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BULLETIN
OF

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

VOLUME XII, 1922-1924

BULLETIN

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VOLUME XII

1922-1924

LANCASTER PRESS. INC.
LANCASTER, PA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. 42. JULY 6, 1922.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND Director-IN-CHIEF FOR
Report of the Assistant Director....................
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and

Report of the Supervisor of Public Instruction.......
Report of the Head Gardener......................
Report of the Director of the Laboratories...........
Report of the Superindentent of Buildings and Grounds
Report of the Bibliographer..................2.0...
Report of the Librarian............0....-..0.000.5.
Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses ..........
Report of the Paleobotanist....................-...
SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE YEAR 1921 .....
REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
FOR THE YEAR 192] ....... 00.00 c eee eee ee
Report OF THE COMMITTEE ON Patrons, FELLOWS, AND
MEMBERS FOR THE YEAR 1922. ... 02-00-0000 0 ee eee
Report OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR IQ21..........
REPORTS OF THE SPECIAL AUDITOR...........-..-2-.005:

NO. 43. JUNE 7, 1923.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR

Report of the Assistant Director....................
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and

Report of the Supervisor of Public Instruction .......
Report of the Head Gardener......................
Report of the Director of the Laboratories...........
Report of the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds
Report of the Bibliographer ss sigeae er duaeen pene:

Vv

PAGE

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

Report of the Librarian... . 2.0.0.0... 0c eee eee 138
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections sunwun teas tanc hone eee i kb oma ees 140
Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses.......... 142
Report of the Paleobotanist....................00.. 142
Report of the Honorary Custodian of the Local
Herbarium. .......... 0002s 144
ScHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE YEAR 1922 146
ReEporT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DiRECTORS
FOR THE YEAR 1922........0- 000 e cece eee 150
Report OF THE COMMITTEE ON Patrons, FELLOWs, AND
MEMBERS FOR THE YEAR 1922...........--0000-0005. 152
Report OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR.............. 172
REPORTS OF THE SPECIAL AUDITOR................. 150, 179

No. 44. MAY 28, 1924.

Report OF THE SECRETARY AND DirREcTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR

THE: YEAR 1923062 bee'g¢.e ee oe Sa eae ees 181
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and
Herbarium es icsstetn se eenhe ats eet dane aha 194
Report of the Supervisor of Public Instruction ....... 199
Report of the Head Gardener...................... 201
Report of the Director of the Laboratories........... 206
Report of the Bibliographer.................0...... 209
Report of the Librarian..............00...00...0.. 210
Report of the Superintendent of Buildings and
Grounds... 2.0.2... eee eee 212
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections: snc.teriae Sagat etic wenn eels aie has 217
Report of the Paleobotanist........................ 218
Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses.......... 220
ea of the Honorary Custodian of the local Herba-
OS SS a Foie hore ea ese eta ents teh a ance ec se 221
en or EXPENDITURES DURING THE YEAR 1923..... 223
REpoRT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
FOR THE YEAR 1923....... 0.000000. ccccece cece cece. 227
REPORT OF THE ComMITTEE ON Patrons, FELLOWs, AND
MEMBERS FOR THE YEAR 1923......................, 229
Report oF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1923......... 250

Reports OF THE SpeciaL AUDITOR................, 227, 257

TABLE OF CONTENTS Vi

NO. 45. SEPTEMBER 13, 1924.
A REviEw oF THE Fossit Flora or THE WEsT INDIES, WITH
Descriptions oF New Species, By ArTHuUR HoLiick... 259
Hemiock anp Its Envrronment, By Barrincron Moore,
Herpert M. Ricuarps, H. A. Gueason, ano A. B. Stout. 325
GENERAL INDEX... 22 eee 351
GENERIC INDEX: 46.4. 64 Side tite een PRG ee bee ee 355

VOL, 12 NO. 42

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

ISSUED JULY 6, 1922

CONTENTS

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR
THE YEAR 1921...
Report of the eat. Director . :
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and
Herbarium . . beer east

Report of the Sa eiser eo Public Geaicron demas

Report of the Head Gardener. .

Report of the Director of the Taboratories: ve

Report of the Sacer of ee and Grounds

Report of the Bibliographer. .

Report of the Librarian.....

Report of the Honorary Curator oe Messes..

Report of the Palaeobotanist. . cee
SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE 2 YEAR 1921. ieee
REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

FOR THE YEAR I921.. a
REPORT OF THE Comarrer ON < PATRONS, FELLOWS, AND

MEMBERS FOR THE YEAR I sete esth pate
REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR oF fig th aes
REPORTS OF THE SPECIAL AUDITOR...

Lal
Cn el

Iot

BULLETIN

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 12 No. 42

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-
IN-CHIEF FOR THE YEAR iIoa2r
(Accepted and ordered printed January 9, 1922.)

To THE BoaRD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW York BotTANi-
CAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit my report for
the year ending January 9, 1922.

Much progress has been made in the development of
the Garden and in the increase of its collections during
the past year, and the maintenance of grounds and build-
ings has been continued, without special incidents. The
beautiful, natural features of the reservation have been
conserved without deterioration. Necessary repairs to
buildings have partly been accomplished, but considerable
work of this kind still needs attention. The construction of
additional parts of the path systems as planned has been
continued in the southern part of the reservation, especially
at and near the Horticultural Garden, and south of the
Rose Garden. Construction of the boundary wall and
fence was continued along the Southern Boulevard, and
the Mansion Approach Entrance, together with some
adjoining fencing, was built on the Pelham Parkway. Addi-
tional planting was accomplished at many points, espec-
ially at the new Fern Garden and the Rock Garden, in the
Flower Garden and in the Arboretum; new plantations of

(1)

(2)

peonies were established and the collections of dahlias
and tulips were increased. Large additions were made
to the collections of cacti, and the extensive collection of
palms was further rearranged.

Lectures to the public on Saturday and Sunday after-
noons on a wide range of botanical and _ horticultural
subjects were continued from early spring until late
autumn; instruction through docentry was continued with
an increasing demand for this service; requests for infor-
mation about plants and plant products have been answered
in increasing numbers; work on the labeling of all collections
has been continued. The public educational work of the
institution thus continues to expand.

otanical exploration and collecting of specimens and
of plants were accomplished in Florida, Trinidad, French
Guiana, British Guiana, and Cuba, and the museums and
herbarium and greenhouse collections have been enriched
through this work, and important additions to knowledge
have been made. The specimens thus obtained have been
partly studied and distributed into the permanent collec-
tion, and this work is being continued. Especial attention
has been given to the study of the flora and plant products
of northern South America under our cooperative ar-
rangement with the United States Nationa! Museum and
the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University.

During the year we have had about 15,000 species and
varieties of plants under cultivation within the grounds
and in the greenhouses, or wild within the reservation.
The library has been increased by nearly 600 bound
volumes, and now contains about 30,500 bound volumes.
Additions to the museums and herbarium aggregate about
34,275 specimens.

Publications during 1921 include Nos. 40 and 41 of the
Bulletin, 9 numbers of Volume 22 of the Journal, 2 parts
of North American Flora, 5 parts of Volume 13 of M ycologia,
4 parts of Addzsonia, and 9 numbers of Contributions. Our

(3)

Bulletin No. 41 containing Dr. Rusby’s Guide to the
Economic Museum, published April 30th, is a very im-
portant contribution to the literature of economic botany.

Plants and Planting

Additions have been made to many of the collections
of living plants, both out of doors and under glass; these
have been reported from time to time as accessions recorded
in our Journal.

The collection of cacti was largely increased by plants
secured through Dr. J. N. Rose of the United States
National Museum and his correspondents in Texas and
California, and by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, during the
progress of the investigation of the Cactus Familyin coopera-
tion with the Carnegie Institution of Washington; also
through many fine specimens collected for us by Mr. E. C.
Rost in Southern California and Lower California and by
Dr. John K. Small in Florida.

The collection of hardy ferns in the new fern garden
received important accessions collected at various localities
by Dr. E. B. Southwick, who has it in charge, and by Mr.
C. A. Weatherby, who sent many plants collected by him
in Connecticut, and a few exotic species were obtained
from H. A. Dreer & Co., of Philadelphia.

Dr. E. B. Southwick continued the construction of the
new rock garden and the assembling of plants for it, and
this work will be prosecuted during the coming season.

Through valued gifts of peonies by Mrs. Edward
Harding and by Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, new and large
plots were planted in the horticultural gardens. Many
additions were made to the iris collection, in cooperation
with the American Iris Society; the Japanese species were
brought together in two plots at the bottom of the slope
to the south at the new Iris Garden.

The collection of rose mallows was increased by plants
bred by Dr. A. B. Stout, during his experimental work

(4)

with the hardy species, and ground has been prepared for
a further installation of these plants, remaining in the
nursery, during the coming spring.

Through continued cooperation with the General Bulb
Growers’ Association of Holland and Mr. John Scheepers
of New York, the collections of tulips have been continued
and augmented. Some 19,000 bulbs received from them
were planted in the autumn in the horticultural gardens and
about the same number in the court of conservatory range
No. 1; about 3,000 bulbs from various sources were planted
in the flower-gardens and elsewhere, making a total of
about 22,000 bulbs which may be expected to flower in
the spring.

Through continued cooperation with Mrs. Mortimer
J. Fox, the collection of hardy lilies has been largely in-
creased, providing plants utilized by Dr. Stout in his
studies of hybridity. A special plot was prepared and
planted in the horticultural gardens, in which a representa-
tion of the species was brought together; other bulbs were
grown experimentally in the nurseries and others planted
in the flower-gardens.

The large and representative collection of dahlias,
planted at the railroad station, in charge of Dr. Marshall
A. Howe, was expanded, especially through a valuable
series of tubers loaned by Judge Josiah Marean; the plants
flowered profusely until October 26th when they were
killed by frost.

The large and representative collection of palms, now
occupying three houses and part of a fourth house of
conservatory range No. I, was regrouped and rearranged,
under the direction of Foreman William Becker, and
increased by plants brought from the propagating houses.
Contingent upon the reglazing of the roof of house No. 1,
effected during the summer and autumn, two of the largest
palms, which had outgrown the capacity of the house and
were breaking glass from the roof with each new leaf
formed, were removed and, of necessity, destroyed; several

(5)

of the next largest specimens were successfully moved.
The collection now contains about 130 species of palms
represented by over 500 specimens.

Details of work upon the plant collections will be found
in the report of the Head Gardener hereto appended.

Museums and Herbarium

Details of curatorial and investigational work on the
museums and herbarium will be found in the report of the
Head Curator, hereto appended. Much progress was made
in incorporating into the permanent collections speci-
mens held in storage and in the naming, labelling, and
distribution of specimens recently obtained through ex-
plorations in tropical America. Additional cases obtained
through the expenditure of an appropriation from the
income of the Sage Fund, provided place for the additional
specimens; during this work the greater portion of the
herbarium was moved. Nearly all the many thousand
unmounted specimens were examined, and selections made
from them for sending to other institutions as exchanges.
The Local Herbarium, made up of specimens illustrating
the wild plants growing naturally within one hundred
miles of New York City, was moved from cases in one of
the hallways to new cases in one of the otherrooms. Mr.
Kenneth K. Mackenzie, a member of the corporation,
presented a fine new oak table for this room. Much
attention has been given to the herbarium of cultivated
plants which contains specimens of all species which have
been grown and flowered at the Garden, very important
for purposes of record.

Supplies required for the museums and herbarium as
well as for the library and laboratories have been bought
from the income of the Darius Ogden Mills fund.

Library

As shown by the report of the Librarian, heretoappended,
the collection of books includes 30,534 bound volumes,

(6)

548 volumes having been added during the year, mostly
by purchase through the incomes of the Maria DeWitt
Jesup Fund, the Fanny R. Bridgham Fund, and the Henry
Iden Fund, and by exchanges of our publications for those
of other institutions and societies. Book-binding continues
to be expensive, and we have a considerable accumulation
of unbound volumes and many volumes that require re-
binding. An additional card-catalogue case is now required.

Public Instruction and Information

Lectures for the public, on botanical and horticultural
topics, have been delivered on Saturday and Sunday
afternoons, from early spring until late autumn, using

oth the museum lecture hall, and the lecture space
provided in conservatory range No. 2. The plan of
following or otherwise associating these public lectures
with demonstrations or descriptions of plants referred to,
by guiding the audiences to the collections, on the grounds
or in the buildings, has been elaborated and appreciated;
some of the lectures have, indeed, taken on the character
of such a demonstration only. It appears to be desirable
further to develop this type of instruction. The need of a
special lecture fund mentioned in previous reports still
exists.

Information and instruction of visitors, by members of
the staff acting as docents, has been continued throughout
the year, with increasing requests for this service. Docents
have been made available every week-day afternoon at
three o’clock, and at other times when arranged for in
advance. Most of this work has been done as in previous
years by Mr. Percy Wilson, Associate Curator, Mr. R. S.
Williams, Administrative Assistant, Mr. William Becker,
Foreman Gardener, and Dr. W. A. Murrill, Supervisor of
Public Instruction, but all members of the staff have taken
part in it to some extent. The increasing amount of time
required for this very important duty, makes it desirable
that much of it be concentrated in a docent, with this as
his principal occupation, which would relieve other officials
for work much needed on the collections or otherwise.

(7)

Labelling of all collections has been continued, without
change in methods. Our present provision for this im-
portant informational work is inadequate, however, owing
to the largely increased number of plants and specimens.
Additional group-labels have been set up at various places as
well as additional direction-signs at points within the
grounds, and a new map of the Garden has been printed
for posting at entrances and elsewhere and for sale.

Special exhibitions of plants and flowers have been
continued in cooperation with the Horticultural Society
of New York, and prizes paid from the income of the Henry
Iden Fund.

Requests for information by mail continue to be very
numerous, and replying to these inquiries requires much
time; this work is divided up among the members of the
staff.

Details of educational activities will be found in the
reports of several staff-members hereto appended.

Exploration and Collecting

Under the cooperative arrangement entered into in 1918
with the United States National Museum and the Gray
Herbarium of Harvard University for the investigation
of the flora and plant products of northern South America
and islands adjacent,* botanical exploration and collecting,
and the study of the large collections made, have been
continued, resulting in important increase in knowledge,
and in extensive and valuable additions to the herbaria
and museums of the cooperating institutions. Accompanied
and assisted by Mrs. Britton and by Dr. Fred J. Seaver
of our staff I continued this work on the island of Trinidad
during March and April, 1921,1 with the highly valued
cooperation of Mr. W. G. Freeman, Director of Agriculture
of Trinidad and Tobago, and of other officials of his de-

*See Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 182-185; Science N. S. 53: 29, 30.

¢See Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 93-102. 1921.

(8)

partment. These collections have been nearly completely
studied. Mr. W. E. Broadway, Assistant Botanist of the
Trinidad Agricultural Experiment Station, was commis-
sioned, while we were there, to proceed to French Guiana
for the purposes of this investigation. His object was
successfully accomplished and the important collection
made by him* was received, divided among the three
institutions, and has been partly studied.

Dr. Henry A. Gleason, our Assistant Director, proceeded
to British Guiana in June and made a large collection there
which he brought back with him on his return in September,
together with many duplicate specimens from the her-
barium of the botanical garden at Georgetown, obtained
through the kind cooperation of Sir John B. Harrison,
Director of Science and Agriculture.t A beginning has
been made upon the study of these collections.

Further expeditionary work is planned for 1922 on
behalf of this cooperative investigation. Important aid
in the study of parts of the collections already made has
been obtained from Mr. N. E. Brown, at the Royal
Botanic Gardens of Kew, England, and this assistance
may be continued. It has become necessary, however,
that one of our most trained botanists spend some time at
Kew, in continuation of the work I accomplished there in
19201 through the kind permission of Sir David Prain, Di-
rector, and that a visit be made also to the Jardin des
Plantes at Paris for the purposes of this investigation.

Leading the Mulford Biological Expedition, Dr. Henry
H. Rusby, Honorary Curator of our Economic Collections,
is at present in Bolivia, making large scientific and economic
collections. His party reached La Paz, Bolivia, in June,
1921, and proceeded down the eastern side of the Andes.
We have received several communications from him re-
porting successful progress, and some of his collections have

*See Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 177-183. Ig21.

tSee Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 161-168. 1921.

(9)

also been received; these cannot fail to add greatly to
knowledge of the flora and plant products of Bolivia, a
country visited by Dr. Rusby in 1885-1886, at which time
he brought out many thousand specimens, a complete
set of which are preserved in the herbarium of Columbia
University, deposited at the New York Botanical Garden.

Dr. John K. Small, Head Curator, through continued
and highly appreciated aid from Mr. Charles Deering, has
made further collections in many parts of Florida.

We have joined with the Smithsonian Institution and
other organizations in commissioning Mr. Paul C. Standley,
of the United States National Museum, to visit Salvador,
Central America, for botanical collecting in a little known
region.

Roads, Paths, Grading, Drainage, and Water Supply

The driveways have been maintained as in previous
years by the Park Department, under the provisions of
the Garden’s charter, and we highly appreciate the valued
cooperation of the Honorable Joseph P. Hennessy, Com-
missioner of Parks of the Borough of The Bronx, and his
staff in this work, and in many other matters. The road
from the rose garden to the stable plaza, which remained
uncompleted at the time of my last annual report, is yet
in the same unfinished condition, awaiting available city
funds for its surfacing and lighting. The embankment,
where this road crosses the valley of the Long Lake, has
been widened and strengthened by earth dumped there by
contractors, without cost. It will be remembered that
this portion of the driveway system is planned to take
the place of the old, narrow and dangerous road leading
north from the mansion, on which there have already been
several accidents, and others may be anticipated at any
time. It has been necessary to close the old road at times
when ice made the surface too smooth for safety. The
opening of the new road will be a great relief from anxiety
and will bring a now little visited part of Bronx Park into
use.

(10)

The path system has been cared for by garden laborers
in charge of Foreman Gardener John Finley. Considerable
resurfacing was accomplished and we built a number of
culverts to secure more complete surface drainage. Ad-
ditional parts of the path system built and opened during
the year aggregate about 1700 lineal feet, and about 900
feet were partly constructed. The paths needed along
the Bronx River leading northward from the Linnaean
Bridge, mentioned in previous annual reports, still await
construction.

uch grading and drainage were required during the
building of paths. The water-supply system has not been
changed, except for replacing rusted pipes at the stable
and leading water to the rock garden.

Details of these works will be found in the report of the
Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds hereto appended.

Boundary Fences and Entrances

In continuation of the boundary fence partly constructed
last year along the Southern Boulevard, about 200 running
feet of this fence were built during 1921 and the iron
railing for about 500 feet of it, uncompleted in 1920, was
purchased and set in place, the total length of fence
completed along this boulevard, during the two years,
including the Horticultural Garden Entrance, being 741
feet; there remains a length southward to Pelham Avenue,
unfenced, of 668 feet. The work accomplished in 1921
was made possible by an appropriation from the income
of the Russell Sage and Maria Olivia Sage Memorial Fund;
the entrance and part of the fencing built in 1920 were
obtained through a bequest of $5,000 by Mrs. Mary J.
Kingsland.*

A bequest of $5,000 by Mrs. Louisa Combe amounting,
with interest, to $5466.38, was expended during 1921,
after appropriation by the Board of Managers, for con-

*See Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 15; 138, 139. 1921.

(11)

struction of the Mansion Approach Entrance, with ad-
joining fencing on the Pelham Parkway, and about 100
feet of fencing was built here also through the income
of the Sage Fund; including this entrance, 234 feet of the
boundary construction was accomplished here. Altogether,
including the two entrances, the boundary has been thus
protected and ornamented during 1920 and 1921 for a
length of 975 feet, out of the estimated length of about
5,000 feet required, leaving about 4,000 feet to be provided
for. The continuation of this work is very important, and
it is hoped, that by means of the Special Development
Fund of 1922, to be raised by subscription, we shall be
able to build several hundred feet more fence along Pelham
Parkway and that funds for one of the driveway entrances
may also be obtained as a gift. A bequest of Mrs. Emma
Chambers Jones, $1,000, has been appropriated by the
Managers for the piers of one of the path entrances.

Buildings and Bridges

No new buildings were constructed during the year;
much necessary repair work was accomplished and this
is recorded in detail in the report of the Superintendent
of Buildings and Grounds hereto appended. Under a
contract awarded by the Commissioners of Parks the roof
of the great palm house at conservatory range No. I was
reglazed, with the exception of the upper dome, and all
wooden rafters and bars were replaced; except for minor
repairs from time to time this roof has lasted since it was
built in the year 1900. The roofs of houses 4 and 13 of con-
sevatory range No. 1 need similar renovation. Through the
work of our own painters and glaziers the roofs of the other
houses of this range have been kept in good order and
require only ordinary attention, although much painting
both inside and out should be accomplished this year as
well as some external painting at conservatory range No.
2. Repairs at the museum building included waterproofing

(12)

the roof and interior painting of walls; ordinary repairs
were accomplished at the smaller buildings, including an
almost complete renovation of the interior of the house
containing the public comfort station south of the Mansion.
At the Mansion two rooms were repainted and certain
collections of the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences which
have been housed in the northeastern room on the main
floor have been moved to the room just above it; the main
floor room is being developed as a gallery in cooperation
with the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America
for the illustration by paintings and otherwise of wild
plants needing protection.

Special Development Fund of 1921

The subscription fund for the development and im-
provement of grounds and collections, originated by the
authority of the Board of Managers in 1920, was continued
into 1921, and the following contributions were made to
it by members of the Garden:

Dr. Robert Abbe.....00 0000 0c cc ce cece cece enes $25
Mr. Fritz Achelis.... 2.000000 00k ccc ccc cece ec eeenenee 25
Mr. Edward D. Adams..........0.00. 0000.0 cece ce cece eceus 100
Mrs. George A. Armour........0.00 0000.0 cc cece cee aceeeues 25
Mrs. Robert Bacon....... 0.000.000 cece ence cece ceecee 50
Mr. George F. Baker... 2.0.0.0... 00.0 cece cece eecceeeceees 100
Mr. Henry eee cms Greece aah enue seee a eta cations cet 25

r. Eugene P. Bickn 25
Miss Elizabeth Billings. wg Pais Wihp teed Ass Gue@ elect ietvh nia Giang Dateey hat 25
Mr orge Blumenthal...........0.0 0000000000 cee eee eee 25
Mr. George S. Brewster. .....0 00000000 occ ccc ec ceeceeee 100
Dr, N. L. Britton... 2.0.0... ccc cece cece ee 1,000
Mr. C. A. Coffin... ccc ccc ccc ee cence. 50
Mr. James W. Cromwell........00. 000000000000 0000-2020... 200
Mr. Charles Deering.....000.00000 0000000 cccce cece eee. 250
Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge......00.00.0.0 0000 0c ccc cece ee. 100
Miss Katharine Du Bois..........000.00-00 0-0 cece eee eee. 50
Mrs. Coleman du Pont... 2.200.000... o ccc o cece cece cece ee. 15
Mr. Samuel W. Fairchild. ...0... 00000 c ccc cece cece cee. 25
Mr. Henry de Forest...000 0000 cece ee eee. 250

Mr. Murry Guggenheim... .....0 0.0.0. ccc cece cucececeucs 250
Mr. Edward S. Harkness........ 0000.0. c ccc ec ec eceecesues 500
Mrs. E. H. Harriman........000 00 cece cece cece anceecuees 100
r Havemeyer. 2... 2... cece cece eees 50
Miss Caroline C. Haynes............00. 00.0 cece ce cuaeeeuees 25
Mr. Bernhard oe a ees Seta enintsg ane chee eronvae nas 25
C. Jameson... cece cece eee en anes 25

Mrs. Walter ee Sadler ae ens sew eae ea ee wee 25
Mrs. Delancey Kane........ 0.0.0 cece cece cece ee eceeceeee 100
Mrs. John Innes Kane............ 000. cc eee e cece ec ceceeees 100
Mrs. John S. Kennedy............ 0000 ccc cece eens ee eeeues 15
Mrs, Gustav E. Kissel......0...0 00000. cccccceeeeceuceeuas 25
Mr. Edward V. Z. Lane....... 0.000. c ccc cee cence ee ees 100
Mr Riedoux yic3 sated ie he eas bein beta ou eaceeeces 10
MroG: Lever 63 vente site ins oh oe Sook ated ele eee hls 25
Mr. Adolph Lewisohn..........00.0 0.0.00 cc cece cee ee eeeees 100
rs. V. Everit Macy...... 0... cece eee ce cece cece ee eeeues 25
Mr. Emerson McMillin,........ 000... ccc cece cece even eene 100
Mri J.P: Morgan on. ois asiaadiaav ovcbawieae Jeane veewenans 250
Dre Be Re Morris x eset cerscctd ae cee gaye oie eh ohne leds 100
Mr. Charles Lathrop Pack............0.0 0.00 cc eee eee eee 100
Mrs. George W. Perkins... 0.0... 00. ccc cece cee eee ees 100
PT POV INS cies etvcoies acct, Seah tail cin eiast ass gina ree, 50

Ba Ric PlersOM ei or4 cd where ae Dead aan aed ea 25
Mrs. Harold Irving Pratt... 2.2.0... cece cece cece eee 100
Mr. William Rockefeller.......... 0... cece ec ee eee e cece ee 250
Mrs. James Roosevelt.......... 0c c cece cee eee e ee eeen es 25
Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee..... 00... cece eens 25
Mortimer L Lis tes eee or ore Pes ee 100

Mr. Leon Schinasi... 0.00.00 0. cc ccc cee eee sneer 1,000
Mrs. James A. Scrymser...... 0.0... cece cece cece ceca ee eees 500
Mr. A. R. Shattuck... 0... 0c cee ete eee en eee 25
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan... .... 0... ccc cece eee cence eee 25
Mr, bia IOAN Cs. cane viral is a canoe ee a ee 50
ines Atta Taide St Bearcat Ok ibd Maat eatatde ited alot $7,690

Through its expenditure (a small balance remaining)
the new iris garden and its path connections to the north,
east and south were completed; the new hardy fern garden
was completed and work was continued upon the roc
garden; further additions were made to the collection of
hardy lilies, by completing the expenditure of the contri-
bution made by Mrs. Fox in 1920; the path-system was
extended along the driveway opposite the collection of
rose-mallows, and partly built northward towards the

(14)

bridge spanning the gorge of the Bronx River; a much
needed flight of stone steps was built with a path approach
from the river path to the foot of the cherry garden valley
through the expenditure of Mr. Schinasi’s gift; a large
unsightly stagnant pond at the site of the new lilac garden
was filled, drained and the surface here nearly completely
regulated and graded; the rose garden and the new lilac
garden were connected by a path built through the rocky
gorge between them; a marshy tract west of the Bronx
River along Pelham Avenue was partly filled with earth
and may be regulated and graded in the spring; minor
improvements were effected elsewhere within the grounds.

The Special Development Fund for 1922 has been desig-
nated by the Board of Managers to be used for the develop-
ment of the southern part of the garden reservation
bordering Pelham Parkway, under the auspices of a
committee of the Women’s Auxiliary in cooperation with a
committee of the Scientific Directors; it is desired that
about $15,000 be subscribed.

Administrative

The Garden suffered a great loss on July 15th through
the death of Mr. George V. Nash, who had been Head
Gardener for a long series of years;* the position was filled
by the promotion of Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton, Supervisor
of Gardening Instruction.

Dr. Francis W. Pennell, who had served as an Associate
Curator for about seven years, resigned in August to
accept the curatorship of Botany in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;t the position was filled
by the appointment of Mr. James A. Crawford, of the
Buffalo Botanical Garden.

Dr. Arthur Hollick, formerly one of our curators, more
recently Director of the Staten Island Institute of Arts

* See Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 145-148. 1921.

tSee Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 171, 172. 1921,

(15)

and Sciences and an official of the United States Geological
Survey, returned to the Garden in July, as Palaeobotanist,
in charge of the large collections of fossil plants.

Reports Appended

I append reports made by Dr. Gleason, Assistant
Director; by Dr. Small, Head Curator; by Dr. Murrill,
Supervisor of Public Instruction; by Mr. Boynton, Head
Gardener; by Dr. Stout, Director of the Laboratories;
by Mr. Corbett, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds;
by Dr. Barnhart, Bibliographer; by Miss Harlow, Libra-
rian; by Dr. Hollick, Palaeobotanist; by Mrs. Britton,
Honorary Curator of Mosses; and the schedule of expendi-
tures by Mr. Groesbeck, Bookkeeper.

Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Britton,
Durector-in-Chief.
REPORT OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT AND ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual
report for the year 1921.

As in the previous year, the greater part of my time has
been devoted to the ordinary routine of administrative
detail. I had entire charge o the administration during
your absence in Trinidad early in the year, and am again
pleased to record the hearty cooperation of our staff and
employees.

The editorship of the Journal was transferred to Mr.
R. S. Williams, Administrative Assistant, at the beginning
of the year. Volume 22, for 1921, contains 230 pages and
13 full-page plates. The high cost of printing has again
compelled the strict limitation of its size and has conse-
quently impaired its usefulness. The Journal has also
been hampered by vexatious delays in publication, caused
by unsettled conditions in the printing trade and apparently

(16)

entirely beyond our control. It is hoped that 1922 will see
an improvement in punctuality and a decrease in cost.

Addisonia and Mycologia have appeared as_ usual
throughout the year.

Bulletin 40, the annual report for 1920, was published
Sep. 10, containing 104 pages and completing volume 10.
Bulletin a1, constituting volume 11 and containing 318
pages, appeared April 30. This number is devoted to
Dr. Rusby’s careful and detailed catalog of the economic
museum and has received much favorable criticism.

During the year 9 numbers of the Contributions have
been published, aggregating 170 pages, 16 plates, and
several figures in the text, as follows:

225. Descriptions of Cuban plants new to science, by
Dr. N. L. Britton.

226. Some plants from tropical sea gardens, by Dr.
Marshall A. Howe.

228. A graft-chimera in the apple, by Dr. A. B. Stout.

229. A botanical excursion to the Big Cypress, by Dr.
John K. Small.

230. “ Veronica” in North and South America, by Dr.
Francis W. Pennell.

231. Types of flowers and intersexes in grapes with
reference to fruit development, by Dr. A. B. Stout.

232. Notes on Rosaceae—XIII, by Dr. P. A. Rydberg.

233. A rearrangement of the Bolivian species of Cen-
tropogon and Siphocampylus, by Dr. H. A. Gleason.

234. Sterility and fertility in Hemerocallis, by Dr. A.
B. Stout.

During the summer the local herbarium was transferred
to the unoccupied portion of the room used for my office,
where it is much more easily accessible to students of the
local flora.

On June 2 I sailed for British Guiana on a botanical
collecting trip, returning Sep. 6. The narrative of this
trip has already appeared in the Journal (22: 161-168).
The chief scientific results have been the establishment of

(17)

scientific relations with the Department of Science and
Agriculture of British Guiana, the employment of native
collectors continuing work in the field, the discovery of
several undescribed species, and the addition of some two
thousand numbers to our collections.

Previous to my departure, my personal research was
devoted chiefly to a continuation of the work on certain
genera of Lobeliaceae. Since my return I have been
occupied with the organization of the South American
collections. Throughout the year I have served on the
editorial board of Botanical Abstracts and as a director of
the American Iris Society.

Respectfully submitted,
H. A. GLEAson,
Assistant Director.

REFORT OF THE HEAD CURATOR OF THE
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report as
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium for the
year 1921.

The collections under my supervision were conserved
and developed as in former years.

The specimens brought together during the year re-
present a very wide geographic range. The material
received was accessioned in installments in numbers of
the Journal. The accession lists there recorded maybe
summarized as fo.lows:

Specimens received through gifts and purchases........ 5,003
e . exchanges............... 15,226
bs a exploration.............. 14,046

Thus an aggregate of 34,275 specimens was added to
the permanent and duplicate resources of our public
exhibits and research collections. The value of the speci-
mens received as gifts is estimated at $136.30. About
17,500 duplicate specimens were sent to other institutions
and individuals as exchanges. Other specimens or credits
have been received in return.

(18 )
Museums

Two exhibition cases were added to the museum equip-
ment and miscellaneous specimens were interpolated in
the several divisions of the museums.

Economic Museum

The general rearrangement of this exhibit and the
interpolation of specimens were completed in the first part
of the year. The labelling of the newly added specimens
was continued.

Systematic Museum

The four divisions comprising the museum were main-
tained as heretofore:

The Synoptic Collection was increased by the addition
of a few specimens in the lower and the higher plant groups.
The two new museum cases referred to above were devoted
to exhibiting the flowers and fruits of the cacti represented
in the second volume of ‘‘The Cactaceae.’’

The Local Flora was enlarged by the interpolation of
specimens or illustrations in the lower groups.

The Microscope Exhibit was varied by the changing of
some of the specimens.

The Plant Picture Exhibit remained unchanged.

Fossil Plant Museum

The palaeontological collections were enriched by the
addition of fossil plants from the West Indies, Trinidad,
and Alaska.

The wall cases of the public exhibit were renovated and
the specimens relabelled.

Herbarium

An aggregate of 34,032 specimens were received during
the year. Some miscellaneous specimens came from the
Old World. The great bulk of the additions, however,

(19)

were derived from America, particularly from regions upon
which the active research work of the Garden is focused,
viz., the western states, Florida, Mexico, Central America,
Panama, West Indies, and northern South America. A
valuable addition was a large representation of the flora
of Juan Fernandez.

Specimens selected from those received during the year
and from those held over from former years, totalling
31,000, were mounted and incorporated in the permanent
collections. This increase represents about 15,310 her-
barium sheets. Specimens received for the Columbia
University herbarium were mounted and incorporated
in that collection, while the local flora herbarium was
increased by the addition of selected specimens gathered
within a radius of one hundred miles of the City of New
York.

Maintenance and Investigations

The curatorial work was executed by the several curators
and associate curators, some of whom have also partici-
pated in other activities approved by yourself, and all
of whom have prosecuted some line or lines of investigation
connected with the activities of the Garden.

r. P. A. Rydberg, Curator, was, as in former years, in
charge of the phanerogamic part of the herbarium. About
six weeks were devoted to finishing manuscript prepared
for North American Flora during the preceding year and
to studies on the North American tuber-bearing specimens
of the genus Solanum. During the remainder of the year
he was occupied most of the time with purely mechanical
work, such as moving the herbarium into the new cases,
fumigation, and sorting unmounted herbarium material.
Dr. Rydberg printed two papers written in former years,
viz., ‘‘Rosaceae, XIII”? and “Roses of the Columbia
Regions.”

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator, continued to have
special charge of the collections of Algae and Hepaticae.

(20)

His personal investigations included studies of collections
of algae made by himself in Porto Rico, and by others in
Alaska, Hudson Bay, and China, and of fossil algae from
Trinidad. As during the three years preceding, he has
given considerable time and attention to the improvement
and care of the Garden’s collection of living dahlias,
which now includes about five hundred varieties and has
developed into one of the most attractive and popular
of the Garden’s floral displays. He has continued to act
as associate editor of the publications of the Torrey
Botanical Club and has served as the Club’s delegate to
the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences, and
during the latter part of the year he also acted as the club’s
secretary. During the year also he has served asa member
of the Board of Control of Botanical Abstracts. Dr. Howe
has given three lectures in the Saturday afternoon courses
and several other lectures in New York City and vicinity.

Dr. Fred J. Seaver, Curator, has continued in charge of
the collections of lower fungi, the higher fungi being
looked after by Dr. W. A. Murrill. February 21 toApril
25 was spent in Trinidad by Dr. Seaver in company with
yourself, his time being entirely devoted to the collection
of fungi. Six hundred and forty seven collection numbers
were made, which are capable of division into more than
two thousand specimens for use as exchanges. One
hundred and fifty specimens of tropical rusts have already
been obtained from Dr. E. W. D. Holway in exchange for
an equal number of Trinidad rusts and other exchanges are
being negotiated. In addition, one hundred and sixty
specimens have been sent to Dr. J.C. Arthur in return for
his services in making determinations, a list of which is
ready for publication. Work is progressing on the study
and determination of other groups of fungi, especially as-
comycetes, many of which are undescribed, or represent
South American species not represented in our collections.
Manuscript on the genus Phyllosticta for North American
Flora is in type and one paper was published during the

(21)

ear. Two lectures were given in connection with the
regular Saturday afternoon course at the Garden. The
regular routine was maintained, and some time was
devoted to the work connected with injurious insects and
fungi.

Mr. Percy Wilson, Associate Curator, continued his
studies of tropical American plants, and made progress
in the preparation of manuscript for a flora of Porto Rico
and the American Virgin Islands, which is being written
in cooperation with yourself. Many miscellaneous col-
lections, as well as individual specimens of local flowering
plants, were determined by Mr. Wilson and considerable
time was devoted to preparing duplicate material for
distribution to other institutions. Over 3100 students
from both public and private institutions received his
personal instruction on the days when he acted as docent.

Dr. F. W. Pennell, Associate Curator, from January to
September, inclusive, continued his studies of Scrophul-
ariaceae. He published one paper on ‘‘ Veronica in North
and South America;’” but otherwise the nine months of
his stay at the Garden were mainly consumed in finishing
certain studies preliminary to his departure for the purpose
of assuming charge of the herbarium of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Two chief tasks were
the identification of nearly all our unnamed specimens of
the Figwort family and the indication on our sheets of
all American types and isotypes. He also prepared two
papers dealing with some overlooked genera and species
of Rafinesque, the latter only being limited to Scrophul-
ariaceae. Of course during the year much time was given
to necessary plant-determination and to aiding in the
purely mechanical herbarium work.

Mr. James A. Crawford, Associate Curator, since the
first of October, devoted most of his time to aiding Dr.
Gleason in connection with the plant collection he obtained
in British Guiana.

(22)

Dr. H. H. Rusby, Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections, developed the Economic Museum. (See his
report.

Mrs. N. L. Britton, Honorary Curator of Mosses,
developed the moss herbarium. (See her report).

Dr. Arthur Hollick, Palaeobotanist, from July to Dec-
ember inclusive, developed the fossil plant museum. (See
his report.)

The writer, besides curatorial routine, wrote articles for
the Journal and Addisonia, several of which have already
been printed in those publications. He continued in-
cidental studies in the flora and the phytogeography of
the eastern United States. These studies were supple-
mented by two week-end excursions to the mountains of
Pennsylvania and the Coastal Plain of Maryland for the
purpose of observing the box-huckleberry and for gathering
specimens of that shrub for growing in the Garden. He
devoted several weeks in the spring and the winter to
further exploration in Florida covering territory from the
Saint Mary’s River to Key West and to studies in the
reservations of Mr. Charles Deering in southern Florida,
where special plantations and plantings are being developed
for aiding in certain investigations regarding native plants,
such as zamias, palms, orchids, wild peppers, and cacti.
Aside from general collecting in the field, collections were
made from special sand-dune formations in the peninsula,
certain Florida Keys, and the shell-middens and burial-
mounds of the Florida aborigines.

Respectfully submitted,
Joun K. SMAtt,
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium

REPORT OF THE SUPERVISOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1921.

The lecture courses were still further extended during
the year and instruction by correspondence, interviews,
walks, etc., was given freely to all who applied.

(23 )
Lectures

Fifty-four illustrated public lectures on botanical and
horticultural subjects were given in the museum building on
Saturday and Sunday afternoons from April 30 to October
30 inclusive, the titles of which were published in the
Journal. Mr. Boynton was substituted for Mr. Nash on
July 30 and August 20. Dr. Howe and Dr. Pennell ex-
changed dates on August 6 and August 13. Members of
the garden staff gave 35 of the lectures and the remaining
19 were by outsiders. The attendance on Saturdays and
Sundays averaged 63 for the 36 spring and summer lectures
and 120 for the 18 autumn lectures. The maximun attend-
ance on Sunday was 219 on October 23, at the lecture by
Dr. Murrill, and the maximum attendance on Saturday
was 382, at the lecture given by Dr. Howe on September 24.
The general average for all the public lectures in the
museum building for the season was 81.

In March, April, and November, two courses of six
and four lectures, as published in the Journal, were given
in the central display greenhouse of conservatory range 2.
All the speakers, except one, were from the garden staff.
Dr. Murrill was substituted for Dr. Rusby on March 20.
The attendance was much better than last year, reaching
a maximum of 85 on November 6 and averaging 52 for
nine of the lectures, the other day being decidedly stormy.

A short course of lectures to members only was also
given in conservatory range 2 late in the fall but the
attendance was not very encouraging. A list of this
course was published in the Journal.

School Lectures and Demonstrations

Several classes in biology from various public high
schools have visited the garden for the study of living
plants and museum collections and for lectures in our
lecture hall. These have been under the general direction
of the school teachers, guided by myself and assisted by
various members of the garden staff.

(24 )
Docentry

Many special appointments were made in this depart-
ment, in addition to the regular schedule, so that fully as
many, if not more, persons visited the grounds under
guidance of members of the staff than during any previous
year. Parties of Girl Scouts were taken out by Mr. Wilson
every Saturday afternoon in May, following a preliminary
walk on April 30, and at intervals during the summer and
autumn groups of Girl Scouts and Biology pupils from the
various high schools were in evidence.

Dr. Van Evrie Kilpatrick visited the Garden on Saturday,
May 21, with a number of teachers from various parts of
the city and was shown exhibits of special interest in
connection with nature-study work. On the afternoon
of July 13, a group of about sixty students from the
Columbia University Summer Session visited the Garden
under the leadership of Mr. L. A. Crawford, assistant to
the director of the Summer Session. The party was met
at the Elevated Railway Station by members of the garden
staff and escorted through the grounds.

Meetings

The Brooklyn Institute held a field meeting at the
Garden on May 14 for the study of trees. Fifty members
of the Woman’s Municipal League, including the president,
Mrs. Frederick C. Hodgdon, and other officers, visited the
Garden on the afternoon of April 27 and were guided
through portions of the grounds and buildings. Tea was
served at the Mansion under the supervision of Mrs. M.
G. Starrett, who planned the excursion. The New York
Bird and Tree Club met Saturday, May 28, at the Garden,
taking their luncheon at the Mansion. The special object
of their visit was a study of trees.

Floral Exhibitions

The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation
with the New York Botanical Garden, held exhibitions

(25)

of flowers in the museum building on the dates given below.
The collections of irises, peonies, roses, dahlias, etc., on
the grounds also attracted large crowds of people.

May 14, 15. Exhibition of Flowers.

August 20, 21. Exhibition of Gladioli.

September 24, 25. Exhibition of Dahlias.

Personal Investigations

Lectures, editorial work, correspondence, docentry, and
other forms of public instruction have allowed very little
opportunity for strictly scientific work. Correspondence,
both general and mycological, has been unusually heavy.
Editorial work on Mycologia was continued as usual, and
the ‘‘Guide to the Economic Museum” was published
April 30. Two main articles on resupinate polypores and
several shorter articles on various subjects were prepared
for Mycologia. Considerable field-work was done at
Yama Farms, in the Southern Catskills. Several new
lectures included in the sixteen delivered by me, were
prepared for the various Garden courses, a list of which
will be found in the Journal for 1921.

Respectfully submitted,
W. A. MurRRILL,
Supervisor of Public Instruction.
REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report for
the year 1921.

Horticultural Operations

The planting and care of the plantations was carried
on under the supervision of Messrs. John Finley and H.
W. Becker, foreman gardeners for the outside and inside
plantations respectively, with a force of 29 gardeners,
14 laborers, and I apprentice gardener.

(26 )

In addition to the regular systematic plantings and the
large collections of tulips, gladiolus, etc., which were cared
for as usual, special plantings were made as follows: 80
small evergreen trees were planted on either side of the
Rose Garden steps and 9 yews in front of them; 9 yews were
planted back of the lily bed at the Horticultural Garden;
4 peony beds were made and about 120 plants set out
as the nucleus of the collection; additional iris, mallow,
and variegated plants were provided for; one new bed was
made at the south end of the Horticultural Garden for
the collection of narcissi. The latter were planted and
mulched in the autumn. One new bed was provided for
the collection of dahlias given by Judge Marean. In the
flower beds near conservatory range 1 shrubs, evergreens,
and perennials were replanted and rearranged and 70 lilacs
were planted in the lilac garden. Some of these were
taken from the Havemeyer collection at the foot of the
Museum approach, which was rearranged at the same
time.

Systematic Plantations

HERBACEOUS GROUNDS. The herbaceous collections
now comprise about 3,500 species and varieties in the
nurseries, herbaceous grounds, and flower beds. The
greatest additions have been made to the collections of
this type in the work on the fern and rock gardens, which
have been under the care of Dr. E. B. Southwick, in addi-
tion to the regular herbaceous grounds.

Woopy CoLuections. In the fruticetum, salicetum,
arboretum, pinetum, and viticetum the collections remain
about the same as last year, with the exception of the
addition of 20 poplars and willows to the arboretum and
salicetum and of 120 nut treesto the arboretumand nursery.

CONSERVATORIES. The collections under glass have
representatives of about 9,000 species and varieties of
plants, numbering some 21,600 individuals.

(27)

Range 1. During the past year two of our largest palms
have been taken down and the whole of house I rearranged.
Five of the largest specimens were planted out in rockery
foundations and the great bamboo group was reduced and
moved to house 13. The cool-house plants were removed
from house 14 and it is now entirely devoted to specimens
of palms and panama-hat plants. House 7 has been
supplemented with additional collections of Echinocereus
and Echinocactus from the study collection at the pro-
pagating house. This range now contains 8,300 plants.

Range 2. This range now houses collections of orchids,
bromeliads, ferns, cycads, and cool-house plants to the
number of 8,500. The central display house, in addition
to its annual display of acacias and other flowering plants,
has exhibited at different times during the year 2,000
plants in full flower, grown especially in this range for
exhibition purposes, and 1,000 orchid plants have been
displayed in another house.

Propagating Houses and Nurseries. Here are now located
4,800 plants including the study collection of cacti, cuttings,
propagating stock and young plants ready for transfer
to conservatories.

Miscellaneous Collections

Rose Garden. The winter losses among the roses were
replaced by some new plants, several weak varieties being
discarded in favor of some dwarf polyantha and hybrid
perpetual types.

Dahlia collection. The principal addition here of 50 new
kinds by Judge Josiah T. Marean, and other gifts, has
brought the number of dahlia varieties up to 502, 824
plants being grown this year, under the direction of Dr.
Marshall A. Howe.

Chrysanthemum collection. The hardy chrysanthemum
bed this year comprised 642 plants of 66 varieties, mostly
old varieties of last year’s collection.

(28 )

Gladiolus collection. Some 15,000 gladiolus bulbs were
planted in 8 beds of the Horticultural Gardens, including
207 distinct varieties, 20 of which were new to our collection.
A. E. Kunderd, of Goshen, Indiana, and John Lewis Childs,
Inc. of Flowerfield, N. Y., replenished thedisplays of their
varieties by gifts of 8,000 and 425 bulbs respectively.

Canna Collections. The cannas this year numbered
1300, in 70 varieties, including a new variety, Statue of
Liberty, the gift of the Conard and Jones Company, of
West Grove, Pa.

Iris Garden. The Iris garden now contains 773 varieties,
2200 plants, filling 15 beds, including 2 new ones made
this year. Over last year we have an increase of about
200 varieties and 700 plants.

Lily Garden. Some 250 bulbs were added to the Lily
collection, making about 800 plants, of about 21 kinds,
given by Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox.

Variegated Plant Collection. No changes were made in
this collection, which contains 718 plants of 66 kinds.

Collection of Tulips. Through the interest of Mr. John
Scheepers, the horticultural gardens, conservatory court
beds, and the fountain beds were planted this fall with
18,700 tulip bulbs given to the Garden by the Bulb Growers’
Society of Holland. Of these one half were planted in
the Horticultural Gardens and one half in the conservatory
court and fountain beds. This gift collection contains
varieties as follows: 75 early single varieties, 45 Darwins,
23 breeders, 24 Cottage, and 7 early double varieties.
Some 3,000 bulbs of our old collections were planted in
the conservatory flower beds.

Peony Collection. The new collection of peonies in-
stituted this year contains 120 plants, 50 varieties given
by Mrs. Edward Harding and 70 plants by Mrs. Charles
Dickey.

Narcissus Collection. 900 plants of Narcissus King
Alfred, a magnificent large yellow, given by Messrs. Eddy
and De Wreede, form the new narcissus collection,

(29 )

located in a large bed under the rocks in the southern
portion of the Horticultural Gardens.

Mallow Collections. Some gaps in this group were filled
in with plants from Dr. Stout’s experimental plats, making
a collection of about 540 plants in all.

Fern Garden. The collection of ferns, south of the
Herbaceous Grounds has been increased by some 8,000
plants collected by Dr. E. B. Southwick in their native
haunts, and by Mr. C. A. Weatherby and others.

Rock Garden. This collection, through the efforts of
Dr. Southwick, who has it in charge, now numbers about
2,500 plants, only the eastern side of the garden being
planted as yet.

The white and red pine, memorial Douglas spruce,
rhododendron, aquatic, and other miscellaneous collec-
tions remain the same as last year.

Labeling, Recording, and Herbarium

The work has been in charge of Mr. John Hartling,
Head Gardener’s Assistant, with a label boy part of the
time. A total of 4,767 labels and 97 family signs have been
prepared.

Accession numbers 49,194 to 50,441 have been recorded,
making a total of 1,247 accessions for the year. The
number of packets of seeds received was 961: by gift, 37;
by purchase, 239; by exchange, 672; by collection, 13.
The total number of plants received was 24,461: by gift,
20,934, including 18,700 tulip bulbs from the General
Bulb Growers’ Society of Haarlem, Holland, and 900
narcissus bulbs from Messrs. Eddy and De Wreede; by
exchange, 840; by purchase, 1963; by collection, 337; from
seed from various sources, 387. The herbarium of culti-
vated plants has been increased by 200 specimens.

The whole collection, including the plants native to the
tract, now comprises approximately 240 families, 2,000
genera, and 15,000 species and varieties.

(30)
Investigations and Lectures

I have given two lectures in the regular courses which
were scheduled for the late Mr. George V. Nash, and two
lectures in the special courses at conservatory range 2.
I have also assumed the curatorial work of the cultivated
collections and am now engaged in a preliminary checking
up of them.

Respectfully submitted,
KENNETH R. BoyNTON,
Head Gardener.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORATORIES

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1921.
General Matters

The laboratories, experimental greenhouse, and breeding
plots have been continued during the past year without
increase of space or expense over the maintenance of the
previous year. The routine duties incident to my position
have been performed. Miss Hester M. Rusk has continued
as Assistant in the laboratories, rendering efficient assist-
ance in the investigations in progressand in the performance
of routine duties.

Personal Investigations

The present year concludes ten years of my association
as a member with the staff of the New York Botanical
Garden. During this time my research has chiefly been
directed to experimental studies of phenomena of sterility
and fertility, and especially during the past four years
there has been in mind a very definite program for research.
In general this plan aims first to investigate all the various
types of sterility in plants, and secondly to apply the know-
ledge thus gained to the problems of fruit and seed pro-
duction in important economic plants and to the breeding

(31)

of such plants. Special investigations are also being made
of the phenomena of bud variation and the transmission
through seed and bud propagation of infectious and
physiological types of chlorosis.

During the past year the investigations in progress at
the Garden have included studies of Hemerocallis (several
species), Cleome spinosa, Lythrum Salicaria, and varieties
of the Irish potato in outdoor plantings; and of Plantago
lanceolata, several sorts of cultivated Pelargonium, two
species of Brassica, and one of Piaropus in a greenhouse.
Coleus and species of Lilium has been grown both indoor
and outdoor.

An extensive study of the various species of Lilium is
now well under way. Thirty-five recognized species have
now been assembled and it is planned to secure as many
others as is possible. These are being studied to obtain
further data regarding taxonomic relationships, sterilities,
and the best methods of propagation and culture. They
are also being bred and hybridized for the possible pro-
duction of new varieties. Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox is associated
with us in prosecuting these studies and it is due to her
financial support that the purchase of bulbs has been
possible.

A beginning has been made in the experimental study
of the factors determining the flowering of bulb plants,
but this research has been delayed from lack of green-
house facilities. It has, however, been determined that
species of Narcissus and Hyacinth exhibit physiological
incompatibilities in fertilization, a condition which,
believe, has never been previously recognized in these
plants.

I wish to extend as widely and as rapidly as possible
the study of phenomena of sterility to numerous species
not investigated to date. Additional space for culture in
greenhouses would greatly facilitate this study. At
present I am using the same amount of space in the green-
houses that was assigned to my use IO years ago.

(32)

A welcome opportunity to extend the studies of sterility
and fertility to economic plants grown on a large scale
has come through cooperation with the State Experiment
Station at Geneva, N. Y., in studies of the grape, and with
the Bureau of Plant Industry in studies of the Irish potato.
Of the work with grapes, I have recently submitted a
report which has been published in the Journal of the New
York Botanical Garden.

The successful breeding of the Irish potato from seed
is rather uncertain because its sterilities are not well
understood. The recent and rapid spread of various
physiological diseases threaten seriously to limit the grow-
ing of the standard varieties of today. Breeding from seed
for resistant varieties must, it seems, be prosecuted with
vigor. I have been investigating this plant for several
years and last summer I spent three weeks at Presque Isle,
Maine, cooperating with Professor William Stuart and
Dr. C. F. Clark of the Bureau of Plant Industry in a
general survey of varieties with reference to sterilities.
In the plots at the Presque Isle Station, covering more
than 40 acres, 112 varieties were represented and three
wild species of tuber-bearing solanums were being grown.

Three types of sterility are present in these solanums
the study of which offers a most interesting and prcfitable
investigation. Theresults already obtained, and the unusual
opportunities to coordinate research in these studies of
grapes and of the Irish potato are of such promise that
it is highly desirable that these cooperative studies be
continued.

Registered Students

The following persons have been duly registered for
research at the Garden during the year.

Findley, Hugh. Fertility and Sterility in Abution.
Glover, Clifford C. Taxonomy of the Caprifoliaceae.
Hamanaka, Kooshin. Genetics.

Hastings, George. T. Ecology. Taxonomy.

Johnson, Alice M. Sterility in Piaropus.

Lanfear, Mrs. L. H. Genetics. ytology

Smith, nomy

Ta
Stevenson, Mrs. Florence. Variegation in Faruciuh

(33)

Two of the above named, Mr. Findley and Mrs. Steven-
son have during the year completed requirements for the
degree of M. A.

Prof. L. O. Overholts, of Pennsylvania State College,
was the recipient of a scholarship during part of the month
of December.

Respectfully submitted,
A. B. Stout,
Director of the Laboratories.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS
ND GROUNDS

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1921.
Regulating and Grading

The greater part of the regulating and grading ac-
complished during the year was confined to the iris garden.
Nearly an acre of ground was graded and sodded and
along the path on the eastern side of the road leading to
the iris garden a bank 10 feet wide and 600 feet long was
also graded and sodded. Another bank 8 feet wide and
460 feet long was graded and sodded. This bank lies
along the path on the eastern side of the red pine collection.
The old lane in the red pine collection was graded and
surfaced with topsoil and it is now ready for planting.

Contractors working in the vicinity of the Garden and
looking for a suitable place to dispose of soil taken from
excavations, carted about 6,500 cubic yards of soil into
the grounds. This was done at the contractor’s expense.
It contained about 1,000 yards of topsoil and we stacked
this for future use at several places. Of the rough soil,
1,500 yards were placed on the new road at the northern
end of Long Lake, 800 yards were used to fill in the frog
pond, 2,500 yards were deposited in the lowlands near
Pelham Parkway, and 200 yards were used in the iris garden.

(34)

About 300 yards of stone were blasted in the quarry
near conservatory range 2 and were used for foundations
for fences and paths. The paths in the iris garden re-
ceived about 300 yards of stone that had been blasted
from the quarry north of the museum building.

Drainage

For the purpose of draining the rose garden and the
mansion road near the entrance, 170 feet of 8-inch drain
pipe, 136 feet of 10-inch drain pipe and go feet of 12-inch
drain pipe were installed. A catch-basin and a culvert
20 feet long, 18 inches high and 15 inches wide were built
and connected with the culvert that takes the water across
Pelham Parkway and thence into the Bronx River. Two
catch-basins and a culvert were built in the iris garden
and then connected with the culvert near the entrance to
the herbaceous grounds. The culvert was covered with
stone flags for a distance of about 80 feet. It opens into
a brook 3 feet wide and 200 feet long. The banks of the
brook were walled with boulders and its bed lined with
small round stones. Five single and two double culverts
were erected along the road east of the iris garden and a
large culvert 18 inches high and 2 feet wide was built
along the serpentine road so as to drain the surplus water
flowing from the iris garden into the brook. In order to
take the water from the propagating houses, a connection
was made with the sewer at Bronx Park East. For this
38 feet of 6-inch pipe were used. Thirty-six feet of 6-inch
pipe were used for drainage in the low ground and for
carrying water under the path on the eastern side of the
Bronx River north of the mansion.

Water Supply

A drinking fountain was placed in the recreation grounds
east of the iris garden and 225 feet of 1-inch galvanized
pipe were needed to connect it with the water main in the
iris garden. The water system was replaced in the stable,

(35)

necessitating the use of 260 feet of 114-inch galvanized
pipe. The water systems of conservatory range 1, the
comfort stations, and the fountains were repaired wherever
necessary.

Paths

A 10-foot path 690 feet long, leading from the rock
garden through the hemlock grove and to the serpentine
road, was built and completed. On the eastern side of the
road near the iris garden, a 10-foot path 580 feet long was
constructed, 460 feet of which were completed, and on the
eastern side of the serpentine road a path 600 feet long
and 10 feet wide was built and partly paved. The un-
finished path in the iris garden, 850 feet long, was also
finished, as was the uncompleted path leading to the
cherry-garden shelter-house. A 10-foot path 300 feet
long, approaching the falls, was constructed in the hem-
lock grove. At the southern end of the rose garden through
the glen an 8-foot path 290 feet long was also completed
and a 10-foot cross path 165 feet long was lined and made
ready for paving. The paths around conservatory range
1, those leading to the museum building, and other paths
throughout the grounds were resurfaced and rolled.

Buildings

The northern wall on the mezzanine platform in the
museum building was furred and plastered. The roof
over the library and over the western section of the
museum building received necessary repairs. The car-
penter repaired the doors and windows, made a map
cabinet for the director’s office and a table for the assistant
director’s office. The mezzanine floor and the western
hall and typewriting room on the top floor of the museum
building were painted. All necessary repairs to the
water system and the lavatories were made by the plumber
and the steam engineers made numerous repairs to the
steam system in the museum building.

(36)

The wooden rafters, bars, and glass were replaced on
the lower dome of house 1, conservatory range I, by a
contractor. Our painter replaced all broken glass and
painted the exterior of houses 6, 7, and 8 and the interior
of houses 7 and 8 of conservatory range 1. The masons
constructed two side benches in houses 7, 8, and 14 and
rebuilt the side wall of the entrance to the cellar of con-
servatory range 1. They also pointed the steps and stone
work. The carpenter built forms for the benches and
repaired the doors and sash wherever it was necessary.
The steam engineers made repairs to the steam system
of conservatory range 1 and replaced three sets of coils in
house 1 and two sets in houses 8 and 15. The plumber
repaired the water system and the leaders.

All the broken glass was replaced in conservatory range
2 and the propagating houses, and snow guards were
placed wherever needed. The roof of the stable was
repaired.

The water arches in five boilers of power house I were
removed and cast iron arches were installed instead.
Extra heavy brass pipe was used for making the connections.
The five fire boxes and arches were rebuilt by the masons.
At power house 2 two fire boxes and arches were rebuilt.

Extensive repairs were made in comfort stations I, 2,
and 4 and a set of five new urinals was installed in comfort
station I.

The windows, doors, and porches of the mansion were
repaired.

Grounds

Ten cedar benches were constructed by the carpenter
and as many received repairs. He also repaired the
railing along the Bronx River and made twenty signs.
The masons erected two concrete benches in the cherry-
garden shelter-house and three in the shelter-house in the
herbaceous grounds. We have continued to utilize all old
steam-pipe removed from conservatory range 1 for railing

(37)

along the paths. The plumber erected 785 feet of this
pipe along the path at the horticultural garden entrance.
It then received two coats of paint.

Two coats of paint were given to the fence built along
the boundary of Fordham University. The foundation
and wall along the Southern Boulevard were extended for
a distance of 200 feet. On top of this foundation we
placed nine 8-foot piers, with caps and coping stone, and
670 feet of 6-foot iron fencing. For a fence along Pelham
Parkway near the mansion entrance, a foundation 165 feet
long, 22 inches wide and 3 feet deep was erected, and over
this we constructed a wall 1 foot high and 18 inches wide.
We put up seven piers 20 inches square and 8 feet high,
with caps and coping stone, two gate piers 46 inches
square and 12 feet 9 inches high, and two 36-inch piers
9 feet high, and also erected 155 feet of iron fencing.
Along Pelham Parkway, midway between the Bronx
River and the Southern Boulevard, a cedar fence was
built 3 feet high for a distance of 450 feet. At the southern
end of Long Lake a similar fence was constructed 300 feet
long and 3 feet high.

By running the gasoline engine for eighteen days,
enough wood was cut from the fallen or dead trees to pro-
vide fuel for the propagating houses and the mansion for
two months. The uprooting of the poison ivy was con-
tinued.

Groups of young people, averaging nearly ten parties
each week from May until September, and consisting of
about 50 to 2,000 persons each, came to the Garden. These
children attended the public and Sunday schools of the
Boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx, and
some parties came from Jersey City. They were escorted
to our three picnic grounds where they would have their
lunches and frolic for the day. Special guards were de-
tailed to the picnic grounds daily.

( 38 )

On Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, from June until
September, two city officers in civilian clothes were assigned
to the Garden. Our own keepers and twelve guards
selected from the gardeners and laborers also aided in the
protection of the grounds. At all other times during the
year one police officer has been stationed in the Garden.
The officers of the Police Department placed over 200
persons under arrest for violations of the park ordinances.
The offenders were fined from one to ten dollars each by
the magistrates. During the summer months about 50,000
visitors came to the Garden on Saturdays and Sundays,
but during July and August this number was greatly
augmented. Little damage was done to our plantations
because of the constant vigilance of our employes.

It was necessary to assign a guard continuously in the
vicinity of the dahlia, canna, and gladiolus collections on
account of the number of admirers who visited them daily.
In fact, the dahlia collection had to be guarded both night
and day.

Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR J. CORBETT,
Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.

REPORT OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHER

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1921.

Bibliographic and editorial work, and the assistance
afforded to users of the library, have kept the time of the
bibliographer fully occupied.

Difficulties in the printer’s trade, which have been
referred to in several former reports, culminated in a
general strike in May. This strike has not been settled,
but conditions have been slowly approaching normal for
a long time without any formal settlement. All scientific
publication has been delayed, and the Garden has not
been exempt from the effects of the strike.

(39)

Only two parts of North American Flora have appeared
during the year. Volume 7, part 6 was issued in February,
and Volume 32, part 2, in May. The initial number of
Volume 6 is nearly ready, and another part is in the hands
of the printers. An abundance of manuscript is available
as soon as the printers can handle it, and the work has now
been divided between two printing establishments.

The final number of the fifth volume of Addisonia,
containing general indexes to the first five volumes, did
not appear until June, but the first number of volume 6
was issued only a few days later, and two other numbers of
this volume have since appeared. The concluding number
is not yet quite ready. The death of Mr. Nash, who had
been associated with the writer in the editorship of Addi-
sonia from its establishment in 1916, occurred while the
second number was in press. The editorship of this journal
has never been burdensome, but Mr. Nash was always
ready to do his full share of it thoroughly and cheerfully,
in spite of the fact that his other duties were always
pressing.

The publications of the bibliographer during the year
have consisted chiefly of brief papers in Rhodora and the
American Fern Journal, of biographical notices of persons
mentioned in the Schweinitz-Torrey correspondence, ap-
pended to that correspondence as printed in the Memoirs
of the Torrey Botanical Club, and of various biographic
foot-notes in the Journal of the New York Botanical
Garden. Three lectures were given in the Museum Building
on Saturday afternoons, in June, July, and October.

Respectfully submitted,
Joun HENDLEY BARNHART,
Bibliographer.

( 40 )
REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1921.

The census of the library recently taken shows a total
of 30,534 bound volumes, an increase of 584 over the
census of 1920. Of these there were acquired by purchase
152, by gift 33, and by exchange and deposit 56. Two
shipments were sent to the bindery and 424 books have
been bound, including 32 belonging to Columbia University.
The largest single purchase was that of over 100 volumes
and many pamphlets from the library of Dr. J. H. Barnhart.
This collection included, among other rare works, 32
original Linnaean dissertations. The principal accessions
have been listed as hitherto in the Journal.

There have been added to the catalogue 1,458 type-
written cards and 2,184 of the printed ones issued by the
Torrey Botanical Club. The filing of a large number of
guide cards in addition to those above mentioned has taxed
the capacity of the cases to the utmost and the installing
of an additional one seems imperative.

Since no list of serials currently received has been
printed since the report of the Librarian for 1916 (Bulletin
9: 342-363) and very many changes have occurred during
the intervening period, it seems highly desirable that such
a list should be appended to the present report.

Respectfully submitted,
SARAH H. Hartow,
Librarian.

(41)

LIST OF SERIALS.
*Serials subscribed for by the Gar
tSerials subscribed for by Columbia University and deposited at the Garden.
qSerials received in exchange by the Torrey Botanical Club and deposited
at the Garden.
§Serials wiiese receipt is temporarily interrupted.
All others are received in exchange by the Garden.

Agricultural oe Station, Auburn, Ala. [Publications.]

egee, Ala

a a “ itka, Alaska
i es mt Tucson, Ar 7
a ob 7 Sekatalgrs Ark .
“ f “ Berkeley, 7
i a a Fort Collin, ce ”

New Haven, Conn.
Storrs, Conn.

Newark, Del. m
os us “ Haina, Dom. Rep. W. I.
Gainesville, Fla.
Experiment, Ga.

uam.

Honolulu, Hawaii

7 i a Moscow, Id. “
Urbana, IU.

“ o . Lafayette, Ind. 7
Ames, lowa

tu “ Manhattan, Kan. -

Lexington, Ky.

Baton Rouge, La.

a“ i ie Orono, ;

“ “ : College Park, Md. “

“ u a Amherst, Mass. :

a of mt East Lansing, Mich. ‘“

“ “ a University Farm, St. “

: ‘

aul, Minn.
a “ a Agricultural College,

iss.

“a “ us Columbia, Mo. 7
“ “ “ Bozeman, Mont.
“ “ _ Lincoln, Neb. 2
“a “ 4 Reno, Nev. ”

(42)

Agricultural Experiment Station, Durham, N. H. [Publications.]
New Brunswick, N. J. “
e 7 7 State College, N. M. “
- - a Geneva, N. Y. -
! " i" Ithaca, N. Y. “
“ Raleigh, N. C.
a a “ Agricultural College,
N.D

st “ 2 Wooster, Ohio -
A " _ Stillwater, Okla. o
_ “ “ Corvallis, Ore. “
“ a - State College, Pa. “
Mayaguez, Porto
ico

i: * e Kingston, R. I. ie
u us Clemson College, S. C.“
* a i Brookings, S. Dak. "
oy e * Knoxville, Tenn.
College Station, Tex.
“ - 7 Logan, Utah -
Burlington, Vt.

Morgantown, W. Va.
i a os Madison, Wis. i
Laramie, Wyo.
Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, Sydney, N. S.
Agriculture Pratique des Pays Chauds: see L ‘aoriealaire
Pratique des Pays Chauds.
Alabama. Geological Survey, University, Ala. Bulletin,
Report, Monograph.
A Lavoura; see Sociedade Nacional de Agricultura, Rio de
Janeiro.
Algiers. Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord:
see Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord.
fAllgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Amateur des Champignons: see L’Amateur des Champignons.
America. Botanical Society: see Botanical Society of America.

(43)

America. Geological Society :see Geological Society of America.

America. Society of American Florists: see Society of Ameri-
can Florists.

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass.
Proceedings.

American Association of Museums, Providence, R. I. Museum
Work.

*American Botanist, Joliet, II.

*American Fern Journal, Auburndale, Mass.

*American Florist, Chicago, Hl.

American Forestry, Washington, D. C.

American Genetic Association: see Journal of Heredity.

American Geographical Society: see Geographical Review.

American Institute of Park Executives: see Parks & Recreation.

American Journal of Botany, Lancaster,

American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa.

American Midland Naturalist, Notre Dame, Ind.

American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
Bulletin, Report, Natural History.

American Peony Society, Clinton, N. Y. Bulletin of Peony News.

American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. Proceedings.

American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa. American Rose An-

nual.

*American Society for Horticultural Science, College Park, Md.
Proceedings.

Amsterdam. Koloniaal Institut, Amsterdam, Holland. Jaar-
verslag. Afdeeling Handelsmuseum. Bericht.

§Anales Cientificos Paraguayos: Botanica, Puerto Bertoni,

araguay.

Anexos das Mémorais do Instituto de Butantan: see Butantan.
Instituto de Butantan.

tAnnales des Sciences Naturelles: Botanique; Paris, France.

Annales Mycologici, Berlin, Germany

Annali di Botanica, Rome, Italy.

*Annals of Applied Biology, Cambridge, England.

*Annals of Botany, London, England

Annals of the Bolus Herbarium; see Bolus Herbarium.

Antwerp. Jardin Botanique, Antwerp, Belgium. Seed Lists.

Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, Mass. Appalachia.

Arcachon, Société Scientifique d’Arcachon: see Société

(44)

Scientifique d’Arcachon.
*Archiv der Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
*Archiv fiir Zellforschung, Leipzig, Germany.

Argentina. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina; see Sociedad Cien-
tifica Argentina.

Arkiv fér Botanik, Stockholm, Sweden.

*Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Bulletin of Popular
Information, Journal.

Arquivos Indo-Portugueses de Medicina e Historia Natural,

ova Géa, India.

Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, India. Journal.

*Association Francaise pour 1’Avancement des Sciences, Paris,
France. Compte Rendu.

Barcelona. Junta de Ciencies Naturals, Barcelona, Spain.
Anuari.

Barcelona. Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes, Barcelona,

pain. Memorias, Boletin.

Basel. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel, Switzerland.
Verhandlungen.

Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen: mathe-
matisch-physikalische Klasse, Munich, Bavaria. Sitzungs-
berichte.

Bayerische botanische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der heim-
ischen Flora. Munich, Bavaria, Berichte, Mitteilungen,
Kryptogamische Forschungen.

Belgium. Société Royal de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels,

Bengal. Asiatic Society: see Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Bergen’s Museum, Bergen, Norway. Aarbok.

Bergianska Tradg&rden, Stockholm, Sweden. Acta Horti
Bergiant.

{tBerlin. Botanischer Garten, Berlin, Germany. Notizblatt.

Bermuda. Department of Agriculture, Paget East, Bermuda.
Report.

Bern. Botanischer Garten, Bern, Switzerland. Jahresbericht,
Seed Lists.

Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. Occa-
sional papers.

{Bibliotheca Botanica, Stuttgart, Germany.

*Biologisches Centralblatt, Leipzig, Germany.

(45)

*Bolus Herbarium (University of Cape Town.) Annals.

Boston. Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners, Boston,
Mass. Report.

{Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Proceedings.

*Botanical Abstracts, Baltimore, Md.

Botanical Gazette, Chicago, Ill.

Botanical Society and pees Club of the British Isles,
Arbroath, Scotland. Repor

Botanical Society of ens Publications.

{Botanische Jahrbiicher, Leipzig, Germany.

*Botanisches Centralblatt, Jena, Germany

*Botanisches Centralblatt, Beihefte, Dresden, Germany.

tBotanisk Tidsskrift, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Botaniska Notiser, Lund, Sweden.

Botaniste: see Le Botaniste.

Brandenburg. Botanischer Verein der Proving Brandenburg,
Berlin, Germany. Verhandlungen.

British Columbia. Botanical Office, Vancouver, B.C. Annual
Report.
British Columbia. Provincia! Museum, Victoria, B.C. Re-
port.
= ae Society, Worcester, England. Trans-
actio

Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. Record, Contri-
butions, Leaflets, Memoirs.

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bulletin, Report, Science Bulletin, Children’s Museum News.

Brussels. Institut Botanique Léo Errera, Brussels, Belgium.

uedl,
ai Jardin Botanique de 1|’Etat, Brussels, Belgium.

Bocas Pittsburgh, Pa.

Buenos Aires. Museo de Farmacologia, Buenos Aires, Ar-
gentina. Trabajos.

Buenos Aires. Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Anales.

Buffalo Park Commissioners, Buffalo, N. Y. Annual Report.

Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, N. Y. Bulletin.

(46)

*Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Axnales.
Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Bulletin.
Bulletin du Jardin Colonial et des Jardins d’Essai: see L’

Agriculture Pratique des Pays Chauds.

Bulletin of Peony News: see American Peony Society.

Butantan. Instituto de pcan Seccao de Bot&nica,S. Paulo,
Brazil. Anexos das Mémo

Calcutta. Indian Museum, Cee India. Report on the
Industrial Section.

tCalcutta. Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, India. Anmals.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal. r0-

ceedings.

California State Board of Forestry, Sacramento, Cal. Bulletin,

Circular, Biennial Report.
California State Commission of Agriculture, Sacramento, Cal.
Monthly Bulletin.

California, University of. Berkeley, A ee in A gri-

cultural Sciences, Publications in Bota
California, University of: Cae ees of Tropical
Agriculture and Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Cal.
Publications.
*Canadian Field Naturalist, Ottawa, Can.
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C.
Year Book, Botanical Publications.
Carnegie Institution of Washington: Department of Botanical
Research, Tucson, Ariz. Report.
Carnegie Institution of Washington: Station for Experimental
Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. Papers, Report.
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Annals, Annual Report,
Memoirs.
Cellule: see La Cellule.
*Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung I, Jena, Germany.
*Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung II, Jena, Germany.
Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C. Bulletin, Contributions.
Chicago. University of, Chicago, Ill Contributions from the
Hull Botanical Laboratory.

Christiania. Hortus Botanicus, Christiania, Norway. Seed
Lists.

Christiania. Physiographiske Forening; see Nyt Magazin for
Naturvidenskaberne.

(47)

Christiania. Videnskabs-Selskabet, Christiania, Norway.
Skrifter.
Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Journal.

Cluj. Jardin Botanique, Cluj, Roumania. Bulletin, Seed Lists.

Colombia. Ministerio de Agricultura y Comercio, Bogota,
Colombia. Revista Agricola.

Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colo. Publications.

Colorado State Board of Agriculture, Denver, Colo. Annual
Report.

Colorado. University of, Boulder, Colo. Studies.

Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Annual Report,
Catalogue.

Connecticut. Geological and Natural History Survey, Hart-
ford, Conn. Bulletin

Copenhagen. Botanic Cudens: Copenhagen, Denmark. Ar-
bejder

Copenhagen. Société Botanique: see Botanisk Tidsskrift.

Cuba. Estacién Central Agronémica, Santiago de las Vegas,
Cuba, W. I. Bulletin, Circular, Report.

Cuba Review, New York, N. Y.

Cuba. Secretaria de Agricultura, Havana, Cuba. Revista de
Agricultura.

Cuba. Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural ‘‘Felipe Poey:”
See Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural “Felipe Poey.”’

Dansk Botanisk Arkiv, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Davenport Academy of Sciences, Davenport, Ia. Proceedings.

Delaware County Institute of Science, Media, Pa. Proceedings.

Denison University, Granville, O. Bulletin of the Scientific
Laboratories.

Der Pilz und Kraiiterfreund, Heilbronn a N., German

Desert Botanical Laboratory: see Carnegie Institution, De-
partment of Botanical Research.

Detroit. Commissioner of Parks and Boulevards, Detroit,
Mich. Annual Report.

{Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. Berichte.

Deutsche Dendrologische Gesellschaft, Wendisch-Wilmersdorf
bei Thyrow, Germany. Muitteclungen

Direccion de Estudios Biologicos: see “Niexiee: secretaria de
Tomento.

(48 )

Dorpat: see Jurjeff.
Dublin. Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
Seed Lists.
Durham. University of Durham Philosophical Society, New
Castle-upon-Tyne, England. Proceedings.
Dutch Guiana: see Suriname.
Ecological Society of America, Tucson, Ariz. Bulletin, Ecology.
tEdinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, Scotland. Trans-
actions.
Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Seed Lists, Notes.
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill, N. C. Journal.
Empire State Forest Products Association, Albany, N. Y.
Bulletin.
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Ill. Publications:
Botanical Series, Report Series.
Finnland. Forstwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft: see Forst-
wissenschaftliche aaa in Finnland.
*Flora, Jena, German
Florence. Istituto pene Coloniale Italiano, Florence,
Italy. L’Agricoltura Coloniale.
Florida. Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, Fla., Florida
Quarterly Bulletin, Biennial Report.
Florida State Geological Survey, Tallahassee, Fla. Annual
Report.
Florist’s Exchange, New York, N. Y.
Flower Grower, Calcium, N. Y
Forest Leaves: see Pennsylvania Forestry Association.
Forstwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft in Finland, Helsingfors,
Finland. Acta Forestalia Fennica.
tFrance. Société Botanique de France, Paris, France. Bul-
letin.
France. Société Dendrologique de France, Paris, France.
Bulletin.
jFrance. Société Mycologique de France, Paris, France. Bul-
elin.
Frankfort on Main. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesel-
schaft, Frankfurt a,/M., Germany. Berichte.
tGarden, London, England.
*Garden Magazine, New York, N. Y.

(49)

{Gardener’s Chronicle, London, England.

Gardener’s Chronicle of America, New York, N. Y.

*Gardening, Chicago, Ill.

*Gartenflora, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.

*Genetics. Princeton, N. J. i

Geneva. Jardin d’Acclimatation Alpin, Geneva, Switzerland.
Seed Lists.

Geneva. Jardin Botanique de Genéve, Geneva, Switzerland.
Annuaire.

Geneva. Société Botanique de Genvée, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bulletin.

Geneva. Université de Genéve: Laboratoire de Botanique,
Geneva, Switzerland. [Etudes.]

Geographical Review, New York, N. Y.

Geological Society of America, New York, N. Y. Bulletin.

Gray Herbarium: see Harvard University.

Groningen. Jardin Botanique de 1’Université, Groningen,
Holland. Seed Lists.

Hamburg. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Hamburg, Ger-
many. Verhkandlungen, [Botanical papers from the Abhand-
lungen}.

Hamburgische Institut fiir allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg,
Germany. Mitteilungen.

*Hardwood Record, Chicago. III.

Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Contributions &
Memoirs from the Gray Herbarium, Contributions from the
Cryptogamic Laboratory, Contributions from the Phanerogamic

Laboratory.

Havana. Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas y Naturales
de la Habana, Havana, Cuba. Anales.

Havana. Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba. Revista
de la Facultad de Letras y Ciencias.

Hawaii. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, T. H. Report, Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist.

Hawaii. Sugar Planters’ Association Experiment Station,
Honolulu, T. H. Report, Bulletin.

tHedwigia, Dresden, Germany.

Helsingfors. Universitets Botaniska Institution, Helsingfors,
Finland. [Miscellaneous botanical reprints and papers.

Holland. Société Botanique Néerlandaise: see Société Botani-

(50)

que Néerlandaise.

Hooker’s Icones Plantarum: see Icones Plantarum.

Horticulture, Boston, Mass.

Hortus Thenesis: see Tirlemont.

Hull Botanical Laboratory: see Chicago University.
tIcones Plantarum, London, England.

Illinois Academy of Science, Springfield, Ill. Transactions.

Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Ill. Bulletin.

Illinois. University of, Urbana, Ill. Biological Monographs.

India. Agricultural Research Institute and College, Pusa,

India. Annual Report.
India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India. Records.
India. Department of Agriculture in India, Pusa, India.
Memoirs.

*India Rubber World, New York, N. Y.

Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Ind. Proceedings.

Indiana Horticultural Society, LaFayette, Ind. Transactions,

Hoosier Hortvculture.
Instituto de la Salle: see Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales del
Instituto de la Salle.
nines Institute of Agriculture, Rome, Italy. Jnter-
national Crop Report and Agricultural Statistics, International
parle of Agricultural Economics, International Review of the
Science and Practice of Agriculture.

Iowa Academy of Sciences, Des Moines, Iowa. Proceedings.

Iowa Department of Agriculture, Des Moines Iowa. ear-

book.

Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames,

Iowa. Contributions from the Botanical Department.
Iowa State University, Iowa City, Iowa. Studies in Natural
History.

Irish Gardening. Dublin, Ireland.

Italy. Societa Botanica Italiana: see Societa Botanica Italiana.
*Jahrbiticher fiir Wissenschaftliche Botanik, Leipzig, Germany
*Jahresbericht der Vereinigung der Vertreter der Angewandten

Botanik, Berlin, Germany.
{Jahresbericht tiber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den
Pathogenen Mikroorganismen, Leipzig, Germany.

Jamaica. Department of Agriculture, Hope Gardens, King-

ston, Jamaica. Annual Report.

(51)

Java. Proefstation voor Suikerriet in West Java, Dutch East
Indies. Mededeelingen.

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Circulars.

§*Journal d’Agriculture Tropicale, Paris, France.

*Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, E

Journal of the Arnold Arboretum: see Arnold Arborteum.

*Journal of Bacteriology, Baltimore, Md.

*Journal of Biological Chemistry, Baltimore, Md.

fJournal of Botany, British and Foreign, London, England.

*Journal of Ecology, Cambridge, Eng.

*Journal of Forestry, Washington, D. C.

*Journal of General Physiology, Baltimore, Md.

*Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, Eng.

*Journal of Heredity, Washington, D. C.

*Journal of Indian Botany, Madras, India.

§Jurjeff. University of Jurjeff (Dorpat), Russia. Acta Horti
Botanict Jurjevensis.

Kansas Academy of Sciences, Topeka, Kans. Transactions.

Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Topeka, Kans. Quarterly
Report, Biennial Report.

Kansas University Science Bulletin, Lawrence, Kans.

Kew. Royal Gardens, Kew, England. Bulletin of Miscel-
laneous Information.

§Kharkow. Société des Naturalistes de I'Université Imperiale 4
Kharkow, Kharkow, Russia. Travaux.

*La Cellule, Lierre, Belgium.

L’Agricoltura Coloniale: see Florence, Istituto Agricolo.

§*L Agriculture Pratique des Pays Chauds, Paris, France.

§*L’Amateur des Champignons, Paris, France.

*Landscape Architecture, Brookline, Mass.

La Nouva Notarisia, Modena, fealy,

La Plata. Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Revista.

*Leaflets of Philippine Botany, Manilla, P. I.

*Le Botaniste, Paris, France.

Leland Stanford Junior University: see Stanford University.

Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec, Canada.

Leyden. Ryks Herbarium, Leyden, Holland. Mededeelingen.

Leyden. University Botanic Garden, Leyden, Holland. Seed
Lists

Lilly Set Bulletin, Indianapolis, Ind.

(52)

{Linnean Society, London, England. Transactions: Botany,
Journal: Botany.

§tLisbon. ae eee Camara Pestana, Lisboa,
Portugal. Argqu

Lloyd Library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mycological Writings.

London. Royal Botanic Society, London, Eng. Quarterly
Summary and Meteorological Readings.

London. Royal Colonial Institute, London, Eng. United
Empire, Yearbook.

London. Royal Horticultural Society, London, England.
Journal.

tLondon. Royal Microscopical Society, London, England.
Journal.

na

Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans, La. teed Report.
Lund. Hortus Botanicus, Lund, Sweden. Seed L

Luxemburg. Société des Naturalistes: see Société o oe
istes Luxumbourgeois.

Lyons. Société Botanique: see Société Botanique de Lyon.

Macon. Société d’Histoire Naturelle: see Société d'Histoire
Naturelle de Macon.

Madrid. Hortus Botanicus, Madrid, Spain. Seed Lists.

Maine. Commissioner of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine. Re-
port.

Maine. Forest Commissioner, Augusta, Maine. Report.

tMalpighia, Genoa, Ita

Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester, England.
Publications

Marcellia, Avellino, Italy.

Marseilles. Musée Colonial, Marseilles, France. Annales.

Maryland Geological and Natural History Survey, Baltimore,

[Publications.]

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Trans-

actions

Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Boston, Mass.
Annual Report.

Mazama, Portland, Ore.

Mexico. Direccion General de Agricultura, San Jacinto, Mex.
La Revista Agricola.

Mexico. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento: Direccion de
Estudios Biologicos, Mexico, Mex. SBoletin.

(53)

Michigan Academy of Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. Report.

Minnesota. Geological and Natural History Survey, Min-
neapolis, Minn. [Publications.|

Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Annals, Bulletin.

Missouri State Board of Agriculture, Columbia, Mo. Monthly
Bulletin, Year Book.

aera University of, Columbia, Mo. Bulletin; Science

Sert

{Monatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde, Neudamm, Germany.

§Moscow. Institut Agronomique, Moscow, Russia. Axnales.

§Moscow. Société Impériale des Naturalistes, Moscow, Russia.
Bulletin.

Mountaineer, Seattle, Wash.

Munich, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften: see Bayer-
ische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Musée Teyler, Haarlem, Holland. Archives.

Museum Work: see American Association of Museums.

Naples. Societa di Naturalisti: see Societa di Naturalisti in
Napoli.

Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Jahrbicher.

Natal Herbarium, Durban, Natal. [Papers by the mycologist.]

National Academy of Sciences, Baltimore, Md. Proceedings.

§Naturae Novitates, Berlin, Germany.

Natural History: see American Museum of Natural History.

Naturaliste Canadien: see Le Naturaliste Canadien.

*Nature, London, England.

Nature Study Review, Ithac :

ae sie State Horticultural ae Lincoln, Neb. Annual

Report.

Nederlandsch-Indie. Department von Landbouw, Niverheid
en Handel, Buitenzorg, Java. Jaarboek, Mededeelingen.

Nerderlandsch Kruidkungig Archief: see Société Botanique
Neerlandaise.

ata Shade Tree Commission, Newark, N. J. Annual
Repor

New poe Botanical Club: see Rhodor

New Jersey State Horticultural Society, Trenton, N. J. Pro-
ceedings.

*New Phytologist, London, England.

(54)

New South Wales. Linnean Society, Sydney, N.S. W. Pro-
ceedings.

New York Academy of Sciences, New York, N. Y. Annals.

New York. Art Commission, New York, N. Y. Annual
Report.

New York. Conservation Commission, oe N.Y. Annual
Report, Bulletin,* The Conservationts

New York Farmers, New York, N. [ Proceedings.

New York Horticultural Society, New York, N. Y. Journal.

New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N. Y.
Bulletin.

New York. Municipal Art Society, New York, N. Y. Bulletin.

New York. Municipal Reference Library, New York, N. Y.
Notes.

New York Public Library, New York, N. Y. Bulletin.

New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University,
ioe N. Y. Bulletin, Press Bulletin, Technical Pub-

icatio

New York State Department of Agriculture, Albamy, N. Y.
Annual Report.

§New York State es Association, Syracuse, N. Y. New
York Forestry, The Riv

New York State eee - Applied Agriculture. Farmingdale,
L The Furrow.

New York State Museum of Natural History, Albany, N. Y.
Annual Report.

New York Zoological Society, New York, N. Y. Report, News
Bulletin.
New Zealand. Department of Agriculture, Wellington, New
Zealand. Annual Report, Bulletin, Journal of Agriculture.
Nictheroy. Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicinia Veter-
inaria. Nictheroy. Brazil. Archivos.

North Carolina. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C.
Bulletin.

Norway. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, Trondh-
jem, Norway. Skrifter.

Nova Gé6a. Instituto Bacteriologico: see Arquivos Indo-
Portugueses de Medicin e Historia Natural.

Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Halifax, N.S. Proceedings
and Transactions.

(55)

Nuova Notarisia; see La Nuova Notarisi
Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano: see Societa Botanica

Italiana.

§Nuremberg. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Nuremberg, Ger-
many. Abhandlungen, Mitteilungen.

Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Christiania, Norway.

Ohio (State) Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. Bulletin.

Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio.

Ohio State Academy of Science, Columbus, Ohio. Proceedings.

Ohio State Board of Agriculture, Columbus, Ohio. Annual
Report.

Ohio State University Scientific Society: see Ohio Journal of
Science.

Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, Okla. Bulletin.

*Orchid Review, London, England

Oregon State Board of Horticulture, Salem, Ore. Biennial

Report.

tOsterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, Vienna, Austria.
ttawa. Central Experiment Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Bul-
letin, Report, Seasonable Hints.

Palermo. R. Orto Botanico, Palermo, Italy. Bolletino.

Palisades Interstate Park Commissioners, New York, N. Y.

rt.

Paraguay. Anales Cientificos Paraguayos: Botanica: see
Anales Cientificos Paraguayos.

Paris. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Bulletin,
Notulae Systematicae.

Park and Cemetery, Chicago, II.

*Park International, Washington, D. C.

Parks and Recreation, Minot, N. D.

Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pa.
Annual Report, Bulletin.

Pennsylvania Department of Forestry, Harrisburg, Pa. Re-
port, Bulletin.

en Forestry Association, Philadelphia, Pa. Forest
Leave

bare: University of, Philadelphia, Pa. Contributions
from the Department of Botany

Peradeniya. Royal Botanic Gardéns: Peradeniya, Ceylon.
Annals.

(56)

§Petrograd. Academie des Sciences, Petrograd, Russia. Travaux
du Musée Botanique.
§Petrograd. Institut et Jardin Botanique de Cre
Petrograd, Russia. Scripta Botanica, Seed Lis
§tPetrogad. Jardin Botanique, Petrograd, Russia. Gee Bulletin,
Seed Lists.
Philadelphia. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
Proceedings.
Philadelphia Commercial see Philadelphia, Pa. Report.
Philippine Agriculturist, Los Bajfi
Philippine Islands. Bureau of ae Manila, P. I.
Report, Bulletin, Philippine Agricultural Review, Philippine

Farmer.

Phillippine Islands. Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I. Philip-
pine Journal of Science.

*Physiological Researches, Baltimore, Md.

oo Association of America, New York, N. Y. The
Playgro

Portici. o Seiola Superiore di Agricoltura, Portici, Italy.

li.

Portland Society of Natural History, Portland, Me. Pro-
ceedings.

Porto Rico. Department of Agriculture and Labor, San Juan,
P. R. Revista de Agricultura.

Porto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor. Insular
Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, P. R. Bulletin, Circular
Journal of Agriculture. Report.

Preservation of Native Plants: see Society for the Protection
of Native Plants.

§*Progressus Rei Botanicae, Jena, Germany

Puget Sound Marine Station. Seattle, Wash. Publications.

Quarterly Journal of Forestry, London, Eng.

Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants, Quebec, Can.
Annual Report.

tRepertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis, Berlin,
Germany.

Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria,
La Plata, Argentina.

*Revue de Géologie, Liége, Belgium.

tRevue Générale de Botanique, Paris, France.

(57)

*Rhodora, Boston, Mass.
Rio de Janeiro. Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Archivos.
Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. Archivos.
*Rivista di Patologia Vegetale, Pavia, Italy
Rome, International Institute of Agriculture: see International
Institute of Agriculture, Rome.
Rome. R. Istituto Botanico: see Annali di Botanica.
Royal English Arboricultural Society: see Quarterly Journal
of Forestry.
Royal Gardens, Kew: see Kew, Royal Gardens.
Royal Horticultural Society: see London, Royal Horticultural
Society
Royal Microscopical Society: see London, Royal Microscopical

St. Louis. Academy of Science, St. Louis, Mo. Transactions.

Santo Domingo. Secretary of Agriculture and Immigration,
Santo Domingo, 5S. D. Revista de Agriculture.

Saone-et-Loire. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Saone-et-
Loire, Chalon-sur-Saone, France. lletin

Sad Paulo. Museu Paulista, Sad Paulo, Brazil. Revista.

Sapporo Natural History Society, Sapporo, Japan. Transactions.

Sapporo. Tohoku Imperial University, College of Agriculture,
Sapporo, Japan. Journal.

Saragossa. Asociacion de Labradores de Zaragoza, Saragossa,
Spain. Boletin.

Scafati. R. Istituto Sperimentale di Scafati, Salerno, Italy.
Bollettino Tecnico.

Schweizerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Bern, Switzerland.
Berichte.

Science, Garrison, N. Y.

Scientific Monthly, Garrison, N. Y.

Selborne Magazine and Eads oe London, pie d.

Senckenbergische Naturf ee Frankfurt.

Singapore. Botanic Gardens, Singapore vai Settlements.
Annual Report, Gardens’ Bullets

Smithsonian Institution, United oe National Museum,
Washington, D. C. Report.

Sociedad Cientifica ‘‘Antonio Alzate,’”’ Mexico, Mexico.
Memorias y Revista.

(58)

Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Anales.

Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural “Felipe Poey,’”’ Havana,
Cuba. Memorias.

§Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales del Instituto de la Salle, Bogota,
Colombia. SBoletin.

Sociedade Broteriana, Jardim Botanico, Coimbra, Portugal.
Boletim

Sociedade: Nacional de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
A Lavoura.

{Societa Botanica Italiana, Florence, Italy. Bullettino, Nuovo
Giornale Botanico Italiano, Bulletino Bibliografico.

Societa di Naturalisti in Napoli, Naples, Italy. Bollettino.

Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsingfors, Finland.
Acta Meddelanden.

Société Botanique de Lyon, Lyons, France. Aznales.

Société Botanique Néerlandaise, Nijmegen, Holland. Neder-
landsch Kruidkungdig Archief, Recueil des Travaux botaniques
Néerlandats.

Société d’Histoire Naturelle de 1’Afrique du Nord, Algiers,
Algeria, Bulletin.

Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Macon, Macon, France.
[Publications.]

Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, Luxemburg, Grand
Duché de Luxembourg. Bulletins Mensuels

Société Scientifique d’Arcachon (Station Biolosiqité), Arcachon,
France. Bulletin.

§Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, Lausanne, Switzer-
land. Bulletin.

sa for Experimental Biology and Medicine, New York,

Proceedings.

a for the Protection of Native Plants, Boston, Mass.
Leaflets.

*Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science. Proceedings.

Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.
Proceedings.

*Soil Science, Baltimore, Md.

§South Africa, Union of, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria,
S. Africa. Agricultural Journal.

Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles, Cal.
Bulletin.

(59)

Springfield. Museum of Natural History, Springfield, Mass.
Bulletin.

Stanford University, Cal. Publications. University Series,
Biological Science.

Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, New Brighton,

Proceedings, Museum Bulletin.

Stockholm. Bergianska Tradgfrden: see Bergianska Trad-
garden.

Stockholm. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademien: see Sweden.

Stockholm. Statens Skégsforséksanstalt, Stockholm, Sweden.
Meddelanden.

Suriname. Department van den Landbouw, Paramaribo,
Dutch Guiana. Bulletin, Verslag.

{Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, Stockholm, Sweden.

Sweden. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien: see Ar-
kiv fér Botanik.

Sweden. Sveriges Utsidesférening, Svaléf, Sweden. Tidskrift.

Sydney Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. Report.

Sydney. Technological Museum, Sydney, New South Wales.
- Publications.

Tasmania. Royal Society, Hobart, Tasmania. Papers and
Proceedings.

The Botanical Society and Exchange List of the British Isles:
see Botanical Society and Exchange List.

The Conservationist: see New York Conservation Commission.

The Cuba Review: see Cuba Review.

The Playground: see Playground Association of America.

The Scientific Monthly: see Scientific Monthly.

The Selborne Magazine and Nature Notes: see Selborne
Magazine and Nature Notes.

Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar, Germany. Miut-
theilungen.

§Tiflis. Jardin Botanique, Tiflis, Russia. Travaux, Moniteur,

{Tokyo Botanical Society, Tokyo, Japan. Botanical Magazine.

Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agriculture, Tokyo,
Japan. Journal.

Toronto. University of Toronto, Canada. Studies; Ana-
tomical Series, Biological Series, Geological Series, Patho-
logical Series, Physiological Series.

(60 )

Torrey Botanical Club, New York, N. Y. Bulletin, Memoirs,
Torreya.

Trajectum: see Utrecht.

oe pea aes of Trinidad and Tobago, Trini-
dad, . Proceedin

Trinity ae Dublin. ena Notes from the Botanical
School.

Troms¢ Museum, Troms¢, Norway. Aarshefter, Aarsberetning.

Tucuman. Universidad de, Tucuman, Argentina. [Publi-
caciones.

Union of South Africa: see South Africa, Union of South
Africa.

United Empire: see London, Royal Colonial Institute.

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
All Publications.

United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Bulletin,
Annual Report, Monographs, Professional Papers.

United States National Museum: see Smithsonian Institution,
United States National Museum.

Upsala. Kgl. Universitit, Upsala, Sweden. Botanical Re-
print, Seed Lists.

Upsala. Regia Societas Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Upsala,
Sweden. Nova Acta.

Utrecht. Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Rheno-Traiectinae,
Utrecht, Holland. Seed Lists.

Vermont. Commissioner of Agriculture, Burlington, Vt. An-

Victoria. Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, Melbourne,
Australia. The Victorian Naturalist.

§*Vienna. K. K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna,
Austria. Adhandlungen.

§fVienna. K. K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna,
Austria. Verhandlungen.

Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Norfolk, Va. Bulletin.

Wageningen. Landbouwhoogeschool, Wageningen, Holland.
Mededeelingen.

*Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Journal.

Washington. Biological Society of Washington, Washington,
D.C. Proceedings.

(61 )
Washington. Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Re-

port.

Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories, London, England.
Papers.

West Indies. Agricultural Department, Barbados, W. I. Bul-
letin, Agricultural News.

West Java. Proefstation voor Suikerriet: see Java, Proef-
station

Wild Flower Preservation Society of America, New York, N. Y.
Circulars.

Wisconsin Academy of Arts and Sciences, Madison, Wis.

Transactions.
Wisconsin. University of, Madison, Wis. Bulletin, Science
Series.

Woman’s National Farm and Garden Association, Chicago, III.
Farm and Garden.

World Agriculture, Amherst, si

*Zeitschrift fiir Botanik, Jena, German

*Zeitschrift fiir induktive a a Vererbungslehre,
Berlin, Germany.

§tZeitschrift fiir Pflanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, Germany.

*Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzenzuchtung, Berlin, Germany.

*Zeitschrift ftir Physiologische Chemie, Strassburg, Germany.

*Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie, Brunswick,
Germ ae

Ziirich. turforschende Gesellschaft, Ziirich, Switzerland.
Een aaet

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF MOSSES

Dr. N. L. Britton: Director-in-Chief.

Sir: The accessions for the year 1921 number 2,539 and
2,021 duplicates have been distributed as exchanges. We
have received some valuable collections from tropical
American regions: Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico,
Guatemala, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia,
and British and French Guiana. The American Museum
of Natural History has sent the remaining duplicates of
Dr. Hovey’s collections in Greenland; the National

( 62 )

Herbarium in Washington has utilized our knowledge by
sending many unnamed specimens for determination. Mr.
Williams has studied a collection of mosses from the Frazer
River region for the Geological Survey of Canada and his
determination have been published in the Report of the
Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18. He has also studied,
for Yale University, a collection of 480 specimens from
Michigan, made by Dr. Nichols, and made critical examina-
tions for Mr. Holzinger’s Musci Acrocarpi Boreali-
Americani Exsiccatae fascicle 17, numbers 401-425. We
have purchased from the Bureau of Science in Manila
170 Philippine specimens. The National Museum sent
us a set of African mosses named by H. N. Dixon and
Professor Brotherus has sent us 109 fromJapan. Professor
Cockerell collected a few in Portugal and Madeira and Dr.
Evans has sent in exchange a few from Java. We have re-
ceived specimens for naming from Quebec; Maine, Vermont;
Pennsylvania; North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and
Florida; Texas and Missouri; Minnesota and Michigan;
Colorado, Idaho and Montana; Alaska and British
Columbia.

The collection of lantern slides has been increased by
292 colored slides and 124 uncolored slides and 304 nega-
tives have also been added.

Acting as secretary for the Stokes’ Fund and the Wild
Flower Preservation Society I have answered letters,
distributed literature, and given several lectures to Garden
Clubs in the vicinity of New York.

Respectfully submitted,
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON,
Honorary Curator of Mosses.

( 63 )
REPORT OF THE PALEOBOTANIST

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director -in-Chief.

Str: I have the honor to report as follows upon paleo-
botanical activities during the year 1921.

During the period from January 1 to June 30 I was in
Washington, D. C., engaged upon work on the fossil flora
of Alaska for the U. S. Geological Survey. Since then work
in connection with the Garden has occupied my entire
time and attention.

A system of recording paleobotanical specimens by lot
and accession numbers was inaugurated, in a suitable
record book. At date fourteen lots, including 355 specimens,
have been listed and each specimen marked with its lot
number so that it may be readily identified if at any time
misplaced. Three of these lots—from Siparia, Moruga,
and Matchepoorie Hill, Trinidad—which include eighty-
four specimens, collected by Mr. Gilbert Van Ingen, under
your direction, in the early part of the year, have been
accessioned as of the year 1921 and added to the Museum
collections. Also one lot, from the Province of Bahia,
Brazil, which includes 150 specimens, obtained through
exchange, has been added.

A thorough revision was made of the exchange list of
writers on paleobotanical subjects, and, in particular,
systematic effort was made to effect a resumption of
correspondence and exchange of publications with Europ—
ean authors with whom communication had been cut off
or interrupted during the period of the war. Responses
were received fron eleven American and fourteen foreign
correspondents, and fifty-three separate paleobotanical
publications have been received to date, from twenty-five
different authors, and added to the library.

The principal investigational work has been prosecuted
in connection with the fossil flora of the West Indies.
Collections from Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, Cuba, and
Trinidad were studied. Specimens suitable for description

(64)

and illustration were selected and seventy-one drawings of
selected specimens were made. A general review of the
fossil flora of the West Indies and an account of the work
personally accomplished, and under way, was outlined
at the Botanical Conference held at the Museum on
November 2.

The four wall cases in the paleobotanical musuem that
were more or less damaged during recent changes in the
heating arrangements were repaired. The specimens
contained in them were all cleaned, rearranged, and re-
labeled where necessary. Seventy-five new labels were
prepared and installed.

Several requests for identification of paleobotanical and
supposed paleobotanical material were received, investi-
gated and reported upon, which involved considerable
research work and correspondence.

Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR HOLLICK,
Paleobotanist.

(65)

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING

THE YEAR 1921

I. CITY MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT

Appropriated Expended Balance
Salaries, Regular Employees........... $142,839.00 $142,525.62 $313.38
Wages, Temporary Employees......... 12,796.80 12,796.80
Total, Personal Service.......... $155,635.80 $155,322.42 $313.38
Forage and Veterinary Supplies........ £1,000.00 $999.64 $0.36
Fuel Supplies... 0.0... 0. cess eee eee 29,700.00 29,698.65 $1.35
Office S IOS estar ee eee aes 400. 399.93 0.07
General Plant Supplies................ 1,325.00 1,324.33 0.67
General Plant Equipment............. 1,000.00 993.45 6.55
General Plant Materials............... 1557-00 2,556.69 0.31
sacle ea and Replace-
bile niece letsoncetaltacd oie 8,000.00
Contribution from the New
Botanical Garden
supplement available
funds for repairs to cent-
ral domeof Conservatory
NEE: Tele. wakeeas 400.00
$8,400.00 8,400.00 8,356.51 43-49
Light, Heat and Power................ 425.00 424.97 0.03
Bares - a teal Horses, pian
inary Servic 200.00 199.50 0.50
eae Service..........00 secre eee 200.00 198.71 1.29
ie Expenses other than Per-
onal Service. .......2.050555 $45,207.00 $45,152.38 $54.62
Siena City Maintenance Account
‘otal Allowance....... 200, 4.42.8
Contributed by Garden..... 400.00 on 842.80 $200,474.80 $368.00
2. SPECIAL GARDEN ACCOUNTS
Appropriated Expended Balance
ANT FuND
Balance from 1920.......++secee eerie $205.54
Sale of Hay.....-.. 000000 ee cree reece 302.40
Total wives os tains So eee $597.84 $574.08 $22.76

( 66

)

Appropriated Expended
SPECIAL Book Funpb
Balance frowt 1920.....0 ce ceeveecceeee $277.79
Contribution......... 0.0.20 cece enews 7.00
Sale of Books............0. ee ee eeeeee 110.00
Total ic. savnadtesteee ieee dade $394.79 $376.36
EXPLORATION FuND
Balance from 1920....0. 00 ceveevneee $79.96
USEUM AND HERBARIUM FUND
Balance from 1920...... 00sec vcnces $5.62
Contribution......... 0.2.00. ee eee ees 40.00
Totalo.ctaheote i waht tas $48.62 $40.00
GUGGENHEIM ee Funb
Balance from 1920......0. 05 ceceeaee $15.55
Transferred ae ene Improvement
Fun 58.98
Transferred om n Special Development
und .. oe 128.39
To nee error on Voucher: 19207 weeks $5.00
To balance difference between Treasur-
er’s and Appropriation Accounts... 197.92
$202.92 $202.92
Grounps IMPROVEMENT FunpD
Balance from 1920...... ccc cece cceens $58.08
Transferred to Guggenheim Greenhouse
Bund sie heavens aerate ae $58.98
Wi Ota 2 is sect o Seees 2a Seecteaeog $58.98 $58.98
GARDEN SCHOOL FuND
Balance from 1920 .....0 0.00 cece eens $1,259.47
Federal Board for Vocational
Education, Fees................66 2,081.13
Salary, Supervisor of Gardening
Instruction................ 00000 $1,225.00
Transferred to Special Development
GN aeneh eae aaanoten eauaaniaeageoe fate 2,115.60
ML Otaled tes cee eee yies nearer $3,340.60 $3,340.60
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT FuND
Balance from 1920......... 00. cece eeee $2,807.57
Contributions. ........... 0.0... 20000 690.
Transferred from Garden School Fund.. 2,115.60

Transferred from Mary J. Kingsland
Fund

Balance

$18.43

$19.96

$8.62

( 67 )

Appropriated Expended Balance
New Paths and Grading.............., 8,910.80
Exploration and Collecting............ 379.18
Plants for Grounds................... 498.80
Construction Supplies................. 936.65
Museum Cases..............00..0000e 758.48
U.S. Ensigns..................000000- 25.00
ds to Guggenheim Greenhouse
eae sce ehate arto arena nete les 128.39
T Otel ce chia Nee See cat $12,745.37 $11,637.30 $1,108.07
Mary J. selene BEQUEST
Balance from 1920...... 00 ce cc ee ceeene $1,579.70
Gate-posts eee Cae (Balance of
CCOUNE) iccit iv aiaweosia de diewadas $1,537.50
es to Special Development
Fund .35 johein caw etinasine ee se 42.20
Total ea Sots etc Sewer eet $1,579.70 $1,579.70
Louise CoMBE BEQUEST
Construction of Mansion Approach
trance and Fencing............ $5,466.38
Materials for Fence................... $1,413.86
Cast Stone Piers......... 0020 e cence 3,250.00
Architect’s Fees..............000 cece ee 400.00
pu uc mun ened tee aetna taste teataeetea « 338.00
Total ieee ck ede eee: $5,466.38 $5,401.86 $64.52
3. SPECIAL INCOME ACCOUNTS
Appropriated Expended Balance
Income of Science and Education Fund
seum and Herbarium ee $693.21 $693.21
Apparatus..... ‘ 39.20 39.2!
Lectures 0.0 ies ed tac wks 826.97 824.77 $2.20
aaa A clohaue teen otenla as anared 105.47 105.47
Exploration..........0.... 0202000 1,000.00 1,000.00
ee nae at other Institutions. . 450.15 450.15
welt lage ues che goes i dayetein ute ae $3,115.00 $3,112.80 $2.20
Income cet Dern O. Mills Fund
sienna tovtiiarecn tsa ays, Grose muna cates $516.47
ee eh fens ade a teeta tae 187.08
Museums.......... 000-02 ee eee eee 577-52
Herbarium... ...........2000200 0 584.35
Library: .i sae cas eceaue gee ee 233.85
Total fncido een reeks paneahs $2,100.00 $2,099.27 $0.73

(68 )

Appropriated Expended Balance

Accumulated Income of the Henry Iden Fund
BOOKS inte ne seca eto eas 700.00

Accumulated Income of the Olivia E. and
Caroline Phelps Stokes Fund

Preservation of Native Plants...... 50.00
Accumulated Income of Students’ Research Fund

Aid for Students’ Research......... $700.00
Income of the David Lydig Fund

Publications.................000. $4,000.00

Income of the ‘Addison Brown Fund

Publication of Addisonia.......... $3,200.00
Income of John Innes Kane Fund

Plants for Grounds............... $500.00

Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund
Increase of the Collections, Books.. $1,025.00
Accumulated Income of the C.

Robinson Memorial Fund
ng Exploration............... $100.00
pace yan tidied ine none of the Russel Sage and
Sage Memorial Fund
Construction of Fence ree, $7,500.00
Dea Om en tie etic trees toe teen aed 8,010.00
Herbarium Cases... 2,000.00
Publication..................000. 5,500.00

Repairs and Renewals
To coe mee Maintenance
ccount. peer
Other chars, Vibtipacia atta ’s

Otal ras i aieicedh iiacixen 2,900.0
— Wa lasoui en keaete ae cds le autebeteecauebeded 28,127.00
Sur usinned sia Nas dads lea 1705.00

$546.70 $153.30

$399.00 $1.00

$106.85 $143.15
$50.00 $650.00
$3,998.80 $1.20
$2,860.05 $339.95
$296.83 $203.17

$907.54 $117.46
$100.00

$7,207.60 $292.40
8,009.20 0.80
1,950.25 49.75
5,434.85 65.15

400.00
2,456.55
2,856.55 43-45
27,656.18 470.82
6,697.41 7-59
$20,000.00

Income of the Fanny Bridgham Fund
Books and Book-binding........... $1,200.00

$59,812.04 $20,929.96

$1,143.40 $56.60

( 69 )
4. GENERAL INCOME ACCOUNT

Appropriated Expended Balance
Insurance....... 0.0... cece cece eee eee $1,000.00 $965.00 $35.00
Pan nae of Guests and Meetings
of Members...................... 1,460.00 1,456.02 3.98
ree eats for Treasurer............... 1,080.00 1,080.00
Circulars for Membership.............. 695.00 693.37 1.63
Temporary Subsidy for Addisonia....... 1,200.00 840.00 360.00
Addressograph...............000 ee cee 100.00 99.13 0.87
Contingent Fund.................0005 2,190.00 2,189.82 0.18
salaries edna yas the dees alate eke 11,855.00 11,377.70 477.30
Expenses of Honorary Curator of
Economic Collection.............. 600.00 600.00
Expenses of Samii Chemist........ 300.00 300.00
Publications............00ece ce ceeeee 1,200.00 1,119.04 80.96
Total vice av idein wae wh we BAe es $21,680.00 $20,720.08 $959.92

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FROM FUNDS OF THE
GARDEN

Special Garden Accounts.............. $20,792.10
Special Income Accounts.............- 751333.28
General Income Account.............. 20,720.08

Total iis iivietg edie dole whe $116,845.46

5. BOARD ROOM FUND

January 1, 1921, Balance incash..........
Gross Receipts, January to December. . $379.78
Less—Credited to Garden Funds.......

$205.38

365-55

al Net Receipts...........-.
Disbursements, Supplies............... $161.77

Contingencies............ 0.000 e ee eeee 66.73

December 31, 1921, Balance in cash. .
Respectfully ea ae
Wa

$570.93

228.50

$342.43

ER S. GROESBECK,
Bookkeeper.

E. and O. E.
New YorRE, JANUARY 9, 1922.

(70)

DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF’S ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1921
New York, March 24, 1922
Mr. RosBert W. DE FOREST,
Chairman Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden,
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.
Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have examined and audited the finan-
cial books and accounts of the Director-in-Chief of the New
York Botanical Garden for the year nineteen hundred and
twenty-one (1921), and that I find the same to be correct, and
the cash balance to be as stated in the current cash book.

In accordance with recent practice, I have not included in
the auditing the examination of the vouchers for City main-
tenance or construction work paid for by the City, as such
vouchers have been found proper and in order by the City
authorities, and it was decided in 1904 by the then Chairman
of the Finance Committee that a further examination of them
was unnecessary. By like authority I have omitted also a
detailed examination of the annual membership dues account.
These dues are received by the Director-in-Chief and forwarded
by him to the Treasurer, the former keeping a detailed record
of the same.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. STONE,
Special Auditor.

(71)

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC
DIRECTORS TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS
OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

The Scientific Directors have held their regular meetings
throughout the year and have considered with the Director-
in-Chief many of the various topics relating to the scientific
and educational activities of the Garden, which are pre-
sented in detail in his report. We are glad to be able to
report that in spite of increased cost the Garden has been
able to conduct its various serial and other publications
without essential impairment in their extent and in the
quality of illustrative material.

The matter of the development and planting of the part
of the Garden facing on Pelham Parkway has been taken
up by a joint committee of the Women’s Auxiliary and
the Scientific Directors and it is hoped that this much
needed improvement may be carried through as rapidly
as is consistent with the nature of the work involved.

Progress is being made in the incorporation into the
Herbarium of the accumulated materials relating to the
North American Flora and very gratifying additions to
our collections from South America in connection with
the joint explorations conducted by the Garden, the
National Herbarium at Washington, and the Gray Her-
barium at Harvard have been made.

Respectfully submitted,
R. A. HARPER,
Chairman.

(72)

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS,
FELLOWS AND MEMBERS FOR
THE YEAR Ig2t!.

To THE BoaRrD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW YorK BOTANI-
CAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: The number of new members who have
qualified is 123. The number of Annual members is now
1145; life members 128; sustaining members 13; fellowship
members 2.

Of these 55 are now in arrears for dues for 1921, 13 for
dues for 1920 and 1921, 9 for dues for 1919, 1920, and 1921.

Dues have been collected to the amount of $11,406.37.

One person has qualified as a life member by the payment
of $250. These sums have been transmitted to the treasurer.

A complete list of all classes of members to date is
herewith submitted.

BENEFACTORS
*Mrs. Fanny Bridgham *D. O. Mills,
*Hon. Addison Brown, *J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.
*Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller,
Columbia University, *Mrs. Russell Sage,,
*Hon. Chas. P. Daly, *Francis Lynde Stetson,
Daniel Guggenheim, *Cornelius Vanderbilt.
Murry Guggenheim,
PaTRONS
Oakes Ames, George J. Gould,

*Miss Catherine A. Bliss, Edward S. Harkness,
Dr. N. L. Britton, *Mrs. Esther Herrman,
*Hon. Addison Brown, Archer M. Huntington,

*Andrew Carnegie, *Henry Iden,

*Mrs. George Whitfield Collord, Mrs. John Innes Kane,

*Mrs. Louisa Combe, *John Stewart Kennedy,

*James M. Constable, *Mrs. Mary J. Kingsland,

*William E. Dodge, *J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.,
James B. Ford, *Oswald Ottendorfer,

* Deceased.

*Lowell M. Palmer,
William Rockefeller,
*William R. Sands,
*William C. Schermerhorn,
*James A. Scrymser,

(73)

Mrs. Finley J. Shepard,
*Samuel Sloan,

Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson,
*W. K. Vanderbilt,

Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood,

FELLows For LIFE

Edward D. Adams,
George F. Baker,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting,
Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
James B. Ford,

Daniel Guggenheim,

Mrs. John Stewart Kennedy,

Edward V. Z. Lane,
Mrs. Frederic S. Lee,
Ogden Mills,

Mrs. John A. Roebling,
Mortimer L. Schiff,

Leon Schinasi
Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes,

Charles G. Thompson,
Louis C. Tiffany,
Tiffany & Company,

LirE MEMBERS

Edward D. Adams,

Dr. Felix Adler,

Mrs. James Herman Aldrich,
J. Sherlock Andrews,

Dr. S. T. Armstrong,
Edward W. C. Arnold,

Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss,
Samuel D. Babcock,

Dr. John Hendley Barnhart,
George D. Barron,

Aurel Batonyi,

Gustav Baumann,

Samuel R. Betts,

William G. Bibb,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
George Blumenthal,

G. T. Bonner,

Mrs. Addison Brown,

* Deceased

J. Hull Browning,

Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,

T. Morris Carnegie,

Frank R. Chambers,

Hugh J. Chisholm,

Hugh J. Chisholm, Jr.,

Geo. C. Clark,

Banyer Clarkson,

Dr. James B. Clemens,

Wm. F. Cochran,

William Colgate,

Miss Georgette T. A. Collier,
E. Conner,

Mrs. F. A. Constable,

Zenas Crane,

R. N. Cranford,

Melville C. Day,

Charles Deering,

Mrs. John Ross Delafield,
Maturin L. Delafield,

W. B. Dickerman,

Miss Josephine W. Drexel,
Miss Ethel DuBois,

Miss Katharine DuBois,
Wm. A. DuBois,

Geo. E. Dunscombe,
Thomas Dwyer,

Newbold Edgar,

George Ehret,

Ambrose K. Ely,

Edward J. Farrell,

Mrs. H. J. Fisher,
Andrew Fletcher,

Chas. R. Flint,

Eugene G. Foster,

Mrs. John French,

Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs,
Daniel Guggenheim,
Bernard G. Gunther,,
Franklin L. Gunther,
Chas. J. Harrah,

Dr. Louis Haupt,

R. Somers Hayes,

Archer M. Huntington,
Frank D. Hurtt,

James H. Hyde,

Mrs. Columbus O’D. Iselin,
Theo, F. Jackson,

Dr. Walter B. James,
Miss Annie B. Jennings,
Mrs. David J. Kelley,
Nathaniel T. Kidder,
William M. Kingsland,

H. R. Kunhardt,

W. B. Kunhardt,

Charles Lanier,

W. V. Lawrence,

Meyer H. Lehman,

(74)

Mrs. Geo. Lewis,

Louis Marshall,

Edgar L. Marston,
William J. Matheson,

C. W. McAlpin,

Guy R. McLane,
Emerson McMillin,

Dr. Geo. N. Miller,

A. G. Mills,

Mrs. William F. Milton,
Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Sigmund Neustadt,

A. Lanfear Norrie,
Gordon Norrie,

Geo. M. Olcott,

Mrs. Chas. Tyler Olmstead,
Wm. Church Osborn,

W. H. Perkins,

M. Taylor Pyne,

John J. Riker,

J. C. Rodgers,

Thomas F. Ryan,

Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,
Eeward C. Schaefer,

F. Aug. Schermerhorn,
Mortimer L. Schiff,

Mrs. I. Blair Scribner,
Geo. Sherman,

James Shervan,

James Speyer,

Miss Ellen J. Stone,
Albert Tag,

Paul G. Thebaud,

Charles G. Thompson,
Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson,
Robert M. Thompson,

(75)

William Thorne, John I, Waterbury,

Wm. Stewart Todd, Miss Emily A. Watson,

Miss Anna Murray Vail, 5. D. Webb,

F. T. Van Beuren, Dr. W. Seward Webb,

Mrs. C. Vanderbilt, John D. Wing,

F. M. Warburg, Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer.
FELLOWSHIP MEMBERS

J. P. Morgan, E. A. Richard.
SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Miss Elizabeth Billings, Arthur M. Mitchell,

Miss Mary T. Bryce, Wm. Church Osborn,

John Greenough, William H. Porter,

Mrs. McDougall Hawkes, Mrs. James T. Pyle,

O. H. Kahn, William R. Stewart,

Edgar L. Marston, Charles Strauss.

George Grant Mason,
ANNUAL MEMBERS

Dr. Robert Abbe, D. A. Ansbacher,
Benjamin Abert, Mrs. aan A. Archer,
Fritz Achelis, Francis J. Arend
John Achelis, Mas. John F. Archbold:
George A. W. Achenbach, Reuben Arkush,
F. B. Adams, Mrs. H. O. Armour,
Henry S. Adams, Dr. William Aronstein,
Alcuin Preparatory School, Mrs. M. Ascher,
J. E. Aldred, E. Asiel,
Mrs. Winthrop W. Aldrich Dr. John Aspell,
Douglas Alexander, Miss E. E. Auchincloss,
Mrs. Frances Gordon AlexanderMrs. E. S. Auchincloss,
Mrs. John E. Alexandre,, John W. Auchincloss,
James F. Allen, Chellis A. Austin,
Philip Allen, Ledyard Avery,
Miss Clara Altschul, Frank L. Babbott,

. M. Andreini, Jules S. Bache,
Miss Charlotte L. Andrews, John V. Bacot, Jr.,

. Andrews, Dr. Pearce Bailey,

Joh F, Anglin, Charles Baird,

Miss Charlotte S. Baker,
Geo. F. Baker,

Stephen Baker,

Albert H. Baldwin,

A. T. Baldwin,
Frederick H. Baldwin,
George V. N. Baldwin, Jr.,
William D. Baldwin,
Mrs. William M. Baldwin,
Edward L. Ballard,
Chris Bambach,

Louis Bamberger,
Bernard Bandler,

Mrs. James L. Barclay,
Percival M. Barker,
Wm. M. Barnum,
Clarence W. Barron,
Miss Mary F. Bartlett,
Mrs. A. Battin,

Mrs. Martha Battle,
Felice Bava,

Edwin Bayha,

Mrs. L. P. Bayne,
Jeremiah Beall,

John D. Beals,

Mrs. Margaret B. Becker,
H. C. Beckman,

Frank Begrisch, Jr.,
Mrs. A. Frederick Behre,
Dr. Otto F. Behrend,
Frank N. Bell,

Louis V. Bell,

August Belmont,

Miss A. P. Benjamin,

J. Philip Benkard,
Bruno Benziger,

E. R. T. Berggren,

Isaac J. Bernheim,

Chas. L. Bernheimer,

(76)

Miss Rosie Bernheimer,
Theodore Berstein,
Philip Berolzheimer,
Edward J. Berwind,
George N. Best,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
Mrs. George Biddle,
Mrs. Sylvan Bier,
Abraham Bijur,
Nathan I. Bijur,
Samuel H. Bijur,

C. K. G. Billings,
Cecil Billington,

C. Edw. Billquist,
Mrs. William H. Birchall,
Samuel Bird,

James C. Bishop,
Frederick S. Blackall,
H. C. Blackiston,

Mrs. Dexter Blagden,
Mrs. C. Ledyard Blair,
J. Insley Blair,

Isidore Blauner,

Miss Anita Bliss,
C.N. Bliss, Jr.,

Miss S. D. Bliss,

Mrs. Walter P. Bliss,
Mrs. M. J. Bluen,
Hugo Blumenthal,
Miss R. C. Boardman,
Henry W. Boettger,
Robert Boettger,
Theodore Boettger,
William H. Bolton,
Mrs. Sydney C. Borg,
Louis Boury,

Miss Edith G. Bowdoin,
John McE. Bownan,

Mrs. Jennie M. Breitenbach

Mrs. E. N. Breitung,
Mrs. Benjamin Brewster,
George S. Brewster,
Hans V. Briesen,

John R. Brinley,

Mrs. Willard C. Brinton,
Jno. I. D. Bristol,

Miss H. Louise Britton,
Richard H. Britton,

Dr. Edward B. Bronson,
Bronx Hay & Grain Co.,
Mrs. H. D. Brookman,
Miss Aneita D. Brown,
Dickson Q. Brown,
Edwin H. Brown,

M. Bayard Brown,

Mrs. S. A. Brown,
Vernon C. Brown,

Mrs. J. Hull Browning,
H. B. Brundrett,
Charles E. Bryant,
Thomas B. Bryson,
Miss Emily Buch,

Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley,
Dr. L. Duncan Bulkley,
Dr. Edward S. Burgess,
Louis Burk,

Arthur Burnall,

E. R. Burnett,

William J. Burns,
Algernon T. Burr,

Mrs. Wendell L. Bush,
Charles S. Butler,

Miss Emily O. Butler,
H. A. Caesar,

E. T. Caldwell,

Prof. Otis W. Caldwell,
W. R. Callender,

Henry L. Calman,

(77)

H. H. Cammann,

Henry L. Cammann,

Mrs. John Campbell,

H. W. Cannon,

Mrs. Charles F. Cantine,
Harry Caplin,

George A. Carden,

Mrs. George L. Carnegie,
Arthur L. Carns,

Alvin C. Cass,

George B. Case,

H. A. Cassebeer, Jr.,

Miss Jennie R. Cathcart,
Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain,
O. E. Chaney,

Miss Maria Bowen Chapih,
John Jay Chapin,

Jose Edwards Chaves,
Dr. Charles H. Chetwood,
John H. Child,

B. Ogden Chisolm,

Geo. E. Chisolm,

Mrs. Joseph H. Choate,
Miss Mabel Choate,

Mrs. Helen L. Chubb,
Percy Chubb,

Chas. T. Church,

Richard N. L. Church,
John Claflin,

Mrs. A. L. Clark,

Mrs. Edward H. Clark,
Miss Emily Vernon Clark,
F. Ambrose Clark,

Hon. W. A. Clark,
William Clark,

E. A. S. Clarke,

Lewis L. Clarke,

Albert Clayburgh,
Edward B. Close,

Miss Frances H. Close,
Wm. P. Clyde,

G. D. Cochran,

Miss Mary T. Cockcroft,
C. A. Coffin,

Edmund Coffin,

E. W. Coggeshall,
William N. Cohen,
William W. Cohen,

J. L. Coker,

Mrs. Rufus Cole,
Charles B. Colebrook,
Mrs. Lathrop Colgate,
William Colgate,
Barron G. Collier,
Mrs. Richard C. Colt,
Miss Mary Compton,
T. G. Condon,
Hermann Conheim,
Joseph Conners,

Mrs. E. C. Converse
J. N. Conyngham,
Arthur N. Cooley,
Marin LeBrun Cooper,
Mrs. Marin LeBrun Cooper,

J. George Costello,

Mrs. Charles Henry Coster,
Mrs. Clarkson Cowl,
Geo. F. Crane,

Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane,
Robert L. Crawford,
William Crawford,

Miss Mary C. Crimmins,
Mrs. Thomas Crimmins,
George A. Crocker, Jr.,
Mrs. W. H. Crocker,

W. T. Crocker,

(78)

James W. Cromwell,

Dr. Reuben Cronson,
Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman,
Mrs, E. B. Currier,

G. Warrington Curtis,
George E. Cutler,

R. Fulton Cutting,

Miss Eleanor De Graff Cuyler,
Jean De Saint Cyr,

Mrs. Chester Dale,
Frederic A. Dallett,
Henry Danziger,

D. S. Dark,

Mrs. Ira Davenport,
DeWitt A. Davidson,

J. Clarence Davies,

R. C. Davis,

Mrs. Thomas B. Davis,
Alvah Davison,

Mrs. Henry P. Davison,
Clarence S. Day,

Mrs. William Harrison Day,
Henry Dazien,

Henry L. de Forest,

Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
John F. Degener, Jr.,

Mrs. Carlos de Heredia,
Moreau Delano,

William Adams Delano,
William C. DeLanoy,
Countess de Laugier-Villars,
John B. Dennis,

Rev. H. M. Denslow,
Walter D. Despard,
Julian F. Detmer,

Lee Deutsch,

William G. De Witt,

J. Henry Dick,

Geo. H. Diehl,

Chas. F. oon

H. 0. D

Miss josephine a Dill,
Miss Mary A .D

Mrs. Alfred P. os
Miss Gertrude Dodd,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge,
Francis P. Dodge,
Edward I. Doheny,

L. W. Dommerich,
Otto L. Dommerich,
Mrs. Ruger Donoho,
Charles Doscher,
Henry Doscher,

Mrs. George William Douglas,

Mrs. James Douglas,
Walter Douglas,

Alfred Douglass,

W. E. Dowd, Jr.,

Tracy Dows,

Mrs. B. F. Drakenfeld,
Miss Dorothea A. Dreier,
J. R. Drexel,

S. F. Dribben,

Isaac W. Drummond,
Mrs. Matthew B. Dubois,
F. L. Du Bosque,

Mrs. John P. Duncan,
Ralph Wurts Dundas,
Dr. Edward K. Dunham,
H. F. du Pont,

Mrs. T. Coleman du Pont,

William du Pont,

Miss Amy C. Duryee,
E. G. Duvall,,

John E. Dwight,

Mrs. Winthrop Dwight,

(79)

R. W. Earle,

Joseph N. Early,

Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton,
Mrs. Charles N. Edge,
Thomas C. Edmonds,
Mrs. J. S. Ehrich,

Mrs. Ernest Ehrmann,
Karl Eilers,

Henry G. Eilshemius,
August Eimer,

Monroe Einstein,
William Einstein,

Miss Kate Eisig,,
Howard Elliott,

Mrs. James W. Ellsworth,
Mrs. Walter Emmerich,
Miss Lydia F. Emmett,
Robert Temple Emmett,
Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons,
R. Erbsloh,

Albert J. Erdmann,
Abraham Erlanger,

Miss Katherine V. Erving,
Henry Esberg,

Louis Ettlinger,

Miss Ellen J. Evans,
Jackson Evans,

S. M. ee

A. W. Eva

Mrs. ali F abbri,
Eberhard Faber,

Harris Fahnestock,
Arthur S. Fairchild,
Benjamin T. Fairchild,
Chas. S. Fairchild,
Samuel W. Fairchild,
Percival Farquhar,

Mrs. Max Farrand,
Louis Ferguson,

William C. Ferguson,
Frank H. Filley,
Simon Finck,
Frederick T. Fisher,
Pliny Fisk,

Mrs. Montague Flagg,
Harry Harkness Flagler,
Mrs. Albert Flake,
Fred T. Fleitmann,
Edward H. Floyd-Jones,
L. G. Forbes,

Scott Foster,

Robert L. Fowler, Jr.,
Frederick P. Fox,
Mrs. Irving J. Fox,
Mrs. M. J. Fox,

Mrs. William Fox,
David J. Frankel,
Mrs. P. A. S. Franklin,
R. A. Franks,

Miss Jane K. Fraser,
Miss S. Grace Fraser,
William A. Fraser,
Mrs. Childs Frick,

A. S. Frissell,

John W. Frothingham,
John H. Fry,

W. W. Fuller,

E. A. Funke,

Eugenio Galban,
Albert Gallatin,

Geo. F. Gantz,
Francis P. Garvin,
Mrs. Walter Geer,
Fred P. Geyer,

R. W. Gibson,

Prof. William J. Gies,
Mrs. William J. Gies,
J. Waldron Gillespie,

( 80 )

Robert McM. Gillespie,
Mrs. E. D. Godfrey,
Mrs. Mary R. Goelet,
Julius Goldman,
Frederick Goldsmith,
Abraham L. Goldstone,
Philip J. Goodhart,
Philip L. Goodwin,

Miss Clara J. Gordon,
Chas. Gotthelf,

Chas. A. Gould,

Edwin Gould,

Mrs. W. R. Grace,
Joseph W. Grant,

U.S. Grant, 4th,

B. Greeff, Jr.,

William G. Grieb,

Hon. Anthony J. Griffin,
Charles E. Griffin,

W. V. Griffin,

Miss Margarette E. Griffith,
Miss Susan D. Griffith,
E. Mogan Grinnell,
George Bird Grinnell,
Mrs. Chester Griswold, Sr.
George V. Gross,
William C. Gruner,

A. M. Guinzburg,

Mrs. Gurnee,

Mrs. C. S. Guthrie,
William D. Guthrie,
John Harrison Gutterson,
Miss Edith Haas,

John A. Hadden, Jr.,
Hon. Ernest Hall,
Harrison H. Hallett,
Wm. Halls, Jr.,

Mrs. Charles W. Halsey,
Wm. Hamann,

L. Gordon Hamersley,

Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton,
John W. Hamilton,

Mrs. William P. Hamilton,
Walter Hampden,
Ferdinand Hansen,

Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness,
Miss Josephine T. Harriot,
George A. Harris,

Dr. Allis H. Hascall,

J. Amory Haskell,

Dr. Louis Hauswirth,

T. A. Havemeyer,

J. Woodward Haven,
Carroll Hayes,

Miss Caroline C. Haynes,
David S. Hays,

Mrs. R. G. Hazard,

Mrs. W. R. Hearst,

Wm. W. Heaton,

David Helier,

Mrs. George A. Helme,
Hancke Hencken,

Chas. Henderson.

Mrs. E. C. Henderson,
Harmon W. Hendricks,
Philip W. Henry,

Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
B. F. Hermann,

Frank J. Hermes,

W. L. Hernstadt,

Mrs. E. D. Lee Herreshoff,
Samuel A. Herzog,

H. H. Hewitt,

John Vance Hewitt,
Henry Hicks,

George Washington Hill,

(81)

Hugh Hill,
Mrs. James Norman Hill,

Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley,
Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch,
B. Hochschild,

Anton G. Hodenpyl,
Richard M. Hoe,

Mrs. Richard March Hoe,
Mrs. Robert Hoe,

Miss Mary U. Hoffman,
Bernhard Hoffmann,

Mrs. Bernhard Hoffmann,
Mrs. Edward Holbrook,
John Swift Holbrook,
Dean Hawley Holden,
George C. Holt,

A. Holzman,

Elkan Holzman,

Mrs. Elon Huntington Hooker,
Chas. H. Hoole,

Ernest Hopkinson,
Frederick B. House,

C. J. Housman,

Richard F. Howe,

M. D. Howell,

Mrs. Henry E. Howland,
John Sherman Hoyt,
Theodore R. Hoyt,

Miss V. S. Hoyt,

Walter C. Hubbard,

Mrs. Anna Huber,
Conrad Hubert,

Mrs. Marjorie V. I. Hudson,
Dr. Otto V. Huffman,
Mrs. Thomas Hunt,

Mrs. H. E. Huntington,
Mrs. R. P. Huntington,

Dr. Lee M. Hurd,

H. D. Hutchins,

Frank DeK. Huyler,
Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde,
Courtney Hyde,

Henry St. John Hyde,
A. G. Imhof,

Edwin W. Inslee,

( 82 )

Louis Kahn,

H. Kamber,

Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. H. F. Kean, _
John J. Kearns,
Frank Browne Keech,
Henry F. Keil,
William W. Kelchner,

International Children’s School Prof. J. F. Kemp,

Farm League,
Adrian Iselin, Jr.,
C. Oliver Iselin,
Miss Georgine Iselin,
Lewis Iselin,
William E. Iselin,
Mrs. William E. Iselin,
Miss Flora E. Isham,
A. C. Israel,
Frederick W. Jackson,
Samuel K. Jacobs,
John S. Jacobus,
A. C. James,

Mrs. Arthur Curtis James,

Dr. Robert C. James,
Mrs. Wortham James,
E. C. Jameson,

Mrs. Robert A. Jamison,
Mrs. Alfred Jaretzki,
Alfred W. Jenkins,

O. G. Jennings,
Walter B. Jennings,
George S. Jephson,
Gilbert H. Johnson,
Francis C. Jones,
Rodney Wilcox Jones,
Mrs. Townsend Jones,
Louis M. Josepthal,
Henry M. Kahle,
Felix E. Kahn,

Mrs.H.VanRensselaer Kennedy,

Mrs. John S. Kennedy,
David Keppel,

Rudolph Keppler,
W.M.

Kern,

John B. Kerr,
Mrs. Charles W. Keyes,
ae L. Kieger,

S. E. Kilner,
Darwin P. Kingsley,
Morris Kinney,
Warren Kinney,
W. Ruloff Kip,
Dr. William B. Kirkham,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
D. Emil Klein,
Mrs. Charles P. Kling,
E. C. Klipstein,
Julius Klugman,
Roland F. Knoedler,
Chas. Kohlman,
Marion B. Kohlman,
Alex. Konta,
Lucius T. Koons,
Richard G. Krueger,
Dr. George F. Kunz,
A. H. Kursheedt,
Anthony R. Kuser,
Adolf Kuttroff,
Stanley V. La Dow,

Mrs. Samuel W. Lambert,
Mrs. J. H. Lancashire,
Francis G. Landon,
Edward V. Z. Lane,
Woodbury Langdon,
Aaron Langstadter,

Mrs. John J. Lapham,
Lewis H. Lapham,

Henry G. F. Lauten,
Mrs. Amory A. Lawrence,
John Burling Lawrence,
Henry Goddard Leach,

(83 )

Mrs. Matthew M. Looram,
Manuel Lopex,

Lord & Burnham Co.,
P. Lorillard, Jr.,
Ethelbert I. Low,

Mrs. Seth Low,

E. L. Lueder,

Walther Luttgen,
William M. Lybrand,

J. M. Richardson Lyeth,
Miss oe G. Lyman,

Ss. M
Lederle Antitoxin Laboratories, Dr. Tohn T. Mac Curdy,

Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Marshall C. Lefferts,
George Legg,

James M. Lehmaier,

S. M. Lehman,

Wm. H. Leupp,

Edmund J. Levine,

G. Levor,

B. E. Levy,

Louis S. Levy,
Montgomery H. Lewis,
Adolph Lewisohn,

Miss Alice Lewisohn,

E. K. Lincoln,

Mrs. Frederic W. Lincoln,
C. Seaton Lindsay,
Frederick J. Lisman,
Miss Alma L. Lissberger,
Lucius N. Littauer,
Siegfried Littauer,

Mrs. John R. Livermore,
Miss Anna P. Livingston,
Mrs. Francis G. Lloyd,
Mrs. William C. Lobenstine,

Mrs. Frederick R. Lockwood,

Russell H. Loines,

. K. MacFadden,
Clarence H. Mackay,
Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
Mrs. Charles F. MacLean,
Malcolm MacMartin,
V. Everit Macy,

F. Robert Mager,

J. H. Maghee,

Pierre Mali,

L. William Malone,

J. G. C. Mantle,

Miss Delia W. Marble,
John Markle,

Mrs. John Markle,
Alfred E. Marling,
Otto Maron,

Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Edwin S. Marston,

R. W. Martin,

Dr. Walton Martin,
William J. Matheson,
George O. May,
Harry Mayer,

Mrs. R. de L. Mayer,
Dr. D. H. McAlpin,
Geo. L. McAlpin,

George McAneny,
Mrs. Alfred McEwen,
Edward A. MclIllhenny,
Henry P. McKenney,
John A. McKim,

W. A. McLaren,

Mrs. James McLean,
Edward F. McManus,
William McNair,

B. Frank Mebane,
Morton H. Meinhard,
Dr. Walter Mendleson,
Henry H. Merriam,
John L. Merrill,

William F. Meschenmoser,

Manton B. Metcalfe,
Herman A. Metz.
Eugene Meyer, Jr.,
John G. Milburn,
Miss Mary G. Millett,
Dr. Adelaide Mills,
Alex. S. Mitchell,

Mrs. John Murray Mitchell,

H. de La Montagne,

C. D. Montague,

Mrs. H. E. Montgomery,
Robert H. Montgomery,
Barrington Moore,
Clement Moore,

J. C. Moore,

Miss Katherine T. Moore,

Mrs. Paul Moore,
Victor Morawetz,
Miss Anne Morgan,

Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr.,
Mrs. Pierpont Morgan,
Wm. Fellows Morgan,

( 84 )

Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris,

Dwight W. Morrow,

Mrs. James Moses,

Henry C. Mott,

Mrs. John B. Mott,

Eric Muelberger,

Frank J. Muhlfeld,

Edwin H. Mulford,

Carl Muller,

John P. Munn,

Frank A. Munsey,

Miss Adeliza Morton Murphy,

G. M. P. Murphy,

Fred A. Muschenheim,

William S. Myers,

Mme. Elie Nadelman,

Edward J. Nall

National Association, Boards of
armacy,

A. G. Nesbitt,

Mrs. Russell H. Nevins,

Miss Edith Newbold,

Frederic R. Newbold,

William B. Nichols,

Mrs. William G. Nichols,

William H. Nichols,

Wm. Nilsson,

George Notman,

Howard Notman,

Miss Dorothy Oak,

George Washington Ochs Oakes

Percy J. O’Brien,

Mrs. Adolph Obrig,

Adolph S. Ochs,

John Offerman,

Mrs. Ponsonby Ogle,

Miss Mary Olcott,

Elam Ward Olney,
Robert Olyphant,

Mrs. Emerson Opdycke,
J. Oppenheim,

John B. O'Reilly,
William C. Orr,

Prof. Henry F. Osborn,

Mrs. William Church Osborn,

Homer S. Pace,

Miss Elizabeth H. Packard,

Fred’k. Page Co.,
Augustus G. Paine,
Henry Parish,

Junius Parker,
Winthrop Parker,

Chas. W. Parsons

Mrs. Edgerton Parsons,
Miss Gertrude Parsons,
T. H. Hoge Patterson,
Mrs. Horace E. Payson,
Mrs. Charles A. Peacock,
Mrs. Frederick Pearson,
Charles E. Peck,

Dr. Charles H. Peck,
William Halsey Peck,
Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham,
Dr. James Pedersen,
Mrs. Sarah G. T. Pell,
B. Henry Pelzer,
Edmund Penfold,

Miss Hattie W. Perkins,
Samuel T. Peters,

Mrs. Theodore Peters,
W. R. Peters,

Walter Peterson,

Carl Schurz Petrasch,
Curt G. Pfeiffer,

Arthur Pforzheimer,
Walter Pforzheimer,

(85)

Michael F. Phelan,
Henry Phipps,
Lloyd Phoenix,
Gottfried Piel,
Henry Clay Pierce,
Winslow S. Pierce

Mrs. R. Stuyvesant Pierrepont,

J. Fred Pierson,

Mrs. Frank H. Platt,
John Platt,

Edward Plaut,

Miss R. A. Polhemus,
Miss Florence L. Pond,
Chas. Lane Poor,

Mrs. James Harper Poor,
James E. Pope,
Alexander J. Porter,
Mrs. Henry Kirke Porter,
Abram S. Post,

Miss Blanche Potter,
Mrs. Frank H. Potter,
Frederick Potter,

Mrs. Herbert a Pratt,
John Pratt,

John T. Pratt,

Samuel Pratt,

Mrs. L. B. Preston,
Edgar S. Pretzfeld,
Miss Cornelia Prime,
R. L. Pritchard,

Mrs. Kate Davis Pulitzer,
H. St. Clair Putnam,
Miss Eva C. Putney,
Robert Pyle,

Percy R. Pyne,

Charles F. Quincy,
Samuel Raisler,

(86 )

Stanley Ranger,

G. B. Raymond,

H. E. Raymond,

George W. Raynes,

Mrs. William A. Read,
Robert C. Ream,

Miss Emily Redmond,
Henry H. Reed,

John Reid,

Chas. Remsen,

William Rennult,
Samuel W. Reyburn,
Mrs. E. S. Reynal,
Thomas A. Reynolds,
Miss Elvine Richard,
Oscar L. Richard,

Eben, Richards,

Ellis G. Richards,

E. O. Richards,

Max Richter,

Mrs. Robert Ridgway,
Wm. J. Riker,

Dr. A. I. Ringer,

Dr. Wm. C. Rives,

Miss Emeline Roach,
Mrs. Charles H. Roberts,
Miss G. Van B. Roberts,
Irving Bruce Roberts,
Miss Jennette Robertson,
Louis J. Robertson,
Andrew J. Robinson,
Mrs. Edward Robinson,
Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.,
William G. Rockefeller,
Nash Rockwood,

Albert J. Roe.

John Roger,

G. Vernor Rogers,
Hubert E. Rogers,

A. J. Rolle,

W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Hon. Elihu Root,

Henry C. Ross.

Jacob Rossbach,

Peter W. Rouss,

W. A. Rowan,

C. H. Ruddock,

Louis Ruhl,

Justus Ruperti,

Jacob Ruppert,
Frederick K. Rupprecht,
Miss M. L. Russell,
John Barry Ryan,
Arthur Ryle,

Samuel Sachs,

Clarence Sackett,

Mrs. Walter J. Salmon,
Mitchell Samuels,
Philip C. Samuels,

H. Sanhagen,

F. A. Sarg,

Miss G. W. Sargent,
Herbert L. Satterlee,
Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,
Mrs. Thomas E. Satterthwaite,
Oliver H. Sawyer,
Hermann Schaaf,
Fred’k Miller Schall,
Jacob Schapiro,

John Scheepers,

Anton Schefer,

Mrs. H. M. Schieffelin,
Dr. Wm. J. Schieffelin,
Charles A. Schieren,
Gustave H. Schiff,

Miss Jane E. Schmelzel,
D. Schnakenberg,
Henrich Schniewind, Jr.,
Carl Schoen,

W. D. Scholle,

Louis B. Schram,
Rudolph Schreiber,
Richard Schuster,

B. Schutz,

C. M. Schwab,

Gustav Schwab, Jr.,
Frederick Schwed,
Walter Scott,

Miss Grace Scoville,
Herbert Scoville,

Robert Scoville,

The Scoville School,
Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner,
Edward M. Scudder,
Alonzo B. See,

Prof. Edwin R. A. Seligman,
Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman,
Jefferson Seligman,

E. W. Sells,

Mrs. Charles H. Senff,
Frederick W. Senff,
Alfred Seton,

Mrs. William F. Sheehan,
Dr. William H. Sheldon,
Finley J. Shepard,
David Shiman,

S. W. Shipway,

George W. Short,

Frank R. Shull,

Benjamin F. Simmons,
H. L. Simmons,
Alfred L. Simmon,

( 87 )

Franklin Simon,
Robert E. Simon,
Theodore A. Simon,
Francis Louis Slade,
Ralph E. Slaven,
Benson B. Sloan,
Samuel Sloan,
Thomas W. Slocum,
Thomas Smidt,
Daniel Smiley,
Charles R. Smith,
Miss Fanny A. Smith,
James B. Smith,
Nelson Smith

Frederick Snare,

E. G. Snow,

Frederic A. Soldwedel,
Phineas Sondheim,

B. Souto,

William M. Spackman,
Mrs. Edward W. Sparrow,
Mrs. Gino C. Speranza,
Mrs. B. G. Spiegelberg,
Dr. Edward H. Squibb,
Mrs. Mary P. Eno Steffanson,
Fred. T. Steinway,
Wm. R. Steinway,

Olin J. Stephens,
Roderick Stephens,
Benjamin Stern,
Sereno Stetson,
Edward R. Stettinius,
Mrs. Byam K. Stevens,
Frederic W. Stevens,
Lispenard Stewart,
Chauncey Stillman,
Miss Clara F. Stillman,

C. C. Stillman,

Dr. D. M. Stimson,
Alfred W. Stone,

Mrs. Willard Straight,
Mrs. C. I. Stralem,

H. Grant Straus,

Mrs. Nathan Straus, Jr.,
Roger W. Straus,
Albert Strauss,
Frederick Strauss,
Martin Strauss,

Samuel Strauss,

Mrs. William Strauss,
W. H. Strawn,

Dr. George T. Strodl,
Mrs. Gustaf Stromberg,
Benj. Strong, Jr.,

John R. Strong,

Nat. C. Strong,
Richard A. Strong.
Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Joseph Stroock,

Louis S. Stroock,
Duncan Struthers;

F. K. Sturgis,

Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
Miss Victoria F. Sturmer,
Mrs. James Sullivan,
Mrs. J. Andrews Swan,
Miss Mary Taber,
Henry W. Taft,

E. T. H. Talmage,
Charles G. Taylor,
Henry R. Taylor,

Dr. Richard A. Taylor,
W. A. Taylor,

H. L. Terrell,

Charles T. Terry,

Mrs. John T. Terry,

(88 )

Mrs. Hector W. Thomas,
Mrs. Howard L. Thomas,
Percival Thomas,

Loren Ogden Thompson,
L. S. Thompson,

William B. Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,
Samuel Thorne, Jr.,
Louis C. Tiffany,

Henry N. Tifft,

Dr. Walter Timme,
James Timpson,

Mrs. Norman E. Titus,
Rev. E. P. Tivnan, 5. J.,
Mrs. Margaret T. Tjader,
J. Kennedy Tod,

Nesib Trabulsi,

Mrs. John B. Trevor,

A. F. Troescher,

John Trounstine,

E. Kellogg Trowbridge,
Carll Tucker,

Dr. Alfred Tuckerman,
Paul Tuckerman,

Edward Turnbull,

Mrs. Harold M. Turner,
Geo. E. Turnure,
Benjamin Tuska,

Mrs. Mary A Tuttle,

C. E. Tuttle,

Mrs. Alice B. Tweedy,

E. S. Twining,

Lucien H. Tyng,

August Uhl,

Oswald W. Uhl,

Mrs. Walter M. Underhill,
Mrs. Henry C. Valentine,
James J. Van Alen,

Mrs. Frederick T. Van Beuren,

Augustus Van Cortlandt,

Barend Van Gerbig,
John B. Van Haelen,

E. H. Van Ingen,
Gilbert Van Ingen,

Mrs. Harriet Van Ingen,
Dr. Philip Van Ingen,

Mrs. Warner M. Van Norden,

Mrs. E. Van Raalte,

Mrs. Wilbur Linwood Varian,

Mrs. James M. Varnum,
Mrs. A. C. Veatch,
Thos. F. Vietor,
Alfonso P. Villa,

G. B. Vitelli,

Ludwig Vogelstein,

Mrs. Owen M. Voight,
Dr. S. Wachsmann,
Harry Wacker,
Montgomery Waddell,

Mrs. J. Howard Wainwright,

Justus I. Wakelee,
William I. Walker,
Mrs. W. K. Wallbridge,
Leo Wallerstein,

Dr. Max Wallerstein,
Wm. I. Walter,
Artemus Ward,

C. Blaine Warner,

Mrs. Charles Howard Warren,

Mrs. John I. Waterbury,
C. W. Watson,

Mrs. J. E. Watson,

Mrs. E. H. Weatherbee,
Mrs. W. Seward Webb,
Miss Alice D. Weekes,
R. L. Wegel,

Dr. Eugene Wehmeyer,
George A. Weigel,

(89)

Charles H. Weigle,
Bernard Weining,
George W. Weiss,

Mrs. Samuel W. Weiss,
Mrs. John Wells,

Oliver J. Wells,

William Y. Wemple,
Arthur L. Wessell,

Dr. William West,

Miss Edith Wetmore,
Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock,
Miss Caroline White,
Harold T. White,
Clarence Whitman,
Howard Whittemore,

F. B. Wiborg,

Miss F. E. Wickham,
Henry Wigglesworth,
William G. Willcox,
Elmore A. Willets,

Mrs. Percy H. Williams,
Richard H. Williams,
William H. Williams,
W. P. Willis,

James R. Williston,
Frank D. Wilsey,

Prof. Edmund B. Wilson,
Dr. Margaret B. Wilson,
M. Orme Wilson,
Charles A. Wimpfheimer,
Harold Wingate,
Bronson Winthrop,
Grenville L. Winthrop,
Mrs. Robt. Winthrop,
Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee,
Joseph Wittmann,

Fred R. Wolff,

Lewis S. Wolff,

M. Wolff,

(90 )

Mrs. T. Wolfson, George A. Zabriskie,

Mrs. William H. Woodin, Henry C. Zaro,

Prof. R. S. Woodward, Mrs. Anna M. von Zedlitz,
Miss Julia Wray, Charles H. Zehnder,

Mrs. J. Hood Wright, August Zinsser,

Dr. Peter B. Wyckoff, Charles Zoller,

Dr. George A. Wyeth, Henry Zuckerman,

Mrs. A. Murray Young,

MEMBERS OF THE WOMEN’S AUXILIARY

Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. V. Everit Macy,
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. W. Gilman Thompson,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs, George Cabot Ward.
Mrs. A. A. Low,

HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE WOMEN’S AUXILIARY
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,

Mrs. James A. Scrymser, Mrs, F F. Thompson,

(91)

REPORT OF THE TREASURER

New York, January 9, 1922
To THE BoarD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW YorRK BOTANI-

CAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: Herewith I submit a statement of my Re-
ceipts and Disbursements during the year 1921, and
Balance Sheet from my Ledger as of December 31, 1921.
Respectfully submitted,

Joun L. MERRILL,

Treasurer.
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
Receipts
Balance, January I, 1921... . $46,445.17
acies
Francis Lynde Stetson... .,........ $25,000.00
Emma Jones... .. ; 1,000.00 $26,000.00
Special Trust Fund
Aly. ee ce ee ee eee eeeeee es $19,807.81
Special Funds
Special Book Fund
Contributions... ...... $7.00
Sale of Books. ........ I 10.00 $117.00
Special Development Fund, contri-
butions... 0... 0... ..20 02-2 ee ee ee 7690.00
Students’ Research Fund, tuition fees 64.00
Convalescent Soldiers’ Gardening Fund,
contributions. . ... 2,081.13
sa ser and Herbariim Fund, conte
but: ee ee 40.00
Plant Fu und, ae a ie eee ee 302.40 $10,294.53

(92)

Investment Account
Russell Sage and Mar-
garet Olivia Sage
Memorial Fund,
proceeds sale of
too shares Balto. &
Ohio Ry. Co. Com-

100 shares St. Louis
SW. Ry. Co. Com-

eee 2,904.00
200 shares St. Louis
Ry. Co. Pfd... 7,758.00
$260,000 U. S. Govt.
Victory Bonds..... 259,493.50 $274,234.50

General Income Account
General Investments, proceeds
sale o
$35,000 Nor. Pac. R.
R. Bonds, Gt. Nor.

C.B.&Q.4’s...... $35,000.00
$33,000 U. S. Govt.
Victory Bonds..... 32,966.17 $67,966.17 $342,200.67

Endowment Fund
Life Membership Fee............ 0.02.00. aes $250.00.
Special Income Accounts
Income of the David Lydig Fund,
subscriptions to “‘ North Ameri-
can Flora’’ and sales of publi-

cations...... $3,590.71
Income of the Addicén Bown. Fund,
subscriptions to “‘ Addisonia”’... 2,352.25
Income of Sage Fund, from in-
vestm 25,759.02
Income of ‘Sokes Fund, gales of
leaflets ..... 10.30

Income of the Science and Education
Fund, refund... .............. 182.39 $31,894.67

Sundry Accounts
Income from Investments. .

(93 )

Director-in-Chief, working faa: . : a

City Maintenance Account..

General Income Account

Fellowship Members,

Dues. oos-c00 esas $200.00
Sustaining Members,

Dues)2 i< 4424 4). 0445 350.00
Annual Members, Dues. _ 10,826.37
Sales of Merchandise

and refunds......... 88.75
Interest on Deposits.... 979.73

Disbursements
Investment Accounts
Russell Sage and Margaret
Olivia Sage Memorial
Fund, purchase of
,000. Michig

Central Ry........ $15,193.50
10,000. New Yor

Central Ry........ 10,163.02
15,000. Chicago & No

Western Ry....... 15,228.49
15,000. Southern Ry. —‘£1,962.50
15,000. Illinois Cen-

tralRy.......... 15,211.49
15,000 Atlantic

Coast Line Ry..... 12,112.50
15,000. Union Pacific

Ry..............- 12,637.50
15,000. Chic. Burl.

and Quincy Ry.. 12,112.50
15,000. Norfolk aad

Western Ry....... 12,037.50

$23,318.40
10,000.00
166,339-49 $199,657.89

$11,376.37

$1,068.48 $12,444.85

(94)

New York
Conical Ry.. 11,212.50
10,000. Paces: ‘Cas
& Elect. Co....... 8,925.00
10,000. Illinois Cen-
tral Ry........... 10,128.08

10,000. Chicago and
No. Western Ry.. 10,151.50
10,000. Pittsburgh,
McK. and oe
Ry.. 10,151.50
10,000. N can “Chat.
and St. LouisRy... 10,162.24
10,000. Cin. New
Orleans and Texas

Pac. Ry.......... 10,181.97
10,000. New York

Telephone Co..... 10,040.00
10,000. Amer. Smelt-

ing and Ref. Co.... 8,681.25
10,000. General

Electric Co....... 9,676.25
20,000. Louis. and

Nash. Ry......... 20,302.63
20,000. Atlantic Coast

Line Ry.......... 20,363.64 $256,635.56

Sundry Accounts
Purchase of
$35,000. Great North-

ern Ry.7’s. $33,775.00
25,000. Provident on
Ctfs

ba hich aan 25,000.00
1,000. New York
City 414’s........ 990.00
9,000 New York
City 4’s.. 8,718.75

4
10,000. Niagara Falls
Power Sa deacons 9,550.00

(95)
5,000. Nash. Chat. and

St. Louis Eq. 6's... 5,069.85
5,000. Cin. New Orleans
& Texas Ry. 6’s .. 5,086.02

Adjustments of Interest

on purchase of Bonds 2,258.13 $90,447.75 $347,083.31

Special Garden Accounts, Vouchers Paid

Louisa Combe Bequest.. ..ee-. = 5,241.86
Convalescent Soldiers Gardening

aoe 1,701.90
ane Developineat F und. satire te 12,600.27
ry J. Kingsland le : 3,657.00
ra Fund. . Vac iether 521.77
Special Book Pade. agen 568.36
Special Income Accounts
Income of Sage Fund,
Adjustments of Interest on
Purchase of Bonds.. $4,43
Vouchers Paid....... és, 532. a en 972.60

Vouchers Paid
Income of the David

Lydig Fund......... $4,145.65
Income John Innes

Kane Fund... . 372.22
Income of Heane Iden

Fund.. we. 1,041.69
Income of Genes &

Education Fund... ... 2,868.30
Income of Jesup Fund. . 515.00
Income of William R.

Sands Fund......... 15.00
Income of Stokes Fund 64.54
Income of Darius O

Mills Fund. .. 1,747-55

Income of Radeon
Brown Fund........ 2,980.42

$24,291.16

(96 )

Income of Students

Research Fund...... 5.00
Income of Fanny R.
Bridgham Fund...... 1,124.40 $15,300.58 $85,273.18
Sundry Accounts

Income of General Fund, Vouchers Paid... ...... $20,362.73
City Maintenance Account, Vouchers Paid. Snes e 166,339.49
C. P. Daly Fund. ..... ee ee ree 171.47
Balance, December 31, 10921. Se knevaeeras ee. 45,474.25

LEDGER BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 1921

Permanent Funds Debit Credit
Endowment Fund.. MOR Gaw ae aee . $269,260.00
Science & Eduevtion Fund. ... 83,461.90

* Russell Sage and icine Olivia Sage I Paad.. 500,000.00
David Lydig Fund.. : .. 34,337.86
Fanny R. Bridgham Fund... Leeeeeeeaeeee 30,000.00
William R. Sands Fund. . secs ceases eeeeee 10,000.00
Darius O. Mills Fund.. Le ce cee teen ee eeeees 50,000.00
Henry Iden Fund.. Leese ents cece eeteaess 10,000.00
Addison Brown Fak scene ee aeaeaeee 21,850.00
John Innes Kane Rud; secece teense eeeese 10,000.00
Stokes Fund . . is 3,000.00
Charles Budd Ropinsen Memorial Pind: ‘ 705.94
Students Research Fund.. . eee 4,360.00
Maria DeWitt Jesup Pande: Lecter ee eeeecece 25,000.00
Charles P. Daly Trust Fund................... 19,636.34
Francis Lynde Stetson Fund.................. 25,000.00

General Investments
$50,000 Ches. & Ohio Ry.

414’8...... 000. $47,875.00
$50,000 Southern Ry 5’s 54,604.17
$50,000 Erie Ry. 4’s.... 46,145.84
$59,000 Erie Ry. 4’s.... 54,713.75
$24,000 U. S. Govt. 2nd

Liberty Loan Bonds

AMG Sie bG 208 ex uae 24,060.00

$50,000 Reading Ry. 4’s 46,750.00
*See Foot-note, p. 100.

(97)

Debit Credit

$10,000 New York —

4’s 9,936.25

$50,000 Penn: o 4 va S$ 50,500.00
$10,000 New York Cent.

RY vetcemnedacin xs 9,510.48
$10,000 Balto. & Ohio

Y.5'S........... 10,025.00
$11,000 Milw. Sparta &

N.W. Ry. 4’s...... 10,120.00
$37,000 Nor. Pac. Ry. 4’s 34,058.75
$10,000 oe Liberty

Loa 10,000.00
$35, oe > Great Nor, ‘Ry.

33:775-00
$25,000 re ee Lean

Soc. Ctfs. 25,000.00
$1,000 New Vork City

M4" 990.00
$9. 000 New Mone City

bnateM Meuvied ears 8,718.75
$10,000 Niagara Falls

Power Co.. ; 9,550.00
$5,000 Nash. Chae. & St.

Louis Ry. Equip. 6’s —_ 5,069.85
$5,000 Cin. N. O. &

Texas Ry. Equip.6’s 5,086.02 $496,488.86

Temporary Investments......0 00 ee cc ce ce cece ee = $300.11

Investment of Russell Sage and Mar-
garet Olivia Sage Memorial
Fund

ocks
52 shares Bankers Trust

Co............... $19,500.00
200 oe Manhattan
pCO useees tenes 9,125.00
250 a U. 5S. Steel
Corp. Pfd........ 27,359.37

Io shares importers &
Traders Natl. Bk. . 5,600.00

400 shares American Tel.
& Tel. Co... ......

200 shares A. T. & SF.
Ry. Co. Pfd......

300 shares Missouri

Pacific Common...
100 shares M. K. & T.
Ry. Pfd..........
100 shares Wabash Ry.
100 ae Wabash Ry.
Co. “A”,
100 ne jas Tel.
& Tel. Cable Co. ..
100 shares Balto. & Ohio
Ry. Co. Pfd..
too shares Union Pac:
Bonds
$10,000 Ore. Washn. R.
R. & Nav... ..
$19,000 N. Y. Telephone
Co. Gen..........
$17,000 Mo. Pacific Gen.
4's
$6,000 Gre Ry. Cans: 4’ Ss
$6,000 Balto. & Ohio,
wy

2
$7, 000 Sai New. Encl:
$7,000. Washi: ee

ys
$6,000 Manhattan ‘Ry.
o. Cons. 4’s......
$15,000 Mich. Central Ry
$10,000 N. Y. Central Ry
$15,000 Chic. & No. Wn.

$15,000 Southern Ry. Co.

( 98 )

37:775-00
14,525.00
7,068.75
1,200.00
800.00
2,262.50
5,075.00
4,400.00

6,237.50

6,500.00
14,155.00

8,755.00
3,015.00

4,860.00
3,675.00
4,830.00
3,120.00
15,193.50

10,163.02

15,228.49
11,962.50

$15,000 Illinois Cen-
tral Ry..... 0.0...

$15,000 Atlantic Coast
Line Ry..

$15,000 Union Pacific Ry
$15,000 Chic. Burl. &

Quincy Ry........
$15,000 Norfolk & West-
ern Ry...........
$15,000 N. Y. Central
Ry. Co... ........
$10,000 Pac. Gas & Elect-
TIC “CO snsinoua que
$10,000 Illinois Central
$10,000 Chic. & No. Wn.
10,000 Pitts. McK. & You
Ry

$10,000 Cin. N. Or. &
Tex. Pac. Ry

$10,000 N. Y. Telephone
Co.

$10,000 General Flecwie
COss nies st
$10,000 Amer.
& Ref. Co.........
$20,000 Louisville &
Nashville R. R. Co.
$20,000 Atlantic Coast
Line Ry

(99)

15,211.49

12,112.50
12,637.50

12,112.50
12,037.50
11,212.50

8,925.00
10,128.08
10,151.50
10,151.50
10,162.24
10,181.97
10,040.00

9,676.25

8,681.25

20,302.63

. 20,363.64 $446,473.68

Profit and Loss on Investments
(to be added to principal of funds). .........

Income Accounts

Income of Stokes Fund

Income of Students’ Research Fund...........

$17,723.78

$314.51
843.68

( 100 )

Income of John Innes Kane Fund.. 526.48
Income of Charles Budd Robinson Memorial Pond 97.62
Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund............ 620.24
Income of Darius O. Mills Fund. . eee 161.00
Income of Science and Education F ees isan 499.91
Income of Addison Brown Fund............-... 30.06
Income of David Lydig Fund. ...... $3,787.93
Income of Henry Iden Fund. ; 659.98
Income of William R. Sands F ee 33.29
*Income of Russell Sage and NMeaveavet

Olivia Sage Fund. . 60,451.26
Income of eins R. -Bridgham . iad 20.73
General Income.. 27,293.64

Temporary Funds

Louisa Combe Bequest........... $143.74
Museum and Herbarium Fund.. 48.62
Special vena Fund.. a pees 3,405.47
Special Book Fund . eo eeeerae ee. 42.59
Plant Fund. . sea 272.67
Exploration Fond. peg leds 19.96
Reserve Fund . cece ee $12,020.32
Emma C. Tones eo. ee 1,000.00
Durector-in-Chief, sia, fund.. .. 30,000.00
Cash Balance. weeeee ee 45,474.25

1,122,683.2I1 $1,122,683.21

the $500,000. eas to the Margaret Olivia Sage Fund, it is pro-
bable that over $60,000. of this amount is creditable to income, and this
will offset the debit oe of $60,451.26 standing charged to “Income
of Margaret Olivia Sage Fund.’’ No definite computation can be made

interest is and has been accumulating upon it since the time of her death,
and only a part of the legacy has been received from her executors.

(101 )

TREASURER’S ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR I92I
New York, March 24, 1922
Mr. RoBert W. DE FOREST,
Chairman Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden,
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.
Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have, by direction of the Board of
Managers, examined the books and accounts of the Treasurer
of the New York Botanical Garden, for the year nineteen
hundred and twenty-one (1921), together with their proper
vouchers, and that I find the balance sheet and the Treasurer’s
statement of receipts and disbursements attached hereto to be
correct.

The various investment securities have also been verified
and accounted for, and I certify that the statement of the same
reported in the balance sheet as of December 31, 1921, is correct.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. STONE,
Special Auditor.

VOL, 12 NO. 43

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

ISSUED JUNE 7, 1923

CONTENTS

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF For
THE. YEAR 1022206 ¥ee ee.dc eG bhi dee ee ee
Report of the Assistant Director........... 0 .....
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and
Herbariuit sau 4¢. cacueacavs wits eh ota aieeedes
Report of he Supe cor of Public Instruction.
Report of the Head Gardener............... 0 ...-.
Report of the Director of the Laboratories..........
Report of the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds
Report of the Bibliographer..............2..-0206-
Report of the Librarian............... 0000. c ee eee
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic

Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses..........
Report of the Paleobotanist...................0005
Report of the Honorary Custodian of the local

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE YEAR 1922
REPORT OF THE cao eeaae OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
FOR THE YEAR I ese, oan egies een seen
REPORT OF THE Connurrae ON PATRONS, FELLOWS, AND

BULLETIN

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 13 No. 43

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-
IN-CHIEF FOR THE YEAR 1922

(Accepted and ordered printed January 8, 1923.)

To THE BoARD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW York BoTANI-
CAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit my report for
the year ending January 8, 1923.

Continued progress has been made in the improvement
of the grounds, in the increase, development and study of
the collections of plants, specimens and books and in our
educational and scientific work. The beauty of the natural
features of the reservation has been maintained, but both
these and the plantations are becoming endangered by
increasing numbers of visitors with insufficient police
supervision. All the older plantations have been main-
tained, but some of them imperfectly, owing to the in-
sufficient number of laborers and gardeners. Increasing
public appreciation of plants of all kinds whether from the
standpoint of usefulness or of beauty is evident, and the
fundamental importance of vegetation to the welfare of
the human race is attaining wider and wider recognition.

The institution has reached a high degree of development
and of national and international reputation and signi-
ficance. Its collections are among the largest and most
important anywhere; their extended usefulness and in-
crease, the further development of the reservation of
nearly 400 acres of land, the completion of its buildings,

(103)

(104)

and the extension of educational and scientific work
require more funds than have as yet been made available.

Plants and Planting

Approximately 16,000 kinds of plants have been in
cultivation during the year, of which about 9,000 kinds
were under glass and 7,000 kinds in the out-of-door plan-
tations. The increase of about 1,000 kinds over the record
of 1921, is mostly due to additional horticultural races
and varieties in the special plantations, notably in the
Iris Garden in cooperation with the American Iris Society
and in the new Rock Garden, but some additions have
been made throughout the collections. Mrs. Mortimer J.
Fox and Mr. T. A. Havemeyer continued their aid in
increasing the collection of lilies, and Mr. Havemeyer also
contributed a valuable series of lilacs. In continued
cooperation with the Horticultural Society of New York,
Messrs. Bobbink and Atkins gave 2,700 plants for the
Rose Garden, largely replacements.

The proper labelling of these vast collections has come
to require more help for the Head Gardener than we have
been able to give him, and it is very desirable that an
additional assistant be provided. In many cases long
study is necessary to determine if plants are true to name
when received or grown from seed, requiring reference to
the library and close comparison with herbarium specimens.

Very interesting and detailed accounts of horticultural
and gardening operations are contained in the report of
the Head Gardener, hereto appended.

The new Rock Garden. Under the direction of Dr. E.
B. Southwick, Custodian of the Herbaceous Grounds, and
largely by his personal labor, the large new rock garden
near the Horticultural Gardens Entrance is rapidly assum-
ing acompleted form. This has required the assembling of
a great number of boulders and other pieces of rock, which
have been hauled to the site from time to time from various

(105)

parts of the grounds where they were not needed; also
large quantities of gravel, sand and top soil have been used
in the construction, which it is planned to complete during
1923. Dr. Southwick has already planted over 400 kinds
of plants, including over 5,000 individuals, in this rock
garden and he is propagating many more for planting
during the coming season. Rock-loving plants being mostly
small a very large number of species may be brought into
a relatively small area.

As yet, the water-supply for the rock garden is insuffi-
cient; it will ultimately be necessary to give it greater
head and volume by new water-pipes laid for several
hundred feet through the Herbaceous Garden valley, to
replace small pipes laid there some twenty years ago.

The Cactus collection. Much rearrangement of the ex-
tensive series of cactus plants in the greenhouses was made
in the autumn, at about the time that the third volume of
the monograph of the Cactus Family, written by Dr. J.
N. Rose and myself, was published by the Carnegie Insti-
tution of Washington. Copies of this volume, as previously
of the first and second volumes, have generously been sent
by the Carnegie Institution to members of the Board of
Managers; the fourth volume, to complete the work, is
now going to the printers.

In order to obtain better conditions of cultivation we
transferred the forest-inhabiting, moisture-needing cacti
from Range I to Range 2, leaving most of the desert cacti
in Range 1; several hundred plants which had hitherto
been grown only in the propagating houses were moved
into Range 1 and Range 2, thus greatly increasing the
number of species in the public conservatories; display
labels are now being made for both series.

The Orchid collection. The tropical and subtropical
orchids now occupy one of the greenhouses at Conservatory
Range No. 2, built by the generous gifts of $50,000 each
made by Messrs. Daniel Guggenheim and Murry Guggen-

(106)

heim in 1918, and one-half of an adjacent greenhouse.
The collection has become large and representative, there
being 2,730 plants, including 834 species and varieties, but
we have many desiderata. The number of plants which
flowered during the past year was about 450. January and
May were the two best months, with February and Nov-
ember not far behind. As many as 50 kinds in flower
were exhibited together in January, and a similar display
kept up during the early months of the year.

Development of the Southern part of the Reservation

Much progress was made during the year in the improve-
ment and development of the southern part of the Garden
reservation along Pelham Parkway, under the direction of
the joint committees of the Scientific Directors and of
the Women’s Auxiliary previously appointed. Work was
prosecuted at two areas. One of these lies east of the
Mansion Approach Entrance, where about 350 lineal feet
of the boundary wall and fence were completely built,
grading and drainage completed, about 900 lineal feet of
the path system partly built and may be completed during
the winter, and the lilac collection largely increased. The
other area lies between the Iris Garden Entrance and the
Bronx River, where some 400 lineal feet of the boundary
wall and fence, including piers for the Hemlock Grove
path entrance (built from the bequest of Emma Chambers
Jones), and the grading and drainage were completed,
some 400 lineal feet of the path-system partly built, for
completion during the winter, and a screen of trees
planted. This constructon work was made possible by
the aid of the Special Development Fund of 1922, sub-
scribed by members as follows:

Dr. Robert Abbe............ 0.00 cee cee eee cece nee eeucees $25
Mr. Fritz Achelis. 2.0.0.0... c enue neeeees 100
Mr. Edward D. Adams..............00.0 0000 ccc cece cee eee 250
Mrs. George A. Armour....... ccc ccc cece ence een evenes 5

Mrs. Robert Bacon........ ccc cece ete e eee eet c cane eeseenae 50
Mr. Henry de Forest Baldwin...........0000 0.000 cece cece eee roo
Mr..Ee Py Bicknell tscesidewes acto veds agus eulesawwes eens 25
Miss Elizabeth Billings ayes aus tegte aaa nana aca anne b etna ace it 25
Mr. George Blumenthal........0.... 00000 cc ccc eee ese eeeeueees 50
Mr. George >] gti ite agraratansiayht a geiekel nat angi ae atone mapa een toni 200
Dr. No Le Britton esctestsas oi caee ee eed ca eae e ee sd 100
Mrs. Andrew eee whe re a appeared et oe toes ae Seed pee 250
Mrv@. Ay Comin es 234. vet d Y eed ba daea ena anaes acnd 50
Mr. William Colgate... 0... ccc cece eet eet e eens 10
Mr. James W. Cromwell........000.00 0000 c cece cece ene aee 200
Mri Charles Deering iss. idiad a dideeeceo ws alee pea eee ees 500
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey..........0 00. ccc ccc cee ence eees 50
Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge........0. 0.0 cece ce cee cen 100
Mr. Henry W. de Forest........0.. 00 cc cece eect teen aee 250
Dr. Robert W. de Forest...... 0... ccc cece cee ete ee 100
Mr. Daniel Guggenheim........... 02. cece cece eee eee e eee 500
Mr. J. Horace Harding. .......... 0... cece eee ee ene eees roo
Mr. J. Montgomery Hare....... 0... cece cece nee eee eee 25
Mr. Edward 5S. Harkness........ 0.0... cece cece ee etnies 1,000
Mrs..E. H. Harrimantiss iss esctata evn tis vis oe btaaans 100
M Ay Havemeyer a ire oi Oe tis nents ee ei ae bh 50
Mr. Bernhard Hoffman.......... 0.0.00. cc eee cee eee teenies 100
Mr Adrian Iselin cd occas oes e ae a ael a Sra Peden waaaulkes 50
Mr. Walter Jennings )..;.aiccecisepite de ii cask taewnaea saed 100
Mrs. Delancey Kane.......-. 02 cc cece cee cent eee ete ne eeee 50
Mrs. John Innes Kane ........... 0.0.2 c cence ee ee eens 200
Mrs:Gustav E.. Kissel.c vic sdac cigs ents eer and dv eeatl en bees 25
Mr: Edward V.-Z. Lanes: ..2s vaiau cag ie eae eee eee 100
Prof. Frederic’ S.. Lee: vaca cktes twas ohana weed ie osha een 4 100
Mr. Adolph Lewisoht..9.0. 044 seen s cea ike ees ee ew ead 100
Mr. William J. Matheson......... 00... cece eee ee ee ene 100
Hon. Ogden L. Mills... 2... 2. ee teens 100
Mrw J Pe Morganiiens oc ccasie eda ee vas Sue eR OG Dees es 500
Dr. Lewis R. Morris........ 0.002 cece ce cee cece ete enneae 250
Mr. Frederic R. Newbold...... 2.0.0... ccc cc ee eee 2
Mrek., Oleottc ive ected tat cee a ee es Va 10
Mr. Charles Lathrop Pack........ 0.00. c cece ee ee teens 50
Mrs. George W. Perkins. ...... 0.00.0 ec cece eee 100
Mrs. George Dy Pratt.nc ices. cave oewiwntiy shee ear ee ed ed ened 100
Mrs: Harold.1 Pratt 3.4.26) sian ieee eee ie eed Ra S ew eee 100
Mrs. William A. Read....... 000... cece cece ence eens 25
Mrs. James Roosevelt... 20.0... ccc eee cece cence eee e ences 100
Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff... 2. ee cece eens 100
Mrs. James A. Scrymser.... 06.0006 2c eee ccc ee ee eee eee 500
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan... .. 0. cc eee ence eee ene 25
Mrs William SloanGsiie.c..3u Rae eet heed wke chee ena s 6 100

Mrs. Theron G. Strong.... 0.00.0... 00 eee teens 50

Be Ki. Sturgis a0 ose fees nba tee oes See ese 250
Mrs. Henry O. Taylor..........0 00.0 200
Mrs) FFs. Thompsons 4x cade ioe ino peak ee ae ee seca 100
Mr. Louis: C,, Tiffany ccc ie cnnckne eee eens helo phates ee ives 100
Mr. Felix M. Warburz....000 0000002 eee 100
Mr. Allen Wardwell... 000022. eee 25

Tl Otalde dau oe atv ee acer ae ee eee $8,220

Provision has been made in the budget for 1923 for
continuing this work of fencing, grading, path-building
and planting; it is highly important that it be pushed to
completion as rapidly as funds can be made available;
about one-third of the planned improvement has now been
accomplished.

Museums and Herbarium

Progress was made in arranging and classifying many
thousand specimens and incorporating them into the
permanent collections; many thousand others remain in
storage and additional museum aids are needed to enable
our curators to select, classify and incorporate such of
these as it is desirable to keep. Additional herbarium cases
are also required for the proper arrangement of these
collections for reference by students. From all sources,
by gift, purchase, exchange and the collections by our
expeditions, the report of the Head Curator records the
receipt of over 60,000 specimens.

The most extensive single collection obtained was the
herbarium of seaweeds brought together by the late Mr.
Frank S. Collins, of Massachusetts, including over 41,000
specimens.* Dr. Howe has arranged and incorporated
about one-third of this collection, which notably increases
our reference strength in this class of plants.

Another notable accession has been made for us by
Captain Arthur W. Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens at Kew, England, by permitting us to secure a

*Journ N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 23, 24. 1922.

(109)

very valuable set of the botanical collections made by
Edouard André in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, estimated
to include over 4,000 specimens and including many species
not represented in American museums. The collection is
of especial interest and value to us at this time, in connec-
tion with our investigations of the flora and plant pro-
ducts of northern South America; it was purchased from
the income of the Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund.

From M. Lecompte, Director, we have received from
the herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, a highly
valued series of over 1,000 specimens in continuation of
exchanges, many of them from French Guiana.

The Library

The report of the Librarian shows an addition during
the year of 504 bound volumes to the collection of books,
which now consists of a little over 31,000 bound volumes.
The additions have been made through exchanges of our
publications for those of other institutions and societies,
through gifts of books, and through purchases from the
incomes of the Fanny R. Bridgham Fund and the Francis
L. Stetson Fund. An additional card catalogue case was
purchased from the income of the Sage Fund.

During the coming year purchases of books may for the
most part be made only by means of funds subscribed,
inasmuch as the incomes of funds used this year are now
required for other purposes. Many books in the collection
require binding or rebinding and some additional shelving
is needed. This library has become one of the most im-
portant collections of botanical and horticultural literature
in the world.

A suggestion of provision for the photostatic method for
the facsimile reproduction of rare books and pamphlets
made by Dr. Barnhart in his report as Bibliographer is
important and will be brought to the attention of the
Scientific Directors.

(110)

Botanical Exploration and Collecting

A joint expedition to the Andes of Colombia was organ-
ized in the spring under the leadership of Dr. Francis W.
Pennell, now Curator of Botany at the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences, formerly one of our associ-
ate curators; he was accompanied by Mrs. Pennell, by
Mr. E. P. Killip of the United States National \Iuseum
and for part of the season by Professor Tracy E. Hazen of
Barnard College; return was made in the autumn. Finan-
cial aid was given by us, by the Gray Herbarium of Harvard
University, by the Smithsonian Institution, and by Mr.
Oakes Ames. Very large collections of herbarium and
museum specimens were obtained, and are being classified
and arranged under Dr. Pennell’s direction at Philadelphia,
for distribution to the cooperating institutions. The
results will form a noteworthy addition to knowledge of
the flora of northern South America.

We also cooperated with the Smithsonian Institution
and the Gray Herbarium in making arrangements for
Mr. Paul C. Standley’s expedition* to Salvador and
Guatemala from December, 1921, to June, 1922, under-
taken and successfully carried out, to increase knowledge
and the representation of the vegetation of those countries
in the collections of the cooperating institutions and to
make more complete the descriptive Flora of Central
America and Panama which Mr. Standley is now writing.

Dr. Henry H. Rusby, Honorary Curator of our Econo-
mic Collections, who led the Mulford Biological Exploring
Expedition of 1921-1922 to Bolivia, returned in the spring
with a large and important series of museum and her-
barium specimens, a set of which has been selected by him
for the collections of the Garden and partly studied. He
has published a narrative of his tript and his annual
report, hereto appended, gives additional details of his
wor

*Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 168-175 1922.

tJourn. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 101-112. 1922.

(111)

Accompanied and aided by Mrs. Britton and by Miss
Margaret S. Brown, I was in Porto Rico for a little over
two months in the early part of the year,* engaged in
collecting specimens and obtaining information concerning
plants and their products, for use in the Descriptive Flora
of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, publication of which
is now being commenced by the New York Academy of
Sciences, as the botanical part of the scientific survey of
these United States insular possessions.

Dr. John K. Small, Head Curator, has continued botani-
cal collecting in Florida by means of continued aid from
Mr. Charles Deering, and has greatly increased our collec-
tions of living plants from that state as well as of herbarium
and museum specimens. He made a noteworthy collection
of all the known kinds of cactuses of the southeastern
United States which we have put on exhibition in Con-
oe Range No.

. Dr. Herbert M. eatiow: Honorary Custodian of
the Local Herbarium, made collections of specimens de-
sired in southern New York, northern New Jersey and
Connecticut. His report is appended.

Public Instruction and Information

Educational work has been continued along all the lines
followed in previous years. Much progress was made in
labeling plants throughout the grounds and in the museums,
but many plants and specimens still require labels and
is hoped to supply several thousand more during the
coming year. Public lectures on Saturday and Sunday
afternoons have been continued either in the Museum
Building or in the Central Display Greenhouse, a winter
course in the greenhouse having been arranged for the
first time. Members of the staff, acting as docents, have
given out a great amount of information to visiting parties
and individuals; we did not succeed in concentrating this

* Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 49-59. 1922.

(112)

docentry work with one person, an arrangement which I
suggested as desirable in my last annual report. The
great number of inquiries made by visitors and by letters
have been answered, in many cases requiring much investi-
gation to get the information desired.

The Hemlock Grove

The natural forest which clothes the rocky ridges bord-
ering the Bronx River in the central part of the Garden
reservation, characterized by an abundant and vigorous
growth of the hemlock spruce at its most southern range
along the Atlantic Coast, has always been one of the most
attractive and interesting features of Bronx Park, both
summer and winter, and special care has been given to its
protection from vandalism, tramping and fire, by patrol
and by guard rails along parts of its paths and trails. It
has become necessary, owing to the increasing number of
visitors, to increase the patrol and to place additional
guard rails along more of the paths and trails; provision
for part of this increased protection has been made in the
budget for 1923; more may be required to ensure the
safety of the grove.

A new investigation of this remarkable forest, including
studies of its soils, its undergrowth, its reproduction, the
number of trees, both large and small, and other features.
has been referred by the Scientific Directors to a Committee
consisting of Mr. Barrington Moore, Professor Richards
and Dr. Gleason.

The natural reproduction of the hemlocks from their
own seed, while continuous in parts of the grove, is local,
the young trees coming up in colonies, and it may become
desirable to distribute them or to plant additional young
trees, raised from seed, in certain areas where the light
conditions will allow their growth and development; this
consideration will be given special attention by the Com-
mittee. The project for this investigation was drawn up

r. Moore.

(113)
Buildings

No new structures have been built during the year; the
older ones have required and received many repairs and
this work must be continued. The exteriors of the Central
Display Greenhouse at Conservatory Range 2 and those
of several houses at Range 1 were painted; the wooden
bridge in the aquatic house, Range 1, was replaced by a
concrete bridge; in continuation of the work of replacing
iron-framed greenhouse benches by concrete ones, those in
house 7, Range 1, were rebuilt. The roofs of houses 4
and 13 of Range 1 still require reglazing; application for a
city appropriation of $15,000 for this purpose made at our
request by the Commissioner of Parks has not yet been
granted and the request has been renewed. A request for
a city appropriation of $12,000 for a needed additional
propagating greenhouse was referred back.

ur application for $25,000 city appropriation for the
construction of two needed public comfort stations has
not yet been acted upon.

The roof of the Lorillard Mansion requires repairs which
we may be able to secure through the meagre City Budget
appropriation for repairs and renewals. The room on
the main floor of the Mansion prepared for exhibition
purposes in cooperation with the Wild Flower Preservation
Society of America has been equipped with framed paint-
ings and with floor cases.

Details of repairs and renewals are recorded in the
report of the Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds,
hereto appended.

Paths and Roads

The parts of the path-system under construction in the
southern part of the reservation have already been referred
to in this report; these measure about 1,550 lineal feet, and
it is planned to complete them during the coming season
and to accomplish some work in connecting them with parts

(114)

of the system already constructed farther north. In the
north meadows a connecting path about 450 feet long,
partly constructed several years ago, was completed. The
iength of paths in our general plan, as yet unbuilt, aggre-
gates a little more than two miles. The built paths and
trails already in use aggregate over 16 miles in length;
when the system is completed as planned, it will thus
be about 19 miles long in all. As the use of the reservation
increases, it appears desirable to add some connecting paths
to our present plan.

Much resurfacing of paths previously built was necessary,
largely due to a succession of violent summer storms.
Ashes from the power houses were used for this purpose;
they have the merit of not costing anything, but they are
not as satisfactory as trap-rock screenings, used previously,
now highly expensive. Several miles of additional guard-
rails along paths will ultimately be needed.

The driveways have been maintained as in former years
by the Park Department, under the provisions of the
Charter, and we are grateful to Park Commissioner
Joseph P. Hennessy for cooperation in this matter and in
many other phases of our work. A city appropriation
enabled him to have the traffic road rebuilt, and another
city appropriation as yet unexpended is expected to com-
plete the unfinished driveway running northeastward from
the Rose Garden. The opening of the driveway in the
Bronx River Parkway leading north from the Garden has
greatly increased the use of the Garden driveways.

Reports Appended

I append reports made to me by Dr. Gleason, Assistant
Director; by Dr. Small, Head Curator; by Dr. Murrill,
Supervisor of Public Instruction; by Mr. Boynton, Head
Gardener; by Dr. Stout, Director of the Laboratories; by
Mr. Corbett, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds;
by Dr. Barnhart, Bibliographer; by Miss Harlow, Librari-

(115)

an; by Dr. Hollick, Paleobotanist; by Mrs. Britton,
Honorary Curator of Mosses; by Dr. Rusby, Honorary
Curator of the Economic Collection; by Dr. Denslow,
Honorary Custodian of the Local Herbarium; and a
schedule of expenditures by Mr. Groesbeck, Bookkeeper.
Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Britton,
Secretary and Director-in-Chief.

REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: J have the honor to submit herewith my annual
report for the year 1922.

There has been no change in my official duties during
the year, and a considerable portion of my time has been
devoted, as before, to the ordinary routine of administrative
detail.

It is a pleasure to record a considerable improvement in
punctuality in the publication of the Journal, as well as a
slight reduction in the cost. Mr. R. S. Williams has
continued as editor, but the bulk of the editorial work has
been assigned to Mr. James A. Crawford, associate curator.
Volume 23, for 1922, contains 203 pages and 15 full-page
plates.

Following the death of Mr. Geo. V. Nash, I was appointed
an editor of Addisonia with Dr. J. H. Barnhart, and in
that capacity I have given considerable attention to our
relations with the printers and engravers who produce it.
A new contract was made with the Art Color Photo
Engraving Company for the last two issues of the current
year, upon terms more favorable to us than any we have
been able to obtain for some time past. Several other
companies have submitted bids for the same work, all of
which have been conspicuously in excess of the price we
are now paying. It seems probable, therefore, that the
financial position of Addisonia in this respect can not be

(116)

soon or greatly improved. While the first two numbers of
the year were delayed far beyond their stated date, the
October number appeared early in December and the
December number was issued December 30. I believe
we may expect little or no delay in the appearance of
future numbers.

Mycologia has appeared as usual throughout the year.

Bulletin 42, the annual report for 1921, was published
July 6, including 101 pages and opening volume 12.

During the year 3 numbers of the Contributions have
been published, aggregating 52 pages, as follows:

235. Phytogeographical notes on the Rocky Mountain
region. X. Grasslands and other open formations of the
montane zone of the southern Rockies, by Dr. P. A.
Rydberg.

236. Studies of West Indian plants. X., by Dr. N. L.
Britton.

237. Cyclic manifestations of sterility in Brassica pekt-
nensis and B. chinensis, by Dr. A. B. :

My personal research has been devoted largely to the
study of recent collections from British Guiana, involving
naturally some examination also of material from adjacent
countries. One paper has been transmitted for publication
as a result. Some of the material has been referred to
Mr. N. E. Brown for comparison with the collections at
the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England, and from his
preliminary reports it is apparent that British Guiana
contains a wealth of undescribed species of flowering plants.
I have also transmitted for publication two other major
articles, on evolution and distribution in the North Ameri-
can species of Vernonia and on the genus Vernonia in
Bolivia, besides several short notes and reviews.

My native collector, J. S. De La Cruz, has sent in large
collections of British Guiana material, as a result of which
over 1500 sheets have been or will soon be added to our
collections. A large part of these come from the upper

(117)

Rupununi and Mazaruni rivers, territory hitherto unrep-
resented in our collections, and include materia’ of great
taxonomic importance.

Throughout the year I have served as a member of the
Board of Control of Botanical Abstracts, on the board of
directors of the American Iris Society, and on the board
of directors and the exhibition committee of the Horti-
cultural Society of New York.

Respectfully submitted,
H. A. GLEason,
Assistant Director.

REPORT OF THE HEAD CURATOR OF THE
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to sumit herewith my report as
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium for the
year 1922.

The collections under my supervision, public exhibits
and research material, were cared for and developed by
the methods in force during the past decade.

A total of 62,608 specimens were added to the general
collections. They were received through the several
channels which may be tabulated as follows from the
Museum and Herbarium accession lists which were printed
in several numbers of the Journal:

By gift and purchase.............0. 002 c ewer eset e tenes 48,052
By €xchanges ves ccu seus ea faced oe Sao ae Wac ee aes 7,264
Byéxploration®: 323 jgccae eoeed awe nde eae Beau wes ~ 7,219
The value of the specimens received as gifts amounts to
$4,637.10.

More than five thousand duplicate specimens were sent
to other institutions and to individuals in exchange for
other specimens.

Museums

The museum equipment was increased by a case for

exhibiting the flowers and fruits of species described in

(118)

the recently issued volume two of the Cactaceae and by
numerous museum jars for the display of specimens.

The Economic Museum

The greater part of the addition to this museum repre-
sents the materials collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby and his
associates on the Mulford Biological Exploration of the
Amazon Valley. All the specimens hitherto installed
were furnished with numbers corresponding with those
in the “‘Guide to the Economic Museum.”’ The labeling
of the more recently installed specimens has been continued.

The Systematic Museum

Of the four divisions of this museum, the Synoptic
Collection was increased by miscellaneous specimens, mainly
derived from collections gathered in the course of explora-
tion by members of the garden staff; the Local Flora
remained the same as in the preceding year, except for
the addition of a few specimens in the lower groups of
plants; the Microscope Exhibit was maintained as here-
tofore, with the renewal of several specimens; the Plant
Picture Exhibit remained the same as it was last year.

The Fossil Plant Museum

Valuable specimens from different geologic horizons,
from the northern regions of the Old World and the New,
as well as from some of the western States were added to
the resources of the fossil plant collections. For details
see the report of the Paleobotanist.

Herbarium

No new equipment was added during the year. The
capacity of the present equipment was taxed to near the
limit.

More than 52,256 specimens were received. They
represent a wide geographic range. Some came from the

(119)

Philippine Islands, China, Europe, and Africa; but the
great bulk was received mostly through the purchase
of the Collins herbarium and as a result of exploration
under your direction in Tropical America. Cuba, Porto
Rico, Mexico, Central America, Panama, Colombia, Vene-
zuela, British Guiana, Bolivia, and Brazil contributed the
material upon which activities are now centered.

Drafts upon the collections received during the year
and from the accumulations of previous years not yet
drawn upon, amounting to about 18,000 flat specimens,
were incorporated in the permanent collections, mounted
on about 14,000 herbarium sheets, and several hundred
bulky specimens were stored in cardboard boxes. A rather
unusual accession to the herbarium was a large series of
photographic prints of type specimens of succulents, of
old paintings of plants cultivated and flowered at the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the earlier part of the
nineteenth century, and of living plants, mostly in flower,
of Mesembryanthemum.

Considerable attention was given to the conservation of
the collections already mounted, which were used exten-
sively in studies by members of the scientific staff and
other qualified investigators approved by you. Some of
the activities additional to routine and mechanical cura-
torial work are referred to below.

Investigations and Assistance

Dr. P. A. Rydberg, Curator, continued in charge of the
phanerogamic herbarium. During the first four months
he was occupied mainly with mechanical work, principally
in connection with the unmounted material. During the
summer months some time was spent in preparing an
appendix to his Flora of the Rocky Mountains, of which
the second edition will be issued this winter. The remain-
der of the time was taken up by routine work, and in
distributing about 5,000 mounted specimens into the

(120)

herbarium cases. During the fall some time was given
to taxonomic work, mostly in preliminary studies in the
family Fabaceae, and to reading proofs on one part of
North American Flora which will be issued at an early
date. One paper, Phytogeographic Notes on the Rocky
Mountain Region, X., was published last February.

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator, continued to have
special charge of the collections of algae and hepaticae.
Good progress has been made in entering in the herbarium
the Collins collection of algae purchased early in the year
by yourself, and generously donated by you to the Garden.
This collection includes somewhat more than 40,000 speci-
mens and was one of the largest existing private collections
of this group of plants. Dr. Howe, also, for the fifth
season, gave special attention to the exhibition border of
dahlias. He acted as judge at several of the leading dahlia
shows in the East, wrote the text for a recently published
dahlia number of Addisonia, and contributed articles on
the dahlia to The Garden Magazine and to the Bulletin
of the American Dahlia Society. Another important paper
published by him during the year is ‘‘ Two New Lithotham-
nieae from the Lower Miocene of Trinidad, British West
Indies,’ inthe Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum.
He continued to act as secretary of the Torrey Botanical
Club and associate editor of its publications, as a member
of the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences, and
as a member of the Board of Control of Botanical Abstracts.
He has given four lectures in the Saturday afternoon
courses, one in the weekly convocation series of the
Connecticut College for Women at New London, and
several others in the vicinity of New York City.

Dr. Fred J. Seaver, Curator, continued in charge of the
collections of ascomycetes and lower fungi, Dr. Murrill
having cared for the higher forms. Some time and atten-
tion was devoted to a study of the tropical fungi with
especial reference to Porto Rico. Manuscripts on the
fungi of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands are being

(121)

prepared by him in cooperation with Mr. Carlos E.
Chardon of the Insular Experiment Station of Porto Rico
for use in connection with the scientific survey which is
being made of those islands by the New York Academy
of Sciences. One part of North American Flora on the
genus Phyllosticta was completed and published. Several
smaller papers were also published, three lectures given
in the regular Saturday afternoon course at the Garden
and one in the winter lecture course. Regular routine of
preparing and mounting specimens and in treating them
to prevent their destruction by the brown-beetle and
buffalo-moth was maintained. He has also given some
attention to insects and fungi affecting living plants.

Mr. Percy Wilson, Associate Curator, has carried on his
studies throughout the year on tropical American plants.
The Flora of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, which he
has been working on in cooperation with yourself, has
progressed rapidly and it is expected that a part will be
issued soon. He devoted considerable time to the naming
of specimens received from various institutions, and also
for members of the Garden staff. His docentry work was
greatly increased owing to the growing number of requests
from visitors who have applied for special instruction, as
well as classes for both public and private schools.

Mr. James A. Crawford, Associate Curator, has been
preparing an index to the taxonomic literature of botany
contained in the periodicals of the library, assisting Dr.
Gleason with his specimens of British Guiana plants,
assisting in editorial work on the Garden Journal, taking
special photographs within the Garden, and occasionally
guiding classes of students from local schools and colleges
about the plantations and conservatories.

Dr. H. H. Rusby, Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections, continued to develop the exhibits of the
Economic Museum. See his report.

Mrs. N. L. Britton, Honorary Curator of Mosses,
continued with the assistance of Mr. R. S. Williams,

(122)

Administrative Assistant, to develop the Moss Herbarium.
See her report.

Dr. Arthur Hollick, Paleobotanist, continued in charge
of the fossil plant collections. See his report.

Dr. H. M. Denslow, Honorary Custodian, devoted his
time at the Garden to the development of the local flora
collection. See his report.

The writer, in addition to routine work, continued his
general studies in the plants and plant-geography of the
southeastern states and special studies in our native cycads,
palms, spider-lilies, and flags. The latter part of April
and the first part of May was devoted to further explora-
tion in peninsular Florida and on the Florida Keys. At
the same time further studies were made both in the field
and in the Deering Reservations at Buena Vista and Cutler,
among the cacti and other special groups of plants. The
end of August and beginning of September were devoted
to gathering living cacti of the eastern Coastal Plain for
a public exhibit in conservatory range 2. The last two
weeks of December were devoted to further exploration
and collecting, and to special studies in peninsular Florida.

A number of articles, largely the results of the past and
present field work, were written and some of them published
in the Journal and in Addisenia.

Respectfully submitted,
Joun K. SMALL,
lead Curato. of the Museums and Herbarium.

REPORT OF THE SUPERVISOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1922.

Lectures

The lecture courses were further extended during the
year and instruction by correspondence, interviews, walks,
etc., was given freely to all who applied.

(123)

Fifty-four illustrated public lectures on botanical and
horticultural subjects were given in the museum building
on Saturday and Sunday afternoons from April 15 to
October 15 inclusive, the titles of which were published in
the Journal. Members of the Garden staff gave 35 of the
lectures and the remaining 19 were by outsiders. The
attendance on Saturdays and Sundays averaged 67 for
the 40 spring and summer lectures and 99 for the autumn
lectures. The maximum attendance on Sunday was 148,
at the lecture by Dr. Gleason on May 28, and the maxi-
mum attendance on Saturday was 215, at the lecture by
Dr. Howe on September 23. The general average for all
the public lectures in the museum building for the season
was 76.

In March, April, October, and November two courses of
four lectures each, as published in the Journal, were given
in the central display greenhouse of conservatory range 2.
All the speakers were from the Garden staff. The attend-
ance reached a maximum of 70 on October 21, at the
lecture by Dr. Rusby, and the general average for all the
lectures was 31.

A new course of Sunday lectures in the central display
greenhouse of conservatory range 2, to be continued
throughout the winter, was inaugurated on December 3
with a lecture by Dr. Britton on “Forest Cacti.”

Abstracts of many of the above lectures appeared in
the New York Times and the Bronx Home News.

School Lectures and Demonstrations

Several classes in biology from various public high
schools visited the Garden for the study of living plants
and museum collections and for lectures in our lecture
hall. These exercises were under the general direction of
the school teachers, guided by myself and assisted by
various members of the Garden staff.

(124)

Docentry

Many special appointments were made outside of the
regular schedule. Parties of high school pupils and Girl
Scouts were conducted by members of the staff through
various parts of the grounds. Students and teachers from
Columbia, Rutgers, Hunter College, Froebel Institute,
and elsewhere also came in groups.

Meetings

Among the various meetings held at the Garden during
the year, J may mention the joint session of the Torrey
Botanical Club, Wild Flower Preservation Society of
America, and New York Bird and Tree Club, at the
mansion on April 26, which was attended by about one
hundred people. An important meeting of the American
Iris Society was also held at the mansion in May, in connec-
tion with the Iris exhibition.

Floral Exhibitions

The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation
with the New York Botanical Garden, held exhibitions of
flowers in the museum building on the dates given below.
The collections of irises, peonies, roses, dahlias, etc., on the
grounds also attracted large crowds of people.

May 13, 14. Exhibition of Flowers.

May 27, 28. Exhibition of Irises in cooperation with
the American Iris Society.

August 18-20. Exhibition of Gladioli.

September 22-24. Exhibition of Dahlias.

Personal Investigations

Lectures, editorial work, correspondence, docentry, and
other forms of public instruction have allowed very little
opportunity for scientific work. My correspondence, both
general and mycological, has been unusually heavy. Edi-
torial work on Mycologia and North American Flora was

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continued as usual. Five main articles, mostly on dark-
spored agarics, and many shorter articles and notes on
various mycological subjects were prepared and published
in Mycologia. Considerable field-work was done at Yama
Farms in the southern Catskills. Several new lectures
were prepared for the various Garden courses, a list of
which will be found in the Journal for 1922. Miss Helen A.
Purdy has rendered valuable assistance in my department.
Respectfully submitted,
W. A. MuRRILL,
Supervisor of Public Instruction.

REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER
Dr. N. L. Britron, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report for
the year 1922.

Horticultural Operations

The planting and care of the plantations in grounds
and greenhouses, under the supervision of Messrs. John
Finley and H. W. Becker, foreman gardeners, was carried
on with a force of 27 gardeners, 14 laborers, and 1 apprentice
gardener. The usual operations of cultivation were pur-
sued and considerable new planting made. Under Mr.
Finley’s direction evergreens and shrubs in conservatory
beds were rearranged and 7 varieties put in the Pinetum
collection as specimens; 33 trees were planted along the
main drives, including 20 red oaks along the drive from
the mallow collection to the iris garden entrance and three
trees in the lilac garden; a permanent hedge of privet was
set out around the stable yard; 32 trees, mostly oaks,
phellodendron, and poplar, were planted along Pelham
Avenue near the new entrance; 26 young trees were planted
in the arboretum, 20 plants of Salix gractlistyla, our earliest
willow, were planted along the drive west of the long
bridge, and 12 Swiss stone pines were moved to the entrance

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of the horticultural garden, where six were placed on each
side. In the rose garden 14 new beds were made, 2,700
plants were planted, including 200 standards, and the old
plants arranged in the outer beds. In the lilac garden 56
plants were moved and replanted and 154 new ones put
in place. In the iris garden 4 new beds were made and 750
plants placed therein. Another new peony bed was made
and 75 plants transferred to it from the conservatory beds.
A new bed was prepared for the collection of perennial
phlox and 223 plants placed. The lily collection was
partially replanted and a new bed made to accommodate
30 additional kinds. A collection of 1,600 tulips, donated
by John Scheepers, Inc., was planted in the old rose bed
east of conservatory range I and 5,000 narcissi in the con-
servatory court beds and on the border of the canna bed.
The mallow collection received 250 more plants. The
rock garden, under the supervision of Dr. E. B. Southwick,
was built up nearly to completion, 2,855 plants being placed
and space left for additional planting in the spring. The
fern garden has been augmented by 500 plants on rocks.

Under Mr. Becker’s direction more palms were planted
out and further rearrangement effected in house 1, conser-
vatory range I, Contingent upon the replacing of the
bridge in the aquatic house, all the aquatics were taken
out and replanted. In house 7 the caction the side benches
were rearranged and 130 plants transferred from the
propagating house. The climbing Cereus, Rhipsalis and
Epiphyllums, 230 in number, were transferred to conser-
vatory range 2, where the bromeliads were transferred to
a portion of the orchid house and propagating house and
the house left vacant used for the climbing cacti, Epiphyl-
lums, and Dr. Small’s collection of cacti of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain. At conservatory range 2, 1,800 plants,
including 500 chrysanthemums, 200 cinerarias, 250 bego-
nias, and cyclamen, primula, carnation, and stock, were
raised for exhibition in the central display house. At the

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propagating houses many new seedlings were propagated
for the woody collection, annuals for the conservatory beds,
etc.

Systematic Plantations

Herbaceous Grounds. The herbaceous collections com-
prise about 3,500 species and varieties in herbaceous
grounds, nurseries, and flower gardens.

Woody Collections. nthe fruticetum, salicetum, arbore-
tum, and viticetum are located about 3,000 plants, repre-
senting 800 species and varieties in 90 genera.

Conservatories. Nearly 23,500 plants are now housed
under glass, representing 9,000 species and varieties
disposed as follows: range I, 8,465; range 2, 10,686;
propagating house, 4,295. In the conservatory court lily
tanks 54 varieties of water-lilies were shown this year.

Miscellaneous Collections

Rose Garden. The collection now contains 3,800 rose
plants, including the best of those which flowered during
the present season, augmented by Messrs. Bobbink and
Atkins’ planting of 2,700. Beds are ready for 500 additional
plants which they will send in the spring.

Dahlia Garden. Under the direction of Dr. Marshall
A. Howe, the dahlia border contained 833 plants of 475
varieties, obtained from roots grown previously and from
new varieties given by some 25 dahlia enthusiasts.

Gladiolus Collection. This collection was increased by
five varieties from Mr. J. A. Kemp, Little Silver, N. J.,
and small lots from other donors, making with the Kunderd
and Childs collections 220 varieties and 15,000 bulbs.

Canna Collection. The display of cannas, which were
the best in quality we have had in several years, contained
1,300 plants of 70 varieties.

Iris Garden. Through the continued cooperation of the
American Iris Society, the number of iris plants reached

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2,975 and the varietal names number 1,023. The chief
additions were plants imported by the Society from French
and English growers.

Lily Garden. The lily beds were planted with 400 addi-
tional bulbs made available through the cooperation of
Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox and Mr. T. A. Havemeyer. There
are now 43 varieties represented.

Variegated Plant Collection. This group contained 600
plants of 57 species and varieties.

Tulip Collection. The tulip display of 19,000 bulbs in
the conservatory courts and horticultural garden bloomed
last spring. This fall a collection of 53 varieties of Darwin,
Cottage, and Breeder tulips, given by John Scheepers,
Inc., was planted in the old rose bed, east of conservatory
range I.

Phlox Collection. Our new phlox collection consists of
223 plants representing 25 varieties of perennial phlox of
the paniculata and suffruticosa groups.

Narcissus Collection. This display now amounts to about
6,000 plants. In addition to the planting of King Alfred
at the horticultural garden, we have 5,000 plants of 5 other
large trumpet types of daffodils planted in the conservatory
court beds and canna beds for next spring’s display.

Peony Collection. The 3 peony beds now contain 265
plants of 88 varieties, of which 75 plants of 38 varieties
were added from our old collection.

Mallow Collection. This contains 790 large plants,
including the Meehan and Bobbink and Atkins groups
and those from Dr. Stout’s collection, 250 of which were
added this year to fill the area.

Fern Garden. Under the supervision of Dr. E. B.
Southwick, the fern garden has grown to 8,500 plants, 500
of which he collected this year for the higher rocky portion
of the site.

Rock Garden. The planting in the rock garden has
been nearly doubled this year. Under Dr. Southwick's

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guidance 2,855 plants were added, some collected by Dr.
Southwick; a splendid collection of 200 varieties was given
by Mr. Clarence Lown of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and 45
varieties by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. An estimate
places the number of plants here at 5,355.

Lilac Garden. Through the cooperation of Mr. T. A.
Havemeyer, 154 plants of 72 varieties were added to the
lilac groups, giving a total of 412 plants of 150 varieties.

Labeling, Recording and Herbarium

The work has been in charge of Mr. John Hartling,
Head Gardener’s Assistant, with 1 label boy for the whole
year and 1 other label boy for 4 months. A total of 4,049
labels have been placed, 75 signs have been made and
relettered, and about 3,500 have been made and repainted
ready for lettering.

Accession numbers 50,442 to 51,366 have been recorded
making a total of 925 accessions for the year. The number
of packets of seeds received was 783; by gift 22, by pur-
chase 279, by exchange 476, by collection 6. The total
number of plants received was 9,116; by gift 3,047, by
exchange 432, by purchase 5,369, by collection 261, from
seed and other sources 2. The herbarium of cultivated
plants has been increased by 250 specimens. Many speci-
mens and materials have been collected for use at Columbia
and like institutions.

Investigations and Lectures

I have given four lectures in the regular courses and three
in the greenhouse and winter courses, and have demonst-
strated our collections of shrubs and evergreens to students
of horticulture from Columbia University.

Respectfully submitted,
KENNETH R. BoynTon,
Head Gardener.

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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORATORIES
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1922.

During the last three and one half months of the calen-
dar year I have, with permission of the Board of Managers,
been on leave of absence from the Garden and it is planned
that this absence will extend until June 15, 1923. During
this time Miss Hester M. Rusk is continuing the most
important of the various lines of research which have been
in progress and performing the routine duties involved in
the care of the laboratories and the taking of meteorological
records. Mrs. Jean Kerr has throughout the year rendered
valuable aid as a voluntary and unpaid assistant in the
prosecution of several of the experimental studies.

A period of one week during June was spent at the New
York State Experiment Station at Geneva in continuing
the studies of grapes, of which an account has already
been submitted.* Special effort was made to obtain crosses
between tender seedless varieties and hardy near-seedless
plants. At the present time several thousand seedlings
from seed of controlled pollinations of the previous year
are being grown at the Station.

During the summer, I spent two weeks at Presque Isle,
Maine, prosecuting studies of sterility and fertility in
varieties of the Irish potato. This was the second year of
cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry in this
research. An investigation of over 100 varieties has now
been made and a report of the results is in manuscript
ready for publication.

At our own experimental plots and greenhouse consider-
able investigation has, as in previous years, been directed
to studies of sterility and fertility. The phenomena of
intersexualism have been studied particularly in Plantago
lanceolata, Cleome spinosa, Lythrum Salicaria, and in

* Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 148-156. 1921.

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certain varieties of Pelargonium. Cleome spinosa has
exhibited repeated cyclic changes in sex with decided
intermittency in the production of fruit. Incompatibilities
in fertilization have been studied in several species, but
especially in species of Hemerocallis and Brassica. Brassica
pekinensis has given results of unusual interest and results
which may have an important bearing on crop production.

From the first year of my association as a member of
the staff of the New York Botanical Garden, the pheno-
menon of bud variation has been under investigation.
My interest has extended to all of the problems involved
in vegetative propagation such as the occurrence and nature
of bud variation, the transmission both through seed and
through bud progeny of the different types of bud variations
and the somatic and biogenetic organization of plants
long propagated by vegetative means. Coleus, Pelar-
gonium, and Abutilon have been favorable material for
these studies.

At the present time, investigations with species of
Lilium comprise a major effort in which Mrs. Mortimer
J. Fox, Miss Rusk, and I are cooperating. A report of
the aims of these studies has recently been submitted to
you.* Progress in these studies has been very satisfactory.
We have cooperated in preparing a number of Addisonia
devoted entirely to lilies.

word may perhaps be added regarding my research
during the stay in southern California. I am finding here
opportunity to continue my studies of sterility and
fertility and to extend such studies to several important
fruit crops and such researches are occupying the greater
portion of my time.

The list of students formally registered during the year
for research at the Garden is as follows:

Glover, Clifford C., Taxonomy of the Caprifoliaceae.
Hylander, Clarence J., Algae, the ec oraceae.
Johnson, Alice M., Saran in oe
Kozlowska, Aniela, Paleobot
Lanfear, Mrs. L. H., eee “hee

*Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 155-158. 1922.

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Dr. Mel. T. Cook spent several months at the Garden
at the end of the year in research in pathology and morpho-
logy.

Respectfully submitted,
A. B. Stout,
Director of the Laboratories.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS
AND GROUNDS
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1922.

Regulating and Grading.

Considerable work was accomplished along Pelham
Avenue, west of the Bronx River, where about an acre
and a half of ground was regulated, graded, and made ready
for planting, and on the eastern side of the river, near the
Mansion Approach Entrance an acre of ground was also
graded and made ready for planting. The quarry near
conservatory range 2 was filled in and graded for a depth
of four feet, and a quarter of an acre of land here is ready
for planting.

Outside contractors working in the vicinity of the Garden,
looking for a convenient place to dispose of soil from
excavations, carted about 1,200 cubic yards into the Gar-
den at their own expense. This included about 300 yards
of top soil, which we used for the rock garden and as a
top dressing for the flower beds in the herbaceous grounds
and near conservatory range 2. In order to fill in the new
road near the large lake, 600 yards of this soil were utilized
and about 200 yards for filling in along Pelham Avenue
west of the Bronx River; the remaining 100 yards were
put along the boundary of the Garden just north of the
Woodlawn Road entrance.

Nearly 175 cubic yards of stone were blasted and re-
moved from the quarry north of the museum building.

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This stone was used for the construction of paths at the
southern end of the Garden and for those in the north
meadows. About 75 yards of stone were blasted and taken
from the quarry near conservatory range 2 for the con-
struction of the foundation and rubble-stone work of the
new fence along Pelham Avenue, and also for the lining of
paths.
Drainage

In order to drain the ground graded near Pelham
Avenue west of the Bronx River, two catch-basins were
installed and 378 feet of 6-inch tile pipe were utilized.

Water Supply

Necessary repairs were made to the main water-supply
pipes in front of the museum building. Other important
repairs were made to the water systems in the basement
of the museum building, in conservatory range 1, in all
the comfort stations and at the drinking fountains.

Paths

Near the southern end of the Garden west of the Bronx
river, a 10-foot path 573 feet long was lined and three-
quarters of it was paved. Another path 993 feet long was
built through the lilac garden near the mansion, of which
three-quarters was also paved. In the north meadows a
10-foot path 441 feet long was paved, covered with ashes
and rolled down. For the purpose of paving the paths
about the lilac garden, 150 cart-loads of stone were removed
from the arboretum grounds near the shelter house. A
10-foot road 490 feet long, running along the railroad
boundary from power house 1 to the Elevated Railway
Approach, was lined and made ready for paving. The
path from the 2ooth Street entrance to the Elevated Rail-
way Approach was raised 8 inches for a distance of 465
feet, filled in with trap-rock, which had been taken from
the traffic road while this was being rebuilt by the Park

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Department, rolled and finished, and the road leading to
power house I was raised 8 inches, rolled and finished.
The path leading to the Elevated Railway Approach, be-
tween the traffic and pleasure roads, which is 60 feet long
and 20 feet wide, was raised 6 inches, rolled and resurfaced.
The path from the Southern Boulevard entrance to the
Elevated Railway station was raised 8 inches for a distance
of 300 feet, resurfaced and rolled. All the paths on the
terrace around conservatory range I were resurfaced and
rolled, and the paths through the iris garden were resur-
faced with ashes and rolled.

Buildings

The halls, walls of the upper floor and north wall of the
mezzanine floor of the museum building received two coats
of paint. The carpenter made the necessary repairs to
the doors and windows and the plumber and the steam
engineers repaired the steam and water systems in the
museum building.

The upper dome of house 1 and the exterior of houses
5 and 11 of conservatory range I were painted. Repairs
were made to the sash bars in houses 4, 5, 11, and 13 by
the carpenter and painter. Ten steam coils in house 1
and one line of steam-pipe on the center bench in house
6 were replaced. All needed repairs were made to the
steam system in conservatory range I by our steam
engineers. The plumber repaired the water leaders and
drain-pipes, and the carpenter made all necessary repairs
to the doors and sash. On account of the cyclonic storm of
January 17, an unusually large amount of glass was broken
in conservatory ranges 1 and 2; the damage was covered
by insurance policies. In order to replace the broken
glass at conservatory range I, six and a half boxes of glass
16 x 24 inches were used and at conservatory range 2, four
boxes of glass 30 x 48 inches. All other glass broken during
the year was replaced. The rustic bridge in the aquatic
house was replaced by one of concrete. A concrete bench,

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three tiers high, was built in the center of house 7, conser-
vatory range I.

The exterior of the central display house of conservatory
range 2 received two coats of paint. The rafters were
repaired, as were the steam, water and drainage systems.
All broken glass was replaced. New gutters and leaders
were installed at the propagating houses and stable.

Two exhibition cases to be used for the exhibition of
publications were built for the first floor of the mansion.
The front exhibition room on the first floor was painted
and all necessary repairs were made to the windows and
doors by the carpenters.

The brickwork of the boilers at power houses 1 and 2
and the steam systems were repaired.

A foundation 130 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 3 feet
deep was built under the Elevated Railway Approach for
a proposed storehouse and shop. A brick wall 8 inches
wide and 14 feet 4 inches high was placed over this founda-
tion and six windows were installed.

Grounds

The cedar fences along the Bronx River and at the
Woodlawn Road approach were repaired by the carpenter.
The chestnut bridge in the north meadows was refloored
and a new railing constructed. Nearly 350 feet of one-
rail iron fence was erected near the iris garden and repairs
were made to the railings throughout the grounds. The
new fences along the Southern Boulevard and at Pelham
Avenue near the mansion entrance received two coats of
paint, as did the one- and two-rail fences through the
hemlock grove. An 8-foot, stone and iron, boundary
fence along Pelham Avenue east of the Mansion Approach
entrance, mentioned in last year’s report, was extended
for a distance of 380 feet. To erect the boundary fence on
the west side of the Bronx River on Pelham Avenue, 385
feet of foundation, 360 feet of 18-inch rubblestone, two
gate piers and five 20-inch piers were constructed.

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The Department of Parks rebuilt the traffic road from
200th Street to the Southern Boulevard entrance with
concrete and asphalt.

Twelve new rustic benches were built by the carpenter.
A map of the Garden was placed at each entrance. All
signs throughout the grounds were repaired. A sufficient
quantity of wood was cut from dead or fallen trees to
supply the propagating houses with fuel for four and a
half monthsand the mansion for one month. The uprooting
of the poison ivy has been continued.

Parties, averaging about ten a week and consisting of
from 75 to 2,000 children, visited the Garden from May
until September. These children were from the public and
Sunday schools of Greater New York, as well as from New
Jersey. They were escorted to the three picnic grounds
set aside for this purpose, and special guards were detailed
to these grounds every day.

From May until November for five days a week, in-
cluding Saturdays and Sundays, two city officers in civilian
clothes were stationed in the Garden. Twelve additional
guards selected from the laborers and gardeners in addition
to our own keepers have helped also to protect the grounds.
At all times during the year a city officer has been assigned
to the Garden. Over 200 summonses were given by the
officers of the Police Department for violations of park
ordinances, the offenders being fined from one to ten
dollars each by city magistrates. On Saturdays, Sundays
and holidays during the summer months, the average
number of visitors numbered about 50,000; in July and
August this number was greatly augmented. The plan-
tations suffered little from vandalism because of the
watchfulness of our employees.

On account of the ever-increasing number of visitors to
the dahlia, gladioli and rose collections, a special guard
was detailed to watch these collections day and night.

Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR S. CORBETT,
Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.

(137)

REPORT OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHER

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1922.

Assistance to visitors and members of the staff in their
use of the library, and work in botanical bibliography,
have as usual consumed considerable time; but the bib-
liographer has given particular attention to his editorial
work. Conditions in the printing trade have shown marked
improvement, especially during the second half of the year.

Four numbers of North American Flora have appeared
during the year. Volume 6, part 1 was issued in April,
volume 33, part I, in September, and volume 7, part 7
and 8 in December. Even this record has been attained
only by the use of two printing establishments at the same
time. Twonumbersarein press. More than four thousand
pages of North American Flora have now appeared; one
volume is complete, and sixteen are in course of publication.

Of Addisonia, five numbers have been issued: the final
number of the sixth volume, and all of the seventh. Two
hundred and fifty-six plates have now been published in
color in this journal.

The growth of the library is recorded in the report of
the Librarian. There have been few particularly important
accessions; perhaps the most noteworthy single volume is
Ventenat’s Choix des plantes (1803), a folio volume with
60 plates.

In recent years the development of the photostatic
method for the reproduction in fac-simile (either negative
or positive) of rare books and papers has opened a new
field in library development, and it is now possible in many
cases to secure good working copies of publications not
otherwise available. Our library has several such photo-
static copies; all of these have been presented by friends
interested in the particular cases involved. The biblio-
grapher has had several such copies made for the library
at his own expense during the past year. It is perhaps too

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soon to suggest that the Garden should install photostatic
apparatus for the copying of its own rarities, but some
special provision should certainly be made for securing
needed copies of the botanical treasures of libraries where
such apparatus is already installed.

The bibliographer has published but little of his own
during the year; chiefly scattered biographical notes in the
Garden Journal, and a paper on nomenclature in the
September number of the Journal of Botany, British and
foreign. The period covered by the present report marks
the completion of twenty years of service on the scientific
staff of the New York Botanical Garden.

Respectfully submitted,
JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART,
Bibliographer.

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report
for the year 1922.

A recent census of the library shows a total of 31,038
bound volumes, a gain of 504 over the census of I921.
Of these there were acquired by purchase 126, by exchange
and deposit 20, and by gift 23. The principal accessions
have been listed as heretofore in the Journal. During the
year 40 volumes have been permanently recalled by
Columbia University. This number included their set of
the Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft which
has now been replaced.

There have been bound 374 books belonging to the
Garden and 57 belonging to Columbia. It was decided
that library buckram should in most cases be substituted
for morocco as a binding material, having the advantage
of greater economy as well as durability.

The new catalogue case, installed at the entrance to the
stack room in March, has greatly relieved the crowded
condition which formerly prevailed. There have been

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added to the catalogue 1,330 type-written cards, 3,519 of
the printed ones issued by the Torrey Botanical Club,
and a large number of guide cards.

Additional space for shelving folios is needed that such
volumes may be kept in their proper sequence and pro-
tected from injury due to over-crowding.

Lack of full time assistance has rendered it difficult to
attend to all the varied details which are involved in the
administration of a library of this size, but it is trusted
that the present report may be found to compare favorably
with those of former years.

Respectfully submitted,
SaRAH H. Hartow, Librarian.

The following additions and corrections should be made
to the list of serials which was appended to the report
of the Librarian for 1921 (Bulletin 12: 41-61).

Omit the following:

Park International.

Omit § before the following:

Bremen. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bremen, Germany.
Abhandlungen.

Sociedad de a Naturales del Instituto de la Salle, Bogota
Colombia. Boleti

Change the ide:

California State Commission of Agriculture to California State
ae anil of Agriculture.
sachusetts Horticultural Society, Transactions to Annual
ee Bulletin
Add the elloe ae
British Guiana. Department of Science and Agriculture, George-
town, British Guiana. Journal, Report.
Deutscher naturwissenschaftlich- medicinischer Verein fiir Béhmen:
“Lotos,’’ Prag, Czecho-slovakia, ‘‘Lotos.
Milwaukee. Public Museum. Milwaukee, Wis. Bulletin, Report,
Year Book.
ee Verein fiir Steiermark, Graz, Austria.
Mitteilunge

Ohara raat fiir landwirtschaftlich Forschungen, Kurashiki,

Japan. Berichte.

[ Petrograd. Jardin Principal Botanique, Petrograd, Rus
Bulletin, Tailae systematicae ex Herbario, Notulae See. ex
Instituto Cryplogamico.

(140)

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF THE ECONOMIC
COLLECTIONS
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: | have the honor to submit the following report on
our economic collections for the year 1922, during which
period several important improvements have been made
in the Museum.

Since the printing of our Catalogue, many specimens
have been added, for the satisfactory and permanent re-
cording of which provision has now been made. A suitable
binder, with a sufficient number of large blank sheets, has
been prepared and upon these sheets the pages of the
catalogue have been mounted so as to leave wide margins
for annotations. On these pages have been recorded all
museum additions to date. Besides providing a current
record, these sheets will serve as printer’s manuscript
when a new edition of the catalogue is desired. In connec-
tion with the above work, the entire collection has been
supplied with numbers printed in large and heavy type,
so that reference to the catalogue is facilitated. The only
desideratum now remaining to render our collections fully
serviceable is suitable labeling of the specimens, a work
which we hope to complete during the coming year.

The additions to our collections are numerous and of
peculiar interest. As Director of the Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Valley, I devoted myself
assiduously during the latter half of 1921 and the early
part of 1922, to the collection of the economic vegetable
products of the region traversed from La Paz, Bolivia,
through the valleys of the Quime, Canamina, Meguilla,
La Paz, Bopi, Beni and Madeira Rivers and upon the
lower portions of the Cochabamba and Negro. In this
work, I was ably assisted by Dr. O. E. White, of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Separately or together we
made a number of side trips into various adjacent regions.
Altheugh many cultivated products were obtained, by
far the greater number represent native plants. The

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most important group consists of food products, especially
edible fruits. It is probable that very few of these are
represented by characteristic specimens in any other
collection. The method of collection and preservation
was that usually employed by us. A large number of
two-quart glass fruit jars, with an ample supply of formal-
dehyde, were carried, so that we were enabled to preserve
the form, and to a great extent the color of the specimens
collected. Owing to the crude methods of transportation,
many of the jars became broken, but anticipating this
result, such methods of packing were employed that there
was little destruction of the specimens contained in the
broken jars. The expense of transporting this equipment
was very heavy and science is greatly indebted to the H.
K. Mulford Company for providing the necessary means.
We also received material assistance from the Bolivian
representatives of the Messrs. Guggenheim Brothers. My
personal indebtedness on this score is very great, as it is
probable that I could not otherwise have survived the
exposure and hardship to which I was subjected.

Not only are the specimens collected on this expedition
unique in collections, but they are botanically little
known and some evidently quite unknown. All of my
available time for many weeks will be required for their
determination.

Record is here made of the receipt of another consign-
ment of specimens of proximate principles from Messrs.
Merck & Company, replacing those which they removed
for improvement or replacement. It is hoped that the
entire remainder of this collection may be received during
the coming year.

In conclusion, I can report the conditions for the collec-
tion of local materials during the coming year as being
exceptionally favorable.

Respectfully atic
H. RUSBY,
Honorary Curator of the a Collections.

(142)
REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF MOSSES

Dr. N. L. Britron, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: The accessions for the year 1922 number 430, and
870 duplicates have been distributed as exchanges. These
accessions have been acquired through purchase, collection,
and exchange, and represent a wide range of localities in
North and South America, as well as the Old World. All
have been or will be recorded in the Journal. Duplicates
have been distributed from Porto Rico, British Guiana,
Cuba, and Trinidad. Mr. R. S. Williams has taken charge
of the collections during my absence and given much time
to study of Tropical American species, particularly South
American.

The collection of lantern slides has been increased by
146 colored and 113 uncolored slides and 160 negatives
have been added.

Acting as Secretary for the Stokes’ Fund and the Wild
Flower Preservation Society I have answered letters, dis-
tributed literature, and given several lectures to garden
Clubs in the vicinity of New York.

Respectfully submitted,
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON,
Honorary Curator of Aosses.

REPORT OF THE PALEOBOTANIST

Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to report as follows upon paleo-
botanical activities during the year 1922.

During the period from February 15 to September 30,
I was in Washington, D. C., on leave of absence, engaged
upon work on the fossil flora of Alaska for the United
States Geological Survey.

From January I to February 14 and from October 1 to
December 31 my time and attention were especially
given to the study of certain of the paleobotanical
collections of the Garden and in general to the development

(143)

of the paleobotanical museum and library. The principal
items of study were concerned with the fossil flora of Brazil
(in cooperation with Prof. E. W. Berry of Johns Hopkins
University) ; the fossil flora of the West Indies; and certain
specimens representing genera whose identity has been the
subject of frequent discussion. Photographs or drawings
were made, and descriptions and discussions were written
for inclusion in papers in course of preparation on these
several items. In this connection the cordial cooperation
and assistance of the U. S. Geological Survey is here
acknowledged, especially for expert photographic work.

Sixty-six specimens, including thirty-eight species, were
added to the paleobotanical collections, all but two of
which were obtained through exchange of material. The
most important single accession consists of 48 specimens
of Triassic and Jurassic plants from Scandinavia, received
from Prof. Rudolf Florin of the State Museum at Stock-
holm, Sweden. These specimens include twenty-seven
species, nearly all of which were not previously represented
in the Museum collections.

Thirty-one paleobotanical publications were received,
from seventeen different authors, five of whom contrib-
uted their works for the first time. Our paleobotanical
mailing list now includes some fifty names of active
workers, with about twenty-five of whom correspondence
was exchanged.

Three articles, personally written, dealing directly or
indirectly with fossil plants, and based upon Garden
material, were issued during the year. I also prepared and
presented three communications on paleobotanical subjects
at meetings of scientific societies.

Among those who visited the Museum in order to obtain
paleobotanical information, or to study certain of the
fossil plant collections, were Professor Ralph W. Chaney
of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, who is engaged
in an investigation of the Tertiary floras of the north-
western United States, and Miss Eda M. Rounds of

(144)

Brown University, who is making a special study of the
Carboniferous flora of Rhode Island.
Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR HOLLICK,
Paleobotanist.

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CUSTODIAN OF THE
LOCAL HERBARIUM
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report as
Honorary Custodian of the Local Herbarium for the year
1922.

The first work to be undertaken was that of sorting and
arranging the sheets of the present collection, in order to
make them more readily available for consultation, and
also in order to discover in what parts of the local area
and in reference to what species further collection is
needed. Good progress has been made in this undertaking
through the careful and enthusiastic labors of Mrs. P. de
C. Mitchell, who has been allowed to assist the Custodian.
As the time that Mrs. Mitchell can give is very limited,
this work is not vet completed. laps of the local area,
one for each species, have been prepared, by the use of
which the distribution of each species will be plotted for
record and consultation.

Additions to the Local Herbarium have been made to
the extent of about 700 sheets, by the gift from Mr. W.
C. Ferguson, of Hempstead, L. I., of nearly 300 sheets,
the collecting of about the same number by the Custodian,
the gift of several specimens by Dr. Hollick, and the
collecting of about 90 species by Mr. Beals, on Torrey
Club trips.

During July and August I was enabled by the grant of
$75.00 from the Charles Budd Robinson Fund, to make
several trips in Orange County. in which ten of the twentv
townships were visited, some specimens collected in each
of these, and many desirable additions made to the Local

(145)

Herbarium. Some collecting was done also in Sullivan

and Ulster Counties, in northern New Jersey, and in
Connecticut.

Respectfully submitted,

H. M. DENSLow,

Honorary Custodian of the Local Herbarium.

(146)

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING
THE

YEAR 1922

I. CITY MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT

Appropriated Expended Balance
Salaries, Regular Employees.......... $142,839.00 $142,557.89 $281.11
Wages, Temporary Employees........ 12,796.80 12,796.80
Total, Personal Service........ $155,635.80 $155,354.69 $281.11
Forage and Veterinary Supplies....... $373.00 $371.81 $1.19
Fuel Supplies.................200005 25,050.00 25,019.22 30.78
Office Supplies...................005 00.00 2909.43 0.57
General! Plant Supplies.............. 1,000.00 1,000.00
General Plant Equipment........... 1,000.00 999.77 0.23
General Plant Materials............. 2,300.00 2,300.00
General Repairs and earcalias 3,500.00 3,499.94 0.06
Light, Heat and Power.............. 350.00 350.00
Shoeing and La es including
Veterinary mas te tawta tieke oe apteas 150.00 149.50 0.50
Telephone Service.................0. 150.00 149.50 0.50
Total, aes other than Per-
sonal Service..............2. $34,173.00 $34,139.17 $33.83
Summary, City Montene: Account 189,808.80 189,493.86 314.94
2. SPECIAL GARDEN ACCOUNTS
Appropriated Expended Balance
PLANT Founp
Balance from 1921 ..........000 0000s 22.76
Contribution.................00000. 400.00
Sale of Hay...... 0.0.0.0. cece eens 215.00
Total vou. 2i5. tab edhe $637.76 $595.62 $42.14
EXPLORATION FunpD
Balance from 1921 ......00 eee c veces $10.96
Contribution.............0 0000000 ee 1,358.00
Total........ 0000000 $1,377.96 $1,388.14 $10.18*
Museum AND HERBARIUM FuND
Balance from 1921 ......6.00 0.000000. $8.62
Contribution...............0....0.. 110.00
Ota let sts atten eae eae: $118.62 $81.35 $37.27

*Shortage

(147)

SPEcIAL Book Funp

Appropriated Expended Balanc2

Balance from 1921........ 0.202 c ccc $18 43
Sale of Books.......... 0.0.2 e cece eee 6.75
Total os cekt vicar an eedevawa's $25.18 $25.18
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT FuND

Balance from 1921 ...ccce cece eee eee $1,108 .07

Contributions. ...........020000000- 8,220.00

New Paths and Grading............. $3,136.00

Engineer’s and Architect's Fees...... 250.00

ai oar WANS A avsuie dee dee ee tees 4,043 .00
ee Se ee 940.66

ene Supplies and Materials. . 435.50

Total vie nate ise ees $9,328.07 $8,805.16 $522.91
Louisa ComBE BEQUEST

Balance from 1921... ccc cece ccc enees $64.52
Transferred to General Income Ac-
COUN bisa Suite ehauiennt ease tx $64.52
EmMA CHAMBERS JONES BEQUEST
Construction of Path Entrance ou Pel-
m Parkway.............-.- $1,000.00 $1,000.00
3. SPECIAL INCOME ACCOUNTS
Appropriated Expended Balance
Income of Science and Education Fund.
Museum and Herbarium Speci-

MENS... .. ee eee eee $ 470.00 $351.14 $118.86
Lectures... 0.00. c ec eee eee 1,330.00 1,325.95 4.05
Photography...............-.05 200.00 116.45 83.55
Publications...............2.56- ,000.00 937.00 63.00
Investigations at other Institutions 500.00 407.87 92.13

| rat setae ceita a eedcurad nace ey $3,500.00 $3,138.41 $361.59
Income . Dae O. Mills Fund.
Scientific Supplies.............-. $2,200.00

boratories........ 0.0.02. c eee ee $292 96
Museums......... 00.2.0 0c ee eee 221.10
Herbarium..... 0.0.0.0 .e seen eee 1,428.64
Library icc ieee ties iss cece: 168.72
Gardet iig25 3teecs ete Peete 78.37

RO tal sa aacectats taedceannte anaes $2,200.00 $2,189.79 $10.21

(148)

Appropriated Expended Balance

Income of ks Iden Fund
Book

ithe Hn nee ein eS eee $500.00 $500.00
Income of William R. Sands Fund
Horticultural Prizes............. $400.00 $152.00 $248.00
Accumulated Income of Olovia E. and
Caroline Phelps Stokes Fund
Preservation of Native Plants.... $300.00 $207.71 $2.29
Accumulated Income of Students’ Re-
Aid for Students’ Research...... $850.00 $160.00 $690.00
Income of of David Lydig Fund
Publications...... . 1... $4,000.00 $3,984.41 $15.59
Income of Kaden Bieun Fund
Publication of Addisonia......... $3,200.00 $3,163.41 $36.59
Income of John Innes Kane - ud
for Grounds and Green-
HOUSES ots cetergnnasega os $500.00 $475.57 $24.43
Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund
Increase = hs nen Books
and Specimens................ $1,200.00 $1,112.50 $87.50
Actes a i Charles Budd
Ro n Fund
iding " Explorati OM seat aay cases $ 80.00 $75.00 $5.00
Accumulated Income of Russell Sage
argaret Olivia Sage Fund
each ceahs eh sencnlatiitasl Siena Calan $7,150.00 $7,147.60 $2.40
pee and Lantern ai Cases. 785.00 781.15 3.85
Repairs and Renewals........... 2,850.00 2,398.61 451.39
Salaries: isu sai esate os 19,000.00 16.365.23 2,634.77
Supplies and Materials.......... 8,165.00 5394-47 2,770.53
Publications veeeee +e 1,800.00 1,747.49 52.51
Ota ouees teehee ont Gee arncaeee $39,750.00 $33,834.55 $5,915.45
aa of Fanny Bridgham Fund
oks and Book-binding..... $1,200.00 $1,031.17 $168.83
dacime 4. Francis Lynde Sietcon Fae
Books oficisacvagivae ti da es $1,000.00 $183.97 $816.03
4. GENERAL INCOME ACCOUNT
Appropriated Expended Balance
INSUrance ss cvnace caren ode cates $325.00 $319.94 $5.06
Entertainment of Guests and Mectings
fembers............0..0000- (a) S74 43 25.57
Assistance for Treasurer... .. . . ... 1,080.00 1,080.00
Circulars for Member ip... ie 800.00 777.87 22.13
Temporary Subsidy for Racin. fey 1,000.00 953.02 46.98

(149)

Appropriated Expended Balance

Contingent Fund.................5- 2,600.00 2,578.32 21.68

Dalariesiscicdalucpacks Gave eee tee eee 16,200.00 15,843 -39 356.61
Expenses of Honorary Curator of Econ-

omic Collection................. 600.00 600.00
Transferred from Louisa Combe Be-
St tetiateniteamnene eg eae 64.52
Totals cacetaneide eer else $23,569.52 $23,026.97 $542.55

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FROM FUNDS OF THE
GARDEN

Appropriated Expended

Special Garden Accounts.............
Special Income Accounts.............
General Income Account.............

5. BOARD ROOM FUND

January I, 1922, Balance in cash......
Gross Receipts, January to December.
Less, credited to Garden Funds.......

Net Receipts...................
Total covussci ce eas lah aaa ke
Disbursements, Supplies.............
Contingencies..............--00000-

$84,695.73

$515.41

22.36

$163.61
659.47

Respectfully submitted,
WALTER S. GROESBECK,
Bookkeeper.

E, and O. E.
New York, JANUARY 8, 1923.

Balance

$342.43

493.05
$835.48

823.08

$12.40

(150)
DrIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF’S ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1922

New York, April 4, 1923
Mr. Ropert W DEFOREST
Chairman, Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden,
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have examined and audited the finan-
cial books and accounts of the Director-in-Chief of the New
York Botanical Garden for the year nineteen hundred and
twenty-two (1922), and that I find the same to be correct, and
the cash balance to be as stated in the current cash book.

In accorance with recent practice, I have not included in the
auditing the examination of the vouchers for City maintenance
or construction work paid for by the Citv, as such vouchers
have been found proper and in order by the City authorities,
and it was decided in 1904 by the then Chairman of the Finance
Committee that a further examination of them was unnecessary.
By hike authority I have omitted also a detailed examination of
the annual membership dues account. These dues are received
by the Director-in-Chief and forwarded by him to the Treasurer,
the former keeping a detailed record of the same.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. Stone, Special Auditor.

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC
DIRECTORS TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS OF
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

The Scientific Directors have held their regular meetings
through the year and have discussed with the Director
many of the matters which aie presented in detail in his
report.

Four additional parts of the North American Flora have
been completed during the year, three on the fungi and
one on the Compositae. Volume III of the great monograph
of the Cactus family by Drs. Britton and Rose has appeared
and more than maintains the high standards set by the two
preceding volumes. With the completion of the four

(151)

volumes of this important work, we shall have produced,
perhaps for the first time in America, an illustrated mono-
graph worthy in its style and scope to be classed with the
sumptuously illustrated works on the roses, orchids, etc.,
of the old world botanists. The Dahlia Border, the new
Iris Garden, the Rose Garden, and the Holland Bulb Growers
spring exhibition of tulips have been notable again this
year for the variety and excellence of the types displayed.
In these plantings of horticultural and decorative plants
the Garden is doing much to stimulate a keener and more
discriminating interest in the newer as well as the standard
products of the plant breeder’s art. The publication by
Dr. Howe in Addisonia of popular, but scientifically ac-
curate and adequate, descriptions of an especially note-
worthy series of dahlias with illustrations from Miss
Eaton’s beautiful paintings, is another notable contribution
in the same field.

For a number of years past the Scientific Directors have
been increasingly impressed with the need of larger funds
for the support of the scientific and educational work of
the Garden if it is to do its full share in the advancement of
botanical science. Funds are needed both for the ex-
ploration of the floras and plant resources of the botanically
less-known parts of the world, especially Central and
South America, and for work in the great fields of ex-
perimental plant pathology, physiology and genetics. With
our present limited staff and equipment, it is quite impos-
sible, for example, to take adequate advantage of the very
special opportunities for genetical, physiological and patho-
logical studies which both the decorative and systematic
plantations at the Garden afford. This matter has been
fully presented in the report of the Budget Committee and
of the Director, and the Scientific Directors agree most
earnestly in urging the importance of the plans presented
for increasing the endowment of the Garden.

Respectfully submitted,
R. A. Harver, Chairman.

(152)

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS
FELLOWS AND MEMBERS FOR
THE YEAR 1922.

To THE Board OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: The number of new members who have
qualified is 187. The number of annual members is now
1257; life members 127; sustaining members 17.

Of the annual members 46 are now in arrears for dues
for 1922, 28 for dues 1921 and 1922, 6 for dues for 1920,
1921 and 1922.

Dues have been collected to the amount of $12,460.

Three persons have qualified as life members by the
payment of $250 each. Two fellowship members have
completed their payments of $100 per year for ten years
and have been enrolled as fellows for life. These sums
have been transmitted to the treasurer.

A complete list of all classes of members to date is
herewith submitted.

BENEFACTORS

*Mrs. Fanny Bridgham, *D. O. Mills,

*Hon. Addison Brown, *J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.,
*Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller,

Columbia University, *Mrs. Russell Sage,
*Hon. Charles P. Daly, *Francis Lynde Stetson,

Daniel Guggenheim, *Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Murry Guggenheim,

PATRONS

Oakes Ames, *William E. Dodge,
*Miss Catherine A. Bliss, James B. Ford,

Dr. N. L. Britton, George J. Gould,
*Hon. Addison Brown, Edward S. Harkness,
*Andrew Carnegie, *Mrs. Esther Herrman,
*Mrs. George Whitfield Collord, Archer M. Huntington,
*Mrs. Louisa Combe, enry Iden,

*Tames M. Constable, Mrs. John Innes Kane,

* Deceased

*John Stewart Kennedy,
*Mrs. Mary J. Kingsland,
*]. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.,
*Oswald Ottendorfer,
*Lowell M. Palmer,
*William Rockefeller,
*William R. Sands,

(153)

*William C. Schermerhorn,
*James A. Scrymser,

Mts. Finley J. Shepard,
*Samuel Sloan,

Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson,
*W.K. Vanderbilt,

Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood.

FELLOWS FoR LIFE

Edward D. Adams,
George F. Baker,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting,
Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
James B. Ford,

Daniel Guggenheim,
Murry Guggenheim,

S. R. Guggenheim,

Mrs. John Stewart Kennedy,

Edward V. Z. Lane,
Mrs. Frederic S. Lee,
Ogden Mills,

J. P. Morgan,

E. A. Richard,

Mrs. John A. Roebling,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Leon Schinasi,

Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes,
Charles G. Thompson,
Louis C. Tiffany,

Tiffany & Company.

LirE MEMBERS

Edward D. Adams,

Dr. Felix Adler,

Mrs. James Herman Aldrich,
J. Sherlock Andrews,

Dr. S. T. Armstrong,
Edward W. C. Arnold,

Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss,
Samuel D. Babcock,

Dr. John Hendley Barnhart,
George D. Barron,

Aurel Batonyi,

Gustav Baumann,

Samuel R. Betts,

William G. Bibb,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss,

* Deceased

George Blumenthal,
G. T. Bonner,

Mrs. Addison Brown,
J. Hull Browning,
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,
T. Morris Carnegie,
Frank R. Chambers,
Hugh J. Chisholm,
Hugh J. Chisholm, Jr.,
Geo. C. Clark,

Banyer Clarkson,

Dr. James B. Clemens,
William F. Cochran,

William Colgate,
Miss Georgette T. A. Collier,

W. E. Conner,

Mrs. F. A. Constable,
Zenas Crane,

R. N. Cranford,

Charles Deering,

Mrs. John Ross Delafield,
Maturin L. Delafield,

W. B. Dickerman,

Miss Josephine W. Drexel,
Miss Ethel DuBois,

Miss Katharine DuBois,
William A. DuBois,
George E. Dunscombe,
Thomas Dwyer,

George Ehret,

Ambrose K. Ely,

Edward J. Farrell,

Mrs. H. J. Fisher,
Andrew Fletcher,

Charles R. Flint,

Eugene, G. Foster,

Mrs. John French,

Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs,
Daniel Guggenheim,
Bernard G. Gunther,
Franklin L. Gunther,
Charles J. Harrah,

Archer M. Huntington,
Frank D. Hurtt,

James H. Hyde,

Mrs. Columbus O’D. Iselin,
Theo. F. Jackson,

Dr. Walter B. James,
Miss Annie B. Jennings,
Mrs. David J. Kelley,
Nathaniel T. Kidder,
H.R. Kunhardt,

W. B. Kunhardt,

(154)

Charles Lanier,

W. V. Lawrence,

Meyer H. Lehman,
Mrs. George Lewis,
Joseph Loth,

William H. Macy, Jr.,
Louis Marshall,

Edgar I. Marston,
William J. Matheson,
C. W. McAlpin,

Guy R. McLane,
Emerson McMillin,

Dr, George N. Miller,
A. G. Mills,

Mrs. William F. Milton,
Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Sigmund Neustadt,

A. Lanfear Norrie,
Gordon Norrie,

George M. Olcott,

Mrs. Charles Tyler Olmstead,
William Church Osborn,
W. H. Perkins,
Gustavus A. Pfeiffer,
M. Taylor Pyne,

John J. Riker,

J. C. Rodgers,

Thomas F. Ryan,

Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,
Edward C. Schaefer,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Mrs. I. Blair Scribner,
George Sherman,

James Shewan,

James Speyer,

Miss Ellen J. Stone,
Albert Tag,

Paul G. Thebaud,
Charles G. Thompson,

(155)

Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson, F. M. Warburg,

Robert M. Thompson, John I. Waterbury,
William Thorne, Miss Emily A. Watson,
William Stewart Todd, S. D. Webb,

Miss Anna Murray Vail, Dr. W. Seward Webb,
F. T. Van Beuren, John D. Wing,

Mrs. C. Vanderbilt, Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Robert Breckinridge Baird, George Grant Mason,

Miss Elizabeth Billings, Arthur M. Mitchell,
Miss Mary T. Bryce, William Church Osborn,
Homer A. Dunn, William H. Porter,
John Greenough, Mrs. James T. Pyle,
Mrs. E. V. C. Hawkes, William R. Stewart,

O. H. Kahn, Charles Strauss.

Mrs. Frida Merz Krollpfeiffer, Arthur Hays Sulzburger.
Edgar L.. Marston.

ANNUAL MEMBERS

Dr. Robert Abbe, Miss Charlotte L. Andrews,
Benjamin Abert, W. H. Andrews,

Fritz Achelis, John F, Anglin,

John Achelis, D. A. Ansbacher,

F. B. Adams, Mrs. John F. Archbold,
Henry S. Adams, Mrs. George A. Archer,
Mrs. George B. Agnew, Francis J. Arend,

Alcuin Preparatory School, Reuben Arkush,

J. E. Aldred, Mrs. H. O. Armour,

Mrs. Winthrop W. Aldrich, Dr. William Aronstein,
Sir Douglas Alexander, Bart., B.M. Asch,
Mrs. Frances Gordon Alexander Mrs. M. Ascher,

Mrs. John E. Alexandre, E. Asiel,

James F. Allen, Dr. John Aspell,

Philip Allen, Mrs. E.S. Auchincloss,
Mrs. S. W. Allerton, Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr.,
Miss Clara Altschul, John W. Auchincloss,

Mrs. O. P. Amend, Chellis A. Austin,

P. Chauncey Anderson, Ledyard Avery,

J. M, Andreini, Charles F. Ayer,

Frank L. Babbott,

Jules S. Bache,

Charles Baird,

Miss Charlotte S. Baker,
George F. Baker,
Stephen Baker,

Albert H. Baldwin,

A. T. Baldwin,
Frederick H.Baldwin,
George V. N. Baldwin, Jr.,
William D. Baldwin,
Mrs. William M. Baldwin,
Edward L. Ballard,
Chris Bambach,

Louis Bamberger,

Mrs. James L. Barclay,
Percival M. Barker,
Julius H. Barnes,
William M. Barnum,
Clarence W. Barron,
Miss Mary F. Bartlett,
John E. Bates,

Mrs. A. Battin,

Mrs. Martha Battle,
Felice Bava,

Mrs. L. P. Bayne,
Jeremiah Beall,

John D. Beals,

Lewis Bechtold,

Mrs. Margaret B. Becker,
H. C. Beckman,

Frank Begrisch, Jr.,
Mrs. A. Frederick Behre,
Dr. Otto F. Behrend,
Frank N. Bell,

Louis V. Bell,

William B. Bell,

C. M. Bellek,

August Belmont,

J. Philip Benkard,

(156)

Bruno Benziger,

Mrs. Charles F. Berger,
E.R. T. Berggren,
Isaac J. Bernheim,
Charles L. Bernheimer,
Miss Rosie Bernheimer,
Theodore Bernstein,
Philip Berolzheimer,
Edward J. Berwind,
George N. Best,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
Mrs. George Biddle,
Mrs. Sylvan Bier,
Abraham Bijur,
Nathan I. Bijur,
Samuel H. Bijur,
Ravmond Bill,

C. K. G. Billings,

Cecil Billington,

C. Edward Billquist,
Mrs. William H. Birchall,
James C. Bishop,

Mrs. Robert C. Black,
Frederick S. Blackall,
H. C. Blackiston,

Mrs. Dexter Blagden,
Mrs. Emmons Blaine,
Mrs. C. Ledyard Blair,
J. Insley Blair,

Isidore Blauner,

Mrs. Walter P. Bliss,
Mrs. M. J. Bluen,
Hugo Blumenthal,
Sidney Blumenthal
Miss R. C. Boardman,
Henry W. Boettger,
Robert Boettger,
Theodore Boettger,

William H. Bolton,

Mrs. Sydney C. Borg,
Louis Boury,

Miss Edith G. Bowdoin,
George T. Bowdoin,
George P. Bowman,
John McE. Bowman
Mrs. Jennie M. Breitenbach,
Mrs. E. N. Breitung,
Henry Kelly Brent,

Mrs. Benjamin Brewster,
George S. Brewster,
Hans V. Briesen,

John R. Brinley,

Mrs. Willard C. Brinton,
Jno. I. D. Bristol,

Miss H. Louise Britton,
Richard H. Britton,

Dr. Edward B. Bronson,
Bronx Hay & Grain Co.,
Mrs. H. D. Brookman,
Miss Aneita D. Brown,
Dickson Q. Brown,
Edwin H. Brown,
Franklin Q. Brown,

Mrs. Franklin Q. Brown,
Mrs. Harold Brown,

M. Bayard Brown,
Vernon C. Brown,

Charles E. Bryant,
Thomas B. Bryson,
Miss Emily Buch,

Miss Anna J. Buechner,
Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley.
Dr. L. Duncan Bulkley,
Dr. Edward S. Burgess,
Louis Burk,

Thomas Burkhard,

(157)

E. R. Burnett,
William J. Burns,
Algernon T. Burr,
Mrs. Wendell L. Bush,
Charles S. Butler,
Miss Emily O. Butler,
H. A. Caesar,

James P. Cahen,

E. T. Caldwell,

Prof. Otis W. Caldwell,
W.R. Callender,
Henry L. Calman,

H. H. Cammann,
Henry L. Cammann,
Mrs. Agnes D. Camp,
Mrs. John Campbell,
H. W. Cannon,

Mrs. Charles F. Cantine,
Harry Caplin,

Mrs. Lister Carlisle,
Mrs. George L. Carnegie,
Arthur L. Carns,

Mrs. Ernest T. Carter,

Miss Jennie R. Cathcart,
Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain,
O. E. Chaney,

Mrs. Winthrop Chanler,
Miss Maria Bowen Chapin,
John Jay Chapman,

Jose Edwards Chaves,
Mrs. George L. Cheney,
Miss Mary Cheney,

Paul H. Cheney,

Geo. E. Chisholm,

B. Ogden Chisolm,

Mrs. Joseph H. Choate,
Miss Mabel Choate,

Mrs. Helen L. Chubb,

Percy Chubb,
Charles T. Church,
Richard N. L. Church,

Church of our Lady of Mercy,

John Claflin.
Mrs. A. L. Clark,
Mrs. Edward H. Clark,

Miss Emily Vernon Clark,

F. Ambrose Clark,
Hon. W. A. Clark,
William Clark,

E. A. S. Clarke,

Lewis L. Clarke,
Albert Clayburgh,
Miss Frances H. Close,
William P. Clyde,

G. D. Cochran,

Miss Mary T. Cockcroft,

C. A, Coffin,

Edmund Coffin,
William Edward Coffin,
E. W. Coggeshall,

H. Z. Cohen,

William N. Cohen,
William W. Cohen,

J. L. Coker,

Mrs. Rufus Cole,
Willis Vernon Cole,
Charles B. Colebrook,
Mrs, Lathrop Colgate,
William Colgate,
Barron G. Collier,
Mrs. Richard C. Colt,
Miss Mary Compton,
Martin Conboy,

T. G. Condon,
Hermann Conheim,
Joseph Conners,

Mrs. E. C. Converse,
J. N. Conyngham,

(158)

Arthur N. Cooley,

Marin LeBrun Cooper,
Mrs. Marin LeBrun Cooper,
Miss Louise I. Corell,

C. R. Corning,

H. C. Cornwall,

J. George Costello,

Mrs. Charles Henry Coster,
Mes. Clarkson Cowl,

J. Howard Cowperthwait,
Miss Lily C. Cram,
Charles R. Crane,

George F. Crane,

Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane,
William Crawford,

Miss Mary C. Crimmins,
Mrs. Thomas Crimmins,
George A. Crocker, Jr.,
Mrs. W. H. Crocker,

W. T. Crocker,

James W. Cromwell,
Miss Mary R. Cross,

W. Redmond Cross,

W. D. Crouch,

Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman,
Mrs. E. B. Currier,

G. Warrington Curtis,

B. A. Cushman,

George E. Cutler,

R. Fulton Cutting,

Miss Eleanor De Graff Cuyler,

Jean De Saint Cyr,
Mrs. Chester Dale,
Frederic A. Dallett,
D.S. Dark,
Mrs. Ira Davenport,
DeWitt A. Davidson,
- Clarence Davies,

R. C. Davis,
Mrs. Thomas B. Davis,

Alvah Davison,

Mrs. Henry P. Davison,
Clarence S. Day,

Henry Dazien,

Henry L. de Forest,

Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
John F. Degener, Jr.,
Mrs. Carlos de Heredia,
Moreau Delano,

William Adams Delano,
William C. DeLanoy,
Countess de Laugier-Villars,
Edwin H. Denby,

John B. Dennis.

Rev. H. M. Denslow,
Walter D. Despard,
Julian F. Detmer,

Lee Deutsch,

William G. De Witt,

J. Henry Dick,

George H. Diehl,

Charles F. Dieterich,

H. O. Dill,

Miss Mary A. Dill,

Mrs. Alfred P. Dix,

Miss Gertrude Dodd,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge
Francis P. Dodge,
Edward I. Doheny,

L. W. Dommerich,

Otto L. Dommerich,
Gustave Donat,

Mrs. Ruger Donoho,
Charles Doscher,

Henry Doscher,

(159)

W. E. Dowd, Jr.,
William J. Downer,
Tracy Dows,

Mrs. B. F. Drakenfeld,
Mrs. Henry Coleman Drayton,
Miss Dorothea A. Dreier,
J. R. Drexel,

S. F. Dribben,

Isaac W. Drummond,
Mrs. Matthew B. Dubois,
F. L. Du Bosque,

Mrs. John P.Duncan,
Ralph Wurts Dundas,
Dr. Edward K. Dunham,
H. F. du Pont,

Mrs. T. Coleman du Pont,
William du Pont,

Miss Amy C. Duryee,

E, G. Duvall,

John E. Dwight,

Mrs. Winthrop Dwight,
Joseph N. Early,

Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton,
Mrs. Charles N. Edge,
Thomas C. Edmonds,
Mrs. J. S. Ehrich,

Mrs. Ernest Ehrmann,
Karl Eilers,

August Eimer,

William Einstein,

Martin Elkind,

Howard Elliott,

John S. Ellsworth,

Mrs. Walter Emmerich,
Miss Lydia F. Emmett,
Robert Temple Emmett,
Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons,

Mrs. George William Douglas, R. Erbsloh,

Mrs. James Douglas,
Walter Douglas,

Ibert J. Erdmann,
Miss Katherine V. Erving,

Henry Esberg,
Louis Ettlinger,
Miss Ellen J. Evans,
Jackson Evans,

Ss.

Mrs. Ernesto Fabbri,
Eberhard Faber,
Harris Fahnestock,
Arthur S. Fairchild,
Benjamin T. Fairchild,
Charles S. Fairchild,
Samuel W. Fairchild,
Mrs. Max Farrand,
Mes. Francis C. Farwell,
Louis Ferguson,
William C. Ferguson,
Mansfield Ferry,
Frank H. Filley,
Simon Finck,
Frederick T. Fisher,
Pliny Fisk,

Benjamin F. Fitch,
Mrs. Montague Flagg,
Harry Harkness Flagler,
Mrs. Albert Flake,
Fred T. Fleitmann,
Edward H. Floyd-Jones,
L. G. Forbes,

James B. A. Fosburgh,
Theodore Foulk,
Robert L. Fowler, Jr.,
Frederick P. Fox,

Mrs Irma J. Fox,

Mrs. M. J. Fox,

Mrs. William Fox,
David J. Frankel,

R. A. Franks,

Miss Jane hk. Fraser,
Miss S. Grace Fraser,

(160)

William A. Fraser,
Mrs. Leopold Frederick,

Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen,

Mrs. Childs Frick,

A. S. Frissell,

John W. Frothingham,
John H. Fry,

E. A. Funke,

Eugenio Galban,
Albert Gallatin,

Miss Louise Galle,
George F. Gantz,
Francis P. Garvin,
Mrs. Walter Geer,
Fred P. Geyer,

R. W. Gibson,

Prof. William J. Gies,
Mrs. William J. Gies,
R. L. Giffen,

J. Waldron Gillespie,
Robert Mc\Mf. Gillespie,
Mrs. E. D. Godfrey,
Harold Godwin,

Mrs. Mary R. Goelet,
Julius Goldman,

Dr. Alfred N. Goldsmith,
Frederick Goldsmith,
Jonah J. Goldstein,
Abraham L. Goldstone,
Philip J. Goodhart,
James C. Goodrich,
Philip L. Goodwin,
Miss Gertie E. Gorman,
Charles Gotthelf,
Charles A. Gould,
Edwin Gould,

Mrs. John Gribbel

William G. Grieb,

Hon. Anthony J. Griffin,
Charles E. Griffin,

W. V. Griffin,

Miss Margarette E. Griffith,
Miss Susan D. Griffith,

E. Mogan Grinnell,
George Bird Grinnell,
Mrs. Chester Griswold, Sr.,
George V. Gross,

William C. Gruner,

A. M. Guinzburg,
Archibald A. Gulick.
William D. Guthrie,

John Harrison Gutterson,
Miss Edith Haas,

John A. Hadden, Jr.,

Hon. Ernest Hall,
Harrison H. Hallett,
William Halls, Jr.,

Mrs. Charles W. Halsey,
William Hamann,

L. Gordon Hamersley,
Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton,
John W. Hamilton,

Mrs. William P. Hamilton,
Mrs. Harry L. Hamlin,
Lyman P. Hammond,
Walter Hampden,
Ferdinand Hansen,

Vivian Harcourt,

J. Montgomery Hare,

E. S. Harkness,

Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness,
Miss Josephine T. Harriot,
George A. Harris,

Dr. Allis F. Hascall,

J. Amory Haskell,

Dr. Louis Hauswirth,

JT. A. Havemeyer,

(161)

J. Woodward Haven,
Carroll Hayes,

Miss Irene Hayes

Miss Caroline C. Haynes,
David S. Hays,

Rowland Hazard,

Mrs. R. G. Hazard,

Mrs. W. R. Hearst,
William W. Heaton,
David Helier,

Mrs. George A. Helme,
Hancke Hencken,
Charles Henderson,

Mrs. E. C. Henderson,
Harmon W. Hendricks,
Philip W. Henry,

Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Henry S. Herman,
B. F. Hermann,

Frank J. Hermes,

W. L. Hernstadt,

Samuel A. Herzog,

H. H. Hewitt,

John Vance Hewitt,
Henry Hicks,

George Washington Hill,
Hugh Hill,

Mrs James Norman Hill,
Mrs. Robert Hill,

Miss Anne Hinchman,
Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch,
B. Hochschild,

Harold K. Hochschild,
Anton G. Hodenpy!l,
Richard M. Hoe,

Mrs. Richard March Hoe,
Mrs. Robert Hoe,

Miss Mary U. Hoffman,
Bernhard Hoffmann,

Mrs. Bernhard Hoffmann,

Mrs. Edward Holbrook,
John Swift Holbrook,
Dean Hawley Holden,
George C. Holt,

A. Holzman,

Elkan Holzman,

Mrs. Elon Huntington Hooker,

Charles H. Hoole,
Ernest Hopkinson,
Frederick B. House,

C. J. Housman,

Richard F. Howe,

M. D. Howell,

Mrs. Henry E. Howland,
John Sherman Hoyt,
Theodore Hoyt,

Miss V. S. Hoyt,

Lewis McB. Hubbard,
Walter C. Hubbard,
Mrs. Anna Huber,
Conrad Hubert,

Mrs. Marjorie V. I. Hudson,
Dr. Otto V. Huffman,
Mrs. Thomas Hunt.
Arthur M. Hunter,

Mrs. H. E. Huntington,
Mrs. R. P. Huntington,
Dr. Lee M. Hurd,

H. D. Hutchins,

Mrs. Edward F. Hutton,
Frank DeK. Huyler,
Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde,
Courtney Hyde,

Henry St. John Hyde,
A. G. Imhof,

Mrs. F. N. Inglehart,
Edwin W. Inslee,

(162)

C. Oliver Iselin,

Miss Georgine Iselin,
Lewis Iselin,

William E. Iselin,
Mrs. William E. Iselin,
Miss Flora E. Isham,
A. C. Israel,

Frederick W. Jackson,
Samuel K. Jacobs,
John S. Jacobus,

A. C. James,

Mrs. Arthur Curtis James,
Mrs. Wortham James,
E. C. Jameson,

Mrs. Robert A. Jamison,
Mrs. Alfred Jaretzki,
Alfred W. Jenkins,

O. G. Jennings,

Walter Jennings,
George S. Jephson,
Mrs. Bradish Johnson,
Gilbert H. Johnson,

J. Herbert Johnston,
Francis C. Jones,
Rodney Wilcox Jones,
Mrs. Townsend Jones,
Louis M. Josepthal,
Henry M. Kahle,

Felix E. Kahn,

Louis Kahn,

H. Kamber,

Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Frank E. Karelsen, Jr.,
Mrs. F. W. Kavenaugh,
Mrs. H. F. Ixean,

John J. Kearns,

Frank Browne Keech,

International Children’s School Henry F. Keil,

Farm League,
Adrian Iselin, Jr.,

William W. Kelchner,
Nicholas Kelley,

Prof. J. F. Kemp,

(163)

Aaron Langstadter,

Mrs. H. VanResselaer Kennedy, Mrs. John J. Lapham,

Mrs. John S. Kennedy,

Miss Martha M. Kennerly,

David Keppel,
Rudolph Keppler,

W. M. Kern,

John B. Kerr,

Mrs. Charles W. Keyes,
Emil L. Kieger,
Edward Kiem,

S. E. Kilner,

Darwin P. Kingsley,
Morris Kinney,

Dr. William B. Kirkham,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
D. Emil Klein,

Mrs. Charles P. Kling,
E. C. Klipstein,

Julius Klugman,

Dr. Arnold Knapp,
Roland F. Knoedler,
Leo Koenig,

Charles Kohlman,
Marion B. Kohlman,
Alexander Konta,
Lucius T. Koons,

Dr. Samuel J. Kopetsky,
Richard G. Krueger,

Dr. George F. Kunz,

A. H. Kursheedt,
Anthony R. Kuser,
Adolf Kuttroff,

Stanley V. La Dow,
Mrs. Samuel W. Lambert,
Mrs. J. H. Lancashire,
Francis G. Landon,
Edward V. Z. Lane,

Lewis H. Lapham,
Henry G. F. Lauten,
John Burling Lawrence,

Mrs. Vernona M. Spencer Layng

Henry Goddard Leach,

Lederle Antitoxin Laboratories,

Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Marshall C. Lefferts,
George Legg,

James M. Lehmaier,

S. M. Lehman,

Dr. L. M. Lesser,
William H. Leupp,
George Levi,

Edmund J. Levine,

B. E. Levy,

Louis 5. Levy,

Adolph Lewisohn,

Miss Alice Lewisohn,
Mrs. Allan Lexow,
Charles C. Lieb,

E. K. Lincoln.

Mrs. Frederic W. Lincoln,
Arthur H. Lippincott,
Frederick J. Lisman,
Miss Alma L. Lissberger,
Lucius N. Littauer,
Siegfried Littauer,

Mrs. John R. Livermore,
Miss Anna P. Livingston,
Mrs. Francis G. Lloyd,
Mrs. William C. Lobenstine,
Mrs. Frederick R. Lockwood,
Russell H. Loines,

Mrs. Matthew M. Looram,
Manuel Lopez,

Lord & Burnham Co.,

P. Lorillard Jr.,

(164)

Ethelbert I. Low, Henry P. McKenney,
Mrs. Seth Low, John A. McKim,

A. 5S. Lowenberg, W. A. McLaren,

Dr. Alzamon Ira Lucas, Mrs. James McLean,

E. L. Lueder, Edward F. McManus,
William M. Lybrand, William McNair,

J. M. Richardson Lyeth, B. Frank Mebane,

Miss Grace G. Lyman, Morton H. Meinhard,
James B. Mabon, Dr. Walter Mendleson,
Dr. John T. Mac Curdy, Henry H. Merriam,

C. K. MacFadden, John L. Merrill,

Clarence H. Mackay, I. J. Merritt,

Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William F. Meschenmoser,
Mrs. Charles F. MacLean, Manton B. Metcalfe,

V. Everit Macy, Herman A. Metz,

F. Robert Mager, Eugene Mever, Jr.,

J. H. Maghee, Mrs. Albert G. Milbank,
Pierre Mali, John G. Milburn,

L. William Malone, Miss Mary G. Millett,

J. G. C. Mantle, Mrs. Regina V. G. Millhiser,
Miss Delia W. Marble, Mrs. Gerrish Milliken,
John Markle, Dr. Adelaide Mills,

Mrs. John Markle, Alexander S. Mitchell,
Alfred E. Marling, Mrs. John Murray Mitchell,
Otto Maron, R. Milton Mitchill, Jr.,
Mrs. Henry Marquand, H. de La Montagne, Jr.,
Edwin S. Marston, C. D. Montague,

R. W. Martin, Carleton Montgomery,
William J. Matheson, Mrs. H. E. Montgomery,
George O. May, Robert H. Montgomery,
Harry Mayer, Barrington Moore,

Mrs. R. de L. Mayer, Clement Moore,

Dr. D. H. McAlpin, J. C. Moore,

George L. McAlpin, Miss Katherine T. Moore,
George McAneny, Mrs. Paul Moore,

George V. A. McCloskey, Victor Morawetz,

Henry Forbes McCreery, Miss Anne Morgan,

Mrs. Alfred McEwen, Miss C. L. Morgan,
Edward A. MclIllhenny, E. D. Morgan,

Tompkins McIlvaine, Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr.,

Mrs. Pierpont Morgan,
Wm. Fellowes Morgan,

Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris,

Dwight W. Morrow,
Henry C. Mott,
Mrs. John B. Mott,
Eric Muelberger,
Frank J. Muhlfeld,
Edwin H. Mulford,
Carl Muller,

John P. Munn,
Frank A. Munsey,

Miss Adeliza Morton Murphy,

G. M. P. Murphy,
Fred A. Muschenheim,
George A. Mussmann,
William S. Myers,
Rudolph W. Mylius,
Mme. Elie Nadelman,
Edward J. Nally,

Dr. I. L. Nascher,
Edmund S. Nash,

(165)

Morgan J. O’Brien,
Percy J. O’Brien,
Mrs. Adolph Obrig,
Adolph S. Ochs,
John Offerman,

Mrs. Ponsonby Ogle,
P. M. Ohmeis,

Miss Catherine Okie,
E. E. Olcott,

Miss Mary Olcott,
Elam Ward Olney,
Robert Olyphant,
Mrs. Emerson Opdycke,

Prof. Henry F. Osborn,

Mrs. William Church Osborn,

Charles K. Ovington,
Homer S. Pace,
Miss Elizabeth H. Packard,
Frederick Page Co.,
Mrs. Augustus G. Paine,

National Association, Boards of Henry Parish,

Pharmacy,
Harold Nathan,
A. G, Nesbitt,
Mrs. Russell H. Nevins,
Miss Edith Newbold,
Frederic R. Newbold,
Mrs. Acosta Nichols,
William B. Nichols,
Mrs. William G. Nichols,
William H. Nichols,
Mrs. Benjamin Nicoll,
William Nilsson,
Dr. Charles Norris,
George Notman,
Howard Notman,
Miss Dorothy Oak,

unius Parker,
Winthrop Parker,
Charles W. Parsons,
Mrs. Edgerton Parsons,
Miss Gertrude Parsons,
Mrs. J. Graham Parsons,
Miss Mary Parsons,
T. H. Hoge Patterson,
Mrs. Foster Paul,
Mrs. Horace E. Payson,
Mrs. Charles A. Peacock,
Mrs. Frederick Pearson,
Charles E. Peck,
Dr. Charles H. Peck,
William Halsey Peck,
Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham,

George Washington Ochs Oakes, Dr. James Pedersen,

Mrs. Sarah G. T. Pell,
B. Henry Pelzer,
Edmund Penfold,

Miss Hattie W. Perkins,
Mrs. F. A. C. Perrine,
Mrs. Theodore Peters,
W.R. Peters,

Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson,
Walter Peterson,

Carl Schurz Petrasch,
Curt G. Pfeiffer,

Arthur Pforzheimer,
Carl H. Pforzheimer,
Walter Pforzheimer,
Michael F. Phelan,
Henry Phipps,

Lloyd Phoenix,
Gottfried Piel,

Henry Clay Pierce,
Winslow S. Pierce,

Mrs. R. Stuyvesant Pierrepont,

J. Fred Pierson,

Mrs. Frank H. Platt,
Edward Plaut,

Alfred F. Poggenburg,
Miss R. A. Polhemus,
Miss Florence L. Pond,
Charles Lane Poor,

E. W. Poor,

Mrs. James Harper Poor,
James E. Pope,
Alexander J. Porter,
Mrs. Henry Kirke Porter,
Abram S. Post,

Miss Blanche Potter,
Mrs. Frank H. Potter,
Frederick Potter,

Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Herbert Lee Pratt,
John Pratt,

(166)

John T. Pratt,
Samuel Pratt,

Mrs. L. B. Preston,
Edgar S. Pretzfeld,
Miss Cornelia Prime,
Julius Prince,

R. L. Pritchard,

Mrs. Kate Davis Pulitzer,
H. St. Clair Putman,
Miss Eva C. Putney,
Robert Pyle,

Percy R. Pyne,
Charles F. Quincy,

I. A. Rabinow,
Samuel Raisler,
Stanley Ranger,

G. B. Raymond,

H. E. Raymond,
George W. Raynes,
Mrs. Henry R. Rea,
Mrs. William A. Read,
Robert C. Ream,
Miss Emily Redmond,
Henry H. Reed,

John Reid,

William Rennult,
Samuel W. Reyburn,
Mrs. E. S. Reynal,
Mrs. H. Newell Reynolds,
Thomas A. Reynolds,
Miss Elvine Richard,
Oscar L. Richard,
Eben Richards,

Ellis G. Richards,

E. O. Richards,

Mrs. Robert Ridgway,
William J. Riker,

Dr. A. I. Ringer,

Dr. William C. Rives,
Miss Emeline Roach,

(167)

Mrs. Charles H. Roberts,
Miss G. Van B. Roberts,
Irving Bruce Roberts,
Miss Jennette Robertson,
Louis J. Robertson,

A. G. Robinson,

Andrew J. Robinson,

Philip C. Samuels,

H. Sanhagen,

F, A. Sarg,

Miss G. W. Sargent,

Herbert L. Satterlee,

Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,
Mrs. Theodore Sattler,

Mrs. Edward Robinson, Mrs. Thomas E. Satterthwaite,
Mrs. Monroe D. Robinson, Oliver H. Sawyer,

Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Hermann Schaaf,

Percy A. Rockefeller,
Nash Rockwood,

Albert J. Roe,

John Roger,

G. Vernor Rogers,
Hubert E. Rogers,

A. J. Rolle,

W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Hon. Elihu Root,

Miss Rosalie Rosenberg,
Henry C. Ross,

Jacob Rossbach,

Peter W. Rouss,

W. A. Rowan,

C. H. Ruddock,

Louis Ruhl,

Justus Ruperti,

Jacob Ruppert,
Frederick K. Rupprecht,
Miss M. L. Russell,
John Barry Ryan,
Arthur Ryle,

Miss Julia Ryle,

Harry Sachs,

Samuel Sachs,

Clarence Sackett,

Mrs. Walter J. Salmon,
Charles E. Sampson,
Mitchell Samuels,

Frederick Miiller Schall,
Jacob Schapiro,

John Scheepers,

Anton Schefer,

Mrs. H. M. Schieffelin,
Dr. William J. Schieffelin,
Charles A. Schieren,
Gustave H. Schiff,

Miss Jane E. Schmelzel,
Alfred J. E. Schmidt,

D. Schnakenberg,

B. Schnee,

Harry Schneider,
Henrich Schniewind, Jr.,
Carl Schoen,

W. D. Scholle,

Mrs. Anthony Schulte,
Richard Schuster,

B. Schutz,

Mrs. C. Albert Schwab,
C. M. Schwab,

Miss Emily Schwab,
Frederick Schwed,

Miss Marion Scofield,
Walter Scott,

Miss Grace Scoville,
Herbert Scoville,

Robert Scoville,

Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner,
Edward M. Scudder,

Mrs. Joseph H. Seaman,
Alonzo B. See,

Prof. Edwin R. A. Seligman,

Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman,
Jefferson Seligman,

E. W. Sells

Mrs. Charles H. Senff,
Frederick W. Senff,
Alfred Seton,

John S. Seymour,

Frank G. Shattuck,

Mrs. William F. Sheehan,
Dr. William H. Sheldon,
Finley J. Shepard,

Mrs. Charles E. Sheppard,
David Shiman,

S. W. Shipwav,

George W. Short,

Frank R. Shull,

Hiram W, Sibley,

Mrs. J. Siegel,

Samuel M. Siegman,
Benjamin F. Simmons,

Franklin Simon,
Robert E. Simon,
Theodore E. Simon,
Mrs. Roswell Skeel, Jr.,
Francis Louis Slade,
Ralph E. Slaven,
Benson B. Sloan,
Samuel Sloan,
Thomas W. Slocum,
Thomas Smidt,
Daniel Smiley,
Charles R. Smith,

Mrs. Charles Stewart Smith,

E. C. Smith,

(168)

Miss Fanny A. Smith,
James B. Smith,

Dr. Nelson Smith,
Pierre J. Smith,

Mrs. R. Penn Smith Jr.,
Mrs. Christopher D. Smithers,
B. E. Smythe,

Frederick Snare,

E. G. Snow,

Frederic A. Soldwedel,
Phineas Sondheim,

B. Souto,

William M. Spackman,
Mrs. Edward W. Sparrow,
Mrs. Gino C. Speranza,
Mrs. B. G. Spiegelberg,
Dr. Edward H. Squibb,
A. T. Stanley,

Mrs. Mary P. Eno Steffanson,
Mrs. J. Rich Steers,
Fred T. Steinway,
William R. Steinway,
Olin J. Stephens,
Roderick Stephens,
Benjamin Stern,

Sereno Stetson,

Edward R. Stettinius,
Mrs. Byam K. Stevens,
Frederic W. Stevens,
Lispenard Stewart,
Chauncey Stillman,
Miss Clara F. Stillman,
C. C. Stillman,

Alfred W. Stone,

Mrs. Charles H. Stout,
Mrs. Willard Straight,
Mrs. C. I. Stralem,

H. Grant Straus,

Mrs. Nathan Straus, Jr.,
Roger W. Straus,

Albert Strauss,
Frederick Strauss,
Martin Strauss,

Samuel Strauss,

Mrs. William Strauss,
William H. Strawn,

Dr. George T. Strodl,
Mrs. Gustaf Stromberg,
Benjamin Strong, Jr.,
John R. Strong,

Nat. C. Strong,
Richard A. Strong,
Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Joseph Stroock,

Louis S. Stroock,
Duncan Struthers,
Frank K. Sturgis,

Mrs. James Sullivan,
Frank M. Swacker,
Harry Swan,

Mrs. J. Andrew Swan,
Maurice Switzer,

Miss Mary Taber,
Henry W. Taft,

E. T. H. Talmage,
Charles G. Taylor,
Henry R. Taylor,

Dr. Richard A. Taylor,
W. A. Taylor,

H. L. Terrell,

Charles T. Terry,

Mrs. John T. Terry,
H. B. Thayer,

E. Thiele,

Mrs. Hector W. Thomas,
Mrs. Howard L. Thomas,
Percival Thomas,
Loren Ogden Thompson,
L. S. Thompson,
William B. Thompson,

(169)

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,
Miss Evelyn May Thomson,
Samuel Thorne, Jr.,

Louis C. Tiffany,

Henry N. Tifft,

Dr. Walter Timme,

James Timpson,

Mrs. Norman E. Titus,
Rev. E. P. Tivnan, S. J.,
Mrs. Margaret T. Tjader,

J. Kennedy Tod,

Edward R. Tolfree,

Nesib Trabulsi,

W. C. Tragesor,

Mrs. Heaton Ives Treadway,

John Trounstine,

E. Kellogg Trowbridge,
Carll Tucker,

Dr. Alfred Tuckerman,
Paul Tuckerman,

Dr. Joseph Tunik,
Edward Turnbull,

Mrs. Harold M. Turner,
George E. Turnure,

Mrs. Mary A. Tuttle,
Mrs. Alice B. Tweedy,

E. S. Twining,

Lucien H. Tyng,

August Uhl,

Oswald W. Uhl,

Mrs. Walter M. Underhill,
Mrs. Henry C. Valentine,
James J. Van Alen,

Mrs. Frederick T. Van Beuren,
Augustus Van Cortlandt,
Barend Van Gerbig,

John B. Van Haelen,

Mrs. Stephen G. Van Hoesen,

E. H. Van Ingen,

Gilbert Van Ingen,

Mrs. Harriet Van Ingen,

Dr. Philip Van Ingen,

Mrs. Warner M. Van Norden,
Mrs. E. Van Raalte,

Mrs. Wilbur Linwood Varian,
Mrs. James M. Varnum,
Mrs. A. C. Veatch,

Thomas F. Vietor,

Alfonso P. Villa,

G. B. Vitelli,

Ludwig Vogelstein,

Mrs. Owen M. Voight,

Dr. S. Wachsmann,
Montgomery Waddell,

Mrs. W. Austin Wadsworth,
Mrs. J. Howard Wainwright,
Justus I. Wakelee,

Dr. Alfred Walker,

Mrs. Joseph Walker, Jr.,
William I. Walker,

Mrs. W. K. Wallbridge,

Leo Wallerstein,

Dr. Max Wallerstein,

Mrs. James W. Walsh,
William I. Walter,

Artemus Ward,

C. Blaine Warner,

Mrs. Charles Howard Warren,
Mrs. John I. Waterbury,

C. W. Watson,

Mrs. J. E. Watson,

Mrs. E. H. Weatherbee,
Mrs. V. Webb,

Mrs. W. Seward Webb,

Miss Alice D. Weekes,

R. L. Wegel,

Dr. Eugene Wehmeyer,
George A. Weigel,

Charles H. Weigle,

Mrs. Samuel W. Weiss,
Mrs. John Wells,

Oliver J. Wells,

Wiliam Y. Wemple,
Arthur L. Wessell,

Dr. William West,

Miss Edith Wetmore,
Mrs. George C. Wheeler,
Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock,
Miss Caroline White,
Mrs. E. Lawrence White,
Harold T. White,

Mrs. William T. White,
Alfred A. Whitman,
Clarence Whitman,
Howard Whittemore,

F. B. Wiborg,

Miss F. E. Wickham,
Mrs. D. O. Wickham,
William G. Willcox,

Mrs. Fred Willenbrock,
Elmore A. Willets,

Ars. Percy H. Williams,
Richard H. Williams,
William H. Williams,

W. P. Willis,

James R. Williston,
Frank D. Wilsey,

Prof. Edmund B. Wilson,
Dr. Margaret B. Wilson,
M. Orme Wilson,
Charles A. Wimpfheimer,
Harold Wingate,
Bronson Winthrop,
Grenville L. Winthrop,
Mrs. Robt. Winthrop,
John C. Wister,

Ars. Frank S. Witherbee,
Joseph Wittman,

(171)

Dr. William H. Woglom,
Fred R. Wolff,

Lewis S. Wolff,

M. Wolff,

Mrs. T. Wolfson,

Mrs. William H. Woodin,
Prof. R. S. Woodward,
Miss Julia Wray,

Mrs. J. Hood Wright,
Dr. Peter B. Wyckoff,

MEMBERS OF THE

Mrs. George A. Armour,
Mrs. Robert Bacon,
Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. N. L. Britton,
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Robert C. Hill,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Bradish Johnson,
Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
Mrs. A. A. Low,

Mrs. V. Everit Macy,

HonNoRARY MEMBERS OF

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman,
Mrs. John I. Kane,
Mrs. Jarmes A. Scrymser,

Dr. George A. Wyeth,
Mrs. A. Murray Young,
George A. Zabriskie,
Henry C. Zaro,

Mrs. Anna M. von Zedlitz,
Charles H. Zehnder,
August Zinsser,

Charles Zoller,

Henry Zuckerman.

Women’s AUXILIARY

Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. William A. Read,
Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Mrs. Edw. T. H. Talmage,
Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
Mrs. W. Gilman Thompson,
Mrs. George Cabot Ward.

THE WoMEN’s AUXILIARY

Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. F. Thompson.

(172)

REPORT OF THE TREASURER
NEW York, January 8, 1923
To THE BOARD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW YorK BOTANI-
CAL GARDEN.
Genilemen: I transmit herewith the Treasurer’s Report
from January I to December 31, 1922, showing a state-
ment of the receipts and disbursements, and Ba’‘ance
Sheet from sy Ledger as of December 31, 1922.
Respectfully submitted,
Joun L. MERRILL,

Treasurer,
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
Receipts

Balance, January 1, 1922...................... $45,474.25
Income from General Investments............. 23,681.25
Income from Investment Sage Fund............ 34,655.54
Contributions from New York City............. 178,214.29
Income from Special Funds

David Lydig Fund.............. 2,344.10

Stokes Fund................... 42.70 2,386.80
Contributions

Plant Fund.................... $ 615.00

Special Development Fund...... 8,220.00

Sustaining Members............ 425.00

Annual Dues................... 11,815.00

Fellowship Members’ Dues...... 200.00

Subscriptions to Addisonia....... 2,438.19

Students’ Research Fund........ 128.00

Life Membership Fees........... 750.00

Museum and Herbarium......... 110.00

Special Book Fund.............. 6.75

Exploration Fund............... 1,358.00 26,065.94
Refunds

Miscellaneous Sales........0..00.0.20.00..00... $403.44

Interest on Deposits.......................... 1,417.16

(173)

Investments
Sage Fund, received from the
Sage Estate
Sales of securities for purposes of
reinvestment in higher grade

Margaret Olivia Sage Fund, second
distribution to residuary leg-
atees

Value of securities............ $108,577.26
Accured interest (prin.)........ 917.56
ANOS Acar ten ya re re 3,232.47
GE) renee eee ree ere ere 7,272.71
Disbursements
Paid through Director-in-Chief
Account of City oe ae $178,214.29
Special Book Fund 24.2
Vouchers Paid.. 21,588.56
Special Devlonmene F Gade 10,348.16
Museum and Herbarium......... 121.35
Plant Fund.................... 418.85
Louisa Combe Bequest.......... 160.00
Exploration Fund. . 1,349.92
Account Income of rere Fund, 349.62
Account Income of Addison Brown
UNG ae ere a a ees 2,999.97

Account Income of Students

Research Fund............... 135.00
Account Income of Lydig Fund. 3,122.68
Account Income of Sage Fund.. 32,338.17
Account Income of Science aad

Education Fund.............. 2,494.49
Account Income of Iden Fund... .. 190.00
Account Income of Jesup Fund... 1,212.55
Account Income of Mills Fund... 2,543.23
Account Income of Stokes Fund. 156.12
Account Income of Bridgham Fund 1,045.92
Account Income of Sands Fund... 152.00

$128,674.58

150,000.00

$590,973.25

(174)

Account Income of Robinson Fund 75.00
Account Income of Stetson Fund.. 143.98
Income General Investments
Adjustments of Interest of pur-
chase and sale of securities...... 152.70
Annual payment to Mrs. Staples,
in accordance with agreement 1,000.00
Part commission to New York
Trust Company for collecting
She (oi) 02 (-car eee eee ee eee 57-33
Income Investments Sage Fund
Accrued Interest paid upon pur-
chase of securities. $3,219.34
Commission to New Tone Tis
Company for collecting income. 57-33

General Investments

Purchase of $25,000 Provident Loan
Society Certificates at par.................
Margaret Olivia Sage Fund
Taxes charged against legacy
Investment Sage Fun
alue of Sua recetved from

SageE tribution) 108,377.26
Investments, purchase of securi-
HeSi ok set pea aes i ete 169,844.25
Balance
New York Trust Co..............

J.P. Morgan& Co.......0.......

$259,184.06

1,210.03

3,276.67

25,000.00

20,648.51

Ledger Balances, December 31, 1922

Permanent Funds Debit

$590,973.25

Credit
$270,010.00
83,461.90
34:337-86
10,000.00

Francis L. Stetson Fund..................00-
Darius O. Mills Fund....................05.
Charles P. Daly Trust Fund
Henry Iden Fund.....................0000.
Addison Brown Fund

Charles Budd Robinson Memorial Fund
Students Research Fund
Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund. pebae sete ees
Margaret Olivia Sage Fund..................
Fanny Bridgham Fund.......

General Investments

As per Schedule A............... F521,488.86
Investment Sage Fund

As per Schedule B.............. 605,514.18
Profit and Loss on Sales General Investments .....
Profit and Loss on Sales Sage Fund..............
Temporary Funds

Emma C. Jones oo
sae Book Fund..

Exploration Fund...........0.0. 00.002 eens
Museum & Herbarium Fund

General Income...........0.00.05. $23,837.75

Income Accounts
Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund..........
Income of David Lydig Fund.... 3,231.21
Income of Darius O. Mills Fund . 437.98
Income of Stokes Fund................00000.
Income of Students Research Fund............
Income of Science & Education Fund..........
Income of John Innes Kane Fund.............
Income of Henry Iden Fund..... 461.41
Income of Addison Brown Fund

$25,000.00
50,000.00
19,636.34
10,000.00
21,850.00
10,000.00
3,000.00
795-94
4,488.00
25,000.00
596,280.13

. 30,000.00

1,618.03
25399.32

1,000.00
25.14
1,277.31
468.82
28.04
37-27

379.86

317.75
883.19
1,251.23
565-73

317.96

Income of William R. Sands Fund

Income of Margaret Olivia Sage

Income of Fanny Bridgham Fund.............
Income of Francis Lynde Stetson Fund........

Director-in-Chief, working Fund.....

Cash Balance, December 31, 1922....

Income of Charles B. Robinson Memorial Fund

30,000.00

20,648.51

$1,228,563.08 $1,228,563.08

GENERAL INVESTMENTS
Schedule A.

$50,000 Ches. & Ohio Ry. 434’s
$50,000 Southern Ry. 5’s
$50,000 Eries Ry. 4’s
$59,000 Erie Ry. 4’s
$24,000 U.S. Govt. and Taber Loan Bonds 414’s
$50,000 Reading Ry. 4’s
$10,000 New York City 4’s
$50,000 Penn. Ry. 4%4’s

$10,000 Balto. & Ohio
$11,000 Milw. Sparta & N. W. Ry. 4’s
$37,000 Nor. Pac. Ry. 4’s
$10,000 Third Liberty Loan
$35,000 Great Nor. Ry. 7’s
ae ooo Provident Loan ee Ctfs

$10,000 Niagara Falls Power Co..

$ 5,000 Nash. Chat. & St. Louis Ry Eaup: 6's ee

$ 5,000 Cin. N. O. & Texas Ry. Equip. 6’s

$10,000 New York Cent. Ry................065
RS Seat ora

$47,875.00
54,604.17
46,145.84

33:775-00
50,000.00
990.00
8,718.75
9,550.00
5,069.85
5,086.02

$521,488.86

(177)

INVESTMENTS OF SAGE FUND

Schedule B.

Stocks
52 Shares Bankers Trust Co.................-.
250 Shares U.S. Steel Pfd.....................
10 Shares Importers & Traders National Bank....
480 Shares American Telephone & Telegraph Co..
200 Shares Atch. Top. & St. Fe Pfd.............
100 Shares Mo. Kan. & Tex. Ry. Pfd. 7 es asses’t.)
100 Shares American Tel. & Cable Co...........
100 Shares Union Pacific Ry. a. este nue eee saree

Bonds
$10,000 Oregon, Wash. R. R. & Nav............
$19,000 N. Y. Telephone 1st. Gen...............
$ 6,000 Balto. & Ohio P. L. . ee eee

$15,000 Chic. & No. Western Ry. Eq. 6’s........
$15,000 Southern Ry.................000 0000s
$15,000 Illinois Central Eq. 6’s.................
$15,000 Atlantic Coast Line Cons. alee eee
$15,000 Union Pacific Ist & L. G.. ee:
$15,000 Chic. Burl. & Quincy Can Mt tge..
$15,000 Norf. & Western Ry. 1st Cons. Mtge...
$15,000 N. Y. Central Ry. Cons. Mtge. 4’s......
$10,000 Pac. Gas & Electric Co...........-...

$10,000 N. Y. Telephone Ref. Mige.. pares
$ 1,000 Gen. Electric Gold Deb............. Lae
$ 4,000 Gen. Electric Gold Deb................
$ 9,000 Amer. Smelt. & Ref. st Mtge...........
$ 1,000 Amer Smelt. & Ref. 1st Mtge...........
¢~ 5,000 General Electric Co.................02..

$19,500.00
27:359-37
5,600.00
45;775.00
14,525.00
3,208.00
5:075.00
6,237.50

6,500.00
14,155.00

4,860.00

4,830.00
15,193.50
10,163.02
15,228.49
11,962.50
15,211.49
12,112.50
12,637.50
12,112.50
12,037.50
11,212.50

8,925.00
10,128.08
10,151.50
10,151.50
10,162.24
10,181.97

(178)

$20,000 Louisville & Nash. Ry. Eq. 6’s.......... $20,302.63
$20,000 Atlantic Coast Line Eq. 6’s............. 20,363.64
$50,000 Provident Loan Soc. Ctfs............... - §0,000.00
$35,000 Norfolk & Western 4’s............2.4.. 30,931.25
$11,000 New York Central 4’s.................. 9,253.75
$13,000 Northern Pacific 4’s.............02.05. 11,293.75
$15,000 Chic. Burl. & Quincy 4’s............... 13,481.25
$30,00c Commercial Cable Co. 48............. 22,500.00
$ 5,000 Liggett & Myers 5’s...............-... 4,938.75
$15,000 P. Lorillard 7’s..............0.2000 20 ee 17,437-50
$10,000 New Brunswick Southern Ist 3’s........ 8,100.00
$ 2,000 Minn. St. Paul & Sault St. M. Ist. 4’s..... 1,735.00
$ 5,000 Rochester Ry. & Light 5’s............... 4,475.00
$ 4,000 Balt. & Ohio Wn. Div. Ist 3144’s......... 3,490.00
$ 6,000 Buffalo Gen’I. Electric Ist 5’s........... 5,640.00
$ 4,000 N. Y. Central Ry. 4’s.............0.005. 3,165.00
$ 4,000 Chic. Rock Is. & Pac. Ry. 4’s........... 3,070.00
% 2,000 Pennsylvania Ry. Co. Gen. 414’s........ 1,742.50

$605,514.18

(179)
TREASURER’S ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1922

New York, April 4, 1923
Mr. Ropert W. DEFOREST
Chairman, Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have, by direction of the Board of
Managers, examined the books and accounts of the Treasurer
of the New York Botanical Garden, for the year nineteen hun-
dred and twenty-two (1922), together with their proper vouchers,
and that I find the balance sheet and the Treasurer’s statement
of receipts and disbursements attached hereto to be correct.

The various investment securities have also been verified and
accounted for, and I certify that the statement of the same
reported in the balance sheet of December 31, 1922, is correct.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. STONE,
Special Auditor.

VOL. 12 No. 44

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

ISSUED MAY 28, 1924

CONTENTS

REPoRT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR THE

PY MAR PO 20) tone) oOo ven nla setae era ot Seen aes een a 181
Report ae ae Head Curator of the Museums and
Herbarium ............ eee cee eee ees 194
Report of the Supervisor of Public Instruction ...... 199
Report of the Head Gardener ..................55 201
Report of the Director of the Laboratories ......... 206
Report of the Bibliographer ................+..-.-. 209
Report of the Librarian ........... 0.0.00: cece eee 210
Report of the Superintendent of Buildings and
Grounds: 2i4ethnssedadies Moke w nek eee aks 212
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections. 2icccecethbhodered ba edhe wet ates 217
Report of the Paleobotanist ...............000cueee 218
Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses ......... 220
ae Ae the Honorary Custodian of the loeal Her-

DaQUM 5.55/ct oe beciiene hata eeates cade sevens 221
ScHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE YEAR 1923...... 223
REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS FOR

THE YAR: 1923) 23 Sede ee it bien tate Aedeeswta aie. 227
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON Patrons, FELLOWS, AND

MeMBERS FOR THE YHAR 19283..............0000. 0005 229
REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1923............ 250

BULLETIN

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 12 No. 44

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-
IN-CHIEF FOR THE YEAR 1923

(Accepted and ordered printed January 14, 1924)

To THE BoARD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Bortant-

CAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit my report for the
year ending January 14, 1924.

The most noteworthy incident of the year was our pur-
chase from the Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva,
Switzerland, of the most important collection of books on
botany and horticulture which has ever passed from the
Old World to the New. These books were in duplicate
at the library of the Geneva garden, and were offered for
sale en bloc for 72,000 Swiss francs, about $13,000; the
number of bound volumes is about 5,000, of pamphlets
and unbound volumes as many or more. The books were
received in August in 93 packing cases weighing in all over
12 tons. Dr. Barnhart and Miss Harlow have made con-
siderable progress in classifying and shelving them, re-
quiring much time and work. Additional steel library
shelving was required and obtained, and more has been
ordered. The purchase was made possible by subscrip-
tions of members of the Garden to the fund for scientific
and educational purposes.

The Rose Garden, with over 4,500 plants, representing
about 240 varieties, has, under the supervision of Mr.
Kenneth R. Boynton, Head Gardener, enjoyed its most
effective year. Special attention has been given to vari-

(181)
13

(182)

eties with a second or a long-extended period of flower-
ing, so that amateur rose growers visiting the Garden are
given practical demonstrations of the fact that June is
not of necessity the only ‘“‘month of roses.’’ We are in-
debted to Messrs. Bobbink and Atkins for the gift of
several hundred rose bushes, including 200 plants of 100
climbing varieties which were planted in the late autumn.
For the support of these climbing varieties red-cedar posts
and pillars have been set. The addition of these varieties
with their masses of bloom in June and July is destined to
double the effectiveness and general popularity of the
Rose Collection. A series of single wild roses has also been
planted near the rambling roses at the southern end of the
Rose Garden.

One of the most notable developments of the year has
been that of the Rock Garden under the devoted super-
vision of Dr. Edmund Bronk Southwick. The Rock
Garden is located to the south of the Herbaceous Grounds
and to the northwest of the Iris Garden. A ridge of
glaciated rock constitutes its axis and foundation. On the
slopes and around the base of this ledge hundreds of boul-
ders have been set and about them the kinds of soil best
suited to various kinds of alpine and rock-loving plants
have been introduced. Nearly 1,000 species of European,
Asiatic, and American rock and alpine plants have already
been established, including the Swiss edelweiss and numer-
ous kinds of stonecrop, houseleek, saxifrage, rock cress,
columbine, hepatica, sandwort, mountain pink, lobelia,
alpine thistle, wild thyme, aubrietia, violet, and many
others. The Rock Garden includes some of the earliest-
flowering as well as some of the latest-flowering of our
hardy plants, and is destined to become one of the most
popular and instructive of our plantations.

The collection of dahlias, including 853 plants repre-
senting about 450 of the choicest modern varieties, under
the direction of Dr. Marshall .\. Howe, continued to offer
one of the most popular floral displays in the Garden.

(183)

The dahlia border is visited not only by the general public
of New York and vicinity, but also by amateur growers and
experts from various parts of the country. It is doing
much to educate the public as to the decorative possibilities
of the modern developments of this popular flower.

By favor of the Dutch Bulb Growers’ Association,
80,500 tulip bulbs of 154 varieties were planted in the
autumn and these are expected to make great floral dis-
plays in the spring, in the Horticultural Grounds, where
43,000 Darwin tulips have been set, and in the court of con-
servatory range No. 1, where some 37,000 of the earlier-
flowering types were planted.

Other special horticultural collections have been in-
creased both in the number of varieties of plants grown
and in the effectiveness of display. The Iris Collection,
formed in codperation with the American Iris Society,
has been brought to include over 1,200 named kinds;
about 90 kinds of Paeonies, 70 kinds of hardy Chrysan-
themums and 60 of tender Chrysanthemums, mostly
given by Elmer D. Smith and Company, have been shown
and the Lilac Collection has been increased to 185 varieties.
Over 6,000 Narcissus bulbs were planted in the southern
part of the Horticultural Grounds.

Study of the wild plants of the vicinity of New York
has been stimulated by attention given by Dr. Denslow and
by Mrs. Mitchell to the rearrangement and increase of the
Local Herbarium in coéperation with members of the
Torrey Botanical Club. The importance of the preser-
vation of native plants has been emphasized by Mrs.
Britton’s work in codperation with the Wild Flower Preser-
vation Society of America, aided by the increase of the
Stokes Fund for the Preservation of Native Plants. An
article in the November number of the Journal by Dr.
George F. Norton on “‘How to Have Fringed Gentians,”’
with an offer to furnish seed free of charge, together with a
similar offer by Dr. Stout, in the New York Evening Post,
has resulted in nearly a hundred applications for seed,

(184)

which will doubtless do something to restore the former
abundance of this highly prized and locally vanishing flower.

Our investigation of the plants of the Cactus Family,
prosecuted during the past ten years in cooperation with
the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Smith-
sonian Institution, was completed by the publication of
the fourth volume of the monograph of Cactaceae. This
work, written by N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose, and pub-
lished in quarto by the Carnegie Institution, elegantly
printed and illustrated, is the most complete treatise on
these plants and the most noteworthy monograph of an
order of plants as yet produced in America. It was made
possible by the facilities of our greenhouses, museums,
herbarium, and library and by the artistic ability of Miss
Mary E. Eaton of our staff.

The botanical study of Florida, continued by Dr. Small
with the highly valued cooperation of Mr. Charles Deering,
has added much to the knowledge of vegetation of the
southeastern United States, and has enriched our collections
of plants and of specimens. The more accurate knowledge
of the southern species of Iris is one of Dr. Small’s more
recent contributions to botany and horticulture.

The investigation of the vegetation and plant products of
northern South America, prosecuted for several years in
cooperation with the United States National \Iuseum and
the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University is yielding
results of high scientific value and adding greatly to the
reference strength of our collections. Important additions
were made during the year by many specimens obtained in
Venezucla by Mr. W. E. Broadway and by Mr. H. Pittier,
and in Ecuador by Mr. A. S. Hitchcock. Highly valued
cooperation of Captain Arthur W. Hill, Director of the
Royal Gardens at Kew, England, provided opportunity for
us to secure nearly 3,000 specimens collected some years
ago by E. André in Colombia and Ecuador, and through
an important exchange arranged with Professor H. Le-
compte, Director of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, many

(185)

specimens from French Guiana were obtained. Dr.
Gleason has been referred to curatorial work on these col-
lections, including the many thousand specimens pre-
viously obtained and recorded in previous reports.

Dr. Rusby has given much time to the classification of
the large Bolivian collection made by him in 1921-22 while
directing the Mulford Exploring Expedition. These speci-
mens, together with the several collections previously ob-
tained from that country by Dr. Rusby and others, make
our representation of Bolivian plants and their products the
most complete in existence.

The first and second parts have appeared of the ‘‘ Botany
of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands,” written by N. L.
Britton and Percy Wilson and published by the New York
Academy of Sciences. This work, based mainly upon the
large collections obtained for our greenhouses, herbarium,
and museum through exploring expeditions to the West
Indies during the past twenty years, contributes English
descriptions, for the first time, of the plants, both wild and
cultivated, inhabiting the Caribbean islands of the United
States.

Continued investigation of reef-building seaweeds, both
living and fossil, by Dr. Howe, have supplemented his
highly important earlier scientific contributions to this sub-
ject, and have added many valuable specimens to our
collection of these organisms, which is now the most ex-
tensive in America.

Studies by Dr. Hollick of the fossil plants obtained during
our exploration work in the West Indies, including collec-
tions from Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, and Trinidad,
give us our first considerable knowledge of the ancestors of
existing West Indian vegetation, an important contribution
to knowledge, written for publication in our Bulletin.

During the first half year, Dr. A. B. Stout, Director of the
Laboratories, was in southern California on a leave of
absence, with the consent and approval of the Board of
Managers. While there, he gave occasional lectures at

(186)

Pomona College and conducted investigations on sterility
and fertility in relation to several of the important fruit-
crops. The results of his studies of numerous varieties of
avocado (‘‘alligator pear’’) in regard to the periodicity of
the opening and sexual maturity of their flowers were
especially remarkable. Dr. Stout’s researches showed
clearly just which varieties should be planted together to
secure pollinations and the consequent setting of fruit.
These practical results mean hundreds of thousands of
dollars to the avocado-growers of California and of the
world at large. Dr. Stout’s work in extending our knowl-
edge of the habits of plants and in applying this knowledge
to the practical problems of human existence is a notable
example of the way in which the influence and activities
of the Garden staff transcend the narrower limits of the
Garden itself.

The continued interest and liberality of Mrs. Mortimer
J. Fox has enabled Dr. Stout to continue experimental
investigation of the genus Lilium, with large additions to
the collection of hardy species, over 5,000 bulbs having
been planted during the year.

Dr. P. A. Rydberg has continued his systematic studies
of plants of the Rose and Pea families. The publication of
a second edition of his Flora of the Rocky Mountains and
Adjacent Plains, a volume of 1144 pages, in the early part
of the year is an indication of the increasing demand for
this valuable work.

Dr, Fred J. Seaver, in addition to his work as curator of
the fungi, has given considerable attention to the study of
the fungus flora of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands and is
preparing a systematic treatment of this group of plants
for the Botany of these islands, to the publication of the
first parts of which reference has already been made. He
has also, nearly ready for the press, an illustrated descrip-
tive work on the operculate cup fungi of North America,
which will be an important contribution to our knowledge
of these plants as well as an effective stimulus to their
further study.

(187)

An investigation of the Hemlock Grove is in progress, in
charge of a committee consisting of Mr. Moore, Professor
Richards, Dr. Gleason, and Dr. Stout, in codperation with
the Yale Forest School, the New York State College of
Forestry at Syracuse, and the Department of Forestry of
Cornell University. The work thus far has consisted
chiefly of the collection of data as to evaporation, solar
radiation, precipitation, and maximum and minimum
temperatures of the air and of the soil at six and eighteen
inches depth. These observations will be compared with
similar data obtained in stands of hemlock at New Haven,
Ithaca, and at Cranberry Lake, in the Adirondacks.

Under direction by Dr. Murrill, our system of public
instruction and information has been continued and ex-
panded, aided by the income of the Darius Ogden Mills
Fund. More public lectures have been delivered than in
any previous year, through the aid of income from the
Francis Lynde Stetson Fund, and there has been an
increased demand for docentry service. Greater publicity
has been given to the work of the institution through news-
paper notices of special features and abstracts of lectures.
All members of the staff have participated in this educa-
tional work, and in giving information by letters to hun-
dreds of correspondents. Weekly radio talks on gardening
topics, by staff members, with special reference to our plant
collections, were broadcast through station WEAF, of the
American Telephone and Telegraph Company, from April
to September.

New construction work, directed by Mr. Corbett and by
Mr. Finley, made possible by the use of part of the income
of the Sage Fund, has been continued in the southern part of
the reservation, including extension of the path-system,
grading and the construction of about 600 feet of boundary
wall and fence along Pelham Avenue, and of about 500
feet of the foundation for more of this wall and fence.
Some preliminary work has been accomplished in develop-
ing the valley in the southeastern part of the grounds, for-

(188)

merly occupied by the long lake, into an extensive Rhodo-
dendron glade.

The Park Department has kept the Garden driveways
in repair, as authorized by our charter, and has also com-
pleted the new road running northeasterly from the Rose
Garden which has been under construction for several years.
We are grateful to Commissioner Hennessy for valued
advice and cooperation in matters of maintenance and
construction. A liberal city appropriation for repairs and
replacements was included, at his suggestion, in our budget
estimates for 1924, and granted by the Board of Estimate
and Apportionment.

The serial publications of the Garden have been con-
tinued, including our Bulletin, No. 43; twelve numbers of
our monthly Journal; four numbers of Mycologia; three
parts of Addisonia, completing the eighth volume; two
parts of North American Flora and fourteen numbers of
Contributions. The publications were aided by the in-
come of the David Lydig Fund and of the Addison Brown
Fund.

Our educational and scientific work and the increase of
our collections of plants, books, and specimens, were largely
accomplished during the year by contributions of money
from 144 members and friends of the Garden, aggregating
$16,935.03, as follows:

Dr. Robert Abbe......... 0.0.0. c cee eee $ 25.00
Mirab rit2 ACh elise 5.45. ¢c00bacheauna a abt d adem Gna 100.00
Mr. Edward D. Adams....................00. 500.00
Mrs. O. P. Amend... 1... 0. . cece eee 25.00
pee See ater tobe ies, basin Bar ek eh een 150.00

OUYMOUS: a. 3 foo ale bed sw ncelepy ees 150.00
Mrs. Cee PTC NE LS sevice ee ated eee ee Reels 15.00
Mr. Vincent Astor... 0.0.0... .0000000 00 vee 100.00
Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss...............00..0.0005 5.00
Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss.................... 50.00
Mr. John W. Auchincloss... 2.0.0.0... eee 25.00
Mrs. Robert Bacon............. 0.0202 c cea 100.00
Mr. Henry de Forest Baldwin................. 100.00

Mrs. A. 7 —

Mr. George Blumenthal...............0200005 50.00
Mr. George S. Brewster... 2.0... cc eee ce cea 250.00
Mrs. Willard C. Brinton... 2.2... 00.02 eee eee 10.00
Mr. John I. D. Bristol. ............. 002 cee eeee 10.00
te NiL. Britton’. onsen eines ieee bs 250.00
Mrs. Helen C. Brown. ....... 0.0.00 cece eeeeee 25.00
Mr. Henry L. Calman..................000005 25.00
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie. ......... 0.020000 cece 250.00
Mrs. Percy Chubb............. 0.00 c eee naee 25.00
YA Comins. 4 sw ine Sa ie eatin Bawa 50.00

Miss Clarkson Cowl.......... 00... ee eee eee ee 50.00
Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane................0. 0005 25.00
Mr. Paul D. Cravath... 0... eee eee 25.00
Mr. James W. Cromwell................-.000 250.00
Mrs. E. B. Currier... 2.2.0... 25.00
Mr. J. Clarence Davies............. 00-000 eee 25.00
Mr. Henry W. de Forest................-.000- 500.00
Wm. Adams Delano.............000 20000 25.00

Mr. Moreau Delano.............00 2000 cece eee 25.00
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey...............0. 00005 50.00
Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge...................... 100.00
Miss Ethel DuBois................. 2000 e ee ee 25.00
Mrs. Matthew B. DuBois..................... 25.00
Mrs, Coleman du Pont............. cece cena 25.00
Mr. John E. Dwight................00000000- 10.00
Mr. Thomas ae seca bude an hgwet nce PA awe aaa 10.00
Sica tartn serene eee ne 10.00

Mr. Chane S ‘Fairchild Seabee chy settee detec 25.00
Mr. Samuel W. Fairchild.... 0.0 ........0.... 50.00
Mrs. Francis C. Farwell... 0.0.0.0... 000..0000. 5.00
Mr. William C. Ferguson..............2...0.. 25.00
Mr. James B. Ford. ......... 00.00.0000. eee eee 250.00
Mr. Theo, ‘Foulk..... cic a 04+ eeewot ware eee 25.00
Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox..........0... 00.0 0s eee 250.00
Mri: Childs Fiick®. 22. d0icdsiaweieas ei peueddtenad 100.00
Mr. MOIS hee cn oe pee neg? 10.00
Mr. Daniel Guggenheim... .......0.....0..0.. 1,000.00
Mr. Murry Guggenheim..................0002. 500.00
Mrs. Harry L. Hamlin.....................04. 10.00
Miss Elizabeth Stewart Hamilton.............. 100.00
rs. Wm. Pierson Hamilton.................. 25.00

r. J. Horace Harding....................... 100.00
Mr. Edward S. Harkness................00005 2,000.00
Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness.................... 2,000.00
.H. Harriman...... 0... eee eee eee 150.00

Miss Caroline C. Haynes.........-........000, 309.03
Mr. Rowland Hazard.....................00.. 10.00

Miss Anne Hinchman............... 0.00.00 25.00

Mr. Anton G. Hodenpyl..................000 100.00
Mrs. Richard March Hoe.................005. 25.00
Mr. John S. Holbrook... 0.0... 0 eee ee 25.00
Mr. Arthur M. Hunter............ 0.0.0.0 eee 10.00
Mrs, Edward F. Hutton.................0006- 100.00
Mr. Adrian Iselin. cacdcewsanes pee aes bee's 50.00
ro Aw We Jenkins iiss ia eee enced en eos 25.00
Mr. eee JONNINgS co5. cs eee risen tae bak ae 50.00
Mrs. John I. Kanes eves ee ue a eaealentenns 200.00
Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean..................... 10.00
Prof. James F. Kemp................-..--00-5 100.00
Mrs. Gustav E, Kis Sel ohn eptuntnt cee aoaeeceets 50.00
Mrs. Charles Potter Kling. .................. 50.00
Mrs, Sarah H. Lancashire..................-4.
Mr. Edward V. Z. Lane..............-...0-045 100.00
r. Henry Goddard Leach................2.... 25.00
Mr. Adolph Lewisohn. ................0-00006 100.00
Mrs. Francis G, Lloyd. ................0 00055 50.00
Mr. Pierre Mali. .csc0324 05 ede can eee Be ees 50.00
Mr. William J. Matheson..................0.- 100.00
Mrs. Rosalynde de L. Mayer.................. 25.00
Mrs. James McLean..............2..02-000005 100.00
Mrs. Regina V. G. Millhiser................... 10.00
Mr, Ogden Mills... 0... 0. eee eee eee 200,00
Mr. Ogden L. Mills... 0.0002... eee 250.00
Mr, Barrington Moore..................002005 161.00
Miss Katharine T. Moore see ares Pewee wa eewees 25.00
Mr. OLR a Niet oncaeid eas 500.00
Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr............ 0.0.0 c ee eeeee 25.00
Mrs. Pierpont Morgan.......-......0..0 0 eee ee 10.00
Dr, Lewis R. Morris............. 000000000 eee 500.00
Mrs. 5. Neustadt: 05 ..0cc.cis eee de ea eben 25.00
Mtv EF. Ee Oleott.4 viG2iceciedieh aad cans tan woke 25.00
Mrs, William Church Osborn.................. 25.00
Mr. Charles Lathrop Pack.............-...... 50.00
Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham.................4.. 40.00
Mr CTRINS Mie ne Ped ete eee eens 100.00
Mrs. F. A. C, Perrine...............0000 0000 ce 50.00
Mr. G. Ay Pheifier: t.nc4 asin edeewes hs eee eest 100.00
Mr. Walter Pforzheimer..............0.02000. 10.00
Mri Bi We POors; oni 24 eergs deed cintdles ed ihad 10.00
Mr. Abram S. seca eap nna atin miteenan emcee eee 5.00
Mrs. Herbert Lee Pratt............ 00... 0.405 25.00
Mrs. William oie Soe feel, ee wake eects 100.00
Mr. Charles F. Rand... 2.0.0.0... 00.0.0... 50.00
Mr. Ogden Mills Reid... 0.0... 00000... 50.00
Mr. John J. Riker... 0.20 2, 100.00

Mrs. John A. Roebling... 2... 0... ccc cece eee 100.00
Mrs. James Roosevelt.............. 000s eevee 50.00
r. Mortimer L. Schiff... 00... cece ee 250.00
Miss Grace Scoville... 2.2... ccc cece cee 25.00
Mrs. James A. Scrymser.......... 000000000005 500.00
Mr. A. R. Shattuck... 1... eee 100.00
Mrs, Finley J. Shepard... 2.0.0... c eee eee 25.00
Mrs. Benson B.Sloan.............00c eee cee 50.00
Mrs. Samuel Sloan... 2... .. 0... cc cece eas 50.00
Mrs, B. G. Spiegelberg... 2.0.0.0... 2c cece eee 10.00
Mr. Edward H. Squibb. ...................... 25.00
Mr. Edward R, Stettinius.................... 50.00
Miss Ellen J. Stone... 2.2.02... 0... eee ee 50.00
r, Charles Strauss... 2.0... eee 25.00
Mrs. Theron G, Strong.............. 00.000 ee 25.00
r. LULS IS cee oe nea at oie a gece tena 250.00
Mrs. ne Sullivans ociadaadd chee eens 10.00
Miss Mary Taber.............0 0.20 cece eee 10.00
Mr. Charles G. Taylor............2..0.-.00008 50.00
Mrs. Henry O. Taylor.................-0005 200.00
Mrs; John: T.. Terry ii. sev ecient seer. one ean 100.00
Mrs. F. F. Thompson... 1.2.0.0... 0.00 cee e eee 100.00
Mr. Louis C. Tiffany... .............000000005 100.00
r. A. F. Troescher................0. 02 cece 25.00
Mr, Ludwig Vogelstein..................0000- 25.00
Mr. Felix M. Warburg...................-0000- 50.00
Mr. Artemas Ward..................2 022000 100.00
Mr. H. H. Westinghouse... ..............-00.. 50.00
Dr Wm. E. hac Sethe Aten ets Sac eceeehe 10.00
Mr w...P2 Williss: dec s..ctse chess Geren neh 25.00
Mr. eeaens L Winthtop ccs Gores th sae aaeine 50.00
Miss. Julia Wray’: os-24 Swag whe eee 100.00
Mrs. A. Maas VOuUne a deswawa ens Sade 25.00
Ota lsat foe teeta areata nana Leads $16.935.03

Contributions to Endowment, aggregating $7,375, were
received from 24 members and credited to our Science and
Education Fund, as follows:

Mr. George T. Bowdoin................0....088, $ 100
Mrs. Benjamin Brewster... ........ 2.00.00 ccs euee 20
Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting...................0000. 100
Mr. Charles Deering... 2.0... cee eee 500
Mr. Arthur S. Fairchild. ...........0......00000. 100
Mrs. John Gribbel............... 00... e eee eae 20
Miss Elizabeth Stewart Hamilton................. 25
Dr. Louis Hauswirth. .........0....00.. 000000008 10

Caroline C. Haynes.......... 0... cee eee eee 25
Ly Hernstadt):s ic: save ee ae ee ed Be)
Mr, Arthur M. Hunter... 00.0.0... 00. cee eee ee 25
Dr. & Mrs. vane Si ee tees ot eee tans 5,000
Mr. My C. Lefferts:.22-.tc0edaecewta we ee 2
Mr. John ee Died oduct cam Adee edema tare ic eee oi 25
Mrs. Acosta Nichols sboreibs ist aese sala Ge i ences vale aes 100
Mr. George Notman............-.-0 0000s eee eens 50
Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham..............-.0 2000s 25
Mrs. George W. Perkins. ..............0.00 000005 1,000
Mr. Samuel W. Reyburn...............00 0.0005: 25
Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt............... 020005. 50
Miss Mary Taber............... 000s cee cece eee 10
Mrs. John B. Trevor... 12.0... 000. 000.00 cee eee 100
Mr. Allen Wardwell... 0.000... c cee eee 25
Mr. Charles: Zoller soc. 4 ¢cdcuce eek a eee eves 5
“TV Otall tiara a Ms wienten: Rcstamuutn a teen ee ee $7,375

The institution has now, after about 27 years’ effort,
reached a stage of development in which it takes rank as one
of the largest and most important botanical gardens of the
world and by far the most important in America. Its
reservation of land in Bronx Park, nearly four hundred
acres, is unequalled in natural beauty and in variety of
soil; it is valued at not less than $15,000,000. Its system

of driveways and paths has been
structed as planned; nearly all
drainage has been accomplished
vided. Over 15,000 species and

about nine-tenths con-
necessary grading and
and water-supply pro-
varieties of plants are

under cultivation in the grounds and greenhouses and the
special horticultural collections have attained great de-
velopment. The museum building contains numerous
collections of unsurpassed scientific and economic value.
Our educational and informational work through public
lectures, docentry, publications, correspondence, and la-
belled collections is of vast importance. Our library is one
of the most extensive and complete accumulations of
botanical and horticultural literature in existence. Our
investigations have already added much to human knowl-
edge. Available funds for expenditure are insufficient to
enable us as yet to take full advantage of this great insti-

(193)

tutional development for the public service. Larger pro-
vision is required for the maintenance of grounds, buildings
and collections; for the installation and upkeep of addi-
tional plantations, both decorative and educational; for
the completion of buildings and for the development of our
unsurpassed opportunities for scientific investigation and
teaching.

The generous endowments that public-spirited and far-
sighted citizens of New York have provided for other in-
stitutions give us ground for confidence that the financial
needs of The New York Botanical Garden will eventually
be recognized and met. The Garden exists for public
service, for the enjoyment of the people, and for the ad-
vancement and diffusion of knowledge of the plant world,
on which mankind is dependent. The renowned Royal
Botanic Gardens at Kew, with several centuries behind
them, have exerted a great influence in the development of
the British Empire. New York, the financial leader of the
world, will see to it that its own somewhat similar institu-
tion, now less than thirty years old, will not lack the means
with which to fulfill its destiny.

I append reports giving details of maintenance, develop-
ment and instruction by Dr. Small, Head Curator, by Dr.
Murrill, Supervisor of Public Instruction, by Mr. Boynton,
Head Gardener; by Dr. Stout, Director of the Labora-
tories; by Dr. Barnhart, Bibliographer; by Miss Harlow,
Librarian; by Mr. Corbett, Superintendent of Buildings
and Grounds; by Dr. Hollick, Paleobotanist; by Mrs.
Britton, Honorary Curator of Mosses; by Dr. Rusby,
Honorary Curator of the Economic Collection; by Dr.
Denslow, Honorary Custodian of the Local Herbarium;
and a schedule of expenditures by Mr. Groesbeck, Book-
keeper.

Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Brirton,
Secretary and Director-in-Chief

(194)

REPORT OF THE HEAD CURATOR OF MUSEUMS AND
HERBARIUM
Dr. N. L. Britton, DrrEcTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report as
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium, for the
calendar year 1923.

The research collections and public exhibits under my
supervision were conserved and developed as in the pre-
ceding years, and were augmented by specimens as indi-
cated in the accession lists printed in the Journal from time
to time. Summarized, the accessions may be indicated as
follows:

By gift and purchase. ........ 0.0.0. c eee eee eee 8,050
By exchange 03.263 ¢6ecian ved wena bee nee eee 9,074
By exploration 2.2 i¢vies catches ccsd eeees Vesa es 10,992

The total items accessioned are therefore 28,116.
About 1,200 duplicate specimens were sent to other
herbaria as exchanges.

Museums

The equipment of the public museums remained as in
the preceding year. Miscellaneous specimens were inter-
polated in the exhibits. The (a) Synoptic Collection; (8)
The Local Flora; (c) the Microscope Exhibit; and (d)
The Plant Picture Exhibit were maintained, but little
changed from the condition of the preceding year. The
Fossil Plant Museum was increased by specimens from
various parts of the globe. The bulk of the specimens
throughout the museums came from the collections made
on trips of exploration and through the personal efforts of
Dr. H. H. Rusby. See his report.

Herbaria

Specimens from many parts of the world were received
during the year. Although some material came from
Australia, Asia, Africa, and Europe, the great bulk repre-
sents the flora of (1) northern South America (Colombia,
British Guiana, Venezuela); (2) North America, including

(195)

the (a) West Indies (Cuba, Porto Rico, and Virgin Islands),
(6) Central America (Panama, Salvador), (c) Mexico, (d)
the United States, and (e) Canada; and (3) the Galapagos
Islands. Especial attention was devoted to the loca
flora herbarium. The accessions, about fifteen hundred
specimens, were mainly native plants, collected by mem-
bers of the Torrey Botanical Club on field excursions, and
a large series of naturalized exotics, mostly European, from
the greater New York, collected and presented by Mrs.
Mary Holsoff. The detailed geographical origin of the
specimens received during the year is given in the accession
lists of the Journal.

About 31,400 sheets of mounting paper were incorpor-
ated in the various herbaria. This accumulation repre-
sents the addition of about 46,000 flat specimens to the
herbarium. Bulky specimens were, as usual, disposed in
cardboard boxes and incorporated in the seed and fruit
collection. Specimens received for the Columbia Univer-
sity herbarium were incorporated in that collection.

In addition to incorporating novelties, considerable
attention was devoted to conserving and repairing speci-
mens already in the various collections.

The herbarium equipment was augmented by twelve
herbarium cases and two book cases.

Assistance and Investigations

In addition to the mechanical tasks connected with the
care and development of the collections, the curators have
accomplished some work of a technical scientific character.

Dr. P. A. Rydberg, Curator, has been in charge of the col-
lections of flowering plants. During the earlier part of the
year he spent most of the time that was not occupied by
mere routine work in sorting unmounted material accumu-
lated during 1922, preparing a part for mounting and the
rest for duplicates to be sent out as exchanges. The larger
collections of duplicates have been sent to the University
of California, California Academy of Sciences, Stanford

(196)

University, Pomona College, University of Minnesota, as
well as to the herbaria of Paris and Geneva. During the
summer months, some available time was devoted in tax-
onomic work, for North American Flora, especially on the
genus Astragalus and its allies, and the last two months in
moving and expanding the main herbarium into the new
cases. The following scientific papers have appeared
during the year: Notes on Rosaceae—XIV, containing
the Roses of the Prairies and Plains; Notes on Fabaceae—
I-III, containing notes on the genus Homalobus, all in the
Bulletin of the Torrey Club, and North American Genera
of Fabaceae—I, in The American Journal of Botany. In
January there was issued the second edition of his Flora of
the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains, printed during
the later part of 1922.

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator up to December first,
subsequently Assistant Director, continued in charge of the
collections of algae and hepaticae, and acted as Assistant
Director for nearly four months. Good progress was made
in the work of incorporating the F. S. Collins collection of
algae into the regular herbarium. Dr. Howe has, for the
sixth year, given much of his time to the exhibition border
of choice varieties of dahlias, and has given several lectures
on dahlias in New York City and vicinity, including one
that was broadcast by the American Telephone and Tele-
graph Company (WEAF) and was published, with the
addition of illustrations, in the September number of the
Garden Journal. His principal publication for the year
was the systematic treatment of the Ricciaceae in Vol. 14
of North American Flora and (with Miss Caroline Coventry
Haynes) of the Sphaerocarpales in the same volume. He
continued to act as secretary of the Torrey Botanical Club
and associate editor of its publications, as a member of the
Council of the New York Academy of Sciences, and as a
member of the Board of Control of Botanical Abstracts.
He has given eight lectures in the Saturday and Sunday
afternoon courses at the Garden.

(197)

Dr. Fred J. Seaver, Curator, continued in charge of the
collections of ascomycetes and lower fungi—Dr. Murrill
caring for the higher forms. The time from January 20
to April 9 was spent in Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands,
as the guest of the Porto Rican government, the explora-
tion involved having been made at the request of the insular
government. The object of the expedition was to collect
and study the fungi occurring in the islands preparatory to
listing these in the Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands which is being prepared by yourself and Mr. Wilson
for the New York Academy of Sciences. More than a
thousand collection numbers of fungi were brought back for
study. The greater part of the remainder of the year was
spent in working over these collections and several pre-
liminary papers relating to the work are now in press. A
number of exchanges of fungi with other institutions were
also made. Two lectures were given and some time de-
voted, as usual, to the work on destructive insects in the
Garden reservation.

Mr. Percy Wilson, Associate Curator, during the first
quarter of the year devoted some time to the determination
and distribution of West Indian specimens and to docentry.
The remainder of the time was devoted to the preparation
of manuscript and the reading of proof for the ‘‘ Botany of
Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands”’ in codperation with
yourself. Later in the year his attention was given to
collections in the field and to the care of some of the planta-
tions of the Garden and of the collections in the Propa-
gating Houses.

Mr. James A. Crawford, Associate Curator up to the end
of October (then resigned), devoted his time to helping
Dr. Gleason with his work on the large collections of speci-
mens from northern South America, to editorial work, and
to the listing of duplicate books in the library.

Mrs. Palmyre deC. Mitchell, Associate Curator since
November first, devoted her time to library work and to
aiding Dr. Rydberg in caring for the herbarium of flowering
plants.

14

(198)

Dr. H. H. Rusby, Honorary Curator of the Economic
Collections, continued to develop the collections of the
Economic Museum. See his report.

Mrs. N. L. Britton, Honorary Curator of Mosses, con-
tinued to develop the moss herbarium. See her report.

Dr. Arthur Hollick, Paleobotanist, continued the de-
velopment of the collections of fossil plants. See his
report.

Dr. H. M. Denslow, Honorary Custodian of the Local
Herbarium, devoted his time at the Garden to the de-
velopment of the local flora herbarium. See his report.

The writer, aside from curatorial routine and details,
continued to devote attention to studies in the flora and
floristics of the southeastern United States, to the securing
of miscellaneous desiderata for the herbarium, chiefly
through correspondence, and to studies in special groups of
plants, such as spider-lilies, flags, zamias, prickly-pears, and
palms. Miscellaneous manuscripts for Addisonia and the
Journal were prepared. Several articles, accounts of
species, histories of native palms, and narratives of explora-
tion, were printed. Explorations in the Florida mainland
and the Florida Keys were continued. Accounts of the re-
sults of the field work have been embodied in articles that
will appear in the Journal. Many valuable specimens
for the museums, the herbarium, and the conservatories
were secured while in the field in South Carolina and
Florida. The specimens just referred to represent material
secured through the cooperation of Mr. Charles Deering
in whose reservations in southern Florida we are making
plantings of rare and critical species for study. The
largest recent addition to the botanical facilities of the
Deering reservations is a century-plant garden, while the
installation of an iris garden, to contain a large portion
of the American iris material we are now assembling at the
Garden and in the Miami region is contemplated for next
year. Respectfully submitted,

JoHun K. SMALL,
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium

f

(199)
REPORT OF THE SUPERVISOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Dr. N. L. Britton, DrrEctToR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1923.

Lectures

Lectures on botanical and horticultural subjects were
given every week in the year. Sixty-nine illustrated public
lectures were given in the Museum Building on Saturday
and Sunday afternoons from April 1 to November 25
inclusive, the titles of which were published in the Journal.
I substituted for Dr. Gleason on April 22 and October 27,
and for Miss Lee on May 19; while Mr. Arthur Herrington
filled Mr. Pyle’s appointment on June 17. The attendance
reached 200 on May 20, August 4, August 11, September 1,
and September 23; and 300 on September 22, when Dr.
Howe lectured on ‘“Dahlias and Their Culture.” The
average for the entire series of 69 lectures was about I19;
or 127 for the 34 Saturday lectures and 110 for the 35
Sunday lectures.

During the winter, public lectures and demonstrations
were given in the central display greenhouse at Conserva-
tory Range 2. The attendance at these lectures on Sunday
afternoons during January and February averaged about
20, and during March about 40, the largest number being
present at a talk given by Mr. Wilson, March 18, on
“Shrubs in Winter.’’ The average for the five greenhouse
lectures on Saturday afternoons in December was about 27.

Most of the above lectures were reported in The New York
Times and Bronx Home News, abstracts being sent to these
papers in advance.

Lectures to Girl Scouts

A series of four illustrated lectures was given by me in
early spring to the Girl Scouts of the Bronx in the Museum
Building, as reported in the Journal. The subjects were:
‘Shade Trees,’ “Wild Flowers,’’ ‘‘Edible and Poisonous
Fungi,’’ and ‘Flowering Plants in Cultivation.”

(200)

School Lectures and Demonstrations

The biology pupils of the Morris High School and the
Evander Childs High School came to the Garden with their
teachers, as is their custom in January and June, to see the
living plants and museum collections and to hear a lecture
on forestry. Most of the members of the Garden Staff
assisted with the demonstrations on these occasions. On
June 18, 19, and 20, the attendance of biology pupils from
the two schools mentioned reached a total of 1881.

Docentry

A great many special appointments were made with
visiting classes from other schools and colleges in and near
New York City, such as Columbia University, Rutgers Col-
lege, Hunter College, high schools in Manhattan, Brooklyn,
Newark, etc., and special schools like the summer school
at Cold Spring Harbor and the school of floriculture con-
ducted by Max Schling. Julia Richmond High School was
represented by 400 pupils on June 1. Many parties of
Girl Scouts and Mount St. Ursula biology pupils also
visited the grounds at various times during the year.

Meetings

Since the burning of the mansion, we have been some-
what handicapped by the lack of a suitable room for club
meetings. The Stamford Garden Club held an outdoor
meeting here on May 22, with 35 members present. On
the afternoon of October 2, the City Gardens Club,
which promotes the development of gardens in the munici-
pality, met on the second floor of the Museum Building
in one of the wings. Twenty members were present, Miss
Frances Peters presiding. On October 18, the New York
Bird and Tree Club held an out-door meeting here, with a
formal meeting in the Museum Building after a basket
luncheon.

Floral Exhibitions

Special exhibitions of flowers were held in the Museum

Building on the dates given below. Fine displays of flowers

(201)

on the grounds at various seasons also attracted much
attention.

May 12,13. Exhibition of Spring Flowers.

August 3-5. Exhibition of Gladioli.

September 21-23. Exhibition of Dahlias.

Personal Investigations

The work of my department has expanded considerably
during the year, especially as regards lectures, visitors, and
the giving out of information by correspondence and
through the public press. Editorial and curatorial work,
with the determination of an unusual number of myco-
logical specimens, has been continued as formerly. My
researches during the past year were confined chiefly to
studies in the field. A month was spent in exploration in
Florida, and all of my vacation was devoted to collecting
trips to Virginia, Woodstock, Interstate Park, and Lake
Placid; accounts of which appeared in the Journa/ and in
Mycologia. Several taxonomic articles were prepared for
Mycologia and a new series of lectures for the museum
course.

Respectfully submitted,
W. A. MurRILL,
Supervisor of Public Instruction

REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER

Dr. N. L. Brirron, DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report for
the year 1923.

Horticultural Operations

The gardening force under the direction of Messrs. John
Finley and H. W. Becker, Foremen Gardeners, consisted of
27 gardeners, an average of about 14 laborers and I appren-
tice gardener. Outdoor operations under Mr. Finley’s
supervision included an increased amount of cultivation
to conserve moisture, the season being the driest in many
years. Some 40 shrubs were transferred from nurseries to

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the Fruticetum, 28 trees of 17 species from nurseries to the
Arboretum, 25 trees of 9 species from nurseries to the
Pinetum, 10 trees from nurseries to roads and paths, 38
species from nurseries to Herbaceous Grounds and 25
plants from nurseries to Morphological Garden. About
150 plants in 35 varieties were added to the Lilac Garden,
200 plants of 100 varieties of climbing roses were planted
in the new area at the Rose Garden under the supervision
of Mr. John Baardse, representing Bobbink and Atkins of
Rutherford, N. J., and 35 plants, representing 20 species of
wild roses, were planted on the hill west of the Rose Garden.

Two more Iris beds were opened up and planted, one
more dahlia bed made and a portion added on to the east
bed, 100 feet in all, 100 square feet were added to the
Chrysanthemum bed to accommodate 13 new varieties,
100 square feet to the west lily bed for collected bulbs of the
Turk’s-cap Lily from Staten Island; five new beds were
opened in the Narcissus collection and 5000 square feet in the
Conservatory Court to receive, with the 7 old beds, the
80,500 tulips given by the Dutch Bulb Growers’ Association.
3000 square feet of ground was opened to duplicate the
Rhododendron planting on the east front of Range No. 1,
the Rhododendrons on the northeast bank of the lake were
moved south to the corner of the hemlock forest and in their
place were planted cornels and dockmackie collected in
the grounds. 25 Retinisporas were planted at the Lilac
Garden entrance and Arbor-vitae and Douglas Spruce at
the Elevated Approach to replace tall shrubbery removed.
The Rock Garden, under the direction of Dr. E. B. South-
wick, was expanded by special construction work to in-
clude 4000 more plants, and additional space in the northern
end was prepared and planted with a collection of local
wild flowers.

Two beds were canceled in the Herbaceous Grounds and
the whole collection there compressed and replanted, leav-
ing open beds for new planting.

(203)

Greenhouse Operations

The greenhouse work, under Mr. Becker’s direction,
included the rearrangement of the collections in more
attractive form, the increasing and propagation of the
foliage plant collections and the renovation and propaga-
tion of the orchid collection.

The hardy waterlilies were taken up and placed tem-
porarily in the tender-lily tank pending repairs on the
hardy-lily tank.

At Conservatory Range No. 2, 1650 plants, including
300 chrysanthemums, 225 Cinerarias 287 Primulas, 100
Begonias, 184 Stocks, 156 Pelargoniums, 168 Fuchsias,
163 Hippeastrums, and 68 Hydrangeas were grown for
exhibition in the Central Display House.

The new Chrysanthemum display, given by Elmer D.
Smith & Co., Adrian, Michigan, consisted of 113 plants of
60 varieties, mostly new sorts originated by this company.

At the Propagating Houses many seedlings were raised
for the herbaceous and woody collections, 50 varieties of
annual flowering plants for the conservatory beds, and
many greenhouse plants renovated and propagated before
being sent back to the collections.

Planting was started from the Propagating Houses to
the new nursery area.

Systematic Plantations

HERBACEOUS GROUNDS. The herbaceous collections
comprise about 2913 species and varieties in the Herba-
ceous Grounds, nurseries, and flower gardens.

Woopy CoLLections. In the Fruticetum, Salicetum,
Arboretum, Pinetum, and Viticetum are located about
3100 plants, representing 850 species in 95 genera.

CONSERVATORIES. Nearly 23,700 plants are now housed
under glass, representing 9000 species and varieties dis-
posed as follows: Range 1, 8597; Range 2, 9236; Propa-
gating Houses, 5855; in Conservatory Court tanks, 81
varieties, 275 plants, of waterlilies were shown. In

(204)

cooperation with private estates and institutions, Mr.
Becker has greatly increased the foliage plant collections,
especially the Begonias, Crotons, Dracaenas, Marantas,
and others of interest to the amateur as house plants,
school room plants, or plants for small greenhouses. The
Begonia collection now contains nearly 500 plants, in-
cluding 24 varieties of Begonia Rex and 51 varieties of
other species.

There are now in our collections, 113 Crotons in 43
varieties; 2137 plants, 390 kinds, of other foliage plants;
3458 succulents, 486 aroids, and 3500 coolhouse plants of
438 kinds.

Miscellaneous Collections

RosE GARDEN. About 500 hybrid tea roses were
planted in the spring and 200 plants of climbing roses in
100 varieties were received in the autumn from Messrs.
Bobbink and Atkins of Rutherford, N. J., the collection
now showing about 4500 plants given by that firm. Mrs.
Mortimer J. Fox has presented the Garden with plants of
Kazanlik, a rose used for making attar, and York and
Lancaster, a rare old red and white Damask rose.

DAHLIA GARDEN. 450 varieties represented by 853
plants were shown in the dahlia borders, under the direction
of Dr. Marshall A. Howe.

IR1s GARDEN. The test garden of the American Iris
Society now contains 1212 varieties and numbers 2930
plants, 287 being added this year.

Tuip DispLay. Through the codperation of Mr. H. J.
Arentshorst, the Dutch Bulb Growers’ Association, M. Van
der Koog, Sec’y, shipped us 16 cases of tulips for our 1924
display. This gift of 80,500 bulbs was planted as follows:
Early Singles, 40 varieties, Early Double, 10 varieties,
Cottage, 12 varieties, and Breeders, 20 varieties, in the
Conservatory Court; Darwin, 43,000 bulbs, 72 varieties, in
the Horticultural Grounds and around the Museum
approach fountain.

(205)

Narcissus CoLLection. About 5000 bulbs in 5 varie-
ties were replanted in the Horticultural Grounds, making,
with 1000 King Alfred in place there, 6000 plants in the
Narcissus plantin

PEONY CoLecrion. This display contains 340 plants
in 126 varieties.

PHLtox CoLLecTion. The perennial phlox collection
contains 25 varieties, 220 plants.

VARIEGATED PLANT COLLECTION. 62 kinds of varie-
gated plants 500 in number, were shown.

CANNA COLLECTION. 1500 plants of 60 varieties were
displayed in the Canna beds this year.

GLADIOLUS COLLECTION. 200 varieties, represented by
13,000 plants, were displayed in the Horticultural Grounds.

HarDy CHRYSANTHEMUM COLLECTION. 13 new varie-
ties, 100 plants, were added from Chas. H. Totty, through
the interest of the Garden Club of America, making this
display 680 plants in 68 varieties.

Lity GARDEN. 620 bulbs were planted in the lily beds,
including 300 Lilium superbum collected on Staten Island by
Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. A. B. Stout; other varieties and
continued replacements, including Japanese bulbs still to
come, being given by Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox.

Litac GARDEN. 150 plants, in 35 varieties, were added,
this collection now numbering 560 plants in 185 varieties.

FERN GARDEN. Collections by Dr. E. B. Southwick
and plants sent by fern students have added about 800
plants to this collection, making nearly 10,000 plants
placed here since it was rebuilt.

Rock GARDEN. Under the direction of Dr. E. B. South-
wick the Rock Garden planting has again nearly redoubled.
More than 4000 plants were placed, including I00 alpines
given by Mr. Clarence Lown of Poughkeepsie N. Y., small
bulbous plants given by Mrs. W. H. Peckham, and many
kinds propagated by Dr. Southwick. Native wild flowers
collected by Dr. and Mrs. Britton, Mr. Rossiter, and Dr.
Southwick were added to the north end.

(206)

Labeling, Recording, and Herbarium

Under the direction of Mr. John Hartling, Head Gard-
ener’s Assistant, with one label boy, a total of 4133 labels
have been made and placed, including 480 for Dahlias,
645 for Conservatories, 618 for Horticultural Collections,
190 for Herbaceous Grounds, 92 for Arboretum, 295 for
Morphological and Economic Gardens. About 1075 labels
were made and placed on the Pinetum and roadside trees
through the assistance of Mr. Percy Wilson and Mr. A. S.
Foster. Triangle family signs to the number of 92 were
repainted and relettered and 7 house signs and 49 school
lecture signs were made. 4000 pot labels were repainted
and 3000 wooden labels cut and painted.

Accession numbers 51,367 to 52,459 have been recorded,
making a total of 1092 accessions for the year. 125
packets of seed, 49 by gift, 29 by purchase, 35 by exchange,
and 12 by collection were received. 83,120 bulbs were
received, and 8896 plants, of which 1477 were by gift,
2267 by purchase, 2218 by collection, 462 by exchange and
1672 from seed. 200 specimens were added to the her-
barium of cultivated plants and much material for class
work in schools and colleges has been collected throughout
the year.

Lectures

I have delivered seven lectures in the regular courses,
three in the winter courses, have given twenty-two talks on
garden topics from Radio Station WEAF, (American
Telephone and Telegraph Co.) and have demonstrated
our collections of shrubs and evergreens to students of
horticulture from Columbia University.

Respectfully submitted,
KENNETH R. Boynton,
Head Gardener

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORATORIES
Dr. N. L. Brirron, DIREcTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to present the following report for
the year 1923.

(207)

The first five and one-half months of this calendar year
were spent in southern California, completing a nine
months’ leave of absence from the Garden. During this
period there was opportunity to study problems of sterility
in several important fruit crops. A study of the viability
of the pollen of the date palm was made in cooperation with
Dr. Walter T. Swingle of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and
a special investigation was made of the flower mechanism
of avocados with reference to pollination and fruit pro-
duction.

During my absence from the Garden, Miss Hester M.
Rusk very ably continued the main lines of experimental
work already under way and performed the routine duties
incident to the laboratories and to the keeping of metero-
logical records. Mrs. Jean Kerr has continued during the
year as a voluntary and unpaid assistant.

Investigations

As in recent years, the research under my charge has been
almost entirely devoted to studies (1) of bud variation and
(2) of phenomena of sterility and fertility.

In Coleus, Pelargonium, and Abutilon, several new bud
variations have appeared, involving leaf shape or variega-
tion. These are being studied along with other bud sports
previously obtained as to constancy in vegetative propaga-
tion and heredity in seed progenies. Special attention is
being paid to the infectious type of variegation.

Studies of sterility and fertility continue as my main line
of research. The effort is to become acquainted with all
the different types of sterility, to determine their nature
and their behavior in vegetative propagation and in seed
progenies, and most of all to understand their relation to
seed and fruit production. The numerous species of
Lilium being grown, and the cultures of sweet potato,
Hemerocallis, Brassica, Pelargonium, and Lythrum have
given interesting and valuable results. Further green-
house facilities with equipment for controlling light and

(208)

humidity are greatly to be desired in the studies of the
blooming habits of plants.

Two weeks in August were spent at Presque Isle, Maine,
continuing studies of sterility in potatoes in cooperation
with Professor William Stuart and Dr. C. F. Clark of the
Bureau of Plant Industry. During this time the study of
seedling varieties was much extended, and a study of
several species and of certain hybrids was made.

As the season for the blooming of grapes was past when
I returned to New York last June, the usual spring trip to
Geneva for work with grapes was not made. The seedlings
obtained in the breeding work during the last few years are
being grown at Geneva and will soon yield new material for
study and for use in further breeding. There is also a
wealth of material available at Geneva for an investigation
of sterility and fertility in such important fruit crops as
the apples and the pears. Such studies promise results of
special scientific and economic interest and value. I
request permission and support in continuing such studies
in codperation with the Department of Horticulture at the
Geneva Experiment Station and elsewhere as opportunity
may arise.

The rather extensive studies with the genus Lilium are
progressing very satisfactorily along the lines already
definitely mapped out and reported to you in detail.*
Bulbs and seeds of more species are being obtained by pur-
chase and by gifts from correspondents. Many seedlings
are being grown, some of them hybrids, from our own breed-
ing. In a few years these will greatly enlarge our collec-
tions for experimental study and for display plantings.
Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox has liberally continued her support
and cooperation. The construction of four new cold
frames, from funds supplied by her, has furnished facilities
much needed for the proper care of the seedlings. A
popular account of sterility of lilies, with directions how to
circumvent incompatibilities in getting seed has been pub-

* Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 23: 155-158. 1922.

(209)

lished and this was reprinted in The Gardeners’ Chronicle in
England. Other popular accounts of the observations and
results of our experiments in the breeding, propagation, and
culture of lilies will be presented as rapidly as the results
warrant. Mrs. Fox, Miss Rusk, and I codperated in pre-
paring the number of Addzsonia devoted entirely to lilies,
which appeared too late to be mentioned in my report for
1922.
Students and Scholars

The students and investigators formally registered during
the year for research at the Garden are as follows:

Cover, Louise A.., Plant breeding.
Dalbey, Nora E., Cytology of Head Smut of

Sorghum.
Foster, Adriance S., Dendrology.
Gaiser, Lulu O., Cytology.
Hylander, Clarence J., Algae, the Cladophoraceae.
Kozlowska, Aniela, Ecology.
Rosin, Albert A., Plant breeding.

Respectfully submitted,
A. B. Strout,

Director of the Laboratories

REPORT OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHER
Dr. N. L. Britron, DrrEcTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1923.

By far the largest addition ever made to the library has
occurred during this year. By the recent consolidation of
several botanical institutions in Geneva, Switzerland, the
‘Conservatoire botanique’”’ of the University secured an
immense number of duplicates, and these were purchased as
a whole for our library. They arrived during the summer;
most of them have been unpacked and inspected.

The entire collection comprises about five thousand
bound volumes, besides thousands of unbound volumes and

(210)

pamphlets. It is noteworthy for the number of fine folios
and beautifully bound volumes, and even among the un-
bound ones and pamphlets are many rarities. The number
of works not previously in our collection is considerable,
but even more important, perhaps, is the acquisition of
fine copies of hundreds of volumes previously represented
only in the deposit of Columbia University and subject to
withdrawal at any time. Of course such withdrawal was
not anticipated, but had it occurred prior to this purchase
all of the work at the Garden would have been hampered
seriously.

Of course it will be a long time before all of the additions
from this source can be incorporated into the library; a
beginning has been made, however, and the accessions
during the present year are included in the statistics pre-
sented in the report of the Librarian.

Work on this Geneva purchase hampered the editorial
work on North American Flora during the latter half of the
year. Volume 14, part I, was issued in January; volume
24, part 3, in July; four or five parts are standing in type,
and it is hoped that these may soon appear in quick
succession. Three numbers of volume 8 of Addisonia
have been published; the concluding number has been
delayed, but should appear in January.

Respectfully submitted,
JoHNn HENDLEY BARNHART,
Bibliographer
REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN
Dr. N. L. Brirron, DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1923.

A recent census of the library shows a total of 32,311
bound volumes, an increase of approximately 1300 over
the census of 1922. Of these there were acquired by gift
76, by exchange or deposit 94, and by purchase 688. Of
the last mentioned the greater portion were included in the

(211)

books purchased from the Geneva Botanical Garden the
past summer. (See report of Bibliographer). The princi-
pal accessions have been listed as heretofore in the Journal.
The most noteworthy gift was that of a large number of
volumes of the American Journal of Science, making our
set now practically complete. These were presented
by Mr. K. K. Mackenzie. During the year 54 volumes
have been returned to the American Museum of Natural
History.

There have been bound 516 volumes belonging to the
Garden and 32 belonging to Columbia University.

Three new stacks have been installed in the laboratory.
These will afford room for a considerable portion of the
smaller books of the Geneva collection.

here have been added to the Catalogue 1442 type-
written cards and 2068 of those issued by the Torrey Bo-
tanical Club.

Lack of full-time assistance requires that much of the
Librarian’s time be spent in clerical work. If rapid progress
in accessioning the newly acquired books from Geneva is
to be made it seems imperative that additional help should
be afforded.

The following omissions and additions should be made to
the list of serials which was appended to the report of the
reas for 1921 (Bulletin 12: 41-61, 139).

Omit the following:

Irish se Dublin, Ireland

La Plata. Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Revista.

tMonatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde, Neudamm, Germany.

Upsala. Regia Societas Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Upsala, Sweden. Nova
Acta.

Add the following:

* American Journal of Science, New Haven, Con

Bulletin de Vulgarisation des aan N Gattis, Auch, France.

Bulletin Joseph Paquet, Nice, Fra

Canada. Biological Board of ae Toronto, Canada. Contributions to
Canadian Biology

Gothenburg Botanic Catex Gothenburg, Sweden. Seed Lis

a snaen of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Minnesota eis in Plant
Science

(212)

Natural History Society of Moravska Ostrava, Czecoslovakia. Roénik.
Nature Magazine, Washington, D. C.
Petrograd. Botanical soso ‘of a Russian Republic, Petrograd, Russia.
Bulletin, Notulae Systema
Schlesische Gesallechate fiir ae Kultur, Breslau, Germany. Jahr-
esbericht.
Sociedad Argentina de Mess Naturales, Buenos Aires, i Physis,
Societas Botanicorum Poloniae, Warszawa, Poland. Act
* Zeitschrift ftir Sica ce Berlin, Germany.
Respectfully submitted,
SARAH HARLow,
Librarian

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS
D GROUNDS
Dr. N. L. Britton, DrRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1923.
Regulating and Grading

A great deal of grading was accomplished during the past
year. The extreme southeastern corner of the Garden
south of the large lake has been partly graded and the old
quarry at the white pine plantation near the Iris Garden
Entrance was graded and sown with grass seed. The Rose
Garden north of the new road was regulated, graded, and
planted with climbing roses.

As in previous years, contractors working in the vicinity
of the Garden who were seeking to dispose of soil taken from
excavations, carted about 3500 yeards of soil into the
Garden at their own expense. Approximately 200 yards
of this was good top soil and we placed it along the traffic
road near Conservatory Range 1. In order to fill the
bottom of the valley of the Long Lake, about 3300 yards
of the above-mentioned soil were dumped on its eastern
side near the outlet; this lake is now drained to a low flow
evel. Some years ago a contractor was permitted to bring
blasted stone into the Garden and leave it at the southern
end of the large lake; nearly 250 yards of this stone were
used for building paths and fences along Pelham Parkway.

(213)
Drainage

In order to drain the Long Lake and hold the flow-line
when filled, we built a culvert 20 feet long, one catch-basin,
and installed 12 feet of 14-inch tile pipe. On the northern
side of the new road at the Rose Garden, we put in 460
feet of 3-inch tile drain pipe and a catch-basin. Three
culverts 20 feet long were installed in the lilac collection
near the Mansion Approach Entrance and one culvert of
the same size was built on the western side of the Bronx
River near the picnic grounds.

Water Supply

All the hot and cold water pipes were replaced with new
ones by our plumber at Conservatory Range 1. The badly
rusted old pipe had been leaking constantly throughout
the range. Other important repairs were made to the
water system in the Museum Building, the Propagating
Houses and Conservatory Range 2, as well as in the com-
fort stations and drinking fountains throughout the
Garden.

Paths

A 10-foot path 300 feet long was completed near the iris
collection in the southern part of the Garden bounding the
western side of the picnic grounds. The path from the
gate of these grounds was extended north for a distance of
220 feet and is now ready to be paved. The border path
was extended eastward 200 feet and a culvert placed under
it. At the Mansion Approach Entrance at Pelham Park-
way, a 10-foot path 140 feet long was completed and a cul-
vert installed beneath it. A Io-foot path 543 feet long,
one half of which is paved, has been built in the garden of
climbing roses. Another 10-foot path 400 feet long was
constructed at the southeastern corner of the Garden, one
half of which has been paved. The regraded path leading
from Power House I to the Elevated Railway Approach
was paved and completed. All the paths in the northern
section of the Garden were cleaned and resurfaced, and

15

(214)

those at the Iris Garden and around the terrace at Con-
servatory Range I were resurfaced and rolled.

Buildings

The walls of the typewriting room and part of those on
the second floor in the west wing of the museum building
were painted. Necessary repairs to the windows, doors, and
cases were made by the carpenter, and to the steam and
water systems by the plumber and steam engineers.

The sash bars of houses 4, 6, 7, II, and 13 of Conserva-
tory Range I were repaired and broken glass replaced. In
House 1 the steam engineers replaced one set of radiators
and the carpenters repaired the doors and window sash.
In each of houses 4 and 13 two coils were replaced and all
necessary repairs were made to the steam supply pipe and
risers. Three lengths of 6-inch steam-pipe were renewed
between Power House 1 and Conservatory Range I. A
6-inch expansion joint was put in the supply line under
House 4 and all the valves and slip joints were packed.

The exterior of houses 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of Con-
servatory Range 2 received two coats of paint. All the
old snow-guards were replaced with new frames and wire,
and broken glass was also replaced. The steam engineers
repaired the water and steam systems wherever it was
necessary.

Houses 5 and 6 of the Propagating House were painted
and several sash bars were repaired. For the purpose of
securing a better draft in order to burn the coal we are
obliged to use, the chimney here was elevated ten feet.
The gutters of the potting house were replaced as well as all
broken glass. A new gutter was added to the stable, the
roof repaired and all the stalls were refloored.

We were compelled to retube the five boilers in Power
House 1; at Power House 2, boiler 6 was also retubed and
five tubes were placed in boiler 7. This was done by con-
tractors, but the repairs to the brickwork were the work of
our own employes.

(215)

The storage house under the Elevated Railway Approach
has been completed. A foundation 130 feet long, 12 inches
wide and 3 feet deep was constructed, and over this founda-
tion an 8-inch brick wall was built. Eight windows 34%
feet wide and six feet high were installed, as well as two
pairs of doors ten feet square.. A guard wire was placed
outside the windows and the floor concreted.

On March 26 of this year, at ten forty in the forenoon,
Jeremiah Moore called my attention to an unusual cratk-
ling noise on the roof of the Mansion. Upon immediate
investigation I found the roof ablaze and then hurriedly
telephoned the Fire Department. Forty-five minutes had
elapsed before the engines arrived and the fire was not under
control until half past three in the afternoon. The engines
were operating until midnight. The two upper floors and
attic were destroyed, but the stone and brick walls are
still intact. The paintings and engravings, as well as the
greater part of the collections on exhibition here by the
Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences were rescued from the
fire through the diligent efforts of park employes and the
fire patrol, and nearly all furniture and other Garden
property was saved.

Grounds

The hardy water-lily tank in the court of Conservatory
Range I was emptied of all its contents and cleaned.
About 250 yards of soil were removed from it, some of
which has been spread over the lawns and the remainder
stored for fertilizing purposes.

The carpenter repaired the cedar fences at the Woodlawn
Road Approach and those along the Bronx River and the
mansion road. All the one- and two-rail iron fences upon
the grounds were repaired. Along Pelham Parkway west
of the Bronx River a foundation 344 feet long, 20 inches
high and 3 feet deep was built for a fence. Upon 210 feet
of this foundation a rubblestone wall 18 inches high was
erected. A six-foot iron fence 550 feet long and fifteen
stone piers 8 feet high were constructed along Pelham

(216)

Parkway. The material used to build 200 feet of this
fence had been taken down at the Elevated Railway
Approach where the new storage house now stands, and
the iron remodeled by our blacksmith so as to conform with
that section of fence already up at Pelham Parkway. Two
coats of paint were given this fence. In continuing the
fence from the Mansion Entrance Approach to the Linnaean
Bridge on the eastern side of the Bronx River along Pelham
Parkway, a 20-inch foundation 284 feet long and 3 feet
deep was built.

The department of Parks placed trap rock and screening
on the new road from the Rose Garden north to the Allerton
Avenue entrance and rolled it down. Part of this road has
been tarred, and we hope to open it to the public in the
spring of 1924.

Five new rustic benches were constructed by the car-
penter and ten were repaired. The signs and maps about
the grounds were repaired and replaced when necessary.
The propagating houses were supplied \ith wood fuel for
four and a half months, cut from dead or fallen trees. We
continued the uprooting of poison ivy.

From May until September, about twelve parties a week,
consisting of from 50 to 2500 children visited the Garden.
These children attended the public and Sunday schools
throughout Greater New York and in New Jersey. The
visitors were escorted to the three picnic grounds. Special
guards were detailed there daily.

Two police officers in civilian clothes were stationed in
the Garden for five days a week from May until September,
including Sundays and Saturdays. In addition to our own
keepers, twelve guards were selected from the laborers and
gardeners and assigned to patrol the Garden on Sundays
and holidays. A city officer has been detailed here every
day in the year, and during the summer season three
additional officers were assigned. The officers of the
Police Department served about 250 summonses for vio-
lations of park ordinances and the offenders were fined

(217)

from two to ten dollars by city magistrates. The visitors
to the Garden on Sundays, Saturdays, and holidays during
the summer months averaged about 50,000, although this
number was much greater in July and August.

Because of the vigilance of our employes, little damage
was done to the plantations. A special guard was assigned
to watch over the dahlia, gladiolus, and rose collections
both day and night on account of the increasing number of
admirers.

Respectfully submitted,
RTHUR J. CORBETT,
Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds

Dr. N. L. Brirron, DiRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor of submitting the following report
for the year 1923.

In addition to carrying on the current work of the past
year, two special undertakings have been accomplished.

It has been our custom to store temporarily, in our
preparation room, in the basement, such specimens as were
without names, or which, for one reason or another, called
for more attention than could be bestowed upon them at
the time. Such materials gradually accumulated until
they came to occupy most of our shelf-room and even to
encroach on the floor space. During the past summer,
the whole of this material has received attention, with the
result that upward of a hundred specimens, some of ex-
ceptional interest, have been installed in our exhibition
cases.

Classification of the large collection of economic material
obtained on my last South American expedition has been
continued. A point having been reached beyond which
it was impracticable to proceed until the general botanical
collection was studied, the latter part of the year has been
devoted almost wholly to the latter work. This collection
numbers more than 1500 species, and it appears that about
ten per cent of them are undescribed. To the latter are
referable a number of the economic products.

(218)

Of my drug collections, several have proved of great
interest. The specimens of Coto collected by Dr. White
have enabled us to make known, for the first time, the
botanical identity of that drug, while recent information
resulting directly from that expedition appears likely to
clear up the origin of the related drug Paracoto. In these
cases, our investigation has proceeded much farther than
that of botanical identification. Two new alkaloids have
been isolated from our Coto bark. The presence of addi-
tional alkaloids has been determined in another bark, and
physiological experiments with one of them, now in pro-
gress, appear to indicate that it will prove of value in
medicine.

The educational value of our Museum would be greatly
enhanced if we could secure the conspicuous labeling of all
specimens, with explanatory information in many cases,
and I continue to urge this improvement as the most
important requirement in this department.

Respectfully submitted,
H. H. Russy,
Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections

REPORT OF THE PALEOBOTANIST
Dr. N. L. Britton, DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to report as follows upon paleo-
botanical and other activities in which I was engaged
during the year 1923.

The principal item of investigation and research was the
continuation and completion of my work on the fossil flora
of the West Indies, which was extended beyond its original
plan and scope so as to include, not only identifications and
descriptions of all the available material in our collections,
but also as complete a review as possible of the literature
relating to the paleobotany of the region.

In codperation with Prof. E. W. Berry, of Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, a joint work on the Tertiary flora of
Brazil was satisfactorily planned and prosecuted. My

(219)

special part of the work was the generic identifications of
fossil specimens by comparison with specimens in the
herbarium of the Garden; and in this connection I wish
to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Percy Wilson and Dr.
H. A. Gleason.

A preliminary examination and report was made upon a
collection of Pleistocene fossil plants from the Kootenay
Valley of British Columbia, for the Canada Geological
Survey. In return for this work a set of the specimens
will become the property of the Garden and will make a
valuable addition to the fossil plant collections.

Several requests were received for identification of paleo-
botanical material, and of material supposed to represent
remains of fossil plants. These included a specimen of
fossil wood from the Yellowstone National Park, fossil seeds
or fruit from Colombia, and a supposed fossil banana from
New Jersey. All received careful attention and were duly
examined and reported upon.

Exchange of specimens was made with the State Museum
of Stockholm, Sweden, and with Brown University, Provi-
dence, R. I.

Twenty-two pieces of literature relating to fossil botany
were received and accessioned into the library. Twenty
of these were personal exchanges. Three new authors were
added to the exchange list. Continuous effort was main-
tained to augment this list and to secure as many separates
as possible for the paleobotanical library.

From duplicate material in the fossil plant collections a
set of thirty-five typical specimens was provided for edu-
cational purposes in Stuyvesant High School.

Four lectures, dealing in whole or in part with some phase
of paleobotany, were delivered in connection with the
regular Garden courses.

From June 25 to July 31 I made the instrumental obser-
vations and kept the records, in connection with the Hem-
lock Forest investigation ; and on two occasions in September
it was my privilege to be associated with representatives of

(220)

the Department of Water Supply in a reconnaissance of the
surficial geological features of the Garden and adjacent re-
gion.
Respectfully submitted,
RTHUR HOLLICK,
Paleobotanist

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF MOSSES
Dr. N. L. Britton, DirEcToR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: The accessions for the year 1923 number 729, and
680 duplicates have been distributed as exchanges.

We have received some rare and valuable exotic mosses,
notably from the Swedish Pacific Expedition collected by
Dr. Carl Skottsberg, and from Hawaii and Madagascar.
Our collections from South America have been enriched by
large additions from Colombia, made by Dr. F. W. Pennell
and E. P. Killip, and from Venezuela by H. F. Pittier and
W. E. Broadway. From the United States National
Museum we have received collections to determine from
Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Panama,
made by Paul Standley, W. R. Maxon, E. P. Killip and Dr.
W.L. Abbott. A few specimens from Peru and Chile have
also been added to the collection. Our West India ex-
changes have been continued in Cuba with Brothers Leén
and Hioram, and in Porto Rico with the local herbarium at
Rio Piedras. A few mosses from Jamaica and Santo
Domingo have been added through the kindness of Prof.
V. F. Brotherus, collected by E. Jaderholm in 1922.

No large collections from the United States have been
added, though small accessions have come in for naming
from Alaska, Washington, Texas, Florida, and South
Carolina. We have received from Prof. J. M. Holzinger
fascicle no. 20 of his Musci Acrocarpi Boreali-Americani
and assisted him in some of his most critical determinations.
Dr. Evans has continued his cooperation by naming our
hepatics, and Mr. Williams devoted the summer to a large
collection of rock lichens made in Porto Rico and the Virgin

(221)

Islands last winter, and is at work on the collection from
Colombia made by Pennell and Killip. Professor Cockerell
has contributed a few specimens from his trip to Siberia,
and a few Chinese and Japanese specimens have also been
presented.

I have continued to care for the collection of lantern
slides, and 212 have been added during the year, either by
gift or purchase, and 3221 have been in use by our own
staff; a few loans have also been made.

Several lectures have been delivered to clubs in the
vicinity of New York under the Stokes Fund for the preser-
vation of our native plants, codperating with the chapters
of the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America.
Many associate and cooperating clubs have been added to
our lis

The correspondence has been heavy and continuous, and
rarely a day has passed that some question has not been
answered or literature distributed.

Respectfully submitted,
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON,
Honorary Curator of Mosses

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CUSTODIAN OF THE LOCAL

Dr. N. L. Britton, DIREcTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report for
the year 1923, as Honorary Custodian of the Local Flora
Herbarium.

The work of sorting and arranging the sheets has been
carried on steadily by Mrs. Mitchell and has now covered
about two-thirds of the collection.

Additions have been made to the extent of about 2000
sheets. Of these about 1200 sheets are the result of recent
collecting, by Mr. Beals and others on Torrey Club trips;
by Mr. Wilson, who has contributed nearly 600 sheets,
mostly specimens collected last summer in Connecticut;
and by the Custodian, chiefly in Passaic County, New

(222)

Jersey. Mrs. Mary Holtzoff has given 264 specimens,
collected by her during several years in McLean’s woods
on the northern border of Bronx Borough. Mr. W. C.
Ferguson contributed over 400 specimens from Long
Island. Of the remainder, 18 sheets have been transferred
from the general herbarium, about 100 have come from old
collections, and a few have been given by Dr. Small, Dr.
Hollick, Mr. W. C. Ferguson, and Miss Marguerite Lee.
Respectfully submitted,
H. M. DENsLow,
Honorary Custodian of the Local Herbarium

(223)

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE
YEAR 1923

I, CITY MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT
Appropriated Expended Balance
82.60

Salaries, Regular Employees.......... $142,839.00 $142,756.40
Wages, Temporary Employees....... 12,796.80 12,796.80
Total, Personal Service.. ...-. $155,635.80 $155,553.20 $ 82.60
Forage and sma! Sas les: Se 373.00 $ 371.79 $ 1.21
Fuel Supplies................0.0-005 25,050.00 25,038.71 11.29
Office Su ae eee pases ee eechiasee eens 300.00 299.87 13
General Plant Supplies.............. 1,000.00 999.68 32
General Plant Equipment 1,000.00 998.40 1.60
General Plant Materials............. 2,300.00 2,299.93 07
Repairs and Replacements.......... 3,500.00 3,494.39 5.61
Light, Heat and Power............. 350.00 348.04 1.96
eet and Boarding Sides includ-
ing Veterinary Service.......... 150.00 149.00 1.00
Telephone Service...............05. 150.00 146.97 3.03
Total, Expenses for other than
Personal Service...........04. $ 34,173.00 $ 34,146.78 $ 26.22

Summary, City Maintenance Account $189,808.80 $189,699.98 $ 108.82

2. SPECIAL GARDEN ACCOUNTS

Appropriated Expended _ Balance
PLantT FuNnpD

Balance from 1922... .0.cccceeececcee $ 237.48
Contributions ............00c eee eee 590.00
Sale of Hay... 1... ccc eee ee eee 85.00
Rerun otic aach ohare leans ot eens 16.91
Totalics fever wee eons $ 929.39 $ 688.14 $ 241.25
SpeciAL Book Funp
Balance from 1922... 0.00. c cca $ 25.18
Contributions. ................2.-. 8,200.00
Sale of Duplicate Books............. 1,415.00
SP Otal ce -cauesiee ate eae cs eee casas $ 9,640.18 $ 9,537.42 $ 102.76

EXPLORATION FUND
Contributions.............00 cca ee $ 1,090.00 $ 1,083.86 $ 6.14

(224)

MusrumM AND HERBARIUM FUND
Balance from 1922... 10-00. c eee eee
Contributions... 2.0.0.0... ccc cee aee

SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Balance from 1922........ sence veee
Contribution. . 0.2.2... .. 00 cece

PUBLICATION FUND
Contributions. ...........0000 eee ee
LABORATORY FUND
Contributions. ..... 0.2.00. cece eee
INVESTIGATION FUND
Contributions... 0.0... 0... e cece
LECTURE FUND
Contributions. .......... 000 cece eee

Appropriated Expended

$522.91
150.00

$672.91

$2,834.03

$775.00

$861.00

$350.00

$2,336.26

$487.10

$2,802.68

$555.11

$856.06

$341.18

3. SPECIAL INCOME ACCOUNTS

Income of Science and ee Fund
u

Income of Darius O. Mills Fund
Scientific Supplies and Painting,
til and Photography of

Preservation of Native Plants....
Accumulated Income of Student's Re-
search Fund
for Students’ Research......
Income of David Lydig Fund
Publications..................,
Income of Addison Brown Fund
Publication of Addisonia.........
Income of John Innes Kane Fund
Plants for Grounds and Green-
houses. 2.0.2... 0.0... eae

Appropriated Expended

$4,000.00

$2,400.00
$500.00

$500.00

$160.00

$850.00
$4,500.00

$3,000.00

$500.00

$3,600.00

$2,394.47

$159.25

$365.00
$4,485.59

$2,898.49

$494.32

Balance

$26.01

$185.81

$31.35

$219.89

$4.94

$8.82

Balance

$400.00

$5.53
$500.00

$500.00

$.75

$485.00
$14.41

$101.51

$5.68

(225)

Appropriated Expended Balance
Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund
Increase of the Collections, Books
imens, and Plants........ $1,200.00 $1,003.96 $196.04
Accumulated Income of Charles Budd
Robinson Fund
Aiding Exploration............. $80.00 $80.00
Income of Fanny Bridgham Fund
Books and Binding Books....... $1,700.00 $1,689.33 $10.67
Income 2 ia Lynde Stetson Fund
Lectures sc: eastve ceased vale oe $1,200.00 $1,172.51 $27.49
Peers Income of Russell Sage
and Margaret Olivia Sage Fund
ree eee eet eee ae $7,000.00 $6,919.80 $80.20
Fencitig’s4sateny ihe kas ied 5,800.00 5,770.72 29.28
Railings for — Grove..... 700.00 688.50 11.50
eon and Renewals.......... 3,600.00 3,563.49 36.51
Salariés:..¢ «2226 vanes ecsaatel is 16,300.00 16,203.37 6.63
Sle and Materials......... 5,900.00 5,827.91 72.09
Total ake glee saan es $39,300.00 $39,063.79 $236.21
4. GENERAL INCOME ACCOUNT
Appropriated Expended Balance
Insurances 25 <eeve2den does. eae aes $325.00 $316.10 $8.90
ntertainment of Guests and Meetings
OLS aire np soba hie ad nace 8 525.00 504.15 20.85
Assistance for Treasurer............ 1,080.00 1.080.00
Circulars for Membership........... 1,200.00 1,187.07 12.93
Temporary Subsidy for Addisonia 400.00 400.00
Contingent Fund................4- 2,450.00 2,421.09 28.91
Salaries ié ied ecvheiti Mackgacatas ¢ 13,400.00 11,789.92 1,610.08
Expenses of Honorary reais of the
Economic Collections........... 600.00 600.0
| IF i 10) aateraeh eoeneanne earner rte enrnn ne ene CPC 8,000.00 7,942. 80 57.20
ea emai and Herbarium
agian ghasehin asa. Sue at eng cesuslucaeed oaccenes 3,000.00 2,991.95 8.05
TOL Als teres c e.cuetenase ate ase aes $30,980.00 $28,833.08 $2,146.92
SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FROM FUNDS OF THE
GARDEN
Special Garden Accounts............ $17.967.81
Special Income Accounts............ 57.326.71
General Income Account............ 28,833.08

Totalisaninwis: to8 Gear sees $104,127.60

(226)

5. BOARD ROOM FUND

RECEIPTS
January 1, 1923, Balance Cash....... $12.40
Gross Receipts, January to April 16.. $63.58
Less, credited to Garden Funds...... 1.68
Net Receipts..............006 61.90
Total ck iAedeniee hate dnaeks 74.30
DISBURSEMENTS
Supplies... .. 2.0.2... cece ec $23.20
Contingencies.............0 ccc eae 51.10
DOtal ss wed demise tee esd 74-30
Respectfully submitted,
WALTER S. GROESBECK,
Bookkeeper.
E. and O. E.

NEw York, JANUARY 14, 1924.

(227)
DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF’s ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1923

406 Lexington Avenue
New York, April 1, 1924.
Mr. ROBERT W. DE ForESsT,
Chairman, Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden,
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have examined and audited the finan-
cial books and accounts of the Director-in-Chief of The New
York Botanical Garden for the year nineteen hundred and
twenty-three (1923), and that I find the same to be correct, and
the cash balance to be as stated in the current cash book.

In accordance with recent practice, I have not included in the
auditing the examination of the vouchers for City maintenance
or construction work paid for by the City, as such vouchers
have been found proper and in order by the City authorities,
and it was decided in 1904 by the then Chairman of the Finance
Committee that a further examination of them was unnecessary.
By like authority I have omitted also a detailed examination of
the annual membership dues account. These dues are received
by the Director-in-Chief and forwarded by him to the Treasurer,
the former keeping a detailed record of the same.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. Stone, Spectal Auditor.

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

To THE Boarp OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW YorK Bo-

TANICAL GARD

Gentlemen: The eaeaane Directors have held their cus-
tomary meetings throughout the year, at which many
questions dealing with the present and future scientific
work of the Garden have been brought up by the directors
for discussion.

The possibility of extending the exploration and experi-
mental research work of the Garden has received increasing
attention. It has been found possible with the means and
personnel now available to take up and study the conditions

(228)

of growth and reproduction of the native hemlock, a prob-
lem in which the Garden, as custodian of a fine native
growth of these trees, has an especial interest. Under the
direction of a committee of the Scientific Directors this
study has already made considerable progress, especially
in the accumulation of data as to temperature and moisture
conditions in the hemlock grove in the Garden, and at a
number of other representative localities in which native
stands of hemlock are found.

The regular scientific work of the Garden has gone
forward with normal vigor and is represented in additional
numbers of the North American Flora, and various papers
on genetics, as well as the maintenance of its regular serial
publications. Especially noteworthy is the completion
with the appearance of the 4th volume of the great mono-
graph of ‘‘The Cactaceae”’ by Director Britton and Dr. Rose.
The need of additional funds for the support of these publi-
cations, especially for the colored plates in Addzsonia, and
additional and more adequate illustrative material for the
Journal, as well as for various special publications by mem-
bers of the staff, is becoming more and more acute.

The Scientific Directors have participated fully, also, in
the discussion of the proposals for the further improvement
and development of the landscape features of the Garden
and for the new decorative and educational plantations
which are now under consideration.

Respectfully submitted,
A. HARPER,
Chairman

(229)

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS,
FELLOWS AND MEMBERS FOR THE
YEAR 1923.

To THE BoaRD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW York Bo-
TANICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: The number of new members who have
qualified is 166. The number of annual members is now
1327; life members, 126; sustaining members, 18.

Of the annual members 60 are now in arrears for dues for
1923, 25 for dues for 1922 and 1923, 14 for dues for 1921,
1922 and 1923.

Dues have been collected to the amount of $13,110.

One person has qualified as a fellow for life by the pay-
ment of $1000, and seven persons as life members by the
payment of $250 each. These sums have been transmitted
to the treasurer.

A complete list of all classes of members to date is here-
with submitted.

BENEFACTORS

*Mrs. Fanny Bridgham,
*Hon. Addison Brown,
*Andrew Carnegie,
Columbia University
*Hon. Charles P. Daly,
Daniel Guggenheim,
Murry Guggenheim,

Oakes Ames,

*Miss Catherine A. Bliss,

Dr. N. L. Britton,
*Hon. Addison oe
*Andrew Carne

*Mrs. George Whitfield Collord,

*Mrs. Louisa Combe,
*James M. Constable,
*William E. Dodge,
James B. Ford,

* Deceased
16

*D. O. Mills,

*J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.,
John D. Rockefeller,
*Mrs. Russell Sage,
*Francis Lynde Stetson,
*Cornelius Vanderbilt.

PATRONS

*George J. Gould,
Edward S. Harkness,
*Mrs. Esther Herrman,
Archer M. Huntington,

*Henry Iden,

Mrs. John Innes Kane,
*John Stewart Kennedy,
*Mrs. Mary J. Kingsland,
*J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr.,

*Oswald Ottendorfer,

*Lowell M. Palmer,
*William Rockefeller,
*William R. Sands,
*William C. Schermerhorn,
*James A. Scrymser,

(230)

Mrs. Finley J. Shepard,
*Samuel Sloan,
*Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson,
*W. K. Vanderbilt,

Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood.

FELLOWS FOR LIFE

Edward D. Adams,
George F. Baker,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting,
Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
James B. Ford,

Daniel Guggenheim,
Murry Guggenheim,

S. R. Guggenheim,
William Halls Jr,

Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness,

Mrs. John Stewart Kennedy,
Mrs. Frederic S. Lee,

Ogden Mills,

J. P. Morgan,

E. A. Richard,

Mrs. John A. Roebling,
Mortimer L. Schiff,

Leon Schinasi,

Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes,
Charles G. Thompson,

Louis C. Tiffany,

Tiffany & Company.

LirE MEMBERS

Edward D. Adams,

Dr. Felix Adler,

Mrs. James Herman Aldrich,
Dr. S. T. Armstrong,
Edward W. C. Arnold,

Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss,
Samuel D. Babcock,

Dr. John Hendley Barnhart,
George D. Barron,

Aurel Batonyi,

Gustav Baumann,

Samuel R. Betts,

William G. Bibb,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss,
George Blumenthal,

G. T. Bonner,

Mrs. Addison Brown,

J. Hull Browning,

* Deceased

Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,
T. Morris Carnegie,
Frank R. Chambers,
Hugh J. Chisholm,

Hugh J. Chisholm, Jr.,
Geo. C. Clark,

Banyer Clarkson,

Dr. James B. Clemens,
William F. Cochran,

W. R. Coe,

William Colgate,

Miss Georgette T. A. Collier,
W. E. Conner,

Mrs. F. A. Constable,

R. N. Cranford,

Melville C. Day

Charles Deering,

Mrs. John Ross Delafield,
Maturin L. Delafield,

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W. B. Dickerman, Edgar L. Marston,
Miss Josephine W. Drexel, William J. Matheson,
Miss Ethel DuBois, C. W. McAlpin,
William A. DuBois, Emerson McMillin,
George E. Dunscombe, Dr. George N. Miller,
Thomas Dwyer, A. G. Mills,

George Ehret, Mrs. William F. Milton,
Ambrose K. Ely, Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Dr. John F. Erdmann, Newbold Morris,
Edward J. Farrell, Sigmund Neustadt,
Marshall Field, A. Lanfear Norrie,

Mrs. H. J. Fisher, Gordon Norrie,

Andrew Fletcher, George M. Olcott,
Charles R. Flint, Mrs. Charles Tyler Olmstead,
Eugene G. Foster, William Church Osborn,
Mrs. John French, W.H. Perkins,

Childs Frick, Curt G. Pfeiffer,

Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs, Gustavus A. Pfeiffer,
Daniel Guggenheim, M. Taylor Pyne,
Bernard G. Gunther, John J. Riker,

Franklin L. Gunther, J. C. Rodgers,

Charles J. Harrah, Thomas F. Ryan,

Dr. Louis Haupt, Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,
R. Somers Hayes, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,
Archer M. Huntington, Edward C. Schaefer,
Frank D. Hurtt, Mortimer L. Schiff,
James H. Hyde, Mrs. I. Blair Scribner,
Mrs. Columbus ‘oO’ D. Iselin, George Sherman,

Dr. Walter B. James, James Shewan,

Miss Annie B. Jennings, James Speyer,

Mrs. David J. Kelley, Miss Ellen J. Stone,
Nathaniel T. Kidder, Albert Tag,

H. R. Kunhardt, Paul G. Thebaud,

W. B. Kunhardt, Charles G. Thompson,
Charles Lanier, Robert M. Thompson,
W. V. Lawrence, William Thorne,

Mrs. George Lewis, William Stewart Todd,
Joseph Loth, Oswald W. Uhl,
William H. Macy, Jr., Miss Anna Murray Vail,

Louis Marshall, F. T. Van Beuren,

Mrs. C. Vanderbilt,

F. M. Warburg,

John I. Waterbury,
Miss Emily A. Watson,

(232)

S. D. Webb,
Dr. W. Seward Webb,
John D. Wing,

Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Robert Breckinridge Baird,
Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Miss Mary T. Bryce,
Homer A. Dunn,

John Greenough,

Mrs. E. V. C. Hawkes,

O. H. Kahn,

George Grant Mason,
Arthur M. Mitchell,
William Church Osborn,
William H. Porter,

Mrs. James T. Pyle,
Prof. J. E. Spingarn,
William R. Stewart,

Mrs. Frida Merz Krollpfeiffer, Charles Strauss,

Edgar L. Marston,

Arthur Hays Sulzburger.

ANNUAL MEMBERS

Dr. Robert Abbe,
Benjamin Abert,

Fritz Achelis,

John Achelis,

C. E. Adams,

Mrs. Elbridge L. Adams,
F. B. Adams,

Henry S. Adams,
Maurice D. Adams,
Mrs. George B. Agnew,
J. E. Aldred,

Mrs. Winthrop W. Aldrich,

Sir Douglas Alexander, Bart.,

Mrs. Frederick Allen,
James F. Allen,

Philip Allen,

Mrs. S. W. Allerton,

Mrs. O. P. Amend,

Mrs. Copley Amory,

P. Chauncey Anderson,

J. M. Andreini,

Miss Charlotte L. Andrews,
D. A. Ansbacher,

Mrs. John F. Archbold,
Mrs. George A. Archer,
Francis J. Arend,
Reuben Arkush,

Mrs. H. O. Armour,
Dr. William Aronstein,
B. M. Asch,

Mrs. M. Ascher,

E. Asiel,

Dr. John Aspell,

Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss,
Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr.
John W. Auchincloss,
Chellis A. Austin,
Ledyard Avery,
Charles F. Ayer,

Frank L. Babbott,
Jules S. Bache,

Charles Baird,

Miss Charlotte S. Baker,
George F. Baker,
Stephen Baker,

Albert H. Baldwin,

A. T. Baldwin,
Frederick H. Baldwin,
George V. N. Baldwin, Jr.,
William D. Baldwin,
Edward L. Ballard,
Chris Bambach,

Louis Bamberger,

Mrs. James L. Barclay,
Percival M. Barker,
William M. Barnum,
Clarence W. Barron,
Miss Mary F. Bartlett,
Mrs. H. G. Bartol,
John E. Bates,

Mrs. A. Battin,

Mrs. Martha Battle,
Felice Bava,

Mrs. L. P. Bayne,
Jeremiah Beall,

John D. Beals,

Lewis Bechtold,

Mrs. Margeret B. Becker,
Frank Begrisch, Jr.,
Mrs. A. Frederick Behre,
Dr. Otto F. Behrend,
Frank N. Bell,

Louis V. Bell,

William B. Bell,

A. Beller,

August Belmont,

Alex. Benecke,

Mrs. W. W. Benjamin,
J. Philip Benkard,
Bruno Benziger,

Mrs. Charles F. Berger,
E. R. T. Berggren,

Dr. Alice R. Bernheim,
Issac J. Bernheim,
Charles L. Bernheimer,
Miss Rosie Bernheimer,

(233)

Philip Berolzheimer,
Edward J. Berwind,
George N. Best,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
Mrs. George Biddle,
Mrs. Sylvan Bier,
Nathan I. Bijur,
Samuel H. Bijur,
Raymond Bill,

C. K. G. Billings,
Cecil Billington,

Mrs. William H. Birchall,
James C. Bishop,
George H. Bissinger,
Mrs. Robert C. Black,
Frederick S. Blackall,
H. C. Blackiston,
Mrs. Dexter Blagden,
Mrs. Emmons Biaine,
Mrs. C. Ledyard Blair,
J. Insley Blair,
Isidore Blauner,

Mrs. Walter P. Bliss,
Mrs. M. J. Bluen,
Hugo Blumenthal,
Sidney Blumenthal,
Miss R. C. Boardman,
H. D. Bob,

Henry W. Boettger,
Robert Boettger,
Theodore Boettger,
William H. Bolton,
Mrs. Sydney C. Borg,
Louis Boury,

Miss Edith G. Bowdoin,
George T. Bowdoin,
George P. Bowman,
John McE. Bowman,

Miss Mabel Boyd,

Mrs. Jennie M. Breitenbach,
Mrs. E. N. Breitung,
Henry Kelly Brent,
George P. Brett,

Mrs. Benjamin Brewster,
George S. Brewster,
Hans V. Briesen,

John R. Brinley,

Mrs. Willard C. Brinton,
Jno. I. D. Bristol,

Miss H. Louise Britton,
Richard H. Britton,

Dr. Edward B. Bronson,
Bronx Hay & Grain Co.,
Mrs. H. D. Brookman,
Ernest C. Brower,

Miss Aneita D. Brown,
Charles Hilton Brown,
Dickson Q. Brown,
Edwin H. Brown,
Franklin Q. Brown,

Mrs. Franklin Q. Brown,
Mrs. Harold Brown,

M. Bayard Brown,

Mrs. Thatcher M. Brown,
Vernon C. Brown,

Mrs. J. Hull Browning,
M. Brukenfeld,

Charles E. Bryant,
Thomas B. Bryson,

Miss Emily Buch,

Miss Anna J. Buechner,
Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley,
Dr. L. Duncan Bulkley,
Dr. Edward S. Burgess,
Louis Burk,

Thomas Burkhard,

E. R. Burnett,

William J. Burns,

(234)

Algernon T. Burr,
William F. Burt,

Mrs. Wendell L. Bush,
Charles S. Butler,

Miss Emily O. Butler,
H. A. Caesar,

James P. Cahen,

E. T. Caldwell,

Prof. Otis W. Caldwell,
W. R. Callender,

Henry L. Calman,

H. H. Cammann,

Henry L. Cammann,
Mrs. Agnes D. Camp,
Mrs. John Campbell,

H. W. Cannon,

Mrs. Charles F, Cantine,
Harry Caplin,

Mrs. Lister Carlisle,

Mrs. George L. Carnegie,
Arthur L. Carns,

Mrs. Ernest T. Carter,
S. C. Cary,

George B. Case,

Miss Marian Roby Case,
Alvin C. Cass,

Miss Jennie R. Cathcart,
Robert M. Catts,

O. E. Chaney,

Norman Wilmer Chandler,
Mrs. Winthrop Chanler,
Miss Cornelia Van A. Chapin,
Miss Maria Bowen Chapin,
John Jay Chapman,
Miss Jessie Chase,

José Edward Chaves,

H. Durant Cheever,
Mrs. George L. Cheney,
Miss Mary Cheney,

Paul H. Cheney,

(235)

Geo. E. Chisholm,

B. Ogden Chisolm,
Mrs. Joseph H. Choate,
Miss Mabel Choate,
Mrs. Helen L. Chubb,
Percy Chubb,

Charles T. Church,
Richard N. L. Church,
Church of our Lady of Mercy,
John Claflin,

Mrs. Edward H. Clark,
F, Ambrose Clark,
Mrs. George Halford Clark,
Hon. W. A. Clark,
William Clark,

E, A. S. Clarke,

Lewis L. Clarke,
Albert Clayburgh,

G. D. Cochran,

Miss Mary T. Cockcroft,
C. A. Coffin,

Edmund Coffin,
William Edward Coffin,
E. W. Coggeshall,

H. Z. Cohen,

William N. Cohen,
William W. Cohen,

J. L. Coker,

Mrs. Rufus Cole,
Charles B. Colebrook,
Mrs. Lathrop Colgate,
William Colgate,
Barron G. Collier,

Mrs. Richard C, Colt,
Miss Mary Compton,
Martin Conboy,

T. G. Condon,

Stephen D. Conger,
Hermann Conheim,
Joseph Conners,

Mrs. E.:'C. Converse,

J. N. Conyngham,

Dr. Robert A. Cooke,
Arthur N. Cooley,
Marin LeBrun Cooper,
Mrs. Marin LeBrun Cooper,
Miss Louise I. Corell,

C. R. Corning,

H. C. Cornwall,

J. George Costello,

Mrs. Charles Henry Coster,
Mrs. Clarkson Cowl,

J. Howard Cowperthwait,
Miss Louise G. Crabbe,
Miss Lily C. Cram,
Charles R. Crane,
George F. Crane,

Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane,
William Crawford,

Miss Mary C. Crimmins,
Mrs. Thomas Crimmins,
George A. Crocker, Jr.,
Mrs. W. H. Crocker,
Rev. W. T. Crocker,
James W. Cromwell,
Miss Mary R. Cross,
Mrs. R. J. Cross,

W. Redmond Crass,

W. D. Crouch,

Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman,
Mrs. E. B. Currier,

B. A. Cushman,

R. Fulton Cutting,

Miss Eleanor De Graff Cuyler,

Jean de Saint Cyr,
Mrs. Chester Dale,
Frederic A. Dallett,
Mrs, Ira Davenport,
DeWitt A. Davidson,
J. Clarence Davies,

R. C. Davis,

Mrs. Thomas B. Davis,
Alvah Davison,

Mrs. Henry P. Davison,
Clarence S. Day,

Henry Dazien,

Henry L. de Forest,

Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
John F. Degener, Jr.,
Mrs. Carlos de Heredia,
Lyman Delano,

Moreau Delano,

William Adams Delano,
William C. DeLanoy,
Countess de Laugier-Villars,
Edwin H. Denby,

John B. Dennis,

Rev. H. M. Denslow,
William P. Deppe,

Walter D. Despard,
Julian F. Detmer,

Lee Deutsch,

Miss Harriet N. Devotion,
William G. De Witt

J. Henry Dick,

George H. Diehl,

Charles F. Dieterich,

H. O. Dill,

Miss Mary A. Dill,

Mrs. Alfred P. Dix,

Miss Gertrude Dodd,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge,
Edward I. Doheny,

L. W. Dommerich,

Otto L. Dommerich,
Gustave Donat,

Mrs. Ruger Donoho,
Charles Doscher,

(236)

Henry Doscher,

Mrs. Frank Nelson Doubleday,
Miss Elizabeth Douglas,
Mrs. George William Douglas,
Walter Douglas,

Joseph Dowd,

W. E. Dowd, Jr.,
ewe a
Tracy D

Mrs. B. FE Drakenfeld,
Miss Dorothea A. Dreier,
J. R. Drexel,

S. F. Dribben,

Isaac W. Drummond,
Mrs. Matthew B. DuBois,
F. L. Du Bosque,

Miss Elizabeth B. Dunlap,
H. F. du Pont,

Pierre S. du Pont,

Mrs. P. S. du Pont,

Mrs. T. Coleman du Pont,
William du Pont,

Miss Amy C. Duryee,

E. G. Duvall,

John E. Dwight,

Mrs. Winthrop Dwight,
Joseph N. Early,

Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton,
Mrs. Charles N. Edge,
Thomas C. Edmonds,
Mrs. J. S. Ehrich,

Mrs. Ernest Ehrmann,
Karl Eilers,

August Eimer,

William Einstein,

Max Eisman,

Martin Elkind,

Howard Elliott,

John S. Ellsworth,

Mrs. Walter Emmerich,

Miss Lydia F. Emmet,
Robert Temple Emmett,
Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons,
R. Erbsloh,

Albert J. Erdmann,

Miss Katherine V. Erving,

Henry Esberg,

Louis Ettlinger,
Miss Ellen J. Evans,
Jackson Evans,

Mrs. Ernesto Fabbri,
Eberhard Faber,

Harris Fahnestock,
Arthur S. Fairchild,
Benjamin T. Fairchild,
Charles S. Fairchild,
Samuel W. Fairchild,
Mrs. Max Farrand,
Mrs. Francis C. Farwell,
Dr. St. George Fechtig,
Leo Feist,

Louis Ferguson,
William C. Ferguson,
Mansfield Ferry,

Frank H. Filley,

Oliver Filley,

Simon Finck,

Frederick T. Fisher,
Benjamin F. Fitch,
Mrs. Benson Flagg,
Harry Harkness Flagler,
Horace C. Flanigan,
Julius Fleischmann,
Fred T. Fleitmann,
Edward H. Floyd-Jones,
James B. A. Fosburgh,
Theodore Foulk,

Robert L. Fowler, Jr.,

(237)

Frederick P. Fox,
Mrs. Irma J. Fox,
Mrs. M. J. Fox,

Mrs. William Fox,
Joseph S. Frank,
David J. Frankel,

R. A. Franks,

Miss Jane K. Fraser,
Miss S. Grace Fraser,
William A. Fraser,
Mrs. Leopold Frederick,

Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen,

Mrs. Childs Frick,

A. S. Frissell,

John W. Frothingham,
John H. Fry,

E. A. Funke,

Eugenio Galban,
Albert Gallatin,

Miss Louise Galle,
George F. Gantz,

Mrs. Lindley M. Garrison,
Francis P. Garvin,

Mrs. Walter Geer,

Fred P. Geyer,

R. W. Gibson,

Prof. William J. Gies,
Mrs. William J. Gies,

R. L. Giffen,

J. Waldron Gillespie,
Mrs. Bernard F. Gimbel,
John .M. Glenn,

Mrs. E. D. Godfrey,
Harold Godwin,

Mrs. Mary R. Goelet,
Julius Goldman,

Dr. Alfred N. Goldsmith,
Frederick Goldsmith,
Jonah J. Goldstein,
Abraham L. Goldstone,

Mrs. M. L. Goldstone,
Philip J. Goodhart,
James C. Goodrich,
Philip L. Goodwin,

Miss Gertie E. Gorman,
Charles A. Gould,

Edwin Gould,

Joseph W. Grant,

Miss Eleanor M. Greacen,
Henry E. Gregory,

Mrs. John Gribbel,

Hon. Anthony J. Griffin,
Charles E. Griffin,

W. V. Griffin,

Miss Margarette E. Griffith,
Miss Susan D. Griffith,
E. Morgan Grinnell,
George Bird Grinnell,
William C. Gruner,

A. M. Guinzburg,
Archibald A. Gulick,
William D. Guthrie,

John Harrison Gutterson,
Miss Edith Haas,

John A. Hadden, Jr.,
Harrison H. Hallett,

Mrs. Charles W. Halsey,
William Hamann,

L. Gordon Hamersley,
Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton,
John W. Hamilton,

Mrs. William P. Hamilton,
Mrs. Harry L. Hamlin,
Lyman P. Hammond,
Walter Hampden,
Ferdinand Hansen,
Vivian Harcourt,

Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh,
J. Montgomery Hare,

E. S. Harkness,

(238)

Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness,
Miss Josephine T. Harriot,
George A. Harris,

Dr. Allis F. Hascall,
Joshua A. Hatfield,

Dr. Louis Hauswirth,

T. A. Havemeyer,

J. Woodward Haven,
Carroll Hayes,

Miss Irene Hayes,

Miss Caroline C. Haynes,
David S. Hays,

Rowland Hazard,

Mrs. R. G. Hazard,

Mrs. W. R. Hearst,
William W. Heaton,

Job E. Hedges,

David Helier,

Henry Hellman,

Mrs. George A. Helme,
Hancke Hencken,
Charles Henderson,

Mrs. E. C. Henderson,
Harmon W. Hendricks,
Philip W. Henry,

Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Henry S. Herman,
B. F. Hermann,

Frank J. Hermes,

W. L. Hernstadt,

Samuel A. Herzog,

Mrs. Cooper Hewitt,

H. H. Hewitt,

Mrs. David M. Heyman,
Henry Hicks,

Mrs. James J. Higginson,
George Washington Hill,
Hugh Hill,

Mrs. James Norman Hill,
Mrs. Robert Hill,

Miss Anne Hinchman

Mrs. Frederic Delano ‘Hitch,
Harold K. Hochschild,
Anton G. Hodenpy],

Miss Eleanor Hodges,
Richard M. Hoe,

Mrs. Richard March Hoe,
Mrs. Robert Hoe,

Miss Mary U. Hoffman,
Bernhard Hoffmann,

Mrs. Bernhard Hoffmann,
Mrs. Edward Holbrook,
John Swift Holbrook,
Dean Hawley Holden,
Mrs. Carl F. Holmes,
George C. Holt,

A. Holzman,

Elkan Holzman,

(239)

H. D. Hutchins,

Mrs. Edward F. Hutton,
Frank DeK. Huyler,

A. F. Hyde,

Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde,
Courtney Hyde,

Henry St. John Hyde,
A. G. Imhof,

Mrs. F. N. ea
Edwin W. Insl

International Children" s School

Farm League,
Adrian Iselin, Jr.,
C. Oliver Iselin,
Miss Georgine Iselin,
Lewis Iselin,
William E. Iselin,
Mrs. William E. Iselin,

Mrs. Elon Huntington Hooker,Miss Flora E. Isham,

Charles H. Hoole,

Mrs. George B. Hopkins,
Ernest Hopkinson,
Frederick B. House,

C. J. Housman,

Richard F. Howe,

M. D. Howell,

Mrs. Henry E. Howland,
John Sherman Hoyt,
Miss V. S. Hoyt,

Lewis McB. Hubbard,
Walter C. Hubbard,
Mrs. Anna Huber,
Conrad Hubert,

Mrs. Marjorie V. !. Hudson,

Mrs. W. A. Hungerford,
Mrs. Thomas Hunt,
Arthur M. Hunter,
Mrs. H. E. Huntington,
Mrs. R. P. Huntington,
Dr. Lee M. Hurd,

Paul A. Isler,
A. C. Israel,
Frederick W. Jackson,
Samuel K. Jacobs,
John S. Jacobus,
Dr. Leopold Jaches,

. C. James,
Mrs. Arthur Curtis James,
Mrs. Wortham James,
E. C. Jameson,
Miss Martha A. Jamison,
Mrs. Alfred Jaretzki,
Alfred W. Jenkins,
O. G. Jennings,
Walter Jennings,
George S. Jephson,
Mrs. Bradish Johnson,
Gilbert H. Johnson,
J. Herbert Johnston,
Francis C. Jones,
Rodney Wilcox Jones,

Mrs. Townsend Jones,
Louis M. Josephthal,
Henry M. Kahle,

Felix E. Kahn,

Louis Kahn,

H. Kamber,

Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Frank E. Karelsen, Jr.,
Mrs. F W. Kavenaugh,
Mrs. Charles Kaye,
Mrs. H. F. Kean,
John J. Kearns,

Mrs. Frank Browne Keech,

Henry F. Keil,
William W. Kelchner,
Nicholas Kelley,
Prof. J. F. Kemp,

Mrs. H. Van Resselaer Kennedy,

Mrs. John S. Kennedy,

Miss Martha M. Kennerly,

David Keppel,
Rudolph Keppler,
W. Kern,

John B. Kerr,

Mrs. Charles W. Keyes,
Emil L. Kieger,
Edward Kiem,

S. E. Kilner,

Van Evrie Kilpatrick,
Darwin P. Kingsley,
Morris Kinney,

Warren Kinney,

W. Ruloff Kip,

Dr. William B. Kirkham,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
D. Emil Klein,

Mrs. Charles P. Kling,
E. C. Klipstein,

Julius Klugman,

Dr. Arnold Knapp,

(240)

Roland F. Knoedler,
Alexander Konta,
Lucius T. Koons,

Dr. Samuel J. Kopetsky,
Arthur Korth,

Richard G. Krueger,
George F. Kumpf,

Dr. George F. Kunz,

A. H. Kursheedt,
Anthony R. Kuser,
Adolf Kuttroff,

Stanley V. La Dow,
Mrs. James L. Laidlaw,
Mrs. Samuel W. Lambert,
Mrs. J. H. Lancashire,
Dr. Samuel H. Lanchner,
Francis G. Landon,

Mrs. Valeria Langeloth,
Aaron Langstadter,

Mrs. John J. Lapham,
Lewis H. Lapham,
Henry G. F. Lauten,
John Burling Lawrence,

Mrs. Vernona M. Spencer Layng,

Henry Goddard Leach,
Mrs. George Leary,

Lederle Antitoxin Laboratories,

Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Dr. Marguerite T. Lee,
Marshall C. Lefferts,
George Legg,

James M. Lehmaier,

S. M. Lehman,

Miss Maud Aguilar Leland,
Dr. L. M. Lesser,
George Levi,

Edmund J. Levine,

B. E. Levy,

Louis S. Levy,

Adolph Lewisohn,

Miss Alice Lewisohn,
Mrs. Allan Lexow,

Dr. Charles C. Lieb,

E. K. Lincoln,

Mrs. Frederic W. Lincoln,
Henry D. Lindsley,
Abraham Lipke,

Arthur H. Lippincott,
Frederick J. Lisman,

Miss Alma L. Lissberger,
Lucius N. Littauer,
Siegfried Littauer,

Mrs. John R. Livermore,
Miss Anna P. Livingston,
Henry S. Livingston,
Mrs. Francis G. Lloyd,
Mrs. William C. Lobenstine,
Mrs. Frederick R. Lockwood,
Manuel Lopez,

Lord & Burnham Co.,

P. Lorillard, Jr.,

Mrs. A. A. Low,
Ethelbert I. Low,

Mrs. Seth Low,

James B. Lowell,

A. S. Lowenberg,

Mrs. Clarence M. Lowes,
Dr. Alzamon Ira Lucas,
C. G. Lueder,

E. L. Lueder,

William M. Lybrand,

J. M. Richardson Lyeth,
Miss Grace G. Lyman,
James B. Mabon,

Mrs. John MacCurdy,

C. K. MacFadden,
Clarence H. Mackay,
Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
Mrs. Charles F. MacLean,
V. Everit Macy,

(241)

F. Robert Mager,

J. H. Maghee,

Dr. M. O. Magid,
Miss Helaine Magnus,
Pierre Mali,

L. William Malone,
Dr. Morris Manges,

J. G. C. Mantle,

Miss Delia W. Marble,
John Markle,

Mrs. John Markle,
Alfred E. Marling,
Otto Maron,

Mrs. Allan Marquand,
Mrs. Henry Marquand,
John B. Marsh,

0
William J. Matheson,
George O. May,
Harry Mayer,
Mrs. R. de L. Mayer,
Dr. D. H. McAlpin,
George McAneny,
T. T. McCabe,
George V. A. McCloskey,
Henry Forbes McCreery,
Mrs. Alfred McEwen,
Edward A. MclIllhenny,
Tompkins Mcllvaine,
Henry P. McKenney,
John A. McKim,
W. A. McLaren,
Mrs. James McLean,
Edward F. McManus,
Mrs. Clarence F. McMurray,
William McNair,
B. Frank Mebane,
Mrs. T. M. R. Meikleham,
Morton H. Meinhard,

(242)

Mrs. William R. Mercer, Edwin H. Mulford,
Henry H. Merriam, Carl Muller,

John L. Merrill, John P. Munn,

I. J. Merritt, Frank A. Munsey,
William F. Meschenmoser, Miss Adeliza Morton Murphy,
Herman A. Metz, G. M. P. Murphy,
Charles G. Meyer, Fred A. Muschenheim,
Eugene Meyer, Jr., George A. Mussmann,
Mrs. Albert G. Milbank, William S. Myers,

John G. Milburn, Rudloph W. Mylius,
Miss Mary G. Millett, Mme. Elie Nadelman,
Mrs. Regina V. G. Millhiser, Dr. I. L. Nascher,

Mrs. Gerrish Milliken, Harold Nathan,

Dr. Adelaide Mills, National Association, Boards of
Alexander S. Mitchell, Pharmacy,

Mrs. John Murray Mitchell, A. G. Nesbitt,

R. Milton Mitchill, Jr., Mrs. Russell H. Nevins,
H. de La Montagne, Jr., Miss Edith Newbold,

C. D. Montague, Frederic R. Newbold,
Carleton Montgomery, George D. Nicholas,
Mrs. H. E. Montgomery, Mrs. Acosta Nichols,
Robert H. Montgomery, William B. Nichols,
Barrington Moore, Mrs. William G. Nichols,
Clement Moore, William H. Nichols,

J. C. Moore, Mrs. Benjamin Nicoll,
Miss Katherine T. Moore, William Nilsson,

Mrs. Paul Moore, Dr. Charles Norris,
Watson S. Moore, George Notman,

Victor Morawetz, Howard ed

Miss Anne Morgan, Miss Dorothy

Miss C. L. Morgan, George W shington Ochs Oakes,
E. D. Morgan, Morgan J. O’Brien,

Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr., Percy J. O’Brien,

Mrs. Pierpont Morgan, Mrs. Adolph Obrig,

Wm. Fellowes Morgan, Adolph S. Ochs,

Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris, John Offerman,

Dwight W. Morrow, Mrs. Ponsonby Ogle,
Henry C. Mott, P. M. Ohmeis,

Mrs. John B. Mott, Miss Catherine Okie,

Frank J. Muhlfeld, E. E. Olcott,

Miss Mary Olcott,
Elam Ward Olney,
Robert Olyphant,
John B. O'Reilly,
William C. Orr,

Prof. Henry F. Osborn,

Mrs. William Church Osborn,

Charles K. Ovington,
Homer S. Pace,

Miss Elizabeth H. Packard,
Frederick Page Co.,

Mrs. Augustus G. Paine,
Henry Parish,

Junius Parker,

Winthrop Parker,
Charles W. Parsons,
Mrs. Edgerton Parsons,
Miss Gertrude Parsons,
Herbert Parsons,

Mrs. Joseph Parsons,
Mrs. J. Graham Parsons,
Miss Mary Parsons,

T. H. Hoge Patterson,
Mrs. Foster Paul,

Mrs. Horace E. Payson,
Mrs. Charles A. Peacock,
Mrs. Frederick Pearson,
Charles E. Peck,

Dr. Charles H. Peck,
William Halsey Peck,
Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham,
Dr. James Pedersen,
Mrs. Sarah G. T. Pell,
B. Henry Pelzer,
Edmund Penfold,

J. C. Penney Foundation,
Miss Hattie W. Perkins,
Mrs. F. A. C. Perrine,

W. R. Peters,
Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson,

(243)

Walter Peterson,
Carl Schurz Petrasch,
Mrs. William C. Peyton,
Arthur Pforzheimer,
Carl H. Pforzheimer,
Walter Pforzheimer,
Michael F. Phelan,
Mrs. Sheffield Phelps,
Henry Phipps,

Lloyd Phoenix,
Henry Clay Pierce,
Winslow S. Pierce,

Mrs. R. Stuyvesant Pierrepont,

J. Fred Pierson,

Mrs. J. O. H. Pitney,
Mrs. Frank H. Platt,
John Platt,

Edward Plaut,

Alfred F. Poggenburg,
Miss R. A. Polhemus,
Frank L. Polk,

Miss Florence L. Pond,
Charles Lane Poor,

E. W. Poor,

Mrs. James Harper Poor,
James E. Pope,
Alexander J. Porter,
Mrs. Henry Kirke Porter,
Abram S. Post,

Miss Blanche Potter,
Mrs. Frank H. Potter,
Rev. Dr. William Prall,
Mrs. C. H. Pratt,

Mrs. Herbert Lee Pratt,
John Pratt,

John T. Pratt,

Mrs. L. B. Preston,
Edgar S. Pretzfeld,
Julius Prince,

R. L. Pritchard,

Elias W. Pulaski,

Mrs. Kate Davis Pulitzer,
H. St. Clair Putman,
Miss Eva C. Putney,
Robert Pyle,

Percy R. Pyne,
Charles F. Quincy,

I. A. Rabinow,
Samuel Raisler,

S. E. Ramsdell,
Stanley Ranger,
William T. Rasmus,
G. B. Raymond,

H. E. Raymond,
George W. Raynes,
Mrs. Henry R. Rea,
Mrs. William A. Read,
Robert C. Ream,

Mrs. Louis Reckford,
Miss Emily Redmond,
Henry H. Reed,

C. Edward Reid,

John Reid,

William Rennult,
Samuel W. Reyburn,
Mrs. E. S. Reynal,
Mrs. H. Newell Reynolds,
Thomas A. Reynolds,
Miss N. Rhoades,
Miss Elvine Richard,
Oscar L. Richard,
Ellis G. Richards,

E. O. Richards,

Mrs. Thomas Richardson,
Isaac Ricklin,

Mrs. Robert Ridgway,
Dr. Abraham Rieger,
William J. Riker,

Dr. A. I. Ringer,

Dr. William C. Rives,

(244)

Miss Emeline Roach,
Mrs. Charles H. Roberts,
Miss G. Van B. Roberts,
Irving Bruce Roberts,
Miss Jennette Robertson,
Louis J. Robertson,

A. G. Robinson,

Mrs. Douglas Robinson,
Mrs. Edward Robinson,
Mrs. Monroe D. Robinson,
Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
Percy A. Rockefeller,
Nash Rockwood,

Albert J. Roe,

John Roger,

Hubert E. Rogers,

A. J. Rolle,

W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Hon. Elihu Root,

Miss Rosalie Rosenberg,
Henry C. Ross,

Jacob Rossbach,

Peter W. Rouss,

W. A. Rowan,

C. H. Ruddock,

Louis Ruhl,

Justus Ruperti,

Jacob Ruppert,
Frederick K. Rupprecht,
Miss M. L. Russell,
John Barry Ryan,
William J. Ryan,

Arthur Ryle,

Miss Julia Ryle,

Harry Sachs,

Samuel Sachs,

Mrs. Walter J. Salmon,
Charles E. Sampson,
Mitchell Samuels,

Philip C. Samuels,

H. Sanhagen,

F. A. Sarg,

Miss G. W. Sargent,
Emilie L. Sarter,

Herbert L. Satterlee,

Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee,

Mrs. Thomas E. Satterthwaite,

Mrs. Theodore Sattler,

Oliver H. Sawyer,

Hermann Schaaf,

Frederick Miiller Schall,

Jacob Schapiro,

John Scheepers,

Anton Schefer,

Mrs. H. M. Schieffelin,

Dr. William J. Schieffelin,

Charles A. Schieren,

Gustave H. Schiff,

Miss Jane E. Schmelzel,

D. Schnakenberg,

Berthold Schnee,

Harry Schneider,

Henrich Schniewind, Jr.,

Carl Schoen,

W. D. Scholle,

Mrs. Anthony Schulte,

Richard Schuster,

B. Schutz,

Mrs. C. Albert Schwab,

C. M. Schwab,

Miss Emily Schwab,

Miss Marion Scofield,

Walter Scott,

Miss Grace Scoville,

Herbert Scoville,

Robert Scoville,

Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner,

Edward M. Scudder,

Mrs. Joseph H. Seaman,
17

(245)

Alonzo B. See,
Prof. Edwin R. A. Seligman,
Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman,
Jefferson Seligman,
Mrs. Norrie Sellar,
E. W. Sells,
Mrs. Charles H. Senff,
Frederick W. Senff,
Alfred Seton,
John S. Seymour,
Frank G. Shattuck,
Mrs. William F. Sheehan,
Dr. William H. Sheldon,
Finley J. Shepard,
Mrs. Charles E. Sheppard,
David Shiman,
S. W. Shipway,
George W. Short,
Frank R. Shull,
Hiram W. Sibley,
Mrs. J. Siegel,
Samuel M. Siegman,
Benjamin F. Simmons,
Charles H. Simmons,
2 L. Simmons,

H. L. Simmons,
Alfred L. Simon,
Franklin Simon,
Horace E. Simon,
Robert E. Simon,
Theodore E. Simon,
Mrs. Roswell Skeel, Jr.,
Francis Louis Slade,
Ralph E. Slaven,
Benson B. Sloan,
Samuel Sloan,
Thomas W. Slocum,
Thomas Smidt,
Daniel Smiley,
Charles R. Smith,

(246)

Mrs. Charles Herbert Smith,
Mrs. Charles Stewart Smith,
E. C. Smith,

Miss Fanny A. Smith,
James B. Smith,

J. Milton Smith,

Dr. Nelson Smith,

Pierre J. Smith,

Mrs. R. Penn Smith, Jr.,
Mrs. Christopher D. Smithers,
B. E. Smythe,

Frederick Snare,

E. G. Snow,

Frederic A. Soldwedel,
Phineas Sondheim,

William M. Spackman,

Mrs. H. B. Spalding,

Mrs. Edward W. Sparrow,
K. B. Spencer,

Mrs. Gino C. Speranza,
Mrs. B. G. Spiegelberg,

Dr. Edward H. Squibb,

A. T. Stanley,

Howard W. Starr,

Mrs. J. Rich Steers,

Mrs. Mary P. Eno Steffanson,
Louis Steinam,

Fred T. Steinway,

William R. Steinway,

Olin J. Stephens,

Roderick Stephens,
Benjamin Stern,

Sereno Stetson,

Edward R. Stettinius,

Mrs. Byam K. Stevens,
Clarence S. Stevens,
Frederic W. Stevens,
Lispenard Stewart,

Chauncy Stillman,

C. C. Stillman,

Miss Clara F. Stillman,
Ralph George Stoddard,
Alfred W. Stone,

Mrs. Charles H. Stout,
Mrs. Willard Straight,
Mrs. C. I. Stralem,

H. Grant Straus,

Mrs. Nathan Straus, Jr.,
Roger W. Straus,
Albert Strauss,
Frederick Strauss,
Martin Strauss,

Samuel Strauss,

Mrs. William Strauss,
William H. Strawn,

Dr. George T. Strodl,
Mrs. Gustaf Stromberg,
Benjamin Strong, Jr.,

Richard A. Strong,
Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Joseph Stroock,

Louis S. Stroock,
Duncan Struthers,
Frank K. Sturgis,

Mrs. James Sullivan,
Frank M. Swacker,
Harry Swan,

Mrs. J. Andrew Swan,
Maurice Switzer,

Miss Mary Taber,
Henry W. Taft,

Mrs. E. T. H. Talmage,
Charles G. Taylor,
Henry R. Taylor,

Dr. Richard A. Taylor,
W. A. Taylor,

Ty. L. Terrell,

Mrs. John T. Terry,

Mrs. Thomas Thacher,

Mrs. Hector W. Thomas,
Mrs. Howard L. Thomas,
Percival Thomas,

L. S. Thompson,

William B. Thompson,

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,
Miss Evelyn May Thomson,
Samuel Thorne, Jr.,
Sherman Thursby,

Louis C. Tiffany,

Henry N. Tifft,

Dr. Walter Timme,

R. H. Timmermann,
James Timpson,

Mrs. Norman E. Titus,
Rev. E. P. Tivnan, S. J.,
Mrs. Margaret T. Tjader,
J. Kennedy Tod,

Edward R. Tolfree,

Nesib Trabulsi,

W. C. Tragesor,

Mrs. Heaton Ives Treadway,
Mrs. John B. Trevor,

John Trounstine,

E. Kellogg Trowbridge,
Carll Tucker,

Paul Tuckerman,

Dr. Joseph Tunik,
Edward Turnbull,
George E, Turnure,
Mrs. Mary A. Tuttle,
Mrs. Charles H. Tweed,
Mrs. Alice B. Tweedy,
E. S. Twining,

Lucien H. Tyng,

(247)

August Uhl,

Mrs. Walter M. Underhill,
Mrs. Henry C. Valentine,
Miss Marguerite E. Valentine,
James J. Van Alen,

Augustus Van Cortlandt,
Barend van Gerbig,

John B. Van Haelen,

Mrs. Stephen G. Van Hoesen,
Miss Anne H. Van Ingen,
Prof. Gilbert van Ingen,

Mrs. Harriet van Ingen,

Dr. Philip Van Ingen,

Mrs. Warner M. Van Norden,
Mrs. E. van Raalte,

Mrs. Wilbur Linwood Varian,
Mrs. James M. Varnum,
Mrs. A. C. Veatch,

Thomas F. Vietor,

Alfonso P. Villa,

G. B. Vitelli,

Ludwig Vogelstein,

Mrs. Owen M. Voight,

Dr. S. Wachsmann,
Montgomery Waddell,

Mrs. W. Austin Wadsworth,
Mrs. J. Howard Wainwright,
Justus I. Wakelee,

Dr. Alfred Walker,

Mrs. Joseph Walker, Jr.,
William I. Walker,

Mrs. W. K. Wallbridge,
Alfred Wallerstein,

Leo Wallerstein,

Dr. Max Wallerstein,

Mrs. James W. Walsh,
William I. Walter,

Artemus Ward,

A. L. D. Warner,

Mrs. Charles Howard Warren,

Mrs. John I. Waterbury,
C. W. Watson,

Mrs. J. E. Watson,
Harry Wearne,

Mrs. E. H. Weatherbee,
Mrs. V. Webb,

Mrs. W. Seward Webh,
Miss Alice D. Weekes,
R. L. Wegel,

Dr. Eugene Wehmeyer,
George A. Weigel,
Charles H. Weigle,

Mrs. Charles Weiss,

S. J. Weiss,

Mrs. Samuel W. Weiss,
Mrs. John Wells,

Oliver J. Wells,

William Y. Wemple,
Arthur L. Wessell,

Miss Edith Wetmore,
Mrs. George C. Wheeler,
Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock,
Miss Caroline White,
Mrs. E. Lawrence White,
Harold T. White,

Mrs. William T. White,
Alfred A. Whitman,
Clarence Whitman,
Mrs. Arnold Whitridge,
Miss Joan Whitridge,
Howard Whittemore,

F. B. Wiborg,

Mrs. D. O. Wickham,
Walter R. Wilder,
Ernest J. Wile,

Irwin Wile,

William G. Willcox,
Elmore A. Willets,

Mrs. Percy H. Williams,
Richard H. Williams,

(248)

William H. Williams,

W. P. Willis,

James R. Williston,

Mrs. L. K. Wilmerding,
Frank D. Wilsey,

Prof. Edmund B. Wilson,
Dr. Margaret B. Wilson,
M. Orme Wilson,

Orme Wilson Jr.,

Charles A. Wimpfheimer,
Harold Wingate,

Bronson Winthrop,
Grenville L. Winthrop,
Mrs. Robert Winthrop,
John C. Wister,

Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee,
Joseph Wittman,

Dr. William H. Woglom,
Fred R. Wolff,

Lewis S. Wolff,

M. Wolff,

Mrs. T. Wolfson,

Mrs. William H. Woodin,
Dr. John Woodman,
Prof. R. S. Woodward,
Park M. Woolley,

Mrs. I. Maurice Wormser,
Miss Julia Wray,

Mrs. J. Hood Wright,
Richardson Wright,
Gustave A. Wuefel,

Dr. Peter B. Wyckoff,
Mrs. A. Murray Young,
Owen D. Young,

Mrs. Cornelius A. Zabriskie,
George A. Zabriskie,
Henry C. Zaro,

Mrs. Anna M. von Zedlitz,
Charles H. Zehnder,
Albert G, Zimmermann,

August Zinsser,
Charles Zoller,

(249)

Henry Zuckerman.

MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL

Mrs. George A. Armour,
Mrs. Robert Bacon,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. N. L. Britton,

Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey,
Miss Elizabeth Hamilton,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Robert C. Hill,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Bradish Johnson,
Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
Mrs. Frederic S. Lee,
Mrs. A. A. Low,

Mrs. V. Everit Macy,

HONORARY MEMBERS

Mrs. E. Henry Harriman,
Mrs. John I. Kane,

Mrs. Pierre Mali,

Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice,
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. William A. Read,
Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Samuel Sloan,

Mrs. Theron G, Strong,
Mrs. Edw. T. H. Talmage,
Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
Mrs. John T. Terry,

Mrs. W. Gilman Thompson,
Mrs. George Cabot Ward.
Mrs. F. de R. Wissman.

OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL

Mrs. James A. Scrymser,
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes.

(250)
REPORT OF THE TREASURER

New York, JANUARY 14, 1924
To THE BoarD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW York Bo-
TANICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: J transmit herewith the Treasurer’s Report
from January Ist, to December 3Ist, 1923, showing a
statement of the receipts and disbursements.

Respectfully submitted,
JouHn L. MERRILL,

Treasurer
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
Receipts

Balance January 1, 1923...........2 eee eens $20,648.51
Income from General Investments............. 19,287.50
Income from Investment Sage Fund...... ee 36,748.50
Endowment Fund for Science and Education... 8,375.00
Contributions from New York City............ 169,724.13
C. B. Robinson Memorial Fund.. ........... 49.10
Income from Special Funds

Special Trust Fund.......... $255.00

Mills Fund............. ae 6.00

D. Lydig Fund............. 3,526.46

Stokes Fund................ 17.40

C. B. Robinson Memorial Fund 10.00

Sage Fund... .... ......... 100.00 3,914.86
Contributions

Publication Fund............ $2,834.03

Plant Fund. ........... it 691.91

Special Development Fund. ms 150.00

Sustaining Members......... 425.00

Annual Dues........... a 12,645.00

Subscriptions to Addisonie. : 2,246.61

Life Membership Fees... . a 1,750.00

Museum & Herbarium Frid. 2,325.00

Special Book Fund. ....... 9,615.00

Exploration Fund. .... ... 1,090.00

Lecture Fund...............
Investigation Fund..........
Laboratory Fund............

350.00
861.00
775-00 35,758-55

Refunds
Miscellaneous Sales...............000 cee cee 176.95
Interest on Deposits... 2.2... 0... 0c cece eee eee 809.85
Investments
Sage Fund
Sale 10 shares Importers &
Traders National Bank................ 7,500.00
Margaret Olivia Sage Fund
Cash distribution to resid-
uary legatees
Third distribution to re-
siduary legatees.. . $50,000.00
Advance in anticipation
of further distribution 25,000.00 75,000.00
$377,992.95
Disbursements
Paid through Director-in-Chief,
Account of City appropriations $169,724.13
Special Book Fund........... 5,177.00
Vouchers Paid.............. 31,127.20
Special Development Fund... . 754-40
Museum & Herbarium Fund.. 2,318.81
Plant Fund.... ...........-. 599.64
Emma Jones Legacy......... 1,000.00
Exploration Fund........... 1,069.62
Publication Fund............ 1,009.81
Lecture Fund............... 309.18
Investigation Fund.... 774.48
Laboratory Fund............ 482.63
Account Kane Fund (Income). 392.27
Account A. Brown Fund (In-
COME) ene eh Siam d boeken 2,241.72
Account Students’ Research
Fund (Income)............ 365.00
Account Lydig Fund (Income) 4,524.50

(252)

Account Sage Fund (Income). .
Account Science and Education

Account Jesup Fund (Income).
Account Mills Fund (Income).
Account Stokes Fund (Income)
gett Bridgham Fund (In-

Income General Investments
Half of annual payment to Mrs.
Staples, in accordance with
agreement................
Commission to New York Trust
Co., for collecting income...
Special Trust Fund..........

Income niga Sage Fund
Adjustme

eae to New York
Trust Co., for collecting in-
COME. ayes ens Shade cd

Adjustment of interest on
purchase of securities. .

Adjustment of income be-
tween accounts..........

General Income

Miscellaneous expenditures.......

Investment Sage Fund
Purchase of securities
70 ie ean Bank of

on ooo Gt. Western Power
Power Co., 58...........

41,390.46

45337-57

1,675.75

903.17

500.00

92.89
255.00

20,475.00
25,637.50

25,550.00

$273,841.02

847.89

1,813.25

334-10

71,662.50

(253)

Balance
New York Trust Co.......... 529.44
J. P. Morgan & Co........... 28,964.75 29,494.19
$377,992.95
LEDGER BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 1923
Permanent Funds Debit Credit
Endowment Fund.............. 2.000000 $271,760.00
Endowment Fund for Science & Education. . . 91,836.90
David Lydig Fund....................0005 34,337.86
William R. Sands Fund...............0... 10,000.00
Francis L. Stetson Fund................... 25,000.00
Darius O. Mills Fund..................005. 50,000.00
Charles P. Daly Trust Fund................ 19,636.34
Henry Iden Fund... ........ 0... 00. eee ees 10,000.00
Addison Brown Fund.......... 00 cece eee ears 21,850.00
John Innes Kane Fund..................0- 10,000.00
Stokes Fund... 0.0.0.0... cece cece eee ae 3,000.00
Charles Budd Robinson Memorial Fund...... 755.04
Students’ Research Fund.................. 4,488.00
Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund................. 25,000.00
Margaret O. Sage Fund.................... 660,823.88
Fanny Bridgham Fund.................... 30,000.00
Special Trust Fund................-.500005- 17,000.00

As per Schedule A........... $521,488.86
Investment Special! Trust Fund
Gift of 170 shares All Amer-
ica Cables, Inc............ 17,000.00
Investment Sage Fund
As per Schedule B........... 671,576.68
Temporary Funds
Reserve Fund............... 8,558.75
Special Book Fund..............00. ee ee eee 4,463.14

(254)

Lecture Fund... 0.0.00... ccc ccc cece eee

Income Accounts

Income of Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund.........
Income of David Lydig Fund. . 3,134.19
Income of Darius O. Mills Fund 1,034.93
Income of Stokes Fund..............000000-
Income of Students’ Research Fund..........
Income of Science & Educa-

tion Fund................ 157-95

Income of Henry Iden Fund... 142.23
Income of Addison Brown Fund............

Income of Charles B. Robinson Memorial Fund
Income of Margaret Olivia

Sage Fund............... 6,822.12
Income of Fanny Bridgham
Fund jag dd eee 577.72
Income of Francis Lynde Stetson Fund......
Director-in-Chief, Working Fund.. 30,000.00
Cash Balance, December 31, 1923. 29,494.19

722.20

$1,297,164.45

GENERAL INVESTMENTS
Schedule A
$50,000 Ches. & Ohio Ry. 41%4s................
$50,000 Southern Ry. 5s................0000-
$50,000 Erie Ry. 48....0 00 cece eee ee eee
$59,000 Erie Ry. 48.0... 00.0... c cece eee ees

$24,000 U.S. Govt. 2nd Liberty Loan Bonds, 4%s.

$50,000 Reading Ry. 4s...........00... cease

$1,297,164.45

$47,875.00
54,604.17
46,145.84
54,713.75
24,060.00
46,750.00

$10,000 New York City 4s.............0-00008
$50,000 Penn. Ry. 4148. ..... ccc cece cece ee
$10,000 New York Cent. Ry..............005
$10,000 Balto. & Ohio Ry. §8.........e0000 eee
$11,000 Milw. Sparta : N. W. Ry. 4s.........
$37,000 Nor. Pac. Ry. 48......... 00 cece sees
$10,000 Third Liberty loan ee re eee ee
$35,000 Great Nor. Ry. 78..........000 ce ees
$25,000 Provident Loan Soc. Ctfs... .........
$ 1,000 New York City 44s............0.04.
$ 9,000 New York City 4s...........0 00000
$10,000 Niagara Falls Power Co...............
# 5,000 Nash. Chat. & St. Louis Ry. Equip. 6s..

9,936.25
50,500.00
9,510.48
10,025.00
10,120.00
34,058.75
10,000.00
33,775-00
25,000.00
990.00
8,718.75
9,550.00
5,069.85
5,086.02
25,000.00

$521,488.86

INVESTMENT OF SAGE FUND
Schedule B
Stocks

52 shares Bankers Trust Co. ...............
250 shares U.S. Steel, Pid. ......2-........
400 shares American Telephone & Telegraph Co.

80 shares American Telephone & Telegraph Co.
200 shares Atch. Top. & St. Fé Pfd...........
100 shares Mo. Kan. & Tex. Ry. Common Stock
$1,400, par value, Mo. Kan. & Tex. Ry. Pr. Lien 6s
$600, par value, Mo. Kan. & Tex. Ry. Adj. Mtg. 5s
100 shares American Tel. & Cable Co.. .......
100 shares Union Pacific Ry. Pfd.. = .........

70 shares National Bank of Commerce........

Bonds

$10,000 Oregon Wash. R. R. & Nav...........
$19,000 N. Y. Telephone Ist. Gen.............
$ 6,000 Balt. & Ohio P L. 3%s............2.4.
$ 7,000 Wash. Terminal Ist 3%s..............
$15,000 Mich. Cent’l Eq. 68..................
$10,000 N. Y. Central Eq. 68..............000.
$15,000 Chic. & No. Western Ry. Eq. 6s.......

|

£19,500.00
275359-37
375775-00
8,000.00
14,525.00

3,208.00

5,075.00
6,237.50
20,475.00

6,500.00
14,155.00
4,860.00
4,830.00
15,193.50
10,163.02
15,228.49

(256)

$15,000 Southern Pacific R. R. 4s............. 11,962.50
$15,000 Illinois Central Eq. 68................ 15,211.49
$15,000 Atlantic Coast Line Cons. Mtge....... 12,112.50
$15,000 Union Pacific ist & L. GG... 2.0.2.2... 12,637.50
$15,000 Chic. Burl. & Quincy Gen. Mtge....... 12,112.50
$15,000 Norf. & Western Ry. ist Cons. Mtge... 12,037.50
$15,000 N. Y. Central Ry. Cons. Mtge. 4s...... 11,212.50
$10,000 Pac. Gas & Electric Co............005 8,925.00
$10,000 Hlinois Central Eq. 6s...........-..-- 10,128.08
$10,000 Chic. & No. Western Eq. 6s........... 10,151.50
$10,000 Pitts. McK. & Yough. Eq. 6s.......... 10,151.50
$10,000 Nash. Chatt. & St. L. Ry. Eq. 6s...... 10,162.24
$10,000 Cin. N. Orleans & Tex. Pac. Eq. 6s..... 10,181.97
$10,000 N. Y. Telephone Ref. Mtge........... 10,040.00
¢ 1,000 Gen. Electric Gold Deb.............. 971.50
$ 4,000 Gen. Electric Gold Deb............... 3,866.00
¢ 9,000 Amer. Smelt. & Ref. st Mtge......... 7,809.75
$ 1,000 Amer. Smelt. & Ref. rst Mtge......... 871.50
$ 5,000 General Electric Co..........---.-64- 4,838.75
$20,000 Louisville & Nash. Ry. Eq. 6s......... 20,302.63
$20,000 Atlantic Coast Line Eq. 6s............ 20,363.64
$50,000 Provident Loan Soc. Ctfs............. 50,000.00
$35,000 Norfolk & Western 4s............. oe 30,931.25
$11,000 New York Central 4s................ 9,253-75
$13,000 Northern Pacific 4s............-..05. 11,293.75
$15,000 Chic. Burl. & Quincy 4s.............. 13,481.25
$30,000 Commercial Cables Co. 48............ 22,500.00
$ 5,000 Liggett & Myers 58.....-....-...0055 4,938.75
$15,000 P. Lorillard 7s....................05. 17,437-50
$10,000 New Brunswick Southern tst 3s........ 8,100.00
$@ 2,000 Minn. St. Paul & Sault St. M. Ist. 4s... 1,735-00
# 5,000 Rochester Ry. & Light §s............. 4,475.00
$ 4,000 Balt. & Ohio Wn. Div. Ist 3%s........ 3,490.00
$ 6,000 Buffalo Gen’l Electric Ist §s........... 5,640.00
$ 4,000 N. Y. Central Ry. 4s.............000.. 3,165.00
$ 4,000 Chic. Rock Is. & Pac. Ry. 4s.......... 3,070.00
$ 2,000 Pennsylvania Ry. Co. Gen. 4%s....... 1,742.50
$35,000 Chic. Milw. & St. Paul 4s............. 25,637.50

$28,000 Great Western Power Co. §s........... 25,550.00

$671,576.68

(257)
‘TREASURER’S ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1923

466 Lexington Avenue
New York, April 1, 1924.
Mr. Ropert W. DE FOREST,
Chairman, Finance Committee, New York Botanical Garden,
30 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.

Dear Sir:

This is to certify that I have, by direction of the Board of
Managers, examined the books and accounts of the Treasurer
of The New York Botanical Garden, for the year nineteen
hundred and twenty-three (1923), together with their proper
vouchers, and that I find the balance sheet and the Treasurer’s
statement of receipts and disbursements attached hereto to be
correct.

The various investment securities have also been verified and
accounted for, and I certify that the statement of the same
reported in the balance sheet of December 31, 1923, is correct.

Respectfully submitted,
A. W. Stone, Special Auditor.

VOL. 12 No. 45

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 13, 1924

CONTENTS

A Review of the Fossil Flora of the West Indies, with De-
scriptions of New Species. By ArrHur Hotuick.... 259

Hemlock and its Environment. By Barrincron Moore,
Herspert M. RicnHarps, H. A. GuEason, and A. B.
STouT..... 4 ai aetna Maia ee outer ee oe eas 2.2. 825

BULLETIN

The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 12 No. 45

A Review of the Fossil Flora of the West Indies, with
Descriptions of New Species

By Artrsur Hotticx

(PLaTEs 1-15)

ConreENTS
PAGE
Introduction .ic¢ ci.4 cscts ceo et eed Wee tee nae tus Chas ew wean ee oe 260
méral remarks e:s:6: secu cis ew Fa0 2 dead ead dd eR PO 260
ee nas Usp ewit Reet eau Mignunerane eet a eh enact eee 261
etait ah Gea Gee PTAA LARS elaine ew RET 261
Saint eae Sdee arsed castes a enti atecctramare eoincteenalare ta gtriatunn then 267
Anguilla. sicse acai goede tania ieaeae diss sao Lae. 267
Martiniqués< sic. itas ine debe a dieah ded iadtet Stacie eee 267
Wrinidads::.; sia eee taaiears sewer eles hres ite cok eae hrs 268
Curaeae os cc245c ccna ae tang cette Rei eiceam ees 271
POrto RICO: deka tieesodew sane nape ds eee eden VIAS eae eae 272
Hispaniola sc.c2a iia egg oe He eee wheat Lae nee 274.
Santé Domingo... «casei ah vie tee ae ee tees oak ese 274
Faith iteee 4 oe shat eae seanis Wace tele EA uae ee een ee oe 279
Jamaica 02s. n esters ave Sona Se tha ee da hel eae er eal 280
Ba ones be he ee Pana aleve eta s holeaaian ed a ese beeie same 280
tliat Of Species hei eka tee ina lene aoa ess eee sak nels 285
otyledonae. 2... cece eee en eee n nee nett te entes 285
Balas i aneies Ticishtd ance id teeta ieee eae sete s 285
USACCAC es 2. eae Ea Ae eee Res seat dhe Red wea 288
Moncstyledone of uncertain systematic affinities................ 290
Dicotyledonae... 0... cece cece teen nee teen erent eee nees 292
ee eR iant ce SEG ye Beeere atone a iat oar ca eeieree Westen aA anO en oe 292
Poly gonacede ic cds edness eatin ee Lae pie edd eee eee ees 296
ARONACEAE fine occu eaaas wea eae eae ened Howe eee aS 298
LPatiraced ees a5 Ge sae iid ewes vee teasi hae oG eg ee dates 298
PUMINOSAC. 60. cee tte ee eee e teeter bette cnet a rernes 301
Meliaceae. ccacceasds pended caciaee gunk led oa ee pe el etd 305
Thicaceaes.c. sch. caaenn oe cet ese aee ees Get eens ee teas ete 306
Sapindaceae s. jac tasumedisncit gaaawned aods adem nne alee iG ieee oe 307

(259)

18

MNACEAC fitch San ee chan, sowalbaaaectaeiss the thee as eee 307

Cithiese (Clasiacene) declan tae eteneetied an tenis aarti ae ce 308
Placourtiaceaé:.4:2.95 acide eas Peat a edie ase niet! weet eteetee 309
Myrtaceae eaciemccnt deg dita ce taeec sere cee ee Pa ee ot 309
Myrsinateae<. ic ce igo deed Dodd os aees sea i eee ae ed 312
Sapotaceaes 260 needed 2 eeu ee es ee ee ie tine aie tae 313
Apocynacea@a sc tna vcieed pea Ree ai ee he ee ebia es 315
Bignoniaceaes er ia ewe ewes a tae gure este eee 319
Botanical Discussions sci.eiaeesc8G Aaa eis eee oes oe Fy Seen wees we eens 320
Explanation-of Plates:.0000c02chwweaend Mcea wie Raa es ee a aN Ones 322

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL REMARKS

Comparatively little is known and but little has been recorded
in regard to the fossil flora of the West Indies, although numerous

islands and groups of islands have been published. The fossil
faunas, especially the mollusca, have been studied and utilized
quite extensively in the interpretation of the stratigraphy, but
the paleobotanical remains have received relatively little atten-
tion. Until the past two or three years, in fact, no systematic
descriptions or illustrations of the fossil floras had been published,
except in connection with a few species of coralline algae and
certain specimens of silicified wood; but the specific and generic
identifications of many of the latter do not appear to be satis-
factory or conclusive, and certain others are unaccompanied by
adequate descriptive text or illustrations. In recent years,
however, remains of leaves and fruit, collected on several of the
islands by various parties, have been subjected to critical exam-
ination, and it is largely on the study of this material that the
present contribution is based. The islands on which fossil plant
remains of one kind or another have been collected and examined
now include Antigua, Saint Bartholomew, Anguilla, Martinique,
Trinidad, Curacao, Porto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba,
each of which will be separately discussed.

1 Any extended discussion of the stratigraphic relations of the plant-bearing
beds will not be attempted. Those who have studied the stratigraphy in the field,
and those who have based conclusions on studies of the fossil faunas, are not
always in agreement in regard to the exact geologic horizon to which certain beds
or formations should be referred, and the fossil floras have not been of much
assistance in this connection, other than that of confirming the Tertiary or Cre-

(261 )

HISTORICAL REVIEW
ANTIGUA

Probably the earliest references to and descriptions of fossil
plant remains from any part of the West Indies were in connec-
tion with the fossil woods of Antigua. In the early part of the
eighteenth century Scheuchzer ! listed a specimen of this material
(op. cit., p. 102) as “Lithoxylon ex Insula Antego ... Lignum
fossile’’; but the record is now merely of historical interest and
is of no scientific value.

About a century later, in an unsigned article on “ Petrified
wood from Antigua,”’? the statement may be found that “we are
under obligation to Mr. Pelatiah Perit of New York, for a collec-
tion of specimens of silicious petrefactions of wood from Antigua

. the specimens are principally the holzstein of Werner.
. According to the information of Mr. Perit they are scattered
over the surface of the island . . . with a profusion hardly less
than that which Horneman observed of the same mineral during
his travels over the eastern part of the great African desert. . . .”

Shortly after this a paper by Nugent * was published, ander
the title “A sketch of the geology of the Island of Antigua,”
in which he mentions a stratified rock at Monk’s Hill, and re-
marks: that “the conglomerate character of this rock is derived
from its having imbedded and incorporated with it, numerous
fragments of all sizes of petrified wood . . . and other substances

. the quantity and variety of i: substances included,
eepcenly of petrified wood, is most astonishing. e siliceous
woods are all apparently of the tropical kinds, and those of the
palm tribe are among the most common... I have found,
several times, petrified, the bulbous part of the cocoanut palm,
where it emerges from the ground, and with the radicles which
lace it thereto. One of the most remarkable specimens of fossil

taceous age of the rocks in which the fossil plant remains were found. Published

deposits, mers necessary to pee them stratigraphically, but it should be

1Scheuchzer, J. J. Herbarium diluvianum, ed. 2. Leyden, 1723.
2 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 1, pp. §6-57. 1818. [Probably by the editor, Benja-
min Silliman.
3 Nugent, Nicholas. Geol. Soc. London, Trans. vol. 5, pp. 459-475-1821.

( 262 )

wood I met with in the pasture near Paynter’s estate, the trunk
of a tree about twelve feet in length and as many inches in diam-
eter, rent crosswise asunder, but all the parts lying contiguous
to one another.”

In 1831 Witham! listed and figured six specimens of fossil
wood from Antigua (op. cit., pp. 39-40, pl. 6, figs. 11-16), but
without naming them and with only very meager descriptions.
Figure 11 was described as “Fossil silicified dicotyledonous
wood ... the structure greatly resembles that of the mahogany
ures 12 and 13 were merely designated as “‘dicoty-
; figure 14 as “probably dicotyledonous”;? and fig-
ures 15 and 16 as “monocotyledonous.

In 1834 Nicol? referred briefly to the Antigua fossil wood as
follows (loc. cit., p. 155): “I have examined upwards of a
hundred specimens of fossil wood, from the tertiary formation
of the island of Antigua. . . . The aa .. . were chiefly
dicotyledons, the rest monocotyledons.’

e first specific descriptions of this material were by Unger,‘
about 1835-1840, who described five species of fossil palms,
based upon the characters of the wood structure in certain
specimens, v7%.:

»”

Fasciculites antiguensis n. sp., p. LVIII, pl. 2, figs. 5-7.
Fasciculites withamin. sp.,p. LVIII. (= Witham’s figs. 15, 16,

op. cit.)
oe palmacites apa Cotta, p. LIX, pl. 3, fig. 6.
Palmacites crassipes n. sp.,
Flabellaria antiguensis n. sp., p. LXII, pl. 2, figs. 2-4.

Fossil leaves as well as wood were mentioned by Hovey § in
his “Geology of Antigua,” a number of which he determined as
identical with existing tropical genera and species. Following is
an abstract of his observations in connection with the fossil flora:

1 Witham, Henry. Observations on fossil vegetables, etc. London, 1831

2 This specimen was subsequently described by Unger (Synopsis plantarum
fossilium, p. 228. 1845) as Hauera americana, a new genus and species, which
he included in the Thymelaeaceae.

3 Nicol, William. Observations on the structure of recent and fossil coniferae.
a New Philos. Journ., vol. 16, pp. 137-158, pls. 2-4; pp. 310-314, pl. 5.

4 Uns Franz. De palmis fossilibus, [in] Martius’ Historia naturalis palmarum,
. I, chap. 2, pp. LITI-LXX, pls. (geol.) 1-3. 1823-1850
es Sylvester. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 35, pp. 75-85. 1839.

( 263 )

On page 79 he refers to a clay formation and says that “with
the exception of some petrified leaves found near its junction
with the trap at Drew’s Hill, I could not ascertain that any
organic remains had been discovered in it. These leaves belong
to trees of the dicotyledonous class. Dr. Nicholson 4 thinks he

animal and plant remains in the vicinity of Constitution Hill
and, on page 81, he says: “But the most striking feature of all
is the perfect preservation of the form and structure of the
petrified substances, even of such as in a living state are most
delicate. For example, the opening leaves of the banana...
have been converted into silex and perfectly preserved. I saw
myself the petrified pod of a tamarind, so entire in its shape
and all its parts, that no one could mistake it... ut the
most interesting class of fossils is the silicified oe ordinary
trees and shrubs of the climate still retaining their individual
structures, but converted into the choicest mineral substances.
. . . Among these may be particularly specified . . . the loblolly
asia subcordata). The cocoanut, also, is often very beauti-

. . . the most of these fossils, I do not doubt, are relics of
ia and trees identical with ee now growing upon the
island, though some others are probably extinct.”

In 1840 Stokes? incidentally referred to a specimen of fossil
wood from Antigua, in connection with a description of a speci-
men of fossil wood from Germany, as follows (loc. cit., p. 208):
“Mr. Robert Brown, to whom I had the pleasure 6 showing
this specimen from Germany ... reminded me of one of
silicified wood from Antigua... represented in the accom-
panying drawing (PI. XVII).” The entire specimen is shown,
natural size, in figure 1 on the plate cited, and a portion, magnified
ten times, in figure 2; but the author does not give any hint or
suggestion as to its probable or possible botanical affinities.

1Nicholson, Thomas. Antigua almanac and register. [Cited by Lester F.
Ward in his “‘ Geographical distribution of fossil plants,” p. 819 (U. S. Geol. Survey,
Eighth Ann. Rept. 1886-87), but without pagination or date of publication.
I have not seen Nicholson’s article. The date of publication, as far as I have
been able to obtain any information, was about 1830. A.H.

2 Stokes, Charles. Notice respecting a piece of recent wood partly petrified by
carbonate of lime, with some remarks on fossil woods. Geol. Soc. London, Trans.
ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 207-214, pls. 16, 17. 1840.

( 264 )

At about this same period specimens of fossil invertebrates
from Jamaica, and silicified wood from Antigua, were mentioned
briefly by Merian’; but in regard to the latter he merely remarked
that “der grdsste Theil sind H6lzer verschiedener Art, im
verkieselten Zustande.”

The most extensive and critical studies of the fossil woods were
by Felix.2 These were first published in 1882 as a dissertation
for a doctorate, in connection with the Faculty of Philosophy of
the University of Leipzig. In this publication, on pages 63-78,
under the heading “‘Hélzer aus Antigua,” he described the
following eleven new species:

Taenioxylon varians, p. 64.
Taenioxylon irregulare, p. 65.
Helicotoxylon speciosum, p. 66, fig. 1.
Helicotoxylon tenerum, p.

Cassioxylon anomalum, p 66
Anacardioxylon Spondon. p. 70.
Ebenoxylon diospyroides, p. 71, fig. 3.
Schmideliopsis ztrkelit, p. 72.

Palmoxylon molle, p. 77, fig. 4.
He also, on page 76, renamed Fasciculites antiguensis Unger,’
and listed it as Palmoxylon antiguense (Unger).

His second paper, published in 1883, included additional
descriptions and further discussion of the Antigua fossil woods.
A complete list, with comments, is as follows:

Taenioxylon varians Felix, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4

Taentoxylon irregulare Felix, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

Taentoxylon multiradiatum,* p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11; pl. 2,
g. 10.

This genus is referred to the Leguminosae; and, in regard to
the species last listed, a remarks: ‘Diese Art is wahrscheinlich
ein Papilionaceen eae

1 Merian, Peter. ade Gesellsch. Basel, Ber. i. d. Verh. vol. 6, Aug. 1842-
July 1844, p. 64. 1

? Felix, Johannes. ee Studien tber fossile Hélzer. Pamph. 1-83, fi
1-4 on plate not numbered. Leipzig, 1882. ) Die fossilen Halser Westindiens.
Samm. paleont. abhandl., ser. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-29, pls. 1-5. Cassel, 1883.

3 Unger, Franz. De palmis fossilibus, ie cit. p. LVIII, pl. 2, figs. 5-7.

( 265 )

Zittelia elegans Felix, p. 14, pl. 2, f. 1, 2

This genus is included, tentatively, in the Leguminosae.
Cassioxylon anomalum Felix, p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 3, 5

It is possible that the specimen upon which this species was
based may not have come from Antigua. The author states
(loc. cit., p. 15) that “der Fundort fiir dieses Holz . . . ist zwar
auf der Etikette nicht angegeben, ich glaube es jedoch seinem
ganzen dusseren Habitus nach fir ein Holz von Antigua halten
zu mussen.”” The species is compared with the existing species,
Cassia speciosa
Schmideliopsis anes Felix, p. 16, pl. 2, figs. 6, 8

This species is compared with the existing species, Schmidelia
haemorrhoea, and is relegated, tentatively, to the Sapindaceae.
Anacardioxylon spondiaeforme Felix, p. 16, pl. 2, figs. 7, 9

This species is compared with the existing species, Spondias
lutea.

Ebenoxylon diospyroides Felix, p. 17, pl. 4, fig. 6.

This species is compared with the existing species, Diospyros
discolor and D. virginiana.

Helicotoxylon speciosum Felix, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 2, 8.
Helicotoxylon tenerum Felix, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 1, 6.

The botanical affinities of this genus are stated to be, probably,
with the lianes of the tropics (““Schlingpflanzen”’ or “ Serjania
Arten’’) and referable to the Sapindaceae. He also cites (p. 20)
Unger’s Hauera americana (see the present paper, footnote 2, p.
262) and its possible near relationship to Helicotoxylon.
Palmoxylon antiguense (Unger) Felix, p. 22, pl. 4, fig. 5.
Palmoxylon kuntzit Felix, p. 22, pl. 4, fig. 5.

Palmoxylon molle Felix, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 11.
Palmoxylon quenstedtt,* p. 25, pl. 4, et .
Palmoxylon tenerum Felix, p. 29, pl. (= Fasciculites

Serie (Stenzel) Cotta, Die Eee etc., pp. 49-50,

.9, .1,2. Dresden, 1832.
Pea a ae p. 2

No species is described under this genus, which is designated

as representing “ Wurzeln von Palmen.’
he names starred (*) represent new descriptions.

In conclusion the author discusses the possible Upper Cre-
taceous, but more probably Tertiary age of the species, and
remarks upon their close relationship to the existing flora of

( 266 )

the region as evidence that there was little or no difference in
climatic conditions between those times and the present.

In 1897 Stenzel! described and figured two new species of
fossil monocotyledones from the island. The first one, Pal-
moxylon triarteum, based upon a specimen of wood in the State
Museum at Stockholm, he compared with the existing palm
genus Iriartes. In regard to the second one, Rhizocaulon antig-
uense, he remarked that Herr Leuckart of Chemnitz “hatte es
vor etwa 20 Jahren aus der bergakademischen Niederlage in
Freiberg erhalten, von dem inzwischen verstorbenen Verwalter
derselben, Wapler, als Hornstein von der Insel Antigua bezeich-
net.” He also discussed its taxonomic position and determined
it to be a monocotyledone, related to either the Palmaceae, the
Cyperaceae, or the Juncaceae, but did not suggest any definite
relationship with any existing genus.

Incidentally it may not be out of place to here record a list
of twelve specimens of fossil woods from the island, included in
the paleobotanical collections of The New York Botanical
Garden, that are designated by the following common names:
black willow, guava, manchinil, tamarind, loblolly, breadfruit,
mango, ailanthus, red cedar, banana, cabbage palm and needle-
eyed cocoa palm. The date of collection and the name of the
collector are not given, nor by whom the specimens were identified
and named; but accompanying them is a label, worded as
follows: ‘‘The series of silicifiled woods numbered 1, 2, 3, &c.,
and marked in ink on the specimen with the name of some
recent wood, as ‘Guava,’ ‘Mangrove,’ &c., are from Antigua,
W.1. The names given them are quite unreliable.” [Signed]
“*J. S. Newberry.”

The latest contribution to the fossil flora of this and certain
of the neighboring islands was by Howe,? who described and
figured several species of fossil calcareous algae which he stated
(loc. cit., p. 11) were “collected in February and March 1914,

1Stenzel, Gustave. (a) Palmoxylon iriarteum n. sp., ein eis Palmenholz
aus Antigua. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad., Handl. (Beih.) vol. ec. 3, no. II,
pp. 1-18 iss 1, 2. 1897. (6) Rhizocaulon antiguense n. ee K. Mineral.-
Geol. u. Piachise Mus. Dresden, Mitteil. no. 13, art. 2, pp. 21~24, pl. 3, figs. 22-29.

897

97.

2 Howe, M. A. Tertiary calcareous algae from the islands of St. Bartholomew,
Antigua, and oaens Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. no. 291, pp. 9-19,
pls. 1-6. 1919

( 267 )

by Dr. T. W. Vaughan, in the Eocene St. Bartholomew limestone
of the island of St. Bartholomew, the middle Oligocene Antigua
formation of the island of Antigua, and the upper Oligocene
Anguilla formation of the island of Anguilla.”

Following is a list of the species from Antigua:
Archaeolithothamnium affine n. sp., p. 11, pl. 4, fig. 1; pl. 5.
Lithothamnium concretum n. sp., p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 2; pl. 2.
Lithophyllum (2) molare, n. sp., p. 15, pl. 4, figs. 2~4.
Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie, p. 16.

Saint BarTHOLOMEW

Two species of coralline algae, from the “‘ Eocene St. Barthol-
omew limestone” of this island, vale) mentioned, were
described and figured by Howe ! in 1919, viz.:
Lithophyllum homogeneum n. sp., p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 3.
Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie Pp- 16, pl. 6 fig.

As far as I am aware, these are the only species of fossil plants
recorded from the island.

ANGUILLA

One species of calcareous alga, from the “upper Oligocene
Anguilla formation” of this island, atau! mentioned, was
listed and figured by Howe? in 1919, :
Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Folie, p- 16, pl. 6, fig. 2.

It represents the only paleobotanical record in connection with
the island, as far as J have been able to ascertain.

MarTINIQUE

Coralline algae, all probably of Miocene age, are apparently
the only fossil plant remains recorded from this island. Giraud,?
in 1902, incidentally noted the occurrence of fragments of
Lithothamnium, associated with other marine organisms, in
calcareous volcanic tuffs, stating that the fragments were partic-
ularly abundant in the rocks in the vicinity of Caravelle; and
subsequently Lemoine* described and figured thirteen new
species, as follows:

lHowe, M. A. Tertiary calcareous algae, etc., loc. cit.

2 Howe, M. A. Tertiary calcareous algae,. etc, loc. cit.

3Giraud, Jean. Sur l’Age des formations volcaniques anciennes de la Mar-
tinique. Acad. Sci. [Paris], Comp. Rend. Hebdom. Séances, vol. 135, pp. 1377-

- 1902
4 Lemoine, Madame Paul [Marie Dujardin-Baumetz]. eg theca a Vétude
des eiralligncsen fossiles. ILI. Corallinacées fossiles de la Martinique. Soc.
Géol. France, Bull., ser. 4, vol. 17, pp. 256-279, text figs. 1-23. 19 ae

( 268 )

Lithothamnium douvillet, p. 258, figs. 1-3.

Lithothamnium caravellense, p. 259, figs. 4, 5.
Lithothamnium peleense, p. 260, fig. 6; p. 268, fig. 16.
Lithothamnium lacroixu, p. 269, figs. 17, 18.

Lithophyllum giraudi, p. 261, fig. 7; p. 271.

Lithophyllum prelichenoides, p. 262, figs. 8, 9; p. 271, fig. 19.
Lithophyllum premoluccense, p. 272, figs. 20, 21

Lithophyllum martinicense, p. 264, figs. IO, II.

Lithophyllum (Dermatolithon) p p. 265, fig. 12.
Lithophyllum (Dermatolithon) Dea. p- . fig. 22.

Amphiroa prefragilissima, p. 275, fig. 23.

TRINIDAD

In Wall & Sawkins’! report on the geology of Trinidad there
is a chapter (Appendix K, pp. 166-178) by Hermann Criiger,
Colonial Botanist, with the heading “On some of the vegetable
fossils occurring in Trinidad,” in which the author mentions
“clays, some of which had undergone a considerable change by
heat (Porcellanitic shales),? while others were not altered in that
manner. They contained a great number of impressions of

eaves.”

Some indefinite descriptions of these leaves are given, such as

‘a large grass or Cyperaceae”’; ‘‘a large leaf, generally 4 inches
long by 2% to 3 inches width;” “a narrower leaf, 34 to 4 inches,
by 2 inches;” but in no instance is the description sufficiently
definite for identification.

In discussing the silicified woods he says: ‘The appearance of
this wood is very peculiar, and it is not represented by any of
the woods of the present creation, as far as I know them, although
some, even of this country, make a near approach, such as a few
leguminosae; some species of morus, as far as I know them,

1 Wall, G. P., & Sawkins, J.G. Report on the geology of Trinidad; or Part I
of the West Indian Survey. Mem. Geol. Survey [Great Britain and Ireland].
186

O.

2 Note-—These are evidently the deposits mentioned on page 49 (op. cit.), viz.:
“Strata which will be named Porcellanite occur especially at Erin, Points Cedros
and Rouge, part of Point Brea, to a small extent at Moruga, and adjaecnt to the
large seam of coal at Punta Paloma (Caroni Series).” The baking of the shales,
and their alteration into porcellanite by the combustion of included or associated
carbonaceous matter is also discussed.

( 269 )

Napoleona, some Chrysobalaneae, and a Proteacea, and Rhopala
montana, known to carpenters under the name of aguatapana or
beef oak.”

concluding remarks are interesting—almost prophetic,

: “They have been coriaceous leaves. . . . As these deposits
oe to the Tertiary epoch, since which the conditions in-
fluencing vegetation generally have to all appearance not mate-
rially changed, we must come to the conclusion that these
leaves being principally of the coriaceous kind indicate a vege-
tation of a truly tropical character. ... 1 must express my
regret that I have not been able to identify more of the specimens
with living plants, or their parts. A little more might have

n done in a place where access to museums and scientific
libraries can be had, and comparisons instituted with what has
been written and collected on the same subject.”

ia he also mentions specimens of silicified wood,
lignite, “wood apparently in a state of decay,” acon Gn
mixed with woody matter,” etc. The localities where the red
shale with leaf impressions were found are given as “Erin and
La Brea’’—evidently signifying regional distribution rather than
local occurrence.

Geological data are discussed by the authors on pages 35-52,
from which the following information may be gleaned. The red
shale or porcellanite is mentioned as belonging to the “Caroni
or carbonaceous series” of the ‘Newer Parian Group”; and,
further, that “these various strata [Newer Parian group] seem
sufficiently related to one another by fossiliferous contents to
form one group, of which the organic remains present a certain
analogy with the Miocene fauna.”

he sequence and correlation of the strata are as follows:

Moruga or arenaceous series.
Newer Parian Group. Caroni or carbonaceous series.
Tertiary (Miocene?)..... Tamana or calcareous series.
Naparima marl.
Nariva series.
Older Parian Group.
Cretaceous.

(270 )

In 1899 Harrison & Jukes-Brown ! described and discussed the
geology of the island and designated the Moruga series of Wall
& Sawkins as Pliocene in age. Their final correlation was as
follows:

Pleistocene
Moruga Séries .2.5.2c4n500 bees Gees Lae an

Pliocene
Naparina marls........ 06. cee eee ec ee Miocene
San Fernando beds [of Guppy ] [ Oligocene
San Fernand oeeer

Eocene

In 1920 a trip was made to the island by Doctor Britton ? and
party, during which the red porcellanite shale was examined, in
a quarry near the village of Siparia, in Saint Patrick County, in
connection with which Doctor Britton remarked (doc. cit., p. 112):
“. . it is the argillaceous shale porcellanite, quite hard, and
contains enormous quantities of fossil leaf impressions and other
plant remains. This plant bed is of great extent and thickness.
It is exposed in this quarry to a depth of at least sixty feet and
is packed with leaf-impressions nearly throughout. Here must
certainly exist the key to the ancestry of a large part of the
Trinidad flora and the paleontological information to be obtained
from an intensive study of the fossils would be of high scientific
importance.”

A second trip was made the following year,’ and on this as
well as on the previous occasion specimens of fossil plants were
collected. The larger number of these were from the quarry at
Siparia, and a smaller collection was from arenaceous beds at
Moruga, in Victoria County. The several collections have been
subjected to critical examination, and a number of selected
specimens may be found described and depicted in the descriptive
part of the present contribution. ‘The species represented belong,
without question, to existing tropical genera, and in many
instances ee can not be differentiated, on surficial characters

arrison, J. & Jukes-Brown, A. J. oceanic deposits of Trinidad
ci West a Geol. Soc. London, hae Journ. vol. §5, pp. 177-189.
1899.

? Britton, N. L. A botanical expedition to Trinidad. New York Bot. Gard.,
Journ. vol. 21, pp. 101-118. 1920.
3 See Britton, N. L., New York Bot. Gard., Journ. vol. 22, pp. 93-102. 192I.

(271)

alone, from existing species. They apparently can not be older
than Miocene, and may be as recent as Pliocene in age.?

A recently published contribution to the fossil flora of the
island was by Howe,*in 1922, in which the following two new
species of calcareous algae are described and figured:
Lithothamnium a p. I, pl. 1, figs. 1-3; pl. 2.

Matchepoorie qu
Lithophyllum ees p. 2, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2; pl. 4.

Gasparillo quarry.

Both are regarded as lower Miocene in age.

The most recent published contribution to the fossil flora of
the island was by Berry*, in which may be found described and
figured (loc. cit. p. 103, fig. 1) a fossil flower under the name
Lecythidoanthus kugleri gen. et sp. nov., supposed to belong in
the Lecythidaceae. The specimen upon which the species was
based is described as having been collected by Dr. H. Kugler

“the naturally burnt clay known as porcellanite so common
in the Island of Trinidad, probably of late Miocene age.” It
may be assumed that the type locality was at or in the vicinity
of Siparia.

Curacao

Coralline algae are, apparently, the only fossil plant remains
recorded from this island. Ii 1888 Martin‘ described and
figured a new species (op. cit., p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 22-25) under

1 Note.—Professor Gilbert van Ingen of Princeton University, who was one of
the party on the second trip, supplied the following memoranda:

“Porcellanite from the ore ee : mules southwest from Siparia village,
April 7, 1921. Strike N. 40° W., dip 40° E. Abundant evidence of baking.
Collected numerous pieces with ae ee and large piece of silicified wood.”

*“Plant-bearing clayey sands, n bluff just north of Moruga, on south shore,

Several layers hold abundant fossil leaves; but matrix is mostly too friable for
preservation. Collected from the better preserved lots and treated them with
shellac
2Howe, M. A. Two new Lithothamnieae, calcareous algae, from the lower
Miocene of Trinidad, British West Indies. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 62, art. 7,
pp. 1-3, pls. 1-4. 1922.
3 Berry, E. W., A fossil flower from the Miocene of Trinidad. Amer. Jour.
Sci., vol. 7, pp. 103-108, text figs. 1, 2 . 1914
4Martin, Karl. Bericht iber eine Reise nach Niederlandisch West-Indien,
etc., pt. 2, Geol. Leiden, 1888.

(272)

the name Lithothamnium curasavicum, from rocks described as
Cretaceous in age; and Kloos,! in the following year, in a discus-
sion of the contents of certain calcareous sandstones, mentioned
(loc. cit., p. 82) “cylindrischen aeste von Kalkalgen (Litho-
thamnium),”

Porto Rico

As far as I have been able to ascertain, no fossil plant remains
were collected on or recorded from Porto Rico previous to 1913,
when a scientific survey of the island was inaugurated under the
joint support of the New York Academy of Sciences and the
Porto Rican Government, with the codperation of the American
Museum of Natural History, Columbia University, and The
New York Botanical Garden. A series of seven reports, on
various features of the survey, has been published,? besides
several preliminary papers, notes,

References to fossil plant remains are very few, and one of the
earliest was by Hodge,’ in a paper presented at a meeting of the
Section of Geology and Mineralogy of the New York Academy
of Science’, May 15, 1916, in which . remarked (loc. ct., p. 278)
that ‘ fale the northeastern portion of the area is a broad
belt of rock. ... The presence of "Cladophyllia furcifera [a
species of ere in a bed of limestone and of fossil leaves in an
adjacent hematite bed point, according to Dr. Edward W. Berry
and Dr. Frank H. Knowlton, to the Comanchic [Lower Cre-
taceous] age of these beds.”

In a subsequent paper by the same author 4 the subject was
treated in a somewhat more extended manner. In discussing

cit., pp. 192193) that “a short distance below this unconformable
contact two calyxes of a coral were found in a limestone which

1 Kloos, J.H. Untersuchungen tiber — und Mineralien aus West-Indien,.
Samml. Geol. Reichsm. Leiden, ser. 2, vol. 1 p. I-II0, pls
York Academy of Sciences. Scientific Surey of Porto Rico ae the
Virgin Islands. Vol. 1, pts. Iq. 1919-1922; vol. 2, pt. 1. 1923; vol. 3, pts. 1,
2, 1920, 1921 [misprinted 1920]; vol. 5, pt. 1. 23.

3 Hodge, E. T. Geology of the Coamo-Guayama region, Porto Rico [Secre-

en Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, woh I, pt. 2, pp. I1I-
. 1920.

(273 )

have been identified as Cladophyllia furcifera. . . . Its presence
here should indicate that the rocks are at least of Comanche age.
Below the limestone occurs a thin bed of bog iron ore and in it
were some leaves. Dr. Edward W. Berry and Dr. F. H. Know!l-
ton identified these leaves as follows:

Nelsonia [Nilssonia], an old Mesozoic order of cycads.

Protorhipis, a fern with the same range as above.

Another species of Mesozoic fern.

A dicotyledon.

“The above authorities stated that these plants were not
critical for the Comanche, but that they tended to support the
evidence of the corals—at least they indicate Mesozoic age.”

Fossil coralline algae, represented by thalli of Lithothamnium,
are mentioned as constituents of the Coamo Springs limestone,
and two specimens are shown in cross section (loc. cit., p. 155,
fig. 15; p. 156, fig. 16).

During the prosecution of the survey in 1916 Hubbard! was
engaged in geological work in the Lares District, where he made
collections of fossil plant remains at several localities, especially
in the vicinity of Lares, on the Guajataca and the Collazo River.
The specimens from the localities on the latter river were in the
San Sebastian or Collazo shales, and those from the river first
mentioned were in the Lares limestone. The best preserved of
these specimens have been figured and may be found described
in the descriptive part of the present paper

Those who have studied the stratigraphical relations of the
plant-bearing beds in the field are not entirely agreed as to the
exact age of the beds. The San Sebastian shales have been

Oligocene, and the Lares limestone, which overlies the latter,
as slightly younger. Numerous correlation tables may be found
in the publications cited. For ready reference, however, the
following sequence of formation, series, and group names is here
given:

1 Hubbard, Bela. The geology of the Lares district, Porto Rico. Idem, vol. 2,

I, 1923. Tertiary mollusca from the Lares district, Porto Rico.
js vol. 3, pt. 2, pp. 79-164.

(274 )

i
is] .
re Santa Isabel formation
2 an
B :
2 San Juan formation
}
Au
Los Puertos limestone Arecibo group or formation,
Quebradillas limestone be and Pepino formation.
Cibao limestone (Oligocene?)
7 Lares limestone
‘S| San Sebastian, or Collazo, or Lares shales. (Oligocene
a or U. Eocene?
Rio Descalabrado series
Coamo Springs formation - = Eocene?
Rio Jueyes series |
2 .
= | Guayama series
8 : : = L, Cretaceous?
o | Sierra de Cayey series : ;
bi
v | Barranquitas-Cayey series
5 =L. Cretaceous (Comanche?
O | Rio de la Plata series ( )

Hispaniora !
Republic of Santo Domingo

In 1871, 1873, and 1881, Gabb? published the results of his
geological investigations during the years 1868-1871 in the
Dominican Republic.

1 This island is more generally known either as Santo Domingo or as Haiti,
and on most modern maps it is designated by one or the other of these names,
or else by both; but the use of either one for the island as a whole, especially on
labels and in descuiptive text, is liable to lead to misinterpretation, and more or
less confusion of locality in connection with the two republics between which the

one of the Leeward Islands of the British West Indies. It has, therefore, been
deemed advisable to designate the island as a whole by its original name, Hispaniola
—the Latinized equivalent of the old Spanish name, Espaniola—and to limit the
use of the names Santo Domingo and Haiti to the two political divisions of the
island.

2Gabb, W. M. Notes on the geology of Santo Domingo. Amer. Journ. Sci.,
ser. 3, vol. I, pp. 252-255. 1871.

(275 )

In the American Journal of Science (Joc. cit., p. 254) he discusses
the Tertiary strata and says: ‘They consist of conglomerates,
sandstones, gray, blue, brown, and white shales, argillaceous and
pure limestones, the rocks being enumerated in an ascending
series from the conglomerates upward... . There have been
enough fossils found in all the beds, from base to top, to settle
the question, that no line of demarkation of age can be drawn in
the series. The species have not been sufficiently studied, by
me, to enable me to express a positive opinion as to the part of
the Tertiary group to which they belong. Messrs. Geo. Sowerby
and J. Carrick Moore (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, 1849,
p. 129) consider them, for good reasons given, to be Miocene,
in which opinion I am inclined to concur; while Mr. T. A.
Conrad, whose acquaintance with the American Tertiaries is
greater than that of any other person, says they are Oligocene.”

In the Proceedings of the American uae ee Society? (doc.
ctt., p. 571), in the secretary’s abstract of Gabb’s remarks at
the meeting held November 15, 1872, it is stated that “the San
Domingo Miocene holds 217 extinct and 97 living forms (mol-
lusca),’’ and that “vertebrate remains (Carcharodon, Megalodon
and other well-known Miocene species) also occur with them.”
Subsequently, in the Transactions of the same society (/oc. cit.)
his previous publications were elaborated and extended, and
were included in a final report on the subject. From this report
the following items are abstracted:

On page 97 he says: “Shortly after the appearance of the
joint paper by Moore and Sowerby, Mr. Conrad published a
short note, having more particular reference to the Vicksburg
deposit in Mississippi, asserting that he found an ‘analogy,’ and
even adding ‘whether all the forms in this group in St. Domingo
are synchronous remains to be proved.’ . . . He claims to have

. But I have found a single species in common—his Ficus
Missrene. ee re

1Qn the topography and geology of Santo Domingo. Amer. Philos. Soc., Proc.
1871-72, vol. 12, pp. 571-573. 1873. Idem, Trans. vol. 15, u. ser., art. 4, pp
i . 1881

¢.—This is, without doubt, a misprint for Fusus mississippiensis Conrad—
a Tertiary molluscan species of the region. The name Ficus mississippiensis
i9

( 276 )

On page 97 he mentions an installment of fossils, sent by
Mr. Hencken to London in 1849, i in which was included “dicoty-
ledonous wood.” On page 99 is given the following correlation
table, of Robert Etheridge:

Middle Tertiary series of Santo Domingo
Middle Tertiary series of Cuba

Middle Tertiary series of Cumana
Caroni series of Trinidad

Miocene series of Jamaica

Chert formation of Antigua |

Anguilla beds 7 Older or Lower Miocene.
San Fernando beds, Trinidad |

Later or Upper
Miocene.

On pages 149-150 he describes conglomerate rocks at the Ango-
stura [narrows] of the Yaqui del Norte River, near Santiago,
and says that they are “made up of rounded pebbles, broken
shells and containing much fossilized wood, sometimes showing
tubes of teredos.”’

The author’s references to fossil plant remains were in every
instance very brief and casual. He collected a few specimens of
fossil leaves, however, which were apparently sent to Dr. J. S.
Newberry, at that time Professor of Geology and Paleontology
at Columbia College, as I infer from the recent discovery of a
small collection, now in the Museum of The New York Botanical
Garden, accompanied by a label in Professor Newberry’s hand-
writing, which reads: “Fossil Plants, Miocene (with 33 per ct.
living species of molluscs & incl. Carcharodon and Megalodon).
Cibao Valley, St. Domingo. Gabb.” A comparison of the
wording of this label with the abstract of Gabb’s remarks
previously quoted leaves but little doubt that these specimens
represent material collected by Gabb. The collection includes
Conrad has, however, been cited occasionally, in connection with paleobotanical
records, and more or less confusion has resulted in consequence. The obvious
error should not be perpetuated, and should pe corrected wherever feasible. The
synonymy of the latter binomial is as follows

Ficus ee ra ee U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper
131-A, p. 9, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2; pl. 7; pl. 8. 1922. = Cinnamomum mississippiensis
Lesquereux, oe Philos. Soc., Tans vol. 13, art. 14, p. 418, pl. 19, fig. 2. 18

u. SeF., art. 4, p.97. 1881. = error for Fusus mississippiensis Conrad.

(277)

only seven specimens, but they are fairly well preserved, in a
matrix of indurated yellowish-gray clay, and all are described
and figured in the descriptive part of the present paper.

It was not until nearly half a century later that anything
appears to have been published, or recorded, in relation to the
fossil fora. In 1917 Maury ‘incidentally referred to the presence
of fossil plant remains at Los Quernados, on the Rio Gurabo.
In a description of the geological section at this locality (loc.
cit.) the following item is included: “Flora of Zone B. The
top of Zone B contains wood and leaves of the Myrtle, Laurel
and Mimosa families. Professor E. W. Berry was so kind as to
identify them generically for me. . . . The genera represented
are Eugenia, Nectandra and Inga’’; and these specimens are
again referred to by the same author in a subsequent publication,?
as follows: “Looking back to early Miocene times we may
picture to ourselves an arm of the sea running east and west in
the northern part of Santo Domingo and occupying what is now
the valley of the Rio Yaqui... . Lignitic beds, gravels, and
clays were being deposited. . . . Members of the Myrtle, Laurel,
and Mimosa families grew upon the neighboring shores, with a
number of woods of new species not known from elsewhere.”

In 1919 a geological reconnaissance of Santo Domingo was
made by Vaughan and others,’ and during its prosecution fossil
plants were collected at several localities. These were submitted
to and were described by Professor Berry * of Johns Hopkins
University, by whom ten new species were described and figured
and three specimens were identified generically, as follows:

Poacites sp., p. 118.

Pisonia conditi, p. 119, pl. 21, fig. 1.
Inga sanchezensis, p. 120, pl. 21, fig. 11.
Inga sp., p. 11

1Maury, Carlotta J. Santo Domingo type ey and ie part 2, stratig-
raphy. Amer. Paleontol., Bull. vol. 5, no. 30, 5 (19

2Maury, Carlotta J. Santo Domingo eee enone Journ.
Geol., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 226-227. 1918.

3 Vaughan, T. W., Cooke, Wythe, Condit, D. D., Ross, C. P., Woodring, W. P.,
and Calkins, F. C. A geological reconnaissance of the Dontnicae Republic.
Geol. Survey Dominican Republic , Mem., vol. 1. Prepared by the U. S. Geol.
Seve Washington, 1921

4 Berry, E. W. Tecan, fossil plants from the Dominican Republic. U. S.
Nat. Mus, Proc. vol. 59, pp. 117-127, pl. 21. 1921.

(278 )

Pithecolobium samanensis, p. 120, pl. 21, fig. 2.
Sophora cookei, p. 121, pl. 21, fig. 12.

Sapindus hispaniolana, p. 122, pl. 21, fig. 3.
Calyptranthes domingensis, p. 122, pl. 21, figs. 9, 10.
Bucida sanchezensis, p. 123, pl. 21, fig. 8
Melastomites domingensis, p. 124, pl. 21, fig. 7.
Melastomites sp., pp. 117, 124.

Bumelia reclinatafolia, p. 125, pl. 21, fig. 4.
Guetiarda cookei, p. 125, pl. 21, figs. 5, 6.

In the introduction the author briefly discusses the strati-
graphic relations of the flora, and remarks, on page 117: “The
number of forms identified is . . . much too small .. . to give
a correct idea of the botanical facies or of the geological age
beyond the aise facts that they indicate a tropical habitat
and a Tertiary ag

In the memoir - Vaughan and others, previously mentioned,
Berry’s identifications are included in tables of distribution,
stratigraphic discussions, etc. ‘The plant-bearing beds in the
vicinity of Sanchez, Province of Samana, from which all but two
of the specimens described by Berry were collected, are designated
(loc. cit., pp. 76 and 165) as ‘‘Miocene or Pliocene,” and are
included in the Yaqui Group as defined by Cooke on pages 65-66.
One of the two excepted specimens (Melastomites sp.), collected
on the Gurabo River, about 54 miles from Gurabo Adentro, in
the Province of Monte Cristi, is listed as referable to the Cercado
Formation of the Yaqui Group, and the other one (Sophora
cooket Berry), collected on the San Juan River, in the vicinity
of Los Bancos, Azua Province, is listed, on page 109, as occurring
in beds of Middle Oligocene age.

Exactly where the specimens collected by Gabb were found
was, apparently, not recorded, otherwise than by the general
designation “Cibao Valley”; but the lithological characters of
the matrix indicate that it is similar to that in which the specimens
from the vicinity of Sanchez are contained, which is described as
a yellowish sandy clay, and this locality is within the topographic
limits of the Cibao Valley region. It appears probable, there-
fore, that Gabb’s specimens came from beds on the north shore
of Samana bay, in the vicinity of Sanchez.

The stratigraphic relations of the plant-bearing beds, according
to tentative expressions of opinion by those who have studied
them, may be tabulated as follows:

(279)

Bluff on Samana Bay, about 1}
miles east of Sanchez, Province! > Mao clay
of Samana. (Late Tertiary or
Pleistocene, fide Berry.)

Cut in clay near pier at Sanchez.
Beach, 400 feet east of latter
locality.

Rio Gurabo, about 53 miles up from
Gurabo Adentro, Province of
Monte Cristi. (Cercado forma-
tion, fide Vaughan ¢ al.)

Rio Gurabo in the vicinity of Los
Quernados. (Early Miocene, fide

Mao Adentro limestone

Gurabo formation

Yaqué Group
(Miocene or Pliocene, fide Vaughan e# al.

Cercado formation
Baitoa formation

Bulla conglomerate

Rio San Juan, about 1 mile west
of Los Bancos, Province of Azua.
(Middle Oligocene, fide Vaughan
et al.)

Republic of Haiti

The geological investigations by Vaughan and others in the
Dominican Republic were extended into the Republic of Haiti.
Fossil plant remains were collected at a number of localities,
some of which collections yielded specimens that were sufficiently
well preserved to be differentiated and described. These were
made the subject of a paper by Berry,! in which the following
seven new species were described.

Chara woodringt, p. 3, text figs. 1a—c.
Gymnogramme woodringt, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 1-4.
Simaruba haitensis, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Mespilodaphne hispantolana, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 11.
Mimusops praeparvifolia, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 10.
Chrysophyllum cahobasensis, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Bumelia cuneatafolia, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7.

Incidentally he also identified two previously described species
(Pisonia conditi Berry, and Guetiarda cooket Berry) from the
Dominican Republic, and mentions “fragments of dicotyledonous
leaves, probably representing the genus Ficus . . . fragments of

1 Berry, E. W. Tertiary fossil plants from the Republic of Haiti. U.S. Nat.
Mus., Proc. vol. 62, art. 14, pp. I-10, pl. 1 and figs. 1, 2 in text. 1922.

( 280 )

what appear to be a species of Terminalia, a palm ray, and
fragments of six or eight species of dicotyledons,” and =aTBETCOts
of lauraceous leaves suggesting the genus Nectandra.

Fossil plant remains were collected at a number of ines.
and in beds regarded, respectively, as Cretaceous, Tertiary
(Eocene and Miocene), and Pleistocene in age; but all of the
specimens that were described and identified were referred by
Berry to the Miocene (‘‘Artibonite group”’), apparently equiva-
lent to the Maissade beds of Jones ! (Joc. cit., p. 744).

JAMAICA

In a report on the geology of Jamaica by Sawkins and others,?
in 1869, there are a few incidental references to fossil plant
remains, in connection with a geological section depicted on the
first of two unnumbered plates at the end of the volume. On
this plate, opposite the designation “Eocene. Black shale”’ is
the legend “greenish brown & black laminated Shale, inter-
stratified with thin beds of fine grained Sandstone, contain.g.
fossil stems and some Lignite’’; and opposite “Eocene. Trap-
pean series” is “variegated & mottled Clay & friable Conglom-
erate contain.g. Agates and silicified Wood.” This is the only
reference that I have been able to obtain in relation to the fossil
flora of the island.

CuBA

The earliest references to fossil plant remains in Cuba were,
apparently, in two papers by Feliz,’ in 1882 and 1883.

In the publication first cited, on page 78, under the heading
“Holz aus Cuba,” he listed Palmoxylon cottae [= Fasciculites
cottae Unger]; but in the publication last cited (p. 24, pl. 5,
fig. 2) he described and figured a new species, Palmoxylon
integrum, which he stated was based upon the same specimen
that he originally identified as P. cottae. The species Palmoxylon
integrum Felix should, therefore, be substituted for P. cottae
(Unger) Felix as an element in the fossil flora of Cuba.

As far as I am aware only two other contributions to the
fossil flora of Cuba were subsequently published. Specimens of

‘Jones, W. F. A geological reconnaissance in Haiti. Journ. Geol., vol. 26,
pp. 728-752. 1918.

2 Sawkins, J. G., and others. ia on the geology of Jamaica; or Part II
of the West Indian Survey. 18

3 Felix, Johannes. Loc. cit., see ihe present paper, p. 264.

(281 )

fossil wood were collected in the Province of Camaguey (Puerto
Principe) and were discussed by Galtés! in 1911. All were
identified as and were referred to living species, natives of
the island.

The unique method employed in the study of the material and
in the identifications of the species is described on pages 193-195,
under the caption “Clasificacibn y Descripcién de los Fésiles,”
a free translation of which is as follows:

“Great are the difficulties which present themselves when one
attempts to distribute in their respective groups those organisms
which lack the principal characters which contribute the funda-
mentals of the classification of phytology. Trunks and branches,
and in some cases a few roots is all that I have been able to find
among the numerous examples which have been encountered on
the Chorrillo. The leaves, flowers and fruits so necessary for
verifying the desired classification either do not exist in that
locality, or at the time that we were there we did not have the
good fortune to find them.

“With my desire to know and classify the fossils that I had
found I acquired many examples of the trunks of various [living]
plants of varying sizes and ages and compared the colors with
those of the fossils and the texture, whether compact or fibrous;
the bark, when it existed, and other particulars, not forgetting
those that sometimes pass without alteration from the living to
the fossil plant. In other cases there exist those characters which
have been more or less modified, increasing the difficulties of
recognition which in some cases I have been able to discern in
spite of the alterations.

“Being perplexed one day over certain specimens, the idea
occurred to me to test the specific gravity, as a guide in this
investigation. My reasoning was as follows: Although all the
fossils found on the Chorrillo are silicified, in the substitution of
the organic by the siliceous molecule they should preserve among
themselves the same relation that they had in each [living]
species, which differ in relative density and hence in specific
gravity; but this difference, in general, would be less than when

1Galtés, Pio. Memoria sobre unos fosiles vegetales encontrados en el Chorrillo
(Puerto Prince): ae Habana, Revista de la Facultad Letras y Ciencias,
vol. 12, pp. 189-209
2J7 am indebted to ove "NN. L. (Elizabeth G.) Britton for the translation.

( 282)

silicified. I then searched for the specific gravity of various
known [fossil] woods which were well known, such as the Arabo
[Erythroxylum], the Ebano [Diospyros] and the Dagame [Caly-
cophyllum], finding in each case a different specific gravity, and
that it is greater or less according to density of the respective
wood or timber, although the relative proportions are not the
same. The numbers that I found for the preceding species are as
follows:

ArabOons sabes bididd ingen toes ia tae Seat — 2.611
Eb@nGcutdnsccntcrediaciesudere menses — 2.562
Dapa me teas ott tens Seana ee eee — 2.500

Numbers which are inferior to that of silica which, as is well
known, is 2.65. I havea table of the specific gravities of various
{living} Cuban woods, compiled by Dr. Eugenio de Coloma, and
I find that the specific weights of the species above numerated
are respectively 1.53, I.20, and 0.90, numbers which are not
proportionate to those which I found in the fossil speamens,
but which bear a certain relation to each other. I later deter-
mined the specific weights of all the specimens that I had in the
collection and, on reflecting on my results, which as will be seen
are not as satisfactory as I hoped, I am persuaded that the
relation cannot be perfect, as in verifying Epigenia! I found
that the plant varied in diverse circumstances which modified
the disposition of the mineral molecules and produced, in con-
sequence, an alteration more or less evident in the specific weight.

“Tf it had been possible for me to make a microscopic exam-
ination of the fossils, perhaps the data which this would have
supplied, in combination with the microscopic studies which are
being made of plant fibres, it would have facilitated a more inti-
mate and perfect knowledge of the true place of each of the
fossils in a paleophytologic classification than the one that I
have presented. But I lack the means to be able to verify them.

“These observations will indicate to men of science that in un-
dertaking this work I have not ignored, nor for one moment failed
to recognize, the difficulties with which I have had to battle, and
I am very far from having the presumption to believe that I
have ascertained it all! My work is simply one stone, perhaps
the least important, in the vast edifice of the phytopaleontology

1 Bipgenia (?). Not found in dictionary. E.G. B.

( 283 )

of Cuba. The only value of my little stone is that it is the first.
Perhaps the Almighty will not let it be the only one in the great
field of Cuba!

“T have followed the classification of De Candolle, dividing
all the fossils into Dicots and Monocots, and have not found any
Acotyledons!

“The Dicotyledons are divided into four classes:

Talamifloras.

Monoclamideas.”

A tabulated list of the species identified, with their common
names, is given on page 209. The number of species is 57,
included in 49 genera and 25 families. Fifty-one of the species
belong to the Dicotyledonae and six to the Monocotyledonae.
The list of species, ‘with certain orthographic interpolations, is
as follows:

Curatella americana

Capparis jamatcensis

Casearia ramiflora

Casearia alba

Casearia spinescens

Eritrophilum oboxatum [= “Arabo.” Erythroxylum obovatum]
Tbiscus taliascens [= Hibiscus tiliaceus]

Pavonia spinifex

Carolinea princeps

Guazuma tomentosa

Sapindus saponaria

Ratonia apetala

Guaria trichiloides [= Guarea trichilioides)
Trichilia spondioides

Swietonia mahogoni [= Swietenia mahogani|
Xantoxillum juglandifolium [= Zanthoxylum juglandifolium]
Xantoxillum caribeum [= Zanthoxylum caribaeum|]
Spondia graveolens [= Spondias graveolens]

Rhus metopium

Belaria mucronata [= Belairia mucronata]
Copaifera himenefolia [= C. hymenaefolia]
Lisiloma sabicu [= Lysiloma sabicu]

( 284 )

Poeppigia procera

Lonchocarpus latifolius

Andira inermis

Bucida angustifolia

Bucida capitata

Chicharrona intermedia [= Chicharronia intermedia]

Calophillum candidisimum [= “Dagame.” Calycophyllum can-
didissimum]

Gonipa americana [= Genipa americana]

Mimusops balata

Sideroxtlon salicifolia [= Sideroxylon salicifolium|]

Sideroxilon palidum [= S. pallidum

Sideroxilon masticodendron [= S. mastichodendron]

Brumelia nigra |= Bumelia nigra]

Diospiros tetrasperma [= “Ebano.” Dzospyros tetraspermal]

Comeraria latifolia [= Cameraria latifolia

Jacaranda cerulea |= J. caerulea

Tecona penthaphila [= Tecoma pentaphylla]

Cordia rotundifolia

Cordia gerancastus [= C. geraschanthus]

Erhetia tinifolia [= Ehretta tinifolia]

Borreria calofila |= Bourreria calophylla]

Dripetes glauca |= Drypetes glauca]

Excecaria lucida [= Excoecaria lucida]

Croton lucidus

Dafnosis guacacoa [= Daphnopsis guacacoa]

Cecropia obtusa

Morus tintorea [= M. tinctoria]
Oreodoxa regia
Colpotrinax wrightit [= Colpothrinax wrightit]
Cocos nucifera
Cocos crispa
Sabal umbraculifera [= S. umbraculiferum|]
Copernicia wrightu
Any comment upon or criticism of the probable accuracy or
inaccuracy of the identifications would not be in place here.
A careful examination of the individual specimens upon which
the identifications were based would be necessary in order to

(285 )

ascertain facts upon which to form an opinion of any value on
the subject.

In Maza & Roig’s! Flora of Cuba, pages 11-15, there is a
section with the heading “Flora Fosil,” in which Galtés’ tabu-
lation is quoted in full, with many corrections, and this is suc-
ceeded by the concluding paragraph of the section, of which the
following free translation also has been kindly supplied by Mrs.
Britton:

“Furthermore, Maza has determined a fossil seed of one of
the Leguminosae, Mucuna urens DC., or ‘Ox-eye,’ found near

avana, in a calcareous madreporic formation called ‘Bazar
limestone,’ as well as other plant fossils, which were not deter-
mined. But the question is—were they really fossils, were they
correctly determined, and to what era do they belong? In this
as in so many other things there is much to be done in Cuba.”

In 1918 Padres Leén and Roca collected specimens of fossil
leaves at two localities in the Province of Santa Clara and at
one in Matanzas, in calcareous tufa, fine indurated clay, and
soft incoherent sandstone—all apparently representing deposits
of very recent geologic age. The specimens were sent to The
New York Botanical Garden, and such of them as were identi-
fiable may be found described and figured in the descriptive
part of the present paper.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
Famity Parmar (Arecaceae)
Genus PaLtmopHyLtumM Conwentz
PALMOPHYLLUM sp.

Plate 9, Figure 1

This specimen almost certainly represents a fragment of a
palm leaf, but to attempt, definitely, to identify it with any
existing genus, or with any described fossil species, would not be

rranted, in view of its meagre and imperfectly preserved
characters. The nervation is obscurely defined, apparently con-
sisting of a series of relatively strong, parallel nerves, with finer
ones in between; and, it is possible that a midrib is represented

1 Maza, M. G., & Roig, J. T. Flora de Cuba. Rep. Cuba, Secretaria Agric. ,
Com. y Trab., Estacién Exp. Agroném., Bull. no. 22, Habana, 1914.

( 286 )

by the left hand outline of our figure, but this is not a certainty.
Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

PaLMOPHYLLUM sp. (fragment of petiole)?
Plate 9, Figure 2

This givers apparently represents a fragment of a finely
— monocotyledonous petiole, or stem, or organ of some
such na oa as it was found associated with the leaf frag-
ment last Pere I have ventured to include it, tentatively,
in the same genus.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

Genus Patmocarpon Lesquereux
Palmocarpon bactrioides n. sp.
Plate 1, Figure 4
Fruits represented by two rounded, irregularly ellipsoidal,

ruit
nut-like organisms, each about 1.75 centimeters in lengt
1.25 centimeters in maximum width, attached at their bases to

a istorte
annulus, and marked surficially by ey Beane) striations
and intermediate elongated reticulation

Apparently this specimen represents two contiguous fruits of a
palm, closely resembling those of the existing genus Bactris—
especially the species B. acanthophylla Mart.—with the soft,
outer integument or exocarp removed, exposing the hard, nut-
like endocarp within. The portion of our specimen that I
designated as an ‘‘annulus” I infer to represent the remains or
the impression of the original exocarp.

Somewhat similar fossil fruits, from the Tertiary of Chile,
were described and figured by Engelhardt,! under the name
Car polithes guilielmoides, which he compared with the fruit of
the existing pean sata agile. speciosa Karst.; but this

comparison does not appear to be as impressive or quite as
satisfactory as is te nee made in connection with our
specimen.

Another fossil species that simulates ours somewhat more
closely, from the Tertiary (Fort Union group) of Dakota, was

1 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber tertiarpflanzen von Chile. Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 686, pl. 1, figs. sa-c. 1891.

( 287 )

described and figured by Newberry ! under the name Carpolithes
lineatus, but without any comment in regard to its probably
botanical affinities*

Other fossil species that appear to be more or less similar to
ours are Palmocar pon corrugatum Lesquereux 2 and P. (?) globosum
Lesquereux,’ from lower and middle Tertiary horizons, respec-

with “‘Carpites lineatus?, Newby.” [= Carpolithes lineatus New-
berry, previously mentioned], under which name he had described
and figured certain specimens from the Eocene Tertiary of
Wyoming. In none of these figures, however, are the surface
markings depicted as clearly as they appear on our specimen~—
especially in connection with the fine reticulations.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Palmocarpon acrocomioides n. sp.
Plate 13, Figure 4

This specimen apparently represents what was, originally, a
spheroidal fruit of some kind, with a hard, brittle exterior. In
ed th

a
diameter, surficially traversed in all directions by fine broken
lines that join and cross each other and form a meshwork over
the surface that simulates an irregular, brecciated pavement.
That the specimen represents a palm fruit appears to be a
reasonable inference, and it may be more or less satisfactorily
compared with fruit of certain species in the existing genus
Acrocomia—A. aculeata Lodd for example—which, when sub-
jected to pressure, so as to become flattened and fractured,
presents a very close resemblance to the fossil.
Specimens that are more or less suggestive of ours, from a
probable lower Tertiary horizon in Colorado, were described

1 Newberry, J. S. The later extinct floras of North America. U. S. Geol.
Survey, Mon. vol. 35, p. 138, pl. 40,

2 Lesquereux, Leo. U. S. Geol. Survey Ter |, Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary flora),
. 121, pl. 11, figs. 10, 11 [especially the latter Ae 1878.

3 Idem, vol. 8 (Cretaceous and Tertiary floras), p. 144, pl. 24, fig. 3. 1883.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary flora), p. 302, pl. 60, figs. 1 in
part, 15-1d. 1878.

ao]

( 288 )

and figured by Lesquereux! under the name Palmocarpon
truncatum var. major. Both the species and the variety appear to
differ from our specimen mostly in the smaller size of their fruit.
Also other similar specimens, from the Miocene Tertiary of
See el were described and figured by Heer? under the
name Palmacites martit.
Locality and collector: Hispaniola. Cibao valley, Santo Do-
mingo. Gabb, 1868.
Famity MusacEaE
Genus Musopuyttum Goeppert
Musophyllum trinitense n. sp.
Plate 1, Figure 2
eaf of unknown shape and ee but apparently not
en ee 2 decimeters in lengt by 1.5 decimeters in m um

i
part, curving slightly upward and approaching each other
toward their extremities

This specimen, alehoush fragmentary, has so close a superficial
resemblance to leaves of the existing genus Musa that I would
have but little hesitation in so referring it were it not for the
doubt that is generally entertained, and the uncertainty that
obtains, in regard to the New World nativity of the genus.
That our specimen belongs in the Musaceae, however, appears
to be reasonably certain, and the generic name accepted for it
may be taken to imply inclusion in the Musaceae, but not
necessarily in the genus Musa. Similar fossil remains, from
Tertiary horizons elsewhere, have been described under the fossil
genus Musophyllum,’ and others under Zingiberites,s and it is

1 Lesquereux, Leo. U. §. Geol. Survey Terr., Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary flora),
p- 120, pl. 11, figs. 6-0. 8.

* Heer, Oswald. Flora Tertiaria Helvetiae, vol. 1, p. 97, pl. 41, figs. 2-4. 1855,

3 Musophyllum axonensis Watelet. Description des plantes fossiles du bassin
de Paris, text p. 75, atlas p. 8, pl. 17, figs. 1 6.

- complicatum Lesquereux. U.S. Geol. Survey Terr., Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary
flora), p. 96, pl. 15, figs. 1-6. 1878.

: Zingiberites multinervis Heer. Flora tertiaria Helvetiae, vol. 3, p. 172, pl. 148,
figs. 13-15 b. 9.

Z. dubius a a W. S. Geol. Survey Terr., Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary flora),
p. 95, pl. 16, fig. 1. 1878.

al
iv)
n

( 289 )

more or less difficult to differentiate between them. The re-
semblance between leaves of certain existing genera in the
Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Marantaceae is very close, and in
many herbarium specimens it is exceedingly difficult to identify
the genus, or even the family, from the leaves alone. The
critical characters of the secondary nervation, which are essential
for identification and differentiation, vary considerably, according
to the age of the leaves, and these characters are more obscurely
defined in the fossils than in the leaves of existing plants, so
that positive identification can not be expected, especially in
connection with specimens that are fragmentary and show
merely an indication of their original form and dimensions.
This phase of the subject was discussed by Berry,! in connection

with a nang: be to ours, from the Tertiary of Venezuela
ee it., pp. 560-562, t fig. 1), which he referred to Muso-

phy ee hie ee 2 from the Tertiary of Colombia, but
ee the generic name to Heliconia and remarked (loc. cit.):
“Aside from the actual resemblance between these fossil Amer-
ican forms and the existing Heliconias, it seems to me that
general considerations point to the conclusion that the genus
Musa was never present in the Western Hemisphere [in Tertiary
time], despite the fact that it flourishes so greatly under culti-
vation in the American Tropics at the present time.”’ Engelhardt,
also, was evidently in doubt in regard to the generic affinities of
his specimens, and discussed them in the following words (loc.
cit., pp. 25-26): “Die Sticke entstammen jedenfals einer Art
der Gattung Heliconia L., welche Stiidamerika eigenthtmlich ist,
wenigstens liefs sich aus der Nervatur trotz vieler Vergleich-
ungen nicht nachwiesen, ob sie zu dieser oder zu Musa L. zu
rechnen weshalb ich mich der provisorischen Bezeichnung
bediente.’

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

\Berry, E. W. Tertiary fossil plants piv arabes A S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc. vol. 59, pp. 553 alee pls. 107-109 and t
2 Englehardt, Herm Uber neue ee en ca aie Senckenb.
95.

Naturf. Gesellsch., Abh, cel 19, p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 1-3; pl. 5, fig. 1.

( 290 )
MusoPHYLLUM sp.
Plate 14, Figure 2
This coe ey. pares to the same genus, and
possibly to the e species, as the one last described; but it is
too imperfect a ieameat for bey eee comparison.
Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

MowocoTYLEDONE OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMATIC AFFINITIES
Plate 1, Figure 3
Foliaceous organ of unknown shape and dimensions; nervation

about 3 millimeters distant from each other, and a series of finer,
obscurely defined intermediate nerves, parallel with the latter,
both series connected by a system of fine, irregularly disposed,
closely spaced cross-nervation
Fragmentary remains of similar appearance to our specimen,
from Tertiary horizons both in the Old World and in America,
have been described under the genus Typha;}! others under the
genera Sparganium? and Cyperus;®% and, more recently, under
the fossil genus Pontederites.4 The ieee at least, I am inclined
to regard as possibly morphologically identical with our specimen,
but not as related to Pontederia. In Knowlton’s figure, if my
interpretation is correct, the apical part of the specimen is
represented, and in ours a portion of the basal or median part.
It is impossible, however, by reason of the fragmentary nature
of the latter to determine if, in its entirety, it was elongated and
grass-like, or if it was laterally expanded; but a relatively broad
foliaceous organ appears to be indicated, and the absence of any
indication of a midrib is significant.

1 Typha latissima Al. Braun. Heer, Flora tertiaria Helvetiae, vol. 1, p. 98,
pl. 43, figs. 1a-7; pl. 44, figs. 1a-3c. 1855.

Lesquereux, U. S. Geol. Survey Terr., Rept. vol. 8 (Cretaceous and Tertiary
comes) p. 141, pl. 23, figs. 4, 4a. 1883. Etc.

Sparganium latum Weber. fe ee vol. 2, p. 157, pl. 18, figs. 6a,

6b. 1852.

3 Cyperus aes Heer. Flora tertiaria Helvetiae, vol. 2, pl. 2
fig. 6; pl. 27, figs. 4-7. 1855. Idem, vol. 2, p. 163, pl. 147, fe é. ‘S Aa

59.
C. chavannesi Heer. Idem, vol. 1, p. 72, pl. 22, fig. 7; pl. 28, figs. ra-
* Pontederites hesperia Knowlton. Revision of the flora of the aes River
formation, etc. U.S. Geol. Survery, Prof. Paper 131-F, p. 154, pl. 36, fig. 6. 1923-

(291)

Figure 1. Photograph of the upper part of a floral bract of Musa cavendishi
Lamb, natural size.

(292 )

If it would be justifiable to infer that the genus Musa was an
element in the Tertiary flora of America, I would feel strongly
inclined to consider our specimen as representing the fragmentary
remains of a floral bract referable to that genus. ‘The characters
of the nervation in our specimen appear to resemble those of a
bract of Musa more closely than they do those of any other
foliaceous parts of plants with which I have sought to compare
it}; although somewhat suggestive comparisons were made in
connection with certain palm leaves (Scheelea insignis Karst.,
from the island of Tobago), and with leaves of Diplasia karatae-
folia L. C. Rich., a cyperaceous species native on the island of
Trinidad, both of which possess the characteristic cross nervation,
but not as well defined as in connection with the bract of Musa.

In the circumstances I have deemed it best to list our specimen
merely as representing fragmentary remains of an unidentified
monocotyledone, pending the possible future discovery of a
specimen or specimens sufficiently well preserved for the identi-
fication of its systematic position and morphologic nature.

DICOTYLEDONAE
Famity Moracrar
Genus Ficus Linnaeus.
Ficus porcellanaria n. sp.
Plate 2, Figure 1
Leaf of unknown shape and dimensions, apparently somewhat
Teal with a broadly cuneate base ane entire, somewhat

wavy or sinuous margin; nervation arene campto drome; mid-
rib bent or curved; secondary nerves irregularly spaced and dis-
i h

the margin through a series of irregular loops that coalesce and

ee pseudo-marginal nerve; occasional minor
intermediate secondary nerves extend from the midrib and soon
become merged with the tertiary cross nervation from the major
secondaries, forming an irregular meshwork - coarse and fine
polygonal areolae.

1 For purposes of comparison I have introduced, natural size (see text fig. 1),
a photograph of the upper part of a floral bract of Musa cavendishi Lamb, taken
from a specimen in the herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden, collected
in Florida by Dr. J. Kk. Small, November, 1904. (Photo. by Dr. A. B. Stout
Nov. 19, 1923.)

( 293 )

This leaf does not appear to be comparable with any described
fossil species, but it has the characteristic nervation, throughout,
of that of several existing species of Ficus, such as F. velutina
Willd., F. mitrophora Warb., etc., and I have but little hesitation
in referring it to that genus

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Ficus pseudoeggersii n. sp.

Plate 5, Figure 5; Plate 14, Figure 11

Leaf obovate in shape, ite slightly unsymmetrical, 8.75
centimeters in length by 5.75 centimeters in maximum width,
rounded above to a broad, bane apex and curved below to a
cuneate base, petiolate; margin entire; midrib curved, thickened
below and terminating in a conspicuously thick petiole 1.1 centi-
nda in length; nervation pin camptodrome; secondary
nerves 9 or 10 on each ae SE alternate, leaving the mid-

upward, all bending abruptly in the vicinity of the margin, form-
ing a series of angular ae loops, with nervilles extending
from the angles toward the m

These leaves simulate certain of the leaves of the existing

of F. eugeniaefolia (Liebm.) Helms. Unfortunately the finer,
tertiary nervation is not visible, otherwise more critical and
satisfactory comparison might be possible.

Locality and collectors: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921, (Pl. 5, Fig.5.) Cuba. Cayajana River,
Santa Clara. Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, Aug. 7, 1918, (Pl. 14,
Fig, 11.)

Ficus comparabilis n. sp.
Plate 4, Figures 2a, 2b; Plate 3, Figures 14, 15, 2; (Plate 5,
igures 2-4!

Leaves obovate to obovate-elliptical in ee varying in size

from 7 to 10.5 centimeters in length by 5 to 7.5 centimeters in
; m

camptodrome; secondary nerves irregularly disposed and spaced,
subtending angles a various degrees, generally obtuse, with the
20

( 294 )

midrib, the lower ones mostly at more obtuse angles than the

of rounded and angular loops that coalesce and form a continuous
pseudo-marginal nerve with tertiary nef iles extending toward
the margin; occasional minor intermediate secondary nerves

tion at various angles, forming an irregular network of coarse
and fine polygonal areolae

This species is represented by a large number of specimens in
the collection from Trinidad. They resemble very closely certain
of the leaf forms of the existing species Ficus velutina Wi
and certain specimens are also so suggestive of the two species
last described that it is difficult to differentiate them. It is
quite possible, in view of the great variability in the size and
shape of leaves in many species of the genus, that our three

gures 2-4, on plate 5, are included, with question, in the
species.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921, (Pl. 3, Figs. 1a, b, 2; Pl. 4, Figs. 2a, b.)
Bluff just north of Moruga. Van Ingen, March 19, 1921, (Pl.
5, Figs. 2-4.)

Ficus domingensis n. sp.
Plate 13, Figure 6

Leaf of unknown shape and dimensions, broadly cordate at

so as to form irregular marginal areolae

This specimen is too fragmentary to serve as a basis for a
complete diagnosis and description of the leaf that it represents;
but the characters are sufficiently well preserved to identify it
with the genus Ficus, and to provide a suggestive comparison
with the existing F combsit Warb., F. mitrophora Warb., etc.

Lo cality and qantas Hispaniola. Cibao Valley, Santo

omingo. Gab

(295 )

Ficus pseudonitida n. sp.
Plate 15, Figure -6

Leaf oval-elliptical in outline, tapering to base and apex, 5.25

i
and terminating in an obscurely defined, wavy, marginal
nerve.

This leaf is so closely comparable with those of the existing
Ficus nitida Thunb. as to be almost indistinguishable. ‘The
apex in our specimen is missing, however, hence no comparison
of this feature is feasible; but the outline and the characters of
the nervation are, apparently, identical.

Locality and collector: Cuba. Finca “Flores de San Juan,”
near Jatibouico River, Santa Clara. Rafael Garteiz, Feb. 1918.

Ficus sp.
Plate 13, Figure 2

A fragment of the upper portion of a leaf, that was originally,
apparently, linear-lanceolate in shape. © margin is entire;
i

n
fine tertiary nervilles extending from the angles toward the

This specimen is too fragmentary for either adequate de-
scription or satisfactory comparison. It apparently was similar,
however, to the type of leaf represented by the existing species
Ficus lancifolia Hook. & Arn. (= F. donnell-smithit Standley ?),
and by F. wilcoxensis Berry! from the Eocene Tertiary of
Tennessee.

Locality and ae Hispaniola. Cibao valley, Santo Do-

mingo. Gabb

1 Ber: . W. The lower Eocene floras of southeastern North America.
U.S. Geol. en Prof. Paper 91, p. 202, pl. 27, fig. 1916

( 296 )
Genus Coussapoa Aublet
Coussapoa vaningeni n. sp.

Plate 6, Figure 1
Leaf ovate-lanceolate in outline, ae Us a d at
dly

meters in th exclusive of the 1 en oe pet iole, 3.4
centimeters in maxi width; margin ee ya simply
pinnate; ary nerves 9 or Io on each side, irregularly

r
and extending, almost straight, close to a argin, where ice

form, approximately perpendicular to the secondaries throughout.

There can be but little doubt in regard to the generic affinities
of this specimen, and it is suggestive of certain of the smaller
leaves of the existing species, Coussapoa latifolia Au

A subpalmate species of the genus, from the Teriay of
Venezuela, was described and figured by Berry,! under the name
Coussapoa villosioides (loc. cit., pp. 563-566, pl. 108, figs. 1-4,
text fig. 2), in which the characteristic nervation of the genus is
well shown in the restoration of the leaf represented in the text
— above cited.

pecific name given to our specimen is in honor of the

See Prof. Gilbert van Ingen.

leas and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

FamMILy POLYGONACEAE
Genus Coccoiosa Linnaeus
Coccoloba simulans n. sp.

Plate 15, Figures 3, 4

Leaves ovate in shape, varying in size from 4.5 to 7 centimeters
in length by 2.75 to 3 centimeters in maximum width, tapering

and disposed, subtending rather uniform angles of about 45° to
with the midrib, mostly straight, occasionally forked toward

E. W. Tertiary fossil plants from ge U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc. vol. §9, pp. 553-579, pls. 107-109 and text figs 1921.

(297 )

their extremities, curved upward and becoming irregularly
camptodrome in the marginal region.

These two leaves do not appear to possess any character,
other than that of size, by which they may be differentiated,

and I have ventured, therefore, to include both under the same

specific name. ‘The larger specimen, represented by our Figure
3, may be compared with leaves of the existing Coccoloba lauri-
folia Jacq., and C. pyrifolia Desf., and the smaller one, represented
by Figure 4, with C. krugit Lindau and C. reflexa Lindau. In
each of these species there is a wide diversity in the shape and
size of the leaves, and our two specimens do not differ from each
other to the same extent as, in many instances, may be seen on
a single bush or individual branch of either of the species above
mentioned.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Cayajana River, Santa Clara.
Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, Aug. 7, 1918.

CoccoLosa(?) sp.
Plate 9, Figure 8
unknown shape and dimensions, but apparently

Io centimeters 1n maximum wi 3; mi tout, flexuous;
secondary nerves coarse, irregularly disposed and spaced, sub-
tending angles of ith the flexed, curved

slightly upward and bent abruptly upward toward their ex-
tremities; tertiary nervation not discernible.

J infer that this fragmentary specimen represents the distorted
remains of a large leaf similar in sh to certain of those of
existing species such as Coccoloba cruegerit Griseb., but, by reason
of the base of the leaf being broken off, it is impossible to deter-
mine what were the original characters of the basal nervation.

The coarseness of the secondary nerves, and the manner in
which they bend abruptly upward at their extremities, however,
are points of mutual resemblance, and the absence of any trace
of tertiary cross nervation in our specimen also leads to the
inference that it was probably fine and uniform, such as obtains
in many of the leaves of the genus to which I have tentatively
referred it.

Locality and collectors: Porto Rico. Guajataca River, sout
bank, about one fourth mile north of Lares (“Collazo shales,
uppermost of the series’”). Reeds, Hubbard, and Hill, 1915.

( 298 )

Famity ANONACEAE
Genus Anona Linnaeus
ANONA SARAVIANA Berry?
Plate 9, Figure 3

Anona saraviana — Miocene plants from southern Mexico.
t. ., Proc. vol. 62, art. 19, p. 8, pl. 3, fig. 2. 1923.
I Neve are ee fener any specimen, tentatively, to the
species described and figured by Berry (doc. cit.) from the Miocene
of Mexico, although his generic identification does not appear
to be altogether conclusive.
Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Guajataca River, south
bank, about one fourth mile north of Lares (“‘Collazo shales,
uppermost of the series’). Reeds, Hubbard, and Hill, 1915

Famity LAURACEAE
Genus Nectranpra Roxburgh
Nectandra pseudoantillana n. sp.
Plate 15, Figures 1, 2

Leaves relatively long and narrow, apparently elongated
ellipsoidal in eee and 2d scene II to 12 centimeters in

finer loops and cross nervilles; tertiary nervation forming a net-
work of relatively coarse and fine polygonal areolae through-
out.

These specimens evidently represent lauraceous leaves, and
they may be more or less satisfactorily compared with leaves of
existing species in any one of several different genera, but
especially in the genus Nectandra as now differentiated and
recognized, Leaves that appear to be almost indistinguishable
from our specimens, in all of their discernible characters, may be
found on specimens of N. antillana Meissn., N. coriacea (Sw.)
Griseb., N. cuspidata Nees, N. membranacea (Sw.) Griseb.,
N. pallida Nees, and N. rectinervia Meissn., each of which shows
more or less variation in leaf form.

(299 )

A fossil species from the Miocene Tertiary of Peru, that
resembles ours somewhat closely, and is probably generically
identical, was described and figured by Berry! under the name
Mespilodaphne tumbezensis.

Incidentally it is of interest to note that certain of the leaves
of Nectandra antillana with which our specimens were most
satisfactorily compared were collected from plants growing in
the same general locality as that where the fossil specimens
were found.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Cayajana River, Santa Clara.
Bro. Leon and Fr. Roca, Aug. 7, 1918.

Genus Ocotrea Aublet
Ocotea pseudomartinicensis n. sp.
Plate 7
Leaf elliptical in shape, 16 centimeters in length by 7 centi-
meters in maximum width, curved slightly nwa fe cuneate
at the base, leg rather abruptly inward a uneate-acu-
minate at the eX; margin entire, lightly ee nervation
simply Bes camptodrome; dary nerves irregularly
dispose: leaving the midrib at ae of approximately 45°,

cross nervation and form a broken, irregular network of quad-
rangular and polygonal areolae throughout

This specimen is so closely similar to the leaves of certain
existing species of Ocotea as to be practically impossible of
differentiation, as far as the obvious surficial characters are
concerned. In particular it may be compared with O. martini-
censis Mez, and O. macrophylla (Meisn.) Mez.

It is also strikingly suggestive of the two leaves described and
figured by Berry,? from the Miocene Tertiary of Costa Rica and
Mexico, respectively, that he referred to Nectandra areolata
Engelhardt,? a Tertiary species from the Miocene of Colombia.

1 Berry, E. W. Miocene fossil see from northern Peru. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc. die ue 291, pl. 15 gig.

2 Ber . W. Te every fossil ante from Costa Ric U.S. N. Sy
Proc. a a p. 177, pl. 27. 1921. Miocene plants ae southern Maxie,
Idem, vol. 62, p. 19, pl. 4, fig. 3. 1923.

3 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber neve Tertiarpflanzen os Senckenb.
Naturf. Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 19, p. 29, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.

( 300 )

The fossil species that appears to simulate ours most closely,
however, is Persea eerie Engelhardt,! from the Miocene
Tertiary of Chile and Colombia. Comparison with the figure
last cited, in fact, may be seen to on such identity of characters
that the two figures might be interchangeable in illustrating
either species, except for a slight difference in size. Iam inclined
to believe that the two may eventually be determined to be
specifically identical.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Genus AniBa Aublet
Aniba portoricensis n. sp.
Plate 9, Figures 4, 5

Leaves apparently narrowly obovate or oblanceolate in shape,
about 9 to 10 aaa 2 ee by 3 souaee rans in maximum
i below a lon ated base;

following na contour of the adjacent margin and. ultimately

ecoming c

These eae remains might be more or less satisfactorily
compared with any one of a dozen or more existing lauraceous
species in the genera Mespilodaphne, Oreodaphne, Ocotea, Ampelo-
daphne, Aniba, etc. The reference to the genus Aniba is,
eine. to be regarded as representing their family rather than
their definite generic relationship.

Locality and collectors: Porto Rico. Guajataca River, south
bank, about one fourth mile north of town of Lares (“Collazo
shales, uppermost of the series’’). Reeds, Hubbard, and Hill,

1915S.
Genus LauropHyLLuM Goeppert

Laurophyllum dubiosum n. sp.
Plate 12, Figures 1-3
Leaves ovate-ellipsoidal in shape, varying in size from 6 to 8
centimeters in length by 2.7§ to 3.25 centimeters in maximum

1 Engelhardt, eines Uber Tertiarpflanzen von Chile. Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 650, pl. 5, fig. 3. 1891. Uber neue Tertiar-
pflanzen Sud-Amerikas. Idem, vol. 19, p. 27, pl. 5, fig. 3. 1895.

(301 )

width, tapering below to a more or less curved, cuneate base,
and above to an apiculate apex; nervation pinnate; secondary
nerves irregularly spaced and disposed, the lower ones leaving
the midrib at acute angles of divergence, the upper ones at more
obtuse angles, all curving upward toward their extremities.

I have referred these leaves to the comprehensive fossil genus
Laurophyllum with the idea of indicating their probable rela-
tionship to the Lauraceae. They are too indefinite in their
characters, however, to attempt identification with any living
genus, although they may be compared, in a general way, with
many leaf forms of species included in the genera Acrodiclidium,
Mespilodaphne, etc.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

Famity LEGUMINOSAE
Genus Inca Linnaeus
Inga pseudonobilis n. sp.
Plate 5, Figure 6; Plate 10, Figure 7

Leaf or leaflet of unknown shape and dimensions, but appar-
ently oblong-elliptical and ada aed 12 centimeters in length

y 4 centimeters in maximum width at about the middle, tapering
to an acute, wedge-shaped, ee inequilateral base: margin

entire; nervation innate, camptodrome; secondary nerves
subtending — angles with the midrib, ascending, curving up-

ard and extending close to the margin, ultimately oe gi:
ad conne ee through the nee straight tertiary cros
nervation.

These fragmentary specimens, as far as their characters are
preserved, may be compared with the existing South American
species, Inga bourgoni DC. and I. nobilis Willd.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Bluff just north of Moruga.
Van Ingen, March 19, 1921, (Pl. 5, Fig. 6.) Porto Rico. Col-
lazo River, at base of second falls below Carretera bridge.
Hubbard, 1915, (PI. 10, Fig. 7.)

Inca (?) sp.
Plate 12, Figure §

is fragment, representing the upper part of a leaf with an
ie apex and entire margin, would hardly be worthy of con-

( 302 )

sideration, except for its striking similarity to the apical portion
of a leaf from ne Tertiary of Santo Domingo, described and
figured by Berry! under the name Inga sanchezensis (see Plate
12, Figure 6, introduced for comparison av therefore,
referred our specimen, tentatively, to the same gen

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo see near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915
(no. 83 a).

Genus PitHeco.tosium Martius
Pithecolobium pseudotrapezifolium n. sp.
Plate ro, Figure 8

Leaflet irregularly seca ay eae in shape, inequilateral,
4. 75, centimeters in length, including 3 millimeter petiole,

y 2.75 centimeters in maximum ie : sees ciate
blunt; base inequilaterally ¢ cuneate, tapering on one side, rounded
on the other; margin entire; midrib curved; nervation pinnate-
reticulate; secondary nerves fine, numerous, leaving the midrib
at angles of about 45°, more or less flexed, curving upward and
forming with the satel cross nervation a series of somewhat
elongated, reticulated ar

This well-defined ae is difficult to differentiate, as far as
its surficial oe are Coneatises from those of the existing
species, Pith glomeratum Benth. and P. trapezifolium
Benth., as depicted by sade ee 2 in his “ Blatt-Skelete,”

der the genus Inga. It is also very similar to Pithecolobium
tenuifolium Engelhardt,’ a Tertiary species from Colombia,
which he compared (loc. cit.) with P. glomeratum Benth. Appar-
ently the only discernible difference between Engelhardt’s species
and ours is that the latter is of larger dimensions. It is evident
that the two must be regarded as closely allied if not specifically
identical.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

1Berry, E. W. Tertiary fossil ee from the Dominican Republic. U. 5.
Nat. Mus., an vol. 59, p. 120, pl. 24, fig. 11.

a ecaesnanten? Constantin von. Die Blatt-skelete der Dikotyledonen, p.
225, pl. 90, fig. 10; pl. 91, fig. 2, and p. 226, figs. 266, 267, and pl. 95, fig. 7. 1861.

3 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber neue Tertiarpflanzen Sid-Amerikas. Senckenb.
Naturf. Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 19, p. 31, pl. 3, fig. 21. 1895.

( 303 )

Pithecolobium vexativum n. sp.

Plate 11, Figure 4
Leaflet inequilateral, curved on one side, longitudinally trun-
sas at the base and rounded above on the opposite side, about
6 centimeters in length by 2.4 centimeters in maximum widt
ete cally cuneate be the base; midrib curved; nervation

camptodrome in the marginal region; minor intermediate
secondaries obscurely defined.

This specimen appears to represent one of the terminal leaflets
of a leguminous plant similar to the existing species Pithecolobium
ligustrinum (Jacq.) Klotz.; although a more perfect specimen
might show apical characters that would indicate some other
generic relationship.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, 1915.

Genus Cassia Linnaeus
Cassia sipariensis n. sp.
Plate 1, Figure 1
Leaflet lanceolate in shape, 3.5 centimeters in n length by 1.2

species of Cassia, such as C. leptocarpa Benth., C. occidentalts L.,
and C. spectabilis DC., and it is also similar to certain leaves
that have been described and figured under the fossil genus
Podogonium, such as P. americanum Lesquereux,! from lower
Tertiary horizons in our western States, and other species from
the Miocene Tertiary of the Old World, of which P. knorrit
Heer ? is a very good example.

1 Lesquereux, Leo. - 8. ee Survey ae oe vol. 7 (Tertiary flora),
p. 298, pl. 59, fig. 5; pl. 6

2 Heer, Oswald. Flore a Heivenae an He p. 114, pl. 134, fig. 24; pl.
136, fig. 4. 18

( 304 )

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Cassia(?) dubiosa n. sp.
Plate 10, Figure 4

Leaflet se ea in ane’ ee lee jag on
one side and rounded on the other = ma
entire; ida. wae nervation ernie seco se heres
fine, leaving the midrib at angles op about 40°, ee an
curving upward toward their extremities

The systematic position of this specimen has not been satis-
factorily determined. The apex is missing and the nervation is
obscurely defined and incomplete. It is assumed to belong in
the Leguminosae largely because of its asymmetry, which is
quite obvious, especially in connection with the base. It might,
perhaps, be more consistent, under the circumstances, to refer
the specimen to the comprehensive fossil genus Legumuinosites,
but it appears to be sufficiently like leaflets of certain existing
species of Cassia to justify at least provisional reference to the
genus. Other fossil leaves of similar appearance have also been
referred to the genus, such as C. glenni Berry,! from the Eocene
Tertiary of Tennessee—especially the specimen represented by
his figure 18 (loc. cit.).

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near the
base of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9,
1915.

Genus SopHora Linnaeus
Sophora(?) suspecta n. sp.
Plate 10, Figure 3

Leaflet re kama Rens 3 centimeters in length by 1.3
centimeter width, tapering above to a curved,
blunt apex; pein mun midrib curved; nervation pinnate;

ee the base of this specimen is lacking, and . ce
is obscurely defined, there can be but little doubt that it repre-
sents the leaflet of some species belonging to the Leguminosae;
and as it compares more or less closely with those of the existing

1 Berry, E. W. The lower Eocene floras of southeastern North America,
U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 91, p. 233, pl. 45, figs. 15, 16, 174, 18. 1916.

(305 )

«species Sophora afinis T. & G. I have ventured to include it,
tentatively, in that genus.
fossil species that appears to resemble it very closely is
Sophora paleolobifolia Berry,! from the Eocene Tertiary of
Tennessee; and comparisons might also be made with certain
fossil species referred to the existing genus Pithecolobium, and to
the comprehensive fossil genus Leguminosites; but any such
comparisons would be of little value in view of the incompleteness
of our specimen.
Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

Genus Datpercia Linnaeus
Dalbergia gabbi n. sp.
Plate 13, Figure 5

Leaf ovoid-ellipsoidal in shape, slightly spat nearer: a
centimeters in length, including the 4 millimeter petiole,

irregularly flexed or angled toward their extremities and con-
nected by ter see cross nervation, forming a reticulated network
of polygonal are

This leaf is ee certainly referable to the Leguminosae and
may be compared with certain of the broad, ee leaf forms
of the existing species, Dalbergia variabilis Vos

Locality and collector: Hispaniola. Cibao eae Santo Do-
mingo. Gabb, 1868.

Famity MELracEAE
Genus SwIETENIA Jacquin
SWIETENIA sp.

Plate 13, Figure 1

Leaf of unknown shape and dim ae inequilateral, curved,
cuneate at the base, petiolate; petiole 7 millimeters in leng h:
in entire idrib curve nervati a pinnate; secondary
nerves prom minent, irregularly eee and spaced, ascending,

1 Berry, E. W. The lower Eocene floras of southeastern North America.
U. §. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 91, p. 243, pl. 52, fig. 1, 1916.

( 306 )

those on the convex side of the oe subtending angles more
acute than those on the concave s

This fragmentary specimen is eer to the genus Swietenia
on account of its general characters as revealed and indicated.
It may be compared with leaflets of the existing S. mahogont L.;
but it is unfortunate that the fragmentary nature of the specimen
is such that either adequate description or satisfactory comparison
is alike impossible.

Locality and ae Hispaniola. Cibao valley, Santo Do-
mingo. Gabb

Famity ILicacEAarE
Genus ILex Linnaeus
Ilex pseudocassine n. sp.
Plate 14, Figures 6, 7

Leaves apparently obovate in shape, about 2.75 centimeters in
length by 1.75 centimeter in maximum width, abruptly narrowed
_ : . :

CO r idrib at angle
of about 45°, irregularly disposed and spaced, occasionally
subopposite, especially the lower ones, the latter closer together
than those above

These specimens are suggestive of certain of the short, broad
leaf forms of the existing [lex cassine L., but their condition is
too fragmentary for any more definite conpatiss n.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, July 1918

Ilex pseudompyrtifolia n. sp.
Plate 14, Figure 8

Leaf ae pbuned oblanceolate or spatulate in pee ea
lateral, 2. os timeters in length by .9 centimeter

width, ta oe to a narrow, elongated base; een ae
nervation ae e.

I have referred this small leaf, with some hesitation, to the
genus Ilex. The apex is missing and the nervation is imperfectly
preserved and obscurely defined; but it may be compared with
numerous leaf forms of the existing J. myrtifolia Walt.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro. Leon and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

(307 )

Famity SAPINDACEAE
Genus Saprinpus Linnaeus
Sapindus obesus n. sp.
Plate 10, Figures 1, 2

Leaves or leaflets asics beter about 7.5 centimeters in length
3.25 centimeters in ma width, broadly subfalcate in
vi

are characteristic of several Sapindaceous genera, and they
simulate very closely those of certain existing species of Sapindus;
but whether or not both of our specimens should be referred to
one and the same species may, perhaps, be regarded as an
open question.

They may also be compared with Sapindus acuminatus
Engelhardt,! from the Tertiary of Chile, from which they appear
to differ mostly in their greater width. Inte tere comparisons
may also be made with S. caudatus Lesquereux? and S. odtust-
folius Lesquereux,’ from Eocene Tertiary eae in the western
United States. Our specimens appear to be intermediate in
shape between the three species mentioned; but they all differ
between themselves but little more than do the leaflets on many
individual trees of certain existing species.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915

FamMILty RHAMNACEAE
Genus Zizypuus Linnaeus
ZIZYPHUS Sp.
Plate 14, Figure §

A fragmentary piece of the upper part of a leaf of unknown
shape and dimensions, apparently ellipsoidal, with an acuminate

1 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber ale gereae von Chile. Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 670, pl. 9, fig. 1 1891.

® Lesquereux, Leo. U. 8. Geol. cag Terr, Rept. vol. 7 (Tertiary flora),
p. 264, pl. 48, fig. 6. 1878.

3 Idem, p. 266, pl. 49, figs. 8-11.

( 308 )

apex; margin entire; nervation consisting of a straight midrib,

flexed, secondary nerves, on ies connecting the midrib and
lateral primaries, another series branching from the outer sides
of the lateral primaries, curving aigaa ultimately connecting

and icine a wavy, pseu aera a

Although only a piece of the leaf ee by this specimen
is preserved, it includes enough of the nervation to identify it,
with reasonable certainty, as a species of Zizyphus; but the
absence of the basal and apical parts makes any satisfactory
comparison or any complete description impossi

Locality and collectors: Cuba. ra del fanart Matanzas.
Bro. Leon and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

FamiLy GuTTIFERAE (CLUSIACEAE)
Genus Crusia Linnaeus
Clusia vera n. sp.
Plate 6, Figures 2, 3
Leaves broadly dees in outline, about ro centimenters in

length by 8 centimenters in maximum width; margin entire;
midrib apy ihn distally, expanded proximally; nerva-

li

upward, all suena: in an obscurely crenulated marginal or
paryphodrome nerv

These specimens are so closely similar to leaves of certain
existing species of Clusia (C. alba Jacq., C. grandiflora Splitz.,

. palmacida Rich., etc.) that it is practically impossible to
differentiate between them. The secondary nervation is some-
what obscurely defined and it is difficult to determine, with
certainty, if all of the nerves are equal in rank, but apparently
they are.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

(309 )

Famity FiacourtiacEaE
Genus Samypa Linnaeus
Samyda matanzensis n. sp.
Plate 14, Figure 1
Leaf linear- ores in shape, about 6 centmeters in length by
s

dentitions

This eat is closely similar to those of the existing species
Samyda grandiflora Griseb., with certain specimens of which it
might well be regarded as ope tically identica

Locality and collectors: Cuba. ra del fo, Matanzas.
Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

Famity Myrracrar
Genus Myrcra DeCandolle
Myrcia pseudorostrata n. sp.
Plate 8, Figure 6a
Leaf apparently oy ieee in shape, about 8 centimeters

in length, exclusive of the 1 ntimeter petiole, by 2.2 centimeters
in maximum width; een entire; nervation simply pinnate;

nervation obscure, forming fine reticulations in connection with
the secondaries.

The imperfect condition of this specimen makes accurate
comparison with either existing or fossil species impossible. It
is apparently, however, a species of Myrcia, of the same general
type as any one of several existing narrow leaved species, such
as M. rostrata DC., and is closely similar to M. reticulato-venosa
Engelhardt, from the Tertiary of Chile, which he compared
with the existing M. corcovadensts Berg.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

2 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber a ae aa von al Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 680, pl. 8, fig. I

(310)

Mprcia eugenioides n. sp.
Plate 9, Figures 6, 7

Leaves ovate-lanceolate in shape, petiolate, coriaceous in
texture, varying in size from 3 to 4 centimeters in length by 1.25

acuminate apex and below to a curved, wedge-shaped base;
laa ashe midrib straight above, slightly bent or curved
in the er part and terminating in a petiole about 2.5 milli-
ae in ene nervation, exclusive of the midrib, not dis-
cernible.

It is always unsatisfactory to attempt to identify fossil leaf
specimens from the shape alone; but in this instance there
appears to be but little doubt that we are dealing with leaves
that are referable to the Myrtaceae, and they may be compared
with those of the existing species Myrcia sylvatica DC., an
Eugenia procera Poir., in each of which there is considerable
variation in the shape and size of the leaves. Our Figure 6 is
also suggestive of a leaf from the Tertiary of the Republic of
Santo Domingo, described and figured by Berry! under the
name Sapindus hispaniolana, which appears to differ from our
Figure 6 merely in its more attenuated apex.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base of
second falls below Carretera Bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

Genus Eucenta Linnaeus
Eugenia comparabilis n. sp.
Plate 8, Figures 2-5, 65
Leaves oblong-ellipsoidal in shape, occasionally distally curved
or turned to one side, § to 6 centimeters in length by 2.25 to
2.50 centimeters in maximum width, tapering or ee abruptly
contracted to a blunt, apiculate apex, rounded below to a curved,
cuneate base; margins entire, and flexed or contorted in connec-
’ ae :

of d
for a greater or less distance proximally, flexed and curve
abruptly ‘pard distally, ultimately connected in a series of
. W. Tertiary plants from the Dominican Republic. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc. | 59, p. 122, pl. 21, fig. 3. 1921.

(311)

angular loops that form a continuous Sere Tea nerve,
with nervilles extending from the angles toward the margin;
tertiary cross nervation merged with the eter are second-
aries forming an irregular, ene network of polygonal
areolae.

I have inferred that our Figures 5 and 6) represent contorted
specimens, and that Figures 2-4 represent normal specimens of
the species. They may be compared with any one of a dozen
existing species in the genera Myrcia and Eugenia, such as
M. phaeoclada Berg., M. selloana Berg., E. coffeifolia DC., and
E. laid Rich.

They are also more or less suggestive of the fossil species
Myrcia one nitens Engelhardt,! from the Tertiary of
Chi

Locus) and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.
Genus Psipium Linnaeus
Psipium ? sp.
Plate 12, Figure 4

A fragmentary lower part of a leaf of unknown shape and
dimensions that, apparently, was coriaceous in texture, and
oblong or oblong- elliptical in shape, with a rounded, cuneate

se; argin entire; nervation pinnate; secondary nerves
prominent, ‘spaced irregularly at distances of about 5 to 6 milli-
me fro ch other, opposite, subopposite or alternate in

ters from ea
disposal, leaving ae midrib at obtuse angles of divergence,
curving upward distally.

This et is meena too fragmentary for satisfactory generic
identification. I have, however, referred it tentatively to the
genus Psidium, on account of its general resemblance to basal
portions of leaves of the existing species P. guajava L. and
P. pomiferum L.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9,
1915.

LEngelhardt, Hermann. Uber Tertiarpflanzen von Chile. Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 679, pl. 10, fig. 7. I

(312)

Famity MyrsinacEAE
Genus Getssantuus Hooker
Geissanthus brittoni n. sp.
Plate 2, Figures 2, 3
eaves obovate-spatulate in shape, more or less inequilateral,
varying in size from 6.5 centimeters in length by 3 centimeters

in maximum width . 8.5 centimeters in length by 4 centimeters
in maxi width, nen eal to a long, narrow base and

n an
forming a series of ae and Mane areolae that diminish in
i i ; mi ondary din

a reticulated network of polygonal areolae throughou

These specimens may be compared with the existing species
Geissanthus bangit Rusby, G. boliviana Britton, and Peekia
(Cybianthus) psychotriaefolia Rusby. As far as I am aware no
fossil species has been heretofore referred to either of these
genera, although several species have been recognized in other
genera of the Myrsinaceae.

T take great. pleasure in naming the species for Dr. N. L.
Britton to whose initiative we-are indebted for having brought
the material to light.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Genus Icacorea Aublet
Icacorea prisca n. sp.

Plate 11, Figure 5
Leaf ovate-ellipsoidal in shape, about 11 none in hae
enti to

leaving the midrib ae acute angles of divergence, the upper ones
at angles of about

It is with some coe that this imperfect specimen is
referred to the genus Icacorea; but it may be compared, more or

(313 )

less satisfactorily, with the existing species J. (Ardisia) latipes
Mart. The characters of the nervation, however, are too
obscurely defined for critical comparison.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June g, 1915.
Genus StyLocyne A. DeCandolle
Stylogyne? fragmenta n. sp.

Plate 10, Figure 6

Fragmentary remains a nies lees oopey a leaf about I1

centimeters in length by t5 ce in maximum width,
broadest above the male rats inequilateral with a curved,
cuneate base, concave on one side, x on the other; margin

entire; nervation a oores campt tocecieren cults: secondar ry
nerves flexed or wavy a angled, irregularly spaced, subtending
angles of approximately 60° with the midrib, curving upwar
ow

tertiar ne forming - reticulated network of
eae aan eee pea
he correct systematic position of this fragment must be
regarded as uncertain. It apparently belongs in the Myrsi-
naceae, and I have referred it, provisionally, to the genus Stylogyne
on account of its general resemblance to leaves of the existing
S. lateriflora (Sw.) Mez., as far as similar portions can be com-
ared.
Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

FamiLy SAPOTACEAE
Genus Bumetia Swartz
BuMELIA RECLINATAFOLIA Berry
Plate 14, Figure 9

Bumelia reclinatafolia Berry. Tertiary fossil plants from the
Dominican Republic. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 59, p. 125,
pl. 21, fig. 4. 1921.

There can be but little doubt that our specimen is identical
with the leaf from the Tertiary of the Republic of Santo Domingo,
described and figured under the above name by Berry (loc. cit.),

(314)

which he compared with the existing Bumelia reclinata Vent.
and B. angustifolia Nutt.; although it might be compared almost
equally well with leaves of existing species in the genus Maytenus,
as represented by M. elaeodendroides Griseb. and M. phyllan-
thoides Benth. In the absence of any traces of secondary
nervation, however, the differentiation between leaves of the
several species in the genera mentioned is practically impossible.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro. Leon and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

Genus Mrimusors Linnaeus
Mimusops leonii n. sp.
Plate 14, Figure ro

Leaf oblong-ovate in peed 6.5 centimeters in length by 3.25
centimeters in maxim width, curved-cuneate at the a
rounded and slightly ee at the’ apex; margin entire; nervation
pinnate; secondary a aabe leaving the midrib at obtuse aie
the lower ones at ri ngles, numerous, fine, irregularly dis-
posed, subparallel, ae straight.

This specimen may be compared with certain leaves of the
existing species Mimusops surinamensis Miq. I take pleasure
in naming it for Bro. Le6n, to whom we are indebted for much
of our information in regard to the fossil flora of Cuba.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro, Leén and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

Mimusops jumuriensis n. sp.
Plate 14, Figures 3, 4

Leaves roughly oblong i in shape, about 4 centimeters in length
by 2 centimeters in maximum width, rounded-truncate at the
)

irregularly disposed, subparallel, almost straight.

Although more or less fragmentary, these specimens appear to
be referable to leaves of certain species of the genus Mimusops,
and they may be compared with those of the existing M. parot-
folia (Nutt.) Radlk. They are also highly suggestive of AZ.
praeparvifolia Berry,! from the Tertiary of the Republic of Haiti,
which species he compared, also, with M. parvifolia. I am

1 Berry, E. W. ‘Tertiary fossil plants from ay a of Haiti. U.S.
Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 62, art. 14, p. 8, pl. 1, fig.

(315)

inclined to believe that the Haitian and Cuban specimens may
be specifically identical with each other; but our specimens are
too fragmentary for definite identification.

Locality and collectors: Cuba. Abra del Jumuri, Matanzas.
Bro. Leon and Fr. Roca, July 1918.

Famity APOCYNACEAE
Genus Piumiera Linnaeus
Plumiera alia n. sp.
Plate 5, Figure 1
unknown shape and dimensi ions, but gaa

mi er, sub-
tending angles of approximately 90° with the midri

Although this specimen is fragmentary, the peculiar and
characteristic secondary nervation leaves but little doubt that it
represents the genus to which it is here referred. Existing species
with which it may be most closely compared are Plumiera
sericifolia Wright, and P. emarginata Griseb., both of them
native in the West Indies.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Bluff just north of Moruga.
Van Ingen, March 19, 1

Plumiera evidens n. sp.
Plate 10, Figure 5
unknown shape and dimensions, but apparently

series of flattened angular loops that ane and form an
irregular, submarginal nerve.

This fragmentary specimen may be compared with the leaves
of any one of several existing species of Plumiera, more especially
with P. rubra L., P. bracteata A. DC., and P. succuba Spruce.
In its entirety it was, apparently, relatively long and narrow in

(316 )

shape, and similar in general appearance to Apocynophyllum
mexicanum Berry,! from an horizon in southern Mexico, tenta-
tively assumed to be of Miocene Tertiary age. It differs from
P. trinitensis, the species last described, in its more upright and
more widely spaced secondaries

Locality and collector: Porto Ric: Collazo River, near base
of second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9, 1915.

Genus Hancornia Gomez
Hancernia pseudopubescens n. sp.
Plate 11, Figure 7

Leaf of unknown shape and di pee aes pa deelae oblong or
oblong-elliptical, and pe ere 8 centimeters in length by 4
centimeters in maximum width; oe entire; ee

pinnate; secondary nerves fine, numerous, consisting of a major
and a minor series, between which it is often difficult to differ.
ee all leaving the midrib at almost right angles, more or

ss flexed or ga slightly — upward or almost straight,
connected by tiary cross nervation at the angles, forming
elongated aa hort po goer ie es that give ae ta arance
of a reticulated network, especially in the marginal re

This fragmentary specimen compares very aco in
shape and in the character of the nervation, with the median
parts of leaves of the existing species Hancornia speciosa Gomez
and H. pubescens Nees & Mart.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, at base of
second falls below Carretera bridge (‘‘Collazo shales, lowermost
of the series’’). Hubbard, rgrs.

Hancornia minor n. sp.
Plate r1, Figure 6

Leaf of unknown shape and dimensions, apparently linear
oblong-elliptical, and sae 6 centimeters in length by
2 centime in ma m width; margin entire; nervation

a
with each other, connected at the angles by tertiary cross

This (aeient may, possibly, be merely a narrow leaf form of
Hancornia sae sant the species last described, and it may

\ Berry, E. W. Miocene plants from Southern Mexico, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Proc. ay Pa art. 19, pl. 23, pl. 4, fig. 2. ie

(317)
be compared with narrow leaf forms of the existing species

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo Rives at base of
second falls below Carretera bridge (“Collazo shales, lowermost
of the series”). Hubbard, 1915.

Genus AspipospERMA Martius & Zuccarini
Aspidosperma collazoense n. sp.
Plate 11, Figures 1, 2

eaves narrowly orice Hee in shape, about 8

angles in the lower part of the leaf and at somewhat more acute
angles above, proceeding eae aes and subparallel to
within a short distance of the gin, where they apparently

become eee me and fierce a more or less into the tertiary
cross nervation.

These specimens may be more or less satisfactorily compared
with leaves of the existing species Aspidosperma polyneuron
Muell.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, at base of
second falls below Carretera bridge. Hubbard, June 9g, 1915.

Genus CameEraria Linnaeus
Cameraria (?) incerta n. sp.
Plate 8, Figure 1
Leaf pede shegalehet in shape, 3.8 centimeters in length by
2. 75 | . ntimeter ximum width; gevlae ee Rea Hey
midr ee ight; secondary ner 8, fine,
sent early Seas ae of about “Bo? with ie: midrib.
I have referred this specimen, tentatively, to the genus
Cameraria on account of its general resemblance to the existing
species, C. latifolia Jacq. Unfortunately the extremities of base
and apex in our specimen are lacking, but the indications are that
each was acute. The nervation is too obscurely defined for
accurate or satisfactory comparison, but it is strongly suggestive
of the Apocynaceae. It might also be compared with leaves of
Aspidospermum discolor A. DC. and A. dispermum Muell.

(318 )

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

Genus ApocynopHyLLuM Unger
Apocynophyllum pseudowillughbya n. sp.
Plate 11, Figure 3

Leaf ellipsoidal in shape, about 6 Garman in length by 3.25
centimeters in maximum oo curved to the base, abruptly
narrowed to the apex; margin entire; nervation pinnate;
secondary nerves fine, numerous, subtending almost ee angles
with the mi

This leaf, eae fragmentary, has the general shape and
the characters of nervation that suggest relationship with the
Apocynaceae; and it may be compared with the existing species
Willughbya scandens Willd., as far as its visible and indicated
original characters are concerned.

Locality and collector: Porto Rico. Collazo River, at base of
second falls below Carretera bridge. (“‘ Collazo shales, lowermost
of the series’’). Hubbard, 1915.

APOCYNOPHYLLUM sp.
Plate 13, Figure 3

A fragmentary peas of what was, apparently, a relatively
long and narrow Ris ith numerous fine, parallel s econdary
nerves subtendi ie of about 50° to 60° with the midrib,
and obscurely denned tertiary nervation.

I have assumed, from the general characters of the nervation,
that this fragmentary specimen belongs in the Apocynaceae, and
have referred it to the comprehensive fossil genus Apocyno-
phyllum. It may be compared with 4. tabellarum (Lesquereux)
Berry,! from the Eocene Tertiary of Tennessee, and with certain
narrow-leaved species of the existing genus Aidospernia

Locality and collector: Hispaniola. Cibao valley, Santo Do-
mingo. Gabb, 1

1Berry, E. W. The lower Eocene floras of southeastern North America.

S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 91, p. 343, pl. 103, fig. 5. 1916. (= Salix tabellaris
Lesquereux.)

(319)

Famity BIGNONIACEAE
Genus Bicnonta Linnaeus
Bignonia sensibilis n. sp.
Plate 15, Figure 5
af of unknown shape and dimensions, narrowed below to a

Le
broadly rounded, nee base; margin entire; nerva-

subbasilar, ascending, branched from the under or outer side;
upper secondaries irregularly sae alternate, subtending obtuse

angles with the midrib, curving upward; tertiary nervation
more or less regularly di ren bent, flexed, or almost straight,
subtending obtuse angles with the midrib and secondaries.

This is almost too imperfect a specimen for satisfactory
comparison, but it resembles so closely certain existing species of
Bignonia and allied genera that I feel justified in referring it to
that genus, regarded in its broadest sense. It may be compared
with Arrabidaea obovata DC., an existing Bolivian species of the
Bignoniaceae, and with the fossil ee Bignonia grandifolia
Engelhardt,! from the Tertiary of Chi

Locality and collectors: Cuba. ae River, Santa Clara.
Bro. Leén and Fr. Roca, Aug. 7, 1918.

Genus CrescenTIA Linnaeus

Crescentia [?] cucurBiTinoIpEs Berry

Plate 8, Figure 7; Plate 4, Figure 1
Crescentia cucurbitinoides aides Miocene plants from southern
exico. U.S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 62, art. 19, p. 24, pl. 5,
fig. 2.
Leaves inequilateral, more or less turned to one side, hes
in general shape, Io to II centimeters in length by 3.5 to 7

8
argin; tertiary nervation poorly d pia the cross

1 Engelhardt, Hermann. Uber Tertiarpflanzen von Chile. Senckenb. Naturf.
Gesellsch., Abh. vol. 16, no. 4, p. 660, pl. 10, fig. 6. 18

(320 )

These leaves are apparently specifically identical with Cres-
centia cucurbitinoides Berry (loc. cit.), from the Miocene Tertiary
of Southern Mexico—at least J can not discern any character
which might serve to differentiate them. e species was
referred to the genus Crescentia by Berry, through comparison
with C. cucurbitina L.; but there are several other genera with
which it might be about as satisfactorily compared, and I have
therefore questioned its unqualified reference to the genus
Crescentia.

Locality and collector: Trinidad. Porcellanite quarry, Siparia.
Van Ingen, April 7, 1921.

BOTANICAL DISCUSSION

The flora described in the preceding pages is exclusively
angiosperm and is composed of fifty-four species—using that
term in its broadest sense—included in eighteen families and
thirty or more genera.

The Monocotyledonae include seven species, of which four are
referred to the Arecaceae, two to the Musaceae, and one is not
identified, except as a monocotyledone of undetermined generic
and family relationship.

The Dicotyledonae include forty-nine species, grouped under
sixteen families and thirty-four genera; but the number of the
latter might be slightly reduced by the relegation of certain ones
to synonymy.

The Choripetalae number thirty-six species, included in twenty-
five genera and thirteen families. The two families most exten-
sively represented are the Leguminosae, with eight species
included in five genera, and the Moraceae, with seven species
included in two genera. The largest genus is Ficus with six
species.

The Gamopetalae number thirteen species, included in nine
genera and three families, of which the Apocynaceae, with eight
species included in five genera, is the largest. None of the
genera includes more than two species.

Not a trace of the Gymnospermae, the Pteridophyta, or any
of the lower classes of plants was found in any of the collections
examined.

It would be superfluous to discuss the obvious fact that the
flora is typically tropical in its generic elements; but it is of

(321)

interest to note that it is essentially an American flora, identical
generically and closely similar specifically with that which exists
in the West Indian region at the present time.

In the Monocotyledonae the fossil palm remains indicate rela-
tionship with the genera Acrocomia, Bactris, and, possibly, Sabal,
which are exclusively of New World distribution, and all are
native in the West Indies. The natural distribution of the genus
Musa in our existing flora is exclusively Old World, although it
was recorded as in cultivation in the earliest descriptions of the
West Indian region; and what were described as silicified remains
of banana leaves, apparently of Tertiary age, were recorded from
the Island of da has by Sylvester Hovey (see the present
paper, p. 263). The generic identification of these remains,
however, lacks satisfactory confirmation, and it would seem
advisable, in the circumstances, to regard the genus Muso-
phyllum, to which certain fossil species are referred, as repre-
senting merely relationship with the Musaceae rather than actual
identity with the genus Musa, as previously suggested and dis-
cussed in our descriptive text on pages 288 and 289.

If the Dicotyledonae are analysed generically it may be seen
that of the thirty-four genera represented in our collections
eleven are of cosmopolitan distribution, that is, they are common
m nite the oe World and the New. ‘These genera are Ficus,

na, Cassia, Sophora, Dalbergia, Ilex, Sapindus, Zizyphus,
LmUsOp f

Myrcia, Geissanthus, Icacorea, Bumelia, Hancornia, Plumiera,
Camerarja, .Aspidosperma, Bignonia, and Cee. are exclu-
sively American in their distribution.

We may infer, therefore, that the West Indian Tertiary flora,
in its generic elements, was identical with the existing flora of the
same region, and that a majority of its specific elements were so
closely similar to certain existing species of the islands and the
adjacent mainland of North America, Mexico, Central America,
and South America that it is almost janelle to differentiate
between them; and some of these would be regarded as speci-
fically identical if such identification could be considered as
justified, based upon surficial leaf characters alone.

Evidently the flora of the region has undergone very little
change or modification during the entire period of time that has

(322 )

elapsed since the Tertiary flora flourished there, and this indicates,
conclusively, that climatic conditions must have been uniform
throughout the same period and practically the same as those
that now obtain in the region.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Piate 1 (Trinidad)

PAGE

Fig. 1. Cassia sipariensisn. sp. Siparia... 2... ccc cee eee eee eee 303

Fic. 2. Musophyllum trinitense n. sp. Siparia.... 2... sec eee eee ee eee 288

Fic. 3. Monocotyledone of uncertain systematic affinities. Siparia....... 290

Fic. 4. Palmocarpon bactrioides n. sp. Siparia.... 0... cece cece eee ee eee 286
Priate 2 (Trinidad)

Fic. 1. Ficus porcellanarian. sp. Siparia........-..e eee eee cena eens 292
Fics. 2, 3. Getssanthus brittonin. sp. Siparia...........0. eee e eee ee eee 312
Piate 3 (Trinidad)

Fics. 14, 15, 2. Ficus comparabilisn.sp. Siparia.... 2... cece cece e cence 292
Pirate 4 (Trinidad)
1G. 1. Crescentia [?] cucurbitinoides Berry. ea Pee ea ee ieee 319
Fics. 24, 2b. Ficus comparabilis n. sp. Siparia............ seaere Galesee iis 292
Puate § (Trinidad)

Fic. 1. Plumiera alia n. s Moria eve ded 4 hit ced esa 315
Fics. 2-4 icus € nparabee n.sp.? Moruga........... ccc eee ee 293
IG. 5. Ficus pseudoeggersii n. sp. Siparia........ ccc cece eee eeeeee nee 293
Fic. 6. Inga pseudonobilis n. sp. Moruga........e ccc eee cece teens 301
Puate 6 (Trinidad)

Fic. 1. Coussapoa vaningeni n. te ae nda Se eb hea gaeeMedoss 296
Fics. 2, 3. Clusia veran. sp. Siparia... ccc. cece cece cece cece cence eeees 308
Puate 7 (Trinidad)

Ocotea pseudomartinicensis n. sp. Siparia........ ccc ca eee eeeeeee 299
Puate 8 (Trinidad)
1G. 1. Cameraria (?) incerta n. sp. Siparia.... 00... ccc ccc eee eee 317
Fics. 2-5, enia comparabilis n. sp. Siparia.......cecc cece eens 310
1G. 64a. Myrcia pseudorostrata Aa Plate God Ganda ers ewer 309
Fic. 7. Crescentia [?] cuctaa noite: “Beray Siparias es.ccww cesta ead 319
Puate g (Porto Rico)
Fic. 1. Palmophyllum sp. Collazo River... 00... .c cece cece cue e ee eeee 285
Fic. 2, Palmophyllum sp. (fragment of petiole)? Collazo River.......... 286
Fic. 3. Anona saraviana Berry? Guajataca River. .........cc.cee eee 298
Fics. 4, ; ie portoricensis n. sp. Guajataca River.............--05 300
sie 1a ae ae n. s Collazo iver 310

( 323 )

PiaTE 10 (Porto Rico)

PAGE
Fics. 1, 2. Sapindus obesusn.sp. Collazo River. ....... 0. cece eee eee 307
Fic. 3. Sophora (?) suspecta n. sp. Collazo River........... 00. e eee eee 304
Fic. 4. Cassia (?) dubiosan.sp. Collazo River...... 2.0... c cece ees 304
Fr Plumiera evidens n. sp lazo Rivefisiisd counties iw aw feeeaas 315
Fic. 6. Stylogyne (?) fragmenta n. sp ma Obes EG ethic ee eater aoe 313
Fic. 7. Inga pseudonobilis n. sp. Collazo River. ......0- eee eee eee eee 301
Fic. 8. Pithecolobium a Nn. sp. * Caitase River .......... 302
Piate 11 (Porto Rico)
Fics. 1, 2. Aspidosperma collazoense n. sp. Collazo River............... 317
Fic. 3. Apocynophyllum pseudowillughbya n. sp. Collazo River........... 318
Fic. 4. Pithecolobium vexatioum n. sp. Collazo River................006- 303
Fic. 5. Jcacorea priscan.sp. Collazo River. .... 0... eee cece eee eee 312
Fic Hancornia minor n. sp. Collazo River..... 2... 00. e cee eee ees 316
Fic. 7. Hancornia pseudopubescens n. sp. Collazo River. ..........-.-00 316
PuatE 12 (Porto Rico)
Fics. 1-3. Laurophyllum dubiosum n. sp. Collazo River............5026 300
Fic. 4. Psidium (2?) sp. Collazo River...... ccc cece eee ce eee eee eens 31l
Fic. 5. Inga (?) sp. Co’ IVET ss stot cew ease cei acueedesseee en 301
Fic. 6, Inga sanchezensis Berry (introduced for comparison).............- 301
Piate 13 (Hispaniola)
Fic. 1. Swietenia sp. Santo Domingo. ......... 00... c cece eee cee eee 305
Fic. 2. Ficus sp. Santo Domingo... ...... ec cee eee ee eee eee eee ee eeee 295
Fic. 3. Apocynophyllum sp. Santo Domingo............00 cece ee een eee 318
Fic. 4. Palmocarpon acrocomioides n. sp. Santo Domingo.............4- 287
Fic. 5. Dalbergia gabbin. sp. Santo Domingo. ........... cee eee eee nee 305
1G. 6. Ficus domingensis n. sp. Santo Domingo... ........6ee ee eeeeeee 294
Piate 14 (Cuba)
Fic. 1. Samyda sae Nesp. Matanzas.ccsciiids siege setae 309
Fic. 2. Musophyllum Matanzas. . 02 vee hcas sede ovietageenliawece 290
Fics. 3, 4. Nae ee sp. Matanzas...............0200ee 314
Fic. 5. Zizyphus sp. Matanzas.... 2... cece cece teeter eee teenes 307
Fics. 6, 7. Ilex pseudocassine n. sp. Matanzas........-..-+0ee sere ere ee 306
Fic. 8. Ilex pseudomyrtifolia n. sp. Matanzas.........-.+. eee eres eee 306
Fic. 9. Bumelia reclinatafolia ae Matanzas snc. ited cease aia 313
Fic. 10. Mimusops leoniin. sp. Matanzas........----.. eee eee e eens 314
Fic. 11. Ficus pseudoeggersiin. sp. Santa Clara...........6.-. ss eeeeee 293
Piate 15 (Cuba)
Fics. 1, 2. Neciandra pseudoantillana n. sp. Santa Clara..............-. 298
Fics. 3, 4. Coccoloba simulans n. sp. Santa Clara.......-.... ses see eeee 296
Fic. 5. Bignonia sensibilis n. sp. Santa Clara... 1... ccc esses eee cease 319

Fic. 6. Ficus pseudonitida n. sp. Santa Clara....... cece seers e ener cneee 295

Buiietin or Toe New Yorx Botanical GARDEN VOLUME I2, PLATE

HOLLICK: Foss Frora or THE West InpiEs (Trinrpap)

HOLLICK: Fossiz

HOLLICK: Fossit Frora or THE Wesr Inpres (Trinrpap)

Boutietin or Toe New York Boranicat GARDEN VoLUME I2, PLATE 4

HOLLICK: Foss Frora or THE West InpiEs (TrinpaD)

Buiietin or THe New York Botanica, GARDEN VOLUME I2, PLATE §

° (
HOLLICK: Fosstu Fiona oF tHe West Inpies (Trinipap)

FLora OF THE

HOLLICK: Fossiz

HOLLICK: Fossiz

HOLLICK: Foss1u Fiora or tHe West Invizs (Porro Rico)

Butretin or Tue New Yorx Boranicay Garpen VoLUME 12, PLATE IO

f
HOLLICK: Foss Fiora or THE West Inpres (Porto Rico)

Bu.ietin or Tue New Yorx Botanrcat GARDEN VOLUME I2, PLATE II

Ly.

SSAAANN

7
/

ELil,

ae

Pag
Ci

pot Jace

HOLLICK: Fossiz Frora or toe West Inpizs (Porto Rico)

Butietin or Toe New York Botanica, GarpENn VoLUME I2, PLATE 12

ae LACE VMIar.

6
HOLLICK: Fossit Firora of THE West Inpies (Porto Rico)

uy DEMO i]

UM ERY...

a

(HisPaNnioL

INDIES

WEsT

HOLLICK: Foss1n Fiora oF THE

in oF THe New York Botanica GARDEN

Buiet

10
HOLLICK: Fossiu Fiora or THE West Invies

(Cusa)

VOLUME 12, PLATE I5§

Butretin or Toe New Yorx Botanica, GARDEN

HOLLICK: Fosstt Frora oF tHE West Inpies (Cusa)

Hemlock and Its Environment
I. FIELD RECORDS
By Bargincton Moore, Hersert M. Ricnarps, H. A. GLeason, anv A. B. Stour *

In the spring of 1922 The New York Botanical Garden under-
took a study of its hemlock grove and of hemlock forests in
general, with a view to determining, so far as possible, the con-
ditions under which hemlock grows and the causes of this isolated
hemlock forest on the Botanical Garden grounds. ‘The informa-
tion would be of value not only in the perpetuation of the hemlock
grove but in practical forestry. A fairly comprehensive plan
was adopted, calling for field records of climatic conditions,
soil investigations, and laboratory experiments under controlled
conditions. e work was started, and such instrumental
records secured as the limited facilities would permit. It has not
yet been possible to commence the soil and laboratory work,
although it is hoped that something of a comparatively simple
nature may be under way by next winter. Since the field
records, though covering but a single season and only a compara-
tively small number of environmental factors, are yet a more or
less complete unit of the larger project, they are presented by
themselves as Part I of the hemlock study. We are fully aware
of the fact that we have merely scratched the surface of an
extremely interesting and important problem, and hope some
day, if the facilities become available, to carry the work further.

Purpose or Part I or THE STUDY

The purpose of the first part of the investigation was to find
out something of the climatic conditions under which hemlock
grows, and the requirements of hemlock for moisture and temper-
ature. It was also desirable to ascertain, if possible, the position
of hemlock forests in the developmental series of the types of
vegetation which occur in the region. Botanists recognize that

1Hemlock Committee of The New York Botanical Garden. The Committee
gratefully acknowledges the helpful codperation of the Yale Forest School, the
New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, and the Department
of Forestry of Cornell University.

(325)

(326 )

the vegetation which occupies the ground today is not necessarily
the same as that which has been there in the past or which will
be there in the future, if the area is left undisturbed. Vegetation,
or associations of plants, like the individual plants, is subject to
the laws of evolution. It progresses from lower and simpler to
higher and more complex forms. For example, in Eastern
United States, a rock ledge in the open will first become covered
with drought-resistant lichens. As the rock weathers, and soil is
ormed, herbs can establish themselves and enrich the soil with
their remains. Then come shrubs, and these are followed by
drought-resistant trees. Generally these trees are light-demand-
ing species, such as gray birch, juniper, and so forth. Under
these trees the more shade-enduring species establish themselves
and eventually crowd out the pioneers. e highest type of
forest possible in the region is known as the climax forest. Eac
successive type creates to a certain extent its own environment,
and the climax is the richest, and generally the most moist and
densest forest which the climate will produce. In drier climates,
like the western plain or semi-arid mountains, the climax vegeta-
tion is grassland or brush.

In this particular case we would like to know whether the
hemlock or the hardwoods represent the climax forest. The
hardwoods are the common growth, and formed a large part of
the virgin forests of the region when the earlier settlers arrived.
But hemlock is more shade-enduring than any of our hardwoods
hereabouts, except for beech and sugar maple, and other things
being equal, should be able to crowd out the oaks if there were no
fire, cutting, or other disturbance. Theoretically, therefore,
from standpoint of shade more especially, the hemlock forest
appears to be a higher type than the mixed oaks, and to be the
climax. If so, the conditions beneath it, the environment which
it makes for itself, should be more favorable than that prevailing
under the oak forest. Various authorities consider the hemlock
as one of the most important constituents of the climax for this
region if forest fires are kept out, although they believe it to be a
question whether or not pure hemlock is the climax.

ENVIRONMENTAL Factors AND INSTRUMENTS
In this study it was not possible to measure all the factors of
the environment which we know influence plants. We were

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obliged to select for determination certain conditions which
would serve as indicators of others. e two most important
sets of conditions are moisture and temperature. As an index o
moisture we measured evaporation, because in turn evaporation
is influenced by factors which influence transpiration, or water
loss, by the plant, such as temperature, relative humidity, and
wind movement. Of course no instrument which has been or
probably ever could be devised would respond to evaporation in
the same way that the plant does. On account of the living
protoplasm which it contains, the plant, when exposed to unfavor-
able external factors, sets up internal resistances which we are
unable to imitate in our instruments. Evaporation therefore
tells us the conditions to which the plant is subjected, not the
rate of water loss or of other life processes of the plant. The
instruments selected for evaporation were Livingston porous cup
atmometers, the evaporating surface being a white sphere of
porous porcelain which draws distilled water up from a reservoir
bottle to which it is attached by a glass tube. A mercury seal in
the tube permits the upward passage of the water, but prevents
its downward flow, and thus keeps out rain. The instruments
are read by measuring the quantity of water required to refill the
reservoir bottle. This gives the total amount of water evapo-
rated, in cubic centimeters, since the last reading, whenever that
may have been. In this case readings were made once a week.
The instruments are standardized, so that by the application of a
correction coefficient the results are comparable with those from
similar instruments anywhere else. It might be added that the
instrument is widely used in studying plant environments
throughout the country, so that the records taken in this investi-
gation can be compared with those for other vegetation in other
regions.

In addition to the white spheres, black spheres were used.
The black absorbs sunlight to a certain extent, so that the
difference between the readings of the black and white spheres
gives a rough measure of sunlight, a very important environ-
mental factor. ‘These sunlight, or solar radiation readings were,
however, not entirely satisfactory. Under a forest canopy
fleck of sunlight may strike the white sphere while the black
is in the shade, and it is impossible to obtain uniform light for
both black and white instruments. Hence the white sometimes
gives higher readings than the black, an obvious contradiction.

(328 )

The atmometers were placed so that the spheres were approx-
imately from six to eight inches above the ground. In this way
they show the conditions to which the tree seedlings are subjected
in becoming established. his is perhaps the most important
level under a forest, because the seedlings are the future genera-
tion, on which the forest depends for its perpetuation.

As a further measure of moisture, standard Weather Bureau
rain gauges were installed in the forest. Tests by Horton ! have
shown that tree crowns intercept considerable amounts of
precipitation which is evaporated and never reaches the soil.
The proportion varies with the density of the crown and the
duration and intensity of the rain. But he has found an average
of about 25 per cent for most trees in heavy rains of long duration.
In Europe, observations by Matthieu ? have shown an intercep-
tion of 5.8 per cent. in winter and II per cent. in summer.
Reigler * found that beech intercepted 21.8 per cent, oak 20.7
per cent, maple 22.5 per cent and spruce 58.8 per cent. It
would obviously be extremely interesting to find out how much
hemlock intercepts. There are indications that the slow growth
of vegetation under a forest is due not only to shade, but also
partly at least to lower moisture resulting from the competition
of tree roots and from the interception of precipitation by the
crowns.

There are certain difficulties in ee the interception of
precipitation by a forest canopy, because the rain which reaches
the forest floor is not uniformly ee Probably more drips
off the end of the branches than comes through the crown, so that
a part of the forest floor may receive more than the open, and
another part under the crown considerably less. Obviously it
would require a large number of rain gauges distributed with
reference to the crowns to determine just the amount received by
the forest floor. This was impracticable in the present study.

The temperature conditions were measured by taking weekly
readings of the maximum and minimum temperature of the air
about 8 inches above the ground, and of the soil at depths of 6
inches and 18 inches. Each reading represented the coldest and

1 Horton, R. E. aera a Mon. Weath. Rev. 47: og 1917.

® Matthieu, A. ‘‘Metéorologie comparée agricole et forestiére,”’

®Quoted by B. E. fae, “Forest Influences.” U.S. De oe ene
Forestry Division, Bull. 7: 131. rgo02.

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warmest temperatures at these important points during the past
week,
SELECTION OF STATIONS

The selection of stations was made with a view to covering as
wide a range of conditions as practical considerations woul

permit. Thanks to the generous codperation of the Yale Forest
School the Department of Forestry at Cornell University, and
the State College of Forestry at Syracuse, it was possible to
secure a distribution of stations which represented fairly well the
northern and southern as well as middle portions of the range of
the hemlock type. In this particular project we are interested
rather in the distribution of hemlock forests than in the range of
the tree as a botanical specimen, which, of course, is wider than
the range of the forest.

The hemlock grove on the grounds of The New York Botanical
Garden represents the most southerly extension of this type of
forest along the Atlantic Coast. Accordingly this was taken as
the southerly point in the series. It should be pointed out,
however, that in all probability the reasons why this grove is the
most southerly representative of the type along the coast are not
wholly climatic. There seem to be also physiographic causes.
South of New York the coastal plain forms a wide belt extending
back from the Atlantic ocean. New York is the most southerly
point at which the older crystalline rocks come close to the sea.
Hemlock is primarily a tree of rocky places and rugged slopes,
rather than of deep soils and level stretches such as characterize
the coastal plain.

The middle points, or optimum, in the hemlock type were
taken at Ithaca and near New Haven. Although New Haven is
at about the same latitude as New York, it is distinctly cooler,
and is in the midst of thriving hemlock forests which seem to do
almost as well as anywhere outside of the well-known stands in
Pennsylvania which it was impracticable to include. he
northerly point selected was at Cranberry Lake in the Adiron-
dacks, where the tree no longer forms pure stands, but occurs in
groups in the predominant northern hardwoods end spruce forest.

DESCRIPTION OF STATIONS

At The New York Botanical Garden the yereacneael
records were taken not only in the midst of the hemlock grove but

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at three other stations for comparison. The first station was

placed in the open about 300 yards west of the hemlock grove,
and about 100 yards north of the Museum building. The aim
was to measure e the conditions themselves, uninfluenced by the
forest. This gives a basis or starting point from which we can
tell how the eee has changed conditions. It also represents
the environmental factors which the forest must encounter in
becoming established.

The second station was in the hemlock grove proper. In
order to have it as fairly representative as possible, and avoid
local variations due to slopes which cut off the wind and so forth,
it was placed approximately on top of the ridge with exposure on
all sides, but completely surrounded by hemlock. There is a
small proportion of oak scattered through the hemlock forest,
and the station happened to be near a white oak. This probably
does not appreciably affect the results. There was no under-
growth, and the forest floor was the usual mat of hemlock
needles with a sprinkling of oak leaves. There was no young
growth of hemlock.

The third station was on the transition line between the
hemlock and hardwood types. It was on a gentle slope about
zoo yards south of the hemlock station. On one side the forest
was predominantly hemlock. The instruments were placed
under a mixture of hemlock and beech. There was very little
undergrowth, and the forest floor was covered with a thin layer
of hemlock needles and beech leaves.

The fourth station was under a typical hardwood forest about
150 yards south of the transition station, on the east side of a low
gently sloping ridge. The instruments were beneath the outer
crown of a large white oak about 30 inches in diameter at 414 feet
above the ground. There was an understory of dogwood and
witch hazel, with a considerable amount of herbaceous under-
growth on the leaf-covered forest floor. There was also a small
amount of oak reproduction. The contrast between this light-
green deciduous forest with its variety of different species, and
the rather sombre pure hemlock such a short distance away was
indeed striking.

The hemlock forest on the Botanical Garden grounds is
mature, well over 100 years old. While it may be second growth
following a former stand which was cut or burned many

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years ago, it has never been disturbed except for the removal! of
dead trees and the trampling of the ground by numerous visitors.
This apparently unavoidable trampling, and the absence of
mossy logs which form such a favorable seed-bed for hemlock,
are probably in large part responsible for the lack of reproduction.
The oak forest seems to be very old, and has the appearance of
being a remnant of the virgin forest which clothed the region
when the first white men arrived. The trees are, of course,
not the same ones, but their direct successors, and are probably
well over 100 years old.
or the vicinity of New Haven it was originally planned to
have a station in a pure hemlock forest and another under hard-
woods. It was finally decided, however, on the recommendation
of Prof. Hawley and Dr. Nichols, to have two hemlock stations on
markedly different sites, one on a moist north slope, and another
on a dry ridge top, in order to determine the actual differences
between the extremes for the type. Prof. Hawley and Dr.
Nichols are of the opinion that in all probability the climax in
general would be a mixed forest of hemlocks and hardwoods,
with hemlock commonly predominant and frequently forming
pure stands. Certainly the hemlock formerly was much more
widely distributed than now; probably it predominated over
large areas where today it is absent. An examination of the
forest on Saltonstall Ridge, which has been protected from fire by
the New Haven Water Company for the past I5 years or so,
revealed hemlock reproduction coming up everywhere under the
hardwoods. It would seem, therefore, that records under a
hardwood forest would merely show conditions in a stage in the
successional series leading up to the hemlock climax. Extremes
for the hemlock were considered of more interest. Both stations
were established on Saltonstall Ridge under forests of pure
hemlock. The one on the north slope was young and thrifty,
with practically no undergrowth near the instruments, and the
usual cover of needles. The soil here was a fairly deep reddish
brown glacial till. The ridge top stand was mature, but the
trees were short and rather small. The canopy was less dense
than on the north slope, and there was a little shrubby and
herbaceous undergrowth. The soil was very shallow, and the
trap rock which forms the back-bone of the ridge cropped out
here and there. Hemlock reproduction was abundant in the
openings near both stations.

(332)

Cornell established two stations also, one in hemlock and the
other in hardwoods. They were about two miles east of the
University, just below the general plateau level in a shallow
valley. The hemlock station was in a stand of over go per cent.
hemlock, the trees being from 12 to 24 inches in diameter at 444
feet above the ground, and averaging 80 feet in height. The
only hardwoods, but not right at the station, were an ash and two
sugar maples. Around the instruments the forest floor was the
usual bare covering of needles, with practically no undergrowth.
The hardwood station was about 250 yards away on a moderate
slope with a general northerly exposure. The stand was com-
posed principally of fair-sized beech, white oak and sugar maple;
there were scattered hemlocks, but not nearer than 100 feet
from the instruments. The instruments were placed under a
beech tree. A hemlock seedling was found not far from the
instruments, and a little scattered hardwood reproduction,
with a sparse growth of herbs and shrubs on the leaf mat. It
is not unlikely that if protected from fire or other disturbance the
hemlock would seed in under the hardwoods and eventually form
a considerable if not a preponderant part of the stand. Thus this
hardwood forest may be a stage in the successional series leading
to the hemlock climax or to a mixture of hemlocks and hardwoods.

The State College of Forestry station was selected with Dr.
Bray in a piece of virgin forest on the New York State Forest
Preserve near Cranberry Lake in the western Adirondack
Mountains. The forest is predominantly a mixture of beech,
yellow birch, sugar maple, and red spruce, with only a compara-
tively small amount of hemlock and an occasional group of
magnificent towering old white pines. Some difficulty was
experienced in finding a pure hemlock group containing a sufficient
number of trees close enough together to form a typical hemlock
canopy. Finally, however, a group of half a dozen very large old
trees was selected under which the forest floor was very much like
that in a typical hemlock forest. It was on a saddle of a small
ridge about 200 feet vertically above the lake, and about a
quarter of a mile from it.

Recorps anp INTERPRETATION
The New York and New Haven stations were established
shortly after the middle of April. The Cranberry Lake station

( 333)

was set up on May 4, and in digging the holes for the soil ther-
mometers, frozen ground was encountered a few inches below the
surface. The Ithaca stations were established May 12. All the
stations were read once a week on the same day until October s,
except for the Cranberry Lake station which was discontinued
after September 21.

ll the records have been plotted on cross-section paper so as to
bring out the relations between the different stations graphically.
For each environmental factor, all the New York stations were
plotted together, but without the other stations, in order to show
the relations between conditions in the open, in the hemlock
forest, and in the hardwoods. On another set of charts were
plotted for each factor, the two New Haven stations, the two
Ithaca stations, Cranberry Lake, and the New York hemlock
station. All these stations, it will be noticed, were in the hemlock
type, except the hardwoods at Ithaca. Therefore this second set
of charts should show the environmental relations between
examples of the hemlock type in different parts of its range.
They should give us a picture of the differences between certain
environmental factors in different hemlock forests. With the
range of conditions covered we should have some indication of
range of requirements of the type. Since the records cover only a
single season, it is impossible to say that they represent definite
limits, but they do have a distinct relative value, and bring out
some rather interesting and unexpected relationships.

The plotting of these two sets of charts for each factor which
had to be examined required the plotting of a total of 24 charts,
including 120 curves.!' It will be impossible to reproduce more
than a limited number of charts which are typical, or illustrate
special features. ‘The detailed records are also too voluminous to
publish in full, so only the totals and averages will be presented.?

Evaporation

The average daily evaporation for each week from May 12th to
October 5th at the four stations on The New York Botanical
Garden grounds is shown graphically in figure 1. The relation-

1 For this laborious and oman task thanks are due to Miss Hester M. Rusk
of The New York Botanical Garden

2 The records are on file at The oe York Botanical eeaer which will furnish
copies to qualified persons at the cost of reproduction

(334)

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(335)

ships between the different forest types stand out very clearly,
and are consistent throughout the season.

The open station, as would be expected, shows a much higher
rate of evaporation than any of the forest stations, and gives a
measure of the protection which the forest canopy offers against
heavy drains upon moisture. It must be remembered of course
that the favorable influence of shelter from forces which raise the
transpiration of plants is counterbalanced by the unfavorable
effect of shade

TABLE I.
EvaporaTION, PRECIPITATION, TEMPERATURE, AND SoLaR RADIATION FoR StaA-

vions IncLupep 1n THE Hemiock Srupy, May 12 To SEPTEMBER 21, 1923,

E

Evaporation is the average daily in cubic centimeters for white atmometers;
precipitation is the total in inches; temperature the average in degrees F.; solar
radiation average daily in c.c.

~| a0] 30/3] 88/820] Bo | ot | «8
fe | ae | Be | oe | ge BES] 28 | 22 | 22
On | So | de | Be | OS [226] Aj se | By
fon fecstale Beta fetal d mls
Evaporation........... 23.3 [12.2 |] 9.0 | 89 | 12.0 | 10.3 | 7.5 | 17.8 | 11.8
aie Totals
panera oese tere 10.05] 10.05] 10.05] 10.05] 9.09} 9.09] 11.78] 9.00! 9.00
Fo: rest Stations Sopmoehses 9.16) 9.77| 10.20} 4.64] 5.53 f ie 6.18] 5.37
Interception......... 89] .28 4.35| 3-45 2.82] 3.63
pet Do es wicnes 9% | 3% 48% | 38% 3 31% | 43%
Temperatures
Air
Make. ci 20st 89.9 | 85.0 | 84.7 | 81.6 | 80.6 | 80.1 | 75.4 181.7 [81.7
Miniy ces nea pees 49.2 153-1 | 53-8 | 53-7 | 50-1 | 48.2 | 37.8 | 42.3 | 43.6
Mean.........-.-- 69.5 | 69.0 | 69.3 | 67.7 | 65.4 |63-7 156.6 | 61.9 | 62.6
oil
Soil 6 in ;
Max.car'sdsctewe 78.1 [66.4 | 66.7 | 68.4 | 65.6 | 62.6 1’59.3 | 62.8 | 62.5
Milles ccceainaeaces 62.4 | 58.7 | 58.9 | 59-7 156.8 | 55-6 | 47-5 | 51-4 [51.8
Mean......---06-- 70.3 | 62.5 |62.8 | 64.0 | 61.2 159.1 | 53-4 157-1 157.2
Soil 18 in.
Max........--.0 05: 67.4 161.9 |61.2 | 62.5 159.5 157-2 | 51-6 | 56.1 | 57.2
Mibisan ache sak ee 62.6 57.7 | 56.6 | 59.1 | 57-6 |53-9 | 46.9 | 51.8 | 52.7
Mean......-+-++5: 65.0 | 59-8 | 58.9 | 60.8 158.5 | 55.5 149.2 | 54.0 | 55.0
Solar Radiation........ 7.4 | 10] 09 | 1-1 | 09 | 03 | 0.36) 0.45) 0.7

The most interesting and significant feature of the chart is that
it shows the evaporation under the hemlock forest to be distinctly

(336)

and consistently higher than that under the hardwoods throughout
the entire season. So far as evaporation is concerned—and it is a
pretty fair index of moisture—the hemlock type is drier than the
mixed oaks. ‘This is contrary to all expectations, and its bearing
on our conception of developmental trends in vegetation will be
discussed more fully below

The Ithaca hemlock and hardwoods, we see from Table I, had
exactly the same average daily evaporation for the season, so that
they neither corroborate nor contradict the New York results.
But the hemlock at Ithaca was consistently a little higher than
the hardwoods for an uninterrupted period extending from June
2 to August i or the longest and most important part of the
growing season. Furthermore, in describing the stations we
hinted that ne particular piece of hardwoods may possibly be
merely a stage in a successional series leading to the hemlock
type or to a stand with a considerable proportion of hemlock in
mixture.

The explanation of the higher evaporation under hemlock
as compared with hardwoods is probably to be found in the
practically bare needle-covered forest floor of the hemlock
which, in spite of its shadiness, is rather dry. nder the oak
type, ae shrubby and herbaceous vegetation may lower the rate
of evaporation by checking the circulation of air, and also by
raising the relative humidity through the moisture they give off
as transpiration. Measurements of the relative humidity would
be needed to determine this poi

The hardwood forest and transition between hardwoods and
hemlock have nearly the same rate of evaporation, the curves
almost coinciding throughout (See Figure 1). At the end of the
season the transition averaged only .1 c.c. per day higher than the
hardwoods. This amount is too small to warrant consideration:
but is in agreement with the higher rate for hemlock.

The average daily evaporation for all stations, given in Table I,
shows that, aside from Cranberry Lake, the evaporation under
hemlock forests is almost the same, even when the forests are
hundreds of miles apart. The markedly lower evaporation at
Cranberry Lake is to be expected because of the northerly
location of the station. The difference between the evaporation
under the New York hemlock and the New Haven ridge top
station is only .2 c.c. per day. The fact that New Haven is a

(337)

trifle lower than New York in spite of its drier appearance, is
probably accounted for by the slightly lower air temperature.
The evaporation at the Ithaca hemlock station was only .2 c.c.
lower than the New Haven ridge top, possibly accounted for by
being a little cooler, and only .4 c.c lower than New York.

The similarity between the evaporation in widely separated
hemlock forests is rendered all the more striking by the small
difference between such extreme examples of the type as the two
stations on Saltonstall Ridge near New Haven. The ridge top
was about as dry looking a hemlock site as one could find, while
the north slope was moist and obviously favorable. In fact, as
noted above, the stations were selected to bring out the contrasts
between dry and moist hemlock forests. Yet the difference
between the rate of evaporation under the two sites was only 1.7
c.c. per day for the season. Expressed in terms of percentages,
the evaporation on the favorable site was only 14 per cent lower
than that on the dry site. In terms of New York hemlock as
100, the New Haven ridge top was 98, and the north slope 84.
Thus, excluding Cranberry Lake for the moment, the total
range between extreme hemlock sites about 300 miles apart was
only 1.9 c.c. per day, or 16 percent. Yet the difference between
the hemlock and hardwood forests on the New York Botanical
Garden grounds about the same number of yards apart was 3.3
c.c. per day, or 29 per cent.

Even when Cranberry Lake is included, the difference in rate
of evaporation between the extreme north and south examples of
hemlock is only 4.7 c.c. per day. In terms of New York as 100,
Cranberry Lake is 62.

The natural tendency would be to discount a considerable part
of these results on the ground of their covering only a single
season, if it were not for similar work on Mt. Desert Island,
Maine, covering three seasons representing extremely dr
unusually wet summers. e Mt. Desert results showed that

evaporation was different, though not very much so in the two
dry years, but the percentage relations of the forest types held
consistently. For example, the evaporation at the =
station during the three years, expressed in terms of the pitch
pine forest as 100, was 28, 24 and 29. The middle number

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represents the moist year. The differences in evaporation
between different forest types on Mt. Desert Island less than
4 miles apart, were very much greater than the differences in
evaporation in the hemlock type, even including Cranberry

ake. For example, taking white pine and spruce, both with
complete forest canopies casting practically full shade similar to
hemlock; white pine was 11.6 as against 4.0 for spruce in the wet
year, and 17.4 as against 7.0 for spruce in the dry year. Compare
these figures with a range of only from 12. ‘< to 7. 5 for hemlock at
The New York Botanical Garden and the A k Mountains
Furthermore, it is of more than passing interest that the hemlock
evaporation, taking the stations as a whole, fits remarkably well
into the Mt. Desert island series, being distinctly higher than
spruce and lower than white pine, just as we would expec

The similarity between the different hemlock stations nous
not only in the seasonal averages, but on the chart of weekly
evaporation. Cranberry Lake stands out on account of being
the lowest, but the others criss-cross inextricably. We can
perhaps get some of the relationships by counting the number
of times (weekly readings) each station was the highest of all.

e chart covers 22 weeks, from May 12 to October § inclusive.
Cranberry Lake does not begin till May 19 and ends September
21, but this does not affect the following figures. The
Haven ridge top was highest 6 out of the 22 weeks, Ithaca was
highest 5 times, New York 4 times, and Cranberry Lake twice.
During the Sthee 4 weeks the eee hardwoods were highest.
The north slope at New Haven was never highest. This gives
an indication of how the curves cross and re-cross. ‘The averages
given in Table I represent conditions fairly well.

Precipitation

The total ar aan at each station from May 12 to Septem-
ber 24 is given in Ta . The charts of precipitation need not
be reproduced. ‘The curves for the stations outside of New York,
and New York hemlock, across and recross owing to the different
time at which the precipitation occurs. The New York curves
run along close together

We were fortunate in being able to secure figures for the pre-
cipitation in the open near the other stations as well as at New

ork. For the New Haven stations the Water Company has a

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rain gauge near Saltonstall ridge, the records of which were
kindly supplied by Mr. Leonard M. Tarr of the Weather Bureau.
For Ithaca, Mr. W. M. Wilson kindly furnished us with records
for a station two miles east of Ithaca, and therefore rather near
to the Cornell stations. These gauges nearer our stations gave
slightly higher readings than the ones of the Weather Bureau in
the towns of Ithaca and New Haven.

The amounts of precipitation in the open have been inserted in
Table I, and from them the amounts under the forest subtracted.
The differences represent the net interception by the forest
canopy for the particular spot s where the rain gauges were

actually higher than in the open. This happened with rg of the
readings at the New York stations, where we fortunately have
daily as well as weekly records. It also occurred occasionally at
New Haven. These higher readings under the forest must
have been due for the most part to dripping from the ends of the
branches which may have been more pronounced under some con-
ditions than under others.

Except at the New York stations, the net interception was
considerable, running from 31 per cent at the Ithaca hemlock to
48 per cent. for the New Haven ridge top, or from nearly a third
to nearly a half. At New Haven the north slope interception is
decreased by two periods during which the gauge at this station
showed considerably more than inthe open. If the excess for the
north slope station in these periods were eliminated, the intercep-
tion would be 47 per cent, or practically the same as the ridge top.
At New York, even if we eliminated the amounts in excess of the
open readings, the interception would still be small, only 13 per
cent. for hemlock, 11 per cent. for the transition and 6 per cent.
for the hardwoods. Just why interception at the New York
stations is so much less than at the others is not clear, unless the
gauges at all three of these stations were nearer the edge of the
crowns than at the five other stations. This hardly seems
probable. It may be that the character of the precipitation, in
particular the prevalence of short heavy showers near New York,
has something to do with the lower interception here.

(340 )

Temperature

The temperature readings for the season at all seen have
been averaged, and the results are presented in Table
weekly records themselves are too voluminous to een 1 In
order to bring out the relationships between the stations, which
could not be found without a great deal of poring over the figures,
some of the values are shown graphically in Figures 2 to 4.

It is impracticable to reproduce all of the 18 charts which were
plotted to compare the weekly readings of the different stations
throughout the season. Three charts, the mean soil temperature
at 6 inches for the New York stations, the mean soil temperature
at 6 inches for the codperating stations and New York hemlock,
and the mean soil temperature at 18 inches for the other stations
and New York hemlock, are shown as Ficurres 2 to 4 In
general, the charts on which the New York stations alone appear
are clear and have comparatively little crossing of the lines. ‘The
mean 6-inch soil temperature for the New York stations, Ficure
2, 1s a good example. ith the other stations and New York
hemlock there is a good deal of crossing back and forth, making it
difficult to follow out the different stations. The 6-inch mean
soil temperature for all codperating stations and New York,
Figure 3, is a fair example of this. As would be expected, the
criss-crossing is most with the air temperatures, and least at 18
inches in the soi

The air vemperture records show, among other things, the
influence of the forest canopy in moderating extremes. On the
maximum chart the open station was consistently highest
throughout, and on the minimum chart it was consistently the
lowest. The higher maxima and lower minima at the open sta-
tion offset each other, so that the mean temperature for the
season was only very slightly above that under the forest. This
illustrates the importance of obtaining maximum and minimum
readings in studies of plant habitats. In this case the mean
fails to show the severer temperature stresses to which the
plants are subjected in the open as compared with those under
the shelter of the forest.

The maximum air temperatures at New York show that the
hemlock forest was noticeably and consistently warmer than the

with the evaporation records (see footnote 6), copies can be obtained by
sisted persons at the cost of reproducing.

(341)

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(344)

hardwoods from May 26 to September 14 inclusive. The
transition forest closely resembled the hemlock in this respect,
although with respect to evaporation we have seen that it was
more like the hardwoods. In minimum temperatures there
seems to have been little difference between the New York forest
stations,! although the hemlock was slightly colder than the
hardwoods. Therefore, in the means the hemlock remains
warmer than the hardwoods.

The air temperature in the hemlock forests near New Haven
was distinctly cooler than in any of the forests at New York.
The north slope had a slightly lower maximum than the ridge top,
and a distinctly lower mimimum, resulting in a lower mean.

e Ithaca stations show the influence of their greater distance
from the moderating influence of the sea. Both stations have
higher maximum air temperatures than New Haven, but con-
siderably lower minima. These greater extremes average up
somewhat in the means, but still leave Ithaca colder than New

en.

Cranberry Lake, as would be expected, is the coldest station in
all respects. Its continental climate is shown by the greater
spread between its average maximum and average minimum as
compared with New York, amounting to 37.6° F. against 21.9°
for the New York hemlock. In this respect it is slightly exceeded
by the Ithaca stations, which showed spreads of 39.4° and 38.4°
for the hemlock and hard woods respectively.

In soil temperature both at 6 and 18 inches the relation between
hemlock and hard-wood is the reverse of the above noted for air
temperature. The soil under the hardwoods is warmer than it is
under the hemlock. This is in accordance with what we would
expect from the geographic distribution of the two types. The
apparent contradiction with air temperature is probably explained
by the fact that, while the maxima under the hemlock are higher
than under the hardwoods, the hemlock minima are slightly
lower. The maxima may come from higher temperatures which

e minimum thermometers used for air temperatures at New York gave a

of August. This has necessitated interpolating a number of the New York mini-
mum air temperature readings. The interpolations were made on the curves, with
the trends of the other stations and past readings as a guide, and it is thought do
not involve serious errors. In any case they do not affect the relative position of
the stations, or the conclusions.

(345 )

last for only brief periods, not long enough to warm up the soil.
This goes to indicate that the temperature conditions under the
hardwood, with their slightly warmer soil and slightly cooler air,
and with oe spread between the maxima and minima, area little

moisture under aaa is more favorable on account of the
lower evaporati

The relation hierer the hemlock and hardwoods at Ithaca
with respect to the 18 inch soil temperature is the same as at
New York. At 6 inches the differences between the two Ithaca
stations are extremely small.

New Haven, the ridge top hemlock forest was warmer in all
respects than that growing on the north slope. In soil tempera-
ture at both depths, as with mean air temperature, the New
Haven stations were intermediate between New York and Ithaca.
It is interesting that at 18 inches all the figures, and at 6 inches
the maxima, show the ridge top to be closer to New York, and
north slope closer to Ithaca. Thus the difference in site tends to
bring about differences Ba certain environmental factors resem-

bling differences produ by considerable distances. This i
merely another ee on a much smaller scale, of the well.
known site differences between north slopes and south slopes
which occur in the mountains of the southwest.

Considering the New York hemlock grove as roughly approxi-
mating the southern point in the range of the hemlock type, and
Cranberry Lake the northern point, the temperature figures in

Table I give an uate of the temperature range of the type
for the growing seas For convenience these figures have
been brought eee in Fable IJ, to which has been added the
number of degrees of spread in che range.

A glance at Table I] shows that the range of temperatures
covered by the hemlock type is not large, 12° for mean air temper-
ature, 10° for mean soil temperature at 6 inches, and 11° for mean
soil temperature at 18 inches. It is possible that more widely
separated stations would extend this range somewhat, but
probably not very much.

Fortunately we have a comparison for the northern limit. On
Mt. Desert Island, Maine, soil temperatures were taken at the
same levels in the same manner under a series of forest types.
The coldest of the series was a spruce type distinctly more

(346 )

TABLE II
ApproximMaTE TEMPERATURE Limits oF THE Hemiocx Type, Basep on Rance
BETWEEN New York AND CRANBERRY Lake. In Decrees F

South North
WY) (Cran. Lake) Range
Air Temperature
Maximum..........26 000 e eee 85 75 10
Minimunt india eccy ag etee es sx 53 38 15
nik tena tan chia s Sanne 6 57 12
6-inch Soil Temperature
AXIMUM: ye ede laeietes 59 7
Minimum...............2.0405 59 48 II
whiw omni feeds See eaes 63 53 10
18-inch Soil Temperature
TI jie tanh athe ante giat 62 52 10
Minimum............--.00 eee 58 47 II
a6 (Een ee eee ere ee 60 49 II

northern in its affinities than the hemlock at Cranberry Lake,
and growing not far from the crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), an
arctic-alpine plant which here comes down to sea-level because of
the cold waters. The Cranberry Lake 6-inch mean, when
reduced to the same period as that covered by the Mt. Desert
records (June 9 to September 21) was 56.1” as compared with
55.5 for Mt. Desert, and the 18-inch mean was 51.8 as against
51.2 for Maine. ‘Thus for the same period the Cranberry Lake
hemlock soil was only .6° warmer at both 6 and 18 inches than
the soil at the same depths under a spruce type on a markedly
cold situation. It is, therefore, reasonable to consider that the
conditions at Cranberry Lake approach pretty closely to those at
the northern extension of hemlock.

We have no similar comparisons to check the southern limit,
but it is not likely that hemlock pete inland further to the
south would be much warmer than at

n the whole, the temperature diferace: beeweet the different
stations, like evaporation, are remarkably small, especially
when we consider the general climatic differences between New
York and the Adirondack Mount

The narrow range of ne ates found in this study
seem to indicate that comparatively small differences in tempera-
ture may be of considerable importance to vegetation. There
were similar indications in a study of different forest types on

(347 )

Mount Desert Island, Maine. This does not, of course, in any
way detract from the importance of the moisture relations.

Solar Radiation
As already explained in the section on instruments, the differ-
ence between the readings of the black and white atmometers
does not give a wholly satisfactory measure of the light conditions

in apparently hopeless confusion. Yet when the records were
averaged for the whole season, the rate per day seems to cor-
respond in a general way with the density of the forest canopy.
For the New York stations the hardwoods are a little higher,
and the canopy is slightly less dense, as shown by the richer under-
vegetation. But all the New York forest stations are very much
alike in respect to crown cover, and the solar radiation values run
close together. The New Haven ridge top gives about the same
value as the New York stations, though we would have expected
it to be a little higher since the stand seems to be a little more open.
The north slope shows a much lower solar radiation value than
the ridge top, which agrees with its denser shade. The lower
value for the Ithaca hemlock as compared with the hardwoods
agrees with the denser canopy. The Cranberry Lake station was
in a very shady spot, and shows a correspondingly low value.

Posirion oF THE HeEmiock TYPE IN THE SUCCESSIONAL
ERIES

The records show that the hardwoods, so far as evaporation is
concerned, are moister than a forest of pure hemlock. It is true
that records in other hardwood stands might show a higher rate
of evaporation, but this could not be determined one way or the
other without a considerable number of additional stations. For
the present we will have to take the results we have, recognizing
that they are tentative, although supported by indications from
another study. ere has been a common tendency to consider
moisture as the criterion of the climax forest, the climax represen-
ting the highest degree of moisture. Nichols, however, considers
that the climax is not necessarily any more moist than certain
other stages, and that exactly the opposite may be true. “Eco-
logical advance,” or in common parlance the stage of progress,

(348 )

“‘as determined by various factors, which may be quite different
in different successional series, should be the criterion.” If shade
is the critical factor, the climax might well be less moist than a
preceding stage.!

The hemlock type well illustrates the above conception.
Hemlock can stand much more shade than the oaks; hence when
protected from fire, it is able to survive under their crowns and
eventually come up and crowd them out. Two hardwoods only,
beech and sugar maple,? are more tolerant of shade than hemlock,
but are less abundant around here than the oaks. It is reasona-
ble, therefore, to consider hemlock as the climax forest.

Since hardwoods make up the climax forest further south, and
hemlock is the climax to the east and north of New York City,
it has been suggested that perhaps we have on the Botanical
Garden grounds two climax forests existing side by side.

Whatever may be the cause, the two types have not mixed
appreciably in the long period that they have lived in contact
with each other, with every opportunity for the mutual inter-
change of seed and for either to invade the other.

The climatic differences which the above records show between
the two types of forest do not seem sufficient to account for the
distinctness of the two, unless the hemlock grove is at the absolute
limit of the warmth which this type of forest will endure. If this
were the case, any increase of temperature would prevent the
establishment of hemlock. But the soil temperatures in the
hardwoods had a maximum of only 2° F. higher at 6 inches, and
only .6° higher at 18 inches, which seems so small as to require a
dividing line much sharper than appears reasonable. It will be
necessary to look elsewhere for the cause of the difference, and
soil conditions appear to offer the most promising line of attack.

SUMMARY

Representative examples of hemlock forests, and two examples
of hardwoods, were selected to cover roughly the north and south
range of the hemlock type. The southerly representative was

1 Nichols, = E. “A Working Basis for the Ecological Classification of Plant

Communities.” Ecolog > 11-23; 1§4-179. 1923. The quotation is from a
oe written ae Dr. Nish about this particular study.
ums, George P. “Minimum Light Requirements Referred to a Definite

Pee Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 235, 1923.

(349)

the hemlock grove on the grounds of the New York Botanical
Garden, in addition to which stations were established in an

hemlock and hardwoods and in the open. With the codperation
of Yale University, Cornell University, and the State College of
Forestry at Syracuse, two stations were established near New
Haven representing favorable and unfavorable hemlock sites,
two at Ithaca representing a hemlock and a hardwood type, and
one at Cranberry Lake in the Adirondack Mountains under a
group of hemlock in the northern hardwood and spruce forest.

At each station weekly readings were taken during the summer

f 1923, covering evaporation (with Livingston atmometers),
solar radiation (black and white atmometers), precipitation, and
maximum and minimum temperature of the air and of the soil at
6 and at 18 inches depth.

The evaporation under hemlock was higher than that under
hardwoods, 12.2 c.c. per day as against 8.9 c.c.

The evaporation under the five hemlock stations was very
similar. It was, in c.c. per day, New York, 12.2; New Haven
ridge top 12.0, New Haven north slope 10.3, Ithaca 11.8, and
Cranberry Lake 7.5

he difference in evaporation between extreme hemlock sites
near New Haven was less than the difference between hemlock
and hardwoods at New York; only 1.7 ¢.c. as against 3.3 c.c.
Hemlock forests 300 miles apart have a closer resemblance with
respect to evaporation than hemlock and hardwoods 300 yards
apart.

The rate of evaporation under hemlock is intermediate between
that found for spruce, 7.0, and for white pine, 17.4, on Mt.
Desert Island, Maine, during approximately the same period.

The air temperature under hemlock had a higher maximum and
mean, but a slightly lower minimum than under the hardwoods.

The soil temperature under hemlock at both 6 and 18 inches is
colder than under hardwoods.

The extreme range of temperature between the north and
south limits of hemlock included in this study is small: 12° F. for
the mean air temperature, 10° for the mean soil temperature at
6 inches, and 11° for the same at 18 inches

The stations probably include the coldest growing season condi-
tions at which the hemlock type can occur naturally. The

(350)

Cranberry Lake mean soil temperatures at 6 and 18 inches were
only .6° higher than temperatures at the same depths for the
same period under a distinctly cold spruce forest on Mt. Desert
Island, Maine.

The comparatively small range in temperature appears to
indicate that small differences in temperature may be of con-
siderable importance to vegetation.

GENERAL INDEX

Schedules
, nee 223
Addisonia, 2, 16, 39, 115, 137, 188
adore eae Plants), 2 267
Annu 8,755 nee 232

Accountant. of Expendi-

150
se me eee T iceibete of the
Memb of qe one 8, 90, I7I

Barnhart, ae Hendley. Investiga-
tions,
Reports ve) Biblisgeaohen
2
Benefactors, de 152, 2
Bibliographer. Report:
Botanical ener oa Coledae,
1IO
ndary Fences and eae 10
ae at Kenneth R., 14, I
Reports of Head Orie: 25, 125,

38, 137,

s, Buildings and, 1

Britton, Elizabeth G.
7, 22, 111, 121, 198

of Honorary Curator of

Ir
Investigations,

, 20
Reports of Secretary and Director-in-
Chief, 1, 103, 181
Buildings, 35. us 134, 214
d Bridge:
an nd Grounds, oa of.
33, 132, 2
ee es Ae 16, 788
aie Collection, The,
lees llections, 28, . 205
Chained es the tee Directors.
8, 71, 150, 227
Ch peciheaune Collection, 27
Collection, Hardy, 205
Co. iene "Botanical Exploration and,
Oo
Collection, Cactus, The, 105

a foes 28, 127, 205
Chrysa 27

ahlia 7

Eladiius, 28, 127, 205

ris, 28

Narcissus - 128, 205
105

1p,
eens Plant, 28, 128, 205
‘ollections, Economic. Rep orts
norary Curator of re 140, a
Ma llow 128

29,

Miseall aoue 27, 127, 204
Woody, 26, 127, 203
Committee on Patrons,

22

1)

Fellows and

C ? 3 ’
Corbett, Arthur J. Reports of the
Bp erintendent . ‘Buildings and

Grounds, 33, 132, —

Ceawiord, a es A. Beer

Cuba (Fos Plants), 2

Curacao Cie Plan), 271

Curator of Mosses, Honorary. Reports,

1, 142, ao

of the Economic ean Honor-

ary. Reports, 140,

of the Museums ar Herbarium,
Head. Reports, 17, 117, 194

Dahlia Collection, y,
G

arden, 4, 127, I
Demonstrations, eee ni ecaee and,

23, 123, 2
Denslow, H. M. Investigations, 111,
122, 183, 198
Reports of Honorary Custodian of
the Local Herbarium, 144, 221

ial, 12
of the Southern Part of the Reserva-
tion, I
Director, Assistant. Reports, 15, 115
-in-Chief, Secretary and. Reports,

, 103, 181
of the Laboratories. Reports, 30,
130, 206

(351)

(352)

Docentry, 24, 1
Drainage, 34, 1332 23
and wae ee Roads, Paths,
Gradin
Eaton, Mary 184
Economic “Calicctins, aay orary Cu-
rator of the. Reports, 140, 217

useum ae Il
undary Fences and, 10
4, 200

:
sa
a
cg

ctu

Ex ceeds ‘Said a bia 146, 223

Exploration and Collecting, oe.
7, 110

Fellows for Life, 73, 153, 230

Fellowship Members, 75

Hes: and Entrances, Boundary, to
gee n, 29, 128, 205

Floral Pi. 24, 124, 2

Flora, No erican, 2, 39, 137, 188

Fossil Flora of the West Indies, with
Saunt of N cies,

eview of the, 25
Fossil Plant Museum, 18, 118

vo a . 27, 127, 182, 204
205

ose
5 30
Glaiolus Colleton. 28, 127, 205
Gleason, H vestigations, 8, 112,
aCe 185,
Reports of the Orie Director, 15,

I
ea i A., and A. B. Stout, Bar-

we Herbert M. Rich-

es “Veale ck and Its Environ-
ment, 325

Grading, Drainage and Water Supply,
Roads, Paths, 9

32, 212

Schedules of

6, 223

26, 127, 2

Superintendent of Buildings
Reports, 33, 132, 2

and.

Haiti, Republic of (Fossil Plants), 279
Ha rdy Chrysanthemum Collection, 205

au Sarah oid of the

ariu
Gardener. co 25, 125, 201
Hemlock and ae Environment, 325
Grove, The, 112, 325
Herbaceous Grown, 26, 127, 203
Herbarium, 1
Labeling, Rae and, 29, 129, 206
, 10
Hispaniola (Fossil Plants), 274
Hollick, Arthur. A Review of the
Fossil Flora of the West Indies
with Descriptions of New Species,

eager 22, 122, 185,
Rep of the Paleobotanist, A 142,
i
Honorary Curator of Mosses. Reports,
I, 142, 220
Curator of the Economic Collections.
eports, 140, 217

— ae et Herbarium.

Member oh the Adv visory Council, a
~~ bers of the Women’s Ausiliary.

171
Horictiral Operations, 25, 125,
Howe, Marshall A. teat a
120, 185, 196; Dahlia Garden, 4,
27, 127, 182, 20.
Tost tion, Papen’ of Public. Re-
orts 199
ie. 207
and Saenneas 119
and Lectures, 30, 129
Assistance. nea

nd, 19
Barnhart, John Hendley, 40, 109
Britton, Elizabeth G., 7, 22, 111, 121,
198

Brite ae 285, 205

Cr. aan ieee A, 197
Denslow. .H ae 122, 183, 198
Eaton, Mary z ,1 4

Gleason, H. A 2, 116, 185, 187
Hollick, Arthur, 22, eer 185, I

Howe, Marshall A., 19, 120, 185, 196
Murmill, W. A., 6, 20, 124, as 201
Pennell, Francis Ae Pane 21,

Ru - ee H., 2, 110, ie 121,

Rusk, pe ML. ee
ydberg , P. A., 19, a 186, 1

Seaver, Te 7, 20, 120

Small, John K. 35 22

6, 197
Cn 198

(353)

Pie gaee Ons Stout, A. B., 3, 30, 131,
187, 20
Williams, te t S., 6, 15, 2
ilso: n, Per 21, 121, 185, 197
Investigations, ‘Mainte enance and, 19
Iris Collection,
Garden 23, 204.

Jamaica (Fossil Plants), 280
Journal, 2, 15, 39, 115, 188

Labeling, Recording, and Herbarium,
129, 20
maine Director of the. Reports,
30, 130, 206
Lectures, ee. 122, 199, 206
ene es and Demonstrations, School,

123, 200

lavestisstions pie 30, 129

to $, 199

ania
Libra

Life Me pone 73, 153, 230

Lilac Garden, tae

Lily Garden, 28, 205

List - ‘Seria Is, ‘Adaions and Correc-

to, 41, 139, 2
ee ree The, 18, 18

Reports 40, 138, 210

Maintenance and ae ae 19
Mallow Collections, 29, 128
Mee imaue he Plants), 267
ene S,
mbere, Aina, pre 155, 232
F ellowship, 75

og
171
gees of the ene Council, -
visory Council, Honora

of re Women’s Auxiliary, Honorary,
90, 171
Mersil J. L. Reports of Treasurer,

172, 250
Micros O8C ope "Exhibit t, The, 18
Miscellaneous Collections, 27, - 204

8,

Stout. Hemlock and Its Environ-

ment, 325
Mosses, Honorary Curator of. Reports,

6I, 142, :
Murrill, W. A. Investigations, 6, 20,
or

Supervisor of Public

Instruction, 22, 122, 199

Museum, Economic, 18, 118
Fossil Plan t, 18, 118
Systematic, 18, 118
Museums, 18, 117, ae
and He rbarium, Sy
ee Herbarium, Fiead yore of the.
17, 117, 194
Mveolos. 16, 116, 188

Narcissus Collection, 28, ae hal
Nash, Geo ote eV. Death o

orth American Flora 2, aA
Nurseries, Propaca ting Houses and, .

Orchid Collection, The, 105

Pane a 63, 142, 218
Paths, 35, 1
and Roads
Grading, Dina and Water Supply,
oads,
Patrons, 72, I
Pi nnell fans , 14,

21, 110
205

5
Picture Exhibit, cas oo - 118
Plantations, Systematic, 26, 127, 203
Plant Collection, a ted, 28, 128,

Picture Exhibit, The, 18, 118
Planting, Plants and, 3,

Plants and Planting, 3

Porto Rico eet Pais) 2

Propagating ee and Nee 27
Pu

Public Instruction and ian, ‘a

Instruction, Supervisor of. Reports,
199

22, 122
Recording, and Herbarium, Labeling,
2 ae
Registered Stud
Re, ng

7> 2
- Sacanie Directors,

, 150, 22
ee on oe ee and
mber: Sy 725 152 b S
Director Chief aaa ee I,
103, 181

(354)

aa aera of the Laboratories,

Head Ciao of the Museums and
ae

oe ae Reddoiiig
Collections, ai 21

nee Curator of Mosses, 61, 142,
220

Honorary alee of the Local
Herbarium, 144, 2

Librarian, 40, 2
Paleobotanist, 63, 14
Secretary and Tees Chief, 1,

103, 1
Bee Andiiee 70, IOI, 150, 179,
257
eet of Buildings and
Grounds, 33, 132, 212
Supervisor of Public Instruction, 22,

Tre
Republic oe Fait F ae Plants),
eview of the Fossil Flora of the We
Indies, with Descriptions of New

. Gleason

00
mlock and Be oes 325
Roads, Paths and,
Paths, Gr. ading, De aie: and Water
u
Rock Garden, 29, 128, 205
Garden, The new. Ww, TO4
ae ee 27, 127, 204
» He H. Investigations, 8, 22,

rator of the

217
Rusk, Hester M. Taye esta. 30,

131, 209
Rydberg, P.A. Investigations, 19, 119,
186, 195

Saint Bartholomew (Fossil aoe 267
Schedule o Seer dleene ie - 146, 223
Scholars, Students an

School Lectures and De cea oae.

23, 123, 200
Scientific Directors, Chairman of the.
eports, 71, 150, 227
Seaver, Fred J. Investigations, 7, 20,
120, 186, 197

Serials, List of. Additions and Correc-

i 139, 215

Investigations, 3, 22,
Ill, Digs ee

Reports of Head Curator of the
aay ms and ee 17, 117,

Sains E. B., 3, 26, 29, 104, 126,
, 182, 202, 20
nee , Reports 70, IOI, 150,

227, 2
Beene Pod,
A.

Stone, Report of Special
Auditor, 70, 101, , 179, 227, 257
Stout, A. es a preterit 3, 30, 131,

185, 187, 205
Reports a pee of the Labora-
Rage 30, 130,

Stout, A. B. , Ba acrington. Moore, Herbert
“NL Richards, H A. Gleason and.
Hem aie Environment, 325

eee snd Schola 209

Registered, 32

Shee es of Buildings and

rounds. Reports, 33, 132, 212

Superviser of Public Instruction. Re-

vai a 122, I

Sustain mbers, 75, 155, 232

Seeee Calection, "The, 18, 118

ystematic eum, I
Piacoa os 127, 2

Treas ports, 91, 172, 250
Trinidad. ont Plants), 268
Tulip Collection, 28, 128

Tulip Display, 204

Variegated Plant Collection, 28, 128,
205

Water cee 34, 133, 2
Sup Roads, ee
Deca and, 9
West oe

Grading,

th ‘Bescription of New

of the Fossil
Flor: of

Williams Robert s° 7 aceennaag, 6,

Wilson, a Investigations, 6, 21,
121, 185, 197

fees ’s pein Teta = o
Oo, 17%
Woody Callens 4 ae 203

Ay

Bactris, 286, 321
Begoni

Bignonia, 319, 321, 323
Borreria, 28
Bourreria, 28.

se lia

Bucida, cay

Bumelia, 8, em 284, 313, 314, 321,
323

Ae

BARRA AR AR A RAR
a 53: RS 3

Calyptrant

¢
L OF 7

GENERIC INDEX

utilon, 131, 207

vag 264, 265
niba, 300, 32 -

na,
ocynophy Th fe 318, 323
rehacoithothamsum 267
Ista, 313
rrabidaea, 319
rthrocardia, 268
spidosperma, 317, 318, 321, 323
stragalus, 196

a

assica, 313 ae 13I, 207

alophillum,
aicophylem, on 284
hes.

43
fos)

ameraria, 284 317, 321, 322
283

‘arpites, 287
‘arpolithes, 286, 287

asear aa, 2
as51a, 265, 303, 304, 321-323
en 264, 265
ecropia, 284
eltis, 2 284

aa 16

ara,

sae 284
icharronia, 284

adoplotlia, pa 273

ele fe , ee i) Me
ocala, ce a eee
131, 207

aes 284

(355

Colpotrinax, 284

ordia, 2
Coussapoa, 296, 322
Crescentia, 319-322
Croton

2r
Cybtanthus, 312
Cyperus, 290

Dafnos:
Dalberg 2% ve 323

Disspores, 265 282, 284
Diplasi

Draper 2a

Drypetes, 284

Ebenoxylon, 264, 265
Echinocactus,

Eugenia, 277 310, ne 321, 322
Excecaria, 284
Excoecaria, 284.

Fasciculites, 262, 264, 26
Ficus, 263, 275, 276, ae ne 320-

Flabellaria, 262
Fusus, 275, 276

ies 312, 321, 322
Genipa, 284

‘uazuma, 283
Guettarda, 278, 279
Guilielma, 286
Gymnogramme, 279
Hancornia, 316, 317, 321, 323
Hauera, 262, 265
Helicon 289
eee tag 264, 265
Hemerocallis, 16, 31, 131, 207

(356)

Hibiscus, 283
Homalobus, 196

283
Iecorea, 32, 313, 321, 323
flex, 306, 321
pie 277, 301, Be 321-323
Iris, 184

Jacaranda, 284

Laurophyllum, See 301, 323
ise

305
a ise 205, 207, 208

0

J vhoplollen, oe 268, 271

J ithoporella, 2

Lit hams, 267, 268, 271-273
Lithoxylon, 261

Lysiloma, 283
ythrum, 31, 130, 207

aylenus, 314

9-301
nae 279, 284, 314, 321, 323
fi
Mucuna, 2 285
Musa, 288, 289, 291, 292, 321
Musophyllum, 288-290, 321-323
Myrcta, 309-311

Napoleona, eg

Narcissus,

Nectandra, Sy 280, 298, 299, 321, 323
Nelsonia, 273

Nilssonia, 273

Ocotea, ee & 322
Oreodaphne
Oreodoxa, 2

Palmacites, 262, 2

Palmocarpon, es 8, 322, 323
Palmophyllum, 285, ao
Palmoxylon, 264-266,

Pavonia, 2

Peckia, 312

Pelargonium, 31, 131, 207
Persea, 300

Pisonia, yee a 279

pane 278, 302, 303, 305, 323
Plantag
Plumier era, ais, 316, 321-323

sidium, 311, 323

Ratonia, 283
Risa 266
Rhitopalmoxylon, 265
Rhopala, 269

Rhus, 283

Sabal, 284, 321

myda, 309, 3
Sopinds, le ate oo 310, 321, 323
Scheele
Schmidelia
Smidatiopsn 264, 265

Simarui

Siphocampytus, 16

Solan

Sopher, ee 304, 305, 321, 323
Sparganium, 290

Swietonia,

Taentoxylon, 264
284

Vernonia, 116
Veronica, 16
Willughbya, 318
Xantoxillum, 283
Zanthoxylum, 283
i ae oe 289

Zittelia
Zivsher Hes 308, 321, 323

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. Gin
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SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS

R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairma JAMES F, Kemp, Sc. D., LL. D.
nea Moznay BUTLER, Pu. "D., Freveric 8, Lez, Pa. D., LL. D.
Li. D., Lirr. D. HERBERT M, gray So. D.

Wuuam J. Gus Pu. D. Henry H. Russ .D.

GrorGE J. RYAN

GARDEN STAFF

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P. A. Rypsere, Px. D. : 4 ‘urator
H. A. GLEASoN, PH, D Curator
Frep J. Seaver, Px

ARTHUR HOLLICE, PH. D Paleobotanist
PERCY N. a 4s % Associate Curator
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Mary §E N : a

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WALTER CHARLES . . . . um Custodian

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