: i Oe 


Ae 
z 
is 


= 
E 
<20 


JournaL 


OF 


Toe New York Botanica, GarpEN 


VoLuME XXI, 1920 


PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE 
Davip Lypic Funp 


BEQUEATHED BY CHARLES P, DaLy 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


HENRY ALLAN GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


VoLtumEeE NXXI 
With 12 PLares 


1920 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 


At 4: Nortu Qugen Srreer, Lancaster. Pa 
ay Tua Naw Era Painrinc Company 


THE NEW ERR ERINGING COMPANY 
LANCASTER, PA, 


OFFICERS, 1920 


Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSON 

Vicr- acne EDWARD D. eee 

Trea: —JOHN L. MERRIL 

Asereiant TreasuRER—HENRY BE LA MONTAGNE 
Sxceetary—N. L, BRITTON 


1, ELECTED MANAGERS 

Term expires ead 

EWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
REDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
GILMAN THOMPSON 


N. L. BRITTON 
HENRY W. vz FOREST 
W. J. MATHESON 


Term expires January, 1922 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
MYLES TIERNEY 


MURRY GUGGENHEIM 


Term expires pare 


EDWARD D. s oye a “MERRILL 
ROBERT W. vr FOREST ae oF hee 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STO 


z. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tu Mayor oF THE om oe New Yor 
HON. JOHN F. LAN 
Tue PRESIDENT oF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
ee R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P, BICKNEL PROF. F E 
DR. NICHOLA SafURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. G: PR 
PROF, JAMES F. KE PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


FF 
DR. a ee Bee Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
AL EASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. soHN K SHALL, neue ee r of the Mas i 


DR. : 
GEORGE V. ee ‘ead Gardener an oF Piaiaiions 
DR. ae Director of the Dorciovies 
DR. youn HENDLEY LOW. Let Bibliographe 
SARAH H. HARL bl ‘arian 
. H. RUSBY, rt a of the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary ig ait of ae 55OS 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator or Fas it Planes 
DR. WIL! : soe 


eer 

ROESBECK, C 
ea 7 rCOnaerr. ten ntenden: t of Buildings aad Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, J. Horace Harding, Eben E. Olcott, 
Fritz Achelis, J. Montgomery Hare, Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Edward D. Adams, Edward S. Harkness, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Charles B. aes mae . A. Harper, hipps, 
Vincent J. Amory Haskell, R. Pierson, 
John W. foci caies Tt. A. Havemeyer, James R. Pitcher, 
George F. Baker, A. Heckscher, Ira A. Place, 
Stephen Baker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Hon. ‘Anning S. Prall 

dmund L, Baylies, Henry R. Hoyt, harles F. Rand, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Archer M, Huntington, Ogd Reid, 
Eugene P. I, drian Iselin, win A. Richard, 
C.K. G. Billings, Dr. Walter B. es, Pro ichards, 
George Blumenthal, Walter B. Jennings, John D. Rockefeller, 
George S. Brewster, Otto H. Kahn, William Rockefeller, 
Prof, N. L. Britton, rof. James F, Kemp, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
Prof. Edw. 5. , arwin P. Kingsley, rof. H. z 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Ww. pile e, ir. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof, W.H. Carpenter, Dr. Ledoux, 01 hiff, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, sae Petre ‘a Le, Albert R. Shattuck, 
William G. Choate, Adolph Lew: Henry A, Siebrech 
Hon. W. A. Clark, Kenneth K, ee William Sloane, 
Cc. A. Coffin, V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, 
Samuel i Edgar L. Marston, Jame: er, 
Edmund C. Converse, . J. Mai ni, ‘rederick Strauss, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, Dr, William H. Maxwell,  F. ae is 
Paul D. Cravath, eorge Mi eny, 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Emerson McMillin, Cha: ne e Sioa pson, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Dr.W. Gil Iman Thompson, 
William . Field, Joho L, Merrill, yl cy, 
J B. ; Ogden Mills, Louis C, Tiffany, 

enry W. de Forest, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg, 
Robert W. de Forest, j. pga, Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Dr. Li R. Morris, H. H. We: Sasi 
Daniel enhei Tisiess " oes Bronson rop, 

C.D. Nort 


Murry ee Grenville ie Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Mrs. Robert Bac Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss eee aia Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Ro ava 
Mrs. L, Britton, Mrs. A. A, Li Mrs. Bens . Sloan, 
Mrs. se D. Dickey, Mra, Charles MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
rs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, . r, 
Mrs. Rob 5 enry Marquand, Thompso1, 
rs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perki Ma: Cabot Ward. 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Mis Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 
Mra. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


‘ 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


No, 241. JANUARY. 


The Ai Method Breeding 


December ST Goats ath: 


Accessions SRR N So aitien Tecate vaca! 


No. 242. FEBRUARY. 


Of Grottoes and Ancient Dunes 
The me Pimento 0 - Jamaica bud ctectues Ducat: 
rican Iris Society : 


Conference Notes 
Notes, D 


ACCESSIONS 2 ie2.e8 oie sleet Pk Gg es Ay 


243. Marcu. 


Of eum and Ancient Dunes (continued) 


saalieh Woody Plants in The New York a Garden... .............. 
rence Note: 
on News and Comment.. . gis estes Bede shicttrt ets feces aed 


APRIL. 


Publications of the ee Scholars and Students of the New York Botanical 


‘dy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden. 
ae ence Notes ici eeeec hh a eae, 

otes, News and Comment...... 
pete itv an teselc 


ailors. do, be ted aide ib 
ae re by Meadow Mice. 
Confer 
rine ee and Comment. 
Accessions..... 0 ......... 


o 
= 


viii CONTENTS. 


No. 246. June. 
Trinidad 
Summer Lectures, 1920.........00. 00000000. eee eee 
Hardy Woody Plants in a ‘New York Botanical Garden. 
Notes, News and Commen: 


No, 247. Jury. 
Report on a Recent Trip to British Guiana. . 
The 7920 0 Dahlia gots der. 


Notes, 


AccessiOns 6 i0e3 ina hen ad ellen ls watt ays Casa ea aes Sati OP 


No. 248. AUGUST. 
Furt! her Sth $a ee. 
iene with the Aid of Paraffin 


No. 249. SEPTEMBER. 
In Quest of Lost Cacti 
George me Perk: 
Notes, News and Comment. ... 0.0.2.6. 620000 cence ee cence ee 


250, OCTOBER. 

Notes on the History of the Bearded Iris. ..... 
oe at Seca Virginia..... oe eee 
fotes, News and Comment........... 55 wean Hane! bards aceataaes 
a ie ees 


No. 251. NOVEMBER. 
Report by the Director-in-Chief upon a visit to Botanical Institutions in 
mgland............-.8 
— ig and Comment 
Access: 


No. 252. DECEMBER. 
Administrative— 
Act of Incorporation PO ClS, Ga Eee 


Constitution ‘ wy 
ro Peer eee re 

Repulations for the Office of Director-in-Chief 

Erovieion: i ope uel Membership 


of New York for Maintenance. . 
Notes, News and Comment........ 0 06.0.2 0 cece este teeter ete 
Index 


Vol. XXI January, 1920 No, 241 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


Nie 
XeNE : 


CONTENTS 
Pacs 
The Aims and Methods of Plant Breeding. 2... 1... ee et et eee I 
Conference Notesfor December .. . 2. - +e sun vvererererees 16 
CTPORUCHIMMUESCLNEER ON nce ef cc ys ws) ers 8 ee ee me ee 18 
Midtes, Mews GnQ°MOMUMENT. 2 be ew tt 19 
ea hy nlm ee we ee ew ee ee 21 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 4x NortH Quzen Street, Lancastmr, Pa. 


A PRINTING ComPANY 


OFFIOERS 1920 


Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSON oii 

if FRANCIS pes STETS 
Vice-PRESIDENTS SE EDWARD D MS 
TrEASURER—JOHN L. MERRI iit, 
Assistant TREAsuRER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcretary—N. L, BRITTON 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 
me expires Hace 


N. L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. ve FOREST REEDE RIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 

. Term expires seco fe: 
PAUL D. CRA OnGE: W. PERK 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCI S ale STETSON 
ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIER 

Term expires Sa 1923 

EDWARD D. AUN N L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. vz FOREST i °F MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE eer OF THE CITY se New Yor 
N. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC each oeia. 


PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS ee BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, sect stration) 


. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN K a hee Curator of the Museums ( cae Plants) 
MUR Supervisor of Public Instruction 
R aes Curator (Flo Pl 


eae v. eee ead Gardener and en tor as Pianeine 
Bos) OUT , Director of the Laboratories 
DR. “JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, ities rs 
ARAH H. HARLOW, Librar 
DR. H. H. RUSB . Honorary Curator of the E serene Concer 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mo. 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plant 
DR Chemist 


wn 
a 
cs 
S 
a 
we 3 
aS 
a 
i~} 


WALTER nt 
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Tnchaiton 


oe 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI January, 1920 No. 241 


THE AIMS AND METHODS OF PLANT BREEDING 


uring the past three decades much attention has bee! 


n paid 
experimental studies bearing on dity, variation, a 
evolution. Departments | nd mal breeding (or 


now called the science of ‘‘eugenics.” 
Several popula and fecheal jouraale are devoted wily or in 


and books 0 on vari ts of th bj 


Pp 3] now numerous. 
J eb 


24} ee es a 


me 


rather widely pula and very generally read and dis- 


e advance of knowledge in several lines of popular and 
scientific interest has contributed to th 


i 

d sense, plant breeding through the 

selection of seed-parents is as old as the art of agriculture. The 
1 


2 


mic 


development of many, if not all, of o 
under cultivation. Many races of plants especially phe to 
e needs of man 


e 
of written history. Many species of cult! ivated plants have 
f 


al 

iscovery of sex in plants and the development of methods of 
controlling its Teen that laid the basis of modern plant 
breeding. 


is discovery was ade more or i sadependently by several 
investigators. An English botanist. in a lectur 
efore the Royal Society in 1676, very clearly states the fact of 
bigs , 


any previous eas on this point except those of 
Sir Thomas Millin: 

the year a it was recorded that Thomas Fairchild had 

aeas produced by experimental methods a hybrid between 


3 


the Sweet William and the Carnation. Evidently this is the 
first hybrid of which there is definite record thus produced be- 


pro: oc 
ferent varieties. e desirability of selecting seed parents from 
best plants that are kept in isolation from poorer sorts is also 
emphasize 
Gaduaily the facts regarding sexuality in plants became more 
wn to d in pla: nt 


dge 
published records of the time, until during the latter part 
of = pi : 

In Germany, Koelreuter (publications from 1761 to 1766), 
eae (1828), and Gartner (1849) were conspicuous workers 
in spe aii ans of plants. The last spent some twenty- 

in which 


a and Gos: 
a ene ae to 1837), and Seton con ae 


4 


important scientific work in hybridization. Meanwhile similar 
study was being made by French investigators of whom mus 
be mentioned Sageret ees Locoq (1827-1862), Godron (1844- 
ee Naud din (1855-1864) and Wichura (1865 

uch important some was done by the iybadwes of this 
pei many? of whom eld views vate in pedvance ot ees time 


Beginning with Knight there were those who feted that new 
important varieties can be obtained through ee 
ought of i inated b 


This is shown especially in the general survey of the entire field 
made by Gartner (1849). 
uring this period the work of the plant hybridizéer was held 
in disrepute in the popular mind and in ecclesiastical circles. 
It was felt that such endeavor was a es eacuileee ie ne invoked 
decidedly abnormal . esses. Th hat ti 
re 


reproduction er strong support from the now famous work 
iati 


of cultivated plants. Undoubtedly this work was stimulated by 
the results of hybridization and the knowledge that cross- 


ns, a professor of chemistry and physics at the Uni 
versity of Louvain, and LeCouteur, of the Isle of Jersey, were 


5 


evidently the first, or at least among the first, to record the use 
of intensive methods of selection. Van Mons (m 


the most productive, so as to form ck, ae this time he 
had in cultivation more t 150 vari and subvarieties of 
wheat rick Shirreff, a Scottish eee as: hose wo 


ar 
employed quite fe same cme ned: of selection in cereals. Still 


igree and of testing and comparing 
the progeny of a line were Saree by Hallett, whose work 
began about 18 

The improvement and development of commercial varieties 
of the sugar-beet through selection should be mentioned in this 


connection existence of sugar in the beet was discovered 
in 1747 and attempts to start a beet-sugar industry were made 
s early as 1801 e extraordinary cos ne sugar on the 


nce, where e sugar 
beet was taken up by the firm Vilmoan: Andrieux. Louis de 


was based on such characters as size and shape of roots, but later 


* On the Varietie: d Cl: 


‘Wheat, p. 17. 


6 


(about 1850) determination of saccharine content became an 
important factor in determining seed parents. Rather special 


methods of ye the Progeny of pedigreed stock were also 
devise Selection for high sugar the average 
product of the field crop from 7-8 per cent. to 14-16 per cént and 

is has n important factor in the modern eae of 
i beet-sugar industry. Repeated and regular selection is, 
h 7 © maintain this average but thi be 


ore eae me nods of cae the eee content. 
breeding 


cereals and gagar beet ws was +6 sort out valu abies strains and to 
keep them pure by preventing cross-fertilization between them 
or with poorer strains. 

nd, to some extent, the scientific point of view 


vide: by 
are continually dey copie eres dais ee cua 
Mecca * old 


tication. It ’ 
had alway: a heed. an efficient means of improving cultivated 
h 


al 
plant: and animals. It was apenas oe ue e ac- 


y 
ceptions as to the methods of evolution were advanced, and 


ee of conspicuous merit. The other method, known as 
“mass selection” aimed at the continuous improvement of a 


stock as a whole; a number of individuals were involved instead 
of one in the selection : oe s. Methods of mass selection 


beets in Germany and = nce 
The next great step which contributed to a better understand- 


species. : was found that the two sex cells which fuse in fertili- 
zation contribute, except in special cases, an equal number of 
these visible units of germ plasm. The plant or animal into 


timate 
the reappearance of the same number of units and their separa- 


8 


tion into two groups. The resulting spores and later the sex 
cells possess therefore only half of the number of chromosomes. 
Fusion of the sex cells in pairs gives again the double number 


e 
germ ate to the individuality of its units, and to the possi- 


In general the main are of these observations were well 


established by the as 18 e time was t! — most 

opportune for the s ae reliscvery of itendel’s s of 

hybridization, pean published in The essence of 
dit 


oe conceptions is aa charac are wie units of heredity 
h by independent eee 
of germ pings In a hybrid of the first filial generation (abl 
viated as s Fi), one of a pair of crete Pare ental eel 
h 


tends t d the other recessive 


and thus disappears temporarily. Thus the members of this 
h 


characters and had observed that characters often segregate 
ith de purity in the hybrid offspring a: the second 
generation usually differs from the firs: eo riation 
in reappearance of the various parental characters 


counts which revealed the evidence that the segregation may, be 
in a mathematical ratios. 

us if the parents crossed differ in two pairs of characters, 
one a which is dominant from each, the young embryo plants 


9 


of the F, generation will all exhibit the dominant qualities and 
the F, will exhibit all combinations of dominant and recessive 
to Mendel’s i 


i 
upon which the transmission of ee depends ne the 


in capitals and the names of recessive characters in small type. 
Recessive characters come into expression only where they exist 
free from the paired dominant. 

According to Mendelian interpretation the second generation 
in the case in question should be as follows: 


(D 1 (YELLOW YELLOW, ROUND ROUND): 
ND): 


2 (YE g ; ROUND ROUND) 
2 (YELLOW YELLOW, ROUND wrinkled) 
4 ¢ phe wrinkled): 
(II) 1 (YELLOW YELLOW, wrinkled oaci. 2 (YEL- 
Li green, eee wrinkle 
(III) 1 Lee green, ROUND ROUNDS: 2 (green green, 
OUND wrinkled): 


(IV) 1 poe green, wrinkled wrinkled). 
In respect to appearance, the plants of the second eR 
(in this case, the embryos of the seeds produced by the F,) fall 


two pairs es: ne mp! 
sizes ae fact that sister plants of de second hybrid generation 


10 


which look the same may breed quite differently, and that only 
a few of them will breed true for the new combinations of parental 
characte 
Re to this conception, Sloleeae can not produce 
w characters. All it can do is to redistribute and recombine 


erecting a a pure strain in which new combinations appeared. 
geny test tablished as the proper test of 


TOs 
the Gubiiess in the tw of germ plas The recognition of 
dominance and ee makes a secaccen between the 


first appearance. Sharp distinction was made, in thought at 
least, between hereditary variation and non-hereditary variation 
ue to environment. 
The simplicity of the original doctrines of Mendelism and of 
mutation attracted attention. The theory of nates presented 
adi der: y all 


seem ily understood b It was strongly supported 
by the known facts regarding ger: asm as 
experimental evid e@ promise o ppearance 


gro S 
there must be units a germ plasm and that the results of hy- 


11 


bridization must be interpreted on this basis. Many theories 
Vv. 


‘atios outlined above for characters in peas. Most of the ap- 


attempts to explain them as due to new reactions between units 
of germ plasm already present in the paren 
anwhile abundant evidence has accumulated which shows 


uently occu: distinction between ‘‘mutations,’’ slight 
and continuous variations, a combinations” has become 
largely one of definition. Furthermore a survey of the best and 


most nae cases neested as mutations, sey sua a 


single case to 
Distinct sata Oey arise from a@ common ancestor 


y vari 
of the Darwinian boeing of se tee ponent to be substan- 
tiated. Research has however established that the germ plasm 


12 


is the seat in which most of the hereditary changes occur, and 


the development of the modern varieties of Dahlia may be men- 
: : h 


ut 6, 
of the Dehiia in cultivation in the United States. All of these 


pl at Natu 
tio doi i , when aided and pias by man.’’* 


hronicle 
cited which illustrate ae oleae of selection when a wild 
Beas is submitted to intensive breeding. 
The can interesting and oe flowered rose-mallows 


sold tea rserymen are familiar to many readers of this article, 
These were re developed 2 hyn two, and possibly three, 
Soc. of N. ¥., 2: 285-301. 


t Pata Varieties of Bae pasate he pie P. Kelly, pees N.Y. 
Bor. Gar 16: 179-191. 


138 


wild spec: The hardy habit of I 
ee United States was combined mich the more brilliant 


of the parent species, a result frequently attained in 
hy bailieetnn 
t has long bee recognized that the intermediate between two 


characters tend to segregate as delian units or 

roups of u the second generation may er- 
mediates he value of these as material for selection in pro- 
ing new s is obvious. Recent studies with corn have 


sI 
a new type of “meal” corn can be obtained by selecting for inter- 
mediates between sweet and dent or flint races. As a rule 
Mendelian interpretations have disregarded the intermediates 
which appear, but the possibility of securing qualitative inter- 
meds tes between pairs of contras ted characters which -will breed 


effective in developing new races. The large number of sport 
Medea of the Sword-fern have thus been obtained in recent 


eee from bud sports of the oe Coleus the 
re 


recently been noted by specialists of the United States Depart- 

ment of ise in studies of citrus fruits grown in California. 

Some Modern f the B R. C. Benedict, 
Jour. N. Y. Bot. GARDEN, 16: 194-197. 


14 


he breeders of plants and animals, whether prompted by 


ears. ri 
very fully euppore the pikes based on the knowledge of the 
dual nature of the sp and of the observed 
behavior of germ plasm nats in ferulieauon: (x) that the varia- 
tion to be expected from hybridization fi 
filial generation; (2) that parental Gishaciers “tend to cae 


combined; that an intermediate between a pair of con- 
asted parental characters can often be obtaine The second 
generation should therefore be gr in suffi! umber t 
give n recombinations and variations. 
Selection for new races should be begun with individuals of the 
second ge use of the dual nature of 
bearing plant, sister plants that appear quite alike will often 
ed diff ly eed, especially for characters that ai 
domin B his, selection for Id be 


Experimental studies have fully esta meee the merits of 
methods of controling Pollina rons and of growing pedigreed 
lines. Tl “bagging,” or enclosing flowers in 


semi- anne arent pa nee bags, is an efficient means of control. 
n 


in securing accuracy and in saving time should lead to their 
more general aaa by amateur gardenérs and commercial 
seedsmen and nurser 

ethods of peed careare with selection within a species 
or variety and w t hybridization will usually show whether 
variations that may appear are hereditary. Such methods have 


15 


recent years led to much improvement in many of our most 
important cultivated cro 


significance that it eat long pele in the breeding of enmals: 


lants are as a rule diready highly specialized. 
Hee tends to keep them thus, but variation tends to intro- 


d 
appear which give poorer strains. The applica- 
tion of methods of selection is needed to sort out and eliminate 
these. 
Many of our chains economic plants are annuals and a 


new crop i n from seed each year. Each seed produced 
involves a feqiisten which brings two sets of germ plasm into 
intimate relationship. ere is abundant Gpner tunity for 


ecdiad! units to reassemble in every possible ration of 
Ti 


be quite new. ch CT mical 

interactions that of themselves may form the basis ie new heredi- 
tary qualit 

Studies i in ieee aim to discover those laws of heredity and 

variation which reveal the physiology of reproduction. uch 


dit: 
In practical application, the aa of plant breeding aim 
(1) to maintain in a highly productive condition races whose 
qualities make their cultivation desirable, (2) to recognize and 


16 


preserve new characteristics which may lead to further improve- 
ment, (3) to combine qualities of different strains into one 


h s 
control, to direct, and: to utilize a processes of heredity and 
variation 


A. B. Stout 
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR DECEMBER 


The regular monthly conference of the Scientific Staff and 
Registered Students of the Garden was held on the afternoon 
of December 3. The program consisted of reports by Dr. 

W. urrill 


e 
of Pathologists and Mycologists in New York and Connecticut.” 


a abstract of De Mun s ane is as follows: 
ntrol 


he science of 
of Pees of planes, particulary hee caused be as has been 
pushed forward of late with greater rapidity in the United 
States than in any bates country. 

uring the period of the war, experts in this field from the 
different states coéperated very closely to save as much as pos- 


ty, two important field meetings were held, one on Long Island 

and one at New Haven, Connecticut, for the study of diseases 
common in those localities. 

he first meeting, in June, for the study of potato diseases 

in partculstss was attended by about one hundred plant patholo- 

pate parts of pene England, and Holland. 


eee with the best experts in the world on the spot to consider 
the best methods of control. 


17 


e second meeting was held in Connecticut in August and was 
Paw: chiefly by experts from New England and New York. 
Automobile istance of three hundred miles were 
made to plantations, eardene and nurseries between New 
Haven, Hartford, and Storrs; while every evening of the week 
was devoted to papers and discussions. 


oa 
o 
=I 
ot 
ct, 
ing 
o 
= 
° 
jog 
S 
° 
3} 
< 
09 
4 
fo} 
4. 
an] 
oq 
tt 
o 
i} 
ie} 
=] 
° 
cE 
a) 
° 
3 
5 
2 
OQ 
jay 
OQ 
=] 
cag 


are studied with great care! This year the yield of tent-tobacco 
was enormous, probably owing to the frequent rains. 


_Dr. Fred J. Seaver first described a collecting trip to Ithaca, 


and Syracuse University, and its purpose was the collection and 
study of fungi, especially of the p itic group the ascomy- 
cetes 


val in Ithaca Sunday evening, June 2, it was found 


ed w Co) 
points within easy reach of the Cornell University campus, and 
also some time was to be spent in the laboratory taking care of 
the material collected. 
The first trip, on Monday, June 3, was to Enfield Gorge, about 
seven miles from Ithaca. The party was taken by automobile in 
the morning and returned late in the evening, so that the entire 


18 


day was spent on the collecting grounds. A number of cup fungi 


and other species of especial interest were coll 

The next long trip w. Labrador La t forty miles 
from Itha¢a his trip also yielded inert pis 
third and last of si long ‘trips was on See to the woe 
woods and bogs. gior 
of the variety of | diti and much more time could have 


been pale sume spent ther 
collections made during de week were divided into three 
parts, most of the parasitic fungi mee left with the University. 
i taken by 


= 
x 


Certain specimens were live of the Brooklyn 
Botanic Garden, and most of the ee including all of 
the cup fungi, were brought to New Yo iter 

de 


ny ° 
ose -work a . over two hundred specimens to our 
me of these will undoubtedly ‘be of more 


‘hap usual interest 

Dr. Seaver also sdesttibed a two days trip with the potato 
aaa on Long Island, as has been noted above by Dr. 
Murrill. count of this latter event has already appeared 
in = oe i August (p. 16: 


A. B. Stour, 
Secretary of the Conference 


GREENHOUSE LECTURES 
FEBRUARY AND MARcH, 1920 
Free Public Lectures will be delivered in the Central Display 
Greenhouse, Conservatory an 2, of the Garden, Bronx Park, 
Saturday afternoons at 3:15 o’clock: 
February 21. “The Cactus ee by Dr. W. A. MurriLi. 
February 28. ‘Plants with Variegated or Colored Foliage,” 
Dr 


March 6. ie Plants,” by Mr. G, V. Nasa. 


19 
March 13. “The Pineapple and Its Relatives,” by W. A. 
March: 20. “Forcing Bulbs for the Home,” by Dr. M. A. 
Howe. . 
March 27. ‘The Calla Lily, and Its Relatives,” by MR. G. V. 
aa lectures, which occupy half an hour, will be illustrated 
by living plants and followed by demonstrations in the gree 


ouses. 
Conservator ory Range 2 is situated at the eastern side of the 


e as 
180th Street. The Conservatory is open to the public daily 
from Io to 4 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. K. Small spent most of 
December in Florida, with headquarters at Miami. This ex- 
have been published (JouRNAL 20: 21-39, 191-207. 


The enrollment in the courses of instruction in gardening has 
increased steadily during the autumn months and at the time of 


are discharged soldiers or sailors, in training un e Federal 
ard of Vo al Educati large registration has 
necessitated the employment of a third instructor who will 


appointed end will a the pea, in ebony, leaving the practi- 

work r. Kenneth 

Boy: supervisor aia gardening instruction and Mr. 
ae ia assistant. 


20 


the summer of 1919, ee pe casas of aden was 
given an cui for th ofa 
the present Mansion drive with Bronx Park East, and extendin, 


fe) t the same time, con 
siderable work has besa accomplished in the constichon a 
ees near the R the 
t Pelham Parkway. 


r. W. A. Murrill lectured at Yama Farms Inn, Nowcuber 8, 
on _ subject of ‘‘Edible and Poisonous Mushroom: 


uring November Dr. Francis W. Pennell spent some days in 


n th t Herbariu: city. his collection—the 
work of Stephen Elliott whose ‘Sketch of the Botany te) 
Carolina and Georgia,” publis' exactly a tury ago, 

most classic flora of outh—is in the care of the Charleston 


useum, and is appreciated at its real worth. It is pleasing to 
Bad an a historic herbarium so guarded and also to find it located 
in tl hich it 


that of Thomas Walter—had never crossed the ocean, even 
though it has found a home in the British Museum! 


The eames pia botanists have enrolled in the library 
since the last issue of the JOURNAL: Professor Charles S. Boyer, 
Philadelphia, re Harold Pretz, Allentown, Pa., and 
Professor W. A. Setchell, Se Calif. 


r. W. AS tche! ll, h bk i ] f absence 
fro a duties as head 0 f the depanunent of botany at ene Uni- 
1 eek: 


the Pacific Coast. A critical monograph of the blue-green algae 


21 


eels of the Pacific Coast, by Professor Setchell and 
his colleague. . N. L. Gardner, has recently been published, 

and the manus a for a similar volume on the green algae 
ieee) of the same region is now ready for the printer. 


An informal conference of city, state, and voluntary agencies 
f ildren 


siastic one. The Garden was ae by Dr. W. A. Murrill. 


Reseda ahs November:—The total Laan for the 
inches. The maximu: mperatures recorded 
at ee nie i. each Week were re 36" 0 on nthe oth, 60° on the roth 


were 3214° on the 3d, 28° on the roth, 22° on the 16th, 24° on the 
cee and 32° on the 29th. The first hard killing frost of autumn 
was on the morning’of the roth. 


ACCESSIONS 
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 


2 Baa of flowering plants from North Carolina. (By exchange with 
Mr. mee Beadle.) 
specimen of B. 


=: (Given by Mr. Severin Rapp.) 
Minnesota ith Professor John W. 


Holzinger.) 
ecimens of mosses from Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Java. (By 
eae with U. S. National Museum.) 
speci ‘imens of mosses from pond ae exchange with Mr. Severin Rapp.) 
Baha (Collected by Mr. L. J. K. Brace.) 
32 specimens of mosses from fies Ao Carolina, and Tennessee. (By 
exchange with Professor A. LeRoy Andre 
81 specimens of mosses from a rth ee and New York. (Given by Dr. 


w 


2 specimens of mosses from Virgin Islands, West Indies. (Collected by Mr. 
W. C. Fishlock. 
specimens of hepatics and mosses from Texas. (By exchange with Dr. F. 
McAllister.) 


22 


3 f flowering pl southern Florida. (Given by Mr. C. T.) 
Simpson.) 
(Given by Dr. R. M. Harper 

50 specimens ‘‘Phycotheca Saaremaa ee 46. (Received for 
Columbia University. 

I specimen of Chenopodium graveolens from Mexico. (Given by Mr. M. de 
Sautreppe. 

1 specimen of Sphagnum from the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. (Given by 
Dr. R. M. Harper.) 

I specimen of ‘‘gum Featn from Dacryodes excelsa, from Dominica, West 
Indies. (Given by Mr. W. C. Fishlock.) 

25 specimens of mosses Fas Washington. (By exchange with Mr. ¥. L. 
Pickett 

I specimen of moss from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Mr. Edwin B, 
Bartram. ) 


Mai ) 


_ By eechange with prother Leon. ) 
(By exchange 


with Professor W. W. Rowlee.) 
3 specimens of Hie ee New England. (By exchange with Miss Annie 
Lorenz.) 


(Given by. The Davey 
fi hi i . M. Shipman.) 
specimens of mosses from Japan and Hawaii. (By:exchange th Mr. E. B. 
Chamberlain y 


h Dr. O. E, Jennings.) 
42 specimens of mosses from California. (By Suisoee with Miss Alice East- 
wood. 
2 specimens of mosses from Japan. (By exchange with Dr. V. F. oa 
7 colored | lides of orchid ge.) 


Mi 
1 lid E dor vegetation. (Purchased from Dr. J. N. = 
i i Rappii from ae (Given by ae cian 


Rapp.) 

4 specimen of L 
Davidson.) 

1 colored lantern slide of Monotropa uniflora from Lake Mohonk, New York. 
(Given by Protesso r R pees arlow.) 


California. (Given by Dr. Anstruther 


Virginia. (Given by Mr, C. A. Ludwig.) 
2 specimens of ‘‘wooden-flowers"’ from Central America. (Given by Dr. L. 
A. Wailes.) 
18 specimens of mosses from Colorado. we exchange with Dr. E, Lutz.) 
Alaska, (By eae with Mr. C. is ease 
22 specimens of mosses from Wisconsin, re xchange a Dr. C. F. Mil 
rh. 


1 specimen of moss from New Jersey. (By exchange with Miss Northrop.) 
13 specmens or flowering p! plants a the White Mountains, New Hampshire. 


Har’ 
27 specimens of native fruits. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 


23 


Europe. (Given by T. H. Duche & Sons.) 
d (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
5 specimens of coffee. ae by Mr. P. L. Johnson. 
f fodd ts. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
14 specimens of grapes fron Texas. cae: by I. v. Aerie & Company.) 
: : : (Gi y) 


miby DE won Rub 


m Singapo y as Lloyd.) 
: a of spices. "(Given by ne H. yy.) 
speci of fungi from peer ae eon nae with Mrs. V. W. 


ait is d.) 


(Collected by Mr. 
Felix F. Wilmou: 


y-) 
I specimen Aster sagitlifolius from New York. (Given by Dr. Anna E. 


14 specimens of hepticae from Alaska. 


(By exchange with the United States 
National Museum.) 


ens of Aster from Princeton, New Jersey. (Given by Professor W. M. 
Rankin.) 
1 lantern slide. _ Given by: The Conrad Slide and Projection Compa 
i (B 


ny.) 
y exchange with 
Mrs. V. W, Delafie! 


1d.) 
2 specimens of fleshy fungi from Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. 
Prof. F, S. Earle. 
3 hari of Phyllosticta from Wisconsin. (Given by Dr. J. J. Davis.) 
speci of fungi from New Hampshire. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. 


(By exchange with 


Gay 
20 specimens, ‘‘Fungi Wisconsinenses Exsiccati.’’ (Distributed by Dr. J. J. 
Davis. 
specimens of fungi from Campe Meade, Maryland. 
ze.) 


(By exchange with Mr. 
Cc. . och 


lew York. (Collected by F. J. Seaver.) 


8 specimens of fungi from Porto an (By exchange with Professor FS. 


Earle.) 
I specimen of Stereum albobadium from Cuba. (By exchange with Brother 
Leon.) 
4 specimens of fungi from South Carolina. (By exchange with Professor G. 
W. Wilss ai 


imen of Melanoleuca phaeopodia from Toronto, Canada. (By exchange 
ae une 4 H. Fauil. 
aa ‘imen of Septobasidium cirvatum from the Bahamas. (Collected by Mr. 

LJ. K. ‘ace 

I specimen of Mycenastrum oregonense from Utah. 
fessor A. O. Garrett.) 

I specimen of a smilacina from Ithaca, New York. 
fessor H. H. Wh 

17 specimens - native food products and condiments. 
Rusby.) 


(By exchange with Pro- 
(Given by Pro- 


(Given by Dr. H. H. 


(Given by Dr. Samuel Hooker.) 


24 


§ specimens of cotton. (Given by Dr. E. B. Sout! 7 
I specimen of vanilla-bean. (cies by Dodge & em 
4 specimens of economic plants from New York. (Collected by Messrs. 
Williams and Wils 
18 — tating the manufacture of pyraline. (Given by E. I. du 
Pont de Nemours & Com 
I specimen sus Tae awe from Ontario. (By exchange with Professor 


1 specimen of Trichopesiza sulphurea from New York. (By exchange with 
Professor H. H. Whetzel.) y 
2 imens of flowering plants from New Brunswick. (By exchange with 
Harvard Universit y.) 
dl f (By bh $<) 
26 ‘spesimens of, flowering plants from ae ec ae with Dr. : 
M. T. Daw 
r specimen of Ranunculus from New Jersey. (Given by Miss A. M. Seifert.) 
11 specimens.of Ochroma from Central America. (Given by Professor W. W. 
Rowlee. : 
'§ specimens of flowering plants from Quebec. (By exchange with Brother 
Victorin.) 


America (By re 


98 specimens of flowering plants from North America. (By exchange with 
Harvard University.) 


212 specimens of flowering plants from Canada. (By exchange with the 


ase: ad : of lichens from southern Florida. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. 
N. L. Brit n.) 


Florida. (Collected by Dr. 
J. K. Small.) 


i h Florid {Collected 
by Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. K. Small.) 
65 specimens of drugs. (Given by Parke, Davis & a 
88 specimens of drugs. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusl 
7 specimens of drugs. ae by a 7 ele 


en by 


d: i by Seabury ‘Tohnan.) 


( by Johnson.) 
 apeci i i hic. (Giv es by Dr I-A, Lyd) 
7 i i i Alabama. (Give! Dr. R. M. Harper.) 
i 7 i New Jersey. ae by Mrs. E. W. Given.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert AMS, 
Fri 


G. Billings, 
George Blumenthal, 
rge S. Brewster, 


Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, 
W. H. Carpenter, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, 
William G. Choate, 
Hon. W. A. Clark 

C. A. Coffin, 

Samuel P. Colt, 
Edmund C. Converse, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, 


J. Montgomery Hare, 


Edward S. Harkness, 
Prof. R. A 


A. Heck: 
Behar ae 
enry R. Hoy 

ne cher M. Hentiagton, 
drian Iselin, 


t) 
cei . ‘a 
Edw. V. Z 
Dr. Albert A ‘ae X, 
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
aii Lew 

vid Lydig, 
Goa K. Mackenzie, 
V. Everit Macy, 
Edgar L. Marston, 

. Matheson 


isohn, 


George W. Perkins, 


Valentine = cae 
eyer, 


w.J 7 James S: 
Dr. William H. Maxwell, Francis L, Stetson, 


George McAneny, 
Emerson McMillin, 
Dr. Walter Mendelson, 


oD n, 
Eben E. jae 
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 


nry 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 


Frederick Strauss, 
eS me 

B. B. Thay: 

Charles G. ent 

Dr.W. Gilman Thompsen, 


Winthrop, 
Grenville L. Winthrop, 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, Shake Armour, 
Mrs. Rob 

Miss Elizabeth mln 
Mrs. N. L. B 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 


Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
Mrs. A. A. 


Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 


rs. A, Barton Hepburn, Ts verit Macy, Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, ee enry Marquand, W. G. Thompson, 
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking irs, Cabot Ward. 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsos, 
Mis John I. si, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, te conten 
notes, news, and sage tend aoe of general ne rest. Free to all members 
of the Garden. To others, copy; $1.00 a year. [Not “obteced | in ex- 

cat conan 


Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and yeahlae devoted to fungi, 
including lichens; containing technical as an s and notes a pea 
unig: ae an index to current American aoa Pee iterature. $4.0 

single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its tenia ones 

Addis Sing quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored pate accompanied by 
popular descriptions of ice aoa ip lates in each number, thirty-two in 
each volum ee mn price, $10 year. [No a eee in exchange.) Now 
in i Bie 


Bulletin of t Ee New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- 
al all members 


bodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to memb 
f den; h 0 per volu Now in its tenth vol 

erican Flora. Descriptions the wild plants of Nort h America, 

including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be 

completed in 34 volumes. oy. 8vo. olume to consist of four or more 

arts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts 
will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange.] 
, part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fi riaceae. 

part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 


(pars) s 1 and 2 no lo 

Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—A garicaceae 
(pars). ee Ss I-3 no longe aso separately.) 

Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae (pars). 

Vol. 15, parts I and 2, 1913. Soha naceae—Leucobryaceae. 
Vol 


1. 16, part 1, 1909. rs). 
Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typ! a (pars). 
ia 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio- 


Vol. 22, parts I axel 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 

Vol. 24, part 1, 10103 part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 

Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 
i ae. 


by D. ie xvi + 320 pp., wi 6 fi » 1903. 
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains Ses ee New 
Hollick and E. C. J aa ii oi i 


B 73 figures a: 
ol. V. Flora of the Vicinity a ae York: 5 trib Pl; graphy 
by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 p hg plates. 1915. 
Vol. VI. Papers presented at rhe Cale of ae Twentieth par of 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many text 
res. 1916, 


Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members o the staff, and reprinted from jo tier: 
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 
volume. 

NEW YORK pee ie GARDEN 
Bro: ‘ark, New York City 


ee ee ee 


Vol, XXI February, 1920 No, 242 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 

Pacs 
Of Grottoes and Ancient Dunes . . 2. --- ... eee ee et ee 25 
Mie wild Pimentowof jamaica... es bie ee ee ee ln os 38 
Organization of the American Iris Society... . 2-2... . eee eae 39 
MT IMERTCMMBL ERI yi ee.) ki aj mie eee alin CS eager ay es 41 
Notes; Mews aud |Comments. 2. keila c e ae mses ere ee ee 42 
PCCOEMLOUM! voi)ie fal a¥ vel ism fee 'e. jul mia lala Ronen ial sanyscs hea is.) vas es) he 44 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Art 4x NortH Queen Street, Lancastar, Pa. 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS 1920 
PaesipeEnt—W, GILMAN THOMPSON 
Vicr-Parsients FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 

EDWAR MS 


TrEASURER—JOHN L, en 
ASSISTANT Teed ee DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires tegen fie 


es L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
ENRY W. ve FOREST TREDEEI C R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 1 
PAUL D. CRAVA OR cE. W. ; 
MURRY GUCGENEEIM FRANCIS vYNDE SSTETSON : 
ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY 
‘ 
Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. vz FOREST i P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tue Mayor oF THE City or New York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
Tur PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3: ahead DIRECTORS 
ARPER, 


ae RA , Chairmi 
EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER ete ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. bere a PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. K PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. bay eee Director-in- Chief (Development, areca 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. ee = SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowe ae Plants) 


“ih 
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowettens Plat) 
DR. FRED J. See ee Ache rie 
ise = ae , Administrati: a ap a \ 
WILSON, aes Cur 
R. ime ANCIS W. PENNELL, ieee ipa 


i] 
TOUT, Director of the ratories 
DR. JOHN: HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
SARA ke poe 
H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator e Economic Pa 
IT 


ARTHUR . att Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds , 
ENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Fitba Instruction ‘ 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI February, 1920 No. 242 


OF GROTTOES AND ANCIENT DUNES 
A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER 1918 
WITH PLATES 241 AND 242 


Bot: jcal 1 ti 


[ Florida in recent years has shown that 
state to be much more of a cactus center than was formerly 
supposed. Certain observations in the course of our field-work 


harles Deering, who has also generously codperated in 
previous, as well as in hire field excursions. 


NorTHERN FLORIDA 


e excursion took us to the western and southern extremes 
of the mainland, and much new territory in the interior of the 


J : 21-39. pl. 224-226. 1919. 
25 


26 


peninsula was visited. Our first objective in Florida was 
Pensacola, which is situated in the extreme western part of the 
is built ‘ 


e 
when seeds and aay ea and Bor in the outer coastal 
plain is usually ral months in North, 
shrubby evergreen- eienea (Chrysoma @poncifosalt), 
contrary to its assigned habitat, the littoral belt, was in bloo 


On the higher level stretches in place of pine woods, apparently 
chiefly caused by slight moisture-collecting pee in th 
land, were occasional hammocks of beauahal live-oak trees with 


rand was for cae and — and we were not wholly 
untia 


Pollardi) and one fern ae aquilina)! 
n the low land along Escambia Bay, an interesting pheno_ 
menon was observed. The flats near the shore in some placeg 


a- 
chicola Bay. The trees seem none the worse for their saline 
environment. 

A few miles east of the Escambia River and Bec Bay 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 19: 5. 1918. 


27 


lies one of the amas little-known and very interesting 
i ida. It i uate e h and 


regions of Flori ed betwi the 85t! 87th 
meridians, In fact al ie state west of the Apalachicola has 
been neglected from a botanical standpoint. he leas wn 
part lies between the 8 and 87th meridians, and hin 
ie oe and occupying about one-thi f the area is the 
Choctawhatchee Division f t rida Nati ores 


ie topography ranges from the flats at sea-level to hills said 
to three hundred feet high in the interior. 
t conspicuous aad in the higher parts, as in the 
01 


rtance. 
the most part broad-leaved shrubs and trees, grow in the ham- 
mor eri 
creeks that flow across the reservatio 


astward, however, eine of limestone appear. ardwoo: 
forests and shor f pine increase aes the pinelands of the 
eastern Florida 
n middle and western Florida we fads a mingling of northern 
ee southern floras, the former extending down the hills and 
ges of western Georgia into the hilly country of northern 
Florida, and the latter extending up from the warm Gulf Coast 
nearby. 
The middle portion of northern Florida is a rather extraordi- 
nary plant region and one perhaps more interesting, on account 


28 


of some of its endemic plants, than either the eastern or the 
nt pa b: 


western portions. In it, and also in adjace rts of Alabama 
an rgia, we find an exceptional number of endemic species 
rang re inconspicuous herbs to large shrubs and trees 
The herbaceous plants are too numerous to ion in e! 
of this scope noteworthy trees of this category are 
the yew (Taxus 4 ) and the tor. ‘ mmonl 


which have arboreous relatives in the New World nearer than 
California. 

Working by day and traveling by night soon brought us to 
the northern part of the Florida peninsula at Gainesville. There 


s! 
arise, some which can be wed only by extended investi- 
gations in ne field. 
LAKE GEORGE REGION 
rom Gainesville we went south to Ocala. Both these places 
are situated in or near the lime-sink region, which, too, is in nee 


J 19: 74. 


(OpPUYD JOQDS) 991)-aseqqwvo ay] JO Jey oY]] Uayes pue 
paissyfoo st wyed styz jo (pnq) a8eqqeo ayy * Ma} E Sot] yory 
SEW JT, qni9s,, ay} 0} pauyuos Apisow st ued SIL “pues Syn MOUS oi ul Surmoas (vino pDqDS) eerie au} 
yo Wed BuNIMIY ‘*gIGI ‘aqmasag ‘oB1oor) aye] JO Jom ‘S904 FRUONEN CPuO_y oy? JO UOTSTAIC, B[LIO 9y} UT |. qnios,, ay, 


If@ aLV1g NAGUYS) TYOINVIOG WIOA MAN AHL so TwNUNOf 


29 


of botanical exploration, but the very limited time at our dis- 
posal prevented us from making even a beginning, as we had 
to rf - i +: 1 T 1 fied a 


orge, we took the maces erie and very narrow trail 
that had not been ee investigated for nearly a century 
Oc 


River and west of the aes Uae consists of the so-called 

“scrub.” Itisa stationary sand-dunes. 

The sand is fine-grained and usually snow-white. Woody 

vegetation is conspicuous and plentiful, although stunted; 

herbaceous vegetation is rather inconspicuous and scattered, 
sed. 


asst 
A score of shrubs are evergreen; most conspicuous among 
them is the rosemary (Ceratiola). It grows as a broom-like bush 
from three to eight feet tall, has very numerous, but also very 


small, reddish o: lowers in fall and winter and, later, 
1 globular fruits clustered along the branches ver, 
neither flowers its are conspicuous; but the deep-green of 


u 
against the white sand. This plant is widely separated from its 
two relatives in the United States—the crowberries (Empetrum 


30 


and Corema)—both of which are mainly boreal in their distri- 
bution. 

The prickly-pear of the region was soon found growing all 
over the sand-ridges, many of the plants bearing both flowers and 
fruits. The ei ad was plentiful and in the height of 
its fruiting se 


These ey ridge constitute the northern portion of the 
ub. h 


and to ears fifty miles from the southern end of the ae ula. 
of ne ee are extensive Eanes: Dine woods, 
Hl nd 


less in area 


moc 

lime-sinks. It is re a strange country and it might be, by 
some, considered uncanny or even dangerous. The land is 
liable to cave in poet one’s ie a drop one in the bottom of 


submerge one 


he d 
below the water-table. There. are sinks o 


rees down over fifty feet, and where the trunks may still be 
een submerged in the clear water sinks of various 
sizes and shapes, some with boiling spring: ich spread out 


otto 
is land, with its extensive prairies, its Nae forests, and 
springs, was evidently a EASE decelity with the serge 
+ by the st 


vicinity of Lake 

We finally sacked the western shores of Lake George oie 
haps stood on the very spot where the Bartrams! camped ae 
their travels in that region about a century and a half ago. 


oe Bartram (1699-177), the first native American botanist, was greatly 


ndence 
an 
‘ollected ne New 

ie explored the Saint 


with Pee Collinson “asoe-76, of London, who eventually secured i 
appointment a: ing’s botanist." Bartram traveled and c 
York to fa In thes summer a 1765, at the age of 66, he 


hhn’s nea 


31 
The prickly-pear that occurred scattered in the “scrub” 
hammock on the higher ¥ ground in 


Thence we began a 
parts of the reservation. It was there w we found the prickly- “pear 
p 


an account ‘of a plant from the Lake George region by William 


tally from the description in Fe armament and the fruits. 


The Bartram plant remains to rediscovered, unless it has 
been exterminated by the ae cattle that have roamed 
that country for a century or two. e cattle even now browse 


on the joints of the plant we sour there, in spite of its copious 
armament of s 
Both the Plovida species of Zamia grew in that regi ion— 


last century that the 
eae beeen the species were clearly interpreted and it 


8 

Fa 

wn 

=] 

° 

+ 

=] 

=] 
mot 
=> 
ct. 
as 
3 
a 
° 
is 
o 


peat (2739-1823) had the Bd vantnee of a ae education, and of 
e-accompanied his 


association 
fai d \ 


the Saint John’ ‘Ss River, Lahr he eee eae a eas In 1772 he began the 


“Travels.” He was a botanical artist of much enthusiasm and considerable 


1 See ite published in seme of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 21, 29, 
and 30. pl. 224. I9I9. 

2 i through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, 
16 


32 


as only quite recently that their geographic distribution was 
ay well understood. 

William Baldwin,’ writing from a settlement called Tomore: 

Florida, on May 15, 1817, to a friend at the North, says: I 


hunger by having recourse to i ie or comptie, as 
it is now called, is still used by the Seminole Indians, and there 
are starch mills ve furnished th o manufacturers in 
commercial quantities for many ye: 


'y years. 
ing returned to.Ocala late in the evening, we started at 
once for Miami by way of Jacksonville, and, in due time, reached 
our destination. 


A JOURNEY TO THE FERN GROTTOES 


ooner had we arrived at Miami than we set out on another 
excursion to the upper part of the peninsula nearly as far north 


ing ugh same region descri in a former paper? 
Traveling still further north, the next morning we d Ne 

myri im partake of kfast, and then started 

across the peninsula. After passing through t t woods 


with their forests of long-leaf pines and sand-pine in the higher 


THliam Baldwi. 810) di 


y 
nited States n h f the 
flora of the southern ee. Tn 1805-06 he Manas China; and in 1817-18, South 


America 


and HENDLEY BARNHART. 
* Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 191-207. 919. 


“suyot 


Supiojdxa 49y? Burmnp padures savy Aeur swenzeg ‘aug ‘007 “roy fe ioutdice ai) 7 ose Songnep pue “sourdu0qe epLoyy 
ayy jo aoejd Burdwes e AyjuaplAa sem punoisyoeq ay} UT ysourmIey ayy “saan suYyOf "3g Oy) Jo qed ST apr sazrur yyBIa pue 
Buo] soyjur usazyy INoqe ‘1ayeM Jo Apog sty, “gI6I ‘aequiooaqy ‘yYNos pue y3IOU AeMprur ynoge * 


eve aLVId NAGUY TVOINVLOG MYO, MAN FHL so TwNanof 


33 


Parts, and the black-pine in the low parts, and all paella 
Ww 


e 
was at Orlando where we called on Cameron Mann, Episcopal 
Bishop of Southern Florida, and also a botanist. Dr. Mann’s 
residence i is surrounded by trees and shrubs planted many years 


ago. e two specimens are a giant camphor 
tree and a very large Pies pennies The latter- named tree 
frozen to the ground two years ago; b is over 


reaching our immediate objective—Inver ress, which is situated 
-on the western coast of the peninsula. 

We had good roads for many miles west of Orlando, but 

wi 


they began to fail us about sundown, and it was dark wh e 
reached Bu: There we partook of our first regular meal 
since leav Miami, and out for Inverness s the 


viduals the nearest way to Istachatta, where we expected to turn 


peaiets pp Wiirtemberg, September 6, 1853; came 
erica in 1883 Florida, her e he 
ae resides; was a shoemaker until his retirement in A T9EE) ae oe in 
bot: any a about rgo 


lar! 1 of which ae his name. 
—Joun HENDLEY peat 


Mary Plainfield, Connecticut, November 29, 1876, 

and made her nota: there until 1917, when she removed to Florida; in 1918 she 

married Thomas Rakestny Baker, Ph. D. (1837- ), of Winter Park, who was 
or many i in Pennsylvania and Florida 


Mrs. Baker is the author of a ‘Book of Grasses,” published in 1912.—Joun 
HENDLEY BARNHART. 
3 Cameron Mena was born: y in Ba hab City, April 3. 1851; is a graduate of 


of S. T.D errr, Eni. li J 


ith his episcopal 
Ps 


He 
do, since October, 1913.—JouHN HENDLEY BARNHART. 


34 


rth to reach our destination. We received definite and non- 

pea aie information, the gist of which was without excep- 

tion, to take the left hand road at each fork, which was definitely 
identifiable in some way. All went well and all localities tallied 
i hi 


ng trail, as the roa ntinued to bear off to r to th 
south The geological formation had changed at about the 
point where we took the wron il. Thec 
quite hilly and more dy, $s apparently uninhabited 
ithough we realized our mistake, we decided to c ue a 
await developments. inally we reached the Withlacoochee 
River, crossed it and found ourselves at Croom about wa 
up the road to Inverness, this without having been arrested 
by the county officials, ened perhaps, under suspicion as 
blockade runners as illegal transporters of spirituous liquor are 


known in those parts. 
Early the following morning we retraced our course of the 
f 


for pon a natural flower garden [ nearly 
mid-Dece: r, ho nt on llow-jessamine (Gel- 
semium), yellow-buttons (Actinospermum), goldenrod (Solidago), 
and several asters te ere in fter another 
slight decline, we fo ourselves on the edge of a veritable n 

ural am atre, surrounding a cypress entering 
the theatre th cky walls we found ourselves among 


S 
limestone. Everything was partly or completely covered with 


35 


a growth of at least a dozen different kinds of ferns, nee varied 
e kind th An 


enchanting grove of both coniferous and br tent trees 
overshadowed the grotto, ance ther a grove and a grotto that 
would have been a delight to the devotees of the worship of Baal; 


but this sanctuary had co been profaned. 
he trees of the hammock association are mainly deciduous. 


a: as mm am 
indicates, the ee the eat Bhi le ‘tischun), a 
cone-bearer, is TI 


ress aoe in the swampy y parts, siowink with 


fifty feet. One tree we ieee had a trunk diameter of nearly 

ix feet out four feet above the ground! 

Con ee at ee t season, and ubiquitous, were two mem- 
amil 


show: 11 lower: oth these plants are armed; but for 
different purposes, the nettle with stinging hairs for defence and 
t 1 ith fang-like carpels with barbed awns for dissem- 
ination. No plants ee the grotto are like those in the sur- 
rounding pinewoods, ev e palms are different. The common 
saw-pal almet(e (Serenaa) ee the pine woods; while the palm 
of th needle-palm ee hid ophyllum. 


ye 
The sea raise of this and aa ring grottoes dates from 


1 Ti 


See Ne 69-77- 
2¥For a detailed account of the history of these pana see 7 “M. Harper, 
American Fern Journal §: 68-81. 1916. 


36 


1881, when A. H. Curtiss,! having learned of their existence 
not recorded, made a pilgrimage to them from 


elve. 
reported and two additional ones which are indicated by small 
e 


POLYPODIUM PECTINATUM Asplenium heterochroum 
Polypodium polypodioides ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON 
Polypodium Plumula Asplenium verecundum 
Pteris cretica Tectaria heraclifolia 
Adiantum Dryopteris floridan 
Asplenium abscissum Dryopteris normalis 
Asplenium Curtissit yopteris reptans 
concentrated gr of ferns we have er seen 
anywhere el Boulders and cliffs were entirely hidden from 


view by dense masses of the various species growing intimately 
mixed. On other overhanging rocks with rather smooth faces 


e Allen Hiram ita (1845-1907) was a cueh 4 unty, New York. 


irgin 
8) 
to collect plants for distribution. In 1 are he seu in pape where he lived 
for the ei uiad of bis fa For many. baaet $ Broken ee 
: E et 


van printed labels, are to be found in nearly all the large herbaria of ne orld. 
y During the last 
to parts of the West Indies.— Jom 


HENDLEY BARNHART. 

’ John Donnell Smith was born June 1829, in Baltimore, Maryland, which 
has always been his home. After gradi an ion at Yale, he studied law, and w: 
admitted to the bar. eae the latter part oF me ay il War he was a cap ante i 
the Confederate Army. d much of his time to the 
study of the flora of Central America i i 

f i ill i f this flora, i ollected by himself during 
the years 1889-96, have found t! way into various ae herbaria. 
collected in peninsular Florida — in 1877 and following years; as earl 
as 1878 he explored the Caloosahatchee in company with the bryologist Coe 
Finch Austin (1831-1880).—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART. 


37 


the plants were scattered. Most of the kinds grow not only 


tl 

der: e or less horizontal surfaces. The SO 

le of various sizes and kinds of ferns often completely hide 

numerous pitfalls of various sizes and g from a few feet 
ng is rendered exceedingly dangerous 


twelve feet deep. 4 
from these pitfalls alone, not to mention the soft and crumbling 


edges of cliffs ai ges. 
resurrection- fern Sie ee polypodioides) was 
two wood-ferns (Dryopteris 


an often grasp a half 


ter nature a built and napried this grotto beyond t 
power of words to describe, man fia fecenuy Se rted the tas 
of utterly deat: it. Although thereabouts 
in unlimited supply, a mill’ placed at the edge of the grotto is 
the Leas into powder to be sold for the purpose of 


grinding 
sce Saas 

Afte: ee over the larger part of this great amphi- 
theatre we ines to Pineola. and located a series of caves 
further north between the road and the river. There we found 
less surface weathering and more subterranean erosion. Quite 
extensive caves enabled us to walk about ten to fifteen 
feet beneath the sur ae of the ground. Only near the openings 
find ferns a then in less abun n both 


of the caverns did w 


ay 


one, a 

fibrous roots, br leaves, not suggestive of a ss, and more 

peculiarly large panicles of fruits. The fruits are viscid and 
e has handled a plant he finds most of 


e 
the fruit adhering to his clothing. 
previously collected in Florida, nearly a century ago during the 


1 See also R. M. Harper, Natural History 19: 201. 1919. 


38 


Indian Wars. The mature plants in leafage resemble some kinds 


of seedling e 1 plant was a Peperomia, of a species 
t collected in eastern peer in the early part e ee 
century and brought to light only a few times since. 


e 
only one of our four species of Peperomia now found in a. 
that does not also Brow in ume West Paliee 
t or Brooks- 
ee ees ne sehen: after iene Floral nie we passed 
er some sand hills with a north and south axis. After crossing 
0: 


Garden of the United States en of Agriculture, a few 
miles southeast of the city limit: 


(To be continued.) 


THE WILD PIMENTO OF JAMAICA 


The region known as Peckham Woods in Upper Clarendon 
ough 


oil which pervades the plant is different from that of either 


39 


relative. Amomis caryophyllata runs into a number of ae 


ot 
i} 
i) 
2 
So 
fan 
4 
a 
= 
[a 
2 
io” 
< 
+ 
3 
® 
° 
= 
a 
ima 
3 
of 
io} 
oc 
a 


approach very closely the Jamaica tree here discussed. 


Amomis jamaicensis Britton & Harris, sp. nov. 
e 13 m. high, with a trunk sometimes 3 dm. 
ae) ‘librous ea ee ovis terete, rather stout. 


tiaceous, 5-9 cm. long, 
dull, neal equally green on beth = pinnately veined, not 
strongly reticulate, rounded at t pex, narro , obt or 
rounded a se, the midvein imp bove, elevated 
Db th, the stout petioles 1.5 cm. lo r less; inflorescence 
several-many-flowered, 5-8 cm. broad, its branches stout, fruits 


persistent on the aaa ovary; seeds 2; radicles much longer 
than the cotyledon: 
Peckham Woods, Upper Clarendon, Jamaica (Harris 12876, 
type; 12788). 
N. L. Britton 


ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY 


eadily increasing interest throughout the country in the 
breeding of Iris resu 


wo 
fo} 
= 
ry 
a 
ve] 
rs) 
alt 
g 


re 
Sixty-four persons appeared at the initial meeting, in spite of 


40 


many discouraging circumstances, and letters from others at 

greater distances increased the list of charter members to over 

150, oe all parts of the country from Maine to Cali- 

fornia. r. pad of Phi adel, presided at the meet- 
the Man 


Far 
treasurer. The next meeting of the society will be held dunce 
the iris season, probably at are 
The plans for the new socie h into the history 

of iris breeding the e parentage et the 1 numerous hortiuta 
varieties, the standardization of i ‘ 
of iris varieties, with the elimination of d ipli 

ation of iris pests and diseases, the promorod of bean interest 
in iris cultivation, and the establishment in suitable cities of 
test oe eoneen eardcns: In _ aw outa ne pro- 

i New Yor 


Boeanical Garden is of especial ie 


‘ew plants off 
esting possibilities to the ae as iris. Few plants are 
culti as i 


as easil ivated or adapted to ide a range of soil and 
climat e enthusiastic organization meeting and the large 
membership list indicate at once the widespread interest in the 


a 
societies have already accomplished for the rose, the peony, 


the gladiolus, and the dahlia 
H. A. GLEason 


41 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY 


The January conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 
Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the museum 
building, Wednesday, January 7, 1920, at 
gram for this conference was as follows: “Some seh on ae 
so-called ‘International Rules of Nomenclature’’’ by D 
Barnhart. 

arnhart referred briefly to the early rules for nomencla- 
ted by Li 


een eons’ - Pe in 1867 a ae at vue in 1905. 
f the 


the fact that the Connan ee voted as a unit, accepting 


Engler’s word as , and controlled absolutely every vote, 
first securing the ion of an innocent-looking set of rules of 
or hich provided for the decision of every question by a 

ere majority vote; and the further t th umber of 


a uch e€ eve 
distribution of the voting power. In conclusion Be called atten- 
ion to the fact that although tl been called 
congresses,’’ the word ‘‘conference’’ would better express, in 
English, their true function; delegates attend them to present 
adequately the views of their constituents, and by their votes to 


42 


place those views on record; for his own part he had never con- 
sidered himself in any way ‘‘bound” by the acts of these ‘‘con- 
gresses” because of his participation in them, and he believed 
that this was the view adopted by most if aot a of the other 
delegates. 

Secretary of ena 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


D.N. , Mrs. Britton, and Miss Dorothy Coker 
sailed ais . for Port of Spain, Trinidad, where they will 
spend tw h the botanical exploration of the island. 

ci Brit 


to secure specimens of tne orchids for culeyationd in the new 
completed at Conservatory Range 2. 


The following visiting scientists have recently registered in the 
Roland M. H 


library: Dr. Rola: arper, College Point, N. Y., Professor 
K Wiegand, Ithaca, N. Y., Professor Alexander W. Evans, 
e en, Conn Miles de Wachenfelt, Stockholm, 


hia: mit! 
Madison, Wis., Dr. A. F. Blak ie “Cold Spee Harbor, ota 
Dr. J. N. Rose, Washington, D. C. 


Dr. H. S. Jackson, of the Purdue University Agricultural 


dying 


the literature of the Uredineae. 


Dr. W. T. Swingle, ‘of the Bureau of Hag Industry at Wash- 
ington, was a recent visitor at the Gar 


a fags . . aa 


d 
the ayinter months tea a class of women. The class has been 
Mr. K. R. 


09 
iS) 
a 
a 
oO 
i=] 
i 
5 
n 
ot 
g 
m1 
ao 
¢. 
° 
3 
p 
5 
a 
oe 
ot 
oO 
g 
ise] 
S 
aa 
Pp 
=] 
[os 
im 
ou 
oO 
iam 


various phases of plant piopabetons pruning, and greenhouse 
and garden practice. 


43 


Work is steadily progressing on the construction of new con- 
h use! ben 


nd are a great 
mprovement over the old benches of wood or slate ee steel 
originally used 


On uary 22, the biology a of Evander Childs High 
School ant their semi-annual visit to the Garden, inspecting 
the conservatory and museum ciiecton under the guidance 
of their ine on ents ers of the Garden staff, and 
anne gi in th 
lecture hall . Mr. George E. Hewitt with slides loaned by the 
American Museum of Natural History 


The Nature- Study and Garden al ea - the City, 
ted 


Committee made up of one representative from each organiza- 
tion. The cost of ae will be borne by the School Garden 
Association. 


Meteorology for December.—The total precipitation for the 


I. 23d. The mini 
peratures were 13° on the 4th, 17° on the 15th, —4° on the an 
12° on the 26t! 


Meteorology for the year 1919.—The total precipitation at the 
New York Botanical Garden for the year was 37.82 inches. 


is was distri months as follows: January, 3.21 
inches (including a very light fall of snow, about 34 inch by snow 
meas ent) ary, 2.80 (including 1 and 14 inch by snow 


measurement); March, 4.15 (including 434 inches snow measure- 


44 
ment) April, 2.80; May, 4.05; June, 1.14; July, 4.44; August, 
4.13; September, 2.85; October, 2.65; November, 2.81; December 

‘71! 


The first hard killing frost of the autumn was on the morning of 
November 10 


ACCESSIONS 


specimens of Calostoma lutescens from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with 

neat r J. F. ue ms.) 

Mrs. John Ross Delafield.) 
2 specimens of fungi from Ontario. 

ness.) 


Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania, (By exchange with 


(By exchange with Professor John Dear- 


ag ies of Coliricia tomentosa from New York. (By exchange with Dr. 
Howard J. Banker.) 

I specimen a Clitocybe multiceps from Canada. 
J. H. Faull. 

2 specimens of oo from New York Botanical Garden. 
Mr. F. Fy von Milmow y-) 
- Mr. Kenneth Boynton.) 

12 specimens of fungi from New York. 

r.) 


(By exchange with Professor 


(By exchange with 


New (Collected 


(Collected by Dr. W. A. Murrill and 
Mr. H. I. Miller 


Byerk di Amherst, Massachusett: 


(By exchange 
with be sae J. Anderson.) 

of fentag ostreatus from Salt Lake City, Utah. (By exchange 
an oa - io Garrett.) 


from South Carolina. (Collected by Dr. F. 
W. Pennell.) 
I specimen of Coprinus micaceus from Utah. 


(By exchange with Mr. A. O. 
Garrett.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Edward S. Harkness, George W. Perkins, 
Fritz Achelis, Prof. R. a Henry Phipps, 
Edward D. Adams, Amory Haskell, R. Pierson, 
Charles B. Alexander, T. A. Havemeyer, James R. Pitcher, 
Vince: A. Heckscher, Ira lace, 

hn W. Auchincloss, Eee. Stat Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
George i . Hoy: Charles F. Rand, 
Stephen Bake re nee M. Flaite Ogden Mills Reid, 

mund L, Baylies drian Iselin, dwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Dr. Walter B. James, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Walter B. sa John D. Rockefeller, 
C.K. G, Billings, Otto H. ai Ber 
George Blumenthal, Prof. James re Kemp, W.E cath 
George S. Brewster, Darwin P. Kingsley, Prof. ae isl; ren 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Dr. Reginald H. cee. 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Jacob H. Schiff, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, orti its ‘hi 

nter, Adolph Lewisohn, Albert R. Shattuck, 

Prof. C. F. Chandler, David Lydig, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
William G, Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloan 
Hon Clark, V. Everit Macy, alentine P. Snyder, 
C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. ecg James Speyer, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L. Stetson, 
Edmund C. Converse, os eg Maxwell, Frederick Strauss, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, F. K. Sturgis, 
Paul D. Cravath, enero McMillin, B. B. Thayer, 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter iendclion: Charles G. Thom; 

muel W, Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Theta 
Willia: ; Ogden Mills, ‘yles Tie 
JamesB. Ford, , on. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, 

enry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, W. K. Vanderbilt, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, 
Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Norton, H. H. Westinghouse, 
Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott, Bronson Winthrop, 
J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Grenville L. Winthios: 
J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Mrs. con, Mrs. Hamilton ean, Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss < eae eee ke mi stav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs, rit . Low, {rs. Benson B. Sloan, 
tel er ul os Go MacVeas, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Hen ‘mauientl Mrs. W. G. Ne 
Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot W: 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, ae Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 
Mrs. John I. Kane, F. K. Sturgis, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, sre ack containing 
0 all 


notes, news, and non-technical articles of general ae Free members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not “offe red in ex- 
change.] Now ii in its twenty-first volume. 


Mycolo; 
including fekene: containing technical articles and news ae notes of pi 
interest, and an index to current American nee literature. $4. 00 a year; 
single ae not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its twelfth volume. 


Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates cm by 
popular destptions of floweri: spi in 
each volum coe price, “$10. 00 a} year. [Not offered in sea |] N 
in its at ume. 


Bulletin ma the New York Botanical Garden, containing the erga See 
oe fas Director-in- ehicta nd. other official documents, and technical articles em- 
ied out in the Garden. Free to all menthe 
es ae Garden; a pia a 00 per youn: Now in its tenth volume. 


S : 
arts. ae ion ee $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts 
ae “I 


Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; part 2, 7; part 3, ay  Uatllaginacede Acces 
(pars). (Parts 1 and 2 no longer aad sce rately.) 
Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no a Jonast mld separately. 
Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae hae 
art: 


eae 
Vol. 17, part 1, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars). 
A be part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio- 


vol. 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 


Rosaceae. 


Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. ae. (pars). 


Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 

Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. let! rege bec 

Vol. 32 918. Rubiaceae (pars) 

Vol. 34, I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part SF spice Rantuncess Salient aare 

Memoirs of the New = qe eae Garden. he Garden, 
$1 ef per volume. To oth oo. [Not offered i h ] 


An Annotated Catalogue of hl Flora of Montana an Bai Yellowstone 
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 }» with detaile d map. 
aD: 


Vol. II. i ee of Light an a Develogiiene 
by D. T. Mac! xvi + 320 pp., with aie figures. 903. 
Vol. III. Studies ‘of Cretaceous a is Remains noe: Kreischerville, New 
York, by A. pee and E. C. antares 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. 
ffects 


LNs ts of the Rays aE Raum on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. 
viii + 278 pp., alk 73 figures and 14 plat 908. 

Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of Nee ‘ari! AC trib Plant Geography 
by Norman Taylor. v1 + 683 pp., with 9 plates. 1915. 

Vol. VI. Papers se eacritid at the Celebration of "the Twentieth ae a 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many t 
figures. 1916. 


Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals 
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per vag In the ninth 
volume. 

NEW YORK bandit GARDEN 
ronx Park, New York City 


Vol. XX1 March, 1920 No, 243 


PoURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Pace 
OEGrottoes nnd AmciontiDNNes 4). sos) 2 woke es So a dee eho e a  s 45 
Saturday and Sunday Spring Lectures,1920........... Cie 54 
Hardy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden .......,.... 56 
OTIC I oe 2 ele SR es ge a, 60 
RDO M ROEM IMAM OD IMMROTIC. = Nog ow! os nhs wre) a Bin en's Ge les le ew es 62 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 4x Noxtw Quazn Staget, Lancastaue, Pa. 


Tre New Ena Painmixc Company 


OFFIOERS 1920 


PresipgEnt—W, GILMAN THOMPSON 7 

3 FRANCIS RoE Pages: 
Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD 
TreaSuRER—JOHN L, M Vaan 
AssIsTANT TrEasuRER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Srcretary—N, L, BRITTON 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 
fees expires sere 


N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
RY W. ve FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires peste 
ca ve CRA ORGE. W. PERKINS 
MUR Y GUGGENEEIM FRA NCIS LYNDE STETSON 
ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY 
Term expires ee 1923 
EDWARD D. aus JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. ve FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGI 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tue Mayor oF THE City oF New York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


a SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
EROk. R. A. HARPER, Chairman 


EUGENE P. BICKN PROF, FREDERIC S. LEE 

DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRé 

PROF. WILLIAM J. ae PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KE PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- gs ief Seca ent, Administration) 


lo} 
tod 
hy 
mw 
ic 
y 
cE 
tee 
oqo 
x 
~} 
3 
°o 
q 
oO 
eo 
a 
a) 


rator 
GEORGE Vv. NASH, Head Gardener and ie ae Plantations 
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the ories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY a toe "Bibliographer 
RAH H. HAR Librarian 
iH , Honorary Curator of the Economic Collennes 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator 6 ce laa 
DR. WIL! ue mn. 


5 inee! a 
R S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant 
Pea - oe Superintendent of Buildings ae Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


, 


7 {ps PUL EP PB yor sty} UQ “FT punoswe 
wo1y Aeme papors uaeq sey YoIYM 7eY) UY JapeoIq YON APUApAa ‘anojsauut] Jo sseur I 1p yOeq ayy uy = *AWJOUTUT 
oud UL JO JUesqe aie $001] paaBa, peolg = “puNoISaioj ay} ul ..saauy,, Surduedworse say? YIP $aex7 ssaid{o oFqUETIB Udo ‘1a8sE] 
JO douasoid ay} Aq pazpoyRIEYD are suCTIBARI s9MOT ‘BIG “UDqWacC ‘EPLOTA '[OsUIg a 073013 usay Jo qed MOT Uy 


vz LVI NOdaY ‘IVSINVLOG MYOA MAN 3HL 40 IwNanof 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI March, 1920 No. 243 


OF GROTTOES AND ANCIENT DUNES 
WITH PLATES 243 AND 244 
(Continued) 


Early in the morning we decided to make Arcadia, in latitude 


fo] 
< 
oO 
tal 
fo} 
3 
oO 
iM 
c 
a 
oo 
5 
od 
[ory 
2 
o 
n 
Q 
lo} 
i=] 
ct, 
im 
io} 
is 
3 
io} 
o 
= 
io) 
ie] 
c. 
2 
oO 
mh 
° 
ay 
ch 
i-" 
) 
+ 
a 


ng 
mountain system, although the hills are only slightly over 200 
feet high, or perhaps less. 
fter we had crossed the eastern ridges, the country became 
slightly undulating, and as we proceeded southward it became 
45 


46 


e and more flat. Upon reaching Dade City we turned 
southward en route to Plant City. About miGwey tween 
these points we stopped long enough at the 

k 


p eek, Joshua Creek, Chilloocahatchee River, and 
Prairie Creek, and oe abun. as well as numerous un- 
mapped and unnamed streams 


At Bartow we sai ae aenaee basin of Pease River and 
followed it down as ue as . rcadia. In the upper part were vast 
truck f. to those of the St. John’s bottoms 
near Sanford. Often hundreds of acres, as far as 


Id 
see, were planted with a single kind of vegetable, particularly 
cabbage Ss ocks alon e 
tempting aides: places. Plants with white, yellow, and blue 
or purple were in abundance, although it was winter, 


ut the fo relight and following darkness soon put a stop to 
collecting. 

Darkness, moreover, came on before we were one third of the 

way down the river valley. We passed Fort Meade just after 


eg] 
° 
< 
= sf 
@ 
bots 
oO 
=} 
o 
~» 
+ 
ct, 
iam 
@ 
a 
oD 
7] 
mk 
o> 
© 
° 
=] 
a 
“< 
pe 
i] 
2 
ee 
= 
ot 
a 
=) 
foun 
iw 
=i 
5 
ot 


e 
States where a peculiar fern of tropical America, Dryopteris 


47 


panamensis. has been found. It was discovered there in 1881 
and has not been collected since. 
As the twilight passed, the drizzle of the day turned into a 
di 


heavy rain, which continued until we drove into ia 
While walking about the town that ning and ly the 
— ing we found the common cultivated bird-pepper 


mornin 
Capsicum frutescens) and an acanthus-relative (Strobilanthus 
sep , both naturalized about the vacant lots and on 


ae Arcadia as soon as we could get breakfast, we decided 
nt fro 


subsistence and devoting only short periods to collecting and 
photographing, we made schedule alm: mi 


Brains with s some cudpiceed along streams end ig low ae 
In 


was bloom- 
ing and often filled cs air witli the faganee of its pane of 
iossoms. 


Leavi ease River to the westward at Wauchula, we headed 


roug! woods wi ort: 
ludwigias, and bladderworts in abun lance. e pitc SS 
to) 


Wauchula and Zolfo Springs. proached the head- 
waters of Charlie Apopka Creek, which occupy a slough midway 
between Pease River and a chai lakes eastward, hammocks 


a r 
came one view aan we passed through ogee areas of hard- 
f wrecked hammocks. 
In nee the seelerone of bane of large live-oak trees stood 
and, instead of being surrounded 
with their eal associates of herbaceous and shrubby growth, 
had nothing but coarse weeds about them 


48 


Eastward of Charlie Apopka Creek, we again approached the 
lake region, meeting first a prairie-like condition of the “scrub.” 


winter flower gardens. These flowers held sway just as did the 
ferns at Inverness. The beria which we met with in the 
“scrub” west of eorge during the previous week, 
red his composite shrub, endemic in peninsular Florida, 
is said to be exceptionally handsome when in 
conspicuous all winter when in frui acc t 
n rous tufts of brown pappus persistent in the involucres 
Me b’’ prickly-pear was ther h rple fruit: 
ost conspicuous plant in bloom was a member of knot- 
weed family, Thysanella robusta. This s to be primarily a 
winter bl Individual plants form clumps mostly two to 
four feet in diam e ith numerous feathery plumes of 


myriads of white flowers 


dainty flower of the region was the re This mint- 


It is said usually 


18st Ul 1 q W1Y 9Yy) JO} paweu ‘zssanD wniuadspy SLIP “epr4o[y jo qed yey? 


wory UMOUy ey yt -20P quaurutosd aIOU ay ‘paysinZurystp aq Avur susay jo Spuly WUSIaYIp XIS SEO] TY 


“SUIa} YA Pp it pap: dy} YI UOed B JO apis JeNoIpuadiag “*gIGI ‘saquiadaq] ‘eproyy ‘ejoaulg IJwau 079013 UII} UT 


bee AIVIg NAGUVS) IVOINVLOG NYOR MAN SHI gO TwNAnof 


49 


relative grew with wand-like branches several feet tall, each 
soon on our way eastward. Outside of Sebring we 
“negotiated '’ some sand-hills with difficulty, but soon came into 


wood: 
understand the phenomenon until we had almost gotten out of 
the woods. The epee ilnsion was oe by teeing out on an 


prairie, ie there it was, flanked with pine woods and hammock 
slay all of 


rt 
Everglades an e echobee basin wi he Kissimmee 
pi 


We crosse rbuckle Creek, drove cad to the southeast 
and ran between Lake Istokpoga and the Kissimmee River. 
There the prairie became dotted with hammocks and cypress- 
heads of various siz 

Lake pata ae te Lake Okeechobee, has several feeders, 

his d 


P. 
among other deciduous and the live-oak copiously draped 
with Spanish-m were numerous and the southern- 
elder eee dntrmati) formed dense thickets. In t 


Otc course, only th 1 No less than five 
Lake Okeechobee ce ei eastern coastal region, 
anda inne canal cane to connect Lake Istokpoga with Lake Okeechobee is 
under constructio 


50 


stream itself were spatter-docks (Nymphaea), water-lilies 
(Ca, Es aise and maiden- cane (Panicum hemitomon 
We reached t i 


while those of the Kissimmee basin have maintained the names 
given them by the Indians. 

We crossed the Kissimmee River just above the site of Fort 
Bassinger. For several miles on the eastern side of the River 
t nm 


Onothohatchee or Taylor’s Creek about three miles from Lake 


en we had gone only a short distance from Bassinger the 
timer of our motor broke down, but the moonlight was so bright 


amp. more 
on the trail we sped along, going in all directions of aa compass 


51 


in order to dodge sloughs and ponds, but whichever way w: 
turned the trail always brought us back to the southeast. The 
of thi so 


during the Seminole Wars, and now circumstances brought the 
writer there at night. : 

Animal life was more conspicuous on the prairie at night than 
were plants. Various quadrupeds and numerous birds scattered 
as we approached them 

Not asign of civilization came to view until we saw the lights 


country we had traversed before. We did not stop at Okee- 
chobee City, but continued our journey and headed for Fort 
Pierce. 

We had looked forward to smooth riding from Okeechobee 
to Miami; but we were sorely disappointed and had it forcibly 


fo) 
midnight or in eighteen hours traveling time from Arcadia. 
iami was our objective, as already stated, and we decided to 
make it by six o’clock in the mornin 
he main question was how to keep awake on the Jast eae 
f the twenty-four hour drive. Mr. DeWinkeler agreed 
i uld kee; 


tunate that it broke down there, as we wanted several plants 
from the hammock. While the timer was being repaired, a secon 


52 


e by moonlight, the writer hunted the hammock for the 
ae plants, with the aid of the flash-light we had been saving 
for just such an occasion, and secured them without, ie 
picking up a rattle-snake or coralsnake. 

The plant particularly wanted was a little Peperomia referred 
xo) previous paper.? Es pecial interest in it had developed 
since the eens excursion, on account ens close relative fodnd 
in aioe caves nea: above 


he Pineola is th he Peperomia 

first found in the United States in eastern Florida in the earlier 
part o last century, and mentioned abov e wee 
before our discovery of it near the western coast, Charles T 
Simpson ohn Soar found it growi masse on shell 
ounds south of Dayt on the eastern coast. therwise, 


for a hundred years, it was known only from the shell mounds 
near the mouth of the Saint John’s River. It is endemic in 
Florida. 

The little plant from the hammock south of Fort Pierce turns 
out to be the same as the one we collected in Snake Hammock 
near Coot Bay back of Hiaminge: Cape Sable, in the spring of 


of the genus, instead of two species, or one representing each 
of two groups. 

We traveled on over the high sand-dunes in the vicinity of 
Hobe Sound and Jupiter, end shortly came into view ies West 
Palm Beach. There, the on 1 us to 


rea 
Miami shortly after sunrise safe and sound, bar. Goan 
confronted by a full day’s work on our specimens 


SOUTHERN EVERGLADE REGION 


The remaining day available for field work was devoted to 
es 2 midway between oe Palm Hammock and Cape 


19:77. 1918. 


53 


. This excursion was made seeatBie by the roadbed of the 
Ingram Highway, Miami to Cape Sable, and lateral canal 
en ae construction, We drove our car as far as the b 
al cf d, d one | the 
pa had eecaated a chaanel in the mote boat belonging to 
the dredge. We passed within sight of Hammer Key, wher 

A ee | I J +} ay - 1 J af 1 


t judgi ngteon our ial inati 
Their characteristic vegetation, however, is set to be studied. 
h ost striking growth on the low prairie several miles 


scattered on the anges cows so many gray specters with 
scraggy outstretched a: 
About ten miles See of Royal Palm Hammock the rock 
changes from the Miami odlite to the Lossmans River limestone. 
t 


latter. The conspicuous difference in the ha ° 

the L ans River limestone is the saw-cabba: Im (Paurotis 
Wrightit), raising its crowns above the other vegetati his 
palm was maturing its fruits about the i he 
numerous elongate spadices bearing myriads of berries were 
very conspicuous, kena the half ripe fruits which were 
bright red, so brilliant that the large plumes resemble tongu 


of flame above the pes hammock vegeta ion. Occasionally 
e, 


only a. but abundant. Two kinds grew there, represent- 
i i One (Vani 


mm 
abundance, and is leafless. Each of these orchids had been 


‘J lof the Ni ical di 7. I9tg. 


54 


found in Florida only once before, and en times in hammocks on 
the Lossmans River limestone. Another kind of vanilla (Vanilla 
i C 


al 
Florida not more than ten miles from the locality where we found 
the two species mentioned abov 


Aside from the excursion to Pensacola, more than twelve 
d miles in the peninsula were covered both for making 


graphs of the fern-grottoes and caves, and of other localities 
that in the near future will be much ner or destroyed 
joun K. 


SATURDAY AND SUNDAY SPRING LECTURES, 1920 


Free public lectures will be delivered in the lecture hall of the 


will be simple and popular, so that the average high-schoo! pupil 
should readily Meee them 
The Sunday lectures are peng inaugurated this spring, with 


in May and June will be open both on Saturday a Sunday, 
as heretofore. 

A number of very interesting subjects will be presented in 
these courses; and many of the lecturers, who are prominent 


55 


and busy men, have inconvenienced themselves considerably to 
Mr. Jo. 


A 
covered by oS ditnguished surgeon: Dr. Robe t T. Morris, 
4 ; ; 


nut trees. Professor Massey, of Cornell University, is an expert 
on rose diseases; Mr. Wister is President. of the new American 
Iris Society ;—the other lecturers are well i own to our members. 
Bannwart, of Newark, New Jersey, will close the spring 
course on May 30 with a lecture appropriate to Decoration Day. 
SATURDAY LECTURES 

April 17. eave Gardening,” Mr. J. G. Cur 

April 24. ‘With John Burroughs at cee Dr. G.G., 


May 1. ‘Flowers for the Home Garden,” Mr. G. V. Nas. 
8. “Plant Motives in Primitive and Egyptian poe: 
Murrill. 


tive A r. 
(Exhibition of Flowers, May 8 and 9.) 
May 15. ‘‘Floral and Scenic oe of Chile,” Mr. G. T. 


S. 
May 22. “The Dependence of Animals on Plants,” Prof. W. 
May 29. “Growing and Grafting Nut Trees,” Dr. R. T. 


S. 
June 5. ‘‘The Diseases of Roses,” Prof. L. M. Mas 
June 12. ‘The History and Development of the ne” Mr. 


J.C. Wister 
(Exhibition of Roses, Peonies, and Irises, June 12 and 13.) 
une I “New York as a Center for the Amateur Eee 


Herrington. 


56 


SUNDAY LECTURES 
Hae 18. ‘‘The Big Trees of neuriaaee Dr. H. A. Gleason. 
Ap Bee 


May 2. ‘Vegetables for the Home Garden,” Mr. H. Findlay. 
ay “The ae of Plants as Compared with 
mals, . W. Oliv 

(aon o Flowers, ae 

16. “Late Spring eee Dr. N. L. Bri 
Ma . 2 “Plant Motives in Greek and la Cheon 

Decorative Art,” Dr. W. A. Murrill. 

30. ‘Historic and Memorial Trees,” Mr. Carl Bann- 
wart 
W. A. MuRRILL 


HARDY WOODY PLANTS IN THE NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL GARDEN 
(Continued) 
LEACEAE. Olive Family 
Forestiera Anas PRIVET FORESTIERA. 
ocation: Fruticetu 
Natural cn Souttieastetn United States. 
’ Chionanthus. Frincz TREE 
Chionanthus vir; om FRINGE TREE. 
Location: icetu 
Natural pens Southeaucig United States. 
Ligustrum. PRrivET 
Ligustrum acuminatum. SHARP-POINTED PRIVET. 
Location: i 


pan. 
Ligustrum acuminatum var. macrocarpum. LARGE-FRUITED 
SH. T 


Natural disteibutiens Aiate region, China, and Japan. 


57 


Ligustrum Thota. TBota PRIVET. 
ocation: 
Natural reece esa and China. 
wees Ibota var. Regelianum. REGEL’s PRIvET. 
ation: Fruticetum. Lake Bridge 
tec ovali Sin. CALIFORNIA Priver. 


Location: Fruti 
Natural distribution: Ja 
Ligusti ovalifol: 


Ligue ovali telae var. elegantissimum. ELEGANT CALI- 
A PRI 


pie etum. 
Ligustrum Quihoui. QuiHov’s PRIVET. 


Ligustrum sinense v: onan STAUNTON’S CHINESE PRIVET. 
cation: Fruticetum. 

Natural distribution: China and Corea. 

acid vulgare. Coxmon PRIVET 
Locatio 


etum. 
Natural ee nee Europe, northern Africa, and western 


Gea vulgare var. buxifolium. Box-LEAVED ComMMON 
P 


urope. 
Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens. EVERGREEN CoMMON 
Location: Fruticetum. 


LOGANIACEAE. Logania Family 
Buddleia. SumMMER Litac 
Buddleia Davidi. SumMMER LILAc. 
Locatio ice 
Natural epi Chinas 


58 


Buddleia Davidi var. magnifica. Crepz SuMMER LILAC. 
ones Fruticetum. 

Buddleia Davidi var. superba. BriGHT-EYED SUMMER LILAC. 
Location: eae tum. 

Dorrit Davidi var. Veitchiana. VEITCH’s SUMMER LILAC. 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Buddleia nivea var. eae YUNNAN SUMMER LILAC. 
Location: Fru 
Natural pte aie Southesa China. 

ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family 
Marsdenia. MARSDENIA 
Marsdenia erecta. Harpy MARSDENIA. 


Location: eee 
atural d Europe and Syria. 


VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family 
allicarpa. CALLICARPA 
Callicarpa japonica. JAPANESE CALLICARPA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural distribution: Jap 
Callicarpa purpurea. cae CALLICARPA. 
Location: Fruticetum 
Natural distribution: Tapan and China. 
Vitex. CHASTE-TREE 
Vitex apiece CHASTE-TREE. 


Locatio: um. 
et Hae ion: — Europe and western Asia. 
Vitex Negundo var. incisa. CuT-LEAVED CHINESE CHASTE- 
TREE. 


Location: Frutic 
Natural Gee Nowhet China and Mongolia. 
Clerodendron. CLERODENDRON 
hai cee ig KusaGi 
Locatio: cetum. 
Ver tes Japan. 


59 


SOLANACEAE. Potato Family 
Lycium. Matrimony VINE 
Lycium chinense. CHINESE MatRIMONY VINE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 


China. 
Lycium halimifolium. Matrimony VINE. 
i ticetum. 
Natural ee China to southeastern Europe. 


sien ne Figwort Family 
mon. BEARD-TONGUE 
Penstemon Sense ame S BEARD-TONGUE. 
Location: Fru um. 
Natural ae Northwestern North America. 


Paulownia. PAULOWNIA 
Paulownia tomentosa. PauLownia. 
Location: Arboretum. Mansion. Drinking fountain south- 


east 0 useum. 
Natural distribution: Central China. 
BIGNONIACEAE, Trumpet-creeper Family 
Bignonia. TRUMPET-CREEPER 
Bignonia radicans. —TRUMPET-CREEPER. 


Location 
Natural nee Eastern North America. 


Catalpa. CATALPA 
sees meg 4 (Catalpa Baer INDIAN BEAN. 
Loc: : Arboretum. Harlem Depot plaza. Along road 
S mt Mu useum to Elevated Approach. 
Natural distribution: Southeastern United States. 
Cataipa Catalpa var. nana. Dwarr INpian Bean. 
mM 


Catalpa hybrida. tiv: BRID INDIAN BEA 
cation: Arboretum. Harlem eae plaza. 
Horticultural origin. 


60 


Catalpa ovata (Catalpa Kaempferi). KArMPFER’S CATALPA. 
Location: Arboretum. Herbaceous Grounds. 
Natural distribution: Chi 
RUBIACEAE. Mapper Family 
ephalanthus. BuTTon-BUSH 
Cephalanthus occidentalis. BuTToN-BUSH. 
Location: East end of Boulder Bridge. Wild, in wet places. 


Natural distribution: Eastern North America. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family 


Sambucus canadensis. SwEET ELDE 
Location: Fruticetum. eee Crsatde Aquatic Gar- 
en, common in wet pla 
Natural pene Eastern Re Anes 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR FEBRUARY 


ofessor W. A. Setchell of the Department of Botany of the 
University of California addressed the Conference of the Sci 
entifi a 


ntific 5 and Registered Students of nin Febru 

on the subject ‘‘The Geographical Distribution of the Marine 

Spermat tes."". He reported that there are 34 or 35 well- 

recognized species of seed plants that live in the waters of the 

ocean ese belong in eight genera as follow ae 
nalus Thala ssta of the fa _ aritaceae 


pagan of the Po io dapctenace 


All species of these two families are eaquate Of the 35 species 


A summary was given ‘of the various investigations eee 
of the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of these plan 

erature requirements a 
the various species as revealed by their geographical atte 


61 


This together with the data regarding these species and especially 
hos Hi 


e ne: 
future. A summary of the principal points of general interest 
ai : ie presented by Prolesor Setchell is as follows: 
largely made up of ree 
surrounded ee a medium whioee fig ane at any given t 
fthe plant. The species of Phyllospadix 
alone present to a ecrtain extent, at least, the temperature con- 
ditions of terrestrial spermatophytes in that, at periods of low 
they h i 


water, t oots in soil (or san f one temperature 
and their leaves in air of another. The majority of the marine 
spermatophytes live under a + uniformity of temperature 
conditions than do the terrestrial eee phytes. 

2 ine sperma s live under conditions very 
similar to those experienced algae ai 


of view and may be supposed to eta the normal type in 
pee arco 
. e are certain species which extend over two zones of 
em: ible 


temperati It s possible in these cases, a: has also 
seemed possible in the cases of certain marine algae, to regard 
these marine spermat tes as norma! to zone whenc 
they invade the other because they find in certain localities of 
the invaded zone their er t erature ions of 
he marine spermatophytes, also like those of the marine algae, 
proceed i directi in the cases of the two-zoned species, 
viz. warmer into a colder zone because of the existence 


from a colder into a warmer zone because of a seasonal lowering 
of the temperature of the warmer zone or portions of it. 

‘5. There are a few species which are credited to more than 

d such are also found among the marine 


62 


algae. It may be that these species being normal to one temper- 
n 


b on 
direction from the normal zone, as in the case of Halophila ovalis, 
0 


be the case a ostera mart: 

“6. Finally attention may be call the difficulties attendi 

e study of the Seles of a species caused by the incom- 
pleteness of our knowledge of its homogeneity or the lack of it, 
its persistence th ju or more seasons, its dependence up 
pore reprod or its ability to persist through vegetative 
multiplication, its sea: of flowering, fruiting, etc., 1 fferent 
portions of its ran any difference in habi in different 


such species before we may feel certain that we are in an 
siti 
very extensive distribution 
A. B. Srovut, 
Secretary of the Conference. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Professor W. C. Coker, of the University of North Carolina, 
spent the latter part of March at the Garden consulting the 
mycological herbarium and the library. 


Professor H. S. Jackson, of Lafayette, Indiana, spent several 


the rusts for North American Flora 
Dr. Alfred Rehder, of the Arnold Arboretum, visited the 
Garden on March 16 for the study of various woody plan 


63 


Mr. C. H. Bissell of Southington, Conn., was a recent visitor. 


Mead Wilcox, for some years Professor of Botany in 


in its study of the island’s flora 
Professor Jacques Hadamard, Collége de ae hat 
mathematician and botanist, e 
ae 
t and is expecting to make botanical Siesions 
in the Gulf ae the West Indies and Panama. 


W. A. Murrill lectured in Chicago on ‘Edible ae Poison- 
ous peter before the Convention of the W 


2, and 
evening of March 23 _ 
An exceptionally good collection of fungi, consisting mainly of 
ane s lypores, accompanied by complete field notes, has 
e Mr. W 


n to the Garden from Toledo, Ohio, by 
Ce 


A large series of ferns and flowering plants from Mexico and 
ntral America recently received from the National Museum is 
being installed and incorporated in the Garden Herbarium. 


Two valuable collections of plants from the little known Big 


° by press Sem 
Indians. This is the bet ilgten of its kind brought together. 


64 


. H. M. Denslow, a member of the Torrey. Botanical Club 
and our most experienced local student of orchids, has com- 


each species the states from which we have representatives. 


The attendance at the Greenhouse lectures at Range 2 was 

cellent in spite of the unusually severe weather ae 

Ilustratin g the lectures with living plants stimulated much 
erest many questions were asked. 


The first class in advanced biology in the Evander a 
ac School visited the Garden on March 12 to s ad the s 

ens of fungi in the Museum. Mr. George T. Hastings was in 
chee of the class and Dr. Seaver and Dr. ret gave brief 

Iks. 


The making of new concrete benches for the Propagating 
House is nearly completed. These are long-needed improve- 
ments. Also a new tank i is under construction. 


Meteorology for January.—The total precipitation for the 
month was 2.593 inches of which 0.725 i nches (7+ inches snow 
h 


35° on the 21st and 53° on the 27th. The minimum tempera- 
tures were a on the 5th, 10° on the 6th, 5” on the 16th and 
4° on the 


Meteorology ie February.—The total precipitation at the New : 
ork Botanical Garden for the month was 4.17 inches including 
he 


and on the 22d, and 44° on the 24th. The minimum tempera- 
tures were — 4° on the rst, a on the oth, 8° on the 16th, 13° on 
the 17th and 6° on the 2 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
Fritz Achelis, 

Edward D. Adam: 

Charles B. Aisaed 


Vincent Astor, ecl er, 

John W. Auchincloss, Bernhard ree 
eorge F. Baker, Henry R. Ho: 

Stephen Baker, Archer M. ence 

Edmund L, Baylies, Adrian Iselin, 


Dr. Walter B. James, 
Walter B. Jennings, 
illings, Otto H. n, 


George Blumenthal, Prof. James F, Kemp, 

George S. Brewster, Darwin P. Kingsley, 

Prof. N. L. Britton, Edw. ; 

Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. R. Ledoux, 

Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
H. Carpenter, Adolph Lewisohn, 


David Lydig, 
Kenneth K, Mackenzie, 


Hon. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, 

C. A. Coffin, dgar L. Marston, 
Samuel P. C . J. Matheson, 
Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. Maxwell, 


3 
fy 
ro) 
B 
= 


Ogden Mills, 

James B. Ford, n. Ogden L. Mills, 
ry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, 
Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Norton, 
urry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott, 

J. Horace Harding, Prof. H fi 


5 ty F. Osbo: 
J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. ees Pack, 


Members of the Women’s Aux 


Mrs, George A. aaa Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Robert B. M 


Miss Blab Ain, 
Mrs, N, L. B 


Mire: Charles MacVeagh, 
rs. V. Everit Macy, 
enry Marquand, 
nh George W. Perking 


Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


George W. Perkins, 
Henry Phipps, 

F. R. Pierson, 

James R. Pitcher, 
Ira A. Place, 

Hon. Anning S. Prall, 


Prof. at H. Rusb; 


Valentine P. ia aan 
James Spe’ 

Francis L. Teicha 
Frederick ie 
ce Stur ve 8. 


B.B. Tha 


Charles G. Sues. 
Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, 


Eat 1 Winthrop 
iliary 


Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Miss Harriette Rogers, 
rs. Jame! 


in Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, 


Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. 


Sturgis, 


Mrs. F. F. Thompsos. 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, money a on 
Free to all membe: 


of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. INot grate in ex- 
nge s volumes 


| Mycol 
incite foe is; containing technical articles and n Jae notes of general 
interest, and an index to current American mjologal iteratare $4.00 a year; 
single Fn not for he (Not offered in exchange.] Now s twelfth volume. 
Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored om shone y 
a pe: description Se flowe ering p WO 1 
Subscription price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in eae ; Nae 


mas) 
» 
oe) 
Bo 
=] 


Bulletin of Gis New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- 
i i out in Garde 


North nm Flora. pang ag of the wild p! of North America, 
inc ae poranot the West Indie: sn Central ede Aas i be 
completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. a h volume to consist of four or more 
parts. Saale price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of pile parts 

e sold 2.00 e ] 


Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, es part 3, 1015. Typ eae—Poace eae (pars). 
pel 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodianeas-aallia 


Vol. 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 


Rosaceae. 


Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 
ol. 3 ceae. 
Vol. 32, part 1, 1918. ames pars). 
Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, TO1Si jee 3, 7016 US eeamee age 
Memoirs of the New York B f the Garden, 
$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchan, 


Mac ‘i 

Vol. III. Studies of brags Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New 
York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii +138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. 

ol. IV. Effects of fe Rays of Ragium = leapt by Charles Stuart Gager. 
viii + 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 p! 

Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New Yor Rid ‘Contribution to Plant Geography 
by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 pp., with 9 a eS. 

‘ol. VI. Papers verre at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many text 
figures. 1916. 

Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members of the staff, bu reprinted from journals 
other ee the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 p bie In the ninth 

volum 


NEW YORE pilates GARDEN 
ronx Park, New York City 


‘ 
‘ 
4 


a | Vol. XX! 


April, 1920 No, 244 


JOURNAL 
OF E] 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 


Pa 
Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York Botanical Gar- 
den duri 


Goto THCIA ELV Cy C) metpeven ties. Weer tari irs) ic fleet et 10 Uribe 
MAUENPanlOWNiA: TICOR silky sec 8/8 Ho) arte a wel Scbdeteee sh w ea 72 
Hardy Woody Plants in The New York Botanical Garden... ........ 14 
PPRLONGH NNTONY inetd velba leon ay ke Me dca, Mie Tata diet tua ee wow 78 
Notes, News and Comment... -- + 2-0 ett te es 79 
HA NTOTIMNN AA a EL Sie Sy Giawlh orp (a a ar aiMare Ge ell acasnihe Sela eblalier (e's 80 


PuBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Ar 41 Norru Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa. 


Tur New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS 1920 


Presipent—W,. GILMAN penta 
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 
Vicz-PRESIDENTS EDW Hes S 
TreEasuRER—JOHN L, MERRILL i 
AssisTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE . 
Sgcretary—N. L. BRITTON : 


“< is 
Bea 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 


Term expires January, 1921 ‘ 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. ve FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires ee 
PAUL D. Wiel ORGE W. PERKINS 
MURRY GUGGEN HEIM FRANCIS S LYNDE STETSON 
ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY 
Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. pz FOREST i P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K, STURGIS 
2, EX-OFFICIO msg tana 
Tue Mayor or THE City or New York 
HON. JOHN F. HY LAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF, FREDERIC S, LEE . 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS c 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAR 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, ee Chief eee opment, emer 


R. FRED J. SEAVER, Cu rator (Flowerless sien | 4 
aes S. WILLIAMS, Administrative ag ‘ant t 
WILSON, Associate Cur 
DR. MS ANCIS W. PENNELL, pets pon 
GEORGE V. Ae Head Gardener and seas ae Plottion 
DR. OUT, Director of the 
DR. Youn’ ee BARNHART, "Biblographer 
SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian 
R, H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Pa: 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil "Plante 
DR. WI 7 emis 


ARTHUR J. CORBETT, pases i of Buildings bs Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI April, 1920 No. 244 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF. SCHOLARS AND 
OF THE NEW YORK ae 
ARDEN DURING THE YEAR 19 


Andrews, A. L. A. Hesselbo—The Bryophyta of Iceland. 
Bivolisist 22:4. 20F 1919. [Review 
Bryological notes—V. Scapania ee from Norway. 
Torreya 19: 49-51. 14 My 1919. 
Mosses of Madagascar. Bryologist 22: 27, 27. 15 
Jl 1919. ieee 5 
Not 


n North American Sphagnum—VIII. Bryolo- 
gist 22: ere Issue for S 191 
art, - H. Brackenridge and his book on ferns. Jour. 
Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 117-124. Issue for Je 1919. 


— fictitious botanists. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 
ees Issue for S 191 

port of the Bibiographer (for 1918). Bull. N. Y. 
Loe 10: 43, 44. 12 
a. E. P. The ferns and eee plants ie Nantucket— 
XX. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 423-440. 8 D1 
Boynton, K. R. Sedum spectabile. Addisonia 4: 3. pl. 122. 


Eupatorium coelestinum. Addisonia 4: 39, 40. 30 


919. 
Arctotis grandis. Addisonia 4: 45, 46. pl. 143. 30 
S 1919. 
Centaurea montana. Addisonia 4: 57. pl. 149. 30S 
1919. 
65 


66 


Lilium Henryi. Addisonia 4: 65, 66. pl. 153. 31 D 


Poinsettia heterophylla, Addisonia 4: 77, 78. pl. 159- 


31 D toig. 
Britton, E. G. West Indian mosses in Florida. Bryologist 
22:2. 20 : 191 
Ss ly pt “A revision of the North American species 
by pes Coker. Bryologist 22: 3,4. 20 F 1919. [Re- 
view.] 
—— Annual reports—Sullivant Moss Society—1918. Re- 
port of the President. oe 22:5-7. 20F 1919 
Plants in ornament. Bull. Met. Mus. Art 14: 51, 52. 
1919. [Illust.] 
The Swiss League for the aa of Nature. Tor- 
reya Ig: IOI~-102. 9 Je 19 [Review]. 
The re- distovers ay “Fissidens Donnellit Aust. Jour. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 138-142. pl. 233. Issue for J! 1919. 
Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses (for 1918). 
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 55, 56. 12 My 1919 
Britton, N. L. Dr. Henry Allan oe appointed First Assis- 
tant. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: oO. sue for F ae 
large tulip tree struck . eae Jour. N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. 20: 160. Issue for Au 1919. 
Addisonia: its progress and nag Jour. N. Y. 
1 


Bot. Gard. 20: 181, 182. Issue for 

The ce survey of Poe Rico and the Virgin 
Islands. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 220-221. Issue for 
N 1919. 
Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the 


: . 10: . M 19. 
Britton, N. L., & Rose, J. N. The Cactaceae. Descriptions 


’ 
and illustrations of plants of the Cactus family, i-vii + 
1-23 r I-3o1. Washington. eis. 
Gleason, H. A. The competition in decorative design. Jour. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 124-126. sue for Je 191 


; 20: 919. 
omplimentary dinner to Dr. Britton. Jour. N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. 20: 126,127. Issue for Je 1919. 


67 


— eae is ecology? Torreya 19: 89-91. 9 Jl 1919. 

SS ‘onomic Sa in Vernonia and related genera. 
Bull. Torey Club 46: 235-252. 31 Jl 1919. 

s dahurica in Michigan. Torreya 19: 141, 142. 


Notes of the introduced flora of the eh lake 
region. Mich. Acad. Sci. Ann. Rep. 20: 153. 22 N 
trac 


[Abstract]. 
Scirpus validus for oe procambium. Mich. 
Acad. Sci. Ann. Rep. 20: 153. 191g. [Abstract. 


€p. 20: 15, 
Variability in Rowersunber in Vernonia missurica 
Raf. Amer. Nat. 53: 526-534. 19 

Harlow, S. H. Reson of the ie ior 1918). Bull. N.Y. 
Bot. Gard. 1 ee I yi 

Hollick, A. Report of the neues Curator of the a 
of fossil ere ae 1918). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 54, 5 
12 My Ig19. 

Howe, M. A. On some fossil and recent Lithothamnieae of the 
Panama Canal Zone. Smithsonian Inst. Nat. Mus. Bull 
103: I-13. I-1I. 19 F 1919 

Da hlia: as and their culture. Jour. Hort. Soc. New 

York 11: 285-311. pl. a5 +f. 5 F 1919. eine ited in 

ane and modified form in Gardeners’ Chronicle of Amer- 

ica 23: nae 154. My 1919. 

tiary calcareous algae from the islands of St. 
ctcnnee. ntigua, and Anguilla. as oe 
of Washington Publ. 291: 11-1 1. 1-6. Or 

Mackenzie, K. K. Hapalenun Sean Rina 4: 
23, us 132. 30 Je 1919 

Murr: . A. Insects aeaceng ae trees. Jour. N. Y. 
ae ae 20:5,6. Issue for Ja 19 

George Francis Atkinson. ee II: 95, 96. 


19. 
pat and children. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 
61-63. Issue for Mr 1919. 

The Naturalist in a boarding school. 1-276. pl. 2. 
New York. 21 Ap 1919. 


68 


The exhibit of ae forms used in design. Jour. 

N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 75-86. pl. 230, 231. Issue for Ap 1919. 
Natural History of Stainton, Virginia. 1-216. pl. 4 

New York. 9 M 
Til * 


ee. 


g X. Mycologia 11: loI-103. 

pl. 6. 7 Je 1919;—XX XI. oe 11: 289-292. pl. 13. 
15 D 1919. 

— Bahama fungi. Mycologia II: 222, 223. 30 Au I9I9. 

Fungi from Ecuador. Mycologia 11: 222, 223. 30 Au 


A new species of Lentinus from Minnesota. Mycologia 
I1: 223,224. 30 Au 1919. 

—— Queer a growths. Mycologia 11: 225, 226. 
fir. 30Autr 

Some cewited species of Poria. Mycologia 11: 

231 Ree 18 919. 

Cleese fungi in Virginia. Mycologia 11: 277-279. 

18 O IgIg. 


—__— AA field meeting of pathologists. Mycologia 11: 308- 
312. pl. 15. 15 D 1919. 
Dr. William Gilson Farlow. Mycologia 11: 318. 


15 D 1919. 

A a oe on twigs of Asimina. Mycologia, 

1I:319. If O1 

An orange- einer puffball. Mycologia 11: 319, 320. 

15 D 1919. 

A meeting of pane on Long Island. My- 
cologia II: 320, 32I. I5 

——. Boleti from ee. Mycologia 11: 321, 322. 
15 D 1919. 

Report of the Assistant Director (for 1918). Bull. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 23-30. 12 My tg1g. 

Nash, G. V. Hardy woody plants in the New York Botanical 
Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 315-318; 20: 11-14, 
ee 67-70, 87-90, 107-I1I, 128-132, 144-148, 164-167, 


eee succulenta. Addisonia 4: 5, 6. pl, 123. 
31 Mr gig. 


69 


Celastrus articulatus. Addisonia 4: 9, I0. pl. 125. 
31 Mr 1919. 

—— Forsythia Fortunei. Addisonia 4: 17, 18. pl. 129. 
31 Mr 1919. 

—— Malus Halliana. Addisonia 4:27. pl. 134. an 1919, 

——— Crataegus macrosperma. Addisonia 4: 35. 138. 
30 Je 1919 

Odie arboreum. Addisonia 4: 37, 38. pl. 139. 
9% 


The Digger Lae in the Botanical oe Jour. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 127, 128. Issue for Je 19 
— Paphopeddan Rothschildianum. aie 4: 41, 
42. pl. 147. 305 1919. 
Hamamelis virginiana. Addisonia 4: 43, 44. pl. 142. 


30S I91 


Lae spathulata. Addisonia 4: 47. pl. 144. 305 
1gt9. 


Orontium aquaticum., Addisonia 4: 51, 52. pl. 146. 

30 S IgI9. 
—— Viburnum Lantana. Addisonia 4: 55, 56. pl. 148. 
30 S 1919. 
— Bryophyllum crenatum. Addisonia 4: 65. pl. 152. 
31 


1919. 
of Calpodendron. Addisonia 4: 67, 68. pl. 154. 
31 Dig 


Blan multiflora. Addisonia 4: 69, 70. pl. 155. 
31 D1 


Buibopisan grandiflorum. .Addisonia 4: 71, 72. 
pl. 156. 31 D 1919 
—- Euonymus on Addisonia 4: 75. pl. 158. 31 D 


Report of the Head rend (for 1918). Bull. N. Y¥. 
Bot. Gard. 10: 30-35. 12 My 

Pennell, F. W. Corrections es names of Soe plants. 
Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 319. Issue for D 19 

Concerning duplicate types. ag Ig: 13, 14. 

919. 


70 


Some remarks upon Limosella. Torreya 19: 30-32. 
F 1919 


Bysenhari, N. A. 134-40. 25 Ap 1919. 
Not pans of - pi hae United oe 
Bull. Tome an 46: 183-187. 23 My, 1919. 
‘enstemon cobensus: Addisonia 4: 31, 32. pl. 136. 
30 Je 19 
——— ee eee of the local flora—1. Torreya 19: 
1o7-119. 7 Au r919;—II. Torreya Be 43 152. 7S 1919; 
III. Torreya 19: 161-171. 28 O 1 —IV. Torreya 19: 
205-216. 18 D1 


1919. 
Penstemon hirsutus. Addisonia 4: 49, 50. pl. 145. 30S 
IgI9. 


Alonsoa meridionalis. Addisonia 4: 59, 60. pl. 150. 
30S 1919 

A brief conspectus of the species of Kneifia, with the 
characterization Ae a new allied genus. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 
363° - 17 
gelia shai. Addisonia 4: 73, 74. pl. 157. 


31 D 191 . 
Penstemon tenuiflorus. Addisonia 4: 79, 80. pl. 160. 
1 O 1919. 
Rusby, H. H. Some blueberries of ae tae N. H. Jour. 
Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 211-216. ue for N 1 


The New York Botanical Cae. The Pe eaters 
Era 38: 197-200. Au1gig. [lllust.] 

Report of the Honorary Curator of the oe 
Seren (for 1918).. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 51-54. 


Brats 2 a (Rosales) Fabaceae. Psoraleae. N. A. FI. 


25 Ap 1919. 
A new genus of plants a between Pefalos- 
temon ante Parosela. Jour. N. Y. . Gard. 64-66. 


I919 

hytogeographical notes on the Rocky Mountain 
ee Bull. Torrey Club 46: 295-327. 27S 19 

—— y to the ne Mountain Flora 1-305. New an 


191g. 


71 


Seaver, F. J. a of the truffle industry in America. 
Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 307-309. pl. 223. Issue cee 1918. 
The bagworm or i eee eed Jour Y. Bot. 
- Gard. 20: 135-138. pl. 232. Issue for J] 1919. 
mall, J. K. Ferns of Royal Palm Hammock. i-vii + 1-39. 
. oN 


Narrative of a cruise to oe Okeechobee. Am. Mus. 
Jour. pe a 700. Ja I9I9 
oe pears of Florida. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
20: 21-39. pl. 224-226. Issue for F 1919. 
ane ee Addisonia 4: 21, 22. pl. r3r. 
30 Je a 


iotropium polyphyll Addisonia 4:25, 26. pl. 133. 


30 Je 1g 


Hetrpiom Leavenworthii. Addisonia 4: 29, 30. 
pl. 135. 30 Je 1919. 
ee corallicola. Addisonia 4: 33, 34. pl. 137. 
30 Je 1919. 
Coastwise dunes and lagoons. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
20: 191-207. pl. 236-238. Issue for O 1919. 
Leucothoe Catesbaei. Addisonia 4: 61, 62. pl. 191. 
31 D 1919. 
Report of the es Saal ged of ae eee and Her- 
barium. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 35-. 2 My 1919 
Southwick, E. B. Alpine and ve Sa on We ee Bot. 
Gard. 20: 2-5. Issue for Ja 1919. 
Stout, A.B. Notes on an experiment with potash. Jour. N. Y. 


Bot. Gard. 19 Issue for D 191 
Conference notes for November (1918). Jou. 
Bot. Gard. 19 -321. Issue for Dec. 1918;—for December 


20: 103-107. Issue for My 1919;—for April 20: 142, 143 


9. 
d variation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 5: 130-134. 


f. 18. 


Pp 1919. 
Intersexes in eae lanceolata. Bot. Gaz. 68: 109- 
133. pl. 12, 13. 15 Au 1919. 


72 


Tulip Droppers. Jour. Int. Gard. Club 3: 463-472. 
pl. S 1919. 
——— Report of the Director of a Laboratories (for 1918). 
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 45-47. 12 My 1919. 
Williams, R.S. Notes on some western Lichens. Bull. Torrey 
lub 46: 21-25. 20 Ja 1919. 
Eyl MS } b, 


Bryologist 22:1. 20F 191g. 

(Iilust.] 

Archidium Cubense. ee 22:2. 20 F 1919. 
he genus Desmato in North America. Bull. 

Torrey Club 46: 207-220. pl. rr. 8 Jl 1919 


ABOUT PAULOWNIA TREES 


For several years past an increasing number of young Paulow- 
nia trees have been observed within the New York Botanical 


dred, and pods are produced very abundantly. The seeds are 
small and thin, readily transported to considerable distances on 
the 
Thee seeing Paulownias grow very rapidly during their 
t few years. The tree standing near the drinking fountain 


8 
growth of a tree sources sears old Deife thus aie three ft 
and probabl 


at present; its trunk circumference in November 1919 at four 


73 


feet above the ground, is forty and one-half inches, its diameter 
therefore not quite thirtéen inches, and it has thus increased in 


its life. an immense Paneunie praia aust south a ane 


m. ler 


was s constructed i in 1 1856, according to Mr. A H. Wallace, the 


mason who, is a frequent 
visitor. Assuming that ths tree wi se out in 1850, it is about 
seventy years old; its height is score sixty feet and its 
trunk diameter is four feet one i ter years it has 


decrepitude, severe pruning of large dead branches having been 
n ahr _ltam ye that this giant incividua is larger than 
the tree o: il apan, inasmuch 
SPaoleecoe “Miyabe told us during a recent visit that he had no 

fo 


rees of two and three years old bean enormous round leaves, 


ily, near! fe) 
woody vines, to which the Catalpas belong, the last having large 
leaves similar to those of Paulownia—a relationship ih ago 
suggested by the famous Swiss botanist, A. P. Bode Can 
Was ky ue 


74 


HARDY WOODY PLANTS IN THE NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL GARDEN 


(Continued) 
Viburnum. VIBURNUM 


Viburnum acerifoltium. Dockma 


KIE. 
Location: Fruticetum. Trian ae east of Museum. Her- 
b i n 


MANCHURIAN VIBURNUM. 


cation: Fru 
Naturals a Nevtiets China and Manchuria. 
Viburnum Carlesii. FRAGRANT VIBURNUM. 


Location: Fruticetu 
Natural eka Aeuheen North America. 
Viburnum dentatum ‘OOD. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural eaiagie Eastern North America. 
Viburnum dila’ . THUNBERG’S VIBURNUM. 
Location: oe etum 
Natural sea China and eas 
Viburnum erosu Ero URN 
Location: cetu 
Natural oo ap 
Viburnum hupehense. ae VIBURNUM. 
ocation: Fruticetum. 
Natural distribution: Central China. 
Viburnum Lantana. WAYFARING TREE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural distribution: Europe ee western Asia. 
Viburnum Len ea NANNY-BER. 


Location: Fruticetum 
Natural Ge Fasten cal pened 


ild, sc 


1 
wt 


Viburnum Seis oi LARGE-CLUSTERED VIBURNUM. 
Location: 
Natural er oie Chi 
Viburnum nudum. LarGEeR See ROD. 
et 


United States. 
EUROPEAN CRANBERRY-TREE 
Location: Fruticetum. 
atural distribution: Europe, northern Africa, and northern 
Asia 


Vivurauni Opulus var. nanum, Dwarr CRANBERRY-BUSH. 


LA AW 
Location: ae Herbaceous Grounds. Wild, com- 


eae distribution: Eastern United Sta 
Viburnum pubescens. Downy-LEAVED ee WOOD. 
Location: icetum. 
Natural aban Ease United States. 
Sou’ 


Viburnum UTHERN Biack Haw. 

spends "Frutietum. 

Natural d I United States. 
Viburnum Sargentii. CHINESE CRANBERRY-TREE. 

Location: ticetum 

Natural distibution: Noe thern China and Japan. 
Viburnum Sieboldi. SreBoLp’s VIBURNUM. 

ocation: Fruticetum. East end of Long Bridge. 


Natural eae Jap 

Viburnum tomentosum. ee OOLLY VIBURNUM. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural distribution: China and Japan. 


76 


Viburnum tomentosum var. plenum. JAPANESE SNOWBALL. 
Location: 


Location: Prati tu 

Natural di 
Viburnum v. 

Locati 


United States 
osum var. Canb y's ARROW: 


yi. CaN ‘WOOD. 
etum. Triangle east at Boulder Bids: 
Nerina distabution: Delaware to Pennsylvania. 


Symphoricarpos. SyMPHORICARPOS 
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus. SmooTH SNOWBERRY. 
Location: ticetum. West of Museum. 
Natural distribution: Northern Nor n erica. 
Symphori s al ar. laevigatus variegatus. VARIEGATED 
SMOOTH cerned ia 
cation: Fruticetum 
Horticultural origin. 
Symphoricarpos occidentalis. WoLFBERRY. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural distribution: Western North Am 
Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos (papier ies vulgaris). 
CORAL-BERRY. 
Location: etum. West of Museum. 
Natural distribution a United States 
keene a phoricarpos var. gareeauids VARIEGATED 
Cora: 
ation: 


tk 
Horticultural origin. 


Abelia. 
ra. GARDEN ABELIA 
Location: Fruticetum. nee bed 9. 
Hybrid. 


ABELIA 
Abelia grandiflo: 


77 


Lonicera. HoNEYSUCKLE 
a Alberti. ALBERT’s HONEYSUCKLE. 
ion: Fruticetum 


est 

Lonicera alpigena. Mounrain Te odes 

Location: Fruticetum. 

Natural a eniniics and southern Europe. 
Lonicera bella. ZaBEL’s HONEYSUCKLE. 

Location: ect 

Hybrid. 
Lonicera bella var. albida. ZABEL’s WHITE HONEYSUCKLE. 

ocation: Fruticetum 

Lonicera bella var. atrorocea: ZABEL’s Dark RosE Honey 


ree ‘ation: een 

Lonicera bella var. candida. Z SS HOoNEYSUCELE 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Lonicera bella var. rosea. ZABEL’s Rose HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Lonicera chaetocarpa. HAIRY-FRUITED HONEYSUCKLE. 


Location: Fruticetum 
Natural distribution: West tern China. 
Lonicera chrysantha. YELLOW-FLOWERED HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natural detabuton Northeastern Asia to central Japan. 
Lonicera chrysantha var. Regeliana, REGEL’s HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Lonicera coerulea var. dependens. TURKESTAN FLy-HONEY- 
SUCKLE. . 
Location: Fruti 


Na rkestan. . 
i ulea var.edulis, SIBERIAN FLY-HONEYSUCKLE. 


ocation: Fru 

atural ee Sihefin and northern China 

Lonicera coerulea var. Kirilovi. KiriLow’s Fiy-aonavsucan: 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Natural distribution: Turkestan. 


78 
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH 
rch Conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 
3d. 


The Ma 
Students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of March 


The flower in the genus Henini A Dr. F. W. Pennell. 
“The genus eee in Florida,” by Dr. J. K. Sma 
nnell discussed the sian of the flower of the gi 


cs 


the flower; (8) | union of parts, suns in the calyx and coro 
(c) tendency 1.é., irregular but bile 
symmetry; and (d) various s erepular and particular changes, 
such as may be reduced to no definite class. It was held tha 


D ll reported on th ida species of Peperomia, 
narrating the history of the Hae of each, and showing speci- 
of the five known to date of these are Dr 


ce. 
the pepper family, and in Florida is confined to the peninsula, 
mainly its southern subtropical portion. 


STOUT 


A.B. oT, 
Secretary of the Conference 


79 
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Mr. F. S. Collins of North Easton, Mass., author of ‘The 
Green ee of North America’ ee other well-known works on 
the algae, was a visitor at the Garden on March 24 


H. Guthrie Smith, of Tutira, New Ze aland, was a visitor 


r. 
at the Garden April 2, en route to Scotland. Mr. Smith has 


ye 
sects chief attention to: the introduction ct forsee plants. 


ontrary t Hooker, he finds 


are sedan if ever able to compete successfully with the mare 
vegetation, and are always limited to areas influenced by man. 
Dr. A. B. Stout, of the Garden staff, recently gave an address 
before Biological Club of Princeton University on the subject 
of ‘Fertility and Sterility in Plants.” 
A dendrograph has been installed on a maple in the Botanical 
Garden. This apparatus was devised by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, 


‘un 
instrument oe such hee surometcally silage remarkable 


properly 
except a weekly visit to remove and replace the record blanks 
and to wind the eight-day clock of the recording drum. 


oO 


with others obtained on various eine of trees growing i 
widely separated parts of the United Sta 


Meteorology for March—The total precipitation for the 
wi inche: inc 


mont as 3 inches of which 0.40 inches si 
measurement) fell as snow he maximum temperatures 
recorded for each week were 47° on the 5th, we on the fa . 


Th 
temperatures were 11° on the 7th a the ah, 19° on ae 14th, 
4° on the 19th, and 31° on the 2 


80 


ACCESSIONS 
PLANTS AND SEEDS 
3 plants of Zygocactus. (Given by Mrs. E. Cornell.) 
I plant of Serissa foetide. (Given by Mr. E. D. Adams.) 
6 plants of Taxus canadensis. (Given by Dr. L. R. Morris). 


Port by Mr. D. W. M 
5 plants for conservatories. (Gina by vile aaa through a : K. Small.). 
I Plant of baie (Given by Mrs. Simon Stern 
i Given by Mr. im L. Bryant.) 
plant of Dryopteris sega: (Given by aad eats Rapp.) 
158 hardy woody plants. 


hn Soar. 
3p f itife iven by Mr. H. Wolfgang.) 
1 f is Re (Given by Mr. H. W. Becker.) 


I plant of Sansevieria. (Given by on S. A. Wad 

pl imict (Given by Mr, ae Stuart.) 
i plant for conservatories. (Given by Mr. R. A. Gilliam.) 
2 plant. if ii Y 


(Given by Miss M. E, Kittredge.) 
5 plants of Acacia. (Given by Mr. Louis Dupuy.) 
plants of Acecia for Range 2. (Purchased.) 


8 plants of Nephrolepis. (Purchased.) 

1: Victory Grove. (Purchased.) 
50 plants of d (Pu: ney ) 
41 Florida plants. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 

7 plants of Lonicera plicata. wae by Mr. John Finley.) 
lant f, Santo Domi 


n by Mr. W. L. Abbott 
4 pl f 0: ia fi h (Collected by oe i} K. Small.) 
i Nortt Li (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 


(Collected by Mr. J. A. Harris.) 
Ir plants of Gaylussacia brachycera from Perry Co., Penn. (Collected by Dr. 
J. K, Small.) 


(Collected by Dr. J. K, Small.) 
2 plants of sundew jaan New Jersey. Colles cted by Dr. ne W. Pennell.) 
J. A. Harris.) 
I ‘plant of ‘Agave Victoriae-Reginae, (By exchange a Mr. W. H. Bickel- 
haupt. 
3 plants of yarrow. (By Bi S. Dept. of Agric.) 
2 cactus plants. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric., through Dr. J. N. 
Rose.) 
I f E. S. Dept. Agric.) 
148 plants for coacervavsries and nurseries. Mee exchange with Bureau of 
Plant Industry. 
T plant of Cat tileya Trianae. (By exchange with Mr, Adam Muller.) 
7 plants from the Bahamas. (Collected by Mr. L. I. Brace.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert “Abbe, 
Fri 


Robert W. de Forest, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, 
Daniel Guggenheim, 


1: Montgomery Hare, 


Membe: 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, 


Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Edward S. Harkness, 
P e 


Frederic R. Newbold, 
C. D. Norton, 

Eben E. Ole 

Prof. =i as Gahan: 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs, Hamilton F. Kean, 
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
Mrs. A. A. 


- Mrs. Charles MacVeagh 


Mrs. V. E 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


George W. eee 


L. Stetson, 


Be a 
Charles G. Thompson, 
Dr.W. Gil: SaeEhGtpaae 


Bronson Winthrop, 
Grenville L. Winthrop. 


ts of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, Harold I. Pratt, 
Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Mrs. James Roosevelt, 


Mrs, Cabot Ward. 


Pend Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompeoa. 
Mrs. F. K. 


M ry Harriman, 
Mrs, ne Kane, 


rgis, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, containing 
notes, news, and non-technical articles of ge! a ee in a erest. Free to all members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 at a copy; a year. [Not offered in ex- 
change.] Now in its twenty-first volume. 

| Mycologia, bimonthly, asta in color and ikea! devoted to fungi, 
including lichens; containi eae chnical articles and news and notes of pie: 
i dex ‘e oc t American mycological ieeetitey $4.00 a 

exchange.] Now in its twelfth bak ie. 
A , quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates bape aera by 
aout escriptions cn flowerin hirty: 
each volume. ae ption price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in pas 
n 0! 


a 
= 


two i in 


in its fift : 
| Bulletin of iden pis Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
of the Director-in-Chief a other 


cial documents, and technical articles em- 
ui ers 
of the cae to others, $3.00 per 


North American vie ae of the wild plants of North Ameri 
icing Greenland, the West a eae Central 
0! 


rica. 
completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8 ach volume to consist of four or mor 
rts. ates ption price, $1.50 Es ; a limited number of separate parts 
will be sold for $2.0 h. [Not offered in exchang: 
» part I, 191 Nectriaceae—Fi ria 


ceae. 
ol. 7, part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 
eta) ti ar Hh, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately. 
Vol. 10, part I, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae Sag 


( I, 19 cm 
Vol. ri part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, I9r yphaceae—Poaceae (pars). 
Vol. 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio- 


Vol. 22, parts I end By ot parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 


Rosai 


Vol. mh part I, 1919; part 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 

Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 
vol. . Clethrac i id 

Vol. 32, part 1, 1918. Rubiaceae (pa 

Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae. 

Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Pric ne ne of the Garden, 


a 
L 


ac. ( 76 figures. 1903. 
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains ane Kreischerville, New 
York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., 9 plates. 1909. 
Effects of the Rays of Radium on Pega i oe Stuart Gager. 
viii + 28 PP. with 73 figures et 14 plates. 
Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity bs New York: a Connell to Plant Geography 
by eae Taylor. vi + 683 with 9 plat 
1. VI. Papers presented ce PERE C Celebrating! of the Twentieth purges a 
nee New ir Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 
916. 


figures. 
Contr ite tions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
pre sible by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from Nae 
ee n the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 


NEW YORK hee eae GARDE 
Bro: ark, New York City 


~ Vol, XXI A May, 1920 No. 245 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 

Pacs 
Cypress and Populationin Florida .. 1... ee eee eee eee eee 81 

Vocational Education in Gardening for Disabled and Convalescent Soldiers and 
MIDLAMEERE TEN ieee ea ener athe ar eae are gh agimeice ere ay ece 87 
Trees Girdled by Meadow Mice. ...-.. SRE Te heh arate an a 94 
MGOMEOTENCE NOLES. cis tl. thee ke ee we Beet ares ot eo Aare a 97 
Notes, News and Comment... . - 6 2 tetee e e e  eee 99 
PRCHPRRIIBMIR ET SR EL ors. ccvatsttedtes oy ai tkattatece, © ee. enim ole aye er 99 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 4: NortH Quzen Srreet, Lancaster, Pa. 


Tue New EraPrintinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 


Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
" FRANCIS ee STETSON 
Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD MS 
TrEASURER—JOHN L, me 
Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcretary—N. L, BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires J eae 


N. L. BRITTON WIS RUT THERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. ve FOREST TEPDEniC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires rents 
PAUL D. CRAVATH GEOR a W. PERKINS 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS pete STETSON 
ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY 
Term expires epee ne 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. vz FOREST re een 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 


2, EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE Mayor oF THE City or New York 
ON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


PR man 
EUGENE a BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. = 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER Gu ANNING S. PRA 
OF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 


PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. ae TTON, Feu vieciae (Development, eeuerce Sebi 


. GLEA , Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN K ae Heed Curator of ti Museums (Flowering Plants) 
. A, MUR Superv of P: oe. Instruction 


eee reba "(ines ing Plants) 
DR. CMARSHALL ey HOWE, Curator (Flowers Plants) 
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) an? 
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant 
pies 


DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Cur 
ee Sf Be Head Gardener and Curator of Penal 
TOUT, Director of the Laboratories 
DR OHN "HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
ARAH H. HARL , Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, ro: Matta + of the hie’ Pies 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator 


neer 
lerk an ‘ountant 
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


squg[d-are rayjo Ma} Ing ‘(4oFedo¢pusd) ssour EPUOp Jo saygyuend 
Jeoas Joqiey usijo sai] BY, | ‘ABOap 07 Ja] JO JoquIN] OPW] pawrs 
AAI Nasu0D TetaAas 10} Zuyuinq useq sey seoeld auros ur snumy San “aay &q Pp 


Bayy ‘siead 


P Wes 


Pp q y suoljiod a8ieT 
YF Ul Szyst ! [ SOW BYF JO UO sasTIdWOD ‘vayoysIIyGC) BYe’T J s dA: 


Sbz Sivig N#GHVD IWIINVLOG WIOA MAN FHL so TyNanof 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI May, 1920 No. 245 


CYPRESS AND POPULATION IN FLORIDA 
THE RELATION OF PHYTOGEOGRAPHY TO THE DRIFT OF Popu- 
ATION AS SHOWN IN THE CASE OF TAXODIUM 
WITH PLATES 245-247 


Some botanical genius with a taste for research will come along 


ra T 
readjustment of floras which usually follow man’s advent in 
ew fields. It is in reference to what existed there before man’s 
advent, or before the pelea s eduent at any rate. 


+ 


Consider the case of our for example— 
of Taxodium, ewes known as ey piene: bald-cypress, river- 
cypress, pond-cypress, whence the “wood-eternal’’ as the lumber 
advertisements have it. 

The Casas range of this deciduous-leaved conifer—whence 
one it on names, bald-cypress—is confined almost 
wholly to ae aan and the Gulf Coasta. Plains, extending 
from southern N a sey to Florida, southern Indiana, southern 


Missouri, and Tex 
The habitats ae assigned for it are “‘River-swamps usually 


ses of Taxodium, generations of their less acute successors 
1¢. S, Sargent, Manual of Trees of North America 72. 1905. 
81 


82 


still recognized but one. Not until the beginning of ths aed 
were the two species again clearly segregated.1 In this connec- 
the above quo i 


cited species ae to 18 18, whee its was s separated under varietal 
rank, ae asa until 1833. 

But the point is thiee that less than ¢ a'score ane seeds ago the 
pee southern limit for the of either 
clea still coincided almost bay with the ene limit of 

Florida’s modern development. 

In leading works on trees* about the beginning of this present 


nder 
bution of this conifer we may read “ . southwar 


sh ape Rom Reads 
The italics are ours. two localities represented, as a 
t, not th hern limit of Taxodium, but of 


West, made possible—even easy—access to a storehouse of 
botanical lore hitherto closed. 

Curiously enough, the arbitrary line of division above detereea 
to also divides, in a general way, the higher portion of the state 
from the lower portion 

1R, M. Harper, Bulletin of the “Torrey Botanical Club 29: 383-399. 1902; 
32: 105-115. 1905. 

*C. S. Sargent, Silva 10: 153. 1896; Manual of the Trees of North America 72, 
1905. 


“(2 i Syuv[d-41 ‘3 Ley 93} 1 F Yi JOsaaty oy] ‘suoyyesado Bursquiny ade] 
SUAUT [[EM UOrSar yey] JO sqzred satquOIy ay} OJU] siemysry pesodosd ynq ‘payeiseaap A[yea28 ueeq 3a Jou sey saidS3-puod ayy 


Ajaejnoried ‘ernsuruad ayy 7 W y? UT JO yous ay «= ‘Bale JO sage AUBUT IaAO puajxe ABUT JO saat] Ma} & 
asyaduod Aeul speapy = ‘Spueijs ul wey} Speay uy aoul svoIT sayoads sty “duemsg ssaid<a Sig ay) ul peay ssoid{9-puog 


ote divig NAQUVS ‘IVOINVIOG NYOA MIN AHL sO TwNAnoL 


83 


Strange that the Big Cypress Swamp—which has been so 
designated on maps of Florida, at pide since 1849—should have 
been excluded from this recorded f the cypress! 
Whence the name, if cypress did not Bou there? Likewise, on 
the lower eastern coast the cypress was not hidden from view, 

re 


a 
kept out of the records of distributio: 

There are several ways to account for this rather striking 
political development a 6 rida—however much we lack the 
Diiytogecerapiue: ears but none is wholly lnaraues 

hi 


erhaps t neo ry i 
southward, they ilewed the line ot least resistance, which: in 
is case, W: igher part of the peninsula. s they pro- 


ion nearly half a ee Du uri ane Ge ened; Florida mean- 


from which 


the red man was inven became dotted with forts, ae of which 
m 


tern division of the peninsula, of co Man rts were 
located far down in the southe nd southwest. But here 
the lines of communication were so tenuous, and the swamps 


—there are still miles of lonely wilderness 


84 


was these observations on the cypress slong the frontier 
the | 


important forest and ‘timber tree, us, I suppose we must 


Swamp did appear on early maps. But botanists and dendrolo- 
gists were not ignorant of the vegetation of the eastern coast of 
Florida, In fact, the main featu ad been quite well known 


The pond-cypress does not extend as far south on the eastern 
coast as its larger relative, but it is often conspicuous in the land- 
scape 

Thus the stereotyped record of distribution of Taxodium in 
Florida marae at least four great regions. They are, the 
Lake Okeechobee basin, the Big Cypress Swamp, the lower 
eastern ene district, and the southern end of the GE yerciases: 


JourNnaL oF THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 247 


kind i ii Lisdi left, pond-cypre: 
(fT. d ight ides the di in habi h in the two pre- 
ceding plates, the trees differ in the leaves, not alone in the position, but in the 
shape. The fruits of the ies h b IL mpared. 


85 


In all these regions occur both kinds of cypress—Taxodium 
distichum and Taxodium ascendens. The river-bottoms, the 
h: 


ment of the pi the ig Cypress wamp, 
cs 1, 


ly developed 
in the Lake Okeechobee riod and upper Saint Johi s basin, 
The vastness of growth of the large cypress in the Oiechobes ‘ 


b e appreciated only by seeing it. The shores of the 
lake, particularly the eastern and northern shore, the tributa: 
reams, not t simmee River, the Onothohatchee 
Cc reek, squito Creek, and Fisheating Creek, 
utlying sloughs often support almost impenetrable stands of 
beautiful tre he trunks, tall and clear of branches, furnish 
the favorite material for the dug-out canoes of the ek 
Sma: The. aha forest on the ae shore of Lake 
Ol i all Florida. 


The prairies that surround the fringe -: the Everglades, 
which in turn encompass Okeechobee, are also high, but occa- 


much of the cypress of the Big eee is mae big. _ HoWweyt 
cypress is not Mea In the Slough, 
res we find be autiful forests of 


prairies of t vergla ys, and on the edges of the Ever 
glades—there iy as isolated cypress heads. hese 
clumps of cypress trees, both large an small, are much affected as 


from their permanent camps. The trees in the river bottoms are: 
also large enough to furnish the materials for their canoes. 


86 


In several ways the southern end of the pears or the 
prairie between the Everglade Keys and the Bay 


Florida is 
particularly interesting. There we find tl t st d 
of 


growt 
-c Lae and the most massive growth of the other 
species. On t 
small pond-cypress trees about as high as one’s head or twice as 
high, but with all the appearances of great 


ge th 
hand, there we find the most massive development of the river- 
c 


South of the latitude of Royal Palm Hammock one may 


found it to be a single hae tree! 


se large cypress trees ot, however, like those further 
orth—so stately and — Pha often only at the top 
e tr _ are usually short, as well as stou n the case of 


ve. e tru 
feet in ee oe branched eu feet fro 


rees. 

very aire feature of this region of the little 
cypress trees and the cypress trees is the association of this 
typically fresh-water nae with the mangrove, a typically salt- 
water plant. 


al 
he cypress extends well dems towards the influence of salt 
water, if not aci 


p main a mystery f y 
ears. Florida is a land of teed rivets, ty perhaps of 
underground tidal currents as well. 


Joun K. SMALL 


87 


VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN GARDENING FOR 
DISABLED AND CONVALESCENT SOLDIERS 
AND SAILORS 


The vocational training of gardeners in the New York Botani- 
actually 


ve ovis pave been in oe classes: at one Gast or Bano: 
before 
the horticultural world today. The National ‘Assotiation of 


ing Ww ers , who ai ‘ood health, with a system 
of strictly practical trai ; ce eten , to- 
gether with the hae . haw botany, plant mare pathology, 
entomol elated jects oadening 


influences of See literature, flower eee ies etc., the 


88 


ideal training would result. The percentage 

adapted to gardening is not large. We have ial young m 

whose fathers before them were successful gardeners and pe 
h 


+ 1} 


n he ning fos 
shoul ees an intresting, health occupation se the same 


day. Iti is a matter of selection sae tadividical pieierence 
Our practical training has been carried on in accordance with 
al work around the Gard 


plished both by individual work of students with deners 
and insmall classes. This work has included potting and tubbing 
of large conservatory plants, such as wo encountered in 
the conservatories of large country s, the washing of plants 


” ; 
plants with hand sprays, and general practice in watering, 
i mai oe 


such as Acalypha, Aucuba, Begonia, eae Cestrum, 
i i nthemu 


Seéds have been sown of the more common greenhouse dowerins 


89 


plants, such as Cyclamen, primrose, and Gloxinia, for flowering 
next summer, fall and winter; seeds of the early vegetables 
sown. T. 


and of our annual garden flowers have also b 
ing of veg d annual seeds is especially in point for the 
students who worke them last year. Pr e in forcing 
some of the bulbous plants, such as Narcissus, miniature hya- 
cinths, and tulips, was also carried on, so: hese flowers 
being placed on exhibition at Range No 
e ou r gardening practice has been varies The ee of 


Hugh ee a + student who had peeves 
worked fr ne Dida N. J 4 de Tree Commission, handled 

ith the right hand and crook of 
the left elke as he had before he lost his hand in France. 


z 
oO 
5 
oO 
bic} 
a 
ae 
ro 
a 
oO 
= 
2 
i=] 
fay 


work shee: in marae care ‘of a aa ee but he was not 
rk. 


Flower gardening commenced in the spring of 1919 with the 


perennials were renovated, general care was given to _ collec- 
tions, oh chrysai anthemums were piaates for fall bloom: 
T wing of th the p flower ing Plants Soe 


oO 
Q 
cs) 
— 
cs) 
fel 
ct. 
3 
5 
° 
os 
= 
is} 
= 
= 
an 
2 
ct 
ee 
fo) 


© 
= 
an 
me 
i=] 
© 
a 
4 
o 
rs] 
> 
Qa 
2 
‘Sy 
wn 
U 
i; 
a‘ 


pared by the more advanced students for use in their own gardens 


Pp SOT! q oz6r ‘or judy | “IA 1 GIGI '€z 1aqoWO )"*" "> * yAOA MAN ‘Auueg ‘Ietqeory 
payse1e sisopnoraqn | Oz6I ‘SI yey '  oz61 'T yore |** : MIOA aN OH eld ‘HOH 
vaoud ss 
-skql “passe, “yjnour punom yoysuns “14 1 | 0261 ‘z JaquIaAON {°° ‘AUN ‘mApyoorg ‘prempg ‘umeUrqoy 
passe | oz61 ‘Sx Arenaqag | ‘I4 1 GIGI ‘gz 1aqoWO |'** ""HIOA Man “d) puourAey ‘Ayeaq, 
sug ‘ 
pue Say punom joysuny ‘sisoimauoyossg AT} 6161 ‘6 Jaquiasag ['°'***'*HIOA MAN “H premopy “WUE 
passery oz61 ¢ I yludy | ‘ou € oz61 ‘€ yore] [CAN ‘SdaqUOA ‘sapreyD ‘weer 
Bo] Ye] payeyndwuy GIGI ‘gi ounf | “AT 6161 ‘Li pudy |-° odo “PHPPATD ‘ww puowsey ‘preAuesy 
aha 34811 sso] “punoM JoYysuTy oz61 ‘1 [dy JA 1 |G161 ‘OI raqmaaon |*"** 
sysoyndiaqn 7, oz6r ‘or Axenuef | ‘a4 1 |6161 ‘Iz Jaquiaaoy ["""°"** 
aeuyq pemfuy 6161 ‘I JaqozIQ | ‘our g| 6161 ‘LI Avensqoq 
sjsAyered jeaeg ‘punom joysuns) IAT] 0261 ‘6r Avenuef [ot 
atqnor} eAq 6161 ‘oz AW 6161 ‘zr Ae 
3[qnos; yYeMIES IAT 6161 ‘6z Judy [**** °°" 
yous []2qS aA 1} OZ6r ‘EI Areniqay |°" A ‘yeAoy Wo +) péory ‘spuourp 
payserre stsopnosaqn J, AT 6165 ‘1 Avy |* “ IOA Man ‘preMpy ‘suTUMOC: 
peysasie sysopnoraqn | oz61 ‘ST yore IAT oz6r ‘§ Arenuef "orgy ‘uoKeg “f yore *Aaueaa, 
passe, “sisojnozeqn], oz61 ‘g yorepy | ‘ou z 6161 ‘gI ysnany |*** ‘ACN ‘2OYRYONT ‘Busey ‘Toye, 
oe IAT Oz61 ‘SI yorey |* TOK AMON ‘Ase SSIAT ‘UNO: 
paqsarie sisojnoiaqn |, ‘oul £ oz6r ‘S Arenuef |**" "yIOA Man “Lf 381034) ‘Jo ysty, 
Blpaul 81970 STUOIYD “IAT 6161 ‘L Ant ACN 
‘gourA Joy ‘Auoyiy “Af ‘anor, 
ssopAyuy ‘3ur10f quiny} au0 sso-T “AT 6161 ‘L Apnt 
peisalre sisopnazaqny = “punom joysunsy oz6r ‘1 judy | ‘14 1| 6161 ‘6 raquravaq 
ef GIGI ‘1 JaqowO | "IA 1 | 6161 ‘be ArenIgqeaz 
equayysemany 6161 ‘ST yaquiaydag | “IA 1 | 6161 *h1 Areniqoy { 
pa}se11e s[so[nosaqn oz61 ‘rudy | A 1). oz61 '6 Areniqayq 
yooys [ays AI oz6r ‘S Tudy 
“yoo} ‘punom joys uns IAT 6161 ‘by [dy ‘A 'N ‘AdreyT sqqoq sGlouise> ‘ouerY: 
aseasIp WAwaY IEpNAleA 14 1! 6161 ‘g raquiaqdag ‘oP +n ‘uossaqzeg ‘yy semoyy ‘Woqqy 
: oe 
Angqesiq Tome sume parawy awen 


SINdGNLS 


punom ew “punom joysuns “IA X|] oz6r ‘6z Arenuel |‘ “*sJ0A MAN “A UYQOL ‘Zz]NYS 
‘WAT O16r ‘1 yandny |'°°° ~°A ‘Ny ‘siaqUO, ‘oruoquy ‘WWeYyIIeG 
siz 
-ydau stuorq9 «‘passes) = *punom yoysuns ‘AI oz61 ‘oz Arenuef i) ‘a foo tiryse “oy ADUAOUIY ‘SUITJOY 
sumip rea painjdny ‘Burzeay yo sso-y ‘IAT GIGI *I aquasaq "+ HI, #ON “gq sawef ‘AT[19W 
aTqnor} preay sepnayeA, AL) Oz6n ‘zr Arenuef |°-*- MIO” MAN “PH Aorag ‘prednog 
snip 
-IeOOA] “peLBdAYyRY, ‘sIWYIuOIq STuOIG> ‘IAT! 6161 ‘oz 19q09190 [°° “A ‘N '19988YD V0 ‘souame’T ‘auNeg 
punom joysunsy oz6r ‘S Arenuef[ | “aA TI GIGI ‘gz JaqowO [ACN ‘SUayUOR ‘query ‘sue 
paysaue sisopnoraqn T, ‘out 9 |‘6161 o1 Jaquiaaoy |**** “3IOA MAN ‘ouequI ‘ueMTeEg 
puey 3] paeinduy AT 6161 ‘11 yoreyy ‘uUdD 'WaAeyH MAN “YW YSN ‘TPNLO 
paysa1ie sissoynoraqny | _ oZ61 ‘i yorepy | ‘our g oz6r ‘'S Arenuef UA "N ‘uApoorg “f WITT ‘Ug, 
peysear7e SIsONIaqn . IAT oz6r'S Arenuef joss YIOA MAN ‘snryeusq ‘weulmany 
pa sale sySO[NoIaqny, oz61 ‘3 [udy oz6x ‘gi Arensqa.y ACN 
‘uoyBuryse My Hog “q aqry ‘yoequiany 
ayqnor} snoalany IAT B 
sisopnosaqny, oz6r ‘St Arenuef[ | ‘1A 1 
Ts}yeuINayL sNoy AT 
3Iqnor} yea oz61 ‘1 [dy | "aA 1 
-passesy) ‘punom jeuderys IAT 
poysasTe Ssopndiaqn yf, 6161 ‘9 aunf | “1A 1 
S3qno2} Iva pus aA AT 
peysaue bIsopnoraqn WAT 
paysa1ze sqsopnozaqn y, oz6I ‘I youeyy 
peysazre stsopnoiaqn 7, 6161 ‘OI TaqowO | “AAT 6161 ‘€ youey |* “SSH coainqsineri “Yl Uae yy ‘Unapuey 
pr sae SIsopNI1aqnN yp 6161 ‘v2 ounf f “N ‘ay[aaouarmey "yy Aruagy ‘rey 
Ba] punom Joysuns oz6r ‘Si youey | IAT cress IOR MONT [IU ‘tyoo37 
eajaqziqd oz6r ‘rt judy * MIOA MAN “ff uyof ‘wasI[IDT 
IPI SIO «= "SI}IPro ep oz61 ‘I [Ldy | ‘om 9 7 “"sI0OA MAN “g ydasof ‘sauof 
payseaue sjsopnozeqn J, oz61 ‘rudy | 441 GIGI '1z 13q07PH By ‘singssajag ‘*N sino7T ‘sqooeL 
Aunaesia, YT cena parang aun, 


panujju0j—SINAqGng 


"poys TPYS  ‘sisopMoreqny, 


passe 

JO} UOT eIAd, 

wynys papery ‘peay ut puno, 
uorxay Pay] 


paqsasre sysopNo.iaqn, 
rea panos oe “srqarjoun{uo: 
pessed 18 P 


passe! 
diy aimjoezy punodurod 
AdUaDYyap [eWay “sIesuy YT 
paysa1e sisopnozaqn 


yeusoyUr pue yeusayxe jo sisdjered peried 


Anqqesicl 


6161 ‘£ aunf{ paiq 


Oz61 (IT Yoel 
Oz61 ‘SI Yoel 


6161 ‘4 Aqnf 
ozG6l "IE yoeyl 
OzGI ‘I yey 
OI61 ‘gI ABI 


wT 


IAL 
“AT 


6161 ‘gt Arenue. 
oz6r ‘€1 Arenue. 


a 
a 
a 
Ps 
a 
i) 
y 
it 
3 


6161 ‘€ Arenige. 


pazaag 


GIGI ‘lz IaquiaAoN 


“PHN “HONG “TELA WeIUZO A, 
“MIOA MONT ‘sa]1BYD ‘13}120A4, 


“ACN ‘dnS] “a Seuoyy ‘129[PUIS 


ACN ‘uA]qoo1g ‘sewmoyly ‘BEYyasyqsS 


aaeyy 


panutjuoj—SINAGNIS 


93 


later Some practice in planting t the large collection of 
typ ich were so 


s 
plac sand, the propagation of ur flowering 
shrubs by long cuttings, such as are used in propagating privet, 
willow and other These cuttings are being ey red until 
late spring, when they will be rooted in th 


mo: 
the shrubs treated in’ this manner were : orsythi a, Cor ae 


Tamarix, Ribes, Viburnum, ri weigela, Benzoin, Kerria, 
Staphylea, Dirca, ee 
During 1919, the pict attended many practical demon- 


strations of Sian re grading, tree-moving and other 
work. 


: e elementary study of plants and plant functions has been 
continuous feature of the gardening course. Elementary 
botany; i ding stud seeds, seedlings, buds, stems, 


physio Botany was taken u in during the winter, 
nd will be followed by more plant physiology for the new stu- 
dents ar ology, se devoted to the study of insects 


‘i zoology, a cour: 
and animals caeneriee in horticultural work, was taken u 
during the spring and summer of 1919. 
One afternoon a week throughout the year is devoted to garden 
botany, a study of the plant materials used in gardening and its 
branches, their identification, habit of Brown baie end interest- 


ing features. During the w Pp oni- 
fers, and broad- joneed evergreens are ead ed. In summer ie 
flowering shrubs, trees, annual flowering plants, perennial border 
plants, bulbs, and bedding plants are considered at all stages of 


94 


their growth. Although a real knowledge of such a diversity of 

plant materials can only be gained through constant association 

with the Plants, a general BRCwIEES of elianonehipe 4 condi- 

location, ate ting, and 

care during growth, protection in buying, and interest to go be- 

yond the Bi nied scope aes in most ft gardening vo 
Broad-] 


eversreci 
ness; berry-bearing sh for winter oe and food for our 


r 
friends, the bi plants, especially many natives, which are 
so well adapted ild swampy spots and the banks of streams, 
are all considered Ithough the old garden plants such as 
geraniums, salvias, petunias, and Coleus are the most easily 
learned beautiful and more valuable kinds 


tten. 

e edia of rican Horticulture and the IIlus- 
trated Flora of the Northeastern States have been used for 
reference in this study of plants. These works are accessible to 
the students in their reading room at the Mansion. Text 
on gardening and floriculture are furnished, a the eee 

yy the Federal Board for Vocational Educ: 
ENNETH ae BoynTOoNn. 


TREES GIRDLED BY MEADOW MICE 


One day early in March, I saw. about noon at the Elevated 


$ P. 
destroys birds’ eggs and young birds before they are able to fly 
© specimens of the black variety are frequently seen in the 


95 


hemlock grove. The cottontail rabbit is fairly abundant in our 
i he 


n 
injury done by them here is so slight as to be negligible. 
which they nip off with a clean cut. I do not know of a single 
case of girdling which can be attributed to the 

But th 


ut the common meadow mouse is very ae every 
winter, and has been unusually so during the one just past, doubt- 


0 u 
runways forming a network over the surface of the soil and wind- 


ong as the co 
body and shorter legs and tail. They keep thé runways very 


four to eleven young are reared each year s, owls, crows, 
foxes, weasels, cats, and other natural enemies prey upon 
continually—and still they increase e e 


one tree or shrub to another. 
No store of food is laid up for cold weather by the soutien 


ic 
search for ae on our grounds during the past winter would 


ways according to the quality of ce fare a depth of the 
snow, the amount of dry grass present, etc. 
The object of the mice being to get at the food stored in the 


96 


inner bark, it was necessary for them first to gnaw away the 


outer corky layers, after which the tender inner laye! ec 
d d On account of this complete girdling 
no food can pass to the roots, which will be speedily starved out 
and the trees will die. In the case of shrubs, new shoots will 
spring up, but this ue take some time. 
everal of th lendid Japanese flowering cherries were 
completely girdled a a distance of six inches or a foot near the 


r 
dens, one poplar, several wild cherries, and other 


e same exte nt as the 


near th um. build: 
been completely girdled; while at the Mosholu Approach and 
i : 


. e 
shrub on a e bank above seeme to be aed attractive to 
ved 


a 
ae to this small, lurking enemy, which is so difficult to 


97 


combat. We shall have to accept our losses with equanimity; 
keep the ceed down as much as possible; and hope for less snow 
another win 

Bridge gr rating is often recommended to: save trees that have 


able point that it would probably be wiser to remove most trees 


thus injured and put in new ones 
W. A. MorriLt 


\ CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL 
The April conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 
Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the Museum 
Apis eye April 7, 1920, at 3:30 P.M. Dr. Marshall 
“The Marine Algae of the Bahamas,” illus- 
nee le tal or by numerous ip epeeinicns, dried and in fluid. 


J 
G. A. Hall, and Prof. W. C. Coker, and later ones made by Mr 
Percy Wilson and Mr. L, J. K. Brace. 
The Bahamian archipelago, according to the report of a 
former governor of the colony, consists of ‘29 islands, 661 cays, 
d 2,387 rocks,” and, in addition to ad coast lines peaked by 
ks, th 


miles where ee water. is oans (com one foot to twenty feet 


e 
a good foothold for marine algae. The oolitic sand resulting 
from the decomposition of this rock is in some places too shifting 


98 


and unstable to allow any great development of algae, but it is 


suggesting the roots of carrots or parsnips, and by aid of 
se the ble to maintain themselves on 

ha’ more thern climes would be wholly destitute of the 

more conspicuous al mparisons with rine floras 


nd abundance of individuals, in hs Bahama ands and the 

adjacent Florida Keys. 

If the diatoms are included, the list of known Bahamian algae 
25 sp been recognized 

species are 


‘ota 525 igo “* 


One difficult group of red algae, the Squamariaceae, of which 


c 
and several addinos: to the ist may Bs expe sane ees this 
fam ear t 
a ae more attention. And most “of the collecting a the 
ahamas has been done in the winter and spring months, when 
conditions as to ‘fomperature and mosquitoes are es most agree- 
able. Some of arrowly seasonal appear- 
ance and a curiously local distribution: Wi e extensive 
and intensive collecting, covering all of the months of the year. 
it is certain that the above list will be materially enlarged. 
$ 


. B. Stout, 
Secretary of the Conference. 


99 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Dr. and Mrs. N. tton, Dr. Walter Mendelson, and Miss 
Dorothy Coker area ee Trinidad, May 2, bringing with 
them a large collection of specimens 


Professor Guy West Wilson, formerly employed at the Garden, 
has returned to the department of biology in Upper Iowa Uni- 
versity, Fayette, Iowa. While at Clemson College in South 
Carolina, as collected a number of interesting fungi, an account 
of which will soon appear in Mycologia. 


A widespread leaf-spot disease of the broad- leaved species 
d fi 


until they reach the pores. The removal of dead infected leaves 
before the young leaves appear promises to be a successful mean 
of control. 

Mr. H. ecker, in charge of het Garden greenhouses, has 
had eapeeials success in the control of ants. His method is by 
the use of nicotine, applied near their runways, on stems of 
plants, etc. He is sending a discussion of this to the Gardeners’ 

‘cle : 
t 


ACCESSIONS 
PLANTS AND SEEDS 
7 plants for conservatories, (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through 
Dr, J. N. Rose.) 7 
ri (By exchange with Mr. W. C. Fishlock.) 
1 plant for conservatories. (By exchange with Dr. J. W. Harshberger.) 


7 bulbs of Scilla maritima. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 

§ bulbs of Lilium superbum. (Given by Mr. W. F. Marsh.) 
2 bulbs of AHium. (Given by Mr. R. E. Dale. 
3 bulbs for conservatories. (Given by Mr. W. C. Fishlock.) 


100 


1 (By hang h Mr. F. P. Quinby). 
8 orchids for the conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through 
Dr. J. N. Rose.) : ‘ 
2 plants of Echeveria. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. 
Rose.) 
45 cactus plants for the conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., 
through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 
4 plants of Opuntia. (By exchange with U.S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. 
Rose.) 
5 pa of Mamillaria. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. 
J. N. Re 


nt of Opuntia Lindheimeri. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., 
Ree Dr. a Rose.) 
§ plants of Felecyfhore pectinata, (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., 
through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 
I packet seed. (eas r. H. H, Rusby.) 
I packet seed of aes acuminatu, he by Mr. Inglis Stuart.) 
37 packets of seed. (Given by Mr. F. W. Lonegren.) 


I packet of seed. (Given by Mr. Pers Hawks.) 

14 packets of Colombia seed. (Given by Dr. Alexander Andrade.) 

ir packets of seed from Ecuador. (Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose.) 

2 packets of Florida seed. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 

63 packets of seed. ee chased.) 

3 packets of seed. i ii Section, Giza Mouderish, 
1 


6 packers seed. (By exchange with the U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. 
Rose.) 
169 age of ae (By exchange with poranic oe Ottawa, Canada.) 


I ees patie Ge xchange with Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.) ‘ 
I plant of Ardisia ae (Given by Mr. George Friedhof.) 
8 plants from Florida. ou cted a Dr. J. K. Small.) 


I plant of Guzma: ine (Gi ee r. Toussaint through Dr. J. K. Smail.) 
2 plants of P. tria b il (By exchan; foes with U. S. Dept. of Agric.) 
10 bulbs from Florida. tite by Dr. N. - mn.) 


- ve irom Hon ‘ida. (Collected by Dr. N. L. a 
Oenoth ie ‘iven. . sae E. M. gia 
I pkt f seed of P ill iphuré ‘Given by Bro. J. Peter.) 
I pkt. of seed of Agave cupreata. (By exchange with Dr. aa . Trelease.) 
I pkt. = seed of Crambe maritima, (By exchange with Mr. Wm. an through 
Dr. J. K. Small. 
1 phe: - seed of Warea Carter?. (Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 
1 pkt. of seed of Zamia floridana. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 


MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 
12 specimens of orchids for the local herbarium. (Given by the Rev. H. M. 


Denslow. ) 


£ Clastob A t 


Jamaica. (By exchange with Mr. 
L. J. Pessin.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert oa 
Fritz 


s See 


J. Montgomery Hare, 


Edward S. Harkness, 
Prof. R. A. Harper, 


. Jam 
Wa hes Bea)) being 
Otto H. K: 
Prof. aon es Kemp, 
ea P. Kingsley, 
w. V. Z, Lane 


AI oe aie Morgan, 
Dr. Lewis R. Morris, 
cn Newbold, 
C.D: 


ty F. Os 
Chas. ate Pack, 


oe W. Perkins, 


Jam 

Francis L Stetson, 
Frederi ate 
rT 


B. B. Tha 
Charles G. fom 


Bronson Trop, 
Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, 2 laa Armour, 


Mrs. Robert 
Miss Pawar ilies, 
Mrs. N, L. Bri 


Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
rs, Hamilton F. Kean, 


Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
M 


rs, A.A 


. A. Low, 
Mrs. Charles MacVeagh, 
Mrs. V. Everit Macy, 


Mrs. George D, Pratt, 


Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Mrs. James Roosevelt, 


oad Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


ry Harrim 
a ae ee 


Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsoa, 
Mrs. F. K. Sturgi 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, a 

notes, news, and non-technical netietes of general ee Free to all members 

of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not offered in ex- 
chan: = Ni ow ria its a dino valine 


a 
including lichens;, sania technical articles aad news a notes of general 
i 


Addisonia, quarter tty devoted exclusively to colored plates hohe orca by 
popular description . flo’ lowering p ee in 
each volume. Subscription price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in patina Fe 
in its ‘fifth v as ume. 

{Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
os phe Director-in-Chief an nd other official documents, and technical articles em- 
ied out in the Garden. Free to all members 
2 Sf ee to others, oe 00 per volume. Now in its tenth volume. 


N erican . Descriptions of the wild plants of America; 
including Greenland, the West Indies, and Centr, merica. Planned to be 
completed 4 volumes. Roy. 8vo. volume to consist of four or more 
parts. Subscription price, $1.50 per ; a limited number of separate parts 
will be sold for $2 h. [Not offered in exch: 

ol. 3, part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fii jiaceae. 
1. 7, part I, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1 and mger sold separately. 


1 and 2 no lo 
Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.) 
Vol. 10, part I, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. eee mee 


Vol. 17, part 1, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typ! aceae—Poaceae (pars). 
Mex 2I, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Alllo- 


"Vol. 22, parts I Bau 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 
Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 
Vol. 25, part I, Sa ae 2, 1910; part 3, ap Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 


Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 19153 part 35 eee risa aaa 


Memoirs of ew York B 
$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not pret in exchange] 

Vol. I. An Annotated ee of the Flor: d the Yellowstone 
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + i pp. mie a d map. 1900. 


Vol. II. The ave of Light and ences io Granth and Development, 
by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. 
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New 
York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 ED with 29 plates. 1909. 
1. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on a ts, by Charles Stuart Gager. 
viii ser ae Pp., with 73 cca and 14 plates. 19 
Flora of the Vicini! Has New York: ik ‘Contribution to Plant Geography 
by oat Taylor. vi + 68 ae , with 9 plates. 
Vol. VI. Pao presented at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many text 
figures. a 
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers ae by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals 
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 
alume. 


NEW YORE eee GARDEN 
nx Park, New York City 


Vol, XXI June, 1920 No, 246 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Paez 
A Botanical Expedition to Trinidad... 0-1 1 ee et ee ee ee 101 
UIIEMIE EMME CHILES AT Q2Ois i ais) a) c «sy ems ise ye lay wees, or enh etna 118 
Hardy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden... ........ 119 
Notes, NNewsiandComment.... 2.6. + ees e eee eee eee eee 124 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Art 4x NortH Queen Street, Lancastsr, Pa, 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 
Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSON 
FRANCIS seer STETSON 
MS 


Vice-PRESIDENTS EDWARD D. A 


TREASURER—. 
ASSISTANT TREASU! ORrton RY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Secretary—N. L, BRITTON 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 
aoe expires January, 


N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. ve FOREST oer DERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires Hen 
PAUL D. CRAVATH OLPH LEWISOHN 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM a TRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 


MYLES TIERNEY 


Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD D. Baie JOHN L. MERRILL 
OBERT W. FOREST i ey MOR GAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tue Mayor or THE City or New Yorke 
N. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PusBLic PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


on R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J, GIE' PROF, HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF, JAMES F. KE ue PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STA 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, ee esa (ever ent, Administration) 
Ss 


ric 
EA Curt 
ROBREE 5: “WILLIAMS, aaa) trative Assistant 
LSON, Associate Curator 
DR. FR. ee W. PENNELL, Associate Curt 
aaa ne ee ead Gardener and Curator of Pace 
STOUT, Director of the Laboratories 
DR. oan HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
ARAH H. HAR , Librarian 
, Honorary Curator ai the Economic rang 
ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, cobres Curator of ay Plates 
DR. WILLIAM J. G Che: 
Cc L 


JOH e 
WALTE B le a 
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI June, 1920 No. 246 


A BOTANICAL EXPEDITION TO TRINIDAD 


To THE ScrenTIFIC DirEcToRS OF THE NEw YorK BorvanicaL 
GARDEN 


Gentlemen: By permission of the Board of Managers, I was 


with the United States National Museum and the G Her- 
barium of Harvard University 

elson and Hazen were the official photographers of 
the expedition and they ae several hundred negatives, 


lates on botanical aes with enthusiastic prodigality. 


102 


Dr. Mendelson was the voluntary medical officer for the p 


very 
early morning of the eighth day out, soon followed by Grenada, 
where the “ o”’ came to before breakfast time in 


adulbdey da, arable 
us to visit and study the charmin: ical located but a 


short distance from the port, and containing many perfect and 
: en 


ms, the Director, received us with one cor- 
diality, and escorted us to points of botanical interest, enabling 
me to study and collect several of the native species of 
thus obtaining information which will be of service in my in 
1 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 14: 99-109. 1913. 
? Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 161-166. 1901. 


cacti, 
vesti- 


103 


gation of these plants with Drs . J. N. Rose and D. T. Mac- 
Dougal of the Carnegie Wetwisen a Nee on. 
i t of Spain, 


sq 
way oblong, some 50 miles long north and south ne some 30 


aps urassi taceo 
extends along the whole satel side, follo wed to ane south 
by a broad low vall f hills lated 
ones obliquely traverses the central part of the island from south- 


e forest ‘area is extensive, composed of many species of 
trees, occupying at least one fourth of the island and much of it 
is held as government reserves and crown-lands, assuring an 

_abundant fuel supply and the regulation of the flow of rivers 


104 


and streams, in which respect Trinidad is much better off than 
Porto ma and the Virgin Islands. An enlightened policy has 
further p: 


e Y' 
ee with valuable timber-trees; we are indebted to Mr. 
C. S. Rogers 


with scattered shrubs small trees and highl 
specialized herbaceous vegetation; these are not only on plains, 
t also, locally on steep hillsides, and they differ a good deal in 
their component plants, many of the 


‘y 
species being restricted in spies The soil of these savan- 


t ey 
distribution of plants with ee to rainfall, soil, and altitude 
would be of great scientific value 


4 


105 


Our first collections were made at Carenage, on the north- 


iarco Savanna on t lain so of Arouca and obtained 
speci f ma haracteristic savanna plants. A_ litt 
Drosera, a Polygala, and an Oldenlandia remin us similar 


duced from rm 
tions, filled the valleys with glorious masses of orange flowers. 
which appear before the leaves. 
The care of the collections, and studies in the botanical garden 
nd in the herbarium occupied our time for the most part for 
days. On March isi i 


the next three S arch 3, we visited Maqueripe, a 
beautiful little bay on ern coast ood bathing 
each, a made considerable collections on rocky-woode 
hillsides. Here a Begonia reaching height and the 


turning to Port of Spain, we first saw, nea 
purple flowers of the Trinidad Securidaca, a vine of the Gay-wings 
Family, forming long wands. 

rove through the Maracas and Aco 


ng a clear 
ee a including many ferns and mosses her 
made the acquaintance of the showy white- sapathed ail hae: 


106 


phyllum and the curious herbaceous Dorstenia of the Mulberry 
Family. 
e Aripo Savanna at Cumuto, which we visited on March 5, 
r. W. 


under the guidance of M E. Broadway, Horticulturist and 
Assistant penis of vs Trinidad Department of Agriculture, 
supports f fascinating botanical associations ever 


lo 
of ag variety of trees and shrubs; the stately palm Mauritia 
with ighly ornamental fruits, the ceful manac palm 
(Euterpe), and the rose-flowered Isertia, a small tree 
elats oO chona, ere of coe see and many ferns, 


ar - nd 7 were ecciipe in preserving a collection and 

in herbarium and garden studies, and Mar nd 9 were spent 
a trip to the northeastern coast arranged for us by 

Freem T ora Forest a f iles east of Sangre Grande 

is 0 f luxuriant, containing trees of great size, the 

(Dimorphandra  excelsa he Balata (Mimusops 

lata) t argest, with many high-climbing aroids 


Mr Mrs. E. A. Robinson 
aid and hospitality, for the privilege of visiting their great 
plantation of Para rubber trees, the largest in Trinidad and one 


107 
of the largest in sine America, and for a fi 
of the rubber produce 


On March 10, pire attention had been given to our rapidly 
increasing collection, a late afternoon drive was taken over the 


ne ancellor Road, partly constructed over the rather 
dry hills north of Por Spain and affording fine vie the 
city and the roadstead; e we first saw the locust-like tree 
Coursetia arborea i looming before its oe a sees 


rea in flower, ming 
and the slender tree Heliocarpus of the Linden Fam: 
bare of leaves, but retaining its super-abundant little ie nee 
fruits, 

An examination of the lea of the Bocas Islands and 
adjacent Trinidad mainland was made from March 11 to M 


es in it t m Bay, coastal bank. d 
hill: sides were studied; a fragrant yellow Howercd Ouratea, a 
shrub of the Ochna Family, was o an apparently 
native cotton (Gossypium) was found upon a beach, and here our 
first acquaintance was made with the native ‘‘Rose de Mon- 
tagne’’ (Brownea), a tree Family, its bright re 
flowers appearing in dense clusters on its tru branches, 
sometimes within a foot of the groun hens growing o 


ars. t 
there always in situations extremely difficult of access. An 


108 


attempt to land on Huevos Island, separated from Monos by 
the Boca de Navios, met with failure, owing to heavy seas. 
We spent a day ashore on eaaes sland, separated from 
Huevos by the Boca de Huev our work had 
kindly been provided at t we ‘atholic Presbytery by the Rev 
ather Sassen through the cee of Mr. J. E. Scheult, Chief 
th i 


Cle f the Department of Agric egetation of 
Chacachacare is: almost wholly ete cacti abound at 
lower elevations and on cliffs, among them the essentially spine- 
less prickly pear, Opuntia Boldinghii, o on Patos and ap- 
arently indigenous on both islands,’ together with the native 
endemic A gave (A. evadens), which was in full bloom at the time 


er 
spicuous. Three species of Capparis, small trees with white 
undan 


A special expedition was made under the escort of Mr. Free- 


our a a most interesting day on shore, climbi 

over the intensely arid hills among the numerous cacti and low 

shr is is the only place within Trinidad terri- 
cac 


pe eee we have a fair knowledge of its plant population, 

1 Opuntia bee Britton & Rose was first found by us in cultivation on 
Curacao, later o: t of Venezuela, and had previously been collected on 
Margarita. See eae I: 155. I91Q 


109 


which is not extensive as regards number of species. We re- 
turned to Gasparee through the high ocean rollers of the Boca 
Grande, the cacti securely paged in sacks and Baskets as a 
precautionary measure and the 

salt water by rubber 


sheets, while the mere phen of our 
r. 


and Tobago wu e objec the scope of our 
investigation. The meeting was held in the Royal Victoria 
Institute un th irmanship Are nm Arthur 


rinidad, and Lady Chancellor honored us by their 
Governor made many kind remarks 


0 
many other Trinidad officials we are deeply grateful 
for cordial coéperatio 
n M 


n. 
arch 17, we made collections on the Heights of St. 
One of th 


e 
nearby, ai also the curious 3-winged woody fruit o! 


ily. 
re 18, we Sone anodic eeron 2 the Piarco Sa- 


the Caroni 
River, reaching the region by way of Dabadie. Numerous 
seas sped Hoe seen on our oe visit were collected, 
among them t 

and ene trees were seen ey one of them 
flowers three inches wide and very beautiful among the dar 


110 


green foliage; in a shaded brook we found a white-flowered float- 
ing-heart (Nymphodes) and a purple-flowered Cabomba; one of 
‘ ize 


on Marc ; the signal station for i i ips is situated 
here and fine views are had in all directions. Collections were 
made hillsides along the road; trees of Lecythis, their small 
fruits like t of the related Brazil-nut, are frequent here, 

fe) he several kinds of wild figs (Ficus), here forest trees, 
was in full fruit. Coastal hills and marshes at Point Cumana, 
Carenage ai a! s were studied on March 20 e 
coastal aroid Montrichardia aculeata, a species with an erect 
more or less prickly stem four or five feet high was found in 


in leaf-mould of the 


at St. pee on March 23 and made 
herbaceous plants on marshy land given over 


there r. J. McInroy, en of the farm, and M 


111 


MciInroy. Mr. Broadway guided us the next day to the grassy 


. Thr ge pal 

luxuriant and abundant, cocorite (Maximiliana), timite (Mant- 
caria), and palma oar (Oenocarpus); museum specimens of 
their fruits were obtain 

From March 26 to ae 30, our base was changed to San 
Fernando, forty miles south of Port of Spain by road, where 
permission to use the ee onaele government oe Colony 
House had kindly b Hon. T. est, Colonial 
Secretary. The solsied, wooded San Ferishdc Hi a gave us our 
first acquaintance with the tall Pa piled eats Lidia a pees 
tive of the 
there is Fee an eudgne colony of the large Cereus aes 

it a 


istic of the environment were detected, no! 


to saline occurs abundantly, how er the guidance 
F ‘ : 


fruits producing ie see 
The low level lands of the OMsIae Lagoon, dry at this time 


112 


of year, were studied on March 29, yielding many kinds of 
sedges and grasses; the tall Thalia geniculata reminded us of 
lorida ined at th 


Florida. e were delightfully entertai e large sugar 
estate Usine St. Madeleine by Mr. Moody Stewart and his family. 
Under the guidance of Mr. C. B. Williams, Special Investigator 


of sugar-cane diseases, an excursion was made on Marc 
Palo Seco on the southern coast, where, among many other 


great abundance on hillsides facing the , its dense bunches 
of small black fruits very characteristic. One o 

volcanos” was visited, and t eat a. t of earth which had 
flowed from it, covering the whole floor of a broad valle end- 


ing to the sea, was very impressive. We had ena studied 
a much smaller one near the Penal Rock Road. 
Mr. Williams guided us also to a large quarry near Siparia, 
the ees aaeaaa Deine aes used for road- moalae: it is the 
d 


ite, quite hard, an 


quantities of fossil leaf impressions and other plant remains. 
This plant bed is of great extent and thickness; it is exposed in 


s, 
our disposal would be required to obtain a satisfactory repre- 
sentation of the material. 

Returning to Port of Spain, our next extensive collecting was 


of Mr. Robert Henderson at Veronica, where we were cordially 

received and guided by Mr. F. C. Buthn, Manager, after intro- 

duction by Mr. F. W. Urich, Entomologist of the Board of 

Agriculture. Wooded hillsides there contain many peace 

trees and shrubs; the lovely white flowers of Samyda were her 

first seen by us and Ge flat-stemmed cactus ere arons Hooker 
was in bloom, forming tre 


1138 


views are had from the higher elevations. Mr. Buthn kindly 


others from Ortinola, — similar cordial eaten had bee: 
granted by Mr. J. P. Mr. Free who well ac- 
quainted with the route, ee the Ortinola eed Aiea a brought 
Ipers 


Reserve north o: Maracas Valley and abou miles from 
the northern coast at Las Cuevas Bay ises b 00 
feet altitude, with very steep slopes. Cocoa plantations extend 
o about one half way up, but above them is unbroken forest of 
great beauty an treme interest from t 

Caura Valley is over the ded Tocuche Bridle Road, 


ur 

together on the Tocuche Road about three miles from the 
ummit, after a large fallen oe had been hes from across the 
road, erfalls in valleys 

near this pei int, the surrounding vegetation oe attractive 
natural gardens. Collections of many kinds of plan d 


e 
ae elia aed a ferns, or on the be eine the relative 


ches ut everybody 
claimed to have ae ai during the two nights of occupancy, 
disturbed only by the strong trade-wind which blew almost 
continuously. The temperature fell rapidly immediately after 


114 


sunset, reaching about 60° F. during the night, but we were 

prepared for this, and the whole experience was thoroughly 

enjoyed; no rain fell during the three days, which was pronounced 
The fi i 


urne 
to Port of Spain richly laden and the care of the large eae 
made required two full days. 

m April 7, Mr. Broadway accompanied us to the O’Meara 
Savanna such of Arima, where additional savanna herbaceous 


went to Maraval and up the Morne C On 
il 10, we visited the justly celebrated Maracas Waterfall, 
guided Williams and Miss Nettie Bain; this is 
certainly rkable and beautiful cascade, a small river 


al 
widely spreading as in most species; a tree-Solanum there is an 


118 


unusual development i in its family and the rocks and banks are 


with the large white-flowered Begonia, a large bromeliad with 
tall red branching Renee and other plants. 
A second visit was made to © Bocas telend aud the ccm 


h“M 


Bay, Monos, Nie sph an hacachacare Islands ane at eos le- 
a h 


view. n acachacare we walked up to 
at over f Steriphoma, a tree of che Caper Family, 
t La 


was conspicuous on the hillsides by its orange flowers. 
Tinta Bay, where we were hospitably received by Captain 


As one of the long-cultivated plants whose natural habitat is 
unknown, this occurrence is of considerable interest, but we 
could not satisfy ourselves that the plant is native here, as we 
saw ruins of a house nearby. 
in the Dibe Valley on April 15, pai 
the rie ye aia flowers of the Tabebuia trees, elegant and 
spicuous on the hillsides, blooming before their palmately com- 
pound leaves appear; the bitter-wood (Quassia amara) is occa- 


numerous ferns and mosses were obtained. e ncia 
forests were again explored on April 16, at points on the ne 


gams, than our first examination of them had indicated; we 


brought out specimens under 131 field numbers, and the day’s 
work was one of the most interesting of the expedition. The 
he Heath Fami 


white pais was striking an ph ‘olumnea 
with yellow flowers hung from a tree; See of the numerous 


ndy woo 

reminding us of our diminutive New Jersey uly grass, Bien 
three times as large. 

The beautiful pool and cascade of Blue Basin and surroundings 


malodorous; a fine example of one of the wild figs strangling a 
tree of another kind was seen along the path 
April 18 was given to a study of the vegetation of Mount 
mana, a steep sloped isolated hill of hard limestone near the 
he infa! 


o days were now required for the care and packing of the 


117 
Same and for herbarium studies, and our final excursion 
made with Mr. Fr 


revisited in ae to see the elusive Schizaea pennula and to find 


g 
id numbers and aggregating over 6,000 eas together 

ith years D’ by Mr. Bro adway 
and several hundred duplicates obtained in exchange from the 


proceeded later by steamer to Europe, for aie ioeeal a 
during the summer. 

The Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago has 
its head office and herbarium at the St. Clair Experiment Station 
close to the beautiful botanical gardens facing the Queen’s Park 


D 
2 
< 
Oe 
xg 
» 
[av 
Ei 
aS 
a 
a 


1818, and have been succe! mp 
tant and useful horticultural and botanical institution by Daniel 
Lockhart (1818-1846), William Purdie (1846-1857), Hermann 
Crueger (1857-1864), Henry Prestoe (1864-1886), John Hinchley 


a —I911) and since 1912 illiam G an, 
he ent Director of Agriculture he publications of the 
gardens an he De ent are extensive luable; 
our series of them was quite incomplete, but I obt: d many o 


T 
preservation, thanks largely to the unremitting care of Miss 


118 


Pauline McClean, who has been herbarium assistant for over 
thirty-two years 
Respectfully submitted, 
N. L. Britton, 
Director-in-Chief. 


SUMMER LECTURES, 1920 

Free Public Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of 
the Museum Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, paluday after- 
noons, at four o’clock, as follow: 
“A Brief pee of the New York Botanical 
mee by Dr. W. A. Murrill. 

» July ro. “Summer Wild Flowers,” by Dr. N. L. Bri 

July 17. “Spoilage of Fruits and cua Sa. ae 
poy: and pioiee, ia by} » Mei 


1] 


July 24. — State Park at Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin,” - 
Tr. . Sto 

July 31.“ jes for the Summer Garden,” by Mr. G. V. 
“ Diatoms—Plants of Beauty Seen Through a Micro- 
Dr. M. A. How 


Aug. 14. ‘‘ Through nie Philippines with a Kodak,” by Dr. 
H. A. Gleason. 
Aug.21t. “ How i. Know, Gather, and Cook the Puffballs,”’ 


y Dr. W. A. Mur: 
"Eicon of Ch August 21 and 22. : 
“A Trip to Colorado,” by Dr. F. J. Seaver 
a : ree a occupy an hour, will be illustrated by 
lantern slides and otherwise. Doors closed at 4:00; late-comers 
admitted at 4:15 


119 


HARDY WOODY PLANTS ae THE NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL GARDEN 
(Concluded) 
Lonicera dioica. GLaucous HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Viticetum. 
Natural pone Northeastern North America. 


Lonicera flava. YELLow HoNEYSUCKLE. 
ocation: Viticetum 
Natural dia abacus: pera United States. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. FRAGRANT HONEYSUCKLE. 


na. 
onicera gracilipes var. a ONE-FLOWERED HONEYSUCKLE, 
ocation: Fruticetum 
Natural distribution: rn 
ere iber bay AN Howeesceae: 
Loc: 
ae ppt mpaneeauciee and Persia. 
Lonicera j aa ee E HONEYSUCKLE. 


ocation: Vi 
Natural txt: China and Japan 
Lonicera jap . Halliana. Hae s Japanese HoneEy- 
SUCKLE 


t um. 
Lonicera .japonica var. flexuosa aureo-reticulata. GoLDEN- 
N cL 


ocation: um. 
Lonicera Koralkovii var. floribunda. KoraLkow’s Many- 
UCKLE 


kes 
Lonicera Maackii. Maack’s see SUCKLE. 


ocation ruticetum. 
Natural distribution: Northeastern Asia io central Japan. 
Lonicera Maackii var. erubescens. Maack’s PINK-FLOWERED 


ONEYSUCKLE 


Location: Fruticet tum. 


Location: 


Frut 
Natural teiton: 
Sm. 


Lonicera sane va! 
oe ation: Hane 


ae aera 
Location: Vitic 


. Maxrmowicz’s HONEYSUCKLE. 


North eastern Asi: 
ALL-FLOWERED Deca: 


apan. 
var. xanthocarpa. Morrow's YELLOw- 


hin 
ia ieee STANDISH’s N. 


cetum 
Pe ie ee Wesesn China 


SULLIVANT’S Hosnvsceaie 


121 


Natural distribution: Northeastern United States and Ontario. 
nth 


Lonicera aie mgantha. LILAc- FLOWERED: HONEYSUCELE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Natu ral distribution: Western China. 
fenicera syringantha Wolfii. Wotr’s LILACc-FLOWERED 
Hi SUCKL 
ocation: Fruticetum. 
Lonicera tatarica. SIBERIAN HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Fruticetu 


im, 
Natural fear eetes Southeastern Russia to Siberia 
Lonicera tatarica var. speciosa. PINK-FLOWERED SIBERIAN 
ONEYSUCKLE. 
cation: Fruticetum. 
Free te origin. 
Lonicera xylosteoides. BLuisH HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 


ybr 
Eadieces Xylosteum. FLy HoNEYSUCKLE. 
ocation: um. 
Natural daeaoaces: Europe and western and northern Asia, 


Diervilla. BusH HoNEYSUCKLE 


Diervilla ea BusH HONEYSUCKLE. 


ocation: Fruticetum 
Natural ene Nowneastent North America. 
Diervilla rivularis. Hairy Bush HONEYSUCKLE. 


Lo se nm: os ticetum 

Nat United States. 
pee sessil ae SESSILE-LEAVED BusH HONEYSUCKLE. 
Location: Hentiee 
Natural d 


I United States. 


Weigela. WEIGELA 


Ls has ee COREAN WEIGELA. 


ae oe quan: 


122 


Weigela Repeal MANY-FLOWERED WEIGELA. 


Location: Fru 
Natural dissinton: cee 
Weigela fi RosE WEIGELA. ; 
Location ticetum 
Natural tition Nort hern China 
Weigela florida andida. WHITE Cumvese WEIGELA. 
cation: Frut 


tice 
wis ae hybrida var. nen Carriere. WEIGELA ABEL CARRIERE. 
cation: Fruticetum 
rid. 


Weigela hybrida var. Avalanche. WEIGELA AVALANCHE. 
Location: Fruticetum 
bat se hybrida var. hae carve: WEIGELA AVANT LARGE. 
on: Fruticetum. 
Wace hybrida var. Bouquet Rose. WEIGELA BouQUET ROSE. 
Location: Fruticetum ; 
Weigela latin var. Buisson Fleur. WIEGELA BuIssON FLEUR. 


icetum. 
ida var. candida. WuxitE Hyprip WEIGELA. 


tum 

Weigela hybrida var. ‘Conquete WEIGELA CONQUETE. 
Location: Frutice 

Weigela hybrida var. Dan’ Blanche. WEIGELA DAME BLANCHE 
Location: Fruticetum 

Weigela hybrida var. Desboisii. Desgors’ WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Weigela hybrida var. Esperance. WErIGELA ESPERANCE. 


oca c : 
Weigela aan var. Eva Rathke. WeEIGELA Eva RATHKE. 


Weigela artes var. Teak de Mai. WEIGELA FLEUR DE Mal. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Floreal. WEIGELA FLOREAL. 
Location: Fruticetum 
Weigela hybrida var. Fraicheur: WEIGELA FRAICHEUR. 
ocation: Frutic 


123 


Weigela hybrida var. Glorieux. WEIGELA GLORIEUX. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Gracieux. W2EIGFLA GRACIEUX. 
Location: Fruticet 
Weigela hybrida var. eisai Mallet. Ma.iet’s WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Herione. WEIGELA HERIONE. 
Location : Fruticetu 
Weigela hybrida var. ine WEIGELA ISOLINE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Lavallei. LAvALLE’s WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Le Printemps. WEIGELA LE PRINTEMPS. 
Location: Fruticetum 
Weigela hybrida var. mrcecayer: WEIGELA MESSAGER. 
ocation: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. pees WEIGELA PERLE. 
Location: Frutic 
Weigela hybrida var. |e adlee. WEIGELA SEDUCTION. 
Location: Fruticetum. 
Weigela hybrida var. Sieboldii argenteo-variegata. SiLvER- 
GINE IGELA. 


Wa ae var. eae STELZNER’S WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Weigela hybrida var. Van Houttei. Van Hourre’s WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum 

Weigela hybrida var. Vestale. WEIGELA VESTALE. 
Location: Fruticetum. 

Weigela japonica. JAPANESE W'EIGELA. 

ocation: Fruticetum 

Natural distribution: japan and Chin 

Weigela japonica var. hortensis. a WEIGELA. 
Location: Fruticetum. 


124 


CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family 
accharis. PENCIL-TREE 
Baccharis halimifolia. PENCIL-TREE. 
ocation: Fruticetum 
atural distributi 


I United States. 
GrorcE V. NasH. 


NOTES, NEWS AND_ COMMENT 


Dr. Perley apie of oh United States Department of 
Agriculture, spent two days the Garden in May examining 
literature in the sie library ry. 


Prof. H. M. Pipaticic of Cornell University, visited the 
Garden for several days in May in continuation of his work on 
pyrenomycetous fungi 


A series of Sunday afternoon lectures was initiated at the 
Garden, April 18, as already announced in the JourNAL. 
have been well received by the Garden visitors and have pees 
‘ood audiences. 


. John toa aia Sasa web pupal has oul 
from a vacation in Flo: 
at the National ee ees D. 'C,, for North 
American Flora 


Mr. Walter B. Balch, assistant in the instruction of convales- 
cent iden: resigned his position May 31 to enter private com. 
mercial work. uring the spring, in addition to his other aude: 
Mr. Balch had been in charge of the rose garden 


Dr. J. K. Small, Head Curator, returned early in May from 
another successful collecting trip in Florida. One of the most 
interesting events of the expedition was the rediscovery of 

hododendron Chapmanii near Apalachicola, where it was origi- 
nally collected by Chapman eighty years ago. 


125 
Dr. Fred J. Seaver, Curator, spent some time in Washington 
American Flora. This genus of ies fungi is represented by 
more than 300 species in North Am 
most attractive display at the Garden during May 
f ,B 
cheepers, ine, and including almost 10,000 plants in 
over a hundred varieties. The collection occupied the beds of 
the conservatory court, and attracted thousands of visitors. 
Dr. Francis W. Pennell, Associate Curator, ee June 6 
ear! in: 
collected in Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, 
and Kentucky and made a number of interesting and important 
discoveries 


nai a clea ~The pee rainfall for the month was 
nches. re d 


30 
emperatures were 24° on the roth, 33° on the 4th, 35° on the 
and 38° on the 28th 


rading and path-making for the new iris garden in the horti- 


planting in July and will be occupied by the test garden estab- 
lished in codperation with the American Iris Society 


The annual spring inspection was held May 6. The weather 
was perfect, in marked contrast with 1919, and the number of 
visitors correspondingly large. The party aoe in turn Con- 


126 


servatory Range 1, the horticultural grounds, conservatory 
range 2, and the cherry garden, and spent the remainder of the 


time in the Museum building. Short talks were given during 
the afternoon by Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. H. A. Gleason, and 
Mr. John R. Brinley. 


The North Country Garden Club, presided over this year by 
Mrs. Beekman Winthrop, of Westbury, Long Island, made a 


field-day excursion to the York Botanical G 

afternoon of Wednesday, Ma‘ The splendid collection of 
ulips in the conservatory court, containing abo - lants 
representing I17 varieties; the new iris-gai nder construc- 


pleted; 
Japanese flowering cherries; and other special features were 
examined by the members with much interest. 


e the outdoor plantations have suffered from an unusual 


{ and h ly 
water lilies, which will later be set out in the large tanks of the 
conservatory court. 


s of two noteworthy plants have been added to the 
Dr. Sm 


conservatories from Dr, all’s Florida collections. The o 

is a century plant, Agave neglecta, heretofore in our collec- 
tions, the other t er-palm, Coccothrinax argent he 
century plant is a local species, but is much cul d for orna- 
ment in tropical Flori The specimens of the palm are parti- 
cularly interesting. They were found over one hundred miles 
nor rmer known cent distribution of the species 


of and sown by migratory birds during their northward flight. 


127 


The Nature Committee of the Good-Citizenship League 
Flushing, Long Island, consisting of about twenty ladies, arrived 
at the Garden May 17 at ten-thirty o'clock and remained all 

nning at the museum building, they first ea 


‘y 
Mansion. The afternoon was devoted to the rose garden, the 
vegetable pander: the Propesetne Seas ae out-door beds, 
the river, and the 


sete about the ie non of he museum buildin 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
Fritz Achelis, 


ent Astor, 
John W. Auchincloss, 


James B. Ford, 


Prof. W. J. Gies, 
Daniel Guggenheim, 
Murry Guggenheim, 
J. Horace Harding, 


J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Edward S. Harkness, Henry Phipps, 


Prof. R. A. Harper, F. R. Pierson, 
J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher, 
T. A. Havemeyer, Ira A. Place, 
A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
Be sae Hofiman, Charles F. Rand, 
Hen Ogden Mills Reid, 
Parniiicin, Edwin A. Richar 
Adlets Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
alter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
Prof. James F, Kemp, Prof, H. H. Rusby, 
Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
. V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, 
Dr. Albe , Morti Schiff, 
rof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert R. Shattuck, 
Adolph Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloane, 
V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, 
dgar L. Marston, James cles eyer, 
W. J. Matheson, Francis L, Stetson, 
Dr. William H. Maxwell, Maia ag 
George McAneny, ne s 
merson McMillin, Seo 
Dr. Walter Mendelson, ches G. Thom 
John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Giana 
Ogden Mills, Myles Tierney, 
Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, 
J. Pierpont Morgan, K. Vanderbilt, 
Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, 
Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, 
(Os 1D) pias H. H. Westinghouse, 
Eben E. Olco 


Bronson Winthrop, 
Prof. Henry ‘ ‘Oibora, Grenville L. Winthrop, 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 
Mrs. Robert Baco: 

Miss age Billings, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, 


Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 

Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, —_ Miss Harriette Rogers 
Mrs, soe Kissel, 
Mrs. A. A. 


Mrs, Hiei Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Sisnpien, 
Mrs, George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward. 
Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, 
Mrs. John I, Kane, 


Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsos. 
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, pe cloapelg containing 
articles of general interest. Free to all members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [No' ‘ veered in ex- 
change.) Now in its st ie ae volume. 
i Ys rorpeia in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, 
chni ticles and ni id notes of general 
interest, and an index to Sea American mycological literature. $4.00 a year; 
single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its twelfth volume. 
Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates sAPEORIE AC nied by 
popular pagiateris of flowering p thirty-two in 
each volum: a scription price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now 
in i h ae 


Bulletin of on New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual ro 
of (us Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles 
d out in the Garden. Free to = member: 
a ae See to others, "$3. 00 per volume. Now in its tenth volum 
ican Flora. rater of the wild plants of ee America, 
t Indies, snc Central America. Planned to be 


aceae. 
art 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 
+) 
ol. m, pa =), eee Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately. 
ol. and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae Noga 


ea 
4 . Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars). 
Vol. 21, part 1, 191 ie part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio- 


niaceae 
Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 
Pad Dp 


Vol. 24, part 1, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 
Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 


wa 
$1.50 per volume. To others, a oo. [Not aieed'ia 


Ls 
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 
Vol. II. ee Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development, 


by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figur 
Vol. III. aude Me as Canttertins Remains from Kreischerville, New 
York, by A. Hollick E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. 


Vol. IV. Effects a ine Rays of era ia bere by Charles Stuart Gager. 


1. Flora of the Vicini ne New York: ck Cnt to Plant Geography 
by Nanci Taylor. vi+ 083 a with 9 plates. 
Vol. Cc f the Twe ntieth nappa os 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 nee and many t 
es. 


figur 

mie he from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers Ase by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals 
n the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 


NEW YORK girs GARDEN 
nx Park, New York City 


other t! 
aie 


Vol. XXI July, 1920 No, 247 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Paca 
Report on a Recent Trip to British Guiana... 1-2 +--+ +e eee eee 129 
SORERTOUOMDAMUIAMEBOLGRI cfs sk mide wos! © nce es © so 6) me 0 ce ews 138 
Notes, News and Comment... .- +. 2 esses tere rrrerene 139 
RR re eee aia eg Bg oe: aw eo! a ae eles 143 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 4: NortH Queen Srreet, Lancaster, Pa. 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Wace Parcipenne ates pus STETSON 
TREASURER—. MERRILL 
Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Srcretary—N,. L, BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires epee: 
EWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
OLD 


N. L. BRITTON 
HENRY W. ve FOREST FRE DERIC R. NEWB! 
W. J. MATHESON . GILMAN THOMPSON 


Term expires Nosema 

PAUL D. CRAVATH PH LEWISOH 

MURRY GUGGENHEIM A PRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 
MYLES TIERNEY 


Term expires January, 1923 

EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. vg FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
F. K. STURGIS 


DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE Mayor or THE City or New Yorke 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC beg baa 
ie i oe R. A. te Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICK F. FREDERIC = ha 
DR. NICHOLA S MURRAY BUTLER HON. NNING S. 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE a OF. 7 RBERT Me. ‘RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP ROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. ae oy ae Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
Assistant PAGE or (Administration) 
of th ig 


ASON S 
DR. JOH “E oe: Head Curator 
ae A. et ae rvisor of Public Instruction 


DR. FRED one 
ROBERT S r 
PER ILSON, Associate Curator 
and Curator of psi 
UT, e Lab ries 
DR. JOHN (HENDLEY B Hoey HART, Pablecpraphet 
LOW, Librarian 
Economic Collections 


H. Bye naa pec of the 
ELIZABETH nS: BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 
nae LLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Blatt 
IAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist 
F. SCHILLING, m an 
N R. BRINLEY, Landscape 
ER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant 
Buildings Gro 


ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening aeeessirat: 


JouRNAL OF THE NEW BoTaNnicaL GARDEN PLATE 248 


Georgetown: an avenue of Saman trees (Samanea Saman), a beautiful round- 
topped shade tree much used along the streets and common in tropical cities. 
often called Rain tree and Monkey-pod 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI * July, 1920 No. 247 


REPORT ON A RECENT TRIP TO BRITISH GUIANA 
(WITH PLATES 248 AND 249) 


The trip to British Guiana was made through the codperation 
of the New York Botanica! Garden, the Gray Herbarium and 
the United States Department of Agriculture. 


Georgetown October 22. On the we 
at is stops at several of the smaller West 

Indian Islands from St. Thomas to Barbados. These stops 
enabled me to make collections of the grasses, though the ne rt 
time and the limited facilities for drying specimens did n 
permitthe collection of other families of plants. The aan 
_ St. Thomas, Oesber 11, nos. 16294 to 16320 

St. Croix, October 12, nos. 16321 to 16348 

St. Kitts, October 13, nos. 16349 to 16371 

Ic 


Barbados, October 19, nos. 16498 to 1652, 
The numbers from each island for the most part represent 
different species. The passage between the islands was usually 
129 


130 


in the night, and the landing was made by small boats, except 
at St. Thomas and St. Lucia where the steamer comes to a 
wharf. 

On these islands the irregular occurrence of introduced weedy 
grasses is of much interest. At St. Thomas, Chloris paraguayen- 


G: paraguasensis as ough not so common, C. ciliata. The 
Her @ savannas or open dry pasture lands 
was Pe ne pertusus eae wate oe Hack., called 
sour grass. e common name is somewhat confusing, as it is 
applied on ae islands to Valota es (Panicum leuco- 
phaeum) and to Paspalum pe 2a 

ies of Andropogon (A. ere and A. glo sees 
of S 


P' 
“Insulae caribaeae,”’ but in a later work the same author gives 


? Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 43. 910. 
? Grasses of the West Indies, Contr. U.S, Nat. Herb. 18: 392. 1917. 


“ 


131 


as the localities, ‘‘Lucia, Guadeloupe.” the ‘Grasses of the 
West Indies”’ it was stated that perauen pris was abundant 
id spi , Colom! 


secon es 
originally described from Senegal. On Guadeloupe it is gre-. 
garious over a large area, growing to the height of six to eight 
, feet. ' 

On Dominica there is a very creditable Botanical Garden in 
charge of Mr. Joseph Jones. The location of the Garden is 
unusually fine, being in a kind of amphitheater backed by 
steep mountain 

e only grasses of interest found on n Martinique were Ischae- 
S: former 


Our steamer stopped at St. Lucia only two hours, about an 
hour of which I was able to spend on shore. Though the time 
was short I collected 27 species of grasses. 

Barbados is so completely given over to cultivation that little 
of the original flora has survived. One finds some of the native 
plants along rocky slopes or bluffs that are unsuited to culti- 

ation. Here were found 


io1 nd the grasses Chloris orthonoton and 
niselum setosum. n resting case of errat ed dis- 
tribution found here, that of Brachiaria erucaeformis (Pani- 


cum erucaefo' rime}. In our aout of the Grasses of the West 
1 eteted 


Indiest thi. 
indies note but 


formally to the list, as there was a single specimen in the 
U. S. National Herbarium (Botanic Station Herbarium 448). 
I found it to be a common weed in fields on the island. 

Asimilar case was presented by Panicum trigonum in Trinidad, 
where I stopped on the return trip. In the account of the West 


in the list because we supposed our single specimen to be a waif 
1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 299. 1917. 


132 


bad that the species was not established. To my cee it was 
abundant in certain places in the Botanical Garde 
previous visit to the island in rgrz I had not sree aM 
specie: 

ae arriving at Georgetown I at once called on Professor J. B. 


Colony. Very e 
aid was also given me by Mr. Bodkin, Assistant Director of 
Science a Agriculture, and by Mr. Ward, Superintendent of 
the Botanical Garden. 
For about six weeks I studied the flora in the region accessible 


I arrived in the midst of an unusually ees season and was 
consequence somewhat hampered in collec a 
m the sea is a level 


3 
2 
a 
aa 
2». 
© 
ial 
o 
3 
® 
5 
a 


water (drinking water is supplied from tanks receiving roof 
drainage). 

m December 2 we went to the Penal Settlement, where 
wemained for three weeks at Colony House. The Penal a. 


arti t th t azaruni River, about 30 miles u 
the quibo It is near here that Professor Beebe has 
his laboratory he original laboratory was at Kalacoon oppo- 
site the Penal Settlement; the present laboratory is at Kartabo, 
about three miles above settl th of ¢ 
Cuyu iver, near Kyk. al, an i du 


is reached by steamer three times each week from Georgetown, 


JouRNAL OF THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARVEN PLATE 249 


Fic. 1. Entrance to the Botanical Garden, Sass The collection is rich in 
cies of pal 


Fis. 2. Dr. Hitchcock’s headquarters in Georgetown. At the left and right are 
ba trees (Delonix regia), also called Flamboyant. The small tree is Frangi- 
va). 


pani (Plamie 


133 


which is at the mouth of the Demerara River. One c: 
the way by steamer or go by rail to Parika on the ae 
River and transfer to the steame: 

The next trip was to the oe River (December 30 to January 
12). Leaving Georgetown by steamer up the Demerara River, 


trees among which one can walk Hnunpeded: _The herbaceous 


We remained two dave at “Rockstone, our “domicile being a 
comfortable resthouse. A launch runs three times a week be- 


At sees there are extensive deposits of bauxite, ; an oxide of 


e trip 
ocean the passage is very rough. The steamer leaves Tuesday, 


arrives at M lorawhanna Wednesday morning, departs from 


134 


there on Wednesday 


Thursday 


two days with Mr. King, the Commissioner of the 


short distance up the Aruka River, where I sta days ata 
restho owding the Superintenden ing 
arra ip to Yarikita on the Venezuelan border 
hich’ required three days sage s made in.a 
large rowboat, covered amidships for the comfort of passengers 
We passed up a ra: eam, th 
ruau, to its so fir: ght was spent at an Indian 
benab on the upper part of the latter stream e benab was 


g 
my specimens and in examining the herbarium at the Botanical 
arden. 

The return to New York was by the steamer ‘‘Maraval”’ of 
the Trinidad Line, which ee our days at Trinidad and a 
ew hours at Grenada. We left Georgetown February 2 and 
arrived at New York February 16. 

The following table indicates the col 
in British Guiana ; 


> 
a 


d at points 


135 


Georgetown.. ...... Oct. 24-Nov. 10 
reed-en-Hoop No 
Georgetown......... Nov. 11 
Vreed-en-Hoop.. ...Nov. 12 
Pate Mower ce Nov. 14 
Mahaica.... ....... Nov. 15 
Georgetown. ....... Nov. 1 
arika. .. Nov. 19 
New Aister ant ee Nov. 21 
Georgetown....... . Dec. 26 
Water Conservancy . Nov. 25-28 
abs Settlem: 2 4 Dees 3 
fame heen? Dec. 9 
See Settlement. .. Dec. 9 
se Estate. ....... Dec. 10 
Petes ec. IL 
aie anes . Dec. 12 
SVUCAvs ks Sess Dec. 15 
Kalacoon. ......... Dec. 16 
ismar....... . Dec. 30 
Rockstone .. Dec. 31-Jan. 1 
Tumatumari Jan. 3-5 
Potaro....... Jan. 7 8 
Rockstone.......... Jan 
Wyte shinies’ Jan. 9-10 
Mackenzie Jan. 11 
Morawhanna..... .. Jan. 14 
Issorora. ....... .. Jan. 16-17 
Portage....  ....... Jan. 19 
Yarikita.... .. 2... Jan 
Georgetown Jan. 25 


FIELD NUMBERS 


17412 


17602-17659 
17660. 


he annual rainfall at Georgetown is about 90 inches, distri- 


buted somewhat vaguely into two wet a: 
T 


nd two dry seasons. 


he mean monthly rainfall at that place (an average of 33 


years, 1880 to 1912) is as follows: 


Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. 
8.36 6.78 7.49 7.25 11.50 12.06 10.61 6.31 


Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 


3-0L 2.35 §.26 11.46 91.23 


136 


a moist climate like this the drying of botanical anes 
is ae I will therefore explain somewhat at length the 


flat wick such as is used for site and pe urchased another | in 
Georgetown. Kerosene oil can be obta I 

penetrates. e inner shee were a into the field 
collecting portfolio. The specimens were numbered and ae! 
in the usual way. B i i 


e fol 
sheets were placed in a press with single driers between at 
allowed to remain tightly str fapped iF bvelve hours: 
driers were then replaced by 
the straps drawn as tight as possible without eruchine eee cor- 
rugations. The press was then placed edgewise over an oil 


out, otherwise the crinkle in the corrugated boards 
e driers are dried sun when possible but they can 
be used even when w en dry taken 
from the press a small quantity of naphthalene is sprinkled in 
each sheet to prevent molding. e single-faced corrugated 
aper was preferred to the double faced and the sort with driers 
permanently attached as facing was found useless. Thi S 


a 
enlarged towel rack were found satisfactory for supporting is 
presses over the stoves. 


137 


At the Botanical Garden there is an excellent herbarium based 


n10: 
ly lend to a investigators for study such genera or 
families as ey be needed. 

hel - lored 

had er ms 
man, Edward Stewart, ho eens me in ihe field, did my 
cooking when away from my base, and aided me in various ways: 
i tl 


parts of the Colony, such as Roraima andthe southern savanna 


ae trapepottarion arrangem ments and a minimum ot abou 
thr Rupununi D fi G t 
therefore seemed advisable to use my limited time in suiting the 
points accessible by regular transportation. 

British Guiana has an area of about 90,000 square miles, is 
about 400 aed deep, and extends about 2 = miles along the 
coast (lat. 1°-8°, N.; long. 57°-61°, e are three coun- 
ene including the desinaze ee of the Demerara 


ch 
7 OD. 


jes 


pro 

is fairly healthy, the aback rate being about 35 per 1,000 (14. 
per I, among whites). Yellow fever is absent, but malaria 
and dysentery are prevalent. A. S. Hitcucock 


138 


THE 1920 DAHLIA BORDER 
The 1920 dahlia border, planted during the second week 2 
June, gives promise of excelling the dahlia exhibits of the pas 
wo seasons in Beauty and cent ipterst: tne pla aud sb 
ect te 


nearly 500 varieties, icp esented by 732 in tedigiuale as com- 
pared with 343 varieties, represented by 607 individuals, of the 
mai 


last year’s collecti border occupies the same posi- 

tion as during the p: easons, Ww! no 

annex of about 130 plants, including the singles, the collarettes, 
e pompons, the shows, a of other es, in the 

border at the south of the railway eee plaza. There are 

twenty~ seven contributors of-roots and plants this season, as 
Mae = announced in e detail under “ ad oe — 

f the | 


of dshliags in the United St: ates: Among ‘the new eho are 
lexander, East Bridgewater, Mass.; F. C. Burns, San 
Rafael, California; Frank D. Pelicano & Co. and R. McWhirter, 
San Francisco; Richard Vicent, Jr. & Sons, White Marsh, Md.; 
Mills & Co., Mamaroneck, N. ; N. Harold Cottam & Son, 
Vea 


and Mr . Charles u 
Hills, N. J. Among the old friends of the boniee dotable e new 
contributions have been received from W. J. Matheson, Hunting- 
; The Dahliad 


ton, : ahliadel Nurseries, Vineland, 

Broomall, Eagle Rock, California; Emily Slocombe, New Haven, 
nn.; Geo Stillman, Westerly, I.; Al Doty, New 
aven, Conn.; and C ling, West Have Br - 

all, Slocombe, Alexander, Burns, the Dahliadel Nurseries, and 

others have their best novelties for 1920, these are 


year's display, which promises to make a close approach 
exhibiting the cream of the world’s dahlias. 
MarsHatt A. Howe 


139 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


The f following visiting n the libr: rary during 
late April and May: Professors H. ee Wit a i Bailey, 
nd H. M. Fitzpatrick, Ithaca, N. Y., Mr. G. N. er, Lafa- 
te, Ind., Professors Edith M: aoe and bah ei nie 


‘ : ae 
ve V. Rand and W. W. Eggleston, Washington D.C, 
and Mr. L. H. Knoche, San Jose, Califor 


Miss Elizabeth B. Higgins, Librarian at the Bernice Pauahi 
Bishop Museum, Honololu, Hawaii, visited the library on May 4. 


r. P. A. Rydberg spent several days during May at the Gray 
Herbarium of Harvard Un eats in the preparation of manu 
script for North American Flor 


Dr. F. W. Pennell returned to the 2 Gidea June 7, after a 
six weeks’ collecting trip for plants of the Figwort and other 
families in the West Gulf States. An account of his trip will 
appear in a later number 


Miss Hester M. Rusk has been appointed Technical Assistant 
at the Garden, beginning July 5 


. E. Watson, since January 1 assistant in gardening 
instruction, has been appointed instructor in botany at Rutgers 
ollege, and discontinued his work at the Garden July 15 


r. A. B, Stout visited the New York Experiment Station at 
Geneva dite? the middle of June, in continuation of his studies 
on sterility a fertility in grapes 


. Fred J. Seaver spent several days at Pennsylvania State 
College on a mycological conacs trip in collaboration with 
Cornell University, Syracuse University, an ennsylvania 
State College. A te report of this trip will be made 
at a later date 


140 


The Wild Flower Preservation Society and the Torrey Bo- 
tanical Club held a joint meeting at the Mansion June 2. The 


His remarks were illustrated by colored lantern slides and by 
plates from his new publication on the same subject 


annual meeting of the Woman's National Farm and 
N 


e 

ne a the flowers er by 
Profes: L. H. Bailey, the distinguished iculturist and 
agriculturist, on “‘Codperation in riculture’’ concluded the 
oe This association has increased rapidly 


in numerical strength and is becoming an important influence 
in bringing the producer and consumer together 


Dr. Frank S. Collins of North Eastham, Mass., one of the 


Dr. A. B. nee In association with Prof. W. A. Setchell 


e ps one riva 0! 
the algae exsiccatae of the world. Dr. Collins contributed the 
account of the blue-green algae to Britton & Millspaugh’s 
“Bahama Flora,” now in press 

Construction work at the Garden during May and June 


included work on excavating, grading, and path-making in the 
new Iris Garden and the adjacent grounds, further work on the 


141 


herry Garden Shelter House, repairs to the brick pillars and 
retaining wall in front of the Museum, painting the boundary 
ence on Bronx Park East, and painting and repairs in Conser- 
vatory Range 


bout 150 biology pupils from Washington Irving High School, 
accompanied by their teachers, spent the forenoon of June 15 at 
G 


g 
members of the staff; after which they heard a lecture on ‘' Trees 
and examined the museum collections. 


About 400 Sed pupils from Morris High School attended a 
lecture on ‘Tre at the Gar at one o'clock on June 16, 
after which —. studied various eens ative specimens on 
the grounds under the guidance of their own teachers and mem- 
bers of the Garden staff. 


On June 17, biology it from Evander Childs High School 
visited the Garden for their regular greenhou useum 


: re 
given by Mr. Coe T. Hastings, was listened to with deep 
interest. 


Prapciighc for May.—The total precipitation for the month 
es. The maximum temperatures recorded for 
1oth, 81° on th 


and 83° on the 2 ae oe inimum tempera atic: ‘were ae on 


lo cl t their 
early July; through the remainder of that month and in August 
there are but a scattering display; from September on to the time 


142 


of killing frosts the amount of bloom will again increase. T 
winter was extremely severe on roses, hybrid teas stiffer 
almo: 


from the winter’s cold; in some instances this protection was en- 
tirely inadequate the pee winter. 


Despite the backwardness of the season, the vegetable gardens 


of the students in gardening are now (June 30) doing extremely 
Several ie of lettuce, radishes, and spinach have been 


es, and between rows of other crops. Beans and 


pods. Especially 

of the cabbage and tomatoes. Some of the celery has been 
planted in double rows, water being furnished in surface irri- 
gation between the rows. ae serious pests or diseases have ap- 
peared, but the 1 tunneled passages under many 
fine plants 


er show was held June 12th and 13thin the Museum 


that of last June, and yet fewer flowers were available. The 
Garden made a large exhibit of irises and of the flowers of trees 
and shrubs 


143 


ACCESSIONS 
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 
4 lored 1: f wild flowers. (Prepared by Mr. L. W. Brownell.) 
Ai (Coll rected fe Mr. B. F. Bush.) 


(Given by Mr. George M. ee ae 
123 specimens ee exsiccatae” Century XXI. oe the Columbia 
University Herbari 


dal Island, New York. (By exchange 


with Prof. A. H. Graves.) 
1 specimen of pcan laminata from New York. (By exchange with Dr, 
H. D. House.) : 
h Caroli (By éxchange with D: 


W. C. Coker.) 2 

1 specimen of Crepidopus ostreatus from California. (By exchange with Dr. 
A, S. Rhoads.) 

I specimen of Podexon from Cub: (By exchange with eg Hioram.) 

55 specimens of re adel mostly from New York. (By exchange 
with Dr. H. D. Hou 

1 specimen of Geis Nashii from Cuba. (By exchange with Brother 
Hioram.) . 
i fi he local fi (Collected by Mr. 


Percy Wilson.) 
. I 8 of Lentinus crinitus from Florida. (By exchange with Dr. M. S. 
Whets ne.) 
fi Pennsylvania. (By exchange with 


Prof. J. F. Adams.) 


LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM NOVEMBER 22, 1919 TO 
Y 31, 1920. 


’ 
ANDERS, Joser. Die Sirauch- und Blati-flechten Nordbéhmens. Béhm,-Leipa, 
1906. 


BalLEy, Evi STILLMAN. The sand dunes of Indians. Chicago, 1917. (Given by 
Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 

Berscu, Joser. Die Hefe und die Géhrungs-Erscheinungen. neal 1879. 7 

BiccLe, Jacon. Biggle garden book. Philadelphia, 1912. (Given by Mis. N. L: 
Britton.) 

British fern gazette. Vol. 2,3. Kendal, 1912-18. 

DT, HEINRICH. Séen und Pflanzen nach forstlicher Praxis. Ed. 5: 

Hanover, 1880. 

CHATELAIN, JEAN JACQUES. ape inaugurale de Corallorhiza. [Basileae]. 
1760. Reprint. (Given by es Ame: 

ras Orazio. Funghi del aes Parte Ic II. Basidiomiceti. Napoli, 


Cotta, ace VON. Ameisune cum Ey eldban: Ed. 9. Leipzig, 1865. 
DE VISIANI, ROBERTO. ile [ ia] 1875 


144 


EBERHARD, Coe AuGuSsT. ' Synonymisches Handworierbuch dey deutschen 
is che. Ed. 13. Leipzig, 1882. (Given by the Trustees of Columbia Uni- 

Ss re Emit Epuarp. Der gegenwartige Standpunkt der Mycologie. 
Ed. 2. Berlin, 1872. 


ELENKIN, ALEXANDER ALEXANDROWITSCH. Lichenes florae Rossiae Mediae. 


ENGLER, VicTOR. _Monooet nie dey Gattung Tilia. Breslau, 


FEISTMANTE) ‘OKAR, Pena oo ing der ee uae: 
gischen = Voki peed  Afrik 
Ferraris, T- 2i delle pi bea ile. Alba, 1913. 
ISCHER, ALFRED. gro neruane tiber die Parasiten der Saprolegnieen. Berlin, 
882. 


FLEMWELL, C. Sur lalpe fleuri. Paris, 1914. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 
GERSTNER, RICHARD. Beitvdge eur Kenntniss obligata nuerober Bacterienarten. 


GOEBEL, Kari EBERHARD. Die gree peneeneen dey Pflanzen und deren | 
teleologische Deutung. Jena, 19 
NN, TEDRICH. Flora von- 1 Dentschland und Fennoskandinavien sowie von 
Island und ‘Sprtzbergen. Lei 
Hopkins, ALBERT ALLIS. ‘ome see howe New York, 1919. (Given by 


¢ 
ow 
a 


ton. 
J giGeneat: Buen, Protist plankton of northern Norwegian fiords (winter and 
spring 1899, 1: 1900.) | Bergen 1905. 


Ma ta, N. Beitrage aur Mi it . Beriicksich- 
tigung des Yiagenaent Riga, 1919. 
AMMEN, FRA) ie Waldungen es Kénigreichs Sachsen inbezug auf Boden, 
Bestand und gue nach dem Stande des Jahres 1900. Leipzig, 1905. 

Mayer, ApDoLF. Lehrbuch der Géhrungs-Chemie ... als Anleitung in ‘die 

‘echnologie der Gihrungsewerbe. Ueidelberg, 1874. 

The ein coe grower. Vol. 1-4. Ae Icium, ahi The on grower. 
Vol. 5, 6. ‘alcium, 1918, 19. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barni 

PANTOCSEK, Jozser. A ferté. to ne Varin oe Igt2. 

PE , HIPPo: PERAGALLO, Mauri Les Diatomtes marines de 
France. rez-sur-! Loing 1897-1908 


RIETSCH, MAXIMILIEN. Paris, 1882. 
LM-REIFFERSCHEID-Dyck, JoszPH FRANZ Maria ANTON ae IGNaTz VON. 
Hortus dyckensis. Diisseldorf, 1834. 

oe SENOFONTO. Contribusioni alla flora fossile dei terreni terviarii della 

igurs arts I-4. enova, I89I. 

ee. BIOLOGIQUE D'ARCACHON. Travaux des laboratoires. Vol.. 9-11, Paris, 

06-08; Bulletin, Vol., 12-16, Bordeaux, 1909-15. (Given by ae Station 
_ oo ique d’Arcachon.) - 


4. d d coll New York 
ae (Given by the € Columbia Universi . 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, ¥ Montgomery ar Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Fritz Achelis, Edward S. Harkness, enry Phipps, 
Edward D. Adams, Prof. R. A. Harper, . R. Pierson, 
a none J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher, 
Vine T. A. Havemeyer, Ira i 
John an rea A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
George F. Baker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Charles F. Rand, 
Stephen Baker, Henry R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edmund L, Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, rof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, D ter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
. K. G, Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. Jan mes F, Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, 
ci Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Mortimer L. Schiff, 
W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert “ Shattuck, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, ae Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William tous e, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, Va aoe Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, 
C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. Marston, James Speyer, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L. Stetson 


Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. ‘Maxwell Frederick Strauss, 
F. K. Sturgis, 


aul D. Cravath, merson McMillin, Felsina § i 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Charles G. Thompso: 
Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Dhaecea 
William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, Tierney, 

James ‘ord, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffa: 
Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, anderbilt, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, 
ies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, 
Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Nort: ‘an stinghouse, 
Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Ole ronson Winthrop, 
J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry rn ‘Oakey sai? L. Winthrop. 
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. nee E. Kissel, M mes Roosevelt 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan 
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, | Mrs. ou MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry Marquand, = Mrs, W. G. Thompson 
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward. 


Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsom 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


{. Benefactors 

The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by 

gift or by bequest entitles the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 
2. Patrons 

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 
3. Fellows im Life 

The contribution of $10 more to the funds of the Garden at any 

one time shall entitle the see to a fellow for life of the Garden 
4. Fellowship Members 

Fellowship members pay £00.00 00 = more reo and become fellows 

for life when thei 


5. Senicdaee Mester 


Sustaining members pay om a 00 to te 00 Sanne and become 
fellows for life when their 


6. Rees Recker 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. 
All members are entitled to the following privileges: 


- 


. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of 


anagers. 
Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board 
T: 


2. 
of Managers. 
3. Acopy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 
4. Acopy of all annual reports and Bulletins. 
5. Acopy of the monthly Journal. 
6. Privileges of the Board Room. 


7. Life Membets 
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee 
of $250.00, 
Information 
mbers are invited to ask any questions ‘they ai to bas oe 
on eit or horticultural subjects. Docents will accom mber: 
thro ugh the grounds and buildings any week day, etn Mena Building 
at 3 o’cloc 
Form of Bequest 
T heresy bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under 
the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1894, the sum of 


Vol. XXI August, 1920 No, 248 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Pass 
Fu Mant Orchid-Miunteniienyedteeteen) ce ai fae at of) wise Uojo ays te) 8 145 
Grafting with the Aid of Paraffin .... 2... eee eee veers 157 
Notes, News and Comment... .. 2... ese eee reer eeees 159 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 4: NortH Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa. 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 


PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Vice-Presipents FRANCIS S LYNDE ST STETSON 


EDWARD 
'REASURER rie - MERRILL 
leer TREASU! ee DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcretary—N. L. B 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 
es expires pr 


N. L. BRITTON WIS UTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. ve FOREST FREDER IC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 19 
PAUL D. VATH ADOLPHL LEW ISO. 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM RANCIS LYNDE STETSON 


MYLES TIERNEY. 


Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. ve FOREST i P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K, STURGIS 


2. EX-OFFICIO eel 
THE soa OF THE CITY py Yor 
N. JOHN F. HYLA 
Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
B SCIENTIFIC Np eas 
id R. A. HA ae Chairm 


ree P, Rat F. FREDERIC = tae 
HOLA MURRAY BUTLER HON ‘ANNING S. P. 

PROF. WILLAM J. GIES PROF, HERBERT MM. "RICHARDS 

PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. bolt oe he ee eee ee 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Admi: 


wo 
& 


12 W: 01 u 

DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator 
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of Plantations 

D . B. STOUT, Director of the Lab boratories 

DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
ARAH H. HAR ibrarian 
IR. H, HERUSBY, Honorary Curator of t the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Pg tor of Mosses 

DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Cu urato of Fo. _ Plants 


ith 
‘ant 
hea J. CORBETT, Superint: tendent of puiliiege a ae Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JouRNAL OF THE NEW York BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 250 


THE ParaFFIN METHOD OF GRAFTING 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Vou. XXI August, 1920 No. 248 


FURTHER REFLECTIONS OF AN ORCHID-HUNTER 


How we should welcome a “Flora of Manhattan,” of the year 


4 
a 
5 

iI 
io 
4 
ot 
8 
fo) 
S 
5 
a 
oO. 
<a 
Oo 
w 
o, 
oO 
nu 
oO 
rt) 
3 

Ss 
Pn 
= 
oe 
oO 


: su 
and white blossoms ear eh among the deep greens of 
iage, of t 


bowed the lofty trees; and we desire even more strongly t 


1Knickerbocker’s New York, p. 90. Putnam ed. 1863. 
145 


146 


the names of the scores of other plants that crowded the wooded 


I never know; records are g; wishes and guesses 
do not take their pla he scientific imagination looks forward 
not backward; it develops theories and plans, not legends. These 
reflections ar y the conviction that our regrettable 

of definite knowledge of the plant life of Manhattan thre 
undred years ago s be a warning against present negle 


Throug’ out an area many times as great as he twenty-two 


isap’ 
are eae to oe discovered. Unless botanists of the present 


portant, are secondary ; the facts, of the presence a and prevalence 
of species, come first. The structure of all botanical knowledge, 
whose apex reaches high, rests on quadrats! 

These reflections are concerned with the orchid-flora and con- 


also ose 

spoliation, at the hands of over-enthusiastic collectors, or, in the 

vicinity of many cities, by the vandalism of children and excur- 
e the need 


w es; sO as 
the materia tor thorough study, esennar ican: inference an 
record 


147 


This plea for prompt and vigorous activity in extended in- 


mn has been very thosougnly. Soleiet Some traditional locali- 
. s for c often by collectors 
more eatesiaatlé tha prudent. Some commoner species have 


mar 
have failed to think whether we could draw from herbaria any 
sound conclusions as to the actual nei county by county, 
of the alee ges collected plan 
ome recent results of intensive exploration emphasize by 
b at may be done and what has not 


e pe was done amateurs, in the am Lake 


Peramium ophioides. In Fairlee Cypripediu 
ii - a Shia abundance on a ek eeey hillside ae 
22: 53. 1920. 


148 


hirsutum, Mill, Malaxis monophylla and Lysiella, well established 
in certain sold bogs, and Pogonia ophioglossoides locally very 


was crowned with fresh discoveries. It wa a a fae 
summer in Fairlee that Ophrys cordata was aa O. conval- 
larioides had not been observed until the year before, aie both 
of these species had been anticipated and searched for. 


are reported from Alabama and forty from os c 
numerical comparis ve no exact scientific value. They take 
no account of the inevitable differences of growth in different 
regions or of the probable effect of unknown fac he 7 


ai 
and valuable results. They do provide incentive for such definite, 
eta: study. 

of this specialized and prolonged study is emphasized, 


for native , by reflecting on some reasons y our 
orchid flora is, apparently, less fully known than, yr ex ple, 
stich genera or families like the Mints, the 
Roses ort may be me oe all stimu- 


or 
indicated by these terms. Of our nearly seventy species in the 
eastern and middle States, scarcely twelve continue to bloom, in 


149 


any one locality, during thirty days, and not more than five or 
six, chiefly Habenarias, in the inclusive sen: 


ed ins 

arietinum and Isotria verticillata the flowers develop and wither 
within about seven days, Malaxis unifolia develops slowly and 
continuously during the whole summer, but M@. monophylia has 


detecte ite as readily in fruit as in flower, s , as iparis 
Loeselii, more readily; but very many plants do not reach the 
fruiti in a given year, and, in the majority of our eastern 
species, the plant is likely to be less readily discerned after the 

rs wither, beca f the de and pearance of its 


hi 
their neighborhood. It is difficult often to detect Liparis 


150 


Loeselit or Blephariglottis lacera or Pepulariee or Malaxis unifolia, 
quently among grasses and sedges. There are only a few species 


distance, because of the size or the beauty of their flowers or 


om rounding greens. 
stature, is conspicuously beautiful in bogs, in ane spring; if it 
in mi i i am. 


texture in the leaves and a uniqueness in the whole aspect of any 
orchid that catches ~ eye of an enthusiast. 

One reason why even the more conspicuous species are not 
reported more peas is that they grow in remote or secluded 
places, difficult to approach or to explore, When these stations 

ek n hs 


dou at some species accounted rare or local might be 
in many places if they were sought for diligently. Some recent 
discoveries in New York State emphasize this reasonable expec- 
tation and indicate clearly the need of exploring even unpromis- 
ing localities. 

Moreover a single visit or a few visits at long intervals will 
not surely exhaust the Be na of a region or even of a com 
’ paratively small tract is with many ee 
with all, though it asset ee proved against them—an un- 
certain periodicity, which baffles the explorer and compels fre- 
quent and intensive scrutiny. In Johnson County, Iowa, Coral- 
lorhiza odontorhiza was common in a certain deep wood in the 


161 


Ks ~ 
year 1896; before and. since it has been rare in the same place. 
This instance is exemplary, not unique. It could be paralleled 
by many observers if they had made records. Sometimes the 
periodicity is only in regard to blossoming, as in Peramium pu- 
bescens, of which the writér knows one colony, containing more 
than two hundred plants, in which seldom as many as ten are 


climate Ae _A severe winter or a late 


Care and dilige are now in designating type speci- 
mens and in identifying those of an earlier generation iagrams 
of localities, maps indicating distribution, photographs, often in- 
cluding habitat conditions, are multiply: Card-catalogues in 
some institutions are prep serve both the present and 
utu: specimens are, too fe a talogues emphasize 
this lack, betray this city. Some eager student, fifty years 
f rom most of our present collections, no 
more satisfying answer questions about distribution, with 
its frequent implications of specific differences, than we 


ci e wi 
now to our queries about the prehistoric Flora of Manhattan! 


152 


e e a good deal of material but not enough ; a scientific 
induction needs oat available facts. Records without justifying 


n 
and B. psycodes, and learned that his private collection furnishe 
a fuller answer than he could get from the very meager posses- 
sions of the visited herbarium. 
nm years ago Mr. Oakes Ames eae his eee y of 
study 


r 
ena It is noteworthy, Boneee ane even in the National 


in the monogra was complete when it: was made. n the 


years, Liparis Loeselii is more widely represented than in one 


153 


herbarium that contains more than 100,000 species. The ex- 
planation of such regrettable lacunae is, of course, easy to find. 

ot much careful study has been given to the distribution of the 
Orchidaceae and exploring expeditions covering large areas have 
usually been conducted rapidly, with only brief pauses and with 


aces to encourage the desire for more; but in no one her- 
barium nor in all together is there adequate representation of 
the orchid flora of all the states of this country and Canada. 
1 who love our native orchids must wake up to this condition 


p 
ta 
a 
fo} 
a. 
B 
a 
a 
e 

Ko] 
a 
iS] 
4. 09 
(=) 

ii 
ion 
a 
eh 
fog 
ct 
a 
& 
3 
o 


ty es 
growin, thoug not flourishin aan are, however, surprise 
fie ; 


Flats i - fringed Habenarias. In places remote 


154 


great cities a gay of oe ae on; trees are felled, 
ickets 


d, thi ucceeds grazing ; 
the nek and dells and shady ravines and springy hillsides dis: 
nd in the changes al 


ways, too, natural causes, without waiting to ted or 
directed, join leas in aia the “disappear 
ance of our orchids 


rude peer The writer could go almost to the-spot where 
collec ai ivi d 


1 nd luxuriant. For the home of that “most com- 
mon” spe is now a cultivated farm; if you go there you fin 
ass and corn instead o eramoend. r eebe 


1 a e like a and only those who love 
nature eno e sacrifices ox time and effort win through 
to the few wild Ae left in fa dean corners of earth.” 
He was thinking of birds chiefly he protection (!) 


afforde d by trespass- signs, but his see are fatally true of 


155 
most of our nave orchids, which shrink before the breath of 


Surely there are grounds for our plea. We do not know our 


represerited even in the great herbaria; species are diminishing 
and disappearing fast. Yet there are r ds f ching ; 

e known stations for Ophrys australis in Ni e 
have been mutiplying within the last years; y 


5 
and leads to unexpected finds. easure as well as obligation 
is a in the plea for prompt and persistent prosecution of 
orchid study. 

The obligation however seems imperative and clear. Though 
species disappear, the memory of them must persist and records 
ny 


ments yu m 
flowering, hanes tiger ution, ost of these requirements imply 
the work of special enthusiasts, local observers, patiently doing 
intensive study. Institutions and curators of herbaria can help by 


156 


encouraging such personal investigations, as well as by prosecut- 
ing generous plans for exploration and exchanging. Local her- 
i done i 


orizing c est be by resident amateurs, for no locality 
tells all its secrets to the tourist; each month shows a different 
ch nd_every year has probable surprises in store th 
local and general exploration are stim urate record 

and study what has already been in logu 
state and local floras, maps and other pictorial helps stimulate 

pparent discrepancies clamor for tl H owl 

that will reconcile them. Lack of: information rouses 
curiosity ai ry. In proportion as we learn more we wish 
ni est. Need stirs us to e ffort rewards and 


rt, Ww 
feeds desire. The gracious circle completes itself again and 
ag 
Thes se reflections will seem to some to look forward to a va; 
f 


and very distant future a matter of fact that future must 
e near or it will never be reached e must prosecute our 
inquiries, collect our facts soon if at all. “Now or never” is 
literally true of orchid exploration in many places; and “Now” 

ans no ew s. As the kind of development 
i attan is paeay pushing not only the early families but 


our material promptly. We must be busier than the seats 
° 


Ty year. 

“The search for lost opportunity is endless” and unrewarded ; 
the search for some undiscovered orchid, though never finished, | 
is a perennial j , 

Herpert M. DeNnstow. 


or 
ie | 


GRAFTING WITH THE AID OF PARAFFIN? 
(WITH PLATE 250) 


The grafting of nut trees has been particularly difficult as a 
rule for two or three reasons, apparently. Repair of wounds 


hard-wood group nice adjustment between the cut surface of 
the scion and that of the stock is difficult because of the rigidity 
of the w 


various: abatacied are overcome by the method of applying 


entire scion, buds and all. This prevents e: f£ sture 
om the scion and maintains a s ension corresponding to 
that of the stock in th esence of nega 


e pre iv 

pressures. Furthermore the melted paraffin fills all of the 
interstices which would ae be occupied by decomposing 
sal 


‘The form of graft must be adapted to conditions of the stock. 


For example a branch of stock of approximately the same 
diameter as that of the scion may be split in the common cleft- 
gr a n the other hand if the branch to receive the scion 


point which will allow the cambium layers of the stock 
and scion to be brought neatly van Better than the cleft 
graft is the “bark-slot” method. slot of the width of the 
scion is made i in the bark of a iach or tr 


1Abstract of a lecture delivered at the Garden on May 29, 1920. The 
accompanying photographs were taken at ‘the time by Mr. R. Reid. 


158 


pings of raffia will suffice for small cleft grafts but for the bark 
slot the Spanish sear is ers ble. This consists of a strong 
cord tied ney about the stock where t e graft is inserted and 


of the twister is fixed in the bark of the stock with a two-point 
tack. to prevent unwindin: 
This form of fixation of the scion has several advantages. 


shoots whic! t vee of the ing of the scion 

ust be continued until the scion buds have made 
several inches of growth fter that time stock shoots may be 
allowed to develop in order to help in furnishing pabulum for 
the root for the next year’s ee A f the third year 
all stock shoots should be removed permanently and only the 
growth o: graft per ae provided the graft growth is 


large enough to balance the root. 


employment, but by means of the paraffin method it has been 


189 


possible for me to do a good deal of direct grafting experi- 


mentally, cutting scions directly from a growing tree and insert- 
ing them into a stock tree. When we employ the direct method 


five months. e methods ee are employed for grafting nut 
trees may also be used for other fruit trees. 

is brief outline covers only the essential aca in the pro- 
cess. More elaborate oe will, however, be included in a 
small book to be published at an early ae te. 

Rozert T. Morris, M.D. 
616 Mapison AVENUE, 
w York City 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 250 


Inserting a hickory scion in the bark of a hickory stock. The slot 


pressed % upon the tongué of bark in order to insure ‘petter pressure from t! 
Spanish windlass. 

Fic. 3. Spanish biti Sue and ais aia being brushed over the 
entire field of work, includin, of the 

Fic. 4. Fixation of the scion ae the use i rafa instead of the Spanish 
windlass. 

Fic. 5. An ordinary side-cleft graft. Melted paraffin is being applied as 
Stated under Fi 

Fie. A hi ckory: demonstration stock showing ordinary cleft-grafting with 
rafha Getick and ca grafting with Spanish windlass. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 
Bulletin 39, with 94 pages of text, was issued June 30, 1920. 
It contains the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief and other 
officers of the Garden for the year 1919 


160 


About seventy pupils from Curtis High School, Staten Island, 
spent the afternoon of June 25 at the Garden examining the 
museum collections and the plantations under the guidance of 
members of the staff. 


The library has recently been the recipient of a book entitled 
“Wild flowers drawn and colored from aren by Mrs. 
Badger, with an introduction by Mrs. L. H. Sigourney. This 
handsome work, in quarto, with 22 7 colored plates, is the 
gift of Mrs. Fannie Griscom Parsons 


Meterology for June. The total precipitation for the month 
was 4.04 inches. e€ maximum temperatures were as follows: 
gt° on the 3d, 93° on the rith and rsth, 88° on the 26th and 
go° on the 28th. The minimum temperatures were a on the 
sth, 6th and roth, 52° on the 19th and 58° on the 23d 


Dr. N. L. Britton, accompanied by Mrs. Britton, sailed for 
Europe August 7 on the Philadelphia. During his stay abroad 
he will visit various botanical institutions of Great Britain, 
France, and Switzerland in the interests of the Garden, particu- 
larly in furtherance of the ae developing investigation of 
the flora of northern South America. 


Bulletin 38, the fourth edition of the guide to the grounds, 
buildings and collections of the Garden, appeared June 24, 192 


It contains 125 p tiptive text, a general plan of the 
rden, and 28 full page illustrations eral important fea- 
tures have been developed since the publication of the last guide, 


e 
eng in the area of over 140 acres added to the Garden 
early ir 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
lis, 


George F. Baker, 


if al Be 


a (sonata cal 


Archer M. pee 
Adrian Iselin, 

Dr. Walter B. James, 
Walter B. Jennings, 
Otto H. Kahn, 

Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Darwin P. Eneey 
Edw. V. Z. Lane, 


P; 

Ado ih Le wisohn, 
Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 
V. Everit Macy, 

Edgar L. Marston, 


W. J. Matheson, 


Dr. William H. Maxwell, 


Pea ACS Newbold, 
C. D. Norton, 

Eben E. noe 

Prof. Henry - ‘Oahart 


Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 
F. R. Pierson, 


ING 
Hon. did S. Prall, 
Charles F, 
Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 


. H.R 
Dr. Reginald # a 
acob H, Schi 
Mortimer L. i 
Ibert R. Shattuck, 
enry A. Siebrecht, 
Wiliam Sloa 


James nies, 


Gia ae son, 
Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, 
m 


Bronson Winthrop, 
Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, Asian Armour, 
Mrs. Robert 

vg Bite Pitts 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, 
ne Charles D. Dickey, 


Mrs, Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs, Hamilton F. Kean 

Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
Mrs. A. 


Mrs, Cha i MacVest, 
Mrs. V. Everit 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Mrs, Harold I. Pratt, 


sg Cabot War 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompeoa, 
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, 
Mrs. John I. Kane, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, praca a ae ne 
notes, news, and non-technical articles of soa interest. Free to all members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a ye. eas [No 4 oe a in ex- 
change.] Now in its twenty-first volume. 

Mycologia, pecageered ae Zz color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, 
includ ing lichens; ontaini a technical articles and news and notes of general 
interest, and an index to o cu ent ‘American mycological aarp $4.00 a year; 

ale. Now . 


ay tree a, quarterly, Aiseatest exclusively to ‘colored plates ‘accompanied by 

poe descriptions of flowerin ht two in 

each Subscription price, “$10.00 a | year. (Not offered in ati Now 
ume. 


Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- 
aa results hs investigations a out in the a den. Fre ia all members 
of th eee ; to others, $3.00 per me. Now in ts tenth v. ita 

Nort! rican Flora. oe ions of the ial ene of No a America, 
inclu Nabe ane d, the Hee Indies, and bears merica. Plan’ ahs to be 
completed in 34 volumes. . 8vo. E; more 

arts. Si 


on 
3 
Ee 
B 
® 
¢ 
S 
Q 
cS) 
5 
Q 
a. 
a 
° 
2 
i 
Re 
g 


tariaceae. 
Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, asi Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 
(pars). (Parts r and 2 no lon ee sold separately. 
Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
sede 
. 10, part I, 1914; par and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae oe. 
fo) 
; I So) 
Vol. 17, part if 1900; part 2, 1912; part3, 1915. Ty; cea pane (pars). 
he 21, part 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Alllo- 


"Vol. oa, parts I aia 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 


Vol. 24, part 1, Para sedi 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). 
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 
ae. 


b Clet 
Vol. 32, part 1, 1918. Rubiaceae (pars). 
Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915} Dae ah IDG: venlenaieadyccrse s 
Memoirs of the New York B f the Garden, 
$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchan, eh 
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of A Flora of nai and the Yellowstone 
i a 


Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. a Rc to with det ed mi 
ol. II. The In ge: of Pi cae i d Development 
by D. T. MacDou vi + ses pp., with 176 Ate 
Vol. III. Stu a of mises Coniferous Remains adi Kreischerville, New 
ae Hg A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii ee pp., with 29 plates. 1909. 
Effects uF the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. 
viii ea oo ADs with 73 figures and 14 plates. ie 
Vol. V. Flora of es Vicinity of New: ork: ibuti Plant Geography 
by Nor: a Tere i + 683 pp., wil plates. 1915. 
ol. VI. Papers niet at the Caleberee of ‘the T wentieth ane a 


V 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 
figures. 


Con aque from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of pee 
papers ae by students or members i the staff, ae ae oteans pace ae 


other ee above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. 
volum 


NEW YORK pisces GARDEN 
ark, New York City 


Vol. XXI September, 1920 No, 249 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Pace 
MINOMGAL OL LOSHGACH eyshe gcse. theses tres) ee tee se nee 161 
GeorgeW. Perkins... eee ee ete ee ttt ee es 179 
Notes, News and Comment... ..- 2... eee eee ttre 179 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Ar 4x Nort Quemn Street, Lancaster, Pa. 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 
Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSO. 
Vice-Presipents | EDWARD cIS LYNDE Sse ae 


—JOHN eee 
AssIsTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcratary—N. L. BRITTON 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 


oe expires January, 1g: 
EWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 


N.L. B 
HEN. RY W. = hace FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires peiracs 1922 
PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 
MYLES TIERNEY 
Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD ae ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. pz FOREST VE MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM . K. STURGIS 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tue Mayor or THE City oF New York 
H JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PaRKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


Pilger! DIRECTORS 
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ee ene S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE PROF. RBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 


DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
ums (FI ing 
c fe 


DR. FRANCI CoP 
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator op Plat thee 
UT, Director of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN: HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
ARAH H. H ; rs vi arian 


D f Y, Honorary Curator e Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Becateve rai, of Mosses 
ARTHU rea H rator of Fossil Plants 


er 

WALT untant 
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


ay? JO JUIOd-puess ay? Woy pa}pnys aq 07 ‘szURId SupIeMoy JaqIO pure ft 5 Yd Ul 130g ‘UyETG TeSEOD ay} UI [eaTBUE yon wy 


aryl ~*Arpides arom pagmyyicu salir} [EI JaMOT BY}. OF pasn 
SBM ,, POolq,, assoymM satsads rapro 3|y? jo ee “Buryeads ‘A1e201801098 enya 120 quaoaz yo n Ayeroadsa ‘spoyed Buoy ysnoiy} pues 
Aymors ayeidtur Ayissaosau jo ysnur ‘sp3rq 4q AyUOWwWOD ‘premy}iOU YyBNoIq are Spaces asoym POI OF ear} [suas sjugid jo AuaSosd ayL 
*qSBOI |y} 0} P WW “6161 ‘or Areniqay ‘euyoreD YON IaPPHU ‘WH PdeyD WV 


1S¢ S1V1gd N@GaV4) IVOINVLOg XYOA MAN AHL Jo TyNunol 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI September, 1920 


No. 249 


IN QUEST OF LOST CACTI 
Cactus HUNTING IN THE CAROLINAS IN WINTER 
WITH PLATES 25I AND 252 
The lures of the pone historic oe of North Cc arolina 
and South Carolina pri ckly - 
pears growing there decided the writer to devote a few a 
field work to that region in the first week bruary, 1919. 


el 
His experiences and a few incidental historical observations are 
recorded on the mie oe 


some ae years ago, and since then wholly lost from ae 


es concern e ‘Opw tunoidea,” ‘ 
rthra,”’ “O aris,’ ‘‘O, frustulenia.” Specimens of these 
were exhibited by Professor Lewis R. Gi t a meeting of the 
Hiott Society of Natural History held January 15, 8, and 
formally ni and d cee in “ Proceedings" of the 
society during the sam This record was unobserved for 


e 
many years, and ee no herbarium specimens were 
mance or at — none have been eel edi 


894), a 


teacher » chroughout his long career, was a native of Charleston and professor in 

the College of Charleston for fifty-five years. He was both m ate matician and 

ublishe as a botanist 

‘as well n and wi videly recognized. His her! is now ee with 
J 


that of the ee 


a 


161 


162 


e first search! in the Charleston country. discovered three 


n February, 1916, we traced the last species in the Atlantic 
coastal cee as far north as Charleston, and last year a frag- 
mentary specimen of a prickly-pear collected on Currituck Sound, 
Hees North Carolina, by Mr. W. L. McAtee,? indicated 
the occurrence of the species in that region also. 

is latter melee! and the finding of a new locality for it 
near Charleston, South Carolina, by Miss Laura M. Bragg? 
influenced us to undertake an excursion to the coasts of the 
Carolinas mainly for the collection of prickly-pears. 

e left New York at midnight, February 1, and nate the day 
studying plant collections in Washington. The night boat from 
Washington to Norfolk brought us near the eeane of our. 

1 Described under South Carolina” in Jour- 
nal of the New York Botanical’Garden 18: 237-246. 
2 Waldo Lee McAtee (1883- ) is a native of Indiana, and a graduate of the 
ate Regtdind of that saints While still an undergraduate, he was 
curator of the university f the 
aie See Biological Survey, in which he i is eae ee He is primarily an 


ornitholo; as si as birds, Aerie, 
f Mai 


Pane : . . aan 
f 


accounts o} 
Massachusetts, Virginia, and Florida, and a number of brief notes upon various 
ARN 


y 7 


t 
af and now director, i: 


he i hueiasti b and 


College, Boston, in the class of 1906. 


th ith: f 
list of the ferns of the vicinity of Charle: h h volume of the 
American Fern Journal.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART. ; 


163 


field-work early Sunday capa The early forenoon found us at 
rolina. Sno 


was located and the use of both was secured for the rest of the 
day. 
About Snowden the weed crop of the coming season was 
beginning to appear rather prematurely, but luxuriantly, an 
the c eee fragrant honeysuckle (Lonicera lie tes ey 
was in full bloom. The few pleasant days about the tim 

this visit: or a man of several weeks of ae ten 
and Asa result of the inclement weather, 
much of the eee low country west of Currituck Sound was 


sought, tia aes There were, naturally, no flowers, 
but fruits were plenti 

efi ee of this plant in northeastern North 
eae ee the range fully three hundred and thirty 
miles north of its former known limit and brings it nearly to 


iy 
er securing our prize we started back. We had ha 
pleasant drive earlier in the day; but shortly before sunset, 


> 


164 
while returning, the wind shifted and the temperature fell to a 


painful degree. The mud-puddles and pools encountered on the 
way o i i 


ci 

wind had es be guantciss with spells of walk ng and running 
order to being Gos, ious! 

chilled. By keeping ourselves and the horse moving we reached 


aybreak found us in New Bern, North Carolina, one of the 


e is rt of entry, at the confluence the Neuse 
and the Trent Rivers, which form an estuary extending fifty 
miles to Pam It was settled o hundred 
yea S nd German immi ts, who named it for 

ern, Switzerland. later became the capital of the province 
of North Carolina, and here William Tryon, o overnors 


er 

is said to have been the finest residence in the colonies. His 
name is eee in Tryon Mountain in western North 
Carolina. This mo mee harbors at least one end 

( P. 


to 


emic pla 
t is also one of the southern localities 
te: the aorthern. jee pear peopians sat 
Subsequent to tl the Revolution, New Bern produced its only 
two resident botanists. The career of one, H. B. Croom,’ is 
l Hardy Bryan Croom (1797- Fale a wealthy ea a was bor 
County, North ee October 8, 17 He graduated at the Peaiien ne ca 
native state 1817, stu di ied law a an Wi iar Gatton, and was ea itted to 
the bar, t 


b. 


1820, 
ae 1832 he rented a plantation in eas lay 
on a west Panis of the Aalacicla pee Opposite Aspalag a, and it w in this 


h + A and by Ke-dewel f 


In i east in Leon Com 
near Talla hs of le: g his family 


n North Carlin In Aud 2837): he Puree’ the former home oa ce 


ton, South Carolina, intending to make it his uetiaaan residents 


ee the 

summer of the same is custom, to New York 
City, and in pe iG ae een in the steam- “Pa acket ation This 
been built but 


was cana ie Ocracoke Inlet, ia of Cape Haters on the second day out 
ber 9, 183 


children, and maid, 
perihed His oe personality and nay oliaments intensified the 


365 


well known. His botanical interests extended as far as we! ectern 


bears the name of Croo’ and whose only relatives occur i 
eastern Asia and Aus r. Cr was evidently the most 

ide- native botanist in the southern states during the 
earlier decades of the last cent I been recorded! that 
“Mr. Croom was an ardent lover of B d a successful 
cultivator of ie science. In his annual visits to Florida, 
availed himself of th which he enjoyed of examin- 
ing the vegetable priduetions of ot the interesting regons through 
which he passed. ... His eae Pe herborizations were con- 
ducted in the vicinity of N middle Florida, par 
ularly in the acne of Tallahassee, and along the pier heren 
River... . 

“Mr. Cro m had ceaae: a plan for extensive botanical 
Se in Flor’ 

The career of Ci : i H. Loomis? is almost unknow: 


wr. 

Although subsequent native or resident botanists failed those 
parts, succeeding generations were evidently interested in plants, 
as is evidenced by the specimens of shrubs and trees extant in 


ern. 

e more conspicuous trees in the gardens were fine old trees 

of Cunninghamia just coming into flower and old giants of the 
crape-myrtle (Lagersiroemia). On the roadsides and in vacant 
lots violets (Viola), barren-strawberry (Duchesnea), sour-grass 


, Gray, Chapman, and his other botanical friends. Besides his 
ib 


on the very threshold of an inneually pioducti ive botanical career. A mi 

Th memory of Croom and his family stands in front of the eal 
church at Talla! panini ENDLEY BARNHART. 

1 John Torrey in preface to A Catalogue of Plants, Native or Naturalized, in 


mis, une, clleho win Croom in thi 


. Shortly afterward, in or 


nae the Georgia 
that he ea fits December, 18 1 nthemum 
Loomisis Nutt. and Lysimachia er Torr., bear his name.. an OHN HENDLEY 


Bak 


166 


eens ee dandelion Boeri spurge (Chamaesyce), 
t (La we omi: Annual gras 


‘The transient botanist of Wilmington was the celebrated 
Frenchman A. R. Delile? He, however, left little or no per 
manent botanical record of his sojourn in that regio: 


. f th 
see of the southern states. In 1805-06 he visited China, and in 1817-18, South 


ighb HENDLEY BARNHART. 

« Ratfeneau-Delile aia was avnative of Versailles, France; when 
onl, ars e he w: of the eas chosen company the 
Napoleonic expedition e 2 Bot. nd was pl. in e botanic garden 
then established at Cai: From 1803 to 1805 he was French vice-consul ile 
mington; he a studied ia in New York City, receiving his 


he last 
and 


director of the b i den th He is b i works on 
he flora of Egypt.—J: H BARNHART. 


167 


The resident botanists who have contributed to the local 
pient iret were M. A. Curtis, a adler gyman who studied 
parts of the St 1, and rides pant 

o for od years was seus: with ¢ the St 

seveiieg : 

he native botanists are represented by J. F. McRee® and 
Wood.‘ Both the: were primarily physicians, but 

they have left us their record as botanists too. 
A the above-mentioned botanists, M. A. Curtis is most 


ses Ashley peli (1808-1872) husetts 
anda ane o he cl f 1827, an ‘1830 se went to Wil- 
mington, North Carolina, as a tutor, d t 
f the region, Li 
in 1835. From +1835 unt his death he was an Episcopalian clergyman, most of 
he ti in h Caroli oF ages 
for nine years, 1847-56, his bine was at Society Hill, in South His 


reputation as a a boten nist was bas see almost entirely ‘Upo nm nie work oan i pe 


2 boveaee oat: McCarthy (858-1915) was id many years a fa student be in 


, Washington, D. C., where he graduated in 
1887; when the office - ee to the North Carolina ae esenan a cenit 
Up 


y , 1888-1907, 
he was looked upon as “state hota” 0 of North Carolina, although h offi 
actually existed. a 1904 Gallaudet im the h di 


NHA! 
s born a ane North Carolina, 
and resided in or near Wilmington ce i life. ee received the de; D 


His study of botany began at an early age, _ Seapeieees tiroashoat his life. 
His advice and friendship, and the f: ere of great 
value to Curtis, who named Galactia Macreei in his honor.—JoHun HENDLEY 
clits 


as Fanning Wood (1841-1: d Wilmington, North 
iene wher he was a eieicaa ae many years. His eee education 
Medical College of Virginia at Richm 


ree of LL He was active in 
the work of the medical society, the board of health, and the board of medi 
examiners of his state, and the American Medical Association. During the Civil 
War he an assistant surgeon in the Confederate army.—JoHN HENDLEY 
BARNHART. 


168 


widely known, largely through the specimens he distributed. 
In the latter part of his career he conceived an idea the realization 
of which would have given him wider renown. However, thi 
execution of this idea fell to the lot of A. W. Chapman! who 
crystallized it in his “Flora”—a truly remarkable work when 
we stop to consider all the circumstances under which it was 


oO 


weather had been clear, but now rain set in and continued for 
three day. 

The blu wife of the inlets along the coast east of Wilmington 
were first investigated. There the crow-foot prickly-pear was 
£ d Ae 1 1 } had it el } 


Observations there concerning the flowering and fruiting of 
this plant confirmed those formerly made at Apalachicola, 
Florida. ese make clear on the one hand the reason for the 
idea prevalent ae ie inhabitants vice Ope pAise 

ndit o the effect that t 


flowers nor fruits, an Be on the other hand, thie interesting way 
the plant has developed of adapting itself to different environ- 


our experience with the crow-foot prickly-pear in North 
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, we had never 
+ Alvan Wentwort! h Chapman (1809-1899) was a 2 gradual te of Amherst College 


who went orgia a te udied me 
entered upon the practice ms his fession in aig oe more than half a 
ury hi was 


several edit: tions , was for nearly fifty years the only manual of the fl 
of th I J H BARNHART. 
Dani ing 7 i aoa graduated 


g 
in railroad engineering work ever since, and is now | oe at sib tia North 
Carolina, as Corporation Engineer of the Atlantic es Line He has always 
been interested in the botany and zoology of the regions he ae visited, or those 
where he was stationed.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART. 


JOURNAL OF THE NEW York BoTan==— 


pri Kly i iginall the c h Caro.ina, 

i a Vista, Florida. This 

ae — how the plant grows on the coastal hn ee orth Carolina to 
id: growth is rans more pause than re panne and is plants 


Florid 
are barren, perha 


mex 


dip 


Crow-foot prickly-pear in a plum-thicket near Wilmington, North Carolina. 


In this and in similar places large areas are densely carpeted with joints several 
layers deep, and the plants are very fructiferous. Although the joints are as 
loosely attached to each other as they are in the case or Plants on the dunes, the 
effectual protection from sweeping winds and 
d h which i 


g augmented by tl lati f more nutriment in the 
form of humus. 


169 


before found it fruiting in its Kile natural habitats, that 
n 


e 
sah equi “eEGn nd the species extensively and often quite 
sand-dunes, 


ro Boar It eae: — that the bor ef 
a abt 


the p l habitats is poo 
is dleaely, below that which the a could use. The plants 
are plentiful, but the joints are small, often very small, and have 
the appearance of being undernourished. In this condition 
they fail to produce flow 

In the artificially ane habitats we find a different state 
of affairs. There, where the plants are protected from the 


masses. That the plants derive more nourishment from the 
soil in the artificial habitats is evidenced by the much larger 


170 


size and healthier condition of the joints. Hence, under 
stimulus of sufficient nourishment there the plants aoe 
sexually as well as vegetatively. 

Prickly-pear fruits, or rather the seeds, are - much sought 


after by birds, in fact some birds seem to venously fond of 
them. Thus it might be argued that the birds destroy the fruits 
in the natural habitats of this plant. T be a reasonable 
a ent were it not for the fact that in localities where the 
three species, Opuntia Drum du, O. acrarthra, al 

Pollardi ine together, there is present a plenty of fruits of the 
second and third cited apes while Bowe pie is Spares) And 


further, the ae of 
accessible to a bird ¢ on account of ‘ne “decidedly less vicious 
ci 


least in size; the other woody growth is much stunted and there 
are extensive fore ith a ximum height of two or three 
f se minia ees were mostly red-bay ( oF 
yaup (Ilex vomitoria), an ahoon-holly (Ilex Cassine) 
All through these d: utive forests were the trails of s 
tive animals along and near were endless patches 


a 
sean oF these dunes was diet the tone: aout prickly-pear 
Charleston, 


South Carolina region. In this we were disappointed. 


In many places the sand of the dunes was covered with sand- 

loving mosses that had recently put forth much ne th 
s were clothed with a carpet of the partridge-ber: 

(Mitchella s). A striking Adam's needle cca) grew 

dunes. It had stiff spatulate leaves, but 

it was neither in flower no: it. This region is outside of the 

hitherto known graphic range of th his 


it very likely represents"an undescribed species. In sheltered 


171 


the ebony-spleenwort (Aspen enti grew 
tall es. ithe: 


ds, 
d finding a congenial habitat, eee plat net only perpetuated 

itself, but it appears to . The maritime 

environment has produced a different iociae plant fe the 


2 
=| 


areas of marsh that ee m later would be covered 
with the blossoms of the celebrated Venus fly-trap (Dionaea) 
This interesting plant is often reporte the verge of 
extermination; but it is still plentiful about Wilmington, and 
w lately received re f extensive areas of it abou 
aes nee s inland. es of the inte and native plants 
t Wilmington 


In addition the biuets oe minima) were Powering in tie 
low woods east of the 

combination of circumstances defeated our plan to stop at 
ae South Carolina, so we went from Wilmington to 


J r Georgetown, South Carolina. I cending 
habit, one and a half to two feet high, with long, nearly spineless 
t on sand hillocks amid rs to} 
localities kno Cedar Island and Murphy’s Is : ii 
record clearly indicates Opuntia macrarthra of Gibbes, heretofore 
own o e vicinity of Charleston. 
In Charleston we were brought face to face with ne ain 


task of our trip, namely, the rediscovery of Gibbe: nee 
tunoidea. Wh hile at Charleston we had the facilities of the 


172 


Charleston Museum, through the kindness of Professor P- 
Rea,! the Director, and Miss Laura Curator of 
bes Taste aon; hgucaaped artenged for all “the fiel aq work, 


was that of g 
eae -pear located by Miss Bragg a year ago. SO Sbiecuve 
lay about thirty miles southwest of Charleston. A well-nigh 
impossible road separated us from our goal; but we made the 
attempt and accomplished our errand. We have participated in 
some exciting motor trips in peninsular Florida and elsewhere, 


g ed tal € 
ie safely or ditching the car. Fortunately, we came out all 
We do not know ohne t was buried under the mud, but 
es the car would strike objects that would throw it out of the 


ties of the ride, and payor once were we Dunes so deen! in the mu 

that we had to call on ly nearby S in-gang to 

come with shovels and dig the car out! However, t the severity 
of f 


a (1878— )d 

essor of biology in the Colleg ge ou Charleston from 1903 to 1914, and 
pte ot a pe a physiology in the Mee College of cen Carolina 
fro! Williams College. 
i Wi ie iams, and 
a field assistant in the Bureau of Forestry. He was one of the ies of the 
American Association of nd as such the of its 
Proceedings, the association jn ae current 

year, 1919-20.— JOHN Henpiny BARNHART. 


173 
and by the time we reached Rockville the laces of her shoes were 
untied! 


as is located on the southernmost point of Johns Island. 
It lies on a small promontory on the North Edisto River facing 


furnish the rocks to break the monotonous environment, whic 
is made up of sand and water. 
en we alighted from the motor-car, the reward of the 
strenuous ride was before us, and the last mystery of the Gibbes 
alae of i vias pears was solve 
out to the shor re and jee. with our backs toward 
vi 


that without either flowe its it is indistinguishable 
It represents Gibbes' Opuntia tunoidea, w! 
collected for a period of sixty-odd years. The flowers and fruits 


have yet to be seen, and must be secured before its real specific 
relationship can be determined. 

The largest plant, erowine asa sraicgnt pusl about ten feet 
in diameter, had been for by the building 
of a house on the site. The disarficulated remains were scattered 
widely over the lawn-like dune an ey were, naturally, taking 

he 1 i ing near the tide 


an 
trees near the crest of the low dune. In the case of Jarger plants, 
joints up to eighteen inches or m eir 
armament was just like that of ‘Dillent s prickly-pear of Florida 
and the West Indies. 
After securing enough s: specimens for growing in the cactus 
Buena ‘a 


a 
regretfully began our homeward journey; not that we regretted 
leaving Rockville, but what we looked forward to on the motor 


174 


trip before us. We did not feel safe until we had cama ies 
charged the last sea of mud just outside of Charleston. Fortu- 
nately for us and also the cause of Cactus, we ark the return 
without any casualtie 
The following aye was devoted to the eastern end of James 
Island in the vicinity of the Quarantine Station, through the 
of the e, Dr. H. M. Manning. 


courtesy cer-in-Charge, Dr. annin: 
ckly-pears were abundant on the sa ne t 
of the islan he large one we collected at Rockville, however, 


grew promiscuously all over the dunes. They are: Opuntia 


touched, apparently on account of their being more copiously 
spine-armed. 
i -pears thus support animal life in several ways. 


being eaten by rodents. The tubers, which are borne in great 
quantities by some jaa would doubtless furnish a starch 
which would be useful to man. 

1 Herbert Miller Manning (1878- } is a graduate of the medical school of 
Columbian (row George Washington) University, of the a oe 1900. ae 1903 


health officer has been stationed at various oe in Hewett and the EMDPes: 
tt New York, at New Orleans, at Key We: 


ton, 
now in n charge as the marine hospital at Lene baad has been OE 


175 


The same cultivated plants and weeds found blooming at 
New Bern were also observed at Charleston. The old brick 
d d 


he former was the more common of the two. It is called the 
Huguenot-fern because of a tradition that it was brought t 
lina h wi 


th Caro by the Huguenots. H er, there little 
to support this tradition! A favorite 

tradition revalent in the same region is common. 
believed that the little Japanese bush-clover (Lespedeza striata) 
was intro d int uth Caroli do he es 
luring the il Wa riod; but it is really ki n 
thoroughly naturalized, at least in Georgia, a a of a 


e first definite record of the Hu arr Ne ern in the United 
States was its discovery on brick foundations in 1868 by Pro- 
fessor Lewis R. Gibbes. Since then it has taken possession of 


hide the bricks ever, it was not common there this year, 
fe extreme cold weather of the winter of 1918 had wholly 
or partly killed the wth on man Ils wh once was 


The other ae: fern, the native ebony-spleenwort, grew 
less erred an its associate. However, on first thought, 
one w acs it Asplenium platyneuron, the artificial 
ae ae encouraging a quite abnormal habit of growth 
and size. Compared with specimens of the same species we 
found at the coast-region of Wilmington, Neri Carolina, in a 
natural habitat, the differences were quite marked, not to say 
misleading. 


hie vl. L. M. Bragg, in Bulleti the Charl, 


Museum 10: 19-21, 1914. 


176 


Having accomplished the objects of our visit to Charleston, 
set out for the final objective in the Carolinas, namely, 
ina. O: n. ft C 


a orat or . Cc. 
Coker! a cee ersity. The following day found the writer 
back in York and at the Garden, and curiously enough in a 
milder climate than that of the then frigid South 


Tosum up: The presence of th I ickly-pear (Opu 
Pollardt) o nee dunes of Currituck Sound, northeastern North 


puntia D. 
been found as far north as Okracoke Island in Pamlico Sound, 
North Carolina, is to be expected on the sand-dunes in Virginia 
south of Cape Henry, if not north of Cape Charles. 
However, the most Sra result of the excursion was 


(1872— 

Carolina, where he has been professor of botany since 1902. e had received his 

degree as doctor of philosophy at the Johns Hopkins Universi the preceding 
ear, and spent the interval in ae at ue nn. <Brofess rey rCo ker is a member of 


ieti 

ature. He was ae of te eet ie Academy of Science in 1909, and 
as been editor of the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society for more 

than fifteen pes a ENDLEY BARNHART. 


177 


the clearing up of the last mystery in connection with the species 
of O. 


ions 
In the paper referred to, Professor L. R. Gibbes describes 


Taking them up in the order recorded by Gi a 
“The first, which we will call ntia tunoidea, falls under 
Engelmann’s subgenus Platopuntia, section Grandes, is erect, 


be separated from the tropical ones Dillenit. 
“The si i 


and three inches wide, one third of an inch thick 
i ha 


gion. S 
spineless prickly-pears, odd plants or individual joints may 
times e i 


e third species is Opu ntia vulgaris, the oi ies 
of Elliott, and othe eT8, common th ‘ou ughout the State.”—This 


in 
now known ange a northeastern North Carolina to 
southern Micon: The species it was long confused with— 
puntia Opuntia—is confined to the mountains and to the 
Piedmont region. 


lq lof the Ne i 4 


J ] 18: 243, 244. 1917. 


178 


“The fourth, which we will call Opuntia frustulenta, probably 
elm of the sam 


range along the coastal sand-dunes and the immediate vicinity 
from North Carolina to western Florida, and perhaps into 
labama. 
Our experiences in the Carolinas suggest the possibilities of 
the extension of the geographical | ra: nges of some of the typically 


adjacent Piedmont plateau 
Joun K. SMALL 


179 
GEORGE W. PERKINS 


George W. Perkins, a member of the Board of Managers of 
th ‘w York Botanical Garden since 1900, died, after a brief 
illness, on Alaa 18, 1920. 

Mr. ‘kins was greatly interested in parks and gardens and 
he was a ce er of plants. He frequently visited the New York 
Botanical Garden and contributed liber rally to all special funds 
, 7 : : 


or construction and developm advice many subjec 
has been valuable to the institution. In mt years, t 
for public service has tl n given to the establishment 
and development of the great Interstate Palisades Park in New 
York and New Jersey, a splendid monument to his indefatigable 
= and ae i t 

Resolved: s associates in the management of the New 


this preamble and resolution be entered upon their minutes, 
ee in the Heat ag of the Garden, and that a copy be sent 
‘o his bereaved family. 
Approved by the Executive Committee, fed 22, 1920. 
N. L. Britton, 
Secretary 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 
Dr. Mario Calvino, of the Agricultural Experiment Station, 
Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, visited the Garden August 11 
enroute to Eur 
Professor Charles J. Chamberlain, of the University of Chicago, 
paid a visit to the Garden August 11 on his way to the meeting 


e 

where Bee is to deliver an invitation address on the subject of 

“ 
ycads. 


Dr. W. A. Murrill visited Hollins College, near Roanoke, 
Virginia, on July and August 1, where he was invited to 
several parl ae on popular botanical and fe eattaral 


180 


. V. Rand and H. E. Thomas, former students of the Garden, 
received ee degree of Ph.D. from Columbia University at its 
commencement last spring. 


out sixty pupils in the summer school of Columbia Uni- 

versity, a y Mr. L. W. Crawford, Jr., visited the 
Garden on the afternoon of August 9 and were shown through 
portions of the grounds and buildings by Dr. Barnhart, Dr. 
Seaver, Dr. peat and other members of the Garden Staff. 


set of western American mistletoes—specimens of Razy- 
eae and Phoradendron—distributed by Professor James 
R. Weir has been incorporated in the herbarium 


A gift of several dozen specimens representing the commercial 
varnish resins brought together by Messrs. Nobles and Hoare 
of London, has been received for the Economic Collections from 
Messrs. Pomeroy and Fischer of New York. 


A collection of nearly five hundred specimens of flowering 
plants from southern Oregon and Mt. Jefferson, California, made 
by Professor M. E. Peck, has been added to the herbarium. 


any readers of the JouRNaL will be interested in the new 
quarterly magazine Ecology, the official organ of the Ecological 
Society of America. Dignified in BOD arenes and authonistive 
in tone, the ma: ill 
in the ee, aa ‘of both animals and plants. 


Sear os July: The total precipitation at the Garden 
the 3.68 inches. The maximu: 


were 56° on the 6th, 54° on the 17th, 51° on ae 26th, and 54° on 
the 27th 


ee 1h 


a 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, : bay aks Hare, Chas. a Pack, 
ritz Achelis, ard S. Harkness, Henry Phip 

Edward D, Adams, zi R. A. Harper, F Plerson, 

Charles B, Alexander, J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher, 

Vincen' or, T. A. Havemeyer, Ira lace, 

John W. Auchincloss, A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall 

George F. Baker, Bernhard oe Charles F. Rand, 

“as aaah Henry R. Hoy gden Mills Reid, 


und L, Bay’ Archer M. Palio Edwin A. Richard, 
tet ‘hades “A eae Adrian ee - 


Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, - Walter B. Jam John D. Rockefeller, 
C.K. G. Billings, Ris B.J ining William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, . Emlen pea: 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. foie H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Mortimer L. Schiff, 
W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert R. Shattuck, 
Prof. C, F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloane, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, 
C.A. \ dgar L. Marston, ames Speyer, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L, Stetson, 
Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. Maxwell, Frederick Strauss, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, George McAneny, F. K. Sturgis, 
Paul D. Cravath, Emerson MeMillin, B. B. Thayer, 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Charles G. Thompson, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, 
William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, yles Tierney, 
James B. For n. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffan 
enry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, W. K. Vanderbilt, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. burg, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, 
Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Nort shi H. Westinghouse, 
urry Guggenheim, Eben E. Ole Bronson Winthrop, 
J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry - "Osborn, Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. aaa Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I, Prat 
ean, 


Mrs. rt Bacon Mrs. Hamilton F. Ki Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss = ane Billings, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs, James Roosevelt, 
Mrs . Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, rs. Benson loan, 
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. oe AseVenah Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Ts. Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, M ae raat) Mrs. W. G. Thompso, 


Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward. 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxilia 


Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson, 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F.K.S 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


J. Benefactors 
The ea o $25, 000.00 ees more to the funds of the Garden by 
gift or by b to be a benefactor of the Garden, 


2. Patrons 
The conten oF $5000. 00 or amare ey the funds of the Garden _ gift 
or by bequ o be a patron of the Garden 
3. Fellows for Life 
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the pi eee to be a fellow for life of the Garden, 
4, Fellowship Members 


Fellowship members pay $100.00 Pe more ‘ecar es and become fellows 
for life when their p 


5. Seay Members 


Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to aca poms and become 
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1,000. 


6. Annual Members 


Annual members Sh an annual fee of $10.00. 


d to the following privileges: 
Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of 


_ 


» 


anager 
vain to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board 
of Man 


x copy of all fandtcnee published by mt Garden. 
A copy of all annual reports and Bullet 

copy of the monthly Journal. 
Privileges of the Board Room. 


7. Life Members 


Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee 
of $250.00. 


Sear See) 


Information 
mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire i oe pei 
on folaical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompa: mber. 
throu gh the oe and buildings any week day, leaving Moe Building 
at 3 o’cloc 
Form of Bequest 


I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under 
the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 189, the sum of 


Vol. XXI October, 1920 No. 250 


JOURWAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Notes on the History of the Bearded Iris... 2 - - + +e ee errs 181 
Botanizing at Blacksburg, Virginia. ,...+--++++sses Par ea 
Notes, News and Comment... +--+. sess eee errr 193 
PACCERBIOTIN Th ict ies etic abe eokelt eke b aVatite ster resWalevtediepateuny my nek ey teulss oa) .9) ca 196 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Ar 4x Nortw Quexn Steet, Lancastse, Pa, 


Tue New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 


Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON nh 
c sha ciele LYNDE STETSON . 

Vicu-PREsIDENTS E RD D. ADAMS 

TREASURER—JOHN L. heen LL 

Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 

Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1921 


N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY’ W. bE FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires rexel 1922 
PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 


MYLES TIERNEY 


Term expires rae 1923 


EDWARD D. cece ahs SEE 
ROBERT W. pz FOREST } Go 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM Baie ianeGis 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tuer Mayor oF THE City or New York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. ea ee Logon ais 
a ears RPER, Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICKNE OF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS URRAY BUTLER eae ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN kK oa Head wan of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
MURRIL Su i 


pervisor of Public Instruction 
oF RYDB R Curator (Flowering Plants 
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, ir werless Plants) 
DR. FRED J SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Pl 
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative A t 
WILSON, Associate Curator 
RANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Cur 
ic ae ae: Head Gardener and Lakh of Panton 


OUT, Director of th ato 
wh OH HENDLEY BA RNHART, "Bibliogropher 
AH H. HARLO nm 
R. H. H. RUSB cg st Curator ay Hi Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, ead Curator of hier Plants 
ce Ww ; su 


EC “Clee 
onteare ; wei BETT, Superintendent Buil sige cy Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI Octoker, 1920 No. 250 


NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE BEARDED IRIS 


hack Hick 


on this ines eubjet, and it will be part of the ne of 
t Soc! 


into a complete history. In the meantime, however, some pre- , 
liminary notes of what we have already discovered may not be 
out of place. 

Bearded Irises are native to Central and Southern Europe 


Bulgaria, Palestine and Mesopotamia. Wi rms as generall 
kno warf species of Iris of the Alps, represented best 
by pumila. e forms of germanica which are 1 ive to 


3 
5 
3 
< 
a4 
° 
3 
3g 
A 
ing 
om 
€ 
a 
= 
8 
S. 
24 
a 
= 
a 
2} 
<a 
x 
= 
9 
it 
os 
@ 
=] 
tory 


ente: 
Austria, ef the wi i from net sia ‘Ming, such as trojana, 
w ese 


hen th 


Ricardt cypriana 


varieties were first cultivated by man, but it is known that one 


dozen or a dozen wild forms were offered. It is evident that 


and Salted, began their work and produced quite a number of 
181 


182 


new forms of Iris as of many colors. These Irises were all the 
progeny 7 ve eee pallida and variegata, and they combined 
e six sections, hits pen 

ese six rou were 


own int 
amoena, neal Diceia: ae squalens. 
until recently considered all species, but it has now been proven 
al S i 


ized Intermediate types between them and used these for their 
breeding. We have at present no record of just what these three 
men did, and the first record we do have of any named varieties 


from the garden, but among them was the well-known variety 
me. Chereau. 
Following 1855 we have again a lapse of twelve years about 
H 


and named there, were on their arrival in England renamed w 
ae names, so that we cannot tell for certain to-day viene 
the many varieties bearing English names are all of them of 
English origin. 

Peter Barr was one of the first to import varieties of Iris 
from the Continent and to give them English names, but he also 


183 


named many of his own seedlings. We have at the present time 


no exact records to show which are which. ut such varie- 
ties as Albert 3 Celeste, i Jane, Albatross, Cottage 
Maid, Perfection, Dr. ice, and others, are supposed to repre- 


in 1905 by the American pioneer a bao: ertrand H. Farr, 
missing, which really laid th the 5 
interest in Iris. This collection and 

before 1905 represented only the ate of two species, pallida 
ae vartegala. 

is breeders, however, were not long content to work with 

Pe Bae only. Sir Michael ae to whom the English 
refer e “Father of Iris,” began in the 80’s to collect Iris 
eae a Iris forms from all parts of the world, and to use 
them for breeding. His most eel he was ee 
the crossing of the Bearded I e difficult 
to grow in England and almost impossible to grow in he eastern 
portion of the United States. The re: sulting crosses are veils 
because they flourish in England and can b 
or less success. Some ‘ot them are © exquisitely beautiful in their 
deep cop) 1 which they have inherited 
from oe On mcocyclus parent and which are not to be seen in the 
Bearded Iris proper. Among the best of ee varieties are 


hi America 


larger flower than pallida, and, instead of ares the stiff stems 


main stem on gracefu ae ie The five 


¢ 
i=] 
¢. 
° 
i} 
= 
e. 
° 
zs 
cal 
oO 
t=] 
Qa 
oO 
ca 
w 
o 
im 
o 
tal 
2 
ot. 
ian 
oO 
ta 
un 
i= 
77) 
oO 
i 
Ko) 
¢. 
So 
lo} 
o 
ie} 
+ 
5 
° 
o 


seasons, and it is evident that we must use them for breeding 


184 


rather than as permanent garden plants, for in our Northern 
gardens extreme vigor is the most important quality. Sir 
a ian r i 


the status of some of the collected forms which he used in his 
reeding. 
Inspired by Sir Michael Foster’s work, Caparne on the Island 


Jhave disappeared from oo but a among them are ihe 


interesting fact ote here is that Caparne sold a large 
collection of these Intermediates probably about 1900, or later, 
oeneman, of Niederwallaf, Germany. about 

s firm tt erica a set of Intermediates, including 

Fritjof, Halfdan, Helge, Ingeborg, and Vhalla, ich were 
ntroduce re by Dreer and by Farr, and have become very 
popular. Whether these are actual Caparne varieties renamed, 
or seediin f them, is not known, but anyone who grows the 


two sets side by side will be struck by the fact that they are in 
their characteristics as like as two peas in a pod. I do not wish 


185 


to say that Goos & Koeneman sent these out with any intention 

of sora for it was their full right to buy unnamed seedlings 
m Caparne and to m, but the fact remains that in 

ee they are given ae seal of introducing an Intermediate 

race, a credit which rightfully belo ie to Caparne. While 
i $s & Koeneman I m 


famous, among these being such varieties as Iris King, Rhein 


F rele 
he only other breeders ee note in this early period of which 
we ae pecan at presen! are Verdier, in aoe whose earlict 
t to merce, 0 
in America, but who is pests as the varieties which were intro- 


Ve come now to meee may be known as the modern breeders, 
Il of whom owe their inspiration to Sir Michael Foster, and who 


d f : 
thousands of seedlings are being tested yearly. The Vilmorin 
Nurseries are not far from Paris, and near them is located the 


186 


firm of Cayeux & LeClerc, which, like Reuthe, have sent out 
number of varieties which a almost entirely ee 
i t 


au 
very —_ oe purple ne whic h he will eerily become as 


rope. is other varieties 
are not small, the best of them being Cas Bianca, Ivanhoe 
ot. ese hav 


Atlas, Romeo and Colonel Candel The bee tro- 
duced within the last ten year are quite well known in 
Europe, but apparently not in this countr At the south of 
FE is eede s done a great work i 
raising Irises for his cli enis lives near the town 


mate. Pa 
of Cette on the Mediterranean, and he found over 30 years asd 


with very large flowers of a poor ie 
has been able to co e its size with orm and the 
coloring of the standard varieties, and climate he has 
roduced what might almost be called miraculous results, for his 
varieties are twice as big as the standard va is unfor- 
ate, however, that this Ricardi parentage brings wit a 
trace of tenderness or lack of vigor, so that some of these varieties 


p by the 
the plants weaken and die. Ole: varieties of his, however, 


187 


which apparently haye as much Ricardi parentage, flourish in 
Paris and in England, and appear to do well in this country, 


twilight 
In England the seedlings of Yeld have lately taken on consider- 

able importance, and they have been very much admired in this 
country. — chavactonstie of all his ened their extreme 
igor, whick y the gardener who has struggled 
with some of Sir ‘Michael Foren: s seedlings or some of the Denis 
Ricardi seedlings. Lord of June is one of the most beautiful of 

i and r 


Col chester, who himself is also growing a number of eeallings of 
great pro’ 
The piciean English breeder of modern times is Mr. 
Bliss of Morwellham, Tavistock, Devon. He has been breeding 
s for 20-years, first. for the scientific purpose of determining 
the aay ae of our eee garden varieties, with results 
the belief of Mr. W. R. Dykes that but 


+ 


188 


two species, pallid d t ble for all varieties 


in gulavacen before 1890 or 1900. Dante the past ten years, 
however, Mr. Bliss has been endeavoring to produce new and 


breeders he has not stuck to one as and aan merely one 

type of flower, i has ae all the types of Iris flowers. 

f the s raised about 70 have been retained 

for further testing, and with these a dozen or twenty have been 
d to i 


Irises, and is now advancing with considerable certainty toward 
sas eters oals. 

of ae Irises of European breeders noted above have been 
Bae in their native countries , but it is always a question 


an taken on faith on their European performances. We have 


189 


fortunately in this country a large number of persons who are 
breeding Irises Ripa ae and from them we can expect a 
ey 


dozen more, will be grown in American gardens for many years 
to come. 
The most scientific work of breeding Iris in this country has 
is ly F 


y 
years to come and will bring her increasing fame as they become 
known over this s country and Europe. 

The only other large producer of American seedlings is Mr. 
W. E. Fryer, of Mantorville, Minnesota, who has produced 


to them; and therefore it would not appear that most of them 
and therefore it would not appear that most of the are worth 


190 


cultivating in the climate of the Eastern United States or Europe; 
ut it may be that in the cold Central and Northern States they 


best European Irises have felt certain in their own minds that 
Mr. Fryer had not seen the best of the modern European varieties 
ead he named so many of his seedlings. 

would not be right to finish this short sketch without men- 


rison, of be aay Mr. E. M. Andrews, of Boulder, Colorado; 

Mr. William Mohr, of Mt. Eden, California; Mrs. C. S. McKin- 

ney, of Madison, — Jersey, A. P. Saunders, Mrs. Cleveland 

and any oes are iprodueine seedlings that i ina - years are 

certain t and we can only wai 

until it is posible for us to secure these and a theme in our 
d 


gardens. 

A brief sketch such as this can merely call attention to the 
three points; first, the very small knowledge we have of the 
early breeders, which knowledge we hope may shortly be 
increased by the research of our European friends; second, th 


oO 


ct 
> 
i 
a. 
© 
< 
oa 
6 
> 
® 
[on 
ct 
° 
2: 
as) 
ch 
a 
® 
5 
oo 
inn 
o 
4 
x 
ie} 
5 
= 
2 
=i 
for 


present and future to give us distinct and unheard of advances 


191 


during the next ten or twenty years.’ From what I have seen and 
heard I feel convinced that we are just on the threshold of very 
great improvement of this beautiful flower. 

Joun C. WISTER. 


BOTANIZING AT BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 


uring a vacation period of two weeks spent at Blacksburg, 


od, although 
eet 


Hexagona pees was found in abundance in Broce’s 


ly, lant in the same e E 10. 
large bracket-fungus attacking especially the white oak, but 
icko ed maple, etc. Its nearest relative, 


Ss 
3 
a 
e 
S > 
Ow 
cod 
3 
° 
5 
o 
=] 
Ams 
> 
o 


so com North, is very rare at 
Bindi: rg. Hydnum erinaceum was found in a decayed spot 
on the trunk of a living hickory. 

Interesting observations were made on the food of the common 
ox tortoise, which is abundant in that locality. As long as 


192 


Vaginata vaginata, a common mushroom growing on the ground 


in woods, was plentiful, the tortoise seemed to eat hing 
else ussula virescens was his sec choice irrels carried 
mushrooms S trees, but the tortoise devou 
in place, stem and all, leaving characteristic ‘‘chips” as proof of 
his presence. 
A man came to me July 25 and asked me to look at a ‘‘gum 
h acorns on it.” It proved to be the shingle oak, Quercus 


tree wit 
imbricaria, ae only specimen I know in the vicinity of Blacks- 


we July 27, I went to Brush Mountain and found the flora on 
the Se ice shales and sandstones quite different from 
r cksb Tr 


The blossoms are five-parted, creamy-white with purple center, 


any relief. Potassium permanganate was also tried without 


c 

f water and the solution prepared fresh every twelve 

hours, the sores that were bathed in the liquid disappeared in a 
few days. 

In connection with the subject of poisons, I might mention an 


the fly agaric. Some one has stated that flies are often only 
stupefied for a time by sucking certain mushroom juices and 


193 


that they afterwards come to life and fly awa By variou 
ermine: 


here were I10 boys and 48 girls in attendance, in addition to a 
hundred or more from the immediate vicinity 
. A. MURRILL 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


The following visiting botanists have registered in the library 
summer: Professor H. st an 


during the oO 5 y, 

P Ricker, Mr. G. F. Gravatt, Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. B. O. 
Dodge r, e per and 
Mr. Walter Swingle, Washingt D. C., Professors Melvin R. 
Gilmore and Norma E. Pfeiffer, North Dakota, Professors L. H 
Bailey, H. M. Fitzpatrick and Mr. H. E. Stork, Ithaca, N. Y., 

r J. Pessin, Baltimore, Md., Professors John W. Harsh- 
berger and class and Dr. John Pennypacker, University of 

ennsylvania, Profes . AL vler, Decatur, ; 
Jackson, Lafayette, Ind., Charles J. Chamberlin, Chicago, IIl., 
Al aven ; i akima, 


Mr. A r 
Mani, Philippine Is., Mr. Joseph ock, Honolulu, Hawaii, 
efior L. Rodriguez, Paris, France aad Professor F. S. Earle 


A. Murrill represented the Garden at the second 


from various countries. A general account of this important 


194 
meeting will appear in a futuré number of the JourNAL, and 
a more technical paper will be prepared for the January num- 
olog 


ber of Myce 


. Murrill addressed the members of the Garden Club of 
di 


eye rose mallow, often scattered among the others, may be 
readily distinguished by their white flowers, with crimson center, 
and their long-pointed fruit-pods 


Duplicate specimens of marine algae to the number of 3,406, 
chiefly West Indian and more particularly Bahamian, were dis- 
tributed during ne month of June. They were anade up in 
twenty re sent to vari the United 


Sire and me eo to those in which studies of the 
marine algae are being carried on and with which exchange rela- 
tions have ae established ‘ 


rogress was made throughout the summer in the pre 
e 


a 
in May and affords fine views of this plantation, most attractive 
in June during the pericd of maximum bloo 


195 


Mr. Kunihiko Okura, president of the Okura Paper Company, 
of Tokio, Japan, recently presented the museum with a number 
made “ Papi T 


of articles r-Silk.” The Papier-Silk is a sub 
stitute for real silk. The material is made by using natural silk 
for warp and silk paper yarn for w hi aper yarn 
ained from a native Japanese known as Edgeworthia 
papyrifera which is now extensively cultivated on the mountai 
slopes of Japan and used for pa [p and yarn. In making 


Japan. It is only recently that an ee has been made to 
commercialize and popularize the industry. 

Dr. Jonathan Dwigt it he foll 
on the Linnaean Botanical Garden, at Upsala, Sweden: In the 
lower end of Svartbacksgatan at Upsala is the old botanical 


e aed 


wn 
uo) 
oD 
=) 
ae 
3 
° 
an 
oF. 
fo) 
om 
in 
a 
ct. 
am 
3 4 
o = 
p 
3 
° 
[=i 
ie] 
oe: 
i" 
oO 
2 
vy 
> 
# 


u 
that a large donation has been received by the Linnean Society 
for a new home for the Director. As soon as it is ready the 


196 


Ss will tal i nd also of the Linné House, 
where the expensive collections of ae books, bric-a-brac, 
etc., which were the belongings of Linné will then be moved. 


The greater portion of these have been heretofore kept in the 
Linné house in Svartbacksgatan. 


Meteorology for August—The total precipitation. for 


month was 7.49 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded 
at the Garden for each week were oe on the 8th, 89° jath 
gI° on the 17th, 84° on the 27th ‘and 87° on the 3 e 


minimum temperatures were a on the 3d, 65° on the 12th, 
55° on the 20th and 56° on the 28th. 


ACCESSIONS 
USEUMS AND HERBARIUM 
484 species of flowering plants from Oregon. (Collected by Professor M. E. 
c 


2 specimen of Vaccinium crassifolum from North Carolina. (Given by Mrs. 


. A. J. Wilkins. 
161 species of flowering plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (By exchange with 
te Ro: yal eataaia Be Englan: nd.) 


315 specimens of flowering plants ioe ‘Indiana and neighboring states. (By 
exchange with Mr. C. C. Deam.} 
photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National 
Museum.) 
2 uncolored lantern slides of dahlias. (Prepared by Mr. Car] RiedIbauer. 
ecimens of flowerless and flowering plants from Trinidad, ies Indies 
(clita by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton, Miss Dorothy Coker, and 
ae specimens of Penstemon from Colorado. (Given by Professor Ellsworth 
Bethel. Z 
men of Synthyris from Alaska. (By exchange with the United States 


1 specimen oi Panax from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. William Trimble.) 
I specimen of Penstemon from Oregon. (Given by Mr. J. C. Nelson.) 


I specimen of Penstemon australis from South Carolina. (By exchange with 
Dr. C. A. Ludwig.) 


(Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton). 


ee 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, y Fa Syed Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Fritz Achelis, ward S. Harkness, Henry Phipps, 
Edward D. Adams, cai R. A. Harper, F. R. Pierson, 
Charles B. Alexander, j. Amory Haskell, ae R. Pitcher, 
Vincent Astor, TA samy: ‘a A. Place, 

ohn W. Auchincloss, A. Heckse! “aH Anning S. Prall 
George F. Baker, Bernhard Pia Charles F. Rand, 
Stephen Baker, Henry R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edmund L, Baylies, ' Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, arwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Ed urgess, d ne, Mortimer L. Schiff, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr ert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, 

Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, rech' 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ad bd Lewisohn William Sloane, 
William G. Choate, Kenne hk: Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, V. al acy, James Speyer, 
C. A. Coffin, mre vi aie Francis L, Stetson, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Mat! Frederick Strauss, 
Edmund C. Converse, Dr. ati ee hcaoeth F. K. Sturgis, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, George McAneny, B. B. ; 

‘aul D. Cravath, merson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Myles Tierney, 
William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, 
Jame: ‘o Hon. Ogden L. Mills, W anderbilt, 

Forest, J piste Morgan, Felix M. Warburg, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Paul M. Warburg, 

rof. W. ies, hana R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, 
Daniel ae ae C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, 
Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop, 
J. Horace ae Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 

Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs, Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 


Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton ean, Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. Gustav pe Kissel, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton. 


s. A. A. Low, M 
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. jas MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
Evert 


Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs, W. G. ee 
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking irs, Cabot W 

Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Hororary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompeots. 
Mrs. John I. Kane. Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


PUBLICATIONS 


The New York Botanical Garden 


al of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, apausgnae eile 
ae a and non-technical articles of Eenera. interest. Free m ber: 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a ; $1.00 a year. INDE ae ag in ex- 
ae ie asT in its twenty-first volume. 
cologia, bimonthly, es in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, 
ira he ficheas: containing technical articles and news and notes of general 
intere: est, and an index to curr rae American mycological literature. $4.00 a year: 
single copies not ea er (Not offered a exchange.] Now in its twelfth eee 


Addisonia, quar’ 
popwar aia 2 flowering p irty-two in 
each volume. Pat cription price, sp 00 at year. ANE feces in gee sd Now 
i n voluumy 


Bulletin of i New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports 
of the Director-in-Chief and other offic ea eure and technical articles em- 
bodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. irs to all members 
of the a, to others, $3.0¢ per v ane Now in its tenth volume. 

North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of pea America, 
ae Green the West 7 udies, and Central America. Planned to be 


completed in 34 volumes Roy. 8vo. Each volume to Ks of four or more 
Pi = Beinn price, $1.50 Be part; a limited number of separate parts 
will b id for $2.0 h. [Not offered in exchange.] 
ol. 3, part I, 191 ciacea jac 


k eae. 

Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; pet 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold separately. 

Vol. (now complete), parts 1-7, seal Pp Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.) 

Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae ee: 


Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, I9I5. Tepcas Ponee (pars). 
Vol. 21, part 1, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio- 
Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 


Vol. 24, part I, 1919; aan 2, 1920. Fabaceae Gen: 
Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 


Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. Clet eee nricaceae 

Vol. 32, t I, 1918, naga (pars). 

Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, aa Carduaceae—Anthemideae. 
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. b f the Garden, 


$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchange.] 
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana ae the Yellowstone 
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detaile aa 1900. 
ol. II. a ness 


York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. 
Vol. IV. Effect rae the Rays of Radium on arn by Charles Stuart Gager. 
viii + 278 pp., arty 13 ae ne 14 plates. 
Vol. V. Flora of the Vicini! a V bit ee A Contribution to Plant Geography 
by Norman Taylor. vi + 6383 plat 
Vol. VI. Papers presented at rahe Cebation of the Twentieth per puri of 
the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 5: ., with 43 plates and many 
figures. 1916. 
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. echnical 
pers written by students or members of the staff, and frocks rt pee 
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 
volume. 
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 
Bronx Park, New York City 


Vol. XXI November, 1920 No. 251 


FOURN AL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 
Pace 
Visit to Botanical Institutions in England... 1.2... tee eerie 197 
Notes, News and Comment... ..- + este eee ttt ee ere 208 
J NTECCENTTP: eal ait a EWM PUREE CUI EGRESS WRC Pe 210 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Art 41 NortH Queen Street, Lancastsr, Pa, 


Tus New Era Printinc Company 


OFFICERS, 1920 


Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
" FRANCIS ei a STETSON 
Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD D MS 
TreasuRER—JOHN L. ME RRILL 
aaecaviay eae ree DE LA MONTAGNE 
Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON 


. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires ee 


N. L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HE nRY W. vE FOREST ae R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires spice 
PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH nee WISOH 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 


MYLES TIERNEY 


Term expires January, 1923 


EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L, MERRILL 
ROBERT W. > FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 


2. EX-OFFICIO ampige cy 
Tue Mayor or THE City or New York 
HON. JOHN F. HY ‘LAN 
Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC Parks 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL F, FREDERIC S. LEE , 
DR. NICHOLAS ee BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRA 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ay OF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. eae ON, Director-in-Chi ef (Development, Administration) 
GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN kK SMALL, ae Ceol of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
MUR L, Supervisor of Public Instruction 
Plants 


OUT e Labi 
DR JOHN. HENDLEY BA ENDART, Bibliographar 
SARA ARLOW, Librarian 
R. H. H. RUSBY, jac Curator of the Economic Pale 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M 
i Plan 


eer 
TER rc 
pee . a partes of Build ings and Grow 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Tacheucitiae 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Voy. XXI November, 1920 No. 251 


REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF UPON A 
VISIT TO BOTANICAL INSTITUTIONS IN 
ENGLAND 


To THE ScIENTIFIC DIRECTORS OF THE NEw York BOTANICAL 
GARDEN 


Gentlemen: By permission of the Board of Managers, I was 
absent from New York during the period August 7 to October 12, 
1920, engaged in botanical studies in England, accompanied 
by Mrs. Britton. Nine years had oe since our last visit 
to Europe, and many problems had arisen in the course of our 
work in development, installation and in ee ation which an 
examination of the older English botanical establishments, 
and studies of their collections could not fail to be helpful in 

ht home i 


a 


mai $a 
changes of duplicate diate oe Bae a of value to our col- 
lections 


Most of our time was, naturally, spent at the Royal Botanic 
Gardens at ce ill the most important ee institution 
in the ld; it w very great pleasure to learn, at and, 


part of.our visit, but returned before we ca ere 
cordially welcomed by Captain Arthur W. Hill, ee a 
197 


198 


tor, and by others of the staff. We found all parts of the estab- 


library and herbarium in excellent condition and all considerably 
developed. Ou ight at returning was sadly marred by le 
of the death, a few before, of our very dear old friend, 


ic) 
> 
o 
= 
3 
ot 
© 
2 
ie} 
a. 
a 
» 
=} 
fan 


relatives of Beeches, from extreme southern South America, 


the mos gence of har wood trees. ea are 0 
ct 


foliage almost indistinguishable from that of their American 
er was fort in bei t 


and he told me ma: ny t ings. He pointed out to me the great 
desirability of i a large scale in hybridiz- 
g forest trees in Gan (0; get the advantage of the more rapid 


199 


growth of selected hybrids than that of either parent, and sug- 
ation, as he believed that better 
results from such experimentation could be obtained at some 


The wealth of hee at comme elsewhere in souther: 
England, makes yne envio of the dam al eee which 
ev ainfa 


charge dendron and Azalea plantations at Kew 
have been greatly expanded in recent years, along both sides of a 
path eral dred feet in le : rfully 
attractive mass of evergreen aaa in th 

e herbaceous plantations shared the gee janes of 
the wood he ceoe of Kni. Red 
Pokers) was of especial interest, many kin ae in maximum 
bloom in nd were pronounced by Mr. Burtt- 

y, who i Kew with Mrs rtt-Davy, occupied in writing 
a Flora of the vaal, to be more elegant Yy are in 


we had never seen 1 om before, many of them from souther. 
gions, none perhaps more beautiful than the Michaelmas 
Daisies (North American Asters), represented by numerous 


species, and the American Golden-rods. Of ee ee interest 


200 


to us were two of the wild species of Dahlia, reminding us of the 
great collection of Dahlias brought’ together by our Dr. Howe, 
now in full bloom at 

The famous Kew feck ganien was as fascinating as ever, 
with its great number of species; it has been modified recently 
w were 


0 


valent cloudy weathe Here, as in ma ther rock-gardens, 
species not naturally living among rocks are-freely a in 
order to increase the variety of plants shown uite 
unexpe ample t the erican Turtle- 


expected for example to see orth A 
heads (Chelone), and our blue Lobelia, plants typical of wet 
woodlands and swamp-borders, growing among dry rocks at 
the top of a slope! 

The collections under glass were as instructive as — and 
many species were here also seen by us for the first time. he 
D f fl . 


ry) 
. B 


sent by Mr. W. 


ccessions and re reminy de du us of our of them 


kn Everyone at all familiar with Palms ki 
odern monograph of the Palmac and their enormously 
important products wou e a gre oon to science and to 


C 
H. Bailey and with other experts; the Kew collections and 


201 


our own would form a basis for an investigation which might 


studies in the American and O orld tropics, requiring sever: 
several years’ work by trained investi: llectors, 
comparable with the investigation of the Cactus il 


Prof . Cockerell of the University of Color- 
ad 's. Cockerell were studying at Ke ritish 
Museum and we talke th them fr on tters of 

tual est; he was ie in eo the collection of 


detail and oo from thi ch i ais Se whi 

of value in the completion of our investigatio A f the 

second volume of our monograph, published in Washington on 

September 9, reached me in to consider it, as well as 

first — with . A. Rolfe, the member e Kew 

staff w: the ee éélieeriein of cacti in charge, 

we ex net every specimen there; he rearranged ihe collection 
accordai th the treatment of genera included i 


in nce wi 
publiche ed volumes ae ‘ had onpolted, the determinations of 
which were 


Gite. numerous. The Kew collection is very incomplete. I 
propose ae. we prepare specmiens 0 m. oe series er 


in or ade ler that a good representation of the species may be avail- 
able there for study, and this proposition was cordially oS 
by Sir David Prain. I also annotated determinations of names 
upon a large number of the living cacti, and we may advanta- 


a i : 
pleasure of meeting Professor R. Chodat of the University of 
Geneva, who had been attending the meeting of the British 


202 


cages for the Advancement of Science, and w. 
i tudies of Cacti by specimens and notes oben eo 
him in eee uay a few years ago 
The great orchid collections at ae: living plants, herbarium 
specimens, paintings and sketches, is one of the most important 
Ro 4 


of them is profound; he retires soon ae the a staff in ac- 


can $ i 
a scientific man taking a course so des icably unscientific; it is 
or 


arn t. 
collection rapidly. Through expenditure of a portion of our 
Special Develop: ner Fu ne of 1920, subscribed by members, 
I was enabled London booksell iderabl 
number of rare volumes needed in our library, and Mr. Skan 
me 


©) presi a 
ra: s at seaeonable prices; the, expenditure of several 
than dollars within the next year would be an excellent 
investm 

One my principal objects in visiting English botanical 
institutions at this time was to obtain determinations of a large 
ber of specimens from northern South America in our own 


2038 


collections, by comparison with named specimens at Kew, at 
t ritish Museum of Natural History and in the hediagian 


I Pp 
pose I selected and took with me in two large chests several 
b 


and by ourselves in Trinidad early in r920. I was fortunate 

in obtaining for this somewhat heavy piece of work, the nearly 

continuous aide Mr. N. E. Brow; nee bs ie Kew staff, 
ized ded 


retired. 
needed, but I left a few ee with ta Brown for ee 
investigation. The results of ou 
that many species new to science are included in the collections 
¢ r 


4 


a 
large, but incompletely w up, so that while in many cases’ 
e were able to match specimen we were unable to find pub- 


al 
were e transmitted to Professor Lecomte, Director of the Paris 
ns 


d to me at New York; the specimens 
sent were Scrophulariaceae, a family now under study by our 
1. I also took no 


r nel tes upon the sedges of northern 
South America in the Kew collections as written up by the late 
Mr larke, who studied them for many years, for future 


use in cataloging them; his monograph of this family remains 
un Apuple he Mr. Brown showed us, a his home, the very 
‘ts {sc th 


African N 


he i as ae together after many years’ effort, for nea 
and descriptions; we arranged with him for obtaining a series of 
photographs of these wonderful plants 


204 


Other members oF the Rey staff rues me in various yee 
Mr. T. A. Sprague, 
some years ago, helped with some determinations and I discussed 

in e 


fewer plates annually, as in the case of our Addisonia 


gave us oppor 
e in pleasant ena It will 


land. We learned with much interest of the progress = 
bibliographic work in the preparation of a new edition of the 
nu otani nd rtaken in 1913 by the 
Royal Horticultural Society in eration with Kew, th 


Briti: m s, no 
a the pearance of this ae catalogue of some 


vening wit r. fo) , formerl 
of i. oe er ycologist of the of Agriculture, 
we discussed the possibility o. ing the 


and Mrs. Cotton; cus: ssib f ma 
recently established journal Botanical Abstracts, published in 
the United States, a truly international record of current botanical 


205 


literature, to occupy the place of the Botanisches Centralblatt, 
deceased, of which Dr. Cotton had been one of the editors 


their chien through Kew on one afternoon and Mr 
Corporation with Mrs. Lane on another. 

vie of Mrs. Britton’s time at Kew was devoted to studies 
of the Moss Collections gig special PrLerence to her work upon 
the West Indian species. li the Trinidad 
moss specimens preserved at Kew, for use a determining the 
large series pee by her in the forests of that island, and sh 
was able 


accepted their invitation as regards the Mosses. 
indly proffered aid in our South American studies ‘will 


206 


send us some duplicate specimens in exchange; he had already 


Britton, formerly of the Museum staff, now retired, relative to 

the publication of the Journal of Botany, of which he has been 
i pee years; ; advane ed costs of printing, pea: 

eriously eearer the continua- 


wit re 

tion of this pial founded i in 18 

greatly enjoyed two days at Gal cae the . 

of Dr. G. Claridge Druce and Professor . Vin The 

ancient botanical garden of Oxford Un. ene some 300 years 
t in 


the University gardens and grounds, and we are also indebte 


207 


to him and to Mrs. Vines for charming eens we talked 
about the history, progress and nes of botanical sc. 
A delightful visit was made to Cambridge as guests of Mr. 
ohn C. Willis and Mrs. ee nd the University eee 
Garden there was studied with pleasure and profit under value 
guidance by our hosts, ae . F. G. Preston, superintendent of 
the Garden, and by Miss ren of the School of Botany. 
hi: 


a 
oO 


plant We ussed wit. r. Willis many of the 
problems of geographical distribution and mutation of plants, 
t h Iven C ttention in recent years from dat 


Forest, which we reached by motor-car from aac. 


while awaiting our sailing f and now understand 
the fascination this great reservation has Il nature-lovers 
We are grateful to officers of th t acai Mercantile Marine 
pany for their care of the ic specimens taken with 
us for study on the “ Phila sone a brought back on the 
e ork,”’ and for othe ‘ors. 
e most aes consideration concerning botanical 
science which has deeply impressed itself upon me after this 


interesting me is one which J already a some Seenieance of. 
It is that the l institutions of the United d their 
older, sister institutions of England are undermanned scientifi- 
cally. The k 


increased by leaps and bounds through exploration, experimen- 
tation and discovery; the collections of the institutions have 


208 


correspondingly increased, but the personnel of their staffs has 
not. For the organization of this vastly increased knowledge, 


ar. a 
collections and the presentation of results of investigation 
the public, it is essential that provision for additional experts 
ade 


io} 


Respectfully submitted, 
N. L. Britton, 
Director-in-Chief. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 
Dr. Marshall A. Howe lectured on “Dahlias and their Culture” 
h Si 
on Ria er 10, and on September 29 he acted as one of the 


judges at the annual dahlia show of the Short Hills Garden 
Club at nee Hills, New Jers 


Members of the Nature Committee of the peed Cio p 


League an 

especially to study autumn coloration. They were acompanied 

fey eir tour through the grounds by members of the Garden 
The pian nes recently received as a gift from Mr. Lee G. 

Daya ly 400 orchid plants, representing 


e 30 ger Ss. These were shipped directly from Brazil and 


decorative flowers and promises to be a valuable addition to the 
present display in conservatory range 2 

: Britton and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the Field 
ce Museunt: ne aan 26 The Bahama Flora, 
an‘ octavo volume of viii + 695 pages, describing or listing with 


209 


appropriate keys the known flora of the group of islands. The 
work is based on the long-continued explorations of the islands 
by the authors, assisted by members of the Garden ae es 
others. The chapters on the lower cryptog 
by Mrs, N. L. Britton (mosses), Dr. ener W. Evans eae 
etal Dr. L. W. Riddle eee Dr. M. A. Howe and the lat 

. S. Collins Spc . Boyer (diatoms), and oe 
Fs . cae and Dr. W. A. wee (fungi). 


Meteorology for September. The total precipitation for. t 
mon ‘as 5.01 inche 


t he maximum t ratures eel 
for eac eek were 80° on the 3d, 88° o on 2th, 
ee 80° on the 24th. The minimum t anne were 50° 


the 3d, 54° on the oth, 19° on the 20th, 49° on the 


e American Rose Society held a regular meeting at the 
mber 2 he m 


e herbaceous garden, conservatory range 1, the flower gardens 
in the vicinity, and the dahlia collection. 


Professor William B. Brierly, of the new Institute of Plant 
Pathology of Rothamsted, England, visited the Garden on Octo- 
b ; : 


research in phytopathology. On October 9, he sailed for England, 
taking with him the good wishes of everyone who met 


210 


ork is actively in progress on the construction of a stone 


and a wall and fence along the east side of the same street. is 
is hee accomplished through the bequest of the late Mrs. 
y J. Kingsland. 


The Cherry Garden Shelter House, the gift of Dr. N. L. 
Britton and Mrs. Britton in honor of the late Judge Ciles 
and Mrs. Daly, was opened October 28. number of 


an 
tablet was unveiled. A photograph o ae 
house will appear in a later issue of the JouRNAL. 


ACCESSIONS 


LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM JUNE 1 TO OCT. 31. 
BapGer, Mrs. C. Wild flowers drawn and colored from nature. New York, 
1859. ce ven a Mrs. Fannie Griscom Parsons.) 
BONPLAND, AIME JACQUES ALEXANDRE, - awe FRIEDRICH ae 


grinatione Orbis novt clleerint in ordinem digessit C. S. Kunth. 7 vols. 
Lutetiae Parisiorum, 1815~18: 
Britton, NATHANIEL Lorp, & Maes AUGH, CHARLES FREDERICK. The Bahama 
ora. New York, 1920. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 
BRITTON, NATHANIEL Lorp, & ig eae a The Cactaceae. Vol. 2. 
buy 53 


b 
Burpon, KATHERINE JANET. A nae es St. Kitis-Nevis. London, 1920. 


iven by Dr. N. ri n. 

Duccar, yous Mince. Fungous diseases of plants. Boston, 1909. 

ENGLER, ADOL Bei sur Entwi pein der Hochgebirgsfloren 
erldutet an a Viwdiing der Saxifragen. Berlin, 1916. (Given by Dr. N. L 
Britton. 

Fawcett, WILLIAM, & RENDLE, ALFRED BarTON. Flora of Jamaica. Vol. 4, 
London, 1920. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 

Heprick, ULYSSES Prentiss. Manual of American grape-growing. New York, 


1919. 
Jacquin, NicoLaus Joser von. Fragmenta botanica. Viennae Austriae, 1809. 
Jacquin, Nicolaus JOSEF VON. Stapeliavum in hortis vindobensibus cultarum. 

indobonae, 1806, 
PANTOCSEK, JésEr. Beitrége zur Kenntnis der fossilen Bacillarien Ungarns. 

Vols. 1-3 Ed. 2. Berlin, 1903-05. 


211 


ANDE, BAKHUYZEN, HENDRIK LEO VAN DE. he stemmings- 
ean ein. Groningen, 1920: toes, by Dr. N. -_ Paouar 
SAUNDERS, ain d 
‘k, 1920. Given b Robert M. apa -) 
ee ee. ymbolae antillanae. Vol. 8, rt. Berlin, 1920. 
VriEs, HuGo DE. Opera e periodicis collata. wae » 4. Utrecht, r9r8-20, 
ZENKER, JONATHAN KARL, SCHLECHTENTHAL, & 
LANGETHAL, CHRISTIAN EDUARD. Flora von Thiiringen. 12 vols, 
836-55. 


MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 


(Collected by Dr. W. A. ne : 
ska. (By exchange with t! 


and Canada. 


7 ena. 


specimens of mosses from Colorado and Ala: 


ne States National Museum. 
I speci s from Washington. (By exchange with Professor T. C, 


Frye.) 
f fi Florida (By exchange" with Mr. Severin Rapp.) 
f (By S. W. Stanfield.) 
(By chars with Broltic: Leon.) 
a. 


27 specimens of mosses and hepatics from Cub: (By exchange with Brother 


Hioram. 

i specimen of Hapalopilus gilous from Ulinois. (By exchange with Dr. P. S. 

Gara.) 

9 specimens of west and fleshy fungi from southern Florida. (Collected by 
Dr. and Mrs. N. L. 

2 are of he nevadense from California. (By exchange with Dr. 
A. S, Rho: 

r. B, B. Higgins.) 


I specim Merulius from Georgia. (By exchange with 
6 eee of fungi from Colorado. (By exchange with aA Ellsworth 
pine 
imens of cup fungi from California. (By exchange with Professor Ells- 
ea Bethel. 
38 specimens of Ascomycetes from various localities. (By exchange with Dr. 


W. H. Long.) 
SS of Tylostoma mammosum from Utah. (By exchange with Professor 


A. O, Garrett.) 
8 specimens ‘Fungi Wisconsinenses Exsiccati.’’ (Distributed by Dr. J. J. 


Davis.) 

432 specimens ‘‘West American Fungi.” (Distributed by Dr. David snes 

23 specimens of fungi from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. Geo. 
Zundel.) 

1 specimen of Xanthoporia Andersonit from Maryland. (By exchange with 
Dr. 1o. C, Hedgcock.) 

100 specimens ‘‘North American Uredinales" fascicle 22. (Distributed by 
Mr. Elam Bartholomew.) 

94 aaccueeiter eapanense of flowering plants from Europe. (By exchange 

‘ew, England. 


75 specimens of oon from Switzerland. (Distributed by Dr. C. Meresch- 


kwosky.) 


212 


57 specimens a orchids from South America. (By exchange with the Royal 
on Kew, Eng and.) 
is i i (Given 


by Mr. Arthur Huger. 
69 ii imens of lichens from western North America. (Given by Dr. Albert 

C. Herre. ‘ 

LT eee of box-huckleberry from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. H. A. 


oY 


War 
en by Mr. D, A. Saunders.) 


; ‘ (Give 
52 bata of flowering plants from western Neath America. (By exchange, 


with 
Virginia. (Given by Dr. W. A. ait 
I sp f Sel igi (Given by Dr. J. C. Nelson.) 
rt New England. (Given by Mr. Charles F. Sain 
der.) 
A. L. Stone:) 
6 specimens of flowering plants from Florida. (Given by Mr, Severin Rapp.) 
I speci of Vaccinium crassifolium from North Carolina. (Given by Mrs. 


men 
Walter = Devereux, Jr.) 
1130 specimens of flowering plants from British Guiana. (Collected by Pro- 
fessor A. S. Hitchcock.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 7 Montgomery cei Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Fritz Achelis, dward S. Harkness, Phipps, 
Edward D ms, i) RA. a R. Pierson, 
Charles B. rae J. Amory Haskell, James R. ais 
Vincent A T. A. Havemeyer, Ira 
John W. lee A. Heckscher, Hon ae S. Prall 
George aker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Charles F, Rand, 
Stephen Bakes, ae R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edmund L, Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, ee Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. n, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, rtimer L, Schiff, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albi oux, Albert R. Shattuck, 
rpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, ry A. Siebrecht, 
of. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, illiam Sloane, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 
0: - V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, 
(o ; dgar L. Marston, Francis L. Stetson, 
Samuel W. J. Matheson, Frederick Strauss, 
Edmund C. Converse, ir. William H. Maxwell, F.K 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, George Pea BB 
‘aul D. Cravath, merson McM: aly md Disco: 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter ie Dr.W. Gilman Thompsen, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, ohn L. Merrill, Myles Tierney, 
Willia F Ogden Mills, ouis C. Tiffan 
James r Ogden L. Mills, W. K. Vanderbilt, 
ry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, Felix M. Warburg, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Paul M. Warburg, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Heo. Ea 
Daniel Guggenheim, C.D. No ion Bronson Winthro 
Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olco' Grenville L. Pree 
J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry : ‘Oibon 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, aes Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
. Robert Bac Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, — Miss Harriette Rogers, 
Miss Elizabeth Bling me Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs. N. L. B s. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 
Mrs. Charles D. pe = Charles Sur ge Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Eve: Mrs. Henry O, Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry cet Mrs. W. G. Thompso1, 
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkin Mrs, Cabot Ward. 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsoa. 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


$. Benefactors 
e contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by 
gift or by bequest entitles the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden 
2. Patrons 

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 
3. Fellows for Life 

The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 

one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4, Fellowship Members 


ellowship members pay $100.00 or more pecan gs! and become fellows 
for life when their $1,001 


&, Seataaitel Members 


Sustaining isa ae from $25.00 to so 00 panne and become 
fellows for life when the 


6. ae Masten 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. 
All members are entitled to the following privileges: 


Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of 


Managers. 
Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board 


» 


of Managers. 
A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 
A copy of all annual reports and Bulletins. 

copy of the monthly Journal. 
Privileges of the Board Room 


7. Life Members 


Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee 
of $250.00. 


ELE send 


Information 
Pe are invited to ie any este they desire to have answered 
mn botanical or f Doc will accompany any members 
trough the Me and buildings any sy pil leaving Museum Building 
at 30 


Form of Bequest 


I hereby bequzath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under 
the Laws of New York. Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of ; 


Vol. XXI December, 1920 No, 252 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


H. A. GLEASON 


Assistant Director 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Administrative — 
Act of Incorporation... - ee eet eet es 213 
Gorintitrtloner cect uate aioli ay oy ohn. ttn Pov awleiat ba scans Penis; jk vero g may 'n 218 
oh AS lah OP an Eee TSR Sarai gre a at ae et a Ua a BEC ea 220 
> isbreNly for the Office of stcentoaapes EUR a5. Meet cho ieearep 224 
‘ovisions for Contributing Membership ...- +--+ + ees sees 235 
hes of the Charter ef the City er New York for Maintenance. . . . 226 
Notes, News and Comment... 1. +--+ +s eet r rr teres 228 
PORTS? 4 be palo aeA GOL Sy CRORO Scare, CaCO ek I gOst Ea ac eke a RECENT 229 


PuBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Av 4x Nontm Quzgw Sragnt, Lancastza, Pa. 


Tun New Era Printine Company 


OFFIOERS, 1920 


Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 

Vice-Prrsipgent EDWARD D. ADAMS 
REASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 

ASSISTANT TREAsuURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 

Szcretary—N, L, BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 19: 


N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RU THERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY’ W. pg FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Term expires pects 
PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN 
MURRY GUGGENHEIM MYLES TIERNEY 
Term expires cae 1923 
EDWARD D. ADAMS NL ne mag 
ROBERT W. vz FOREST i Sy MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 


a. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tue Mayor or THE City or New Yore 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiIc PARKs 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. ek ae bag 


ROF. R. A. H ER, Chai 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL a OF. FREDERI IC S. LEE 
R. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRAL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GI F. HE T M. RICHARDS 
PROF, JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. M L. BRITTON, Director-in-C hief (Developm ent, Administration) 


Curt 
GEORGE vy. “NASH, He ad Gardene: rand Curator of Pieided 
OUT, eee of the Laboratories 
DR. Tou, HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
H H. HARLOW, Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Col ses 
Mos 


TON, Honorary Curator 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plast 
DR. 0 Chemist 


ineer 
fs count 

ARTHUR, Oy CORE BETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 

KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXI December, 1920 


No. 252 


ACT OF INCORPORATION 
AS AMENDED BY CHARTER 103 OF THE LAWS OF 1894, 
CHAPTER 717 OF THE awe OF 1896 AND CHAPTER 473 
E LAWS OF I9I 
CHAPTER 28, 

N T to provide for the establishment of a 
botanic garden and museum and arboretum, in Bro: 
Park, in the City of New York, and to ae 
The New York Botanical Garden for carrying on the 


same. 
Approved by the Governor April 28, 1891. Passed, 
three- Ae being present. 


The People of the State of New York, Oe hs in 
Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: 


Chandler, Touis Fae Theodore W. Myers, 


T 


he 
Corporation 


214 


William C. Schermerhorn, Oswald Ottendorfer, Albert 
Gallup, Timothy F. Allen, Henry R illiam G 
Ch i 


ash, Richar ; 
Thomas Hogg, Nelson Smith, Samuel W. Fairchild, 
Robert Maclay, Willia: Wood, 
Oclut, Charl Cox, 


Purposes of hereby constituted and created a body cor 
the Garden _ the name of The igs Yo i 


decorative horticulture and gardening, and for the 
entertainment, 


recreation and instruction of the 
people. 
Powers of the Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have all such cor- 
Corporation 


ae powers, and may take and hold 


act; and may from time to time alter or modify i 


215 


constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations, and shall 
be subject to the provisions of Title 3, of Chapter 18, 


of the first part of the Revised Statutes. 

EC affairs of the said corporation shall be B 
managed and controlled by a Board of agers as 
follows e president of Columbia College, the 
professors of botany, of geolo a ° emistry 
therein, the president of the Torrey Botanical Club, 
a e ident of the Board of Education of the 


shall hold office for one year, three for two years, 


may be needed to fill vacancies in unexpired terms 


Board of 
Managers 


Scientific 


d Directors 


e 
Director-in- 
e Chief 


Representa- 
tives of the 


ai 


Elective 


+ Managers 


Officers 


Quorum of the 


Corporation 


Original 
Endowment 


Grounds in 
Bronx Park 
250 Acres 


216 


shall be elected saa pursuant to the by-laws of 
atio. The number of 


the corpor elective managers 
ei aa by vote of the corporation, whose 
terms and election shall be as above provided; an 
embe y from time to time the 
Scientific Directors by a majority vote of the Scientific 
Directors, approvi yy a majority vote e 
d nagers. The Board of nagers shall 
elect from their number a President, Secretary a 
Treasurer, none of whom or of the Boa Managers, 
sa retary and Treasurer, shall receive any 


compensation for his services. Nine corporators shall 
co: ae a quorum at any — of the incorpor- 
ors, but a less number may adjou 
EC. 5. Whenever the said Sete shall have 


hereby authorized and directed to construct and equip 


217 


within the said grounds so alloted, ee to plans Construction 
of 


approved by them and by said Boa nagers, a of Buildings 


ulture of tender or other pea 
Pea 


aia Sic te authorized to be issued by th 
; the us 


th mee stated in this act. And for the purpose 
of iding means therefor, it shall be the duty of 
the Cae of the City of Ne , upon being 
thereto requested by said Commissioners, upon 
being authorized thereto by the f Estimate 
and A ti 


rt 
e from taxation, 
agzregnting the sum of ave bended thousand dollars, 


three and one- 
half per centum per annum, and to be redeemed within 
a period of time not longer than thirty years from the 
date of their issue. 


EC. 5-a, The Board of Estimate and Apportion- 


Yo 
ny part of that cit 


d 
appropriated to be described more particularly in 


218 


the Board of Estimate and Apportionment hereby 
oy (Chapter 2 Laws of 1914. 
The 


ged ee e grounds set apart, as above provided, 
the Pi be used for no re purposes than authorized 

y this act, and no intoxicating liquors shall be sold or 

allowed thereon. For police purposes and for the 

cc) , the said 


Grounds open sha! 
and tee daily Sundays, subject to such restrictions only as to 


sali i ay require; d its educational and 
scientific privileges shall be open to all alike, male and 
. female, up h necessary regulations, terms an 


mi 
conditions as shall be prescribed by the managers of 
those departments. 

SEC. 7 This act shall tak 


ff, : q: ] 


CONSTITUTION 
ARTICLE I 
The provisions of the act of incorporation approved 
April 28, 1891, as amended by Chapter 103 of the 
laws of 1894, approved March 7, 1894, are, in pursuance 
of Section 3 of said act, adopted and form a part o 
this Constitution. : 
ARTICLE Il 
A President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a 
Treasurer shall be elected ba by the Board of 
a 


Election of 
Officers 
ers from their number in the manner provided 


219 
by section 4 of the act of incorporation; and the persons 
so elected shall respectively be the President, Vice- 
si etary and Board of 
Managers and of the corporation. There shall also be 


anagers until the next annual election. 


ARTICLE II 

The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers 
may respectively appoint such other persons and such Appointment 
committees to aid in the performance of the duties of committees 
and business their respective departments as they 
shall deem bes: 


ARTICLE iV. 

The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers 
are each authorized to ak oan By dena oe and B 
regulations in their all be a lee and 
nee by them oo ona also to ie or Regulations 

end the same from time to time; and the same 
ae so adopted by them, shall be Mee the by-laws, 
rules and regulations of the ea 


pe of 


ARTICLE V 

Associate aie may be admitted, ee or Associate 
expelled in the manner provided for by the rules Members 
adopted . s Board of Managers. 


ARTICLE VI 


Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows-for-Life, Fellowship ties Life 
staining bers, Life Mem mbers 


= 
@ 
3 
ion 
® 
bet 
- 
yn 
i= 
4 
® 
my 


Annual Members may be created S the Board of fetes al 
Managers and admitted upon the ment of Members 
all 


ARTICLE VI 
Amendments mendments to this Constitution not incompatible 
to Constitution with the ac: of incorporation may be made by a vote of 
four-fifths a the members ee at any regular 
meeting of rat any special meeting 
called for the Burpee by ce Secretary, upon th 
direction of the President, on ten days’ prior notice by 
mail of such meeting and of the proposed amendments. 


BY-LAWS 
I 
Annual The annual meeting for the election of manager 
Meeting and of additional membe ers es be foro on fa 


of the be held in the City of New Y: onday 
Corporation in January. A notice of such meeting shall be mailed 
by ber 


Managers, upon like notice, and with notice of the 
proposed increase 


President and — At all meetings of the corporation and of the Board 

Vice-president of Managers, the President shall preside; or, in his 
absence, one of the Vice-Presidents. The President, 
or either Vice-President, is authorized to approve 
bills of the Garden against city maintenance appro- 
priations 


il 
Meeting of the The managers shall hold an annual meeting on the 
Board of second Monday in January, following the annual 
Managers meeting of the corporation. ther regular meetings 
of the managers shall be held on the third Thursdays 
of April, June and November. Special meetings may 
be held by direction of the President, or, in his absence, 
by the direction of either Vice-President 


ive managers shall Suen a quorum at any 


Quo 


of 
meeting of the Board of Managers, providing that sae Board of 
ager: 


not more than two are Scientific Directors 


ve 
Committees of the Board of Managers, to be ap- 
pointed by the Board at each annual meeting, shall 
include: 


An Executive eeieiaa 
A Finance Com 


Special committees may be appointed at an 
meeting, and may be composed of managers, of 
members of the corporation, or of both 


VI 
e Executive Committee shall consider all matters 
e Board of Manage 


consist of seven members, including the President, 
Treasurer and Secretary. The Committee shall an- 
nually elect a chairman 


The Finance Commitee ai advise the Treasurer 
concerning investmen aeaik jeibegiea of perm: 

nent funds, and sha tk real estate as 
may become the property of he: Corporation. It shal! 
consist of three members, including the Treasurer. 


VIII 
e Membership Committ ttee ee consist three 
hall 


Fellows for Life, Patrons and Benefactors 


Committees 


Executive 


s Committee 


Fina: 
ommittee 


Membership 


nual Committee 


Endowment 
Committee 


Treasurer 


Assistant 
Treasurer 


Secretary 


Quorum 
Scientific 
Directors 


Officers of 
Scientific 


Directors 


The object of the Committee on Endowment is to 
i ia nes of the 
members 


President, Treasurer and 
of the Board of Managers. 


x 
The Treasurer shall collect, receive and disburse the 
funds of the ao oration as curected by ie Board o: 


Managers 
funds as oe ised by the Finance es He 
shall report to the managers at all stated meetings. 


xa 
The Assistant Treasurer shall perform all duties of 
the Treasurer during the latter’s absence or disability. 
XI 
The ae shall give notice of all meetings of the 
th 


directed by the corporation, the Board of Managers, 
the Executive Committee 


A majority of the Scientific D 
a quorum at any meetin 


XIII 


The Scientific Directors shall elect a Chairman and 
Secretary, who sha fice until their successors 
re elected, and perform the duties which usually 


a 
pertain to these offices. 


Regular meetings of f the Scientific Directors shall be 
held on the second Saturdays of April, June, me 
and December, and special meetings may be held 
pursuant to call by the Chairman 


XV 
e Women's Auxilliary shall consist of at least 
twelve members. Additional members may be elected 
at any meet f the manag ter nominatio 
by the Auxiliary. This committee shall aid an- 
agers in conducting receptions and other public func- 
tions, in obtaining contributing members, and in s 
her objects as be Bene to it by the Board of 
Mana: Honorary members of the Women's Aux- 


by the +4 nomination by the Auxiliary. 


XVI 
The election of managers and of additional members 


demanded by some member, whereupon the vote shall 
be taken by ballot. 


xv 

Amendments to the By-Laws may be made at any 
meeting by a vote of a majority of the entire Board 
of Managers and by the unanimous vote of a quorum 


Meetings of 
Scientific 
Directors 


Wom 
Nets 


Elections to. 
be by ballot 


Amendments 
to By-Laws 


lo 
te 
pe 


REGULATIONS FOR THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR- 
HI 


1. The Director-in-Chief is the Executive Officer of the Gar- 
den, and is responsible to the Board of Managers, and to the 
Scientific oe for the general management and control of 
all its departmen 
He shall ca and efficiently carry out all their regulations 
and directions, and be responsible for the proper maintenance 
and good order of the buildings and grounds. 

2. He may from time to time make recommendations for the 


pend, and, on approval of the appropriate committee or board, 
to discharge. 

4. He shall make all necessary purchases of tools, implements 
and supplies for the Garden as authorized, and shall be respon- 
sible for the proper inventory, care, and use of the same 

all examine, correct a certify all bills- jaeured under 


$ 
vouchers, shall at all times be open to inspection by members of 
the Board. 
6. He shall keep a copy of his official correspondence. 

ui 


7 
barium, the rary a the seum, and the collections of 
living plants and trees, by correspondence, by e es 0: 
duplicates not needed, and by purchases, so far as means e- 


for are placed at his disposal. 


225 


. He shall report to the Board of Managers, the Scientific 
Directors, or special comimittees, in such manner and at such 
times as they may direct. 

9. He shall make no expenditures and incur no liabilities, 
except under appropriations made by the Board. 

. He devote his whole time and energies to the pro- 
ioton of the Garden interests, and shall not engage in any 
outside work except with the approval of the Board or the 
Executive Committee 


n 
o 
BS 
4 


PROVISIONS FOR CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIP 
. Benefactors—The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to 
re funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest aie the con- 
tributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 


2. Patrons.—The Pater of $5,00 or more to the 
funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest aa entitle the con- 
tributor to be a Reus of re Ga: den 

ws for Life-—Th t tion of $1,000.00 or more to 


ae pn of the Cade en at any one time shall entitle the con- 
ribw . to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 

d aad Members.—Fellowship members pay $100.00 or 
more peta ee fellows for life ae their payments 
sees ae Co} 

5. Sustaining Members: —Sustaining members pay from $25.00 
to $100.00 annually and become fellows for life when their 


000.00. 
al Members.—Annual members pay an annual fee of 


memb 
1. Tickets to all lectures -given under the auspices of 
Board of Managers. 
. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of 
we Board of Managers. 
. A copy of all handbooks published a - Garden. 


7. Life Members——Annu: ci Menhes fag! become Life Mem- 
bers by the payment of a ie of $250.0 


226 


Form of Bequest.—I hereby bequeath to The New York 
Botanical Garden en lane under the Laws of New York, 
Chapter 285 of 1891, the of 


PROVISIONS OF THE CHARTER OF THE CITY OF 
NEW YORK FOR MAINTENANCE 


he It shall be the duty of tk issi for the boroughs 
Manhattan and Richmond to maintain the meteorological 


are or may hereafter be erected in any park, ae or af Babi 


It shall be the duty of the commissioner for the dee of 
x to maintain the New York Botanical Garden and the 
suc in 


jurisdictions, and, wi e authority of the board of aldermen, 
to 1 d improve the same, and to erect additional build- 
ings; but t aintenance of al! such buildings and institutions 
shall s t to the provisions of t ncorporating said 


Ss 
institutions, or either of them, and the acts amendatory thereof 
h of t 


boards by such acts created or provided for; and shall also be 
subject to and in conformity with such contr racts pas dusenaiiial 
as have heretofore been made with s 


1 


227 . 


and are in force and effect when this act takes effect, or as may 


o mon 

appropriation therefor has been made by the board of estimate 

and apportionment and the Doar of uuu Out of the 
f p 


lly appropriated for arks each 
commissioner ena apply such sum as shall be bel by the 


o 


buildings or institutions now situated or hereafter erected in th 


essrs. Vaux and Parsons, and filed with the former department 
of public parks of the corporation known as the mayor, aldermen 
and commonalty of the city of New York 


. 228 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


e afternoon of November 20, Miss Slater brought a 
ure th e 


ended a lecture in one aad Range 2 by Dr. Gleason on 
Tp ropical Beverage Plant: 


Meteorology for October: The total precipitation for the 
as 1.38 inc he: maximum temperatures ee: ie 
27th. The mi Pp 
tures were 43° the 6th and the a 39° on the 24th, and 
34° on the soa 


The following visiting botanists enrolled in the library during 
f Alfred C. Hot ib 


the autumn: Professor re . Hottes, Columbus, Ohio, 
Professor Etienne Foex, Paris, France, Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer, 

an ,N.D., G artin and Mr. Elba E. Watson, 
New Brunswick, ; C. Fraser, Ithac , Dr 
Emmeline Moore, Al Y., Mr. Ww ehl and 

r. eal West, D. C., Professor Frederic 
E. Gene nts, Tucson, Ariz., Prof. H. M. Hall, Berkeley, Calif. 


and Dr. Roland M. Harper, oie Point, L. I. 


ana 
belie. 16 i 
About. pauiownia trees 72 
calyph ae 
\ccessions, see N. Y. Botanical Garden 
kct of Incorporation 213 
clinos perm: 


Aims ano mained of plant breeding, 
The 


Akemine, M. 193 
Alder 163 
Alexander, J. K. 138 
Algae 61, 102, 194 
Cc. L. 138 
8 


163 
‘Abencniherd 88 
American Iris Society, Organization of 
the 39 
American Rose Society 209 


Andrews, A. L. Publications during 
919 65 
Andropogon bicornis 130 
glomeratus 130 
pertusus panormilanus 130 
i plier ans 


phelandra 105 
f Laie 149 
ralia 88 


bb bh 

z 

= 

3 23 
SP se 

g 

= 

= 

= 

3 

4 

uM 

es 


jenium conti pl. 244, opp. 
pa 


heter och 70: 
platynuron re 17I, 175 
ver eCun 


cuba 
‘a stin, 


88 
C.F. 


Baccharis 124 
hi I : a 


36 
Aur pects 98 
Azal 


iano, Carmelo 90 
yi 


PRESSE SRP REO Ee 
a Ra 
4 
rat 
a. 
a] 
= 
a7 
"i 
° 
On 


124, 180, 2 


-H.4 
ications a durin I9IQ 6 
65 


18 
Beard-tongue 
Becker, H. 


Beet, si 
Bee 


W. 9 
Beebe, William 55 56, 132, 154 
sug ar §, 6, 15 


Bernie 88, a 114, 115, 116 


oy 


Benzoin 
Bernstsin. a 90 
» TL A.V. rr 


Bice I, 
919 6. 


PL ” publications during 


230 


ieee family 73 
@ 59 


Bladderwort ‘Femi 


Bland, 


2g 
® 
aS 
Bes 
8 
5 
o 
S 
35 
a 
Boo 
ew 
B 
. 
a 
3 
5 


oyer, Ss. 
oynton, ha va 94 
Collection: 
See auras IgIg 65 
Boynton, k. Vocatio onal education 


in gardening “for disabled ee con- 
valescent so! ee and sailor: 
race, 1. J. K.9 
Brachiaria a orucantopiis 131 
Bradley, Richard 3 
L. M. 162, 172, 175 


. 125 
ana, Re er ort on a recent 
oe ae 249) 129 


Britton, N. L. 

118, 126, “60 
Collections by 24, 
Publications daring 4 

Britton, N. ne A ee ania Brien 

to Trinidad 1 

About paslownia: Gh trees 72 
y the Dicetor nC ef 
i ical insti- 


9, 42. So a 97, 99+ 


mn 

tutions 

a a pime ae ee 38 
e W. Perkin 


Britton, . & Re 1 e, J. Publi- 
cations pee er 
roadway, W. E. 


106, 108, LI, 114, 117 
5 


Burymannig 106, 114 
urns, F.C. 13) 
urroughs, John 55 
urtt-Davy, J. 199 
urtt-| » Mrs. J. 199 
uthn, + iI3 
utton-bush 6 
‘abbage, 89 142 
pabbace: tree pl. 241, Opp. p. 29 


Cab 
Cac S 107, 108, 109, 112, 16) 
quest t of ee (Pls. 251, Ane 161 
an Opuntia + 
Cactus, Gohineal fig 
cock-spur 174 
Family 201 
aie in the Carolinas in winter 
(Pls. 251, 161 
urks-head 1 
alti carpa 58 
‘alvino, pe 179 
‘aly pso 


inas in winter, Cactus hunting 
in in the a 251, 252) 161 


‘arrot Family 115 
trots 89 
‘alia 50 
atalpa 59, 6 


‘atesby, Mark 206 
Cee 


vopia I 


Cedar, red- 170, 191 
stinking 28 
ba 142 


Celery 
Celtis 3 

enta: oe a maculata 192 
Cepi casei oecidentales 60 
Cephalocer 
Cera: Me 3. 
Cereus hexagonus 111 
Ceri domes griseus 19T 

retipes 191 

Cerrone, aunOny: Jr. 90 
Cestrum 8: 

Chamaesy 


Chamber ain, . 7 oe 193 


Chelone 2 
Cherries, Japanese 96 
wild 9 
Cherry garden shelter house 210 
Chinese tulip-tree 198 


Cinchona 106 


a 
Loc) 
& 
5 
8 
3 


R. a 
~ JK 
Britton, N. L. ae ees aes 


Britton, Mrs. N. L. 24, 100, 196 


231 


Collectors 
Bush, B. F. 
Coker, Dorothy 
ck, 


Conference ni 16, 41, 


60, 78, 97 
ieaaepee ee field ‘meetings of 


pathologists and mycologists in New 
and 16 


Consttuction work, see N. Y. Botanical 
Garden 


Convalescent soldiers and sailors, Vo- 


cational educat! 
and 8 


orale berry 76 


‘ovema 30 
cae 166 
oaks is 3 
‘ottam. - oe Harold 138 


gees piolu 105 
Croton: 
poh em 
paaaee prickly ~pear 168, pl. 
169, 170 
Crucger “Hermann Ily 
Cunninghamia 165 


ion in gardening for 
7 


252, 


‘uphea 88 

uratol, paral 90 
‘urtis, J. G. 5 

urtis, M. fer 


nm 35 
¢ pers “Tiguloris TIy 
= nee one 246, 83, 86 


koe a 
83 81-86, 246, 2 


a of Taxodium (Pls. aes 


Cyortbea ium 150 
arietinum ae 149 
hivsutum 147 


Daedalia juniperina 191 
Dahlia 12, 40, 138 
See border, ae 1920 138 


Daly, Mrs. C. P. 210 
Dana oF 
Dandeli 


ym I 
§ 
asics: Michaelmas 199 
Da ou) be 


Del ile, A. oe 
Delonix dies y 249, OPP. p. 132 
eral ne 


Dendrogr 

Denis, 

Denslow, en tM ok 
/ENSLOW, M. nee reflections 
gee sere hunter 1 


Charles 2 
Deseuatbos eee 17S 
Desmoncus 106, IT. 
Devaney, P. J. 9 
De een Toh 32, SI 


Dilleniu 
ime 


Dionaea 1 


Dirca 93 
Director-in-Chief upon a visit to 


botanical foie in England, 
ees of the 
Dixon, A. N, 20. ee 
Dockmackie ie 74 
Docks, to = 
Dodge, B. O. 1 
Dogbane amily 114 
Dogwoed 35, 145 
Donors 
Abbott, 
Adams, 
nace Alexander 100 
Ashe, W. W. 8 
oe »R. S. 2 22 
atcheld er, C. F. 212 
ecker, H. W. 80 
ethel, Elisworth 196 
ritton, rs. N. L. 196 
ryant, L. 80 
‘onrad Slide and Projection Com- 
pany, The 23 


S. 80 
Cornell, Mrs. E. 80 
le, R 


. E. 99 
ped Tree Expert Company, 


> avon aiploass 22 


oe 


& 
¢ 
g 
3 
£ 
FE 
ree 
as ga 
ce 
a 
= 
8 
8 
8 


ishlock, W. C. 22, 99 
riedhof, George 100 
eorge, D. S. 8 
illiam, R. A. 80 
‘iven, Mrs. E. e 
Harper, R. M. 
Hawks, McDougal 4 6 
lerre, A. C. 212 
looker, Samuel 23 


uger, ‘arthur 212 
hnson, P. L. 23 


Ludwig, C. A. 
Marsh, W. F. 99 . 
von D. W. 80 


tek & Company 24 
Mert L R. 80 
Munson, I. V. & Company 23 


ni 
furrill, W. A. a 
elson, J. C. 19 
Parke, Davis & mea 24 
arsons, Mrs. F. G. 160 


Mr. ae 


Dracae: 
OS: 


eSHEE 

Dunes, Of grottoes 
241-242) 25; ‘Pls as 244) 4, 

Dwight, Jonathan 19: 
Earle, 193 
Ebony speenvor 171, 175 
Echeveria 88 
Eahinoc chlo pyramidalis 131 
Haseena ei 195 
Edm onds, 


convalescent soldiers and_ sailors, 


Eggleston, W. W. 139 


and ver (Pls. 


233 


I neler 


Eider r, a hern: 
ee: lobata 3 


thiott. — 
Elliott, Stephen 20 
im 


mp 
impress tree 73 
nalus 60 
nn 177, 1 
gland, ae ‘by the Director-in- 
Chief u jon sit to botanical 


yonilichrh 8 


adle, C. D. 21 
Bethel, Ellsworth cs 
Bickelhaupt, WwW. H. 
Botanic Garden, Cen Canada 
100 
rotheri 
ureau of Plane Industry 80, 100 
hamber: 
‘oker, Ww C. 
nee node a 


ne 
earness, Joh; 
Mrs. TR 
of chai 
eris 


ALO. 2 23, 
C eel ‘survey a Canada 24 
raves, A. H. 143 
arris, J. A. 80 
arshberger, J. W. 99 
arvard Ea 22, 24 
ace G. G. 2 

ks & Son 80 


234. 


3, O. E.2 
Leon, "Brother 22, oe arr 
orenz, Annie 2 
Lu ue: ion - 


2, F, E, 2: 
fcilser eerie ar 


Stone, A. 
Thornton, Cc. W. 22 
Trelease, William 100 


fA 


Gaet gee "National Museum 
2 


ne 
Exoch 

eieeeriniie fs Trinidad, A botanical 101 

Ex momen} in bed in Seer 
918, he (Pls. 242) 2 


‘abrizio, Michael 90 


a nae 35- 38, ae 46, 63, 105, 106, 


Hu ugue not- a 
Tes rec Or 37, 45 
i 114 


alking - 37 
wood 3 ae 45 
Ficus 88, 


ne meetings of pathologists and 
New York ant nd ‘Connecticut, 


Fischer, A. 
G. 


10 
ress and population in 
F lotida i in ‘Deoepiber ae A record cf 

exploratio: 4I, 242) 2 


4 E. 3 
‘rangipani pl. ‘Ho, Opp. p. 132 
raser, A. C. 
reema! 


Wee, te 106, 108, 110, III, 

me 17 

Tree ~ 

W. E. 189 

Fungi 63, 64, 106, 191-193 

Further reflections of an orchid-hunter 
145 


112, 
Fringe 
Fryer, 


Galino, Felix 90 
Gamble, J. S. a 
aaa oe R.A. 9 
Garber: 
soldiers and sailors, Vocational edu- 
cation in 87 
Gardner, N. L 
Gaston, ‘William 16a 
Gay-wi ing oe 105 
Gelsem: 
Gene tic 


spe! pee ee The 60-62 


n 
» L. R. 161, 162, 175. 177 


Gilmore, M. R. 1 
Girdled by meadow mice, Trees 94 


235 


Gladiolus 89 pia as 

Gladiolus 40 Henbit 1 

Gleason, H. A. 39, 56, 118, 126, 2 Henderson, ae Ir2 
pupueations during IQTQ 6 Henry A. 

GLEASON, parr of the ices Ws Pe 

pens iris ‘Society 39 Herbert 

re inia Pas Herrington, Pate 55 

God: Hervey, A. 

Goldenred 34, 199 


Hewitt, G. 


oe 
evergreen 26 Hexagona ‘alreolaris I91 


Gossypium 10 Hickory 26, ae ea IOI 
Grafting witty the aid of paraffin (Pl. Higgins, E. - 
250) 157 Hill, A. W. 
Graham, Charles 90 ipbocrace™ 
rapes 139 History of the bearded iris, Notes on 
Grtioleas 8 the 181 
aes G. F. 193 Hitchcock, Ss. ae 
a 165 Hitcucocx, . §. Report on a recen' 
Gresbler Benny 90 as ip to British Guiana (Pls. 248, a 
Grew, Nehemiah 2 
Gross, D. W. 168 Hit ite! cheadk, Mrs. A. S. 129 133 
Grottoes and ancient dunes, Of (Pls. fone Ge N. 139 
ee pat (Pls. 243-244) 45 Hohm » E rd go 
Gui: ort on a re oo trip to Holden,  Teaae 140 
British ee 248, 249) 1. Hollick, Arthur. Publications during 
Gum, 45 , 


Habenaria ots 153, 154 
152 


bracteat Hollyhocks shag 
integra - Holt, P. E. 9 
ven ae Ho! 


iberaley, Rev. Pres 109 
pane tote ae 
Fam: 
Halimed 


Ji ied qi 
Hall, G. ne 97 oker 
all, H. M. 228 Horsebrier 171 
fal o De Horse-mint 34 
Halod Hort, Arthur 187 
Holop ovals 61, 62 ‘ottes, A. 2 
H. 90 House, H. D. 140, 19. 
rae oe Plants in the New York  Houstonia eae 
ee Garden 56, 74, 119 Howe, M. 8, 
arlow, H. Publications during Publications dicing 1919 67 
I9I9 on OWE, M.A. The 1920 eenne border 138 
per, R. Hudson, Hendrick 
Harris, Willi: 8 


inths 
Hybridination se beet 3 
uM eF: 


dni 

Hartweg 20' eee: Ir og 

Hastings, G. T. 55, 64, 141 Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora 94 
Haynes, C. C. 42 

Hazen, T. E. oe 102, 117 Icica 11 

Healy, R. C. 9 Tlex Cassie 

Heath Family a 116 vomit 170 

Heaths 163 In quest of ‘ost cacti; cactus ees 
Heliocarpus 10 in the a ‘olinas in winter (Pl. 25 


Hemianthus, The flower in the genus 78 252) 16 


236 


Incense trees 116 Landrum, W. R. 91 
Hin elarsengrn Act of 213 Lane, E, V. Z. 205 
Ind n bean Lane, Mrs. E. V. Z. 205 
it 4I Lane, clea Or 
Lresine 8 Lantan: 
Tris crions an Ba 184, 186 Ten oe OL 
germ Laura, J. B. 9: 
r shnir tang ek Lebau, Harry: 490 
mesopotamica 181, 186 Lecomte, Prof. 208 
pallida, 182, 183, 188 eCouteur 4, § 
Ricardi 181, 186, 187 saree ae N. Y. Botanica Garden 
trojana 181, 185 Lecythis 
variegata 181, 182, 183, 188 ee 8 ae 
Iris 40, 99, 142, 181-183 F. S. 205 
Iris Society, Organization of the Se ieieeels 165 
American 39 Leiphaimos trinitensis 110 
Tri he b Lemaireocereus 108 
18 Leontodon 166 
Iron-wood 35 Lespedesa striata 175 
Irving, Washington 145 pains = 8: 142 
ania latifolium 131 ‘] n, Adolph 
Isertia I ee n 285, 106, ay, 112, 116 
aah rite 149 gustrum 56, 57 
YY» Poi lac 57, sb. 96 
ilies, water- 50 
Jackson, H. S. 42, 62, 193 inden family 107 
acobs, L. te or inden: noe 
Jamaica, The wild pimento of 38 innaeu: 
Japanese ce Clover 174 a. Cal 
cherries 96 paris pe us. 150, 152 
ho: see 17I quidambar 35 
ieee Liriodendron chinense 198 
Jenman 137 Tulipifera 198 
Jessamine yellow- 34 Live-oak 28 3 14 
Jigger-tree T11 Lobelia 
jones, J. B. Lobelia triiensis 109 
Jones, Joseph 131 I t, Daniel 117 
Teac oa 157 pee 7 
Junipe Loftus, Thomas 91 
Logan, James 2 
ogania Family 57 
Loganiaceae 57 
patie 7 jJ. or Long-leaf Pine 27 
Kil Ipatrick, Van Eyrie 43 Lonicera 77, 119, 121 
ing, Mr. 134 fragrantissima 119, 163 
in ncis I, Loomis, H. 165 
Kingsland, Mrs. M. J. 210 Lost cacti, In quest of (Pls. 251, 252) 161 
Knees pl. us Opp. p. 45 Lovell, Stanhope 105 
Knight-3 Lovell, M. tanhe I 
Ruiphohes 199 owater, 
<noche, L. H. 139 Lownes, Mr. 155 
Knotweed 48 udwi 
patna Family 48 Lycium 59 
Koch, Lycopodium 106 
ae a ey me 
Kohlrabi 142 Lysiella 
Kusagi 58 L imaente. Loomisit 165 
Lair, H. T. or McAllister, Henry 91 


Lamium 166 McAtee, W. L. 162, 171 


237 


arthy, M. Gerald 167 
McClean poe 118 
ye Jer 


MclInro 
Melntoy, Mrs. °. IIo 
McRee, fed mes 


MecWhir 138 
MacDougal o t 79, 103 
Mackenzie, K. 
Publications during 191g 67 
Madder Family 60, 110 
M: aan ee 
Maiden. 
Malaxis monopill aes 149 
unifoli 


rae Mr. 141 
ing, H. M. 1 


Moregravia | fey 114 
Marcus, Nathan 


B. 
pishancogapes The eee 
distribution of the 60-62 

58 


Marsdenia 
Martin, G. W. 228 
assey, L. M. 55 
Matheson, W. J. 138 
Matrinomy vine 59 
Mauritia 106 
Moaximiliana 111 
Maxon, . 205 
Mayepaea 


ep 

Meadow Mice, Hey) Girdied by 94 
Meier, F. C. 

endel’s laws - 
Mendes, Captain 115 
Mendleson, Walter 99, 101, 102 
Me 203 
Meteorology, N. 

a 
Meung 
Mewes} N: saree 
hae para toe: 

ed Family 58 


Botanical 


ills & Company 138 
Mimusops ee 106 
Mint, horse- 


Mistletoe Family 116 
Mistletoes 180 


Mitchella repens ee 
Miyabe, Prof. 7 
Monarda a 34 

onkey-pod pl. 248, opp. p. 129 
Montchrdi sculeata 110 
melin 


206 
Mori, Daniel 204 
Morris, R. T. 55, 169 
Morris, R. T. Grafting with the aid 
of paraffin (PI. 250) 157 

US 35 


Mor: 

Mosier, C. A. 53 

Moss, Spanish- 49 

Mosses 26, 46, 106, 109, II2Z, II4-116, 
170, nly 

Mulberry 35 

Mulberry Family 106 

Murray, W. - 


I, 55 


-9 
baie we A. O, 
ee ne ee 193. 194 


Be tal aniging a Blacks: 


‘ginia 19 
Trees girdled by meadow mice 94 

‘usa coccinea 111 

Mince 192 

Mycologia 99, 191, 194 

ycologists in New York and Con: 

heminie an mer field meetings fo 
pathologist: 16 

Myrtle, crape - 

Myxophyc 


Nanny-berry 7. 


undo 35 


44, 100, 143, 196, 
Cherry ecaee shelter house 210 


238 


New York Botanical Garde 
Conference notes 16, a 60, 78, 97 
Construction work 20, 43, 64, 125, 
140, 194, 2 
Flower show 
Hardy Woody ‘Plante in 56, aes TI9 


Lectures 
Greenhouse 18, 
Saturday oe an $5 
Sanne Spring 54-56, 124 
Tr 118 
Meteorology for 1919, November 
mber 43; for eer ne 
i a 1920 January 64; Feb- 
ine 


September 


comment I9, 42, 
179, 


O 
Notes. news and 
62, 79, 99, 124, 139, 159, 
193, 208, 228 
"Plants and Seeds 80, 99, 143, 196, 
212 


II, 
Precipi tation, See Met 


Publications of the ae “stelan 
id 65 


orth American Flora 73, 125, 126, 139 
Nort! p. J 
Northruy Mrs. 7 L907 
Norton, Mrs. C. D. 140 
Notes. 42, 62,79 
99, 124, 139, 159, 179, 193, 208, 227 
Notes on the history of the bearded 


Nymphaea 50 
Nym: ohodes Tio 


Oak 35, 45, 49 
live- 26, an 49 . 


Ocenocarpus 111 


Igt8 (Pls. 241, 242) 25; (Pls. 243, 
244) 45 
Okura, Kunihiko 195 


Oldenlandia 105 
Oleaceae 56 

Oneanines 10g 
Olive, E. W. 18, 55, 56 
Olive Family on IIo 
oN oul a 


oe 162, 168, 169, 170, 
178 
frasent "Ot, 162, 178 
arthya 161, 162, 170, I71, 174) 
UT 
Opu tia 16, eds 


Pola di 26, fee. ve 170, 174, 176, 
177 
sees I6I, 171, 173. 177 
oe ss 177 
Orchidaceae 1 15. 
Ore! 


7 
hids 106, 109, 114, 116, 208 
ie I50 . . 
Organization of the American iris 
Society 39 


Ouratea 107 
erholts 191 


Palidcourea 116 
Palm pl. 241, opp. p. 29, 35, 38, 106, 
107, III, 112, 114, 116, 117 
farm manac 106 
eedle- 35 
ss-cabbage 53 
silver 


Palmaceze’ 200 
Palmer, E. 97 

Palmeri, Umber 

Palmetto, abe OL ve opp. Pp. 29, 30 


rsley ng 
Parsons, Mrs. F. G. 160 


239 


Partridge-berry 170 


Passion-flower 110 
Pathologists. and ia leora ras in New 
York and 


Connecticut, Summer 
fiel chines 16 
Pauline, Laurence 91 
‘aulownia 59, 72, 73 
‘aulownia trees, About 72 
‘aurotis Wrightii 53 


Pavonia spinifex 35 
a Family 96, 107, 115, 116 


ecans 

eck, M. 

elicano e ‘Company, Frank D. 138 
oe 


ans ies 89, 142 
ony 40 
ene onia 38, 52, 
Peperomia in F! iaviaas The genus 78 
epper, bird- 47 
Perami: 


Pimenta Pim 
Pimento of es The wild 38 
Pine 26, 29, 30, 35. 47) 49, 163 

i 


203 

eeding, The aims and methods 
of 1 

Plaiopuntia 177 

Plumiera pl. 249, opp. Pp. 132 


Po ogonia ophioglossoides 148 
Sia ae R. 164 


polypodioides 36, 37 
Pomeroy & Fischer, Messrs. 180 
Pond-cypress 53, 81-86, pls. 246, 247 
Poplar 


96 
Pop ulation in ce Cypress and 
247 


upal 

Prain, David 1 

Pre ee See T Méteotolony under 
N. ae Garden 

OM. 


z, H. 
Prickly. pear, 
Opp. Pp. 169, 
Prickly-pears 25, 26, 29-31, 108, 161, 
162, 164, 169-178 
Primrose 89 
Privet 56, ae 
Protea fami 
ge mazophala 164 
Pter 


20 
crow-foot 168 pl. 252, 
170 


m 33 
Publications, see N. Y. Botanical 
Garden 
Purchases 22, 80, 202 
Kittredge, . M. 22 


Rose, J. N. 

'urdie, oWillia iam. ey 
Purpleheart 11r 
Pycananthemum Loomisii 165 


Quassia amara 115 
Quercus 35 
imbricaria 
mreratane 
Quest of lost pa In (Pls. 251, 252) 161 


ishes 89, 142 

Rates 4r 

Rainfall, see N. ¥. anes Garden 
Rain tree pl. 248, aye 

Rand, F. V. 139. 


240 


Rapp, Severein 33 Sabai Etonia pl. 241, opp. p- 29 
Razymoufskya 180 Lenbanehits IIT 
Rea, P. 172 Palmetio p’ oa opp. p. 29 
Recent trip to British aie Report Rereasery Anton 
on a (Pls. 248, 249) I. te 
-bay 170 
Red-cedar 170, I9r Sree 
Red-gum 35, 45 Scmicnes Sami pl. 248, opp. P. 129 
Red-hot pokers 199 Sambucus 60, 93 
Red Maple 1 IQL intermedia 49 
d-h Further ‘amyda 112 
145 and pine 26, 32 
Rehder, Alfred 62 ‘ansevieria 88 
Reichenbach 202 antolina 88 
Reilly, J. B. oF argassum 115 
Rendle, A. B. 205 sargeret 4 
Report, by the Director-in-Chief upon arracenia minor 47 
a visit to botanical institutions in assen, Farther 108 
En, means i aunders, Miss 207 
recent trip to British aw-cabbage palm 53 
2 Whe. chy Ae 129 s Sematy 35:47 
Recast: fern cheepers, Inc., John 125 
Retinosporas 93 cl heult, 7 E. 108 
Rhaphidophyllum 35 Scheult, pe 1Iro, 116 
Rhipocephalus 98 chizaea 
- Rhipsalis ae de ea 
hododend. Schultz, J. V. 9 
podadenron Chepmeni 124 Scroph diarigeese 59, 73, 78, 125, 
hodop ae Palmetto 30, pl. 241, opp. - "9 
ibes ee F. J. 16-18, 64, 118, 125, 139, 
icker, P. L. 1: a 80, 209 
iddle, L. W. Co. ‘lection ions by 23 
iver-cypress es Ba, 84-86 pl. 247 Publications during 1919 71 
oberts, E. A. Securidaca 105 
obinson, E. A. os Sei 
obinson, Mrs. E. A. 106 35 
ock, J. T. 193 Setchell, W. A. 20, 21, 60, 140 
odriguez, L. 193 Sounlty in ae 
ogers, C. H. 29 Shear, C. L. 1 
ogers, C. S, 104 Sheehan, Thomas 92 
‘olfe, R. A. 202 Sherard 2 
ollins, Pinckney Shingle a 192 
ose, J. N. 42, 1 Aae Shirreff, Patrick 5 
ose, J. N. & Britton N. L. Publica- Short-leaf pine 27 
tions ‘during 1 ag 2 . 
Rose 40, : ae 
garden 141 Sie ics L. H. 160 
mallow 194 Silver-palm 
Rosemary Sim: C 
Roupala montana 111 Sindler, T. E. 92 
Rowland, W. R. 101 kan, S. A. 202 
Rubee trees, Para 106 Slater, Miss 228 
Rubiace: Slocombe, Emily 
dus Small, J. K. 19, sere a: 124, 126 
Rusby, H. H. Publications during Coltections by 24, 80, 100 
T9I19 70 Public: San during 1919 71 
Rusk, H. MALL, J. K. 
Russula vir ida; 
Rydberg, P. A. the relation of Pi oneseonn 
Pu Elications searing IgI9 70 to the drif lation as shown 


241 


in the case of Taxodium (Pls. Stout, A. B. Conference notes 16, 41, 
245-247) 81 60, 78, 97 

In quest +s lost cacti; cactus The aims and methods of plant 
hunting the Carolinas in breeding 1 
winter Pls, 251, 252) 161 ie Mrs. os 


ae 
ancient dunes; a § \wherr: ae ee 
ord of exploration in Florida § tretlons spi 47 
in December 1918 (Pls. 241, 242) turtevant, Gra 
; Is. 243-244) 45 1 a R.S§. 


25; (Pl ) urtevant, 

ymilax 171 ugarberry 35 
mith, G. M. 42 ugar-beet 5, 6, 15 
mith, H. G. 79 umach 145 
mith, J. D. 36 ummer Field Meeti f pathologi 
mith, M, 204 and mycologists in New York and 
napdragons 199 Connecticut % 
nowball 76 eee Prof. 1 
nowberry 76 ea rtz I. 
nyder, W. F. 92 Swe ‘el i. Cc. o 
oar, John 52 Swingle, W. T. 42, 193 

bol. Philip 92 Somphoricarpos ‘6 
olanaceae 59 Syri 96 

sti I 

olidago Tabebuia 115 


oldiers oa nd sailors, Vocational edu- Tabernaemontana 114 
cation in gardening for disabled and tamale 170 


convalescent 87 ‘amarix 93 
Sophora tomentosa 115 rer wa, J. M. 
Sour-grass 130, 165 Tare, Nathaniel 19 
Southern-elder 49 Taxodium 
Southwick, cscenden a pl. 247, 85 
Publications during 1919 71 dis m 82, 85 
jpanish-moss 49 eee asia pl. 247, opp. p. 85 
Spathiphyllum 105 distichum 
Spatter-docks 50 Taxus “Rovidane Ba 
Spaulding, Perley 124, 139 Taylor, Norman 55 


Special instruction in " practical garden- Taylor, William 201 
ing 42 Tectaria he ha 36 
Spermatophytes, The geographical dis-~ Thalas. 
prea eae ‘i 


Thistle alae 124 


Spinach 89, 142 

Spleenwort, ae I7I, 175 Thomas, H. 

Sprague me Thysanella robusta 48 
Spreng Tick-seeds 166 


ER 
Spring pees 125 
Ore 


orobolus muralis 131 Tipulavia 1 
Spurge 166 Tisdale, W. B. 139 
Squamariaceae 98 en Lae 
nee ee a Torrey, John 165 

phylea 93 Torreya 28, a 
Steele, ee M. 92 Tree-f 

e-lerms 
Stars iphom TIS Trees, ‘Abou 1 Pa ulownia 7 
Stewart, Edward 137 Trees ciica by Meadow Mice 94 
Stew: art, Mo see ae Tremele sparassoidea 
Stillman, G. L. 138 Trip British Guiana, Report on a 
Stinking cedar a t (PI Is. 248, 249) 120 
Stork, H. E. 193 Tri “inidad i iti 
Stout, A. B. 16, 18, 42, 62, 78, 79, 98, Esa Iss 
118, 139 adoutdraien 147 
Publications during 1919 71 .ltrianthophora 147 


Trumpet-creeper 59 
Trumpet-creeper Family 59 
ryon, William 164 


» M. 
Tyler, A. A. a 


Udotea 98 

Uimus 35 

Ulrich, nae oe 
Urich, F. 

Urtica Buiter 35 


Valota insularis 1. 

Vanilla 53, 54 
articulata 53 
Eggersit 54 
pha ee 53 
in Mon: 


Venetian mallow 192 
‘e) trap 171 


Vervain Family 58 
Verbena 

Vernonia tog 

Viburnum 74, 75, 76, 93 


Vicent, a & as Richard 138 
Vilmorin, le 5 
Vi 


‘inca 88 

‘ines, S. H. 206 
Vines, Mrs. S. H. 207 
Viola a 165, 166 


165, 166 
Virginia, Botanizing at Blacksburg I9r 


Visit to botanical institutions in Eng- 
Jand, Report by the Director-in- 
Chief upon 

Vitex 


Vocational education in gardening for 
disabled on convalescent soldiers 
and sailor: 


Wachenfelt, ees de 42 


Wallace, A. H. 73 
lace, R. W. 1 

Walnuts 191 

Ward, Mr. 1 


242 


‘Warner, Henry 111 
Water-lilies 50 
Watson, E. E. 19, 139 
yaa | tree 74. 
Weigei 


E. M. 6. 
novi « Sheri 98, 
116 


Wid pimento of Jamaica, The 3 


es 
Be 


.O.1 
Williams, R. S. fiesiehs by 24 


gz I9IQ 72 


Co 
ublications during 
Willow 93, an 
Willis, J. C. 


d 7. 
Woerter, Charles 92 
Woman's Nati 


Xanthoxalis 166 
Xerocarpaceae 178 
Xyris 106 

upon td 
Yellow-buttons 34 
ee ewe 34 
Yew 28, 93 
Pucca ee 


Zamia foridana 28, 31 


marina 61, 62 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr Robert Abbe, 


aniel Guggenheim, 
Murry Guggenheim, 


J. Horace Harding, 


Walter 7 Ties 
Walter B. Jennings, 
Otto H. Kahn, 

Prof. James F, Kemp, 
Darwin P. Kingsley, 
w. V. Z. Lane 


Af Pirpont sean, 
Dr. Lewis R. Morris, 
ae R. Newbold, 
C. D. Norton, 


Eben E. Ole 
Prof. Henry F one 
Chas. Zamir Pack, 


James R. Pitcher, 
Ira A. Pl 
Hon. Anning S. Prall, 


Ch 
Dr.W. Gil: ompeen, 


y, 
Felix M. Warburg, 
Paul M. Warburg, 
tinghouse, 
ea wes inthrop, 
Grenville L, Winthrop, 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 


Mrs, Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. Delancey K 
Mr 


rs. 
Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Mrs. Sag I. Pratt, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, 
Mre. John I. Kane, 


Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 
Mrz. F. K. Sturgis, 


Mrs. F. F. Thompeca, 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


4. Benefactors 
ay hema of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by 
gift o o be a benefactor of the Garden. 


2. Patrons 
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
r by Lh q hall title th Pealsa to bea Pp + f +h Garden. 


3. Fellows for Life 
ihe crpeipincaa: # $1000. 00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
fellow for life of the Garden, 
4, ne Members 


Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more rt and become fellows 
for life when their payments aggregate $1,000. 


5. Sustaining Members 

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become 

fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1,000.00. 
6. Annual Members 

Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. 
All members are entitled to the following privileges: 
Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of 
M 


» 


anagers. 

Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board 
of pase 

A copy of all handbooks daar nf ae Garden. 

A copy of all annual repo: d Bul 

A copy of the monthly “a 

Privileges of the Board ag 


7. Life Members 


Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee 
of $250.00. 


AnEe 


ee 
_ Members are invited to ask any questions they d toh d 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. ee will accompany any members 
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building 
at 3 o'clock. 


Form of Bequest 


T heredy bequzath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under 
the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 
i 


y y 
wy 4 
1 J 


ta 


sees 


Reteter 


JOURNAL 
OF 


Tue New York Boranicat GARDEN 


VoLUME XXII, 1921 


PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE 
Davin Lypic Funp 


BEQUEATHED By CHARLES P. DaLy 


JOURNAL 


~~ The New York Botanical Garden 


R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


VoLuME NNIT 
Wirth 13 PLaTes 


1921 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 


At 8 West KinG STREET, LANCASTER. Pa. 
INTELLIGENCER Partniinc Co. 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PresiIDENtT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
Vice-PRESIDENTS { 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 


J 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE. 
SecRETARY—N, L. BRITTON 


ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 


IENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
?AUL D. CRAVAT: ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE pesos 


Term expires January, 19 


EDWARD D. AM: JOHN L. ees 
ROBERT W. os POREST J. P. MORGAN 
JANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 1924 
VN. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
AENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
N. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


THE Me OF THE City of New YorEe 
N. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE aie OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. apa agen Ss 


cee ROA. ER, Chairman 
See P. BICK PROF. FREDERIC a 
NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER eae ANNING S. P 
aROF- WILLIAM J. GIES On HERBERT 1 ‘RICHARDS 


?ROF. JAMES F, KE MP OF. HENRY H. RUSB 


GARDEN ST 
DR. N. L. BRIT "A. GLEASON, in-Chief oe Administration) 


tt , Supervisor of _ aes Inst 
VOBERG ee stow g Pla 
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, 7 (rlowerless Plants) 


Cur 
DR. ee SEAVER, Curator ‘lowerless Hoe ») 
ROBERT §. WILLIAMS, rs manus ose 
PERCY WILSON, Ass ‘rh Cur 
ue ES A. ore ORD. aoa ciate Coa 
A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboraio: pe 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY LOW, Litrerion Bibliographer 
br 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic enone 
eas G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosse. 
R. AR LLICK, Paleobotanist 


ARTHUR SE CORBETT, ibeminied of Buileias oe Gipal 
NETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prof. 11: nry F. Osborn, 
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Edwar J. Montgomery Hare, He 
Charles B. ae ae Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson, 
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, 
John W., cece J. Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place, 
George F. Baker, T. A. Havemeyer, Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
Stephen Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand, 
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edmund L. Baylies, rcher M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H Ric! : 
ne P ; iter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
ings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emle velt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. Jame: s F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, w. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, De: Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. eee S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, 
Hon. ua = Clark, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 
Everit Macy, James S; r, 
Mari e Bron oe Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, 
‘aul D. Cc atheson, i 
Charles nae ge eny, . B. Thayer, 
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Emerson McMillin, Charles G. elisa on, 
Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, W. Boyce Thompso 
Samuel W. Fairchild, ohn L. Merrill, Dr. W. Gilman eaeee 
William B. O. Field, Ogden Mi! Louis iffany, 
James B i . Og ills, Felix M. Warburg, 
Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morga: Pa . W rg, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis orris, Ailen Wardwell, 
. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, . HH. bis Stage 
Daniel Guggenheim, Cc. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, 
Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Woe 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Harold I. P, tt, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt 
rs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, rs. Benson B. Sloan, 
Mrs. Charles D, Dickey, Mrs. V. Everit pane Mrs. Theron G. Strong 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. Cabot Ward. , 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. age Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs, F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss coe P.Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


No. 253. JANUARY. 


Lae ad of Alvin h CE 1 
Wild Flow of New York Adee 12 


William Harris eee eee aes 13 
Bequest of Mary J. Kingsland hebax 15 
November and December 15 
Notes, 20 
pees wiiais tlie seaancvecd sad tered ea 22 
No. 254. FEBRUARY. 
Old Trails and New Discoveries......... 00.00 ccc ce ceccecerceccuceeee 25 
The Pr Rapes areas Cand 40 
r Lynde S 44 
Fanny Bridgham Fund 45 
Greenhouse Lectures.........0....0 0000 ccc cece ee eee igaiee AO 
Conf Ni for January : : 47 
Notes, News and Comment...........0. 000.0000 cc ccc eee eee ene 48 
No. 255. Marcu. 
on Trails and New Discoveries ( C ontinued) 49 
Succession of Reservoir 64 
Notes, ia and Comment 66 
Accessio: 68 
No. 256. APRIL. 
i a Pest 73 
Tropical Trees: with] Ligt Wo0d sien si elena Bl eta atl 75 
holars _ Students of the New York Botan- 
_ical Garden During a Year 19 ze 
i) 
t NI Macct a 87 
Notes, N 1 Comments. 242 aes negate prego aces es sie 2 BG ee GH 89 
PRCCOSSIONS cern shay cate eve eccct etic cede aoe ee nee tnt hueettd beet follies a caety See te 91 
No. 257. May. 
Further B ical Studies in Trinidad 
Notes, Ni ae n 
No. 258. JUNE. 
Stewardson Brown........-.-. 020s sll, 
Visit ‘from High School as ie 
Notes, h 
Accessions 


viii CONTENTS 


No. 259. Juty. 


Seminole Bread—The Conti.........0000 000. cece eee eee eet tt 121 
The New Toc ied! Gos Entrance and Fencing on the Southern 
Boulevard. es. siseosicdcae ecce by aces conse eden cian wines ete velee eae 138 


The 1921 Dahlia Border 
A T 


Notes, N: 
Accession 


No. 260. AUGUST. 


Geo 145 

Studies ae ee in Cooperation with the State Experiment Station at 
Geneva Na Visita alate nero a Metical enable 4 aioe aaa ae 

The “Workings " of Long Lake eo ey ise 

Notes, Ni dc ms 159 


No. 261, SEPTEMBER. 


anizing in British Guiana 161 
ee the Juniata River; 533 id. Gis cke ag Goi ovate oe acne ys Saas 168 
The Lo: im 


ss of a La arge 2 Pa 


r. P 
xT rl 
Accessions 
No, 262. OCTOBER. 
; Rhododend oe ee 
Notes. Ni 1c ie 
: fy 190 
ACCESSIONS 5 cee bt ag ES Ah Get ee dace BAe Be Vays cobb ete I9I 
Historic Trails t 
The Pal 
¢ NI € 
Notes, Ni 1 BRS ete 8! Ssh St Hake eon ee 
Accessions 229 
Index 231 


Vol. XXII January, 1921 No. 253 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
Reminiscences of Alvan Wentworth Chapman......................... 1 
Wild’ lowers Of New YOEk:. ......)0.swesicseneedseeeescietsccsnsicencnes 12 
OCA ERIN GEA AT IAG. Sic ciayee a alate coe wid aie bln Wee onTardMnN Cte claire w coal apMolents ate 13 
Bequest of Mary J. Kingsland............... 0.0.02 c cece cece eee ees 15 
Conference Notes, November and December.......................000- 15 
Notes, News and Comment..............0ceecce cece cece cece deneennens 20 
MARAIS SR et) Da) San ele ewig ial call Bieta SD Alea IRIE ae dln’! ya b's Wares rosin 22 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
LANCAS’ A 


AT8 TER, P. 


INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
WARD 
Vick-PRESIDENTS eae W. DeFOREST 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 


crus an ae BALDWIN MURR Ue le ae 


DO Pi are 
"WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS' 


Term expires January, 192 : 


EDWARD D. pa JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL CUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 192: 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS Paani Be 
HENRY W. de FOREST ee R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE spelen OF THE City oF NEw YorK 
N. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE pe OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
BL SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
EOE. R. A. HARPER, Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICK PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING 
PROF. WILLIAM J. ERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 


DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 


R. H. A. GLEAS ON, ais ee ‘or (Administ tration) 


DR. JOHN ee eat Head. tas f the Museums Akers Plants) 


A. MURRIL Ly Supecsor of Public I 


RANC ‘ura 
GEORGE v. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of iiauee 
T, Director of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliogropher 
SARAH H. HARLOW, A ‘arian 
SBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic slog 


ARTHUR ‘7 COR BETT, Superintendent of iitdeiees b na Uileits 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII January, 1921 No, 253 


REMINISCENCES OF ALVAN WENTWORTH CHAPMAN 


In answer to the door-bell early one morning in December, 


part 2 Flor: ae growing in our front yard. Would we give 
him some information concerning it? J started out by telling 
him i iene name of the plant, that it was a cycad, and 
that it had relatives in the West Indies and in the Old oS 
kno ] “Wha 


I want to know is, where did you get it?” ened my eyes 
a bit and really looked at him. “If you know that much you 
do know somet ing — plants,’ I remarke e nodded 


a they might be 


g 
3 
oO 
i) 
oO 
3 
aq 
oO 
an 
< 
= 
ct 
> 
5 
5 
wm 
} 


Doctor 
ae to others. Hence ‘the cleat notes 


is document, aes at the request of the undersigned, is a welcome 
sain to uae too scant Chapman biographies and is the first written aes 
who ean inkumate: “ciend of the subject of the. sketch, as we ell a the 


man 


ists of America. It is particularly fitting that it be published in our aa 


1 


2 


saw Doctor Chapman! first in April, 1887. We had come 


octor Chapman took his meals here. One day he saw my 
mother working around a syringa bush—one of the relics of a 


Doctor Chapman’s main and original herbarium, the one on which t 
fet edition of his ‘Flora of - euaaatt United States” was based, is now 
mong the collections at w York Botanical Garden. Among hi 
aes at the Garden is hi x Catal logue of pane Plants,"’ a manuscript 

which was the basis of his ‘‘Flora.’"—Joun K. SMALL. 
1 Alvan Wentworth as son of aa and Ruth Priel. Chapman, 


mons she : 879. 
the University of No rth Ca colin na rane -hapman the degree of 
LL.D. He died a poroe April 6, 1860: in ane ninetieth year.—Joun 
HENDLEY BaRNHA 


3 
once ia garden—which was struggling ae life ae 
overwhelm odds. ‘‘The Doctor,” as we learn 
call him, came over and said, ‘‘Madam, I sce ee you ce 
wers. 


rom that day on an intimacy, then established between 
this grand old man and my family, held firm until his death in 


his ninetieth For in time business brought our family 
permanently to Apalachicola and we built a home 

We bui €; y mother planted a garden! h, 
what a delightful ti e “The Doctor” did have—experi- 
menting with impossibilities! When merican ship 
brought up clay f e ‘‘Rio de la Plata” as ballast, and my 
father had it spread over the garden, Docto pman’s interest 
grew apace. He watched each “weed"’ that cro up 


Ic e him ees as he ae to look as he walked on ahead 
ane es japanned box of specimens; for he was one of the 
gentlemen of the old school, and sturdy a girl as I might be, my 


1 Amo: ng the plants early aerate into that garden ae still eee is 
eferred to. ether rom e art of 


know It is typica’ mia floridana, which grows more or less abundantly 
in pinelands from the latitude of Gainesville to the lower Flori eys. It 
oO w generally known that Doctor Chap once visited <ey West 


r 
said, ‘I saw Dr. Blodgett at Key West ae years io 

a northern part of the ae 
which region Doctor Chapman doubtless ea. or he may ro 
it back with him from Key West. This plant was, very likely, native on Key 
West before its pinelands were devasted, or it r ve b 
there from plants derived from the nearby Miami region, which is 

i i ar b 


the oct 

ee of fhe Kimball Race as well as in other front yards in the 

JK. 

7 Be ides the pinelands, the titi a or titi bay is one of the most promi- 

s hi nate Apalachicola | reg zion. The titi, 

e, known botanically as phy i 
plant feature’ When in flower Hea myriads of snow- -white flower- clusters 
eclipse all other vegetation —J. K 


4 


sex forbade me to carry sah ing. Doctor Chapman was a 
y handsome man. He stood over six i a hair was of 
het fine white fextite hat is likened t , but in reality 
as no similarity; it was the kind o anne. i that age 
clean thought give toa man. A brain had to do clear Sk 
to be thatched with such white hair. His eyes were clear a 
blue, and with all the enthusiasm and purpose of youth in nae 
glance. He was even a bit of a dandy and always wore dark 
blue suits. He was insistent that he was a New Englander, as 
he was by birth; ot his profile spoke of that hardy Puritan 
He y dignified in his movements—he walked 
bey with o alanis ene) a habit untae from search- 
ing the ground for its shy flowers. When he did not have tha 
tin box, his hands were clasped behind his back. 
deaf, a his sight was remarkably good, with the exception 
noted b 
In his ok pias Chapman must have been a hard man— 


ery 


very stern of ose. I remember his telling my mother 
stories of the war a confirm this idea. “I w. nion 
"he said; ‘(and right there my wife and I disagreed. For 


in Marianna he I never saw her during those 

four years es, I heard from her e ent me four 

shirts. They were very good shirts, iss I thanked her for them 
hat was all he war was over she return 


e 
miss her? Yes, some—but, my fae friend, those were very 
stirring years.” 

Yet he disliked to talk of those days, and many of the stories 
that I heard of that time came from a mutual friend, who wa 
the son of one of the Doctor’s patients and a satellite of his, 


for such t 
lasted. ‘That is why you will stil find ee in my pew,” 


5 


e used to say. “If I must hide, I decided that I might as well 


io) e, he was the only surgeon in the city, and that fact 
saved his life; even his enemies had a wholesome fear of 
he diseases th re rife during Dixie’s tumultous four years 


“But,” he said, ‘’I would not have given a sixpence for my life 
many times during those four years.’ 
ndersonville prison was sit Sue near the Flint River. All 
ist h 


ee creatures were hiding in the marsh. Then Doctor 
Ch uld i 


seis vessels. 

Often the boy went alone, for the Doctor was watched too 
closely to oh the trip. But it was fine sport for the lad. ‘‘ Never 
have I been so royally treated as I was on board those Yankee 
cruisers,’ he said. ‘‘And the worst of it was, I had to go back 
home and hold my tongue when my mother told father I was 
entirely too young to join our town guard.’ 

But to return to our subject. 

“T did not do much botanical work in those days,” the 
Doctor would say; “I was too busy doctoring. Still, dear 

i fi 


easing a soul in or out of the world I did my best practice vith 
a rae and bread pills.” 

asked him when he began to really botanize. He answered, 
oe love for all flowers began to develop soon after I came 


6 


pe 1 2 think i ae began to give up my medical eaten 

o plants when I went up to Marianna 
the summer after he mattox and visited my wife. I us a to 
walk through the fields a good deal, and I aes to note the 
humors and peculiarities of the growing thin: e smiled. 
Ge h ad had quite enough experience with ae ills by that 


— am not sure but I think it was several years after this time 
that he met Doctor Torrey in Florida, and they ranged through 
the hills in the region where the Flint and the Chattahoochee 
Rivers meet to form the Apalachicola River.? I know that the 
story of is discovery of the Torreya taxifolia® by his friend Mr. 
Croom was very dear to his heart; and he was always trying to 


lived. And they make fence posts of it at Alum Blu 


I octor Torrey was dated ‘‘Gadsden Co. 
1835” and mailed : Oui incy the same day. This and four 


and enthusiasm at that time. T & Gray, Flora 1: 355 3. ntion 
Doc apman ‘‘an accurate and indefatigable b: ist. "— s 
octor Torrey made a pilgrimage to the Chattahoochee country in 


t 
winter of 1872, the year before his death—many years after the tree in ques- 
tion had been area an nd nomen in his honor. He never published an 


J. 
7Un the present pales of botanical nomenclature this tree is known as 
Pinion ‘nuit ium. 
+ The tree, evidently, does not transplant a thrive readily. However, 


to Doctor Torrey at New York by Mr. Croom the discoverer. One of these, 


sent to Newburgh, New was lost sight of; the other, planted in Central 
N , grew, and furnished sprigs of foliage w! ew b 

members at the formal! organization of the Torrey Botanical Club (1867) 
and at Doctor Torrey’s funeral 73). This tree is, a ently not now 
livin, . Asa Gray records in rican Agriculturist for 1875 that, 
“T have been told that two seedlings of Terreya which M room n 
near his ho at Quincy, da and which had become stately trees, have 
recently been demolis' by the present proprietor; also t tre 


at 
Croom's planting still flourishes in the grounds of the state-house at Tal lla- 


7 


He was aa and patient, and as a teacher was most interest- 
h 


ing. He many plans for , which i thful 
egotism i aie I know now that I should have done well 
had I followed this friendly counsel. He wanted me to take up 


hi 
mantle of his is research. When I failed him he closed in 
upon himself; for he had no children of his ow 

M 


rs. Chapman was a widow with one daughter are Doctor 
Chapman married This erie married Do Chap- 

's most intimate friend, and the two children of this marriage 
were treated his ow! ddaugh W 
one these you ies visited Europe h e entrée 
into the highest social circles. The second brother of the ol 
German Emper illiam I was an eager bo , and e: 


an ‘or am botanist, and he be- 
came a friend of this young lady. All court circles were opened 
e 


the tor got wind of 
the stepchild’s immediate return to ari ca. 
memuorie those 


done under a microscope. He looked up as I entered. ‘‘Come 
here, my child,’’ he said, ‘‘ and look at these.” 
I looked, and I grant you that I saw wise interesting in 
dt 


t he continued: “Behold the hand of ae Almighty at 
its incredible task! The a . these ahaa ferns are 
all coordinated in multiples ur. an exception. 
And if the All Seeing has one his law of fe to even these 


“There are three or four specimens of Torreya on the Capitol 
Tall 1 «nth 


roun parts of town, 

ation recently received from Doctor R. M. Harper. Of course, aes and 

Tallahassee are not far from the general region for Torreya. A paper on 

Torreya and its aaa was published by Doctor Chapman in the Bot- 
1885.—J. K.S. 


8 


minute aier has he not so governed the whole world that no 
man need fear 

That was as near as he ever came to ae ‘religious.’” In 
fact, he was called an ‘‘irreligious’’ man. That was because 
in his day men who did not underscore every letter of the Credo 
were called heathens. 

“The pendulum had to swing back the other way," he would 
exclaim, “My father was a ‘blue Presbyterian,’ predesti- 
nation, damnation, and all the rest made life, the Sabbaths 
especially, miserable to me. oo pul ed that old pendulum 
too fa th 


have a creed,” he said to me on another occasion, “it 
is summed up in these words: 
‘He prayeth best who loveth best 
All things both great and small; 
For the dear God who loveth us, 
He made and loveth all.’ ” 
On his return from a visit north, where he met Doctor Gray 
for the last time, he told us of a visit that the two friends made 
to pia ee ’s old home. 


“We went all over the old place,” he said. “It looked very 
much as a used t hen I was a boy. don’t change 
much up there. V I walked out into the garden, there I 
saw the brass sugar kettle of the old ti W eyes 


en w —_ they put me to stir the boiling syrup—and I letit 
bur 


His face hardened as he remembered his injury. 

“It was an unmerciful licking I got,” he eae “and an un- 
just one. When I saw that kettle my gorge rose—I said out 
loud, ‘Damn that kettle.’ How Gray laughed ie en he under- 

ood!” 


Doctek Chapman told me one evening of another incident 


for Doctor Gray died th ason following. seems that he 
and his friend, Gray, were eset ularly hae in violets, and 
Doctor ria said that there was a violet in New En nglan 

that Gray did not have in his collection. Now, botanists will 
understand all e ae of such a declaration, for it be- 
came imperative for Doctor Chapman to prove his statement. 


9 


So he made a trip up to the country town where he had remem- 
bered finding this shy sister. It was late in the season, but he 
ped im -seare nd se: 


hoped to find one single specimen. He hed and searched, 
but could find nothing. He gave up and was returning to catch 
his train atter would h lie over another year, 


m: ve to € 
but, just before he came to the station, right there in a corner 
of the fence, he found his violet—a perfect specimen in every 
— wa’ 
edie: it get there?” he cried. ‘‘You need not tell me 


eyes weren't directed to it. Just remember the multiples 
of four of those spores! Anyhow, I took and I said, 
‘T tha en ow the violet is in Doctor Gray’ 


story of h nd’s vis: I had been writing Gray that I 
h found a new Rhododendron, an etween yo e 
really think it was this plant that brought him South j 
went Fortunately, he came early enought to catch 
the pretty witch in bloom ook him o the reaches where 
he flower gr always looked white to me, but id 
it ‘blushed pink.’ He looked at it several moments, then he 
knelt down on studied it closely. When he arose he came and 
offered me his hand. ‘You are right,’ he said. ‘I never saw 


1¢T will not here give any account of a delightful ten ce episode, [at 
Apalachicola] Then followed a week and m at dead and 
dilapidated, but still charming: Apalachicola, where the ache opens 
Monday evenings, when the steamboat arrives, and closes for a week the 


in the paper from whic is q . 
visit to Pate nes Torreya. toe, he never wrote, at least never pub- 
lished a furt i t Apalachicola.—J. K. S. 


10 


I congratulate you on Rhododendron seeeciane 


this species. 


described in shade and hue 
ive mind will su 


eighty he started to study German. 


r his v 
of that country; for oe apman was as well known 
he was at hom 


There is one other story that he told us cat is of interest to 
more ie n just his lige friends. He was a great = of 
Doctor Gorrie, 1 perhaps the dearest, nen friend that great 

‘John Gorrie was born at Charleston, South Carolina , October T 3, 1803. 
He settled in Apsacnccl: as a physician in 1833, and: resided there until 
his death, June 18, 4855. Artificial ice had b mental 


11 


scientist had, and his account of the uae oa of manufactured 
ic . holds enough interest to bear reco 

“One day Gorrie came to me back of as ee rr counter, 
where I was making bread pills, I believe, and his eyes danced 


xplained t well 
nena od how such a need would oe ict ee i 
cian 


So,” he continued, ‘I asked him, ‘have you got it?’ We 
cr Apa over to his home, and there he showed us the first piece 
of manufactured ice. He had stumbled on it indeed! ‘You've 

Y 


make the ice!’ He did it. We won the wager. And we had 
the ice! It was a great dinner we had that night.” 
“How much did Doctor Gorrie hae from his invention?” 
s head. 


served as an excuse for an isolation that he welcomed. 
WINIFRED KIMBALL 


t 


way for century, but he 
machine for aoe use. Recopnition of Gorrie as one of the ee bene- 
factors of the human race has been slow. Even now, when there is a monu- 
a to ds memory at Apalachicola and a statue in the Gaile at Washing. 

ay search through the long article upon “refrigeration” in the 
ae pie of the Enc Topeedis as without finding any mention 
of Gorrie’s name.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHAR 


12 


WILD FLOWERS OF NEW YORK 


New York State Museum has recently completed t 


he 
publicati its Memoir No. 15, containing descriptions an a 
illustrations of selected wild flowers inhabiting the state, written 
ry er H , State ist. is Memoir 
issued in two parts, of about equal size, containing collectively 


ual 
264 plates ioctl n color, reproduced from photographs taken 
by Dr. Hou 


any person of ordinary scientific education can aoe them 
without effort. The distribution and habitat the plants 
illustrated are given. There is a complete res of illustrations 
and a comprehensive index 
The excellent photographs taken by Dr. Sie are reproduced 
for the most part with great accuracy and the color reproduc- 
i ry tru ture. The 


he 
climate, and also to increase interest in the preservation of many 
a 


It is with sual pleasure that we are adie these two 
el volumes to t brary of the Garden, and express our 
appreciation of this work to se, student of 

k Botanical Garden in 1 ,a eum aid 


since 1913. At the same time we would congratulate Dr. John 

M. Clarke, Director of the State Museum, on the successful 

production of this important work, so largely due to his interest 
and encouragement. 


13 
WILLIAM HARRIS 


. William Harris, Assistant Director of igs and 
st island h We 


several botanical gardens and a ee of the colony, 
Hope, Cae a an 
Hari a born naturalist; = Bae became interested in 
the nae cent ion of Jamaica and studied it intensively up 
to the time his fatal illness incapacitated him, serving practi- 
ist in additi : : 


ar botanist 1 ition to his official gardening and 
agricultural duties; thes ok him widely over the isl 
a ition to visits | to the gardens under his soa and he knew 


they have ever been Piiowh by any one. 

The care of the herbarium at Hope Gardens came under his 
charge, and he soon began collecting specimens to increase it, 
with such diligence that his collection has now become one o 
the most important repositories of botanical information in 
tropical America; his botanical collecting was begun as early as 
1891, when, ae umine an arbitrary number 5000 to represent 
ee f : : 


he continually increased it up to 12909, preserving, a rule 
everal duplicate specimens of each number, which find ae 


14 


way to museums in Europe and America, where they are highly 
in coopera ation with 


aida by a number of species, new to Science, named i 
his r, by the Cactus genus Harrisia and by the Orchid 
genus " Hatrisiella. 

N. L. Britton 


1Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 245~250. 

2 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 229-236. 

3 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 81-90. 

4Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 163-172 
1 


5 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 99- fos. 


15 
BEQUEST OF MARY J. KINGSLAND 


A bequest of five thousand dollars to The New York Botani- 
K 


cal Garden by Mrs. Mary ingsland, was received from the 
executors of her estate in the summer of 1920 on recom- 
Endo nt Committee this gift has been 


iron railings needed, which it is nee to obtain, at reasonable 
cost, during the winter or early sp 
This entrance to the Henieauel ee is for pedestrians 


t n 
and along the Bronx Boulevard, and will add about four hundred 
feet to the permanent fencing of the reservation. 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER 
AND DECEMBER 


November conference of the Scientific Staff and Regis- 
tered Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the 
museum building on Wednesday, November 3, 1920, at 3:30 

‘The program was as follows: “‘Intersexes in grapes” by Dr 
ica”’ by Dr. F. 

Dr. Stout sea on the types of flowers in grapes with 

ment Station at Geneva, N. Y., in cooperation with me eties 


cultural Department of the Station. Here are grow 
named varieties of European and American grapes whch afer 


16 


material for a study of flowe er types in varieties whose perform- 
k There are also several 


io} 
wa 
ct 
rad 
a 
Oo 
o 
2 
3 
t+ 
B 
Fs) 
cot 
oO 
By 
= 
° 
ia 
n 
ot 
c 
a 
a 
oO 
wn 
g, 


e S' 
ieee sorts in such crosses may, however, give different re- 


The most effective course in breeding for the development of 
seedless sorts is suggested by the conditions of intersealis 
st individuals and varieties producing seedless or near- 


seedless fruits are strongly staminate. The fpr can be used 


17 


as male parents on the latter which do sia a few viable 

seeds. Plants strongly male i an cross plants sa 

male but weakly female and also the n he nu progeny of 

the latter may be obtained. a en way families weEe in fe e- 

maleness may Bony be oa in pene a considerable 

se “ indiv: 
Am 


iduals 
e detailed dieicion of intersexualism in the grape, 
with eens ons of the various types of flowers and with sev- 
eral plates of illustration will be published in the near future. 


Dr. Pennell reviewed his recent study of the American species 


y 
the septicidal dehiscence of which precludes its having been de- 
veloped from that of the other “Veronicas. 


genus of e n Asia and e n North Am It i 


d m. » p 
annual, dep: in me spreading, the leaves mostly alternate, 


a 
es and those with Sea in n specialized axillary ra- 
mes, Euveronica or ‘true Ver 


es rvey Johnston of the University of Queensland, 
Australia was eee at the Conference and spoke very interest- 


ingly and instructively o ission to tl ited States in 
connectio he work of the Prickly Pear Travelling Com- 
i Several species of cacti, commonly called prickly- 


become serious weed pests. They spread rapidly by both seed 


18 


and aa eae propagation and quickly occupy eee land 


and even land under cultivation. Thousands of acres of agri- 
cial aa grazing lands are already cov i owth 0 
these cac e Gov ent of Australia has established a 
ission to consider means of control and extermination of 
this pes ommission has now been ely at work 
since 1914 and has decided that the most promising mea 
control the destruction by ral enemies, especially by 
insects and fun A considerable number o! ural para- 
sites are known to be very os only to cacti and the 
Commission is now searching in many parts of the world for 


such parasites as are suitable for ea into Australia. 


The December conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 
Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the museum 
building, on December 1, 1920, at 3:30 P. M. 

The program was as follows: :Sipacompyls and Centro- 
pogon in South America” by Dr. H. ason. ‘‘The Genu: 
gi coe by Dr. P. Reabee. 

_#H. eS as on ‘Siphocampylus and Centro- 
pogon in Soil th Am These two genera of Lobeliaceae 


hg 
oO 


e °: f 
relation of geographic deeibaren with specific didecodeee. 


19 


Rydberg reported on his work on the genus Diphysa, 


from both the Robinianna and the Ses baat nianeae in the presence 
of a well developed obconic hypanthium below the calyx. 
Diphysa has, as Robinia, odd-pinate — while in the Ses- 
sepieainias a leaves are abruptly pinna 

of Diphysa is D. ee described from 


the species is a true Diphysa, related to D. racemosa, but with 
narrower pod than the other known species 


. B. StouT 
Secretary of the Conference 


20 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Under a. pana in one of the orchid houses at Conserva- 
tory Range s to be found a most interesting plant, Dor- 
Stenia poe is is a member e mulberry family, 


the upper end of a long green scape arising from the crown. 
The structure is like a fig split open. A native of elas 


J. N. Rose has recently come from the press. The first volume 
included two tribes, the Pereakeoe and Opuntieae. This one 


y 
eanae of 9 g It quarto of 239 pages with 4o plates 
and 305 text- ie Published the Carnegie Institution 
of Washington. 

The Women’s Auxiliary Board and the Board of Managers 
of the New York Botanical Garden will entertain the members 
of the Garden at the Waldorf-Astoria on the evening of Febru- 
ary 8. The program will include short talks on various activi- 


Garden. 

Mr. Chas. C. Deam, State Forester of Indiana, widely known 
from his long and detailed studies of the Indiana flora, was a 
recent visitor at the Garden. 

Mr. William W. Diehl of the nes States Department of 
Agriculture, a ashiabion, D. C., recently spent several days in 

rden. 


3 
“< 
Q 
o 
2 
bi) 
ie) 
< 
2° 
3 
a 
~ 
= 
o 
ia 
o 
i) 
3 


Professor C. R. Orton of Pennsylvania State College spent a 
few days in December at the Garden in continuation of his 
studies of certain fungi parasitic on grasses. 

r. . Anderson, i. a oe College at Amherst, 
Massa chusette: spent a few days at the Garden looking over 
the collections of cup- ree Pecparatory to a monograph of the 

ns 


e latter part of aan Dr. P. A. Rydberg made a 


T 
. B. Stout, of the Garden eae rved as a member of 
ree Canmitice of Judges of the Mayor's Genie of. Women 


21 


in judging the exhibits of paper white eae grown by chil- 
dren Ae he Buble schools of Manhat an. About 8,000 bulbs 
d under th direction of the American- 

zation st ara and grown under the supervision of the 
ae rs. The entire exhibit, which was a most creditable one 
making.a fea display of bloom, was assembled at P. S. 


month was 4.73 eke of whi ch 0.20 inches (2 inches snow 
measurement) fell as snow. The maximum temperature re- 
corded for each week were as follows: 56° on the 5th, 51° on 
the 12th, 58° on the ee nd 54° on the 23rd. The minimum 
aaa were 29 on® the 3rd, 24° on the 8th, 21” on the 20th, 
and 14° on the 26th. 

Metros a the year 1920.—The total Lana a at the 
New ical Garden for the year was 46.61% inches. 


inches em ow; 
seer A. 73 ke (including 2 nches snow measurement), 
The total fall of snow for the year was 35 and 14 inches. 


u n 
the morning of the 13th of November when 23° was recorded. 
The report of 19° on Sep. 20 printed in the November number 


22 


= ans Journay is a typographical error; the record for that day 
9°. The latest freezing temperature in spring was on the 
morning of April roth when the temperature of 24° was reached. 


ACCESSIONS 


PLANTS AND SEEDS 
plants for conservatories. (Given by Mr. John Sommer.) 
I ia of Heliconia Edwardus Rex. (Given by Mr. W. B. Thompson.) 
2 ph eee (Giv 


ants of en by Mrs. F. A Constable.) 
I t 0. ‘dia. “(Given r.H. W cker.) 
plants of Iris. (Given by Thos ee & ) 
4 plants of Iris. ( nb r.F. rsfo 


s. 
Given by M H. rd.) 
2 plants of Evecbiooiing Raspberry La France. (Purchased.) 
18 grape plants. (Purchased. 
I pal from Trinidad. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 
plants of MeeNare prolifera. ee eae with Bro. Hioram. 
1 plant of Mi hv.S. 
through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 
214 plants for conservatories and nurseries. (By exchange with Bureau 
of Plant Industry. 
4 ee s of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. 
J.N.R 
9 plants of Castanea mollissima. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant 
Indus 
48 cating of Populus tremuloides vancouveriana. (Given by Mr, G. W. 
Chan 
3 eutings of Saccharum oficinarum. ene by Mr. G. W. Chance.) 
2p ate Mis Mary N. ies 
nt.) 


Nat. Museum, 


7 oa 8 ae Flor ida. (Given by re F FH 


. AL 
2 plants of ysanthemum arcticum. (Given by a ; Matheson.) 
i (Gi Mr. J. J. one 
1 plant of Trillium cernuum. (Given by Mrs a neni ) 
fants of Box Berberi i 


ry.) 
A Coane ) 


~NLL n.) 
1 plant of Cocos nucifera, (By exchange with B eran Coie ) 


23 


28 sae of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. 
J.N.R 
I nie f Robinia grandiflora. tae exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric. 
Forest Service, throug! r. W. W. Ashe 
236 plants for conservatories. (Give n by H. A. Arnold.) 
i J. 


5 rose plants. iven by Mr. J. P. Sorenso’ 
plants for conservatories. eee by Mr. Teka Sommer.) 
72 plants for pin (Purchase: 
3 plants of Opuntia. (B eee with Mr. J. 
59 plants of Penstemon. (Collected by Dr. F. W. P nell. ) 


ave of Bryophyllum pinnatum. (By exchange ice Dr. Walter Mendel- 
so! 
11 plants of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. 
J. N. Rose.) 
1 plant of Tripsacum laxum. (B exchange with a of Indiana.) 
sour 


ed fi ds fr 
203 Dahlia roots, 76 varieties. (Given ae r. M. i: Aces 


32 Dahlia roots, 31 varieties. (Given by Mr. Alfre y) 

47 Dahlia roots lants, 24 varieties. (Given by Mills & 

24 Dahlia roots and plants, 24 varieties. (Given by Mr ouis Alling.) 
30 Dahlia roots and plants, 19 varieties. (Given by MissEmily Slocombe 
27 Dahlia roots and plants, 19 vari (Given il.) 


19 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (Given by Mr. J. K. Alexander. 

25 Dahlia roots, 11 varieties. yy exchange with Mr. Edwin Marquand.) 
23 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (Given by Mr. H. McWhi 

14 lia roots, 14 varieties. (Given b r r 

11 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mrs Stout.) 

15 Dahlia roots, 5 varieties. (Given by Miss Annie Lorenz.) 

7 Dahlia roots, 7 varieties. y exchange with Mr. is.) 


. n.) 
3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (By exchange with pee Ge of Ridg- 
wood, N. J. 
3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. F. P. Quimby.) 
28 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. aide Smith.) 
18 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Frank D. Pelicano & Co.) 
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. C. Frey.) 
6 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. Robert B. Goeller.) 
i Pfluger.) 


112 plants of Iris. (Given b: y Miss cae Sh eaee 
303 plants of Iris. (Given by. Mr. John C. Wister.) 


24 


I See of Iris. (Given by Mr. F. H. ry) 
plant of Portulaca Piles le cted th a cee A.) 
i; lants of Cacti for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. 
Museum, throug oO! 
5 bu lbs a Validatiom tricoceum. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 


ee source: 
Ss 


26 ia of Iris. (Give n by Mrs. Kin ry.) 
(Gan . a a be Kinccdue: ) 
n.) 


y Mr. D. 5S. mate) 
. (Given by Mr. oe Knapke.) 
n by Miss Grace Sturte nt.) 
1 plant of Iris. (Given by Mrs. E. M. Sa ae pies Mrs. C. S. Me- 


Kinney. 
14 plants for nurseries. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 
4 plants of Acer pennsyluanicum. (Collected a ne E. B. Southwick.) 
10 plants of Cacti. ‘ollected by Dr. J. K. Sm 
1 plant of Commelina. (Collected by Dr. F. Ww. Pemel 
2 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Mr. R. L ey.) 
2 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Rea 
i. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr 


a 


3 plants of Cacti 


J. N. Rose. 

6 orchid plants. (By exchange with U.S. Nat. Museum, through Mr. Wm. 
R. Maxon. 

1 plant of Cereus. (Given b: E. W. Poole.) 


1 plant of Iris. (Given by iy Cat oie 
39 plants of Iris. (Given by Mr. C. H. Hall. 
6 plants of Iris. (Given by Mr. J. T. Lov tt.) 
57 plants of Zris. (Given by Mr. Willis E. Fryer.) 
8 plants of Iris. (Given by Mrs. Ella F. Rockwell.) 
15 plants of Zris. (Given by igs Nursery. 

lants o} (Given by . E. M. Buechly.) 

Fendall. 


cine. (Given by Mrs. W. S. 
4 plants from Pennsylvania. ea ee Dr. F. W. Pennell.) 
1 plant of Lactnaria scariosa. (Collected by Mr. he Wilson.) 
5 plants a Pennsylvania. — lected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 
fe (By exchange with A ce Nat. Museum 


through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 

5 bulbs for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat, Museum, 
through Dr. J. N. e. 

68 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with Prospect Park.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
Fritz Achelis, 
Edward D. Adams, 
Charles B. Alexander, 


ry Guggenheim, 


J. Amory Haskell, 
TOA. ed i 


A. Hec 
Henry de Bares Baldwin, Bernhard eee 
rc 


Edmund L. Baylies, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey: 


Ge 
George S. etue er, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, 
William G. Choate, 

. W. A. Clar 


Samuel P. Colt 
Edmund C. Converse, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, 


Glnvelund H. Dodge, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, 
William B. O. Field, 
James B. Ford, 
Henry W. de Forest, 
Robert W. de Forest, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, 
Daniel Guggenheim, 


Members of the Women’s 


Mrs. George A. hae 

Mrs. Robert Bac 

am Elizabeth Billings, 
s. N. L. Britton, 

. Charles D. Dickey, 


. A. Hutcheson, 
=. Walter Jennings, 


er M. Huntington, 

os Iselin, 
Dr. Walter B. James, 
Walter B. Jennings, 
Otto H. Kahn, 
Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Darwin P. pan 
Edw. V. Z. Lan 
Dr. Albert R. Tene 
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
Adolph Lewisohn, 

enneth K. Mackenzie, 
V. Everit Macy, 
Edgar L. ee 


Bien R. Newbold, 
. Norton 
Eben E. Olcott, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 


Mrs. A. A. Low, 
Mrs. Charles MacVeagh, 


Mrs. V. Everit Macy, 
Mrs. Henry Marquand, 
Mrs. George W. Perkins, 


Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. pel Pack, 


Hon. Anning S. Prall, 

harles d, 
Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. H. M. Richards, 
John D. Rockefeller, 
William Rockefeller, 

. Emlen Roosevelt, 

Prof. H. H. Rus 
Dr. Reginald H. eae 
Mortimer L. Schiff, 
Albert R. Shattuck, 
Henry A. Siebrecht, 
William Sloane, 
Valentine P. Snyder, 
James Speyer, 
Frederick Strauss, 
F. K. Sturgis, 
B. B. Thayer, 
Charles G. Thompson 
W. Boyce Thompson, 
Dr. W. ‘Gilman Thompson, 


Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Auxiliary 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


p iiitence 
Mrs. W. 
Mrs. Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members i the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry ne 
Mrs. John I. 


Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, 
Miss Olivia ve P. Stokes, 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs, F. F. Thompson. 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, ! 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 


and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift: 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 
2. Patrons 
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by eift. 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden, 
3. Fellows for Life 
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4. Fellowship Members 
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. | 
5. gapiloairi Members 4 
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ~ 
fellows for life when their av aggregate $1000. 
6. Annual Members 
Annual members pay an annual fee of 
All members are entitled to the following yevileees 


Se 
48 
= 
re) 
a 
a 
co 
7) 
Lag 
° 
iS) 
= 
_ 
o 
° 
or 
o 
= 
o 
2) 
“3 
o 
Be] 
i=} 
=) 
. Qa 
o 
a 
co 
ia 
o 
2 
e 
G 
3.3 
fe} 
o 
ao 
ct 
ct 
pak 
o 
“ay 
fo} 
& 
a. 
° 
= 
B 
Q 
@ 
= 
a 


¥ eran to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of : 
Manag 
A copy “ol ‘all handbooks arate A ee Garden. 
y annual report 


Caleges pele 
2 
° 
2 
~ 
Pp 


Privileges of the Board Room. 


7. Life Members 

Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00. : 
eee 


at 3 o’cloc 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporalal 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 


Vol. XXII February, 1921 No. 254 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


R. S. WILLIAMS 
Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 

Old Trails and New Discoveries...... Recesy 1 
The Preservation of Our Native Plants .............. cc ee ceeeeeeeeeeeee 40 

rancis Lynde Stet: 44 
METIVAETIGOHAMY FUTIGs foci ne cc cece sc cuteinenccscesecsecceduccsceass 45 
Greenhouse Lectures 46 
Conference Notes for January 47 
Notes, News and Comment ABH AIE 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 


AT8 LANCASTER, PA 


INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PrEsIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
EDWARD D. ADAMS 
VicE-PRESIDENTS { HENRY W. DEFOREST 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 


Term expires January, 1923 


ee D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
R RT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 

Term expires January, 1924 
N.L.B RITTON LEWIS Ba yon 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


Tue Mayor oF THE City or New York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
Be SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
Hip R. A. HARPER, Chatrma 


EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 

DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING 

PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 


DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director Administration) 
DR. JOHN K. te we Head Curator of the Museums eve Plants) 


PBR . A. 
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plans) 
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Canes Flowe less 
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, ripstop Assis 
PERCY WI LSON, Associate 
DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Assocs Cae 
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator i! Plantations 
TOUT, Tirese of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY 1 BA egeitirney Bibliographer 
ARAH H Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Caran of the Economic Collections 
pELiZABETH G. BRITTON Honorary Curator of Mosses 


R S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountan 
ARTHOR Hoe BETT, Superintendent of Buildings waa Gul ds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


a? 


SN ee a ee ee ee el ee 


Journat or THE New York Botanica, GARDEN PLATE 253 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII February, 1921 No. 254 


OLD TRAILS AND NEW DISCOVERIES 


A REcoRrD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN THE SPRING OF 1919 


ih Plates 253 and 2. 
Exploration of new ad little-known ee of Florida which 
ad reatly enriched our knowledge of the Opuntiae there- 
abouts in t yeais, convinced the writer that there was 
also gs more to be learned in that State than was known 
prior t 8, conce ring ca the Cereus g 


Honor on botanical exploration of Florida in the early months 
of 1919. 
We were enroute for Miami, Florida, the last week in April. 
rd; Vv 


The season in the North was backward; but, even so, the 
shrubs and trees had begun to don g , either singly 
ore sse; various r-plants, both broad-leaved and 


ponds and streams; and many flowers were in evidence all 
along the way 
25 


26 


Among our native shrubs in bloom, the spice-bush (Benzoin) 
and the shad-bush (Amelanchier) were conspicuous, while the 
Ss wer 


mon thalictroides) are ieee aie weeds that grew in 


nd a e fen 
uth of Phi eens ia, oi renee com of Washington, 
rns appeared much more advance There, for several 
hundred miles, the Hen honeysuckle (Nintooa ceili 
was the naturalized plant m viden This often much- 


a 

these in the fall-line hills of Maryland was the calico-bush or 

mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Although not in flower, the 

numerous deep-green leaves, of the same fresh glossiness all 
de th Ww! 


st iffe were g 
of the broad leaves so bright and, as one might say, joyous; 
rt 


_ Wire pe ona earolings spring had progressed apace. 

supported so copious a growth 

of dandelions eens Torsacum that the myriads of flower 
pet 


sed 
the ee of the small blue flower of the toad-flax (Linaria 
canadensis 


27 


Thus we took a fleeting wild-Alwer census: violets (Viola), 
dewberries (Rubus), phlox (Phlox), wild-strawberries (Fragaria), 
pitcher-plants (Sarracenia), fleabanes Sek hale Lecce 
(Utricularia), Virginia-cowslip (Mertensia), d (Sen- 
ecio), flags (Iris), beard-tongues (Pentstmon), ples igo (Bap- 
tusia). These were the more corispicuous. ut also the woods 
were gay with dogwood oe ee nied (Magnolia) and 
viburnums. Here, too, the gro ered, often by the 
acre, eee a oe white or sors eA usually not more 

than a sts 

a ‘ae of the South, the cultivated China berry 
aa — was in bloom; and curiously enough, several 
weeks r I found it in the same condition in tropical Key 


est. 

Nor r were the palms wanting in this plant panorama, once 
we were in South Carolina. First we saw palmetto (Serenoa 
serrulaia), then the blue-stem (Sabal Adansonii), and finally 
the cabbage-tree (Sabal Paimetto). With the exception of the 


in the river s swamps 0 © bottoms, or the dry or ha dry plain 
between the river and the former banks of the , at ordi- 
nary low water, hickories (Hicoria), oaks (Quercus): gums 
(Nyssa), maples (Acer), and elms (Ulmus), as well as the cy- 
press (Taxodium), all develop: conical eae or buttresses, evi- 

24 


ntly so as to make a tem for anchorage 
in the end particularly i in seasons of high water. 
n depressions in the districts of little elevation, 


Also, we 
oe groups of trees of the ee (Nyssa biflora) simi- 


situations called cypress-ponds. The ponds with these dis- 


28 


tinctive groups of gum-trees may be called ‘“gum- -ponds.” An 
ost attractive spring 
is the ae wisteria Crh pine NS). 
vine that climbs into 
drooping citaee - eau \' blue flowers. This species and 
another, which o n the Mississippi Valley, are se only 

representatives a ae genus in the New World. The other 


species occur in eastern Asia 
ith rthern Florida, the chromatic scale and seasonal 


in 
oO 


ae ie “the flowers that bloom in t spring’ came to an 
The Florida flat-wood and the or plant-regions have 
we little to show, at a distance at ae with the changes 


e. 
hed Miami during the a ae _ April. The 
eld. 


io) 
= 
oO 
oO 
on 
a 
= 
oO 
Q 
5 
5 
m 
@. 
> 
a 
iy a 
fa 
jy 
feb) 
t 
a 
oO 
a 
a 
5 
—. 
Loa 
oO 
@ 
a5 


la 
building of the Plant Introduction Garden of the United See 


mi. 
Experience : the field and information gathered from time 
to time indicated five promising regions in Florida for dis- 


n Thousand Islands es Nee north; (4) the Upper Florida Keys; 
(5) the oe Florida 
We took the field ee inmedeel after reaching Miami, 
and ne our active field-day, both on land and on water, 
almost invariably lasted from sunrise to midnight 
MIAMI AND TERRA CEIA ISLAND 
We first set out for the mouth of the Manatee River, our 


First, the pine- oweodé are dominant. Of course, creeks with 
es "ordering hammocks or prairies were crossed from time 


29 


Then, north of the settlement of Hallandale, the “scrub” 


mi 
et, to urprise, among these hills, which attain 

a ‘oacticrabie ee for that region, are situated a num 

ber of large bole heads, some of which extend nearly or 


characteristic tree of the ‘‘scrub” is the la Ley 


S, 
coarse ad pe are associated with the shrubs, and vines 
t 


laurels, is by far the most conspicuous. It commonly grows 
so luxuriantly oe it actually smothers the shrubs, sometimes 
over large area 

In the marches among these dunes, and in and about t 


toward dusk, so many little will-o’-the-wisps. It 
few sedges in which fertilization is pcr oo - 
ects 


The old eetlenient of Jupiter, eighty-three miles north of 
Miami, was soon reached. There we had to decide whether 
we would strike out for the Okeechobee region over the ol 
Fort Bassinger trail which was used during the Seminole Wars, 


30 


or drive further north to Fort Pierce to enter the Okeechobee 


r the ay . a few miles the ey = been improved 

oo ee ore or less impro’ rade. We passed 

beyond ie hg ae and the high ue ie ee. some 
oe with nis bordering hammocks 

We now approached “Hungry Land? ” so-called, they say, 

because a herd of stolen cattle were here penned up and allowed 


tions were cypress-swa: pon ae prairies, and low pine woods. 

The ut only to be so a fe 
days, as will be noticed on a pee age. Most of them, 
marvelously copious growth of the erect bladderwort (Stomoisia 
j A f 


juncea). cre after acre was almost a pure growth of the 
ae inconspicuous in itself, but very conspicuous in such 


ee phenomenon that attracted our eye particularly was 
the numerous small pine trees, two or three years old, springing 


hammocks, geographically separates Hungry Land, which lies 
between it and the Atlantic Ocean, and the Allapattah Flats, 
which lie monn it and Lake Okeechobee. 


31 


We crossed the slough, which has lately been dredged as 
part of the Saint Lucie Canal, on a ferry, and entered the Alla- 


‘em. 
thyme Gene mus), grass- pin an bbatia), asclepiads (As- 
i tori 


continued to ris pine trees beca: ore ttered 
ek open stretches appeared, and, finally, the trail led out 
© an extensive prai Far t t vi 


rie r to the we saw a long, 
ne tall hammock, but in this flat country one would hav 
almost sworn that this was a fg of hills 
We had not time to stop for examination of the flora of 
the prairie, but two shrubs were ae ularly noticeable. Parts 


6 
oO 
m 
® 
a. 
a 
> 
5 
® 
5 
"wo 
& 
ct 
a 
ce) 
- 
oO 
= 
peal 
Ee 


westerly branch, as it seemed to lead toward the distant ham- 


m though we had several times seen this hammock 
from es et ae ie had been in it, its eanel at this time 
On approaching it we saw that the 


previously? ina orate foot cruiser 
how much everything had ae nged since that time! 
Instead of a natural beach close to a primeval hammock, we 


' Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 15: 69-79. 1914. 


32 


found several hundred yards of exposed new weed- Sane ie 
nd as for 


P 
late, or prone in the wholly or partly burned humus where 
once had thrived an aimee impenetrable mass of ferns anc 


Six miles over the former lake-bottom and thro 

ero ai the ened hammock brought us to een 

City. 

Early the following morning we set out for Bradentown 
h 


which had borne the weak flower Is 
Seldom did the trail fail to yield terest bout 
pee to Fort Bassinger we passed a “ cypress- ses which 


erved as rookery for a flock of wood-ibis, and m f these 
es 1 birds were roosting on the trees, atnne whiely 
hadows. 


was midway to the Kissimmee River that growth of scat- 


tered pine trees, small cabbage-tree ees s, and live-oaks 
appeared, albeit the land continued low. Further north there 
n extensive growt myrtle (Cerothamnus), gallberry 
(Ilex), heath (Xolisma), and sc ak (Ou 11 
considerab. pproaching the e we found 


e a Kissim: 
curious circular areas of saw-palmetto (Serenoa serrulata) and 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 21: 25-38, 45-54. 1920. 


33 


mall persimmon trees (Diospyros pein a groves of live- 
ae that looked almost like apple-orch 
The i i 


(Panicum), pond- weeds (Potamogeton), naiads (Naias), and 
arrow- fibers (Sagittaria). 

settlement of Baiseee lies east of the Kissimmee, while 

Fort res proper, of Seminole War times, was on the 
western side of the river. 

rossing the river west of Bassinger, we left the Okeechobee 


about ten miles in diameter. We then bate pate Creek, 

which anaes the lake of the same nam the Kissimmee 
River, and is apparently the only aie be re lake. It is 
Pie beautiful hammocks. e dense hammock about 


gai 
andering ed soon led us to a most insignificant stream 
the bo 


spparenty — stream proved to be the boundary be- 
pee distinct geological formations; for 
ae ae fal entered immediately a series of curious old 
sand-dunes wholly unlike the lands had left h nes 
ran in somewhat parallel ridges, now close together, again sep- 
arated by extensive ‘“‘parks’’; and the sand, alth now 
white and loose, supported a veritable flower garden. g 


n gen- 
eral, the region forms a watershed, the streams on the eastern 


1Diospyros Mosieri n.sp. Atree seldom as Sarge as D. virginiana or 
commonly shrub-like; differs from D. virginiona in the smaller flowers, 
ab a. 


the stou ute r stamens, and the short, broad, id seeds. The e specimen 

the Humbugus Prairie, west of Little River, 
Florida, in fruit, Wilk mall, C. A. Mosier, an mall, No. : 
July 8, 1915; in dead ripe | Tae ey C. A. Mosier, November 1917, and in 


flower, by J. K. Small, April 1920. 


34 


side flowing into the ae eee those on the western 
side forming tributaries of the e River. Curiously enough, 
the backbone of this plateau s a chain = ae and small 
lakes on it, the net of several settlement: 

After crossing a series of other ridges we came to Sebring. 
Thence we traveled northward on the plateau to Avon Park. 
Another leg of our course westward brought us into the valley 
of the Pease River at Zolfo Springs. 

In the intervening country we found small forests of the 
persimmon in full flower. South of Zolfo Springs terrestrial 
v 


: has 
and- li ke a eee g ye ellow flowers aoe petals do not at 
at 


no 
bese a wild purple leather-flower (Viorna 
vispa). Following ae lee ‘southward for about twen 

ee we arrived at Arcadia 

Although we had trav led many miles to the west, we were 
still over forty miles in a bee-line from the coast of the Gulf 
of Mexico. Incidentally, the intervening country is essentially 
unsettled ae is accessible by a very poor trail. 

We soon crossed the Pease River and once again struck into 
the anes Two settlements are on the trail between the 
Pease River and Sarasota on the Gulf, according to the map, 


1 Alvan Wentworth Chapman (1809-1899) was a graduate of Amherst 
College who went to Georgia as a teacher, studied medicine there, and soon 


afterward entered upon the practice of his profession in Florida. For more 
than half a century his home was at Apalachicola, wher died in his nine- 
tieth year. His “Flora of the Southern United States," first published in 


1860, oe running through eeveral editions, 1 sisbe for nearly 
only manual o 
LEY een 


fifty years the 
JouHNn HEND- 


35 


but these are barely visible to the naked eye. The region is 
i ide 


rough. At ma lias 6 use the language of the country, 
our motor aang erful weak.” Still, we did manage to 
crawl a ig res was comin 


to the country. Perhaps the branch would lead back into the 
main trail, as sgn es often do. We continued i. 
c k, b stars Ss wer tars we could tell that 


would id us there 
But our lights— ala!—merely sca a forest fire 


The fire was extensive. It had curiously run into about a 
dozen lines, and each of these lines ae oe trail with a hurdle 
of flam ut not, or would not, turn back. We 


‘ we could n 
took some photographs, then beat out enough of the flame 
to make a safe passage for our extra supply of gasoline, and 
went ahead. 
Several miles of meandering through the dark sae ap ak 


us eventually back into the main trail, and t n due 
other and less sinister nai appeared An ad. es a were ie 
lights of Sarasota. After that, plain sailing, the highway to 


Manatee, another’s hour’s run, and we were in eas town, 
our objective. An eleven o'clock supper, then 
According to prearranged plans, the lowing a morning found 
a motor boat ready to carry us to McGills Bay and Terra Ceia 
Island. Before we started we were joined by Mr. Alfred Cuth- 
bert, who generously entertained us during our stay in that 
art of the country. 


36 


Cactus plants, an abundance of prickly- Sea oe — 
lenit and O. austrina), came into evidence as s 


e e lan 
on Terra Ceia Island, but these were not srr we ds 
While wandering about in the woods w abin, 
and a girl who lived there said she thought we would find other 

Al 


ae bee up the shore. 

past the ‘dead bodies” in . trail! We followed. The bodies 

were ae sure enough, but only skeletons, happily. They 

were the fossil remains : aboriines dug from a shell midden 
making a drainage dit 


"Terra Ceia Island eel is a Mea kitchen-midden, or ancient 


e former inhabitants with 
hells. 


Man 


bert’s house, the festive board from six o'clock 
till midnight, uate, before which the bud opened and we 
secured a description of the flower. M ely than in any 
of the ot 


ther Flo ide species, the flower-limb resembles the ex- 
panded flower of a water-lily. 


1 This cies was named for the prehistoric inhabitants i nae aa 
Harrisia ee ae and published in THE CactTacEAr 2: 


pe Aq F Y ey 41 Aq aSNSIp 41dYy} adUIG “AW, Jo SseUI PI[OS B OFUT 
anpisax ayy peajeiou0S syuauaya oy} jo uorae aq} pue sq}ays ayy pauing suorjeisued jo sory snonuljuo7) “Zuryeuw- pror 
Joy perowias sem ‘saulsioge ay} JO suojaays [ISSO} pue s[jays Ajureul ‘feayeUI asoo] ayy, ‘aIe{d-a1y ay} JO sUTeLAI 
ay} ‘x01 ay} Jo do} ayj se (Jaa} Ino}; ynoqe) YSTY se seM UAaPpItU-uaYyIITy ay} Jo aoepANS [eUIsIO BY “punos3yoeq ur 
yoouwey esuap ‘punoss210} ul sauyaisoge ay} jo aovjd-any ‘alysyuYyRsoojes ay} Jo YJNOow ye eoUIg] EJUNG UC 


Sz divIg NAGAV.) IVIINVLOG AHO MAIN ABL 40 TvNANO[ 


37 


A botanical survey of Terra Ceia Island would doubtless 
rove interesting in other respects. Its flora has more tropical 


s 
e cane (Pithecolobium), the wild-lime (4Zan- 
he ( 
the OH pee a lready and other spiny plants 
ble. 


Having accomplished our purpose we set out for ena: 
Miami, early the fol eee morning. Instead of returning b 
the route we had just been over, however, we set th in th 


for our selection of this route was a possible ae 2 the fern- 
grotto described in a former paper,! and whic’ ould have 
an interesting spring flora, besides being a paeeis fernery. 


forced us to abandon this itinerary. Somewhat discouraged, 
we turned back and started through the southern end of the 
lake region. 

West of Plant City we ee several ridges of ‘‘scrub.” 
East of it were hammocks with oaks (Quercus), hickories (Hic- 
= and red-gum a. aa developed. Of 
e, there were pine woods and a mixture of pine woods and 
a 


Evening found us again at Avon Park, which is situated in 
a very eae floral region. 
One locality just west of the town attracted our attention 


Op ya 
largest-flowered papaw a nies obovaia). The Bi eae me 
were, moreover, in places yellow with the numerous flowers 
of a rare false-indigo (Baptisia LeContet). 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Gardea 21: 25-38, 45-54. 1920. 


38 


The following morning we continued our journey eastward 


‘as no s 
of such dunes, but the eeeieal pine (Pinus palustris). The 


broad-lea trees were mostly represented by the turkey-oak 
(Quercus Catesbaei) and a kind of hic (Hicoria). Shrubs 
than trees, both in kinds and quantity 

this ego mentioned the scrub-plum (Prunus 


inch. 
ants were not wantin Th were not only 


One ea caleny attractive new species of uncertain acer 
ship, with the habit of a yellow-flax (Cathartolinum), w abun- 
d ‘ 


a a 
has already been made! was found with both flowers and ripe 
fruits. It belongs to the knotweed family and is related to 
the genera Polygonella and Thysaneltla. 
xaminations of those ancient dunes at successive seasons 
end ee yield additional aaa for the seasonal 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 21: 48. 1920. 


39 


periods of the plants, particularly annuals, under the desert 


s t (Tradescantia), perhaps new, s e men- 
tione on accou delicious violet-fragrance of its 
bright- a e@ ower I s abundant he high pinel 
Leaving the sa d ridg d continuing eastward we were 
soon — the Istokpoga prairie. And here, in one low 
plac e found a veritable orchid garden. Two terrestrial 


or ae a snake mouth (Pogonia) and a grass-pink (Limodorum) 
grew amidst the low fa in countless thousands. 
Fire! Fi Fir 


This word mig! e Ce scores of times during a day’s 
travel in southern Florida. In nearly every direction one 
i On thi 


turns clouds of smoke go rolling s ard s occasion 
nearly the whole Istokpoga prairie was on far he 
southeast continuous cloud of smoke from the delta 

e Kissimmee Ri eful story, for the hammock 


and humus there has lace burning for years, the heaviest rains 
gia Laan to baie it 

Obs on the icaiminee flats shows the, herbaceous 

$ 


the ground, and a | to account for the condition 
However, a little observation soon solved the problem e 
ca fo) e region, being unable rid themselves of flies 
collected on their sides out of reach bes tail or Ai ae 
around the c e trees scraping their sides against the ro 
trunk, thus getting rid of the flies, ne ae wearing oe 
tree away. 


As the afternoon was well spent, we hurried across the prairie 
to the head of Lake Okeechobee, thence down the eastern shore 
e sun set, and out on the prairie east of the ie just before 


Jupiter we saw no signs of a human being except the ferry- 


40 


man at the Saint Lucie glough, the lights of a few lone houses 


midnight and spent the Marner of oe ae there. Early 
the following forenoon found us in Mia 


(To be continued) 


THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE PLANTS 

The income from the Stokes’ Fund for the investigation and 
preservation of our native plants has not been used since 1916 
for any further publication of colored plates, prices of printing 


tions ready to aa of the Canada Lily, Cardinal Flower, Holly, 
and Rhododen 

But the time has not been lost, for we have added greatly 
to our collection of colored lantern slides, notably by the pur- 
chase of a beautiful set from the J. Horace McFarland Com- 


Clubs, two of whos Bae re: “‘to aid in the protection of 
nting.” 


To 
tons and pledee oo. and a number a ie oe 


partment. Two leaflets have so far been issued: number 1, 


41 


n ‘State pe ee Parks,” being an account of an inter- 
C. Cowles, Professor of Plant Ecology of 
the 


view with H 
Wild Flower Preservation 


les, 
Chicago cane President of 
member 


mi all the States of the Union 
and British i with sevens in Entomology, Ornithology, 


Fisheries and Grazing. 
Having served se as Secretary-Treasurer of the Wild Flower 
ears 


Preservation Society, for several s, the correspondence has 
been 1: r less similar, with numerous requests 
for information, literature and help. We feel greatly encour- 
aged by the a tive Chapter has been founded in 


ae bs Chicago and its vicinity, in ing Botanical Club 
and Audubon Secices by holding annual exhibits covering 
hi 


n 
to be interested in all of them! They also give Summer Fétes 


for the chile 
In Was ns ‘on, where some of our earliest work was done, 
ey have eee and are planning for Arbor Day work 
this year. ave issued circulars to teachers for use on 
rbor D: a e gi lectures and exhibits 


a ee campaign in the newspapers of the District of Co- 
lum 
We “have Associate Clubs and members in each of the follow- 
ing states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, 
District ot Columbia, geie Rae ane: Illinois, Indi- 
ana, Ohio, Wisconsin, Min ‘a, Michigan, Colorado, Cali- 
d oe ee We are also a 
e’Mountaineering Club of America and receive 
many of the publications of the Associated Clubs. 


42 


Our President, Dr. Cowles, has been a delegate to the Na- 
tional Parks Convention at Madison, Wisconsin, January 11 
and 12, where he represented the Wild Flower Preservation 


includin: cts, an mmals quence of the 
reappearance of vege n in devastated regions, and the pres- 
ion of n conditions for both animals and plants. 
They include ong their members: Zoologists, Botanists, 
Entomologists, Torsone Geographers, Plant Pathologists and 
Naturalists. 
We have also had some correspondence and eachange of 


ru . the 
Survey of the Union of South African States is fostering an 
interest in their native plants in order to encourage their pres- 
ervation and cultivation! 
The National Geographic ae pe published forty-four of 
Miss Eaton’s exquisite colored plates of native and eee 
plants and an account, also ene in colors, of the S 


“Gi 
_ on the Taming of the Wild Blueberry, both of great in- 


Eee Comstock Publishing Company of Ithaca, New Yo 
f tw 


fe} 
=3 
a 
@ 
5 
a 
° 
5 
a 


Young n’s an 
oung Women’s c hristian Associations, and to codperate with 


43 


the Audubon Society in trying to teach oe children to love 
the birds and wild flowers and to help preserve them, and by 
means of poems, drawings and ieee lessons they are be- 


ing its first public meeting at the American Museum of Natural 
pee on February 
e have lectured ead sent pledges, buttons and the Stokes’ 
0 


Oregon leads with over eine acres and yet Oregon in a refer- 
j e ou r 


duotone raphs wi 
of Wild Flowers. The illustrations were done by the De Vinne 
Press of New York and are exquisite examples of fine repro- 
duction. 
e importance of many native plants as food for birds and 
their relation to insects and agriculture has not been over- 


, 


44 


looked, and Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of 
Natural History, delivered a lecture here a on 

ay 18, nigia and is preparing a leaflet for publication on this 
t so given a well-illu se lecture on the rela- 


opic e has als 
tion ee ort to rainfall and water su 

man Taylor, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, whose 
ae ‘owed of the local flora is of great value, has also 


. Durant, who is associated with Mr. Gillette, will tell us 
how to transplant and grow the wild flowers successfully. 


n 
New York State, has become a Life Member of the Society, 
and two of our annual meetings have been held in conjunction 
with theirs, our State Botanist, Dr. Homer D. House, having 
addressed us last year and exhibited the colored plates from 
the Wild Flowers of the State, recently publishe Dr. House 
has been exerting his influence at Abas and thigughout the 


it n of the H gu 

Fern at Syracuse, and in codperation with the Syracuse Bo- 
tanical Club and the Ecological Society of America, has suc- 
ceeded in having set aside the Station at Green Pond as a State 
Park 


ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, 
New York Botanical Garden, 
Bronx Park, New York City 


FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 


Francis Lynde Stetson, a mem mber of the Board of Managers 


New York City on December 5, 1920, ira a prolonged illness. 
He was in the seventy-fifth year of his a: 

Throughout his association with the ere he was active 
in its behalf, serving nearly continuously as a member of the 
Executive Committee and for a series of years as its legal ad- 


45 


He was keenly interested in 1 alll phases of its work, more 


nature-lover. s large estate at Skylands, in nor Ne 
Jersey, his summer home, gave him great pleasure, providing 
space for the planting and cultivation of a notewort ollec- 


Hon of ay and shrubs, with vegetable and flower gardens ae 
perations, together with sl access to larg 
areas of forests, “felds and meadows, and he took keen del light 


his advice has b2en of aes Hes to nae institution. His 
vices to botanical science comme ted by the genus 
Stetsonia, a Ree and charastrs oo of the Argentina 
Republic, named in his hon 

solved, es at the “ate of the New York Botanical 
Garden deeply mourn the loss of an esteemed and beloved 


ate. 
- solved, That the foregoing preamble and resolution be 
red on the minutes, and that a copy be transmitted to 

te ee family. 
d by the Board of Managers of the New York Bo- 

tanical Garden January 10, 1921 
N. L. Britton, 
Secretary 


FANNY BRIDGHAM FUND 
Garden has recently received a legacy of $30,000 from 
the executors of the will of the late Mrs. Samuel Bridgham. 
At the annual meeting of the Board of Managers on January Io, 
1921, the following ane were adopted: 
Resolved, That the legacy of #30, 000 received from the estate 
of Mrs. Fanny Bridgham be designated a permanent fund 
anny ape and i 
come be used, after investment, for the purchase and binding 
oe nei Jor the library unless otherwise ordered by the Heard 


46 


Resolved, That the managers gratefully receive the generous 
gift of Mrs. Bridgham and that the Paes r-in-Chief is et 
eed to express their eae of the gift to Mes Cad- 

walader, Wickersham & Taft, with ie ae that nena com- 
amiee these resolutions to Mrs. John Innes Wane, sister of 
Mrs. Bridgham 

The following letter was received from Mrs. Kane: 

anuary 20, 1921. 

My dear Dr. Britt 


Mee Cadwala ae Wickersham and Taft have communi- 
cated to me the resolutions adopted by the ee of Managers 
of the New York Botanical Gar apne concerning the legacy 
left to the ‘‘Garden”’ by my sister, Mrs. Br oe ham 

Will you oy express as the Board m appreciation of 
these kind resolutions and my gratification Thee it has seen 
fit to ie me legacy as a  Peaiate und. 


Very sincerely yours, 
(Signed) Annie C. KANE. 

The income of this fund will aid greatly in the building up of 
the library. 

Mr. Samuel Bridgham, who died some years ago, was a bo- 
tanical artist of distinction. He made many drawings for the 
late Professor W. G. Farlow, of Harvard University, and many 
for “Illustrated Flora of the Northern States se Canada.” 

L. Britton 


GREENHOUSE LECTURES 
MARCH AND APRIL, 1921 
The regular public lectures m the Central Display Green- 
house, Conserv. Me ange 2, will be given this spring at 3:15 
o'clock on Sunday afternoons, instead of on Saturdays as here- 
tofore. oo plants will be used in illustration. Dr. Rusby 


ro 

of plants, some of which are of immense ee econom- 

ically. 

March 20—“‘South American Drug Plants,” Dr. H. H. Rusby. 

March are he and How to Force Them for the 
Home,” . A. How 


47 


April 3—‘‘Fiber Plants,” Dr. A. B. Sto 
April 1o—" Milk-trees and Other Lactterou Plants,’ Dr. 
urrill 
April eae ‘Air Pla ants,’ Dr. H. A. Gleason. 
April 24—Desert Plants,” Mr. G. V. Nash. 
Conservator ange 2 is situated at the eastern side . the 
Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue entrance 


on the White Plains Extension of the Subway from East 180th 
Street. Visitors coming by train to nae Garden Station 
should inquire at the Museum Buildin 

W. A. MurRRILL 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY 

egulai1 monthly conference of the scientific an 
Pe of the Garden was held on the afternoon of Jan 
1921. Brief re ae were made by Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr J.H 
Barnhart, Dr. Michael Levine and Professor R. A. Harper 
rewarding matters 7 botanical interest at or in 
with the annual session of the A. ‘ 
Mr. G. T. Hastings gave a very interesting report on ay 
cession of Algae in the Grassy Sprain Reservoir,’”’ an 


acc 
of ee ae by Mr. Hastings, will appear later in ae 
Jour. 


A.B. T, 
Secretary of Z eae 


48 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 
, Director of the Botanical Gardens of Har- 


es 
University, ee recently published the sixth fascicle of his 
e Illustrations a: u the Fa ceae,”” 
has presented a is important work to our library, 


they were published during the past few years. This fascicle 
contains two papers, the one on the Orchids : Mount Kinabalu, 


British North Borneo, in the writing of which Mr. Ames has 
been assisted by Mr. Charles Sceinth the other is the 
seventh contribution by Mr. Am n Philippine a 


part of the fascicle on Philippine orchids is also published as a 
separate in twenty-five copies, one of which Mr. Ames has 
aad ee to the library of the Garden 

Ove 0 biol: pupils from Morris High School spent the 
cists a a. 18 at the Garden studying the museum 
and living plant collections under the guidance of their teachers 

and mem! a They also heard a lecture 
on ila given by M 

About 200 biology apis fom Evander Child’s High School 
visited the Garden on January 20 to study the plants in the 
Conservatories, the trees in their winter conditions, and certain 
economic plant products in the Museum. Mr. George 
Hastings delivered an address on forestry in the public iecture 
hall, which was much appreciated both by the pupils and their 
teachers. Members of the Garden staff acted as guides and 
instructors. 


Meteorology for January—The total nig ae for the 
month was 2.39 inches, of which 0.20 inches (two inches by 
ow measurement) fell as snow. Th ximum temperatures 


The minimum: te SMpEraeutes were: 20° on the 7th, 18° on the 
13th, 4° on the rgth, and 5° on the 25th 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenhei 
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, 
Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, 
Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, 
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, 
ee se Auchincloss, ‘. Amory Haskell, 
aker, TAG a 


Sten Ba ker, A. Heckscher 

Henry de Forest Baldwin, etal Hoiace 
Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, 


Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, 
C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, 
oe Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, 

George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Prof. N L. Britt Darwin P. Kingsley, 


Prof. Edw. S. sired Edw. V. Z. Lane, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 


William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 
V. Everit Macy, 
i Edgar L. Marston, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, 


Edmund C. Converse, George McAneny, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, aa McMillin, 

Paul a Cravath, ir. Walter Mendeicen: 
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, an L. Merrill, 
Bea H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, 

Samuel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, 
William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, 
James B. Ford, Dr. Lewi i 
Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, 
Robert W. de Forest, C. D. Norton, 


Gies, Eben E. Olcott, 
Daniel Guggenheim, 


Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 
F. R. Pierson, 
James R. Pitcher, 
Ira A. Place 
Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
Charles F. Rand, 
Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. H. M. Richards, 
John D. Rockefeller, 
William Rockefeller, 

. Emlen Roosevelt, 
Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Dr. Reginald H. ae 

ff 


Valentine P. Stvtleg 

James Speyer, 

Frederick Strauss, 
Sturgis, 

B. B. Thayer, 

Charles G. Thompson, 

W. Boyce Thompson, 

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson 


Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, 

Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 

Miss Elizabeth Billings, cn Gustav E. Kissel, 
Britton, A. Low 

Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, i a. acVeah 

Mrs, A. Barton aay Mrs. V. 

Mrs. Robert C. H Mrs. Henry ts ley 

Mrs. Wm. A. es. Mrs. George W. Perkins, 

Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 


Mrs. Cabot Ward 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


E. Henry ae Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, 
de John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 


PUBLICATIONS OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


urnal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, ching contain ng 
iltek news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to all members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a cop Py 1.00 a year. [Not pone rede in ex- 
ge.] Now in its twenty-second volum 
ae Rear ey lastrated in ne nd otherwise; apbae to fungi, 
including | Pa a aining technical articles and news and notes of es 
interest, nd be ae Brent Anercas Mycological literature. ne 
single eel nue Mes sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its thirtecatll 


nia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates pais ied by 
siculeay description s of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, t hire 
in each volume. Pu anen price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in onto 
Now in its sixth v 
Bulletin of the sts York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports o! 
the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- 
poe results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all ee 
the Ga ie n; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its tenth ere 
n Flora. Descriptions of the sats peat of North Ameria, 
inc! Age Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be 
completed in 34 volumes. i . 8vo. Each volu ‘es to consist of four or more 
parts. Subscription Pa $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts 
will be sold for se oo each. [Not offered in panne .] 
ol. 3, ait a: Nees ee riaceae. 
I, ice 06; pi , 1907; part 3, anes parts 4 and 5, 1920; part 6, 
1921. eereieea allay pias 2 L,| pars). (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold 
Ben ely.) 
9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(oa) ee I-3 no longer sold separately.) 
Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. ipoceirea® (ee! (pars). 


V ay arts I and 2, 1913. Sp e—Leuc 
Vol. 16, Bate i I Ophicglomarey ae te e (pars ny 
Vol. 17, p , 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars). 


sa 21) aes a 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allionia- 


cea' 
Vo ]. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 
Podostemonaceae—Rosac 
. 24, part I, 1919; ae 2, 1920. delat (pars). 
Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, pee ‘Geraniaceae “Burst 


Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae. 
i New York Botanical Garden. Price to CER eat the Garden, 


stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 ag with detailed map. 1900. 
Vol. I. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Develop- 


D. 3. 

Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreis cherville, 
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 
1909. 

Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of ee on Paes by Charles Stuart Gager. 
ue it a8 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plate 

1. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New Yorks fi peta to Plant Geog- 


] 4 
Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Calcbration of the Twennele Anniversary 
of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 


Contributions from the New York angina Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members of the staff, ne rere from journals 
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 volume. In the ninth 
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 
Bronx Park, New York City 


¥ 


Vol. XXil March, 1921 No. 255 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Old Trails and New Discoveries 49 
Succession of Algae in the Grassy Sprain Reservoir 64 
Notes, News and Comment 66 
Accessions 68 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
K L 


ANCASTER, PA, 


AT8 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFIOERS, 1921 
PRESIDENT—W. see th eee ON 
E D D. ADAMS 
VICE-PRESIDENTS { sate W. DEFOREST 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


a ae MANAGERS 
m. expires pees 1922 


HENRY 2 ee antaatik MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADO. SEH aie SOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS 
Term expires January, 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS Sa eet ie 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEW. 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON. 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


THE Mae OF THE City or NEw YorK 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
he SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
ERO: R. A. HARPER, Chairma’ 


EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S Le 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J.G PROF. HERBERT M. Ce 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSB 


GARDEN STAFF 


DR. N. Pe re Praia in Chief (Development, Administration) 
A. GLEASON, Assistant Director ‘Administration) 
DR. JOHN K “SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
R. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor of Public Instruction 
OBR P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) 
DR. Recah HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) 
R. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) 
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative A ssistai 
E LSON, Associate Curator 
NCIS W. ee Associate Cura 
and Curator of Plontadions 
TOUT, Bic of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian 
DR. H. H. RU SBY Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections 
anne BETH G. BRITTON Honorary Curator of Mosses 


ountant 
ARTHUR J. CO RBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


Sz aLvIg NaquVy TWOINVLOG WHOA MAN S3HL JO ‘TwNanof 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII March, 1921 No. 255 


OLD TRAILS AND NEW DISCOVERIES 
WITH PLATES — AND 256 
(Continued) 
Fiorma Keys 
Two days later we set out for another cactus ae ages 
the Florida Keys. The Hredaat ae started for Key West 
on Monday morning, and the writer left Miami ey illewine 


ner aduc 
different keys: oo oon nae ieee sand-spurs 


e d : 
century-plants (Agave), both of native kinds and introduced, 
were in flower a feature which gave, especially to Key Vaca 


Pp 
Cactus-hunting interested Mr. Cuthbert so fuels that ac- 
cording to prearranged plans he joined us at Key West in order 
to make the cruise through the Keys to Miami. 


49 


50 


We spent a day searching all parts of Key West for cacti. 

Prickly-pears were abundant, of course, and we found plenty of 
the pera described ae zebrina, which was collected 
on is s 


end of t oe ; but the main object of our search, a prickly- 
en e Cars, sae to appear anywhere. After gathering 
cella specimens we gave up our search there 


ig Pi ion. A stro 
prevented us from taking the outside or more direct course. 


curve around a labyrinth of small islands 
on the inner side of the reef. After bucking a bad sea for sev- 


and found our way into Big Spanish Channel, whence we picked 
our way gradually southward between No Name Key and Big 
Pine Key. 

Inquiries at the settlement on Big Pine for the locations 


n 

el failed to disclose any cacti, slates except prickly- 

We did find, though, a shrub new for Florida. This 

was a kind of candle-wood, Dodonaea pie a plant 

first found on Hispaniola, and not previously known this side 
of the Gulf Stream. 

Failing of our object there, we retraced our course to the 
settlement, where we made a search of several remnants of 
hammocks, but the search was wholly barren of results so far 
as cacti were concerned. 

owever, at last we heard of a hammock near the south- 
ee tip of the key which, so they said, hunters shunned 


51 


“because cacti grew so thickly bee ae dogs couldn’t get 
through.” We at once returned t “Barbee’’ and moved 


But most plein: to aa was that plant we parciculidy 
oe a fae of Har 
Not many years ago ce six kinds of cacti were recorded 
from all 1 Florida, or, in fact, from all the Southern States; but 
d 


co. 
mon plants in tropical and subtropical Florida; nae 
keyensis, C. Deeringii, Harrisia sp.?, and Opuntia sp.?, rep- 
€ 


but c 
showed it to be a new species of a group of the genus Opuntia, 
the Semaphores, none of which had previously been found this 
side . the Gulf Stream. 

st re gue tural cactus-garden east of the west- 


ry any times for furnishing or arcoal, charcoal 
burning having in progress there for perhaps hal 
tu his is doubtless the hammock whe - 


co) 
ett! aad others in the earlier half of the last century collected 


1 John Loomis ane t (1809-1853) was born at South Amherst, Massa- 
chats ae ied medicine at Pittsfield. After a brief residence in the 
gulf stat ere ae ears in Liberia, he settled at Key West, where he spent 


shai aie en years as physician and druggist. He was the first to make 
mportant botanical collections on the lower Florida keys.—Joun HENDLEY 
eee 


52 


several typically West Indian shrubs that have not been found 
Flo I 


in rida since. In fact, our incursion into that hammock 
was perhaps the ae - its kind i than three-quarters 
of a century. It is hoped to ihe an ene survey of that 


locality for plants one than cacti. 
his locality proved extremely interesting, not only from 
a botanical standpoint, but also from that of geology. Al- 


Keys and Loggerhead Key also, with an east- -west long a>is, will 
apices be found to be of coral rock, instead of limestone 


Key on the east and Little Pine Key a fe) 

west, but an east-west line, from a point between Bahia Honda 
Key on the sout d a ey on the north, running 
across the isthmus south of the limestone or pineclad part of 
Bi Ki south, an ne ke the 
north. Thus, instead of a ti © groups 


they approach each o 


41 Since this paper was in type, the writer found tt i 
at the southern end of Big Pine Key and on one of the Newfound Harbor 
Keys, as stated above, were recorded - Samuel Sanford in a paper on “The 
Topography and Geolo; Southern Florida,”’ published in the Second 
Annual Report of the Florida State Geological Survey. 


53 


g the interesting phenomena at this meeting point of 
ock and th hey ar 


the Sete k a: e odlitic limestone—and too 
numerous to record in this paper—ma men eee the inter- 
mingling of the two tree-cacti of the East. In spite of the 
devastation of half a century, we found many fine trees of the 

ee-cactus (Cephalocereus keyensis) formerly known only 
fro: e , and report rom Chica K nd 


West 
Deering tree-cactus (Cephalocereus Deeringit), heretofore known 
only from coral-rock on Umbrella Key and the Matecumbe 
‘cati 


Having secured the desired specimens, we set out in the 
evening for Madeira B: We ran over ws reef outside as far 
s we into the Bay 


hae rather low sand-dune. On i .<) tem s may be 
n abundance that are not known to gro’ where this 
= the Gulf Stream. One of these is a ae branched 


tive of, but more diminutive in every way than the ity then 


bby, 
most conspicuous objects in the landscape. 
After getting under way again, the east wind freshened and 
we decided as far as Bamboo Key and anchor for the 


took to be 

mboo Key turned out to be Channel Key, at least six miles 

1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 198. 1916; 18: 199-203. 
1917. 


54 


beyond Bamboo Key; for unsuspectingly, in attempting to run 
in behind the island, we piled up on a shallow sand-bar, nothing 
the like of which is about Bamboo Key. By reversing the 
engine at once we pulled the boat off without delay. Bamboo 
Key is so low and devoid of hammock! that we had evidently 
passed it unobserved in the dark. 

We had made better time than we suspected, owing doubtless 
to the increased power of the motor, as a result of the damper 
air of the night; but our Bahamian crew insisted that it was due 
to the fact that ‘water is always thinner at night than in the 

me! 


Having passed our proposed anchorage, we decided to keep 

oing until we reached Long Key, about five miles distant. By 

successfully locating the stakes of a channel through some 

shallow banks and keeping well to the north of some wreckage 

with which we were acquainted, we soon reached the anchorage. 
resum r journey and called Li 


Madeira Ham During the preceding evening thun 


and wi at 

during the following day was ate ionally clear oe extremely 

bright. It was impossible to locate the horizon, and small keys 

in the distance seemed to at oo above the water, thus 
n 


Madeira 
have experiences there with some branch of the animal king- 
dom—sometimes with eee often with yellow-jackets, 
oftener yet with mosquitoes. On this occasion one member of 
our party was enabled to study wasps at close range. He col- 
lided with a nest. In addition, the horse-fly season was on in 
southern Florida. Although we had met with only a few flies 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 18: 107. 1917. 


55 


in the hammock, when we returned to the “Barbee” the cabin 
was swarming with them, and we were well on our way before 


The 
After barat Pig Key we spent the evening hunting or 
untin: S rri f we did t 


Thus, after negotiating one channel after ther, fo) 
anchor at midnight in Black Water Sound, about a mile west 
of Snake Point and Jewfish Creek i ind in 
favor we hoped to get a few hours of uninterrupted sleep safe 
from the attack of mosquitoes. Our hopes were realized—for 
two hours. Then all on board awoke at the same time, fighting 
f The mosquitoes had ‘‘boarded”’ us in a clo’ e 


or lif : 
battle lasted an hour. Then, suddenly, the mosquitoes had 


daw Whence those mosquitoes came and whither they went 
is stil a myster 
The sun ine on Barnes Sound found us on the last leg of 
our cruise, which terminated in the early afternoon at Miami, 
here we disembarked and cared for the collections. 


MIAMI AND Marco IsLanD 


After an interval of thre e days, which was devoted mainly 
to local investigations in the vicinity of Miami and in cactus 
u 


studies at na Vista, a third extensive excursion, agai 
, Was inaugur The country fro h of the 
Caloosahatche the Ten Thousand Islands was our s 


0 
aa field. Our route was the same as that of the excursion 
the Manatee region as far as Okeechobee City. Two weeks 
ia ag iis and the season had advanced. 
The two'conspicuous and strongly contrasted plants of the 


arly a 
or grayish-white. In the rocky pinelands of the Everglade 
Keys the leaves are either green or grayish-white, while in the 


56 


andy pine woods and hammocks in other parts of the state 

are typically green. The palm plants of the 
are typically more robust than ee of other localities. The 
reason for these variations presents a problem for some one to 


olve. 
The beautiful, not to say elegant , tar-flower or fly-catcher 


lacking color, was conspicuous on ac abit, sug- 
gesting so ae tiny es scattered over the prairie 
it we t for numerous s 


The land on the ence side of Hungry Land slough, the 
geen Flats, is somewhat less depressed and less depress- 
is eed 1Dy few — people, but by the Seminoles 

in , as we discovered by Suoiais Since 
our recent journey vee that land, heavy rains had sub- 
merged parts of the trail. At one submerged Bone where the 
trail forked we inadvertently took the left-hand branch instead 
a 


taken course and hastened on hough the ieee. “Sem: 
inole for alligator) Flats. 
Plant life was represented in many interesting ways. How. 
ever, two phenomena were particularly impressed on the writer: 
he often extensive turf formed of a sedge (Eleocharis) and the 


57 


brilliant yellow of a Saint John’s-wort ee aspala- 
thoides), which, when the numerous flowers w in large masses, 
e: 


airies a maze of cattle = 
etwe nd among myriads of large broom-like clum 
of a stiff grass eae Bakeri) and peculiar circular erie 
of the saw-palmetto. The latter plant was then in flower nearly 
ia and i violet-scented fragrance of its flowers filled 
the 

Ate crossing the Kissimmee at Cabbage Bluff we headed 
southwest for the Caloosahatchee. There were n 


made roads 
as far as Fishe 
t 


but when it is disturbed so as to make a roadbed, it soon be- 
comes practically ae until it is surfaced with some 
material. 

cross the great palmetto prairie we presently pene- 
te na a the most remarkable growth of cabbage-trees 
(Sabal Palmetto) in existence. This palm grow 
or in groups of dozens, hundreds, and thousands, ae groves 
pocune to val ese of all other trees. The magnitude 
of the wth wi impressive and often most etey 1. 


we averted a head-on collision. We even stopped for a nn 
visit a hia we separated Billy a us to call at his 

at the e time explaining to us how nd it ED ee Ge 
trail es a ieee hammock, on our on rn tri 

By the time ie iene ieee Creek it was dark, and 
cloudy as well ssed the creek and found the trail 
jeading to the pena ee When about half-way to the 


58 


river we lost the trail, eee and later when the clouds cleared 
he ted that oO 


the stars indica were traveling through the op 

pine woods towards the ee instead of on the prairie to 
the southwest. Several lights a red far ahead, so we has- 
tened towa Fane settlement to in e concerning our 
whereabouts. e came near the lights, instead of houses 
we found sol urni tumps, remains yet another 
forest fire. Consequently, the only alternative was to double 
our course il we recovered the trail is done, we made 
the Caloosahatchee i time, crossed it aBelle an 

followed it ort Myers, reaching our destination just before 
midnig Ne had covered the distance from Miami in about 


fifteen feds: including time for lunch and that consumed in 
twice losing the trail. 
next morning we set out for our most distant objective, 


several streams, whose bordering hammocks would also doubt- 

less prove to be interesting ieee grounds, we came to the 

oon of Naples, a town which is built on a spur of the 

“scrub,” that here abuts directly on the Gulf of Mexico. ace 
d 


ern known limit of the ‘‘scrub’’ on the western side of Florida. 
The “scrub” thus aa about equally as far south on the 
west ba as on the east. 

The higher land ee rapidly fell away and gave place to to 
extensive salt marshes or prairies, where the more conspicuou 
vegetation was ae up of the cabbage-tree (Sabai pen 
the saw-palmetto (Serenoa serrulata), and buttonwood (Cono- 
carpus erecta), i of which, or particularly the two palms, 


59 


oe equally ig under the influence of salt water or fresh 
als e 


and also ither land or dry. Finally, came 
ae aon of ine settlement of Marco, fifty-odd a ne 
ort Myers, where ite now engage the 


e race is ng 
same pursuit that its prehistoric red race followed, sseaely, 
the oyster and clam business. 

After arousing some of the inhabitants sufficiently to en- 


mpleted, we recrossed the sound and began to retrace our 
course northwar 
ard luck had evidently overtaken us at las 
An anticipated visit to the Royal Palm eae of the 
Ro o di m 


repeatedly ‘“‘bogging”’ in the rail on the one 

nd n the soft mud of the adjacent prairies on the other, 
we sought the main trail and set out for Fort My Her- 
barium specimens ae fest from the different plant asso- 
ciations, But the rub’ was negatively interesting, that is, 
the season seemed he ee very uae ard and very few plants 
were in , one notable shrub, a kind of lead- 
plant, an reaps oe of Amorpha, wa: oe in full 
bloom. lant was quite ape both in the matter 
of foliage ae sr ie scence, and, curiously eno 


eh. t see 
to be most ase related to the lends oak (Amorbha es 
of the w n plains. 

The folle ita morning we drove to Punta Rassa, which is 
situated at the mouth of the iaaiaa ae With the co- 
operation of sere fishermen, we were able to visit a number 
of islands at the mouth of the pa At Punta Blanca, at 
the mouth of the Caloosahatchee, the most likely place for the 
occurrence of Harrisia, we failed in our search, although the 


60 


plant was said to grow there formerly. Many of the plants 
usually associated with Harrisia were cag nt, and several other 
i i 1. How loc: e 


I 
kin acti were plentifu ever, the lity proved 
very interesting historically as well as botanically nfortu- 
nately, mos hammock had been destroyed by t 


long 
digging away of the shells of the once evidently important 
kitchen-midden. The shells and numerous human remains had 
been and are ney age carried away for making roads in the 
vicinity of For 
This a. rd oF shores of other estuaries, was probably 
ri 


as prisoners for a century, at least, an expedition of Caribs 
from the West a in search of a fountain of youth. They 
were maintained as a separate settlement. It may be that 
the Big Cypress Seicle (Creeks) have the blood of the old 
Calusas and Caribs in their veins. 
The most interesting object at Punta Blanca was the old 
tha 


fire-place and perhaps also sacrificial altar of the Calusas, for 
human sacrifice is said to have been practice he c ant 
fires burn a cumulated s) ells into a solid me, 


built higher. When the ele in recent time were removed for 


t 
But to pass from more ancient history to m One 
of our fisherman navigators related to us the focal interprets 
tion and belief regarding the occurrence of the human kee 
in the shell heaps at Punta Blanca. The story runs as follow 
In the early part of the last century a vessel bringing a iaiee 


bered, for giant cockroaches, big spiders, and scorpions played 
hide-and-seek over the bed ‘ill daylight. Dawn was welcome 


cage, eppee Saeey 4: uy [estacty odds SUF JU YIMUsS ALIULIEU BYF BION “SNOTGIYG 
sure ‘aie “Apuanbasuos s201} yse 3y. L “Te0A ay} jo wed 3 jo yidap 94) 03 31 UT spueys Joyem ‘mou 


uaAq paq oy ] 243) vay ‘Apuap 


*1Aa SEA ‘pourmrey, yse- dod @ qua Pag MOU ‘ygnojs sqy. oe “aaqous3949 ayqey ‘Avg sey jo you y8nojs eul 


gSz FLvIg NUdUVS) TVOINVLOG HYOX MAN FHL 40 ‘TyNUnOf 


61 


when it at last arrived and we made haste to get away over the 


the deep green fresh foliage of aa associated trees 


Ww. 
heads stood above the other herbaceous vegetation nearly 
se icra as far as the eye could see. 

In order to fulfill our social ay and make that - at ne 
Stuart’s camp, we left the trail where directed to do We 


pe € mile a 

with his eye on us. We met him and found he was Billy Bow- 
legs, as? a descendant of the former celebrated chief of 
that e directed us to sa Sal s pe which we 
an ane difficulty. There were many camps in that 
region, all situated in palmetto Soe The hammocks, 
when cleared of the palms and shrubbery, also furnished the 
fields for growing corn, and many fine crops of maize were 
observed. We had a long talk with Billy Bowlegs in his corn- 
field. Among other things he said he liked cultivating crops 
very well; but hunting was more to his fiking. 

The social functions being over; we made all possible haste 
to cross - a ssimmee River. A boy Ma Nae on the ferry 
directed wu short trail running fro e Kissimmee to 
Oke a Ci = We could hardly ae Se but we agreed 
to try the new course and followed his direction. We found 


Seepin fe) I we were used to traversing was eliminated 
more interesting than the saving of distance was t nd- 
ing eof a new a ery characteristic type mmock. It 


was only a few hundred yards wide, but an indefinite number of 
miles long. The oe growth was almost exclusively of 
n ash (Fraxinus), but its habit was different from that of any 


62 


ash with which the writer is acquainted. The very short and 


n TO: 
vata, T. area T. utriculata, and the long-mass, 


had so far heed favored with good weather, but were now 
completely surrounded with severe thunder storms and we made 


grows 
he Senne th eee mane: sunflower, as a natur- 


botanists” nile ie over a century considered them to repre- 


tall herbs, were veiled with dense nae spider-webs which 


e olia: own to and fro 
the wind oe an ee roaching storm veiled plants appeared 


gry Land had evidently had a drenching rainstorm, as snearly 


63 


all the land, together with the numerous plants mentioned on a 
preceding page, was ier d. Thus flood and darkness put 
a sto 


bsent fro jiami on_ thes ae d ‘excursions. Amon 
ele a of interest — the region back of Cape 
Sable may be recorded. We passed through Royal Palm Ham- 


ago, rapidly reforesting itself. Since the custodian of the park 
cleared the debris from the sapere area within the last two 


ong Key Pineland and Cape Sable it appears that a discon- 
nected chain of pine- ene and high hammocks connects the 


E 
and the difference between the high and low grounds ir the 


copiou 
while the former, being shallow and quite even, retain neither 
humus nor moisture and in addition are Abie to frequent 


1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 191-207. 1919. 


64 


prairie fires. These are barren or nearly barren in the dr 
season, and thus stand out in strong contrast with the higher 
and well plant-clothed parts of the prairies. 

The Everglades presented quite a different appearance from 


showed up as immense green page ee the stunted, scat- 
tered, or spaced pond-cypress on the prairies had been 
formed from scraggly spectres? oe trees with light green foli- 
age and copious tassels of flowers. 

Different also was the review of the woods and fields as we 
sped northward on our return. Summer was there and every- 
where, whatever the calendar may have said. 

OHN K. SMALL. 


SUCCESSION OF ALGAE IN THE GRASSY SPRAIN 
RESERVOIR? 


ssy Sprain Reservoir, the Yonkers City reservoir, is a 
made t 


sprin 
the south and west . ha the reservoir, twice a month during 
the remainder of the 

No 


Numerous desmids were determined but are not oie in 
the eg me The filamentous green algae were poe dant 
from the time the ice melted in ane through July, the larg- 
est ee aoe found in May a ash ie nae floating 
1Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 1920. 
2 Account of report before the Garden oe ee 5. 


65 


masses of gee Zygnema and ited were common all 
along the shore. From August through November few green 
algae were found. ee the number began : increase early in 
December. 

Many of the algae had a very short period of growth. For 
Rete Spirogyra crassa first appeared early in June at the 
end of a bay in large masses lying on the bottom. A week 
later it was still more abundant, the lustrous brilliant green 
masses covering over half the area of the bay and a few small 
masses were floating and had been carried out from the bay 
quite a distance. It continued abundant till near the end of 


b it w 
abundant as S. hal pie in March, but no trace of the 


mined, but it seems eae that part of the plant remained 
on or in the grain of the wood. 

Of the blue-green Reon some were found every time collec- 
tions were made. The more or less spherical masses of Plee: 
tonema tomasianum attached to plants below water or floating 


66 


free on the surface were especially abundant in July and August 


anne the streamers, were composed chiefly o ‘ylindro- 

ermum catenatum, a little of which had formerly been mixed 
wich the A phanoca 

bout the last ‘Gepiemibes the lake ‘‘bloomed,” being 


ct g 

of: the consistency of soft putty and with a disagreeable sea- 
wee 

The biaes -greens reached their maximum both in numbers 
and abundance during September. The green oe were most 
abundant in late May and early June pt were in the smallest 
amount when the others were at their ee ee 

G. T. Hastines. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


hree species of witch-hazel were in bloom in the fruticetum 


the frutic tr gina: common 
hazel a de eastern ae ad ee ok a ossoms in the late 
fall and early w There is a fifth species, not in the fruti- 
cetum collection one discovered, H. incarnata, from Japan, 
which differs in having the petals a deep red and the flowers 


67 


on long pea stems. These are the five species known at 
present: two from Japan, one from China, and two from the 
United States 
Many of ine orchids in flower in conservatory range 2 are 
ssembled in the south end of house 2A. ere has been an 
iaone display during the winter. Since January 1 about 
150 species have come into bloom. There is a great diversity 


this position the eae! of the plants can be much better appre- 
ciated than bench. 
A plant of the eee tree, Theobroma Cacoa, is in fruit in 


in most other trees, on the ends of the branches. Each pod 
contains five rows of seeds, the total content being from fifty 
to seventy-five seeds, which, when dried, form the chocolate 
beans of commerce 


d Mrs. Britton, accompanied by Dr. F. J. Seaver, 
a for Trinidad on February 21, in order to continue the 
botanical exploration of that island. They expect to return 
about the first of May 


The following visiting botanists have registered in the library 
during the winter: Prof. Elmer D. Merrill, Manila, P. I.; Prof. 

. J. Anderson, Amherst, Mass.; Pro . R. Orton, State Col- 
lege, Pa.; Mr. Charles C. Deam, Bluffton , Ind.; Prof. W. A. 
Setchell, Berkeley, Cal.; Mr. Ellsworth B Killip, Mr. E. G. 
Arzberger, Mr. L. L. Harter and Dr. J. N. Rose, Washington, 
D. C.; Prof. Alfred H. \W. Povah, ace N.Y.; Prof. W. W. 
Rawlee: Ithaca, N. Y.; Mr. A. B. Massey, Blacksburg. Vas 


68 
Mr. G. W. Martin and class, New Brunswick, N. J.; Prof. 
H. M. Fitzpatrick, Cam a oe Mass.; and Prof. Caroline A. 
Black, New London, Con 


Meteorology for bel Ls total igs oni for the 


month was 3.23 inches, of w 1.60 i inches (16 inches by snow 
measurement) fell as snow pesca as re- 
corded for week were as follows: 50° on the 6th, 46° 


' 
The minimum temperatures were: 15° on the Ist, 25° on the 
gth, 12° on the 2ist, and 6° on the 25th. 


ACCESSIONS 
PLANTS AND SEEDS 
plant of Iris for sahara (By exchange with Royal Botanic 
Gai sie ee s Park, London. 
1 plant of ee nieg ee (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, 


= 
Paer) 
oe 
io] 
§ 
-_ 


h - J. N. Rose. 
lants derived from seeds from various sources. 
1 plant of Daphne laureola. (Given by Mr. E. G. Pendleton.) 
1 plant of Thea japonica alba. (Given by Mr. Jos. Nickel.) 
2 plants of Nerium Oleander. (Given by Mrs. Arthur C. James.) 
16 plants of Jris. (Given by Bobbink & Atkins.) 
lants of Iris. (Gi 


: plants of Iris. (Given b c. H. E. Eckert. 
o plants of Cacti for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. 
Ha through Dr. J. N. Rose 
3 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with Cambridge Botanical 
spar England.) 
plants a Cacti, for conservatories. (By exchange with Royal Botanic 
ee 
1 plant a eee Ensete. (By exchange with Mr. V. Soar, through Dr. J. 
ous all.) 


df, 


seeds from various sources. 


69 


1 packet of seed. (Given by Mr. C. J. Chamberlain.) 
2 packets of Cuban seed. (Given by Mr. Mario Calvi ns.) 
packets of seed. (Given by Mr. P. D. Barnhart, through Mr. A. T. 


44 packets of seed, from New Zealand. (Given by Miss E. Mabel Clark.) 
I packet of seed. (Given by fae Geo. J. Chryssicus.) 


ed.) 
1 packet of Colombian — Poe see by Dr. H. H. Rusby and Dr. F. 


nnell.) 

4 packets of seed. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant Industry.) 

116 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, La Mortola, 
Italy. 

77 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Berne, Switzer- 
an 

84 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, 
Sweden. 

71 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Glasnevin, 
Dublin. 

24 packets of seed. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant eee uM 


474 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical ure plete 
d.) 


Scotlan 
f la, Sweden.) 


246 packets of seed. (By saendiase with Botanical cae nie Switz- 
erland. 

83 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Groningen, 
Holland.) 

1 packet of seed of elicit tenax. Wee n by Mr. Jos. Dixon.) 


1 packet of seed. (Given rH. ‘oulkner.) 
2 packets of Trinidad seed. “ce lected dy ae N. L. Britton.) 
packet of seed. (By exchange with D. A. Co chert) 


4 packets of seed. (Collected sy Dr. es i. ‘Brit itton.) 
1 packet seed Penstemon Hellert. (Collected by Dr. F. W. Pennell.) 
I packet tree fern spores. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric.) 
I packet seed. (Collected by Dr. F. W. dane 
I packet seed. _ (Giv en by a Margaret Barrow.) 
Ip G Give oo Mr. Herbert ae ) 
I 1 packet of seed of black sesame. (Gi a r. Wm. Beekley.) 
jacket Commelina seed. (Collected by D F. W. Penne i. 
tack. seed of Sabal texana. (By exchange oi Mr. R. Runyon, through 
r. J. K. Small.) 


MusEUM AND HERBARIUM 
50 specimens of flowering plants from New York. (By exchange with 
the University of the State of New York. 
38 panini . drugs. Deh by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
285 f flowering plants from North America. (By exchange 
with ihe: Uiiied Se National Museum.) 


70 
6 specimens of woods. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
2 specimens of Tae from Colorado. (By exchange with Prof. El!s- 
wort 1 Bethel. 
1 specimens of fodder plants. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
1 specimen of Galium cruciatum from New York. (Given by Mr. Wm. C. 


Ferguson. 
29 anaes of beverages. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
6 lan slides of dahlias. (By exchange with Mrs. C. H. re 


8 specimens of volatile oils and perf umery. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby. 
plants from Trinidad and Tobago. pce 


by D rN, L. Bri 
7 ee Ss ee spic (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
8 specimens of fa from California. (By exchange with Prof. Ellsworth 
Bethel. 
eee of sugars. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
speci flo ble sea and ferns from northeastern Maine. 
(Clee by Prof. Harold Si 
cimens of pro: ae a. of plants. (Given by Dr. H. H. 


ecimens of flowering plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (By ex- 
id. 


‘O y Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
100 specimens “North American Uredinales”™ fascicle 23." (Distributed 


5 specimens of fibers. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 
36 specimens of varnish resins. Sales by Messrs. Pomeroy and Fischer.) 
en by H. usby. 
8 eee aes of flowering plants es Oregon. "(Given by Professor J. C. 
Nelson.) 
3 specimens of starches. (Given by D . Rusby.) 
95 a of flowering plants ton Montana a Idaho. (Given by 
aged J. F. Kemp. 
specimens of poisonous plants and insecticides. (Given by Dr. H. H. 
Rcby. ) 
15 specimens of flowering plants from Montana, Oregon, and Washington. 
(Given by Mr. P. H. Hawkins. 
3 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr. 
I. W. Cloke 
121 specimens of mosses from New Zealand. (By exchange with Mr. 
Brown. 
I spec of moss from France. aa exchange with M. Theriot.) 
19 specimens from Iceland. (By exchange with Dr. Andrews.) 
2 specimens of mosses from North Carolina. (By exchange with P. O. 


7 specimens of mosses from California. (By exchange with Dr. C. F. 
Millspaugh.) 
24 specimens of mosses from Minnesota. (By exchange with Prof. J. M. 
Holzinger.) 


71 


25 specimens of mosses from Florida. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. 
er in.) 
specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Florida. (Col- 
ey by Dr. John K. Small. : 
I museum specimen of Ilex vomitoria from Florida. (Collected by Dr. J. 
K. Small. 


40 specimens of Tertiary fossil pl in clay, from Brazil. (Given by Prof. 
J. C. Branner. 
15 rae of Ter rat ?) fossil pl in red shale from Trinidad. (Col- 


Britton.) 
2 specimens of shale showing the root-markings of plants in the cleavage 
planes. (Given by Mr. 
13 specimens of | fungi ahs Washington. (By exchange with Prof. S. M. 
Zeller. Je 


(a9 


daho. (By exchange with Dr. J. R. ir.) 

: specimens of aa from es (By exchange with Prof. es 
Bethel. 

I specimen of Lophodermium arundinaceum from Indiana. (By exchange 
with Dr. H. S. Jackson. 

50 specimens of fungi Rehm, Ascomycetes exsiccati. (Distributed for 
Dr. H. Rehm.) 

I photograph of Cordyceps herculea, (Given by Dr. H. A. Kelly.) 

I specimen of Calvatia collata from Utah. (By exchange | Brot. ALO. 
Garrett. 

2 specimens of M lanoleuca alboflavida from Pennsylvania. (By exchange 
with Mr. H. L. Daddow. 

I specimen of Polyporus elegans from California. (By exchange with Dr. 
E. P. Meinecke.) 

1 specimen of Psathyra from the New York Botanical Garden. (Collected 
by Dr. W. A. Murrill. 

I specimen of Funalia stuppea from Utah. (By exchange with Prof. A. O. 
Ga: pins 

s of cup fungi from Michigan. (By exchange with Dr. H. M. 

Fierpntric & Geo, Hume Smith.) 

5 is mens of cup fungi from New York. (By exchange with Prof. H. 
H. Whetzel.) 

3 8p 


p fungi fi 1 Idaho. (By patie with Dr. J. R. W 
f i fi 1 en by Mr. C.A oes 
1 specimen of Chantarel floccosus from ae Maine. (By exchange 
with Dr. G. Clyde Fisher.) 
1 specimen of Lachnocladium Schweinitzii from Arkansas. (By exchange 
bak Rev. H. heeler 
specimen of Pterula ‘subulata from Washington, D. C. (By exchange 
with Prof. H. H. Whetzel. 
15 specimens of fungi from Yama Farms, New York. (By exchange with 
Lae Grace O. Winter. 
pecimen of Melanoleuca melaleuca from Arizona. (By exchange with 
D:. Walter Hough.) 


72 


2 specimens of fungi from Utah. (By exchange with Prof. A. O. Garrett.) 
40 specimens of fungi from Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania. (By exchange 
with Mrs. John R. Delafield.) 
2 sei a fungi from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. 
eis 
ens of Russula compacta from the New York Botanical Garden. 
(Collected 1 by Dr. W. A. Murrill. 
ens ‘Ph Hai ata and Protomycetes,” numbers 326-350. 
a ale P. Sydo 


‘ ae o 


numbers 2651-2751. (Distributed by P. 
Sue 

25 specimens ‘“‘Fungi Dakotenses" fasicle 19. (Distributed by Dr. J. F. 
Brenckle. 

I specimen each of Pyr eae Bakeri and Merulius aureus from Penn- 

sylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. Overholts.) 

I specimen of Cycloporus Greenet from Kentucky. (By exchange with 

ce Fi 


L. Millsp 
I specimen at ae roseus from Michigan. (By exchange with Dr. D. 
R. Sumst tine.) 


1 specimen of Lactaria atroviridis from New Jersey. (By exchange with 
r. D. augh. 


Pp f £1 i B h Mr. Simon Davis.) 

I — men se Lactaria heigl. om New em (By exchange with 
Dr. D.L. Millsp: 

1 specimen of Cane byssiseda from North Carolina. (By exchange 
with Dr. W. ‘oker.) 

2 specimens “of fungi from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
Parks. 

2 species of fungi from Canada. (By exchange with Rev. Dr. Robert 
Campbell.) 

1 specimen of Marasmius from the New York Botanical Garden. (Col- 
lected by Miss M. E. Eaton. 

10 specimens of fungi from New York. (By exchange with Mr. W. H. 
Ballon.) 

8 specimens of fungi from Oregon. (By exchange with Prof. S. M. Zeller.) 

I specimen of Wynnea americana from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with 
Mr. C. E. Chardon.) 

I aa of Clavaria fusiformis from Alaska. (By exchange with Dr. 
N. M. Coo 
10 tas of fungi from Jamaica. (By exchange with Mr. Ww. R. 

mn.) 


n of Clavaria from Big Cottonwood, Utah. (By exchange with 


33 specimens of fun gi from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. J. S. Boyce.) 
I specimen of iiaea seutellata from Connecticut. (By exchange with 
Prof, A. H. Graves.) 


cai of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, try Guggenheim, 
Fritz Achelis, - if Horace Harding, 
Edward D. A J. Montgomery Hare, 
Charles B. stay Edward S. Harkness, 
Vincent Astor, rof. R. A. Harper, 
John W. angen J. Amory Haskell, 


A. 
Henry de oreet Baldwin, sn a Hoffm: 
Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. isan: 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Walter B. James, 
Walter B. Jennings, 


George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. ra 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, 


Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, | Edw. V. Z. Lane, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, . Everit Macy, 
offin, a ar L. Marston, 
Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, 
Edmund C. Converse, George McAneny, 
aii McMillin, 
ath, r. Walter Mendelson, 
i. MW. Denslow, a0 L. Merrill, 
Spee H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, 
i Hon. Ogden 1 Mills, 
= Graliy Morgan, 
is R. Morris, 
ee R. Newbold, 
C. D. Norton, 
Eben E. Olcott, 


Henry W. de Forest, 
Robert W. de Forest, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, 

Daniel Guggenheim, 


Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 

F. R. Pierson, 

James R. Pitcher, 


toh D. Ronkeeitey 
William Rockefeller, 
Emlen Roosevelt, 
Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Dr. em Ate H. Sayre, 
Mori hiff, 


rele R. erie 


B. B. Thayer, 

a G. eae 
W. Boyce Thom 

Dr. W. ya Sanne 
Louis C. Tiffany, 

Felix M. rear uee: 

Paul M. Warburg, 

se Maseiing 


Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, 

Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F, Kean, 

Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. ate E. Kissel, 
N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low 

Mrs. eg D. Dickey, Mrs. Charles MacViad, 

Mrs arton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit 

ies rea C. Hill, Mrs. Henry each 

Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, 

Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 


Mrs. 
Mrs 


George D. Pratt, 


n 
43 
> 
oO 
g 
3 
5 
-a 
n 
or 
g 
3 
=] 
os) 


Mrs. W. G. os aad 
Mrs. Cabot Ward 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry neta Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymse 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. rile 


F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs F. F. Thompson, 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 

The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by a 

or by bequest shall entitle nae pareatneae to be a benefactor of the Garden, 
2. Patrons 

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 
3. shame for Life 

The contribution of $10 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 

one time shall entitle the een to be a fellow for life of the Garden 
4. Fellowship Members 

Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 

life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 
5. Sustaining Members 

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become 

fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 
6. Annual Members 

Annual members pay an annual fee of 
All members are entitled to the following esetelgaas 

1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers. 

2s ae to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of 

Managers. 


3. A es of all handbooks published by ne Garden. 
4. A copy of all annual reports and Bulle 
5. A copy of the monthly Journal. 
6. Privileges of the Board Room. 
7. Life Members 
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00. 
Information 
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members 
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building 
at 3 o’cloc 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 


Vol. XXII April, 1921 No, 256 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


R. S. WILLIAMS 
Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

The Leafy Spurge becoming a Pest 73 

Tropical Trees with Light-weight Wood 75 
Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York 

Botanical Garden during the year 78 


Spring and Summer Lectures 85 
Conference Notes for March 87 
Notes, News and Comment 89 
Accessions 1 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 8 West KING StrEET, LANCASTER, Pa. 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFIOERS, 1921 
PRESIDENT—W. ieee THOMPSON 
ARD D. ADAMS 
Vick- PRESIDENTS nae W. DzFOREST 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
ree e aes BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
AUL D.C ATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 1923 


EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de POREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, re 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS R eee sen 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


Ere R. A. HARPER, Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICKN. PROF. EREDERIC S. LEE 


5 PRA 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. ne L BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
R. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director Administration) 
DR. JOHN Tk <, SMALL, Head Curator of the Muse as {bloverts Plants) 


GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of Plontasions 

, Director of t aboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY a “Bibliographer 
RAH H. HARLOW, arian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Es 

DR Beg ee Honorary Curator of Fossth Plants 

ae ILLIAM iB Gus, Consulting Chemist 


ate R. RI ngineer 
TER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant 
ARTHUR ie CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII April, 1921 No. 256 


THE LEAFY SPURGE BECOMING A PEST 


About one hundred years ago, possibly even earlier, the 
h 


mbi e New York 
anical Garden, was collected a ury, Massachusetts, 


published in 1848, the learned author remarked that it was 
likely to become a troublesome weed. John Robinson in his 
“Flora of Essex County, Massashusetts” (1880) records it as 


from cultivation and infrequent in bas state. In the sixth 
edition of his Manual, published in 1889, Dr. Gray added these 
western New York and Michigan records to its known distri- 
bution, remarking, however, that it was rare. In the first 
edition of Tilustrated Flora (1897) I Rees its praca as 
Massachusetts to New York and Michigan; by the time the 
second edition was published (1913) it et serene . Maine, 
Ontario and New Jersey; it is only in recent years, however, 


73 


74 


rv or eradica- 
tion are being taken, but the task is not an easy one, and the 
matter is of sufficient importance to have brought out editorial 
comment in the New York Herald on February 9, 1921. 


Fig. 1. Leafy Spurge (Tithymalus Esula Hill). 


The Leafy Spurge, also known as Faitour's Grass and Tithy- 


feet high, with narrow leaves about two inches long or less, 
those on the stem few, those on branches close together, the 


1 
ol 


a ermost in a verticil subtending a several-rayed umbel of 
mall flowers and large broad bracts. The plant has horizon- 
tl serpin from which it grows vear ee year, and these 
ontrol as a weed very difficu 

eee ee illustration will te Ip to nee the 

species; if detected it should be forked or spaded out of the 
Sea and burned, taking car e to get all its aie eae parts. 
often regarded botanically as a species of Euphorbia, 


true Euphorbias of Africa, a collection of which may be see 


in our Conservatory Range 1, House 
N. L. Britton 


TROPICAL TREES WITH LIGHT-WEIGHT \WOOD.* 


e last three years the writer has had very favorable 


in Florida. It is found in southern Mexico and from these 


a. 

Ochroma is by no means, however, the only genus that con- 

tains apecis with light- soe wood. There ane sev i other 
ith li ota bly 


genera in 
some species of Ceiba, and all, so far as known, of ae species 
of Cavanillesia. However, some representatives of the family 

a wood, as for exa ax 


is the wood of the Caricaceae and particularly of the genus 
Jacaratia, which is so soft that it would be more appropriate 
to callita table subst: ther than a wood. Its stature, 


* Abstract of address before = Conference of the Scientific Staff and 
Students of the Garden in Febru. 


76 


bark and growth in thickness ee a true cambium layer, however, 
warrant its being considered a tree. 

One of the many remarkable ae of tropical vegetation 
is the fact that the heaviest and lightest woods are, locally, 
often immediately associa 

ight-weight woods fall into ne categories: first, those where 


0 
wood in northern ead is in the landaceae, where as is 
well known, very thin bands of parenchyma occur in the annual 


w 
mentioned above, and the soft woods of the tropics, Ochroma. 


‘ordia. 
ree genera have been selected to illustrate types of light 
woods. Ochroma and pana of the Bombacaceae and 
ari ich genera, so far as known, 
ood. 


CHROMA—In the pot States the wood of this genus is 
best known by the name ‘‘Balsa,” but by Spaniards and the 
aN in the tropical countries, by many other 

t Fo: 


he h fl nd f: t the t to) 
three The average growth in diameter under favorable 
itions is rapid, not far 5 inches per year during the 
uvenil te. Th d ranges in weight from 4 to 12 pounds 


per cubic foot. The heart wood is homogeneous, silvery-white 
o pink. The sap wood is always white. There is a semblance 


77 


of annual rings frequently, but they are irregular i in occurrence 
roba 


and are in all p bility a to variations in climate which do 
not occur wi uch regularity. 

CaAvVANILLESIA—In Panama these trees are called ‘‘Quipo” 
and in northwestern Colombia, ‘‘Macondo. here are two 
species in South erica, one d st 


The et of the trunks is a ert in the thick fibrous 
ark, e wood is even lighter than Balsa. It is so wie 
oe that it crushes more or less as the tree falls. 


Pppear to 
urmise is that they are rapid growers and by no means as 
ae as they loo 
ee ee ith the exception of one anomalous species 
in Mexico, this genus has heretofore been considered as confined 
to South America east of the Andes. In 1920 specimens were 


acteristic of the Papayas. The wood of the tree is very soft 
an After a portion of the bark was cut away a machete 
‘ould be shoved t e center of the trunk with comparative 
ease wood is la ed. The parenchyma bands are 
very thick and constitute at least nine tenths of the mass of 
woo The when fresh can be cut into blocks as one 
would arsnips or turnips. B and Quipo do 
shrink excessively wh ry, but the wood of Jacaratia when 
dried shrinks to a mere fraction of its original bulk is said 


is the wood of the South American trees is poisonous when 


eee appears to be certain concomitant features attending 
trees with light wood somewhat as follows: 
Geographically they are confined principally to the Tropical 
rain forest region and to the helt of equatorial calms. 


78 


2. They are plants with a very extensive leaf aes 
. Thick, fibrous bark characterizes most o 
. Their wood is white or at least very light in oe 
W. W. RowWLEE 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND 
STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 
URING THE YEAR 1920 


Barnhart, J. H. ee ia asad in Small, J. K., 
grottoes and ancient dun Jou . Y. Bot. Gard. 
30-36. Issue for Mr 1920. 

oseph Charles aut in Lloyd, C. G., Mycological 

Notes pe 62). 904-906. Je 1920. 

ntibulariaceae, in Britton, N. L., = rea 

CF F., aes Bahama Flora. 393-395. 26 Je 

oe (in part) in Britton, x 7 ad Mills- 

paugh, C. The Bahama Flora. 656-662. 26 Je 1920. 

Jeger diphylla. Addisonia . 31, 32. pl. 176. 

Issue for 30 

(Bographie oo in Small, J. K., In quest of lost 

a a for S 


cacti. Jour ard. 21: 161-176. Issue 
ae 

en es in tars N. L., perry of 
Cuban oh ts new to ce. Mem. Torrey Club 16: r10, 
III. 13 


1920 
(Bignaphies of oe medical botanists), in Kelly, 
H. A. and Burrage, W. L., American medical Biographies. 
20, 21, I4I, 142, 206, 207, ae 558, 559, 649, 650, 669, 670, 
1019, 1177, 1178. 1920. 
Report of the Bigs ie 1919). Bull. N. Y. 


30 

Boynton, K. R. Diplotaeis aie. Addisonia 5: 3, 4. 
pl. 162. paced r 31 Mr 1920. . 

Platycodon grandiflorum. Addisonia 5: 13, 14. Pl. 
167. as i 31 Mr 1920. 

—— Vocational ape in ee for aoe and 
ponvalescen soldiers and sailors. Jour. N. Y. . Gard. 

7-94. Issue for My 1920. 


79 


— — media. Addisonia 5: 39. pl. 180. Issue 
for 30 : 19 
Cera. ae rs lass Addisonia 5: 45, 46. 
pl. 183. Issue for 
Plants for ee Tae The Florist’s Exchange 50: 


t of the Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 
(for 1919). a N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 246-253. € 1920. 
ritton, Mosses of Bermuda. Bryologist 22: 87. 17 


Musci, in Britton, L., and Millspaugh, C. F., The 
Bahama Flora. 477-500. 6 Je 1920 

Adlumia ae Peneen 5: 21, 22. pl. m77. 

Issue for 30 Je 19 

— Th ines arbutiss The Guide to Nature 13: 62. 


S 1920. 


ea wild flowers. Torreya 20: ror. Issue 

forS&O1 

ie a the aa Curator of Mosses (for 1919). 
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 271, 272. 30 Je 1920. 

Britton, N. L. Flora of ae District of Columbia. Torreya 


The wild Pimento of a Jour. N. Y. Bot. 


Issue for F 
out Paulownia trees. “Tour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 

72, 73. Issue for Ap 1920 

Cephalanthus ‘cridenais. Addisonia 5: 17, 18. pl. 
z71. Issue for 30 
A facilis Spicok to Trinidad. Jour N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 21: 101-118. Issue for Je 1920. 

Des eeeeis of Cuban plants new to science (with 
ee ees of P. Wilson.) Mem. Torrey Club. 16: 57-118. 
1920. 
Two new West Indian plants. Torreya 20: 83, 84. 


1920. 
Cas W. Perkins. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 179. 
Issue for S 1920. 

Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for oe 
year 1919. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 213-229. 30 Je 19 


80 


Britton, N. L., and Millspaugh, C. F. The Bahama Flora. 
i-viili + 1695. New York. 26 Je 1920. 
Britton, N. L., and Rose, J. N. The Cactaceae. Vol. II. 
i-vii + 1-237. pl. 1-40 + f. 1-304. Washington, 1920 
Gleason, H. A. tees of the American Iris Sonica 
r. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 39, 40. Issue for F 1920. 
— Some applications va the quadrat ee Bull. 
Torrey Club 47: 21-23. 18 F 1920. 
heii crinita. Addisonia 5: 11, 12. pl. 1766. Issue 
for 31 Mr 1 
Drache speciosum. Addisonia 5: 27, 28. pl. 
174. ae for 30 1920. 
he new erenouse of the Pat York Botanicat 
een Museum Work 2 pl. 1920. 
The measurement oe 2 time. Science II. 
52: Pigs 19 
A new abel journal. Science II. 52: 387, 388. 


Report of the First sae oe (for 1919). Bull N. Y. 
4. 30Je1 


Harlow, S. H. Report - the Ta oes (for 1919). Bull. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 267-269. 30 Je 1920. 

Hollick, A. A graphical representation of geologic time. Sci. 
Am. 122: 27. f. (p. 31). 10 Ja 1920. 

Bird of Poe plumage. Proc. Staten Is. Assoc. 

Arts and Sci. 7: 1-4. 21 Je 1920. 

Catskill aqueduct celebration exhibit. Ibid.: 5-12. 

21 Je 1920 


Oneicus gies in the Clove Valley. Ibid.: 
32-34. a a 21 Je 
A Davie deniers communis : ene Island 
and oe Ros d. Ibid 
(Notes chiefly pene : a Island) ne ne 46}. 
ils 493 53, 34 54-56; 56, 57; 58. 21 Je 1920. 
Cape Cod has changed since the fae landed. 
ONY Y. Evening Post (Magazine Section). SI 
—— Report of the Honorary Curator - fossil cas (for 


genus Liagora Bull. Toney Club 47: 1-8. pl. tr +f. 25-20.. 
18 F 1920 


81 


Ricciaceae, in ae eis L., nes Sea C.F, 


The Bahama 


Flora. 502, 26 


Je 
Algae, in Britton, N. ca aay Museu, C. F., The 

Bahama Flora, 618. 26 Jer 
The 


1920 ee border. ae N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 


138. Issue for Je 1 


Murrill, W. A. 


Cor 
ee ys Am M 
i from Hedgeock. Mycologia i va 42. 2F 


1920 


— Collecting fungi at Yama Farms. 
2F 


43. 1920. 


aoe 2 F 192 


Saturday oH Sunday spring lectures, 1920. 
ONY Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 54, 55. 


nee ot fungi— XXXII. 


9 
Gea ee Mycologia 12: 46, 47. 


aia a near Washington. 


rections and additions to ba polypores of 
ycologia 12: 2 F 1920. 


Mycologia 12: 42, 
2 F 1920. 

‘oria. Mycologia 12: 47-51. 2 F 1920. 
Mycologia 12: 
Jour. 


Issue for Mr 1920. 
Mycologia 12: 59-61. 


pl. 2. 8A 
Light- _ resupinate polypores—I. Mycologia 12: 
77-92. 8 ApI 


A correc 

8 Ap 1920 
— 

III. 

(Illust.) 


(Illust.) 


Po nay excurrens Berk. & Curt. 
107, 108. 8 Ap 1920. 


pa meee : 


What is cane sugar? Sci. Am. 122: 399. 


Mycologia 12: 
tion (on Poria). Mycologia 12: 108, 109. 
extensa rediscovered. Mycologia 12: 110, 


t’s bracket fungus. Sci. Am. 122: 365. 1920. 


10 Ap 1920. 


Plant growths that shed light. Sci. Am. 122: 427, 
440. 17 Ap 1920. (Illust. 


e dendrograph—an instrument that keeps tabs on 
A 


29 My 1920. oe st.) 


Trees es by meadow mice. Jour. N. Y. Bot. 


for My 1920. 
Where fae comes from (and its manufacture). 


Sci. Am. 122: 626. 5 Je 1920. (Illust.) 


82 


—— Another new truffle. Mycologia 12: 157, 158. f. J. 
5 Je 1920. 

——— Pier Andrea Saccardo. Mycologia 12: 164. 5 Je 
1920. 

A mycologist in the making. Mycologia 12: 165. 
5 Je 1920. 

— Kauffman’s Agaricaceae. Mycologia 12: 166. 5 Je 


1920. 
Oudeman’s work on fungi. Mycologia 12: 169. 5 Je 


1920 


Fighting for healthy plants. Sci. Am. 122: 677. 19 
Je 1920. 
Autobasidiomycetes, in Britton, N. L., and Mills- 

paugh, C. F., The Bahama Flora. 637-645. 26 Je 1920. 


n manita. colog 4 2 
Many odd plants kin to pineapple. The Sun and 
New York Herald. 125 1920.  (Illust. 

Mushrooms, good and evil (13 articles). Evening 
Post, Sep., Oct. 1920. (IIlust. 

The blue beetle of the willow. Country Life 38: 114- 

132. O 1920. (Illust.) 

— -— How meadow mice destroy trees. Sci. Am, 122: 525- 

536. 20N i920. (Illust. 

Plants as an inspiration in the art a early peoples. 
Garden Mag. 32: 246-248. D 1920. (Illus 
Light- cn resupinate poly. mn Mycologia 
12: 299-308. 27 D 1920 

e fungi a Blsckeburys Virginia. Mycologia 12: 
322-328. 27 DI 
Notes (on ene and events). Mycologia 12: 36~40; 
104-107; 159-164; 286-289; 334-342. 1920. 

Report of the Supervisor of Public mies (for 
I9I9Q). ae N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 240-246. 30 20 
Nash, G. V. Hardy woody plants in the New York ae 

Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 56-60; 74-77; 119- 

I 


920. 
Viburnum — Addisonia 5: 1, 2. pl. 161. 
Issue for 31 Mr 

Rosa ‘Dr. Van Fleet.” Addisonia 5: 7, 8. !. 164. 
Issue for 31 Mr 1920 


83 


mygdalus ee Addisonia 5: 9, 10. pl. 165. 
Issue for 31 Mr 1 
Benzoin cae Addisonia 5: 15, 16. i. 168. 
Issue for 31 Mr 
Cor a ‘pit. Addisonia 5: 19, 20. pl. 170. 
Issue for 30 Je 
A phe ee ieee Addisonia 5: 23, 24. pl. 172. 
Issue for 30 Je 1920. 
——- Crataegus Phaenopyrum. Addisonia 5: 33. pl. 177. 
Issue for 30 S 1920. 
Viburnum priate Addisonia 5: 35, 36. pl. 178. 
Issue for 30 S 1 
—_ Suphononira Tanakae. Addisonia 5: 37. pl. 179. 
Issue for 30 S 1 
Clethra eae Addisonia 5: 41. pl. 181. Issue 
for 30 S 1920. 
Solidago rugosa. Addisonia 5: 43-44. pl. 182. Issue 
for 30 S 1920. 
Report of the Head Gardener (for 1919). Bull. N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. 10: 253-259. 30 Je 1920. 
Pennell, F. . pene of the local Flora—v. 
Torreya 19: 242. 26 1920. 
——_ _ Ser ophulariaceae of the southeastern ieee States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 71: 224-291. 11 
Soil preferences of Scrophulariaceae. eee 20: 
10, 11. 1 Ap 1920. 
Scrophulariaceae of the central Rocky Mountain 
states. Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 313-381. 30 Ap. 1920. 
Scrophulariaceae, in Britton, N. L., pee of 
ae ea new to science. Mem. Torrey Club 16: 103- 
106. 


1920. 
Seropholriaceae of Colombia—I. Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 72: 
Rusby, H. H. aie en = revision of the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia. Jour. Am. Phar . 9: 240-249. 1920 
Codes of aera ae ‘the U <SDs Pistmacopoes: 


1920 
ae Mulford Biological Expedition of the Amazon 
Basin. Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 98: 27. 18 O 1920. 


84 


——— Descriptions of three hundred new species of South 
American plants with an index to all previously Metts 
species phe South America by the same author. New 


ge 
Report of the Honorary Curator of the economic 
cletons ee 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 269-271 


1920 
Rusk, ‘EL M. The effect of zinc ae on oe. 


streaming. Bull. Torrey Club47: 425-431. f.7,2. 200192 
Rydberg, P. A. (Rosales) Fabaceae: Psoraleae. N. A FL 
4: 65-136. 27 Ja 


1920. 
Notes on Rosaceae—XII. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 
1920 


Bembecuaum : gen. nov., in Britton, N. L., eens 
of Cuban aaa new to-science. Mem. Torrey Club. 
68-69. 1351 


Bice shia notes on the Rocky Mountain 
region—IX. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 441-454. 29 O 1920. 
Henry cas or The Heese Fie Torreya 20: 


Seaver, F. J. ae ak and descriptions of cup-fungi— 
VIII. Mycologia 12: 1-5. pl. 1. 2 F 1920. 

Notes on North American Hypocreales—IV. My- 
cologia 12: 93-98. pl. 6. 8 Ap 1920. 

—— Fungi, in Britton, N. L. ene C. F., The 
Bahama Flora. 631-645. 26 Je 

Small, J. K. Pieris floribunda. fadconia 5:5, 6. pl. 163. 
Issue for 31 Mr 1920. 

grottoes aad ancient dunes. Jour. N. Y. Bot. 

Gard. 21: 25-38. pl. 241, 242. Issue for F 1920; 45-54. 

0. 


Cypress and agai in an ee a Bot. 
Gard. 21: 81-86. 1. 2 
The land of ferns. Jour Eas Mitchell Sc, on 35: 
92-104. pl. 24-28. 920 
Hydrangea quercifolia, Adana 5: 29, 30. pl. 175. 
Issue for Je 1920. 

In quest of lost cacti. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 161- 
178. pl. 251, 252. Issue for S 1920 


85 


Grossularia curvata. Addisonia 5: 47-48. pl. 184. 
Issue for Se : 1920. 
Re f the Head Curator of the Museums and 
Herta ie 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 234-239. 


30 

pete i. 3 The aims and methods of aa oon Jour. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2 Issue for 

r ence studies of a incompaiiity 

in hermaphrodite plants. Jour. Genet. 9: 5-1 

Ja 1920. 


Con setae notes for December (i919). Jour. 
Bot. Gard. 16-18. Issue for Ja 1920 aaary: ees 
41, 42. et oi F 1920;—February. 60-62. Issue for Mr 
1920;—March. 78. Issue for Ap 1920;—April. 97, 98. Issue 
for M 0. 
Chinese Pe-tsai, the salad Mogul. Garden Mag. 31: 
368-369. - 1920. (Illus 
Report of the Director of the Laboratories (for 1919). 
Bull. N. Yy. aa Gard. 10: 259-262. 30 Je 1920. 
Watson, E. E. Corylus rostrata. Addisonia 5: 25, 26. pl. 
I Jel 


Williams, R. . Grimmia See Bryologist 23: 52. pl. 


Calymperaceae “ North America. Bull. Torrey Club 
47: 367-396. pl. 1. o O 1920 
ae — matphylam “Small. Bryolasise 23: 76-78. pi. 
6. 19 
Wilson, P. oe at many points] in Britton, N. L., 


De- 
scriptions of Cuban plants new to science. Mem. Torrey 
lub 16: 57-118. 13 S 1920. 


SPRING AND SUMMER LECTURES 
An attractive series of public lectures on botanical and = rti- 
cultural subjects will be given in the Lecture Hall of the Mus 
anys i. 


there will be one early in June devoted to roses, the exact date 
of which can not ie fixed at this time. 


86 


April 30. Botanizing on a Volcano, Dr. H. A. Gleason. 

May 1. Spring Flowers, Dr. N. L. Britton 

May 7. The Réle of Plants in Man’s Fvolution, Dr. W. A. 
Murrill. 

May 8. Window Gardens for City Homes. Mr. Van Evrie 
Kilpatrick. 

May 14. i onniaicennen in the Northwest, Mr. Leroy Jeffers. 

(Exhibition of flowers, May 14 and 15) 
May 15. Plant Hybrids, Dr. A. B. Stout 


May 21. es — and How to Grow Them, Mr. G. V. Nash. 
May 22. actical Hints for Home oe Mr. Hugh 
Findlay. 


May 28. Bég Vegetation at Cranberry Lake, Prof. W. L. Bray. 
May 29. Why Study Nature?, Dr. W. A. Murrill. 

June 4. Sea Gardens of the Tropics, Dr. M. A. Howe. 

June 5. Collecting in the Rocky Mountains, Dr. F. W. Pennell. 
June 11. How Nature Scatters Seeds, Dr. G. C. Fisher. 

June 12. The Origin of Plant Life, Dr. W. A. Murrill. 


June 26. Color in the Garden, "Miss Baily Exley 

July 2. Floral and Scenic Features of Haiti, Ms G. V. Nash. 

July 3. The Glory of the Annuals, Mr. Arthur Herrington. 
urrill 


July 9. The Golden Mean in Nature, Dr. W. i 

July 10. Planning and Planting the Home Grounds Mr. H. 
Hemenway. 

July 16. Immunity to Disease in Plants, Dr. W. A. Murrill. 

July 17. Wild en Dr. H. ouse. 

July 23. Some Am pe PotaauSs Dr. J. H. Barnhart. 


July 24. The Significance of Sex in Plants, Dr. W. A. 
ill. 


dlay. 
August 13. Impressions of the Colombian Andes, Dr. F. W. 
Pennell. 


87 
August 14. Some of Our Common Food Plants. Dr. M. T. 
Cook. 
August 20. Evergreens and How to Grow Them, Mr. G. V. 


(Exhibi tion ] bare August 20 and 2 
August 21. The Pos of Plants in the System af Nature, 
Dr. W. A. catia 
August 27. Colorado, Dr . Sea 
August 28. The Origin of aren Pane Dr. A. B. Stout. 


The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of 
the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical 
; dford i 


at 149th Street aad Third venue. Those coming by the New 
York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th Street 
for crosstown trolley, ae north at Third Avenue 

JA. Muonniti 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH 
arch conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 
Students of the Garden was held in the museum building on 
sday, March 2, 1921, at 3:30 P. M. 
The program was as follows: ‘‘Remarks on Fossil Algae” 
Dr. Marshall A. Howe and orn bber Content of North 
American Plants" by Dr. H. M. Hal 


Howe reviewed the few papers in which American fossil 
nu 


cene), of which photomicrographs were exhibited, were con- 
sidered to represent two undescribed species. 
A fossil organism of a different character was recently col- 


It forms extended, laminated, calcareous crusts or smaller 
concretions with concentric lamellations. Its microscopic cell- 


88 


ular structure is very imperfectly preserved and a student of 

modern algae would naan feel A alaiet in goi Bs further than to 

say that this South represents the remains 

2 some lime- ete blue- -green alga este with some 

w living in Sees nis of Saat New York and in Little 
Ce Cre Lancaster Coun 

The speaker eee epecaly oa organisms from the 

Pr at hav 


er. 
name Crypiozoon as well as others > more doubtful affinities 
that constitute the genus Solenopor 
. Hall spoke very ey on the rubber con- 
tent a various native North American plants, a matter which 
H wi s i 


during the past few yea: It has been foun er of 
good quality can be obtained from various species of Chryso- 
thamnus and Haplopappus of the Aster Family of plan e 


aie nae arte amnus nauseosus, common a called rabbit-bush, 
shrub that grows abundantly over the semi-desert 
areas ei eer Nevada and Utah. The present stand of 
the varieties of this species would yield, it is ang ee 
300,000,000 Ibs. of good rubber. This rubber could no 
obtained = a price that could coitintte we the ae pater 


varieties of re other 
varieties endure extreme summer “heat. The a appears to 
be ost promising species for use in any attempts that are 
to . pee in the establishment of a rubber-growing industry 
in the United States 

r. Hall also reported on preliminary studies of the rubber 
content in many other species, especially of the Dogbane and 
Milkweed families. 


A. B. Stout 
Secretary of the Conference 


89 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


A guide to nature-study and school garden opportunities in 


from the beginning is a source of great promise for the future 
growth of true nature ae (W. A. M.) 


An underground gasteromycete, apparently a species of Hy- 
sterangium, was brought in owen the middle of February by 
Mr. L. Robba, who collected it with a trained truffle dog under 

n oak tree near White oc New York. The soil was not 
frozen hard because of the viens and a layer of two or 


very poor s ae w iid ied. The were 


he did no tice an , and he ane that his dog w: ot 
particularly ‘‘interested’’ in the find, only scratching a Tittle 
to mar. pot and then walking awa e plants were 
unearthed by scraping the covering of leaves and egos 


hes 
odor present, otherwise the dog would not have been Ree 
M.) 


(W. : 


90 


In the central display house, conservatory range 2, there was 
a fine display of flowering bulbs and other plants for Easter. 


po: 
sles squills seems never to have been so blue before, and the 
vidness of the glory-of-the-snow, Chionodoxa remeaes is 
ie Crocuses, purple, lilac, yellow and white, are in 
abundance, and the daffodils are just beginning to ee their 
blossoms. 
In the fruticetum are more masses of Forsythia, rivalling those 
to which allusion has already been made. And nearby are the 
Cornelian h 


g fo) t hat s 
eas honeysuckle, Lonicera frogontssine, is in full bloom, 
not only here but any other parts of the grounds. JAfag- 
ie ae is a mass ae ae m, and the willows nearby are 
sending out myriads of ‘pussies.’’ (March 29, G. V. N.) 


91 


t may be of interest to know that the following species were 
in eee in the Botanical Garden grounds on or before March 


Crocuses Forsythia, two species 
Siberian Squill Spice-bush 
Glory-of-the-snow Coltsfoot 
Honeysuckles, two species Mountain Spurge 
iogwood, two species donis amurensis 
David’s Peach Jasminum nudiflorum 


Miss Wake field, the well- age Mycologist of Kew Gardens, 
England, arrived in New York on March 10, ae spending 
the winter ean in the British West Indie On March 
19, she left for a tour through parts of bee Easter mm United 
States, and will “al foe England in May. chief interest 
at the Garden was the large soilecion of piaae from the 
American tropics. 


ACCESSIONS 
Lrprary, From Nov. 1, tga, to Jan. 31, 1921 
ARBER, AGNES. Water planis: 
1920. (Given by Mrs. Theron Gs ig.) 
BERKENHOUT, JOHN. at SES a ie ae history of Great-Britain and 
vols. 


Cambridge, 


BRADLEY, RICHARD. History a succulent plants. oe Bie 1727. 

Brucu, Paitipp, SCHIMPER, WILHELM Puivier, & GUMBEL, WILHELM 
THEODOR. Bryobogia europase. 6 vols. Stuttgartiae, ee 5. 

Curtis, WILLIAM. Companion to the Botanical magazine. London, 1788. 

Curtis, WILLIAM. havaiecn catalogue of the Brompton botanic ‘arden 
for... . London, - 

CZAPEK, FRIEDRICH. Biochemie der Pflanzen. Ed. 2. vol. 2. Jena, 1920. 


DryANDER, Jones. Catalogue bibliothecae historico-naturalis dna 
Banks. § vols. Londini, 1798-1 00. 


FLINDERS, MATTHE Voyage to Terra Aus of SSA, Gh yey 
1801, 1802 & 1803 in ‘hs majesty's ship The pane 3 vols. London, 
181 


14. 
Forbes, JAMES. Pineium woburnense. London, 1839. 

Gipson, GEORGE Stacey. Flora of Essex. eee 1862. 

Gorpon, GEorGE. The pinetum. Ed. London, 1880. 

Grigor, JAMES. The eastern arboretum “Lo ndon, 1841. 

Grinpon, Leorotp HartTLeEy. British and garden botany. London, 1864. 


92 


Heprick, Unysses Prentiss. ed. Sturtevant's notes on edible plants. 
eed 1919. (By exchange with New York Agricultural Experiment 
Station.) 


i. L, JoHN. Exotic botany illuswated, in thirty-five figures of curious and 
elegant plants. London, 17, 

Hooker, WILLIAM TacKSON. Description of Victoria regia. London, 
1847. 

House, nae eta Wild flowers of New York. 2 vols. Albany, 
1918 (Given by 

oe eet te exhibition and botanical congress held in London 
from May 22-31, 1866. ondon, 1867. 

NIGHT, Tuomas ANDR A selection from the physiological and hor! 

cultural pape: aan a the Transactions of the Royal and Fiala 
octet: 


LABILLARDIERE, Jacques Jouten HovuTon DE. Relation du chs a la 
recherche de la Pérouse. 1791, 1792. 2vols. Par An 8 
wson, PETER. Pinetum britannicum. 3 vols. Edinburgh. a 
Leroy, ANDRE. Dictionnaire de pomologie. 6 a in 4. Paris, 1867-77. 

Pom ia bri 


‘ ica. ondon. 
Loupon, JANE WELLS. The ladies’ flower- garden : pee perennials. 
2 vols. London, 1843, 44. 
ouDON, JoHN CLAUDIUS. ree of trees and shrubs. 2 vols. 


42. 
GLES, JAMES. Floral a hae ies a London, 1839. 

OvuDEMANS, CoRNEILLE ANTO ee Enumeratio uae 
fungorum. Vols.1&2. Hagae a ce 

PEREIRA, JONATHAN. Elements of se ts Ne and therapeutics. Ed. 
2. 2vols. London, 1842. 

PETERS, WILHELM, CARL HARTWIG. erie ees eaetad nae nach 
Mossambique . . . im 1842 bis 1848 ausgefiihrt. nik. vols. 
Berlin, 1862-64. 

PuLTENEY, RicHARD. A general view of the writings of Linnaeus, Ed. 2. 
ees 180! 

DOUBTE, ‘Puree Joseru. Choix des plus belles fleurs prises dans differ- 


aris, 1827. 
Ronaps, HucGuH. Pyrus malus brenifordiensis. London, 1831. 
Roscoz, Mrs. Epwarp. Floral illustrations is ae seasons. rag ead 
SAvI, GAETANO. Flora italiana olta delle pian 


che si coltivano net giardint d'Italia, 3 vols. Pisa, 1818-34. 

SCHIMPER, WILHELM PHILIPP. pee europaet novi; vel, Bryologiae europ- 
aeae supplementum. Stuttgartiae, 1 4-66. 

SCHIMPER, WILHELM PHILIPP. pshene Bryologiae europaeae. Stutt- 


EE, ALFRED. The potatoe plant. London, 1846. 
So BY, JOHN EpwarpD. British wild flowers . . « described by C. 
Pierpon Johnson. Lambeth, 1860. 
HOMSON, ANTHONY Topp. Lectures on the elements of botany. part 1. 


ussac, F. RIcHARD DE. Flora antillarum. 4 vols. Parisiis, 1808— 
VERSCHAFFELT, AMBROISE COLETTE o a ANDRE, Nouvelle ae 
des Camellias. 13 vols. in 6. Gand, 1848-60. 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim 
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, 
Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, 
Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, 
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, 
eat by a J. Amory Haskell, 
Geor; A. oe 


ates ea A. Hec 

Henry de Forest Baldwin, Denard cn 
Edmund L. Baylies, er M. Hunted 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Aen Iselin, 

Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, 


K. G, Billings, Walter B. Jennings, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. ee 
Prof. N. L. Britt hon Darwin P. Kingsley 


Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, 


. Lane, 
Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 


Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. anrre 
Hon. W. A. Clark, - Everit 


acy, 
C. A. Coffin, dgar L. Meee 
Samuel P. Colt, 


Edmund C. Converse, 


Marin Le Brun ee = baa McMillin, 
Paul _ Cravat r. Walter Mendelson, 
Rev. Dr. H. M. eta ae L. Merrill, 


See H. Dodge, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, 
William B. O. Field, 
James B. Ford, 
Henry W. de Forest, 
Robert W. de Forest, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, 
Daniel Guggenheim, 


Ogden Mills, 

Hon. Ogden L. Mills, 
J. ea nares 
Dr. Lew: Morris, 
F rere R Newbold 


Phen E. ied 


Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Ph me 
F. R. Pier: 
James R. Pitcher, 

A. Place, 
Hon. Anning S. Prall, 
Charles F, Rand, 
Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. H. M. Richards, 
John D. Backetelied 
William Rockefeller, 
W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
Prof. H. H. Rusb 
Dr. ee H. Sayre, 
ny 


Valentine P. Snyder, 
James Speyer, 
Frederick oe 
F. K. Sturgis, 


B. B. Tha: 
Charles G. Tiree 


Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, 

Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. Charles a 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, =r V. Eve: acy, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, s. Henry Mesanad, 
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, ta George W. Perkins, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Mrs. James Roosevelt, 


Gs 
Mrs. Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry =e SE Mrs. Jas. 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. if, ake 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs, F, F. Thompson. 


PUBLICATIONS OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, mee illustrated, containing 
notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to aJl members 
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy $1 card a year. [Not offered in ex- 

change.] Now in its twenty-second volum 

Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in ae and otherwise; devoted to fungi, 
including lichens; pear fem technical ardeles and news and notes of es 
interest, and an index to current tenet mycological fteritiire. $4.00 
single ries not for sale. [Not offered 1 in exchange.] Now in its thirteentll 

volum 

Pt quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates aceon ied by 
popular ie escriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty-two 
in each volume. Subscription price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] 
Now in i sixth vi 

Bulletin of the ts York Botanical Garden, containing oe ii reports of 
the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and t ical articles em- 
pears results of inusetieations carried out in the Cae [ae to all mem- 

s of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its tenth volume. 


completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume set consist of four or more 


each. 
ol. 3, part I, 1910. ougeueeone peo 
ol. 7, part 1, 1906; pi rt 3, 1912; parts 4 and 5, 1920; part 6, 
1921. Giiasiacne-"Aceiiaene tears (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold 
separate 
Vol. 9 Gow complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.) 
Vol. 10, part I, 1914; Bae and 3, 1917. Agari nee (oar). 
Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. “Sofeen aceae—Leucob 


Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhac eae —Poaceae (pars). 
Pe a 21, part 1, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allionia- 


, parts 1 and 2s 19053 parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 
Podasierineccae nee 
ol. 2 echt aaoTge es Ce Fabaceae (pare): 
Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. 


Vol. 32, part L 1918. Rubiaceae (pars). 

Vol. 34, part 1, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae. 

Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to aims: of the Garden, 
$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. ot Pies in ext 

Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana, and the Yelm 
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 re with detailed map. 19 

Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel 
ment, by D. acDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 les 8 1903. 


Flora of the Vicinity of New ee ‘ "Contribution to Plant Geog- 
rie - Norman Taylor. vi + 683 pp., iscsi 9 plates. 
Vol. VI. Papers ars at the Celebration of the Twe ntjeth Anniversary 


of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 


Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members of the staff, lee reprinted from jou 
other than the a; ae Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 


NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 
Bronx Park, New York City 


Vol. XXII May, 1921 No. 257 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Further Botanical Studies in Trinidad 93 
Guide to the Economic Museum 102 
ird the tanical Garde 103 
Conference Notes for A 105 
Notes, News and Comment 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
Ns Ss LANCASTER, PA 


iso 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFIOERS, 1921 
PrEsIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
VicE-PRESIDENTS { HENRY 2 Oe ORE Sy 
FREDERIC S. LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
HENRY de ed BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 1923 


EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires J: pets 1924 
HN L. BRIT WIS aaa ORR 
ENRY W. Tht FOREST FREDE RIC R. NE 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN SHOMP SON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE Mayor or THE City or NEw YorE 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
i SCIENTIFIC ee 


ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairma 
UGENE P. BI CKNEL L PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
I 
AM J PR 


. PRA 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Pug, dint 
DR. een K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
R. W. A. MUR L, Supervisor of Public Instruction 


O 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Foanomie Chee 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mos 
DR. AOE WILLIAM | Honorary Curator of Fossi i} Plants 


ARTHUR J. COR BETT, Superintendent of Buildi Sep and tian 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII May, 1921 No. 257 


FURTHER BOTANICAL STUDIES IN TRINIDAD! 


To THE SCIENTIFIC DrrEcTOoRS OF THE NEW YorK BOTANICAL 
GARDEN. 
nage Pursuant to aia granted by the Board of 
Managers, I have continued botan study and collecting in 
Trinidad, Brivsh West Indies, eae New York on February 
21, 1921, and returning on April 25, travelling both ways on 


2) 
+ 
oO 
2 
BS 
Oo 
= 
a 
a) 
> 
ct. 
= 
ao 
ioe | 
= 
| 
Qa 
2 
ory 
he 


ine, 
e objects of the trip were to supplement observations and 
sleet made by us in Trinidad a year ago as another contri- 


Y 
Univesity and The United States National Museum. Mrs. 
d me; also Dr. Fred J. Seaver of our curatorial 
staff, Profesor ae van Ingen, of Princeton University, 
ith Mrs 


W. E. Broadway, Assistant Botanist, Mr. F. W. Urich, Entomo- 
logist, and other members 7 the Trinidad Department of Agri- 
culture aided us in many ways, and Miss Minerva Hart, Libra 
rian of the Public oo Port of Spain, was enue 
helpful on all occasion 

YJourn, NX. Y. Bot. Gard, 21: 101. 1920. 


93 


94 


ver paid especial attention to the fungi, and the series 
im 


ormation about plant mabl w extinct, but an exhai 
tive investigation of Trini aed palaeobotany requires prolonged 
residence in the vicinity of the outcrops; he also took many 


phs. 
Our studies and collections were made for the most part at 


savanna areas and parts of the Bocas i iends were dascat wus 
in search of rare species or for f species 
formerly collected. We arrived at Por t of Spain on the evening 
0 


tions in the lowland forests at Arima and n alencia, wher 
as , a fine colony of the rare sedge Diplacrum 
longifolium was found, interesting because its capitate inflor- 
cence simulat of thern bur-re (Sparganium) 
Here for the first time, the curious sedge-like Rapatea, 


teristic; her s. Britton detected a very rare little leafless 
ink-flowered species of Leiphaimos of the tia amily, 
growing in the forest mould, rolonged search revealed only 


tp 
a few individuals of this highly interesting species. Two 


1Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 112. 1920. 


95 


were here given to care of collections and herbarium cee 
rch 


as compared with that eae hes in Florida anc norton 
West Indies, and all it f wide t 
the marine algae are also few. A coastal hill, ‘amiderlaid by de: 


. On 
sae 12 we studied the ne woodlands on un eee as 
s Cut toward Belle View; here, in 

young plants of the Carat Palm (Sabal ney wtih 

we had supposed to be restricted in distribution to forests of the 
central and southern parts of Trinidad. 

A most successful and altogether enjovable excursion was 

de on March 13 to Morne Bleu, in the northern mountain 

F 


1500 to over 2000 feet, and rich in species of many kinds of 


96 


plants. Wet banks were covered with the little a flowered 
h many kinds 


ry ok na 

visit, was seen along a road!. Among cee Alchornea sabe 
of the Spurge a with delicate drooping tassels of green 
flowers and a species of the Myrtle Family with large thick 
leaves and a fruits an inch long were of especial interest. 
Dr. Seaver many fungi in this forest. The next day was 
wholly ae for the care and preservation of the specimens 
collected at Morne Bleu. 

A visit was made with Mr. W.E. Broadway, Assistant Botan- 


ou 
Pe) eee a con border. On March 16 a long to be re- 
membered visit was made to the mountain forest on the slopes 
of the Heights of Aripo, ee Compenicy b y Mr. Freeman and 
Mr. F. W. Urich, Ent f the pes ear of Agriculture. 
Mr. Urich had previously explored this district and he made ar- 
rangements for guides and bearers with Mr. L. S. Dade, to whom 


Qa 


a 
a noteworthy addition to the known flora of Trinidad. noth 
plant of much interest is the small tree Schoenobiblos gravdifali 
the only Trinidad representative of the Thymeleaceae; it is 


1Dr. Pennell has identified it as Tovenia Thouarsti, not hitherto known 
from Trinidad. 


97 


dioecious, both kinds of flowers in round heads, and we were 
fortunate in securing good specimens of both. ie the forest 

suffused with delightful alicia > as dia flowers, 
small and yellow, borne on mediu zed trees; ferns, mosses and 
hepatics were everywhere in pe Coen and variety and 
many fungi were obtained. 

nm March 18 collections were made in a forest at Arima. 

On March 19 we drove with Mr. Broadway to the southern coast 


wi e 1t: t, 
narrow, ore ae pods; a fine ee -flowered oe 
grows on a coastal bluff; in the pens we found good specimens 
of the white- vais L pomges senicantia, the ies filial 
tically hairy. uch of tk the Jigger 
tree aes very conspicuous through its masses of sma al 
white flowers, and highly interesting as an arboreous member 
of the Acanthus Family. 

h 20 we went to Point Cumana, on the western coast, 


brackish soil bordering mangrove swamps, an unusual habitat 
for a species of its family, and we were fortunate in finding it 
both flowering and fruiting. Another visit was to the 
Piarco Sava arc. , and we revisited the O'Meara 
Savanna o ese nnas we were in search for 
two small herbaceous plants collected there some years ago, but 


24 we eae our base of operiieds from Port of Spain 
to Las Lilas, a country estate of Mr. J. W. Stephens in the Mont- 
serrat Hills, which Mr. Stephens had kindly placed at Mr. Free- 
man’s disposal for scientific purposes. M 
panied us; also Mr. W. Nowell, Assistant Director of Agriculture, 


98 


ae oC Nowell. Las Lilas proved a comfortable and conve- 
ent place for the study of several districts. On March 25 we 
aa the high dense forest along the Guayaguayare Road 


tr rees are especially IME essive: and oe ee oblong pods con- 
taining I or few seeds d tint 

ing. As in other mora forests visited, seedling trees are very 
abundant. A shrub, apparently of the genus Psychotria (Rubia- 


. aba 
and March 28. A species of Bauhinia, a long woody vine of the 


hig re c cuous masses 0: 
wers. The beautiful bromeliad, Hohenbergia stellata, with 
Ss fl re We first 


mad arch 28, and 
Hs flowing days were given to care of the collections for the 
most 
Paine os on the northeastern coast, was visited with Mr. 
Broadway on March 31 and enue of ue veectation of bata 
banks and rocks were made. The 


ys were given 


to garden and herbarium studies, and in eairemoon s e trans- 
ferred our base to Gasparee Island, remaining there until I april 7 
using the er-launch Marie for visits to the Bocas Islands, 
making collections supplementary to those obtaine these 
islands a y' n April 3 we went to Chacachacare Island 
escorted by Mr. Freeman and Mr. Nowell, and 1 

pleasure is excursion of the company of Sir Francis Watts 


this 
Imperial Commissioner of Agriculture for the West Indies, who 


99 


had come from Barbadoes to attend an intercolonial ae 


as) 
o 
po 
3 
= 
os 
wm 
Pty 
t 
2 
ct 
g 
Oo 
® 
fon) 
S 
aa 
& 
d 
8 


ne the a was a most successful one. We were again indebted 
to Captain Mendes = Mrs. Mendes, at La Tinta, for aid 


ital 
Sea at Domas Bay, Monos Island, and tra- 
versed Ge mae part of that islarid, finding much of interest. 


lo 
mens; the Seen Peperomia of this flora was abundant 


new to u ite unexpected, as was also a small gnarled tree 
a species of Elaphrium (Burseraceae), gro’ n the roc. 
0S 


ie side of the island was taller and more Men in species than 
e had supposed. Collections were made on Gasparee Island 
and on Little Cae on April 6, aad we cane to Port of 


100 


Spain on April 7, in time to attend the reception of His Excellency 
Sir John Chancellor and Lady asia to the delegates of the 
Intercolonial Educational Conference at Government House, 
taking raat a of this delienthulo occasion to study the charm- 
ing eee 

On April . we ne e with Mr. Broadway to Siparia, and clos 


climbing aroids oth ines, incl g a beautiful purple- 
flow Solanum drooping from a tall tree and a Bignoniad 
with large yellow flower: er a tall tree with broa 
leaves, which s bladdery fruits that rattle in the wind 


e 
is abundant here, and one of the native species of Annona, which 
has large, warty fruits, was seen with interest. 

Salin eBay, on ne ecm Coast and the wonderful Mor 
F were studied on oie 10, eth 
Mr. and Mrs. Nowell. In a mangrove swamp at Saline Bay we 
Eee a colony of a Crinum with bulbs deeply ace in the 


A very interesting excursion was made on April 11 to swampy 
forest, ponds and wet meadows near the ‘Caroai River south of 
rima. ds were full of white and pink water-lilies 


flowers, and Pentaclethra filamentosa of t aceae, W 
long spikes of flowers with b white filaments; Henrietella, a 
small Melastomad tree wa: in bloom, its small pinkish flowers 


s also in blo t 
borne on twigs below the leaves, and the woody pods of A palaioa, 
a marsh tree of the Cassia Family, were obtaine 
On April 12 we drove to the Pitch Lake near Brighton on the 


101 


western coast, making collections there and at points on the way. 


ere obt. dn he oO 
sides nearby yielded specimens of some trees and marie Our 


final excursion of the trip was made on Apr the famous 
Aripo Savanna, always a region of hea en with its 
ide grassy Fang enclose forests. t 


stream, said to be the home of large strangling snakes, which we 
did not see, is a watergarden of great beauty. 

Through the kindness of Mr. Freeman, our Cactus investiga- 
tion was aided by his obtaining for us fine specimens of t 


oO 


Dr. R ro: study of incomplete mater: ‘0 be 
species new to science, pes pees eG in edeeanaeon to 
Toba ) 
I 


an inquiry recently made relative to timbers 
the northern South American region which might be available 
the 


ods urpose in Trinidad are those Mora 
(Dimorphan sa), Balata (Mimusops Balaia) and White 
Poui (Tabebuia patsy olia). Of these, the la: said t t 


most durable in the soil, but in Trinidad, at least, is the most 


mens, esas as an average of about four specimens of each 


coo: erating institutions a fo} eal as ganas 1 also 
obtained in exchange several hun dred specimens from the her- 


cessions to our represetitation of this interesting flor: 


102 


our arrangement with the ee Herbarium Ga the 
has bee 


to proceed there this summer and make callectones in regions not 
visited by Dr. Hitchcock. 
Respectfully ee 
N. L. Britton, 
Director-in- ae 


GUIDE TO THE ECONOMIC MUSEUM 


On April 30th, Dr. H. H. by’s Guide to the Economic Afus- 
eum of the New York ae ee was issue s the work 
is a catalogue of extensive collec ices assembled to emphasize 
the importance of plant life to t tribution 

o the literature of economic botany that has ceria value 

and should Yikes distinctly useful es from the special service 

it was ae red t rm. 

Int: nen stresses one fact that every worker among 
t 


=e 
z 
oO 


tis paten t the economic species and the systematic 

ie lar concepts. result, botanical 
identification of vegetable products is only possible when her- 
barium speci s are available that are known to represent the 
source plants. In order to do away with the loose methods that 
are an evil inseparabl useum ary cir- 
cumstances, the curators of the New York Botanical Garden col- 
lection have e persistent efforts to tie up to botanical sources 
the oe intended for es Neo and exhibition. Indeed, 
Dr. Rusby is able to state that in the pursuit of this object and 


1 Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11: 1-318. 30 Ap 1921. 


103 


in the extent to which it has been carried out, the collection 
of economic products in the New York Botanical Garden is pro- 
‘bably unique 

In the Guide: the classification of materials is made in ac- 
cordance with the nature of the products, and, in general, ac- 


centuates botanical affinities onl n species are ar ed in 
botanical SS as bea Saees This classification 
f eneral purp seems to over a 


advantages 
strictly eae ee although ‘ eed to a wide separation 
of ay oe of the same spec 
he ideal it ae in two series, one to exhibit 
Bie cee the ec crea Nave a family, aa aia to oo 


ed to similar uses, ee the disadvant ge of dupli ti ial 

akes inordinate demands on valuable space. The best 
treatment for lic exhibitions is undoubtedly one that illus- 
trates the different categories under which raw products enter 
the pate tt field, and it : ve ipatment that characterizes 
the Guide to f the New York Botanical 
Garden. 


Combined with the descriptive text which accompanies each 
of the twenty-six main divisions, the list of species and products 


Pp 
literature of economic botany. 
OakEs AMEs. 


BIRDS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN 


Thi have been 11 bl 


Dic 
one for the obeery ation ci bind: life in the Garden, but ae cimer 
of observers engaged in this ees outdoor recreation has 
doubtless been greater than r before, which would at least 

partly account for the many species noted. The ees vem 


104 


from the South were the red-wing blackbird and robin during 
the first week of March. Next came the bluebird, whose pres-, 


somewhat straggling host of others, representing many species 
and including some of our most beautiful native birds. A num- 
ber of these warblers are rarely seen and then only by persistent 
effort, for the majority of them breed farther north and may 


Park. (It was estimated that about 1,000 bodies of the smaller 
birds were scattered aie evidently killed by striking the head 
against glass or other parts of the tall buildings near.) 

Returning again to yon a of migrants that nest with 


thrush or veery and the wood thrush, all of these being fine song- 
sters and frequently heard along our walks. 

Another nesting bird, but a more or less permanent resident, 
the wood duck, appeared May 7th, surrounded by 14 lively 
youngsters, on a small pond not 300 yards from the Museum 


the world had evidently been hard on hee what with weasels, 


105 


snapping turtles and perhaps still worse, h 
side. 


© pass from one of the largest to the very smallest bird 
n 


the larger trees, and already the young are flying about, almost 
or quite able to care for themselves (May 22nd). 

And speaking of cavities in trees, recalls an incident that hap- 
pened a number of weeks ago. It seems a bluebird, recently ar- 
rived, was examining rather carefully a hollow limb, evidently 

: : ‘Idi ae : 


t 
shortly appeared on the scene and a fight promptly began for 


not wholly desirable Gureae with which remark these brief 
notes must be closed, although many of our very commonest 
birs have not been mentioned 

R.S. W. 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL. 


The conference of the scientific staff and registered students 

of the Garden for April was held on the afternoon of April 6th. 

Murrill discussed ‘‘Resupinate Polypores” and 

exhibited various specimens of this interesting and important 
group of fun. 

Dr. Murrill’s s subeations on this group are to be found chiefly 

in Volume 9 of North American Flora, and in Mycologia for Sep- 

tember, 1919; January, March, and November, 1920; and March 


106 


and May, 1921. He has described about Io new genera and 80 


new species, out of tal of about 140 species treated; has re- 
duced many specific name ynony any new 
combinations. There still remains considerable work to : 


s 
ce oo difficulties of the group were thus presented by 
Murr 

es resupinate polypores are particulary difficult for several 
reasons. In the first place, they lack the definite shape whic 


w. n e 
mostly small, the characters that are present being necessarily 
on a small scale. 

‘‘As a rule, each individual specimen has to be examined with 
the microscop' , even then, the well- known variability i in 


fe) 
= 
ian 9 
oO 
= 
= 
oO 
c. 
6.3 
oO 
ca 
5 
mn 
= 
chs 
+ 
® 
wn 
= 
= 
3 
> 
ot 
oO 
on 
3 
La} 
| 
fi 


S cciden $ 
among pileate species non give considcrable t rouble because of 
their pe resemblan o forms uniformly resupinate, and for 
this reason a wide a east knowledge of pileate forms is 


“The white and bright- — reupmat are more oe ficult 
ore 


those having access to fresh specimens or to recently collected 
ial.” 


materia 
“erbari i Iso badl xed and it is necessary 


in rly all cases to get at the oe types for comparison. 


with originals and distributed to all the eae taxonomic 
centers for the use of students for indentifica : 


A. B. Stout. 
Secretary of the Conference. 


107 
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


The John Burroughs Memorial Association was inaugurated 
on April 15 at a meeting of a number of his friends at the Amer- 


water, Mr. Kermit Roosevelt, Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, Mrs. 
ee Ford, and Mr. W. O. Roy 


fty members of the Woman’s Municipal League, including 
her 


eM 
sion under the supervision of Mrs. M. G. Shale w pea 
the excursion. 


Professor H. H. Whetzel of Cornell University and Dr. C. 
Ferdinandsen, professor in plant pathology at the Royal Agri- 
cultural College, Copenhagen, were among the recent visitors at 

e Garden. Professor Whetzel is planning to spend:a year in 
Bermuda a his time to a aut es of the aa of the islands, 
especial! t 


gpl 


Dr. Van Evrie — visited the vend on Saturday, 
May 21, with a number of teachers from va s parts of the 
city and was shown exhibits ace interest in on with 
nature-study work 


. H. E. Thomas, assistant ies of plant pathology in 
Cornell University, recently spent a day at the Garden looking 
over our collections of ere fungi 


Dr. H. S. Jackson of Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. 
spent a few days at the Garden recently looking over specimens 
of plant rusts. 


108 
Dr. H. A. Gleason, Assistant Director, left the Garden early 
n June for British tere jana eg order to make extensive botanical 
salen in that 


Bulletin 41, a by Dr. H. H. Rusby, honorary curator 
of the economic collections, was issued April 30, 1921. It con- 


t pro S$; 7,0! 
Separates of ne bulletin have been bou 
and placed on sale at $2.00 each. It is reviewed ona previous 
page by Mr. Oakes Ames. 
M eteorology for March:— ‘The total ee for the month 
mperi 


24° on the 5th, 29° on t h, 23° on the Toth, and 30 


21st and 77° on the 25th. The minimum temperatures were: 
29° on the 2nd, 30° on the 11th and on the 12th, 37° on the roth 
and 47° on the 27th. 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, 
Fritz Achelis, orace Hardi 
Edward D. Adams, 


Charles B. Alexander, 


Vincent Astor, R. A. Harper, 
John W. Auchincloss, AE a Haskell, 
George F. Baker, A. Havemeyer, 
Stephen Baker, i Heckscher, 


Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffm 
Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, in 

Eugene P. Bicknell, 
C. K. G. Billings, 
George Blumenthal, 
George S. Brewster, 


Walter B. Jennings, 
Otto H. Kahn, 

Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Darwin P. erie 
Edw. V. Z. L 

Dr. MiehOlaa M: Butler, Dr. Albert R. Renee 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, 


Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 
eee rk, V. Everit Macy, 

Edgar L. Marston, 


A. Coffin, 
oe 12h Co It, 
Marin Le Brun oe 
Paul D. Cravath, elie McMillin, 
Charles Deering, r. Walter Mendelson, 
Rey. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Jin L. Merrill, 
lsc H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, 

uel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, 
William B. O. Field, 
James B. Ford, Dr. Lew: 
Henry W. de Forest, Peyen ss dak 
Robert W. de Forest, C.D. N 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. ne 
Daniel Guggenheim, 


Prof. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 


Ira A. Place, 


Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. H. M. Richards, 
John D. Rockefeller, 
William Rockefeller, 
W. Emlen Roosevelt, 


‘Prof. H. H. Rusby, 


Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Mortimer L. Schiff, 
Albert R. Shattuck, 
Henry A. Siebrecht, 
William Sloane, 
Valentine e Snags 


James Spe 

Frederick ome 

F. K. Sturgis, 

B. B. Thayer, 

Charles G. Thompson, 
W. Boyce Thompson, 
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson 
Louis C. Tiffany, 
Felix M. Warburg, 
Paul M. Warburg, 
Allen Wardwell, 

. H. Westinghouse, 
Bronson Winthrop, 
Grenville L. Winthrop. 


= 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
“ini Gustav E. Kissel, 


A. Hutcheson, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. George W. Perkins, 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


i, Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, 
Mrs. John I. Kane 


Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs . F. Thompson. 


Provisions for 
Banetacior: Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Membetl 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 


and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 

The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by te 

or by bequest shall entitle the Cepek to be a benefactor of the Gard 
2. Patrons 

The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 

or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden 
3. Fellows for Life 

The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 

one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4, Fellowship Members 

Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 

life when their payments aggregate $1000.00, 
5. Sustaining Members 

Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 iat and become 

fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.01 
6. Annual Members 

Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. 
All members are entitled to the following privileges: 

1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers. 

2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of 

M 


anagers. 
3. A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 
4. A copy of all annual reports and Bulletins. 

5. A copy of the monthly Journal. 

6. Privileges of the Board Room. 


7. Life Members 
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00, 
Information 
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members 
throu the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building 
at 3 o'clock. 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 


Vol. XXII June, 1921 No. 258 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


‘ 
CONTENTS 

PAGE 
Mhe Cherry Garden Shelter............00c.ccccccccceucusccuvecasceess 109 
PRP URECIRO TID IS TOWING cfs 3ico cieccizuisis se nib wis sieiaiele's aisle einleja nin crams weteaa viv ebeny 110 
Wisitifrom High School Pupils........0..scesccescvcnedecsceecctectcace 112 
Spring Inspection of Grounds, Buildings and Collections ............. 112 
Notes, sd PART EA AMID INDENT ELD bia oie Sr cla el ae: ois'e' ela ele so ets a (ate wrdisia hash nicid eta leiasie cia Sia 113 
Accessions ........... etabstataretes nietetarete tats steal Gralay ova fataisiete oisis) stn eta tik tages 115 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 8 West Kinc STREET, LANCASTER, Pa. 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 : 
PrEsSIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
HENRY W. DeEFOREST 
VicE-PRESIDENTS | FREDENIC S. LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L, MERRILL 
ASSISTANT bial DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
‘m expires January, 1922 


HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH AD! eet ea SOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS 

Term expires January, ae 
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 

Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD Lae 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
R. NICHOL at ee BUTLER HO ANNING S. PRALL 
aS Be pecireat ee F. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
F. JAMES F MP PROF, HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. i ee ree Bizet. Chief (Development, Administration) 
A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN ra SMALL, Head’ Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
R. W. A. MURRILL Supervisor of Public Instruction 


U 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BA NHART, Bibliographer 
RAH H. HA ibrarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRIT TTON, Hontrara Curator of Mosses 
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants 
cs WIL : j ist 


ve = 


6% aLlvIg NAGUV) ‘IVOINVLOG MYOA MAN SHE gO IVNuNO[ 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXIT June, 1921 No. 258 


THE CHERRY GARDEN SHELTER 
WITH PLATE 257 

Am the various aria needed for the development of 
the Caner included in plans of the Endowment Committee 
of the Board of apa the recently built Cherry Garden 
Shelter is one of the most useful and interesting. 

Situated on the crest of a knoll lying between the Cherry Gar- 

a ri 


beyond. To the south there is a long vista through the Mag- 
nolia Valley : and to the north - Vv we is closed by the fine group 

of beech trees along the Rive 
a quaint touch of Old in thie Cherry Garden Shelter 


is) roo! 
making a delightful foil to the gracefully drooping een of the 


ge th ri 
the piers are intermediate supports of old os trelliced also in 


109 


110 
native fashion. With balconies on the ends and rear, the sh« 
is surrounded on three sides by a light railing, the fourth 
open to the Cherry\ Garden. i stone seats provide res 
elte 
he structure! bears a pene tablet with the following 
scription: 
Cherry ane 7 
buil 
Niven ‘rd a 
Elizabeth Cie Britton 
in memory © 
Charles Patrick Daly 
and 
Maria Lydi ig D 
Benefactors or re 


New York Botanical Garden 
Joun R. BRINLE 


STEWARDSON BROWN 


By the death of Mr. Stewardson Brown at his home i in Germ 


8 
2 
i) 
° 
a 
Nol 
nN 
7 
ion 
6 
o. 
:¥) 
5 
=) 
a 
pet} 
a 
n 
2 
= 


r. Brown was ermantown on April 29th, 1867 
was a member of a distinguished family, descended fr e 
came from England to Massachusetts i 
great-grandfather Thomas Stewardson wa ply intere mie 
lants ° f the founders of the Horticultural Soci 
of Philadelphia and his more immedia e i 
lovers of plants and of flowers. His botanical studies bega: 


his boyhood, while in the Germantown Academy, from wt 
institution he was graduated in pe as ai as 1882 he wz 


‘ The plans and specifications for the well as 
supervision of its construction, were contri ribub ed, without se rge, by 
Brinley, Landscape Engineer ot the Ga rden, who was aided in his desigi 

r. Louis irt the direction of Mr. Arthur J. Cort 
Sy uperintendent of Buildings and Sa without having recourse to 
contractor. (EpDIToR.) 


lil 


member of a natural history club which shee ne the flora, 
early bec 


nteer assistant to Mr. Meehan in the herbariu 
ca i 


in the Proceedings of the Phila- 
delphia Academy, 1909: 486-494. He also accompanied me to 
Porto Rico in the early part of 1915, where we made large col- 
lections.! 

I first made his acquaintance about 1891], either at the her- 
ele of the Philadelphia Academy or on one of the joint field 


ompa mens of many species of plants of the local 
floras of Philadelphia and New York; he was elected a member 
of the Torrey Botanical Club on May 14th, 1893. 
Brown was an enthusiastic collector but not a voluminous 
uthor. He published in 1905, with Dr. Ida A. Keller, a very 
teil “Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity,” 
a work of 360 pages, and in 1907, his ‘‘Alpine Flora of the Cana- 
dian Rocky Moutains,” 353 pages with many reproductions 


1 Journ. N. Y. Bo. Gard. 16: 103-112. 


112 


of aes drawings and of photographs by Mrs. Charles 
Schae 
N. L. Britron 


VISIT FROM HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS 


200 biology pupils from the Washington Beli High es 
visited the Garden on the forenoon of M y, June 13, to 
study tropical plants in the conservatories; po ee ae 

t 


were in charge of Miss Mullen and several other teachers in 
biology. The lecture was given by Mr. Taman, 


forenoon of T day, June 14, at the Garden i charge of Dr. 
ody a: i 


charge of Mr. Mann and several of his teachers spent the after- 
noon of Thursday, June ae in carrying out their usual program 
at the Garden, beginning at near the Elevated 
Station and taking up herbaceous plants and trees, prior to the 
museum work and lecture. Mr. Hastings occupied the platform 
and spoke to the pupils on the subject of Forestry 


the gro r 
total of over 1,300 pupils were in Reeri at the fhieees series 
of lectures and demonstrations. 
W. A. MuRRILL 


SPRING INSPECTION OF GROUNDS, BUILDINGS 
AND COLLECTIONS 


The spring aie was carried out ponsenane on the 
afternoon of Thursday, May 5, 1921, including a visit to Con- 
servatory Range 1, where pee attention was given to the col- 


113 


lections of palms, ferns and their cee aroids, ere 
and tropical water plants. The party then proceeded to t 


n. 
The party then proceeded by motor cars to Conservatory 


house, and thence to the Cherry Garden Shelter. Tea was 
served in the Mansion by the members of the Women's Auxiliary 
present. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 
A lJong-needed connection between parts of the path-system 
east and west of the River Road at the lower end of the Cherry 
Garden Valley, in a grove of beech trees, has recently been effect- 


he work 
possible by a gift of money from Mr. Leon Schinasi, through 
Mr. Daniel Guggenheim, Chainnan of the Endowment Com- 
mittee of the Board of Managers. 
An underground gasteromycete, apparently a species of Hys 
lerangium, was brought to me about the middle of February by 
Mr. L. Robba, who collected it with a trained truffle dog under 


lay’ 
three inches of leaves, but the tiny “puffballs” were frozen and 
made very poor specimens when dried. The spores were rather 


114 


rough, ovoid, and distinctly umber-brown under a microscope. 
Mr. 


ic 
larly ‘‘interested”’ in the find, only scratching a little to mark the 
spot and then walking away. The plants were unearthed by 


into the soil. There must have been some odor present, other- 
wise the dog would not ne been attracted. 
What we need here in the East is an army of enthusiasts ae 


le 
dogs would also be invaluable. This is a matter for mycological 
and botanical clubs to consider. The autumn is the best season 
for such work. A 


ae New York Bird and Tree Club met Saturday, May 28th, 
arden, taking their luncheon at the Mansion. The 
eh object of their visit was a study of trees, following a sug- 


20th at the Swiss Chalet in Central aes Among other in- 
teresting sights that of a humming bird on its nest brought a 
thrill to many who had never before ee this rare privilege. 


The Girl Scouts ot the Bronx came to the Garden by troops 


grounds to see and hear about the natural features and the chief 
cultivated areas 


. Stout spent two bare) ade June at the State Ex- 


perimental Station at Geneva, N. Y., in making 
of flower types in grapes ah in the ee, of breeding for seedless 
sorts of h ork is being done i operation 


g 
with the Department of Horticulture of the Experimental Station. 


The following visiting botanists have registered in the library 

during the spring: Mr. Carlton D. Howe, Morrisville Mr 
Melchers, Manhattan, Kansas; Miss Elsie M. Wakefield, 
yal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn, 

Ben Vt.; Prof. Arthur S. Graves, New Haven, Conn.; 


115 


Prof. F. E. Lloyd, McGill apa Prof. W. W. Rowlee and 
Dr. H. E. N. ; H 


ap : ; 

G. Streeter, Jersey City, N. J.; Prof. W. A. Setchell, Berkeley, 

Calif.; Mr. W. W. Eggleston, Washington, D.C. ren ns. Louise 

Sander, ae Belgium; Prof. John W. Harshberger, Philadel- 

phia, Pa.; Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Chicago, I.; Mr. C. Ferdinand- 
k; Prof. G. W. 


L. Bray and Henry F. A. Meier, Syracuse University. 


ay Ee cial feos iy precipitation ue oe month 
2.62 


The d for each 
ee were or errs ae on ee 8th, 81° on the oth, 92° 0 
the 22nd and 84%° onthe 29th. The minimum ape 


were va on oF 6th and on the 12th, 42° on the 17th and 41° on 
the 2. 


ACCESSIONS 
LIBRARY, FROM FEBRUARY I TO APRIL 30, 1921 


Acta forestalia fennica. Vol 2 Helsingforsiae, 1913-20. (Given by the 
Forstwissenschaftliche Geaellechaft { in Finnla: 

Ames, Oakes. Orchidaceae; Fascicle VI. Boston, 1920. (Given by the 
author. 5 

Casares Git, ANTONIO. Flore ibérica. Briofitas 1. Hépaticas. Madrid, 


Conmisséo de lunhas ielegraphicas estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas. 
Publicacdo 26, 38, 40, 41, 43, 45, 51. Rio de Janeiro, 1914-19. (Given by the 
Ameri ie m oO} ural 


ory.) 
Czapek, Friepricu. Biochemie der Pflan. Ed, 2, Vol. 3. Jena, 1921. 
DELILE, ALIRE RAFFENEAU. [Afémoires a ean de la ‘‘Descrip- 


is, 181 
LDEMAN, EMILE Aveo Josep. Mission Emile Laurent. Fasc. 
I-§ (1903-1904) Bruxelles, 1905-07. 
Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens. Cudagie of “i ae iii: a 
received or incorporated in the years 1898-1915. London, (Given by 


, JOHANN. Pomona franconia. 3 vols. Ntirnberg, 1776-79. 
MATscuvrs, Junzo. Icones p'antarum koisikavenses. Vols. 1-3. Tokio, 
911-19. 


ts] 
A 


116 


MrvaseE, Kinco, & Kuno, ea Icones of 
keido. Fasc. 1-3. Sapporo, ae (Given by Shinichi ss 
Park international. Vols. 1, 2. Washington, 1920-2 
Quarterly journal - ores. vole 12- 14. London, 1918-20. (By ex- 
Rov: ish A learal 


change with the 
ee of the pions of lists. Vols. 1, 2. 1884-1911. (Given 
by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.) 
, HENRY RD. (oo of three hundred new species of South 


USB H 
Americon plants. New York, 192 
NT, CHARLES SPRAGUE, ed. Plantae Wilsonianae. Vols. 1-3. Cam- 
bridge, pare 
Aw, GEORGE RussELt. The genus Pinus. Cambridge, 1914. 
Smita, GILBERT Morcan. Phytoplankton of a ae lakes of Wisconsin. 


KER, E ARIA, comp. Catalogue i. “library of the Arnold 
um. . Cambridge, 1914-17. 
University of California. ered school of tropical pela aae sia mide 
experiment station. Publications Vols. 1-3. Riverside, 1913-2 (Given by 
fi : 


WIESNER, JULIUS VON. Die aan des Pflanzenretches. Ed. 3, Vel. 2. 
Edited by T. F. Hanausek & J. Moeller. Leipzig, 1918. 
WIson, Ernest Henry, & ee ALFRED. A monograph of azaleas. 


g2I. 
SCHE, FRIEDRICH Otro. Die Kryptogamen Deuischlands. Die hoheren 
Kryptogamen. Leipzig, 1875. (Given by Dr. S. M. Stocker.) 


MusEUM AND HERBARIUM 


Ispecimen of Dothichlee sp. from Virginia. (By exchange with the Bureau 
pee Industry. 
pecimen of Dothichloe abegs from British Guiana. (Byexchange 
on, he Bureau of Plant In 
I specimen of Naucoria Hon New York City. (Collected by Dr. F. J. 
Seaver. 
2 aes of Macropodia semitosta. (By exchange with Mr. Burtt 
Lee 
3 specimens 0} 
with Mr. W. R. Maxon.) 
I ae of oe ce from the Bahamas. (By exchange with Mr. L. J. 
K. Bra 
40 ante of fungi from Porto Rico. (Collected by Prof. F. L. Stevens.) 
2 specimen: . Gymnopus dryophilus from Alaska. (By exchange with Mr. 
see C. Stan 
specimens a "Boletus from Massachusetts. (By exchange with Dr. E. T. 
Haree er. 
9 specimens of fleshy fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Prof. F. 
S. Earle.) 


¢ Habalobilus eilous f he Hawaiian Islands. (By exchange 


117 


4 specimens of fungi from New Brunswick, New Jersey. (By exchange 
with Mr. G. W. Martin 

i specimen of Monodelpius illudens from Texas. (By exchange with Dr. 
j. : Estee hau 


mens of ae rusts is the West Indies. (Taken from flowering 
ae “collection by Dr. . Seaver.) 
1 specimen of etl i fi he Bahamas. (Taken from 
ebtei Lee collection b F. J. Sea 
I spec of Funalia pe from Diah. Us exchange with Prof. A. O. 
Garrett. 


3 specimens of fungi from North Carolina and South Carolina. (By ex- 
change with Dr. W. C. Coker.) 
3 specmens of fungi from the southeastern United States. (By exchange 
with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C.) 
3 specimens of fungi from Colorado. (By exchange with Prof. Ellsworth 
Bethel. 
en of Geaster ahead from the New York Botanical Garden. 
(cee by Mr. R. S. William: 
pecimen of Coriolellus pa ‘California, (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
is ) 
500 specimens of fungi, “Fungi polonici exsiccati,” fasc. 1-20. (Distributed 
by Dr. F. Petra 
150 caine of fungi, “ Mycotheca carpatica,” fasc. 1-6. (Distributed by 
Dr. F. tak.) 
i, ‘Fungi albanici et bosniaci,”” fasc. 1-6. (Distributed 


by Dr. F. Petrak.) 

25 — of fungi from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
Parks.) 

3 specimens of Gautieria from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E 


Parks.) 

97 imens of fungi from Pennsylvania. Pcenta by F. J. Seaver in 
collaboration with Cornell pineuane N.Y. Botanical Garden,Pennsylvania 
Sti olleg , and Syracuse University.) 


acuse Univ 
specimen of Hypomyces from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
Parks. 
9 specimens of boletes from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
Parks. 
3 specimens of fungi from Alabama. (By exchange with Dr. R. P. Burke.) 
I specimen of Tyromyces chioneus from New Jersey. (By exchange with 
Mr. G. W. Martin. 
33 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Prof. F. S. 
Earle.) 
9 specimens of Poria from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. 
Parks.) 
1 specimen of Abortiporus distortus trom New York. (By exchange with 
Dr. R. A. Harper.) 
1 specimen - — mius from Tully, New York. (By exchange with Mr. 
Geo. T. Hastin, 


118 


I specimen of rhizomorphic strands of Armillaria meliea from New York. 
(By exchange wit Bas Mr. Geo. Donaldso mn.) 

I spec|men o! fi Washington. State. (By ex- 
change with Mr. G. L. ‘Za ndel.) 

3s ape “of polypores from Ohio. (By exchange with Prof. Bruce 


I speciman of Prunulus galericulatus from New Yotk. (By exchange. 
th 


408 specimens of flowering ae from Central New York. (By exchange 
with Cornell Univer rsity.) 


plants from southern California. (By exchange 
with Ha rvard University.) 
90 specimens of flowering ae from Glacier National Park, Montana. 

(By exchange Mit 
19 photographs of iypen specimens of Mimulus. (By exchange with the 

U. S. Nat. Museum.) 

If specimens of orchids from the local flora range. (Given by Dr. H. M. 

Denslow.) 

5 specimens of flowering plants from Long Island. (By exchange with 

Mr. Roy Latham. 

7 specimens of figworts from Texas. (By exchange with the University 
of Texas. 

I specimen of Callirrhoé from Texas. (Given by Mr. Robert B. aia 

I specimen of Obofaria virginica from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. 

R. Penne 
15 specimens of flowering plants from Indiana. (Given by Mr. C.C. 
eam. 

2 specimens of Veronica from Oregon. (Given by Professor C. V. ee 
2 specimens of Verdnica from England. (Given by Dr. G. C. ce.) 
36 specimens of flowering plants from Alaska. (By exchange ae Mr, J. 

P. Anderson.) 

270 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr. 

IW. perael 
29 specim of Carex from Wisconsin. (Given by . B. Stout.) 
170 specimens aol mosses the Phillippine Tolanils: ae eg with 

the Bureau of Science, Mani 
25 specimens of flowering ae from Idaho and Wyoming. (Distributed 

ie Mr. ayson.) 
2 specimens of Lophiola from Nova Scotia. (By exchange with Harvard 

University.) 

Ispecimen of Frullania microphylla from Wales. (Given by Miss Annie 

Lorenz. 

16 specimens of marine algae from Chile. (By exchange with Pr ctesice 

G. B. De-Toni. 

6 specimens of marine algae from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A. B. Her- 
y-) 


119 


2 specimens = fresh-water tag from Long Island, New York. (By ex- 
change with . Roy Latha 
3 ae of hepaticae ion New England. (By exchange with Miss 
Annie Lorenz.) 
9 specimens of Carex — the herbarium of the late C. B. Clarke. (By 
exchange with the Royal Gardens, Ke nglan 
12 specimens of A ster and eis iii from Florida. (By exchange with 
Mr. Severi app. 
13 specimens of flowering plants from western Florida. (Given by Mr. A. 
H. os n Cle 
colored lantern slides of roses and wild plants. (Distributed by the J. 
ieee Me rland Campany. 
122 specimens of flowering plants from Mexico. (Collected by Mr. C. A. 
‘pus. 


6 . ca + 1 re he | 


E l flora range. (Given by Dr. 
Arthur Hollick 
Pp 


) 
ecimen of Erythronium from Arkansas. (Given by Prof. C. E. Nis- 


bett.) 
2 specimens of Russelia from Mexico. (By exchange with the U. S. Nat. 
Museum.) 
40 specimens of cacti. (By exchange with the U. . Museum.) 
specimens of Mane American shrubs and aa pee corel with 
the Arnold Arbor .) 
I specimen of pie complanata from Mississippi. (Given by Prof. L. 
E. Mi 
2 specimens, one moss and one fungus, from Madeira. (Given by Prof. 
T. D. A. Cockerell.) 
5 specimens of hepaticae from California. (Given by Miss Caroline C. 
Haynes. 
5 specimens of algae from Texas. (Given by Dr. J. J. Taubenhaus.) 
27 ane dines of North American plants. (By exchange with the U. S. 
‘Nat. 
12 phtoraph of species of Mesembryanthemum. (Given by Mr. N. E. 
Brow 
1 specimen of Polygonum Watsoni from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. 
James C. Nelson.) 
1 specimen of Zorn hickory nuts. (Given by Mr. Willard G. Bixby.) 
specimens of flowering plants from Mt. Chachain, Peru. (By se 


specimens of aedges: (By exchange with the Royal Gardens, Kew, 
England.) 

15 specimens of flowering plants from Colombia. (By exchange with the 
U. S. Nat. Museum. 

857 specimens of flowering plants from the Philippine Islands. (By ex- 

change with the Bureau of Science, Manila.) 
specimen of Ochroma cinonensts from Panama. (Given by Prof. W. W. 
Rowlee.) 

27 lantern slides of plants and vegetation of Trinidad. 


. 


120 


9 lantern slides of views in The New York Botanical Garden 
26 specimens 2 ferns and flowering plants from Central ‘America. (By 
exchange with . W. Rowlee. 
1 lantern slide. G iven “ the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.) 
4 lantern slides. (Given b rs. N. L. Britton.) 
3 photographs of type se of Eupatorium, (By exchange with 
Harvard University.) 
18 specimens of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National 
Museum.) 
65 specimens of orchids from Borneo. (By exchange with Mr. Oakes 
Ames. 
5 specimens of Quercus and Talinum. (By exchange with Rev. Bede 
Knapke. 
specimens of flowering plants from Trinidad. (By exchange with Har- 
vard nee ity.) 
6 lantern slides of trees. (Purchased by the Garden.) 
I naire - Corrigiola littoralis from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. 
seed C. Wilso: 
colored abies slides. (Purchased 2 the Garden.) 
> specimens of Mimulus from western North America. (By exchange 
with the Missouri Botanical Garden.) 
110specimens of miscellaneous flowering plants. (By exchange with the 
Royal Gardens, Kew, Englan 
14 specimens of flowering plants from Missouri. (By exchange with Mr. 
B. F. Bush.) 
7 specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Ohio. (By exchange 
with Mr. Lewis S. Hopkins.) 
24 ae area slides of plants of Mt. Ranier, Washington. (Given by 
Mrs. N. L. n.) 
3638 specimens “ot flowering plants from Venezuela. (Collected by Mr. 
ce Pittier. 
specimen of erate set pala (Given by ny. C. Nelson.) 
ong Island, New York. poe by Mr. W. 


C. Ferguson.) 
I specimen of Monarda mollis from New York. (Given by Mr. Fred 
Dobbin.) 

2 speciinens of Kregia from Vermont. (Given by Miss Elsie M. Kitt- 
redge. 
93 a of flowering plants from Montana and Idaho. (Given by 
Prof. J. F. Kei 

8 specimens a ‘flowering plants from Oregon. (Given by Mr. James C. 
Nelson.) 

2 specimens of Salix from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W. C. 
Ferguson.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
Fritz Achelis, 

Edward D. Adams, 
Charles B. Alexander, 


Murry Guggenheim, 
J. Horace Harding, 

J. Montgomery Hare, 
oe S. Harkness, 


Vincent Astor, R. A. Harper, 
John W. Auchincloss, , Mae Haskell, 
George F. Baker, Havemeyer, 
Stephen Baker, scher, 


Henry de Forest Baldwin, ee Hoffmann, 
Edmund L. Baylies, er M. Pecan, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, i 
Eug icknell, 


ene P. B r. Walter B. James, 
Cc. K G. Billings, alter B. Jennings, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, 


George S. Brewster, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, 


Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Darwin P. Kingsley, 
Edw. V. Z. Lane, 

Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
Adolph Lewisohn, 
Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 


Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, 
C. A. Coffi dgar L. Marston, 
Samuel . J. Mathes 


muel P. Colt, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, 

Paul D. Cravath, 
ne Deering, r. Wa’ 
r. H. M. Denslow, Tohn 1M 
oa H. Dodge, 


Samuel W. Fairchild, 
William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, 
James B. Ford, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, 


Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, 
ca W. de Forest, C. D. Norton, 

rof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. Olcott, 
ua feiserihetin: 


Members of the Women’s 


Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
itton, Mrs. A. A 5 

Nice: Charles MacVeagh, 
Mrs. V. Everi 
A.Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Prot. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 

F. R. Pierson, 

James R. Pitcher, 


Q 
=a 
® 
af 
o 

o 

[=] 


Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edwin A. Richard, 

Prof. H. . Richards, 
Joh ckefeller, 
William Rockefeller 

. Emlen Roosevelt 

Prof. H. H.R 
Dr. Reginald i. aa 


Valentine P. Snyder, 
James Speyer, 
Frederick Strauss, 

F. K. Sturgis, 

B. B. Thayer, 
Charles G. Thompson, 
vy Boyce Thompson, 


r. W. Gilma n Thompso son 


Louis C. Tiffany, 
Felix M. Warburg, 


ronson Winthrop, 
Grenville L. Winthiray: 


Auxiliary 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 


Mis Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Levies P. Ceies 


. F, K. Sturgis, 
Mrs, F. F. Thompson 


PUBLICATIONS OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, containing 
notes, news, and non-technical Brie ei general interest. Free to aJl members 
of the Garden. To others, , 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not offered in ex- 
change.] Now in its twenty-secon volar ie. 

Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, 
including Wiehe cotta aii technical articles and news and notes of Hee 
interest, and an index to current Aneta n mycological literature. $4.00 
single ssopies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its thirteenth 
volumi 

cisone, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompany by 
popular descriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty-two 
in each volume. Sere aap price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] 
Now in its sixth volum 

Bulletin of the New Tork Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports o 
the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- 
bodying results of ee aes out in i e Garden. Free to all mem- 
bers of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its tenth " volts 

h American Flora. Ae ions ie the wild plants of North America, 
including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be 
ae ah in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. page volume to consist of four or more 

arts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part eis number of separate parts 
vill be sold for i oo each. [Not offered i in exchang 

Vol. 3, ot 1, He lew riaceae— ae meta viabedes 

Vol. 7, part I, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912; parts 4 and 5, 1920; part 6, 
1921. (ineethecue mec eee teen (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold 
ere ely. 

9 (aw complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae 
eck » (Parts 1-3 no longer sold eras ely.) 

Vol. 10, part I, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Aga ira Ales 
Vol. 15, parts I and 2, 1913. hagnac cept Batol 


ce a 
2, parts I and 2, » Bodh parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. 
Pododenneeie eae 


Ts). 
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, ait part 3, 1911. ‘Geraniaceae—-Bireenaee 


Vol. 32, part 1, 1918. Rubiaceae (pars). 
Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae. 
Memoirs of the New York Botanical pecan Price to members of the Garden, 
$1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not caer in exchange. 
ol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana ‘and the Yellow- 
ei Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 a with detailed map. 
ol. II. 


foe York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 


Vol. I Effects of the Rays of Radium on Few. by Charles Stuart Gager. 
mi co 78 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 19: 

V. Flora of the Vicinity of New York: 46 Co popular to Plant Geog- 
ie by Norman Taylor. vi 3 Pp., with 9 plates. 

Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the Tw venretly Anniversary 
of oes New Pees otanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 
text 

Cont ates from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of techni 
pa written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journal 

than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth 


ate 
NEW YORE gikedhiee GARDEN 
‘onx Park, New York City 


Vol. XXII July, 1921 No. 259 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


R. S. WILLIAMS 
Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 
Seminole Bread—The Conti 11 

The New Horticultural Gardens Entrance and Fencing on the Southern 
Boulevard 138 
The 1921 Dahlia Border 139 
Autumn Lectures 140 
Notes, News and Comment F 141 
Accessions 142 

& Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 8 West Kinc Strget, LANCASTER, Pa. 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PresipeEnT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
HENRY W. DeEFOREST 
VICE-PRESIDENTS | FREDERIC . LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. M 
ASSISTANT a ne me fo LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 


HENRY ve a eee BALDWIN ee Y GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE ' THOMPSON 

Term expires January, 1923 
EDWARD ae see JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. REST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL CUCGEN HEIM F. K. STURGIS 

Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. de reed Shee R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE pane OF THE City oF NEw YorE 
ON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE ues OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
eae R. A. AR Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICK ROF. FREDERIC S. ee 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 


DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN ee eh Head Curator of the Musewms (Flowering Plants) 


NCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator 
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and aes fils Pinnlatces 
OUT, Director of the Lab 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
RAH H. HARLOW, re rarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections 
BE G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 


R. ARTHU LLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants 
ILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemi 
IOS 3) Se Mus todian 


ARTHUR 1; CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings ast ‘ong 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supernisor of Gardening Instruction 


“SUOIJB1OIapP [e410 ul pasn pue ‘pasedaid ‘paiayze8 are saaval ayL “purl 
ay? Jo Bulzeaps ayy Aq pajeurutsazxa ‘srayjo tt pue ‘Suryseaiey ssapyoea Aq paonpar yonur uaeq sey yIA013 JUepuNqe [euIsi0 
ayy seoed Auew ur 49s !quarnosa siqz YUM pazejndod d J ‘23}e[d ur uMmoys st se peso sy} YW 


payiojo Ajquepunqe se Aj1aULIO} alam puejauid Ay903 ayy jo sane AUR -aqe]d jo apis 34811 943 Jeau auoo (sa]yeurs) o7yeulUEys 
YY au ‘a[pprur ayy JNoqe sauos (aZre]) aJEINAo YUM JURg ‘shay aepe[Z1aaq ayy uo spoom autd ut o1yofessajus viUvZ 


gSz ALV1g NAGUV IVIINVLOG WAOA MIN AHL 40 TwNunof 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII July, 1921 No. 259 


SEMINOLE BREAD — THE CONTI 
A History oF THE GENUS ZAMIA IN FLORIDA 
WITH PLATES 258 AND 259 
| the annals of meee ih is one ee oe plant 
oned oftener than all t This is the Conti of the 
enti the ‘Florida ui the wiite man. a oe nti, 
in the Muskogee, of . the eine Seminole speech of 
Florida is a varient, signifles ‘flour-roo Sometimes the ad- 
jective hateka or hatkee vac is ee to differentiate it from 
other starch-producing plants; but Conti is applied only to mem- 
bers of the genus Zamia. 
Like many aboriginal or Indian names, the one in question 


omtie, Koonti or Koontee. e others ut in some 
such eee the word dots the chronicles of Florida as aaa 
to “corn” run through the history of the world at lar: And 


now this beautiful cycad that fae a staple supply ea starch 
to Florida’s aborigines, then to her ae and later to the 
white population, is in danger of exter 


nd generally: 
these are but a few of them, that, if continued as at present, will 
soon relegate the once wide: -spread zamia to a dwindling career 
in ionehaien and gardens 
In this connection it is pecotded that “from the tubers of this 
plant oe Florida arrow-root is made. It is abundant in the 


121 


122 


southern part of the State. The rua are large, frequently a 
foot long and three inches in diameter, rough and dark on the 
w. 


are 
ferior ito that prepared by Americans with impr oved machi- 


“Tn Florida ee Cycad [Zamia elas : veeey culti- 
for the sake of the starch contained in ee 
d 


ets. r 

in this industry upon the shores o: ay Bicayne and upon 

mi River eee Below where it flows out from the Florida 
ae 


“On the Ww grou a of Southern Florida grows a beautiful 
plant of te Cyeadacea, oe integrifolia me ., the ‘Coon- 
tie’ of the Indians, i h on. tains in the caudex and roots 

led J 


his ae ae the ane with food ae 
their ae nae with the United States and is now more o 
less cultivated.’ 

How early the cycads of Florida were referred to in the writ- 
ings and records of the pioneer travelers we do not know, but 
the technical botanical history begins with the printing of the 
_ ean of one of the species in 1789. 

t origin, and the circumstances connected with the 


h entury ago. 
ie ‘original collectors are not matoned u in connecdion with tne 
with th 

until quite . there seemed to be. no record extant from 
which we might learn their identity. 

For os past score of years two well- a species of the 
genus Zamia have been kndwn from oe 

It is recorded that “reseaches have shown ‘that there are at 
least two species of Zamia in Florida, hee only one has hereto- 
fore ony Sa as as occurring. These are Zamia floridana 
DC. and Z. pum It was found that neither of the forms 


1 apa Palmer, Bincrican aieleue 12: 60 ae 1878. 
r's Chronicle. N.S, 26: 146. 1886. 
4 Valery Havard, Bulletin. of te Tor rrey Seam Club 107. 1895. 


123 


studied could be Scans to Z. integrifolia ae as has been done 


heretofore, this bei very distinct West Indian species.’’! 
A note iiceta . ihe paper in which he oe regoing quotation 
occurs, follow: “The Cycads of Florida have recently been 
un t lude with certainty two ede Zamia 


4a 


Florida,” for that of the other merely “Flor ida, 
Geography and imagination have played important and in- 


T 
localities "loi - on “East Florida”’ were the inciting factors 
that led to the solution of the problem 
In the a place, Florida represents satis territory, and 
fou 


lan 
stems by the Indians, a ne upply o: ight have bee 


or of merely the eastern coast of Florida. In this latter case a 
coast line of some five hundred and fifty miles would have to be 
1 Herbert John Webber, Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture 1: 


81. Igo0t. 
* George Reber Wieland, American Journal of Science. Ser. IV. 13: 332. 
90. 


124 


conside red. Thus, a very simple geographic statement may 


the De Candolle herbarium at Geneva. 

Curiously enough, the tracings of the two specimens indicate 
the same species — not however, that of the more northern and 
early accessible eastern coastal region, but that of the interior 

n an 


already m 
ned on a mitoses ng page, both a the specific characters 
hern 


flat-woods—pine-woods—east coast of Florida, below New 


ounty. 

It is of particular interest that the two perfectly distinct habi- 
tats for Zamia were nara by Bartram and Baldwin Lean 
ively, about the beginning of the nineteenth century. The tw 

species, however, were referred to under the botanical name 
Zamia pumila—a species aa Hispaniola, and perhaps 
also some of the other West Indie: 

William Bartram’, writing of experiences and objects in the 


1 Herbert John Webber, Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 1: 
81. 1901. 


William Bartram was born 9 February 1739, at the botanic garden of 
his father, John Bartram, at Kingsessing, near (now in) Philadelphia. He 


ad the advantage of a better oe than his father, and was an artist 
of considerable ability. He w clerk in Philadelphia for a few years, and 
then a merchant in Carolina ae botany than bus- 
iness, In 1765 he joined his father i in ee ie splat: and when his 
father returned home in ae St. Jo nae ’s; but 
the next year he r ned to Kingsessing. Fro — 1778 he was en- 
gaged in botanical fe in the Carolinas, Georgia, pa Florida, of whi ch 


125 


Lake George region of Florida, records!: “The Zamia pumila, 


1t which a 
green fern-like pinnated lea "The italics in the 
eae forests"’ are ours. Ce in the case of ‘“‘ham- 
ion. 


William Baldwin? writing of aia and objects along 

the lagoons south of the mouth of the Saint Johns River, re- 

cords: ‘Next morn ing, etarehe the In : t at the southern point 

of Penon Island, we ascended upper Mat: iver,—which run- 
12 


ntia 

sign it its place in the: sexual system; Dioecia, Polyandria: natural 
order, Palmae. ve no books with me to refer to; but it is 
probably a new gems-~aporeaching very sane in habit to 


bli in book form in 1 TE 


1791. 
o asa study at the garden at Kingsessing, i in the homes of the | owt ers 
arden: ohn, later Colonel —and it was there 
that he died, 22 July 1823.—John Hendley Barohair. 
1Tr, ae me North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West 
Florida 
sui neue I in Newli hip, Chester oe Pennsyl- 
vania, 29 March oS After aad med! ici ine for several years, and 
taking a partial course in this subject at the ao o Pe reyvania, = 
erchant Philadelphia in 


Antwerp, for China, Returning the allowing year, he ee He 
807. He pra 


ay, an 
tember 1819. any of his le ters: were edits in 1843, by his friend 
Darlington, under the title ‘' Reliqu cia nianae.""— J. H. B. 

3 Reliquiae Baldwinianae 225, 2 ee 


126 


the real Sago family (Cycas). At supper, I had the pleasure to 
eat the bread ae red from the large t Sey root of this plant. 
In the late times o and others, were 


ie) 
M< 
3 
> 
5 


nt. 
pumila. See subsequent letter, of May 27. h aah let- 
ter was written on May 15, 1817, from Tomoko, which is the 
old name for the site of the modern Daytona. 

Later, on May 27, 1817, in writing from Saint Marys, . 
records: ‘‘I now find that my Coontia, or “Wild Sago,” is 
ee more or less than Zamia pu me tla. 


matter 1 tum 
raphs written by Alexander Garden! from Charleston, South 
arolina, to Linnaeus in Sweden, and to John Ellis? in London, 


Alexander Garden was born 20 January 1730, at or near Edinburgh, 
rr 


Scotland at erdeen and inburgh, where he took his 
medical degree, he settled in South Carolina in 1752, an on afterwar 
ade his h Charleston, where he practiced medicine and studied the 
flo nd fauna of the colony for nearly thirty years. g a northern 
journey in 175 ‘ame personally acquainted with Bartram and Cold 


Vi 

botanists. Ellis named in his hon _ _ ge _ calcem ia, known ike It lovers 
of flowers. When the Revoluti i American 
troops, and was never forgiven, for the father was an ardent Bee In 
1783, with his wife and daughters, he left South Carolina, and spent his re- 
maining years in London, where he died 15 April 1791.—- J. H. 8. 

2 John Ellis was born in Ireland, probably in Dublin, about 1710. He 

nd am. 


became a merchant in London, and ssed a considerable fortune. I 
1751 e interested in the study of marine algae other forms of 
aquatic life, especially what were then called ‘‘corallines,’’ which soon 
r d were ome o animals and others plants. Later he studied 
i e was appointed King’s agent for West Florida 
; Dominica , and importe: ngland many scientific 
specimens oe various sorts, especially seeds of useful plants ae his 


$ 
South Carolina. He died at London, 18 October 1776. 


127 


England: ‘The doctor [Andrew eee carries home some 
packages a East Florida plants, which you will see. I shall be 
very glad 


ie 
cone, somewhat resembling the Magnoliain appearance. I shall 
be glad to know what you call these two.’"? (Written February 


The s specimens are said to have reached Princess of Wales 
n at Kew, England, in 1768. There they came t 


e 
a Magnolia. At coe the capsules burst i two parts, 
ove the larg which turn pee as they ripen, 


as Bartram: bie born 23 March 1699, at Marple, near Darby, Penn- 


in botany, and was then for the most part, and of necessity, as he knewno 

one else ea in the pease self-taught. He traveled widely, from 

New York to Florida, ane corresponde with various eminent naturalist 

abroad, especiall Lon who was, like himself, a 

of the Society of Friends. About 1729 rtram established at Seana 
u P 


American seeds and plants, sent by B m, poured into the gardens of 
Europe. In 1765 he was appointed ae 's Botanist, ond ne modest nes 
Ltad hi aes 


tend his scientific travels. Tn that year, and ‘the next, accompanied by 
his son, he explored the St. John’s River, Florida, and several of its tributa- 
ries. He died at Kingsessing, 22 September 1777.—J. H. B. 
2 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: §52. 
3 William Aiton was born in 1731, at Hamilton, Lanarks ae coats 
t 


and it is fro: ardel 
stitutio a daie In 1789, he published his ‘‘ Hortus kewensis,’’ ard remained 
sipeaniewicn: at Kew until his death 2 February 1793.—J. H. B 


128 


and attract notice from a considerable Sekai The height 
an ly m € 


ing e is 0 
that has been ee nee will be better in your ands. 


and seeds.’ (Written ne 20 
Several years later Alexander Garden i in writing to John Ellis 
again referred to the Bartram ru as follows: ‘‘I have taken 
the liberty of enclosing ayes for Linnaeus under this cover, 
r 


ou, a iven 
care. You will greatly ae e me if you will desire him to send 


page Alexander Gar rote: 
. always glad to ployed in your service, of which 
trust a are is time well assured. That I might give a 


e 
as soon as the season of the year would per: nit ade ‘om these 
cae I have made out the following paraedlens and charac- 


You uaa in your letter, ae 7 pollen of this plant is 
u G 5 
satisfied me Boas this is Py no means the case. I was much 


afraid of c itting a take, and leading others into error 
and therefore cubic ie Bois to repeated investigation, 
he renc 


ge, to 
construction of the female spadix, and of the pe ricarp, i is very 


1 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: 336-337. 1821. 
? Correspondence of Linnaeus ard Other Naturalists 1: 598-599. 1821. 


oe ake 5 
“ury ON Aq saryuindut 13430 pue pooas 


3 r au wus Méiy 


youeys og ]njraneaq & I ei aonpoid AayL ‘sureqqo 3ury, q pue uno} ut c ‘aii jou are 
sua}s poyoueiq Yseay 3e tsorgads sq} Uy “apIa 300} auO JOAO st ayeyd ut qeis 
WL “spuejeuid ay3 jo 100g pequiooAau0y ayy ur saqqiAeo paqy- pus ‘ayy wody pyofesBazter DiMmiDZ Jo suas punoiZJepuy) 


6Sz HLVIg NGGUV‘) TVOINVLOG HXOA MAN 3H] 40 Tynunof 


129 


singular. The peltate heads of the proper perianths are ex- 


ternally so closely united, that they can hardly be pulled asunder 
without tearing s therefore scarcely to be understoo ce) 
the pollen of the anthers can insinuate itself so as to fertilize the 
germens rt rianths never begin to separate before th 
germens becom elled, exhibiting manifest signs of impregna- 
tion being already accomplishe The vacant internal space 
deed, between the partial stalks of the perianths, affords the 


wi $ 

germens and styles full liberty to grow; but the very close union 

of the shields prevents any access of external bodies, or even of 
ur 


e vapour. 
“Being anxious to know more of this plant and its history, I 


e€ 
origin was doubtless in the watershed of the lower Sa Johns 
i i ke Geo: 


ation. 
Now, to pass to the second described Florida zamia. The dis- 
covery of documentary evidence concerning the origin and dis- 


1 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: 338-340. 1821. 


130 


coverer of Zamia floridana seemed even more hopeless than it 


did in the case of Z pas ever, we not wanting 
for circumstantial ev In publishing Zamia floridana, 
Alphonse de aoe ae te UE Florida sub nom. eviden- 
ter erroneo Z. i rifolia a cl. A. Gray, a. 1839.’" Now asA 


Gray? had ane oe Europe . the fall of 1838, he had, evi- 

dently, taken specimens of this zamia with him and given them 
sti Candolle owever, ou i 

1 Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle, son of Augustin Pyramus 


de Candolle, was born at Paris, France, 27 October 1806; the family removed 
to Montpellier two years later. In 1814, however, he was sent to school at 
Geneva, Switzerland d hi 1 Je their t I I 


He studied law, receiving his degree in 1829, but he had previously done 

much woes in n botany, and ther ated devoted himself entirely to that science. 

“Prodromus” begun by his father, and was 

the author of many important monographs, and of beg ks on geographic 

botany, 1 He 

died at "Geneva, 4 April 1893, after more than sixty years of scientific acti- 
H. B. 


J. 
? Asa Gray was born 18 November 1810, at Sauquoit, in Paris township, 


eida County, vhile a student of medicine at the medical college 
at Fairfield, Herkimer Coun became interested otany, and al- 
hough he took his degree in 1831, he never practiced medicine. During 
the next fe he taught and lectured on mineral and botany at 
Albany, Clinton, Fairfield, and ica, and in ork City, where he first 
went as st Torrey, ecame associated with him in the 
publication of their ‘Flora of North America.” In 1842, he became a pro- 

sor at Harvard, and it was —_ a ne accomplished, during his forty-six 
years of service, the i him undisput- 


ed recognition as the foremost American botanist. He died at Cambridge, 
Massachusetts, 30 January 1888.—J. H. B. 
3 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was born 4 February 1778, in Geneva, 
He was educ i 


Switzerland s educated in his native city, and began the study of 
law t , bu e he was twenty s old he went to Paris to pursue 
natural history studi g under the influ of k, Desfon. 
tain d other botanists, he decided to aa himself exclusively to the 
udy of plants. After abo ut ten years a tudy i in Paris, during which na 

h i it ich soon made 


famous, he became in 1807 professor at the university 7 Montpellier and 
soon afterward a of the b In 


Geneva as professor in the university, ‘and there rem ined until his coe ; 
Sept 1841 e is best known to botanists, perhaps, by the ‘‘Pro- 
dromus”’ started by him in 1824, and completed by his son in 1873, is 
gre rk r Le a compilation, while de Candolle published many 


important monographs and several monumental volumes devoted to the re- 
sults of his bea investigations.— J. H. B 


131 


mystery. Now, in the aeenowledements of assistance in the 


preface to Torrey and Gra ay ’s “Flora” we find recor “From 

Middle Flor ida ; while from Southern and Eastern 

Florid: interesting Paar from Dr. Leav 
orth, 2 Dr. ee De Hulse, and Lieut. Alden? of the United 


Sta tes Army.” All eae considered pe facts and 
stances comes to heee 


ep 
A scanning of ike unpublished letters from these men to John 
Torrey’ brought out the following, which is contained in some 


1 Melines Conklin Leavenworth was born 15 January 1796, at — 


to November, 1838, at Fort get eee in north central peninsular Florida; 


Fort Gratiot, Michigan, but he resigned from the army in 1840 
fob is 0 old home at Water bury, ees ai “ia 1862, although 66 bras old, 


t d served 
with them in Louisiana until deat hy clai med him. During ail his pieci he 
levoted his ade time to the Glee ea of ae ne he sent to Short, 
Torrey, and o He died near New Orleans, Louisiana, 16 November 
1862.—., 
7 Bradford. Ripley Alden was born 6 May 1811, at sega Pennsyl- 
ania, e graduated at West Point in 1831, and served in Florida as a 


53. e 

years of his life, and died at Newport, Rhode Island, 10 See 1870,— 
.H.B. 
3 John Torrey was born in New York City, 15 August ahs As 

he became interested in botany and chemistry. When he w. 


ity. Upon aetian his degree, in 1818, he entered upon the practice of 
medicine in New York City; from 1824 to 1827, he was pers of chemistry 


132 


letters from G. W. Hulse. Writing from Fort Brooke (new 
Ta 


send you, but I ys dislike making e 
that I send are from the plant that is indigenous in Florida and 
called th ow Root rhaps they will vegetate with you an 
giv opportunity of sa the plant itse It n 
dantly near Cape Florida, the mouth of the Withlacoochee and 
awanee Rivers. Q extensive establishments were fitte 
up att ape before the war for the purpose of manufacturing 
the‘ root into starch (or rather flour) which is said to ! 
imple process, merely grinding or grating the roots, then wash- 
g. The article whe is 


I have seen some roots that wo 

I send you Fite a sample of Seminole Flour which was alta 
from the stores of the enemy at the Big Cypress near Tohop 
and erie at West Point; from 1827 to 1873, professor of chemistry at 


the College of Physician ns and Sur, urgeons (now the Me pee Department of 
Colu mbia U 7: rofes: mis- 


from 1857 to as United States Assayer at the New York office. In’ spite 


a 
numer 100 and Papers, and ae a world-wide reputa’ 
science. He orrey Botanical oT which was 
named in his honor. He died i in New City, 10 March 1 


pri 36, in Ark. s du t 
year, returning to Fort Brooke, Florida, In 1837 he went again to Fort 
Gibson, Arkansas, return nin g to Fort pak: in January, 1838. He was at 
Tallahassee in March, an iddle of the year 1838 had settled as 
a ical practitioner at Rodney, Mississippi he was a planter in 
about 18 


the Civil War he was a surgeon in the Confederate Army, and at its close., 
h 4 bh Ie ries 


Mrs. Moffatt, at Rockford, Lllinois, and later with her daughter. Mrs. Knap 
at Auburn, New York, where he died 13 November 1883.—-J. H. B, 


133 


Ka-Lija eae He the 28th of January. It is made, I believe, 
from a plant which is a species of Briar very avande nt in the 
4 : the ri 


whilst the arrow root ey is also much used by them is called 
Conti Hateka or White R 
A letter written early i in the folowing year from Tallahassee, 


“a 


when I was at New Orleans on my return from Fort Gibson to 


e E. 
“Tt affords me real satisfaction to say to you, I have ae 
to your request been able to collect a forward you some spec 
ns of the plant Zamia integrifoli 
“They were sent by the Brig Win, “pean which sailed from St. 
Marks for New York on the oth inst. In the collection I have 


“T regret that I have not been able to ee you with some 
more of the ripe fruit or seeds. The few that A nt you with the 
other (last) parcel are all that I have seen. ae uit is an ob- 
long shape and when ripe nearly the size of a ee of gourd seed 
corn.” 


Under date of July 7, 1838, Dr. Hulse wrote from Rodney, 
Mississippi, as follows: 
“My last letter to you ar oe err a ) to ie : 


have received no er. It w ated abou middle 
March, a little previous to which ane I sent ae ce a ee 
(Brig W Pe Marks to N. Y. a qu ntity of the 


re : 

Referring to the ‘‘Perrine Grant” a reservation in southern 
ate seals for growing useful plants from the tropics, he 
continues: 

“ fs _ pi nion however, that the Zamia integrifolia will be 
found a no less important plant than many of those proposed to be 
introduced.”” This statement is partic larly interesting since 


134 


the pinelands of the ‘Perrine Grant” naturally abounded in 
zamia, and the supply has been generously drawn on for several 
es ons. 

There is scarcely any doubt that some of the material of zam 
referred to in the preceding letters of Dr. Hulse reached New 


tion. As just stated, the pineland plant represents Z. floridana. 
leaves Riana ii two species of zamia, and the record ‘‘ Flor: 
Hulse Th 


h m 
the plants when they were sent to Dr. Torrey, or whether they 
roots”’ grown under glass at New York we shall 
never know. One leaf has narrow, few-veined leaflets, the other 
has them broader and many-veined. 

What past Dr. Burrows played i in this aes sein mee a age 
know, ast f his 1 
Torrey correspondence at the Garden and he is not reterred to in 
the Hulse letters. Of course, it is possible that the two leaves 


as well as on the eastern. While Cee in the wilderness 
east of the beet ok er he ee that he “had an oppor- 


tunity this day of collecting a variety of specimens and seeds of 
vegetables, . ee rly Sopho ora, Cistus, 

Zamia, . . “1” The writer found zamia in this region several 
years ago. 


2 William Bartram, Travels ee North and South Carolina, Georgia 
East and West Florida. 246. 1792 


135 


aie has se — an elusive plant in Florida. For many 
years only tw ral localities ai associated in literature 
fe ie LS aber of the two generally recognized 
species, whereas the plants are re scattered over the penin- 
sula. 


he two species just referred to are quite distinct. The one 
with broad and many-veined leaflets, occurs most abundantly 


x River re 
Candle in 1868. Pe most interesting fact in connection 
with istribution of this species is that its greatest 
ablindadce ic is at the very opposite extremity of the peninsula 
t : 


was observed long ago, for on some of the early maps the region 
which we now mare w as the Everglade Keys bore the significant 
legend ieee or Hunting Grounds!” 

The wri oie been gathering evidence concerning the geo- 
graphic distribue ion of Zamia in Florida for several years. 


136 


The us in Hand: smudica tes major aia re- 

gions: I. Ait., discovered by John Bartram, 

—the ae as noted above locally throughout the nes 
d her: 


=< 


—the seteperate hammocks of the upper eastern coastal reson 
i i shed and t 


I 
hee and the writer,—the tropical end semitropical ham- 
ocks of the lower ee coastal region.2, IV. For an under- 
eines species of Zami a—the t tropical nen prairie ham- 
mocks. of the Cape Sable 
umored more northern localities for Zamia integrifolia and 
has 


and the latter north of Saint eens ais Florida 
Thus, one after another some of the mysteries 

The one, however, connected with the nate distribution of 

these Plants over bus oe ate is ae Whe Oe after t they 

were g subsequent i of their 


ancestors (oni the West Indies, they nen increased in range or 
eter yaaa —_. the agency of the aborigines, as 
cie 


Iti 
or erough re abuse a He upply by the aborigines, we shall 
never aoe However, at ae it is clear that the plants are 
shinda nt at ce sites Ai the former places of settlement 
or activity of the aborigine: 

mia umbro: Plant with arching, dark-green leaves: leaflets 
typically numerous, ae ae narrowly s; a. at least broadened up- 
td, 20-30-veined, finely several-toothed at the ture, ovulate 

i indri dm. 


: ks 
peninsular Florida——Type specimen from Hammock, between Volusia and 
Ocean City, Florida, J. K. Small & J. B. DeWinkeler, May 4, 1821 

2 Journal of the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18: 102. 1917. 


137 


Zamias are ul aan as vehi as esculent plants. In Florida 


oie sha in or as hed: When the ela ne 
Ke 


cola and in Perry in northern Florida, ise in towns 
down through the peninsula amia umbrosa is in cultivation 
west of its natural range in Gainesville and i rth- 


ardens o' 
little, remote, but old, settlement of Mayport at the mouth of 
River, 


Numerous inquiries in Saint Augustine and in Jacksonville 
brought out the fact that the cultivated plants were brough 
originally from ie Halifax River region, but long before the 


tl 
Florida, over thirty-five years ago thrived and was sent to the 
to the New York Botanical capil i the past few years 
but neuer was frozen en 

natural ci Buen - ee are scattered broadcast 


axis, for it may be sliced into numerous wafers, each of which 
will promptly develop into a new individual if planted. a seems 
strange that in spite of th nascent buds, the caudex 
of our zamias is either — or very sparingly ae both 
in the wild and in cultivation 


Joun K. SMA. 


138 
THE NEW HORTICULTURAL GARDENS ENTRANCE 
AND FENCING ON THE SOUTHERN BOULEVARD. 
WITH PLATE 260 


The fencing of the southern part of the garden reservation, 


, and eing continued. The fence is of the same design 
as that built in previous years g the property lineof Fordham 
University on the southern side of the n and along the 


Over t 
yond toward Pelham Avenue the fence will rest for the most part 
ona Hecuial oes aaa 
Th 


e Horticultural Gardens Entrance 
and about three hundred i of the fence were built by the ex- 


propriated by the Board of Managers for this purpose. 
bronze tablet, affixed to one of the piers bears the following in in- 
scription 
This Entrance and 
fence were ” 
1920-1 


through a ee of 
Mary J. Kingsland 
New York Botanical Garden 


JournaL oF THE New York BoranicaL GARDEN PLATE 260 


The New Horticul i den Entrance and Fencing on the Southern Boulevard 


139 


The tablet was unveiled during the Satie inspection of 
Grounds, Buildings and Collections on May 6th, 1921, by Mrs. 


Memorial Fund, and the work in progress is being financed from 
this income. 


THE 1921 DAHLIA BORDER 


The 1921 dahlia border is at the date of writing (July 15) well 
established and, after the incipient drought of the first three 


Mr. J. J. 

fornia; Mr. F. P. Gulnby. — Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. Charles H. 
Stout, i Hills, N. J.; Mr. W. J. Matheson, Huntington, N. 
Y.; Mills & Co., ee . Y.; Miss Emily Slocombe: 
New Haven, Conn.; Mr. Alfred E. Dow: Te Haven, Conn.; 
Mr. C. Louis ‘Alling. West Haven, Conn.; Mr. Alt F. aes 
Netcong, N. J.; Mr. Emmett Dove, Rockville, Md.; Mrs. A. 

Story, Brockton Mass.; Capt. J. R. Howell, Bayshore, N. 
Mrs. $. T. Cushing, Islip, N . Y.; Mr. R. Vincent, Jr. & Sons, 
W hie Mewk, Md.; Dahliadel Nurseries, Vineland, N.J.;and Th 
Dahlia Farm, East Moriches, N. Y. The dahlia saree this 
vear annie 502 varieties, represented by 824 plants. It is 
believed that the addition of numerous tested sine from 
such well-known originators as Broomall, Marean, Slocombe, 

and Stout, together with other promising new oe that figve 


the interest of the New York public in the Garden‘s dahlia bor- 


140 


der and will also do much to assist the public to keep in touch 
with the most recent perfections in the development of this pop- 
ular flower. 

Marsuatt A. Howe 


AUTUMN LECTURES 


Illustrated lectures free to the public will be delivered in the 
lecture hall of the museum oe on Saturday and Sunday 
peas at four sais dur g September and October as 


Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, of Washington; Prof. T. Gilbert Pearson, 
President of the Audubon Society; Dr. H. M. Denslow; and 
ston. 


Range 2 on Sunday afternoons at a quarter past three o 


plants and cut flowers 
REGULAR COURSE 


Sept. 3. ow to Grow Rhododendrons. Mr. John Dunbar 
Sept. 4. oo of Plants. Dr. W. A. Murrill 
(With Museum Demonstration) 

Sept. 10. How to Grow bs Flowers. Dr. E. T. Wherry 
Sept. 11. English Garden: Miss ie Loines 
Sept. 17. Some eee Plants of Our Local Flora. 

Dr. F. W. Pennell 
Sept. 18. The Fight for American Bird — 


. G. Pearson 
Sept. 24. Dahlias and Their Culture. eo M. A. Howe 
onc innete of a ee a re 5) 
Sept. 25. r Am n Garden: B. Johnston 
Oct. I. ae Uses of seit ys r. a A. Murrill 
(With Museum-Demonstration) 


Oct. 2. A Popular Talk on Mushrooms. Dr. W. A. Murrill 
Oct. 8. Loco Weeds. Dr. Arthur Hollick 


141 


Oct. 9. Health and Disease in Plants. Dr. A. H. Graves 


Oct. 15. Autumn Coloration. Dr. A. B. Stout 
Oct. 16. Rice, the’ Most Important Food Bae: 
H. A. Gleason 
Oct. 22. Our Local Orchid a WL M. Denslow 
Oct. 23. Gathering Wild Flowers in the a Mountains. 
. A. Murrill 
Oct. 29. Florida Vegetation. Dr. 7. H. Barnhart 


Oct. 30. The Influence of Climate on Evolution. 
Dr. W. A. Murrill 


GREENHOUSE LECTURES 


Nov. 6. Chrysanthemums. Mr. Arthur Herrington 

Nov. 13. Tropical Vines. Mr. K. R. Boynton 

Nov. 20. Cycads. Dr. W. A. Murrill 

Nov. 27. Variegated Plants. Dr. Stout 

Conservatory Range 2 is situated at the eastern me of the 
Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue Entrance. It 
is most conveniently reached from the Allerton Avenue a 
on ae White Plains Extension - the Subway from East 180th 
Street. Visitors coming by train to Botanical Garden Sta- 
tion should inquire at the Miieeuss Building. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


On the afternoon of July 13, a group of about sixty students 


from the Columbia University Summer Session visited the Gar- 
den under the leadership of Mr. L. A. Crawford, assistant to the 


I, the 
ock Garden, the I ee the Hemlock Grove, a 
the Museum Building 


exchange of duplicate pane with the Sa aes 
Institution, the aaah raat recently been enriched by 

ait ed year by Mr. E.C. Li bea 

This is is one of the eee ie ever made in Haiti, and it 

contains specimens of a good many species not previously re- 


142 

presented in our collections and many other aria ae rare 
trees and shrubs endemic in Haiti. It is very valuable sat 
the present time in connection with our ‘studies of the ie of 
Cuba and of that of Porto Rico 


Meteorology for June: The total precipitation for the month 


were phe on the 3rd, 50° on the ‘ath, 53° on the 16th and 60° 
the 


ACCESSIONS 
PLANTS AND SEEDS 


e ele for Fern Gar (Given by Mr. C. A. Weatherby.) 
mi a 


(Given by Miss Grace Sturtevant.) 
4 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by DA 
3 plants for Iris Garden. iven by S.G ) 
20 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. John C. Wister.) 
3 plants of Clinopodium. (Given by Mr. M. Buswell.) 
45 plants for Fern Garden. (Given M Ransier.) 
1 plant for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Frank H. Presby.) 
2 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by t.) 


11 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. J. M n Shull.) 
2 plants for Iris en. iven by Mr. Ge Smit 

6 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Bobbink and Atkins.) 
104 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. John C ) 


. Wister. 
16 plants of Hymenocallis. (By exchange with Mr. W. Kimball.) 
107 plants for oe (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum 
ee Dr. J. N. Rose. 
plants of Pane (By exchange with Mr. Bathusa through Dr. J. K. 
Small. 
4 plants of Hymenocailis. (By exchange with Mr. 


J. Arthur Harris.) 
7 Lene for Conservatories. 


ith 
(By exchange with Florida Wild Life League.) 


I aA of seed. (Given by Mr. Samuel F. Clar! 
1 pkt. of Alpinia seed. (Collected by Dr. is Britton.) 
seed. (By excha ith Mr. 


1 pkt. of y e ge w 
pkt. of seed. (By exchange with U. S gric.) 
70 pkts. of seed. (By exchang B. G., Oxford, 


e i land.) 
200 pkts. of seed. (By exchange with B. G., La Mortola, bee ) 


143 


50 Dahlia plants, a varieties. Saas nie Judge cei T. Marean.) 
27 Dahlia roots, 18 varieties. (Givi y J. J. Broomall.) 
20 Dahlia roots, 15 aan an (By ae with Mtr F. P. Quinby.) 
13 Dahlia roots and plants, 13 varieties. (Given by C. Louis Alling.) 
12 Dahlia roots and plants, 7 varieties. (Given by Mr. Alt F. Clark.) 
wilee G . 


10 Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. (By exchange with Dr wi 
9 Dahlia roots, 7 varieties. (By exchange se Mrs 
7 Dahlia roo! plants, 7 varieties. (Giv ry Mr. Alfred E Do: ) 


Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mille & Co.) 


Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mr. Emmett Dove. 
6 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties. iven ie Dahliadel eee ) 
6 Dahlia roots and plants, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. J. Matheson.) 
5 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties iven by Mrs. A. F. Story.) 
5 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Capt. J. R. Howell.) 
3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mrs. Chas. H. ee 
3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. y exchange with Miss Margaret S. Brown.) 
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with ed Rocke ‘Weikert: ) 
2 Dahlia roots, 1 variet iven by George Smith & Sons. 
2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with aa . B. S. Norton.) 


z Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by the Garden Club of ae 


Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By excharige with Mr. < H. Du Bois.) 
2 2 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. C. Fre 
1 Dahlia ee (By ea with Mr. Otto Pieanuchen’ ) 


I Giv x, W. A. Orton 
4 plants ny Dahlia pete i Conservatories. (Given by Mr. W. J. 
Mat heson. 
71 ne from Florida. ae by Dr. J. K. Small & De Winkeler.) 
273 Lily Bulbs. (Purchas 
ne plants of Dracaena for Cone yateen (By exchange with B. E. Blaine 


ro} 

6 plants. ae exchange with U.S. Dept. Agric.) 

48 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum 
through Dr. J. N. Rose. 

1 plant of Opuntia. (By exchange with Mr. E. T. Wherry.) 

4 bulbs of Oxalis tuberosa. (By exchange with U. S. Dene Agric. 


4 bulbs for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum 
through D; ose. 

14 plants de: eeds. 

6 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Mr. H. W. Becker.) 

4 plants for Conservatories. (Given : Mr. Charles Fe a 

4 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Julius Roehrs Co.) 


‘S 
I a of Pandanus Victoria for Catone (Given by Mr. Wm. B. 
Thompson.) 


144 


67 plants of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through Dr. J. 
N. Rose.) 

102 plants for Conservatories (By exchange with Mr. Samuel Untermyer.) 
15 plants of Opun: ita Drummondts, _ (Collect: ted by Mr. D. W. Gross. 

3 plantso iven by Mr. Willard G. Bixby.) 
97 plants of Hicorta for Arboretum. Gi n by Mr. J. F. Jones. 

2 plants of Hymenocalt és for Conservatories (Given ee oS W. ee 

ret i 


1 plant of Acer rubrum for Nurseries. (Given by Mr. Chas. C. Dean.) 
13 plants of Cotoneaster for Fruticetum. (Given by Cottage Gardens Co.) 
1 plant of isGarden. (Given by Mrs. C.S. McKinney.) 
10 plants of (Given by The McCoy Nut Nurseries.) 
8 plants of piano for Cone oc (Given by Bro. Knapke.) 
3 plants for Nurseries. (Given by Mr. E. P. a 

1 plant for Conservatories. (Given by ‘ea Geo. H. Plympton.) 

1 plant of Vaccinium crassifoluum. (Given by pice is a. Wilkens.) 
15 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Mr. D. Ww. ross.) 

1 plant of Pedtocactus Simpsonit. Sage by a 7. A. Holmes.) 
8400 Gladiolus bulbs. (Given by M . E. Kun 


a 
27 plants for Arboretum and Nurseries. (Purch ased.) 
49 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum 
through Dr. J. N. Rose. 
53 plarts for Conservatories. (By exchange with Missouri Bot. Garden.) 
Rolf: 


31 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Mr. P. Ifs. 
16 plants of Fragaria vesca. (Given by M Ww Martens.) 
plants for Iris Garde ag by Mr. A 


S 
5 plants for Dionaea muscipul ee fe Mr, Georee Ti lle a 

4 plants for Iris Garden. (Give y Mrs. T. Bodley.) 

218 plants. (Purchased. 

50 plints for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum 
through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 

I plant of Rhododendron. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric.) 

2 plants of Hymenecals for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. 


lept. Agric. 

52 eee? plants. (Coilected by Dr. J. K. IL.) 

4 plants of Opuntia from Florida. Ce by J. K. Smali and De 
Winkele: 5 

1 packet of hearts seed. (Given by Mrs. Barsett.) 


1 packet of s (Given by Mr. F. F. Von Vilm 

go packets ot me (By exchange with B. G., Ottawa, Canada.) 

1 packet of se (By exchange with H } 

I t of Linum Seed. yy exchange with Mr. M. Haw 

3 packets of seed. (By exchange _ Mr. D. T. A. Coc kerell.) 
3 packets of change with Mr. Samuel Untermyer.) 


ts of seed. ( 
62 packets of seed. (Purcha ey 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn, 
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace ae Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Edward D, Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps, 

Charles B. Alexander, aah S. Harkn ness, F. R. Pierson, 

Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, 
John W. Auchincloss, a Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place, 

George F. Baker, T. A. Havemeyer, Hon, Anning S. Prall, 
Stephen Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand, 

Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, Ogden Mills Reid, 

d: Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, . H. M. Richa: 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 

K Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, | Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, 

rof. W..H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, 
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, 

Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, 
Samu ral P. Colt W. J. Matheson, F. K. Sturgis, 
Marin Le ae fenanen George inca B. B. Thayer 
Paul D. Cravath, as erson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, 
kay ene r. Walter mig W. Boyce Thompson, 
r. H. M. Denslow, Tein L. Mer Dr. W. Gilman Th ompson 

See H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, 
Samuel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg, 
William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, 
James B. Ford, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwell, 
Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, 
Robert W. de Forest, C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, 
Prof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Daniel Guggenheim, 
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. ae . Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 


Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs ie MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 

Mrs. A. Barton ah Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 

Mrs. Robert C. Hi Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, 
Mrs. Wm. A. Bibs, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. Cabot Ward. 

Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. oe aera Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs. John I. Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 


and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 


2. Patrons 
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 


3. Fellows for Life 
he contribution of .00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 


4. Fellowship Members 
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 


5. Sustaining Members 
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become 
ellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 


6. Annual waar 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10 
All ge are entitled to the fale privileges: 
. Ti to all lect f the Board of Managers. 
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the sees of the Board of 
Managers. 
3. A copy of all handbooks published by an Garden. 


he 
6. petals of the Board Room. 


7. Life Members 
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00. 
Information 
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members 
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building 
at 3 o’cloc 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.........- 


Vol. XXII August, 1921 No. 260 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
G . Nash 145 
Studies * ‘alg in Cooperation with the State Experiment Station 
at Y. 148 
The “Workinga” of Long Lake 156 
Notes, News and Comment 159 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 8 West Kinc StREET, LANCASTER, Pa. 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PresipeEnT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
HENRY W. DEFOREST 
Vick- PRESIDENTS { FREDERIC S, LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. 
PE ae ee DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 


HENRY e FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVAT ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
A WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 
rm expires January, 1923 

EDWARD D. ADAM JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FORE! BST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 

Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. de EO ST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


THE er to OF THE City oF NEw York 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


a SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


EEE: R. A. HARPER, Chairma: 
EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. i rreck ee PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F EMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STA 


DR. N. i BR aie Director-in-Chief eA ment, Admini 
R. H. LEAS ON, Assistant Director Ada nistration) 
DR. JOHN” K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (lowering Plants) 
DR. W. A. MUR 


D J. SE erless 
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, paige ae 
PERCY pleat Associate Cur 
R. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, yee P Cunkler 
GEORGE’ V. NASH, Head Ca Nine er and Curator of Plantations 
TOUT, Director of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Biblhiographer 
RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the ra ligis Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 
DR. ar tLLIAM |” ee. Cina of cg Plants 
Cot 


ARTHUR J " TOR RBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction 


JourRNAL OF THE New York BoranicaL GARDEN PLATE 261 


JOURNAL 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII August, 1921 No. 260 


GEORGE VALENTINE NASH 
With PLATE 261 


The New York Botanical Garden and the Horticultural Society 


tinuously since 1896, first during its preliminary organization, as 
a General Assistant, next during 1900, as Curator of the Planta- 
tions, then during twenty years as Head Gardener, to which 
title that of cee of the Plantations was added in 1921. He 

took a very importat part in the bringing together of the 
aa of living plants and in their installation and main- 
tenance 


Mr. Nae h was born in Brooklyn, New York, May 6, 1864. 
Much of his boyhood was spent at Clifton, New Jersey, where 
his father conducted a horticultural business in which he was 
employed, specializing in roses and in water plant si his attention 


culturist, a profound botanical student and an enthusiastic col- 
lector, especially of grasses. Mr. Nash quite naturally inherited 
Dr. Thurber’s interest in een aes g tre m ) im a uns 


a. and 
for many years, until his other oe ee it to one side. He 


145 


146 


oa ees the wild plants ‘of New Jersey, and he became 
the Torrey Botanical Club in 1891; at about this 
poneeon with him commenced; for several years 


thereafter he br specir me for identification, and 
r this period he determined to take the first opportunity 
which offered to enter botani science a professiol 


of Columbia College with some help from me, and the sets, con- 
taining specimens of many rare species, were sold to good ad- 
eee enabling him to continue his botanical studies. The 
Sed came for a remunerative position when the work of 
e New York Botanical Garden was initiated in 1896. 
His first important errand as an employee of the Garden was 


peditions to Haiti in 1903,4 to the Bahamian Islands, Inagua and 


1 Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 65-69. 1901. 
2 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 29-35. 1902. 
8 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 141-145. 1902. 
‘Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard, 4: 205-215. 1903. 


147 


Little Inagua in 1904,) with Mr. baie Taylor, and to Haiti 
and - ks Islands in 1905,? again with Mr. Taylor 
velopment of the plant Cie of the Ne ew York 
Botanical Garden, their Lips aie identification, labeling and 
ion of hi m 


ead 
the New York Botanical Garden published in its Bulletin; his 
ua cover a very wide range of plant knowledge 
He is commemorated in Botany by the genus Nashid of the 
Verbena ‘Family, dedicated to him by Dr. Millspaugh,’ and by 
several species of West Indian and Floridian plants, first made 
nown by his exploration work. 
N. L. Britton. 


eee FROM THE MINUTES OF THE pas DIRECTORS OF 
HE NEw York BorTANICAL GARDEN AT THEIR MEETING OF 
pets 8, 1921 
HEREAS: Mr. George Valentine Nash, for many years 
Head Gardener of the New York Botanical Garden, died on 
July a 1921 
RESOLVED: the Scientific Directors of the New Yor. 
Bee ane dey deplore the loss of a highly esteemed 
and much beloved associate. 


1Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 1-19. 1905. 
oe Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 170-191. 1905. 
aN. 17: 77-198. 1909-1915. 

7 Fa aes Publ. Bot. 2: 176. 1906. 


148 


LVED: That the foregoing preamble and resolution be 
entered upon the minutes of the Directors, printed in the Garden 
Journal, and that a copy be sent to his bereaved family. 


prec ADOPTED BY THE Dee. OF THE HortIcuL- 
URAL SOCIETY OF NEw 

The members of the Horcentnifal Society of New York re- 
se having to record the death of Mr. George ve Nash, who fot 
mber of years did such efficient in keeping 

de records, and editing the publication, and we herewith wish to 
express our appreciation of his services in building up the Society, 
arranging for the scientific lectures, and the able manner in which 


We wish also to convey to Mrs. George V. Nash and family, 
our sincere sympathy, and direct that this resolution be entered 
upon the minutes of the Society and that a copy be sent to Mrs. 
Nash 


STUDIES OF GRAPES IN COOPERATION WITH THE 
STATE EXPERIMENT STATION AT GENEVA, N. Y. 


Wir PLaTE 262 


Dr. N. L. Britton, DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF: 
Sir: 
Since the autumn of 1919 I] have, with your permission, en- 


‘pes rs pes with particu 
development and have rather clearly indicated what is probably 
the most tie Gye course in breeding for the development of 
seedless varieties. 
The matter to which I first directed attention was a survey of 
A more extended report than is here presented has recently bee 
t 


published as Techni oe laulu No. 82 a ae New York ngiue 
231 from the New Yor! 


Botanical Garden. 


JournaL or THE New York Botanica GARDEN PLATE 262 


Types of flowers in grapes showing the range of intersexes. About three 
times natural size, 


149 


the types of flowers with reference to the causa of the parts 


(pistils and stamens) in fruit production. There is abundan 
material for such a study in the vineyards of the fi Near- 
ly all th ed ieties of grapes eae in Northern 


; many varie ee E ean 
oors 


ation of t 
which 1 have prosecuted during the past ten years. 


length a 
contained in i ae ced anther: ex: enined under a 


ty 
special interest a a importance is the cane ae of the pes 
of flowers that p r near-seedless fru 
The general range in flower typ be ee by the 
ured i ea 2 


e purely staminate type of flower, shown in Fig. 1, has erect 
stamens and the pistil is either much aborted or lacking. I 


150 


many sales classed as staminate, dap aes pistils are to be 
seen as ig. 2. Plants with such flowers only are entirely 
as ‘but usually: Ale stamens contain ie pollen and the 


pollination. 


Bd il 
toes shown in Figures 2 4, and § are nearly identical 
in general appearance All have erect stamens with much 


viable ey n the ee and tae maleness is well developed. 


The pistils are present and apparently fully developed, but the 
fruits produ are different hose 0: rat 
least contain mere ru ents of seeds; those of 5 contain seeds 


seedless; that is, many are seedless and ha two 
o. 5 is the type that most closely approaches the 
condition of the fect hermaphrodite e€ ers differ 


vealed by the type of fruit pro 

The type of flower shown es Fis ig. 12 has strongly reflexed or 
recurved stamens. The anthers are nee poorly developed and 
as far as known now all or nearly all the pollen is shrunken and 
devoid of contents and hence impotent in this sort of flower but 
the pistils of such flowers are very generally capable of producing 
seeded fruits provided they are properly pollinated with good 
pollen. This type of pee has long been called the imperfect 


and impotent pollen. Plants with this type of flower may func- 


arents. 
here exists in the seedling grapes grown at Geneva many 
gradations in respect to the relative development of stamens 


151 


(male organs) and pistils (female organs). At one end of tl 
series is the staminate type of flower which is highly potent a 
i n 


that yield seedless, near-seedless or fully seeded fruits may be 
found among fiowers that have either refiexed stamens or erect 
stamens. 
For the most part, flowers in grapes are rather uniform in 
type for the entire seedling individual or the variety which is, of 
opaga 


€ h 

mong dewers: of a csingle plant involve oie ane than sta- 
mens. 
The most important of the cultivated varieties 2 northern 
grapes are all perfect hermaphrodites with erect stamens. The 
pistils and the stamens are highly functional and so the individual 
vines are all self-fruitful. ne ntly, however, plants that 
ave reflexed stamens u 


shou 
grown intermingled with vines having perfect owers or ee 
owers ‘or example 


xed s should be 
mingled with perfect flowered varieties like oe Nie 


t§2 


and Diamond, but even then the fruiting will be poor if the 
blooming is not simultaneous or if weather conditions check 
cross- pens 

Plants and eee having reflexed stamens have 
self-sterile.”” The term has also been 


cay cally perfect and fully functional in certain other 
relat 
resence of intersexes in these seedling grapes raises He 
he 


bee the perfect ered varieties such as 

Concord, Delaware, and Catawba originated has therefore been 

considered a mystery many horticulturist: tis clear 
t they ma sen in either of two ways: 


ave a 
Hybridization between wild grapes such as the fox grape 
(vi labrusca) and varieties of the pea grape (V. vinifera), 
y have given some progeny having flowers of the type of the 
aie parent but with the Dede of the labrusca parent. It 
is now known that most varieties cultivated in north-eastern 


io 
seedlings of mixed C rentage such as are grown at Geneva than 
in the native specie 


153 


It is, however, possible that variations giving intersexes in 
isen of hy 


grapes have a s a result idization bet h 
American species of grapes and t ropean varieties in which 
the gr: of sex in the flowers of the pare: e er 
nt ut intersexualism is a frequent phenomenon and in many 
cases it 1s com in at appears to be pure species. 1- 


or. 
gin seems to be more deep-seated and fundamental than mere 
hybridity. 

With the more complete recognition of the presence of inter- 


rema: o be determined ee it is to this problem that I am 
now ten special atten 
e is most cee ie such an effort. There are no 


that th 
s no direct evidence of how and from what flower types they 
ine 


d of attempting to secure hardy seedless sorts 
int 


has not yet been tested and this will be attempted n crosses 
of this general character already made at Geneva, ie plants of 


the F, progeny ill ieldi ded fruit. The 
en es seen in the ne or near- -seedless plants used 
pollen ents was dominated or swamped by the strong 


par 
ie of the seed Bayes It is the plan to grow the pro- 


a ate exist among the seedlings in the vineyards at the Geneva 
station. These are fully hardy in the climate of New York 


less fruit is hence in plants in which the seedless grade of pistil 
is combined with stamens that are highly male. 
Such plants can, therefore, be used as male parents in crosses 


y be obtained. In this way families weak in femaleness will 
undoubtedly b in in whi considerable ber 
individuals will produce seedless fruits. Th is through the 


gree or ki f f which exists in t 

seems most promising. ith this accomplished the further 
selection is to be directed to such chara as qualities of fruit, 
abundance of yield and hardines: i start was made las 


in 
ief pene can be made here in regard to the culture of 
grapes in the ae a Beanie Garden, and the purposes 
which this wo' 

(A) Outdoor peak In these there should be a collec- 


155 


tion (a) representing the wild species, (b) the principal culti- 
t c 


mi 
strating the iis methods of grape culture, especially of the 
vinifera gra The viney; ia would ae urnis a can le for 


It is not the peru to attempt the growing of seedlings in our 


I am pleased to report that some progress has been made in 
establishing a plantation of grapes in our Garden. A few vines 
of several varieties have been purchased, and some of these are 


already bearing fruit. Cuttings of others have been supplied 
by te Experiment Station at Geneva. T the 
kindness of the officials of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 
and of the mei — of oe cuttings of all t 

most importan eedless varie eties of y: grapes have 


i n d d. 
fence giving complete Sroleeiion should be provided in the near 
uture. 
B) Culture o iis in a hothouse. oo of certain 
th 


who visit our Garden. To demonstrate such culture would be 
of special ein alue 

One of the difficulties of obtaining pollen of such seedless 
varieties as a Sultanina for use in breeding is that when the 
vines are grown outdoor oe usually bloom later than vines 


seedlings. Because of this condition it was impossible.to make, 


156 


during last spring at Geneva, a large number of the desirable 


at the proper time. A hot house specially devoted to the 
growing of grapes would hence greatly promote the breeding of 
grapes along the lines discussed above. 
It takes several years to bring plants of the grape to blooming 
and fruiting age from eed: For he Dreeding studies = lave 
of 


ace. There is aeiple provision ae provi ding and maintaining 


Mr. H. O. Sprague ef the Department of Henican with whom 
I have most closely been associated in these studies. 
our lene to engage in this research is appreciated. 
Permission to continue the cooperation and facilities for culture 
of grapes in our ene along the lines mentioned above are re- 
d. 
Respectfully submitted, 
B.S 


. B. Stout, 
Director of the Laboratories. 


THE “WORKING” OF LONG LAKE 


During the months of July, August, and September, 1921, the 


waters of Long Lake, in the southeastern part of York 
Botanical Garden, remained conspicuously murky. L Lake 
is a body of water about 9 t long an eet in aver 


At the north end a drive-way is under construction and a rather 


157 


deep fill of rock and of yellowish brown soil extending into the 
water might naturally have given rise to the impression that the 
yellowish br 


the wat 
of this newly made and similarly colored bank. However, the 


probably a factor of importance in keeping the filaments sus- 
pended in the water. 

Oscillatoria prolifica was first described and figured by Greville 
n 1827, under the generic name Lyngbya, from a lake in Scot- 


158 


ae In America its occurrence, so far as the present writer 
n determine, has previously been recorded from only two 
localities. The first of these was Jamaica Pond, near Boston, 


Dr. Edgar W. . Kiel reported! it in 1905 as giving a reddish 
tinge to ice of P. e, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. 
It appea: aa ee ais tinge in the ice was so conspicuous 


that “Pine Lake is similar in one respect to awe Pond, viz., 
in that neither has any outlet to speak of . is of interest to 

note that Long Lake, in another state, the el American lake in 
ae ee prolifica has been observed, also has no ‘outlet 


The oe point in which the New York era appear to 
differ from others previously described under the name Oscilla- 
toria prolifica is the color. As first described by Greville, the 
gure 


Jamaica P 
s “light reddish-brown,’’? “of a decided chocolate hue 
“reddish,’’8 and ‘‘ brownish chocolate-color,'? while that of oe 
Lake is mostly a yellowish dane However, the color of the 
blue-green algae is known to vary c oo migra to con- 
en 


h 
or no doubt as to their specific identity. Experiments by 
1 Notes on th { Oscillatoria prolifica ile) ,in the 
ice of Pine a Waukesha County, Wisconsi sin, Trans. Wisconsin Acad, 
15: 124-134. r. Olive gives a valuable bibliography of the “working” or 
**flowering" of aes, to which list wr 
entitled “A note on the ‘flowering’ ‘of ‘the’ lakes in the ‘Adirondacks, " iT oneya 
> 183 


c3, 
* Moore, Geo. T. Rhodora 1: 100. 1899. 
3 Olive, E,W. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. 15: 128. 1905. 


159 


Schindler* He as a alos or haan brown color in 
members of tk diminished foo 
suppl 


MarsHA.t A. Howe. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


The automobile seems to be pipers its ie - nee among 
various of the lower animals wel hest. 


a 
= 
=. 


two, namely—one house rat, four snakes, all perfectly harmless, 
and numerous frogs and to: bd; of which often only fragments 


ermed ost destructive animal in the world by the United 
States panty nt of Agriculture, it is evident there is a great 
loss of life over the country at large, from the above cause, of 


many Sei ial highly beneficial to the communities in 
which they liv 

A year or so ago, even a screech ow! was found flattened out 
by some machine. It was apparently the show-owl of the 
Garden, ies ara laele about the same time _- - en- 


e p ould 
almost pants i seen pets the day by interes ee oe. 
Mud turtles also are occasionally found, victims to the silent, 
swiftly moving wheels 

re than thirty kinds of oaks growing in the Arboret 
have reached such a size now that they are of much eee 
to all tree-lovers. 

leason, epee” Director, is back from British 
ated a successful trip of some three months in that re- 

gion, geen in collecting Seeaicl specimens for the Garden. 
Dr. Arthur Hollick has completed his work in Washington on 
the fossil flora of Alaska and is again a member of the Garden 
staff. 


‘Schindler, B. Uber den Farbenwechsel der Oscillarien. Zeitsch. fiir Bot. 
5: 497-575. 1913. 


160 


r. E. J. Butler, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology, 
rans England, who has see a tour of parts of the United 
States in the interest of p ley y; a the Garden on 
August 18 and sailed ay ee for England. 

Dr. Miyabe, Professor of Botany in the ee Univer- 
ae at Sapporo, Dena called at the Garden August 20 and 22 

n his nee from the Conference of Cereal! Diseases held at St. 
Paul Minnesota. He sailed from San Francisco September 17, 
having been in the United States since the first of July. 

The following visiting botanists have enrolled in the library 
during the summer months: Professors M. F. Barrus, H. M 
Fitzpatrick, Romyn Hitchcock, J. R. Schramm and D. 5. Welch, 
Ithaca, N. Y.; Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. J. S. Cooley, W. W. Eggleston 
and Fred R. Jones, ee On Dr. ele M. Gilkey, 


Corvallis, Ore.; Prof. A. Cockerell: Boulder, Colo.; 
Prof. E. A. Burt, St. aa rae aie John W. Harshberger and 
class, Philadelphia , Pa.; Prof. James P. Kelley, State College, 


Pa.; Prof. Francs E. ave: McGill Univeriey: Prof. R. Ruggles 
Cates and E. J. rn London, Eng.; Professors Arthur de 
Jaczewski and N. Vavilov, St. Petersburg, Russia; Rev. Dr. S. 
J. Ena: ce. Se ee n, and Professors Kingo Miyabe 
and Makato Nishimura, Sapporo, Japan. 

Meteorology for July-——The total precipitation for the month 
was 1.76 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each 


24th, and 96°on the 28th. The um temperatures were: 
58° on a 6th, 60° on ie 17th, a on He 22nd and 68° on the 
30th. 

-Aaeeeialony for August—tThe total precipitation for the month 

as 4.73 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each 
or were as follows: 85° on the 4th, 86° on the 12th, 89° on the 
19th, 82°on the 24th, and 93° on the 30th. The minimum tem 
-peratures were: 55° on the oi nd 5th, 51° on the 15th, 534° 
on the 16th, and 50° on the 23rd. 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, 
Fritz Achelis, 

Edward D. Adams, 
Charles B. Alexander, 
Vincent Astor, 

John W. Auchincloss, 
George F. ae rs 
Stephen Bak 


Murry Guggenheim, 


Edward S. etic 

Prof. R. A. Harper, 

iE Amory Haskell, 
aA. peeled 


A. Hec 
Henry de Pores Baldwin, Bernard uns 
Arch 


Edmund L. Baylies 

Prof. Charles P. Paro 
Eugene P. Bicknell, 

C. K. G. Billings, 
George Blumenthal, 
George S. Brewster, 
Prof. Britton, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, 
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, 
William G. Choate, 
Hon. A ae Clark, 

C. A. 

Samuel A ns It, 

Marin Le Brun ance 
Paul D. Cravath, 
Charles Deering, 


M. Huntington, 


Aaa Iselin, 

Dr. Walter B. James, 
Walter B. Jennings, 
Otto H. Kahn, 

Prof. James F. Kemp, 
Darwin P. Kingsley, 
Edw. V. Z. Lane, 

Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, 
Adolph Lewisohn, 


Kenneth K. Mackenzie, 


V. Everit Macy 
Edgar L. Marston, 
W. J. Mat 
George Siete 
ee McMillin, 
ir. Walter Ss 


Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Ten Mer 


gam H. Dodge, 
muel W. Fairchild, 
“i. B. O. Field, 
James B. Ford, 
Henry W. de Forest, 
nege W. de Forest, 
. W. J. Gies, 
sit Guggenheim, 


Bice R. Newbold, 
C. D. Norton 
Eben E. Olcott, 


Prot. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 

F. R. Pierson, 

James R. Pitcher, 

Ira A. Place, 


fons D. Rarkeletles 
William Rockefeller, 
W. Emlen Roosevelt, 


Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Dr. poy Sayre, 
Mortimer L. Schiff, 


Albert } R. Shattuck, 


Valentine P. Snyder, 
James Speyer, 
Frederick oes 
a K. Sturgis, 


B. B. Thayer, 
Charles G. Thompson, 
W. Boyce Thompson 
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson 


Allen Wardwell, 

H. H. ee tins 
Bronson Win 

Grenville L. nee 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 
Mrs. Robert Bacon, 
Miss en hae 
Mrs. N. L. B 


A. Low 
Mrs. —. a Bay, Mrs. oe MacVeagh, 
Mrs. 


. A. Barton Hepburn, 
Mrs. Robert ic Hill, 


Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, 


Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


he Delancey Kane, 

s. Hamilton F. Kea, 
the rae E. Ki 
Mrs 


Mrs. V. Everit Mac 
Mrs. Henry Marghand, 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 


Mrs. Benson B. ee 


Mrs. Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. rr Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, 
. Kane, 


Mrs. John I 


Jas 
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 


and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden, 
2. Patrons 
e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden te gift 
or u pain shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Gard 
3. Fellows for Life 
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the contributor to a a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4. Fellowship Members 
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 
5. Sustaining Members 
ning members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become 
ctiieet eo life when rie BGO aggregate $1000.00. 
6. Annual Members 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00 
All members are entitled to the following privileges: 
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers. 


ane to all abe given under the auspices of the Board of 
Mana: 

3. A ee a ‘all handbooks published by ‘i Garden. 

4. A copy of all annual reports and Bullet 

5. A copy of the monthly Journal. 

6. Privileges of the Board Room. 


7. Life Members 


Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
0.00. 


Information 
mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to ip ont 

on bestanne or hortic dite ae cts. Docents will accompan embers 
scl - grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Macca ‘Building 

at30 
Form of Bequest 

I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.... 


Vol. XXII September, 1921 No. 261 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 


R. S. WILLIAMS 
Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 
Botanizing in British Guiana 161 
MIG TCHGEIMIAtA RIVED, . 6.5 cc cieciec ec cievccsscndcecrecucvviccecececeecs 168 
The loss of a large Palm 171 
Dr. Pennell’s new position. ..............eceecccc cece cence ee eeaneeeeenes 171 
Notes, News and Comment 172 
A ions 174 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
AT 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 
HENRY W. DEFOREST 
VIcE-PRESIDENTS A eREDuRIe S. LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1.. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 1923 


EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
THE eS OF THE City or NEw York 
N. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE aoe OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLic P.irks 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 


pe R. A. MOREE Chairman 
EUGENE P. BICK ROF. FREDERIC S. LEE 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON, ANNING S. PRALL 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. Stra 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


RDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. Bn GLEABON denamnd ief (Development, Administration) 


H. A. GL N, Assistant eed Administration) 
DR. Jone Bre SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
DR. W. A. MUR , Supervisor of Public Instruction 
DR. P. A. BERG, Curator (Floweri lants 
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator oes Plants) 
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowe oT) 


ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assi 
PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator 
jeans CRAWFOR i Associate eh 
TOUT, Director of the 
DR» JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bebliographer 
RAH ARLOW, Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, isin Curator of the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses 


wee x 
ARTHUR] Nf  CORBERT, Superintendent of Buildings ike ‘Gone 
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gardener 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII September, 1921 - No. 261 


BOTANIZING IN BRITISH GUIANA 


For the investigation of the flora of northern South America, 


vantage of the English language, which is spoken by practically 
all the eee ts. 
I sailed from New York June 2, 1921, and an unusually quick 


n that they 

further nae except a reference to ae ae ey Professor A. 5S. 
Hitchcock in this journal (21: 7. 1920 

The only regular line of eas to the jie is main- 
tained by Sprostons, Ltd. This company a the few 
hotels and resthouses along the tine. so that ale must 
depend on them almost entirely for his transportation and his 
personal comfort, unless he desires to resort to the slow and ex- 
pensive method of providing his own boat, crew, and outfit. 
Instead of abusing this monopoly, aaa have made it cheap, 
easy, and unexpectedly comfortable to travel some 150 miles 
into the interior. Every traveller is ‘personally conducted,” 
and all their employes are continuously ready to offer their 
services cheerfully and effectively in any way needed. 


I61 


162 


River steamers on the Demerara River run three times a week 
as faras Wismar. The third day after ae arrival saw me on the 
crowded saloon deck of the ‘‘Essequibo,” while on the second 
class deck below a mob of negroes, East Indians, and mixed 


Officer, Mr. L. S. Hohenkerk. 
As one steams up the mile-wide river, glimpses of plantations 
sugar factories may be had occasionally through the fringe 
of forest or ‘‘bush” along the shore. Conspicuous in the bush 
are the two mangroves, Rhizophora and Avicennia, indicating 
i idal flow. The infl 


that the water is still brackish from the tid influence 
of the tide is in fact felt as far as Wi ‘ e the rise and fall 
amounts to six feet, although the water is perfectly fresh 

Af slands are passed, the river narr down toa quarter 
of a mile or les: e mangroves are replaced by a nt 

um, (Afontrichardia) known re a ucka-mucka. This 
plant seca leaves like the calla lily, its pore ieee It grows 
in a dense thicket along the river ban ems four to five 


thin spot in the stem above each joint ants gain access to the 
interior and use the chambers for their nests. They open pas- 
s from one to the other and gradually move up as the tree 


ndian cal 
fully avoid handling the plants, or for that matter any other 
plants which are habitually infested with ants, and long 

perience has made the Indians exceedingly wise in this respect. 


163 


In the late a(ternoon, after eee etops to saint — 


waiting bo. ed 
ae clearing with good buildings anda a sawmill, ate cee of 
Chetan r; A short distance beyond it lies Wismar, the 


Mackenzie, built by and for the panne, Bauxite Company, 
but at the time of my visit almost deser 


At Wismar, the Demerara and E: une rivers are less than 
twenty miles apart, an Sprostons have puilt a eee on 
ing them. This hast f leaving m- 


g the 
erara below the first rapids and reaching the eared ee 


in securing a comparatively spark-f: able t 
devote some eee to the oe san a eee 
The railroad climbs a steep grade to the crest of the broad 


quibo, reaching its terminus at Rockstone, where a comfortable 
otel is provided. 
Early the next morning we left on the launch ‘ Piamah.” 


ae one was icon shee 7 see a tree trunk behind it. A few 


and herons foraged over the water, but of human life there was 
none 

After eighteen miles of this interesting but monotonous 
nee * tropical life, its continuity is broken by the clearing 


164 


of Butukari, where Sprostons maintain a lumber camp. Then 
the rain began to fall in torrents, and except for a few brief in- 


as darkness was fallin We crawled slowly up es Falls and 
Crab Falls, and ie eight o’clock reached Potaro Mouth, 


sat ies in comfortable chairs to await the preparation of a very 
late din 
For the Four following weeks Tumatumari was my _ head- 
mada and ae it I besa the bush in every direction. 
ual plan was to leave the resthouse by half past six, collect 


on to th d 
method of pressing and drying developed by myself in 190 4a and 


n the article already fone Most plants were dry 30 
hours after collection, a few more quickly, sang such fleshy 
an adequately describe the tape Tort? Not the 
botanist certainly, with his tenden a botanical viewpoint 


ndency 
and terminology, nor the poet, with . fies to ace and all 


ever is, by a Burroughs, who combines a knowledge and a love of 
sp i 


branches are numerous epiphytic plants of orchids, aroids, 
bromeliads, and ferns; on the ground a mass of fallen trees and 


165 


limbs, a thin layer of a mold, and a very few delicate herba- 
ceous plants. No breeze can be felt, not a sunfleck appears on 
not be 


expeditions through the trackless Guiana forests. Even the 
native Indians en closely to their ill-defined trails, ae their 
folklore abounds tales of their adventures when lost in the 
bush and beset ae wild beasts and the still more terrible bush 
spirits 

the collector’s standpoint, the bush at Tumatumari is 
too ae to make it a desirable field for work. Ecologically, 
it seems to represent a single plant ieaceraas a - reat 


lowland t 1 river is sree co: jee eegne 
since the Potaro flows th a narrow valley without a flood- 
plain. Successful collecting was further hampered by the 
on. | in Georgetown, and soon confirmed it in the 
bush, that the rainy season is not the blooming period for the 
vast majority of pl . Collecting was extremely slow, merely 
from lack of material in suitable condition, and my 
fit wi Ido to its full ca; y. Nevertheless, the 
lack of material made for more careful observation, an is 


g se m 
7 pane or a the trees. They entered heartily into the 
spirit of the work, and voluntarily se cieeduly devoted much 


climbin: 
a series oe an cee aided ane ants, and ea down from 
a height of fifty feet flowering branches of the t 


166 


Collecting was further handicapped by the incessant rains, the 


early morning and late afternoon hours, so that in general the 
mornings were available for field work. 
The best collecting was peers found along trails, where a 


fi 
Kangaruma. Here S rostons maintain a resthouse for the use 


few families of Maciel Indians. Interesting 
tai 


2 I left Aiea and aided by the powerful currents, 
two 


flooded at the time of m . The d flora, quite dif- 
ferent from the hill flora along the Potaro, could be collected 
only from the railway embankment o 0a g 
river ba: Back of the floodplain, a narrow belt olling 
hills is occupied by the usual plants of the Potaro district, but 
th numerous species not observed y fir Stil 


farther back, and occupying a strip some fifteen miles wide be- 


167 


tween the Essequibo and Demerara Rivers, lies the area of sand- 


mo’ me ‘on 
quently many an aerial battle is waged for the on to gather 
the catasetum nectar. 

From Rockstone a two-day’s visit was made to Butukari, 


S gre art, the world over for its remarkable strength 
and durability, especially when immer: n sal L 
up to 90 feet may be obtained, or shorter ones squari 
to 24 ous other valuable woods are obtainable, 
of which crabwood, wallaba, and purple heart are sti 

t logs are dragged out by hand or steam winch to 


stored pa water, since most of the important woods of the 
colony sink. For shipment they are lashed to timbers placed 
cross-wise of large ae a are kept submerged to reduce the 
apparent weight. 

Animal life is abundant in the bush, and I frequently regretted 
that I aA no means of learning names for the numerous species 


168 


of birds that flew about the resthouses. Jaguars were occasion- 

ally seen in the vicinity; i an rf small monkeys and howling 

eae nd geouH baie seen Seal 
; the 


ally. Small green lizards w 
ee came around the hedees in geatchi of young chickens; 


verandas at night, while several species of frogs kept up a con- 


sistance in variou and at vari ca while every one 
whom I met aan a cei anaes in my work and did much 
stay in os eae pleasant. The eral ne a 


Sir John B. arisen, Director of Science and Agriculture. 
ENRY ALLAN GLEASON. 


ALONG THE JUNIATA RIVER 


The largest known plant of the now celebrated box-huckle- 


plant, particularly in regard to its geographic distributi ion, Di 
habitats, its morphologic oe its habits, and its relat 
s 


2See Addisonia 6: 17-18. pl. 207. 1921. 


169 


n the opposite side of the ravine where it opens on the river 
there is a high cliff or bluff made up of fine shale—a Mecca for 
geologists from far and near, for it contains an inexhaustible 
store of saan fossils. 

y this cliff our attention was attracted by what the 


apie: three and four oe in diameter, were a clear yellow 


t 
es before fou n Penns a with the flora of which we 
are well sere Besides growing on the cliff just mentioned 


cro and down the ta. oved e O 
arillicola, Vectra known only from the vicinity of White 
Sulphur Springs, West oe where it was first discovered 


represented. coer were neaely. everywhere. Not fewer than 


mo. 
polypody (Polypodium vulgare), lady-fern (Athyrium Filix- 
fe ), maidenhair-spleenwort splen Trich es. 
cbony-spleenwort (A. puiale Christmas- ce (Polystichum 
acrostichoides), maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum), evergreen 
wood-fern (Dryopteris Halas is), flower-cu tae (Woodsia 
obtusa) and hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula). 
Although it was eee least floriferous time of. th 
year—goldenrod r i sters were beginning to 


showy A. prenanthoides. On the cliffs, that harbinger of spring, 
the common rock-cress (Arabis lyrata) was found here and there 


170 


1 flower. Its usual associate, the columbine, (Aquilegia 

ee still held its fruits and showed an occasional fl ; 
i i 1a) W re 

by the eta (Sedum ternatum) in fine leafage, and 


The extremes bee represen , by the q 

, depressed, cannes (Anychia canadensis) and 

ve pa halberd- pee a us (Hibiscus militaris), which was 
id 


of ine mble Indian-tobacc 
(Lobelia inflata) was tangled with the grasses, while the cardinal 
er (Lobelia cardinalis) elevated its ea ae fue or 


On the river banks were eae exotics and weeds. The 
int family was copiously represented by the ground ivy 
(Glecoma), catnip (Nepeta), and four species of the true mint 
(Mentha). Among native mints were several kinds of mountain 
mint (Keellia), a (Hedeoma), blue-curls (Trichostema 
and germander (Te 

Noe to revert io ee chewy principal of this note: In 
mountains further south i as several associa Reaera 
endemic in the White Sulphur anes region. They are 
Eriogonum Allenii, Pseudotacnidia montana, Senecio antennarii- 

a. 


n tinc 
ence or Cenees presence in fee Juniata Valley is strengthened by 
the fact that the station where the box-huckleberry was first 
found was in the more southern part of Blue Ridge, in the same 


where the interesting plants just mentioned, now occur. 
Several hundred plants of the tee hae bleberey were brought 


171 


ack and planted in the Garden. Also, a quantity of rosettes 

of ee large evening- primrose was secured from which we will 

pecimens next summer, as the plant is a biennial. 

Seeds were also secured so that a more showy plantation can be 
developed for the succeeding year 


JoHN K. SMALL. 


THE LOSS OF A LARGE PALM 


Record was made in the Journal for November 1903* of the 
transportation of a large palm, Co lumosa, measuring about 
0 feet fro: h 


measuring Recently it has taken on the unfortunate 
abit of forcing a pane of glass out of the upper dome whenever 
ade a new leaf, and it being impracticable to lower it, we ha 


people. The palm collection contains, however, several smaller 
plants of the same kind; it is a native of Brazil. 


DR. PENNELL’S NEW POSITION 


. Francis W. Pennell has resigned from his position as an 
Associate Curator = the ane to accept the post of Curator of 
: : : 


t 
en wit. us ee about seven years and has taken an 
mpor oe as t in the scientific and educational work of the 
institution, ee a curatorial duties, including exploration, 
lecturing and f American ene especially 


* Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 217. 1903. 


172 


those of the Figwort Family, on which he has become the best 
authority in the scientific world. 
The Scientific Directors at their ins on October 8th 
ease = following preamble and resolut 
WHE : The resignation of Dr. rae W. Pennell as an 
Assciate ee has been tendered and accepte 
RESOLVED: That the Scientific Directors hereby record 
their te of the services rendered the Garden by him 
during his work as a member of the staff and cordially wish him 
all success and enjoyment in his new position of usefulness. 
N. L. Britton, 


Secretary 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Letters received from Dr. Hen ea H. Peale Honoraty ees 
of the Economic Collections, whe is leadin 
in Bolivia, (Mulford Biclogical Expedition) indicate success in 
the collection of botanical specimens. The latest news is dated 
August 30th, written from Huochi on the Bopi River, when re- 


Pp 
of June and proceeded to La Paz, Bolivia, thence down the 
eastern Andean pai ae botanical collections and obser- 
vations at many point: 
A heavy crop of fruit on the tulip-trees in the Garden this 
season is being utilized by the squirrels as a substitute for the 
chestnuts, which have disappeared under the attacks of the 


173 


chestnut canker. Many of the hickory trees, also, succumbed 
to the bark beetle, leaving very little natural food for the squirrels 


the only one found in the Garden, but some fifteen years ago or 
more, the red squirrel was common. The black squ a merely 
a dark phase of the gray, is occasionally seen, the last one noted 
appearing about the boulder bridge quite recently. 


Two interesting discoveries were recently made at Yama 


arms by Dr. Murrill. i sweet- peers mene Dees 
suaveolens, which is rather comm willow, was found on the 
large-to d i ame penn en ance of 


tains, a number of species have been quite abunda 
sweet-scented species above referred to, which 

in the Botanical Garden, has a fragrance much like that of 
anise seed, by which it can sometimes be detected several rods 
wa’ 


A large specimen of Roskovites granulatus, Bigs over 
three inches in breadth, was foun recently u er white pine 
trees east of Conservator ange : Thi er common, 


edible species of Boletus an 
reens and seem: 


ever; sa 

of introduction into our groun WO species are mu 

alike, but B. luteus has an ample white ring, is mu re slimy, 
nd the surface is usually darker. It will be remembered that 


y Range 
spread about the base of individual trees, se eeally on the 
northern side, until basketfuls of it may be collected after the 
autumn rains 


174 


Professor F. S. Earle has ie to Porto Rico and is located 
t 


which he shares with the Garden. Mrs. Earle is wit 


Meteorology for September: The total precipitation for the 
month was 3.35 inches. The maximum temper. recorded 
for e were as follows a on and, 88° 8th, 
86° on the ees and 85° on the 2 he minimum tempera- 
tures wi 66°on the 5th, ane es on vite gth, 52° on the 14th, 
a ge ont ie 24th 


ACCESSIONS 


LIBRARY, FROM May I TO SEP. 30, 1921 


Albertson, Alice O. Nanincket wild seth illustrated by Anne Hinchman, 
New York, 1921. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton. 
Annales de resi nationelle d’ agriculture de Montpellier. N.S. Vol. 2 


Montpellier, 1902 

Blatchley, Willis ae A naiure i £01 d by the sea. Indian- 
apolis, 1902 

Blatchley, Willis ne Boulder reveries. Indianapolis, 1906. 

Blatchley, Willis Sta Gleanings from nature, reer 1899. 


Blatchley, Willis ee "Woo ‘and idyls. Indianapolis, 
Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 30 vols. en Index, 
ve Given hu i 


p, George. Parks; their design, equipment and use. Philadelphia, 
1916. 
Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publications 98, 112, 131, 139, 140, 
178, 192, 194, 204, 206, 209, 217, 284, 289, 307. (Given by the Carnegie In- 
ington, 


Castelli, Pietro. Hortus messanensis, 
Clementi, Mrs. Cecil. Through pee Caeae a Pe ‘suminit of Roraima. 


1920. 
Deam, Charles Clemon. Trees of Indiana. Ist. Rev. ed. Fort Wayne, 
1921. (Given by the author.) 
Der Pils und Kreuterfreund. 4 vols. Heilbronn a. N. 1917-21 
oss, Alexander, ed. The Daily Telegraph Victory atlas of the world, 
2 


Hartinger, An ton, & Becker, M. A. Die essbaren und giftigen Schwamme 
in ihren wichtigsten Formen. ee m, Ed. 2. Wien, 1870. 

Hayes, Hei He Kendall, & Garber, Ralph John. Breeding crop plants. 
New York, 


175 


Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1-10. Washington, 
1911-20. 

National geographic magazine. Vols. 35-38. Washington, 1919, 20. 
(Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 

Patterson, Homer L. Patterson's American educational directory. Vol. 18. 


Pellett, Frank C. American honey planis. Hamilton (IIl.) 19: 
rintz, Henrik. The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian aie Seed 
Sayansk lee Trondhjem, 1921. (Given by Det Kongelige Norske Viden. 
skabers Selskab.) 
Quin, one T. The building of an islan sketch of the geological 
structure of St. Croix. . . Christiansted, 1907. ae en by Dr. Arthur Ho a ee 
Smith, Anne Lorrain. A handbook of British keene London, 


Ti -) 

Taylor, Albert Davis, & Cooper, Gordon D. The complete garden, Gar- 
den City, 1921. 

Thatc! a Roscoe Wilfr The chemistry of te life. New York, 1921. 

Vivian, Alfred. aa chemistry. New York, 1920. (Given by the 
Torrey iene Club. 

Vries, Hugo de. Opera e periodicis collata. Vol. 5, 6. Utrecht, 1920. 

Wiesner, Taligs von Die Rohst ( des pean ro Ed. 3, Vol. 3. 

Edited by J. Moeller. Leipzig, 1921 


PLANTS AND SEEDS 


9 plants of Tris. (Given by Mr. 
a: 


5 plants of Rhododendron catawbiense var. compactum, (Given by Mr. H. 
P. Kelsey. 

30 plants of Iris. (Given by Movilla Gardens.) 

47 plants of Iris. (Collected - - W. Kimball.) 

114 plants of Iris. (Given by Mrs. O. A. Runyon.) 

264 ee for Mads Saphies etitiey ) 

8 plan a ven phage H. M. Schmoll.) 

¢ . b 


Giv : 
11 plants of nied cen (Given ba Mr. A. ‘uthbert.) 
2 plants for Conservatories. Shaye es Mr. P. A. ick.) 


‘ollect y M 
1o plants of Artemisia Sielleriana. (Collected i Miss Mary E. Eaton.) 
25 Orchids. (Collected-by Mr. P. H. Rolfs.) 
50 plants of Gaylussacia brachycera. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Smalt.) 
30 plants of Oenothera argillicola. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small. 
74 plants, all cacti. (In exchange with the U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. 
. N. Rose.) 


176 


254 plants. (Derived from seed from various sources.) 


nant - —_ of 
oe 


(Collected by Mr. B. C. Tha: ne 

Given by Mr. ed R. Pitcher.) 

Ipomoea s sp. (In excha: a el Brother Hioram.) 

lect ae by Dr. F. W. Pennell.) 


3 packets of seed. 


(Collected by Dr. H. H. on ry.) 
h: 


(By exchange with B. G., Lyons, France.) 
(By exchange with B. G., Glasnevin, toe Ireland.) 
: and, ) 


ed. (By exchange 
2 packets of seed from Trinidad. (Collected by Dr. N.L. Bri n.) 


4 ie of seed. 
N. Ros 


(By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum Gah Dr. J. 


I ne for Conservatories. (Given by Mrs. A. Kegel.) 


ries. (Given by Mr. John Dunbar.) 


57 plants for Iris Gar (Given by The Van Wert Iris Garden.) 
31 plants for Iris Garden. ( by Mr . Farr. 
6 pla Tris Garden. ( yy Mrs. Martin A, Cumbler.) 
56 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Willis E. ) 

R: 


2 lant: 
28 plants for Rock Garden 


2 ai nts of opuntia. (Given by Mr. C. LeDuc 


Vert 


ae aout Florida 
la. 


.) 
(Given by Dr. E. T, Wherry.) 
Ce By Mr. S. Rapp. 
ervatories, (By exchange with eee ee 
Mr. 


4 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange wit J.E 


upt. 
itsia hybrid. (by exchange with Mr. te as. C. Deam.) 
Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. National Museum 
Rose. 


1 pkt. of Seed. (Given by Mr. James R. Pitcher.) 


23 pkts. of Seed. 


Given by Mrs. Ethel A. S. Peckman.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn 
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps, 

Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson, 

Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, 
John ie ae J. Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place, 

George F. Bak T. A. Havemeyer, ee oe S. Prall, 
ane Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Ran 

Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, a Mills Reid; 
Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. a William Rockefeller, 
George Blumenthal, Otto H W. Emlen Roosevelt, 
George S. Brewster, Prof. ieee F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff, 


Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, 
Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, 


Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, 

William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 

Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, 

C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, 

Marin Le Brun Cooper, W. J. Matheson, 

Paul D. Cravath, George McAneny, B. B. Thay 

Charles Deering, Emerson McMillin, Page G. Thomosn, 
ev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Dr. Walter Ae dad Boyce Thom 

Cleveland H. Dodge, John L. Mer Dy. W. Gilman hea 

Samuel W. Fairchild, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, 

William B. O. Field, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg, 

James B. Ford, J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, 

Henry W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwe 

Robert W. de Forest, pag an ele . H. Westinghouse, 
of. ies, 41D): Bronson Winthr 

Daniel feeeeahiennt: Eben E. aan Grenville L. Waskeap. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. a i Delancey Kane Mrs. George D. Pratt, 

Mrs. Robert Bac Hamilton F. iResc: Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 

Miss Elizabeth Billings, ae Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
tton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 


Mrs. Phares D. Dickey, Mrs. CharlesMacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 

Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 

ig a Cy Hilly Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, 
s. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. Cabot Ward. 

Mrs, Walter Jennings, 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs, E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs, John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


7. Benefactors 


The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the et to be a benefactor of the Garden. 
2. Patrons 


he contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 
3. Fellows for Life 
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4, Fellowship Members 
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for 
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 
5. ae ee 
Sustaining members pay from $25.0 piste ae and become 
ellows ‘en life when their pear re $1000 
6. Annual Members 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. 
Ail members are entitled to the following ancien eges 
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the sania of the Board of Managers. 
2. ee to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of 
Baral cue a all handbooks published by ane Garden. 
4. A oo of all annual reports a ci Bullet 
5. A copy of the monthly Journa 
6. Privileges of the Board ee 
7. Life Members 


Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00 


Information 
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members 
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building 
at 3 o'clock. 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 


Vol. XXII October, 1921 No. 262 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
Botanical Collecting in French Gui 07 
TOW RMOUOUCHOLONS ..cccccccdccccccieccsccustseersersesecoees 184 
Notes, News and Comment 199 


Accessions. 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
At 8 West KiNG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 
PresiwENT—W. GILMAN THOMPS 
HENRY W. Tore 
Vick-PRESIDENTS 1 FREDERIC S. LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON 
Term expires January, 1923 


EDWARD D. eis JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST J.P.M 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 1924 
N.L.B LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS 
HENRY. W. Te TOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 


THE barter OF THE City or NEw YorE 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 


THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
A. 


P. OF R. A. HARPER, Chairma 
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC SL TE 
DR. NICHOLAS eee BUTLER HON. ANNINGS 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE PROF. HERBERT ML {. RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) 
DR. JOHN Sas Head Curator of the Museums lowers Plants) 


Ura 
De ARE A. CRAWFORD. Associate Curator 
OUT, Director of the Laboratories 
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer 
RAH H. HA ibrarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, ung Curator of the Economic Collections 
achgee G. BRI TTON, eee Curator of Mosses 


me 
ARTHUR. CORBETT, Superintendent of Build ings pay ‘Gopal 
NNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


Vor. XXII October, 1921 No. 262 


BOTANICAL COLLECTING IN FRENCH GUIANA. 


On the 1oth of ee = year I sailed from Port of Spain in 
the French mail steamer, St. Raphael, to undertake a three 


I was to hscae poe myself after eee at Cayenne, the capital. 

Ia yenne on April h (five days after I left 
Trinidad) a ee in rain. I of course bearers re- 
ceived sanction from the then Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, 
Sir John Chancellor, R. E., K. C. M. G., D. 5. O., who had 
in turn obtained the authority of the Secretary of State for the 
British Colonies, London, England, to permit of my going, as 


as sp work outside the scope of the Department 

of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago to which I am attached 

s i t . And I desire to place on record that 
it was through the kindly recommendation of Mr 

an, Director, in the first instance, that I was able to obtain 

four months’ leave for the purpose. Also to Mr. Wm. Nowell, 

ho was ing Director after Mr. Free n 


w: 
of the New bar Botanical Cae ae 7 was sent on this 
i t 


athe: spe 
York Botanical Ce the United States National Herbarium, 


I decided to make the capital my temporary home, as it was 


177 


178 


noted that plants, of many families, were at hand both in the 
streets, on its walls, and in the canals which form no inconsid- 
erable eas . ie - reas which go to make up the town 
of Cayen 


den notably J. B. Patris in the year 1795, Aublet earlier 
uring t and Lagot about 1855. Patris’ plants 
a to Switzerland and Aublet’s and Lagot’s to Paris. Apart 


e 
botany of any part of French Guiana, hence Dr. bahar 
anxiety to acquire some o a wild plants which grow in that 
fertile and interesting country for the three institutions ia 
to rae 


After my arrival at Cayenne and due to complications of 
the ao ieee I found that ti.e French steamer S 
hae 


& 


nc 
these goods and chattels were sent back to Cayenn 
rgo boat. Here a problem 


3 y ffice, to it 
a sufficient quantity of this class of paper and thus was able 
to begin botanical eae vn waiting until the proper 
Papers were returned to Cay 
It raine a yourieut the none I was in French Guiana, 


which made my stay there run into four months instead of 
hree, as eas itis it being ee impossible to return 
earlier ing , steamer irregularities, and other un- 


r 
ee neem The drying of specimens in the midst 
of so much humidity was a difficult operation, especially with 


179 


soft- tissued plants such as the aroids. Mosqui toes were a 


dwell on these enemies a moment so as to emphasize the painful 
ae a poi tor has to go through eae engaged in his work 
n that part of the world. The worst of the mosquitoes is a 
big, black seni ants as ‘‘Mac,” ae darts at eas deliber- 
ately and extracts blood ge from bare arm, hand, 
head and even a clothing. I know something a mosqui- 
toes, but the French Guiana ones beat anything I ever met in 
the West Indian Islands of Carriacou, Grenada, Tobago and 
rinidad. 
The Wet Season of French Guiana comes in at a tim 
itis = Dry Season of Trinidad and other islands of the Cartan 
o that if one va to botanize when the weather is 
Ae ae would have to be there from July or August deat 
ee or January. 
to the fact that I had received aie from Dr. 
nee to limit the area for field work and to pick up everything 


groups, or species, that were indigenous in the districts where 
I was occupied in plant-study and plant collecting. I should 


for miles to the eastward. Long before you enter the harbor 
you pass millions of mangrove tr with no sign of sand 
sea shi Mud rywhere! Upon landing and after in- 


the total absence of wild pines (Bromeliaceae), not an in- 
dividual appearing on a single tree 


180 


True, I met a few clumps of the long- one ieee oe 
n ew 


(Nidularium Karatas) on Matabon hill, but ither 
flowering nor fruiting: that was the only peanneir A = the 
family w was seen by me is not easil 


ent: 
A few of the more prominent plants of the town and its 
immediate environment are Solanum torvum, Jatropha urens, 
antana Camara, Eleusine indica, Tragia polubilis (climbing 
stinging nettle), Piper marginatum, Leucaena glauca and Mimosa 
igra. The swamps of have thei i 


Canavalia, Maximili Mel: maceas Rubia I 

the swamps farther out on the same road are mangroves and 
the tall, massive ‘‘bally-hoo” (Ravenala gunners). This is 
the principal place where the refuse of C deposited, 
being brought hither by special carts driven by convicts, causing, 
in consequence, this p f the cou an atmosphere 
of extreme unpleasantness to the collector, although the residents 


admit they do not notice it, as they are “used to it.” It was 


181 


here, aggravated by mosquito attacks and rains, that much of 


he 
botanists a naturalis a as savannah areas; poor lands unsuited 
naceae, peracaie: first a fedtion: In the adjacent 
ow hills, two to 


road and (c) another hill close to a rum distillery, parts of each 
of the three being washed by the open sea. The vegetation is 
thick and is composed of trees, shrubs, large vines and fer. 
representing but a few species, one or two Scitamineae, some 
grasses and a few sedges. 

One aeae shia was collected; it had a solitary fruit, 
was abou o feet tall and this was pa a ground orchid I 


‘y r months o Le. 
(Voyria) was observed, eile oe ng ane ideal conditions 
i ch 


aroid whose shining green leaves fa pink- ae shaggy 


182 


petioles were exceptionally pretty. On the hill above Grant’ 
Road to which I frequently went and among the alana 


found to contain a great deal of white sap rae was of a tena- 
cious stickiness, and from all parts of the oo when freshly cut, 

lowed this colored sap. Herbarium specimens, while drying, 
had a rather pleasant smell and the cut ae turned dark 
brow. 

: Cayenne there are two public avenues, one sees a full- 
gro’ ango trees where boys and men stone the trees un- 
peal during the time they are fruiting, and ee other running 
up past the cemetery and turning - to’ Mota Badouel and the 


so-called Botanic Garden. This ue has been formed of 
lonuee (Hymenaea) with a rain ai fone eee the 
“crappo tree’ of Trinidad. The small area called the “ peas 


arden” is full of bush and yee boys and men sho im the 
i e 


beauty. Freedom of action in this respect would seem to exist 

in and out of Cayenne. 
French Guiana is a magnificent oe country. Its bananas, 
th in 


se.’’ At the time of my visit these industries were not thriving, 
many people being out of work as the at of employers. cee 


he pri onsi 
erable distance, where the wild vegetation is fairly ene 


183 


but I had only one opportunity of seeing it, and that was the 


= collecting specime ns. A Montrichardia was also seen which 
tched well with the Trinidad M. aculeata. Scarcely a 
tea or ee large insect was seen either on this or any 
other ne and ee scarce. 
During the time I w: t Cay I saw neither moth nor 
allied hae pean is - faa lights at night. These 
blanks in the fauna puzzled me as much as did ne absence of 


€ pic 
among swarms a aoe ng sand flies; off the beach, islets stand 
in view and upon one of the smaller ones upright growing 


In closing this narrative J must ee omit to refer to the 
kindness rendered me by His Excellency, the Governor of French 
Guiana; Monsieur Romney of the hiet aeea Secretary ’s 
Office; Monsieur Magney, Agent of the French Line of Steamers; 
Monsieur F. Rambaud, the British be Consul; and Mr. John 
Grosvenor re the British Consulate. als = received Cou 
and civilities from every g and 


chief fodder grasses cultivated at Cayenne are Pard 


up ingle in the ak as food items in their season. 

The town of Cayenne has wide streets, good residences, a 
pani water eee foe drinking purposes and a daily ice 
out-put. At night electric lights are seen throughout the place. 
Due to easterly winds the air is cool and pleasant even at midday 
in the shade. 

In their entirety my collections were shipped to Dr. Britton 
from Port of Spain - New York. On ne ae am ought to 
be added and that is t 
palm some sixty feet in height aes the ony of the Onesdous 
outside the Hospital of St. Pau 


W. E. Broapway 


184 


HOW TO GROW RHODODENDRONS.! 


Rhododendrons can be grown much more easily in the 
greater part of Southeastern New York, than in any part of 
Western New York, as lime is present in the soil throughout the 
most of Western New York. By Western New York I refer 
more particularly to the region around Ro ase Batavia and 
Buffalo. In most oe es where success has been obtained in 
Western New York in the growing of Rh ee the soil 
has been excavated to a depth of several feet and replaced with 
humus. This of course is an expensive operation 

i 


were e erely injured throughout the greater part 
of the Northeastern States by the severely cold winters of 190, 
d 1904, 18, and 1 1920, sing a vas 


and killing large numbers iais ae any 8 rowers were ae ch 


sae and numerous i brice suffered comparacuely very 


umber of their flo buds e blasted with the intense cold 
The so-called Catawbiense hybrid Rhododendrons, in a some- 
what limited number, whi re rao in many gardens, and 


ew American, Caucasian and A: species are the only form 
that have been atall eee in pean oe in the Northeastern 


e ved, but 
hardihood they have : surely due to the presence of the blood 
of our native R. cataw esas ae ery few named forms have been 
added to these hardy Cat eee recently. 
A number of hybrids ae reput oe hardihood have resulted from 
her fo 


wit It is a compact plant with white flowers, very hardy, 
ae a beautiful form. 


1 Prbhie he N, 


York Botanical Garden, September 3, 1921. 


185 


e Caucasian R. Smirnowii has been crossed with R. catawbt- 
ense at the Arnold Arboretum, and the progeny is said to be 


hardy, The 
s there is excellent promise of a of important garden 
plants. R. reeidiabiuaees in 2 typicet form, is a handsome flower- 
hae: 


carolinianum is a very decorative garden plant, of small 
c it, wi 


ore 

of March to April 1st. The blossoms are sometimes injured by 
n 

tis to be reareHed that the large number of new species dis- 


covered by Henry E. Wilson in Western China will not pe in 
any part of ee Northeastern States. They do well o 


us lea ic 
appear externally to be so different from Rh perhnten that 


sulphur and primrose, the dazzling shades of apricot, salmon, 
orange and vermilion, are always a fresh revelation of color. 


exaggerated, but when a large collection of the so-called Ghen 
hybrids, and rae species of Azaleas are assembled acne 


186 


in a ravine, and well eae tae are in full bloom, Mr. 
Ellwanger’s description is not ov 

e American Azaleas are lovely flowering Lille o should 
be extensively planted. Seventeen spec: e now credited to 
North America. Eight of these are more or rss in cultivation. 

Perhaps one of’ the most beautiful is Rhododendro 

Seales freely on the Appalachian range. The flowers vary 
fro: yellow to deep orange-scarlet and the plant flowers 


feel adhering to t d limestone 
from light pink to hee rosy aaa nd are ee fragra ae 


. nudiflorum is now known to a se more southern 
distribution than R. reseum, and is a rare plant in Western 


4 
fo} 
5 
han 
imme 
i=] 
ae 
a 
o 
o 
3 
a 
ot 
co) 
ion 
o 
a 
co 
= 
ot 
oO 
= 
ro 
= 
a. 
a 
o 
= 
ion 
fd 
Bud 
o 
es 
» 
5 
jy 
ina 
oO 
o 
i) 
a 
ct 
@ 
4 
“3s 
e 


of the State. The showy pink flowers are very attractive, a 
have aye little fragrance. 

other species of American Azaleas are important in the 

ie following: R. Vaseyi, R. arborescens, R. occidentale, R. 
canadense and R. viscosum. 

Of the thirty- four species of Azaleas credited to the Old 


R. japonicum. The flowers range in color from oo to 
hi ong ti e 


the result of crossing R. dopenicum with R. mo Tle 


187 


Rhododendron ae ee: promises to become an import- 
ant garden plant. It aid to be a common shrub in Korea 
a Lag eel uadea: on the Diamond Mountains. It has 
and can easily be recognized from any 
aie es It flowered with us last spring for the first time. 

The large blossoms are clear pink and are quite sho’ 
er’s Azalea, now known botanically as Ricdodedioi 

aem 


obtusum var. Ki erz,is a most desirable and beautiful garden 
plant. Introduced from Japan about thirty years since, it is 
now fairly well distributed. The flowers usually v: from 


light red to deep red. It seems to enjoy partial shade, and in the 
Arnold Arboretum does a didly under the partial shade of 
hemlocks, showing a much richer color ing than d 
to the a sun. 

The dainty and lovely Kurume Azaleas recently introduced to 
reer gardens from Japan, which reveal a wide range of 


T do not think they would be at all satisfactory in Western New 
York out he doors. 

Am e various groups of hardy hybrid Azaleas the so- 
called eee Azaleas are the most desirable. The flowers are, 


perhaps, not as large as in some of the other hybrid groups, but 
the tinting is oe and most of them are fragrant. 
mew out 1825 a baker at Ghent hybridized some of 


the American Azaleas amongst themselves, and also with the 


other hybrid groups, in which al o the ae Pacific coast 
these forms is so mixed that it is impossible recognise their 


inity. 
The forms of the Ghent hybrids are perhaps more enduring 
ah ee evry > the other hybrid groups, and some of the 
Mundi, Altaclarensis, Unique, Cardinal, Daviesei, 

Viscoceohala: ie. Fritz Quihoui, General Trauff, Grandeur 


188 


Triumphante, Ignea aha Joseph N. Bauman, Julda Schipp, 
Ma ie e Moser and Puc 
already intimated nie soil in Highland Park, Rochester, 
Pee lime. The subsoil is tight, sandy loam, on gravel, and 
el drained naturally. This soil was excavated to a depth o 
two and a half to three oe and ee with humus which was 
found conviently near in a “‘Kettle-hole,” with which cow dung 
was liberally mixed. All at panes to grow Az aleas previously, 


e mu m: 
this is permitted, it is extremely difficult to restore it to the 
point of saturation, and the plants will suffer and pass through 
the winter badly. 

I might say here that in Durand-Eastman Par! 


1 th 
of the city of Rochester, on Lake Ontario, north of what is 


known as the ‘Ridge Road”’ = ls contains only a faint trace 
of lime, and we have found t r great eae that the 
American Azaleas and Rhodedendeens do r well in 


leaves or decayed manure. It is only during the past few years 


happy. 

north winds, which are so and penetrating in February and 
first of March, is essential . ae lay of the land or by some other 
means. If tall trees are adjacent to break a little of the winter 


189 


sunshine it may help them considerably. I believe however if 
they are thoroughly mulched, and the roots are in the right sta- 
tus of moisture, winter sunshine has but little ees on them. 
opagation of Rhodo — and Azaleas is now a 
important matter in this country since the penne Sehibited 


a 
named Catawbiense hybrids. We strongly urge the raising of 
seedlings from these alten ate aa where a 
large collection is assembled, o doubt cross pollination is 
effected naturally. They will ee in from five to six years 
from seed. 

It is hoped that American nuserymen wherever they have the 


ablished. Som 
pagators do not head the stocks back ree until the Hien 
ear. 
Feces: of either Rhododendrons or Azaleas should be sown in 


ona  faely prepared surface of sandy, peaty soil. They should 
be kept close to the g and shaded from direct sunshine until 
they are well ae Care must be exercised not to over- 


190 


water or they will damp readily, particularly in dull winter 
eath By spring they will be large enough to transplant to 


nter 0. 
spring they can be transplanted from the pots into nursery beds 
OHN DUNBAR, 
Rochester, New York. 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


The flowering of the dahlia border was brought to an abrupt 
close by killing frosts on the mornings of October 26 and 27. The 
advent of the first killing frost wa; the earliest in the four years 
of the border’s existence. In 1918 it was killed on November 

i n No 


and vicinity in touc ith the latest perfections in dahlia- 
breeding. The a aoveltic eae by Judge Josiah 
T. Marean of Green's Farms, Conn., and by J. J. Broomall of 
Eagle Rock, California, were especially noteworthy. 


id a number t rden 
useum for the purpose of looking over our mycological col- 
lections. 
Me es he apis The total precipitation for the month 
was 0.58 in maximum temperatures recorded for each 


191 


week were as follows: - on the 7 7834° on the 11th, 76° on 
the i9th and 66° on 28th. minimum temperatures 
28° 


on the a! the 
morning of ihe 26th, when a temperature of 2914° was recorded. 


ACCESSIONS 
Museum AND HERBARIUM 


t specimen of Cepaluros virescens from Mississippi. (Given by Professor 
L. E. Mills.) 
(o) specimens of marine algae from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A.B, Hervey.) 
specimens of flowering plants from the Bolivian Andes. (By i 
a iy tvard Uni os sity. 
pecimens of flowering plants from Haiti. (By exchange with the 
United States National Museum 
105 specimens of flowering plants from Utah. (By exchange with Pro- 
fessor A, O. Garrett). 
121 as of flowering plants from Arizona. (Distributed by Mr. W. 
N, Clut 
5 specimens of flowering plants from southern Utah. (Given by Dr. 
Harry Hapeman. 
I specimen of Osmunda claytoniana from Vermont. (Given by Mrs. W. 
sae ) 
oto) ogr raphs ae mostly cacti. (By exchange with the United 


lantern slide. ‘By xchange with the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.) 
I specimens of aoe plants. (By exchange with the Royal Botanic 
ea Kew, England.) 
9 specimens of flowering plants from the Peruvian Andes. (By exchange 
Harvard University.) 
0 specimens of hepaticae from New England. (Given by Miss Annie 
te renz.) 
aera of orchids from eastern North America. (Given by Dr. H. 
M. bude 
f fl ing pl f South America. (By exchange with 
Pre University.) 
= ane RF cacti, (By exchange with the United States National 
m.) 


Mus 
f Trinidad. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 
(By exchange with Rev. David 


56 specimens of mosses from Hawaii. 
Lillie, 
178 specimens of mosses from Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missouri, Colo- 


192 
rado, Utah, Alaska, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela, and Africa. (By ex- 
change with the United States National Museum 


678 specimens of mosses from Michigan. (By ‘exchange with Dr. George 
ichols.) 


= specimens of mosses from California and Montana. (By exchange with 


4 


2 specimens of mosses from British Guiana, Maine, and Vermont. (By 
exchange with Professor Edward B. Chamberlain.) 
4 specimens of mosses from Portugal and Madeira. (By exchange with 
ales T. D. A. Cockerell.) 
specimen of moss from California. (By exchange with Miss Dorothy 
Git 
37 specimens of mosses from Java. (By exchange with Dr. A. W. Evans.) 
60 specimens of m mosses from various localities. (By exchange with Pro- 


865 specimens of flow ring plants from North America. (By exchange 
with the United States Suan ial Museum.) 
4 specimens of flowering plants from Alabama. (Given by Dr. R. M. 
Harper. 
1791 specimens of Brazilian plants. (By exchange with the British 


I 1 specimen of Poria from New York. h Dr. H. D. House.) 
specimen of Stropharia Nae fron California. (By exchange with 
Alice Eastwood. 
pecimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Professor F. 
S. Earle.) 
3 specimens of fungi from Albertia, Canada. (By exchange with Mr. N. 
B. Sanson. 
12 specimens of fungi from Bermuda. (By exchange with Dr. H. H. 
Whetzel.) 
3 polypores ie Brazil. (By exchange with Mr. H. M. Curran.) 
6000 specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Trinidad, (Col- 
lected by Dr. aa Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 
625 specimens of ferns and fern-allies from Jamaica. (Collected by Mr. 
W. R. Maxon. 
164 specimens i“ pnb plants from Guatemala. (By exchange with 
Professor W. W. lee.) 
250 specimens - een plants from Jamaica. (By exchange with the 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Englan 
23 specimens and photographs of cacti; (By exchange with the United 


n 
= 
& 
is 
2 
oO 

° 

ews 
4 
2. 
3 
i=] 
En 
8 


men of Sonchus uliginosus from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. E. 
aes 
ns of mosses nes Santo Domingo. (By exchange with the 
ney aan National Museum.) 
478 specimens of flowering pines from Martha’s Vineyard. (By exchange 
with Harvard University.) 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, 


Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, 
Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, 
Charles B. cae nena S. Harkness, 
Vincent . R. A. Harper, 
John W. Bttirlce ‘ Chee Haskell, 


George F. Baker, 
Stephen Baker, 
Henry de mores Baldwin, Bernhard Hiciaann, 
Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, 
Eugene P. Bicknell 


Prof. Tamed F, Kemp, 
Darwin P. Kingsley, 
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, 

i Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, 


> 
a. 
So 
ae 
= 
te 
@ 

3 
4 


Prof. C. F. Chandler, isohn, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, enneth K. Maetencie 
Cc. A. n, Everit Macy, 


Marin Le Brun Cooper, 
Paul D. Cravath, 
Charles Deering, 

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, re McMillin, 

r. Walter Meadelean! 
ie L. Merrill, 
Ogden Mills, 

Hon. Ogden L. Mills, 
Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, 
Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, 

Gies, Frederic a ae 
Daniel Guggenheim. . D. Nor 


William B. O. Field, 
James B. Ford, 


Eben E. ee 


Prot. Henry F. Osborn, 
Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Henry Phipps, 

F. R. Pierson, 

James R. Pitcher, 


John D. Rockefeller, 

William Rockefeller, 

W. Emlen Roosevelt, 

Prof. H. H. Rusby, 

Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, 

Mortimer L. Schiff, 

Albert R. Shattuck, 

Henry A. ete 

William Sloa: 

Valentine P. Bae 

James Speyer, 

Frederick Strauss, 

urgis, 

B. B. Thayer, 

Charles G. Thompson, 

W. Boyce Thompson, 

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson 
ouis C. Tiffany, 

Felix M. Warburg, 

Paul M. brah 

Aa Wardwell 


Grenville L. Wilithrop, 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. George A. Armour, 

Bacon, 
Miss ee Billings, 
Mrs. 


Mrs. Delancey Kane, 
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, 
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, 
Mrs Low, 

Hist V. Everit Macy, 
Mrs. Henry Marquand, 
Mrs. George W. Perkins, 


Mrs. as D. Dickey, 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, 


Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, 
Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 
Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 


. W. 
Mrs. Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, 
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, 


Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs. F. F. Thompson, 


PUBLICATIONS OF 
The New York Bot Botanical Garden 


onrie al of the New York Botanical dna Gee monthly, illustrated, contain 


ing notes, news, and non-technical mice of genera’ oy in nterest. Free to all 
members of sod arden. To others, 10 cents a cop 1.00 a year. [No' 
offered in exchange.] Now in its twenty-second ig 


Mycologia, Bigipeyeli illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to 
fungi, including lichens; containing technical articles and news and notes of 
a interest, and an index ie current American mycological literature. 
0 a year; single copies not’ for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] i 
its thirteenth volume. 

Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to oon plates anomie by 
popular Heseeis ns of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty- 
two in each volume. SUbeeHER an price, $10.00 a eae [Not ofc in 
exchange.] Now i in its sixth volum 

Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual report: 
of the Director-in-Chi ict and other official doc ne ents, and i cone articles 
embodying results of investigations carried out in the Gar ree to all 
moe rbers of the Garden: to others, $3.00 nee sraltine! Now. in its tenth 
volume 

North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America 
inc Mae Greenland, the West Indies, and | Central Amer ica. Pla nned to be 
completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each or more 

arts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a “itnited number of separate 
parts will te sold i $2.0 ooeach. [N 
Vol. 3, Rare eas tariaceae. 
Vol. 7, ba I, 1906; ‘part 2, 1907, part 3, 1912; part 4, 1920; part 5, ae 
t 6, 1921. Us tilag inaceae—Aecidiaceae (pars. ). (Parts 1 and2 no lon: 
red separate 
ol. 9 (now complete), parts I-7, 1907-1916. cn 
(pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.) 
ol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae (pars). 

Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae—Leucobryaceae. 

Vol. 16, part 1, 1909. Ophioglossaceae—Cyatheaceae (pars). 
fe Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae 

Ss 
Vol. 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Ch di Alfio: 


P 


5) ] 


Vol. 34, part I, "1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthem- 


Memoirs of the New xe Botanical Garden. Price to members of the 
Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchange.] 
Vol. I. An Ai netated ‘Catalopite of the Flora of Montana and the Yellow- 
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. 
Vol. II. The Influence ef Light ye Dee ary upon Growth and Develop- 
ment, by D. ac ee al. xvi ‘0 pp., with 176 figures. 
Vol. III. Studies f Cretaceous rae geen Remains from Kreischerville, 
New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii-++ 138 pp., with 29 plates. 


Xo 
88 8 


Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart 
Gager. viii + aie pp. , with 73: eo and 14 plates. 1908. 
Vol. V. Flora of the Vic of Ne ee York: A Conteibueen to Plant 
Geography by Nornan Taylor. yi i + 683 pp., with 9 plates. 
h Cacreees of theTw entice Ataversary 
of te New Bee Botanical Garden. viii +592 Pp., with 43 plates and man 
text figures. 

Coutribatiols! froth the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical 
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from 
juornals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. 


In the tenth valume. 
NEW YORK esiamiga: GARDEN 
Park, New York City 


November and December, 1921 No. 263, 264 


JOURNAL 


OF 


EDITOR 
R. S. WILLIAMS 


Administrative Assistant 


CONTENTS 
et PAGE 
_ Historic Trails by Land and by Water 193 
_ The Palm Collection 223 
_ Conference Notes for November and December 224 
d Comment 227 
229 
231 


Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy 


PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN 
West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa 
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY 


OFFICERS, 1921 


PresipeEnT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON 

HENRY W. DEFOREST 
VICE-PRESIDENTS A PaEeRic S. LEE 
TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL 
haat Thudetace HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE 
SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON 


1. ELECTED MANAGERS 
Term expires January, 1922 
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIi1 
PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH ea 
WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSO 
Term expires January, a 


EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL 
ROBERT W. de FOREST ees 
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F, K. STURGIS 
Term expires January, 1924 
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MOR 
HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD 
W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 


2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS 
Tse Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorkE 
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS 
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 


3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS 
Eek R. A. HARPER, Chairm 
EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERICS aie 
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNINGS. P 
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT Me I RICHARDS 
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY 


GARDEN STAFF 
DR.N. L. ERTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) 
DR. H. A. GLEAS SON, Ae ee poe inistration) 
DR. jORN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) 
R. W. A. MU peice of Public nstruction 


eh 
. STOUT, Director of the Labor 
DR. OH HENDLEY BAR NHART, Biblio apher 
RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian 
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections 
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M 
R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotan ist 


ale z 
ARTHUR] ie CORBETT, Superintendent of Beets so ‘Geo 
ENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden 


“I9YyIO JY] UO Sajqe} ay} pue purY euO ay} UO 
89091018 pue suogea ay} ‘ouay ‘uoIso1a parsisas syed saprey ayi ! ajqeq-sa7eM | Jeuoseas Zuryenjony ay) Aq Ajureur papose sam 
syed Jayjos ayy, *uasaid sem jo auojsaumy jo JaAe] ULIOFIUN & AT[eUIZUIQ «*3]qe}-4a7eM [eWOU WUNWIXeUr 


(Duouu py) ajdde-puod ‘punosai0y ut ‘yay pue ay ‘quoqsauiy 131]00 jo “saqqe} asiey sapn “pooumey Buraaq ayy uy 


€9z¢ ALVIg NAGY!) TVOINVLOG NYO. MIN FHL a0 WNanof 


JOURNAL 


OF 


The New York Botanical Garden 


VoL. XXII November and December, 1921 No. 263, 264 


HISTORIC TRAILS, BY LAND AND BY WATER. 
A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER 1919. 


Wir PLatEs 263-266 


The prospect of passing, within the space of a few hours, 
from the dead of winter into the life of summer is naturally 
fascinating. With this outlook in mind Dr. and Mrs. Britton, 
Mrs. Small, and the writer left New York en route for Florida 
about the first of December, 191 

Repeated killing frosts 7 ee eezing weather about New 
York had ravaged all iad things, except the evergreens, 
at aes in exposed plac 

The striking ae in rahe landscape in emerging from the 


Keys and Florida Keys, where they are not only evergreen, but 
aa often be found in flower or in fruit nearly throughout the 


Nort of the Mason and Dixon line the hardwood trees were 
leafless, except in the swamps of New Jersey where the young 


dead, dried leaves. The characteristic bark, clothing the trunk 
of the white-birch (Betula populifolia), was a ete feature 
in the landscape of the rocky slopes below New Brunswick, 
while the smooth-alder (Alnus serrulata), in a low places, 
showed its nascent aments ready to flower with the first real 


193 


194 


warm spell of the winter. The only green oo appeared on the 
ground was that of the foliage of the winter-annual weeds 


hree cultivated shrubs, the eens means 


intooa japonica)—often ca and privets (Ligustrum 
ovalifoliu L. amurense)—usually in hedges d 
native tree, the sweet-ba agnolia virginiana), which was 
pecially conspicuous peas t th on account of its 
rsistent leaves. In addi ant, the 


para: woody pla: 
istletoe (Phoradendron eas ee greeneries a 
i rom the size of one’s head to that of a maa basket. It was 
most abundant on oaks, hickories, and g 
On barren hills the scrub oaks, and in ve places, larger oaks, 
still held their dead and dried leaves, all of which stood out in 
strong contrast against scattered groves of the evergreen red- 
cedar ees virginiana). 
Ho’ r, from Virginia to a be leaves other than dead ones 


were in es in low places and in swamps; but they were not 
green. The tulip-tree iriodendron, si maple (Acer), the 
sweet-gum (Liguidambar), and the gum (Nyssa) were all 


e mu 
throughout its range, whether it be in Canada or in southern 
Florida 


In southern Georgia the trees in the hammocks of the swamps 
ne along the streams had not put on their fall coloring, at least 
t to the same extent as those further north. 
“The extensive marshes, pete appeared approximately 
as they do the year around. Two plants, however, were partic- 
ularly conspicuous on the flats ee the winding channels, 


195 


strongly contrasted by different shades of color—-the one a 


g 
sparagus were scattered along the pecs - the dull-yellow 
subbes of the rice fields often attracted t e. 
tches along the way, filled with a ee g gold, dis- 


ae the only conspicuous flowering plant Ge. : full bloom 


sil me: 
which, of course, stood far above all the surrounding cena 
vegetation. 

Along the Saint ae meee at Jacksonville more plants 
were in flower. Inasm ea there were observed—beard-grass 
(Andropogon glomerat Hs neve ete ns crassipes), 
Indian-shot (Canna flaccida), bladder-pod 
aster (A ster ian ee a bush oo halimifoti), 

vate 


and aed S- ae (Bidens leucantha). 
tree, the pear ‘en 5 ee ae ees a 
ache- os or a ash (Zanthoxylum Clova-Hercutis) were in 


at the bee building of the Plant Introduction Garden 
i h 


Mr. ace s cactus plantation at Buena Vista, m moreover, stil 


Florida appears to be peculiar among the States in one respect, 
at ane all parts of that Commonwea Ith claiming to 
have ‘‘the best location and the best climate.’ 

Notwithstanding this advertis ed unifor mity in place and 


sequently in the ve on. e latter, of course, was the 
magnet that Bees us i the field. Palms and wild-pepper 


196 


plants were our chief object of search. It was also planned fe 
visit hitherto unexplored points in the southern end of the 
peninsula 

Mention of a ad makers of the early Florida trails may be of 


interest: eee aborigines; Seminole Indians; 
adventurers, as de d de Leon; buccaneers, as Black 
Caesar and Gilbert; esate refugees, as Dickenson and 
ene naturalists, as the Bartrams a B be land im- 


e€ bull and Per: 
as Canova and Taylor. Their activities have added greatly 
ti 


Four di eo historic trails served us in escape the 
Ma! fi eld WoO! rk: 

First, the old trail along the eastern coast, from Saint Augustine 
southward. Parts of this, or what they developed into, date 
ea several centuries. Of late this ae has been transformed 

nto the southern part of the Dixie Highw: 

Second, the trail hae ee the surveyors i ot re aa 
generations, in open p the territory between mi and 

able. Wit hin ie ae t few years this i fee trans- 
formed into the Ingraham Highway 

Third, the Fort Bassenger trail, which dates from the Seminole 
War times. The part in Hungry ie is being improved, that 
in the Allapattah Flats is in about the same condition it was-a 
century ago. It connected the ale coast i the vicinity 
of Jupiter with the Okeechobee region and lower Kissimmee 
River region, terminating at Fort Bassenger, which was situated 
on the Kissimmee River about Hales miles, in a straight line 
from the northern end of Lake Okeechobee 

Fourth, the so-called inside course on the Fionda Reef between 
points on the lower eastern coast and ee West. The use of 
this course dates back many years. A history of the craft and 

e 


personage that traversed it for gen tee before the power- 

oat was invented would make interesting reading t 
trails referred to above, it has been improved in recent vears, 
chiefly by dredging and staking nels, 


chan 
t the train at Dayton na and cee down the eastern 
iami 


Daytona is situated in the remains of a once great hammock. 
The two most prominent trees vail standing in the streets and 


$92 ALVIg Nadav‘) ‘IVDINVLOG NYO4 MAN FHL 40 IwNANO[ 


197 


lots of the town are the as oak cea virginiana) and the 
cabbage-tree _Gabal Palmetto). ong the more abundant 


ovoid cones which consequently, are rather longer than thick 

About ten miles south of Daytona we came upon one of ae 
objects of our excursion, namely, a small wild-pepper plant— 
far as known at that time the only endemic wild-pepper plant . 
the gel United States. 

This plant is a winter oe eee was at the height of its 
flowering season. It was the most conspicuous herbaceous 
plant on the floor of the fammoce: covering the shell-middens 
. acres. How much more widely it is scattered in that part 

the State remains to be learned. This species, like its closest 
eae - Florida, i is now mw down in only Eeitee lo calities—in all 
cases on th 
on shell- mounds at the mouth of the Saint eee River, where 
the species was ances pe tacentury ago, and on apparent 
he mout 


words, it has been found at two localities near the coast and at 
one in the interior 


1 Peperomia cumulicola Am. Jou 
Sci. 5: 287. 1822. Pied sine eset FL S. U.S. ey a 
1884. Not Hook. & 


Heh 


eSCE! ie 
blades of those of the flowering stems and bran en ee oval, or = 
orbicular, x veined: spikes about I mm. in fe ameter, mostly 2-1 38 cm. lon 
about 0.5 mm. in diam dged 
bs 1s 


rT 


ell- mounds and entrances to caverns, eastern Florida and northern part 
of as It flowers profusely in December 


198 


Here, south of Daytona, often growing wi ith the Peperomia, was 
é Pp 


pale, usually white, petals. The corolla always lies horizontally 
or flat on the masses of green foliage. The calyx is usually 
ark greenish-purple. Living specimens collected there were 
fon to the Garden and they have since served as a ground- 


oO. 
an elevation on one of the shell-mounds we were confronted 
gat a small grove of the Indian-cherry (Rhamnus caroliniana). 


ide place it in our list for further exploration at the 
a. possible opportunity, for several dozen shrubs and trees 
typical of a regions were found in the various hammocks 
ae fe 
One of ce ow ia au e island is worth mention- 
re. It golden-rod a 


On Merritt’s Island and the neighboring mainland shore are 
the southern outcrops of coquina. This rock, however, seems 


199 


to have little effect on the vegetation, even though it occurs in 
sufficient eesiive to afford a building stone, and is used quite 
extensively as su 

As we ae soutiwaed: the more notable shell-middens 
were left behind, an d the flora became noticeably different. 


geologic for s, course excepting active dunes. Their 
me covering Sry ney during ne process ae hud by the 
aborigines or later. 

The composite family furnished aia siacoue niga of species 
noted in flower. On the dry “‘scrub"’ the t conspicuous 
plant was a tall golden-aster (Cisse S75) while ie swamps and 


fe) 
Eau Gallie was a scrub-oak of uncertain relationship. 


Ww. t ver, 
not plentiful there. The only other plant much in evidence was 
a sprawling form of the West-Indian prickly-pear (Opuntia 
Dillenii) gi bore notably short fruits. 

wn the peninsula, two odd ae inhabitants os 


the “scrub,” Seen nd became progress: 
oth hem primarily winter bloomers The one, a knotweed 
(Thysanella robusta), a low, rigid, s t herb with 
much-branched panicles bearing myriads of small flowers which 
heretofore we had found with only white flowers. This season, 
wever, much of the bloo: was uw 
associate of th tweed was a shrub-like mint (Conradina), 


d 
d this was as graceful as the knotweed was stiff. It is irregu- 


200 


a branched and bears large, nodding flowers with peculiarly 
ink corollas mottled with magenta and of a very irregular 
es attern. 
The grassy prairies and low pinewoods between the Sebastian 
River and the ‘‘scrub” were copiously adorned with hundreds 
and thousands of purple ae the peculiarly purple in- 
florescence of a relative of the southern hound’s-tongue or 
vanilla-plant which is closely ene to the blazing-star. Its 
Senne name is an anagram of the word Liaéris, one of the 


vanilla, which is derived from the cured, unripe capsules of the 
climbing orchid, Vanilla planifolia. 

This r feslon: and its vegetation was quite fully described in a 
former paper.' So suffice it to say here that the three most 
ae sataeres a fund were a very small sedge (Eleocharis) in 

ich the a remained attached to the spike-rachis after 
ae had fallen away; a species of aiae. (Lespedeza) a most 
h . 


orchid, Habenella Garberi, growing in the open sandy pine woods, 
stead of in the hammock, wher i r 
old sand- 
was the dog-fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium ). It stood out in 
i its 


es). It 
of the ast between its deep-green and the 


were buried under such a tangled mass of the parasitic vine that 
they were not only killed, but ale invisible, the skeleton of 


1 Journal of the New York B ical Jen 20 1919. 


'o fe 


201 


the shrub merely serving as a trellis for the vine which of course 
must soon also succumb for lack of nourishment. 
laces at West Palm Beach we found a mallow (Sida 


armed w: 
in continental and insular tropical America oe was discovered 
wild —natnralized— in Florida about two years ago. 

The prairie-marshes along the way exhibited ne plants that 
. aes inflorescences above the turf of grasses ca sedges. 
The the purple Trilisa, apa referred to, ellow 
ey loi. and the tall arrow-head, Sagitiaria een 

Midway between Palm Beach and Miami there occurred the 


being larger, and, further, it has more co ase of the 
tem is pink, th dle part white the upper part, the 
upper leaves, and the floral parts, are cream-colore 
e afternoon of the day of our arrival i iami region 
s spent in the cactus garden of Mr. Charles Deering. All the 
pl. under Itivation, except some of rom western 
America d an deserts, were growing ee and the 
pera ] ae ian were flourishing. One nter. 


g 
“§ 
a 
g 


of t ost i 
ing c orthy of record is that of ay giant-cactus 
(Gna a bts plants of this spec 
the deserts of Arizona and set out in ie garden last June. 

By the first part of December they had trebled in size. If this 
sh continues to thrive, as it has every appearance of doing, 
i of the most conspicuous and interesting of 
nee cultivated plants of eittens Florida. 

The following forenoon was devoted to the vicinity of Cutler, 


)s 
- i, e., anaes en masse, several months old.1. This palm 


¢ 


ie Soar at Little a aes for twenty odd years. Several isolated 
plants have bee! eee owing on the reservation of Charles Deering at Buena 
Vista os several year: 


202 


has the reputation of being difficult to transplant. However, 
although many of the main trunks of the individual plants seemed 


own. 
birds came and went on schedule time. The course of this daily 
migration is mainly - and a ae sloughs forming the head- 
waters of Taylor Rive 
day was spent in as Everglades between Royal Palm Ham- 
mock and West Lake, twenty-odd miles to the southwest of the 


hammock, or on the borderlands of the Cape Sable region. 
A few miles southwest of the hammock are two very interest- 
i he is botanical. It is the no mm in 
land it of distribution of the saw-cabb alm (Paurotis 
Wrightit), already referred to. The outposts are scattered, com 
prising isolated colonies and colonies in Everglade hammocks 
t uth, however, the palm is often the striking feature 
in the dscape. he si phenomenon is geological. It 


geological times more extensive or more limited than it is at 
the present time? 
We know that great changes have taken place in the pla 
covering of the State. There is plenty of direct evidence ce 
he white man has wrought destruction in the last few genera- 


203 


tions. We know that the Seminole Indian did his part in chang- 
ing the vegetation through his mode of life oe methods of 
We are i 


the flora. If we do not have documentary evidence in the case 


n mounds. 
question that arises, is what hand had nature in 
changing the flora? Has the land been elevated or depressed in 
i ? 


e 
lorida is well supplied with evidence of geologic seas S, 
both superterranean and subterranean. Some of the rivers of 


tured in the eastern rim of the peninsula. These would indicate 
that the land—at least on the eastern side—was formerly more 


Now let us consider certain more recent and, as it seems to 
us, more interesting evidence. 

During the last week of December 1917, I received the fol- 
lowing aca from Charles A. Mosier, custodian of Royal 
Palm State 

“Dredge on ere is about four and a half or five miles from 


the park, making slow progress. It will be two years or more 

before it will reach Cape Sable. The dredge threw up some 
n they were working las 0 f the 

engineers called it petrified cypress trees, but it looks more like 

stalactites. Some th ses must weigh a ton or more 

m anxio down wish to show them to 


e dredge referred to was one working on the extension of 
the a ore Highway which is planned to connect Miami with 
Cape 
ie of Royal Palm Hamock the oolitic limestone in 

arl of t 


most places lies a few inches b th the m airie 
The able, at its minimum, is ne a few inches b 

neath the surface of the limeston making roads in that 
part of the Everglades, a dredge excav. ae the front, 


rock in 
according to the size of the road and depth of water desired. 
The shattered rock is thrown up on one side and a substantial 


204 


road-bed and a navigable canal i from the one operation. 

In the case of the above-quoted incident, a difference in the 
rock was noticeable in drilling ee to blasting. The 
baqui i 


blast shattered the top of a su ous cavern! Stalactites 
varying from the diameter of x to over four feet were 
thrown o Unfortunately, but naturally, there were n - 
fect stalactites, as the shock of the dynamite had broken them 
into irregular sections. dipper of the dredge, terminating 
a boom nearly thirty feet long, was let down in e cavel d 
sw! ar I di s without encountering any ob- 


could only have been formed in a cavern in which the floor, or 
at least the upper portion of the cavern, was elevated above the 
water ta es 

This is only one evidence of various hidden phenomena and 
ehcaes in Florida—things submarine and things sub- 


e are ne aaa = believe that southern peninsular Florida 
was at no very remote date, geologically speaking, much more 
elevated than ‘it now is, perhaps as much as fifty feet, possibly 


vegetation of soutien Floride was at that time will remain a 
mystery forever. 
All this brings up another question: Is the Florida peninsula 


The canal and road-bed of the new highway beyond Royal 
Palm Hammock are making accessible a region hitherto un- 
visited by naturalists. 

The end of the canal at the time of our visit (December 1919) 
was in an arm of West La = es is a body of wa oe: uncertain 

Da onroe County 


of Florida. Much of that region will be readily accessible with- 


205 


in a short time and it will doubtless yield many interesting 
plants, as well as develop unusual problems. 
In former times that ‘re ens was one of favorite hunting 


e 

grounds of the Seminole India: It was a closed country to 

the white man, except t ce more i relearn aa nt 

6 le ere in search of plume-birds ne 
s meet an Indian in the m 


oes not 
in the States outside of Florida. Am other noteworthy 
finds were one of our rarer epiphytic ane (Oncidium sphace- 
latum), growing in more luxuriant masses than we have seen it 


bert Lake, where we found it several eed aoe and where it 
sometimes occurred ten or twelve feet up in the mangroves. 


ac e peni a to Fort Myers. Our co s the same 
s that described in a former paper. In , it was northward 
along the eastern coast to iter, thence northwest pale 


er, 
Hungry Land and the Alapattah Flats and the shore of L 
Okeechobee to Okeechobee City. 

the way we stopped long enough a visit ee tae! ee 


covered Indian-pipe, and a further search in the nity of o 
first discovery brought to light a eae grow ule of cae ois 
ing plant in all stages of development, from mere buds pushing 


some hae of ‘“scrub,”’ pineland, and streams bordered with 
Land i 


shal 
low ponds. Many of the ponds were inhabited by scraggy cy- 
press trees which, however, were less stunted than those occur- 


206 


ring southwest of Royal Palm Hammock referred to in previous 
papers.? 
In Cate Land the most conspicuous plant, as was the case 
on the prairies back of Sebastian, seventy-odd miles further 
t 


not winter in a technical sense, it was really the mid-winter of 
that regio: 

wever, many plants were in evidence, although not ubiq- 
a as they would be in the spring. Among others was a 
closely prostrate kind of Houstonia, perhaps new to science. 
It bears small, roundish leaves and small, slender trumpet- 


About the cypress ponds were a tall pipewort with large, 


stalk, also a bright-yellow flaveria, small oo 
ost elegant of all the southern asters, ee 
liniana, clambered up into the cypress trees, and bor serie 


of large showy heads of yellow and purple flowers. 

On the edges of the ponds one may find more or less hammock 
growth, composed chiefly of swamp-bay (Tamala), Saint John’s 
wort (Hypericum), gallberry (Ilex), queen’s-root oe 
and wax-berry (Cerothamnus), all of which w in flow 
while in the ponds, the water-lily (Castalia) an ae mie 

ish 


plumose kinds of dog-fennel were in flower, the one, 
Eupatorium capillifolium, tall and coarse in the drier places, the 
Tr i is 


The mixture of rich soil and sand thrown up from the slough 
by the dredge along the ue Lucie Canal supported a luxuriant 
— 2 herbs and vines. Asters as high as one’s head and 
a al (uptrim “apiifolinn) twelve feet tall attested 
the ae lit the 

° The ees Flea on os northern side of the Hungry Land 

1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 53. 1920; 22: ee 1921, 

? Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 30. 1921 


207 


Slough were — flowerless. After passing some temporary 
Indian camps in the hammock near the canal we again cam 
into the ae cee the two plants that were most 
visible in the failing light of the evening were the bleached skele- 
tons of a composite (Carphephorus), which is related to the 


blazing-star (Lacinaria), and a wire-gr. (Anistida simplici- 
flora), which grew in ne colonies and was cannenets in evi- 
dence on account of the persistent and t ngled masses of th 
long a f the inflorescence, ich terminat s s 


on account of be aa filling up of the lake basin by the sum- 


and fall 
The nee, morning brought us the information that 
prairies between the Kissimmee River and the C ae 
ere floode ch a depth t detour of approximatel 


face water west of Lake Okeechobee than at any time in the 
past six years. 

Consequently the expedition to the Fort Myers region was 
canceled. However, it was not the detour that decided us 
against eee ut our plans, as distance means but little 
nowadays in Florida; but the abnormally high water made the 


ture when time is available and meteoric conditions are 
more favorable. 

Asan sterntys we went to Fort ie glad which is eet 
gees of Okeechobee City, by trail twenty-odd miles dis- 
ant. The fort was located about a mile Rei a half ae - the 
3 crossing of the Kissimm 

The present owner of the site een the old fort stood, a son 


208 


of a soldier in the army during the Seminole Wars, who re- 
mained in that part of Florida, told us that when he settled 
i 


ale ee that unfortunate pe of our domestic history. 
The padi stream now usually bears the name a Taylor’s vines 

and i r the present site of Okeechobee City, which n: 
supelants ie of Tantie, the name of the canlice sees: 
ther: 


Back from the western bank of the river there is a sand ridge 
and aswamp. The ridge is covered with a scrubby growth of 


Pp wa 
(Magnolia virginiana). The trees were so tall t from a 
tance the swamp had the appearance of a aera ee 
much higher than the nee ee it is gy muc! sila 
n 


bay Sage oo those of = loblolly. bay camelia-like. There 
is often t, also, a holly (Ilex Cassine) with rich green 
leaves ae bri A red pores 


ged. The 
ood-plain was, however, not deserted. The ite that are 


209 


accustomed to grazing on the turf that covers it in periods of 

dryer weather were now standin a in ne water ig on the 

water-plants which form ed g t floa a — 
e 


the eastern side of the Kissimmee we headed tor 
Ge City. After traversing several miles of pineland 
in which there was little to attract the attention at that time 


» 
a 
lag 
oO 
i=] 
ee 
° 
= 
4 
oO 
g 

Uv 
& 
ie} 
= 
+ 
fa 
oD 
5 
2 
a. 
oO 
a 
io} 
3 


e a e wax- 
ttle, was a ee leaved holly, which andoubiedly represents 
a oe ies not hitherto recognized. 

Several low parts of the prairie, each many acres in extent, 
were covered with a pale grass with stems about a yard high 
and so closely set that the effect of a low-hanging mist was pro- 

uce 

The pomellest nOwenne pine on the ae praine was a member 
of wi eee 
(mi meaning half a flower), referring to the v -_ irregular and o 


sand. It was in full fl 
are scarcely visible without the aid oF a bends lens In stron 


plants often growing side by side. The flag, with Teves a 


lue on account of the myriads of large blue flowers which are 
borne on stems three to four feet tall. 

Four different plants of the sunflower aes were in evidence 
They represented rather closely associated era: Two were 
fleabanes (Erigeron quercifolius and E. ao eThe third was 


210 


an aster (Aster Simmondsti), and the fourth a boltonia (Bol- 
tonia diffusa). The aster and the poe resembled each 
other 80 peel in habit that it was not until the involucres and 
the fruits were examined that their a eee a were evident. 

ae hs eg erin were not ees ee herbaceous plants, 
flow of the conspicuous was a tall, 
eae pane (Solidago Re eine a grea in elon- 
gate inflorescence. It ranges from the seacoast to the interior. 
Another was a slender a ror ata (Chondrophora ae ta) 
_ a flat-topped inflorescence. In ition to these there 
was a large-headed composite (Helianthella grandiflora) resem- 
eee a sunflower. 

The ee plants then in flower were an orchid 
relative—Burmannia biflora—with short, hair-like, minutely 
eae stems ete terminated with a pair of colored but very 

mall flowers of peculiar structure, and a low-creeping spike- 


out pes the nee for 


flo he 
bore spikes of ae flowers six to ten inches lon 
ext stop was six miles further eastward in ce hammock 


J 
> 


tresses mentioned above grew here in great luxuriance and also 
another terrestrial orchid (Habenella Carbe ert). 

After a drive of six more miles we stopped to investigate a 
small low prairie where numerous but almost uniformly small- 
togethe: 


ing a close turf. Many families from the grasses to the sun- 
flowers were represented. Several interesting and critical spe- 


2if 


cies of nut-rush nein and of beak-rush (Rynchospora) were 
ea ae abun 
t three kinds eo bladderworts were there, but one, a 


Beckit and I. laciniatum,—both, however, much smaller ae 
than the Ibidium cernuum mentioned above. 

n a prairies the pond-cypress (Taxodium Ss 
replaces the ee ae (Taxodium distichum). everal 
ie we learned from observation that the twigs role! 


Y 
where both species are hardy, although a oa consider- 
ably north of their natural geographic lim 
After a series ol prairies were cr sian we came to the pine- 
lands and then to the “scrub” on some of the dunes of which 
ort Pierce is oe be aia at Fort Pierce we 
reached Miami in the ev 


ne met with _ separa and have ani impo ortant bearing 


udie 
will un h ne a fies a 
The Deering Snapper Creek hammock! was once one of the 


? This hammock has rece! es become the property of Mr. Charles Deering 
k tler, 


and is being kept in its natural condition, The Deering hammoc at Cut 

the monarch m nae of the Everglades Keys, referred to on b. 
alee page, is also being maintained by Mr. Deering in its natural state 
P Key, one of the uni — of the reef, is also maintained in 


state - nature by Mr. Dee 


212 


Meccas of the Miami region, and is just as beautiful as formerly, 

so far as its vegetation is concerned. Furthermore, it con- 
tains the lar — st ce tree yet observed. The trunk-diamete- 
is about twenty-seven inches. There in the vicinity of this 
tree the hie tropical filmy-fern (Trichomanes punctata) was 
found in the continental United States nearly twenty years 
ago. 


efore the drainage fever became epidemic and rampant 
among the inhabitants of southern Florida, this hammock had 
charms in addition to i 


art Oo} 
which, at least, emerged in a boiling spring. Both streams were 
part of the natural drainage of the Everglades. Nowa dra 

ditch has lowered the water table beneath the bed of the stream, 


ream. Th hee vicinity of dee spring ae once occurred the 


st 
largest wild or semi-wild avocado trees (Persea Persea) and 
mi L ida 


generations. It is remarkable how conscientious! 
formly in pioneers wrought this eae seeing 5 jus 


“» 
5 
T 


1 This hammock i is being mainta ined i in its age oe by Mr. \ 


Ir. $ 
part of the fast disappearing Brickell hammock from devastation 


213 


as : it were one of the federal requirements for getting title to 
the land. 

a hammock of the Everglade Keys has one or more pecul- 
iar features in its vegetation. In the Matheson hammock 


there of a vi culiar fern, a spleenwort 
(Asplenium serratum), with large simple leaves one to three 
feet lo ock represents the center of development 
of the fern. isis is a more copious growth of it here than in 
all tl rglade Keys togethe 


othe of the Everglade put 
and this incality ae represents the first place where the 
fern was discovered this side of the Gulf Stream, nearly half a 
century ago. 
Fourteen miles of the barrier beach north of Miami were 


with those of the Bahamian flora an r examining 

pears (Opunt There are numerous individually interesting 
kinds of flowering plants on the dunes b h 

Bay Biscayne comprising both rare and mic species. The 


two most evident areas of plant associations were the wind- 
swept dunes on the ocean side and the mangrove hammock on 
the bay side. On the one hand the land was high and the shrubs 
and trees low, and on the other, land was low and the trees high. 
The most striking growth there is the mangrove hammock 
along the bay and the smaller lagoons. By a combination of 
the an of the land and the sweeping action of the 
winds, the mangroves are like a giant hedge. Starting low a 
the inner edge of the dunes, they slope gradually upward or 
: ad 3 


conspicuous in the foreno rubber-vin ne, 


ties were transferred for three days to several of the keys of the 


214 


Florida oa We had the advantage of Mr. Hugh Matheson's 
ast r-boat ‘“Naisha’’ which Mr. Matheson navigated 
ee A settlement sees ee on Upper Mate- 
cumbe ~ was our first objec 
0: pper Matecumbe ate Nala plants were not 
Two note 


ssion e 
iba the flo ra of the Florida Keys, and the other, 


many years ago, but not since found in the United States. 
recent years, however, it was discovered in the Bahamas and 
in Cuba. 
During the first evening on the key we received a report of a 
palm 


regia). This palm was found for the first tim 


where it was a discovered about the beginning of the eigh- 
ee 
ave ee of the palms we found an abundance ofa West- 


ously collected in Florida only on Elli ott pean ap specimens 
of t sum (Koniga m 


been blown from nearby gardens during storms, and which had 
later sprung up in this truly maritime locality. 

After settling the palm question we transferred our activities 
to Lignum-Vitae Key, which lies in Barnes Sound inside of and 
between the two Matecumbe Keys 

A complete history of this palm will appear in a subsequent number of 
Re Journal. 


215 


ignum-Vitae Key was inhabited many tet ago, as is evi- 

denced by curious ruins, stone fences, and wells, and by exotic 

trees. One of the latter, a giant tamarind pe hete indicus) 
e 


ock, aro edge: 
(Jacquinia eas was in full ae and the ene filled the 
air with a delicious fragrance resembling that of the tropical 


e 
Along he prairie-like areas, between = cae and ae 
the wild cotton trees (Gossypium), everbloo: and e 
fruiting, ae the dildoe a ee ey ne ae 
ing, together made tangled thickets. There we solved the 
origin of the specific name of the dildoe, owed pentagonus i. €., 
five-angled. Almost invariably the mature stems of this cactus 
are stout and three-angled or three-sided, ase the seedling 
plant starts with a slender, several ribbed shoot. The specimens 


Qu 
oo 
Be 


fou 
stem, even if it is an exceptional condition. An 
Lignum-Vitae Key, following many years of observations and 


with pineapples. Others of the Florida Keys were profitable 
pine-apple plantations in those days, before the lower eastern 


216 


coast of the anaes was readily accessible. The industry was 
la os transferre d to the mainland on the vast stationary sand 


ound. 
Upper Matecumbe Key is now largely planted with lime trees, 
n 


tly a ive. e e 

e occurrence of the e cactus, Cephalocereus Deeringii, on 
that island by the finding of a single flower on one of the large 
specimens. This plant was oe on Upper Matecumbe 
Key several years ago, but not until our visit was a flower ob- 
taine 

One of our endemic boneset relatives pee Pelee grew 
plentifully on both Upper Matecumbe Key and Lignum-Vitae 

i 


little oe brushes. On the keys the plant is mostly only knee- 
a but in the Cape ee region, on the mainland, it ofte 
grows up to six or eight fee 
t was unanimously ae to devote the forenoon of our 
t day on the Keys to an examination of Indian Key. This 
historic island is on ie reef outside of the main line of keys and 


opposite the interval separating Pp atecumbe and Lower 
t s. i ae in outline and com- 
prises about six acre ort-of-entry. The island 


became notable ioe a eee a the subsequent sik 
of Henry Perrine,’ who settled there in 1838, making it both 

1 Henry Perrine was born April 5, 1797, at New Brunswick, New Jerse 
In youth he taught a school at Rocky Hill, — J., then studied medicine at 
Philadelphia. After five years (1819-24) as a physician at Ripley, Illinois, 


Ss : 
himself with great singleness of a to securing for transportation to the 
f economic value. This was peculiarly difficult, 
because the local officials were alee much oppose he export of livi 


popular physician in the region ne i‘ was able to overcome the obstacles 
it ay. 10 return to the United State 1837, he spent 
six months at Washington pressing his claims for Congressional assistance 
is schemes for ae i — mn and propagation of tropi in the 


, he recei g 
cayne Bay, Florida, the fee occasioned by the Seminole War, 


U19.f  “}ISSUT 9a 
ul umoys Ajareyd arou st yoga jo ainjonijs aut ae 301 esi aovyans au “uotsora jo sassao0id aud paysisos sey yey} Yoo! 
jo a1oo prey e syuasaidar [e}sapad aYL *98[qGe}-197eM ayy jo suolenjony yeuosvas ayy 4q Ajureur peAowal pue Pepols uvaq sey 
jo doy ay} Aq ‘Ajayewrxordde ‘paquasasdas ‘uojsau] 31y1]00 Jo 1aAe] WOJTUN aUIT}-aU0 BY, ‘punosZyOe UT 
(snunpogoskay) ‘umdeoo09 - jo ajsunt !punoigaio} ul jod-1aMoy pue [eisapad yoor jemmyenNY “JajIND ‘yoowwey Sulsaaq uy 


Soz aLVIg NAGUY5 TWOINVLOG NYO MAIN AHL 40 TwNunof 


217 


temporary residence and a nursery, pending the end of the Sem- 
inole Wars, when he contemplated moving to a large grant of 
a Bef i 


long prepared and cherished plans, he was murdered by a band 
of intoxicated Indians who were being oo“ southward by 
the advance of the white man’s civilizatio 

Only three things remain on the key to ee the improve- 
ments of a century ago. They are the masonary foundations 
of the former buildings, some “commonly cultivated copie! 
trees, and, what is much 
of the sisal (A gave rigida) plans i Dr. Perrine evidently intro- 


fe) toc 
The stone slabs once placed near the middle of the key t 
mark the graves of Perrine and others, intact until quite a 


Several modern en ses, now deserted and not only un- 
protected, but paiok of their contents, ready to be con- 
sumed with the first fire that sweeps the island, stand on the 
higher part of the key. 

We returned to Upper Matecumbe Key at noon. Our plan 
to stop on Tea-table Key, which lies near ae outer side of Upper 


time ache la 
“Na isha” eal ing ne ae run ne eighty- odd nile: in an 
hours and twelve minutes. 

The day following our return from the Keys was devoted to 
collecting oe plants in the Deering hammock at Cutler. 
The moister parts of this hammock yielded numerous species 
of ae hepatics, and m 

he erosion of the Pa. in the lower parts of this ham- 
mock is eat from that of any of the other hammocks of the 
Everglade Keys. The rock is a very pure limestone, with 
scarcely any sand in its composition. In ordinary rainy sea- 
then in progress, prevented him from occupying his grant. He did settle 
pti ver upon tl the saccades island, Indian Key, where he was killed by 
August 7, 1840. ie killing him, oe Indians 
rned his house, destroying all hi ip is nied 
ale and he might h if he had not t | de the India 
from doing harm.—John Hendley Barnhart. 


218 


sons the water-table rises, cas water fills the area to a depth 
of two or three feet. The water is essentially stationary some- 
times for fee ian _ Whatever movement th is, i 


oO 
o 
a 
3 
oe) 
faa 


f 
is as Ss per alee mo of the water that causes the 
curious, ie fantastic, meee i? erosion. nett the max- 
imum duration of submergence is near the floor of the hammock, 
so that the water charged with the acids of teats vegetable 
matter and with carbon dioxide works longer oe ie on 


e. 
uneven structure of the rock, hard and soft, re- 


he rock. The floo 
covered with humus onal from a. paces Peet 
vegetable matter. 

Upon returning to Miami that aos it was decided t 
start north along the eastern coast for o days’ excursion, 
particularly for further studies in cacti ee wild. -pepper ate 
for a rapid survey of the vegetation along the way, for photo- 

graphy, and to prosecute some scout work for future ae 

ations. 

= traveled as far as Stuart tSpies a and ran into a 
“norther, Being uncomfortably cool we stopped there and 
helsing ourselves to some unoccup: ied rooms in the principal 
hotel we spent the rest of the night comfortably 

Early in the morning we set out for - hamm: un along Saint 
Lucie Sound in order to get a photograph of a wild-pepper 
plant (Peperomia Meals however, ae strong gale of the 

norther’’ which was against us decided us to drive on to Day- 
ne where we aie just before sunset 


219 


All the way from Fort Pierce to Daytona the effect of the chill 
of the ‘‘norther” could be seen on the flowers of the moon-vine. 


during the night in which it oul normally o: 
Neral aine the fact that winter acne Leaieua 
generally, technically or according to the almanac w. had 
t 3a 1 


glory, and in addition, a score of spring-flowering herbs were 
associated with it. The spruce- pine “(Pinus ae had come 
into flower during ihe two ee interval since we had passed 
through the same country, and iS yellow flower-cones were in 
prominent clusters among the leaves. 
A scattering of tropical shrubs was observed along the lagoons, 
oO b bl 


= 
“2 
a | 
© 
3 
& 
n 
ct 
> 
o 
3 
is 
ion” 
ce 
a5 
¢ 
_~ 
3 
i=] 
8 
8 
a 
is 
Q 
= 
iy 
i=] 
jan 
ect 
=a 
o 


€ 
myrsine (Rapanea). The former ae occurred as far north 
as Daytona. 
n this ride two things conspired to make one think he was 
£ 0: 


stiff bre f th rr” , the pies plants of the 
tropical ae -vine (Mikania cndfoli suggested, especially 
when one was half numb as a f riding against the cold 


wind, the ice vines of the virgin- eae (Clematis virginiana) 
of the North. 
One quite unusual sight presented itself at several places on 


the old dunes which formerly had been under cultivation as 
pineapple fields. A fern had become a rampant weed. Ma 
acres of former fields had been taken possession of by the oe 


220 


(Pteris cee which nue there to the a ae a pea all 
other vegetation. 


sedge. From New 


land to near Melbourne, where bisa is a little hammock abou 
the m a - Crane Creek. Thence southward we find et 
of Rab ” and small hammocks ie ce hammocks at the mouth 
of Turke 


s labar 
here is ‘‘scrub” ow oak hammock. Thence southwar 
alternating pin and “scrub” with a hammock about six 
al 


aan 

Below Grant there is some hammock, then about a mile o 

“scrub” and some hammock Hear ie araee| mile post south 

of Melbourne. Again, some “scrub” and then ae hammocks 

about the ae = a River about eighteen miles 

outh of the Sebastian River, 
mi 


land and hammock reaches the lagoon. ‘“Scrub”’ is in evidence 
or predominates thence to Fort Pierce. 


savaddesip suonemosse jue Sutjsasajqut ‘uononsysap Wey} YA 


‘JeIW9}eUI_ Pos 40} UO UMEIP Butaq aie spunow ayy 
Ajayeunjyioyuy, “way. ae sey Jey} UoIeIasea ay) Jo Avoap oy} WOIy paaliap sniumy ay) pue Rien - ae ‘yeoo1eyo 
epee T Sqpoy: Y} WiOl} apise 193}; eUl Ajuo ay} +}los Jo ploAap pue “Y paraA0o 318 
AYL 1 3235 


@ WOdj azis ul AeA 
injp 


“ePHOL AT, jo $3SB09 aut “Buoje 390 wayjo  saursi0ge jo snoazapual 10 suorjeyqey ‘qt “Buljuasaadaz ‘youoo pur ‘weyo ‘103840 
‘JIA XEP|EE UO uapprur-jjays [eursiioqe jo sureway 


Ajureut ‘says Jo suoneNwunssy = ‘payseay aouo ueU-pal ay) aJ04,L, 


99% ALVIg NAGUVYD IVOINVLOG HYOA MAN AHL JO TYNUNO[ 


221 


outh of Fort Pierce hammock appears again and extends 
along the shores of Saint Lucie Sound for a distance of about 
i miles. Some of this ha 


Q 
7 
a 
a8 
fo) 
fe) 
z 
y 
3 
| eh 
> 
o 
2) 
o 
= 
=] 
a 
c 
° 
2 
oO 
es 
= 
oO 
5 


of pinel. and “ pian ” with the pines—Pinus clausa 
an : eh ce) 


dale mocks of New River give way to pinelands and 
these, about two miles south o e town, are bordered with 
wide marshes. A t about miles north of 


Miami m , pinel; except 
along the aoe creeks, ahh ay are fordered by 
hammock. 


The time of our visit to Florida was naturally the dullest 


222 


season of the year, as far as flowering plants were concerned. 
It was just between the end of the fall flowering season and the 
i ring. cour: 


he flora of the Everglades is at the best limited and never 
Sasa showy. That of the pinelands in spring and 
copious and usually very brilliant. However, there 
is one oe locality where i. co will find many plants 


in flower at any season of the It is the borderland where 
the pinelands and the Eve meee meet. here one is sure to 
find plants to interest hi , at a prairie-like area along the 


ppe many pale heads, 
its large numbers, it stood out in strong contrast ae all the 


tation 

any genera were € represented by a single eat some by 
more than one species. Several of the more conspicuous plants 
fell into genera ae pairs; for example, there were na kinds of 
panic-grass (Panicum), two galingales (Cyperus), two spike- 
rushes (Eleocharis), two nut-rushes Cee. two blazing- 
stars (Lacinaria), two flea-banes (Erigeron), goldenrods 

j ch 


~ 
g 
& 
a 
ve 
S 
» 
cory 
3 
3 
& 
i § 
mn 
a 
mh 
o 
0 
io 
© 
3 
® 
7) 
~ 
3% 
4 
Q 


e 

uch of interest has been lost from - Heterte trails of 
Florida. An infinite interest yet remain 

Joun K. SMALL 


223 
THE PALM COLLECTION 


During and after the recent reconstruction of the roof of the 


s ly obtained i 
change with other gardens and partly by plants ane ig 


ark Station of the Third sine Railroad. There are many 
noteworthy and perfect specim 

The two tallest specimens are a = thery Cocos from Brazil, 
reaching a height of forty feet and a Corozo Palm (Acrocomia) 
from Porto Rico, its Pee a foot in diameter, entirely covered 
with black, sharp s 

The most ee one  aedee the large dome is a date 
palm, each of its ten-foot leaves ahaa nearly to the 
Two sturdy companions of this are a pair of Phoenix ee 


palm of India, Arenga saccherifera, which is of economic im- 
portance there. will also be found under the big dome. Starting 
up the sides of this huge glass house are now many young climb- 


smaller specimens, many of them rare. Here may be seen the 
Wax Palm from Brazil, with waxy white under-surfaces of 
leaves; this palm will be one of the most striking in the collec- 

tion in future years. 
In House 13, the eastern egret dome, are two notable 
ne is of our American Desert Palm, Neo-IV 


ern California; another of the Chinese Fan Palm, the leaves 
measuring five feet across. In this house also will be found the 
tallest ae of Porto Rico, the Plume Palm, which was brought 


224 


CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER AND 
DECEMBER 


The November Conference of the Sree Staff and Regis- 
tered Students of the Garden was nee the museum building 
on the afternoon of November 2nd, 
Two ae were pias one fa r. Arthur Hollick and 
one by Dr. F. J. Sea who have sabe the following ab- 
stracts of their preenen 


‘A REVIEW OF THE FossiL FLORA OF THE WEST INDIES” 
Dr. ARTHUR HOLLICK 


Very little is known about the fossil flora of the West Indies. 


mens; references to leaves and ot plants are to be 
found mostly in connection with descriptions of Santo Domingo 
and Trinidad; the algae are fro t , Anguilla, Saint 


Martin Ta of 

of a descriptive oe as eae ee upon iden 
fications of fossil lea 

In the Muesum of. i New York Botanical Garden we have 
collections of well defined, identifiable leaves from three locali- 
ties in Cuba, from three in Porto Rico, from three in Trinidad, 
and from one in Santo Domingo. Those from Cuba, Porto 
Rico, and Trinidad were all collected within the past six years 
The collection from Santo Domingo, consisting of seven speci- 
mens only, Wm. M. Gabb, in 1868, and was only 
recently brought to light while I was engaged in a search for all 
available material representing the West Indian fossil flora. 
The Trinidad specimens were collected, in part by Dr. 
Britton in 1920, and in part by Gilbert Van Ingen in 1921. The 

1 Berry, E. W.: tale Fossil roe pe fed Dominican Republic. U. 
S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 59: 127, pl. 


225 


o Rico specimens were collected by Bela Hubbard in 1915, 
ae to the geological survey of the island under the joint 
m. 


Leon and ee in se 


ed r 
The geologic pee be all the Sanat is ahi Tertiary 
robab. e Tri 


The Porto Ric cimens are ly Eocene. 

dad and Santo ae ae a r to ‘e more ete 
probably Miocene he Cuban specimens are the most recent 
and may represent, at least in part, merely remains of the veg- 


etation now in existence there, inne with calcareous tufa. 
“ PRELIMINARY NOTES ON TRINIDAD FuNGI” 
By Dr. F. J. SEAVER 
During the six weeks spent in Trinidad, six hundred and forty 
seven collections of fungi were obtained. In addition to these 
a small collection of slime moulds was made which collections 
were unnumbered, not knowing in what condition they would 
arrive. When divided up into exchange sets there will be more 


than two thousand specimens. 
Trinidad is very rich in fungi in general, but very poor in cer- 


kno 

obtained, among them Peziza badia which was found bun- 

dance in an oo dd pit where clay is burned to be used for 

surfacing the 

on the other hand, are abundant and 

many of them very different from the forms which occur in the 
Of the Hypocreales, a number of species of Hypocrella 

were collected. This genus is of interest for two reasons: In 


o 
‘< 
3 
© 
3 
° 
S 
< 
fe) 
oe 
o 
Bu 


226 


the first place, it represents the perfect stage of the genus 
Aschersonia and several papers have recently been published 
on this phase of the question. In ext place bo ‘ypo- 


and may be undescribed. Others are oe American species 
not ators represented in our collec 
large number of wood ae were es most of which 
been determined by Dr. W. A. Murrill. A few are 
ay South American, a occurring in the North and can 
he ee only by comparison with South American ma- 


Peau attention was given to the collection of the 


mad 
one species, four of which are new, and sever. a others rare. A 
: ; D 


oa 
oO 


ycolo e 
made, one hundred and oe of se ie already been ex- 
ata for an equal number of tropical rusts collected by Dr. 
. W. D. Holway. 

Poh re nes is entirely preliminary since many of the collec- 
tions of ascomycetes have not yet been studied critically. 


e December conference of the Scientific Staff and registered 
students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of December 
th. 


rs. E. G. Britton gave an interesting discussion of her ex- 
fended studies of the mosses of Cuba, Haiti, and Trinidad. 
Numerous specimens were exhibited, particularly of the genera 
of pleurocarpous mosses. 

Amo 


ng them were included type specimens of several new 


227 


ee including Daltonia and Stenodictyon. Further notes 
the species of Rhacopilopsis from Trinidad, French Guiana 
a Africa were shown and it was stated — the variations 
were such as to scarcely be peas! distin 
. Britton exhibited a ferns ee aowerne plants 
Ca 


4 
e 


the he can aoe which he finds consists of about fifty species of 


plants. Dr. Britton made special mention of the genus Robin- 


interest to the flora, which includes many species growing there 


only. 

Dr. Skottsberg has also visited Easter island, which lies still 
mea to the West, for the purpose of special study of its vege- 
tatio: 


A. B. Stout. 
Secretary of the Cae 


NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT 


Greatly needed repairs were made this fall on the central 
dome of Conservatory Range No. 1 and were ame com- 
pleted just before the cold weather icles in. Afte 
ty years of exposure to the warm, sissies any Hf 

ec S 


in which the glass is set and repaint the Ae work of the entire 
lower dome. Much broken glass also had to be replaced. The 
work required the labors of some 12 or men for a period of 
about seven weeks 

mmencement has been made this autumn in bringing 
eee an extensive ie of Paeonias in the Horticultural 
Garden on land west of the principal plantations of Iris. ote- 
worthy gifts of plants for this purpose have been received from 


228 


Mrs. Edward Harding, being roots of fifty choice, recently de- 
veloped varieties, which have been planted in a plot by them- 
si a 


selves, a venty-five plants contributed by Mrs. Charles 
D. Dickey, planted in another rs. Harding, who is a 
high authority on Paeonias. Ss given u e as to 


meal fertilizer required was given by The American Agricul- 
tural Chemical Company. 


ut 500 es pupi ils of Evander Childs High School 
nd 7. 


December 6 an 
r. Hastings gave a lecture on forestry, and considerable at- 
tention was devoted to the museum and greenhouse collections 
under the guidance of members of the staff 


Dr. L. O. abd ae of the ee maa College, spent 
the latter half of December at the Garden, completing his study 
of Pholiota, an important genus of fle a fungi, for early 
publication in North American Flor. 


The following visiting scientists have registered i in the library 
a the autumn: Mr. D 


wn 
» 
=] 
> 
@ 
= 
"= 
rE 
= 
® 
S 
= 
S 
N 
ue) 
a 
5 


.; Prof. C. C. ce. Ann ‘Arbor. Mich; "Mr. John : 
Arthur, Yonkers, N. Y.; Prof. W. W. Rowlee, Ithaca, N. Y.; Rev. 


Mase Dr. Ralph E. Cleland, Balemiore: Md.; Dr. Edgar T 
.J.N. Ro ohn 


da Mr. G. Hamilton eae Jr., Dr. Perley Spauldine: 
Mr. Maurice Ricker, Washington, D. C.; Mr. A. A. Pearson, 

ieee British My eleeia aa “Mlle. Sophie cet ae 

Germany, and Prof. N. T. Vavilov, Petrograd, Russia. 


Bley i November: The total precipitation for the 
4.60 inche: 


nth w 
The maximum eae ratures recorded for h k were as 
follows: 63° on the Ist, 64° on the 7th, 70° on the 18th, and 58° 
on the e minimum temperatures were: 30° on the 


22n 
6th, 28° on the 13th, 32° on the 16th and 28° on on the 26th. 
Meteorology for December: The total precipitation for the 


229 


month was 3.19 inches, of which 0.85 inches (8 and 14 inches by 
h 


The first ice of the autumn formed across the middle 
ike | in the night following the 4th 
pean ie the year 1921: The total precipitation for the 
the York 


Botanical Garden was inches. 

is was pee by months as follows: January, 2.39 inches 
(includ c now measurement): February, 3.23 (in- 
cluding 16 inches snow measurement); rch, 2.22; April 
3.21; May, 2.62; June 3.02; July, 1.76; August, 4.73; September, 
3.35; October, 0.58; November, 4.60 (including a trace of snow); 
December 3.19 (including 8 and 14 inches m ent) 


; anu ‘he 
first killing frost of the autumn was on the morning of the 26th 
of October, when a temperature of 2934° was recorded. The 
latest freezing temperature of the spring was on the morning of 
the 12th of April, when a temperature of 30° was recorded. 


ACCESSIONS 


84 specimens of fossil plants from anne hed Indies. (Collected by 


Dr. N. L. Britt tton n and incaags uber t van Ing 
Tex xas, By exchange with Professor 


Albert Ruth.) 
347 specimens of ferns from Haiti. (By exchange with the United States 
National Museum. 
150 Lanier of fossil plants from Brazil. 
J.C. “Bra er.) 


(By exchange with Professor 


ph of th P (By exchange 


with the United States “National annie 
7 tographs of specimens of cactaceae. (Acquired from Mr. N. E. 
ed specimens of mosses from Haiti. (By exchange with the United States 


im 
eee Museum. 
6 specimens of Rubus, Viburnum, Tilia, and Amelanchier from the southern 
he.) 


United States. (By exchange with Mr. W. W. As! 


230 


specimens of ferns Ha various localities. (By exchange with the 
ae is National Museum.) 


S Island, New York. (Given 


yy De Britton.) 
cimens ] eee (2 photographs). (By exchange with the United 
goes National Museum.) 


INDEX 


Abortiporus distortus 117 
mee aes 99 
Acacia hispidissima 90 
ralehella 0 
Acanthocereus peniagonus 21, 51 
canthus family 96, 97 
Accessions, see X. oy Botanical Gar- 


Acer 27, 194 
rubrum 144 
natin 22. 


Pi 169 
Adonis amurensis 91 
Agari 25 
Agati 19 
ane 49 

gida 217 
Air- plants 213 
Aiton, W. 127, a 
Ake! ie ey, Cc. EL 
Alchornea gendutos 96 
ie B. R. 


64, 65 
Alligators 168 
Alling, C. L. 139 


170 
Alnus linge 193 
Alpine flor: re me Canadian Rocky 
Mou ny 


he EF. “vu 


Alpinia 1 aa 
Amelanchier 26 
AMEs, O. id 


seum, 102 
Ames, Oakes 48, 108 
Amorpha 


escens 59 
ceolanata 199 


pi 
Aphanocapsa Cate. 66 
panera 
26 


Aquilegia alee Aid 170 
Arabis lyrata 169 


Arenga saccherifera 223 
Arist implicifiora 207 
Armi mellea 
Aroids 67 
Arrabidaea cgiaha 97 
Arrow-heads 33, 2 
Arrow-root, Bosida 121, 132 
Artemisia Stelleriana 175 
hur, J. C. 226 
hur, M. 2 
um 


met 


serratum 


Aisin. Fie apie 169 
Aublet 1 


ia. 
Avocado trees 
Azalea 27, 90, 184, 185, 187,§188, 189 
nudiflora 
occiden: ane 


Baccharis heh te 195 
Bactris m 


Bailey, Miss, E. Z 95 
Bailey, J. W. 228 
Bailey, H 

Balat I 


in, W. ta: 125, 126, 129, 136, 


Bally-boo 1 
Balsa 75, Os 77 


231 


232 


poe ae 
i 37 
een eee eee 201 
Barbarea 26 
Barnuart, J.H. Biographical notes 
» II, 34, 51, 12 125 126, 127, 
130, 131, 132, 
Barnhart, 
Publications ‘during 1920, 78 
*Barraguda”’ 
Barrus, M 
Bartra 


ala of wary Kingsland 15 
Berry, E. 


Berserace 
Bee popu ‘Polia 193 
Bid 


Blue-curls I 


luteu. 
Boltonia aifita 210 
Bombaca: 75, 76 
Bombax 7 
ai putcicn 75 
Bonnets 27 
Bonsets 31 
Borraginaceae 75 
Botanical collecting in French 
Guiana 
Botanizing in British Guiana 161 
Bowlegs, B. 61 
Box-huckleberry 168, 170 


Boynton, K. K. 
Pubcations duee 1920 78 
Brake 2 
Bravassia 97 
Bray, bia 4l, oe 
Bri J. R. 
“The ce fearden shelter (pl. 
Brinton, ae 
aren ‘Guiana, Botantiing in 161 
E.G. Preservation of our 
ce) 
G. 67, 93, 94, 110, 226 
Publications during ye. 79 
Britton Dr. Pennell’s new 


studies in 
ceorge Valentine Nash (Pl. 261) 


ioe arican Brown 110 
William Harris 13 


_ Fig. 1) 73 
vue N Le: he 6%, 110, 177, 178, 


- 
wee ms “durin 
itton an sa Millepeneke Publications 


Publications dur- 
votes collect- 
"96, too, IOL, 102 


99 
Broiichiacese 179, 180, 183 
Bromeliads 62 


Broomall, J. J. 139 
Brown, Miss M. S. 93 
re N ae 102 

Bro Ss. 

Brownell, L. W. 40, 115 
Buckthorn 215 

Buffalo- 


Button-wood 58 


Cabbage palm 95, 125, I 
Cal sbbage- tree palm 27, 39, i 58, 197, 


Cac 

ponte punta 125 
Calico-bush 26 
Callirrhoé 118 
aera 99 


S90 
Caleta ‘lla A 
‘ampylo, ie 


cans aly 40 
Canavalia 180 
Canby, M.1 
Candi d 
Canna flaccida 19 
Cannon-ball tree 183 
Cara; uianensis 182 


Getnip 170 38 

Cat as a 

Ge Gi ils 

Cavanillesia 75, 76, 77 
eager ae 77 
opia 


Ceiba 75, 7 
Cenchrus carolinianus 49 
echinatus 4 

Cer other ges 169 

Centropogo: 

Century- ce S$ 49 

Cephalo adie Deeringti 51, 216 
Sede _ 


Reyens: 
Ceratiola e: S29, 2 
Ceretonthes ol palmata ns 


ereus 


fia or 
ee 
Chancellor, J. 1 
anechad cco a 
Chapman, A. W. values of I 
Chap a A. W. 


233 
Chapman, F. 


emiflosculare 211 
Ciez oases palmate 212 
Cherry garden shelter 109 


ina berry 

Chinese Fan Palm 223 
Chionodoxa Luciliae 90 
Chocolate tree 67 


Chrysopsis 100 
Chr: suns 88 


‘usiformis 72 
Clearwater, A. T. 107 
Cleland, R. 228 


Chi 

Climbing s ing neitle 180 
ace 

Coca 91 

Coce bebe fallax 99 


Coccothrinax 95 
Coe. 


Collectors 
Barney, R. L. 
ae Mrs. N. AL. 22, I9I 192 
Britton, N. L. 22, 142, 176, 192, 
ae 
ii 


Holmes, J. A. 143 
Kimball, ‘Mr. 24 
Kimball, W. 175 
Maxon, W. R. 19: 
Pennell, F. W. 23, 24, 176 
Pittier, H. 
Purpus, C. A. 119 

pp, S. 17 
Rost, F. C. 17 
Rusby, H. pe 

aver, F, J. 116, 117 
Small, J. K. 22, 24h Pa 144, 175 
Southwi ick, E. Be 


Stevens, F. i 
Tharp, B. C. 


Vat Ingen, G. 229 
Williams, R. S. 117 
Wilson, P. 24 


Conti, Seminole bread 121 (PI. 258, 


Conti Chatee 133 
ses teka Bee 135 


et 
Cras 


ae officinalis a 
Mas 90 


palm 223 
arripioke littoralis 120 
OnE ir 


a8 


ade, L. 
affodils 9 
ahlia bi 


cer 
bor: The 1921 139 
ahlia ieee 143 
ahliade! Pe agg 139 
143 


ahlia re 

ainty aa is 
altonia 

aly, C. P. 11 
aly, Mari: 


ennsieatia i eaipetiaes 169 
141 


ee 


5 
morphandra excelsa 101 
fe 


ropogon usneoides 56, 62, 197 


ryptosoon 8 Onadea me fi a 4 

( be eave sunflower 62 ospyros Mos sp. 33 
up fang ee carthageniensis 19 
ante Mrs. S. T. 139 Divan Tongiotion 94 
Senge grins 35, 49 Dodder 29, 2! 

cad 1 Dodecatheon ‘Media 17 
cadaceae ee Dodonaea Ehrenbergit 50 
Cus Dog-f 1 00, 206 
Ci lepers Greenei 72 Dogw 
ylindrospermum catenatum 66 Donor: 
94 


mbopetalum ‘Alexander, J. K. 23 
moxylon 27 Alling, C. L. 23, 143 
perus 222 Andrews, D. M. 144 
Blodgettit 214 Arnold, H. A. 23 
Le Contei 62 Ashe, W. 22 
ollardé 214 Barnhart, P. D. 69 
anne a Barrow, Miss M. 69 
Cyrille Barsett, Mrs. 144 
Baber 167 Becker, H. W. 22, 143 
Beekley, W. 69 


Dacoma 167 


Bixby, W. G. 119, 144 


ell, t A. 
onstable, Mr. F. A. en 


175 
shlindel Nurseries 23, 143 
ae farm 143 

, D. 


enslow, H. M. 118 , I9r 
eat ne C. D. 176 


urand, H. 69 
ton, Miss M. E, 22 
ckert, E. 6 


H. 
Im City Nursery Co. ie 175 
ngle, J. _ & Son 

. H. 144, 76 
clicws: Mrs. 


f 4 


ey, 

ryer, W. ‘e 176 

arden club oe ‘Ridgewood 143 
ood & Rees Co. 


roachnier, “a WwW 


SO 
ones, jy. F. 


Bro. 24, 1 
A. ELL 


artin, lw 

atheson, W. i a 23, 143, 144. 
cCarthy, J. 144 

cCoy Nut Nurseries 144 
cKinney, ‘Mrs . CLS. 24, 144 


ount Dee Nurseries 68 
ovilla Gardens 175 
Ww. 


ohr, 175 

elson, J. - 70, 120 

ickel, J. 6 

isbett, C. t. 119 

rton, W. A. 

ckman, Mrs. E. 176 


lympton, G. H. 1 


‘omeroy & Fischer 70 


‘oole, E. W. 24 

resby, F. H. 24, 142 
urdy, C. 68 

ait, Mrs. +S. 2 
ansier, H. E. 14: 

app, S. 176 

au, A. 19: 

ockwell, Mrs. E, F. 24 
olfs, P. H. 1 

owlee, W. 11g 


H. + 24 6s é¢ 


locombe, 
ith, GC. ons 
G. N. 142 


He 


mopli: 5 

homas, Mrs, T. 22 
ompson, W. B. 22, 143 
illes, G. 

a Cleve, 


ttt tt tt a A VL 
st ot st 0 


t, Tr 4 R. an a4 oer 143 
‘on on Vilmoreky, F. F. 
eatherby, C. A. we 
elleck, M. 
erry, 


J 

3 

8 eeeeeece 
ana 


Dorstenia contrajerva 20 
Dothichloe strangulans 116 
Doty, A. E. 139 

Dove, E. 1 

Dracaena 143 


indivisa 175 
ne marginalis 169 
Dudley, W. R. 73 


236 


J. ne to grow Rhodo- 
ndrons 
Dutchman’s ees 42 


, SF, 


eae 
de 


107 
Ww. 115, 160, 228 


Ellis, J. 
Ellwanger, G. i 185, 186 
ae 27 
Eimerus 


19 
Boise Ss. 


fra. en 180 


ibid Hine 209 

vernus 20! 
Eriogonum Allenii 170 
Erythronium 11 
Erythroxylon ovatum 99 


120 
capillifolium oa 200, 206 
leplophslom 
Eu srl 


oa 
ei Childs High School pupils 
22 
Evening primrose 169, 170, 171 
Evergreen wood-fern 169 
Exchanges 


al 

Ames, O. 

Andrews, A. Le R. 70 
Anderson, J. P. 118 
Ashe, W. W. 229 
Ballon, W. 

Barnard College 22 
Barrows, Miss V. 72 
Bathusa, Mr, 142 
Bethel, E. 70, Il 
Blaine, B. 


Bot. Garden, Bere: Switzerland 


Botanic Garden, Brooklyn 191 

Bot. Garden, Edinbur; gh, Scot- 
land 69 

Ber. cries Glasnevin, Dublin 


237 


ae oo Gothenburg, Swe- 


ine " Garden, Groningen, Hol- 
land 6 
Bot. Garden, La Mortola, Italy 


» 142 
Pee en Lyons, France 69, 
I 
Bot. Garden, Ottawa 
Bot. Garden, Oxford 1. 
Bot. Garden, Upsala, Sweden 


Bot. Garden, Zurich, Switzer- 
176 


Boyce, J. S. 72 

Brace, L. J. K. 116 
Bradner, J. 9 
British museum 192 
Br , Mr. 

Brown, Miss a 143 
Buckley H., 


Buen Aa Plant Industry 22, 69, 
ie ‘of Science, Manila 118, 
119 
ing nie 7 
Bus 
ees Bot. canen Eng. 68 
Campbell, R. 
Chanbenain, E : 
chan n, C. E 


I. W. 7 
Cocke T. v. “A. 8, 144, 192 
Coker, Wie D. 


Coker, Cc. 72, Bee 
Cook, 'N. M. 

Cornell Univerity 118 
urran, H. M. 192 


Deam, 17! 
Delafield, J. R. 72 
e-Toni, G. B. 1 
Donaldson, G. 118 

Dubois, L. 


H. 23, 143 
Earle, F. S. 116, 117, 192 
Eastwood, ‘Alice 192 
Evans, A. W. 
Fink, B. 72, c 118 


Fischer, 

Fitzpatrick & “Smith 71 

Florida ae Life League 142 

Frey, C. 

Garden Chub of Ridgwood, N. J. 
23 

Garrett, = - che 72, 117, 191 

Goel 


Harper, R. A. 117 
lies r A. 142 
Harvard University 118, 119, 


Hawks, 4 
Hioram, Bro. 22, 17 
g 

opkins, L. S. 
Hough, W. 71 
House, H. D.. 192 
Howe, M. A. 1 
Jackson, H. S. 71 
Kimball, W. 142 
Knapke, B. 120 
Latham, R. 118, 119 
Leeper, Be Ae 
Lilhe, D. 


aie Miss A. 119 
Marquand, ral 23 
Mart in, G. W. 


aly 
Mende W. 2 
Millspaugh, Cc. F G2 
Lrset at ee = Hh 144 
11g 


IIQ, 120, 191, 192 
Royal Botanic Garden, London 


Untermeyer, S. 144 


.5S. eis Agriculture 23, 69, 
‘142, 1 43, rae 
U.S. Nat. Mus 23, 24, 
o, ye 118, nee ee 142, 143, 
» 175, 176, 191, 192, 229, 
se" 
Wher E. T. 143 
Weileert, Le R. 23, 143 
J. R. 


dal, G. 


Fabaceae 
Fairchild, D. : , 19! 


False-pimpernel 3: 


Ferdina: pre co ae 115 
Ferns 166, 169 
Figworts 39 
Filamentous eee algae 64 
Filmy-fer 

e- ink 


nes 27, 222 
Flora of Bermuda 111 


f the West anaes A 
eview cape os 4. 

eae family 96 

Frag he a 


rimeus al 

Freeman, W. G. 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, IOI 
177; 

French Guiana, Botanical collecting 

prions ibis 118 

piesa oo , 117 

Fur 


Gabb, W. M. 225 


ae 32, me 
Garden, A. 126, 127, 128, 129 
nia 126 


era 168, 175 


Geophila 98 
George Valentine Nash (Pi. 261) 145 
oer 170 
Miss es —_ 

Gesneriaceae 9 
Ghent hybrid nen 
Altaclarensis 187 

ardinal 187 


andeu 
sloria Mundi 


nique 187 
oe 187 
ai 


Gladiolus bas we 
GLEASON, Botanizing in Brit- 
Yor 


Gleason, H. A. 02, 108, I41, 159 
Publications. pate 1920 80 

Glecoma 170 

Gleditsia 176 

Gleichenia 166 

Gli oe the siiow 90, 91 

Glottidium 19 


ue 195 

Glover, C. < 228 

Iden aster 199 

Iden fod. 31, 169, 198, 210, 222 
ore J ohn to 1 5 208 


pes, 

Brighton 151 
Catawba 152 
Concord 151, 152 


239 


Delaware 152 
Diamond 152 


Fox 15 
Niagara 151 
Suet 155 


Gra: 

Grass. pints 31, 56 

Grassy Sprain’ reservoir, Succession 
of algae in 64 

Gratiola 39 

Graves, A. H. Hy 

ae A. 5. 

Gray, Asa 6, 8, . 73) 74, 130, 134 

Green ed 64, 66 

167 


27 
Smnanenenss nivea 34 


Gymnopus eee 116 


‘abenella Garberi 200, 210 
Halberd-leaved Hibiscus 170 
Hall, H. M. 87, 88 
Hamamelis incarnata. 66 

japonica 66 


Jaollis 


Harshberger, J. ®. 41, I15, 160 
Harter, L. L. 
Hastines, G. . Succession of algae 
in the Grassy abevs reservoir 64 
Hastings, G. T. 228 
y-scented fern ne 


Heath 29, 32 
Hebe a7 

Hedeo: 170 
Hedge-hyse P39 


Hedrick, UL ® 156 
Helianthella nadifiora 
Helianthus eis “62 


Hibiscus milita: 
High School pani, Wisi from 112 
Hicoria 27, 37, ae 
floridana 
nasal me cA 38, 173, 197 


la 180 
Historic Trails by land and by water 
193 


Hired A. — Lg. 161, 164 


kl 90, 91 
Honeysuckle steps 113 
y, W. T. 43 
eed 


Wi . D. 114 
Howe, M. A. The “Workings” of 


Long Lake 156 
The _ are border 139 
Howe, M. A. 87, 
Publications aaring 1920 80 
Howell, J. 139 


ow to ae Rhododendrons 184 
Hubbard, B. 225 
ne G. W. 131, 132, 133, I 
Hungry Land 56, 62 sad 
Hyacinths 90 


as 
Hybrid azaleas, Ghent 187 MCUs 195 
Hymenaea 182 Fhesciel river, Along the 168 


elbinoien a 142, 144, 175 
Kaempfer's azalea 187 


Hypericum 2 

one 57 Kelmia ee - 

udiflorum 39 Keller, 
Hypocereales 225 Kelley, ia 
Hypocrelia on Killip, E. P. 67 
Hypomyces 117 Kilp oe Van E. 89, 107 
Hyptis desma 96 KIMBALL, WINIFRED, rane 
Hysterangium 89 of ree Wentworth Chapman I 

Kingsland, Mrs. M. J. 15, ans 7138 

Ibidium Beckii 2 Kitchen-midden 60 

cernuum 210, 211 Kittredge, Miss E. 4 

laciniatum 211 Knotweed 1 
Icacorea 219 Koellia 
Idinael-Henri, H. 115 Kokerite pal 
dlex 32, 2 Koninga ie ig 214 

Cassine 208 Kouroupit 


KE Hees ian: 28 


Wm ; 3 Vee of the famil Kregia 120 
chidaceae 48 Kurume azaleas 187 
Ilysanthes 39 
Ilysanthes attenuata 176 Lachnea scutellata 72 
I n-cherry Lachnocladium Schweinitstt 71 
Indian-pipe 201, 206 Lacinaria 207 
Indian-plantain 223 Lactaria atroviridis 72 
Indian-shot 195 theiogala 72 
Indian-tobacco 170 Ladies tresses 210 
iaee 186 Lady-fern 
Mr. 48 Lago 
Interaces of grapes I5 er néaipi 182. 31, 32, 39 
Landolphi 


mous ee 173 
Fr Lantana Camar 
Serica: nie se Large palm, "The ie of a 171 
Iris 27, 32, 68, 144, 175, 176, 209 - Lead-plant 591 9 
Isertia 181 = 
Isoetes flaccida 212 


Ite palm 162 Ie ather-fern 2 
Leather flower on 

Jacaratia 75, 76, 77 Leoebipar M. C. 131 
ja eae pulpit 42 Lectures 40, 
Jackson, S. 107, 115 aoe othe ol 4 
Facquinea Eee 215 Y. Betanical Garden 
Jaguars 168 epuruincese 75 
Japanese honeysuckle 26, 194. Leidy, J. 411 
Japanese witch-hazel 66 Leiphaimos 94, 181 
Jaquemontia jamatcensis 53 Le Re 225 
Jasminum udifion Leonard, 
Jatropha urens Leontodo m 26 

Horace Mcrarand Co. 40 ee virginicum 49 
Jigger-tree pies I 
Joe-wood 215 : Leptiion ‘canadense 49 
John Burrowes Memorial Association pies edez 

10’ UCaE: ae Cauee 100 
Johnston, Miss F. B. 140 ee 200 
Johnston, T. ao arvey 17 Light-weight wood, Tropical trees 
Jones, F R. with 
Juglandaceae ie Ligustrum amurense 194 


Juglans major \44 ovalifolium 194 


241 


il Massey, A. B. 67 
Lily-thor: Matheson, H. 214 
Lime trees 18 Matheson, W. J. 139 
um 39) 56 Maximil ‘0 
Simpsonit 3, May-apple 26 
Limonium braziliense 215 Meadow-beauties 56, 61 
Limoseila 70 . Meehan, T. ee 
Linaria canadensis 26 Meier, H. F. 
flor ng a 37 Melanoleca altel 71 
Linum melaleu 
Lagu dasa 37 194 Melastomacese 180, 181 
Tie ee 194 Melchers, L. E. 114 
ive 32, 125, 194, 197 Melia Azaderach 27 
Lloyd, F F. E. 115, 160 Melon cactus 101 
Lobelia cardinalis 170 Mendes, Capt. 99 
Mentha 170 
Lobeliaceae 18 Merrill, E. D. 48, 67 
Loblolly-bay 208 Mertensia 2 
ock! , dD. cay erulius aureus 
Lockhartia Mesembryanthem ia 
Loines, Miss Say, Meteorology, see N. v Botanic Gar- 
Long Lake, ‘The “Workings” of 156 
Lone-leaf p ine 3 Miami 55, 
aie fragrontissima 90 Mikanie cordial 219 
Lophiola pean ae - ae 147 
Tepksdasaar arundinaceum 71 Mim a pier 
Loss of a large palm 171 Mimosaceae aoe 
Lupinus diffusa 38 Mimulus 118, 120 
Lyngbya 157 Mimusops Balata ror 
Mint 199 
Macondo 77 Mint family 170 
Mecyopodia semitosta 116 Mistletoe 41, 194 
Madder family 53 Miyabe, K. 160 
aie es Moc on ce 42 
Kobus 90 Mollinedi 
virginiana 34, 194, 208 Monadelphus iluden 117 
aidenhair fern 169 Monarda He i 
Maiden! pe a spleenwort 169 Monke 
allow Meno a 
alpighia untflora 201 
heer femily 100 Montrichardia 97, 162 
‘alus aculeata 183 
alvaceae 75 Moonflowers 210, 219 
d amillaria erecta 68 Mora rol, 167 
ang fe ‘era indica 212 Mora trees 98 
ees 181, 182, Morus rubra 194 
aa roves 162, 178, to, 213 Morning-glory 37, 2 
aples a 194 Morning- ay fnily: 53 
‘arantia Arundinacea 132 Mosier, Mr. 
arasmius 72, 117 osier, C. i 136, 203 
8, 59 Mosses 208, 226 
arco island 55 Mougeoti 
ean, J. T. 139, 190 Mountain laurel 26 
arlberry 219 Mountain mint 1 
arsh-fleabanes 222 Mountain spurge gt 
arsh marigold 42 “Mucka-mucka 1 
arsh-pinks 61 Sei Biological Expedition 172 
larssonia 96 . Greenhouse lectures 
artin, G, H. 228 oy 
artin, G. W. 68, 115 oa? and summer lectures 85 


Visit from um bigh school pupils 112 
furans a A. 105, 140, I41, 173, 


Pu solieatioiis during 1920 81 
Musa Enseta 68 
Muscadenia Munsoniana 38 
Muscadine grape 38 


Das 
Noia. 
Na: ch 2 V. 145, 147, 1 
Publications during 82 
Nashia 
Native plants, Preservation of our 40 
89 


Nature-stu m4 guide 
Naucoria 1 
Needle-palm 27 


Ns '€0- Washinton robusta 223 


Nepeta 
Nerium ‘Oueonide 
New Rorticttual ee entrance 


and_ fencing the Southern 
Boulevard ‘Ph. 260) 138 
New York ai tanical Garden 
Accessio 
Library QI, 115, 174 
Me and hebarium 69, 


“Tor 
Plante and seeds 22, 68, 69, 
175 


142, 
Conference notes 
For ae Nov. and Dec. 15 


For 1921 47, 87, 105, 224 
Lectures 
Autu 140 
Pp and si 
Meteorology for November and 


mber an 
for the year 1921 
and students during es 8 
Repairs of Re I 228 
New York, Wild flow 


200 


4 
Nv 


icker 7 
Nidularium Karatas 180 
Nintooa japonica 26, 194 
ish a. 


ishimura, M. 160 
Nolina atopocarpa 38 
Norton, J. B. S$. 228 


Notes, d t 20, 48, 66, 
89, 107, 113, 141, 159, 172, 190, 229 


Nunezharia 223 
Nut-r 


Oakes 
Oakes, 2 


- 73 
», 37s 159 
Obolaria virginica 118 
an 


Ochroma is 


Oenothera cargo 169, 
Old Trai 


k 
zebrin 
Orchidacs 


175, 


and new Discoveries (Pi. 


Orchids 34, » 56, 67, 95, 167, 1 
183 


Oreodoxas I 
Oreodoxa ene 95 
rida! fags 
Ort oe. 67 


Cee 65 


diffusa 157, 15) 
prolifica 157, 138 


Osmia frustrata 


Os: 
Otis, 


munda as 219 
228 


Ouratea Guildingis 29 


erholts, L. O. 


Ove 
Oxalis tuberosa 1a a 


Pachira 75 
Paeonies 227, 


e€arso: 


£ 


Pediocactus eee 144 


243 


Pennell, F. W. 15, 17, 140, 171 
Publications during 1920 83 

Pennyroyal 170 

alpen ee 100 

Pentstem 
a en 


6 
overs 175 
Peperomia 99, 205 
Peperomia. cumubicola 197, 198 
humilis 21 


ent wild life. protection fund 


oe 
Per 
Perr rrin 
Perrine Gant ee 134 
Persea Persea 212 


Phoenix reclinatus 224 

A aboriaagie ae 193 

Phormium 69 

Phragmites oe 

Phyllachora eel 117 

Piaropus cra. 

Pin-oak 1 

Pinus Highs 29, 55, 221, 222 
clausa 29, 38, 219, 221 
Pols mee 38 


is i 26 
Piper pedaen 180 
oe 


Pipewort 
Pisonia 37, 
Pitcher ae 27 
Pitch pine 26 
Pitheclabium 37 
Plec a tomasianum 65 
Pluches a 
Plumbago — 215 
Plume- iris 2 
Plume Palm 
Payne eatin 26 
ogon: 
Polygonella 3: 


Polygonum Watsons x TI9 
Polypodium incanum 180 
umula 
vulgare 169 
Polypody 63, 169 
Polyporus elegans 71 


Polystichum acrostichoides 169 
le 218 


ortulaca 199 

Potamogeton 33, 170 

Povah, H. be e 

Poverty pin 

rey Lea Sealine commision 17 

Precip See Meteorology 
cee N. Y. Botanical Garden 

Pay notes on Trinidad fungi 


225 
Preservation of our native plants 40 
Prickly-apple 50, 205 
Prickly-ash 195 
Pri pop pear 29, 36, 37, 50, 51, 199, 
Prinuda beaded go 
cides 90 

tee ica 90 
Privets io 
Protection fund, Permanent wild life 


ue pa aababema 118 
Prunus 5 38 
Psathy: na as 
Pseudophoenix vinifera 214 
purines montana 170 
Psid: 
Peychotria me 
Pteris 96 
caudata 2 
Pterula subui jot a 71 
Publications Es! rae scholars and 
tudents, os . Bot. Gard. 
Paneer ge 
Bo ed _ oe 69, 120, 144, 175, 


Pursle heart 1 or 
Purple-torches 
Pycnoporus cinnabariniis 118 
5 31 
225 
Relea? pores Bakeri 72 
Shoe pee 195 


ee 206 
ae a 9, 32, 37, 120 
Catesbaei 38 


Rabbit bush 88 
Ramband, F. 178, 183 


244 


Ranunculus 26 
Rapanea te 
Kapos ea 9: 
Rosenaia pias 180 
Red-cedar 194, 197 
Id, J. H. 


Redfie! 

Red gum 37 

Red-mulberry 194 

Red root 13 

Remarks on il alg 7 
supinate polypore: 5, 106 

Review of the Fossil Flora of the 


Biaphdepiiom “Wysioke 27 
Rhexia 


izophora te 
Rhododendron ce. 186 
calendulaceum 186 


185 
catawbien. ie 84, 185, I 
catawbiense var. ee 175 


186 
nts var. somes 187 
occidentale 18 
pont 18 
ae 786 
Sie salir ar bi 187 
Sm 185 
Vasey ve 
186 
Rhodadencrons 40, 144, 184, 185, 
How oO grow 184 
F onchospore 211, 222 
ice grass 183 
icker, M. 228 
ee 211 
22 


osemary 29, 200 


e, J. N 
Reskulies Se 173 
RowLeg, W. W. Tropical trees with 


light-weight wood 75 
Rowlee, W. W. 67, 115, 228 
OY, 
Royal pa Ims 214 
Roystonea oleracea 2 
Roystonea regia 21 
Rubber content of N. Am. plants 87 
3 


Rusby, H. H. 102, 103, 108, 172 
Publications during 1920 83 


ve Publications 
Russula com pad ce 
Rydberg, P. is 18, 19, 20 
Publications during 1920 84 
Ryu, K. 115 
Sabal Adans 27 
maui as 95 
faim ay 27, 39, 57, 197, 212 


3) 
Sabbatia ef 61 
Sabina bardadensi 197 


ago family 126 
aint 


and-spurs {9 

andzaki 
anton 
anguinaria een 26 
arracenia 2 

vummondit 9 

atin, Mile S. 190, 228 
segiaetyiiec palm 202 
metto 29, ee Poa 58, 125 
Mrs aa 


in 
indler, B. 
choenobihlos gona vote 96 


chiweinfiurth, ool on 
Yar Aime cubensis 100 


7, 
29, 39, 32, 37; 33. 55, 56, 58, 
59, 199 
Sea grape 99 


245 


Sea-lavender 215 Spatterdock 27, 206 
Seaver, F. J. ey noteson Spaulding, P. 228 
Trinidad une Spice-bush 26, 91 
Seaver, F. J. 67, 93, aL: 96, 99 Spider-lilies 61 
Publications cine 1920 84 Spiderwort 39, 198 
dge 29, 56, 62, 180, 200 Spigelia anthelmia 214 
Sedum ternatum 170 Spike-rush 210, 222 
Selaginella 166 Spine-app! 
S or I Spiney palm ror 
ole Indians 196 Spirogyra 
Seni ye crassa © 
ritfolius flunatiis 65 
Save San 27, hy 32, 55, 58 Webberi 7 
Sesbania 1 Spleenwort 
Sesbanianeae 19 Sporobolus deaieies 49 
Setchell, W. A. 67, 115 pragne, O. 156 
Shad-bush 26 Spring beauty 42 
i ar 17 Spring inspection of i ee build- 
ber: ill go, 91 ings and. collectio: 
Sida cordifolia 201 Sprostons 161, , 
Silver palm 195 Spruce pine 38, 219 
Simphocampylus 18 Spurge 
clair, W. J. 87 Spurge family 96 
Siparia quarry 94, 100 Squills 90 
Sisal 217 Sq Is 173 
Peaiacals C. 227 Stalactites 204 
Slash pine 29 tt, Mrs. M. G. 107 
Slocombe, Miss E. 139 Starry stonecrop 170 
L. J. K. Along the Juniata Stenodictyon ae 
‘rive ro tephens, 97 
Historic trails by land and by Stew: eon ‘Brown 110 
water 193 (Pl. 263-266) Srequides T. 110 
Old trails and new discoveries Stige selniute cubec unto 65 
(Pl. 253, 254) 25 Stillingia 20 
Continued Gi 255, 256) 49 St. John’s-wort 39 
Notes, 1, 3, 6, Stomois 
Seminole bread—the Conti juncea 30, 211 
(PI. 9) 121 Story, Mrs, A. F. 139 
Small, J. K. 146 Strout, A. B. Conference notes for 
Publi cations during 1920 84 Bae and ini 1978 15; for 
milax 95 1 47, 87, 105, 224 
Smith, E. F. 73 Studies of grapes in cooperation 
Smooth-alder 193 with ii state experiment 
Sneeze-weed 27 stati t Geneva, N. Y. (PI. 
Solanaceae 20 26a) 
Solanum 100 Stout, A. B. 15, 20, nid 139, 141 
torvum 180 Publications diane 920 85 
Solenopora 8 treeter, Miss S. 115 
Solidago 31, 2 tviguia complanata 119 
anguanelis 210 anaes ae . T. G. 113, 139, 
gut eylts: 
Boottti ie iaerapale eral 94 
Soluens 19 ugar palm 
ane 134 nflower 
194 wamp-bay 266 
rene elegans 100 weet alyssum 214 
Spanish moss 197 oe 2s 34, 194, 208 
Share anium 94 eet-gum 
Spartina 195 kathy a polypore 173 
Bakeri ‘yndesmon thaliciroides 26 


Tabebuia sre 101 Tumion ee 6 

Talinum 12 Tukey, H. 156 

Tamala boa T Palette 38 

Tamarind 215 urk’s cap cactus 101 
Tamarindus indicus 215 Turnbull 196 

Taming of the wild blueberry 42 Two-trunk cabbage palm 183 

Tar-flower 5 Tyromyces chioneus 117 

Ta: ics reese ooaeiai 27, 211 Typha 193 

ale, N. 146 Ulmus 27 

Terra Ceia Island 28, 36, 37 Uncaria 

Teucnon 170 Utricularia 27 

Thalia geniculata 181 Urich, F. W. 93, 96 

Thea japonica alba 68 

The Cactaceae 20 Vaccinium aks Na 144 

The rg21 dahlia border 139 age bats 1 

Theobroma Cacoa 67 Vanilla Harti 
iselton— i 6 inodora 10 

Thistles 31, - planifolia 200 

Thomas, H. 107, 115 Vanilla-plant_200 

Thunbergia ene 199 an Ingen, G, 224 
hy 31 Vaughan, T. W. 87 

Thymeleaceae 96 Vavilov, N. 160, 228 

Thysanella 38 Vernonia 97 

usta 199 Veronica 15, 118, 120 
i ed ‘eronicast 7 
ili e Veronic 
Tillandsia 21 Viburnums 27 
bracteata 62 Vincent, Jr., R & Sons 139 
recurvata 62 Viola 27 
utriculata 62 Violets 27, 42 

Tithymal 74 Viorna crispa 34 

Tithymalus Esula 74 ovata i io) 

Titi 38 Virgin-bo 19 

Toad-flax 26, 37 Nirina-comslip 27 

Tonka bean 200 Visit from high school pupils 112 

Toothache-tree 195 Vitis 144 

7 cre John 6, A 73, 131, 134 labrusca 152 
orreya taxifolia vinifera 152, 153, 155 
pear foridana 198 Voyria 181 
adescantia 
ragia volubibs 180 Mis aerd Miss E. M. 91, 114 

Trailing arbutus 42 Walcott, C. D. 88 
ameles suaveolens 173 Wallab: o 
ree-cactus §0, 53, 216 Ward, 

Tree-orchid 61, 213 Water-hyacinth 195 
vichomanes punctaia 212 Water-lily 27, 206 
richostema 170 iat willow 170 
rifol se al aa ali 170 Watson, E. E. Publications during 
rilisa 2 oe 85 

odoratissina 200 Watts, F. 98 
eae 200, 206 ‘ax-berry 206 
Trillum 4 Wax-myrtle 31 
Trinidad fink Preliminary notes on Wax palm 223 
22. Webber, H. J. 123, 124, 

Trinidad, Further botanical studies Welch, D. S. 160 
in 93 Wellington, R. 15 

Teo 97 Wercklea 75, 76 

Tulips 9 West Indian lilac 99 


Tulip-trees 172, 194 West Indian pink-root 214 


247 


Woodsia obtusa 169 


Wheeler, C. T. 
Wherry, E. T. ne 228 Workings of Long Lake 156 
Whetzel, H. H. 107 Wynnea americana 72 
White-birch 193 
White Poui - olisma 32 
White-root_ 1 Speciosa 29 
Wieland, G4 Xyris 61 
Wild Flowers - New York 12 
Wild-lime 37 Pade Abie ee 61 
Wild one 170 ca filam a 38 
Wild-pepper 197, 205, 218 
Wild ae 179 Zamia 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 135, 
Wild s 125 136, 137, 142 
wit strawberries 27 anguslifoa 123 
Wi » R.S._ Birds in the floridana 3, 122, 123, 124, 130, 
anical Garden 103 I 
Publisation during 1920 85 integrifolia 122, 123, 124, 129, 
Wilson, P. 130, 133, 135, 136, 137 
Publications during 1920 85 media 1 
Winter-cress 2! pumila SS 123, 125, 126, §35 
Wire-grass 207 ‘brosa 136, 137 
Wisteria 28 Zanthoxylum 37 
Witch-hazel wa-Herculis 195 
en ’s auxilia Zorn hickory 119 
foman’s municipal ese 107 Zygnema 65 


Members of the Corporation 


Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn, 
_ Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, 
Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps, 
Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson, 
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, ap R. re 
John W. Auchincloss, : Amory Haskell, Ira A. Plac 
George fe oh T. A. Havemeyer, Hon. eee S. Prall, 
Stephen A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand, 
Henry i a ae Bernhard Hoffm: Ogden Mills Reid, 
Edmund L. Baylie Archer M. Radeon Edwin A. Richard, 
Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, 
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, 
C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, 
George 2 asa Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen ene 
George S. Bre Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H Rusby, 
Prof. N. L. ane Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. naj H. Sayre, 
Prof. Edw. S. Bee Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff, 


“i ee, M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, 
W.H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, 


a4 C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, 
Hon. W. A. Clark, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 
C. A. Coffin, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, 
Marin Le Brun Cooper, ead L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, 
Paul D. Cravath, W. J. Matheson, F. K. Sturgis, 
. Deng George McAneny, B. B. Thayer, 
Rev. H. M. Denslow, Emerson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, 
. ee H. Dodge, . Dr. Walter Mendelson, |W. Boyce Thompson 
Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. eet Dr. W. Gilman (sacar 
Saat if z Field, Ogden Mill Louis C. Tiffany, 
Jame Hon Odes it Mills, Felix M. Warburg, 
Ha “7 an ick J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, 
aaa W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwell, 
rof. . Gi Frederic R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, 
a feinveniheim, C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, 
Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop. 


Members of the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. ae ag Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. George D. Pratt, 
Mrs. Robert Mrs " Hamilton F. Mesa Mrs. Harold TePratt, 
Miss “ei Billiags, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, 
Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, 
_ Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, 
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, 
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, 
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. Cabot Ward. 


Honorary Members the Women’s Auxiliary 


Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A.Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, 
Mrs, John I. Kane Miss ais E. P.Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. 


i 
Ke 


Provisions for 
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, 
Sustaining Members, Annual Members 
and Life Members 


1. Benefactors 
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 
2. Patrons 
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden a gift 
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden 
3. Fellows for Life 
he contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any 
one time shall entitle the eee to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 
4, Fellowship Members 
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or. more annually and become fellows for 
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 
5. Sustaining Members 
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become 
ellows for life when their an aggregate $1000.00. 
6. Annual ae sma 
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10. 
All members are entitled to the ieee ieee 
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the eds of the Board of Managers. 


2 = hnenstg to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of 
Mana: 


ager 
3. A copy e all handbooks published Fike sae Garden. 
4. A copy of all annual reports ae Bul 
Jou 
6. Privileges of the Board ae 


7. Life Members 
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 
$250.00, 
Information 
mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to we pela 
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany ai mbers 
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving rhea Building 
at 3 o'clock. 
Form of Bequest 
I hereby bd h to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated 
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of 


se eeeeeees 


Te ace ae tt Oe 


Para : Se EE 


Spee : : ; = pores 


eae eee 


ere 


ec see : a : - : faa ean 
oe TS zs oT = . aa meme 
Soda STN LE ee : : : Sanaa ptt ent Oartenaenata 


Ce ce eae eT raid pare Mot LAO Pe car rt PIAL reaper tLe