

F ae Straus

F. K. Stu

B. B. Thay er

Charles G. cece
W. Boyce Thom

Dr. W. Gilman eae

Paul M. Werbure
Allen Wardell

HH: eats.
Bronson Win

Grenville L. raeine

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. oT vagal
Mrs. Rol
Miss jeaailey Billings
Mrs. N. L. Britton

An

Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Mrs. Delancey Kane

Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel
rs. A. A. Low

Mrs. V. Everit Macy

s. Henry Marquand

Miss Elizabeth Hamilton Mrs. George W. Perkins

Mrs. A. re Hepburn Mrs. Harold I. Pratt
ai Robert C. Hill Mrs. William A. Read
va. Walter Jennings

Mrs. James Roosevelt
Mrs. son B. Sloan

Mrs. F, de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas
Mrs. John I. Kane Miss Olivia E. P. Sto

A. Scrymser
kes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Bot Botanical Garden

Journal of the New York Botanical onthly, illustrated, contain-
ing notes, news, and non- nial pie ne anal interest. Free to all
members of the Garden. To others, 30 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not
offered in exchange.) Now in its twenty-fourth volume.

Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; mee to
fungi, including lichens; comin ee technical articles and news and n of
nae interest, and an index to current American eee ee literature

.00 a year; single copies tae ieee sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now

ne.

Addisonia, quarterly, eae exclusively to colored plates ace b
popular descriptions of ‘flow plants; eight plates in each n r, thirty-
© in each volume. Su feripcon pr fee Pach 00 a year. Noe. ofeied in

ume.
Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports
of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles
pace ing ee of ence Hee con® Pay Bais in the Garden. Free toa
mber. the Garden; to , $3.00 volume. Now i in its twelfth
vo real
merican Flora. pee of the ee plate of North America,
te Greenland, the West Indie ead Central America. Plan a oe
pacer st in 34 volumes. Roy. i
parts. Su nga aan price, $1.50 per acre a mae t ed charges of pseu

parts will be r $2.00 e a ae t offe sa ie nen
Vol. 3, ae ny oie Nectr: —F imetar:
Vol. 6, part I, 1922. Phyllestitaceac (par!
Vol. 7, parts 1-8, 1906-1922. Ust naci dese Nee (pars). (Parts

Vol. 9 (now complete), pa ae I> 7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae
Part:

(pars). arts 1-3 no longer sold separately.)
Vol. 10, parts 1-3, foun ue Agaricaceae
Vol. 14, part I, 1923. Sphaeroca aah Miarchantiacea

Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. Be aceae (pars).

Vol. 33, part I, 1922. furnostatees ie rduaceae (pars).

Vol. 34, parts 1-3, 1914-1916. arduaceae—Anthemideae.
Memoirs of the New York Sees Garden. Price to me of the
Garden, $3.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered a pei

e
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900.
Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Develop-
ment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903.
Vol. III Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from BitapenesS
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 p

09.

Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart
Canes: viii + 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908.
Yo

ol. V. Flora Be a nici of New tn PA Co ntribution he Plant
Geography, by Nor aylor. vi + 683 pp., with 9 plates.

Vol. VI. Papers presenteda at shy Celebration af ihe Twentieth Aaitee ersary
of the New York B n. ii ++ 594 pp., with 43 plates and many
text figures. 1916.

Contributions from the New York Botanical begged A series of technical
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from
journals other than the above. Price, 25 Pies each. $5.00 per volume,
In the tenth volume.

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARD
Bronx Park, New aia City

-

Vol. XXIV April, 1923 No. 280

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS

Meee OPIN GL NATCIGSUIB. 6.5. ieee le coc ee bnew bern eeddce ns 73
Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York

Botanical Garden during the year 1922.................... 81
EBD a ernst, ee SR eR ci pial cata a! bien alee plud wees 86
Public Lectures During May....... 2-22.20... cece cee ee eee 87
Notes, News and Comment................... 0... e eee eee ee eee 87
een NSP rey ree nc 2s alain ke ssl ohn sy Gia Sie ece\e on aie ge deep ee 89

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

AtT8 LANCASTER, PA.

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE
VICE-PRESIDENTS ee a Rte OREST
TREASURER—JOH MERRILL
ASSISTANT Tae HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRIT LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY W. TDeFOREST ; FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
‘erm expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWI oan
PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THe Mayor oF THE City or NEw York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PURLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY. BUTLER DR. FREDERIC S,
eer WIA dee Ee GEORGE J. R RYAN
F. JAMES F eM ROF. tarsal M. RICHARDS
ROF. HENRY H. RUSB

GARDEN STAFF

DR. N. L. BRIT en ra aati, in-Chief (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration)
in;

DR. FRED J. SEA VER, Curator (Flowerless ee )
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Ain Assisi
PERCY WILSON, A te Curator
JAMES A. CRAW. FORD, ee Curator A
R. A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories
DR. JOHN HENDLEY Bea ct Bilitosranhey
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gar
RAH H. HAR) LOW, Libraria
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary ree “of the Ecanpints ese |)
EL eciewie G. BRITTON ary Curator of Mo
R. AR ae HOLLICI” Palecbalnaet

. BRINLEY, Landse ingineer
S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accoun
ARTHUR ‘r CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings ie Grounds

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. XXIV April, 1923 No. 280.

GARDEN FORMS OF NARCISSUS.

Narcissus, a vain youth of mythology, was given to gazing

ods is evidenced through the names of some of the bo Aa
sections of the genus, as Ajax, Coe aa eae

brated the Warciscue i in song.

Dioscorides, of the fe century A. D., was the first to treat
of it scientifically. In 1629, Parkinson, in me Paradisus Terrestris
ae ae descriptions and many in uals: notes referring

alm one hundred varieties known at that time. Sweet,
Sains Ellacombe, and many amateur aes sts and horti-
culturists met and conn Narcissi at different times in the
early part of the last centu

hen Haworth wrote a monoeragh of them in 1831, published

be found in our library nother early book (1836) containing
descriptions of Narcissus is ‘' Amaryllidaceae”’ by Dean Herbert,
fo) land's earliest amateur hybridists. His theories and

ideas resulting ae crossing various sorts of Narcissi were the
cause of added interes

The first ee and they were also amateurs, were C. H.
Backhouse and J. C. Leeds, pean men who grew — plants
as a hobby and originated m: new varieties. Their work was
accomplished approximately ee een 1840 and a

73

75

Narcissus culture Pais Kener impulse through the
critical botanical studies of the genus by J. G. Baker, in the
Gardener's Chronicle of 1869, and ihe publication in 1875 of

The Narcissus’? by Mr. F. W. Burbridge, another famous

interest in daffodils, was Mr. Peter Bair an English seedsman.

formed a ies a to contain 500 species and varieties in

offer 400 varieties for sale in their special

Naicesis ee including 75 new seedlings; and London
and New York use Daffodils by the thousand as as pails

This brings up the question of popular names. golden

lovee of the florist in New York are called . em Gable

This designation really belongs to the many-

rush-like cylindrical leaves; not the broad flat os hae rlike ones
of the ‘daffodil’ which name should b i York
flowers and to all large varieties of thes gents with great vellow
cups or trumpets. They have been cana daffodillies, or
daffy-down-dillies for hundreds of years, in popular parlance
and are so nown b Shakespeare, Milton, Shelley and others.

of the ‘Amiaeyiis family, crowing froma edium-size bulbs, which
ively

petals surround a cup or trumpet of variable size, in color rang-
ing from white through all shades of yellow and purplish red.

76

Narcissi are used mainly for three purposes, as out-of-door
garden spring flowers, for forcing in greenhouses in pots, and in
water or bowls of water and gravel in house culture.
CULTURE

Narcissi are grown and may be had in flower from December
D

and ten cent stores offer these bulbs for sale in greater numbers

used in Ane growing, are sold at the same seaso:
Oo one accustomed to noticing every focal detail of
ou

bowl, occ ever indow during the winter. uire-

ts for Routed these white Narcissi are le. Th
bulbs are shallow bowls, half covered with white
gravel or pebbles, aa kept moderately moist by continuous
applications of water. They will flow as me if in
good conditi If possible, better results are obtained by
placing the bulbs in the dar ra time until roots form and
then bringing them to the ligh

Chinese forms have short, colored erie and the bulbs are
much larger than those of the Paper Whit
Peace especially the gus ane used. to a great extent

In ord
lish this they are forced ine pans. This method is not recommend

pl
1, and comfortably covered and left to take root. After being
ail rooted, they can be brought into the house at intervals

7
during the winter for flowering. Illuminating gas and an excess
of steam heat are enemies to successful house culture.

garden culture of Nar-

ve than for any other

pa’ ur. nti-
tal gardens the
are delighttul as natu-

ralized subjects in

our New York wood

the fine yellow anal white daffodil Horsfieldii, and upon his
death oa little garden yielded 28 bulbs of blooming size and 9

78

smaller ones. He originated other varieties also. Small clumps
should - originally planted between perennials, under th
hrubs, or in odd corners, in well prepared soil. aly uniform,
strong ‘bulbs should be used. Soil of mellow texture and good
drainage is desirable, fertilized with bone meal; or, if animal
manure is used, see that the bulbs do not come in direct con-
tact with it. High-class bulbs planted uniformly in broad beds
or long drifts give the golden mass effects to go with the For-
sythia in spring. General rules are to plant the bulbs as early
as October if possible, plant to a depth equal to twice the
ul

cover somewhat with light mulch of manure, straw or salt hay,
and remove ay early in the spring. The plants themselves
will do the res

VARIETIES
Our collection of Narcissi at the New York Botanical Garden
began in I gift of forty varieties fro

sections ‘iced by Baker.

Magni-coronati. Large crown, trumpet or cup. Trumpet as
long or pee ge the petals or ene segments.

Kinc ALF Large flower, ric ie Pita glistening
texture, and frilled peo Horti ae

Emperor. A large, all yellow, standard aed which with
the variety next following were originated by Backhouse, and

are common all-purpose daffodils of commerce; none better for
amateur gardeners.

Empress. Large flowered with snowy white perianth seg-
ments and rich golden crown; conservatory court and in flower
ae

Spain. A pale primrose-colored form of the wild
Pet ae nodding; at the elevated railroad border.

79

GOLDEN Spur. A yellow trumpet of good color which blooms
early; In conservatory court.

LORY OF LEIDEN. A large trumpet a pale yellow with
paler perianth segments; conservatory flower beds.

GRANDEE. A yellow trumpet with pure white segments,
fairly late bloomer; conservatory flower beds.

Horsrievpi. Another yellow trumpet with white segments;
conservatory flower ee

Mme. Premp. A long golden trumpet with white perianth,
medium late; conservatory flower beds.

Victoria. This bicolor isa steadad sort and has large trum-
pets and broad cream g ; conservatory court and
conservatory flower beds.

Medio-coronati. Medium or chalice cup or trumpet, about
half as long as perianth segments.

Barril Conspicuus. This variety is Sea of the
Barrii group. Long tubes at right angles to the stem, broad,
spreading, sulphur-yellow segments, and shorter, trod cups,
about 34 inch long, — sia rims; court and

INCOMPARABILIS CYNOSURE. A representative of ihe incom-

NCOMPARABILIS SIR WATKIN. A tall pene large flowered
incomparabilis with sulphur perianth and yellow cup, orange

1 Mrs. Lanctry. Leedsii sorts have white or pale
half nee somewhat nodding. Mrs. Langtry is primrose,
almost white; conservatory flower beds.

Parvicoronati. Small cup, crown or trumpet; cup much less
than half the perianth segments almost reduced to a mere rim.
BIFLoRUS. ius rose peerles SS Narcissus, ot stalk two

flowered, cream y flower bed No.
Poeticus. Poet's narcissus or pheasant co eye, white with
reddish purple rim of cup. Latest of our narcissi. Found in
conservatory flower beds.
Icus oRNaTUS. An earlier variety of Poet’s, with

glistening curved perianth ae and deep red rim to itscup.
Many groups will be found in conservatory flower beds and court.

80

Pogeraz Etvira. An example of the
variety with the many flowered stalks of “the Rat aie con-
servatory flower beds
DoUBLE-FLOWERED
Ston. The old double hae daffodil, the Telamonius
plenus of Parkinson, common in gardens and fine for forcing.
Found in conservatory cour

Rare TENDER SPECIES

Dr. Stout has flowered the follo owing: remar kably rare, not

BOCODIUM MONOPHYLLUS. The whit H Op-
petticoat, small flowers with fringed large trumpets but narrow
short perianth segments. Native of Sees

NARCISSUS CYCLAMINEUS. Lost for nearly 300 years, redis-
covered in Spain in 1887. <A dainty little yellow flower with
reflexed petals.

ARCISSUS TRIANDUS. Queen of Spain. Small yellow flower
with partially reflexed petals, variety being called a natural

NARCISSUS JUNCIFOLIUS. Rush-leaved daffodil, another small
hstail flowered type, with flat cup. From Spain and Southern
Fra

ane MoscHATUS. The rare lesser white Spanish daffo-

i a

Narcissus MINIMUS. The dwarf daffodil, a rock garden
species with small yellow flowers.

NARCISSUS BULBOCODIUM CITRINUM. The sulphur-yellow
hoop-petticoat daffodil.

The Narcissus season in the New York Botanical Garden

the last third of April will probably see most of them in bloom
KENNETH R. Boynton.

81

pages OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND
ST TS OF THE NEW YORK Ge alia
rt DURING THE YEAR

Barnhart, J. H. Biographical notes. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
23: C. S. Sargent, 33; C. Plumier, = 353 eae IT. and Alice

R. Northrop, 39; O. ‘ook, 40 N. Reasoner,
62, 63; O cari, 65, 66; H. C ead 128, 129;

Jacquin 162, 163; J. Drayton, 163; aux, 163; M

Adanson, 164; B. Guersent, 164; Persoon, 165;
Baldwin, 165; Miller, 166; C. T. Mohr 166, 167

1 enclatu Jour. Bot. 60: 256-263 S. 1922

— Report of the Bibliographe (for 1921). Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 12: 38, 39.

Boynton, K. R. Aria latifolia. Uadeoen 7: 1. pl. 225, 12
JI 1922.
Billbergia Saundersii, Addisonia 7: 7. 41. 228.
Verbena erinoides. Addisonia 7:11. pl.230. 12 Jl1922.
Styrax japonica. Addisonia 7:13. pl. 232. 12 Jl 1922.

' Anoda hastata. Addisonia 7: 27, 28. pl. 238. 25S

Report of the Head papi (for 1921). Bull. N.
6 Ji

Britton, E. G. On some mosses ae the Blue Mountains of
Cuba. Bryologist 25: 89, 7 N 1922.
Wild plants needing protection 14 Great laurel or
rose bay. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 137, 138. Issue for
O 1922.

Ho lly, laurel and winterberry. Jour. Y.

Gard. 23: 177-181. pl. 281. (Printed in ies a
Tssue for D 1922.

Britton, E. G. Report of the ee ae of Mosses
(for 1921). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. , 62. 6 Jl 1922.

Britton, N. L. es of West Indian ee Bull. Torrey
Club 48: 327-343. 4 Mr 1922.

Botanical Fevestigaton in ad i Jour. N. Y.

Bot. Gard. 23: 49-59. e for Ap

ort of the Secretar and Directorin Chief ne bs
year Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12 6 ji. i

—— Polystachya us Addisonia ” e 95 Ss nee a

82

_— ee epiphyllanthus. Addisonia 7: 31. 25 S$
1922. pl. 2,
Crotalaria retusa. fe ee 7: ne fi D 1922. pl. 248.
Britton, N. L., and Rose, J. N. Tw of Cactaceae.
(Thelocactus aaa Neolleydia). Bull. "Torrey. Club 49-251, 252.
31 Au 1922.
The Cactaceae. hes IID. i-vii 1-255. pl. 1-24 +
f. 1-250. Washington. 1922.
Britton, N. L. and ie P. Notes on plants collected by
Mr. Bucher on Pico Turquino, Cuba. (New genus ie three
new species eval Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. gI-94.
Issue for Jl. 1
Crawford, J. A. voce lilies at the ee gain Jour.
. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 95-98. Issue for Jl
Gleason, H. A. The witch hazels. Jour. N. Y. Tee Gard. 23:
7

22.
the aces ee species and area. Ecology
3: 158- ee 18 My
The Iris Bat Estbiion Pa N. Y. Bot. Gard.
23: 72, 73. Issue for My &
Hamamelis mollis. Accom os 9, 10. pl. 229. 12 Jl

- Vernonieae. N. A. Fl. 33: 47-110. 1922.
Gleason, H. A. Tutira. Ecology 3: 339, 340. Issue for O
1922. vi

opezia Hine. Addisonia 7: 35-36. pl. 242. 4D
1922

Trichospora pulchrum. Addisonia 7: 43-44 pl. 246.
4 D 1922.

—— Report of the aa Sani a doe shea
(for 1921). Bull. N. Y. . Gard. I5-I7. li
Harlow, S. H. Report of ae ee ie 1921, “clung

list of serials). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 40-61. 6 Jl

1922

Hollick, A. as flora notes—Staten Island. Torreya 22: 1-3.
Ja&

— Paulownia in winter. i N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 1-3.
pl. Pts 268. Issue for Ja I

——— Alnus rugosa. adi onia 12: 25, 30. pl. 237. 255
1922.

83

Report of the Paleobotanist. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
2.

12: 63-64. 1 192

Hollick, A., and Howe, M. A. A new ee fossil hepatic.
Bull. Torrey Club 49: 207-2009. f. 1. u 1922.

Howe, M.A. The leafhopper as an enemy oof the dahlia. Bull.
Am. Dahlia Soc. 3% 22; 3°: 26 Ap. 1922.

he Collins collection of algae. Jour. NX. Y. Bot. Gard.
23, 24. Issue for F 1922.
Dahlia ‘Dahliadel Century."’ Addisonia 6: 49,50.

922.
ahlia ‘‘Ami Nonin.” Addisonia 6: 51, 52. pl. 218.

Dahlia “Mme. J. Coissard."’ Addisonia 6: 53, 54. pl.
219. 9 Mr 1922.
Dahiia “Marguerite Clark.’’ Addisonia 6: 55, 56. pl.
220.

Dahlia Sen Nannie B. Moor.’’ Addisonia 6: 57, 58.
pl. 221. 9 Mri

Howe, M. A. ace “King of the Autumn.”’ Addisonia 6:
59, 60. a 222, 9Mri922

—- ia “CW. W. Raweone Addisonia 6: 61, 62. pl.

Dahlia ‘ouulas Tucker.”’ Addisonia 6: 63, 64. pl.

9 Mr 1922.
_— ne for dahlias. Bull. Am. Dahlia Soc. 3”: 18.
Ap ee

Stout’s ‘‘The Amateur’s Se of the Dahlia.’
Bull. cee Club of America n.s. No. 5: 300,301. My 1922.
[Review.]

Looking over the season’s dahlias. Gard. Mag. 36:
200-202. D Hey (Illust.

—— Tw thothamnieae, calcareous algae, from the
Lower Nceae ane British West Indies. Proc. U
S. Nat. Mus. 627: 1-3. pl. i-4. 22 D1

—-~and Holltick, A. A new American fo hepatic. Bull.
Torrey Club 49: 207-209. f. r. IO Au 1922.

Mackenzie, K. K. Viburnum in Addisonia 7: 17.

. 233. Je 1922.
Murrill, W. A. llustrations of fungi—33. Mycologia 14:
25-29. pl. 1-9. 22.

84

Notes and brief articles. pelea 14: 42—

Mr 1922;—90-94. 12 Ap 1922;—231-233. 29 JJ on
335-338. N 1922.

A fragrant polypore. Mycologia 14: 46, 47. 6 Mr
1922.

Hygrophorus caprinus. Mycologia 14: 48, 49. 6 Mr
1922. ;

The Toronto meeting. Mycologia 14: 50-52. 6 Mr
1922.

Dark-spored agrics—I. My ee 14:61-76. 12 Ap.
1922;—II. Mycologia 14: 121-142. 6 Je 1922;—II]. -
cologia 14: 200-221. 29 J11922;—IV. Mycologia 14: 258-*
278. 1S 1922

Aeinee green-spored genus of gill-fungi.
14: 96-908. 12A
he

Mycologia
p 1922
hag ee a humanity. Homiletic Review

84°: 138-1
Murrill, W. . aden to station of fungi XXII-XXNXIII.
Mycologia - 332-334. Ni

Repor

13
of the Supervisor of Public Instruction (fos
ie aa N. Y. Bot. Gard.

12: 22-25. 1922.
H. H. Report of a on the Mulford te
eo se a 1921, 1922. Jour. N. ¥. Bot. Gard. 2
112. Is ae or Au 1922.

pecies : trees of gues interest from Bolivia.
~ Bull. Fae Club -264. 22S 1
me intersting or Bee os Bolivia.
Am. Phar. Assoc. 11: 777-7 O 1922.
Annual ae of the ay . oe of the
City of New York. 1-86. New York.
Rusk, H. M. —— warlevense.

Jour

Wade 7: 57, 58. pl.

on togeographical notes on ne Rocky Hann
tain region—X. Grasslands and oth

1er e
montane zone of the eae n Rockies. Bull. Torrey "club
48: 315-326. 28 F 1

(Cendutes eee Carduaceae (pars). N. A.

Fl, 33: 1922
eta : y. (Phstitate Phyllostictaceae. N. A. FI

85
Macbride’s North A i lime-moulds. Mycologia
14: 233-234. 29 Jl 1922. ([Review.]
Some edible cup-fungi. pee N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23:
2

Studies in tropical ascomycetes—I. Neopeckia diffusa
and Herpotrichia albidostoma. Mycologia 14: 235-238. pl.; 19.
I

Small, F. J. Historic trails by pa and by water. Jour. N
Y. Bot. Gard, 22: 193-222. pl. 263-266. Issue forN & D 1921.

Small, J. K. Wild pumpkins. ne N.Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 19-23
Issue for F 1922

nother Conc for America, Torreya 21: 100, 101.

F 1922
— The bucaneer-palm. Naas a Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 33-
43. pl. 269-270. Issue for Mr

——— Tradescantia virginiana. repens 7: 15, 16. pl. 232
Mr 1922

The saw- onda palm. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23:
61-70. Sion -273. Issue for My & Je 1922.
—_ pena pee coe Addisonia 7: 21, 22. pl.
235. 2.

ae
e botanical fountain of youth. Jou . Y. Bot
Gard. . 117-133. pl. 275,276. neg 1922 seer
139-155. pl. 278, 279. Issue for O1
The blue-stem, Sabal minor. Jour N. Y. Bot. Gard.
23: 161-168. pl. 280. Issue for N 1
Report of the Head oe a the Museums and
Herbarium (for 1921). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 17-22.
1 1922.
iis A. B. Conference notes for November and December
Bot.

5- h
23:45, 46. Issue for Mr ines —April. 23: 73, as Issue for
1922

Preiminay report of ie rcanes with species of
Lilium. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 155-158. Issue for O
1922.

— Report of the Director of the ead (for 1921).
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 30-33. 6 Jl 19

86

Williams, R. S. Mosses from British Guiana and Dominica,
Lesser ances, ee by Miss E. F. Noelin 1914. Bryolo-
gist 24: 65, 66. pl. 4. 13 F 1922.

Black ducks in nesting time. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
23: 70-72. Issue for 1922.
Wilson, P. Anthurium scandens. Addisonia 7: 23. pl. 236. Je

1922
Wilson, P. Amorphothallus bulbifer. Addisonia 7: 33. pl. 241.
S 1922

and Britton, N. L. Notes on ane een by Mr.
Bucher on Pico Turquino, Cuba. (New and three new
species described). Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard, ae g1-94. Issue
for Jl 1922.

CONFERENCE NOTES
The March conference of the staff and students of the Garden
was held in the Museum Building on the aes of Ma ae
The program consisted of papers by Dr. Marshall A. How
fo} and b — P A

with 1 species. ’ Ric ccia alba: Sulliv. has recently been redis-
s li whi

he only bryophyt ich ther
calcification comparable to that found in certain amie: of
the marine mee woh the me is noe merely an external
accretion b din th { the products
of the THeeabolishr of ce aed “The talk was illustrated by
specimens and photographs and by drawings made by th
speaker and by Miss Haynes.

87

A detailed account of Dr. Rydberg's subject will be published
in a later issue of the Journal.
STER M. Rusk,
Secretary of the Conference.

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING MAY

The following public lectures will be presented during May
as a part of the regular lecture series annually offered at the

May 5. “Books on Gardening,” Dr. J. H. paca

May 6. “Bees and Bee Caleu Prof. G. C. Nor

May 12. Nature Talks—II. ‘‘Rocks,’’ Dr. W. A. en
(Exhibition of Spring Flowers, May 12 and 13)

May 13 Daffodils and mes "Mr

R. Boynton.
May 19. ‘“‘Practical Hints on Garden Design,’’Miss E. L. Lee.
May 20. Nature Talks. “Soil,’’ Dr. W. A. Murrill.
aie 26. ees Tea Gardens of Ceylon and Japan,” Dr. H. A.

May wild Flowers,’’ Mr. L. W. Brownell.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

An interesting museum object made partly of the sporophore
of a bracket fungus (Elfeingia iiuouaaeen sage ore esented to the
Garden by Dr. Tanaka, one of th f Mycologia,
when he passed through New York late in July on his way to
Japan. The sporophore was cut and hollowed out to form a
pouch for one. and attached to it by a cord was a pipe-case

the
etc., in the prefecture of Ehime on ae Shikoku Island, where
museum ee mentioned above was purchased.

A le ly given by Dr. W. A. Murrill
to the Girl Scouts. er subjects qe “Shade Trees,” ‘Wild
Flowers,” ‘‘Edible and Poisonous Fungi,” and ‘Cultivated
Flowers."”

88

r. Murrill’s lecture on “Wood-rot Fungi” — before the
Hee Protection Institute on March 1 at New Haven, Conn., was
attended by about seventy-five people, including pe all ei
of estates and ead tree-workers. The program included a

Ne Ci
by establishing a barrier zone across the State of Cae.

The following botanists registered in the library during the
winter months: Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Messrs. W. W. Eggleston,
G. Hamilton Martin, Jr., and L. W. Schwarz, Washington, D,
C., Mr. Chas. C. nei Bluffton, Ind., Prof. H. M. Fitzpatrick,
Ithaca, N. Y., Prof. Caroline A. Black, Connecticut College,
Mr. L. R. ek Fargo, N. D., Prof. W. C. Coker, University
of North Carolina, Miss Margaret D. Brown, Halifax, N. S.,
Mr. Carlos E. Chardon, San Juan, Porto Rico, and Prof.
Eduardo Ce University of the Philippines

Meteorology for February. The total precipitation for the

2 inches, of w 1.54 inches fell as snow (13.5
inches by snow measurement an inch snow). The
maximum temperatures were 42° on the 2nd, 44° on the gth,
44° on the 14th and 46° on the 25th. The minimum temperatures

he 4th, 11° on the 6th, 7° on the 18th and 7° on the

The Florida stinking cedar, Tumion taxifolium, near the
door in the central display Hoke: Range No. 2, has taken on
a coat of new growth of light green tips of fresh foliage on the
branches

The Lady Banks rose, double white-flowered form, has been
blooming on the north wall of the central display house, and

rose season, and may be seen about May, 12, in the single rose
row at the back of the rose garden

Dr. J. K. Small and Dr. Arthur Hollick attended the co
tion of the American a of Museums at Cede oa
during the first week in April.

89

The lace-bark tree Sate lagetto) is now an interesting
display feature of house no. 3 of range 1. Here one may see
i h

bark that its name and great usefulness in Janaica are due.
Many small atic are made from this fine natural fabric in
the West Indie

ACCESSIONS
LiprARY ACCESSIONS FROM SEPT. 21, 1922—JAN. 31, 1923.
BALLarp, CHARLES W. The elements of vegetable histology. New York,

Biatrer, ETHELBERT, & D’ALMEID. . F. Ferns of Bombay. Bombay,
1922. (Given by the Torrey paenne Clu 'b.}
Botanisch jaarboek, Vols. 1~ Gent, 1889-1914.
RITTON, NATHANIEL Lorp, & ROSE, JosepH NELson. The Cactaceae,

Vol. 3. Washington, 1922. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.

CasTLE, WILLIAM ERNEST. Genetics and eugenics. Ed. 2. Cambridge,
1922.

CuasE, Mary AGNES (MERRILL). First book of grasses. New York, 1922.
ee by Miss Katharine Kimball.

N, ERT WILLIAM. Agricultural bacteriology. Ed. 3. Phila-
delphia, 1918,
Contributions to Canadian nee 1906-20. Ottawa, Ig12-21. (Given
by the Department of Marine and Fisheries.)
Downinc, ANDREW i oo gardening. Ed. 10. Revised

by Frank Waugh. New York, 19

ERNST, ALFRED. Bastardierung hk Ursache der Apogamie im Pflan-
zenreich, Jena, 1918.

GILTNER, Wax. Laboratory manual in general microbiology. Ed. 2.

k, 1921.
NE, Epwarp Lee. Carolus Linnaeus. Philadelphia, 1912.
GER, JO ILLIA Student's herbarium for descriptive and
geographic purposes. Philadelphia, 1901.
ARSHBERGER, JOHN LLIAM. Text-book of pastoral and agricultural

AR: RGER, JOHN WItIaM. The vegetation of the New Jersey Pine-

Barrens. Philadelphia, 1916.

HounrTING GTON, Py WORTH, & cee iia SARGENT. Climatic
changes; their New Hav: 922.

Huxzey, Leonarp. Life and letters ie ‘Thome: Henry Huxley. 2 vols.
New ae ee es by Mrs. N. L. n.)

Kemp, Landscape frdning ee 4. aie revised and
adapted to aos ‘America by F. A. Waugh. New York, Ig1t.

go

MARSHALL, pee Epwarp. Microbiology, Ed. 3. Philadelphia, 1921.
ws, JosePpH MERRITT. The textile fibres: their physical, microscopi-
cal and chemical prepert ies. : ew York, 1913.
Merritt, ELMER Drew. A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants,
ene 1921. (Given by the aut!
NIcHOLSON, KATHARINE STANLEY. ° Historie American trees. New York,

cK RLES LATHROP. The school book of forestry. Washington, 1922.
hi

Pack, CHARLES Laturop. Trees as good citizens. Washington, 1922.
HH eed plant. New Yi . de

POPENOE, " FREDERICK Wi N. Manual of nas and subtropical fruits.
New York, 1920,

RecorD, SAMUEL JAMES. Identification of the economic woods of the United
States. Ed. 2. ew York, 1919.

RECORD, SAMUEL JAMES. The mechanical properties of wood. New York,
191

Report of the Department of science and agriculture of British aes
1913-14 to 1919. Georgetown, ee 21. (By exchange with the Dep:
ment of Agriculture of British Guiana.)

RosBINS, WILFRED WILLIAM. The botany of crop plants. Philadelphia,
1917.
SaRGEAUNT, JOHN. Trees, shrubs and planis of Virgil. Oxford, 1920.
en ae Dr. W. G. Thompson.)

R, ALBERT. Microanalysis of powdered vegetable drugs. Ed. 2.

ee eee 1921,

STEFANSSON, poner The friendly Arctic. New York, 1921. (Given
by Mrs. N. L. Britto

TRELEASE, Wasi. "Plant materials of decorative gardening. Ed. 2, rev.
Urbana, 1921. (Given se the author.

Warp, HENRY BaLpwin, & WHIPPLE, GEORGE CHANDLER. Fresh-water

mw
ee

k, 19
Wi RISTOPH Age and area: a study of geographical
dimbaen of species. Cane
NKLER, Hans. Verbreitung ad Ursache der Parthenogenesis im Pflan-

zen-und Tierreiche. Jena, 1920.

Y HUSBAND, Hate Epwarpb. The heart of nature. New York,
1922. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.

ZOLLICKOFFER, Wun Liam. A materia medica of the United States. Balti-
more, 3819. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.)

PLANT AND SEED ACCESSIONS

1 plant of Livistona chinensis for Conservatories. (Given by Mrs. Chas.
Mallory.

10 plants of Hemerocallis from Peru for Conservatories. (Given by Mr.
W. H. Staver.)

gr

4 plants of Agave. (Given by Mr. A. H. Sievers.)
5 plants of Begonia for peeken (Given by Mr. F. E. Metzler.)
1 plant for iris garden. (Given by . C. Wister.)
1 ‘plant of Myrtus for Sit tte “(Given by ote S. Seifert.)
2 plants for rock garden. (Given by Rev. H. M. w.)
5 Plants 108: iris garden. (Given by Mr. G. E. Sh pare +)
Conservatories. (Given by Mr. Arthur Hunter.)
Z plants for new lilac garden. (Purchased.)
plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Musuem
ie Dr. J. N. Rose.)
41 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Dept. of Parks, Man-
hattan.)
5 plants of Quercus from Staten Island. Cages - Dr. A. Hollick.)
1 plant from Bolivia. (Collected by Dr. H. H. ry.)
1 packet of seed. (Given by Mrs. Samuel aor
Given by Mr. W

m. W. Heaton.)
- iven a Mr. Fred Whitman.)

a
S]

ol . (Given by Dr. N. H.
1 packet of Gingko biloba seed. c lected by Mis. E. G. Britton.)
1 packet of spores. yy exchange with Dr. A. G. Stokey.)
1 packet of Sabal texana seed. (Co Mect a by Dr. R. Runyon.)
p eed. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
99 Dehlia plants, 52 varieties, and 27 Dahlia roots, 24 varieties. (Given
by Mr. Wm. J. Matheson.)
76 Dahlia roots, 40 varieties. (By exchange with Dr. bea Howe.)
24 Dahlia roots, 14 varieties. (Given by Mr. J. J. Bros 1.
19 Dahlia plants, 10 varieties, and 4 Dahlia roots, 3 ara (By exchange
with David M. Benford.)
18 Dahlia roots, 12 varieties. (Given by Mr. C. Louis Alling.)
16 Dahlia roots, 12 varieties. (Given by Dahliadel Nurseries.)

™
2
fe)
=n
o
+
a
2

15 Dahlia plants, 12 varieties, and 11 Dahlia roots, 11 varieties. (Given
by Dr. L. Hosford Abel.)
15 Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. ven by Babylon Dahlia Gardens.)
14 Dahlia plants, 8 varieties. rata by W. H. Waite.)
13 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Walker Bros.)
12 Dahlia plants, 6 varieties. (Given by Mr. Wm. is
Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. iven by Mrs. S. C. Mastick.)
9 Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. (Given by Mr. ill
9 Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. (Given by Slocombe’s Dahlia Gardens.)
8 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given b Ts. sf
8 Dahlia dee 8 varieties. (Given by Mr. mith.)

6 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties, and 4 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties, (Given by
Cc

-)
5 Dahlia r 4 varieties. (Given by Mr. Dee E. ee -)

es Layman. )
4 Dahlia plants, 4 varieties. (Given by ee

92

4 Dahlia plants, 4 varieties. (By oe with Mr. W. N. Corby.)

3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mr. C. bile ote
Dahlia roots, ieties. (Given by a hi
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by Bessie Bos ” Dahlia Farm.)

Dahlia roots, 2 varieties, and 4 Dahlia plants, eee varieties. (Given by
Alt F. Clark.
2 Dahlia roots, 1 variety. (By exchange with Dr. Romeo Roberto.)
1 Dahlia root, 1 variety. Saar by Stewart & Fisher.)
1 Dahiza root. (Given by Mr. A. Hentschel.)
1 Dahlia root. (By ee ‘with Mr. J. Otis Ball.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe Prof. W.
Fritz Achelis Daniel Gupgeniieadl
Edward D. Adam: Murry Guggenheim
Charles B. Wiese J. Horace Harding
Vincent Astor J. Montgomery Hare
John W. Auchincloss Edward S. Harkness
rof. R. A.
Stephe: Amory Haskell
ry de Forest Baldwin T. A. Havemeyer
Edmund L. Bayli A. kscher
Prof. Charles P. Berkey vee P. Hennessey
Eugene P. Bicknell ‘on G. Hodenpyl
C. K. G. Billings Btn Hoffma:
George Blumenthal Archer M. Huntington
ae S. Brewster Adrian Iseli
. N. L. Britton D ter B. James
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess Walter Jenning
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler Otto H. Kahn
r H. Carpenter Prof. James F. Kem;
Prof. C. F. Chandler Darwin P. Kingsley
Hon. W. A. Clark Edw. V. Z. Lane
Cc: A. Coffin Dr. Albert R. Ledoux
Marin Le Brun Cooper Prof. Frederic S. Lee
Paul D. Cravath Adolph Lewisohn
James W. Cromwell haath K. nines
Charles Deering V. Everit M

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow Edgar L. Maron
Cleveland H. Dodge . Mat
Samuel W. Fairchild eae Tee

Sere Field John L. Merrill

. Field Ogden Mills
oo B ee Hon. Ogden L. Mills
Henry W. st Barrington Mo
Robert W. de Forest J. Pierpont Morgan
Childs Frick Dr. Lewis R. Morris

Frederic R. oe
Eben E. Olco

Prof. Henry. 7 Osborr.
Chas. tap Pack

Johnston A. Redmond
ars Mills Reid

H. M. Richards

ne D. Rockefeller

. Emlen Roosevelt
Prof. H. H. Rusby
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre
Mortimer L. Schiff
Albert R. Shattuck
Henry A. Siebrecht
Valentine P. Snyder
James Speyer
Frederick Strauss
F

B. B. Thay:
popiia G. “Thompson

Boyce Thom
Ag W. Gilman iene

Bronson Winthrop
Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. George A. Armour ae Bradish Johnson

Mrs. Robert Bacon s. Delancey Kane
Miss Elizabeth Billings i ay tav E. Kissel
N. L. Britton

Irs. A. A. Low
Mrs, Andrew Carnegie Mrs. V. Everit Macy
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. Henry Marquand

Miss Elizabeth Hamilton George W. Perkins
. A. B n Hepburn Mrs. Harold J. Pratt
Mrs. Robert C. Hill Mrs. William A, Read

Mrs. Walter Jennings

Mrs. ee oe
Mrs. Benson B. Sloa

Mrs. F, de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser
Mics. ay Kane Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

tr acai 58s

he contribution of $25 ore to the funds of the Garden by an ti

or ie bequest shall Xone, ae cence to be a benefactor of the Garden
2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the bysine bn gift

or by bequest shall entitle the paneer to be a patron of the Gard

3. Fellows for Life
he contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Member
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00

5. Sustaining ee
Sus staining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become
fellows for life when their payments a reat $1000.00.

6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an girs fee of $10.00.
All ee are entitled to the following Privileges
. Tickets to all (eclieest given under the auspices a the Board of Managers.
as Initio to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of

Man:
3. A ny an “al handbooks published ed i Garden.
e A Ba of all annual reports and bul
. A copy of the monthly Journal.
= Pavieié of the Board Room.
7. Life Members
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of
#250.00
Information
mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building
at 3 o'clock
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of................. south

May, 1923

JOURNAL

OF

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS

ca -paienng of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

in Porto Rico and me Fea Islands ....
Pie Dinner to Dr. Thompson..................

‘Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

STER, Pa.

ATS

My NC,
Beis een ho opm PRINTING COMPANY

: ce Notes for ane ES |, ROPER ea sca DCE Goole tee
News and Comment................-- CREE IN ade

OFFICERS, 1923

PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE
E

VicE-PRESIDENTS E K. ST IRG

TREASURER—JOHN L. MER

ASSISTANT Teen HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE f
SecrETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
EE W. DeFOREST FREDERIC R. sabe
W. J. MATHESON ; W. GILMAN THOM

Term expires January, 1925

HENRY een BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOHN
PAUL D. CRAVAT: BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL :
ROBERT W. DerOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THe Mayor orf THE City or New YorkK
HON. sje) F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC ee
PROF. R. A. HAR: Chairm
R. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER DR 'FREDERIC Ss. eae
PROP. WILLIAM J. oe HO ae ek
PROF. JAMES F. KEM PROF. HERDER M. RICHARDS
PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

TM ERLET Mia Ne
RDEN STAFF Eb

GA
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chef (Development, Administration) fe
. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration)

DR. H. H. RUSBY, ae Curator 1 of the Economic Cle
ELIZABETH c. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mos.
DR on 8 HOLLICK, Paleobotanist

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV May, 1923 No. 281

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF PORTO RICO AND
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

To THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS OF THE NEW York BOTANICAL
GARDEN

m:—As a further contribution continued
cooperation with the New York Academy of eae Columbia

January 20th to April oth, 1923, engaged in

of Sciences. This Academy has published noteworthy
contributions to the geology and palaeontology of these islands,
to be followed by fe botany, of which we have the first

= in press, Sete descriptions of the wild and cultivated
plants and of their products useful in the sciences and industries,

is largely completed. I accompanied by Mrs. Britton, wh
contin studies of mosses and aided in the collection and
preservation of plants and specimens, a: ed J. Seaver,
Curator, in charge of our mycological collections, who w Ss
a guest of t Rico Govern ‘o increase knowledge
f the fungi. Professor James F. Kemp of vine University,
nd a member of our Board, joined rst, and while

diligently occupied in geological eee gave
attention to the botanical work.
93

94

Our primary objects were to render more complete the des-
criptions of the plants and the pea of their distribution as
governed by soil, . and altitude, and to increa r
colle hone of West Indian s aaa a especial antares!) ie
i much territory
summits, and they have enone iatd ae occa in Porto
Rico and in the Virgin Isl of species
not hitherto known from the region, including some

Se
< oO

f nov
by aid and flemaaecn from government officials and from
civilians.
In Porto Rico we were cordially welcomed and aided by Hon.
Juan B. Huyke, Acting Governor and Commissioner of Educa-

; by Hon. Joh Wilson, Com
pace pee facilities a study aa delightful hospitals
were provided by Mr. Rafael Menendez Ramos, Direc
the Insular Agricultural Experiment Station at Rio aes
ne Menendez; by Mr. D. W. May, Director of the
Agricultural Experiment Station at Mayaguez, and Mrs. May;
and by Professor C. W. Horne, Dean of the College a Agri-
orn

we
paintings of Porto Rico plants made Mrs. Ane one o

and eee t pleasure in Bere a general pen of
e Geol

. E. Mur uner, Forester of Porto Rico: and Mrs
Bae jeer ise, us a visit of four days (February 23-26)

95

to the Luquillo sey pete the forest rangers’ cabins at
ata Yunque t

mosses and hepatics; ei its ee is the highest in = me
Rico and th

Mr. Cane has recently constructed a stoned trail nearly to its
summit as a part of some thirty miles of ee naa =
Lu quillo Forest Reserve built under his dir and
mountain and its vegetation are thus much more ene access-
ible than they formerly were.

. Robert B. Noyes, of Ponce, organized for us a visit t
the mountain forests in the Cordillera Central, north of hae

from Ponce other high ates in the Cordillera Central and
studied the forest at Indiera Baja on the new road running
alas from Yauco - also made collections in the valley of the
‘o Negro on the road running north from Juana Diaz. Col-
i oe were also nade near the southern coast on the very dry
hills in the vicinity of Ponce and Guaya nilla, where Badier tera ee
aea, a shrub of the gay-wings family was detected, not hitherto
d from Porto Rico. It was found by us just in time to
be recorded by Dr. S. F. Bae in his monograph of this family
in ‘North scare Flora
Don Jorge Bird Arias ered for us a visit to Icacos Cay,
a oo island off Cape San Juan, the pone Lea
of Porto Rico, which we ae by his motor Fajardo

96

It is very interesting heel eran several species of plants aa
found ‘there which are not known to inhabit the mainland o:
Porto Rico. a ieee is bright white and a very pure

Delightful oe and opportunity to study hills in the
vicinity of Arecibo and Barceloneta geologically = siege viees
u ibo.

ne
saa ae n _and Manati and to several places

this in one of the hills near Martin ied where the sand was
seen in layers between those of limeston
We gave especial attention to studies of Sas oe in
o make our records of exotics The
oleten of the Agricultural Pape uent Stations a is Mayague
and at Rio’ Piedras and those of th
w. The plants in the Governor’s Garden and of the Porto
Rice Nursery Company at Rio Piedras, and those in the plazas
of several cities, and in the gardens a several hotels were ob-
d had tudyi i

served, an
private see among them that of Mr. and Mrs. F. T. Maxwell
at Ensenada where a truly wonderful result has been reached

in the transformation of a dry rocky hill on the harbor of Guanica
i a luxuriai nd elegant garden, primarily by the planting
of 'y cocoanut palms several years ago, which soon sale
under irrigation the requisite shade for the present

1 AtN b were guests of Mr. Harold I. Sewell
now, a ious occasion when we explored the Nagua-
tains,’ facilitated our work by kind hospitality and

lued inform His use of the Porto Rico Royal Pal
(Roystonea borinquena) planted in a semicircle fronting 2

te
residence is original and elegant, and his success in grow!
mangosteens (Gercinia sp.) is. an important a rns

1Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 56. 1922.
* Journ, N. Y, Bot. Gard. 15: 102. 1914.

97

experiment. At Miraflores we studied the oe janes
of Mr. where

Antonin Nechodoma, where many n. xOti

ids flourish and flower profusely; we ae ce. our
inability, for lack of time, to accept his invitation to visit his
ountain home in the Luquillo Mountains where he is jealously

waters e Mameyes River, one of the few large streams
which remains ee ted

rden of the Misses Noble at Condado afforded us
ud

botanically very interesting localities.
We spent a week on St. Thomas and another on St. Croix,
pursuant to kind invitation from Captain H. H. Hough

Z
ic}
mt
5
°
oe
oe
a
o
Ss
5
oe:
5
a)
mg
5
3
om
wn
°
=
=
a
&
Gq
=
=
eZ)
o
wp
ot
®
w

omas ae 9 se Eee d - man Juan March 26
I Thoma ga
and during this visit especial attention was paid to plants under
cultivation in parks and gardens and particularly to the note-
orth t together by

modification into an elegant modern residence; he is keeping
records ©: e eee complete or partial, in establishing
species hitherto not in cultivation in the West Indies, and also

ar. He has
cooperated with us in experimenting with many species sent

1Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 14: 99. 1913.

98

to him from the New York Botanical Garden and from the

with ierent and a siepreciation and who aided us by guidance

to interesting ieee and by eee We are also grate-

ful for kind attention to . A. B. Romig who had previously
Oo

n : 13
Proceeding by steamer to St. Croix, we found that our comfort
and convenience had been anticipated by Gov r Houg

lacing by radio the facilities of the old government house at

vision of Lieut. C. E. Rappolee, U.S. N., Despatching Secretary,
and to him and to Mrs. Rappolee we are grateful for highly
valued aid fae information, as also to Lieut. John C. Gebhard,
f the me ei Oe aioe their co-

pe nee nd botanical

collections at many poin » the extensive and a maintained

at the St. Croix Agricultural Experiment Station, now directed

d
me species were seen there not known to us to be in cultivation
ese in the West He Mr and Mrs. Thompson guided
and accompanied us to lee attractive and instructive botani-
cal isesliaee To Mr. Folmer Andersen, Manager of the Bethle-

Jes
. Marines, and Mrs. Jeschke and to Mr. H. B. cee
his family.

99

We have brought back with
collections of museum

\f separate
and herbacum specimens, see ede. fruit
- living aaa ee over 5000 individual specimens,

which abou e-half are fungi, collected by Dr. Seaver,
ee report is ene appended.
Respectfully submitted,
N. L, Britton.
Director-in-Chief.

MYCOLOGICAL WORK IN PORTO RICO AND THE
VIRGIN ISLANDS

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief:

of the Insular Government and with

your permission, on January 20, I sailed on the

to accompany you logist in charge of special work

as “Techno
on fungi of Porto Rico’’ later extended to include the Virgin
Islands.

Str:-—At the request

Prebably more mycological work has been done in anes
Rico than in any other island of the American tropics.
mary of this work appeared in 1918 in the form of a Gen ae
of the fungi by J. A. Stevenson at that time connected with the
oe station.!

For e time past a revision and extension of this work has
been ae way by the wri

r
is stay there made a critical study of the ans material
collected by Potes H. He yy i) and 2 ”. Olive i
Porto Rico in1916. Asa a is fi
knowledge of die fungi of his home land, Mr. Chardon is un-

Through the efforts of Mr. Chardon and Mr. Rafael Menendez
R :

the expenses of a trip to Porto Rico in company with yourself

1A check ee a Porto Rican fungi and a host index. Jour. Dept. Agr.
Porto Rico 2: . 3. 1918.

100

in order to make more nearly complete our knowledge of the
fungi of the islands. The following instructions were received
ry me (details omitted):
Dec. 18, 1922.
Dr. Fred J. Seaver,
New York, N. Y.

Siry:—You are hereby authorized Ga directed to oe from
New York City to San Juan, Porto Rico, for the purpose of
conducting a ae of pees ren aiming to make more
complete the knowledge of fungi in Porto Rico, especially ee
which are destructive to vegetation and more especially
coffee and citrus fruits.

The traveling expenses hereby enjoined are necessary for the
Hee service and said expenses are estimated not to exceed

00.

Y our actual transportation expenses from New York City to
San Juan, and from San Juan back to New York City, as well
as all necessary expenses made in performance of your official
duties while in Porto Rico will be paid by the Insular Govern-
ment

Respectfully,
Ramon GanpiA Corbo
Acting Commissioner of Agriculture and Le or.
ee Juan
eee of Pere Rico.

ordance with the foregoing instructions, the work was
e

know, by American mycologists. The
most extensive mycological work as on these islands is
by C. Ferdinandsen and O. Win

1 Fungi from the Danish nes Indies collected 1905-1906, Part 1. Bot.
Tidssk. 29: 3-25, pl. z,2. 1908.

1or

One week was spent on the island of St. Thomas and one
week on St. Croix. The conditions here are at best arid and our
visit Sine: in the dryest Part o an eked dry season
But in spite of the rather the lated
time the two weeks work will result in a eee mere increase

n the number of species of fungi known from these interesting
little islands.

e total of the approximately ten weeks work in Porto cae
m

ousand
jected to a microscopic st udy and the results incorporated in
published i

el
erable number of species not iia known to sci
Res —_, submitted,
D J. SEAVER,
Curator

COMPLIMENTARY DINNER TO DR. THOMPSON.

D Gilman Thompson, president of the New York Bot-
anical Garden from 1913 to 1923, was aay a dinner by the
Board of Managers April 12 in the of the Century

with two handsome pieces of antique silver fe and with an
engrossed copy of the following resolutions
Wuereas: After distinguished service as President of The
of ten ¥

he has thugaeur hie eae f the Garden given its devel p-

ment an inten evoted attention, having its a

Saideeten in mind its welfare at heart, having participated,
ith rare ptions, in all meetings of the Board of Managers,

n:
of the Corporation, and of commi ittees of which
member, wise in counsel and fertile in suggestion, be i

102

ResotveD: That the Managers of The New York Botanical
Garden hereby Lisery their cordial appreciation of Dr. Thom
son’s services as President and express their hope that he will
long continue to give ae Garden the benefit of his experience
and Geant judgement.

FREDERIC S. eae President,
Joun L. MERRILL, Treasurer,
N. L. Brirron, es tary.

ANNUAL SPRING INSPECTION
The annual Spring Inspection of the New York Botanical

A. Gleason explained the its uae sears initiated
to determine conditions affecting the growth of the hemlock
trees. Tea was then served in the museum.

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING JUNE

June 2. ‘‘Economic Uses and Possibilities of Seaweeds”

Dr. A. Howe
June 3. ‘“Evolution”............ .. ... Dr. C. S. Gager
June g. “Insects and Insect Fungi’... Dr. F. J. Seaver
June 10. Nature Talks—IV. ‘‘Ferns’’.. Dr. W. A. Murrill
June 16. ‘Summer Wild Flowers”..... Mr. C. W. Johnson
June 7. ‘Roses’... 2.0... 0 .0.0.. . Mr. Robert Pyle

June 23. “The Big Tiees Gi California” .. Dr. H. A. Gleason

103

June 24. ‘The History and Sources of Quinine’
Dr. H. H. Rusby
June 30. ‘‘ Flowers of the Four Seasons’’ Mr. K. R. Boynton

CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL

staff and students of the Garden held the last monthly
Rie of the spring on Wednesday, April 4. The program

Gall” Dr. Mel. ook, and on ‘The Annonaceae of the
Beni River Valley” by Dr. H. H. Rusby.

r. Cook said that galls or tumors of various kinds are caused
by insects, fungi, slime molds and bacteria. They have been

tion has been given to n oie tae recent years h
studies under aunane at time were undertaken to
determine the early stages of ne crown gall (caused by B. tume-
faciens) on castor bean seedli s. The galls originate in cortex
or 3 Rares ‘he tissues of the fibro-vascular bundles
storted but the tissues have under: c
aieendecena to be affected otherwise. The tumor strands
a pear in either cortex or pith enchyma. in
the former are between the ascular bundles.

the fibro
Dr. Rusby will publish an account of the Annonaceae in a
later issue of the Journal.

HEsTER M. Rusk,
Secretary of the Conference.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
ual Meeting and May Flower Show of the Horti-
cultural Society of New York was held at ae museum building
of the New York Botanical Garden on May 11-13. Numerous
prizes were awarded to professionals and i. for exhibits
of both cut flowers and plants. An especially beautiful fea-
d

oe according to the interpretor’s imagination, in beautiful
ee colors of yellow, brown and purple.

104

The Mansion of The New York Botanical Garden caught fire
tk i f March 26 Iti i tk let d. hie ti

fet A ts Jy} g J: bm Tat d +
of g
the main ae second floors. se fire Degen on the took neat the
chimney

on begces Several a of the Garden were int the
e time, including Mr. A. J. Corbett, Superin-
ea eden of ane and Grounds. He promptly took measures
ward the protection of the property in ae aes until the
gh covering
the contents of the lower floors and thereby protecting them

kept comparatively low. hee enetic ond to the alarm
j HI og gC Pa!
and

pper floors of the building.
Murrill was awarded a gold medal by the — ie
n Mar

Afte
oie on “ ae and Their ir ene to er in America.”

Meteorology ilu March, The total ise eaione for the month
was 3.31 inches, of which 0.60 inch aes es by snow measure-
eae recor sie for
each week were 50° on the 11th, 56° on ee 16th, 77°

he 27th.
on the 9th, 20° on the 15th, 14° on the 20th and 17° on the 2oth.

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe
Fritz Achelis

Edward D. Adam:
Charles B. ene
Vincent Astor

Dr. Nicholas M. head
Prof. W. H. Carpent
Prof. C. F. cies.
Hon. W. A. Clark

eS fa Coffin

in Le Brun Cooper
on D. Cravath
James W. Cromwell

Henry W. de Fi
Robert W. de Hea
Childs Frick

Prof. W. J. Gies
Daniel Guggenheim

Tech P. Hennessey

Anton G. Hodenpyl
Bernhard Hoffmann
Archer M. Huntington
Adrian Iselin

he James F. Kemp
rwin P. Kingsle
He Albert R. Ledoux

Fie R. Newbold

Members of the Advisory

Mrs. George A. Armour

Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Mrs. Delancey Kane

Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel

Mrs. Frederic S. Lee
rs. A. A. Low

Mrs. V. Everit Macy

M. Pierre Mali

Mrs. Henry Marquand

. Prai
Mid Wm. Kelly aan Mie

Mrs. William A. Read

Eben E. ae =
Prof. Henry F. Osborr.
Chas. Lahn Pack
ae Ph ip}

ads
James R "Pitcher
Ira A. Place

i Emlen cena

of. H. H. Rusby
a Cha dey H. roth

James Speyer
Frederick Strauss
F. K. Sturgis

er
Charles G. Thompson

Grenville L. Winthrop

Council
Mrs.
Mrs.
Mrs.

mere a pina
B. Sloan

Mes,
Mrs.
Mrs.

F, de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry moe
Mrs. Goh I. Kan

Mrs. Jas. A. Scry:
Miss Olivia E. Ps St

‘mser
okes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Bott Botanical Garden

_ Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, conta

ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of "general interest. Fre all
members of the = en. To others, 30 cents a copy; $1.00 a ye out
offered in exchan: Now in its nina at wai volume.

Mycologia, pitsoithiy, illustrated in r and otherwise; devoted to

hig including lichens; containing er arias and news and notes o}

eneral interest, and an index to current American mycological literature.

.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in
its fifteenth volume.

isonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates acco b
popular Seer ae ‘flowering planes eight plates in each n r, thirty-
two in each volume. Subscription Brey $10.00 a year. (Not ng ered in

exchange. ] Now re ‘its eighth volum
Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, contalnibe the annual reports

of the Director-in-Chief and other ial docu and technical articles
penne a results of investigations bora out ne "ae ‘Ga rden. Free to all
members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its twelfth
v ifties
0 merican Flora. eee of the wild plants of North America,
including Greenland, the West Indies, and Cen itral America. Planned to bi
completed in 34 volumes. oy. 8vo, Eac mo:
parts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; ted ey of <eeaeae

parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not ioc in were
Vol. 3, part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fimetariaceae

; ars).
Vol. 7, parts 1-8, 1906-1922. Ustilag: Peas" 2 | (pars). (Parts
y.)

1 and 2 no longer sold separate
Vol. 9 nee, complet parts fa 7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no phe sold separately.)
10, ee I-3, 1914-1917. Agaricaceae (pars).
Vol. 14, part I, 1923. Sphactear eee = —Marchantiaceae.
Vol. 15, parts I and 2, 1913. Sphagna Leucobryaceae
Vol. 16, part 1, 1909. Ophioglossaceae—Cyatheaceae (pars)

Vo , 22, parts I-6, 1905-191 18. Badomenanae eae—Rosaceae.
ol. 24, part I, 191 Fe part 2, 1920. aceae (pars).
Vol. 25, parts 1-3, 1907-I9II. GeraniaceaeBurseracene
ica
,

Vol. 33, part I, 1922. Ambrosiaceae—Carduaceae (pars).

Vol. 34, parts ma 1914-1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae.

Memoirs of the New York ar ar Garden. Ecite to members of the
Cadets $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in marry

An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Monee and the Yellow.
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900,

Vol. II. The Rene of Light a nd ea upon spite and Develop-
ment, by D. ougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figu 3.

Vol. III Studies “of Cretaceous Coniferous Remnae frome Kereischerville
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates.
1909.

Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, Bee Charles Stuart
Gere. oe + 478 Pp .. with 73 figures a 14 plates.
Vol. V.

Flora of the Vicinity of New aa A Contribution oi Plant
Geography, by Norman puke i+ 6 Ais with 9 plates
Vol Papers presented at ane Celebratiohl the Ty entieth Aninverata

of the. Ne af York Botanical Garden. viii + 594 pp., with 43 plates and many
text figures. I91

Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprint ed from
journals other than the above. Price, 25 \cents eac h. $5.00 per volume.
n the tenth volume.

NEW YORK eae GARD.
Bronx Park, New vad City

|

Vol. XXIV June, 1923 No. 282

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director

CONTENTS
The Needle Palm--Rhapidophyll Hvatrix 105
Teer eAMMCICT PERE eee LOE ci rts ic ites’ os ap us Wote's bocno’almiale'aisvee'e'n g's ine =)ais 114
Public Lectures during July............... 0200s cece eee cee e cece eee nee 119
Notes, News and Comment.......... 120
Accessions 121

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
Ir

AT8& ANCASTER, Pa.

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFIOERS, 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE
VIcE-PRESIDENTS eee RY W. vee eFOREST
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTO LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
NRY W. DeFOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD

W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1925

HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOHN

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL

ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorE
HON. ee F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF TH EPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS. DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER DR. FREDERIC S. LE
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES HON. GEORGE J. RY VAN
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. TE M. RICHARDS
PROF. HENRY H. RUSB

DEN STAF

‘KENNETH R. BOYNION, Head Gardener
ARAH H. HAR ibrarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, ora Curator of the Economic Hints
Beaees G. BRI TTON, Honorary Curator of Mi
R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanist

ARTHUR : CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings nae ‘ropads

“a

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. XXIV June, 1923 No. 282

THE NEEDLE PALM—RHAPIDOPHYLLUM HYSTRIX

If one should thrust his hand close to the stem of this palm
he d promp
applied to this plant.
structures constitute an important part of ie leaf-sheath by
being woven together by coarse pliable fiber:

Botanically, this palm, which is quite unique in our flora, is
only a little over a century old. However, the ne
suggestive of a very ancient — a eine Woes its

very Salon leaf-sheath, its flow e dioecious; that is,
the staminate flowers and ns pistillate ee are borne on
different ee
708) ne ‘standpoint oe ae geography, one needle- eae is
t of our
fopicll American species or are identical with them. In some

a
originated in or migrated to southeastern North America at the
same time that the other types . plants that are common to
eastern North America and to eastern Asia flourished—Tumi
Croomia, Hugeria. At all events, fe erie is lost in ore
time.

As in the cases of some of our other Asiatic plant-relatives,
this te may have inhabited the highlands, perhaps both the

105

EH.

wxit), the dominant tree, contributes generously
44

In the swamp of Little River, Gadsden Co., Fla.—The needle-palm (Rk

Ith

thi.

I

h more foliose than those of the blue-stem, and the

11

alluvium in the hammock where the cow-oak (Quercus Mich

=
.
<£ ¢°
se
> &
a3
a
3
ay
v
3 §
on
H&G

107

high diha]

or may be only the more elevated parts.
If “this condition eau before the glacial t imes, the rigors of

r
to the lowlands took shelter in protected places and maintained

not that the plant usually grows in the kind of place less fre-
quently disturbed by man in his methods of cviliaton, the
time wou!d be much shortened by artificial agencies.
ve palm really inhabited “ eid lands to the cede of
ane not show any inclination

yn

a

3
9

to reestablish itself if its: former ae

nteresting
facts in the life history of this ee and distlosed: the reasons
for its non-a iveness. For some reason the inflorescence,
both staminate and pistillate, is much contracted or congested;
even the spadix is short and t ower clusters borne close
o the spadix are hidden in the of les and wool-like
fibers, together wi ore or less accumulated foreign matter,

in the crown of leaves. The inflorescence never protrudes, not
even in fruit, as it does in our other palms. So exaggerated is
this contraction of the inflorescence, that the es cluster of

have insufficient material to support growth. We have found
clusters of fruits, mostly decayed, aa have er) in the crown
of leaves for at least two years. Under
the seeds sprout in sit. We have found clusters of two dozen
young seedlings efanding in ane Coen of eaves: few, if any, of
them, however, with t o maturity.
Apparently the only age hey for pence the seeds is that of
iad seeking the fruits as food, but the chances for distribu-

n by this method are limited on account of the armament
onic bristles about the fruit-cluster.

Th

h

aresult, perhaps,

It

sc namar re oe! is found Bone with the preceding
ichi

[Sabal A , with the exception
of its singular spines. It was eases by the late Mr. John
Fraser, about sixteen yea o, near the city of Savannah.'’6

n 1817, Stephen Elliott? ‘printed the yan note in his
f Sout

: I s first noticed by the la r. Pace The
leav co or Earonas attain me heights of four {9 five feet. It is
the thorns, . which grow from

e root, eae nag with the icone: It is found in rich,
clayey soils, alon e margins of swamps, and from its peculiar

In the following year Thomas Nuttall,! having ehscered a
ale published a note concerning it as follows, at the sa
me transferring it to the genus Sabal,

in 1807. From 1812 to , he was a lee in the United States navy,
most of the fan statio aie in Georgia or Florida. Appointed surgeon and
botanist to Long eee up the Missouri, ae died at Franklin, Nose
1 September noo H.B.

® Reliquiae Baldwinianae 344. 1843. ae in 1816.)
7 Stephen Elliott was born 11 November 1771, at Beaufort, South Carolina.
He was a graduate of Yale College (1791), and esa in the histor

of South Carolina the ach Legislature and

as eg of the State Bank for nearly ae ye He was the author

of the r sie le ae runner ate by hu ima “aketch of the botany
£S th fl 4

treas He died at Charleston, 28 March
e367 “His herbarium i is now in the custody of the Charleston Museum.

% John Fraser was born in 1750, at Tomnacloich, ee Scotland,
About 1770 he settled in London, engaging in business at Chelsea. He was
for years one of the most famous European collectors of anaes seeds

diving vl 4. Meraundiand dipine the Revoliak dint }

Uni 1 Cuba after its close, crossing the At!
de th F

quest between 1780 and 1810 H 1 i most if not all
fe

“11

of the few American botanists of that day,a the publi-
Iter's aes caroliniana.’ i is believed that some of the

from 1799 to
ae states pone his father’s ein which occurred at Chelsea, 26 April
81 .H.B.

"Bot S.C. & Ga. 1:
© Thomas Nuttail was Bae uary 1786, at Long Preston, BGs ir Settle,
Yorkshire. He became a fea printer

1r2

he fronds er Saat from those of the preceding
y

species [Sabal Adansonii] ny other character than th =
pearance of long par ies spines; the inflorescence has not yet
been compared; its r. ence a cho dan-

; its rare occurr :
sonii leads to a suspicion of its validity as a distinct species. In
the ae of evatnal pointed out to me by the kindness of
Dr. Baldw

Several ee s later Thomas Nuttall, in publishing some notes
referring to plants collected by Nathaniel Ware” said": ‘‘In this

ni xed wi

half a foot long, and rigid as needles, within these radical sheaths
is enclosed the andere one loaded with hirsute brownish
drupes, the size of coffee berries, and recent possessing an
oon sweetish aye with he ch the Abo: ies pil ee ‘
Carl Friedrich von Martius," in ie cla ork on palms,

after fully ne the saat says: ws in oes near

botany. During thirty-three years of residence in the United States, from
1808 to 1841, he devoted most of his time to botanical study, collecting
plants not only in the northeastern states, tut iD ats met le west, the south,
across the Rockies, and on the Pacific coast, and i blishing hi
remarkable little work on _ ‘Genera: of North patie plants,” as well
Healso

o
®
3
Bb
as
®

well known as an nerd In 1841 he returned to England, and made
his home at “ Nutgrove,”’ a small estate near Rainhill, Prescott, Lancaster-
859. me H.B.

Nathaniel A. who was born about 1780, is eeaid to pave been a
native of Mass Parr but most of f
He studied and practiced law. an Sa Carolina, but saa at Natchez,
Mississippi
fortune. In later years he lived at Philadelphia and Cincinnati, and he
died at Cavern in mes His interest in the natural sciences was sas
known; Nuttall described many new species of plants collected by him
East Por and West Florida, and oa to him the cruciferous genus
Warea.—J. H. B.

3 American Journal of pauihe a 293.

1822.
bs ao Friedrich Philipp von Martius was born 17 April 1794, at Erlangen,
Germ His fa ather, Ernst ue dite ae died ii in 1849 as me ag
of 3
f t ical soci {R m association

From
ith his fat 1 his father’s friends, meee early acquired a good know-

Savannah, and in other places Eastern Florida,
Pursh, Nutt Ware. Called by the in-

ly sed by during which this palm,
when oo to, still He ae ne the generic name Chamae-
ops.

Z
8
o
©
be
w
3
S
oO
a

wever, in 1876, two students of the palms, Hermann Wen
land"* and Oscar Drude!” Heretofore i
very characteristic je pal 9 had marqueraded oe at least fou

d

i of medi-
cine, 1814, removed to Mu niche and began to assist in the work of the
cee eudce of that cit y which was -_ ies for ine remainder of his life.
From 1817 to 1820 he in Brazil
collecting plants and oe he flora not ae near the coast but up
mazon as far as the Per Seiad It was this journey ie ee
ed his life-work, and filled in the publication of volume afte: me,
ritten or edited by him, upon the flora of Brazil. The Flor sees
(1840-1906), a great folio work established by him ee ee edit
him until his death, is the most mo onumenta 1 oe or i to the ee

I uring hi

any country. It wasd his interest wa:
dinth 1

3
1 ily of tt e pal 7 In he began the

publicatio:

the work expanded as it progressed, until, upon the completion of ats three
volumes in 1850,

world, His publications, however, extended not only into other Baraiee

fie and linguistics. He became
preesor in the university at bala in 1826, and ibaa a the botanic
1832 th of these

il hi i in 1854. He died at Munich, 13 December

1868.—J. H. B

C.F. von Martius, Historia naturalis Palmarum 3: 251. 1839.
mann Wendland was born 11 October 1825, at Herrenhausen, Han-
nover, where his father was director of the royal gar n. heeds st euies baled

his father's assistant in 1850, and succeeded sim as esa . the ee
hausen garden i in 1869. During most t of f

f palms, upon which he became
} hori He died at U t 12 January 1903. “I. HB.

17 Carl Georg Oscar Drude was s born 5 June 1852, at Brunswick, German
city and at the (iniversity of

1874. Since 1879 hi e Anca been professor ir in the technical [school at
his writings

cov ering ¢ de erse e helds ont h phytogeography, and physi-
ology. i bj f study wi ith nee ever since
d étti J.H.B.

his early y 4

1t4

generic names, pounds Cae pie hares Seeing
he it belonged to none ac s different

the plants are much reduced in size. However, it is in the
alluvium of the s ewarnpy flood plains of rivers that the palm

There

¥ oS itself to = the most graceful and beautiful of our
mless native palm

Te armament is es a conspicuous character that the plant

has often been called the “vegetable porcupine.’

Joun K. SMALE.

HARDY FERNS

Along eae pane he among rocky crevices to the east
and north of a of native rock lies the fern garden.
Natural ae aes ae imitated by a aed brook
abies has been caused to flow down from the summit in cascades

d_pools; and pinaati trees protect cee delicate plants in

The fern ae may be reached by the Horticultural
Grounds entrance, passing north by the Rock garden or from
the 200th treet entrance, going south through the Herbaceous

Ferns are not showy plants, and hide their individuality

seemingly so unimportant, are studied and appreciated
sae some groups of the flowering plants nie exist separate

BR he 7, 24:2, 1876.

115

popular names or aln TlOSt
the flowerless ak wisterg occa and orders are se a
under a single name—it is a seaweed, a sedge,a moss or a fern—

a 8
interest arou a and he ae nas acquainted. The
s imilar a

which ssible rate the ferns
genera and species as Tain etaehIy as in re case of the higher
plants.

The European cara of the Middle Ages, who wove a rich
fabric of folk-lore about each familiar object of field and green-

ed. Thus they reasoned, wit
ae lore, ay since ferns obviously multiply, they must have
invisible seeds, which if they could be collected, would bestow
ae interesting quality of Faia The royal fern ed
ording to a German folk tale, bore seed on St. John’s Eve
aad that painstaking herbalist “Hieronymus Boek (14 os 1554)

t
graines a that grewe on ac top of the Branches, which yet are not

et erie " Writing
of a certain Assia “This ae of Spleenwort is not only
arren of stalks a eed t also of those spots a
wherewith the others were spotted:"’. Telling of Dryopteris

erie fi
dust or spots, which many rashly have taken for seede:

116

fouree ee botanists do not speak of these spore cases nor

ontain, by the term seed; but that is an arbitrary

pore and we may be sure Gerard would have called them seed

if he had known that they were the means by which new plants

were produced. Though he did not know their economy, see
w minutely

hes spots of the anal Fer re which are double upon cee leafe,
[b 1 t ddl sinew.’ i. ain he shows a sense
of the poi oy value of the arrangement of the spore-cases

so pas
underneath, set with met fine spots, which evidently rer
it to be a kinde of Fer
It was not till the ne development of plant science that the
real function of these spots and marks became clear. The visible
portion is ordinarily merely a covering for, or a aan of, numer-
ous spore-bearing cases which in turn contain
Falling upon suitable soil under moist oe pers spor
may form a tiny green eae upon which the essential
processes take place, and from which the roots descend and
the leaves arise of the fern sat that we know. Many species
of ferns uae themselves — also, By nunnets, are:
omes, or by rooting from leaf-ti fi
a fern garden ae conditions as nearly as possible meres
ee in ney the ferns grow in nature may confidently expect
rom all of these methods of reproduct-

n.
Ferns are pure ornaments. None of them have any economic

s der
alludes to this use. Medicinally also they are of Hee merit.
Even the herbalist, who considered every plant upon the assum
tion that it musi have some virtue if only it a be tie

117

had little to say about any fern except the spleenwort. Even
then Gerard put the responsibility upon an older authority,
quoting: ‘‘‘ Dioscorides teacheth that the leaves boiled in wine
and drunke by the space of fortie daies, doth take away in-
oe of the pple

1 use of plants has d much in recent
Paar that we are apt to forget the rather caida attitude
of these old worthies the herbalists who after all took such a
lively interest in plants more for their ‘‘virtues”’ ne for ther
charms. We can thus readily understand why, in the ‘Grete
Herbal” printed in 1526, the lovely maidenhair fern is passed
by with the highly es information that ‘Capillus
veneris is an herhe so name

he popular names of some ferns are not without a quain
ee Brake or bracken is the common name for Pleridium

>
i=”
wm
pb
3
ap
=
6
Es
2
¢
=
, &
eos
3
wo
2:
cal
fas]
-
ia)
3
a
=
ie)
=
a

tried to prove that they are more frequently found growing
beneath the trees to we they are dedicate d; but the most
likely explanation is that the a belief expressed
by the herbalists that such of these ferns as were found growing

stition. e

herbalists to the present day. ‘Male fern” and ‘‘female fern”
are names which refer to a medieval idea of gender, more Conti-
nental than English, and not to any notions of sex as we
derstand it. ni ormerly these adjectives modified numerous
other plant

The shi ae font ies of present-day botanists) takes

its name from the shape of the covering of the spure-cases. The
royal- La) adie Hie has a history woven wih my thology
of th efer itt

118

Osmiunder, but are unable to show more than an apparent con-
nection. Gerard says far me mane refers to something in
hard cl the heart of a mythological

{ und, the waterman. ” The grape fern takes both

its Foglcl and its Latin name (Bolrychiunm) from the appearance
n Tr : e eve

ppin th s has
quite an industry. The sensitive fern one peat is
very well named, for it is the first fern to show the effect of an

In the fern garden with its numerous rocky crevices and
pockets, its icra: _ miniature — and its neers

each of the se rarest species 3 of ee fin es a Snecnia al ion

sentation and Dr. Southwick has
and effort to bring the ice S present s The

American species and three exotic introductions. The list below
shows them ee according to the environment in- which
they ure growin
on

nchistea virginica ee chain- fern)
ie olen terraces

pteris peanuts ‘(New York fern)
Thaysinks (marsh shield fern, fragrant meadow im)
}

deletata a shield ern

SESSSSSS
ol 3
5
=

rm)
Athyrium thelypteroides (silvery spleenwort)
A. Filix-foemina (lady-fern)

119

Osmunda regalis (royal fern)

Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)

Secondary tocky terraces:
ies ac rostichoid es (( 2 fern)
fer

P. Braunit (Braun's holly
Dives marginals es wood fern)
fern)

D. Filix-mas (male
i é (common polypo

es stone
Asplenium Trichomanes (maiden-hair See

A. es (Scott's spleenwort)
a Ruta-muraria (wall-rue spleenwort)

veel (ebony el
spleenwort)
a
Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliff- Ee)
Rocks:
ube ek ise woodsia, flower-cup fern)
Rocks alon
Dryepirs Phesobans (beech-fern)
a form:
Dee chrysoloba (golden-lobed shield fern from Brazil)
Asplenium Goeringianum pictum aes spleenwo
A. viridescens (Japanese spleenwo
aie A. CRAWFORD.

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING JULY
Dr. W.A. Murrill.

July 1 Nature Talks—V. “Mushrooms.’
July 7. “Plant Traps.’ Dr. J. Barnhart.
July 8. ‘Some Great Men and Their Love of Trees.”

Mr. Carl Beaneace,

r20
July 14.“ ee of Beauty Seen pores a pa
Dr. M. A. How

July 15. “A dei Pilgrimage in paar -

r. Montague as

July 21. ‘Collecting Fungi in Porto eae Dr. F. J. Sea
July 22. Nature Talks—VI. ‘ Punk-fungi.” Dr. W. A. Murrill
July 28. ‘Fifty Trees in the Botanical Garden.”
Mr. ton.
July 29. ‘‘Evergreens: What to Plant a Where to Plant
Them.” Mr. Arthur Herrington.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

n pursuance of the Stokes’ work for the Preservation of our

school oe at New Rose under the auspices of the Con-

Summit for the Nature League and Garden Club, with a visit
to New Canaan, Connecticut, where she lectured in the morning
to the children of the Public Schools and to the Garden Club in
the afternoon.

Dr. Mel. T. Cook has accepted an appointment as eta on
ea f Sugar-cane at ig ga Reais nt Sta
Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. . Cook was Plant ae ats a

an ofa
desire to educate his children in the States, has always declined.
He expects to sail some time toward the end of June.

Dr. John K. Small returned from Florida May 16 after several
weeks devoted to field study and — in the peninsula
and in the Florida Keys. Special oan s devoted to the

alms and to the cacti, as well as to the ieee of living
plants and herbarium arena which several new types
were discovered.

I2I

About thirty-five members of the Garden Club of Stamford,

oO
=
°
S
oo

plant:
garden, iris earder and hemlock grove. The visit closed a
four o’clock with a lecture on the growing of dahlias and a
demonstration of the most approved methods of planting them.

The Garden is esas ye a series of lectures on gardening
from Station W.E.A.F. in the American Telephone & Telegraph
Building. These ee are given every Neca ee at
eleven o'clock by Mr. K. R. Boynton, Dr. Howe and other

A testimonial dinner was tendered to Dr. H. H. Rusbv at the
Hotel Pennsylvania on April 16 at which fe was ea with
the fourth Remington Honor medal

Dr. h few days in Washington d the latter
part . May inspecting the library of the Bureau of Plant
Indus:

ee for April. The total precipitation for the month

4° on the 26th. The minimum tem eratures were 11.:
the 1st, 32° on the 2nd and on the 3rd, 28° on the 1oth, 31° on
the 18th and 37° on the 26th. Ice disappeared from the middle
lake on the 3rd

ACCESSIONS
Museum anp HERBARIUM

16 specimens of grasses from Alaska. (By exchange with the United States
Department of Agriculture.)

2 specimens of Galinsoga parvifloru fron Florida, (By exchange with Mr.
Severin Rapp.)

3 specimens of flowering plants from Massachusetts. (Given by Dr. H. M.
Denslow.

913 specimens of Howering plants from British Guiana. (Collected by Mr.
J. S. De la Cruz.)

f i i f Ecuador. (From the herba-
rium of Edouard And
1 photograph of Heuchers “Rupeti from Alabama. (Given by Dr. R. M.
Harper.)

122

9 specimens of New England hepaticae. (Given by Miss Annie Lorenz.)
§ specimens of Liegora from Madagascar. (By exchange with the eel
m.)

eum, Ber lin

4 fi Newf {land and Baffin's Land. (Given

ty ies ae itz Johansi en. )
2 spec of fresh-w: alga (Given by Professor Titus Ulke.)

14 specimens of iresh- wate aie and ote aquatic plants from Mound,
Louisiana y
of Agricul .

5 specimens of marine algae from ee Mexico. (By exchange with the

Unit ted States National Herbar m.)

| la. (Collected by Mr.

aul C. Stan ndley :)
100 specimens" Kryptogamae ‘exsiccatae” Century ANI: For the Columbia

Vienna.)
45 specimens of ferns ey flowering plants from New York. (By exchange
with the State Museum, Albany, New York.)
I specimen of Trillium aa than Arkansas, (Given by Professor J. T.
uchholz.
5 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Professor F. 5.
arle.
I oe ot Ce mexicana. eee by Mr. T. S. Brandegee.)
I imen itima f. g Island, New Yo rk. (Given by Dr.

Arthur dain )

4 specimens ot a y hang f Yale University.)

fi Alaska. (By exchange with the United States

National Herbarium.)

2 specimens of f Cephaleuros a F lorida. (Given by _ G. F. weber )

“uba. )

5 specimens of marine algae from Atlantic City. (By exchange with the
United States National Herbarium.)

2 ae of Nostoc flagelliforme from Colorado and Sphuerella lacustris

m British Columbia. (Given by Professor Ellsworth Bethel.

850 cages s of flowering plants from Oregon. (Collected by Mr. Morton

E.

E. Peck.)
120 specimens of flowering plants from Mexico. (Collected by Mr. C. A.
Purpus.
28 specimens of ferns and flowering plants from the Crimea. (By exchange
vical Garden, Nikita

with the Bota
1920 specimens of flowering plants from Mexico and Central America. (By
exchange with the United States National Museum.)
I specimen of petrified wood from Santa Rosa, California. (Given by Mr.
: urns.
2 epeciinet: of Sonchus from Minnesota. (By exchange with Professor J. M.
olzinger.
3 specimens of Sphagnum from Long Island, New York. (Collected by Dr.
Arthur Hollick.)

123

1 specimen of Dendrocalamus sikkimensis. (Given by the Royal Botanic
Gar

ns, Kew, En: ag
222 specimens of flower plants from the W. W. Eggleston collections of
1919. (By pee with the United States National Herbarium.)
3 specimens, Magnolia virginiana and maecyparis thyoides from Long

Island, New York. (Collected by Dr. Arthur Hollick.)
LIBRARY FROM FEB. I—APRIL 23
Americun journal of science. Vols. I-10, 12-204. 1818-22. (Given, in
art, by Mr. = a Mackenzie.)
ANNESLEY, Hucu. autiful and rare trees & plants. London, 1903.
VERILL, MARY. ss wee art of Japan. New York, 1915.
Bascock, Ernest Brown, & CoLiins, Jutius Ltoyp. Genetics laboratory

ani , 1918.
BAILEY, Liberty Hype. Cyclopedia of farm crops. New York, 1922.
ALD, CLAuD. Indian tea: tts culture and manufacture. Ed. 4. Calcutta,
1922.

BEAL, WILLIAM JAMES. Grasses of North America. 2 vols. Lansing and
New York, 1887, 1896.

Boye, FREDERICK. " About orchids. London,

Boye, JEssE GrorceE. Vegetable eb Philbin IQI7.

Btscen, Moritz. Bau und Leben unserer Waldbéume. Ed. 2. Jena, 1917.

Bussato, Marco. Giardino d pieced Venetia,

CALIFORNIA STATE VINICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. cae and grape vines of
California. San Francisco, 1877.

Cook, MELVILLE TuursTon. Applied and economic botany. Ed. 2. Phila-
delphia, 1923. (Given by the author.

Darwin, Francis. Elements le botany. Cambridge, 1895.

Douc.as, Davip. Jour ept North America
-1827. London, 1914.
DRAKE DEL CASTILLO, aman Illustrationes florae insularum maris

7)
ci. Parisiis, 188
Drapiez, PIERRE AUGUSTE joe: Herbier de Uamateur de fleurs. 8 vols.
a =

xelles, 1828-35.
ENGLER, Heinrica Gustav Abotr, & GiLc, Ernst. Syllabus der Pflan-
zenfamilien. Ed. 8. Berlin, 191

FARRER, REGINALD. The English rock- -garden. 2 vols. London, 1919.
Freitu, JAN. Modern Holland. Rotterdam, [1922]. (Given by Nijgh &

Van Pas Publishing Co.)
FERREE, Bar merican estates and gardens. New York, 1906.
FLEMWELL. “C. ne flowers and gardens. London, 1910.
atlas ane Hoon Guide to the University botanic garden, Cam-

idge. Cambridge, 1922.
GoLpRING, WILLIAM. The ae of the lily. London, 1905. (Given by Mrs.
Mortimer J. = x.)
GrisEBAcH, AuGusT HEINRICH Se Dic Vegetation der Erde nach threr
klimatischen audeoee Ed. 2 vols, Leipzig, 1884.

124

HABERLANDT, GOTTLIEB JOHANNES FriepRicH. Line botantsche Tropenreise.

Ed. 2. Leipzig, 1
HAaBERLANDT, GOTTLIEB JouANNES Friepricu. Physiologische Pflanzena-
natomie. . 5. Leipzig, 1918.
ART, In Bret, & TorrincHAM, WILLIAM Epwarb. General agri-

T,
ultural chemistry. Madison, 1913.

Heprick, Utysses Prentiss, & OTHERS. The pears of New York. Albany,
1921 y exchange with the New York Agricultural Experiment

Station.
Henry, AUGUSTINE. Forests, woods and trees. London,
Hoop, GEorRGE WILLIAM. Farm horticulture. Ed. 2. Phi ios 1921.
Jennincs, Orto Emery. Manual of the mosses of western Pennsylvania,

KERNER VON MarRILAUN, ANTON JOSEPH. Flowers ae 7 unbidden guests,
Translated and edited by W. Ogle. London, 1

2 a Z. and
incidental notices of St. Croix and St. Johns. neo York, ‘1852. (Re-
print, 1922.) (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.
Krigcer, Lours CHARLES aoa Field key to the genera of the gill
ems. Baltimore, 1920.
Nouveau ne des oeillets. Paris, 1676,
McFrs, Inez eps sae FIELD). The tree book, New York, 1919.
ndon, 1920.

MELLors, THOMAS mmon diatoms. Lo

Mort, Tamezo. A tion of plants hithert kn fr Corea. Seoul,
1922. (Given Dr. SN: i Britton.) :

Mukerji, Nitya Gop. iculi Ed. 4. Calcutta,
192

Onstow, MurigEL (WHELDALE). Practical plant biochemistry. Ed. 2.
Cambridge, 1923.
Osporn, Henry FairFIELD. The origin and evolution of life. New York,
1921.
are BERNHARD VON. En historisk beretning om de dansk-vestindiske
v St. Croix, St. Thomas og St. Jan. Kjobenhavn, 1855. (Given by

z hild.)
PEYRITSCH, JOHANN JOSEPH. Aroideae maximilianae. Wien,
Popular science monthly. Vols. 5-9, 11, 13-21. New Yor ie He -82.
Portier, Jacques. Recherches sur le developpement de la feuille des mousses.
Chartres, 1920.
PyLe, ROBERT. cA to grow roses. Ed. 14. West Grove, 1923. (Given

autho

Quevut, NELs. Cell intelligence. aga 1917.

Rea, CARLETON. British Basidiomycetae. Cambridge,

RYDBERG, PER ee ee a of t es Rocky Mountains pee ‘adjacent plains.
. 2. New 5 2.

ANDERS, MEssrs. Orcbed hybrids. (Ed. 3}. St. Albans, 1921.

ScHNEIDER, CAMILLO Kar. Illustraertes Handwérterbuch der Botantk.
. 2. Leipzig, 1917.

SLATER, MarTHEW B. Mosses and hepatics of North Yorkshire. London,

1906,

Eugene P. Bicknell
C.K. G. Billin

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe
Fritz Achelis

“i W. Auchincloss
rge F. B ina

Bc Bak

Henry ty pet Baldwin

Edmund L. Baylies

Prof. Charles P. Berkey

Henry W. de Forest
Robert W. de Forest
Childs Frick

Prof. W. J. Gie:

Daniel Guggenheim
genheim

mery Hare

Prof. R. A. Har,

Teak P. Hennessey
Anton G. Hodenpyl
Bernhard Hoffmann
Archer M. Huntington
Adrian Iselin

Dr. Walter B. James
rage! ee

Otto

Prof. Tass F Kemp

Adolph Lewisohn

V. Everit ‘Macy
Edgai

F pein R. Newbold

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborr.
Chas. Lathrop Pack
Henry Phipps

F. R. Pierson

James R. Pitcher

Tra A. Place

Hon. Anning S, Prall
Charles F ni
Johnston ‘a Redmond
Ogden Mills Reid
Prof. H. M. Richards
John D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt

Prof. H. H. Rusby
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre

Valentine P. Snyder
mes Speyer
Frederick Strauss

Charles be Bila
W. Boy mpson
Dr. W. en Thompson
Louis C. Tiffany

Felix M. Resa

Paul M. Warbur;

Allen Wardell

H. H. Westinghouse
nson Winthro;

Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Advisory Council

Mrs. George A. i

Mrs. Robert B:

Miss cine Bile

Mrs. N. L.

Mrs, ie ae

Mrs. Charles D. Dickey

Miss E)
rs

Mrs. Walter cued
Mrs. Bradish Johnso

: aaware! Kane
Mr: v E. Kissel

e Mali

rs. Wm. Kelly Prentice Mrs.
Mrs. William A. Read

Mrs. James Roosevelt
Mrs. B. Sloan
Mrs.
Mrs

. W.
Mrs.
F, de R. Wissman

Honorary Members ri a Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas ser

Mrs. John I. Kane

Miss nae fy P. -aelld

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

os Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall ian Mile i contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.

2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden a gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden
3. Fellows for Life

The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more Fa and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.

5. ARTE Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 Pay and become
fellows Fas life when their payments ee $1000.00.

6. Annual Mee:
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10
All members are entitled to the fallowine: pie
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the See the Board of Managers.
2 peers to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Man

3. A copy He “At handbooks published by oc Garden.

6. Privileges of the Board Room.

7. Life Members
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00.
Information
embers are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building
at 3 o'clock.

Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum Of..........00.0006

SS SO, ne

Vol. XXIV July, 1923 No. 283

JOURNAL

OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
- Assistant Director

CONTENTS

Oyo arl Sn UCe1) OP Eers Cees 6 eA OA es one ar aren rea 125
aa inom TTETON (a TTC RS RRC (a a ree ge RE rt Sa Bore ASS

yy A a Re RUE eee ae Hee ae PROM eager 140
The Rose ch ae 2 LR Sa ee SRA ee Se Ae Aaa ae aU MR ar 141
Public Lectures during co DEE ty, ata See anaes ary errniia CY
Notes, a URN SENINERE TO chee a eae ciara male 142
SUR RMTTS TTI TE Uo es ly sla civ cviciaier's ub cee st siesle'scass sa balenie sina 144

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

as FOR THE GARDEN
As

LANCASTER, P.

AT8

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1923

PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S.
VicE-PRESIDENTS 18 ped Ww a eFOREST
TrEASURER—JOHN L. MERRIL

ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. LL. LEWIS ee MORRIS
HENRY W. IDerOREST FREDERIC R. NE i
W. J. MATHESO: W. GILMAN THOME:

Term expires January, 1925

HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN Be LEWI SOu ae

PAUL D. CRAVATH BA NGTON

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE. THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

poy iv AD. JOHN L. MERRILL

ROBER DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL CUGCENKEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE ae OF THE City oF NEw York
N. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE Be hes OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PusLic PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER ea FREDERIC S. LEE
PROF. Eee J. GIES HON. GEORGE J. R NAN
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP BROE. HERBERT M. RICHARDS

PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, echagrpiaie a?) (Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEA! SON, Assistant Director (Administration)
DR. JOHN ii SMALL, Head Goat of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
DR. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor of Public Instruction

R. FRED J. S. EAVER, Curator (Flowe erle: hikes

ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Adenia sss
PERCY WILSON, Associate Cur

JAMES ie pani

ie)
are
See

a

Q.

‘KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gardener
RAH H. H ibrart
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections

euiae ae & BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
HUR HOLL ICK, Paleobotanist

ARTHUR r ‘CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings en Growl

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV July, 1923 No. 283

SPRINGTIME IN FLORIDA

pringtime is supposed to come sometime in April or May in
New York City but in Florida it arrives from two to four months
earlier, depending upon whether the observer is in the northern
or southern part of the state.
New York on the afternoon of March 3 for Jacksonville,
intending to spend several weeks in various parts of Florida

scattered pine groves - Nort bes ageres and: aby. the time I was
aed for breakfast, h Carolina, ees
w long-leaf pine, holly, honeysuckle, and live-oak, while

d um tre
feel Da of matciesus in flower. It was a land of cotton
andt sf Tet lLet.

Seat tree seen in the yards, both in the Carolinas and in
Georgia, was the umbrella-tree; which grows quick! > ag a

injures trees by keeping out the light and air, but is useful for
the manufacture of mattresses, cushions, etc.

125

126

t noon, ten miles north of Lanes, I saw the first dwarf

w I had duri
as at the Santee River, a region well known to every American
v

-oak
wit! ch ae rida mone and mistletoe ey abundance: The water
| da background

J
to the pi ictur re. The gray moss waved i in giant ee from the
bare cypresses; the eae vied with the oak leaves in green-
ness; and the a s of the maple were a most vivid scarlet, like
the reddest coral.
The first ae nies palm was noticed about half an
rle

ho
approaching the fine old houses of former days and now covered
with gray moss, which adds many years to their appearance.
The trees seem to grow a little straighter, with less spreading
effect, than the live-oaks in California.
me hears much of the eae groves of North Carolina.

The first one I saw from the train was at six o’clock Sunday
afternoon just below Walthourile, alae — we reached
the Altamaha River. The pin ere cut in a peculiar

way, as may be seen in the museum val ony ee and the resin
ran down into little buckets fastened below.
da

Jacksonville was reached at bedtime and | remained there
nee the next morning: ba ' Doarded me oe ao ie wert
Seated ina

es ahOrtly after ten until dar k, when I arrived at Brooksville.

Wi
to Leesburg, and westward to Croom, where the Brooksville

Jacksonville to Burnetts Lake, the country is wild and
bar y few liouses. Most of it is pine land with
ee of anes palmetto, a few cypress swamps, and a few

127

pecan orchards. Nearly all the pines I saw were ‘‘boxed,” o
cut in a special way for turpentine, which was there ei
” : c

barrels, while a pots were taken back to the trees again and
again unt see

This land is ee over every spring for grazing and all the
eee trees are a to be destroyed, voles dug about to keep off
the fire. Th nd flea. Le
fires were raging in some places. whe in others the new

a b: rth of Oca.
deri the growers, who turned to Hee farming and other
pursuits.
rom Burnetts Lake southward to Gainesville, = country is
high, ee cede ith lakes and farms, and very attractive.
N €

m
mockingbirds. Old mene with Spanish moss shaded an
beautified the streets. Many of the buildings Meee old, but in
good repair, and ines was a general app rift.
South of G f ie ha: oe or patches
of hardwood trees, and plenty of wa This section ought to
be very interesting to a botanist and 2 doubéless visited a great
deal by the students at the (Gea, Before reaching Rochelle,

pine land, and mixed woods in plenty. Along the west shore of
Orange Lake are some good orange groves, but it is still rather

128

far north for absolute safety, and I noticed that many farmers
were growing cabbage and lettuce, which they were busy boxing

for shipment. The young trees in a few new orange groves
were half killed by the recent cold spell, when the thermometer
stood at 34 degrees F. at Jacksonville. From Lowell to Martin,

Ocala is a
garages, and the humble homes re a people Much line

with red ae pas and the grower need not be afraid of
frost. At the comfortable town Of pe sburg, I bought three
juicy oranges ae a little boy at the station for a nickel, and
I could have had them for the asking if I had gone out to the
orchards.

The rest of the journey, from Leesburg to Croom and Brooks-
ville, was rather barren and uninteresting compared with what
I had just been through. Ther e ridges covered with pines,
ridges with oaks, lakes and swamps, and one or two scattered

were about the only wild things I saw in motion.
rning of March 6, I hired a motor-car and drove to

the Brooksville homme ts, where I spent the better part
of the day alone in this vast, oe wilderness of trees and
ees owth. The fungi were m ut I was sur-

eee by interesting piste of all kinds and ihe spring season
cree beginning. The hornbeam, hop hornbeam, sweet gum,
and dogwood were all in flower and looked familiar. The live-
oak and a white oak with leaves like our chestnut-oak were also

viburnum, cabbage palmetto, and dwarf palmetto grew as shrubs
or small trees, over which clambered various vines, such as the

129

cat- ee Virginia creeper, jessamine, and poison ivy. Many of
es bore Spanish

eee bale Ha with four-parted corolla, reminding m
of bluets, gre abundance on sunny banks at the edge of ce
Eee

The prettiest flower J saw was an Atamasco lily about six or
eight inches high, with erect, white flowers and rose-tinted buds.

tropical bracket-fungus (Eifving ee marmorata) growing on
the trunk of a living, but badly decayed, live-oak tree on the
streets of Brooksville: This species is similar to one in the
North which attacks the beech and birch, causing a serious
pees

adm
a lawns planted with various tr Spica nig shrubs, ae
flowers. Palms and live-oaks were abundant of th
latter bearing large round galls. The ‘‘orchid so (Bauhinia)

: 130

was covered with splendid rose-colored flowers shaped like those
of an orchid or sweet pea. Mockingbirds were singing and

Shortly after breakfast, Mr. and Mrs. George Inness came to
the Inn and took me to i eal home on Orange Street,
where I remained as their g

Fishing for sponges is one of ie cgeraunes of Tarpon Springs.
It is managed ses by Greeks, who a large mother
schooner and about a hundred little ising bane, from which
ive

with M eebe for some time in South America and
has recently meee a book on ‘‘The Importance of Bird
Life.

After seeing the sponges, he and I went on a long motor ride
p the river toa camp built by Mr. Inness. We passed beautiful

orange orchards, a nto a palmetto grove, where I found
a large fungus (Ganoderma sulcatum) that I qengeny several
years ago bu en growin only on the

g. It
cabbage palmetto, so far as I know, and ceubilese causes the
trunk to decay.
ext morning Mr. Hartley and I drove up the river toa

named many years nee fro om Florida specimens found on live-
re

their hunt for grass-roots, upon which they feed. They are

131

very rarely seen because of their subterranean and nocturnal
habits.

Luncheon 1 early, after ee the family escorted me
in their car southward along the new Memorial meviuls to

Flagler Eetedsion, which, in itself, is worth traveling many miles
‘ : :

and great blue herons were abundant. Native species of Agav
were seen in flower near the center of one of the keys, the tall,
branched flower-stalks reaching fifteen or ene et in the air

snade Yy numerous cocoanu
S mM

erm body wa:
Lumbering, trucking, and fruit-growing seemed to be the main
pee with box factories and canning per nee as
strong rivals.

132

Instead of going on to Miami, I got off at Coconut Grove,
five miles awav, and visited Dr. David Fairchild, chief of the

r to h foreign p
F aera economic value to us for food, medicine, clothin
ornament, etc.
The problems of soil, water, and climate are peculiar ae dif-
ficult. oe ock does not appear to the casual observer to be
a ee desirable substratum for aie and many ae

flime. It
ars i oO ac eee anything of great ee a ut a begin-
and an ne ee of water already available, which were

used by the aviator.
After ee over Chapman Field with Dr. Fairchild, we

drove on to Cutler to see Mr arles Deering, who is doing so
to erve the original Florida vegetation in the vicinity
f i seemed particularly disturbed at the time abou

re common all over the state during my visit. The

am.
FE lorida are tall and picturesque, like th e fam s pines of Italy.

alm hammock, one of the largest ana finest hammocks
in the state, is now a park controlled by the Federation of

may be protected from fires through digging a canal entirely
around it. I spent a day there collecting fungi, with the per-
mission of Mr. Wheelock, who isin charge. The trails are very
attractive, aes. and a few of the important trees are labeled.
r. Deering not only arranged for me ro visit Royal Palm
hammock, a sent Mr. John DeWinkici with me to good col-

133

lecting grounds at Cutler, nan Creek, and elsewhere; while
Dr. Fairchild and Mr. Wyatt also helped me with their cars.
The result was that I got a all the fungi that were then in
season in southern Florida, and a very good idea of the country
nd the general vegetation as well.
The highways are lea and often shaded with pines,

mer, when the humidity and the insects make life there quite
ue able.

My journey northward, after a busy and profitable week at
apes Droyes was peed) ey ue in from Miami. From
, Lenjoyed the view from
the car window, noting with interest the gradual change from
the unique vegetation of the Everglade region to that of northern

p h
dominant elements. North of Hollywood, we passed great
fields of pineapples, which seemed to be almost the ae crop
anos in be! region. South of Palm Beach, we skirted the
western s. of Lake Worth, with its beautiful Tens and
prosperous ane where the Dixie Highway was shaded with
Australian pines and honeysuckle vines. If possible, one should
select the site of his future home in Florida on or near a lake,
where the soil is rich and moist.

Arriving at Fort Pierce at ten o'clock at night, I went out to
find a hotel and to inquire about getting over to Okeechobee
City the next morning to collect in the magnificent virgin forests
of bald cypress at the a of ene Okeechobee; ae hee arned
that the roads were tor and no vehicles were run See
a the train I had teft still ee at the station, Tl eae

th bag and baggage to my Pullman and eas a vacant eee
atic I at once occupied, leaving a call for myn

Arriving there at daybreak, I looke aon the town a little

da
before. He had been there several days and had visited the
woodlands in the vicinity with my friend, Prof. H. C. Beardslee,

134

a winter resident of New Smyrna and a well-known authority

(Mitchella), was in full flower in th

myrna for orna-
: saw its leaves used on tables and in churches for
decoration. Thi the plant in whi ber discovered

is
ies sperm cells, following the investigations of Ikeno

De is not far from New Smyrna and the vegetation is
very similar. Between the beautiful old town of St. Aug

ustine
and Jacksonville, I saw blue flags in bloom in the swamps
Cherokee ro: azal in the St. Johns River

below Jacksonville, still has a little of the water hyacinth which
obstructed navigation in years gone by because of its prolific
growth.

At Charleston, South Carolina, I stopped to see the famous
S

e
an immense old live-oak in Magnolia Cemetery, which w:
covered with Florida moss and the resurrection ne ‘Polypodium
genie
A for I t the celebrated Magnolia Garden,
on the ae ot the Fee River, seventeen miles from Charles-
Drayton long ago brought together a wonder-

saan of ee southern paradise pppeined in a Charlestown
newspap

Far uy up ate Ashley, where the waters from the Atlantic only
ebb and flow languorously, where either bank is lined for miles

135
with the greenest marsh grass, overhung by great moss-draped

oaks, there is a garden spot so lovely it seems to have been
dropped from a fairy tale. It is like the storied gardens, with
id

banksias. There are dozens of walks and acres upon acres of
flowers. The eyes are filled with ae and grace, the senses
caressed by the intoxicating perfume from millions of fragrant
flower cups. It is a sight worth traveling many miles to see.’

W. A. Morriv

CYCADS, LIVING AND EXTINCT

The cycads, one of the two an of plants commonly known

alms,! constitute the family Cycadaceae, and they are
represented in our living flora i nine recognized ge and
etween eight ane capes de Sees ies and varieties.
These ia and tt are, respectively,
as follow:
1 The designation ‘‘sago palm” is commonly used) in Coca with two
groups of plants that are, > entanicall ; One

q
group is represented by the cycads, the other J
e cycads are gymnosperms, cs ie nearest relatives are the BO called

evergreens—pines, cedars, spruc
angiosperms, in which _ ss are rane the grasses, sedges, etc. The
designation “sago palm,” therefore, is merely a commercial term which is

applied indiscriminately to any plant, in either ait. from which a starchy
product is derived that is } under tt 1 f “sago.”

136

Cycas 16 species, glia islands of the Indian and the
c Ocean, East India, Japan.

Macrozamia 14 “ pes ia

Bowenia i = Australia

Encephalartos 12 ‘' ~— Africa

Stangeria i, = Africa

Zamia 30 ‘ South and Central America, West
Indies, Florida.

Microcycas | et Cuba.

Ceraiozamia 6 “ Mexico.

Dion 20 Mexico.

In connection with the foregoing tabulation it may be noted
that the cycads are restricted in their geographical efi ati
to tropical and subtropical regions,? and that in the Old World
the genus = includes the largest ates of species and has
the most extended distribution, while the New World the

most eee ae ibut ed. ach of eg other genera is more
ned

and the Mexican Benue one includes gue two species. Fro:
a consideration of th d biologic tclee
it is evident that the fu Lone a last mentioned represent types
. Rass that a the verge of extinction. The three
, Macrozamia, ere and Ceratozamia, confined
eens to Australia, Africa, and Mexico, may be regarded
as representing a biologic group that occupies a position inter-

iate between the monotypic and the more prolific genera

Id World tt

In the Old t

Cycas revoluta,. which grows in ence Tapas ees 34 N. latitude. In
the oe n Florida represent
those of high I oN. renee a other
aoe cyca ads grow in Japan about 250 miles farihee north t in North

merica, or at about the same latitude as Los Angeles, ae nia, on the
Pacific coast, and Columbia, South Carolina, on the Atlantic side of the
continent.

137

In Conservatory Range No. 2 of The New York Botanical
aie a section is devoted exclusively to the cycads,? in which
y be seen species representing all of the nine existing genera,
with the exception of Bowenia. The salient features of the

ce we

y

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES
A. Stangeria. Pinnate type of nervation.
B. Zamia (also Dian, etc.). Subparallel type of nervation.
C. cas. Nervation consisting of a single median nerve or midrib.
b Efthe of +t Idi Paar

(AN &

plants are the thick, often cone-shaped trunks and the more or

ost str.
which there is a ce specimen at the western end of the s
tion. This species has leaves that are especially fern-like in
appearance, by reason of the fact that, unlike all other species
4 For a general description of the plants in this section referenc y be
de to an article by George V. ewe entitled “The Cycad Collection,”

or ber, 1909.
‘For an extended de: eee and illustration of this specimen, and the
species in general, reference m: to an article by George M Nash,
entitled “A Rare Cycad,” in he a of the Garden for July, 19

138

of cycads, the nervation is pinnate, that is, consisting of a
median nerve or midrib, with minor nerves or veins extending
from the aideb to the monk in a manner similar to that of
most of the ferns with which we are familiar (Fig. A); and it
is of inter note that, based on the leaf characters alone,

extend from base to are es B), or (in Cycas) only a single
median nerve or midrib (Fig. C.).
ycads, regarded as a ne or natural family of plants,
evidently represent a waning type of vegetation in the existing
flora of the Earth. This is indicated not only by their relative
specie

of specific and ae forms, and were practically world-wide
in their Rea
About thirty- re genera, including about 280 species, based
n.

s, or the flowers
constantly brought to light. They had their ae as a distinct
Oo

the latter were a attached to stems or trunks of cyca-
deoid structure.

139

arly Mesozoic times, during the Triassic period, the cycad-

ously with the first appearance of the higher angiosperm type
i d by our

were, ae the dominant type of recent es this

restricted in their distribution. Climatic and physiographic
changes r scaled in their limitation or extinction in Arctic and
ene regions, and ae ee in the Tertiary period,
they h ad b

ical regions where n em. There are n
ative in Europe, and our only native representatives in the
United States are four species of Za: t occur in Florida

was a species of Encephalartos—a genus that is now found only
: Africa, far to the south—and that apparently the last ones

t survived in North America were species of Diodn, almost
ndtingcabe from the two remaining living species of the
genus, now found only in Mexico.

140

Specimens of Carboniferous oS. ferns, both leaves and
seeds, are di thie in Cases Nos. 2 and 3 of the fossil plant
collections and a number of specimens a Triassic and Jurassic
cycads in Case No. a also, other specimens, in the study col-
ace are Se ailsble for compariso:

ARTHUR HOLLicx.

THE IRIS GARDEN

Immediately asd its organization in January, 1920, the
American Iris Society began fhe oe lopment of a test and
exhibition garden of iris and of The New York
Botanical Garden to provide the necessary space and main-

beautiful display during the flowering season and constituting
probably the naan a in eas = is represented,
ever brought together in one place in Amer:

The site ae for ae iris ee is a me ae eastern end of
the ogee Grounds, on the hillside just above the mallow
collect This site is not only much frequented by pedestrians,

=
°

‘able.
before, the collection was swieieed me during the blesmine
season by numerous Plas of the
The value of such a complete See is manifold. It
provides for the pennies a living dictionary of iris varieties,

141

where he may study and compare them and observe for himself
the quantity and quality of their flowers, their vegetative vigor,
: a ites age A ork

to observe many rare or obscure Nitsa seldom offered in the
trade, and numerous new seedlings, unnamed varieties, and
recent importations. It has also serv ee to reveal the € presence

and cont ugh individu a generosity of its

afforded by it in bringing the collection to its present develop-
ment.

H. A. GLEASON.

THE ROSE COLLECTION

The collection of roses at The New York Botanical Garden
was in unusually good condition during the month of June. It
was inspected by members and friends of the Garden Na 20,
er the guidance of Mr. K. R. Boynton, Head Garde
"The excellent the garden this year is es ae
to a favorable preceding winter, but in greater measure to the
addition of a large number of new plants, contributed by Messrs.

Bobbink and ee of Rutherford, _New Jersey. Besides
providing the nts, this com

to superintend = shipping, tine ery, and plantin . ther roses.
In recognition of its generosity and interest, the Board of Man-

agers of the New York Botanical Garden, at their ee of
June 21, adopted the following:

142
Resolved: that the Board of Managers cordially aa eae
a cooperation of Bobbink & Atkins, of Rutherford, New Jer:
devel

n the development of the ee aes of roses, by the eir need
Contessa of over 2500 plan

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING AUGUST

Aug. 4. “Gladioli.” Mr.
5. Nature Talks VII. “ ic ond Pines. ’
. W. A. Murrity
Aug. 11. A Walk through the Hemlock Grove,
Dr. SS 2 NI PREILE
Aug. 12. ‘Fall Work in the Flower, Rose, and St
Pror. H. FINDLAY

Aug. 18. ‘Trailing and Climbing Vines.’
. K. R. Boynton
Aug. 19. ‘Practical Hints on Garden Design.”
Miss E. L. Lee
Aug. 25. ‘Floral and Scenic Features of Jamaica.”
M. A. Howe
Aug. 26. ‘The Vegetation of Montauk.”
Mr. Norman Taylor

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

class in botany at the Cold Spring Harbor Biological
Laboratory visited the ane Garden on July 13, under
the guidance of Prof. Nor. Grier.
out seventy pupils from Mr. Max Schling’ s school of flori-
culture visited the Garden on the afternoon of June 29 and were
shown through the two conservatory ranges, the rock garden,
and the rose garden.

Dr. Ralph R. Stewart, aay of science in Gordon College,
Rawalpindi, India, who was a student at the Botanical Garden,
1914-16, is enjoying a es leave of absence from his work,
and was a visitor at the Garden on June 27

About 400 girls from the Julia Richmond High School spent
most of the day on June 1 at the Garden under guidance of

143

several teachers and a member of the Garden Staff. The
Garden was just at the height 7 its glory and appealed very
strongly to the visitors.

Dr. H.A. Gleason, eta eae left June 20 red eciae
Lake, Michigan, ological
Station of the University of Mi ichigan, continuing ee on
the application of statistical methods to the study of plant
association.

The Garden cooperated with the American Iris Society at their
annual exhibition of irises, held in New Rochelle June 1 an
The display of irises was large and representative and atuaered
numerous visitors, many of whom also inspected the collection
of iris at the Garden

a
NS

r. A. B. cote director of the pp returned to the
a. June 25, after nine months at Pomona College, Clare-
mont, California, where he was occupied ny a ay of fertility,
sterility, and pollination in the date palm, the avocado, and the
citrus fruits.

About 1,700 High School pupils in biology visited the Garden
for definite work during Regents Week. They were taken about
‘ou ‘0

ie

hall for an illustrated rae on ‘‘'Forestry.”” Morris Hig!

School pupils came on June 18 and 19 and Evander Childs pupils

on June 20. The ar was given by Mr. Inman for Morris
Mr. Hastings for Evander Childs. Members of the

Garden Staff and teachers from the two schools acted as guides

and instructors.

g the visitors who enrolled in the library during the

more, onnors, New Brunswick, N. J.; Pr
Samuel i Reo bee oS Prof. F. H. Blodgett,

Albert E. of. W.
Lane Calif.; Dr. L. O. Kunkel, Honolulu, T. H.; Rev

.

144

B. Hervey, Bermuda; Miss Margaret S. pee aia N.
S.; and Prof. Francis J. Lewis, Edmonton, Alber

oo i May. ae acy aaa for the month
2.03 The mperat

aximum temperatures recorded for

on the roth,
52° on the 11th and on the 14th, 61° on the 23rd and 51° on the
th

ACCESSIONS
LIBRARY FROM FEBRUARY I TO APRIL 23 (continied)

Smith, ELmer D. Chrysanthemum manual. Ed. 5. n. p. 1922. (Given

by the author.

SMITH, Exwin FRINK Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Vols.
Washington, 1911-14. (Given by the Carnegie Institution of Wash.
ington.)

SoravErR, Paut Cart Moritz. eteeee der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Ed. 4.
vols. Berlin, 1921-23.
STAGER, WALTER. Tal bearded Iris. Sterling,
‘FaYLor, JOHN ELLor. The sagacity and ane a ane New ed. Lon-
don, 1891.
VACHEROT, JuLes. Les parcs et jardins au commencement de XXe siécle.
08.

1908,
VALLEMONT, PIERRE LORRAIN. Curtositez de la nature et de l'art sur la vege-
‘ation: ou l’agriculture et le jardinage dans leur ce Paris, 1705.

Vanpas, Cari. Reliquiae cient Brunae, 1909.

WARMING, JOHANNES EUGENIUS BiLow, & GRAEBNER, PETER pe Lehr-
buch der dkologischen Planconengrapve Et 3. Berlin, ae

WHELDALE, MURIEL Jonts.

916.
ILLts, JOHN CHRISTOPHER. 4 dictionary of the flowering ert ae pee
E Cambridge, 1919.
WorspEit, WILSON CROSFIELD. The principles of plant-teratology. 2 vols.
n, 1915-
pb, RoBERT StinuiNG: — book of the National parks. New Yor :
ee ATH, ERNST, ge zur Kenntniss der Moosflora Ei es
2 parts. gee re gol.
Zopr, FRIEDR WIL. Zur anne der Spalipflanzen (Spalt-
pilze und Sadia: "bees

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe

Charles B. Alexander
Vincent Astor
John W. Auchincloss

J
ae de Forest Baldwin

Edmund L. Baylies
Prof. otitis F. Berkey
Eugene P. hie II

C. K. G. Billin
George Blisteathi

Prof. Edw. S. Burgess

“i hes aoa ie
f. W. H. Car,

o GaF; Seg

an ys a Clar!

ae i ae Cooper
Paul D. th

Childs Frick

Prof. W
nea Guggenheim
ry Guggenheim

A. Heckscher

Joseph P. Hennessey
Anton G. Sosa
Bernhard Hoffm:

Archer M. ise
Adrian Iselin

o H. Kahn
Prof. James F. Kemp
Darwin P. Kingsley
Dr. Albert R. Ledoux
rof. Frederic rss Lee
Adolph Lewiso
Kenneth K. satai

Frederic R. Newbold

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. ae Pack
ae Pat

Bi: R ee
Ira A. Place

Hon. Anning S. Prall
Charles F. Rand

Prof. H. M. Richards
ap D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt
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Vol. XXIV August, 1923 No. 284

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS
The Cabbage Tree—Sabal Palmetto.... 145
Notes on the Rose Garden... ..........:0 cc cee s cece tent ee en cence teens 158
Investigation of the Hemlock Forest. ................ 00 ee cc es ee eeeeees 163
Public Lectures during September ................. 0 ccc ee ee eee eens 165
Notes, News and Comment 166

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JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. XXTV August, 1923 No. 284

THE CABBAGE-TREE—SABAL PALMETTO

Not one of our native palms was playa d by Linnaeus.!

the es Aiea of the United States was botanically named.
eu reference to the cabbage-tree, perhaps unknown

D IN TIMES OF GREATEST DIFFICULTY, AND
paved DANGER, EVIDENCED IN THE REMA BLE DELIVER-
E OF ROBERT , wirH Divers PERSONS, FROM THE

pone WAVES OF THE SEA, AMONGST WHICH THEY SuF-

nnaeus was born 13/14 May 1707, at einer Sméland, Sweden.
n

the next few years visited various parts of Sweden, Denma k, G ny,
Holland and En gland. Int 735 he received the degree of doctor of medicine
in Holland is | t was while
there that. he ae details of his artificial “sexual system” of plant
lassification, whi made his reputation Id-wide, and was used
exclusively by ay ae ee for almost a hundred In 1738
e returned to Sweden, EC practising physician in Stockholm;
from 1741 he was a aie in the university at la, w! remained

is death, m bo:
a ni a and zoological he most ¢ famous i is — ‘Species Plantarum,’ ” 1753,

aan HENDLEY BaRNHART.

“pjiom 34} JO suotde1 tmyed a]qQey1eWss JsoU 9YyI JO aUO ST
‘soaoe puesnoy) Aly pue pespuny suo Ajazeurrxosdde 3urAdnos0 farareid sryyj, “U109 jo spay sty sjueyd ay s8urreayo uy = -sainjonajs aq}
Jo} yeroyeUE ayy Surystuiny wyed ey} ‘soseyrA sty spyinq sjourwag ay) spue|st JaBzre] aseyy ul ‘aouRISIP ay? Ul SpuRst Jayjo ‘punols
“yeq ur pues: eseqqeo pue ‘searj-oFeqqes paiazjeog ‘punosZaioy ul atreig—-saqoys2eyQ eye] jo sa aelg ueIpuy uO

147

FERED SHIPWRECK; AND ALSO FROM THE CRUEL DEVOURING
Jaws or THE INHUMAN CANNIBALS OF FLoriDA.” Philadelphia,
1699.

Dickenson and his shipwrecked British associates walked
fr

al he coastal sand-dunes from Jupiter Island to Sain
Augustine and S ary’s under the protection (?) of the
Florida aborigines, now extinct, and the Spanish he following

ow!
quotation from page 76 of the fifth edition of the above-cited
work is among other — to the experiences of the party,
ee in the Halifax River region.
but being nigh the Snore, where had been an Indian
wn, we ene thither and found some ripe Berries on the
Shrubs.

However, the existence of the cabbage-tree could scarcely
have been unknown to Linnaeus, for there were long descriptions

r by hi
dated Decenber 27, 1765, when he wrote to John sie about a
a from Madeira.
“Lord Hillsborough received last summer, from Madeira,

seeds of the Dragon Palm, and they are as they are described,
bout the size of a pea, ae round, and horny, like the seeds
of Palmetto from South Sptanae I shall write for some
specimens of the flowers. I am of Mr. Loefling’s opinion
that they belong to the Aspara: ae

Mark Catesby? wrote quite fully concerning the subject of

1John Ellis was born in Ireland, probably in Dublin, about 1710. He
became a merchant in London, and amassed a considerable fortune.

751, he he s a.
aquatic life, especially what were then i he
realized were some of them ined and o} ers plants. Later he studied

in 1764, and for Dominica it in “1776, and i imported to England many scien-
tific specimens of various oe especially seeds a ae plants. Among

his correspondents were Linnaeus, an r. Alexa oe of ges
: h Carolina. He di d at London, 15 ene a
2 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Ot peree 4

3 Mark Catesby was born at Su dbury, Suffolk, England, in 1679. He

ith the strange natural objects about him that he resolved to retu urn to
Aerie for the sole purpose of studying them. He arrived at Charleston
1722, and collected and painted plants and animals in South Carolina,

148

this eal as early as 1732,! in fact too fully about the ‘Plant
Palm ” The description runs as follows:

‘ Ba Im grows not only between the Tropicks, but is
found further North ee n any other. In Bermudas? its leaves

perceive the to grow an inch in height, nor even to make the
r

f ea.
these Isla nds stein dine with infinite numbers of them of all

Palms grow to their ‘ibual stature, which is about 40 feet high,

m the ear t
ducing branches of berries, like those of the trees. In New
England eae grow Halse pouas one rebel spreading on the
ground. n the same plant has
the cause a ce serie thought cferen species, though
i he t th

e reference a a palm growing wild; in New England is
fantastic. ow esby got the idea or the information to
lead him to write a a statement is a mystery.

Georgia, Florida, and the Bahamas, for four years; the results appearing in

his sumptuous ‘Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama

published in 1x numbers (1730-48), and completed only shortly

before his death, which occurred in London, 23 December, 1749. His col-

lections are represented in the Sherard herbarium at Oxford and the Sloane
i .H.B.

1 Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands.—X
2 The Bermuda plant was later din incuched as Sabal preenen a

149

Thirty years ene wrote more sanely of
the Palmetto tree of Carolina as follows

“This is the only species of that numerous and useful genus of
trees, the Palm, that is found to grow without the tropics: I

its vicinity, wit any hardy trees whic! na lized
t gland, would induce one to conclude that this tree also,
as well as those, may be ey to bear the cold of our country;
b 1 American trees of the same latitude are not equally
hardy, trial only ae how far this tree is capable of
abiding the open air of our climate. Was the singular

specious appearance of these trees known urious, there

to the Cur
would need no other excitement to the desire of procuring them,
which with no great difficulty may be effected from Charles
Town in South Carolina; within four miles of irae is a —e

sed fo g-
hats, eae ae wih Lage s omer utensils. The berries
are globular t taste; and is a
great pare ol the food « of the oe Indians.”

“Sir , that the name o - Palm seems best
to agree with this kind, because the leaf resembles a hand more
than any of the other sorts.”

This paper is accompanied by an elaborate plate—a good dia-
grammatic representation of the cabbage-tree,

1Hortus Europae Americanus 40,

‘ainsojoua oy} 07 peures SI SS9D98 SIGMA
JOA0 Jappe] B sey IY8i1 auer}xe ay) uo ued ayy “seseq-jeay yuazstsiad 10 , s300q,, 1 aBued St
jnoyBnosy) se ‘azayy -dumnjo sqyy ur Supmoss susyed jo yymq ye—yorey jeay- “uyed pue syun7 ayy jo weg: ayy f ‘squnsy ay} JO St sousyz
a4L “punos8yoeq ut spurs! eeqqes ‘punos8es0j ur dumnjo aSeqqeo & ul psehuseq pue wseq ueIpUy ajouruag— areig uepuy uO

181

Shortly after Catesby's last paper on the cabbage-tree, John
Bartram! referred to it several times in a work by William Stork
that appeared in 1765, under the following title:

“An ACCOUNT oF EAsT FLORIDA: WITH A JOURNAL KEPT BY
JouNn BartRAM, OF PHILADELPHIA, BoTaNist TO His MaJEsTy
FOR THE sees YEON A JOURNEY FROM St. AUGUSTINE UP
Tue RIVER St. Jou

‘“We now came to ae nty of the tree palmetto, which the
inhabitants call cabbage-tree, and is much eaten both raw and
boiled

troughs or conduits to carry water from place to place above-
ground.”

- e cut down three tall palms or cabbage- -trees,

f

cabbage.
nters ee eat it raw, and will live upon it
several days
ped on a descending bank on the back of
whieh was Ae a and dw at Daler o or chamaerops; here
we cooked a fine mess of palm-cabbage.’

1 John Bartram was born 23 March 1699, at Marple, near Darby, Pennsyl-
vania. He had been a farmer for several years before he became interested
in botany, and. was then for the most part, and of necessity, as he knew no

in the science, self-taught. He traveled widely, from New
York to etre and corresponded with various eminent naturalists abroad,

especially with Collinson of London, who , like himself, a member of the
Society of Friends. About 1729, Bartram establi: at Kingsessing, then a
pee but now a gas of the city of eeu the first botanic garden in

rly fift
ie and eee a a as ooh poured ante the gardens of Europe. Jn
re

appoii ointment sates ae in pes of advancing age, to extend’ his
cientifi travels. In that year a ae the next, accompanie ied by his son, he
He died

t Kingsessing, 22 September 1777. = H. B.

k, by Willia
ae pages Io , (reprint 37), 20 (reprint 43), 23 saan nk ee

152

It remained for a resident of South Carolina formally to de-
scribe and publish the cabbage-tree. The name of Thomas
alter’ a Bs

with i n_ his
alter r prints, “Corypha Palmetto 2. ee porn medio

About twenty- ie vere later, William mee writing, in
wo of his conbae in Georgia and Florida
The Cha: Foye Falmer is an elegan - ae nt,—attaining,
in Georgia, fot or fifty feet; and all its valuable
T

able, more sweet and aeieu a cabbage; from which it

diameter, and two feet in length. It may be eaten raw, but
when boiled, and dressed in butter, ofords a attiiioue and
very ete article of diet

Thereafter references to a then unique plant of the flora
of the United States became more numerous. One of the more

e reprint was issued from the office of The Florida Mirror, Fernandina,
ida, 1881

1Thomas Walter, who was born in Hampshire, England, about

now a forest wilderness. The British National Museum contains a collection
of plants made by Walter, presumably several years before the publication
i _ HB.

ee Caroliniana. 1788.
illiam Baldwin was born in Newlin township, Chester County, Penn-
sania 29 March 1779 he ee ee as S surgeon on a merchant vessel
1805, and received h 14 niversi
in 1807. From 1812 to 1818 he was a surgeon in the United States navy
of the time stationed in Georgia or Florida. Appointed surgeon an
ane to Long’s expedition up the Missouri, he died at Franklin, Missouri,
1 September 1819
* Reliquiae Baldwinianae ven 1843.

¢
wi
ES
g
o
cm
v
oO
a
J
a
<
3
»
=
Pp

153

extensive and complete descriptions was by F A. Michaux!
who was a particularly interested student of t! rls trees of
i his Rae 7 a

spreads to the extremity of East Florida, and probably encircles
the Gulf of Mexico; I have no doubt tha t it exists also in Cuba
al slands; i ich i

“Fart south the Cabbage Tree is not eondned as in the
United States, to the immediate vicinity of the sea; on is river
St. John, in Florida, a few miles above Lake George, I caused

two a to be felled at the distance of 40 or 50 miles from the
shor
* * *
“The base of the undisclosed bundle of leaves is white, com-
pact and tender; it is eaten ilk oil and vinegar, ae Racin
the artichoke and cabbage in taste, whence is derived the

of Cabbage Tree. But - 0 destroy a oe nie has cae
acentury in growing, t ur oO}

unces of a substance

angois André Michaux was born 16 August 1770, at Versailles, Fran

s 0
estate Vauréal, near Pontoise, in the department of Seine-et-Oise, 23 October
1855.—J.

2 The North American Sylva 3: 1-3. 1819.

154

neither richly nutritious nor ap aee agreeable to the palate,
would be pardonable only in a desert which was destined to
remain uninhabited for ages. Wi he milar prodigality of the
works of Nature, the first settlers of Kentuc y killed the Buffalo,
an animal weighing 12 or 15 hundred pounds, for the pleasure
of eating its bia and abandoned the carcass to the beasts
of the ae

ms Ca are Tree bears long clusters of small greenish
ace which are succeeded by a black, inesculent fruit, about
a size of a

“Tn Sout ther Sted the wood of ae tree, cc extremely
porous, is preferred to every other wharv Ss superiority
consists in oe secure from injury by sea-worms, which, during

its numbers, and proba e
will cease to exist within the teiedas ries ie rae States.”
course, in addition to both the easily accessible and buried
printed literature about this palm, there is, doubtless, much
contained in unpublished ee ndence
The following paragraphs from a ictte? of Dr. G. W. Hulse?
ublish :

Arkansas during the summer and fall of _ same year, returning to Fort
Brooke, Florida. In 1837, f , Arkansas, returning
to Fort Brooke in January, 1838. He was at Ta llahas ssee in March, and
t!

done in Florida and Mississippi. Throughout the Civil War he was a surgeon
in th fed A and at its close, hi t dnorth

his home at first with his sister, Mrs. Moffatt at Rockford, Illinois,
and later with her daughter, ne Se at Auburn, New York, where he

* John Torrey was born in fee k City, 15 August, 1796. As a boy he
became interested in botany and pee When he was only twenty
years old, and a student of medicine, he was one of, ihe group of young men

135

structive, as it contains information gathered first hand relating

to the uses of this palm bys the pono! aaa t was, doubt-

less, similarly used by tt i Seminoles.
“T send yo

the sea coast in the southern country. As this is an ea
article to civilized man, as well as the savage, I have thought it
mig _ be interesting to you. The body or caudex is very durable
in salt water and said to be proof against worms that are so
ae ss ships. It is much used for building wharves in
this country

“The Seminole obtains a rich article of food from the young
leaves in the top, from the abundance of its berries he supplies

and sugar, as mance you to satisfy us as to the chemical
properties of dis plan
In the ae ee in which the above-quoted letter
written, or oie t a century after this decidedly pet
tree was referred to in detail by Mark Catesby, it was finally

who, under the a of Professor Mitchill, organized the Lyceum of
Natural History, now the abe Yo a Academ y of = clences eae within a year
e ee $0 the Lye im, Gautets a

as one 0 me

catalogue of plants oe to occur within es fle of New 4 k City.
pon receiving his degree, in 1818, he entered upon the practice of saidione

in New w Yo rk City 3 fr om 1824 to 1827 he fe f chemi y d mi

Q f ¢

alog

ii istry era
interest was always in botany, to which he devoted all the time he Id find *
a en purpose for ae thal n n fifty years, publishing numerous books and

s, and gaining a this scienc was the first
ees t of the Torrey Botanical Club, which was named in his hon
died in New York City, 10 March 1873.—J. H. B.

156

placed in the genus in which it is now generally acknowledged
a e stan

s Ba the
ee of Mexico seem 2 be as fav: eee nae its growth, at least

arly

coast hank of Florida. Its absence from the Gulf Coast may
be occasioned by cold storms that sweep down through the
eres Valley, ie there is ies ‘high land and no moun-
tains to temper their icy winds as there are on the Atlantic
seaboard.

However, this well-marked north-south extension of range
aes be the cecal a the passage of migratory birds plus one
Penins our Hens is, and perhaps was

foaneny, the center of tl f the cabbage-
rees. e gen ee course e of flight of migratory birds is north
and south, and not east an ird: have carried th

able climate, until it reached the limit of endurance at Cape
Hatteras.

At Cape Hatteras the coast line turns to the northwest, and
thus north of the Cape the shore has a northeastern exposure.

For a history of the blue-stem, see Journal of the New York Botanical
ee 23: 161-168. 1922.
2? Bull. nue Club 28: 529. _ 1901,
3 For S f the
Pkeeieds see Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 152. 1922.

157

Consequently, a great deal of the warmth derived from the
n

in

fee Gulf Stream the st Indies, is lost to the coastal
region north of Cape Hatter.

Thus the geographic range oof the cabbage-tree peters out at

The eon satias is amphibious. habitat ranges from
perpetual water to permanently dry ro It thrives also in
d

meter. When the
high these roots are evidently active, when it is low they are
practically, of necessity, pees t. During the dry season
+h d f + a oe
Wi

surrounding mud and is bar Persicarias, primrose-
willows, ae ne grasses, veda, and other homely
plants Aoureh there;.but the showy plants are more commonly
the beautiful Carolina-aster and the fragrant hemp-weed, both
of which clamber and climb up the trunk er for many feet.

158
The cabbage-tree is not particular as to the kind of water it

gets its moisture from. Fresh water or salt water, hard water
or soft water or sulphur water high suit it equally well.
We find the cabba

below the crown of eee or wit boots ‘ on. e ots”

on the re Two causes, however, remo First,

lantic seaboard, the ee has a counterpart in the
southcentral Unite tates. It is the seal tree (Sabal
texanum) of southern Texas and adjacent Mex:

Sabal of the Bahama Islands is ete eel with
that of the south Atlantic mainland. It has been described as

in Porto Rico, another in Jamaica and another in Trinidad.
JoHn K. SMALL

NOTES ON THE ROSE GARDEN
(WITH PLATE 282)

resent season finds our rose garden nearly the same
in general outline and constitution as when was first estab-
i h ide be i to time

lishe n the out ave n adde time to ti
few select climbers, not materially changing the effect,

which was the usual heavy display of in J and be-

ginning July only, but giving the e

established. During the first seasons of its existence the rose
1 Webbia 2: 38. 1907.

159

garden served as a practical test garden for hundreds of sui
ied o

varieties grown during the years 1917-1922, especially of those
which are not now in our main beds.
Amateur Teyssier, one of the older yellow varieties, was one of
or

bed, ne were weak growers ands ropped out each

with copper-orange-salmon blooms, pies not stand the con-
ee hee. but Ube suila the 1913 Pernetiana, named in
hon’ nor of Admiral Ward’s home, has more than held its own-—we

‘addell, one of the golden salmons, was arly victim of
winter killing, and Afme niles sc gliee) Mme. Charles de
Luze and Beauté de Lyo e tha eerie
vigorous. La France oa eat ea in two differ

parts of the garden, could attract no notice on account of “bom

likewise weak and tender growers; a is worth while to grow a
few of these for variety study, but not for ‘diohay. One of the
most interesting and in a way anil results of the first five

160

years, was the weeding out of many of these varieties, and the
survival of certain varieties, many of them neglected in our
i i i In so

iu n comers,
but commendable for their persistence. Ecarlaie, one o of the

lo g tly

cation as originally planted. It has times some tight,
Reawy. Pa which aeeay without opening f duing ie weather.
Of

bedding,
and engin di in ‘America by John Cook, it bteee — necessary

plant 75P worst winters
at <

Another semi- pan red, Red Letter Day, | has proved nae er
Indiana, the . G. Hill rose of reddish-pink shade, is re-
presented ie a ee plants of the original ie It has ae
shaped, if small, — an cea tea fragrance, an ny clea:
light green foliag s. Andrew Carnegie, a white nee
lost sight of in a ees of cae a. has always given a great
many large rounded buds and blooms, and of the small number
of plants, nearly all are still alive. Gen.-Sup. Arnold Janssen,
1912 carmine rose, while somewhat short and spreading in

he autumn until transplanted last Then Gruss a plats,
that old reliable red, has set a mark for all the rest—no s,
no disease, no insects, and rich velvety bloo

am or oe
robust growing hybrid teas, especially strong in cane and foliage
growth, eae with every appearance of hybrid a
have made impressive pices for five years. One of our favor-
ites is Hon. oa Bingham, with light green, soft foli
° Ss.

e fall of 1922, these strong plants of surviving varieties,
ae ing the fine collections of Radiance, Red Radiance, Mrs.
Wakefield Christie-Miller and Jonkheer J. L. Mock, were moved

161

into the outside row of beds of the inner or main portion of the

9
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ioe
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wa
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ise]
9

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nw
f
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a
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—
oa

In preparing to receive the plants for the entire renovation of t i
main part of the garden, an application of leaf mold to lighten

These were a very oe lot of strong nel “grown | plants, given
by Bobbink and Atkin Baardse's
plans, with white roses | the center of the garden, then pinkish-

hundred more plants were set this spring, pressure of
pring work necessitated leaving a few replacements to
in the fall. their over winter struggle, the bulk of the plants

were victorious, being cut back sharply but not at all harmed
at the roots.

Our season commenced with the Chinese Rosa Hugonis, which
gave, in May, long arching are pala with hundreds of
single, rich yellow blooms. Then the Rugosa or Ramanas
rose: ith heavy, durable, ne green (lege and dark red,
pink, and white blooms of delightful oe We have

red bloom: In ae e Sweet Briars, Moss and

white bloom; and by a group of Paul's Scarlet Climber, the great

162

display of scarlet bloom from this rose attracting the attention
of most visitors seeking something in climbing roses.
ybrid ag ca the display of the new plants was

om, te in shap
of the ie aay ee ae Lady Alice Sia. a ee
pink, gave some of the largest aur Sie most of the white
roses were still getting their growth rence Pemberton, which
is almost clear white, being an ae suffused with pink,

ge, ee F. Hee Miss Lolita Armour, Willowmere, and
eslau, were objects of eae interest to visitors.

To describe or nar them is ha rdly possible.

After June, begins the season which is critical in our rose

h ly

have withstood it, with no help from the hose or watering-pot,
so well that they have put on a strong growth of new canes,
furnished with a more than satisfactory amount of buds and
flowers, and in many varieties a quality of bloom above that of
une

163,

Francis Scott Key, with its large blooms with rolled-back
petals; Jonkheer J. L. Mock, with its heavy tight buds; and th

Fi
Mabel Drew, Duchess a Wellington, really a good yellow rose in
July, ste cae any others were a! in July than in
: , Lady Ursula, and Mme. Léon Pain like to
send up es caries, a as flower high, so he are fine summer

om
&
5
fa
&

Mention of the rose ae in 1923 should include one of the
new beds which on ained four excellent roses, ns sc
carried of bloom, curiously, of div type.
These varieties were "Bloomfield Abundance, with Sine pink,
pointed buds, small in size but large in quantity, of the type of
the well-known Sweetheart or Cecile Brunner rose, and originated

to Suan nd surprises, Mme. Butterfly did not des

to be better than the beautiful Ophelia, of which it is a spor
= the other a Betty, a Dickson rose, Jehich had been ee
eak in previous seasons, grew tall, stately, and flowered freely
= generously in June, and was still better in July.
KENNETH R. BoyNTON

INVESTIGATION OF THE HEMLOCK FOREST

ork Botanical Garden is cooperating with the

Yale Forest school, together with the forest schools at Cornell
and Syracuse, ina study of hemlock. For a number of years the
hemlock forest on the grounds of the Sesh Garden has
attracted atfention, not only. because of its extent and age, but
s beir outlier of this type of see ria the

164.

Atlantic coast. The area, before coming into the possession of
e Gi

leason, so t Director of the Botanical Garden,

is divided roughly in 3 parts, field work and laboratory work.
The field work is - fae - which Yale, Cornell and Syra-
cuse are cooperating. Briefly, this calls for ee instrumental
records of the environmental conditions under stands of hemlock

Vy e
n the Adirondacks, represents the aaa position, where the
tree is in Compention with spruce and fi
Tl

ek ly

solar radiation (given roughly by Ligon A iceoaaiurey
maximum and minimum slg of the air and of the soil
at six and eighteen inches depth, a precipitation. It is
recognized that more me ate ee would be desirable, but
practical features and expense had to be considered. The two
Yale Forest School eet were selected, and one of them
established on April 18. They are on ag Ridge on
lands of the New Haven Water Com . The first station is

growth. The second is on the top of the ridge where, in spite of
the rocky and apparently dry Ene of the site, hemlock

165

forms a pure stand with abundant reproduction. Appearances
point to the gradual extension of hemlock through hardwood
forests of Connecticut which are protected from ae and to an
important future for this tree in forest management.

The station at Cranberry Lake, conducted by - State College

Garden in New York, and also one station in the open on the
Botanical Garden grounds
BARRINGTON Moore

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING SEPTEMBER
Sept. 1. Nature Talks—VIII. “Useful aa -

r. W. A. Murrill.
Sept. 2. ‘Birds in Their Relation to Aeture”
r. L. W. Brownell.
Sept. 8. “A Winter in Southern Catfornin
r. A. B. na
Sept. 9. ‘‘The Tree in the Landscape.” Mr. — F.C
Sept. 15. my Flowers of Autumn—How ee are ae
r. G, C, Fisher..

red.”

Sept. 16. os Ancient and Modern.”
Dr. _ ‘ia

Sept. 22. ‘Dahlias and Their Culture.” Dr. M. A.

Exhibition of Dahlias, September ae

Sept. 23. ‘‘The Story of Wheat.” Dr. Geo. M. Reed

Sept. 29. ‘The Most Important Economic Plants of America.”
Dr. H. A. Gleason.

=~

Sept. 30. ‘‘Chrysanthemums.”’ Mr. C. H. Totty.

166

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator, has saa elected to member-
as in the National eae my of Scien

. B. Stout, Director of the ee spent two weeks

een in July and a in ee ust in northern Maine, continuing

researches on seed sterility and fertility in potatoes, in cooper-

ation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of the U.S. Department

of Agriculture
r. W. A. Murrill visited four Girl Scout camps in Interstate
k on July 30 and oe and made two addresses on scouting and
am pied b ron.

d the flowe
Herbaceous Valley to the Rock Garden, ae s Garden, a

plantation and See Range 2. Some even got as far
as the Rose
The library io herbarium of the late aay a : Du rand

Miss Helen A. Purdy, who has been for more than a year an
assistant fe Dr. ia A. Murnill, eee of Public In-
struction shop Museum Fellow

and will sail in September for the sae Islands, where she
will devote the coming year to studies of the Hawaiian fungi
with special attention to those causing plant diseases. Miss

167

Purdy is a graduate of Barnard (1918) and has been an assistant

she held an American-Scandinavian Foundation fellowship at
the University of Copenhagen.

beginning of the treatment of the Hepaticae was made in
Volume 14, Part 1, of the North American Flora, which appeared

aa Corsiniaceae, Targioniaceae, Sauteriaceae, eae and
rchantiaceae, by Alexander William Eva Part 3 of
Via 24, continuing the family Fabaceae of ae ‘onder Rosales
and written by Per Axel Rydberg, was published Pipi
The 1923 dahlia border was planted June ade It
consists at the date of writing ae 8) of 854 ae nae
ing 448 varieties. Eight weeks of very dry weather followed the
planting: quite Bie sates of what happened in 1922. Attacks
of th t (Papat i

Ata Hott meeting of the Torrey Bownical Club, the ‘New

pointed t
preservation of the native flora in the state of New York. Dr.
Ralph C. Benedict, resident investigator ae ere

Botanic Garden, who had addressed the me n ‘'Gam
Laws for Ferns and = Flowers,’’ was made ‘hoirman of ah
committee. Other members are Dr. Homer D. House, State

Ha ae the Wild Flower Preservation “Societ ty;
isher of the American Museum of Natural
nie representing the New York Bird and Tree Club; Dr.

168

Marshall A. Howe of the New York Botanical Garden, Ba
senting the Torrey Botanical Club; and Augustus O. Bourn,

a member of the Torrey Botanical Club, who will act as ee

adviser

ral y I f pines have suffered so severely

fom ire of fe see moth (Evetria buoliana) that it

s feared that Bae ae Hee to be removed entirely from

on owever, thi

ie collectio: the past two seasons, h r, this
e (Pinus “iuahns) ‘ras. shown a decided Fala and
many of th Whether

this is due to the appearance of some new natural enemy o
the insect or to other causes it is difficult to say. Last season
attacks of what t appeared to be the same insect were a in
the plantation of red pines (Pinus resinosa). The det nation
of the insect was later confirmed by the State oe who

pra
"Metorln a July. cane total Salles for the month
Th um temperat

peratures were 57.5° on the 7th and on the Sth, on the <
58° on the 2oth and 57° on the 24th.

Members of the Corporation

“a Robert Abbe
elis

Charles B. Alexander
Vincent Astor
John W. —

George F. B
Stephen a?

Prof. W.
Daniel Guggenheim

J.
Edward S. aks ess
Prof. R. A. Har

. Amory Haskell

Henry de Forest Baldwin A os abi

und L. Bayli

Prof. "Charles P. Berkey

Eugene P. Bicknell
C. K. G. Billings
George Blumenthal
George S. Brewster
Prof. N. L. Britton
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess

Marshall Field
William B. O. Field
James B. Ee .
Henry W. de Forest
ae W. vi Forest
Childs Frick

Members of the Advisory

Mrs. George A. Armour
Mrs. Robert Bacon
Miss Elizabeth Billings
Mrs. N. L. Britton
Mrs. Andrew Saal
Mrs. » Charles D. Dicke

rs. A. B; rn Mrs. George W. Perkins
Mrs. Robert 1 M old J. Pratt

rs. Walter Jennings Mrs. Wm. cre Prentice Mrs.
Mrs. Bradish Johnson Mrs. William A d

ecksc
(cee P: Mons
Anton G. Sed! :
Bernhard Hoffm:
Archer M. une
Adrian Iselin

Dr. Walter B. James
Walter ee
Otto

oe Lewisohn
Kenneth K. Mackenzie
V. Everit Macy

gar L. Marston

orge McAneny
John L. iia
Ogden M

Hon. a L. Mills
Barrington Moore

F eae R. Newbold

Delancey Kane
s. Gustav E. Kissel
rai Lee

Mrs.
Mr.
“i
Mrs.
" ee Eve re

rs. Pierre M
. Henry aia

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack
Henry Phipps

F Pierson

rege R. bie

Ira A. Plac

Hon. Anning S Prall
Charles F. Rand
Johnston L. Redmond

Jolin D. Rockefeller

. Emlen a ais
Prof. H. H. Rusb
Dr. alae H. Sayre
Mortimer L. Schiff
Albert R. Shattuck
Henry A. Siebrecht
Valentine P. Snyder
James Speyer
Frederick Strauss
F. K. Sturgis
B. B. Thayer
Charles = rape ist
W. Boyce Thompso
Dr. W. Gilman ae
Louis C. Tiffany
Felix M. Warburg

Westinghouse
Bronson Winthrop
Grenville L. Winthrop

Council

a Roosevelt
Mrs. Benson B. Sloai

. W
Mrs.
F, de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of = Women’s Auxiliary

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mrs. Jas

Mrs. John I. Kane

rymser
Miss Obes = a Stokes

Mrs. F. F. Thompson

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by ri :
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. —
2. Patrons 4
contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden “ allt j
or ce eae shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. i
3. Fellows for Life

he contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the Se. to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00

5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 ee and become —
fellows re life when their payments aggregate $1000.01

6. Annual wen ie:
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10
All members are entitled to the following! ones es:
1. Tickets to on lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers. |
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers.
3. A copy of all handbooks ee by a Garden.
4. A co w of all annual reports and bullet
y of the monthly cas
6. Privileges of the Board Room.

7. Life Members
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00.

Information
ee are invited to ask any questions they pe to have answered
on botanical or horticultural ne Docents will a y any members

throu: ugh * grounds and buildings any week day, eae ag Masel Building
at 3 o'clock.
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum Of.......cssssss0

Ky

Vol. XXIV September, 1923 No. 285

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director

: CONTENTS
Mantas and their Gulture. .......-...000.ccccccececscecsceccacgeccsececs 169
Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 188
An Appreciation of Dr. Stout’s Work in California 189
Notes, News and Comment 189
Accessions 190

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 Cents A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

LANCASTER, Pa.

AT8
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1923
PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE
E

VIcE-PRESIDENTS 2 i STURGIS
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
AssIsTANT TREASURER-HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SrcreTarY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
HENRY W. DeFOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON

Term expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOL EWISOHN

PAUL D. CRAVATH NGTON MOORE

JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILL AM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL

ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THe MAyor OF THE or or New York
HON. ae F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF TH PARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS. DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairma:
DR. NICHOLAS tarererie BUTLER DR. FREDERIC $

Le LA cit ae a HON. GEORGE J ‘RV!
PROF. JAMES F. PROF. cE M. RICHARDS

DROF. HENRY H. RUSB

GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in- Chief (Development, Administration)

s
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS. Admintstrative Assi:
PERCY WILSON, Associate Cre
JAMES A. CRAWFORD, Associate Cur
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the pais bh ieee
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gardener
SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator ‘of the Economic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTO

4
~)
~
Ss
8
e
ims
.~
S
i=)
s
S
|
S

ARTHUR CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds

.

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV September, 1923 No. 285

DAHLIAS AND THEIR CULTURE!

The dahlia, as most of you well know, is an ornamental plant
that during the past few years has undergone a marvelous
development, and has made remarkable strides in the winning
of popular favor. In our At lantic seaboard stat esa at least and

ell remember
sight of a cactus dahlia. That was less than twenty years ago.
I had supposed that I knew a dahlia when I saw one, but I had
to ask what this thing was and was greatly taken back when
told that it was a dahlia

The present apy increasing popularity of panne is ap-
parently due to the ease with which they may be g the
wondrous beauty and variety of their ioe. ea as to form
and color, and to the fact that, under favorable ee crne the

1 The text of one of a series of garden talks by members of the staff of The
New York Botanical Garden, a by WEAF (American aren and
Telegraph Co.), May 2, 1923, I

169

170

earlier and freer-flowering varieties may be depended upon to
furnish flowers for a period of about three months, beginning,

The Lae of daffo nate eee Saaiae irises, thededehdrons,
not at all to

] the roots ee ground thro ugh winter, lifting them
a

at there are many varieties of bia now in cultiva-
tion in the United aie is aes from the catalogues of the
and i

Francisco, New Haven, Trenton, and other centers of dahtia
interest. Professor Norton of Maryland is compiling a card
index to all the published names of dahlia varieties—an index
which already has, I understand, more than 10,000 entries. Of
these 10,000, past and present, more than 5,000 ee t va-
rieties are now being grown in this country. ee of these are
distinguished, it is true, only by careful compar iso et the fact

dish
period. The dahlias, as they grow wild in the mountains of Mexico,
occur with single or rarely semi-double flowers, mostly in various

17I

shades of red or pink. The large double flowers and the mar-
velous colors and combinations of colors seen in the dahlias of
today are modern developments. But a blue dahlia, like a
blue rose, is something for the future, if it is ever attained. The
nearest that we now come to it is a violet purple.

Dahlias were introduced into the ornamental gardens of the
United States about one hundred years ago, but their great

(Ph New
of the New He fate oo Stations.)
development as to i — and color and as to popularity has
been ae the last twenty years.
The dahlia sae to ee family known to botanists as the
ositae or more recently as the Carduaceae. It is a char-

is in reality, like the sunflower, a flower-cluster or head, made up

172

of numerous, closely aggregated flowers or florets, the corollas of

which are often developed in two or more ways. In the so-

called single dahlias, a few outer flowers of am cluster have
cor s the

u .

we shal iL continue to use the word “flower”
meaning what botanists would call a ‘‘head”’ or ‘‘flower-cluster.

Growers and exhibitors of dahlias recognize aes different
classes or groups, based on the form and other characters of the
flower or head. The extremes of form are very aaron and
it is usually ae to say ne what oa a owe is to be placed,
but here. where nature
has been interfered with by man, the lines of separation are not

may be fou ‘wo and sometimes three different headings
in ae o en dealers. As defined by the America:
Dahlia Society, seven principal classes of dahlias are recognized,
but two of them are sta anes and the iene are given
age rank with the ma ivision in most o catalogues, so
may as well ote ee rae are ten ce Single, the

ces.
1. In the class known as the Single dahlias, we have o
centered flowers, with 8 to 12, usually 8 rays in a single ae or
series. Examples, Twentieth Century and Newport Wonder.
n the Collaretie class, we have flowers of the mele type,
with not more than 9 large floral rays, but with a
narrower, often differently colored rays, standing in front of o'

them and the open center. Examples, Madame Poirier and
San Mateo Star

173

a. . the Duplex class, we find semi-double flowers, with more
than 12 rays in more than one circle, the rays long and flat or
broad ee eae ae noticeably curled. Examples, Weber
ae adame J. C

. In the Pia. eae class, we have semi-double flowers,
aa open centers, the inner floral rays being usually curled or
twisted. Examples, Geisha, Laura Barnes, and Caecilia.

5. In the Cactus class, we find flowers that are fully double,
at least in the early part of the season or in all except the latest

Cactus DaHLiA, Countess oF LONSDALE

(Photographed at Pleasantville, New York. Cut used by courtesy of the
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations.)

stages of ania of the individual flower. In the true or
dt :

the Hybrid Cactus group, we find rays thar are short and
ey as compared with those of the true cactus, the margins of
the rays are only slightly rolled backward, and the tubes of the

’ 174

orets are less than half the length of the ray. Examples,
Kalif, Lady Helen, and Gladys Sherwood. The word “hybrid”
in such terms as Hybrid Cactus has no special reference to their

7.1 e Decorative Sean we have double flowers, normally
full to a center and flat rather than ball-shaped, with broad,
flat rays, the margins of de outer rays plane or only slightly
recurved. Examples, Beatrice Slocombe, Snowdrift, and Judge
Sask

e Show class, we find fully double flowers that are

folding inward of their mar; Examples, Dreer’s

White, A. D. Livoni awson, and King of Sho
9. In the Hybrid S. group, we have flowers that are inter-
mediate in character b n the s ratives.

ae less cupped or quilled. Examples, “Avtiir Kelsey and
D. M. Moore.
10. in the Pompon class, we have flowers of the same general

poi ees pea and Bileene.

the cactus family that was then popular in the greenhouses of
that country.
In he matter of soil for growing dahlias successfully it has been
found that a light loam, with good drainage, is most favorable.
They commonly do better on a slope than on level land. Dahlias

175

need plenty of water after they begin to blossom, but, like
roses ‘and Dronics, they hae to resent ee in places where
their fe ve

a rank growth of stalks oad foliage, oa = flowers, but gener-
ally speaking, there is little danger of makin ng the soil too Gch
As a fertilizer, sheep manure and bone meal are especially recom-

ACTUS DAHLIA, CALIFORNIA BEAUTY
(Photographed at The New York Botanical Garden.)
en dahlia-growers, but one can get the same
chemical elements of plant food from ote r manures and fer-
tilizers, sometimes more cheaply and mo e dir ectly. To get

well mixed with the soil and if one is planting only a few and can
ake the time and trouble it is well to put most of it about a

176

foot t away from the root at the time of planti ing. Manuring “in
t

ssist in th ‘mi fe} e, ha
some flowers. But the roots of strongly forced plants scmetimes
give poor results the following season roots of moderately
fed field-grown plants are to be pref
A heavy, clayey soil that is i sen . Dake down hard in the

manures are not ae one it is a good plan to buy chemical
fertilizers. If one does this, it is much more economical and

a
Potash, one ma’ "to a square rod, dae g

egin to blossom, nee unds to a square rod. ae of

very powerful a ee uld be used with caution and

restraint, if at all, and should not be placed within a eas inches
of the plant itself.

Dahlias, as a rule, do best in a sunny location, though some
of the varieties welcome a little shade in the middle of the day.
The vicinity of trees, shrubs, and woody vines is to be avoided
on account of the heavy drain that such strong-growing organ-

eeom
9
a

177

isms always make on the food and water content of the adjacent
soil.

As to the best time for — diff f
Goinietbine of course depends on one’s location and the length
of the growing season. In ae interior and among the moun-

tains, where frosts are expected in September, it is well to nee

YBRID Cactus DauLia, Mrs. WARNAAR
(Photographed at The New York Botanical Garden.)

as early, in May as is consistent with sous from tite or
long

week in June is perhaps the most ne date for planting,

178

though growers for the cut-flower market in New York often
prefer to plant later, ease p to the middle of July. By
late planting one of course does ne get flowers so soon, but is

me.

For the growing of dahlias, amateurs commonly use either

tuberous roots or seeds, although profesional or the more ex-

perienced amateurs make use also of green plants grown from

cuttings. Unless you have a greenhouse a can root the cut-

tings in March or April, it is hardly worth while to bother with
hem.

strictly speaking, they are neither. They are tuberous roots
and we shall refer to them as the roots. Wherever you are, it
is time now [May 2] to overhaul your dahlia roots, if you have
not already doneso. Those that look all right and are beginning

k
warm place, at least ea you are convinced as to whether they
are ae or not. When the eyes are well started, you can then
divide the clump in such a way that each division has at least
one good eye. Beginners sometimes make the mistake of

tially ae — of last year’s stalk. A modern dahlia is the result
of a great many crosses or hybridizations and when one plants
a seed one never knows just what one is going to get except that

of s
The new OES osenae from the planting of seeds. When,

179

however, you plant a root or set out a green plant that has come

fro lip, you are, in a way, continuing an individual plant
one season into th If this is kept up indefinitely,
itisas f immortality for a single individual. Except for

to dig ah x two deep and s i utu
plant has good, fertile soil underneath it. Lay the root or division
on its side, wi eye or sprout upwards, about six inches

general working rule is to plant alee uae each way,
i or

though
stents able if the rows are four rae apart.

t, dry oe is perhaps the chief enemy of the dahlia and
for aa reason they eae do better near the seacoast than
in the interior of our count Dahlias ordinarily require little

of
the water after the plants begin to blosso:

Most people who raise only a few dahiae tie ie up to stakes
to lessen Last oe injuries from wind and r. If this is to be
done, it is well to drive the stake just oe planting. Some
varieties are naturally short and others are ae as neato

or the i

f leaves. I d of
usually have four ieee ae that take its place. This

180

beheading aa retards the opening of the first flowers by
a o weeks. The crown the bu

es
below it are eee about as soon as ie start. This allows

DEcoRATIVE DAHLIA, SNOWDRIFT
(Photographed at The New York Botanical Garden.)

the whole strength a i main stem or main branch to go
the perfection of the one flower. Whether you pa ie ctice
disbudding or not is eee a matter of taste. depends

flow
early part of the season most of us dislike to disbud, pee oe

181

in so doing we are sacrificing many future flowers, but as the

season advance ay of the first frost approaches, we do
it with a clearer conscience, feeling that the s we are removing
would be li ° t by the frost before th ul
have a chance to open. Withered flowers should be removed,
both to improve appearance of the plant and to conserve th
vigor of the plant by removing the necessity of ripening seeds,
hat is, unless you wish to ripen seeds an them f
year's planting. But, as I have already said, you do not know
a re going to get when you plant a dahlia seed except

that too many new ones, often no better than cheaper pre-existing
varieties, are now being offered for sale.

ahlias, we have said, are easily grown, but it must be ad-
mitted th hey have their dis seases, like other organisms.

handed down from
ne seaso aie the next in the erous roots and also a little
less often in plants tl slips taken from diseased

182

lants. Roots from plants suspected of disease should never be

DECORATIVE ae Hortuianus Fist

e New ¥.

of the New Jersey yaaa nals Stations.)

sick plants to healthy ones ee sucking insects such as plant

lice and leafhoppers. The mon leafhopper, which is some-
imes

fly of the greenh ae is especially the object of suspicion. The
adults are ae one-eighth of an inch long and are yellowish

183

white or greenish white. When newly hatched, they are much
smaller, have no wings, and are usually found close to the veins

of no use unless they actually hit ae insect. If the ive are

lowe: SO! leav
also the spread of the disease may eld in cl ec

it. Don’t coddle it along, with the usually vain hope that its

of the dahli m-bo
worm about an inc aed enters the stalk rae “ outs: ide
and eats the interior a the stem. Its eae is usually be-
trayed by the wilting of the upper part of So em. The most
direct and practical relief is to fish out the worm with a slender
wire, hooked at the end. One can usually - this without serious
r

with some sort of
e late autumn nm after the plants are killed by
frost, the roots should eS carefully lifted and stored away for

start new shoots and thus draw out nourishment that you would
rather have remain in the roots for use the next spring. The

184

beginner should remember that a root with a broken neck is

DECORATIVE cae KING OF THE AUTUMN
d Pleasantville, New York.)

clump and sae: together, can operate less damage to the
roots than one man working alone. Cuts and bruises are to be
avoided, as they give rot-producing ine a better chance for
attack. Any cuts should be covered with powdered sulphur.

185
It is desirable to let the lifted rcots nee off in the sunshine for

two or three hours to remove any excess of sap or moisture from
the pith or hollow . the oes as hi fluid, if left, might preys
ulds or oth

present time at prices ranging all the way from fifteen ee to

prices ranging from fifteen cents to a dollar. The older, more

186

widely eae Varieties are naturally the cheaper. The
fact that a varie old one is in itself an indication dae it
has some ae ee ie case of an old book that is still sold.
It is an indication also that the variety is resistant to disease and
that the roots winter well.

Among the older, nee Peony-flowered varieties may be
mentioned Geisha, scarlet and gold; Madonna, white; and Cream
King, cream-colored. Of the newer Peony-flowered ‘dahlias, we

Pompon DauLia, BELLE OF SPRINGFIELD

Pernt at The New York B it

e New Jersey Agricultural ae Stations.)
may mention Shantung, red and gold; Pearl Ruggles, carmine-
rose; and we o Sam, orange-buff, one of the largest-flowered

TO

eap, aga excellent varieties of the vane and Hybrid
Cactus ne are Countess of Lonsdale, which is salmon-pink
and a very free bloomer; Standard Bearer, Seales Sherlock,

187

ange; Pierrot, amber with whitish tips; F. W. Fellowes, Mice
Nie old rose; Marguerite Bouchon, ae: nd whit
Kalif, scarlet; George Walters, salmon-pink; Mrs. Warniee
white or apple-blossom pink; Attraction, ee. Tom
Lundy, carmine-red; and Helen Rect blush-pink.

Of the Decorative type some Raat nie well-
established, cheaper varieties are ee Burgle, dark scarlet;
ae - the Autumn, buff-yellow or terra-cotta; Souvenir de
Gustave Doazon, red; eins Fiet, shrimp-pink; and Jeanne
Ga lilac- bine and w.

Of the newer and es priced Decoratives, without,
however, mentioning any of the fine novelties of the last season,

pink, orange, aad doles a profuse and early bloomer: Earle
illi i ar] Sal -

Renwick, ridesentrose.

a
pink; Mrs. Ethel F. T. Smith, a light cream- valon. and Edith
Slocombe, a beautiful garnet-purple.
MarsHALt A. Howe.

188

BOTANY OF PORTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN
ISLANDS

he appearance on August 10 of the first part of the ‘‘ Botany
of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands” marks an important step
in the aaa ne of the results of the ‘Scientific Survey of
Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands,” of which series this botanical

of the Descriptive Flora by Dr. Britton and Mr. Percy Wilson.
f the enemas into the Amaryllis
Family, the peo groups included being the Grass Family

(Arecaceae), ie amily (Araceae), and the Pine-apple
amily (Bromeliaceae) species are described as new,

but most of the novelties had already been published by

Britton and others in pre pa the Botany

to completion are ee to follow little delay
The scientific survey of por rto boas an e Virgin qiinde was
begun in 1913 unde the di i mmittee of the New York

American Museum oF Natural History, The New York Botanical

Garden, and some of the scientific departments of Columbia
University and of other institutions. The to Rico Govern-
mi as isted t nterprises su appropriations

coéperated. Volume 1 of the scientific results of the survey
appeared in four parts. Part 1 (1919) includes a ‘‘History of
hb

the Survey y Dr. N. ritton, an “Introduction to the
Geology of Porto Rico” by Professor Charles P. Berkey, a
‘“New Base Map of Porto Rico” r ester A. Reeds and

by Dr. Douglas R. Semmes; Part 2 (1920), consists of ‘The

Geology of the Coamo-Guayama District’? by Dr. Edwin T.

Hodge; Part 3 (1922) contains ‘‘ Geology of the Ponce District”
D :

Physiography of Porto Rico” by Dr. Armin K.Lobeck. Volume

189

2, Part 1 (1923) includes “The Geology of the Lares District”
ry bl

r. Bela Hubba Vol 3, Part I (1920) consists of a
paper on ‘Tertiary Mollusca from Po ace Dr. Carlotta
J. Maury; and Part 1 (1923) comprises a systematic treatment

Be

of the “Tertiary Mollusca from the Lares District” by Dr. Bela
Hubbard.
MARSHALL A. Howe.

AN APPRECIATION OF DR. STOUT’S WORK
IN CALIFORNIA

At a regular meeting of the Board of Directors of the ae
Avocado Association held in Los a les on June 15) 1923,
resolved that th i

appreciation of ‘the work of Dr. A B. Stout of ‘the New York

ard g that
the final results of the work of ie Stout will be of one
value to the avocado industry, and it being their fervent hope
and desire ae : fire be the good fortune of the avocado
growers to hav . Stout continue his good work during the

ee m.

It was further resolved that a copy of this resolution be sent
to Dr. Stout, and a copy published in the printed proceedings
of the Association.

(Signed) J. Error Cort,
President

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

Dr. W. W. Rowlee, Saas : eeigee in Cornell Peed
died on August 8 in his sixty-second year. He had bee

will be missed by his numerous friends at the Garden

190

» Murrill ae the Harding memorial seers of Girl
e New

Scout a Central Valley on August 1 mien all th
nearby ca e conducted
the memorial service at ‘Can Wachtung for - age
from Montclair and the Oranges. While at the me rl

Scout Camp, he made arrangements in pee with M
Marjorie Weber. ate Director, for the immedi nea
permanent museum, in whi e specimens collected and
prepared by the can be displayed and nm variou.
ases of nature consulted ipment the Bronx

Masheiae, Brooklyn, Paterson, and Mon
ACCESSIONS
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM APRIL 24 TO
AUGUST 20

Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. Vol. 11, appendix, Vol. 12
parts 1,2. Calcutta, 1911-18. (By exchange.)

CLARKE, JOHN Mason. James Hall of Albany logist and pal. tologist.
Albany, 1923. (Given by - a : 2
ae NIE] EW: ze Anweisung sur agin cai
und zum gehdrigen Betrieb ie oe Berlin, 1790. (Given the
Trustees ts Princeton Uni ity.)

Wr AN, EF: UGUSTE PH. Plantae Bequaertianae. Fasc.
1~3. Gand, 1921-22, (Given by the Tides of Columbia University.)
FLEISCHER, Max. Dte Musci der Flora von Buitenzorg. Vol. 4. Leiden,
1915-22.
Grove, A. Lilies. London, n.d. (Given by Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox.
Hatt, ac bcks Monroe, & CLEMENTS, FREDERICK Epwarp. The - ~
L taxonomy; the North American species of Artemisia, Chryso-
thamnus, and Atriplex. Washington, 1923. (Given by the Carnegie In-
stitution of Washingt
Hani 1G, GUSTAV ‘Curistt IAN. De orchide. Rostochii, 1747. (Given
by the Trustees of Princeton University.)
OKER, JosePH DaLton, & BALL, JOHN. Journal of a tour in Marocco
and the Great Atlas. London, 1878.
La revista agricola, s. I-6, 7 nos. 1-6. San Jacinto, 1917-22. (Given
by the Direccién de Agricultura, Mexico.
Mori ERRE. Remarques nécessaives pour la culture des fleurs. Paris,

OUDEMANS, CORNEILLE ANTOINE JEAN ABRAM. Enumeratio systematica
fungorum. Vol. 4, Hagae Comitum, 1923.

I9I
Pack, ARTHUR Newton. Our vanishing forests. New York, 1923. (Given

is 7 on.
RamsBoTtom, Joun. A handbook of the larger British fungi. London,
1923. (Given by Dr. W. A.
Report of the second Norwegian Arctic expedition in the “' Fram,” 1898-1902.
4vols. Kristiania, 1907-19.
IDLEY, Henry Nicwouas. Flora of the Malay ions Vol. 1—Poly-
petalae. London, 1922. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
BOOKS PRESENTED BY MR. HENRY G. PARSONS
Bawey, Liserty Hype. The principles of frutt-growing. Ed. 5. New
York, 1902.
AILEY, LIBERTY Hype. The principles of bl dent New York,
1901.
BEACH, SPENCER AMBROSE, pane NATHANIEL ODGEN, & TayLor, ORRIN
M. Th ples of New York. vols. Albany, 1905.
Crozier, ARTHUR ALGER. The cnt. en Arbor, 1891
DouBLEDAy, NELTJE (De GRAI FF). ‘ai garden; an aad. to knowledge
f insect visitors. ork, 1900.

7, EPHRAIM Porter. I: ting park and dland 2 vols.

0. e
RASER, SAMUEL. The potato. New York, 1905.
H, ALLEN. How to grow vegetables and garden herbs. New York,
1917.

FULLERTON, Epity Lorine. How t k table gard New York,
1905.
Goopricu, CHARLES LANDON. The first has — New York, 1906.
SA manual of botany sed by Benjamin Lin-

i k,

9
EAR, & Mackisost is SHERMAN, Outline

EEN, SA
of Hess is les work, ‘St. Anthony Park, 1
‘ The garden book ti ee ee 2 vols. Phila-
delphia, 1901.
EDRICK, ULYssesS PRENTISS, & OTHERS. The plums of New York.

9
OLDEN, Pen GREELEY. secrets, ae 1910.
York, 1900

KING, FRA N Hiram. The soil. New .
LoDEMAN, Th f ew York, 1902.
Massey, WILBUR FIsK. Truck farming. Southern Pines, n.
OsTerHoUT, WINTHROP JOHN VAN LEUVEN. Experiments with plants.

‘ABOR, GRACE. The garden primer. New ed. ew
Titton, GEoRGE Henry. The ag lover's a ies

(Given by Mrs. Ethel A. Peckham
Va> NE, EDWARD, comp.
Albany, 1915.

, IQIL.
Melrose 1922,

"The vegetable industry in New York state.

192

N Wacner, Evita, comp. Agricultural manual of New York state,
arranged by counties. Albany, n. d.
VoorHEES, EDWARD BURNET Fertilizers, Ed. 2. New York, 1900.
Watts, Rateu L. Vegetable uae New York, 1917.
Weatuers, Joun, ed. Commercial gardening. 4 vols. London, 1913.

MusEuMS AND HERBARIUM

P f fl f North America By hange with
Harvard University.) :
I specimen of a Tertiary plant lus fl from Colorado.

(Given by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell.}

I specimen of a Cretaceous ane ine Feistmantillia oblonga. (By exchange
with the United States Geological Survey.
Given by Dr. H. usby.)
f fi d sae plants from eg South America.
ner from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

45 specimens of fossil nim from the Mesozoic of Sweden and Greenland.

3

t
© specimens of spring flowering and flowerless plants from Florida.
(Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
220 museum specimens from Bolivia and Brazil. (Given by the H. A.
Mulford Company. )
Mr. A. T. Beals.)
g60 specimens of summer flowering and flowerless plants from Florida.
(Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
2300 erie of flowering and lie plants from Bolivia and Brazil.
SS the H. A. Mulford Company.)
2 specimens of Tertiary plants— Taaniie occidentale and Sequoia Heel
dor from Alaska. (By exchange with the United States Geologica'
vey.
“3 epecimens of Rosa from eels By exchange with Mr. L. F. Heimlich.)
Chijuik Ri Alaska. (By exchange
with the anus States Geological manga
I spec owa. (By exchange with Mr. R.I.
Cratty. a
22 specimens - es plants from Lacombe, Alberta, (By exchange
with Mr. R H. on.)

1 f t New Jersey. (Collected by

| fi North Carolina. (Collected by Dr.

Pe esrparcrs J. W. Small.
17. aiiaee of aga plants and ferns from Brazil. (By exchange
with the a ish Museum.
5 specimens eae oaks from Staten Island, New York. (Collected by
ee hue Hollick.)
pecimens aot flowering plants and ferns from southeastern Virginia.
Cee by Mr. E. Jerome Grimes.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe

Charles B. Alexander
Vincent Astor

John W. Auchincloss
George F. Baker

Stephen Baker

Henry de Forest Baldwin

George Blumenthal
George S. Brewster
Prof. N. L. Britton
Prof. Edw. S. Bur;

Dr. Nicholas M. ae
Prof. W. H. Carpenter
Prof. C. F. Chandler
Hon. W. A. Clark

C. A. Coffin
Marin Le Brun Cooper

Rev. Dr. H. M.
Cleveland H. Dod;
Samuel W. Fairchild
Marshall Field
William = O. Fiel
James B. Ford
Henry W. de Forest
Robert W. de Forest
Childs Frick

Members of the Advisory

Mrs. George A. Armour
Mrs. Robert Bacon
Miss Elizabeth Billings
Mrs. itton

Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Prof. W.
ena Gugenisin
urry Guggen

. Amory Haskell

e a. singles
A. Hecksche!

Joseph P. Henieaey

Archer M. eee

Adrian Ise’

Dr. = as B. James
saat Tt
Otto H

Prof. aes Kemp

Kenneth a Mackenzie
is Everit Macy
Edgar L. ee
W. J. Matheson
George McAnen:
John L. Merrill
Ogden Mills
Hon. _ Ogden L. Mills

. Mor
Fr lors R Newbold

Mrs. Agee Kane

Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel

Mrs. Be ees. Lee
rs. A. A. Low

Cv. Event Macy

. Pierre Mali

s. Henry Marquand

. Harold I. Pra

Mrs. William A

rs. George W. Perkin

Mrs. Wm. ron ae sia
ead

Eben E. Olcott
Prof. Henry F. Osborn

Ira
Hon. eaters Prall
Charles F. Rand

Johnston L. Redmond

ae D. Rockefeller

mlen Roosevelt

ne H. H. Rusby
Be Reginald H. Sayre

Schiff

Frederick Strauss
F. K. Sturgis

Grenville L. Winthrop
Council

Mrs. James Roosevelt
n B. Sloan

de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Advisory iia

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman
Mrs. John I. Kane

Mrs. Jas.

Miss ae 4 P. Skee

PUBLICATIONS OF

The New York k Botanical Gardenia

Journal of the New York Botanical ties ernn monthly, illustrated, ipa ;

ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interes x Free 0 all
members of the ecard a others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00
in its twe

Mycologia, anche! illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to
fungi, including lichens; containing technical articles and news and notes of

general tntceee, and an index a Me eat American mycological ae
$4.00 a year; single ponies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.]
its fifte enth volu

1]
popular descriptions - ‘flowering spe eight plates in each number, ee
two in each volume. Subscription Brice, vy 10.00 a year. Not offered in
exchange.] Now in its eighth volum
Bulletin of the New York Bataaical: Gea containing the annual reports
of the Director-in-Chief and other official do ieee ts, and technical articles

cubed results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all
members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per Sau Now in its twelfth
volume.

N merican Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America,

ncluding Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be
ae n 34 volumes. oy. 8vo, Each volume to consist of four or more

parts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate
parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exciarze |
, part I, 1910. Nectri t

ol. 6, pi pars).
Vol. 7, parts 1-8, ere aiay: Cede ane ae (pars). (Parts
separ
‘ol. 9 (now complete), parts nt 7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no pnget sold separately.)
Vol. 10, parts I-3, 1914-1917. Agaricaceae (pai
Vol. 14, part I, 1923. pu een Marchantiaceae
I arts

Vol. 24, parts I-3, 1919-1923. Fabaceae ees
Vol. 25, parts 1-3, 1907-1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae
cea

. An Anpewated Gatabinie of "the E inet of Montana aha the Yellow-
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix 2 pp., with detailed map. 1900
Vol. II. The iiuene ce of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Develop-
ment, by D. ougal. xvi -+ 320 pp., with 176 Fares 1903.
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Contes Remains fro! m Kreischerville,
New bites by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates.

Vol. V. Flora on the Wein a New Yor a Conesned to Plant

Geography, by Nor: aylor. vi + 683 fr - with 9 plates. 191

Vol. VI. Papers presented at the ‘Coleteniad of the Twentieth Anniversary
of the New Vor! Botanical Garden. viii + 594 pp., with 43 plates and many
text figures.

191
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from
journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume.
n the tenth volume.
NEW YORK peelahan pies GARD)
nx Park, New = City

oe”

,

Vol. XXIV October, 1923 No. 286

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director

CONTENTS
Green Deserts and Dead Gardens................02 000 e eee eeeeeee 193
Public Lectures during October...............0. 0000s cece ee eee eee 247
Public Lectures during November.............-..-. 0-00-00 e sees 247
SCE MR I ENE ME ci sie ele Sse cele ude dn ar cde tees sea sieidigins 248

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

LANCASTER, Pa.

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1923

PRESIDENT—FREDERIC S. LEE

VicE-PRESIDENTS I ey RY oR te
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRIL

ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS See ae MORRIS
HENRY W. DeFOREST FREDERIC R. NE WBOLD
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOM

Term expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH ee

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSEY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE qiaron OF THE City or New York
eee e ipurte
THE RE OF TI NT OF PuBLic Parks
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC ore eae

PROF. HAR Chaii
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER DR "FREDERIC § oe
PROF. way J. GIES Hi GEORGE JR
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS

PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

GARDEN STAFF

R. N. L, BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
R. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration)

. SEA
ROBERT S. ee IAMS Berkel ss Pid
P. ILSON, vi ona Curt
JAMES A. CRAWFORD,
DR. A. B. STOUT, ari a the Labor
DR. Ha HENDLEY BARNHART, Diblicghepher
NETH R. Aen Head Gardener
ae a Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, ay | Curator of the Economic Collections
spomuie el G. BRITTON, Honored) Curator of Mosses
Beau HOLLICK, P botanist
Re DENSLOW, pets: Custodian
con SCHILLI NG, Museum ce ne a
GHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape E
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and "deccountant
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, 4.

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. XXIV October, 1923 No. 286

GREEN DESERTS AND DEAD GARDENS
A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN THE SPRING OF 1921

Floristics follow the Flag! Shall we add that this is not a
, but a confession? Over half a century ago, while the

“closet botany’ for the formerly re popu field work
Whatever the causes, t ora and floristics of the Pacific side
of the Nor merican Continent are consi by many—

ta
ists, apparently—they are better pleased, like their predecessors
of yesterday, to browse among the vast floras of fields afar, than

partake of the white man’s civilization has been the last of
our states to have its flora thoroughly collected a studied.

193

194

In continuation of the Se of hasanalies plant-
mal

covering of the Peninsular State, Mrs 1 and the writer
left New York 1p barat about . éad ee eer 1921
followin li and notes, made possible ees

g
the interest of Mr. Ch arles Deering, indicates our activities
during about four weeks of field work.

The winter had been comparatively mild, nevertheless
oe had assu Eee - usual winter’s rest and at the North
the landscape was desolate. Lawn-grass had taken on some
anes but the only green carpets outside of cultivated places

wa
political. Its vicinity is the dividing line between early seasons

indicated what appearance the marshes exhibited a half year
earlier.

ee the cultivated fruit trees, eleagae ia the etd

of the landscape with patches of white and pink, fur-
nished eee by the apple (Malus), ae pear (Pyrus),
and the Snes (Amygdalus).

Over the line, green d more in evidence, however,
by almost rae eashsany degrees, until the shrubs and trees
showed new foliage in shades of green gies as many as the
kinds of plants. The flower- Ae to ae of many kinds i wild
woody plants appeared read burst, partic nla ay those of the
dogwood (Cynoxylon), the rae Cal. the plums (Camis.
and blackberries (Rubus).

Upon reaching the ‘Sunny S aaa see for rain
had been few and far between for so: nths befor aE
outlook was more cheerful. pices Bs ‘were naa
everywhere, not only native kinds—white violets, blue violets

195

(Viola), white azaleas, pink azaleas (Azalea), haws Sega

‘ous.
The tall trees (Nyssa) in the gum-ponds were decorated with
lumps of mistletoe (Phoradendron) and festoons of Florida-

om
°o
ct
oes
oe
ae
fe
=I
[any
=i
3
oO

ne The wet or usually wet ie of the low ham-
ocks were often covered with a growth of the dwarf-palmetto

(Sabal ile the slender blue-flag (Iris ples and a white-
rayed a

Dowd oat the Georgia- Florida line the hammocks were

often quite evident. In the low pinewoods pitcher-plants
Ms ‘diftersak kinds (Sarracenia minor and S. psitiacina) came
into nd on the slightly higher land the white or pale-

m
higher elevations other flowering plants were in evidence;
two lupines of cana groups ee Nuttallii and L. ae)
often growing i mpany with a very bushy knotweed (Poly
gonella) ic the tiff wild-indigo eabioa alba) may be ee:

The extensive salt and brackish marshes near the coast
and aoe various inlets, although flowerless, were full of color, en
masse, according to the esi covering the various areas.
Thus an area of ne was Cal by the switch-grass (Spartina) ;
or of brown caused by the ont (Juncus Roemerianus) ; or of green
caused either by the cat-tail (Typha) or by the wild-rice (Zizania).

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 119; 24: 425.

196
Upon reaching the oe of- sia ’—Jacksonville—
we were joined by Dr. ard A. Kelly of Baltimore. Dr.
Kelly participated in our excursions ] the peninsula and on
the reef and devoted much of his time to the collection of lichens

flow were in ce hi ‘a nd Georgi:
pee “tr ought, very severe in Florida, had checked the

a highway built by colonial capitalists in the eighteenth century
for traffic between aa n, South Carolina, and the upper
eastern coast of Flor:

FroM JACKSONVILLE TO MIAMI

flowering i and Salad were sage en route, tae
Sai ust They

of p s (Asimina) with white or creamy flowers, the o
nee a ees ail an corolla, the ae with ae foes
etals.
aa if the eae age ae were pees Ree haa were
o her

narrow grass-like leaves, while the berlandiera, most of whose

197

relatives are in the Texano-Mexican region, often grows in
colonies and was quite showy on account of the yellow patches

The oak woods were conspicuous both on account of the even

about the same time—and their freedom fro: ccompanying
Undergnowsl: ane frequent fires have too litle “ful - har rm
the trees,

The cypress swamps, wi the water at or above — ie

showed its tem beng disks fringed with numerous
white or pinkish s, and the yellow-headed sneezeweed

xhibited ab
spruce-pine (Pinus clausa) grew on the dry elevations—it must
have its feet dry— ae: the black-pine (Pinus aes occupied

the moist depressions—it must ph as feet wi
Although we failed to find coonti (Zamia “embrose)—this
plant was one of the objects of our ene Ne t a report

region were closed, however, and we could not investigate as
we had wished to do.
areas about Sa: int Augustine, and even uncut law

r From Saint Augustine we continued southward
n the King’s Road, instead of on the Dixie Highw Little
was in bloom; but places again showe majority 0
t inguicula), bladderwort (Utri nee
arrowhead (Sagiitaria), false- Laue ey eae and floa
heart (Nymphoides)—as against th milkworts Give
nana a ), in the higher pay .
Plants of coonti (Zamia) soon bega appear in yards of
houses, and inquiries brought out the eae that the

“Big Water” (Atlantic Ocean), as our African informant put it.
Unfortunately, that region was inaccessible to us at that time.

198

In this connection it may be interesting to quote what William
Baldwin wrote while oe through the nearby coastal region
more me a century a:

“along with a sanole of starch, aie Has the root of
what appease to me to be a species of Palm at Matanzas,
30 miles south of St. Augustine. I shal Il oe oe about it
7

possession of [ea ie on dsides. e
approached the northern en ee Tae ree region a
number of heaths appeared in flower. More prominent among
them dwarf- huck leber (as ssacia dumosa), i ietterbush

cosa,
Examples of the changing of the plant-covering of the State
confronted us several t Large areas that formerly, and at

rollers of sand sometimes cove mile.
The inside ae or two are nia cGristicalty ane er ee

1 Reliquiae Baldwinianae 218. 1843.

199

from the ae ae difference being, in a way, man-made, rather
than a direct r of meteorologic action. It has been trans-

trees are stunted as a result of a very accent soil, which

is almost pure silica, and they are further worn down and spread

out by the never seeasing: action o the we from the ocean.

The growth isa but it is usually very dense,

commonly impenetrable. Mixed w ith the broad-leaved trees,
t

ma th
or wanting. An occasional aae of earheria (Garberia acai
with its clustered heads of almost blue flowers, and
the naturalized phlox (Phlox Drummondit) enlivened fe i d-

scape.

Daytona was achieved about sundown. Early the following

morning we hastened on to New Smyrna with the celebrated
t da

may here deserve hipaa

-Arqunod Surpunosins ey} Jo asoy} 0} usia10} Ayjoym adA} & jo ase suapprur
aq} jo sonsiioy ayy, ‘suorednsc0 aarssazons Jo aalyesrpur ‘sauoq pue ‘sayse ‘[eoo1eys ‘snumny ‘s|[ays jo eyesjs SMOYs JASSUT
eYL uyxe oureoaq AJuappns Avy} uayM Arnquao YIgi ayy jo yed Ajsea aq} se SIE] SB UOIarI Jey} UI BAI}Oe alam soUTsIIOGE
SUL “3 pling 02 pair i yaad Aueur yng ‘Ainjuad YIQI ay} ul Ajiea UPZaq AsOJsIY Papsodal sj] *sUOTJeULIOY
a1gojoas [eroyryse aye] Aaa ay} JO uo pue ‘eouAWY ul uappru-uaysITy ysaysly pue pazeiqajas jsour sy T—"punoyy a} L,

200

201

w Smyrna is Hue ona ee shelly ae oe midden],

en miles above the an to} i hi a thirty
miles North of Cape Canaveral, L s re about
nm years ag veyor r r precincts of
the colony, where there was neither habitation nor cleared field
t was then a range grove, upper or So TO-
ontory ridge, nearly half a mile wide, and stretching North
about forty miles, to the h of the North bran the Mus-
quito, to w Tomoko river unites with it, nearly parallel
o the sea coast, ot above t iles acr the se
beach. All this ridge was then one entire orange grove, with
ive oaks, magnolias, palms, red bays, and others: I observed
then, near wher myma now stands, a spacious India:
mount aaa whi ood near the banks of the river
the avenue ran on a strait line back, through the groves, across

. ridge, an erence at the verge of natural savannas and
onds.

Pe accuracy of William Bartram’ s reference to the existence
of large orange-groves in that is sometimes questioned.

pondence of William Baldwin written fifty years later, for
example:

“The evening proving squally, we were unable to recross
Matanza river; and took up our abode for the night, in the
ancient and ve venerable fabric erected by the old Fish, who was

the original proprietor of the Island. He was a native of Flat-

ush, in tl tate of New York, and made improvements which
have hardly been exceeded i y part e Province. Here
are the remains of per! the most celebrated Orange Grove
in the wi . Some trees oe remain that are 30 feet in ee —
and still retain a portion of their Sere ie ut all is now
in ee ‘wo generations have passe

ms

this plantation we again took of nee tacks on board,

and ed this (Tomoko) river on the evening of the third

ay,—s50 miles southerly of St. Augustine. The land, I find,
tility a:

,
1 William Bartram, ate through North and South Carolina, Georgia,
East and West Florida. 14: 1792.

spontaneous of Orange trees—principally ified “Ditter
sweet” (Geville) loaded with fruit in high perfection, and a
spe

remains of Indian towns, shows that they have been once well
inhabited.’

Through the interest of Mrs. Henry Berger and Professor
Henry C Beardslee we were soon pen ea and headed down
Mosquito ee op a SuIvey of are Mound, and as far as
we know the first 0 visit this unique kitchen-
midden—a 2 poi of interest which a been well known for many
generatio:

urruque, eens ed on a map about the beginning of the six-
teenth century, is the oldest name for Turtle Mound. It also
has other names—Mount Belvedere ee The Rock (1769),
Mount Tucker (1796), ie ate (18

The governor of Florida the early hae of the sixteenth
s Pedro d arra hi

hill the Indians of cacao launch the canoes to go to sea.’
1 Reliquiae Bald

2 An Account of East Florida ae _ ‘1881. Original published in

1765
2 Janette Thurber Connor, New Smyrna News, March 25, 1921.

203

Turtle Mound is built up on the lagoon shore of the barrier
dunes. In fact, it arises abruptly to a height said to be eighty

€
dopa of the mound appe:
“It is Hive nn 7 [far too er te an palgea a composed

doubt in my mind. Some eight or ten years since

a gale in this section of the country, from the north west, whi ay

caused that portion of the mound ape os river, the steepest
a

part, to sh and Sal aan ‘ing ther ew
afterward, I took considerable pai: ee examine the face of it,
and found low as the botto ne as as I could observe,

tit:
principally of fish, but no human ones, also charcoal and beds
of ashes. ”’!

eastern side of the mound has a more gradual slope; the
und

grass. Today it supports a hammock. There are over thirty
kinds of wendy plants and perhaps twice as many herbs on

as ny etation, although the ele is pretty far north along

s largely of a tropical character—the snowberry

(Chie, hide oe (Exot ee. torchwood (Amyris), marl-

erry (Icacorea), wild-coffee (Psychotria), black-mangrove (Avi-

cn), aes nares Ove (Laguncularia), paises (Hise
phor

were al

fete and trees. Among the herbs of a a “eoica flavor were
d wild plu

Baldwin’s time. Even the Papaya (Carica) was there in its
wild state, evidently brought up the coast by migratory birds.
The citrus fruits were represented by the wild orange in all
stages pe owth, from old trees down to seedlings a year old.
The ise herb near the top of the mound was a usually

1D. G. Brinton, Notes on the Floridian Peninsula 78. 1859.

204

little nettle (Urtica chamaedryotdes). There it was a widely
ranching plant growing up to four or five feet
: di

d comm:

the east, the coastal dunes raeueee ae and south, and the
aris and the mainland to t into the distant

nds.

ree a ae faethe the eile quotation we read:

ittl x been paid to the natural history

of 2 oe Peeaaal ae Teast by Americans.” (Written in
1859

t years the iene to Turtle Mound is said to have

sealed that we put it in our = of dead gardens. However,
ear later we learned that some public- ae nee had
succeeded in rescuing aie mound and intended to preserve it

When the day was too eee a for further collecting we re-
turned to Daytona, and the following morning resumed our
southward course, by starting out over the coastal sand-dunes
towards Mosquito Inlet.

The dunes were more desolate- looking than usual. However,

were rampant. An occasional small pat ms es open ham:

even a sand-bank was a mass of color, yellow ae by
partridge-pea (Chamaecrista) or blue-purple by spiderwort
(Tradescantia). The scrub-oaks had donned their new greenery,

Dow: e
early le ents of that region—the cherry-laurel Sareea
Laurocerasus). It was thoroughly at home in the hammock.

205

The dunes were green with stunted spice- -tree (Anamomis),
k

mation was an occasional bush of garberia evidently resulting
from the seeds with their fluffy pappus blown across from the
mainland. A few bushes were in owes although it was not
i min,
Although it is only a stone’s-throw across Mosquito Inlet to
the continuation of the dunes, we had to double on our route a

fa
i=”
iv)
eS
5
n=}
4
3
ro
&
a
oO
Bo
g
°
5
fo}
=
a

and then proceed to New Smyrna, whence we crossed the Hills-

boro River (Lagoon) to the coastal dunes.
ear Coronado we added another plan the naturalized
flora of Florida by finding the white sani epee (Hart-
mannia speciosa) growing on the dunes. This plant is native
Mexican regi nd in an ly migratio

sterly
through the agencies of man has finally reached the Atlantic
coast from South abace to Florida.

Our objective wa: shell-midden on the shore of Mosquito
Lagoon several hile mee of Coronado. ere we visited the
most northern station for the cactus genus aes The

s

opposite Eau Gallie, or a distance of sixty-fiv: in

ith t on the shell mound was the Hl w id -pepper
(Peperomia cumulicola). This mound represe: he southern-
most sta x this wild-pepper, which was eee over a
century ago on shell-middens at the mouth of the Saint John’s
River ach of our lately discovered new station it
on the middens of the aborigines, without exception, with whose

er of living it may hav connecte ere are sai

quantities of this -pepper on the I-mi

i wild er she dden:

mainland between Daytona and New Smyrna, but this ee
is the first known for it.on the adjacent coastal dunes.

Associated with the cactus and the wild-pepper were several
tropical shrubs and trees, some that also were found on Turtle

1For other notes on this region see Journal of The New York Botanical
arden 22: 196-198; 23: 127-128; 24:
* Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 20-21.

206

Mound. prominent among them were the torchwood
(Amyris cemifes, stopper (Eugenia axillaris), wild-lime
(Zanthoxylum Fagara), and a curious form of the snowberry
(Chiococca) which exhibited the habits of a shrub, a creeper,
a climbing vine
All these large kitchen- ii communal gardens, arti-
nd gen rodu

for much of the shell ma sterial has already been carried away,
and most of the prickly-apple and the wild-pepper plants were
hanging tops downward by the ow - iis roots over the face
of the mound that had been cut
he air-plants were in evidence oe ce Florida-moss (Dendro-
pogon), and by one of the small wild-pines (Tillandsia recurvata).

can withstand more ca areal is the Hite ie —
a tree-orchid which o and extends
northward as far as peat South Carolina.

The shore and marshy places near this midden abounded in
salt-loving plants; at least several kinds were much in evidence,
all representing the simpler dicots, except the last one cited
in the following list: samphire (Selicornia), saltwort (Batis),
sea-blite (Dondia), beach-carpet (Philoxerus), sea-purslane
(Sesuvium), marsh-hyssop (Bremia).

About a rather recently abandoned settlement the growth of
both wild and cultivated plants was rank. Several exotics had

i for its fruits, and another are’s-ear (Conringia
orientalis), a flower-garden t, and a mustard relati he
trees of the lucky-nut Soils piies a the fig (Ficus Car-
tca), formerly planted about an old dwelling, were maintaining

themselves with sree ee a a spreading into the
hammock.

Upon returning to the mainland we hastened southward and
at Oak Hill we again left the Dixie Highway and ran down a
narrow peninsula which terminates in the head of the Indian

207

River at a settlement called Allenhurst, where the Coastwise
Canal connects the Indian River with Mosquito Lagoon. A

northern geographic limit or nor it. Ina few low ances where
“ty

Cdp. illary Wal tr

beggar’s-ticks (Coreopsis), and ragwort (Senecio) were massed in
seas of yellow. ane only other color much in evidence was the
violet-blue of th Trad scantia). This ae of land
supports many excellent orange-groves, and the fruits of the
Valencias and Satsumas, when just dead ripe, ae the
best we had previously eaten. Returning to the main highway
we hastened on to Cocoa.

The eee morning found us on Mom s Island. Ther
we four ar SD Anina
which was naturalized ceveral: years ago, was not only holding
its own, but spreading. In some areas in the pinewoods the

i
the brown-pubescent undeveloped pees nd the numerous
brown catkins. Among them showy white flowers abounded in
the Mexican-po saa ee and an albino morn-

th

i i la c
of its new growth, replaced the red-cedar (Sabina silicicola) of
the Mosquito Inlet region.

The greater part of the shore line of the eastern coast of
Florida will soon be accessible. Then a study of the chromatic

208

see so to ae of the dune and lagoon vegetation from the
Saint Mary’s River to Cape Sable will be possible. It con-
stitutes one ee the many interesting problems presented by the
vegetation of Florida.

The next leg of our course extended from Cocoa to Stuart,
which is situated at the southern end of the Indian River. Our

proposed examination of the coastal dunes of Ibourne
and Malal was frustrated by the still incomplete s
of the bridge spanning the lagoon. Only casual observations

herbaceous plants ie he ackward and indifferent condition of
the agen rooted pla
We t left the ae at Hobe Sound and landed on
Jupiter nae This is a long and narrow undulating or rollin
and-dune extending from Saint Lucie Inlet to Jupiter Inlet, or
es t fifteen ee in le eng ne Our —_ = pveins showed

it to be a regio: e plant-covering
is Ba saw- “palmetto aa. with Lae or even miniature
hammocks. The growth is dense and the branches pressed down

e dunes suggest: vast green crazy-quilt e
shades of ¢g are conspicuous; they are ev
the dunes south of Jupiter, perhaps because they face a little
towards the southeast instead of to the northeast, and t re

more densely and numerously populated with tropical broad-

209

leaved shrubs and trees. This latter phenomenon may also be a
0a :

is, as far we now know, the nor aes geographic line of

pe ee plants. For example,a J,

whose slender stems run beneath an surface a the sand for a
off a

rod or more and give o: eafy branches
a of which terminates in a button- oe ree a oe ed
croton (Croton Fergusonit), whose leaves are sometimes used for
making tea; the eae (epi Haire whose sap
is very irritating to the skin; hamian nightshade

of both its purple flowers and its bright berries which are often
borne on the bushes at the same time.

Again returning to the mainland we continued our journey

ein ae only as ae as Palm Beach. Em route we en-

e dead gi The beautiful ae aie heads

eight or nine Seen ak e ean Beach had been swept by fire.

it should have done i ie season. pe
(Heliotropium Leavenworthii) attracted Ae eve pees ibnaily,

owever, there was one plant present that defied the drought
and flourished. The lavender-flowered morning-glory (Ipomoea

“s]@109 [ISSOJ ay} } } ]} MOUS S}1asul BY, “SeTPul sa OYI
dd JO a1OU! YIM ‘aoepNs paiayjeem Ajaiaur ay, ‘S[P1OD wsyxOIq PUL

wody p

3 d
‘syTays ‘pues —s[eiiaqeut payejnumooe YM 1343030} sjeioo pasueyoun ayy jo dn ying sia] “shay PPLO[ aaddn ay} Sulioj 3]
“sUOT}EULIOJ DIZOjoeS jesnyeu aalsuajxe Juava1 AraA |y} JO Bu0-—suo}SeUL!T o81e7] Aay jo uonoas y—"Aay e1A1quUIl]) UO

21

sagitiaia) has a root-system that enables it to grow equally
ell in moist mucky soil or in macadam. Here it grew in the

with a lace-work of its narrow-lobed leaves—and bore numerous
flowers with their fares. lavender corollas. We tarried but a
short time in the L and then set out for Miami,
where we arrived in the evening.

A CRUISE AMONG THE FLORIDA Keys

While we were on a three-day cruise to Lignum Vita

favored us for two oor of Steamboat Creek, which
cuts off an arm , was quite visible and wa ed

t succession of beautiful growths, more ae an we
have seen elsewhere, of aes (Thalassi a manatee-
grass (Cymodocea). We lay in Jewfish Creek i first night out
The following day brought us to Big Pine Ke ere was an
al dead calm throughout former
occasion,' the horizon was indistinguishable agai a

seaweeds, we vidence on the b Few specimens wer
floating, for those that had been broken loose before the calm
had already been carried away by the action of the tides. Four
inds of flowering plants, all resembling seaweeds in ae more
than the usual flowering pues could be seen. we
turtle-gra 5sia), manatee-grass (Cymodocea), ee
(Halodule), and halophila (Er lophi Among the prominent
hored animals were sponges, ranging from the coarse, ofte:
gigantic ‘‘loggerhead”’ to the delicate ‘‘sheepswool,’’ none,
h

owever, showing the delicate structure that is visible after they

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 54.

212

are cleaned. The corals varied from the wee “brains”
o the delicate staghorn-like forms, among which the cuttle-
es h like to hide and eject their black fluid a disturbed. The

g
ashore a! gain and examined = flora of the island as far north as

ies
The high land of the key is now pine-clad, although it was
perhaps, at one time all hammock- aed. just as the upper Flor ida
Keys are at present. Several censuses show that the herbaceous

cacti (Cephalocereus keyensis, C. Deeringii), semaphore prickly-
pear eee new s species), eae Tilion (Polygala praeter-
hre

visa), varnish-leaf bergit). Some of aia e-sinks
filled with a growth of saw-palm oe (Serenoa repens) and saw
grass (Mariscus panne abounded with the leopar d-frog?
(Rana sphenocephala). es inion were lead frequented
y alligators and crocodiles, but large a s have mostly
disappeare whit are aie “Helio sim ag phyllum)

proved an addition to the flora of the Fl
e afternoon was spent in the mock on southern

r t ha A
extension of Big Pine. The combined effects of a long drought
and the storm of the previous year did not render it as prolific
1Journal of The New York Botanical als
? Coastwise dunes and lagoons. Reprint sn Journal of The New York
Botanical Garden 20: 191-207, fonrpinee: facing
2 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: ue

213

in results as one would normally expect. Except where the

arcoal burners had made trails and clearings, the jungle was

a riot of tropical shrubs and trees, and it was almost impene-

trable, or quite impenetrable where the cacti grew abundantly.

There, woody as ak en soles to the exclusion of
e

areacienne (Conocarpus), en (Metopiu a an -
Lobi. he la

aa indigo- berry (R Th ti plant occurred
as a small tree, just as we found it in the hammocks along the
Halpatioke River! about a year before onspicuous shrub
was one 0 gbane family, the tear-shrub, Valesia glabra
botanical name t green, glossy foliage is contrasted
strongly with the clusters of white, slender, trumpet-shap
flowers and ooping, pearly, tear-like fruits
. baceous plants aside fro opical ds were st

ven the cacti were hosts for epiphytes. ese kinds of Tilla
os both small and large, and a tree orchid (Encychia pee cee
Sees a orment An mber of shrubs be fruits of

the flocks aE his chide, anes fe we ever noticed on the Florida

Reef.
In crossing the grassy plain between the hammock and t
d not

water in a course we had not before taken, we

very extensive beds of a prostrate prickly-pear. It was quit

different from any we had viously foun The loosely

articulated joints were very unequal turgid, d wit!
latively vei ng slender spin fi were present,
t the fruits—smaller than those of any of ou own species

ere m the ane of the fruits, the autumn
would seem to be its flowering se

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 154.

214

A noteworthy collection of lichens was secured from all parts
of Big Pine Key. This will be referred to under another para-
graph.
The afternoon was quite blustery, so we moved up into the
harbor of No Name Key and eas there for the night.
The last hour of daylight was uae o Name Key collecting
oo Se Ragas ome of t ea cmee Our hosts related

eir experiences in that fascinating region which
cee of the world” before the railroad was built

e Keys.
The items morning we passed around the northern end
of No Name Key and started cu ae Bay of Florida bound for
Long Key. There we collected lichens. We were surprised to

=
°
<
®
[an
°
3
ct
io}
ce
3
r
my
Oo:
om
wz
o
we
vy
=i
a
e
°
5
)
3
ou

oO
building purposes on the mainland. The key is said to be
spe eighteen feet high, the highest of the whole chain.
Salona ae : the quarry cut through ne solid
io

growth of at least a dozen herbs and shrubs. These plants
grew as luxuriantly as they usually do in good soil. They were:

215

Andropogon tenuispathis ieibes pen
Sporobolus demingensis Ipom thartic
Chloris polydactsie Calon oe

‘yperus brunneus Varronia globosa
Iresine paniculata Solanum verbascifolium
Sesuvium maritimum Morinda R

The sea- ues aae (Sesuvium maritimum) was new to the flora
of the U
e were ieee near the mangroves. Their extensive
root-systems were then the rendezvous for crayfish which were
present in great numbers. This c eae SOmietumes known as
southern lobster, is one of the ma with decided
coloring and fantastic shapes oe abound in the waters of the
lorida
corned on our course through Blackwater Sound and

soon in Card’s Sound where we anchored for the night in the
lee a Pumpkin Key.
The early morning found us in the original hammock of Key

h :
There we walked into a rat-town. The large wood-rats of the

u
they itd on t eir demesne eer

eat is situated near the upper end of Key Larg “e
ound another rich lichen field which we harves as See
vegetable entanglements were encountered. They compris

intertwined branches of the cat’s-claw (Pileuhive

216

Unguis-cati) and the devil’s claws (Pisonia aculeata). Both
pla: h many eir bark.

these plants harbored lichens on thei
m-vitae (Guiacum sanctum) was in flowe ‘he
Stead Heh a shade of deep-blue seldom met with in our flora
How e flowering plant that interested most was a
tropical » vine related our pokeweed (Phyiolacca). This vine
isa ly climber whose rope-like branches spread about the
f trees and are connected with the gr by a stout
mie ti ke stem. Th e was previou in our a

sly kno flo
only from the Ten Thousand Island region of Florida After
Pumpkin Key, Miami and headquarters were our destination:
From Mi1aMi To TEN THousAND ISLANDS

Our next excursion took us to the Ten pa eaace ane
b

it was gro in the pinewoods instead of on the coastal dunes
Otherwise the pinewoods almost bare - ept for cca-
sional dash of bright yellow made colonies of beggar’s-ticks
(Coreopsis Leavenworthit , ye tee heticeane. Uleiee bia Lea-
venworthti), unflo (Hel S lis). A t
shower = brought a littl more green to the vegetation o:

‘o show thee

of ts.
native he -century-plant (A. pneu is the next in order
as a bloomer.

217

After leaving the coast at Jupiter and heading westward, we
noticed well-developed mangroves a the first Geek -crossing
and evidently beyond the influence of salt-water

Hun: Land was not ea ower-garden it visually Al-
though the water-table could not sink far beneath the taal of
the land, its lowered position at that time had a profound effect

on the ee Few kinds o ae were in bloom. Several
showy-flow plants, however, abi (Vernonia
Blodgettit), ears pink (Subbatia pare ass-pink (Lim-
odorum Simpsonit), sometimes in the i ae tall-milk-
wort (Polygala cymosa), and showy morn ry (Ipomo

sagittata) stood out in strong contrast with si neutral-tinted

uiatum

(Chrysobalanus palaeas Hid, wl thie seems to agi its northern
ls iota limit = re, was coming into flow

Acr the Hungry Land slough, on ie hiapandh Flats,
quite a alr apt was sparingly represented by such plants.
hen in flower, as false-aster ain reticulatus), milk-pea
(Galactia ENiotti), milkwi eed (Podostigma pedicellata), white-
(Polyg

named, reached twice as one’s head. T
hemp-vine (Mikania cil) was rampant and filled the air
with its an scented fragra

Our attempt to run up the ie shore from the settlement of

e ob
in the natural packing of the sand in ie higher ae lower parts
of the prairies surrounding Lake Okeechobee is evident. That

1Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 20: 194.

218

in the higher parts packs so that it supports the tires of a motor
car, while that especially which is under water part of the year,

Ther were in a vast dead and dying garden—the Lake
een basin in the immediate vicinity of the lake. The
wreckage was overwhelmingly evident everywhere e
prairie was still a green desert truly, but the peat vegetation
—shrinking in size and area year by year as a result of fire and
drainage—was unrelieved by flowers of an ae and ee
primeval lake hammock with its humus foundation still sent up

louds of smoke from the areas that had not been destroyed in
preceding years.

After spending the night at Okeechobee City we set out for
the upper waters of the Caloosahatchee and for Fort Myers at
its mouth

The prairies east of the Kissimmee River were dry, even the
peculiar pop-ash hammock described in a former paper! was
perfectly drained, whereas the last time we crossed it there was
over a foot of water standing there. The floor of the hammock
was a das ciate Ground-covers were plentiful and exten-

a,

av
(Hemianthus), false- anal (Ilysanthes anete a), with
white and lavender flow aan (Lob elia Feayt), with
bright-blue es hid ae and from view. The most
showy shrub was a mallow ibe grandifiorus) which bears
great white or pink flowers six to eight inches wide. Large
beds of fe; erns, sae of three cieer kinds—royal-fern (s-

for an exceptional uxur! Ww"

(Pontederia cordata), lizard’s-tail Srila asaglls _
leather-fern, for the two former we s high a ea
while the fern was thrice as tall. The pens were Seen

1Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 61, 62.

219

on the pop-ash trees and some were coming into flower. Five

resemble so many blue butterflies. Two tall slender plants, the
phe aa (Polygala ena with rose-purple flowers oie

1

th ow flowers,

Bee everywhere. The fre aie Cine fires had spared some

parts, and there elders eae and tall sage-verbenas (Lan-

tana) had sprung up in the saw-palmetto islands and decorated
ti

tree (Sabal Palmetto)—where we crossed the Kissimmee River,
h , marshes, and blind channels of the st ere
completely covered or ith large aquatic plant
re water-lettuce stia), water-hyacinth (Piaropus),
spatterdock (Nymphaea), pe aoe ia f course,
there were smaller aquatics, such as eeds (Potamo ie
arrowheads (Sagittaria), and eating heart i Nymbhoides) whos

eir lea re

underground, and yet others Sas of tuberous roots in the

inflorescences, all of which enable a parent plant, should

adverse conditions conspire to destroy it, to perpetuate the
i ucti

geta 5

The Indian Prairie was dry, even to the deepest sloughs.
In the sloughs, nevertheless, the — (Cladium) and the
usually a eee Saint aie s-wort (Hypericum eke

culatum) were in flow The s eee islands had thei
accompanying, Galak jaa s-wort (H. epee: The prairie
as usual, b were in evidence.
Small Sana of purple thistle stood out in the brown-green
carpet; larger areas, cons) and even brilliant, of the rose-
purple ane (Agalinis Se made a wonderful show.
There was one ubiquitous plant, a pipewort (Syngonanthus),

220

which showed itself by millions of S erect heads of flowers,
ie ies so many white shoe-but
Here again we passed eels is dead garden spots, for

ock lea
lations had furnished fuel of the m Buea ki iy These
numerous palm-clumps, varying en a square rod to acres in

ishes on the record of man’s ‘progress.
The undamaged cabbage-tree hammocks yielded some

sembled piles of finely divided iron-rust.
Havi

of the Caloosahatchee, we headed up the northern side of the

body a tail-like ridge runs off towards the southeast, while t

slightly divergent ridges extend ey the northwest from ce

opposite side. At the time of our visit there were about thirty

different kinds of plants in evidence on the body of the mound,
It Thes

which is built up of sand. ese plants were about equally
divided iia herbaceous and woody kinds. Among the

oody Ss were one pine (Pinus palustris), two palms (Sabal
Palmetto, eu repens), one wood e vi ne Smilax Beyrichit),
and five oaks (Quercus pumila, Q. m a, Q. rtifolia, Q.
Cha ; Q geminata) he heroes plants represente
famiiles rangin all the way fr e grasses to t.

op-ash hammocks the ash t
were in Sat and the eee of winged ane often seemed to
rival the leaves in numbers. ne more common mixed hammocks
were made up mainly of oa nia ial sa Q. nigra),

4 rubrum

a growth of the air-plant (T ee tenutfolia), which was
nei ae noticeable on account of its dark-red foliage. The
only conspicuous flowering herb on the way to La Belle was

221

the southern beard-tongue (Penstemon multiflorus), ‘e oe

nt, as are most of the beard-tongues, particular of
those west of the Mississippi River, w enus is iron

From Belle we drove direct to Fort Myers, and the next
morning we set out e Tho slan Ce)

campanulaia) pla m.
color, as a result of quantities ae oo aici Leaven-
worthii). In the low parts and in ditches close ground-covers

<
>
=
o
5
°
ct
>
o
tad
=
“<
oe
eS
s
a
ica
o
=o
°
)
3
+

anting. Scattered among the ground-
covers were red-topped rush (Juncus), a purple-foxglove
(Agalinis), a purple thistle (Cirsium), and a purple-blue obedi-
ent-flow a racocephalum).

From Fort Myers to Naples pinelands nea arees but they
are sean by areas of “scrub” or “ ” Some of these
are Ses the presence o he pland willow-oak

ct her: anti,
nes still ee yy the dwarf-oak (Quercus ia.

spruce-pine (Pinus neon a the scrub-oaks i _met wi
v s. At Na

comprising all four of the ieee ae es pra tins

e white (Laguncularia), the black (Avicennia), and the button
(Conocarpus). These associations are dove-tailed together, as
it were

A third attempt to get into the Royal Palm Hammocks back
of Marco was frustrated by the depth of the dry sand, but we
managed to advance to within a mile of them.' The marshes

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 59; 23: 144.

along Tamiami Trail were qui There were great ceria
of Gickihon (Bumelia pend the fragrance of whos
flowers somewhat resembles that of the saw- -palmetto and like.

i d southward to Caxambas among the great
sand-hills facing Caxambas Pass, just at sundown. C bas,
h was not our destination, = it Ales aie end of motor-
car possibilities. We once sec rvices of ]
br arry us to th stement of ie glade, which
is twenty-odd miles further down the c We to
wait until wares for the trip, as a few i urs’ rest was welcome
as a change from the undue exercise of the day in getting our
motor-car pane miles of deep s. , too, |.

enchanting view over the settlement of C s, the Gulf,

islands, and the mainland. In the settlement bet the

sand-hills and the er stands a beautiful grove of coconu

he trees were planted there in 1886 a rm most

northern hardy coconut palm grove on the western seen coast.
us at Everglade; the settlement con of a

general store and a few houses strung out along the pie of

is rani now lsc Allen vee oe is high ground
ar the mouth of the riv: ee apidly slop ff int h

a a ee upst: The sett t dates f 1866 and

: is said the early eles were fugitives from justice. The

rst I ndians, ssi the os minole war times, a alee there in

mporary

Indian. settlements pean the surrounding cou ae
We ascended the river to its source. The ae are mostly
ceeds -lined. As the stream |
dand forma tunnel. For some unexplained reason,
along the upper reaches of the river, the red-mangroves get smaller

223

while the black-mangrov es grow larger. That we were getting

th look indicated, we t have been a thousand
miles from anywhere, bu met an ox-team carrying a sur-
veyor’s outfit, and we were on the very line of that part of the

proposed Tamiami Trail, which pels is planned to connect
Miami with Tampa, when it is fini.

However, all the outlook was not ae fori in all directions,

S

tions. Som the plant-associations e permanently de-
oe for fe areas would never be ee d by the same
vegetation.
Various kinds of woody vegetation were es 7 = distant
he and”

landscape. The composition of each ‘‘head” o of
trees could be recognized at the distance of eee) es Thus,
ae ana cypress, an boob ties green

We hastened over ee prairie to the point ee cypress, which
a ham

mock composed of a mixture of shrubs an’ se trees, some character-
istic of northern climes, others of souther:

This point of cypress was the type feel for arbores-
cens2 It was discovered there in the spring of 1888 by the late
Pliny W. Reasoner.2 We were not long in See ae very trees

1 Natural History 20: 488-500.

2 Journal of The New York Boal Garden I-70.

3 Pliny Ward Reasoner was born May 6, 1863, at aan Illinois, ohh
he received his education as at an early ag ae came interested in bot:
and horticulture. About 3 he went to Florida, establishing the re ie
Palm Nurseries at Oneco, aioe: in 1885 ae a es with his brother,

224

from which the type specimens were taken. The palms were
not in flower, but otherwise they are identical with Paurotis
Wriehtis. Of course, the palm is not a Serenoa and the plants

a
“9
mm
9
a
o
vc}
@
°
og
4
5
z,
fe)
Be
o
ou.
—
g. 2
og
3
3)
ins
ie}
oa
a
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io}
a
ct
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o
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og
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ia

ei
oe of this palm are correct. In other words, ‘“ Serenoa
baa ns’’ was not discovered near Chokoloskee River

in the Royal Palm Hammock; but was first collected in a
ae o ss mentioned nor a ees midway between
the two stations cited above which are twenty-odd miles distant
from is true, however, that t were three

killed in that region during Se $ result cold
weather, for the palms occupy considerable territory; besides
the Ro Im Hammock there is the hn ee Cypre'

through whi ey w for a distance of about fifteen miles

re
That the royal palm was formerly more abundantly widespread
in Florida is evident, for William Bartram? found trees growing

soner, under the name of Reasoner Bros. He was hort icultural
le

1888; and he was be ely known a: 'vato
tropical plants ane a contributor 7 horticultural “erature a an attack
a

terminat

He died at sae Florida Se 17, 1 888.—John Hendley Bar nha rt.
The nce of an undescribed palm on the Chockoloskee

i i out

we
American botanist, He accompanied his father to Florida in 1765, insisted
ini and ee as a planter on the St. Haas s Rive:
he stayed about two years. 1772 2 he began the extensive journey in the
boners Georgia —_ Frida, Teported i in “his published ae rave! Is, ” He
J. H. B.

225
in northern peninsular Florida in the latter half of poe eighteenth
how

e Indian not returning this morning, I set sail alone.

The coasts on each side of the Saint fl ohn’s River between
ae George oa De ae had much the same appearance
to be of a

green plumed leav have measured the stem of these plac:
eae feet in Tength, 1 oan the plume, which is nearly of the
e length.’

uspected that these trees were killed during the severe

cold oa of the thirties of the last century, or earlier. The

object of our ioe being accomplished, we returned to Everglade
for the nig!

Our next oe e was Deep Lake, Dae lies in the w. aan

A worn-out tramway

largely upon the width of the sloping periphery of the lake shore
or the area which is kept moist enough to repel the fires of the
1 Travels ae North and South Carolina, Georgia and East and West

Florida. 113, 1 1792.
? Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 203-205.

“Juasayip ayinb are sjszo2 OM} ay} Jo suoljeosse juE(d
Sig ayi jo esoy ayy «= ‘stueyd aatzeu
do ‘sajouttag jo Ajmmey pure aryig

SUL E J r t
PPO-4341Y} sure}U0D Bolpaws-eysayeu 5, ana aisof * a8yesynuey] ay? jo ‘aouejied uerpuy ut
atsof ,,10}90q,,, pue Ajay] "y premoyy Jopoq ‘aevuosiag

‘aye daaq eeu puesjs ssaidAs y—‘durems ssaidAD BIg ay} uy

227

surrounding aes or oa The Deep Lake hammock is

extensive, cove es. It must — been the rendez-
vous of wild life. especially birds mmals, while the
aborigines held the country. Today the nas is a vast aquarium

abounding in fish pe in ee aa may be seen floating
at the surface of the water
The few miles Hee the coast-region makes quite a difference

snowberry (Chiococca), the gue (Guilandina), and the

cat’s-claw (Pithecolobium). The arboreous constituents of the

Deep Lake hammock are the swamp-bay (Tamala), pop-ash

a eis (Svida), mulberry (Morus), and maple aude
The flor the prairie and pinelands intervening betw

the coast- -region and Dee Lake naturally is quite distinct. a

(Limodorum) wi very plentiful. The greenish-milkwort
eae is ae discovered on the opposite side of the
peninsula, filled the low places. The eryngo (Eryngium synchae-

leafy plant, one to three feet tall, with yellow flowers about
three- — of an inch in diameter—the largest of our eastern
yellow-flax
Midway on Everglade and Deep Lake we encountered
a large Indian camp. Here we met Josie Billie, the locally
em

elly of the white men and “Doctor” Josie Billie of the red

men met for the first time on the wild frontier between the
white and the red civilizations.

hen we returned to Eyes we found the mail en
waiting to carry us back to Caxambas, which was reached i
due time. There we aie for our collections and in the morning
set out for Fort Myer:

e great dunes oe Cxaibas are worthy of especial eee

The

en rank; it
Sloces ces trees are Dalles but formed into a perfect entanglement

228

by the viciously armed cacti,—dildo th ) and prickly-

pears (Opuntia)—as well as numerous rigid shrubs and centu

plants (Agave decipiens), which frequently grew densely leafy
fe

(Smilax ce An annual herb, Palafoxia Feayi, thrived
pase! the barren sand, the plants as frequently
twelve alice feet tall and partly woody as well.

oody covering of the dunes is a ron re of maritime
and valend propia and temperate elements, as the following
short list will show
Tropical ee

Strangling-fig (Ficus aurea)
a

Snowbe fy (Cua alba
Maritime a

a
z cipiens)
Bay-leaved ee -tree (Cappers cynophallophora)
maica caper-tree (Capparis jamaicensis)
sa)

Saffron-plum (Bumelia Gngusifole)
Temperate element:
Chapman’s-oak (Ou wercus Chapmanit)

Swamp-bay (Tamala pubescens)
The natural structure of the area comprising Marco Island
and Caxambas Island is is of three ea as it were—
the northern end a mangrove swamp before i s filled in to

southern end almost mountainous sand-dunes, as already noted
above, and elsewhere.1 The dune portion, really Caxambas

‘Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 142-144.

229

Island, is nearly or quite separated from the rest by a mangrove
swamp. Just why those great dunes should have been piled up
with all the land about them only a few feet above tide-level is
a myster

Curiously enough, we found the ee “pear cna
which is on t Caxambas dunes

$ soon ossi
haste towards oe ae stopping only for casual observations

ol

ich we lar iis subsisted. e reached Fort Myers abou
noon and mee immediately set out for La Belle, for the follow-
This region, so named by the Indians who used to live ae
lies far beyond civilization south of Lake Hicpochee and abou
thirty miles southeast of La Belle.

In the morning we were joined by our friend Dick Currey,
who was raised with the Indians in the Devil’s Garden, and who,

ne more of a
than the thing for which it was supposed to function. However,

e ally a
and nine miles ee by pinewoods. In it ever-

slaughtered the game upon which the Indian was dependent
for se

The wide prairies were bedecked with white and various-
colored eee a to dark rose-purple. The white-heliotrope

230

), the pale milkwort (Polygala Carteri),
the rep lobelia ace paludosa), the yellow-eyed grass (X ee
bigua), the rose-purple foxglove (Agalinis a
eradene Fe (Dracocephalum hesauele m), all oc eee in
large colonies. The largest flowered oe was ihe ailesion lily

T

the perianth forming one star, with the staminal crown and

mocks n t

ents, live-oaks (Quercus virginiana), pop-ash (Fraxinus carolini-

ana), bas (Salix amphibia), cabbage-tree (Sabal Palmetto),
d m to our surprise, trema (Trema floridana

pene with these scattered ha mmocks were elaads of

=

0:
and the cabbage-tree. The abundant fruits of thes o palms
and the acorns of the live-oak often furnish the main ee supply
of the wild hogs of the region.

In the heart of the Garden the hammocks were quite cei
X. of the large hammocks

1 e make-up

particularly note bout twent s and nie
were pro ntly rep ted. Two trees, guav. at

Guajava) and le Citrus limonum), we turalized exotics,
perhaps introduced generations agi aborigines. There
were two kinds of oaks (Quercus virginia our
trees (Celtis, Tamala, Morus, Sageretia) represented genera
characteristic of temperate latitudes. Co: to all expecta-
tions, more than a dozen kinds of ieee shrubs and trees
formed the bulk of the h for example, satin-leaf

Nee heh a gumbo-limbo ‘Blaphrium),. iow wood (Xi-

(Icacorea), nuk (Anamomis), ood = (Ocot
myrs (Rapanea), eats eee Co oe ‘Strangling
‘icus) on any interesting features suggested by
above list, two stand out promine dia had He

previously been found on the Florida mainland. It is note-
worthy that not only all the plants of the tropical list, but every
pale and tree noted, bear fleshy fruits. The fruits of all are
n by birds. Perhaps this rather highly specialized min
ee area was in former times a natural bird ie

231

ary, and the present berry-bearing shrubs are the descendants

was g
wk ine ar ae oo of the habitat of the sponsor
for the n egio

ae a rapid survey a the Devil’s Garden ng a circuitous
route oa reached La Belle just after sundown. Then w
rearranged our cargo of snakes, plants, and aieaianssus

da
Early the next morning we ane on a bee-line for Arcadia

Thus our proposed course lay across a eee ‘separating
the Caloosahatchee from the Pease River. The r d
b

The lee at length of some of these was due not to actual length,
but to the overlapping of the ends of short hammocks, all of
a. fused in the pay
High hammocks are mes Susie kind of wood
re

majority, but usually are aaa a eae Thus we

urnuUm a). i
nei ieee — and button-bush

n an
buvtrecsed: trunks of these various trees and shru

232

Nowhere was the sandy soil of these sebaae exposed.
Ground-covers carpeted everywhere. In some places, in the
higher parts, a fine-stemmed spike-rush (Bleocharis) made a
vivid ais carpet, in other places a deep green carpet was
formed by a dense growth of marsh-purslane (Isnardia), while
here and there the more delicate and brighter green mud-carpet
(Hemianthus) grew exclusively.

In the lower parts of the hammocks, where water stands

i

of Amblystegium, in other places by a fernwort—Azolla caro-
liniana.
Both these plants lay matted on the sand ready to float as
ae . ae we would fill the depressions. Anchored in the
mong these plant carpets was the spatterdock
ae. oa not ait its delicate submerged leaves devel-

Wi y
We noticed the gray-polypody (Polypodium), the Florida-moss
(remtropeson); four kinds > Be -pines ia) and many
-orchid (Encyclia tampensis).

In some regions the hiohiee areas of the prairies were islands
of pineland instead of hammock. Still farther north the small

crest of the water-shed, if such apparently flat country can be
st, mi airi rs appeared.

parently meadow-
(Rhexia Moriana), and _black- ae (Mecardonia acuminata).
Large areas, au were awe in a way, even where ee.
flowers were absent, by the iads of inflorescences of a
topped nut-rush ene a red-topped rush ee
and the black-topped broom-rush (Schoenus). In addition, a

233

peculiar green effect was produced by the odd one-sided spikes
of toothache-grass (Campulosus).
During the sae thunder storms appeared in different
the cts gave ma

ere
replaced alon a the stream by another species of the same genus
owy arrow-wood (V. nudum

oon as oie Mes shee we headed northward, with
Zolfo Springs and Avon Park as our aie Ze the Arcadia
region and northward, naturalized herbs a _—red-peppers
(Capsicum), and sneeze-weed (Helenium aie? lium). The
observations on meee love ere brought to mind ie fact mee

of the
the lemon, the orange, the guava! All the way to Avon Park,
where we arrived just after sundown, a native composite,
= ubi

oeia Reha e Kissimmee ae 7 floristics of
egions are sharply defined: e flat-woods,
is <i ete specialized and least interesting a all the floral
regions; the other, the southern end of the lake-region, is the
most specialized and the most interesting.
efo: ting out for the coast, we devoted some
time to exploring the ancient sand-dunes north, east, and south
of L kson. It is, botanically, a fascinating region. It is
distinctive, rather different from any other area in the State
of a semi-desert. The nd is dee

n
areas barren sand, it is composed of numerous genera and
species, many of them endemic.
Nea ne ae of one of the dunes we found a sphagnum bog.
bush Caineriod ade
wax-myrtle (Cerothamnus), Swanipoa0 (Tamala), and dah

234

(Ilex), all often ie into an Lalmnost imipassible enianelement
y the horse-brier Th
and Caiclnahe grass (Xyris) grew in the sphagnum with leaves
d. Scru

‘ - ory u
Sas is most abundant arboreous vegetation, although
meee - titi (Cyrilla, new species), ie nie in that region
several years ago, was found growing in two forms, the one with
ne reid poset the other with slender since vine-like
al

surprised to find ae te toad vine oo Pes-

were
ae in the heart of ne penins 1entioned
its occurrence away from its ee saline habiee on a pre-
ceding page, and some years ago we d it on the shores of the

saline influence, but also away from the water. The spruce-pine
(Pinus clausa , apparently, wholly wanting; it: ce in
the plant ring seemed to b en by the turkey-oak or

sericeus), with white flowers only about a quarter of an incl

wide.
Two plants were present that made one think of the arid
s; the

Although the general drought already referred to was by
eans br the freshened leaves of the ee
(Polypodium Solypedinilss), which leads an uncertain existence

1 American Museum Journal 18:
2 Journal of The New York Eat Garden 22: 37-39; 23: 146-148.

235

some of the scrubby inal indicated a very recent rain-
neni although one would not have suspected it from the

eon (Ruellia), whose large funnelform corollas remain
e plant about half a day and then fall and lie on the white

oa for the rest of the day.
Instead of crossing the dunes lying between Lake Jackson

the wheels usually sank up to the hubs. This ddiay greatly

reduced our opportunity for collecting in the adjacent pinewoods

and on the Istokpoga and Okeechobee Prairies. The afternoon
d

On the way to Okeechobee City, the first settlement to the
eastward, we noticed but few flowers in the pinewoods. Most
of them were shades of yellow, St. John’s-wort (Hypericum),
yellow-buttons (Acanibas bern, bladder-wort (Stomoisia),

p
higher eer a tall one (H. fasciculatum) in the low places; a
pa ae (Sabhatio arondifore) struggled for existence here
d ther ry s was, however, one plant
ent in ee faa nena normal in spite of ony
drought, just as it had been nearly everywhere we had bee
Saar of geology, Seaty altitude, and pee Ge
vegetable hat-pin, each of which is stuck in a cushion of densely
placed narrow leaves, a pipewort SS sidan flaviculus).

We passed through a strip of hitherto u orded ‘‘scrub”
west of the Kissimmee River and then came . oe hammocks
bordering the western shore of the river. The button-bush
(Cephalanthus) was there in flower and the bushes were mostly

236

d a copious growth of the tropical wild-hempvine
(Mikania cordifolia), which was profusely decorated with
clusters of fragrant flower-heads. We soon penetrated the
pinewood that came close to the eastern shore of the Kissimmee
and emerged on the Okeechobee Prairie. Then the question
that often aes ” us was brought to mind again: Why
are prairies? nsw

Again there is an area of pine trees about Okeechobee City

rr ages, protected by giant trees both fro rom an
depleting effects of much herbaceous gr he arboreous
growth was too dense for much herbaceous vegetation to thri
are removed and herbs get a cl ;

hen the trees ance to grow
they luxuriate and we find small forests of thistles (Cirsium)
twice as high as one’s head, forests of poke- weed ues ues ve
high. This hammock is the home of the moon
which is so rampant that it smothers whatever aver it over-
Its almost luminous myriads of corollas at night set
against the dark green leaves form a sight at once weird and

The fliewiag morning we drove down through the pinewoods
nas the lake hammock several miles distant, passing
the of Zachary Taylo lor’s celebrated encounter with the

then

greenish flowers and numerous small orange or red fruits (P.
Sulzneri).
On the way down the eastern coast the advantage of the fire-
resisting shrubs and idee i. @., those with horizontal under-
round stems, over with merely taproots, was evident.
The former showed a pee and less loss of leaves than the

237

latter. Plants like the gopher-apple (Geobalanus) and the milk-
worts (Polygaia) exhibited no effects of the long drought.

From MIAMI TO CAPE SABLE

At Kelsey City our party was augmented for several days

by Fannie C We reached Miami in the evening and the
next ni t out for the Cape Sable region by land. For
the distance of twenty-odd miles south Royal Palm

ammock a ey there is almost flat prairie. Its
principal herbaceous growth is saw-grass (Mariscus). There

ofte scattered growth of -cypress (Taxodium) and of
red-mangrove (Rhizophora) and scattered cks

of a mixture of temperate and tropical trees. Several of these
hammocks, which are flooded part of each year, harbor a kind
of alia that occurs owners cx in ae aa

I

nand

trees ee and saw-palmetto Roe These palms
abundan ut half wa 1

is taken by the beautiful saw-cabbage palm (Paurotis),! a plant
of very different habit and aspect from any other of our fourteen
kinds of palms.

About West Lake where the road crosses from Dade County

nto Monroe County, maritime plants abound-—sea-oxeye
cine arborescens), ealewoik (Batis maritima), together with
‘Christmas-berry (Lyctum carolinianum) and a score of other

shrubs an herbs. There we discovered the little sea-purslane

(Sesuvium maritimum)—an addition to the flora of the Florida

mainland. Blodgett’s potato-shrub (Solanum Blodgettit), which

a little further inland grows knee-high, there grew nearly twice

s head and was laden with its pink flowers and
um) gr

e n
fluffy cotton often hung loosely and fell to the ground.

e hi land and the proximity to the Bay of Florida was
indicated by ae presence of many mahogany trees (Swietenia)
and other high hammock plants.

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 61-70.

AL ay} JO FIUNT usdSyqI Nos ayy “syeues.

APATIV yeUTSIIOGe YONU SEM stot} ose salinjuay

ayy uo Arsaqdeos ‘}4811 oy} UO SAOISZURUI-JPYM—
‘uorsar ajqes edeD 343 UT

; ‘goueystp ay} ut uses aq Aeul spu®[sy puvsnoyy wu
pue ‘spunour yernq ‘suappru-ueyoiry ‘spunout Aq paoueplae s] se e1044
‘apt} aAoqe af}H] Inq peyeagya st pue jie :
syoowuey Aq payxuey sie pue UMOp MOIT

ut JO SI uorgar ayo aul "Vy2]
eu ade [semyLION jo yoeq satsrerd ysea ay} e194 —

239

In both the high hammock and the low hammock vines were

nt different kinds were abundant; hippocratea
(Hippocratea), morning-glory oea), moon: r (Cal =
tion), rubber. (Rhabdadenia), mil vine (Philaberielia),

a d devil caw (Pssonia)- The SS were so dense

very slow and 1 laborious,
and additional trouble was added in a“ low hammocks by the
ever-present, often epiphytic, cacti, dildo (Acanthocereus),

n the
high hammocks and the low hammocks were beginning to

bears broad smooth leaves, in texture fen sole-leather,
a flo Ger stlk eight feet long or les:
h

side of the State, os has a single fragrant flower with green
sepals on each sca

Here it may be is interest to refer briefly to two specialties
of the excursion

Dr. Kelly, driven by an old penchant, was continually looking

The two more closely related branches of the animal econ
are particular friends of vegetation. The one, nature’s most

° , nature’s most graceful creatures of land—
st universally shunned animals ectively, birds and
snak stroy ny other ki f animals whose

methods of life are inimical to plants and which, in some cases,
if uncontrolled, would prove fatal to their existence.

240

The climate of Florida is in every way admirably adapted
to snake-life; there is an abundance of water, moisture, pro-
foo

ctive vegetation and geology, and fo ater-snakes
especially abound; in the genera Natrix and Seminairix, which
contain fifteen species all told, eight occur in Florida here

r ;
also we find the huge diamond-back rattlesnake, and there, too,
Out of

Ys
about one hundred and fifty-four species of serpents known to
orth A: -five occur

e di d
n the field, as sahe season was backward, ne here and ther

a.
life that the tourist season passes before nature fully awakens
i s rest. In alm

om the win S n al 1 esh-water w
snakes of the genus Natrix, species not identified, but resembling
our northern water-snake (Natrix sipedon) he forty-
five native species, fourtee! ured alive

e wey
who reports that: One is impressed with the great number of
bark-inhabiting, especially bark-encrusting, lichens. Of course,
not mean that a great many more of other kinds are

a

i
crustose, and the percentage will a even mes when all the

st
in quantity, but all the specimens were sterile. It seems
probable that fruited specimens are not to be found in Florida.

241
leasant surprise was a small bit of Dictyonema sericeum.
Iti
r!

is not large, and it has the appearance of having grown under
rather unfavorable conditions.

What an in teresting conflict is etna on many of the pieces

of bark, especially on those from the Florida Keys. Ona small

ecie:
o neue of Arthonia are most ae ntly te con tetas,
a meet, to find in among aie a ey ora ees

or a Buellia. fact, there is no assurance of what eee on

ther
Sometimes they are so hopelessly penne that it is impossible
to tell their exact boundaries, or whether some of the fruits are
thalli.

As already stated, there still remains much work to be done,
for which reason any report now given would be only einai
et it is of much importance and highly interesting to note that

A onia a
is, Lecanora, Leptogium, Ocellularia, Opegrapha, Parmelia,
eis Pyxine, Ramalina, and Trypethelium

From MIAMI To THE SAInT Mary’s RIVER

fter several days’ study in the cactus plantation at Buena
Vista and in the collections at Cutler, we started up the eastern

snowberry (Chiococca) growing as an erec rub instead of a

vine, which is its normal habit. The con if ae cious still
delayed the advent of spring, as far as flowers were concerned.
No one would have suspected that we were in the ‘Land of

242

Flowers.”” However, a few of the oie es plants were

flo g in spite surf wa Colonies of th
rose-purple mallow (Hibiscus one a the most color
to the vegetation in ane na e estu of tl ee
Lucie River. rthw. marshes and ham

€ No wher
divided the ‘‘scrub”’ from ae cinelane! the sweet-bay ean
and the Loblolly-bay (Goerdonia) had unfolded their showy white

wers.
ean observations on the variations in the “scrub” s
di 1 tl for tt f the Ca: ries
pine (Pinus caribaea) in that plant-association instead of tl
normal spruce-pine (P. clausa). The spruce-pine is ee
inflammable and t ende r. A fire sweeping through the “scrub”

Sooner or later this pine disappears from the eee area.
‘hus we often find ar r

find s of ‘‘scrub” devoid of pine trees. Of
course, such area ae = reforested with spruce-pine from
seeds blow: from u aged areas; perhaps some par
the ‘‘scrub’’ now er a we spruce- einen y represent such
reforested areas. a there are 'y parts of the scrub with
the Caribbean-p ne is aon ee fire-proof, so to
speak, an sible been we uce-pine in areas wher

se
e eastern or region a milk-p

ee lot is very abundant. In several towns in ae

region we noticed lawns composed almost wholly of a growth

of this pea. The roots are deep-seated and the stems and leaves

are nel prostrate. Thus it is adapted to growing in sandy soil,

and in the proper season it produces large quantities of soft

™m )
have pinnately compound lea ee continue to flower after

= to ae after the plant has matured some of its pods.
We n ered a region where the cabbage-tree late and
the saw- Reena Gene) grow intimately intermixed. One

interesting, yet unsolved, problem suggested by dee two palms

243

is, why does the cabbage-tree grow erect while the saw-palmetto
grows prostrate?

e were soon back i 7 oe acl net see we in
the matter of th

because it repre: nts ‘the northern limit of the Has epiphytic
type ‘(Encyelia ee €) and the southern limit of the temperate
type (Auliza con ). In the vicinity of Halifax eee nort

along the eastern coast. As far as we now

been shipped daily to northern cities for, making floral decora-
tions.!

Thence We made haste to Paes ee northeastern corner of
Florida, t,and nota“ painted
desert,” . a pean of highly colored wild i as it
should have bee

The early oa found us at the mouth of the Saint John’s
River and at the same time in a geographic center of prickly-

very floriferous—scarcely equalled in this respect by the flori
ferous forms a Dillenti. Thee ive areas of the
flatter parts of the sand-dune, clothed wit prickly-pears
almost to the exclusion of other conspicuous vegetation, was a

unique sight to behold in our eastern states

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 121-137.
* Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 16-23.

244

The following day was devoted to localities north of Jackson-
ville. We proceeded to Yulee and then branched off toward

ointed eastern prickly-pear from the ich we
secured the fi he previous winter.1. The flowers are the
largest of all of our eastern prickly-pea and ut Fer-

-pears
nandino a heliotrope relative—Cochranea anchusaefolia—grew
all over ae roadsides and vacant lots, just as Phlox Drummondit
does in many of the ae towns. It is also common . ae sea-
coast towns of Geo On the sandy ham. s t th
town we found a ee aa of a are spur ea: ~pear a
Tracyi) in flower. In this species the flower and the joint from
which it arises are wholly out of the — ace tee The

achieved our desanation: On the way we noticed a peculiar
flag (Iris) in the swamps. Its sepals were dark- alee mee
the yellow and white bases; the petals were purple, except the
PS bases, and the styles were purple aa red-
Associated with the flag was a water-willow
aries ere pale-violet flowers. A few kinds of flowering
pla ne adotied the pinewoods; fewer than a dozen kinds were
i i some with decided color in ee flowers, others
neutral in coloring. The latter were represented by the black-
root 2 (Peronalon, white-topped aster Ga. and lobelia
(Lobel: eee sa). Yellow was nearly everywhere evident
reed he flowers cf colic-root (Alezris), St. Peter’s-wort
(sora); end milkwort (Polygala aie ie oe wa:
ames
the grass-pink (Linodorun), and ‘the snake-mouth (Pogonia
divaricata). The last-named plant was present by the acre and
e Oe interesting of aL ore cited aeve) me it is the

Pp f the higher

]
only

1 The ccna of The New York Botanical Garden
2 Spe s have oe at The New York eee Coes and seem
to Penis a new spi

245

mountain peaks. Its flower has less color in the lowlan

than it has in the mountains. Saint oes ci well fete
with wild flowers st conspic one was a kind of
tick-seed Cele which filled Packard vacant lots and
streets with shimmering islands of bright yellow. The Mexican-
poppy (Argemone intermedia), with its janes ae white flowers,
was common on roadsides. A remarkable carpet of Saint

i

=e

years ago this plant was enn nly ee South
Carolina, and Mobile, Alabama. Can s dominan -
where. Besides the carpet of Saint Augustine-grass, the giant
live-oaks hickories, which are more ous th
h s, had put forth their new fol .
Saint Mary’s is an old town and pe Mee of catia im-
rtance. It was founded several centuries ag he following

description of it and of its inhabitants, oe as nee year

“ An hour before Sun-set we got to the town a 'd St. Mary
This was a Frontier and a Garrison Town; the Inhal biases are
ith some Spanish Soldi a ne A sree
Natives of these eae loath them

n the Nig
The present deni oa not use the Florida-moss for
clothes, but do continue ae use in their domestic economy by

feeding it to cows and chicken
We searched the hammocks eon Saint Mary’s for a hop-
trefoil Sse Baldwinii), said to have been collected at Saint
ary’s a hundred years ago. We did not rediscover it,
but did yee a dogwood (Svida) different from any species of
that genus before collected

1 Journal of The New York ape Garden 2:

2 William Dickenson, in a book entitled, Saar ‘Ss tae peal nce,
Man’s surest help oi eee nse, evidenced by the remarkable
deliveranc mm. e devouring "Wave: es of the

Sea, and
also from fe eedel ee Jaws of the inhuman canibals of Florida,”
page 107.

246

Upon returning to Jacksonville we took the train for New
York. Some rain fell, perhaps the last for the spring and the
summer, for an almost Hinprecedented es during ah re-
mainder of the year afflict te tates, and wa
plants were rampant where enough water had sie
to temporarily support them.

In the low pnewoods two plants with spiked flowers

rung up: the one, a yellow-flowered colic-root (Aletris lutea)
with spirally eee flowers; the other, a white-flowered

e river-swamps were a riot of gree Th s shades of
n were caused not only directly by the variation in the
leaves, but by the placing of the leaves eafage as

in the higher ae S was a SS ragwort (Senecio Smallii),

Gesaalee all of which were oe flowering in peninsular Florida

abr onths earlie
e various kinds of pine trees which had put forth their
new erect branches, often to the length of six or eight inches,
um

places similar reforestation was being accom lished, naturally,
but a oe ae . iene evidently much depleted
b ing t w grown sufficiently large
to ae Tle damaged iY ‘sre
All

in the Florida peninsula. The drought already lee to had
made much more tinder than usual and fires were very numerous.
Every day we passed through recently burned areas or through
fires raging in prairies, in pinelands, and in hammocks. Each

leid £

247

fire destroys either deposits of humus or humus in the sand

which is already an impoverished soil. Such fires, if ears

repeated, will transform the Florida peninsula into a des

waste and not as we found it in the spring of 1921, a ee
sert.

Joun K. SMALL

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING OCTOBER

Oct. 6. ‘‘The Ancestral History of Some Existing Plants.” Dr.
Arthur Hollick.
Oct. 7. “Perfumes, Natural and Synthetic.” Prof. M. T.
ert.

Oct. 13. oe Coloration.” Dr. A. B. Stout.
Oct. 14. ‘Botanizing in the Colombian Andes.’ Prof. T. E.

azen.

Oct. 20. ‘Plants in Relation to Environment.” Prof. G. E.
Nichols.

Oct. 21. ‘European Garden Mr. J. C. Wister.

Oct. 27.‘ Botanizing in British Guiana.’ Dr. H. A. Gleason.

Oct. 28. ‘The Evolution of the Lantern Slide.” Mr. A. T.
Beals.

”

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING NOVEMBER

Attendants upon the Saturday and Sunday afternoon lec-
d r

tures are asked to jn mind a change in the hour, t
mber lectures occurring at 3:30 instead of 4 o’clock. The
lectures are to be delivered in ecture of the Museum

eL
Building. They are illustrated by lantern slides and otherwise
and are free to the public
Nov. “Mountain Sceien, of United States and Mexi-

ffer:
Nov. 4. “Rare Pines and Firs.” Mr. se - ee
: “Botanical Rambles in Panam M. A. Howe.
Nov. 11. “The Origin of Cultivated Plante.” — A. B. Stout.
Nov. 17. “Ferns.” Dr. R. C. Benedict
Nov. 18. “Javaand the Javanese People! Dr. H. A. Gleason.

Z
io)
<
HW
°

248

Nov. 24. “A Trip to Ecuador.” Dr. F. M. Chapman.
Nov. 25. “British Guiana.”” Miss Ruth Rose.

ACCESSIONS
PLANT AND SEED ACCESSIONS
7 Dahlia roots, 55 varieties. ‘(By exchange with Dr. Marshall A. Howe.)

2 Dakka plants, 30 varieties. (Given by R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons.
is varieties, and 13 Dahlia plants, 7 varieties. (Given by

.
3
Bes
a.
Bie
wn

lia plants, 2 20 varieties, (Given by Mr. John Magee.)
4 Dahlia roots, 17 varieties, and 2 Dahlia pear I variety. (Given by

G :

28 Dahlia roots, 17 varieties. (Given by Mills & Co.)

18 Dahlia. roots, 9 varieties, and 4 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by
Mr. Wm. Jost. .

18 Dahlia roots, 10 varieties, and 2 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by
Meachen & Sherman.

18 Dahlia soe 12 varieties. (Given by Slocombe's Dahlia Gardens.)

ahiia plants, 14 varieties, and 3 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by

Dahlia plants, 8 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. H. Waite.)
13 Dahlia plants, 8 varieties, 2 Dahlia roots, 1 variety, and 1 clump of
Deklia roots. (Given by Mr. W. N. Corby.
12 Dahlia roots, 12 varieties, and 7 Dahlia plants, 4 varieties. (Given by
Mr. C. Louis Ailing.)
12 Dahlia roots, 12 varieties. (Given by Mr. Geo. L. Stillman.)
9 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties, and 6 Dahlia plants, 3 varieties. (Given by

9 Dahlia plants, BV varieties. (Given by Mr. Richard C. Colt.)
ahlia roots, 3 varieties, and 4 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by
er Bros.

8 clumps of Deklia roots, 8 varieties. (Given by Mr. F. P. Quinby.)
8 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. L. oe arnell.)

n 2

6 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. _B, Sturgis.)

6 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mr. Rein ne Greinberg.

5 Dahlia roots, § varieties, and 3 Dahlia plants, 3 varieties. (Given by
Hilton Dahlia Farm.)

5 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mrs. S. T. Cushing.)

4 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Dr. William J. vane .)

4 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with Dr. John K. Small.)

3 Dahlia roots, 1 variety. (By exchange with Dr. Peat tice.)

Members of the Corporation

Dr. Robert Abbe
Fritz Achelis

John W. Auchincloss
George F. Baker
Stephen Baker
He: al de Forest ee

Edmund L. Baylie
Prof. Felisiies PB; pay

Childs Frick

Prof. W. J. Gies
Daniel Guggenheim
Guggenheim

scher
Jus e Hennessey
Anton G. ornate
Bernhard Hoffm:
Archer M. Huntington

Fredenc R. Newbold

Members of the Advisory

Mrs. a. aaa
Mrs. Rol
Miss Elizabeth “Billings

Mrs. Walter Jennings
Mrs. Bradish Johnso’

Mrs. Delancey Kane
rs. Gustav E. Kissel
8 pee = Lee

. ALA. L
ov. Everit | Macy

. Pierre Mali
Henry Marquand

‘ William A.

Eben E. Olcott
Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack

janie R. raga

Ira A.
Hon. ect S. Prall
Charles F. Rand
Johnston L. Redmond
Ogden Mills Reid
Prof. H. M. Richards
John D. Rockefeller
len Roosevelt

Valentine P. Snyder
James Speyer
Frederick Strauss

F. K. Sturgis

B. B. Thayer

Charles G. Thompson
W. Boyce Thompson
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Louis C. Tiffany

Felix M. Warburg
Paul M. Warburg
Allen Wardell

H. H. bideon 1g
Bronson Winth
Grenville L. Winthrop

Council

. James Roosevelt
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan

rs. Samuel Sloan
Mrs. Theron G. Strong

. Pra
rs. Wm. Kelly Sane Sire: F, de R. Wissman
Read

Honorary Members of the Advisory Council

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman
Mrs. John I. Kane

Mrs. Jas. A. Scry
Miss Olivia Bers pas

Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members

1. Benefactors
he contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.

2. Hal yik
e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden ”, gift
or me ae shall entitle oe i Prin to a a patron of the Garden

3. Fellows for Life
e contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.

4. Fellowship Members
ellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
tife when their payments aggregate $1000.00

By Seine aoe
Sustaining members pay from $25.0 pak 00 prunes and become
fellows for life when their payments ag; yas $1000.00.

6. Annual Members
Annual members pay cid annual fee o
All members are entitled to the followings eile eges
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices = she Board of Managers.
} Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of

N

Man
ay ssi a “al handbooks published by the Garden.
A copy of all annual reports and bulletins
A copy of the monthly Journal.
Privileges of the Board Room.

7. Life Members
Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a fee of
$250.00.

AREY

ee
Members are invited t any questions they a ge ue answered
on botanical or howtioatearal ed Docents will accom any mi

embers
through the grounds and buildings any week day, ecb Museil Building
ck. ¥

at 3 o’clo
Form of Bequest

I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated F

under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.....

Vol. XXIV November, 1923 No. 287

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON

Assistant Director

CONTENTS
Botanical Features of Mountain Lake, Virginia................... 249
How to Have Fringed Gentians.............. 000.00 c eee eee eee 256
Cultivation of the Fringed Gentian ............... 5.0. eeeee eee 258
The Local Flora Herbarium............... 0.0.0 cece eee ec eevee 260
Early-flowering Shrubs.........----- 0-0 sees eee eee eee cece es 262
Winter Birds of the New York Botanical Garden................... 266
Notes, News and Comment.............. 22-0 eee e eee teen eee ee 267
()

Price $1.00 A YEAR; Io CENTS A Copy

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ATS LANCASTER, Pa

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFICERS, 1923 %
PrEsipENT—FREDERIC S. LEE |
HE
VicE-PRESIDENTS je K. STURGIS

TreasuRER—JOHN L. MERRILL
AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
SEcrRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924

N. L. BRITTON LEWIS SA re ae
HENRY W. DeFOREST FREDERIC R. NEW
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOM! PSON

Term expires January, 1925
HENRY DeFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH Se

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOOR

JOSEPH P. HENNESSY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. OER RIEL

ROBERT W. DeFOREST J. P. MORGAN

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS

THE taron OF THE City or NEw York
N. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE ee OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC Parxs
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN

3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER DR. "FREDERIC S. LEE
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES HON. GEORGE J. RYAN
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

DEN STAFF

GA
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Spa -in-Chtef (Development, Administration)
.H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administ tration)
DR JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants)
R. W. Ae MURRILL , Supervisor of plied ede
PBR . P. A. RYDBE RG, Cu fot em weri
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Cur for lowers Plants)
DR. FRED J. SE AVE. Ganadoes (rlowecieas Plants)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Admintstrative Assista: ‘
PERCY W: Ls i

eRARLOW. Libre
R. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator ‘of the pone: Collections i
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanist
DR. H. M. DENSLOW, Honorary Custodian
WALTER eS, Museum Custodian
JOHN RINLEY, Landscape Engineer
WALTER S. ‘GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, S: 4

D

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VoL. XXIV November, 1923 No. 287

BOTANICAL FEATURES OF MOUNTAIN LAKE,
VIRGINIA

A brief vacation in July, 1923, was > Spent t by the writer among

trees which grew in the valley years ago may still be seen standing
in its clear and quiet depths.
t is customary among the uninformed to account for the

he will usually = empl w ete supply close ae hand w des
ae

s less near the mountain tops, ihe summers shorter, the rain
oe snow more frequent, humus abundant, and there are often
deep gorges where the winter's ice will linger far into the sumn-.er.

250

A few springs will be sufficient to maintain t.
lake of this character and the regular rains will provide for its
overflow. In the case in question, several very cold springs feed

i d a large one is located

the lake at its southern extremity an la loca
on its eastern bank, from which water is piped to the hotel and
cottages.

At the time of my visit, July 10-17, the shores of the lake were
fringed with giant rhododendrons in the very pink of perfect
b : :

ition to the r nen ie mounian laurel, several
‘acte

es Pea of the chestnuts, which I had not enjoyed for

The Tore floor about the margin of the lake, which is deeply

ferns, 2) ceous flowering plants which should be visited
veral times during on. Isa ves of many fine
ae t the flowers had all disappeared. Lycopodium

f the

a profit usion near the large spring on the eastern side;
while the red ee of the aia berry vine still clung to
many stems of tl ver of the cold. By another
spring nearer the hotel, I found ne white wood-sorrel, Oxalis
Acetosella, in bloom just as I saw it there first twenty summers
or more ago

In this quiet, virgin forest the ee loved to gather, and most
of them were apt to be found near the water about daybreak.
Robins, thrushes, catbirds, crows, goldfinches, woodpeckers,
nuthatches, chewinks, warblers, and juncos were much in evi-

251

lence. The juncos even played the part of sparrows, hopping
and chirping about the hotel in a very sociable way with worms
in their mouths for their young, whi re in nests under the
porches. This is considered a southern variety of now-
bird,—nesting in the high mountain irginia and North
Carolina rather than take the long journey towar e pole in

tree limit in Alaska to the mountains of Pennsylvania, build-
ing its nest of moss or grass on or near the ground, and occasion-
ally near house:

Robins and gee rivaled juncos in abundance near the
houses. A nest oryoung robins on “e estat limb by my window
hen

and devotion. When

it rained, the mother bird would stand on the limb and spread
her je io ee nee era ones from storm. The chic
was a n New York this year; and I sa
only a ae pair each of wrens, a and p phpenee: Mode
ingbirds do not get into that part of th i ly
I have noticed them in pairs as far west as Blacksburg, at an

What do birds get from plants? Food, protection, and siitabile
places to build their nests. Many birds mix with their insect

t Mountain Lake, there was plenty suc! the fruits
of the shadbush, bird cherry, wild black cherry vari
speci ; huckleberries, blueberries, elderberries,

of viburnum;
thimbleberries, raspberries, blackberries; and the berries of many
wild oe plants better known perhaps to the birds than
to ourselv
BaLp KNoB

y first visit to the Knob was made at five o ‘clock i in the

the fog that fills the valleys at dawn looks like the foam. Land-
marks in five states are easily visible from this elevation on a
clear day.

252

After two or three trips to the summit, both by the steep trail
mi

pes Valley, New York, at 800 feet elevation, which locality
had been visited the previous week; and many of the plants were
the same
The he st plant to attract my attention was Dalibarda repens,
the leaf of which is heart-shaped and lies flat against the ground,
reminding one of a violet. The flowers of Dalibarda as well as
4

sta. Ik, Clintonia, and several species of trillium were all in

“Lily- of- the- valley, long past flowering, grew very large kere

other ieealnies, large daianeities are shipped to New York every
winter for the use of florists.
Of the milkweeds seen, by far the mest al undant was Asclepias

the trailin a rich, shaded spot, aay the sige reached five feet
or more in height and were sis greenish blos
Nearby were donee of the Iso commen res
aed clump of — ilonthodes looking for all the werld
like a wild sun-flower t es in diameter. Eupa-
rier purpureum, a common es a ie meadows, seemed out
of place in this company and at this elevation.

253

wood lily, with an erect flower, is earlier than the Canada

e carrion-flow iat herbacea, had changed its fe
scented flowers for sallisters of rounded berries and the
winged fruits on the wild yam, Déiescorea, had almost tote
ae size; while quantities - fly-poi ison, CAO Pe muscae-

low s,
eee ie come ine full flowering and was one of the pesos
plants seen on the summit.

‘y common plant was _the Mees Shanes
five

gone
and those of horse bale coreopsis, aster, and goldenrod were
still to come.
r the summit, I saw a good specimen of the wild cucumber
tree, Magnolia acuminata, and a small one of the moosewood
ns

top of the mountain, well named Bald Knob, was covered with a
low, dense growth of scrub oak, black eek witch hazel, ange
beech, chestnut, shadbush, birch, untain ash, alder, bird
cherry, azalea, hobblebush, blueberry ry; ae berry, ae

gooseberry, catbrier, and bracken fern, among which Hes barcous
plants of various kinds ee The average height of this

254

tangle of vegetation was about two or three feet; but just over

feathery, white flower clusters of the rare Hydatica petiolaris,
which is seen only on certain mountain tops.

VEGETATION ON MOUNTAIN SUMMITS

The plants found on mountain tops are apt to be peculiar in
kind and character because of the peculiar conditions under
i i and ;

them to endure extremes. It is only when we try to grow alpine
plants in rock es that we find how difficult it is to duplicate
such conditions at low elevations.

ANOTHER FINE VIEW

bout a mile west of the lake is a rocky precipice, hee the

brink of which one can look down over the valley of New River

nearly ie thousand feet below. A pretty little log ee has

been built on this ledge, the veranda of which rests on the very
tr i

nts already mention
number of brilliantly colored fleshy and woody fungi, such as
Russula, Lactaria, Chanterel, Boletus, and Polyporus, a list of

255

which will be published elsewhere. On a decayed chestnut log,
I saw about forty pounds of excellent food going to waste i in
0. po.

several beautiful clusters on the top of the is
pace will not permit me to describe the Cascade, five miles to
h

precipice ninety feet in height; nor many other interesting places
in this remarkable region. I simply wish to mention, in closing,
o New

and leathery when old. It is said that arctic explorers have
sometimes eaten them instead of shoe leather and thus prolonged
their miserable lives.

verhanging one of these sandstone rocks in a very graceful
way was a clump of the purple flowering raspberry, or thimble-
ne pd pier noe abundantly at the Cascade, while a few

and the tall, stiff stems of Campanula americ n-
ally iced, bearing large blue, bell-shaped flowers fastened
rather clo: ely to the s This sessile character ra c-

virginiana, the wild geranium, the yel lue-
d grass, and Tradescantia virginica, or day-flower.
It was interesting to note also the influx of certain asl
along the approaches to this mountain paradise. A weed has
for a lon iia been defined as “ . out of sea but a

rds to the k de a wil an fall
nto this category. It is one of the hawkweeds, and I was sorry
to see it getting a footh t Mountain Lak he orange
eaege id not see there, al m venos:

co:
od fadhy: be ee a ace when found in its native haunts.

256

Self-heal, St. John’s-wort, evening primrose, viper’s bugloss,
Indian tobacco, compass ee Renae and several other
plants usually called weeds ore or less common along
the paths and in the open spaces.

W. A. Murriti

HOW TO HAVE FRINGED GENTIANS

Did you ever, while walking through a meadow on an October
day, happen upon a spot where the bluest of blue flowers looked

the Fringed Gentian grew in prolusion and it brought to my
mind that thought of Bryant’s:

“Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye

A flower from its caerulean wall.”

e Cardinal Flower
ee syphilitic), All-heal ie se Monkey Flower
(

d the Fringed Gentian in my
seed to sow them in a place as near as possible like the one in
ville, N.Y. That night a handful of the driest seed-heads were
rubbed together between the hands, the numerous tiny seeds
caught in paper shoe-boxes and the next morning the seeds were

mixed with sand to make them scatter better and sown along a

rook.
I did not know the proper time for planting and this sowing

Ww:
next spring did not germinate, so far as I could learn. This led

257
me to believe that the seed must be planted while fresh and this
has been proven by trials.
From this planting of some fifteen years ago have been taken

suitable for the growth of the Fringed Gentian. The plants

have thrived and spread until in the a n of 1921 hundreds

of plants were to be found. The gentians are now most n-
t at a distance of about 25 feet from the brook over rather

moist land part formerly used for gardening purposes. The

plants have spread down stream fro er

sown an re also now found over rather dry knolls some

25 feet above the level of the brook and to some distance
from it.

Some of the earlier sowings were made along the brook,
beyond the “Swimming Pool’ near Pleasantville and after the

Danbury, Co
n River, and in many of these places it is now estab-

The result of one sowing is of particular interest. About
1914 seed was scattered in a grassy meadow that is mowed each
e

carefully in a long, tight, paper box, like a shoe-box, and remove
the worm that will probably be found among the seed. The

258

seed should not be allowed to dry and should be planted as soon
after collection as is ae but if stored in cool damp (not
wet) sand or ear uring the winter it may germinate if sown
early in the following spring.
During the autumn of 1921, I filled a flower pot, one foot
n

pot rested in an ordinary enameled wash-basin which was kept

filled with water and placed in a south window of my office. The

= gentian plants germinated well that fall and the roaeites
re planted out in the following spring.

"Tt shall be glad to furnish, free of charge, during in autumn a
small lot of seed of the Fringed Gentian to any flower-lover who
will select a meadow (not a swamp) that will not be irae over
nor pastured, and scatter the seed there.

GrEorGE F. Norton

PLEASANTVILLE, N. Y.

CULTIVATION OF THE FRINGED GENTIAN

The Fringed Gentian has been grown successfully from seed
Po

disappearance of the Fringed Gentian from places where it
used to be abundant.

We have recently learned from the outing page of the New
York Evening Post, that Major W. A. Welch, General Manager
of the Palisades Interstate Park, with the assistance of his staff,
is doing his best to preserve and increase some of the wild

259

flowers ae are anes with eae The Fringed
Gentian is one of those which is beginning to reappear at vaio
places, se Mr. Reymond Torrey has pee found t

A PLANT oF FRINGED GENTIAN WITH MORE THAN I00 FLOWERS.
He begs the members of the various tramping clubs to take care
not to trample on them, and “trusts that they will not pick this

beautiful autumn flower, that it may come back to its old
haunts.”

E1izaBeTH G. Britton

260
THE LOCAL FLORA HERBARIUM
The Local Flora Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden

meetings of the Torrey Botanical Club, and all the specimens
from the local flora formerly contained in the general herbarium
of the Garden.

The earlier tasks [ bringing these collections into order de-
volved on Mr. Percy Wilson and Mr. Norman Taylor while
assistant curators - = Garden.

The Local Flora Herbariu

Pp

a two years ago, not because of any lack of interest in its
development, but because constant and pressing duties occupied
the time of all the members of the s tt

oug n
the earlier valle tions are some ve oy ote specimens from
the days when civilization had d so many species

261

in and near New York City; as, for instance, some collected i in
the Elgin Gardens of New York City by Dr. Joh

, lis, which i ea
Bier

BP

from this vicinity. The specimen in the local herb
n

by Mrs. Mitchell, when she was ana in the effort to identify

identity of the collector, as they were Snead:

here are many other species which can no longer be found
near New York City, of which we should have no accurate
knowledge or record without the collections made years ago b

radius of about one hundred miles from Monheiaa: aduaing

syste:
and counties, of the specimens in each species. As a result,
consultation is made easy and also the needed information is

262

obtained in regard to the distribution of each species. Owing

to this systematic arrangement of so: ce ae in each
species by states and then by countie: ual visitor to th
G will speedily be able to nen een lant-
fragment, brought to town for examination, coming rane within
the -mile limit. This would pro uite a boon th
amateur collector were the fact more wi known.

Copies of the map of the Local Flora area, one for each species,
have ao printed, of convenient size for binding and con-
sultation, on ps data furnish the census will re-

ic ed by be
corded. Ina few years Hae series, of more than two thousand

in the local ee an dete e by referen

“Flora of the Vicinity of New York” what species, t un-
represented, are to be sought for and what localities ought to
be explored to make the representation more s

Th or now bestowed on rompted by tru ias:
The result, of lasting value and increasing utility, will justify
the meticulous care that is taken to make the records accurate
and complete

* : SLOW,
Honorary Custodian.

EARLY-FLOWERING SHRUBS

The ‘‘flowers that bloom in the spring’ quotation seems to
apply eee well to our garden shr Nn anticipating
durin tu and winter months another season of
the lower , we are only following the lead of the
plants themselves, for they have long since been doing that very
thin: mer he summer

and early autumn months we expect little in the way of bloom

from shrubs, excepting from roses, hydrangeas, buddleias, and
the like; but just how large a percentage of our color is gone
after June we do not fully realize. From another viewpoint,

as they will bloom before we are aware. In this connection the

263

alec of our New York climate causes wide differences in

time of flowering from year to year. The following blooming
dates for shrubs in the New York Botanical Garden shows
this:

1922 20 Igl7
Cercis chinensis...... ... ... May 8 May 16 May 25

Viburnum tomentosum...........

The preparation one season for the next season’s bloom is a
process only secondary in interest to that of actual flowering

spring's blo Whether the buds, developed in a
terminal or ane the sides of the branches, they are = nei ie
in various ways, and are ready to hae with the first warmth
from the spring sun. Some do this to their sorrow, if they
encounter that enemy of the peach crop, are te frost.

We consider the Japanese ae -hazel, Hamamelis japonica,
to be our first shrub to bloom. In all truth it aa be called
a winter bloomer, occasionally showing in January, but usually
in the latter part of February, especially if ae days of con-

with which the small blossoms are born gives us a m.
yellow color at a time when we have as yet no leaves or large

264

flowers and the grass has scarcely become green. Spring yellows

Ti
part by the forsythias or colder bells. These first yellow flowers
- ances ~ our ener by ants with its pees
yellow blo sythia-like jasmine
me is tne about New York fond ee some Stee: and
the golden currant with the richest yellow blooms and heaviest
He of them all. The latter will be found om visitors
m April 6 on, according to the season, as spec and
nite plants, near the old pines at the north ee ow ees €.
f the m the ana is a the majority
of these early-flowering shrubs may be
Pink and white are the foundation oe ae the next seasonal
phase at the time ee ag ena: Spiraea and the red-
buds. The Chin r Japan red-bud, hs one ee

foal
4
oO
=]
ion
i}
my

round buds in clusters embedded in the bark, along the stems
and branches. From April 25 on, favorable weather will bring

rt
blooms about the same time in the flower gardens near the con-
igatans and the — Pieris floribunda, called mountain
fetterbush, is even more beautiful, opening its nodding clusters
of pure white, urn- be ee in April from buds forme
nearly ten months befo

It is not always to ee eae sor oe ak ness to
open so ane Our first magnolia, rounded
tree that we count it a shrub, and of which we specimens
fifteen or twenty years old in both fruticetum and arboretum, is
Magnolia seiata, De s magnolia; named ac Dr. Hall i.
Rhode Isla

nd, who y of our first J

and trees. From woolly terminal buds star- like fragrant white
flowers open, with about twelve sepals and petals so alike that
they are not readily distinguishable. If the visitor notices that
the edges of the flowers are blackened and dead, it is because
the late frosts have caught them

265
month of May fills our grounds with so many flowers of
all Sie that we do not have to search for particular groups.

Onen eats the Garden from the Third Avenue elevated entrance,
the 4 i

ene te of large white blooms over the stone-work near the gate.
oo vores i. 1 vo

of flowers on the ends of branches, forming a compact surface of
bloom. The walk from this entrance along the south border
of the garden has a number of interesting and varied shrubs in
bloom at this time. Here may be seen the cranberry tree,
Viburnum Opulus, the double-flowered yellow kerria, Spiraea
van Houtiet, with long gracefully pendent branches laden with

blooms. The viburnums should be given room to develop into
large natural specimens, grouped in large masses.
Another group of early shrubs includes the Lemoine hybrid

The Ghent hybrids, with shades of rose, orange, flame and
mber, are represented in our collections by several named

Nearly all of these shrubs may be seen properly labeled in the
fruticetum of the Garden and planted out in other parts of the
grounds.

KENNETH R. BoyNTON

266
WINTER BIRDS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL
GARDEN

This list is intended to include the birds that may be found
within the Garden limits, a tract e o less than four hundred

acres, during one or more of the winter months, not perhaps in
one year, but in the course or ie or six years’ observation.
First come the na that may be found both summer and

of these woodland iene is usually from about an hour after

sunrise until ten o’clock or so in the morning.
Birds that may be ina throughout the year:
House Sparrow Black ae
= Wood Duc
Star Sparrow H
eee Woodpecker Hairy Wooded
once ay Scree a Owl
Chic ines Rob
White-breasted Nuthatch Kingfisher
g Spar Bob

Birds from the North that may spend the winter here:

Slate- eee Junco Fox Sparrow
Purple Finch Winter Wren
Thistle ind Re
White- ces Sparrow Northern Shrike
Tree S merican Crossbill
Suey Sli Kinglet White-winged ‘Crossbill
Br Evening Grosbea
Pin Long-eare i
Red. Saat Nuthatch Saw-whet Owl
Barred Owl

It is to be noted that of the last six or aes apeits mentioned,
some may not be seen here for six years.
A few other winter birds, not mentioned above, may occasionally
fly over the park, such as three or four species of gulls, and then

and Cooper’s. In still another class are a few stragglers, mostly
net ee that for some unknown reason, choose to remain

267

behind when all their companions have gone farther south tor
the winter. As such may be mentioned the Catbird, Flicker,
Hermit Thrush, Brown Thrasher, and possibly one or two others,
but whether many of these less har dy birds survive till warm

Last winter was noticeable owing to the presence of a small
flock of Ww hite- winged Cross-bills, a bird not reported here before

feeding chiefly on
the fruit of the Cork-wood tree (Phelledendron ened
Thunberg’s viburnum (V. oe also furnishe ccessible
food supply in the late winter and early spring od ith the
European barber ne various species of the honeysuckle
family. A bird that once resided in the Garden but has not been
tee for more than twenty years, I believe, is the Great Horned
Owl. One certainly lived on the northeastern edge of the hem-
ie grove during the winter of 1899 and 1

. S. WILLIAMS

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT

M . M. Johnson, a former student at the Garden and n
assistant in botany and plant pathology in the University of
ho, was a recent visitor at the Museum Building and Ex-
perimental plots.

. J. Humphrey, a government investigator stationed at
Madison: Wisconsin, called at the Garden on aed 10 ot
II to examine type specimens of resupinate polypores.
had just been on a visit to Canada to study Gabe a
Brlesser Faull.

The New York Bird and Tree Club held an out-door meeting

at ube ante on Oct ober 18; being conducted through the

ff, assisted by Dr. G. Clyde

Fisher, preadent of the Club. After the basket luncheon, there
s an interesting meeting in the Museum Building

Dr. Murrill gave an address on edible and poisonous fungi
before the artists and other nature-lovers of Woodstock, New

268

York, on the evening of September 3 at the summer home o
Dr. and Mrs. John A. Kingsbury, who are members of the

Brook, they found many interesting things, among them a
“fairy ring’’ of gemmed puffballs saa feet in diameter, con-
taining scores of unusually large specimens

The following visiting Baers enrolled in the Satins during
ofes: iley and H. M. Fi

the summer: Professors L. H. Ba tzp: eae
Ithaca, Y ; Professor aa M. Pacie oe ee
r. P. L. Buttrick, New Haven, Ct.; Dr. N M. Grier aud

class, Cold Spring, Harbor, L. I.; Mr. John M. Fogg, Jr., Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania; Miss D. K. Hughes, Mise nae Ww.
Taylor, Mr. W. W. Ashe, Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, and Prof. F.
Lamson-Scribner, Pea D. C.; Prof. W. C. Coker,
Chapel Hill, N. H. L. Biomaiiee, Durham, N. C.;
Mr. H. Teuscher, te ae Dr. Nora E. Dalbey, Machatiau,
Kansas; Prof. John T. Buchholz, Fayetteville, Ark.; Prof.

; Mr.
Ralph: R. Stewart, Gordon Collece, India.
Meteorology for August. The total precipitation for the
mont. 1.21 in T.

Meteorology for September. The total precipitation for the
month was 3.33 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded
n

tempera nes were 58° on the gth, 45° on ie 15th, 44° on the
18th and 50.5° on the 30th.

269
ACCESSIONS
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM
specimens of flowering ate from New Jersey and southern New
York. (Collected by Dr. H. M. Denslow.)
36 museum specimens from ee (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small and
Mr. J. W. S ce
1548 specimens of flowering plants from the Old World and the New. (By
exchange it the Jardin des Plantes, Paris.
1 specimen of Erodium cicutarium from North Carolina. (Given by Mr.
A. D. Huger.)
4 specimens of Iris fruits. (Giv Dr. E. T. Wherry.)
1 drawing of the flower-parts . te caroliniana, (By exchange with the
cc nes! pnve ersity.)

sth the Charl
By exchange

ioe
I specimen of Lacinaria from Florida. (By exchange with the Office of
St and Systematic Botany, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington,

2 ee of Hepaticae from Manitoba. (Given by Professor C. W.
Low

I specimen of Lej patens f Maine. (By exchange with Miss Annie
is

ens of Hepaticae from California and New Hampshire. (Given by
re Caroline C. Haynes.
specimen of Nostoc muscorum from Mexico. (Given by Dr. Homer D.

69 specimens of marine algae from China. (Given by Mr. N. H. Cowdry.)

I specimen of Liagora farinosa from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A. B.
Hervey.

I specimen of Lophozia Mildeana from Florida. (Given by Mr. Severin
Rapp.)

2 specimens of Rielia numidica from Algeria. (Given by Professor L.

2 specimens of Neomeris van Bosseae from Tahiti. (By exchange with

2 specimens of Hepaticae eo fiuitans and R. Frostit) from China.
(Given by Mr. N. bie Cow

R 1 “tL the Tin}

fi ae Rico. y g ity

of ies :

144 §) mens of mosses from Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. (Col-
lected by Dr. Carl Skottsberg.

§000 specimens of fungi, mosses, ferns, and flowering plants from he
Rico. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton and Dr. Fred J. Seav

80 specimens of fungi from Hawaii. (By exchange tie the encore of
me )

pecimen of Trillium pusillum from Arkansas. (By exchange with Pro-

ee | T. Buchholz.)

270

26 photographs of old paintings of plants at Kew. (Acquired from Mr,
N. E. Brown.)
PLANT AND SEED ACCESSIONS
2 clumps of Dahlia roots, 1 variety. (Given by Mr. Myron E. Douglas.)
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. A. Hentschel.)
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange ees Mrs. Charles H. Stout.)

1 clump of Dahlia roots, 1 variety. (Given by Mrs. ig G. Strong.)
1 Dahlia root. (By exchange with Miss Mee S. Brown.)

1 Dahlia root. (Given by Mr. William 1.)

1 Dahlia root. (By exchange with Dr

1 Dahle ri (By exchange with Dr, Edwin Marquand.)

12 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. J. Mari ae u

61 pl for I Given by Mr. R.S. Sturt

. J. ae £
21 as for Iris cee (Given by Mr. Frank - aa ;
1 plant for Conservator (Given by ae “Ber L. Goimd
3 sae - Calla Pia for cients sd by ee Lewis
Childs, Inc.)
7 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Frank Koehler.)
ol

5 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Bobbink & Atkins. ’

lant
27 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. John C. Wister.
I plant for conce argue (Given by Mr. Geo. Johnson. 2.)
I plant of Ef Conservatories. (Given by Mrs. Chas. H.

I ae for Conservatories. (Given by Mrs. H. W. Rutherford.)
1 plant for Herbaceous Grounds. (Given by Mr. Ludwig Manz.)
1o2 plants for Decorative Fee Nhe ed.)

13 plants pions er li eos

1 plant of Arkansas. (Collected ae Mr. H. S. Wheeler.)
31 plants from Porto Rico. (Collected by Dr. & Mrs. N. L. Britton.)

1 plant of Opuntia from Geor, (Collected by Mr. F L. Reichert.)

Ip ntia from Georgia. (Collected by Mrs. Marquand.)

38 plants from Florida. (Collected by Dr. J. 1.)

2 plants for Nurseries. (By ge with Dr. E. )

3 plants for Conservatorie: (By exchange with R. Runyon.)
14 plants Bie Aes rvatories. (By exchange with Mr. D. W. Gross through
Dr. a nee

nt fae en Garden. (By exchange with Dr. F. W. Pennell.)
ih ts for oo (By exchange with U. S. National Museum
eoaee Dr. J. N. Rose.)

271

2 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. J. T. Buchholz

. +)

7 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Royal Botanic Garden

ew.)

7 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Prospect Park, of Brook-
lyn.)

10 ree ae ee (By exchange with Dr. E, J. Palmer through
Dr. J. K. S

15 Beal ee Nurse (By

eries. exchange with Prof. D. S. Johnson.)
17 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Federal Hor cutecl Board.)
e
6 packets of seed. (Given n by Mr. Joseph Paquet.)
: ; iven by ane es C. Bell.)
packets of seed. (Given by Mrs. \V. H. Peckha
ico. (Collected by } Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
2 packets of seed from Florida. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)

5 packets of spores from France. (By exchange with Prof. Geo. Poirault.
4 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Frank W. Campbell.)

4 plants for Iris den. iven by Mr: S. McKinney.)
16 plan: Garden. (Given by H loyd.)
14 plants for Iris Garden. (Giv Mr. Jai

7 ven by . Jacob Sass.)
7 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by aa Landscape Nursery.)
q i y Bronx Girl Scouts.)
. Simons.)

4 plants of Hymenoc (Gi vale 5

I plant for Iris Garde (Gi r. $. S. Berr .

43 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Dean Iris Garden.)
I plant for Roc den. (Given by Mr. H. G. Ru

iven a: Soriiner )
1 plant of Hoya carnosa for Conservatories. “(Given by Mr. Ludwig J.
Manz.

28 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Movilla Gardens.)

1 plant for Rock Garden. (Given by Miss Clara F. Stillman.)

1 plant of Poinsettia for Conservatories. n by Mr. D.M. McCormick.)
3 plants of Pelargonium for Conservatories. (Given by Miss B. Thomas.)
15 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. H. N )

: e

1 plant for Conservatories. (By exchange with Smith College e,)
9 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. Kk. D. M. aaa )
14 plants of Iris caroliniana for Nurseries. (By exchange with Mr. D. V
Gross.

1 plant for Conservatories. (By earns with Miss Ruth Rose.)

§ plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with Father Jerome. )

I plant of Polypodium vulgare for Rock Garden. (By exchange with Prof.
L, Slater.)

4 plants for Nurseries. (By exchange with D' Palm

E. J. er.)
7 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange a U.S. Dept. of Agric.)

272
1 plant of Peperomia for Conservatories. (By exchange with Prof. Roig.)

exc!
I plant fo or Conservatories. ee cee iia Le ead Botanic Garden.
Museum through

Dr. J. N. Rose.)
5 cuttings for Nurseries. (By exchange with Mr. D. S. George.)
plants for Conservatories. (Collected by Dr. C. T. Simpson.)
1 plant for Conservatories. (Collected by Dr. W. H. Buswell.)
Pi aa for Rock Garden from Michigan. (Collected by Dr. H. A.
son.)
I ae of Rhipsalis cassytha from Florida. (Collected by Mr. C. A.
Mosier.
2 plants of Populus heterophylla. (Collected by Dr. A. B. Stout & Dr. A.
k.)

Hollic
1 . Geo. H. Clarke.)

7p est Indie:

6 plants for Nurseries. eA lected by “Dr. A. Hol ollick.)

24 plants for Herbaceous Grounds, (Collected by Miss M. E. Eaton.)
plants from Florida. (Collected by Mosier & De Winkeler.)

713 plants derived from seed.

1 packet of seed. (Given by Mr. Chas. W. ee & Allison.)

3 packets of seed. (Given by Mr. Wm. Sinclair.)

28 packets (Purchased.)
1 packet of seed from Losh Run, Pa. (Collected by Dr. K. Small.)
t packet of seed. (Collected by Dr. & Mrs. N. L. Britton.)

2 packets of seed from Texas. (Collected by D r. Robt. evan )
(By exchange with Prof. Geo. Poirault.

I packet tot seed from Englan nd. _(By exchange ee tan Gardena.)

75 D. A. Cockerell.)

3 packets of seed. (By exchange with Prof. jJ. W. ce ae +)

w
uel
2
ies
ae
@
ot
&
Q
mh
w
@
o
a.

Charles B. Alexander
Vincent Ast

ohn W. Peete
George F a
sag n Bak

ie
enry de naan Baldwin

Edmund L. Baylies
Prof. Charles P. Berkey
icknel

Charles Deering

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow
Sate H. Dodge
Sami

Henry W. de Forest
Robert W. de Forest

Childs Frick
Prof. W. J. Gies
Daniel Guggenheim

J.
pee

Archer M. ee

Adrian Ise’

Dr. mie B. James

“nie eae

Otto H. Kahn

Prof. Le Kemp

Darwin P. Kingsle

Prof. Frederic 8. Lah
Adolph Lewisoh

Kenneth K. MeL

V. Everit Macy

Edgar L. a

W. J. Mathes

George McAncty

F a ce R. Newbold

Members of the Advisory

Mrs. George A. Armour
Mrs. Robert Bacon

Mrs. Bradish Johnson

Mrs. Frederic S. Lee
Mrs, A. A. Low

Mrs. V. Everit Macy

rs. Wm. Kelly Prentice
Mrs. William A. Read

Members of the Corporation

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack
geht Was

ne. ie "Bitches

Ira A. Place

Charles F. Rand
Johnston L. Redmond
Ogden Mills Reid
Prof. H. M. Richards
John D. Rockefeller
W. Emlen Roosevelt

James Speyer
Frederick pas
F. K. Stu

B. B. Thay er
Charles es Thompson

ae Wardell
H. H. alse lai

n Winthro)
Grenville L. Winthrop

Council

Mrs. te Sete
n B. Sloa

F. de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Advisory Council

Mrs. E. cig tina

Mrs. John I.

A. Scrymser

Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes

PUBLICATIONS OF
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embodying results of investigations carried Ha a the Garden. Free to all
members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its twelfth

Line
merican Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America,

igauaine GHEE the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be
completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of fourormore
parts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate
parts will be sold for $2.00 ce Uae offered in Sarna ]
Vol. 3, part 1, 1910. Nectria

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Vol. 7, parts 1-8, 1906-1922. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae (pars). (Parts
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Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae
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)
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Vol. 16, fey I, 1909. pe ena ese eaceae (pars).

ol.
Vol. 21, Bares 1-3, I 16-1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allioniaceae. 4
Vol. 22, parts 1-6, 1905-1918. isevaaplgt enna fo !
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Vol. 25, parts I-3, 1907-1911. planers nieag lh ae

it

f aceae ( ars). a)
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ot p
An Annotated Catalogue of the F lora of Montana and the Yellow- ia

stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900,
Vol. II. The a aneence of et and Darkness upon Growth and Develop-

68 ., with tes. I
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of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 594 pp., with 43 plates and many —
text figures. 191
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical
itten by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from
journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume, its

In the tenth volume
NEW YORK micas Pa GARDEN
Bronx Park, New York city .

December, 1923 No. 288

= JOURNAL

OF

4 T ‘
The New York Botanical Garden
: EDITOR
; HENRY ALLAN GLEASON
‘ Curator
CONTENTS
Botanical Observations in Northern Michigans helm eh oo cate. 273
Francis Alexander Schilling................00. 0-20 e eee eee eee 283
Public Lectures during December........... 2-05-20 0e ee eee eee ee 284
Notes, News and Comment............... 2-00 e cece teers 284
AMT ley Seng selcinalens 286
NTT eM eh dt tice bo vile e's vioielelbrsiela «cists acess 291

Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

OFFIOERS, 1923

Hingis ie rae S. LEE

ENRY W. DEFOREST
VicE-PRESIDENTS a K. STURGIS
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT aie eee as DE LA MONTAGNE
SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON

1. ELECTED MANAGERS

Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS
HENRY W. ss Ce FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
W. J. MATH W. GILMAN THOMPSON
‘m expires January, 1925
HENRY pEFOREST BALDWIN ADOLPH LEWISOHN

PAUL D. CRAVATH BARRINGTON MOORE
JOSEPH P. HENNESSY WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1926 ¢
EDWARD D. ADAM (Oe L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. DAFOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS

2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor OF THE City or NEw York
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC ee
ROF. R. A. HARPER
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER DR. TREDERIC S. LE
PROF. Meares GIES HON. GEORGE J. RYA AN
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY

neces ae

DR. A B.S Ty
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, rape aie
KENNETH Ha BOYNTON, Head Gar
ARAH HARLOW, Lib; ihe
H. RUSBY, Eiaarary Curator of the Economic Collections
PMELIZABETH He TTON, Honore Curator of Mosses

athe
ART HUR Ar CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings pei ‘Groad

JOURNAL

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. XXIV December, 1923 No. 288

BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS IN NORTHERN
MICHIGAN

The state of Michigan is characterized by two distinct and
important types of vegetation, the hardwood, broad-leaved
forest of the central _ oe central ees Saas and the
Canada.

evergreen, nee dle-]
e former is Peetominant in the soutien te of a lower
that

penin nsula, where
of the vicinity of New York City. In the northern part of the
state the two forest types meet, and here they have for centuries
waged a war for supremacy. Ecologists aver that the ey
has slowly but surely turned in favor of the beech, maple,

oak of the southern forest, which have gradually pushed fe:
and farther to the north, while the pine, spruce, and fir of the
northern forest have steadily retreated northward toward

anada.
Little evidence of this botanical contest now remains.

a third and much more eile for rce—man, arme

tacked. Asa result of nearly halfa century cf lumbering, almost

none of the original pane forest is left.
an has pene its Biological Station

miles south of the Straits of Mackinac. Courses of instruction
274

274

in botany and zoology dine been offered every summer for the
past fifteen years, and numerous graduate students find there
ens ee for resea arch in many different lines,
tan

re see scas ogee cee soon becomes an ardent con-
Eanes if he not one before.

he pine land is Meek poorly adapted to agriculture and

has been allowed to stand continuously idle. After lumbering,
is lef he

pines begins immediate ye _ Thousands of pine seedlings appear
and grow rapidly.

and the aspen aaa would soon be replaced by young one
forest if it were not for fires. Fires originate through the
carelessness of aes and fishermen, from temporary camps,
from attempts of the farmers to clear land, ig reas from
locomotives, and doubtless in other ways as In any case,

They are brush fires, feeding on the ground litter and the self-
pruned branches ae a — but they are Not enouel to aes
the aspens and the ng pin They fav
aspens, and the aie owing year eee gener afion sent
springs up, while the trees killed by the — fire soon fall to the
d to furnish a new supply of fuel. ee dismal cycle is
a

On the University property, which has been repeatedly devas-
tated by fires, two small areas have escaped for the past several

275

years. On one of them the last fire was apparently in 1901.

There the aspens form a low forest, beneath which fine young

pines are growing vigorously. In a few years more the aspens

will be dead, and the pines will grow faster ae ie better light.

Possibly ten years will place this area beyond danger from
h

Th
eee decayed and are See by a thrifty growth of healthy
rush fire

these hundreds of miles of aspen thickets, dreary, monotonous,
valueless, but capable of eng millions of feet of the finest
quality of white pine lum

ne Condon in the es forests is somewhat different.

py a better t f soil, with fair or good
agricultural posites There is of c e little reason for
using forest if a greater revenue c e obtained
pies — tre But the hardwood forest, as we e,
doe some sort of protection from an esthetic, scientific,
mae oe ical pence int. Michigan's forests ma us

and wealthy, and were the foundation on which scores of private

its historic interest, or the Yosemite for its beauty, or the bison

276

for its scientific interest, surely the Michigan forests are equally
deserving.
Th d

" 48 fe £ an th lot

th
the trees. It also means the immediate « eee for that
locality, of numerous other plants and an The coral-root,

r ts, on the other
after a reasonable amount of forest clearing. Thi is statem a

ek develoguients during twelve years’ experience with the
ion

The bogs of northern Michigan shelter a surprising number

all directions through the bog, and these are at once occupied
by thousands of plants, among which may be found far more of
the rarer species or of those with beautiful flowers than in the

¢
arbor-vitae bog, is bordered with hundreds of plants of the wood
lily (Lilium piladelphicun). Pak anes it seems to have grown

est at the very margin of these swamps where they open out on
the sandy beach of a lake. Ti is quite probable that they have
increased a hundred-fold since man began his operations in that
region.

But numbers may be a aca aaaa Ae for the very aes nce
of these plants leads to their downfa In one bog near the

e least accessible parts of the bog. The others have been ex-

277

terminated by flower pickers. In the same place, the less

and on Stems sixteen inches high, ne which the light seeds are

}

few small tracts of uncut hardwocd may be found in almost

animals seem to euDeet on the roots as much as on the ley
and stems, and
in a short ti ime, I looked - vain for the wild ee ‘Cilia
tricoccum) wh icre
By great Get fortune, opportunity arose to visit, in company
ith Dr. L. R. Dice, of the

yea

caused usually by wood- oe ‘fungi, especially various

species of polypores, which are very abundant. The dead

trunks ulemoately. al, canard a hole where they stood, and

piling upah hen the work

a“ eae Bos oe apace until pra nes ee the ae or
a pile of earth

278
site. The floor of the forest isa i ies of these ri ridges,
heaps, and pits, so that travel is slow i
The forest floor during the late summer is covered by a

and goldenrod al elie normally flower at this season, but

under y sterile. The numerous fruiting

plants of raspberry, gooseber try, arrow pond: partridge-berry,
fo) ndi ate

ae

season of April and May finds ihe | forests - with bloodroot,
‘h hes nemones, but no trace of these

set eee Be Poe Mason aie ferns a commons and the
fh

and the

are ubiquitous. Decayed logs are marked by patches of en-
Ss

sh
All these herbaceous plants are suprouncied and 7
concealed by an unbroken mass of seedling maple trees. The
Sueat maple eecms to set seed vad — every year, and its
the million. f them

to every square foot of the forest. "ecdlingbiches and elms are

es 8
insight into the struggle for existence in the forest ee shows in

the
Ifa ate a is assumed to live 350 years and to occupy 400
d these figures are approximately correct,
there spring uP ‘beneath it during this one generation no less than
Of these the vast majority succumb
during or at the end of thelr first year, and only 70,000 persist

n
eventually becomes a forest veteran. So one may find beneath
a mature tree, in any single year, some 4000 seedlings, 400 two-

279

TT

year seedli 0 to five feet high, five saplings,
and one pe sized ieee. Pa to replace the veteran when it
ies
e facts that there are no hemlock seedlings, and have not
been during the past twelve years, notwithstanding annual vari-
n

This lads area lies on the crest of the high morainal region
which covers some ects . aS es in he upper ae
of the tee peninsula of Mic f well
over 1300 feet. This ee descends to Lake Michigan in a

onsite Weectation tha apparently hardwood and white pine.

d through the great hardwood forest, one

reaches the familar type of cut-over land covered with aspens

and interspersed with a few farms, and this type of landscape
extends east as far as Gaylord.

We turned north from Gaylord to the

plateau, where the well-made oa Cone pata views

of miles of rolling, forested country, and eae west approxi-

Here the coun-

tryisunusually rough panies Thevalleyscontain peat bogs

hills and fed by: ae water as se tem the high pies
to the south. In this plateau regio:
toa Te Pay wate percolates at once into ce “sandy
soil

spr ings into
sees out from te bas At the remote, almost inaccessible, but
hi ile o

s tr
with a better supply of ei eee moisture, supports a better

280

growth of beech than the forests of the high ecieee and also

conta a fe ew herbaceous species not seen ag
1

woo To
Rehige, ie ee tpi a tract ve some eet thousand acres
along the shore of Lake Michigan west of Mackinaw City. A
oe road, barely peeeict for ney cars, has been conietucted
into the preserve from d lumber town of Cecil Bay,
following closely the shore of the lake. On both trips to the
Refuge, came: Sikes made on the enor of Big Stone eek which
h for E f the region

The animal life in ee Retuxe includes a eeneauais increasing
herd of deer, a few bear and otter, and numerous fox, beaver,
eee raccoon, ats cupine, snow-shoe rabbit, and velco os
spec! Aquatic birds are plentiful ace thé shallow
The ‘ple nt life i is not less interesting. Destructive on ia
not eens oe Reruee, according - local reports at deaet oe
183

lumber

the ieee of the State. Most of the tract is comparatively low,
rising only a few feet above the present level of the lake, and a

high, with a aa ae assemblage of the usual dune plants
gr

juniper. (J. sibtrica), with occasional trees of balsam ues Dine:
Behind these dunes of recent origin lies a

vitae, in which the trees are so crowded that progress through

them is slow and difficult. Here the shade is so dense that

occupiss 2 series of parallel beach ridge, ineke the progress of
| Lake Nipissing

281

‘o the modern Lake Michigan. These ridges are broad and flat

drops eas Dain may be oe and there the
es st shows an admixture of pine and balsa
Behind this. series of ridges, at what was fences the shore of

Lake Nipissing, lies a series of high sand dunes, formed by the
waters of ee pEeHietarie lake, and far exceeding ane ne of
the present lake in size. Completely invisible ata
throu agh. me “dense forest of arbor-vitae, they give the explorer
adi when he suddenly re as nies a sue pak
and the surprise is heightened when t o be
a hundred feet high

On the slope of the dune the vegetation changes acne
to the familiar aspen thickets, underlaid with bracken fern and

there is a complex of dunes before ins all with precipitous slopes,

the whole scene gives a charming picture of ve getation in its
virgin state, and one which can pee be matched at the

Michigan. This pcint has been built up re the well-known

n tag
t one point waves have until recently flowed analy across
the point. Here sand deposits have isolated a shallow beach

282

pool, inhabited by the bulrush (Scirpus cen and the three-
square rush (Scirpus americanus), and bounded by a broad
beach but little above the lake level. This beach f natural
botanical a eee n, which is particularly gay wi ith flowers during
late sum Of the numerous species represented, three
deserve meee mention. Around the scattered rocks piled on
the beach are small mats of Selaginella apus, fr eae associ-
inoides

sen pains the rocks ate thousands of pale yellow. -green

aes of spethcen Aiseibition

Encroachment of the forest on the ne oe Deeins with the
appearance of the shrubby y along
the curving lines of ee boulders, gees the limit of wave
nae ice action at some former time ese are soon followed
by the arbor-vitae, while a t Gligeme area still remains back of this
eae ridge, slightly lower in general elevatio’, Jp oe of ie
forest proper. The formation his narrow |
the exclusion: of wave action, and its colonization by Ps ants, re-
presents in a small way the past histor of the larger post-Nipis-
sing beach ridges apelin ne

One object in the trip to th e preserve was the findin
of plants of tne lake- Pee iris s (ris a) in ete vata
habitat. They were found, growing by with thei
narrow green leaves so close together that the plant formed an
actual sod on the ground. Contrary to expectations, this dwarf

seen, but itis said to flower abundantly. A 1 of specimens
we ly transplanted to New e now gro in
the herbaceous collection at the Botanical Gard

Completely surrounded by coniferous forest of the re-

r any 1 ‘et
small tract of beech-maple forest, with a total area not.exce a ng
forty acres. The herbaceous species 7 this forest are few in
number and many of th
of the usual type are absent. Several of those present belong
rather in the surrounding arbor-vitae forest, and the others,

283

with a very few exceptions, have seeds or fruits easily dissemin-
ated by wind or birds. This condition, and the small size of the
deciduous trees in comparison with the hemlocks, suggest that
this tract is a recent development, derived by an immigration
into a favorable spot of certain species from the extensive hard-
woods of the morainal hills three or four miles south.

H. A. GLEASON.

FRANCIS ALEXANDER SCHILLING

Colonel Francis races oe eae of the Museum
Building of the New Yor anical Garden, died at his home

poe aaa He was in his ninety-first year, having been born
twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and thirty-three, in

He came to New York when about eighteen ale of age.
His military service was nearly continuous over many years
from his enlistment as a private in the eadea | New York

served as a Signal Officer, Reginental Adjutant and eee in
the fifty-fifth regiment, and alah ae in the battles of York-
illiamsburg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run,

n
ferred to a new position, that of Custodian of the Museum Build-
ing, and this he occupied continuously to the day of his death.
Colonel Schilling was esteemed and beloved by all who knew
him, as an oe as a friend and asa m
Resolved: That ee Board of Managers deplore
their loss a that of the Garden, in the death of
one of its oldest and most faithful officials, and

284

Resolved: That the foregoing preamble and re-
— be printed in the Garden eal and that
copy be sent to his bereaved fam
oe L. Britton,
Secretary,

Approved by the Board of aig of the

New York Botanical Garden

November 15th, 1923

PUBLIC LECTURES DURING DECEMBER

The December course of public lectures and demonstrations
was given in the Ce ntral ee Greenhouse of Conservatory

Dec. 1. ‘Australian nee Mr. . R. Boynton.
Dec. 8. ‘‘Air-plants.”’ Dr. H. A. Gleason.
Dec. 15. ‘When a tropical vegetation eae in Alaska.”

r. Arthur Hollick.
Dec. 22. ‘Ferns of the Tropics.” ae . A. Howe.
Dec. 29. ‘Cocoa and chocolate.” ’ Dr. W. A. Murrill.

NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
One of the maidenhair-fern trees (Ginkgo biloba), located near
the Mosholu Parkway Entrance to the Garden, bore about
a hundred fruits this fall. They began falling about November
hi

ae pies in 1 the United Saas is a native - aes
Asia and th f

amily, a order,

wich formerly included twenty or more species of ponent
geographic distribution.

Cones appeared for the first time this year on our specimens of
Alcock’s spruce; lace-bark pine, and dwarf Japanese red pine, all
of which are represented by young trees in the Pinetum. The
great Bhotan pines are also bearing heavily and their long gray-
green cones are very attractive.

285

ree fruits ripened this year on the Chinese wax gourd,
Benincasa cerifera. They are cylindric, about one foot long by
half as thick, with white flesh and seeds.
F John. K. Small, Sa curator, det for Hone oven rer 20,
for fur ther |
to cover several thousand miles in northern Florida and the pen
insula. The principal objects of the trip are the securing af

0a:

propagating houses. Studies will be continued on the zamias,
cacti, and spider lilies now installed in the reservations of Mr.
Charles Deering near Miami

An excellent set of seventy sample pa ae of species of
Clavaria, principal genus of the coral-fungi, has recently been
sent to the Garden herbarium by Professor W. C. Coker, of the
Uaeniyy of North Carolina, who is the author of the latest

ok on this interesting family of fungi. These specimens will
be very valuable for determining new material in this group.

The tulip planting season ended November 15, when a total
of 80,550 bulbs had been placed in the ground. These are all

ollan n
proximately half are Darwins, cupy
flower beds of the Horticultural Grounds. The rest include
Breeders, Cottage, and Double and Single Earlies in 85 varieties,
and are planted in the court of Conservatory Range I

a
wn
<
FS)
a)
o
a.
38
nw’ Aas
a
3
Qa
Q
a
ct
im”
oa

eat fra

The November one I d registered
students of the Garden I hall of the Museum
Building on the afternoon of November 7. Dr. A. B. Stout

It is planned to publish an abstract of this report in a late
number of this Journal.

Meteorology for October. The total precipitation for the mo
was 4.29 inches, all of Bas ie slight traces) at ae th
day of the 14th. The ma:

286

week were 78° on the 2nd, 74° on the roth, 72° on the 20th and
68 tl h. e mi

y h The imum temperatures were 37° on the

th, 43° on the gt n the 17th and 32.5° on the 27th re
was a light killing frost in limited areas during the night of the
7th, when the t re 37°, and also on the morning of
the 27th, when rature recorded at the station was

he temp:
32.5°, but neither of these injured the dahlias in the bor
ee ting
. Charles Frederick Millspaugh, Curator of the Depart-
ment tof Botany in the F ie eld Museum of Chicago, since 1894, died

. St Cai” Pai bP gaasakaaial ail (with N. [. Bitton)

Bahama Flor. He accompanied New York Botanical
Ciics eyo ions : the Behamesi in 1904, 1905, and 1907, and
he was a frequent visitor at the Garden. Dr. Millspaugh com-
bined an artistic touch with practical ingenuity. His display of
plants and plant products in the Field Museum attracted great

in the Fi eld Miuecun 4 is to bear his cand fu rther eee

ments of I plans Sleft by him
ACCESSIONS
Museums AND HERBARIUM
f fl | f North America. (By hange with

the Missouri Botanical Garden.)
I specimen of Trifolium hybridum from Florida. (Given by Mr. Severin
Ra A
ecimen of Anthericum from Texas. (By exchange with the United
Staten’ National Museum.

287

50 specimens of flowering plants from Victoria, Australia. (By exchange
= National Herbarium of Victoria.
specimens of flowering plants from Vermont. (Given by Dr. H. M.
eas

1 specimen of Tagetes minuta from California. (Given by Professor C.S.
Pomeroy.

I specimen of Perularia flava from Indiana. (Given by Mr. C. C. Deam.)

3 photographs of type specimens of Lupinus. (By exchange with the
United States National Musew
s of Hepaticae from E! Salvador. (By exchange with the

United States National Museum.
I specimens of ere from Connecticut and Vermont. (By exchange
: nai

20 specimens of marine algae from Puget Sound. (Given by Mr. J. M.
supe

1 If af Calif,

of D: et (By exchange
oa oe University o Ga a.)
4 specimens of Corallina — "Chara from Anticosti Island. (Given by Mr.
Johansen
pecimen of Nutella epaca from Newfoundland. (Given by Mr. Frits
Johans en.)

f Aloe and M b h Kew

(Acquired trom Mr. N. E. Brown.)

— (Given by Mr. A. A. HpRatS

17P grap Pp ew. (Acquired from Mr. N.
Bro’ is

I specimen . ie from South Carolina. (Given by Miss Laura M. Bragg.)

126 specim of flowering plants from Greenland. (By exchange ats
Dr. M. P. Porsild

I specimen of Yucca {i rom Colorado. (Given by Mr. John C. Johnson.)
§ specimens of flowering plants from Arkansas and Florida. (Given by
Dr. R. M. Harper.
22 specimens of flowering plants from Idaho. (By exchange with Mrs.
M. E. Soth.
I a of Oreocarya stricta from Colorado. (Given by Mr. George E.
Oster' os
cimens of mosses from Hispaniola. (By exchange with the United
State "National Museu
specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with the
division of Drug, Poisonous, and Oil plants, Bureau of Plant Industry,
Washington, D.
I specimen of Spirits. Reenwardtii from Philippine Islands. (By exchange
with the Bureau of Science, Manila.
341 specimens of orchi ids (By exchange with the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.

10 specimens of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National
Mu: useum.)

68 specimens of flowering plants Varia European species) from the
Bronx. (Collected by Dr. John K. Small.)

288

I specimen of .Cerastium velutinum. (Given by Dr. Arthur Hollick.)
I pear men — Perablerts sp. (Carboniferous.) (By exchange with Miss
Eda,M..Ri
I tees ee fossil wood of Seg (?). (By exchange with Mr. Chester
A. Reeds.)
198 specimens of flowering plants from Alaska. (By exchange with Mr.
J. P. Anderson.)
1 specimens of flowering plants ffom. Utah and Montana. (By exchange
with Professor A. O. Garrett.
13 photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the United eee National
periee de
cimens of miscellaneous grasses. (By exchange with the Royal
ee Garden ns, Kew. :
2 specimens of Cerastium vulgatum from New York. (Collectéd- by Dr,
ick.

9 specimens of Trifolium Caan aiare species) from sae and ee aa

(By exchange with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washingto. 9)
2 specimens of fungi from Ontar. - (By exchange with oles John
Dearness.

oO specimens, “ North ay Uredinales”’ centuries 28 and 29. (Dis-
tributed by Elam Bartholor
1 specimen = Clathrus paneer from Georgia, (By exchange with Miss

I specimen - ee alboluteus from Colorado (Collected by
Professor Ellsworth Bethel.)
3 specimens of po race from British Guiana, (Given by the American
cpacnenes of cng sie ae y.)
Ip BD (Given by Prof. H. C. Beardslee.)
500 specimens a fungi from Florida. (Collected by Dr. W. A. eee
I specimen of Ophiobolus Caricett from New York. (Given by Mr.
Kirby.
2 specimens of Riccia. (By exchange with Professor Alexander W. Evans.)
16 specimens of flowering plants from New York. (Collected by De
oe Hollick.
0 specimens of lichens from Kodiak, Alaska. (By exchange with Miss
Ruth Mylroie.
2 specimens of Falcaria vulgaris from New York. (Given by Mrs. Tessie
K. Fi rank,
otographs of i f Water's “A
ace with Mr. Oakes Am s.)
uae s of Cirsium from Minnesota. (Given by Professor J. M.
Holzinge:
40 specimens of flowering plants from Wyoming. (Given by Professor
)

J. F. Kem

husa divaricata.”’ (By ex-

F f fl ing ph from the Cedar Glades, Tennessee. (Given
by Dr. R..M. Harper.)
6 ac of eee plants from Florida. (Given by Brother Hugh
O'Neill.)

289

specimens . fungi from British Guiana. (By exchange with the
ens, ferns, and oo plants from peninsular

50 liche
Florida. “Cate ted by Dr. John K, Small.)

raphs of living plants of Mesembryanthemum. (Acquired from

rown.
toys aaa of fungi from Trinidad. (By exchange with the University
of bb
cimen of Oxyrhyncus volubilis. (By exchange with the Bureau of
Plant peenres Washington.
I specimen of Phyllosticta mida from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
Dr. L. O. Overholts.)
204 specimens of fungi from British Guiana. (Collected by Professor F.
L. Stevens.
(Given by Prof.

4 specimens of rusts from New York and New Jersey.

H. S. Jackso
673 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico, Trinidad, British Guiana, and

Hawaii. (Collected by Profes ssor F. L. Ste

ritish Guiana. (By exchange with the

26 specimens a rom.
American Museum of Natural Histo:
30 specimens, “Fungi Dal kotenses” fascicle 22. (Distributed by Dr.
J. F. Brenckle.)
40 specimens of rusts from Trinidad. (By exchange with Dr. Roland
Thaxter.
(Collected by Prof.

28 Peale of fungi from Panama and Costa Rica.
F. L. Stevens.)

INDEX

Aborigines of Florida
Academy of pean New York 188
Acanthocereus 31, 63, 239

a

mM
percent see New York Botanical

4, 67) 194, 220, 227, 231
Anoaihn 218

nt cradles in dark-
spored 71

Agave 8, 26-28, 35, 41, 65, 130, 213,
216, 228

eee

laska, The Fossil flora of 46

lium

f 4)
sates land, lorida
a sata an ce Museums 88
67

\merica
imericatk Iris aes 140, 143
merican Museum of Natural His-

Sm b> top bp a th R RRR DP D'e BRR DR SDR SD
t 5
$ = Tc PeSsh
oO
F<]
N

alus
Amyri. peso 06
Anamomis 28, 29, 41, 65, 203, 205,
230
Pas 118, 234
Andersen, Folm ig 98
Andromeda 2
Andropogon ery 203, 215
Anemone 278

Annonaceae 103
A peehea 253

194,

Appreciation of es Stout’s work in
California, An 189

ralia, Janchese 8

\rbor- aes 280, 282

rbutus 253, 276

but $8
en

a 60
ne we 245
i os ae

Sp bs bp ts te ke >
22

ier 33, 34, 197, 218, 219
\rro a 233, 278

Artem

Ar thon

A eureka tune 241

Arthrostylidium 58

Ascle.

Ascyrum 35, 244

Ash, eee 253, 254

oe 229-231

she,

peel 19

ne

Aspen 274, aa 281

Asplentnm 54, ae

Aster 22, 40, 65, 2

Aster 14, 17, 25, 3, 65, 195, 233, 2535
278, 280

Golden Ta, 39, 31, 34, 39
New England 256
Purple 256
White-topped 244
Atamosco 14, 195
Atamosco oe 14, 129, 195
Athyrium 1
Auliza 2 oe ae
Australian pine 133, 214
ov

95, 2
Az alee tal i 253
a ed 253
Wills

Azolla 2 ee

Babineye 55

Bucchars 5: 22, 26, 32, 222
Bacidia

Backhou OC. H. 73
Basen 79, 103
Badiera 9

291

292

Bahamian nightshade 209
Bailey, L. H. 48, 143, 268
Baker’ J. G.7
Ba ee Witham 65, 67, 69, 109, 152,
198, 2
alia Charles ie
ate ie on
wart, Carl 119
nyan 38

ly 8
. 71, 87, 119, 121
ublications during 1922 81
Barn. HAR tT, Je
Biographical notes 5-7, 21,
65, ur a

27,

145,
Bartram, John

Batis 30, 2
hi

pita
Bay-ber

ard- tong
ns

278
I eech 253, 273, 277, 278
eegartcks oe 32, 63, 207, 216

enedict, R i C. gar 167, 247
enincasa
enzoin 19.

idens 29, 32, 33, 63
iographical notes, see Barnhart,
jJ.H.

Biological Station, University of
Michigan 143, 273
Birch 253, 274
Alleghany 250, 254
Red 9
River 9
Water 15
Yellow 277, 278
ee and Tree Club, New York 167,
Bird pad ae 253

of. rida
of Mountain nia 250
of New ces Botanica Garden:
Winter 2
Bisby,

G.
Black, ee 88
Blac. 251

231
angiove 28, 29, 62, 203,221,223
a

bea
berry ae. oe 66, 194, 202, 251
ck-eyed Susan 232

la «jack oak 7 Il, 13, 34, 234
kroot 217, 244
k-torch a
ckweed 2
derwort : 34 95, 195, 197, 235
Blake, S. F. 9.
Bla piet fowee If
hnum 32

Bloo

almetto 111
lueberry 34, 251, 253, 281
lue-curls 36
lue-eyed grass 245, 255
lue-hearts er
lue-stem 9, 2
obbink & oe ne 142
oehmeria 2
ogert, M. T. 247

10} uCco- ae 0 62
Bolivian species of Vernonia 23, 24

orrichia 237
otanical exploration of us Rico
and the Virgin Islands 9.

293

lf f Mountain Lake

rg

Bocca observations in northern
Michigan 273

Botany OL Porto as and the Virgin
Islands 188,

: 2, 87, 103, 120,
12], 141, 14 247, 284
Publications during 1922 81
Boynton : K, R.

Garden fo corms of Nae 73
se garden 158
7) 253, 274, 281

Bracket fungus 87, 129
Brake

« G. 47, 93-95) 1
ublications during oe 81
Burrow,
Cultiv ations of the fringed gen-
tian 258
Britton, N. L. 47, 102, 188, 260
Publications during 1922 81
BRITTO: L.
Botanical of Por
Rico o and. the ation Islands .
Britton, N. d J. N. Rose Pub-
ications Ane 1922 82
Bri , N.L., and P. vee Pub-

Bronx Sociaty of Arts, Science and
History 104

Brownell, L.w.8
her 49 C. 59
Buchholz, John T. 268

Buchnera 232
Buckberry 17

Buckthorn 40, 213, 222

Silver 65
uellia 2
uffalo-berry 282
Bullace grape 228
ulrush 131, 282
umelia 65, 213, 222, 228
urbridge, F.
rt clover 198
ureau of ne a es 166
urkholder, W.
ush clover 36.

. 268
pies e, Experiments with Chinese

Cahoave palm
palmetto 1 a 130, 134
tree io 1 19, 22, 23, 26, 30, 33,
ve 67, 69, 219, 220, 230, 237,

Cabbage eee, Sabal Palmetto, The
I

3
‘allicar ‘pa 19, 22, ae 55

a 65, 233
‘o Brothers 59
arex 58

203
aribbean pine 132, 242
‘arolina aster 65

‘arrion-flower 253

294

assytha 39
‘astalia 25, 219
astanea 17

pa 4

wha-tree 4

-brier 129, 228, 253

7 by, | mae - a 149, 155

So “ew 215, 2 27
at-tail 33, e 131, 195
edar 23, 1
Red a OF. 4l, 199) 207
ee zed 5,6

ae 3, 26, 35, 41, 65, 213,
216, ee

Cephalanthus 231, 235

Cee 212

ephalotaxus
Ceratiola 32, 39, 40, 221
Ceratezamia
Cerbera 206
Cercis 263, 2
Cerothamnus 12, 19, 23, 34, 233
Cestrum 58,
Chain fern 2
Chamaecrista 204, 2
Chamaerops 109, 111, 114
Chanterel 2
Chapman, ne c 8
Chapman's
Cha: bdgne eens zp 47; 88, 99

Chenopodium 63

Sand 280
Cherry laurel 204

Chickweed 2

Chimarrhis 61

Chinese cabbage, Experiments with
Chinquapin 17

Chiecocca 41, 65, 203, 206, 227, 228,

241

C reba

Chrysobalanus ah 41, 62, 217
Chrysophyllum
Chrysopses He 30. ar, 34, 39
Cimicifuga 2
Cinquefoil & 35 ee

Shrub 28:

Cirsium 19, 195, 221, 227, 236, 280
iSSUS 239

ocoa rue oo 41, 62, 217
Coe, E. Pr

Coffee, “wine 65, 203, 217, 230, 236
Coho: sh, Blue 278

work in California 189
Coker, C. 88, 143, 2!
Cola a cae i
Colic- 244, 246
Cle (see also Donors and Ex-
changes)
eals, on
I ethel, Ellsworth 288
ritton, E. G. g1, 269-272
Htton. N . L. 269, 270, 272
swell, W. H. 272
larke, Geo. H.
ruz, J. S. de la 121
enslow, H. M
aton, M. E. 272
leason, H.
rimes, E. Jer 192
Hollick, A. 91, 138, 123, 192, 272,
288

Marquand, Mrs. 270
Mosier, pe A. 272

Mosier ao Winkeler 272
Murrill, W. A, 288
Boos orton E. oo

Pur,
Reichert, F.L. 270

295

Runyon, epee gt, 272 Crawford, L. W. 166
eel ae Creeping fig 8
Sim juni 80
Shotisber, Gat ip re: bi
mall, J. K. 91, oH 269-272, ay 1, 13, 25
ee. a ‘ocanthemum 197
Small, J. W. 192, 269 room, H. B.
Si r, F. J. 269 ‘oomia 105
Standley, Paul - 122 rotalaria 94
Stevens, F. L. 2 roton 209
Stout, A. B., und A. Hollick 272 rown-beard 65
eeler, HS. 270 rown gall 70, 103
Cold ae Harbor Biological Lab- pow ores 8
oratory tuz, J. S. de la 44

Columbia Dnivenity 166, 188

Cryptogramma 119

Commelina 235

oe -plant 256

s trip to Pico Turquino 49

omplimen ate dinner to Dr. Birds of 57
Thompson ucumber tree
ee ce. 23, 46, 71, 86, 103, | Cucumber

Co

Connors, C. H.

bette 62, a 221

Conradina 30

Coin 206

Cook, Mel. T. 47, 48, 103, 120
Coo ae .T.

Blan
oe 1 13, 26, ee 134, 197, 242
Coral 2

erat ae ae 202

cancers 70

, Wild 2
ultivation of the fringed gentian

25
Currant, Golden 264
aoaee Di 229
Curujeyes 51

Coral Bean 207, 228 Cynoxylon 8, 194
fungi 285 Cyperus 32, 215
smilax 17 Cypi bie 4, 126, 127, 134, 209, 220,
Coral- 276 223, 229, 236
Cordia ‘ond 33, s an 237
Cordia 2 Corilte 55, 59, 2
C Cyriopodium 23

Cor
Corn

oeobse 33, 207, 216, 221, 245
253

ned: one Daffodil 73-80
Japanese 263 Dahlia 2
us 263 Dahlia border 167

stalk- borer 167 —

Cor: 6
Cor’ 114 ae 233
Cosmos 35 Holly -
Cosmos, Yellow 35 Dalbergia 3
Cotton 125 Dalbey, Nom E. 268
Wild 63, 237 Dale, Professor 95
Cow oak 106 Dalibarda 252
Cowberry 253 ndelion 3, 195
Cowell, John F. 98 False 2:
Tacca 195 Dasystephana 11
ranberry Daucus 3
Crataegus 194, 195 Dead nettle 3
Crawford, J. A. Publications during Deam, ache C. 88
19 Deer-gras

CRAWFORD, Feta A.
fei

Hardy ferns 114

256
Deering, Charles 6, 132, 194, 285

Dendropanax 53, 55

296

Dendrophthor Carnegie Institute of Washing-
Dendropogon ook 14, 19, 40, 195, 206, ton 144, 190
232 Chrysanthemum Society of
Dens.ow, H. M. merica 270
Thel local flora oe 260 Clark, Alt. F. 92
Desmothamnus 198, 2 Clarke, John Mason 190
Deutzia 265 Cockerell, T. D. A. 192
Devil’s-claw 62, 216, 239 Colt, Richard C. 248
Devil’s Garden 229 pons University, Trustees
Devil's-shoestring 195 oO
Devilwood 22 Co ok, M ate a
Devonian fossils 254 Corby, W.
Dewflower 235 Cottam, ‘ “Yerol, & Sons 248
De Winkler, John 132 Cowdry, N. H.
Dianthera 2. Cushing, Mrs. S. ‘Ts
Dickenson, Jonathan 145, 146 Dahliadel Nurseries a oak
Dickenson, William 245 oe arnell, W. L. W. 2
Dicranopteris 54, 60 287
Dictyonema 241 Dean ‘Iris Garden 2 271
a zat 63, 228, 239 Denslow, H. M. 91, 121, 287
Din ae Thompson, Compli- Department of Marine and
then ae Peers 9
i00n 136- Direccién de Agricultura, Mexi-
Dioscorea 253 co ae
Diospyros 17 Douglas,
Ditta 58, 59 Dreer, Henry A. 248
Dock 63, 195 Eddy & De Wreede 78
Doddei Everett, E. W. 270
Dodonaea 28, 21 Fairchild, Art
Doeilingeria 233, 244 Federal Horticultural Board 271
Dogbane a 3 Forest Garden 270
Dog-fennel 14, 2 217 ee rs. Mortimer J. 123, 190,
Dogwoad | . 127, "8 134, 194, 245
Ea: ae flowering 263 fark: Mrs. Tessie K. 288
Dondia 2 ee Geo, W. 248
Pee (see also Collectors and Ex- Ae I
hanges) obnd, Mrs. Bertha L. 270
Abel, L. Ho: gI nt, J. M. 28
Alling, C. Louis 91, 24 reinberg, Reinhold 248
American Museum of Natural ross, Mr:
History 28. na A.
abylon Dahlia Gardens 91, 248 r, R. M. een oe 288
arnhart, J. H. 90 estar Wm
eardslee, H. C. 288 entschel, A.
ll, M - 271 ae Dahlia Farm 248
erry, S. 5. 271 , Brother 122
essie Boston Dahlia Farm 92 ollie, Arthur 122, 288
ethel, Elleworth 122 olzinger, J.M. 288
obbink & Atkins 270 unter, Arthur oe
Bragg, Laura M, 287 Jackson, H. S. 2:
randeg S. 122 Jacob, Chas. W., Se Allison 272
ritton, Elizabeth G. 89, 90 Johansen, Fritz 122, 287
ritton, N. L. 89, 124, 191 John Lewis Childs, In nc. 270
x Girl Scouts 271 Johnson, Geo, 270
roomall, J. J. 91, 24! Johnson, a 2 287
uchholz, J. T. 122 Jost, Wm
Bureau of Entomology 122 <emp, J. ae
urns, W. F. 122 <imball, Katharine 89
‘ampbell, Frank W. 270, 271 Kirby, R. S. 288

Lloyd, Mrs. 271
ackenzie, . 123
Magee, John
Mallory, Mrs Chiils 90
Manz, Ludwig J. 270, 271
Mastick, -5.C. or
Matheson, Wm. ‘Joo ae
McCormick, D.. M

McKinney, ‘Mrs. we a 270, 271
Meachen me sheones 92, 248
Merrill, E. D. 9

Metzler, F. Eo
Mills & Co. 9
Movilla Gardens 271

Torrey Botanical ae 89
Treeaee lee

Ulke, T:

Vi nent R ale ris ay 248
Waite, W.

Walker ee or a

ee orth, e

Weed ‘Landscape Pursery 271
Whones nes
rJ.C.9

Dunes. of Florida. 26 31, 36, 37, 41
nat ne ae
Duran

8
sterhout Ge eorge E. 287
‘ack, Charles Lathrop go
‘aquet, aed as
‘arsons. Henry c ih 192
ckham, Mrs. a 271
‘omeroy, C. S. 287
pyre University, Trustees
of 1
'yle, Robert 124
uinby, F. P ao
Rapp, Severin 2 28
toyal Botanic ‘arden 123
ugg, oe

usby, ne
itherfordy Mrs. H.W. 270
271

locombe "5 a Gardens gl,
248

Smith, Elmer D. 144

Smith; L. D. G. 91

on, W. G. 90

278
Baad a aaa 198
oak 221
Saliett 128, 133, 195

Early- sores shrubs 262

Eggleston, W. Me a 88, 143

Ebner. Eri k 4

Elaeodendron a

Elaphoglossum 54, 55

Elaphrium 230

Elder 22, 217, 219, 251
Marsh 222

ymus 280
d ea loas 136, T
nchani nightshad le 278
soa fe , 213, 232, 243
um =

q
ieeron Foe. 197
Agno & 196, 197

] ee 206, 228

upatorium 14, 22, 26, 32, 65, 217,
252

Euphorbia

Euan

Evander Childs High School 47, 143

no A Ae oe

167
ing Pri 205, 207
vergreens, "Relation to soil 3

Ev
Evolvulus 234.

xchanges fies also Collectors and
‘Bon

American ae of Natural

m Berlin

ureau of Plant Industry 287-
erie

ureau of Science, ae 287
harleston Sea um, 269
‘ockerell, T, D, A. 272
ts Ys WN. gI

wdry, N. H. 269

Patty. R. Sons
earness, John 2

eparem rtm ent of Sparks, Man-
Dixon, ROHL,
Douglas, ‘Myeon E. 270
Dubois: fe 2

arle, FS.

Evan Alckander W. 288
Garrett, A. O. 2
George,

ar eee
Missouri fae Garden 286
Murrill, W. A. 270

Exochorda 2
Exothea 203

Mylroie, Miss Ruth 288
National Herbarium of Victoria

2
Natural History Museum, Vien-
na 122

Nehrling, H. 271

a oe pave Experi-

69
288
useultn, Stocidhalm 192
Ro omeo
Roig, Poteau ae
oes Ruth 274
ae , Eda M.
val Bo tanic eee 271, 287,
ges
Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta
a

Run
Setchell W. ‘K 68
Sim iK.

D. M. 271
jimons ‘Mrs. Lewis 270
Slater, L. 27
Small, J
Smith College 271
Soth, Mrs. M

Stu

Then Holand 289
rabut, L. 2

Tenity College 271

Uni States patment of
pene re 121, 271

a States Geslosical Survey

United States National Herbari-
Mm 122, 123
United States National Museum
8

Pee E. T. 269-271
65
thea 2:

299

Experiments with Chinese cabbage

44
Exploration in Florida 1, 23, 26, 62,
125, 1

rg)
Fairchild, Arthur S. 97. 368
Fairchild, aye 132, 133
False

dan de ton nm 204
fly-poison 196
hoi und tongue 33

7
pimpernel 197, 218, 232
Solomon's-seal 252
‘ales a4
Fare

mead
Farr, ei tard H. 268

Fern Society, oe 167
Ferns 63, 127
Hardy ae
Fetterbush 198
High 8, 38, 41, 68, 206, 228, 230
Creeping 8
_ Strangling 41, 228, 230

Fire pink 253
Fires, Effect on plants 274

Fisher, G. C. 72, 165, 167, 267
Fisher, Geo. L. 268
Sees H. M. 88, 268
Flag 244, 2

Blue 23, 134, 195, 196, 232
Flax 219

Yellow 227
gee ree nae 197

Floating hee 33; 197, 2
Florida. Exploration in a

ae and the
al 93

Green deserts and dead gardens
193
rae = the question mark 1,

Sprt ein 125
Florida moss 14, 19, 125, 126, 195,
206, 232
Florida Se 19
Flower-: vas 103
Fly-poison 253
4 ice ie
Fogg, J. M. 48
I cae, John I M., Jr. 268
orestie:

ossil flora of pena ine 46

2
rench mulberry 19, 22, 41
ringe-tree 195
Fringed gentia 259
Cu vation oe ae 258
Bai ie gent ians, How to have 256
roe a 36
rogs 2

Fan ae

of Amboina 48
Fungus, Bracket 87, 129
Gager, C. S. 102
Gatllardia 14

ne clia 207, 217, 242
Galax 252

lium 27
Gall, ‘Crown 70, 103
Gall-berry 32

Gandia Coniova, Ramon 100

d, Conn, 121
Garden forms of satel 73
a 59

Garrya

G Bulb Growers’ Association
2
Gentian 1
he fringed 28
Fringed 256-259
Gentians, How to have fringed 256
Geobalanus 64, 207, 228, 237
Georgia 4
Ce Wild 255, 278
Gink,
Ginsen ae oe

Girl Scouts 87, 166, 190

a A A. 23, 46, 71, 72, 87, 102,
165, 247, 284
Publications during 1922 82
GuEas SON, H, A.

y

43
Bot: north-

n Michigan 27

red 14, fa 25, 39, 253, 278,
Ne arrow-leaved 30
ayless 39

so 253, 278
Gopher-apple 64, 207, 228, 237
oe He 1a 242

d, Wax 285
Grafenrieda 35

"Bullace:

228
I, 41, 131, 21
Graphis oa 241 : :
Grass 2
Beach 280
Blue-eyed 245
Broom 32, 203
Guinea 61
natee 211
Marsh 22, 66
Natal 31, 32, 36, 40
Panic 36
Para
St. Augustine 245
W 33, 42, 212, 219, 237
5

itch 19
poorer ie 233
aoe
wv eved 230, 234
Grass- ene 33. oa 227, 244
Gray. nicker

polyp ody ie
Gray-be: ad the hon
reen deserts and wend gardens 193
Greville

300

Gumbo-limbo 230
Gunter, Herman 6

ackber
A aemocharis 6
7 Gomonthass 58, 59
Halod

Halophila 1 T
Hamamelis 263
Hamilton, a 109

Hardy ferns
Hare’s-ear By
Harlow, Sara

hH.
Publications during 1922 82
A.

awtho:
Haynes, Caroline C. 86, 167
Hazen, T. E. 247
He
Hedyosmum 59
Helenium 196, 197, 207, 233
Helianthus 20, 41, 208, 216
Heliopsis 252
Heliotrope 209, 212, 216
ite 229
Heliotropium 209, 212, 216, 230
Hemianthus 218, 221, 232
alas 249, 250, 277-279
milock forest, Investigation of 163
Hempy ine 26, 29, 217, 236
Hempweed 239
Henrietella 59
H
Hepaticae 167, 2
Herbarium, The focal an 260
Herrington, Arthur
ervey, Rev. A. B
4 55
Hibiscus 31, 194, 218, 242
Hicoria 8, - 15, 46, 65
Hickor y 8,2 65, 245
Sen ub 2,

2,

blog :

nave 199, 207, 230 . 23 Hieracium 255
Guiacum on Hi Bh water shrub 41
Guilandi: Hilacho 61
Guinea heey Hippocratea 62, 239
Gulf mimock ace Florida 12,13 Hitchcock, A. $.8
G Blac obblebush 253

our oe Hodge, Edwin
Sweet 4, 3. a 128

T.
Holland Society of New York 104

301

Hollick, A. 46, 88, 165, 247, 284 Type 212,
Houtce, Arave during 1922 82 Hypericum 3, ey 35: 39, 54, 218, 219,
23
Cycads | Hypholoma 129
Hollick, and M. % Hows Hyssop, Marsh 2c6
Pu Sone during 1922 83 Water 221
Holly 19, an 23, 67, 125, 128, 134 Ibidium 246
Dahoon 28 Icacorea 41, 65, 203, 230
tain 250 x 2, 28, 32, 41, 59, 67, 2
Holly-barberry 8 Mca 8 . 3 4 531 Shoe
bees xel 9 Ilysan 197, 218
t, Mrs. Axel 9 In ar ees 253
Hone yauckle 125, a i
Honeysuckle, Bush 134 plantain 217
Fly 26: tobacco 256
Ja turnip 278
op ho m 128 Indigo, 9,
efoil 17, 245 Indigo-berry 65, 213, 222
Hornbeam 128 Inness, George
Inness, Mrs. George 130
Horne, C. W. 9. Inodes 15
orne, Mrs. C. W. 94 Investigation of the hemlock forest
Horsebalm 253 163
HW iasioigs 234 cea, 207, 209, 215-217, 234, 236,
Orsi 252
Horse-sugar 22, ro SINE 2
Hos veultaral Baciety of New York a ae 405, 196, 232, 244, 246
Hough, Capt. H. H. 97, 98 Iris, Lake-shore 282
Hough, Mrs..H. H. 97 ris Garden, The 140
Hound’s-tongue, False 33 Ironweed 65, 21
House, Homer D. 167 ronwood, ts 212, 214
Houstonia 129, 134 Isnardia 218, 2
Houstonia 255 ea. 231
ow toh f t to, Seiya 48
How ie use the te oe 71 va 4i,
How ae - 72, 86, 102, 120, 121, vy, Ground 3
165- 167, as 284 Poison 129
Bublicatione during 1922 8,
Ho Jack-in-the-pulpit 252
Botany ‘of Porto Rico and the ae arias 208
meta Islands 188 James, Mrs. so ra 211
Dahlias and a culture 169 Japanese honeysuck'
Hubbard, Bela 18 red pine 284
Huckleberry 25l, oe Jasmi none
Dwarf 198 fasminum 2 264
Si eh 17 J oo Le 2 Roy 7 es 247
Hugeria 15 J
Hugh D. K. 2 e : : — H. 98
Hae Gilbert White an essamine 129
Humphrey, C. J. 267 ohnson, Miss A. M. 267
Huyke, Ju 94, 100 ohnson, 102
Hyacinth, Pine 232, 236 ohnson, Frank W. 48
218, 219 onquil 73-8
Hydatic 254 Josie Billie 226, 227
Aydra: 253 : Julia Richm ond High School 142
Hydrophyllun 255 Juncus 142
fymenocallis I, 12, 17, 230, 232 bs sie Creeping 280

Hym ‘ymenophyllum 59 59

302

oe 57, 280 Lignum-vitae 216
Jussvaea 207 Lilium ae
Lily 1, 1
Kalmia 3 Alligiee 230, 232, 239
Bells Howard A. 196, 226, 227, 239 Atamosco a 129, 195
Belem te 93: 94, 96, 97 Spider 12 leh ae 239, 285
ike era Water 16, 25, 219
King-dev Wood ie 27
Kinecbors - Ph nA Lily-of-the-valley 252
Kingsbury, ae - John i" 268 Lime, Ogeechee 9
Kirby, R. ild 65, 206, 230
Knotweed os Limestone 20
Koniga 2 Limodorum 217, 227, 244
Kuhnistera 14 Linnaeus, Carl 145, 146
Kunkel, L. O. 1 Liquidambar 4, 8, 67
Liriodendron 4
Lacebark pine 284 Lissocarba 4 43, 44
Lactarta 254 ive oak 4, 6, 8, 16, 19, 22, 40, 67-69,
Ladies’-tresses 246 ae 27, 129, 130, 133, 134, 201,
Lady- eared Showy 276 0, 230, 231,
Ste 277 Lizard’ s-tail 218, 246,
ie Us ck, Armin K.
Lagett 88" ta 59, 218, a0) an 256
Laguncularia 203, 221 Loblolly bay 242
Lakes, Florida 225 Local flora herbarium, The 260
Lambert, A. B. 109 Local flora committee 261
Lamt maps 262
Lamson- oe F. 268 range 261
Lancewood 2, Lon: oe He
Land of the Guede mark I Long-lea 13, 125, I
Laniana 41, 219 Loose, Whoried oe
Laurel, Cherry 204 Low ju
Mountain 253 L que ca
Laurel oak 4, 22 Lupine 130, 195
Laurocerasus 204 Lu,
ead-plant 242 Lyet
Leather fern 218 Lycopodium 55, 250
Leather-leaf 28 Lycopod:
Lecanora 241 Yygodium
Lech
Lectures, Broadcasting 121 Maba
eee a Fublic ch 87, 102, I19, MacBride, T. H. 133
2, 247, 284 Machaonia 50
ie ‘tise . L. 87, 142 Ma ckenzie, K.K.
Lee, Frederic S. 102 ee during 1922 83
Leeds, J. C. 73
Leek, Wild 277 ee - sr ote 128, 242, 253, 264
Lemon 230 Magnolia ces .
Lemon-drops 204 Dr. Hall's
Lron, BROTHER Garden ois
A trip to Pico Turquino 49 Mahogany 237
spines 3 195 Maiden cane 15
Lepi Maidenhair “fern 117, 278
Leptogum 24 a iterate tree 284
Lettuce, Water 33, 218, 219 Mallow 242
Lewis, Francis J. ee Ro: ie ae 194
Lichen, Gray-beard Malus 194
Lichens 214, oe 255, Manaca 53

of Florida Manatee grass 211

303

Mangosteen 96
Mangrove 66, 131,
Black - nae: en, pe 221, 223
Button
Red ne ae 221, 222, 237
Wnts 208: 221, 238

253
7, 278

oe 33

SCUS 33, 42, 237
Marlbery a 65, sn 230
Magy a

aaa on ‘66
hyssop 206
Pea 217
ink 217, 221, 235
purslane 232
Martin, G. H., Jr.
Martius, Carl i ledrich von I12

52
ed: icago 2, 198

enen
enendez, Mrs.

entzelta 203

errill, John L. 102

esadenta 21

eteorology fo yvemb 922 24,
December, 47, year 1922 47,
January 72, F aay) 88, Sila h

Mettenia 55

Mexia, Alvara 202

Mex sae Poppy 207, 245

Michaux, F. A. 5, 6, 153

Michigan, Biological | Station of the
University of 1

ichigan,

Michiga otanical ae aetnas in
northern 273

Miconia 59, 61

Microcycas 136

Ane 26, 29, 59, ee 236, 239
Milk p rete ae
Mi pt 252

230.
Milkwort 197, a 244
eee ish 22

Pink 2 oe
Scragaly 212
ee

Mill ae d F. 286

Mimulus 256

Mistletoe 4, 10, 12, 22, ed 126, 195
Mitchell, Graham J. 18

tchell, Mrs. P. de C. oi

Morning-glory 207, 209, 217, 234,
23 ian
Moro:
Morris. High "School 143
Morus 206, 227, 2
Moss 54, 57; 129, 331, 2
Flo: ig a 14,19, 125, cer 195, 206,

Lone
125, 129
Moth Spine abort 168
Mo pice nash 2 253: oe
erbush 2'
holly ic a

lau 253
Maes Lake, Virginia, Botanical
| Features of 249

304

Mud-carpet 218, 221, 232

Pe 88, 102,
159, Pg ey 165, 166,

190,
Publications ducing 1922 83
Mourriy, W. A.
Botanical features of Mountain
Lake, Vi 9
Springtime : Florida 125
Muscadinis 19, 2.
be M stnerican Association of
Mycological work in Porto Rico and
the Virgin Islands 99

TUCO 5}
Myrsine 41, 65, 2:

rtle, pis ss a ae on 233
Myrtus

Nabaco 61

aked stopper 65, 230
Narcissus 125
Narcissus, Garden forms of 73
Nash, George V. 137

as!

Natal grass 31, 32, 36, 40

Nechodom: ren in

Necklace-po:

oe Pie ehopiaanieilin Hys-
x, The 1

elthrope, H. B. 9)

Neopierts 198

Neowashingtonia 8

New Jersey tea 253

Nettle 204, 255
ead 3

False 217
New York Academy of Sciences 188
New York Bird and Tree Club 167,
267
New York Botanical Garden 188
Accessions
ee 89, 123, 144, 190
and herbarium
m2 1, ee 769, 2
Plant and seed 90, 248, 270
Annual erin inspection 102
pate ue notes 23, 46, 71, 86,
28.

ead 24, 47, 72, 88, 104,
144, 168, 268, 285

Notes, news and comment 24,
47, ie ip 103, 120, 142, 166,
189, 2 284

P ff, scholars

ose pa 14x, 142, 58
Wi nter birds of 266
New York, Holland Society of 104
New York, Horticultural Society of
103
New Smyrna 199
Nichols, Se oe

Nights! shade, "Enhancer 's 278
a

Ninto
Noble. David 97
ae Misses 97
Nolina 234
Nones uch 2
North ‘American Flora 167
Norton, G. C. 8

ORTON, GEORGE. F.

Norway pine 273

Pee 103, 120, a ae 289,267, aa
Notes on ae

Nyssa 4, 9, 195, 220, 231
Oak 19, 23, 28, 31, 41, 127, 197, 207,
20, 230, 273
Black. “jack 4 ne 13, 34, 234
Chapman
owl
Dwarf 221
Laurel 4, 22
Live 4, 6, 8, 16, 19, 22, 40, 67-61
125-127, 129, ae 133, ae
201, 220, 230, 231, 245

Ocotea 55, 230

395

Odontosoria 54

+99
Olive, American 41
Wild 204

erfly

Otaheita walnut

ec — 14
Boy

He
Sa a cabbane 64, 224, 237
Washington .

Pemes2) Blue 1

Cabba: e 128, —_ 134
wart i. , 133, I 8
Saw 15, 19, 22, 23, 26, 28, 32, 35,
41, 67, 69, 198, 199, 207, 208,
212, pe 222, 230, 231, 235,
242

in
anic-gra:
anicu:

ansy 2

tsley 253
arthewoctesus 62
‘artridge 204
Bae nae ae a 278
1 aoe e-pea
spalun

d aiiara 214

Passion-flow
Pareeceor Plog: Ww. 48
ae 64, 224, 237

6

Pea, Butterfly 204, 208, 219
Marsh 21

119
Pe spit 221, 246
Peperomia 1, 20, 21, 30, 43, 59, 62, 205
Pepper, Red 65, 2
Wild, 20, 21, 29, 43, 62, 205, 206
h 195

ee >

9
Pickere aes 15, <p a 246
Pico Tur o, A tri 49
Pieris 264
Binibernel False 197, 218, 232
is cherry 274

e 4, 34, 127, 133, 220, 246

me Ane ralian 133, 214

Bhotan 284

284
Lon ae 13, 125, 133
Norw: 273
‘ite 3

Poverty 3
Short- Ra 8
merce Bn 197, 198, 207, 221,

W hite 2, 279
Wild 206, 232

306

Pine hyacinth 232, 236
Pineapple 133
Pined

Tass 33, 217, 227, 244
Marsh 217, 221, 235
Meadow

Pink milkwort 219

Pinus 3, 8, 39, 60, 168, 197, 198, 207,
220, 221, es 242

nweed 30, 37

pewort 196, a 219, 235

wriquit a 236

isonia ia 62, 216, 2

istacta 8

239

PU UUVUTS

itcher.

lant cance:
ago

India:
Ratlesnake 276
Pluchea 12
Plum 125, 1
Cocoa 40, an 62, 117
Saffro:

4
x

Po t pels ees oie 217, 219, 227, 230,
244

Polygonella 34, 37, 195

Pol ae IIQ, 134, 232, 234

Polypody 119

ahead 354. 255

Lana
roe as Cotter 143
Pond a pple rid
peas 33, 64, 231, 237
Pondweed 21

h 220, 227, 229-231
Pop Ppy, Mexican 207, 245

Populu:
Porto hee
Po: rtO, Rico and the Virgin cron

Bot of I
ee oe in 99
Portulaca 2
ti

rickly- pear I, 17, oe ae 22, 27, 31,

63, 208, 213, 228, 229, 239,
242, 2
ea
Se
eae

Chi 195
mrose, Evening 205, 207 .
rivet, Florida 19

nella 256

runing 263
UNE. eae
sidin 207, 2
Syne iS 65, og, 217, 230, 236
telea 17, 245

eris 2
Pterocaulon 217, 244
Pte erospora 281

ublic jectures 71, 87, 102, T¥9, 142,

165, 84
Purdy, Helen A. 166
Purple foxglove 221
Pursh, Fr 109
Purs , Marsh 232

1 218, 237

Water 21
Pycnothymus 217
Pyle, Robert 48, 102
Pyrus 194
Pyxine 241

15
6 15, 19, 28, 32
41, 46, ep. 105, 106, re 230,
221, 228, 230, 231, 236
Quisumbing, eduardo

Lagweed, Beach 41

J ie 75, 215, 222
e, Fannie C. 237

307

Ranunculus 195

aoa 41, 59, 65. 222, 230
Rappolee, C. E. 98

Ranpolee, Mrs.

Raspberr » 278
Purple-flowering 255
Rattlesnake plantain 276

Reasoner, Pliny W. 223

71
Record, oe
Re ee

J. 3
28, 67, 2

9
cedar 19, 22, 41, 199, 207
clover 63
mangrove 64, 203, 221, 222, 237
maple 126, 220, 231
oak 8

9
Resurrection fern 129, 134, 234
Rhabdadenia 62, 239
Harel sph y Hystrix, The needle
105-1

is a

4
Rhex 256
Rhizo: apher ora. 64, 66, se 221, 237
53

Rhytidopiyibum 60
Riccia 8
Ros

of on aaa The 86

rc
cbinson, . B. 48

&
3.

mallow 31, 194
Rosemary 32, 39, 40, 221

Rowlee, W. W. 189
Royal ea 115, 218
Royal palm 96
Roystone 6
Rubber-vine 62, 23
Rubus 58, 59, 194, 246
Rudbeckia 232

7
21
Publications during 1922 84
agri te 195, 197, 221, 232
232

Nut 232

Sp ike 232

Three- Ral 282

Rusk, Hester M.
Publications e punne 1922 84

Rusk, HesTER M
Conference notes 71, 86, 103
Banerinents with Chinese cab-

age 44

Russula 254

Rydberg, P. A. 72, 67
Publi Ten a fae 1922 84
e, Wild 2

Pet ioe 232

Sabal 9, 15, 19, 22, 23, 26, 33, 35, 41,
67, =. 106, I12, 114, 195, 199,

30, 237, 242

bal
Sabbatia 23, 39, 217, 221, 235 ,
Sabina 5, 19, a yor an 207
Saffron plum
Sage 27, 197
208

Sageretia

lane s-wort 3, 33, 35, 39, 218, 219,
ae 256
is Mark's, Florida

. Mary’s, Florida ies
Me Peter's s-wort 35. 244
t. Thomas 93-10
eiamandert 130
oe 206
i. 32 ee 194, 230
200, 237.

Spina 228

Sargent, = S. 224
‘arracenia 195
arsaparila, Wild 278

237
23, 26, 28
32, 2 ae 67, ee 198,

234
oy 198, 204, 221, 234, 253
cute aria 34 ;
Sea blit Sia
Grace . 41, 131, 213
oats 4I
ey! 237
slane 206, 215, 237
ee E J. 47,93, 94,99, 102, 120
Public: i during 1922 ’84
SEAVER,
Mycological work in Porto Rico
and es Virgin Islands 99
ene
sit

253
niente 282
elf-heal 256
mmes, Bougle R. 188

cecplant ‘wita 196
15. 19.2 1 23, 26, 28, 32, 35,
41, 67, 198, ee 207, 208, 212, 220,
3,224, aoe 231, 237, 242
217

heep-sorrel 2

308

Shell middens 29

pin
Showy lady-slip
Shrubby ciaquefoil 282
Shrubs, Ea: os ae 262
Shu 1 Geo

Silk

Silver one oes 65
Sisal 216
Sisyrinchium 245

1
8, 120, 285
Publications Ce 1922 85
SMALL, J. K.
Green deserts and dead gardens.
I

tone ot the question mark 1,

The pses tree—Sabal Pal-
metlo 145
ee needle er
ne te

Small, Mrs, J. K. ioe
Smilax 17, . 204, 220, 228, 234, 253
Smilax, Coral 17
Snake-mouth 2.

es

“Puberaria, in.

gum 4, 220, 231
South ern red faa 5: 6
Southwick, E. B. 102, 118
Spa a bayonet 23, 41, 69
eat

ie
Spartine 66 195
Spatte: rdock = 25, 219, 232
Shecularia 25

3
Sphagiai 35, 58
Spicebush 194

309

Spicetree 28, 29, 41, 65, ae 205
Spider oy I, 12, a 302 ae
iderwe 5, 204, 207, 2

on

253, 2

ce7)
ks)
g
co
oO
o@
2
a
°
a
m

Staggerbush 108, 233

Sta: d, Conn., Garden Club of 121
es 136-13

Stalk-borer, Dahlia 167

Star-anise ae

oe
ot
sy
a3
0
2
ry
a
a

S piate phir ui

Eset William 151
ut, - B. 44, 143, 165, 166, 189,

247, 285
Publications during 1922 85
Stout’s work in California, An

appreciation of 189
Strangling fig 41, 228, 230
musty 127

a "
Sumac 228, 24.
Rae farewell 14
Sunflow
Becks
Dune 208
Shore 216
Svida 227, 245
Swamp bay 227, 228, 233
bracken 32
oak 194
Sweet alyssum 2

Switch grass 195

Sycamore 134

Sydow, be e
Symplocos 22, 41
Souponanihas 219, 235
Syringa 265

Tacca 46

Taccaceae, The 46
Tagua tagua 61
7

I, 204, 230
28, 67, 227, 230, 233
7 FaBI
‘amarix 263
nae 280
Tr.
ansy. Wi Id 2
axodium 5, a 64, ri 231, 237
‘aylor, Minnie W. 2
Norman 142, oon

ye

Thimbleberry 251, 253
Thistle 19, 195, 217, 221, 227, 236,
280

to Dr.

a 53
Tick seed I ee

orrey, ile aa

iadescanhia ie 204, 207, 208, 235,
255.
Tree cacti 212
fern 54, 55, 59
orchid 232
teas elu Institute 88

Tre
Techolaene 31, 32, 36, 40
Trichomanes 59

310

vichostema 36
ain 63

ri 252, 278

o Pico ee: A49
rpsacum §

viscen

rypethliim 241

ult

14

urtle grass
ie = Mound’ 305 204

ee eee

wisted-stall 252
da Sol, 7

phe 33, 42, 195

1252

4
University of Michigan Biological
Station 143, 27.

Upland ee oak 4, 34, 221
Trees 2 ues

Utricularia 34, 195, 197
Vaccinium 34, 57
Vachellia 17

Valesia 21

19
Verbesina 65
erdecia, Regino 54
Vernonia 54, 65, 217
Veronica
Vesiculina 34
Vetch 1
Viburnum 54, 55, 59, 128, 195, 231
233, 5,
Viburn
Vicia 1
Vincetoxs 234
Vinton, Albert E. 143
Viola 2, 195, 252
Violet A

Violet-tree 94
Viorna 232, 236

Viper’s bugloss 256
Virgin Is pure Botanica! exploration
of P es o and the 93
Botany vor o Rico and the
Mycological work in Porto Rico
and the 99

Virginia 4
Botanical features of Mountain
ake 249
Mountain ao 250
12!

Vitis 19, 53, 204

Wake-robin 278
Wakulla tomer region, Florida 12
wean L. R. 8
t, Otah ae 8
Walter, "Thomas 152
Ware, Nathaniel A. 21, 112

hyacinth 154 218, 219
hyssop

lettuce oy 218, 219
lily 16, 25, 195, 219
oak 4, 15, 22

a 53
Wen dland: ‘Heenan 113
Wheelock, Mr. 132

White. fonped Aes 244
Whitewood 6
prered loosestrite 253
Wild e 65, 203, 217, 230, 236
pais in 63, 237
cucumber 29
geranium 255, 278
Indigo 9, 195
leek 277
lime 65, 206, 230

311

olive 20

4.
pepper I, 20, 21, 25, 29, 43, 62,

wild Flower ‘Preservation Society of
ieee
liams oe Publications during

ae betony 253

lily 252, 276

S3
Ximenia an. 204, 213, 2.0
Xolisma 29, 41, 57, 198
Xyris 230, 234

am, Wild, 253
Yampolsky, Cecil 48
Yarrow 253
Y de 202
Yellow birch 277, 278
buttons 35, 235
cosmos 35

ax 227
ee 277
wood 8
Yellow-eyed grass 230, 234
Yew, chutes flower 8
Yucca 23, 41, 69

4a 1, 13-1 7, 69, 134, 136,

137, 139, ae 243, 285
Zanthoxylum 19, 60, 65, 206, 230
Zizania 25, 195

Dr. Robert Abbe
Fritz Achelis

Marin Le a Cooper
Paul D. Cravath

James W. Ptcnielt
\ ao. Deering

. H. M. Denslow

Baca H. Dodge
_ Samuel W. Fairchild
3 Marshall Field
William B. O. Field

A. Armour

Mrs. John I.

Childs Frick
Prof. W.
Daniel Shea cated

A. Heckscher

Joseph P. Hennessy
nton G. Hodenpyl

Bernhard Hoffman

Archer M. Huntington

Ligh Iselin

. Walter B. James

Wate esas

Otto H. Kahn

Prof. eee F. Kemp

orris
Frederic R. Newbold

. Delancey Kane
Gustav E. Kissel

Mrs. Frederic S. Lee
rs. . Low

Mrs. V. Everit Macy

Pierre Mali

. Henry Marquand
George W. Perkins

rs. Harold I. Pratt

Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice

Mrs. William A. Read

Ries. E. ire san Mrs. Jame

Members of the Corporation

Eben E. Olcott

Prof. Henry F. Osborn
Chas. Lathrop Pack
Henry Phipps

F Pierson
James R. Pitcher

Galsstine a ae
Jam

es Spe
Frederick S Seas

pe

te fe “Thomson
W. Boyce Thom:

Dr. W. calidad ae
Louis C. Tiffany

H. H.
Bronson Wint
Grenville L. Winthrop

Members of the Advisory se 8

ames Roosevelt
Mr Benson B. Sloan
Mrs. Samuel Sloan
Mr rs. Theron G, Strong
Talmage

Mrs.

Mrs. F. de R. Wissman

Honorary Members of the Advisory Council

s A. Scrymser

Miss Olivia E. P. Stoke

Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members g:

1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by
or by bequest entitles the abaisabater to be a benefactor of the Garden.

2. Patrons

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden.
3. asad for Life

The contribution of $100 ore to the funds of the Garden at f
one time shall entitle the eee “ be a fellow for life of the goer

4, Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows
life when their cueaeile aggregate $1000.00

5. Sustaining Members
g members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually an
he pee life when their payments aggregate $1000.00

6. Annual siwrane a
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.
All miter are entitled to the following ose 5
Ae es of the Board of Maas
2. Invitations to all exhibitions fecal ‘inlet the auspices of the ls
Managers.

3. A copy of all handbooks published by ie Ses
4. A copy of all annual reports and bullet

6. Privileges of the Board Room

7. Life Members

Annual members may become life Members by the payment of a f
$250.00

Information

Wuiibece ae invited to ask any questions they desire to have

on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any men

through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Buil

at 3 o'clock. ?

Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden ince 0
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, thc sum of.

ryrad

,

fg ye

“S
Baa ere
ee