TRANSACTIONS o d SECOND SERIES. - : VOL. III. Aii. ize m c ——— — * MB. Bar is & ‘SECOND SERIES. - ADVERTISEMENT. Tue Committee appointed by the Horticultural Society to direct the publication of the Papers read before them, take this opportu- nity to inform the Public, that the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them, without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or the propriety of the rea- sonings, contained in the several Papers so published ; which must still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective Authors. It is likewise necessary, on this occasion, to remark, that it is an established rule of this Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a body, upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And, therefore, the thanks which are proposed from the Chair, to be given to the Authors of such Papers as are read at the General Meetings, or to the Persons who send fruits, or other vegetable productions, or exhibit Inven- tions of various kinds to the Society, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shewn to the Society by these communications. VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. a CONTENTS. I. Journal of. Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1841. By Mr. Rosert Tuompson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. p. 1 II. On the Oxalis Deppei, and its Cultivation as a culinary plant. By Mr. Rosert Tuomrson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. p. 29 III. Experiments on the Inorganic Constituents of Plants. By Epwarp Souty, Esq. F. R. S., F. L. S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 35 IV. The Result of some Experiments in the Garden of the Society on the action of Fertilizing Agents upon the Lawn. p.93 V. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by plants at different periods of the day. By the Vice Secretary. p. 103 VI. Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Guatemala, and Equatorial America, during the Years 1836 to 1843 in search of Plants and Seeds for the Horticultural Society of London. By Mr. TuroporE HARTWEG. p. 115 DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. Meteorological Diagram E E - E to face page 1 Habrothamnus fasciculatus - es - - 124 S. ^ 7 7.42, PL 1, SECOND SERIE Vo depth of Rain in 1841. Ay A Month rf V HORT. TRAN gout OND J | S PIPU VT i 499owLoM Aw] SJVIYUILY DT : ap UID PPEFEEFEECEEPECEEEECUBRUNE RE NE NEUE NEUE UNE RC NC RC SD ee T i] [] au nt TEE H QU Hu LLLI LLL] Lll i M Li LLLLI x Li S | i i il m mnummm He S L / tI j Ss A N AVL IHE {| 2 TIL H : [| S Add pte tt dt = = Q A f N a TT E => F1 3 ; Ba 7 / H x = [3 p s af i i L E | TTIE = > S i LLL || ir Š | Lil ttt S$ ú í ^ | i : ll t x Å D vit 8 "a N N. i LI RS | J : ' Š $ il | T HUI | | > N \ | HILL | ] S S a TOUS LLL | : d s m H J e HHHH EERIE : / / à Š 3 & | + 3 TT TT an a I- X $ | Š ò 3 2 x 5 "$, : J QS j S LL | N ` E TTC à ; S - NS LELEL h i P | : THEE E S f nami X > ni Š ; ll LLLI N È Dope : "1 li Ko " 3 Nn Y Š LTLLUII nm | HUL "s JELLLLELLLIII HL i TTT Papa — € | S i l| L | 7 i EE JBEIL LE 3 $ à | | 3 à 3 Š v S. N ~ "22714040 ` SNUB “LIIIULOULALIY I S JAVYUIAYDT abog umy I. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick during the year 1841. By Mr. RosznT THOMPSON. This Journal has been kept on the same plan as the preceding. YOL. III. 2ND SERIES. S Pe B [2] JANUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1841. H Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom Hygrometer, Weather. i — |Cloudy & fine F.| 1|29.942| 40 O1— lHax 29-917, 44 | 43 | 1 [Fine 29.882) 42 | 42 loudy S.| 2 eine 6 36 ux Clear o.086| 43 | 40 | 3 |Ditto 9.816| 38 | 38 | — de S.| 3] 29.302} 35 | 35 | — |Cloudy 29.200, 38 | 38 | — |Cleudy & Do. || —.084| 32 | 32| — PM. M. | 4|28.978| 25 | 25 | — |Sharp Frost | —57| 33| 33, — Snowing —99 31| jt| — iene "ks 5 29.316 31 31 | — |Densely Overcast —.318| 34 34 | — itto .376 29 29 | — 5 i W.|6|—.518| 28 | 28 | — |Hazy —£88 29. |] 25 4 |Frosty haze || —.631| 26 26 | — Taba © Th|7|—.698| 15 | 15 | — |Severe Frost | —.698| 23 | 20 | 3 |Sharpfrost ||—.760| 15 | 15 | — : ear Edi F.| 8|—.889| 15 | 15 | — |VerydenseFog | —.893| 17 | 17 | — |Frosty&foggy| —.866| 14 | 14 | — Severe fros S.| 9| —.738| 11 | 11 | — [Intense Frost | .665| 32 | 32 | — loudy —.441| 27| 23] 4 - yo S. |10| —.247| 33 | 33 | — [Overcast — 214 35 | 35 | — Slight haze ||—.o89 | 33 | 33 | — |Slight Rain M. |11 28.864 35 35.1 Ditto 28.950 38 38 | — lea —.064 32 32 | — “tage: T.|12/29 364| 35 | 35 | — (Cloudy 29.469, 39 | 34 | 5 |Ditto —.578| 32 | 32 | — |Clear W.|13|—.563| 29 | 29 | — |Foggy — 399| 38 | 38 | — |Rain —.324| 33 | 33 | — Overcast € Th.|14|—.386| 36 | 36 | — |Coldeasterlyhaze| 206! 38 | 38 | — Clear —.165| 33 | 33 | — |Snowin F. |15| —559| 35 | 35 | — |Clearing —-653| 42 | 42 | — Rain —.687| 34 | 34 | — |Overcast S.|16/—.631| 36 | 36 | — |Hazy — —.533| 50 | 5o | — DDitt —.365| 51 | 51 | = [Rain S.117|—.605| 48 | 48 | — [Slightly Overcast)/__658) şı | 51 | — |Overcast —.729| 47 | 47 | — |Clear M. |18| —.707| 46 | 46 | — |Rain —.685| 48 | 48 | — itto — —.725, 40 | 4o | — [Rain T.|19| —778| 35 S21 Overcast —.826| 37 37 | — [Slight rain —.918| 32 28 4 Overcast W.|20|30.019| 32 | 32 | — |Cloudy&Cold) 30.077) 24 | 27 7 |Clear o.182| 32 | 32 | — |Ditto Th. |21| —.505) 29 | 28 | 1 [Frosty —374, 38 | 36 | 2 |Fine,with Sun| —.421| 32 | 32 | — |Fine @ F.22|—393 31, 31 | — |Ditto —-277| 49 | 36| 4 |Cloudy .157| 40 | 41 | — [Overcast S.|5-mósi| 34) $4] — Crear —108 42| 42|— |C —.oor| 36 | 36 | — |Cloudy &fine S. |24| 29-796) 37 | 37 | — |Boisterous 29.848| 36 | 27 | 9g Ditto, cold & dry || —.161 31 30 1 |Clear M. |25| 30.336, 27 | 24 | 3 Clear & frosty|| 30.301 37 | 32 | 5 (Clear —.195| 35 | 35 | — [Overcast T. |26| 29.991} 42 | 42 | — Hazy x: 29.988, 48 | 45 | 3 (Overcast & fine | —.ooo| 46 | 46 | — |Ditto W.|27|30.015| 47 | 47 | — [et yOveresti 35.083] 52 | so| 2 Very Fine —.225| 34| 34 | — |Clear Th. |28| 30.287; 33 | 33 | — |Cloudy —.300 44 | — |Cloud -250| 35 | 35 | — |Very Clear F.|29| —.176| 34 | 34| — |Fine —-185| 44| 38| 6 |Fine but cool| —.208| 38 | 38 | — |Overcast D S.|30—251, 38| 38 | — |Hazy —.235| 40 | 40 | — |Hazy —212| 39 | 39 | — |Hazy $.|31| —.182| 39 | 39 | — |Foggy —-165| 42| 42| — {Rain —.19go| 30 | 30 | — |Overcast 29-773 |33-13 33.00 o. 33 29-773 | 38.58 sag 29-770! 33.87| 33.58 0.29 [3] JANUARY. Temperature. | Wind. | Rain. . Remarks. Days.| Max. | Min. Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts. i The mean temperature was about 2° below the average for ; z «d S i d eue .15 | this month. On the nights of the 7th and 8th the frost was in- 3| 39 21 39 16 NW risk tense, the thermometer falling to within 6° of zero. The arom- 4| 35 29 37 25 —— | ere eter was consid.rably below the average ; and the depth of rain 5 33 22 3 18 N risk was more than an inch above theusual quantity. A tremendous 6 3o 12 31 6 SE Little thunder storm occurred on the 3rd, about 7 A. M., accompanied 7| 27 6 2 Eis NE | Ditto at first with high wind, then hail and sleet ; the flashes of light- 8 20 6 22 o NW | Ditto ning being unusually large and vivid. Much rain and snow fell 9| 33 27 34 23 S Brisk between the 10th and 15 th ; arapid thaw took placeon the 16th, 10 31 40 18 SE Little .40 | the water at the same time being prevented from sinking into I1 | 39 33 40 26 SW. | Ditto .o2 | the earth by the frozen crust, which was from 8 to 12 inches in t2 | 39 22 40 17 dee | THEM depth, where the ground was bare; the consequences were great 13 | 38 32 48 31 E Ditto .29 | inundations throughout the country, with loss of life and pro- 14 | 36 32 40 31 NE | Ditto 80 | perty. 15 | 39 31 49 | 25 SE | Ditto -15 | MeanP from the 3 daily ob i 29.772 inches 16 | 52 49 | 52 40 SW | Brisk -16 Temperature ........ Ditto tsss ?.19 17 | 52 45 52 44 -d Ditto 02 | —— Dew Point .......... Ditto X.... 34.58 18 | 47 33 47 29 W Little 24 Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... o.61 19 | 36:1. 39- ]-37 fiag N Ditto 02 | — Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... -97 BO. $&51529- 1.32 16. |. | Brisk Force of Vapour .... Ditto ...... .200 inch, 2t | 38.4- 33- | <4! 20 NW itto Least observed degrée of Moisture ...... .70 22 32 | 45 30 SW_ | Little 10 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 53°. 23 | 43 | 32 | 46 | 29 NW | Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 69 24 | 38 26 | 4o 22 N Brisk :02 | Maximum "Temperature in the Sun ...... 56°. 25 32- | 44 | 30 W | Little -O1 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... >19, 26 | 49 43 51 41 SW | Ditto Mean Temperature of external Air .,.... 349.25 JEE pe 34 56 24 Ww Ditto WiNps. 28 28 4 23 —— | Di North... sii 5 days | N. East...... 2da 29 32 48 29 N Ditto 02. Seuth ...555 Evo DS EIC. fo 30 | 40 37 40 35 Ww Ditto .08 |. eer ey tice |N. Westo sos. E us 31] 42 28 42 26 E Ditto +12 Westin sce 7.185. Weti ne 6... e eiim ic KA saad 1 days. 39.90 | 48,65 | ana tioni ie Amount of Rain.. S ato 2.60 inches. [1] FEBRUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1841. E Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, M.| 1130.346) 30 | 25 | 5 |Overcast 30.298| 31 | 31 | — |Snowin .268| 25 | 25 | — |Snowing T.| 2|—.093| 26 | 26 | — |Snowin —.010| 32 | 20 | 12 |Snow-showers|29.931| 22 | 22 | — |Ditto W.| 3|—.003| 20 | 15 | 5 |Sharp Frost |——020| 29 | 13 | 16 |Overcast and .977| 17 | 17 | — Severe frost Th.| 4129.803) 25 | 25 | — |Overcast 29.722| 27 | 18 | g |Ditto Ditto | —.67o0| 28| 28 | — rcast F.| 5,—.688| 24 | 20 | 4 |Clear and Dry|—.699| 29 | 24| 5 |Drycoldhaze |—.722, 26| 20| 6 ndy © $S.|6|—.661| 27 | 25 | 2 |Overcast,boister-|—639| 29 | 27 | 2 |Ditto 6og| 26 | 24| 2 (Overcast &do S.| 7|—.500| 24 | 20| 4 |Boisterous[ous|—.465| 26 | 21 | 5 Ditto —.443| 26 | 22]| 4 |Ditto M. We 26 | 26 | — |Overcas .402| 29 | 29 | — Hazy —.442|. 26 | 26 | — |Ditto T. 9-645 27 | 23 | 4 |Ditto —.796| 30 | 30 | — |Ditto —.952| 29 | 29| — |Ditto W.10/30.017| 29 | 29 | — |Hazy 30.002| 30 | 29 | 1 Ditto —.959| 29 | 29| — |Ditto Th. 11 29.866 36 | 36 | — [Ditto .692| 39 | 39 | — Ditto —.657| 39 | 39 | — |Drizzly F.|12\—.640, 40 | 40 | — |Dense fog —.680| 49| 49 | — |Very Fine |—.745| 42 | 42 | — [Rain q S.\13\—.659) 45 | 45 | — |Overcast —.564| 46| 46 | — |Rain —.313| 45 | 45 | — Slight Rain (S. zowm T 48 | 48 | — |Rain —.175| 51 | 51 | — |Cloudy —.288| 45 | 45 | — |Overcast M. 1/15 —.263 43 | 43 | — [Overcast —.168| 50| 47| 3 Ditto —.o71| 45 | 45 | — Slight Rain . T.|16,.—.086, 46 | 46 | — |Hazy —.048| 52| 48 | 4 [Slightly Overcast|—.141| 45 | 45 | — (Overcast W.|17\—.230, 40 | 40 | — [Rain —-359| 44| 44| — -584| 43 | 43 | — Ditto : Th.18,.—.614 41 | 41 | — |Fine -§61| 52| 50- 2 Fine —.49o0| 46 | 46 — Clear E F.19.—.601 45 | 45 | — |Drizzly —.676| 49 | 49 | — |Rain .744| 44 | 44 | — Cloudy &fine| - S. |20, „808, 41 | 41 | — |Cloudy —.808| 54| 54| — |Cloudy,Fine |—.977| 45 | 45 | — Rain a Q 3.130.162, 44 | 44 | — |Overcast and fine 30.188] 52 | 46| 6 Ditto o.296| 36 | 36 — Foggy M. |22 —.345| 39 | 39 | — |Dense fog —.341| 42 | 42 | — |Foggy —.323| 41 | 41 | — (Overcast T. 23.—.323 40 | 40 | — |Hazy —.309| 43| 39| 4 Fine .298| 36 | 36 | — Ditto . Ww MERE oe 36 | 35 | 1 |Ditto —.298| 40| 38| 2 |Hazy & cold |—.304| 41 | 41 | — Slight Rain Th. |25,—.308, 40 | 40 | — |Cloudy and cold ||—-255| 42 | 40 | 2 |Cloudy .076| 40 | 40 | — Rain F 26 29.872 41 | 4r | — |Rain 29.816| 48 | 48 | — [Ditto 29.638| 41| 41 | — Cloudy S. gare Bd 38 | 38 | — |Cloudy and cold|—.801| 42 | 42 | — |Cloudy —.368| 35 | 35 | — Showery j D) S./28 E 37 | 37 | — |Very clear 836| 44| 28 | 16 |Ditto & Fine |—.681| 35 | 35 | — Cloudy&fine| - ps n 34-75 E 29 m 39 ne 18 29.748 35.64. 35.21 Z VERAT STREET [5] FEBRUARY. Temperature. | Wind. Rain. E] En Remarks. Days| Max. | Min Sun. | Rad. | Direction Force. | In. Pts. I I 2 1 NE : The mean temperature was nearly 3° below the average. The 2 A E $4 , 2 2 barometer also averaged low, although only half the urualquantity 3| 28 14 29 8 E Ditto of rain fell. The frost was not at any time remarkably intense; 4| 30 22 30 18 NE | Ditto but up to the roth it was continued, the thermometer being 5 | -30 26 30 21 Strong night = as ese erus Dy X" d reached as much 6| 28 2 8 : as 9 inches below the surface in kitchen garden soil; and this 7| 27 re ay pe : exe crust was completely thawed by the 15th. Although the frost 8| 29 26 29 4 NE |Little had neither penetrated so far below the surface, nor was so in- 9| 39 27 30 4 4E. | Dies tense above ground, as in the preceding month; yet, being ac- 10| 32 27 32 26 SE Ditto 04 companied by a brisk, and, for the period of the season, very dry- I| 41 37 41 35 S Ditto o4 | ing East and North East winds, vegetation suffered much more. t" h ; ~ ji ~ vid ems .o04 | Mean Pressure from the 3 X se 2 ae 29.768 inches. ris Ol — TÉ secvsver IttO sss... 37 3:22 14| 52 41 54 39 SW | Ditto — Dew Point ...... sese Ditto cse se s135°.72 15 | 49 42 49 40 S Ditto 15 Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ...... n > + 2 46 = S — * —— — rna ee — dE cus eni i ‘ orce of Vapour .... Ditto ...... 213 inc 18 | 53 38 55 34 S Brisk .04 | Least observed aie of Moisture ...... 5 - a = 16 35 P 5 32 EV Little 02 Mam Temperature in the Shade .... 56°. 49 2 39 isk ott inimum Tem t ie Mitte... ceecent 4", 21 | 56 29 61 28 NE | Little Maximum Taoniinae i the Sun ...... 62°, rn » ad 43 37 — e bees of Terrestrial Radiation ...... A. 32 o 2 — itt i s..:.. . salou 5 P A 2n ^ M ean Temperature of External Air 36°.60 Al 4% 35 44 3o -— DARE 07 WiNps. SL L6 | s NW | Little -04 North ...... 1days | N. East.....11 days 27 45 32 50 27 N Brisk 07 South """"-— n 5 .. S. East. cú oct .. 28 | 47 | 32 | 53 3o NW | Little Bat.. ceSec Gs AN. Weit. 48-. West...» Bes $S. Westi cosis 3 d \ = | | s 28 days. P wines 31.78 | 44.14 | 29.17 0.76 Amount of Rain,...... 0.76 inches. [ 6 ] MARCH. Night. Morning. Noon. | s 1841. E Bara Hygrometer. Weather. | Barom, Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. | M. | 129.587 || 38 | 38 | — Overcast (29.616| 42 | 42|-- mscr : 29:693 35 5 T ouy T.| 2—685| 33| 33 | — Do. & Frosty | —6c9| 44 | 44| — |S ig ^ rain mu 43 iie. i Em sse. cm z spes ee S A E o F. EYE s 36 | — |Ditto & Damp |—710| 47 | 47 | — |Thickly Overcast || — 229 48| 48 | — Slight rain S.| 6—723| 41| 41 | — |Very Clear | .—852| $0 | 43 | 7 Very Fine me. T lee = O S.| 730.047) 51 | 51 | — |Very Fine 30.096 60} 53 | 7 |Ditt e 39:255 45 r5 45 = Clear & Dil M.| 8—.362| 50 | 50 | — [Overcast [Jom Gat 561 7 (Overcast & fine aa 45 | 45 D T.| 9—392| 42| 42|— Foggy |—:392| 58 | 53) 5 |Very Fine mee. 39, 39 - Pune W.|10|[—426| 38 | 38 | — |Ditto —426 $9] $0 | 9 Ditto —4 : 4341-37 ie Th.|11|1—473| 37 | 37 | — |Dense Fog —.424| 58| 52]| 6 Ditto ax 39 39 q ye F.i12\—.366| 34| 34| — oggy —.323| 6o | 48 | 12 Ditt . 72 gt r4 : S. |13\—-331| 38 | 38 | — [Slight Fog —337, 55 | 5o| 5 |Slight Haze m i. 39 -39 | = Deon Fo er 14,—.351 a 49 — Foggy —.265 » 40 | 10 Mia ine EE. bes 32 » — vua g * ent, LS Q —. IOI o TM A d ik íi 29 Sei i 2 — i 29 s 63 A > Cloudless, fine|| 29.729| 44| 44 | — Ditto W.|17—.603| 50| 50 | — |Slight rain —577| 55 | 55 |— |Cleudy&showery| —.583| 43 | 43 | — Doe LEE EIE AME | 32 | = pie . |19.—- vercas —. — owe em. 3|— S. s. bd 37 " P" Fine —.608 oF it — Stormy with rán|—.565- 43|.43| — Slight Rain | S. 21.—.625| 47 | 47 | — Very Fine —636| 55| 47| 8 Cloudy & Fine me 49| 49 | — Beat M. 22— 362| 52 — [Rain -39)-:564 Jo] 6 Ditto e 4I boat | oc o: @ T7.23—.803| 47 | 47 | — Fine —-946) 58 | 45 |13 Fine 30.128 44 | 44 | — |Ditto W.|2430.200| $0 | 47| 3 Overcast 30.222] 56 | 50 | 6 Cloudy —.192| 40 | 40 | — [Ditto = 25—123 46 | 46 | — |Very Fine —-045| 61 | 52 | 9g |Very Fine 29.952) 41 41 — m E 2929-098] 54| 54| — 29-608} 66 | ss | 11 |Ditto 333 46 1 ox “i y S |27—.721| 49 — (Overcast —758| 56 | 56| — Showery me 3 r — [Clear x. 28.—.914| 39 | 39 | — Finc —994 53| 42,11 |Cloudy —-897| 4 43 5 |Ditto : 29—.922| 50 | 50 | — |Overcast —-858 55 | 52]| 3 Dit —787| 45 | 45 | — Rain E D T.|3o0—.853| 45 5 | -— |Fine —-915| 55 | 40 |15 |Ditto & Fine | —836| 48| 48 | — Cloudy & Fine . W.|311——638| 46| 46 | — |Clear —.598| 55 | 40 | 15 |Finebutwindy| —.497| 45 | 45 | — |Rain 950 43-48) 43.26 0.22 29-895 | 54-74| 47-71| 7.03 29.886|42.45 |42.2910.16 S ERS SET TS PIN RE ERES I NUN en Hn GNIS TR MARCH. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days| Max, | Min. | Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. In Pis. Hy} 4 27 42 22 S Little Jo This month was on the whole exceedingly fine for the period 21 49 37 53 34 SW | Ditto :39 | of the season. Vegetation was in a ve duds state at the 3] 39 29 53 22 uae | ANN -02 | commencement ; for the three preceding months were of a se- 4| 46 33 5% 129 M Little 08 | vere character ; "but in the present the mean temperature was gs 9M 36 5° 32 S Brisk 22 | nearly 4° above the average, and by the end of the third week 6| 52 41 60 38 NW | Little Peach and Nectarine trees on walls were in blossom, and the 7] € 42 64 39 SW | Ditto common Hawthorn partially in leaf. It was the warmest March 8 | 61 35 66 29 om: | Se since 1830. The thermometer was seldom below freezing and 9| 60 30 66 25 — | Ditto only once so low as 2 The amount of rain was éxuctiy the 10 | 63 27 69 22 S Ditto average quantity ; still however the barometer was lower than 11 | 64 | 30 | 70 | 24 SE | Ditto The wind was chiefly from the South and South enc 12| 67 31 74 25 SW | Ditto and not so boisterous as is generally the case in this mont si 49 37 61 35 E Ditto 14 | 57 33 59 28 Ww Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 -— ne 29. 89 5 inches. 15 | 66 30 74 25 — | Ditto Temperature ........ Ditto ...... 46°.8 16 | 65 35 71 30 S Ditto —— Dew Point .......... Ditto sreka 449.42 17 | 56 41 62 36 —— | Ditto o1 | —— Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... 29.47 18 | 56 40 61 35 SW Strong Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... -916 19 | 54 34 59 29 —— | Ditto .o1 | —— Forceof Vapour ..... Ditto iocus -295 inch. 30| 57 39 60 35 —— | Ditto .13 | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 54 21 | 54 48 59 47 S Brisk .12 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 67°. #24 68 36 62 36 SW | Strong .oz | Minimum Temperature in ditto........ 27? 23 | $9 43 64 40 W risk Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 749. 24.|. $8 30 64 24 SW | Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 22°. 251 64 32 65 27 S Little Mean Tuperitare of External Air .... 46°35 26 | 6; 39 = 34 Ec Ditto .02 27 | 58 27 23 Ditto .o8 28 54 40 és 35 S Ditto edis PIDEN js day E jT ANDERE o days 2 58 40 64. 36 SW | Ditto 10 Rast neg : N. Wak "td E d 30 | 5$ 41 60 39 Ww Ditto .o8 West. n eee S Wis — s š ERA 45 41 61 40 — | Strong 03 uocis o Men x pee er 31 days. 57-09 | 35.61 | 61.93 | 31.45 1.32 Amount of Rain, ......... ee. ceo» 1.32 inch. [8] APRIL. Night. Morning. Noon. & Weather, 1841. È Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. | = eae Th.| 1129.603| 45 | 45 | — uid 3903 52 45 a Cloudy 29.596 46 ae F ON i t — |Fine —.648| 52 : ine M. —. In: x x ttn. x uü Slight Haze ea 54 | 38 | 16 |Cloudy& Do.| —.661| 35 35 T itto ü S.| 41|—.642| 42 | 42 | — |Clear —.566| 52 | 44 Ditto 4 7 : 2| Dem M. | 5|—371| 45 | 45 | — (Cloud —4o1| 54| 45| 9 [Dito - 436) 4o po49 | oe O T.|6|—.661| 46 | 43| 3 Light Clouds —4692| 55 | 43 |!? |Very Fine EL x 3 — |Overcast W.| 2|—.781| 42| 40| 2 ‘Overcast —279 53| 44 | 9 |Fine Pd u« + — |Cloudy & f Th.| 8|—.779| 45 | 45 | — |Fine CUR ORI > ]— potere M a et I E F.| 9|—.820| 40 | 40 — |Ditto butcold| —.9o0| 50 | 46 | 4 |Overcast&cold |—988| 39 | 39 =. lovee S. |10| —.986] 46 | 39 | 7 Overcast& Fine| 30.020) 49 | 40| 9 Cloudy zs CPGE 43 pH — |Clear S. |11| —939| 42| 40| 2 “tees & Cold || 29.936, 50 | 34 | 16 |Ditto & Cold| —923| 34 | 34 = [Ditto M. |12| —.907| 41 40 1 |Ditt —J911| 45 34 | II Cloudy —.962| 34 34 sc. nata 'T.|13| 30.0 40 4 chio Overcast || 30.078| 55 35 | 20 (Ditto 0.130} 44 44 a T. W.!14|—.088| 5o | 50 | — |Overcast —048| 54| 59| 4 |Cloudy 25-993 iA 6 | cler Th. |15! 29-899, 26 | 41 | 5 |Clear 29-302) .31.| 51 | — |Showery VEL TC RET Leon F.16|—717| 40 | 40|— Ditto . —.714| 52 | 30] 22 |Fine —762| 44| 44 T lease S.|17|—.874| 46 | 45 | 1 |Ditto —7911 57 | 34 23 |Very Fine |—946| 43 | 43 Overcast S.|18|—.975| 49 | 45 | 4 (Overcast &cold| —.928| 62 | 40 | 22 itto —924| 47 | 44 md ame M. |19| —.881| 47 | 47 | — Fine —.895| 54 | 32 | 22 Bipa: =—.894|- 39 | 39 2 Duo T.|20|—.803| 48 | 42 | 6 |Overcast&Do. ==.697|: -53 | 32 |21 —.682| 42 | 49 Cloudy & fin @ W.|21|— 810| 46| 40| 6 |Co ry |—.861| 53 | 39 | 14 Cloudy scold Mi, 4 Roo pu Overcast Th.|22,——.866| 46 | 40 | 6 Cloudy & Do.| —.850| 54 | 37 | 17 734). 45 Lo4 | — Clea F.|23|—450| 43 | 43 | — |Heavy Rain ||-— 5 48 | 48 | — Ga —.645| 41 2 emai S. |24| —.-677| 49 | 49 | — |Fi 611} 58 | 48 | 10 Fine S20. 48 | 48 | — Cloudyawin S.|25|— 650| 53 | 50| 3 |Very Fine —.7 57 | 57 |— |Slight rain || —.846) 54| -54 | — Ores M.|26|—.980| 58 | 58 | — |Hazy 0.037} 60 | 60|— {Fine — BAC S'S? L.57 | — ine T. |27| 30078| 64 4 |Very Fine —.082| 74 | 55 | 19 |Very Fine —.103| 56| 56 |— dt D W. 132] 6o |: 60| — —.129| 69 | 69 | — |Rain —099|. 58 | 58 | = Ditto Th. |29| —.o98| 52| 52 |— |Ditto 106} 69 | 61 Very Fine | —141| 52 | 52|— Ditto F. |30 —.371| 55 | 43 | 12 Dry Haze —.132| 67 | 45 | 22 |Dry Haze em OOF. £01. £O | — 29.834 (47.23 |44 iis d 55.26 44.03| 11.23 29.842. 44.20| 4.4.03) 0.17 APRIL. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days. Max. | Min. Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force, in Pts: I 52 41 61 36 W Little 05 E 2| 56 26 61 20 NW Brisk The mean pressure, temperature, and amount of rain were 31 x» 26 63 21 e T Lula a fraction below the averages. Vegetation was brought much ad 39 60 41 SW Brisk „ıı | forward by the fine weather in March ; but it progressed very 5| 56 35 62 30 S Little slowly during the first three wecks of the present month, the 6| $$ 31 63 26 NE Ditto .o2 | temperature being low, generally, and often below freezing at 7| 52 37 62 34 SW Ditto .03 night. In the last week, however, a fresh impulse was given to 8| $3 34 60 30 wW Brisk vegetation, in consequence of a rise of mean temperature to [ o] 55 37 62 31 N Ditto .or | more than above the average, with a plentiful supply of 10 | 49 31 51 25 E Little moisture. The 24th and 25th were boisterous; the 27th very 11 | 49 32 57 27 NE Brisk oor | sultry, with lightning at night, nie 27 52 21 — | Ditto 13 | 49 42 61 41 SW Little .o8 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.839 inches. 1 49 32 62 28 —— | Ditto .OI emperature ...... e. Ditto ...... 489.90 Isi 58 26 64. 21 NW | Ditto .o5 | —— Dew Point .........- itto 6.645% 445.32 16 | 57 31 64 24 —— | Ditto Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... 42.58 17 Co 39 66 34 NE | Ditto Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ..... e .847 18 | 61 4I 66 38 Ww Brisk 14 Force of Vapour. .... Ditto ..... . .294 inch 19 | 58 32 63 25 — | Ditto Least observed degree of Moisture ....... 432 30) 39 36 63 34 —— | Ditto Maximum Temperature in theShade...... 76°. oY (53 40 59 36 NE | Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto .,..... x 20. 32 | 33 41 60 40 —— | Ditto .32 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 819. 23 | 48 28 55 25 NW | Little .$2 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 20°. 24 | 56 39 61 36 SW | Brisk .15 | Mean Temperature of External Air ...... 47°.09 x 3 9 5s e 51 S Strong w 2 5177 I SW | Ditto - 27 | 31$ 46 o te Si TER. North..... 1days | N. East...... 9 days 28 76 45 79 44 NE Ditto .07 Sout ...... 23. East epee oe 29 | 71 42 80 36 —— | Ditto or Wes itin diem pe evpt 5 +> 30 | 68 41 81 35 — | Ditto Co er 5 a - West... 7 4^ 30 days. 57-40| 36.79 | 63.70 | 32.76 1.58 Amount of Rain... oso, 9 oves e Ren esos 1.58 Mith, VOL III. 2ND SERIES. C Morning. Night. Hygrometer. Weather. Weather. Barom, Hygrometer. Weather. 54 50 | 4 |Fine Very Hot 29.794! 49| 49| — |Clear 5 | 60, 5 |Very Fine Cloudy —.640 52| 52| — |Overcast 49 49 | — |Rain Rain —.752, 45 | 45| — [Rain 54 | 54 | — |Foggy Fine —.480. 54| 54| — |Cloudy& fine 56 56 — |Rain Showery —.571 53 53 — |Do. Lightning 58 | 58 | — |Ditto Cloudy —.774 46| 46| — |Clear & fine §8 | 53, 5 |Fine — Ditto 528 50| 5o| — |Rain 59 59 | — |Cloudy & Do. Heavy showers || —.581, 48 | 48 | — |Clear 54 52 2 |Very Fine Very Fine 30.097) 53 53 eis (Cloudy & find S| $6| 1 Ciota Cloudy & Do.|| —-15 54] 50 4 |Ditto 63| 60| 3 Overcast & fine Very Fine ||—.o20| 54| 54| — [Rain 57 | 53| 4 Fine . J— Cloudy & Do.||—-247| 55 |- 55 | — Overcast 55| 5°} 5 |Clear & Ditto ine —.330| $0| 50| — |Clear 51 43 | 8 Dry Haze Very Fine —.262| 46| 46| — |Ditto 6o 55 5 |Fine Ditto —.04 9| 49| — |Ditto 56 | 50| 6 |Very Fine Ditto 29.574 54| 54| — |Fine - sO sa G Cloudy,windy Overcast —-518 53| 53| — |Slight Rain] - 59 | 52| 7 |Ditto ine —-531| 50| 50o | — |Cloudy& fine 52 $2 | — Rain Cloudy —.674 50} 5o| — jRain 59 | 50| 9 (Boisterous Showery —578| 47 | 47 | — |Clear 604..59 | 5 ei | et Dry haze —526 si] Str} — i 63 | 63; — Showery & mild Overcast 811) 53 | 53 | — |Cloudy& fine 63 | 60, 3 Slight haze Cloudy, Fine| 30-159 52 | 52 | — |Clear 62 | 56| 6 |Ditto ae | ee Fine -149 62| 62| — |Cloudy& fine 64 | 60) 4 [Dry east wind Ditto —.165; 60} 6o| — |Overcast 68 | 62! 6 Hot dry haze ||— Hot & Dry |29955, 64| 64| — 79 65 5 Fine Ditto —.823 7 67 — |Much lightning [ 7°) 65 | § Sultry Very Fine 30-038 58| 58 | — [Clear [ing s is 10 oU Fine Do. & overca -o61 o | 6o | — |Overcast,lightn- 3 | — Overcast Ditto 29-97 — |Very Fine 63 50 | 13 Very Fine Ditto ee zi a a Do.& Clear | MM a 29.869 53.2653 130.13 | EET TUE PME E RETO Rete FEY BRDERI PEST TO a m MAY. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days. Max. | Min. Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force, | In. Pts. FI 2H 42 96 38 E Little 2| 76 45 83 45 SW Strong .25 This month was genial for vegetation throughout. The 3| 5o 43 61 43 NE Little .30 | amount of rain was greater than usual by rather more than 4| 69 50 82 49 S Ditto .70 | half an inch; but the temperature was also highe 7 TI os 46 82 44 SW | Strong .15 | Nor was the growth of vegetation hence induced unsubstantial 6| 65 43 73 39 —— | Ditto .02 | like that produced by heat and a continually moist and sunless 7| 66 47 72 45 S Brisk .10 | atmosphere; for notwithstanding the more than usual quantity 8| 62 44 65 41 SW | Ditto .16 | of rain, there were but few days on which a great amount of 9| 65 50 76 49 — | Ditto dryness was not detected by the hygrometer. The 27th was 10 | 65 46 67 42 — | Ditto hot and sultry; at 1 past 8 r. m. sheet lightning, with some mT 77 46 80 44 S Little .o1 | of the zig-zag kind, appeared almost continuous ; thunder was 12.| 62 39 62 33 NE Ditto -heard between 10 and 11, and abrupt showers of rain fell in 13 36 8o 32 — | Ditto heavy drops. ie te | oe ee : ; 15| 74 40 gt 35 Ww Ditto Mean Pressure from the 5 daily observataions 29.858 inches 16| 74 49 87 44 SW Ditto —— Temperature ........ Ditto....... 609.06 17 | 68 45 75 43 ue PNE .01 | —— Dew Point .......... Ditto....... 547.59 18 | 66 46 70 44 c] DO .o2 | —— Degree of Dryness ....Ditto...... EE uL 19 | 60 47 65 45 S Strong .15 | —— Degree of Moisture ...Ditto....... ; 20 | 61 39 70 33 SW | Ditto .o6 | Force of Vapour .....Ditto....... .423 inch 21| 69 54 70 52 E Little .16 | Least observed degree of Moisture ....... 410 22 | 68 43 78 39 S Ditto Ol | Maximum Temperature in the Shade...... 82°. 23| 75 46 88 42 SE Brisk | Minimum Temperature in ditto....... 36°. 24| 70 51 80 46 E Little Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 96°. "1 44 54 88 54 NE | Brisk Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ....... 329. 26| 80 58 go 56 Ln] THAM Mean Temperature of External Air ....... 589.09 27| 82 | 60 | 92 | 59 | —— | Ditto +03 Winps. TE 47 Sw | Litte North...... 1 days | N. East.... 7days 29 | 72 54 80 54 N Ditto +03 South S. East Age 30| 74 | 49 | 80 | 46 | NW | Ditto Ratt...ee 3 6. QN. WES ABE tag si 49 95 44 ud Ditto West. ... 2 so [SAWE ts v L dE a E 69. .83| 79.1 8 2.16 31 days. 945 PH TED LAE Amount of Rain Wels c QUT ^) JUNE. | 7 Morning. | Noon. Night. | 1841. 2 Barom Hygrometer. | Weather. | Barom Hygrometer. Weather. Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, | |l Me T.| 1) 30.122} 65 | 60 | § |Very Fine | 30.137} 71 56 | 15 |Overcast& fine || 30.137} 56 | 56 | — |Clea D. W.|2 diss Crt WT © Ditio |: .167| 70 | 59 | 11 |Very Fine —.177| 62| 62, — Cloudy & Fine EB | Th.| 31—.173} 63 | 50 | 13 Bue & Y j |—157 70| 42,28 |Ditto& Dry |—254| 53| 53 | — |Clea 4 Dm 4|—.357| 59 47 | 12 Ditt (—329| 67 45 | 22 (Ditto -300| 55 Li HR gem fiie S.| 5;—.210| 62| 50 | 12 Slightly Over: — 128| 70 | 50 20 /|Ditto —.O04| 51 51 | — Ram $.|6/29.981| 56 | 46 10 |Fine (29.967, 61 | 46 |15 Ditto |29-923| 49 | 49 | — Slight Rain M.| 7 —921| 52| 44| 8 |Cold& dry |—.936| 55| 55 | — |Showery & cold | — 956| 48 48 | — |Ditto T.| 8/,—.965| 52) 48 4 (Cloudy & cold! — Ehe 58 | 47 | 11 |Cloudy |—974| 49| 49 | — io ud W.| 9,—.947| 59 | 48| z [Ditto |— 58| ço) 8 Ditto —911| 43 | 43 | — |Clea | Th: |10| —:815| 54| 50| 4 Overcast | 705 65 | 54 | 11 ery Fin —.669! 52 | 52| — Ditto & Fine F.11|—687| 52| 50| 2 |Do.& (—712, 56 | 50| 6 |Cloudy & cold|—.77§| $50 | 45 | 5 (Cloudy & Do. € $.|12/,—8e7| 50| 50 | — Slight Rain | —.903 eT ims ercast |—973| 44 | 44 | — |Clear S. |13| 30-034) 50 | 48 | 2 Overcast &cold 30.040| 59 | 48 | 11 -—-— & cold | — 9 43 |.43| — to M. 14, —047 57 | 50, 7 (|Finebutcold 29.959} 79 | 5o | 20 Very Fine | —.906| $4| 54 — |Overcast — T-|15|29895|. 56 | 56 | — Slight drizzle | |— -946| 64 | $52 | 12 Coady & Do. | 30.097} 51 | 51 | — Cloudy & Fine W. 116 30.208] 58 | 44 | 14 Fine, dry air | | 30.186 69| 50| 19 |Very Fine {|—.111] 47| 47 | — Th. 17| —079 63| 5o | 13 Cloudy, Do. |—.044| 68 | 50 18 (Cloudy & Do. 29-875; 48 | 48 | — F. 18, 29.288| 62 55 | 7 |Very Fine 9716} 80| 5822 Sultry |—.605| 60 60 | — © 53.19 —607} 60| to, — Cloudy |—61 3| 66| 58| 8 [Ditto —689| 52 | 52| — S. 20 —.759 62| 58 | 4 |Very Fine | 740 Ob | E56 | — Slight Rain —724| 52 52 | — M. 21| —.769 65 | 61, 4 |Fine —854| 66| 66 | — Heavyshowers —959| 52 | 52|— T. |22 30059, 60 | 60 — [Very Fine | 30.030) 69 55 | 14 Cloud —994| 54| 54|— W. 23 ,—.0218| 61 | 55 | 6 |Do.Overcast 29.913| 64 64 | — Heavy rain —812| 54| 54|— Th. |24| 29 741| 63 | 6o | 3 |Slightlyovercast —.699| 63 | 63 | — [Ditto |—639| 58| 58|— D Fizes $9| 59 | — Heavy Rain |—.494| 70| 65 | 5 (Fine |—543| 58) 58 | — e. 26,—.€05, 68 | 68 | — Cloudy (—.683| 69) 65 4 Cloudy & Do. |—.77 21-051 x i15 95! 56| 56 — Showery —.979| 68, 68 — Showery |30-128| 52 | 52 | — T 28,—.981| 56 | 56 | — Rain —.924| 60| 6o, — (Ditto 29-773| 56 | 56 | — wW. 29| —.761| 61 | 61 | — Cloudy —743| 66 | 62| 4 Ditto 817) 54| 54| — *(39|—966| 62 | 60| 2 Fine .927| 64| 60| 4 [Fine 30.093| 53 | 53| — E o. i 29.931/58.56 53.93. 4.63 m 919| 65.23 47 d 29.917| 52.13, 51.97)0.17 [ 18 ] JUNE. Temperature. Wind. Rain, = Remarks, Days.| Max Min. Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts. 0-132 47 gt 42 NE Little 2| 75 53 89 48 Ww Ditto 21 4 41 go 35 — | Ditto In this month the supply of moisture was abundant ; but heat 4| 7 46 95 41 NW | Ditto was deficient. The mean temperature, instead of progressing, ¢ sr 46 go 46 W Brisk .03 | fell 2? lower than that of the preceding month, and was 4 ol $39 40 60 35 NE Little .o1 | below the average. Very little rain fell between the 6th and 16th, »I. 2 46 68 45 N Brisk .o2 | and cold notherly winds were then prevalent. ‘The last half of 8| 56 46 60 44 — | Ditto the month was generally cloudy and wet. On the 23rd nearly 9| S7 39 68 32 NE Ditto half an inch of rain fell in less than an hour. lo| 71 41 80 34 N Little II 54 45 64 43 — | Brisk is | “a8 37 56 29 NE | Little „or | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily Seo m a inches. 13 65 37 68 33 NW | Ditto | Temperature .. siis Dittó Peon 58° P, 64 14 | 72 53 77 50 —— | Ditto | Dew Point ....... 5. Ditto CER i 537.79 15 | 69 36 77 28 e— | Brisk OF | Degree of Dryness Ditto ,.... 85 I6]. 74 41 77 35 S Little | Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ..... 842. 17| 70 41 74 35 a c] DEO Force of Vapour ..... Ditto ..... 413 inch. 18 | 80 54. 85 53 cine | IDEO .24 | Least observed degree of Moisture ..... :373 19 | 69 45 74 43 Ww Ditto .o8 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. . . . . 80°. 20 66 54 70 52 SW Brisk .o2 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ....... " 21 7! 47 76 43 uas | 3 .26 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun 95°. 22 73 46 77 4I Ww Little .or | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 8". 533 | 599 44 79 40 S Ditto .40 ean Temperature of External Air ..... 56°.23 $4 1-44 54. 80 $2 Ww rere -49 25 | $9 54 7 o SW Bris .04. 26 | 67 | 52 a ae sien 2 DR Winps. a7 1 470 52 72 48 Ww Little .10 Notth.... eis 4days | N. East......4 pr 28 | 62 go 4533 48 S Ditto -65 South sss. & .. 1S. East 44 ..0-. 29 | 69 48 | 73 45 SW | Ditto .07 Ent. 0 N. West..... Ew 30 | 67 52 72 51 NW | Ditto .O1 West iva 7 S. West. ese. s . 30 days. ; 67.30 | 45.16 | 75.43 | 42.37 235 Amount of Rain,ecses-+see+ 2.45 inches. [ 14] JULY. Morning. Noon, | Night. 1841. $ Barom Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. |; Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. | ' Th.| 1/30.080| 61 | Go| 1 jOvercast.- 30.049 66 | 62 4 (Overcast 50.040) 60 | 60 | — Overcast F.| 2,—.086| 63 | 63 | — azy — E 13 71 65 6 IDo. & Fine | —.123) 61 61 | — Slight Rain O S.| 3\—-126) 65 | 65 | — |Ditto & Mild |—.096, 76 | 63 | 13 Very Fine |29.989| 59 | 59 | — |Fine S.| 4129-963) 66 | 62 | 4 |Very Fine |129.955| 73 | 64 9 |Fine -999 58 | 58 | — |Cloud M. | 5/30.064| 64 | 64 — |Overcast&fine 30.062, 75 | 65 10 Ditto —.929| 65 | 65 | — Overcast T. | 6 29.635) 60| 6o | — Rain 29.696, 71 | 6o 11 |Ditt —.8og| 57 | 57 | — |Cloud W. 7,—.885 63 57 6 Fine — 854| 66 52 I4 Ditto, cloudy 639 58 58 — Rain is 8—.742| 61| $56| 5 Ditto 823| 66 | 55 | 11 Eme .898| 55 | 55 | — Clear S EAE x 53 5 |Light clouds | —.939 66 | 47 | 19 Very Fine | —.946) 55 | 55| — Cloudy i S a IRE 27] 49| 17 tre 823 73 60 | 13 Ditto —.492| 54| 54| — Rain S are 54 54 | — |Cloudy -266| 60 | 55 5 Overcast & fine —-572| 53 | 53 | — |Overcast T z Tes e 53 7 |Fine 594 61 56 5 Cloudy & mild —.585| 52 52 | — Ditto we dex a * 5 4 (Cloudy —.638| 67 | 55 12 |Fine —719 53 | 53 | — Clear bd em A 59 2 Yer Fine m et 4 — we : —570| 54| 54| — Cloud -— z px etae —. a ea thund 742 — (Heavy rain, tht : 16 —874| 59 | 59 | — Cloudy —.913| 62 | 60 2 Cloudy [Sho —977 + S — |Clear S u 30.013) 61].58| 3 Fine [cast| —-964, 70 | 57 | 13 |Very Fine 820 54 | 54 | — [Fine o M. 19 29.634) 59 |. $9 | — Uniformly over- | —.691| 63 | 58 5 |Overcast —-742| 53 | 53 | — |Ditto T. Ig 67 € 3 Very Fine —806| 73 | 64 9 |Fine —-813) 57 | 57 | — Cloudy w 524—599 .57.|..57 | — Rain 578, 6o | 60 | — |Heavy Rain | — 493. 56 | 56 | — Rain Th. 21—.475| 60 | 60 | — |Overcast —469| 62 | 62, — in —-665| 56 | 56 | — |Fine F. du f P 55 | 5 |Cloud —-730 66 | 60 6 |Cloudy —-828) 53 | 53 | — |Ditto S. a 3908, i $119 Ee —-948 65 | 50| 15 |Do.& Fine | —9 56 | 56 | — Ditto P X 36 —.14 6 55 - vercast 30:133 64 52 12 Ditto 30-128 56 56 — Dito (Cd ade 7 as 23 10 (Ditto —080| 70 | S4 | 16 Ditto —5071| 55 | 55 | — iClear T.[z729.00 € 6o| ec | , Shghthaze |—53| 74| 68 £6 [Very Fine |——oz2| 55 | 55 | — [Ditto we La 19-29 a a 4 |Ditto & Fine | 29.969 67 | 63 4 Overcast and 29-943) 55 | 55 | — Ditto Th 20 E a 58 : s ep Rain |—.784 71 | 62 9 (Cloudy [Do. —774| 52| 52| — Ditto F. 30 —.6 8 5 9 Dry |—.729 64 55 9 Do. & Fine —722 53 53 | — |Slight Rain $8 d 951.35 53 | 5 |Fine but cool| —.681|, 64 | 47 | 17 Ditto —-621) $1 51 Cloudy & Fi `; 31 —.582 60 | 53 | 7 |Fine —.576) 60 | 6o | — Rain —622| 48| 48 Ditto | | 29.826 60.99 57:49 3:70 29,816 66.80 | 58.58| 8.22 29816 $5.16 55-16 |o.óo | ! | JULY. Temperature. | Wind. Rain Remarks. Days| Max. | Miu. Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force. In, Pt. 1| 63 59 66 59 SW Little o5 2| 69 60 £z 59 W | Ditto en he mean temperature advanced more than 4? in the month ; 31. 79 55 84 52 SW | Ditto 94 | but it was still 2° below the average. The amount of rain was 4 53 72 52 yv Brisk upwards of an inch in excess. The quantity which fell on the $ ay 57 80 37 NE Little 59 | 15th was remarkable, being very little short of an inch and a half 6| 72 3. 77 48 Ww Brisk 93 | and mostly as heavy thunder-showers. The morning was fine; 7| 67 53 72 50 SW Ditto 08 | but before noon the verge. in dense dark masses, were observed 8 | 7 LE i ee Wy Little '€! | to be in great comm e storm broke forth with great 9] 7s 44 76 38 Ditto violence ; and hail of large size fell to the westward. "Towards 104 73 49 76 49 SW | Ditto :36 night the rain set in and constant, with more frequent du Em. 43 68 48 NW | Ditto but less violent occurrence of pr and lightning. 12 | 64 44 68 41 W Ditto .02 13 68 42 74 36 Brisk :92 | Mean Pressure from the 3 pog ——— 29.819 inches. 14 | 66 45 75 40 SW | Little :97 | —— "Temperature ........Ditto....... 60?.98 15 | 68 as 77 39 5 Ditto 146] —.— Dew POE 0 ino COUTE 57°.01 16 | 72 4 76 gc N Ditto “OT | ——— Degree of Dryness ....Ditto....... 3°.97 17] 75 49 80 46 S Ditto —— Degree of Moisture. . . .Ditto....... 872. 18 | 75 48 84 | 45 NW | Ditto —— Force of Vapour...... Dite... .463 inch. Ti 2 34 79 a3 Ww Ditto :07 | Least observed degree of Moisture........ 512 20 | 63 55 65 55 SW | Ditto ‘29 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade..... 79°. 21 | 67 54 70 51 p | Dip :19 | Minimum Temperature in Ditto..... des. EE 22 | 67 $^ 72 48 W Brisk ‘22 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ..... 84°. “he 64 53 dom » NW Little oI | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 36°. 24 | 60 59 71 46 NE | Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air....... 599.30 sg | :68 51 77 48 Ditto 365.1 978 53 va 49 id em WINDS. T 7 49 7 25 ird Vévewef OS N. e days 38 |. 22^ 1 42- | 26 | -44 SW | Brisk ccna ient : Beet. A. $ x oo S 7 75 44 NW "nd DF REP osses 8s N, Wet. ve 3 o LT Ji 62 jn 73 a rum ti West wees ID. uu ! S. West ...10 31 days. i : 68.61) 50.00, 74.06) 47.58 3-56 Amount of Rain ..00..+seeeesss00e 3°56 inches. [ 16 ] Night. Hygrometer. AUGUST. Noon. Hygrometer. 64 64. ROS I 58 3 73] 65. 8 Jul $1 ) € 64 64 m 66 | 56 | 10 Ibl. 0j 8 D 701 Of. 5| 6 $961 irj 69 | 57 |. 12 68 | 68 52] (ob 12 68| 58 | 10 79 79 mis 67| 58| <9 72 | 65 74 | 67 7 Di 7T 6411 13 onl. Cock, 12] TET- $3.5. 19 Ditto 69.| 63 6 5 Di 65 6 Hi 08 1- £e: b. 1 56 | 56| — 62 62 aint | 74 | 72 80 | 70| 10 3 2 es 5 78 | 70 8 Ditto 9 8 FELEEELELEE GE ES ELELET ELE S 1 1114 14 Morning. Hygrometer, | Weather. 60 | 60 | — SSlight Rain 60 | 58 | 2 |Fine 63 | 63 | — |Hazy 59 | 59 | — Ram 65 61 4 |Fine 59 | 59 | — |Overcast 62 | 6o | 2 |Light clouds 61 61 | — |Rain 58 | 55| 3 Fine 65 | 55 | 10 Ditto aa 62 | 62 | — Stormy & Wet 59 | 54| 5 |Fine ici 58 | 58 | — Overcast 64 | 64 — Rain 65 | 63 | 2 Fine 62 | 62 | — slightly Overcast 64 | 63 | 1 (Overcast 62 61 azy 60 | 58 | 2 |Very Fine 62 | 60 Overcast 239 1, a — [Fine 56 | 56 | — Cloudy 57 |. 57 | — |Rain 54 |. 54 | — Clear 59 | 59 | — |Drizzl 61| 61 | — |Hazy & Mild 69 | 69 | — |Heavy Dew 5A] 941-— WokEY 65 | 63 | 2 Slight Fog 61 6r] -— Foggy [Fine 64| 64 | — Cloudy V ioca p | mn 62.26, 6.90 pe | 56.67 0.13 PO Soca ere P EA ee [17] AUGUST. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days. Max Min Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force In. Pts. 1| 66 49 72 43 SW Little de The weather still continued moist; but in this month an average | 2| 70 58 75 $0: cro ee .38 | temperature was fully maintained, south and south-west winds TTD 57 77 58 —— | Brisk .38 | being prevalent. The mean height of the barometer was nearly 4| 69 57 72 55 N Ditto J, of an inch lower than usual. The temperature during the days 5 64 Li ae 72 56 SW Ditto -OI | was below the average in the first half of the month; but the 6. 67 57 72 56 W Ditto .07 | minimum at nights averaged higher than it generally does at this TT 7 58 78 56 = s) Dto period of the season, which is to be accounted for in consequence 8| 67 52 70° 50 S Little -01 | of the clouded state of the atmosphere. A great change how- oi 2 49 72 43 Ww Ditto -01 | ever took place in the last week, the mornings being then foggy, 10 | 68 55 74 54 S Brisk -36 | and the days hot. 11 | 68 46 74. 43 SW Ditto »30 12 |. 65 vam 74 36 NW | Little Mean Pressure from the 5 daily observations 29.860 inches. arr 54 vin 53 3 Ditto an Temperature... .....- Ditto, cso 2°.33 E n 54 77 del - Brisk ad Dew Point....... aes EO , ores 9?.60 a an Ud 77 46 —— | Dus —— Degree of Dryness....Ditto...... 21.731 I 74 80 2" A Little —— Degree of Moisture. . .Ditto...... 910 uf a3 5 to 53 Ditto —— Force of Vapour..... itto... .. . 507 inch mr 55 n 53 exec pus Least observed degree of Moisture... ... 520 E Es 47 m Vd S Le eis Maximum Temperature in theShade.... 81°. = x 95 q3 jad Bris Minimum Temperature in ditto........ 419. e De - = T 3 Little Maximum Temperature in the Sun.,.. .102°. - : 54 85 ied W. Brisk :58 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 36°. H3 nd 85 39 Little *9! | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 62°.48 24 | 67 45 71 40 N tto s E 2g | 07 6o 70 56 SW | Ditto +07 26 || 79 62 83 60 —— | Ditto WiNps. 27 | 81 5: 86 48 — | North ...... 2 days | N. East..... o days 28 | 77 de 9o | 48 W Ditto South .....407 .. [S.Emt.,.. e 0 «0 29 | B1 E | Tor 50 SW | Ditto Eat. sar oO .. | N. Westi. 2 i 30 | 80 67 | 102 64 S Ditto WERE. SO * S. West.» *.12. +> si 7 45 95 41 NW | Ditto .02 L a TORT EE 31 days. 72.03, 52.93| 79-61| 49.84 2.69 Amount of Rain ......... «se» 2.69 inches. VOL, III, 2ND SERIES, D [ 18 ] SEPTEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 1841. È Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, O W. į 1/30.076| 57 52 5 |Cloudy & Fine|29.991| 66 50 | 16 Very Fine 30.092| 47 457 | “o> (lear Th. | 2/29.843| 55 | $5 | — |Slight Fog ||—757| 69 | 62| 7 [Ditto 29.752} 51 | 51 | — |Do. & mild F.| 3|—.691| 62 | 62| — Very Fine —.618| 72| 72 | — |Showery —.439| 60 | 6o | — [Rain S.| 4|—.444| 51 | 51 | — |Rain —.622} 49 | 49 | — [Stormy & wet ||—.775| 44 | 44 | — |Cloudy & Cold S | 5|—.823| 53 | 46| 7 |Cloudy & fine|—.785| 53 | 53 | — [Rain —-753} 41 | 41 | — |Foggy & Do M. | 6|—.721| 45 | 45 | — |Dense Fog |—7o4| 60| 5o | 10 Slight haze |—.725| 44| 44 | — [Ditto T.| 7|\—-734| 55 | 55 | — |Foggy —670|. 56 | 56, — [Ram —.582 55| 55 | — |Cloudy € W.| 8/|—717| 59 | $9| — |Fine —.798| 68 | 66, 2 |Fine -951| 54 | -54 | — |Ditto Th. | 9/30-019| 58 | 58 | — |Hazy —98o| 67 | 66 | 1 Overcast&kDo.|—.959, 6o | 58 | 2 |Do. and Fine F.|10/29.985| 54 | 54 | — |Ditto —.999| 20 | 68| 2 Very Fine 30.002} 56 | 56 | — |Clear & Fine 8.|11/39-052| 59 | 59 | — Foggy 30.042, 69.| 65 | 4 Ditto 29.976, 62 | 62 | — |Ditto Ditto $.|12/29.923| 66 | 65 | 1 |Very Fine 29.598| 78 | 68 | 10 |Ditto —.820| 6r | 61 | — |Ditto M. |13|—-843| 65 | 65 | — [Slight haze | —.838| 78 | 73| 5 Hot —.815| 63 | 63 | — |Ditto T.|14|—-803| 64| 62] 2 Dry haze —5.589|. 78 | 70| 8 |Ditto 763. 64 | 64 | — |Cloudy € W.1;,—.886| 63 | 63 | — |Very Fine —.866| 73 | 57 | 16 |Very Fine —.847 58 | 58 | — |Rain Th.16|—.83o0| 64 | 64 | — |Ditto 820| 66 | 60] 6 Ditto 876, 50| 5o | — Clear . F.|17|—.967| 52 || 52 | — {Clear —954| 65 | 50 | 15 |Do., cloudless|—.913, 47| 47 | — |Ditto $.|118|—.9o03| 49 | 49 | — Foggy —.892| 68 | 58 | Io |Ditt 897, 49 | 49 | — |Ditto | . $.19|—.996|. 52 | "$2 — [Ditto —.972| 68 | 6r | 7 [Ditto 0.037, 59 | 59 | — |Overcast M.|20/30.109| 62 | 62 | — 'Hazy & mild 30.096} 70 | 65| 5 |Dry Haze — o5 6o | 00 | — |Ditto T.21/29.969| 60| 60} — Haz 29.849} 66 | 65 | 1 Ditto 49.700 -55 | 55 | — [Clear and fine} D) W.|22,—.619| 6o | 60; — Rain 627| 70 | 62, 8 |Very Fine —613 56 | 56 | — |Cloudy | Th. 23,—.617| 56 | 56 | — [Ditto —.602} 59 | 59 .— Heavy Rain $—528...51 | $t | — De. ~ Ran] 11141540. 57| 57 | — Cloudy —514| 62 | 62 | — Cloudy 480 53 | 53 | — [Rai I T x —398| 55 | 55) — Heavy showers | —.435| 62 | 62 | — |Showery —481| 54| 5$4| — aea & mild E: 261—447, 56 | 56 | — Cloudy —.422| 6o | 60 | — |Ditto —.480| 53 | 53 | — |Stormy with rain T. = MI 55 | 58: 0 Overcast —.567| 68 | 65 | 3 |Fine —.512| 55 | §5 | — |Ditto, lightning = , i 60 | 60 | — Rain —.31o| 64| 64, — Rain —.381| 65 | 65 | — |Cloudyboisterous JE 9|— 1071 59] $9 | — [Boisterous —.267| 63 | 6o | 3 [Boisterous —.200| 55 | 55 | — |Clear & Fine © Th. 30/—.177| 58 | 58 | — Slight Rain ||.—172| 62| 62| — .with Rain| —.413| 52 | 52 | — |Ditto | Lu 29.736 — 29.711 65 9 s RR 63 29.728|54 46 54 40 0.06 | | | | | [ 19 ] SEPTEMBER. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Pt Max. | Min. Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pis. IE 2 36 go 32 S Little 2 73 48 gl 42 —— | Brisk This month was warmer ‘than usual and more moist. The 3 72 50 89 49 SW Little -48 | mean temperature was upwards of 2° above the average; and "MES 41 9o 39 Ww Strong :32 | the amount of rain was nearly an inch excess. The barome- 5 56 36 62 31 E Little 04 | ter was low throughout. During the first three weeks there 6 | 61 37 72 36 S Ditto were however intervals of dry weather, favourable for the process 7| 68 49 65 46 —— | Ditto -17 | of ripening; but from the zīst to the end of the month there 8 | 7o 51 88 47 SW Ditto was not one wholly dry day. Upwards of 24 inches of rain fell 9| 68 56 72 54 S Ditto in the last 10 days. The 27th was stormy with heavy rain and 10} 74 55 92 53 SW | Ditto much lightning at night. The 28th and 29th were boisterous. EN 54 93 52 NE Ditto 12| 84 | 56 | 104 | 54 SE Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.725 inches. 13 | 79 59 98 56 E Ditto Temperature ........ Dirto «£4... 99.26 14 | 78 55 96 59 SE Ditto | Dew Point 5.15.12 Ito ident $75.05 15 | 66 55 97 52 S Brisk -06 Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ...... 1°.73 16 | 71 41 9o 36 — — | Little :91 | —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... 934. 17 | 69 41 go 36 W Ditto Force of Vapour ..... RRO a's’ -468 inch 18 | 72 40 go 33 S Ditto Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 571 19 4; 24 54 94 51 E Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 84°. SO 7 6o 89 58 SE Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 36°. Ge.) o 56 87 54 E Brisk :19 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 104°. 91 ge 52 go 50 S Ditto *3° | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 319. 23 | 66 49 7o 46 — | Little *23 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 597.44 24 | 64 50 69 46 SW nee °25 2 65 o 77 8 —— itto -30 26 64 2 69 18 S Brisk .27 WiNps. 27 | 67 54 83 52 Ww Ditto Tv OTE vos o days | N. East ....1 days 28 64 56 65 53 s Little ET. SOU 6 aitsi s Eit sian 9. 29 | 65 54 79 50 —— | Strong «35 Db eee ee $c TN: Westingd 30 65 44 66 40 SW Ditto ET WE ectie 3 a S. West i46 ome) Y > 30 days. 68.83| 49.66| 83.56, 46.46 3.71 Amount of Rain 3.71 inches. [ 20 ] iue ge . OCTOBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 1841. & Barom Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, F. | 1| 29.424) 53 53 | — |Thick Haze || 29 437; 61 61 | — Overcast 29.598} 53 Lu D mee Cloudy = S. | 2| —.730| 49 | 49 | — |Fin —.745| 59| 51 | 8 |Very Fine —.773| 59 | 59 | — |Ditto & Fine $.|3|—792, 53 | 50 | 3 |Cloudy &Do. | —749| 58 | 58 | — Cloudy —.745| 54 | 54 | — |Ditto M.|.4, —793| 53 | 55 | — |Fine —567| 55| 55 | — Ditto 2329..$5 | c55 | — {Overcast DP.) $|.—.124. 54 | 54 | — (Cloudy —.os50 59| 59 | — Cloudy 28.888| 50 | 50 | — |Rain E W. 6 28.808, 50 | $50 | — |Fine 28.809 58 | 54} 4 Ditto —.92 46 | 46 | — |Clear & Fine € Th.| 7 —.991| 53 | 53 | — Ditto 29.018. 59 | 54 | § |Fine 29.038| $50 | 50 | — |Overcast, rain] F.|829147| 52| 52 | — |Overcast —.224| 56 | 56 |, — Slight rain —.027| 48 | 48 | — |Clear $.| 9, —712| 50 | 50 | — Ditto i| —776| 56 | 5o | 6 Cloud —.872) 46 | 46 | — Cloudy S. 10 —835/ 54| 53 | 1 Slightly Ditto! —.799. 57 | 57 | — Slight rain —.612| 55 | 55 | — (Overcast M. |11| —.596 54 | 54| — Fine ||—.596| 60 | 48 | 12 Very Fine .441| $0 | 50 | — [Rain T. 12 —.234) 49 | 49 | — Clearing 202, 54| 54 | — Heavyshowers| —.596| 46 | 46 | — |Clear & Fine f W. 13,—859| 49 | 49 | — Light clouds || —973| $5 | 44 | 11 |Fine —912| 54 | 54 | — Stormy, Rain 9 Th. 14 — 812 $9 | 59| = Cloudy, boisterous | — 821, 63 | 60 | 3 Cloudy —.698 56 | 56 | — |Overcast F. 15 492, 55 | 53 | 2 Light clouds || —.561| 59 | 59 | — Rain 209/..54.| 53 1 |Ditto S. 16 520 50 sa [ a Heavy Rain |—.349| 59 | 59 | — Densely clouded ||—.519) 52 52 | — Clear S. /17,—519 53 | 53 | — Densely Overcast | —444| 62 | 60 |. 2 Cloudy & Fine| —4c9g 50 | 5o | — Storm M. 18 —-591| 51 | 46| s Clear& Windy| —.829, 55 | 40 | 15 Fine .805| 47 | 47 | — |Slight Rain T. 19 —.524, 48 | 48 | — Cloudy 98| 54 | 46 | 8 Ditto —.962| 43 | 43 | — |Clear hd ea “AER AZ ARE CAT —.805} 54| 46| 8 Ditto .611| 49 | 49 | — |Boisterous Th ied nemis 42 | 42 | — Ditto —988 50 | 38 | 12 Ditto, Clear || 30.162) 32 | 32 | — |Frosty D F. \22) 39124. 34 |. 34 | — |Frosty Haze | 30.050} 50 | 43 7 Overcas 9.861| 44 | 44 | — (Overcast : 23. 29-449. 55 55 | — Cloudy 29.316| 58 | 58 | — |Rain .034| 50 | 50 | — |Cloudy x |24 25.924 Spo rci ouds |28.947| 52 | 49 | 3 (Cloudy, Fine | 28.964| 37 | 37 | — |Clear T e 29 9 K 7 43 | — Densely Overcast || 29 111| 52 | 47 |: 5 Ditto 29.234| 34 | 34 | — |Foggy m w le ae 3 38 | — Foggy —.358| 50 | 45 | s Hazy clouds || —.460| 47 | 47 | — |Stormy, Ran] . TE "i Tei Aa rs Boisterous —.406| 47 | 47 | — Heavy rain —.458| 48 | 48 | — [Ditto F.lz dase 47 | 47 | — Rain .680| 49 | 49 | — Rain —.820| 45 | 45 | — Overcast s 9 —5135| 47) 44| 3 Flying clouds | —.804 48 | 48 | — |Slight drizzle | — 766, 49 | 49 | — [Ditto © s s —.776 45 = te epee Rain —.721, 48 48 |— ercast& Do.|| —730| 48 48 Ditto |I —798| 49 | 49 | — |Drizzly —.818| 55 | 55 | — Overcast —.877| 49 | 49 | — |Hazy E | ls. OA 29.54952.22 51.55 3.67 p 48 -350.03 | eoo eae Wee truc MS 2 [ 21 ] OCTOBER. Temperature. | Wind. Rain. | Remarks. Days. Max. | Min. Sun Rad. | Direction. Force, | In. Pts. 1| 64 43 73 40 N Little -20 This was an exceedingly wet E the amount of rain being 2| 6j 42 72 37 W Ditto upward of 44 inches. ‘There were only 4 days on which rain 3| 63 51 79 49 NW | Ditto *13 | did not fall. The barometer was remarkably low on the 6th, 4|. 61 49 79 47 NE | Ditto -36 | 7th and 24th; and its average height was lower than in any 5| 62 43 59 43 S Brisk 22 | month during the preceding 15 years at least. On the 18th 6 | 61 41 68 37 Ww Ditto 04 | the tide at Chiswick rose higher than it has done since the 28th Ti W 45 70 41 SW Ditto O4 | December, 1821. ean temperature was about a degree 8 57 45 68 49 e À a Ditto :03 | below the average. Frost at night occurred only twice; that 9: u Be 42 66 39 Ww Little 03 | on the 21st was such as to destroy the Dahlia flowers. The dedi 50 64 47 S Ditto :21 | ground was so deluged as to be rendered totally unfit for being 11 | 63 45 68 43 SW Brisk -34 | properly worked; and for most garden operations the weather 12| 57 42 58 49 Ww Ditto -24 | was very unfavourable. 13 | 58 50 64 48 NW | Ditto 04 14| 64 53 68 50 SW | Ditto .o2 | Mean c — the 3 wena fe goa: 29. 538 inches Fe 1. 60 41 75 37 NW Brisk i50 Temperature ..,..... DITO ossee 4 9°. .98 16 | 58 42 58 39 W Ditto 04 Dew Point i Fe eR n es Ditto v n 497.55 17 |. 63 48 64 47 —— | Strong .o1 | —— Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... 17.43 18 58 43 60 41 PE Brisk 142 Degree of poutine diee Ditto bane 979. 19 | 51 31 60 29 NW | Ditto orce pour i. as. IS sche ee -355 inch zo | 56 37 60 33 SW | Ditto .o4 | Least biered res of Moisture ...... 581 21 | 50 26 64 22 Ww Little aximum Temperature in the Shade .... 64°. 22 57 38 60 33 SE Ditto .o1 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ....... 26^. 23 11:87 45 59 42 S Brisk .21 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 79°. 24 | 56 31 59 27 Ww Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... E a ee 35 56 29 SW | Little .o1 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 499.86 26-1. 9t 42 52 41 NE | Ditto ¿ti | Pe ie | +92 Nottie... «+ 1 days. | N. East......6 days. 28 | 48 43 48 T —— pue ied South ii... East . sss EI" 45 2 | Ditto deni Eit... vies o N. West... o 2 | 45 2 45 D = West... iva. 9 S. West Gu ee 31-53] 44 | 53 |- M SE | Ditto +19 i - 31 day 57.09| 42.64) 62.35) 39.96 4.61 Amount of Rain... ...... ee. «4.61 inches, [ 22) NOVEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 1841. d Barom, Hygrometer. | Weather, Barom. | Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. E a ig oe TT E M. 129.901 46 | 46 — Rain 29.931| 49 | 49 | — |Drizzly 90.0031 47| -47 | = Ord 1 ur pue $ E uei ud E IN 6] BE pU LS ns 3 oa orn .4 D = ae 2| 4 |t a oe 4 na " Th. 4|—-372| 44 | 44 | — Ditto —.340 48 48 a Light Haze ||—.370| 46 | 46 | — Overcast 3 F. —+341| 45 M: BE azy TOTO 49 49 | — Hazy 379| 47 45 E. de 2 ee Sree Pee el E "n eee — Ditto —. 379 I 2 (Ditto —.351| 4 ET ie M.| 8|—.333| 45 | 46 | — Foggy - 306 i — Ditto b> att 43 | 435] — Sueb ee 3 Emden. ccftamap- GEECENEAERTA -| 10j[— —.142| 53 | 47 itto ine |—.061 =r LEN = Th. 29.976 49 40 9 Slightly Ditto! 20 962 55 50 5 Ve Fine 29-934 43 43 — tied 2 F. —.56 5I 51 — Slight t Rai —.516 51 51 Ste ery —.515 39 Eg T = ear E € 3$.|13|—.430| 41 | 37 4 Cloudy —.431| 46 | 32 | 14 |Clear & Fine |—.102| 35 | 35 | — Ran E ES iaie HEB JE TB TOP Be TO hed as 3 39 | — Hazy po. 907| —35 = “ EE —.435 jo bajo | = mano A char —. 490 is G a (Clear —.c88t 272 | 27 | — Mises i Be -| 17}—:700) 22 | 22 | — (Sharp Frost |—.665| 35 | 35 | — [Ditto —414| 35| 35 | — [Overcast ag a —.316| 35 | 35 | — \Stormy, sleet -372| 39 | 39 | — |Cloudy & Cold|—.666| 34 | 34 | — ie | 19]}—-474| 44 | 44 | — [Densely Overeast| —.266/ 47 | 47 | — |Rain —.393 37 | 32 | —— ar $420—.374 35] 35 | — op —.230| 50 | 50 | — [Overcast 195 a7 | 42 | —— Clo udy 5 D S.|z1|—.382| 46| 46 | — Rain —.316| 55 55 | — Stormy with rain ||—.291} 54 54 | — |Stormy, rain | A M.| 22 ally 33 3 E ae ere 1 SS) 7 55 2 Cloudy —.455| 43 TE me Mies : cH Eb Ww vi P d n 33 is Dite m 659 47 | 42 | 5 tto —.736| 41 | 40] I Cloud E Th 4 m : d pal s 1—:991| 45 | 38| 7 |Clear & Fine |—.881| 32| 32 | — 2 H 25|—.783| 3 3 Light clouds |—.786| 42 | 38 | 4 |Ditto gi3| 31| 31|— 2 S mcn e a — Frosty & foggy -.839| 36 | 36 | — |Fog —.798| 41i 40 I Slighti overosst | O S. ur + p — i is sme 51| 51I | — one — 583 ey} oat | d nad : s x —+564) 51 [| — |Clou -—. 41i M. 29 — | 176 52 52 "me Heavy Rain ý 166 55 Se ink eoe FIOR 28.943 55 55 — Ditto a T.|30|28.899| 54 | 54 | — |Boisterous (28.845| 55 | 55 | — |Boisterous ^|29.250| 48 | 48 | — |Clear d Loud | : CERO 29.729 E =) 87 29-754 42 alu 93 E 3 [ 23 ] NOVEMBER. Temperature. Wind Rain. Remarks, Days.| Max. | Min. | Sur Rad. | Direction. | Force In.. Pts. 3 The weather was hazy up to the 10th, but with little rain. LL 45 6o 44 Ww Little *19 | From this date to the end of the month there were only four dry $4.35 37 65 35 NE Ditto days, the amount of rain being nearly an inch higher than usual. 3| 55 36. | -ps 34 E Ditto The mean temperature was about a degree above the average. 4| 48 zs 49 36 me EINE Westerly winds were prevalent. ‘The 16th was clear and cold &] 39 44 89 4! SE Ditto with severe frost at night. The 14th and 18th were stormy with 6| 58 35 72 31 S Ditto rain and sleet. Much rain fell on the 28th and 29th; the 3oth LL 2 SZ. [i99 | Ww Ditto was boisterous, the barometer at the same time falling very low. 8| 51 39 73 38 SW | Ditto idm Mr of the grounds adjoining the Thames were flooded to an 9 50 45 52 43 a Brisk usual extent in consequence of the state of the weather on "I 44 59 T wW Ditto these days and the previously saturated condition of the earth. 1i 55 35 6o 33 —— Little +40 izi 90g 32 66 29 —— | Brisk .o6 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.746 inches 13 | 48 34 7o 30 — | Ditto .27 | —— Temperature....... Ditto 43°-93 I4 | 4I 23 70 18 NW Strong .04 | —— Dew Point........ e... Dittó. 5 sss 43°.02 iE] 37 25 39 22 SE Little +04 Degree of Dryness...... Ditto., sas v OE 16 | 35 15 50 10 W Ditto Degree of Moisture. .... Ditto. f.. | FAN. 32 41 29 SE Ditto .12 | —— Force of Vapour....... Ditto,..... .280 inch. 18 | 42 25 44. 20 NE | Ditto .12 | Least observed degree of Moisture. ..... ee -594 19 | 47 27 46 24 SE Ditto .24 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade... ... 63°. 20 | &2 40 52 38 S Ditto .18 | Minimum Temperaturein ditto.. ....... i tg ou) 51 54 49 — | Strong .30 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun 24". a2 || $8 31 62 26 SW | Brisk .21 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation, ....... 10°. 233 | x 26 52 24. S Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air....... 429.60 24 | 45 27 52 24. NW | Little 25 | 44 23 62 20 —— | Ditto WiNps. 26 | 47 37 48 35 E Ditto .02 North........0 days | N. East......2 day 27 | $51 42 SI 40 SW | Ditto EE Both ieee cee TS. Bast. obe v 28 | 54 43 59 42 — | Brisk .60 EBtécevvess3Mo +e. | N, West .itead 29 | 58 49 60 47 — | Strong 54 West ........7 S. West ......7 «> s| uci 49 [| 55 |.37 ],—— | Ditto .95 h Y ced - 30 days. Amount of Rain 3-41 inches, 49-90) 35-30| 56.90) 32.43 3.41 | 24 ] : . DECEMBER. T Morning. . Noon. Night. 1841. £ Barom, Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. | Weather, — W.| 1129.536) 45 | 45 | — [Slightly overcast || 29.301| 51 | 51 | — [Overcast 29.350 48 | 48 | — jOvercast a Th. | 2—.437| 45 | 45 | — Cloudy, damp| —416| 52 | 52 | — Cloudy —.207 49 | 49 | — {Rain a F. | 3\—.246| 46 | 45 | 1 |Fine 28948) 52 | 52 | — |Rain l—.174 47 | 45 | 2 [Cleat oa S. | 4—.922| 42 39 | 3 Clear 29.297, 48 | 48 | — Heavy Ditto 1— 705. 48 | :48 | — Densely Cloudy € S. | 5/—:938| 45 | -42 | 3 Cloudy |—.990 49| 45| 4 Clear & Fine | 30038 47 | 47 | — |Ditto M. 6,—.761 50 50 | — |Overcast — $83-. 53 52 | — |Heavy Rain | 29.757. 42 42 | Clear T 7.—.863| 39 | 39 | — |Clear —.868| 48| 48|— C b= 493: $0 | 50 | Oversee "di 8—.475|. 51 | 51 | — |Ra —-391; 54| 54| — Cloudy 478 47 | 45] * Cloudy Lampe vr ms —-763| 44 | 44| — |Very Fine | —.708) gal cec **|10,—376| 52| 52 — |Overcast 252). 54) 54]| — am 659| -43 | 49] 3 Clear S. 11|—.879 39 | 39 | — Slightly Ditto! —.891| 46 | 43 | 3 Clear —.Jgi3| 40| 38) 2 Cloudy o i 12\—.6 46 | 46 | — |Rain -566| 52 | 52]| — (Overcast, stormy| —.515| 52| 52| — Ditto T 13 ——350| 5o| 50 | — |Ditto —.289| 51 | 51 | — Cloudy —,238| 44| 44] — Clear : w three Arp Cloudy —.690| 41 | 39| 2 [Ditto & Cold || 30.033) 32 | 32 | — |Ditto hog 15\—-9907| 42 — |Overc _ || —-783| 48 | 48 | — [Densely overcast | 29.510} 48 | 48 | — Cloudy pr 419} 4o:| 4o | — [Slightly Ditto! 278) 45 | 45 | — [Very Fine || —.266| 37 | 37 | —|Cleat A 17,—.461| 32'| 32 | — |Clear& Frosty| —.529| 37 | 37 | — |Fine —.6o9| 27 | ?7| — Do. &F S. 18—.585| 25'| 25 | — |Frosty —-503| 30 | 30 | — |Frosty, Haze | —.402| 26 | 26| — Ditto i M 19—270| 25'| 25 | — |Ditto —.188| 32 | 32 | — light Snow |-—.19o| 31 | 31, — Over T. 20—.218| 29 | 29 | — Ditto —.252) 32 | 32 | — |Frosty, Fine | —444| 29 | 29| — Slightly Dow D ai S08 NA 653| 33 | 33 | — (Clear — -676 csa | 532 | — Clean ws eh eee eee Frost 782) 37 | 37[— (Cloudy —851| 34| 34| — |Drizzly F assaz 391-38 | — Haz 793| 44 *— |Drizzly —854| 39 | 34| 5 Cloudy, F - |24,/30.016| 44 44 | — t —.967 47 47| — —.902| 49 49 | — Overcast ii S. |25/29.769| 44 — |Ditto, Rain || —.687 44. — |Overcast —4657| ^31 31| — lear hs 26\—.755| 31 | 31 | — |Overcast —.841| 30] 30] — (Cl uim 32 | 32 | — |Cloudy . 27,30.099 31 31 niin 30.121 34 3 cu. az o8 3 3 Ko. itto | : O = 28—.063| 36 36 | — [Ditto —.0$9| 43 "i — Light Clouds Run 6 do 3 |Ditto & Fine T 29— 078| 43 | 43 | — |Drizzly —.058| 43 | 43 | — |Dense Fog —.035| 4I c ims. Slight Rain » 30—084 35 | 35 | — |Hazy 29.927| 42 | 42 | — |Hazy |—166|, 38 | 38 | — [-* . 31 35 | 35 | — |Fine 30.195| 40 | 35 | 5 |Very Fine ==187| 37 | 37|— Ditto | | ; = 29.707 ace Me: 29 jose uide 26 0.45 29.690,39. 93 39.380.55 | | | DECEMBER. VOL. 11. 2ND SERIES. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days. Max. | Min Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts. : S4 43 61 41 x ee -08 The weather still continued wet up to the 13th; from this to pe) aay " 54 44 SW b 12 | the 21st it was generally frosty at night, and again wet every day So) Bt: Do IE oH Bris *17 | to the zgth. The mean temperature was 1? above the average. 41 39 ^de raed 37 pes *15 | The amount of rain was half an inch in excess. The mean height £139 4*5 19 mi m. *14 | of the barometer, as in every preceding month of the year, was 6| 52 35 $5 32 WwW x *3° | below the average. Except in very few instances the air was found $ M 2 H M: A Mr 61 to be constantly saturated with moisture. West and SW. winds ES : ** | were prevalent. HUM: d: 53 37 Little "E This has been the wettest season of any since 1826 at least, the b: 2 36 56 " zd eke 169 time when these Journals were commenced. 12 Hs zi i e SW | Ditto .17 j - : UAI 40 52 38 —— | Little .o8 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.679 inches. 14 | 42 a7 43 22 N Brisk emperature......+.+.-Ditto 40". 15 | 50 37 52 35 S Ditto Jj0 | — Dew Point ............* Ditto. s.i. 40.53 16 | 49 30 55 25 W Little Degree of Dryness...... Ditto.....« 07.43 1 iao 17 43 12 ——- | Ditto Degree of Moisture ..... Ditto...... 984. 18 | 35 16 36 9 NE | Ditto —— Force of Vapour..... . Ditto... ... .255 inch 19| 37 27 37 22 —— | Brisk Least observed degree of Moisture .......+ 828 20| 39 20 52 16 -—— | Little Maximum Temperature in the Shade,..... 559. 21| 35 26 49 22 Ww Brisk .Minimum Temperature in ditto,......... 16°. 22 | 37 33 40 31 — | Ditto .o2 | Maximum Temperature inthe Sun........ 61°. 23 | 46 27 48 24 SW Little .06 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation........ 9°. 24| 50 42 50 4I —— | Brisk .12 | Mean Temperature of External Air....... 2397.59 25 | 49 22 $2 19 — | Ditto .o6 36| 39 | u | MM 23 | —— | Ditto .O1 Winps. 27 | 36 25 37 22 Ww Little .02 Nam Senec 1 GAVE 1 IN, ERE... ees 20y8 28 44 37 46 35 NW itto s02 SOWIE TE es 2 LI . East. s...... 3 "* 29 | 45 39 45 27 —— | Ditto .05 East 4... 0 oo | N. Wet Aeshi 30 | 42 31 42 27 SE Ditto WEE iire 6s 1S. Wet..cvoees. 10 31 | 40 33 41 31 — | Ditto — v mis 31 days : Amount of Rain ...-cccscccoss oivevseceed ta itn 45.80! 33.38 48.87) 30.07 2.12 E [ 25] Monthly Mean Pressure, Temperature, and Dew Point, &c. of 1811; deduced from the Observations recorded in the preceding Journal. Pressure. Temperature. "m iss In Sun's Terrestrial | Mean at agens Tn the Shade. Mean at a Rays. Radiation. fee Months, Max. | Min, | Med, ru Mir, | Nod | Night. "E Max. | Min, | Med. | Mom. | Noon, | Night "bide Max. | Min. | Min. - Maz. ^ Jan. .|30.505/28.864 29.757 1.641 29.77329-77329.770:29.772| 53| 6 |34.2533-1339.5833.9735.19 56 | 22| 44| '! gam Feb. 1139: s 6 49 S TO 1.275 29. 785 2 de 29.768| 56 | 14 |36.6035.6440.3935.6437.22 62 | 27 | 43| 8 36 March go. 512 29° 525 29. aa -987 29-903 29.895 29.886/29.895| 67 | 27 |46.35/43-48154-7442-45146.89 74 | 42 47 | 22 46. April 30.171 BS 3712-838 o 0.800 29 83429 834 29 84229.839| 76 | 26 |47.0947-23\55-26.44.2048.90 81 26 51 | 20 48. May, ied 3629 cs, RU EON SEPT S MIS OEPC HA 006 [58 0959-7467-1953.2660.06 96 | 62| s| 32 615 June. 39:357139:49429-922/0-863 29.93129.91919.91729.923| 80 | 36 56.2358.5665-2952.1358.64 95 | 56) 53 | 28 58 July . J0+133 29.266 29.820 0.867 29.826 29 81629.81629.819| 79 | 42 |59.3060.9966.8055.1660.98| 84 | 65| 59| 36 6o Aug. |30.244 29 395.29. 359, 0-859 29 24 05829 86429.85929.860| 81 | 41 /62.48661.0369.1656.80/(62.33| 102 | 70 64 |. 36 [64-7 et dr dira ea TA 724 0.942 29:795 29004: 29.72829.225| 84| 36 |59.44157-36/65.9654.46\59.26, 104 | 65 58 | 31 [65.0 - s I. vitta 5371-354 29 531/29- 54029-54529. 538 64| 26 |49.8649.3652.2248.38/49.98, 79 | 48| 5o | 22 5185 Da 6 pcd tim C, oli 1:545 (29-75629.72929-75429.746| 63 | 15 42.6041.9047.8342.0643.93 73 39 | 49| 10 99 d 94539-679| 1.263.29.707/29. 64 19-690 aN) S55 1S UNUS AE UI 9340:96i.61 1.36 | 547: 9 [002 Aver. [39.292 29.166 29.785 1.125 29.791 29.778 29.785 29.785) 70.00 26.75 49-32 48.97 $5-5946.52 50. 36 80.58 46.50 52.00 21.085142 Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. ind Scale of the Winds. Rain. Mean Dew Poiut at Mesn Moan | M “pi pes Mosis] —| De of | degree of | degree of | degree of j e *| Mom. | Min. | Night, | Point, | Vapour. | Dryness. | Moisture. Moisture. || N. | N. E. | E. S.E. | S. | S.W. | W. | N.W. | Days. | In PH ams | 33-00 37-16, 33.58) 34.58 .200 | 0.61 | 976 708 | 5 2 i I 6 21. € 31 2.60 l .. 25. «21 š * i | 3 March ^ 6 e |o M cout neo) oum IET Esp pant e P au. i 2.2 mua :. | | April! 44.99. 44. : > d» Sr ie iene eit beget us Ls 2 T | oy ig; Gis Lua May | 5.26 e o o 432 ME ir eis GUIDE eps SEU a go | ($5 jos | ld i: = ie s EOR T TT 410 il nd]. f DIM b. sg +} . E. I | i | iv July .| 57.29. 58. 58 Fag » ji i E pa pes is m ud C LI UE srt "| 59°87, | 5*8 19.00. «4974.99 Gio xs | Sept. | 56.86 d 33 54-401 57.53! .468 | | d L| es Iu M : i 13 POs |itsa ccd ial e Qu Vu — — i . Bu t^. " 48.74 5 $5 49*35| 49°55) .355 | 9.43 | 970 Soh D 6.0] à | 1 6 1 | 4.61 blu 17 45-99) 41.95 43: on s06 pos we |. 1 el gt 5; ; ja :| 38. 26 8 : | | 7 7 3 = ; 96 43. 39.395 40. *53 255 ONE | 984 828 | 3 o | 3 2 IO 10 2 31 2.12 ver. | 47.33 49-98 46.34 47.88 .347 | 2.48 | | i | L OM | $4 ps Lue iD ain | 18 | 59 | 96 | 75| 35 | 365 30.97. [ 27 ] The preceding Table, as regards Temperature, and the Dew Point, is in terms of Fahrenheit's scale ; the following are reductions of the same to those of the Centigrade and Reaumur's Thermometers. CENTIGRADE THERMOMETER. Temperature. Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. 1841. : h , Terrestrial int In the Shade. Mean at ar In Sun’s Rays, Radaton. | Med. of Mean Dew Point at the three ! Sun and Mean Mean w degree of Noon. | Night. | Point, |Dryness. serva- Ob. = Night. | tions Min. | tìon. || Morn. Months.} Max. Min. Med. | Morn. | Noon. Max. Min. Max. 62 4.05|-1.03| 9.977) 13-93) “$055 6.66 -18.33 0.40]| 0.55) 2.86 0.87) 1.43) 0-33 Jan. .| 11.66—14.44| 1.25) O Feb. .| 13.33-10.00) 2.55| 2.02 4.66] 2.02| 2.90| 16.66] —2.77| 6.11/-13.33| 2.38| 1.52| 2.89, 1-78) 2.06) 0.83 March| 19.44| -2.77| 7-97| 6-37|12-63| 5.80] 8.27| 23.33] 5.55| 8-33] -5-55| 8.16] 6.25) 8.72 5.71 6.90) 1.37 April 24.44) —3-33 8 38 8 46 12.92 6.77 9.38 27.22| —3-33 10.95 -6. 9. OI 5.16 6.68; 6.68 6.84 2-54 27.77| 2.22| 14.49] 1§-41/19.55/11.81| 15.58] 35.55 16.66 15.00 0.00. 16.38/12.92| 12.94. 11.73| 12.55| 3-93 June.| 26.66| 2.22! 13.46| 14.75/18.46|11.18| 14.80| 35.00| 13.33| 11.66) —2.22| 14.94/12.18| 13.03) I1.09| 12.10| 2. July .| 26. 11| 5.55| 15.16] 16.04119.33|12.86| 16.09, 28.88| 18.33) 15 oo| 2.22| 16.01 14.05| 14.76, 12.86, 13.89) 2.20 Aug. | 27.22| 5.00| 16.93| 16.12/20.64|13.77| 16.85| 38.88, 21.11| 17.77, 2.22, 18.17 15.48| 16 81 15.70| 15.33| 1-51 Sept. | 28.88| 2.22| 15.21, 14.08/18.87|12.47| 15.14| 40.00| 18.33| 14.44 —9.55| 18.33/13.81| 16.28, 12.44 $4. 19] 9-23 Oct..| 17.77| —3.33| 9.92| 9.6411.23| 9.10| 9.98| 26.11| 8.88| 10.00 —5.55| 10.63| 9.30) 10.86, 9.08) 9.75| 9-79 - | Nov .| 17.22| -9. 5.88| 5.50| 8.79| 5.58| 6.62, 22.77| 3.88| 9.44-12.22, 9.81] 5$.09| 7.72, 5.51 6.12] 0.50 EID 12.77| -8.88| 4.21| 4.02| 6.50| 4.40| 4.97| 16.11| 2.22| 8.33-12.77 4.15| 3.80| 6.25] 4-10) 4-73| 0-23 | | | 5 Aver. 3 -2.91| 9.62 opui fe 8.06| 11.19) 26.98| 8.06 eee -6.06 10.71 S 9H 99". 7.96 vir Try Reaumur’s THERMOMETER. ‘Temperature. ||Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. 1841. : In Sun’s R Terrestrial : In the shade. Mean at nouns Rays. Radiation. Med. of Mean Dew Point at Mean the three Sun and Mean |degree Obser- ia- De f dry- Months. Max. | Min. | Med. | Morn. | Noon. | Night. | vations.| Max. | Min. Max. | Min. | tion. || Morn.| Noon. | Night. | Point.| ness. | Jan. .| 9.3311. I.O00| O. 2.92| 0.82| 1.42| 10.66| —4.44| 5.33/-14.66| 0.32| O.44| 2.29| 0-70) 1.14) 9-27 Ere. iom Ext 2.04 ro cs 1.61 : 14 13.33, —2.22| 4.88|.-10.66| 2.06| 1.16| 2.32| 1.42| 1.65 o.66 - [March.| 15.55| -2.22| 6.38| $.10| ro. 11| 4.64! 6.62| 18.66| 4.44| 6.66| -4.44 6.52|| 5.oo| 6.97] 4-56) 5.51| 1-09 April.| 19.55| —2.66| 6.70] 6.77| 10-33| 5-4!| 7.51| 21.77| 72.66, S.44| —5.33| 7:21] 5-72| 5:35| 5-34 5-47 2.03 .22| 1.77| 11.69| 12.33| 15-64| 9-44| 12.47, 28.44) 13.33, 12-00) O. 13.11|10-.33| 10-39, 9.38,10.03| 2-43 June.| 21.33| 1.77, 10.76) 11.80| 14.77, 8.94| 11.84] 28.00| 10.66) 9-33) -1.77| 11-95] 9-74, 10-42 8.87| 9.68| 2.15 July .| 20.88} 4.44| 12.12, 12.84| 15-46) 10.28) 12.87) 23. 11| I 12.00) 1.77| !2.80|11.24| 11.81| 10.29 11.11) 1-76 g. | 21.77 .O00| 13.55| 12.89| 16.52 11.01| 13.48| 31.11| 16.88| 14.22) 1.77) 14-5412-39| 13-44) 10-9512 26| 1.21 Sept. | 23.11] 1.88| 12.16| 11.26| 15.10| 10.22] 12.11| 32. 14.66] 11.55| —o. 14.67|11.04| 13-93) 9-95/11.34 0.76 Oct. .| 14.22] —2 7.94| 7.72, 8.99| 7.28| 7.98| 20.88| 7.11| 8.00) -4-44 8.51] 7-44 8.69) 7.26 | 0.19 Nov. | 13.77 —7.85| 4.71| 4-40| 7-04, 4.7!| 5-29) 18.22) 3.1!| 7-55| -9-77 7.84|| 4-07, 6.17| 4-41| 4.88) 0-40 | Dec. | 10.22| -7.11| 4.36) 3.21| 5:20 3.52| 3.98| 12.88| 1.77 6.66 -10.22 3.33] 3-09| 5:00] 3-27) 3.78| 9.19 | Aver.| 16.88| —2.33| 7.7o| 7.54| 10.49, 6.45| 8.16 21.56 6.44 T -4.84| 8.57] 6.80| 7.: 6.37 7.95 1.09 [ 29 ] II. On the Oxalis Deppei, and its Cultivation as a culinary plant. By Mr. RosrnT Tuompeson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. Read December 5, 1843. A x article on the Oxalis Deppei, by Professor Morren of Liége, having appeared in “the Gardeners Chronicle,” vol. I. p. 68., attention was directed to its cultivation in the Garden of the Society; the mode of culture recommended by Professor Monnrx being adopted in the first instance. The results of this, and of other modes subsequently tried, leave no doubt respecting the facility with which this real accession to the list of culinary vege- tables can be successfully cultivated, so as to furnish an abundant supply. It was necessary that this fact should be well ascertained, because another species of the same genus, Oxalis crenata, has not realized the expectations entertained respecting it. Oxalis Deppei was first introduced into this country from Mexico in 1827; and was named by Messrs. Loppiczs in their Botanical Cabinet, No. 1500. Subsequently M. LEJEUNE gave it the name of Oxalis zonata, * in order to express the black bands of the leaf;" and M. Henon published some information concerning it in the year 1838.* The uses of this Oxalis in Belgium are enumerated by Professor Morren. He states “that if cut longitudinally the root is found to have a firm transparent rind, the tissue of which resembles that of Salep; like it, it becomes white in drying, is transparent, and con- sists of cells enclosing a very nutritious substance. The young leaves are dressed like sorrel, in soup or as a vegetable ; they have * Notice sur l'Oxalide de Deppe. 8vo. Lyons, 1838. 30 On the Cultivation of the Oxalis Deppei, a fresh and agreeable acid, especially in spring. The flowers are excellent in salad, alone or mixed with corn salad, endive of both kinds, red cabbage, beet-root, and even with the petals of the Dahlia, which are delicious when thus employed. When served at table, the flowers with their pink corolla, green calyx, yellow stripes and little stamens produce a very pretty effect. The roots, after having been washed and slightly peeled, are gently boiled with salt and water. They are then eaten like asparagus in the Flemish fashion, with melted butter and the yolks of eggs. They are also served up like scorzonera and endive, with white sauce. They form, in whatever way they are dressed, a tender, succulent dish, easy to digest, and agreeing with the most delicate stomach. The analogy of the root with Salep indicates that its effects should be excellent upon all constitutions." The plant consists of a tapering, white, semi-transparent tap-root of tender substance ; furnished, chiefly at and near the lower extre- mity, with hair-like fibres, a few of which also proceed from the sides. The centre is generally more or less hollow, with the medullary substance adhering in variously fissured portions. The roots in this case are not however in other respects unsound. Sometimes, from rapid absorption, clefts are formed externally ; but this will probably be of rare occurrence under favourable cir- cumstances of soil and climate. : On the top of the crown, a mass of scaly bulbs appears; their scales are lined and fringed with orange-brown silky hairs. By means of these buds the plants can be easily and abundantly mul- tiplied. The leaf-stalks are from nine inches to a foot or more in length, supporting four inversely heart-shaped leaflets ; each having a dark-coloured band across its centre; these bands are somewhat curved, so that when the four leaflets are arranged in a flat equi- distant manner, a tolerably perfect dark circle is formed. The flowers are of a bright rose colour, and are supported on erect scapes above the leaves. 31 By Mr. Rosert Tuompson. I | | h ! | | N A W | f mes Roots and scaly bulbs of Oxalis Deppei, natural size. 32 On the Cultivation of the Oxalis Deppei, Professor Morren states that Oxalis Deppei “ will not thrive in loam, still less in calcareous earth ; that it always suffers in heavy land, and often will not produce its tap-roots ; but in a sandy soil, light, and mixed with decayed vegetable matter, the plant acquires a large size. The aspect in which it is grown is immaterial, although a southern exposure is to be preferred when not dry." He plants the bulbs on the 15th of April, when he no longer fears frost, an inch deep and five inches apart, in rows which are seven inches asunder. "Three or four are put into the same hole, taking care to arrange them in quincunx. The beds are kept clean and in the month of May are watered with liquid cow-dung. As has been already observed, the above mode was adopted in the Society's Garden; but it has been found that the plants do better when the bulbs are planted, singly, six inches apart, in rows a foot asunder. The soil in the Society’s Garden is not naturally well adapted for the growth of some tap-rooted vegetables; the carrot in parti- cular may be instanced as never producing very fine roots in the usual way of cultivation. This being the case, holes are sometimes made and filled with prepared soil for this crop, in order to encou- rage the tap-roots to extend downwards without subdivision. A similar plan was tried with the Oxalis, and found to answer better than where the whole bed was composed of prepared soil; and the expense was of course comparatively little.* The bulbs were planted about the middle of April, so shallow as to admit of their being just covered ; for thus they occupy a position with regard to the surface similar to that in which they are produced, and this seems indispensable if fine sorts are to be obtained. "They have been observed, indeed, to spring up from a considerable depth ; but in this case tap-roots were not formed. During summer the soil must be kept moist in dry weather; * The plant from which the accompanying figure was made was grown by this method. It would have doubtless been even finer had the summer been more congenial. By Mr. Rozert Tuompson. 33 otherwise, when rain falls abundantly, the sudden accession of water to the roots occasions their splitting. The plants should be allowed to grow as long as there is no danger from frost; but pre- viously to this occurring, they should either be taken up or pro- tected. If protected from frost, by frames, or otherwise, the roots will continue to increase in size till November. When taken up, the roots should be divested of the numerous bulbs formed on their crowns, and then stored up for use in a cool dry place, but secure from frost. A similar situation will be proper for the bulbs; or they may be kept in dry sand till the season of planting. Mr. Cocxsurn, Gardener to the Earl of MaxsriErp, at Caen Wood, Hampstead, grows this plant in perfection with no parti- cular preparation of soil; merely planting the bulbs in shallow drills, a foot apart, in borders dug and manured as for other kitchen-garden crops. He also plants it by the sides of walks in the woods, as an ornamental plant. We have in our gardens another Oxalis, apparently the O. Jac- quiniana, which also produces tap-roots like those of O. Deppei ; but they are much smaller, and inferior in quality. That species is readily known by its flowers being very small and of a pale lilac colour. VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. F ESD III. Experiments on the Inorganic Constituents of Plants. By Epwanp Sorrr, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. (Communicated by the Chemical Committee.*) Ix pursuing, under the direction of the Chemical Committee, my enquiries into the office performed by the inorganic constituents of Plants, several subjects of investigation naturally presented themselves; amongst which are the following questions. Are the quantity and nature of the inorganic matters which exist in plants certain and invariable, or do they fluctuate and vary accord- ing to circumstances ? If variable, what are the causes which influ- ence their absorption, and how may it be augmented or diminished ? and thirdly, what connexion is there between the formation of any peculiar organic substance and the absorption of particular inorganic matters from the soil ? Without pretending to attempt the solution of these questions, I shall proceed to describe briefly some of the experiments, which the consideration of them led to. In order to trace, if possible, the connexion between the growth of plants and the absorption of particular substances, or their pre- sence in the soil, several experiments were made on different plants, which were manured with various substances and subsequently examined, both mechanically, as to their size or increased develope- ment, and chemically, to ascertain what influence the manure had * The CHEMICAL COMMITTEE of the Society is supported by voluntary subscrip- tions among the Fellows of the Society. The following are the present Members of the Committee and the amount of their Subscriptions: His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, 507; E. Barnard, Esq. 1/.; Major Buckley, 1/.; Jos. Blunt, Esq. 17. 1s.; "Thomas Farmer, Esq., 5/.; Dr. Henderson, 1/.; Sir C. Lemon, Bart, 5/.; Dr. Lindley, 5l; Sir O. Mosley, Bart., 5; W. Murray, Esq., 27. ; W. Ogilby Esq., 12.; E. W. Pendarves, Esq., 27.5; W. H. Pepys, Esq., 2; John Rogers, Esq., 5/.; R. Horsman Solly, Esq., 5/.; Sir J. Sebright, Bart., 57. ; Samuel Solly, Esq., 5l.; E. Strutt, Esq., 2l. ; C. Webb, Esq., 3; J. Wedgwood, Esq., 17. 36 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, on the absorption of inorganic, and the formation of organic, matter. The first results obtained were wholly negative, principally from the fact that too small a quantity of the various manures employed, was taken; great inconvenience was also experienced in cane: quence of the very unequal nature of the soil of the gardens, which led to irregular and unexpected results. . Before describing any experiments, it will be proper to saya few words respecting the nature of the soil on which they were made. The soil of the Horticultural Gardens varies a good deal both in mechanical texture, and in chemical composition. The greater part of it may be termed loamy; but its exact nature of course differs considerably according to the treatment. it has received, the mode in which it has been worked, and the nature and quantity of manure which has been applied to it. Generally speaking, it is rich in organic matter, both animal and vegetable, and consequently like all soils of that description, contains a nota- ble quantity of Salts of Ammonia. From its uncertain nature it 1s far more difficult to define its chemical composition, than is the case with ordinary land; the following are average results, and may be taken as expressing pretty nearly the composition of the soil of the Gardens. A fair sample, freed from stones and well dried, being subjected to mechanical analysis, was found to consist of — stones Sand 640 3470 cei dd earthy matter 5190 organic matter 180 Finely divided ud soluble organic matter 520—10000 The sand and small stones were chiefly of a siliceous nature ; the chemical composition of the eS soil was rome j 78730 . Y » ig 5182 Oxide ‘of Iron j 3 > 8250 è $ 640 o . > . i 107 see sh and Soda : " ^ ` 47 Chl : : x è 4 Sulphuric Acid $ . E A. Phos — Acid . . . Organic matters 000:::160008 In expressing these rikatt as well as in all the following analyses, I have carefully avoided the use of fractions of any kind; in all the experiments described, the numbers given are By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 37 those which would have been obtained, had 10000 or 100000 parts of each substance been analysed. The composition of a substance can be expressed as well by whole numbers, as by deci- mals; whilst the use of the latter frequently leads to confusion. The first large experiment was on Savors. A square of young savoys was taken, the plants in which were as nearly as possible uniform in size, and growing under the same circumstances. They were manured with various saline and inorganic substances, applied as top dressings ; the quantity used increasing gradually from 100 to 2000 grains to each plant. The substances taken were, Nitrate of Potash, Alum, Nitrate of Soda, Muriate of Ammonia, Sulphur, Sulphate of Iron, Phosphate of Soda, and Sulphate of Magnesia ; a number of plants being left without any manure, for the sake of comparison. The effects produced by these various substances, on the appearance of the plants were much less than had been an- ticipated ; very slight differences could be observed and those differences which were apparent, were so irregular and uncertain, that it was hardly possible to say how much could fairly be attri- buted to the manures, and how much to local circumstances. A number of the plants were, however, examined chemically, but the result of their examination proved as irregular as the effect produced by the manures. The following table exhibits the proportion of water, organic matter, inorganic substances, and azotised matter which they contained. Young white leaves or heart of Savoy; Composition of 10000 parts, Inorg. matt, || Albumen in ác | Inor; Manure used. Wie] EE puse i 10909 gu E 10000 parts paien of Potash . 9152 776 72 849 14 " 9360 571 69 1093 36 Dite . 9563 389 48 1119 13 Nitrate of ‘Soda 9159 784 57 686 34 Muriate of Ammonia 9352 580 68 1057 26 Sulphur 9282 652 66 922 21 i . 93 627 68 985 27 é ^ 9246 689 65 871 23 "em of Iron . 93 630 63 913 16 Phosphate of Soda . 9492 pied Z un = Sulphate of i 9498 44 Í — 9260 | 660 1006 24 Di 9066 860 74 | 789 | 4 38 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Green or outer leaves of Savoy; as before. reae (inorcanic Inorg. matt. || Albumen in Manure used. Water. ba Die. pin ee parts | 10000 | parts Nitrate of Potash . 8666 977 157 1392 | 48 Alum : : 8902 155 1430 51 : A 8625 1077 298 2174 | 24 Nitrate of Soda . 8995 868 137 1371 | 58 Muriate of Ammonia 9272 602 116 1600 || 3! r i : 9038 OL 161 1674 52 itto d : 8679 1214 107 813 31 Ditto ; 8926 929 145 1356 24 Sulphate of Iron . 9137 742 121 1408 — Ditto : : 8915 953 132 1223 | 35 Phosphate of Soda . 9012 840 148 1502 | 42 Sulphate of Magnesia 9094 723 183 2027 | 34 ; i 9101 745 154 1619 54 Ditto : k 9038 828 134 1394 64 il It is evident that no definite conclusions can be drawn from this series of experiments. All the plants included in the foregoing tables were manured with 1800 or 2000 grains of the substance applied, but as these manures were merely spread on the surface of the soil, and were much protected from rain by the leaves of the young plants, a portion remained on the surface of the soil to the last ; this in part accounts for the very trifling effect produced. At the same time that these experiments were tried, some others were made with plants less able to bear large quantities of saline manures than savoys and most glaucous leaved plants are. A num- ber of plants of common broad leaved Tosacco were manured with Nitrate of Soda, the quantity employed increasing from 3oz. up to 2 lbs., to each plant. Tobacco was selected for experiment because it is one of those plants which most commonly contain salts of Nitrie acid; it was hence reasonable to expect that a top dressing of the Nitrate of Soda would produce a beneficial effect and also that a comparatively large quantity of that salt might be applied without fear of injury. Those plants which had received 4, 8, 12, and 16 oz. respectively of Nitrate of Soda were all rendered more vigorous in their growth and looked greener and far more flourishing than those not so manured ; their luxu- riance being nearly in proportion to the quantity of the salt they By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 99 had received : that to which 16 oz. had been applied being decidedly the best in the row. Beyond one pound no benefit appeared to be produced by increased doses of the Nitrate, and a plant which re- ceived 2 lbs. was evidently injured ; it soon began to look unhealthy ; the leaves became yellow and sickly, being covered with yellow and brown spots. The best plant, that which had received 1 lb. of the Nitrate, was then compared with another which had grown under precisely the same circumstances but had received no ma- nure at all; their relative composition was Inorganic in Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. 10000 pts. dry. Common Tobacco leaves 8440 1330 230 1474 Nitrated Tobacco leaves 8320 1420 260 1547 The proportion of azotised matter in the two plants was for each 10000 parts Fresh plant. Dry plant. Common Tobacco 134 858 Nitrated Tobacco 221 1315 In the examination of these plants a very remarkable fact was observed, which at first was supposed to be an error of observation, until it was confirmed by repetitions, and subsequent experiments. The plants of Tobacco which had received no manure contained a considerable quantity of Nitric acid ; those which had been ma- nured with Nitrate of Soda, however, contained no appreciable quantity. A corresponding experiment was made with Lerruces, another plant commonly found to contain Nitrates ; but the results obtained in this case were less marked, because the plants had all been pre- viously manured with rotten dung in the usual manner. Some of the plants were manured with the Nitrate, and others with the Carbonate of Soda; the latter were very nearly as healthy in ap- pearance, as those which had merely received dung; in fact there was very little visible effect produced by either salt. On examina- tion they were found to contain Inorganic in bre Organic matter. Inorganic matter. 10009 pts. dry, Rotten vi > da alone 562 88 : ed Ditto and Nitrate of Soda e uw 78 Ditto and Feral of Soda $005 81 Carbonate of Soda was ian, in order to compare the effect 40 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, produced by the Nitrate of Soda on the formation of azotised matter with that produced by the use of another salt of the same alkali, not containing nitrogen. The following was the result. Albumen fresh plant. Albumen dry plant. Rotten Dung 43 661 Ditto and Nitrate of Soda 46 750 Ditto and Carbonate of Soda 44 704 In the experiment with Tobacco just described, a considerable effect was produced by the Nitrate of Soda; a given quantity of leaves contained less water, and more organic and inorganic matter, than those which had not been manured with the nitrate; and it is evident that the nitrated plant had absorbed a larger quantity of inorganic matter, in proportion to its weight, than the other had, because on comparison it appears that the dry leaves of the former contained about a twentieth part more inorganic matter than the latter. In the case of the lettuces a very different effect was pro- duced. In this, the plants manured with Carbonate and Nitrate of Soda, grew more rapidly than those manured with Rotten Dung alone ; hence, they contained a larger proportion of water, and a smaller quantity of inorganic matter. This more vigorous growth was apparently not connected with any increased absorption of inorganic substances, because in both cases where the saline manure was applied, the dry plant contained nearly a twentieth less inor- ganic matter than that only manured with Dung. A fourth experiment was made on a far more extended scale, with Porators. A number of tubers of the Bread-fruit potato were planted, each in the centre of a square yard of ground, and manured with various saline and other manures. The tubers taken, were as nearly as possible alike; they were planted on the 28th of April, the various manures being applied at the time the tubers were set. The stems or haulm were gathered, and the tubers taken up in October. The tubers were planted eight inches below the surface of the ground, each being placed in the centre of a Square yard, the surface soil of which was removed to the depth of two inches; the manures were then spread, and the two inches of By Evwarp Sorry, Esg. 41 soil replaced ; the plants were subsequently earthed up in the ordinary manner. The nature of the manures applied, the quantity of produce obtained from each plant, and the composition of the tubers, &c. are as follows : — No. 1. Not manured at all, the produce was, large tubers 7 lbs. 3oz. small tubers 13 oz. total 8lbs. The dry straw or haulm weighed 3270 grains. "The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter, Inorganic matter. | Star : : : 1071 Fresh Tubers 7713 2173 114 Strchy £ fibre š . 652 Dry Tubers —— 9499 501 Album . Ad Dry Haulm —— 8872 1128 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. 771310000 No. 2. Manured with Rotten Dow at the rate of ae tons' per acre. The produce was, large tubers 11 Ibs. 20z., small tubers 60z., total 11lbs. 8oz. The dry haulm weighed 2158 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch : x i s 1071 Fresh Tubers 7708 2170 122 a fibre : . 572 Tubers 9368 532 Album "n Dry he — 8981 1019 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &e. 7106-10 No o. 3. Manured with Gypsum, at the rate ae 2 "e: 96 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 81bs., small tubers 4 oz., total 8lbs. 4 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1013 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch : $ 1 1079 Fresh Tubers 7722 2159 119 NO fibre 3 . 543 Dry Tubers — 9458 542 Album 112 Dry Haulm . —— 8609 1391 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty T &c. 544 Wat 7722—10000 No 4. Manured with Nitrate of Boda at the rate of 1 cwt. 48 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 8 lbs. 11 oz., small tubers 5 oz., total 9 lbs. The dry haulm weighed 1869 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. ic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch ; ; : 1212 Fresh Tubers 7732 2158 110 Starch -— à : 613 Dry Tuben ——~— 9512 488 Album H : e Dry Haum —— 8759 1241 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &e. . 7782-10000 No. 5. Manured with Salt Cake e (Sulphate of Soda) at the rate VOL III. 2ND. SERIES. 42 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, of 1 cwt. 48lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 13 lbs. 14 oz., small tubers llb. 2 oz. total 15 lbs. The dry haulm weighed 3301 grains. "The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. | Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch i 2 K 1215 Fresh Tubers 7734 2154 112 Starchy fibre . = 1 557 9505 495 Albumen x : x 97 Dry Haulm —— 8970 1030 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. 397 ater F ; : = 7734—-10000 No. 6. Manured with Epsom Salts (Sulphate of Magnesia) at the rate of lewt. 48lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 15 oz., small tubers 8 oz., total 10 lbs. 7 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2099 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. | Tubers. ater. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch " š - 1292 Fresh Tubers — 7877 2001 122 Star ein fibre : $ 589 ry Tubers oe 9425 575 Albu 104 Dry Haulm ——— 8924 1076 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, ke 129 7877—10000 No. 7. Manured with Nitrate of Soda at the rate of 2 cwt 96 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 6 lbs. 12 oz., small tubers 13 oz., total 7lbs. 9 oz. The dry haulm wagner 1652 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter, | Starch a : i 1232 Fresh Tubers 7720 2149 131 pni fibre Š : 591 — 9425 575 Album * F 119 Dry Haulm —— 8935 1065 B oce Resin, Fatty matter, &c. . 338 ter è " é 7720—10000 No. 8, Manured with Salt Cake at the rate of 2 cwt. 96 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 17 lbs. loz., small tubers none, total 17 lbs. 1 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2196 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter, | Starch : : . 3 Fresh Tubers 7770 2123 107 Starchy fibre 4 5 ubers — 9519 481 Albumen Dry Haulm — 8835 1165 eX Resin, Fatty matter &c. 321 Wat . 7770—10000 No. 9. Manured with Epsom Salts at the rate of : 2 cwt. 96 lbs. pa acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 5 oz., small tubers 7 Oz. total 9 lbs. 120z. The dry haulm weighed 2006 grains. The tubers and haulm contained By Epwarp Sorrr, Esq. 43 Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starc 3 ý . 1218 Fresh Tubers 7691 2191 118 Strchy f fibre . Dry Tubers — 9485 515 Album . » 109 Dry Haulm —— 8894 1106 Muse Resin, Fatty matter, &c. 330 ater í à s 7691—10000 No. 10. Manured with Sal Ammoniac (Muriate of Ammonia) at the rate of 1 ewt. 48 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 10 lbs. 130z., small tubers 8 oz., total 1llbs. 5 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2619 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch i à i - HJ Fresh Tubers 7970 1915 115 St cdd fibre i š Dry Tubers —— 9430 570 Albume 100 Dry Haulm ——— 8970 1030 Mucilage, pen Fatty matter, &e. Rte ERI Wat 7970—10000 No. 11. Manured with Green Vitriol (Sulphate of aes at the rate of 1 cwt. 48 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 7 lbs., small 13 oz., total 7 lbs. 130z. The dry haulm weighed 1367 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch s. x 1076 Fresh Tubers 7862 2025 113 pire fibre . ; Dry Tubers —— 9468 532 Album 111 Dry Haulm —— 8881 1119 Maigi Resin, Fatty matter, & &c. 267 ter 7862—10000 No. 12. Manured with a mixture of Mid of Soda and Salt Cake, containing equal parts of both, at the rate of 1 cwt. 48 lbs. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 7 oz., small tubers 6 oz., total 9 lbs. 130z. The dry haulm weighed 2073 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Star ; > 3 1125 Fresh Tubers 7745 2138 117 Eaa fibre . ‘ . 591 Dry Tubers — 9480 520 — dii á feli ‘ i à 71 Dry Haul Sai 57 1043 ucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. : T zi "oni Sif hc 7445—10000 No. 13. Manured with Nitrate of Soda and Salt Cake, mixed in equal quantities, at the rate of 2 cwt. 96 lbs. per acre. The pro- duce was, large tubers 8lbs. 140z., small tubers 5 oz., total 9 lbs. 30z. The dry haulm weighed 1675 grains. The tubers and haulm contained | 44 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic Matter. Inorganic matter. tar $ A 5 $ 1067 Fresh Tubers 7856 2023 121 Starchy fibre s : .. 668 —— 9435 565 Albumen à i : 110 Dry Haulm — 8992 1008 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. Water q856—10000 No. 14. Manured with putrid Urine at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 5 lbs. 6 oz., small tubers 3oz. total 5 lbs. 9 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1324 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers, ater. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch i 1193 Fresh Tubers 7842 2044 114 Starchy fibre : m0 5585 Dry Tubers. — —— 9470 530 : 107 Dry Haulm — 8943 1057 Modnen: Resin, Fatty matter, &c. . 203 Water . s . . 7842—10000 No. 15. Manured with putrid Urine, fixed with Sulphate of Iron, at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 8 lbs. 3 oz., small tubers 2 lbs. 2 oz., total 10 lbs. 5 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1995 grains. The tubers and haulm con- tained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch E à . 1302 Fresh Tubers 7630. 2263 107 Starchy fibre . . 572 Dry Tubers —— 9545 455 Albumen . . 85 Dry Haulm — 9026 974 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. . 411 Water $ : è 7630—10000 No. 16. Manured with Daniell's Bristol Manure (the old sort) at the rate of 20 bushels per acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 15 0z., small tubers 1 Ib., total 10 lbs. 15 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2619 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch : > ^ . 1155 Fresh Tubers 7755 2151 94 Starchy fibre : . 68 Des Tubes —— 9580 4 Albumen : ; : . 917 ryHaum —— 8912 1088 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. . 304 Water : . 7755—10000 No. 17. Manured with Daniell’s Bristol Manure (new sort) at the rate of 20 bushels per acre. The produce was, large tubers 11 lbs. 2 oz., small tubers 7 oz., total 11 Ibs. 9 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2515 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter, S Fresh Tubers 7725 2161 114 Sterchy fibre . "629 Dry Tubers 95 505 Albumen 107 Dry Haulm — 9030 970 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. . 383 Water è ^ ` 7725—10000 By EDWARD Sony, Esq. 45 No. 18. Manured with Guano at the rate of 16 cwt. 27 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 6 oz., small tubers 13 oz., total 10 lbs. 3 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1802 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Star 4 i $ 1175 Fresh Tubers 7878 2008 114 Sure fibre 4 é . 692 Dry Tubers ——— 9458 542 Album 95 Dry Haulm —— 8933 1067 Mucilage, Paeh Fatty matter, ke, (280 Wate . 7878—10000 No. 19. Manured with Bone Dust at the rate of 76 bushels per acre. The produce was, large tubers 10 lbs. 5 oz., small tubers 1 lb. 5 oz., total 11 lbs. 10 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2084 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter, | Starch . 2 & i Ded Fresh Dues ees 2225 114 pibe fibre à ; Dry Tuber 9510 490 Album 1 2 Dry etal — 8887 1113 Mucilage, m Fatty matter, &c. . : P6615: 0000 No. 20. Manored with Nightsoi at the rate of. 5 tons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 10 lbs. 14 oz., small tubers 5 oz., total 11 lbs. 3 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2456 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. Starch ` i y 1240 Fresh Tubers 7795 2089 116 sci d fibre ; ; è 598 Dry Tubers —— 9470 30 Ps DryHalm —— 8950 1050 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. è ino No. 21. Manured with N ightsoil E with Bleaching- powder (Chloride of Lime) at the rate of 5 tons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 7 lbs. 3 oz., small tubers 2 oz., total, 7 lbs. 5 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1152 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. | Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch ; : : 1305 Fresh Tubers 7834 2045 121 Marny fibre : . 652 — 9438 562 Album CIN Dry Haum — 8542 1458 Mucilage, Kai, Fatty matter, —_ 0: M Wat 7834—10000 No. 22. Manured with Nightsoil LEO with Bleaching- powder and Sulphuric Acid at the rate of 5 tons peracre. The produce was, large tubers 9 Ibs. 5 oz., small 15 oz., total, 10 lbs. 46 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, 4oz. The dry haulm weighed 1968 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. Starch ^ 1291 Fresh Tubers 7652 2232 116 prias fibre ; 581 Dry Tubers —— 9503 497 Album 100 Dry Haulm —— 8984 1016 rections Resin, Fatty matter, &e. 1659-10000 No. 23. Manured with Nightsoil disinfected widi Bleaching- powder and Sulphate of Iron at the rate of 5 tons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 7 lbs. 2 oz., small tubers 13 oz., total, 7 lbs. 15 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1412 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch ; 1046 Fresh tubers 7717 2166 117 Starchy fibre ; 4 . 607 ry Tubers — 9485 515 Albumen ; ^ è ae Dry Haulm —— 8874 1126 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. «5597 ter : : : 7717—10000 No. 24. Manured with Nightsoil disinfected with Sulphuric Acid, at the rate of 5 tons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 lbs. 14 oz., small tubers none, total 9 lbs, 14 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2029 grains. The tubers and haulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch "a 1187 Fresh Tubers 7630 2252 118 Starch fibre Š 5 - BUM Dry Tubers —— 9500 500 Albumen : 97 Dry Haulm —— 9020 980 Lim Resin, meo matter, &c. 630-1000 No. 25. Manured with Sulphur at the rate of 2 cwt. 78 lbs. per acre. The produce was, large tubers 9 Ibs. 1 oz., small tubers, none, total 9 lbs. 1 oz. The dry haulm weighed 2510 grains. The tubers and baulm contained Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. 'ater. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. | Starch : Fresh Tubers 7795 2116 99 Starchy f fibre RU i ‘ai 9550 450 kaw : : 2 Dry Haulm — 8797 1203 i Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, üt feo No. 26. Manured with the Refuse (US rue Water of the Gas Works, at the rate of 800 gallons peracre. The produce was, large tubers 5 lbs. 6 oz., small tubers 19 oz., total 6 lbs. 2 oz. By Epwanp» Sorry, Esq. The dry haulm weighed 1377 contained Tubers and Haulm. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. 2133 122 Fresh Tubers 7745 j| Dry Tubers — 9455 545 Dry Haulm 8854 1146 No. 27. dry haulm weighed 2029 grains. Tubers and Haulm. Water. Organic matter. 2029 Inorganic matter. 7860 1 Fresh Tubers Dry Haulm 47 grains. ‘The tubers and haulm Tubers. Stare 1130 cy £ fibre 620 i 117 Mucilage Resin, Fatty matter, ko |. 8 388 7745— 10000 Manured with Gas Water fixed with Sulphairie Acid, at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. tubers 8 lbs. 12 oz., small tubers 11 oz., total, 9 lbs. 7 oz. The produce was, large The The tubers and haulm contained Tubers. Starch i 1150 Starchy fibre 596 97 men n ^ a : Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. ». 5291 "Water 5 ji > : 7860—10000 No. 28. Manured with Gas Water fixed with Phosphoric Acid, at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. tubers 4 lbs. 13 oz., small tubers 8 oz., dry haulm weighed 965 grains. Tubers and Haulm. Water. Organic matter. 2031 Fresh Tubers 7858 Dry Haulm 1336 Inorganic matter. 1 The produce was, large total, 5 Ibs. 5 oz. ‘The The tubers and haulm contained Tubers. Starch . : . : 1172 Starchy fibre 617 men : : . 127 Mucilage, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. 226 ater * à : i 7858—10000 No. 99. Manured with Gas Water fixed with Muriatic Acid, at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. 8 lbs. 5 oz., small tubers 2 oz., total 8 lbs. 7 oz. The tubers and haulm contained weighed 1636 grains. Tubers and Haulm. Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. Fresh Tubers 7793 2093 114 Dry Tubers —— 9480 520 Dry Haulm —— 8943 1057 The produce was, large tubers 'The dry haulm Tubers. Star i 1107 Starchy 1 fibre . 620 bum . > 103 idre, Resin, Fatty matter, &c. 7 ater . è . . 377 7793—10000 No. 30. Manured with Ammoniacal Gas Water fixed with Nitric Acid, at the rate of 800 gallons per acre. The produce was, large tubers 5 lbs. 6 oz., small tubers 12 oz., total 6 lbs. 2 oz. The dry haulm weighed 1332 grains. The tubers and haulm contained 48 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Tubers and Haulm. Tubers. ter. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. Starch = > s 1152 Fresh Tubers 7725 2154 121 Fein fibre . . è 685 Mies 9465 535 105 Dry Haum —— 8799 1201 Mucilege, Resin, TUN matter, &c. 333 ater 7725— 10000 On comparing together the result of ms series of Experiments, it is evident that there are several discrepancies, which are probably occasioned by local peculiarities in the plants which formed the subject of experiment ; and that the trial was conducted on too small a scale. The analyses have therefore not been carried out to that degree of nicety which had been originally intended, as it was determined to repeat the experiment on a larger scale, and with a smaller number of simple saline manures. Several points, how- ever, of considerable interest, are learnt, even by this experiment, as to the relation which exists between the weight of the stems, the proportion of earthy matter which they contain, the weight of the tubers, and the proportions of their azotised and inorganic consti- tuents. In the following Table some of these results are exhibited, plants being arranged in the order of the weight of the stems. Inorganic hoe m Inorganic| Albumen Manure applied, bá s of matter in matter in in Haulm in |10000 pts., Tubers, 10000 pts.,|10000 pts., rer, Haulm. | Ounces Tubers. | Tubers. 28. Gas €— and Phosphoric acid : i 5 965 1336 85 520 127 3. Gypsu . $ è 1013 1391 132 542 112 21. Nightsoil os Bleaching powder : A 1152 1458 117 562 112 14. Putri . . n 1324 1057 89 530 107 30. Gas rds. «bd Nitric acid . ; : > 1332 1201 98 535 105 l1. £ ulphate orae ‘ . p : 1367 1119 125 532 111 26. Gas liquo 1377 1146 98 545 117 23. me "with Bleaching- powder ‘and Sulphate of i iron 1412 1126 127 515 93 29. Gas liquor and Muriatic ac 1636 1057 135 520 103 7. 1 oe of Soda (2.96)* - . d 1652 1065 121 575 119 13. Ni of soda and Salt cake (2. ut b E 1675 1008 147 565 110 18. n : 1802 1067 163 542 9 4. te of Soda ( . . 1869 1241 144 488 115 24. n Sulphuric acid 5 Š $ 1968 1016 164 497 100 15. Putrid urine ga Sulphate of i iron. eu a r: 1995 974 165 455 85 9. psom ts : $ 2006 1106 156 515 109 27. Gas liquor xe Sulphuric & cid 2029 1158 151 520 97 22. .] iehtsoil with Bleaching ode and Sulphuric acid 2029 980 158 500 97 12. Nitrate of soda and salt cake (1.48) 2073 1043 157 520 $0 19. Bon . è : 2084 1113 186 490 92 6. Epsom salts (1.48) ë 2099 1076 167 575 04 2. Rotten dung . . 2158 1019 184 532 102 5. Salt cake (1.48) . . 2196 1165 273 481 20. Nightsoil è 2456 1050 179 530 99 2 ulphur . : e 2510 1203 145 450 95 17. Daniell’s manure (new sort) i š 2515 70 185 505 107 10. Sal-ammoniac . . . . " . 2619 1030 181 570 100 16. — nons (old sort) . R . 2619 1088 175 420 97 . . . . . . 3270 1128 128 501 87 8. Salt c un (2. 96) . 3301 1030 240 495 97 These numbers supo the e quantity of the manure used, either 1 cwt. and 48 lbs., or double that quantity, viz, f cwt, and 96 lbs, per By Epwan» Sorry, Esq. 49 It must be borne in mind that these experiments were made on garden ground, the composition and nature of which is very variable and uncertain, and far too rich to enable positive deduc- tions to be formed of the relative value of the different substances employed as manure. The general inference furnished by the above table is, that those plants having the largest and most vigo- rous tops, produced the largest quantity of tubers; but that the tubers of these plants were the poorest in azotised matters. It is also worthy of remark, that those tubers which are richest in azotised matters, are also those which contain the greatest relative proportion of inorganic matter. Thus selecting from the fore- going table the three tubers richest, and the three ees in azotised matter, we have - Richest. Poorest. Albumen, Inorganic matter. Weight of Haulm. Albumen. Inorganic matter. Weight of Haulm. 127 520 965 8 481 2196 119 575 1652 85 455 1995 117 545 1377 87 501 3270 Mean. 121 546 1331 85 478 2487 The earthy ingredients of the haulm and tubers, were for the rea- son above adverted to, not examined in detail ; but a general analysis of the whole series was made, the results of which sufticiently show, that the nature of the earthy ingredients both of the haulm and ofthe tubers, but more particularly of the former, varied very greatly. The following tables exhibit the proximate composition of these inorganic matters, divided into Alkaline salts, earthy salts, and siliceous matter: the first head including Carbonate, Phos- phate, Sulphate, and Muriate of Potash and Soda; the second, soluble as well as insoluble Salts of Lime and Magnesia, together with Oxides of Iron and Manganese. Both tables are arranged in the order of the quantity of Alkaline matter which the substances contained. VOL. III. 2ND. SERIES. H On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Inorganic Constituents of Experimental Potato Haulm. Alkaline. | Earthy. | Siliceous. Š 4667 4079 1253 D Gar Bate and Muriatic acid tee 3697 4703 1597 5. Salt Cak e (1.4 8) . 3371 5233 394 Rot 2 Dui " 3221 510 1269 16. Daniel's manure (olà sort) . i 3124 5113 1763 10. Salam 3061 5602 1331 6. Epsom it “a 48) : 2900 5400 1700 9. Epsom salts (2.96) : 2789 | 5915 1306 17. Daniel's manure i. sort) 2473 6087 1438 12. Nitrate of Soda and Salt TrA a A8) 2320 5836 844 . Salt cake (2.96) 2263 | 5517 | 2220 20. Night soil : è . 2243 6142 1615 19. on ^ : ‘ . ; 2223 5573 2181 18. . e 2203 6207 1590 Ih Sciphste of Tro 2121 6027 1851 7. Nitrate of Soda | (2.96) 2098 5865 2037 13. Nitrate of Soda and Salt cake (2.96) 1953 6316 1731 Nitrate of Soda (1.48) : : 1886 6143 1971 24. Night soil and Sulphuric acid : " 1712 6652 1636 3. Hg 1694 5609 2695 27. liquor a and Sulphuric acid 1419 6699 1882 22. Night soil with Denching epo and Sulphuric a acid 1327 6852 1821 25. Sul ape 138 5785 3177 14, Put 1064 5100 3836 21. Night soil d bleaching powder 964 4957 4078 23. Night soil with bl wipe: powder and Sulphate ofi iron 954 6628 2418 30. Gas liqu vl and Nitr : 814 5212 3974 15. Putrid urine and Sulphate of iron . x: 568 7255 2177 26. Gas liquor : 4 : 521 7008 2471 28, Gas liquor and Phosphoric acid . " 315 7121 2564 Inorganic Constituents of Experimental Potato Tubers. Alkaline. | Earthy. | Siliceous. 24. Night soil and Sulphuric acid : 8927 997 76 19 ne dust s; ši : 8915 1041 EE 3. Gypsum * ‘ i : 8874 1068 58 18. Guan - ‘ : ; 8866 1076 58 25. Sulph : 8865 1028 107 n Nitrate o ‘of Soda ( 1 2 8840 1094 66 8790 1191 19 . Salt cake m 8) 8753 | 1167 80 i Nitrate of ioe and Salt cake (2. 98) ‘ 8739 1168 92 - Salt cake (2.96) 87 1172 95 a Night soil with bleaching powder and Sulphuric acid 8722 1237 41 23. Night soil with bleaching ce and — ofiron| 8711 1202 87 12, Nitrate of de and nd Salt cake (1.48) 8686 1239 75 9: 2 dn 96) m gms 8670 1242 88 and Phosphoric aci . 8668 1292 40 * Nitrate of Soda (2.96) — : 8666 | 1245 87 - Gas liquor and Sulphuric acid i 8651 1268 81 " Gas ex and Nitric acid ; i i 8592 1336 72 "d Pme miu . . è : 8575 1354 71 2 Gas aa liquor : . « ‘ . 8557 1227 216 . : . |. 8484 448 68 . 8475 1408 1 S: Night so and bleaching powder ; 834 1625 a4 4. urine . 6. Epod (1.4 ` 82 e 4 - Daniell’s manure (old sort) i 8211 1691 8 17. Daniell’s manure (new so rt) * * : 806. 1803 134 T Gas liquor and Muriatic Acid 3 8037 1907 6 Putrid urine and Sulphate of Iron s 1293 2559 148 By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 51 It is almost impossible to draw certain conclusions from these results, in consequence of the small scale on which the experiment was made, it is however worthy of remark that generally speaking, those stems which contained the greatest quantity of inorganic matter, contained relatively a larger proportion of alkaline salts, than those stems in which a less quantity of inorganic matter was found. Particular attention was paid, during the examination of these plants, to the existence of Nitric Acid in them ; none of the tubers were found to contain any; some of the stems did, whilst the greater number did not contain any Nitrie Acid, the following table shews these differences :— Stems which contained Nitric Acid. Stems which contained no Nitric Acid. 1. Manured with €— 3. Manured with Gypsum. 2. do. Rotten Dung. 8. do. Salt Cake. (2. 96.) 4 do. Nitrate of Soda. (1.48.) 9. do. Epsom Salts. (2. 96.) 5. do. Salt Cake. (1. 48.) 1L do. Sulphate of Iron. 6. do. Epsom Salts. (1.48.) 13. do. Nitrate of Soda and Salt Cake. T do. Nitrate of Soda. (2. 96.) . 96. 10. do. al A niac 15. do. Putrid Urine and Sulphate of Iron. 12. do. Nitrate of Soda and Salt Cake. 16. do. Daniel's Manure (old sort). 1.48.) 17. do. Daniell’s Manure (new sort). 14. do. Putrid Urine. 18. do. Guano. 27. do. Gas Liquor and oe Acid. 19. do. Bone Dust 29. do. Gas Liquor and Muriatic Acid. 20. do. Night Soil 80. do. Gas Liquor and Nitric ‘aie: 21; do. Night Soil and Bleaching Poder ; : 22. do. Night Soil with — Powder and Sulphuric 23. do. Night Soil with Bleaching Powder and Sulphate 24. do. Night Soil with ulphiirie Acid. 25. do 26. do. Gas Liquor. 28. do. Gas Liquor and Phosphoric Acid. The fact that some ofthese plants contained salts of Nitric Acid, whilst others did not, is very remarkable, and of especial interest in connexion with the action of the Nitrates as manure. Professor Liebig says, in his * Chemistry in its applications to Agriculture," etc. (3rd edit. p. 233.) “ The presence of a Nitrate in plants per- mits only one conclusion — thatthe nitrogen of Nitrie Acid is not employed in their organism for the formation of compounds con- taining that element, because, if it were, at a certain period of the life of the plant, it would disappear on account of this conversion." The existence of Nitrates in a plant cannot, asit appears to me, be 52 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, considered as any evidence that the Nitrate does not supply Nitro- gen tothe plant. It might in the same way be argued, that Ammo- nia does not supply nitrogen to plants, because it is very constantly found in them. With regard to the disappearance of the Nitric Acid ata certain period of the life of the plant, it is desirable to have experimental evidence ; I have found in several cases that the pro- portion of Nitrie Acid in plants was great when they were young and gradually diminished as they grew older. I have already adverted to the curious fact that when plants were manured with Nitrates they grew very vigorously, but were not found on exami- nation to contain any Nitric Acid; in the experiments on potatoes just described, it appears, that those manured with Salt Cake and Nitrate of Soda (No. 13), contained no Nitric acid, whilst those manured with Salt Cake alone (No. 5), did contain Nitrates. Inthe course of an extensive series of experiments on plants, presently to be described, Nitric acid was found in the following :— Potato — tubers, stems, leaves. Clary, Salvia Sclarea — stalks. Yellow Stem Beet — leaves, stems and roots. Green Sage — leaves. Bassano Beet — root. Chenopodium Bonus Henricus or English Mercury — Whyte's Dark Red Beet — root. talks Chappel's Brocoli — stems. Victoria Brocoli — stems. Spinach, Flanders, Lettuce-leaved and Summer— leaves and stalks, Zhaumontel Pear — young and small unripe fruit. joram — whole plant. ( I £ Borage — leaves and stalks. ] ( f Fennel x 4ettuce — whole p ustard — whole plants Jarrots — whole plants Shallots . olomon's Seal — roots obacco — whole plants. Mangel Wurzel — roots, leaves and leaf-stalks. savory, Summer — whole plants. scarlet Runners—unripe pods. jrussels Sprouts — whole plants. 'omato — leaves and stems. ] Rhubarb, Rheum crispum — bud scales. E Chervil, Scandix odorata — leaf-stalks. f Turnips — roots and leaves I ishes — roots and leaves, 1 Cucumber — fruit. As considerable facilities are afforded for experiments on the absorption of earthy matters, by PARASITICAL plants and Epiphytes several experiments were made with these curious plants. Setting out with the known fact, that all plants contain certain inorganic matters, it became interesting to enquire whence those plants which grow on or derive their nourishment from other plants, obtain their earthy matters. It follows, that if parasites derive the earthy matters necessary to their growth, from the plants on which By Epwarp Sonrr, Esq. 53 they feed, that the growth of the former, must, to some extent, be dependent on the quantity of inorganic matter contained by the latter. This conclusion, if born out by experiment, would lead to a subject of considerable practical interest, namely, the influence which the earthy matters in wood may have on the growth of fungi, and decay of timber. The Mistletoe (Viscum album) derives a large proportion of earthy matters from the trees on which it grows. On examining a plant, I found in the leaves 820, in the branches 462, and on the stem 282 parts of inorganic matter; whilst the apple tree on which it grew contained only 233 parts, in 10000 parts of the dry plants. On examining other parasitic plants and fungi, it was found that in all cases they contained a large proportion of earthy matters, and very commonly far more than the plants on which they grew. Whether the whole of these inorganic substances was derived from the trees on which they grew is questionable, it is by no means impossible that some of it may have been derived from the air. Several fungi contain it is well known a notable quantity of copper, I have in particular found it in the large brown Boletus which grows upon Elm Trees, but I was unable to detect any in the wood or bark of the tree on which it grew. The inorganic constituents of EerPuvrEs were next examined. As many of these curious plants, which grow on the stems and branches of trees, derive nourishment chiefly from the air, and seem to flourish equally well, whether their roots enter the soil, or hang freely in the air; it was interesting to ascertain what proportion of earthy matters they contained, and whether it varied under diffe- rent circumstances. It appeared probable that the quantity of in- organie matter which they contained would be smaller, than that in most plants, and that the quantity present in those which grew only in air would be less than in those whose roots entered the soil. It was found however that the leaves of Orchidaceous plants contain 54 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, about as much inorganic matter as those of cabbages and other similar plants and that there was but a trifling difference evident, whether the plants had their roots in the soil, or in the air. The proportion of earthy matter in a plant of Catasetum grown in soil and a plant of Bletia, grown wholly suspended in the air, were Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter. Inorganic in 10000 parts dry. Catasetum bulbs 8669 1269 465 Bletia bulbs 8309 1609 82 488 Catasetum leaves 8055 1791 154 794 Bletia leaves 8200 1658 142 793 Though the whole quantity of earthy matter present in the plant, as shewn by the proportion contained in the dry leaves and bulbs was nearly similar, very considerable difference was found in the nature of these substances ; a proximate analysis gave Catasetum bulbs. ^ Bletia bulbs, Alkaline Salts 3152 3792 rthy Phosphates 183 222 Carbonate of Lime 4281 2850 arbonate of Magnesia 1315 579 E Siliceous matter 428 2596 10000 10000 The examination of good and bad Trwszm, with a view to trace out any connection between its qualities and the inorganic sub- stances it contains, is a subject requiring many experiments, and necessarily occupying a very long time. The following experi- ments, however, are complete in themselves, and possess consider- able interest in connection with the present subject. In following out the general scheme of inquiry, a large collection of samples of wood from different localities, grown in various situations, and under various conditions has been made; amongst these, was a series of specimens of oak wood, for which I am indebted to Sir William Symonds, and which, in addition to their being from different parts of the world, were all of known quality, each sample being marked with a note of its quality deduced from actual expe- rience. Itis to be regretted that the majority of them were bad or inferior, even those from localities whence the very best wood is usually imported, hence, of course, they cannot be regarded as By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. 55 average samples but rather as exceptions. The proportion of earthy matter which they contained, together with their locality, and relative goodness, is contained in the following Table. Oak Wood from Quality. — Water. — A e 0000 America (white) . bad : i 9188 713 39 42 pio (live oak) good . .| 9306 621 73 78 o ditto ** Gibraltar" good ; ; 8615 1111 274 308 tolerable : 8909 1026 65 73 : bad . 8845 1132 23 27 Circassian : indiffer ent 9125 841 34 37 anzig . : — for plank 8939 1037 24 27 od -— ot Bb vario 8888 1097 15 18 East Prussia indifferent ; 9143 832 25 28 Fren a A be d . š 8892 1092 16 19 ai (Tuscany) À bad : 9234 722 44 52 Hain . | bad : . 8728 1258 14 16 . bad : x 9011 923 66 73 Poland : : indifferent . .|. 9059 924 17 18 Podolia : . | bad ; : 8950 1019 31 35 Russia : bad . i 9013 10 11 Styria. : indifferent and light | 8985 997 18 20 Sardinia good : : 8969 1003 28 32 Tuscany ; . |good . . 8899 917 184 202 Ischia ; $ good for plank . 9025 957 18 20 The larger proportion of earthy matters in the oak of southern countries is remarkable, as contrasted with the smaller quantity found in English oak, and the oak of northern countries generally. Still from this table no general conclusion can be drawn as to the relation between the inorganic substances and the quality of the wood. To the kindness of Sir W. Symonds, I am also indebted for samples of English oak and Danzig fir in the first stages of dry rot. In both of these, the proportion of inorganic matter is very large ; the result of the examination of these samples, together with that of two good samples of sound Memel and Danzig fir, is given in the following Table. Organic matter. Water. Inorganic matter. Inorganic in 10000 parts dry. Oak Timber beginning to decay 6738 3230 32 47 Oak PI Plank ditto ^ ditto 7273 2682 35 49 Fir Timber ditto ditto 6046 3756 198 318 Fir Timber, Memel, sound 8778 1201 21 24 : Fir Timber, Danzig, sound 9084 839 17 19 Generally speaking the young parts of plants contain far more IxonGANic MATTER than the older parts; after a certain time, and particularly when woody fibre is formed, the organic part of the 56 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, plant continues to increase far more rapidly than the inorganic matters do: hence the real proportion of the latter appears to de- crease. In the experiment however, on Savoys, first described, it would seem that the young leaves contained in reality less earthy matter, than the older leaves ; and that in them the proportion of inorganic to organic matter, was smaller than in the older leaves. On comparison it was found that a very marked difference existed in the composition of these inorganic matters ; a proximate analysis gave Young leaves. Old leaves. Alkaline salts : j k ; 5191 3497 Earthy Phosphates and Oxide of Iron : 3446 1986 Carbonate of Lime d ; : : 712 2665 Carbonate of Magnesia ; . i 151 815 Siliceous matter A à i . ; 500 in 10000. 1037in 10000. The young leaves of the Savoy are so completely protected from air and light that they can hardly be well compared with the young leaves of ordinary plants, which as soon as they emerge from the bud are to a greater or less degree exposed to the light. In order to ascertain what influence rrGuT has on the absorption of inorganie matters, a number of hyacinths were grown, some in light and some in darkness; the following were the results. The bulbs selected were as nearly as possible similar in size and weight; half were planted in dark and half in light, some in water only, others in rich artificial soil, and the rest in sand. Four of the roots being dried thoroughly and burnt, their composition was found to be very nearly uniform ; they consisted of 6435 water, 3442 organic matter, and 123 parts of inorganic matter. After growing and flowering the plants were examined ; in some instances those grown in the dark contained the greatest proportion of inorganic matters, whilst in other cases they were found to contain less, than those grown in light. The average of the whole series was Organic Plants grown in water; light + 9231 769 k e ` 9252 748 Plants grown in sand ; light . 8837 1163 8872 1128 Plants grown in soil; light . ^. 8948 dark By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. 57 The differences in the quantity of inorganic matter between those grown in light, and those grown in darkness, were comparatively small; it is evident however that there was no great deficiency of inorganic matter in the plants which grew in the dark; and this was the result arrived at from numerous experiments on other plants. In many cases it was found that the plants which grew in the dark, contained the greatest quantity of inorganic matter ; but this was not always the case; and the general conclusion ap- peared to be that light does not exert any decided influence on the absorption of these substances. In the experiment on Hya- cinths just described, some remarkable effects were observed, which though not altogether new, are worthy of record. The plants which grew in the dark were much the largest and much the most succulent, the leaves and stems were perfectly white, but the flowers were in all cases quite as brilliant in colour as those which grew in light; they were however nearly devoid of scent. The colour of those which grew in the dark appeared to be more permanent than the others, for, on drying, they retained their colour perfectly; whilst those which grew in light, faded, and soon be- came dingy. A number of experiments were also made to determine what influence the SALTS OF AMMONIA HAD ON THE ABSORPTION OF EARTHY MATTERS, and their result was more definite; it ap- peared that salts of Ammonia almost always caused an increased absorption of inorganic substances, and more especially influenced the absorption of Potash from the soil, and the formation of Nitre. It had been anticipated from previous experiments, that salts of Ammonia would, by causing plants to grow more vigorously, enable them to take more potash &c. from the soil, so that the whole quantity of inorganic matter which each plant contained, would be inggased, but that the relation which existed between it, and the organic matter would be unaltered. The result of a number of VOL. III. 2ND. SERIES. I 58 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, experiments however shewed, that the proportion of inorganic to organic matter, was increased in a greater proportion by salts of Ammonia than by salts of the fixed Alkalies. The following are a few examples of their effects. Perfectly similar plants of broad leaved summer Spinach were manured, some with Sulphate of Ammonia, and others with Nitrate of Potash ; the salts being applied in tolerably large quantity, as a top dressing. Both manures produced a remarkable effect, in- creasing the size of the leaves very greatly, and causing the plants to grow with the utmost vigour. On examination they were found to consist of Organic Inorganic Inorganic matter in Water. matter. matter. 10000 pts. dry. Manured with Sulphate of Ammonia leaves , 9229 589 182 ! 2370 o. o. o. stems . . 9601 288 Bie 2791 Manured with Nitrate of Potash leaves . 9098 717 185 | 2057 Do. do. do, ems << . 9586 310 104 | 2516 By the last column it appears, that a considerably larger quantity of inorganic matter was taken up, by the plants manured with sul- phate of Ammonia, than by those treated with Nitrate of Potash ; the former also were the most succulent, but in size and appear- ance when growing, there was no perceptible difference. A similar experiment was made with Shallots. The colour of the plants was much darkened, and their size was increased, but not to the same extent as with the Spinach. The Shallots con- tained Organic Inorganic Inorganic matter in Water, matter. matter. 10000 pts. dry. Manured with Sulphate of Ammonia : 8686 1221 93 717 Manured with Nitrate of Soda 8455 1450 95 | | 619 A third experiment on Tobacco also gave a similar result; in this case Phosphate of Ammonia was compared with Nitrate of Potash. The plants were examined after flowering, and were much older than those described in a previous experiment, (p. 39.) The composition of the leaves and stalks was Organic Inorganic Ino i tter in Water matter. matter. : I8 Dix. dry- Manured with Phosphate of Ammonia leaves 8315 1340 345 | 2047 Manored with Nitrate fP Mice vem sar ieee d I et ) i of Po eaves 8370 | Do. d. do. 1300 330 | 2006 By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 59 In order to facilitate subsequent experiments, and to supply data for any calculations, which might be required, it appears desirable to ascertain by careful experiments, the EXACT QUANTITY OF INOR- GANIC matter taken up from the soil by the more ordinary plants when growing in full vigour. Accordingly, a series of the most im- portant vegetables, herbs, and fruits, in the Gardens of the Society, has been submitted to this kind of investigation, and a portion of the results is embodied in the following Table; which shews the proportion of water, organic and inorganic matter contained in the various plants examined, together with the proportion which the inorganic bore to the organic part of the dry plant. The plants were all carefully selected, none but clean healthy specimens being taken; they were dried in a stove at a temperature of about 200° Fahr. ; and were considered dry when several hours exposure to that temperature occasioned no further reduction in weight. The dry plants were burnt to coal on porcelain, or polished iron plates heated by gas lamps, and the coals incinerated at the lowest pos- sible temperature in platinum basins. i Inorganic!| Inorganic Meter pai ena matter, in Dry eris F l. Artichoke, eder : x heads 8598 1309 2. ; . leaves 8944 943 113 1073 3. D erusalem . tubers large 7852 2028 120 4. —— : 1566 2298 136 562 5. Asparagus, esi : i large 9210 735 55 705 6. $ middling | 9239 708 53 700 7. sma 9132 802 66 761 8. Beans, French, forc pods 9317 619 64 945 9. Haricot, bre T Belge . pods 9223 721 60 10. Scarlet-runne pods 9451 483 66 1213 H. —— Br oad Windsor ; plants in blossom | 8998 891 111 1 12, — —— Do. ithout shells 8560 1363 11 538 13. ——— Do shells alone 9042 889 69 725 14. Kidne ves 8781 854 365 2995 15 rly Mazagan plants 9110 767 123 1390 16. Beet, Bassano ts 8730 1151 111 7 17 Do. i i leaves 8700 1109 e pos 18. Cas i roots 8501 1390 1 19. —— € rf " i leaves 8877 967 oe pies 20. —— White su s . roots 8690 1198 1 : 21. —— Do. es gi : ; leaves 8905 849 146 1335 22. — — Whyte’s Dark red z roots 8962 909 129 . 1243 23. —— Red-stalked Leaf ; roots 8258 1628 114 657 24, —— Do. * $ leaves 8799 1012 189 1578 25. —— Yellow-stalked Leaf > roots 8269 1605 725 26. —— Do. : ; . . leaves 8782 1081 137 1125 27. —— White-stalked Leaf ; roots 7994 1891 115 81 28. —— Do. i ; `: leaves 8785 1039 176 1454 60 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Inorganic matter in Dry Plant. Water, | Organte [Inorganic 29. Brocoli, Chappel’s : . heads 9070 854 76 30. ——— Do. , : i leaves 8889 | 1024 31. Do. : i stalks 8055 1806 139 32 Knight's Protecting . heads 8768 1136 96 43. Do. ; : leaves 8770 1140 34, j * stalks 8314 1555 131 35. exui 7 i heads 9004 908 88 36. * : leaves 8800 1090 110 37, —— stalks 8541 1306 153 38. Cabbage, CERE bed young . leaves 8693 1139 168 39. — — — Do. ung . stems 8068 1744 188 40. Do. ist — plant 9326 41. Do. full gro . plant 9317 618 65 42 Red pla 8910 43, Do. flowers and flower stalks 8770 1108 122 44. Carrot, young : roo 8972 951 7 Do. A leaves 8829 963 208 46. ——— Early horn A roo 8800 1100 100 47 : leaves 8568 1165 267 48, —— large ; : roots 8727 1273 114 rs Cauliflower, large Asiatic : heads 9243 680 . — Do. P leaves 8929 953 118 51. Celery, Red : i; stems 9280 597 123 52. — — Do. : = leaves 8109 1545 346 53. —— White i ‘ stems 9387 488 125 54, ———— 3 leaves 8645 1107 248 55, White blanched : stems 9285 630 85 56. > H leaves 8651 1114 235 57. Cie smal s fruit 9589 58. -———— Weedon’ s large i fruit» 9715 231 48 59. Gur fruit 9574 378 AS 60. Endive Green 3 Š plant 9292 619 91 61. ——— blanched à . . plant 9402 526 72 62. Garlic e s à bulbs 09 1338 153 ; : " ‘ z en 8714 1127 159 b a é uit 9376 9 ( , Kohlrabi, large : roots 8898 1041 61 66 ^ small i : roots 8646 1240 114 i . Kail, Scotch leaves 8682 1173 145 y 5 bens 8058 1807 135 LI * *. 2 ). Lettuce, Malta 5 ire D He ; : fl. wedish leaves 9558 351 91 12. White Paris Cos lea 950 All 84 E Green Paris Cos leaves 9550 373 77 É Leek, Londo: bulbs 8 1277 112 i. : "i . . leaves 9044 861 95 j. Onions, Spring ; . whole plants 9381 529 90 — — Autumn i ; : uvm 8586 1352 62 è " $ i a eaves 22 ). Oxalis Jacquiniana * tub e n: Lis ) ————— * leaves 8852 51 197 i : : roots 7929 1947 124 E Potato, Bread Fruit š plants 8915 á 198 . . young tubers 785 2102 113 L —— Do. : ; old tubers 7713 2173 114 > : — —— Chapman’s + apples 9054 oo young tubers 7238 2562 107 j Purple Kidney young tubers 7628 2266 106 E — Early Manly young tubers 1 1773 92 bi ypa be Finger young tubers 7838 2073 . * sot "bass Pea, Knights 8 Tall Marrow Ss shelled n | eu "62 )2. Knight's — € A shelled 8386 1541 73 93. —— Au 3 shelled 1692 94. —— Blue Prussi ; an ` shelled 7073 2837 90 96; —— Early Chariton 8210 1721 69 shells 8076 1856 86 By Epwarp Sotty, Esq. 97. Rhubarb, Rheum crispum i leaves 98, — ——— Do. $ leaf stalks 99. ———— Do. > buds 100. ————— R. Tataricum ` leav 101. — Do. : leaf stalks 102, —— —— Do. $ ; flowers 103. ————— R. rubrum ; i leaves 104. ————— Do. s : leaf stalks 105. ———— —— R. undulatum i leaves 106. — ——— Do. A : leaf stalks 107. —— —— R. undulatum var. leaves 108, ———— — Do. : leaf stalks 109, — —— — R. hybridum leaves 110, ——— — Do. k leaf stalks 111. —— —— Do. E buds 112. R. compactum 118. — ——— Do. 3 leaf stalks 114, — —— — Myatt’s Victoria leaves 115. ——— — Do. i B ion 116. ————— R. Emodi - 117. — —— —— Do. T leaf satis 118. Radishes z roots 119. ————— Turnip red . roots 120, —— —— Do. i 4 leaves 121. ———— Turnip white: roots 122. ————— s. F leaves 123. Salsafy " roots 124. 1 i leaves 125. Sea kale . young plants 126, ——— blanched . young plants 137. Do. i we 128. Spinach, Flanders leaves 129. — ——— Le dee leaved leaves 130. — Rou eaved ‘ Š eaves 131. Savoy : s . young leaves 132: š : ; old leaves 133. Shallot, young bulbs 134. o. . leaves 135. Turnips, White Globe roots 136. — — — Do. ^ à oots 137. ———— nr Dutch, small . roots 138. leaves 139 Early Dutch, large roots 140, —— —— leaves 14]. Tomato, large red ; plant HE net TRE : fruit 143. Burnet t " . sprigs 144. Borage y i . plant 145. Balm à ; ‘ plant 146. Costmary E š : leaves 147. Chervil * » ` leaves 148, stalks 149, á A É flowers 150. Carraway è . " leaves ISl. a =, i : talks 152, —— — flowers 153, Chicory, (Cichorium Intybus) | leav 154. roots 155. Clary, (Salvia Sclarea) : M leaves 156. o. A stalks 157. Chenopodium Bonus Henricus leaves 158. Do. ; stalks 159. Do. flowers 160. Elder ; a a owers mx Fennel ; ; young leaves LI L . old leaves stalks Organic | In i Mini Serer, | aac. | ites ae 8800 1078 122 1023 9452 487 61 1119 9418 511 71 1232 8926 939 135 1263 9410 512 78 1322 8726 1190 84 661 8856 1016 128 1127 9343 586 71 1086 8866 1012 112 987 9334 599 67 1014 9055 830 115 1223 9465 465 70 1311 8637 1232 131 963 9365 567 68 1079 9116 808 76 862 8866 1007 127 1125 9325 378 97 1441 8610 1234 156 1123 9446 492 62 1125 8696 1142 162 1248 9318 580 102 1028 9539 380 81 1764 9459 466 75 1385 9233 565 202 644 9484 438 78 1527 9249 594 157 2091 8377 1523 100 617 8767 1119 114 929 8991 919 90 898 9238 705 51 741 9004 848 112 1175 8926 863 211 1966 8638 1060 302 2219 9242 611 147 1939 9260 660 80 1006 9101 745 154 1619 9091 719 130 1438 9185 687 128 1573 9369 525 79 1307 9308 588 104 1513 9209 706 85 1079 9062 742 169 2091 9173 743 84 1018 904 907 151 1580 9038 762 200 2087 9592 343 65 1590 8585 1281 134 948 9110 737 153 1721 8582 1228 190 1425 8852 943 195 1701 8092 1650 256 1353 9260 563 177 2393 8280 1524 196 1142 443 1309 248 1596 8700 1180 120 923 200 1650 150 833 9105 747 148 1658 7776 | 2137 87 393 8736 1101 163 1296 9118 759 123 1402 8772 1057 171 1395 963 840 130 1340 8333 | 1501 166 Med 847 1388 134 881 8761 | 1048 191 1547 842 1348 227 1441 9220 616 164 2102 61 62 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, 164. Horseradish ^ : * leaves 165. ———— F : ; roots 166. Lovage í : . leaves 167. : ; stalks 168. Lavender $ T lant 169. — —— on 170. Mustard , young plants 171. Marsh Mallow lan 172. Marjoram ` plant 173. ——— hende $ plant 174. Parsley, ; leaves 175. Patience ped Patientia) 2 leaves 176. ; f stalk: 177. Peppermint ; : plant 178, ————— s $ ; leaves 79. Rosemary ; ; : plant 80. Rue . : plant 81. Sorrel leaves 182, ——— i = ; flowe 183. ——— French leav 184. Southernwood leaves 85. — E : stalks 86. Sage, purple ^ leaves 187. —— Do. í « stalks 188. green : leaves 189. Do. . : stalks 190. Spearmint . ‘ è plant 191. Savory, open . . plant 92. —— — Winter : ; plant 193. Solomon’s Seal . . oots 194. Thyme i E 195. Tansy, cu 196. To reis bs leaved Virginian d plants 197, das ress . . 198. avei, Common ; Lr 19 ————--— Roman . á plant 200^ Apple è . blossoms 2 mum Dutch Mignonne, - small unripe 202 Do. * š : ripe 203. ——— Court of Wick, . small unri 204) Do. i oN "e 205. Nonpareil . : ripe 206. —— Ribstone Pippin ripe 207. Golden Pippin, seedling 208. Vellington . i 209. Blenheim Pippin 210. Golden Harvey . + ripe 211. Golden Muse . ripe 212. Ca ripe 213. Currants, ptg: ipe 214. — — — Kn night's. eR Red, unripe 15, — —— — Do ripe 216. ————— Black $ a blossoms 217. — — — Do. eaves 218. Black Naples . unripe 219. Do. : ripe 220. Cherry, Bigarreau . : unripe 221. Do. : ras 223. Do. $ 223. Kentish . " 225. i . 226. Wont via ripe 227. Dark Red Rough 228. Red | Champagne : ea 229. Whi C » ripe 230. White Walnut ripe anic |Inorganic || Inorganic ma Water. uer. matter. : in Dry Pe 8496 1300 204 1348 6879 2945 176 564 8612 1211 177 1275 9359 53 107 1764 7615 2224 161 676 7550 2232 218 892 9462 43 102 1910 8420 1356 224 1421 8815 1001 184 1558 7949 1749 302 1476 8430 1299 271 1728 8800 1088 112 1101 9197 72 74 921 8077 1650 237 1420 8724 1147 129 1012 5239 4527 234 491 7791 2042 167 257 9207 70 91 1152 8480 1432 88 582. 9354 56 78 1225 7787 2034 179 808 5631 4257 112 250 7515 2240 245 988 5332 4476 192 411 8416 1369 215 1361 5333 4416 251 639 8867 98 145 1285 8252 1553 195 1119 6899 2936 165 534 522 2406 72 293 5953 3787 260 644 6 1372 163: 1067 8917 84 240 2215 9260 633 107 1450 8193 1597 210 1165 7689 2097 214 927 t 842 1478 98 627 j 8972 978 50 487. | 8559 1420 21 151 8839 1114 47 411 8525 1438 37 252 8012 1961 27 140 7905 2051 44 214 8024 1929 47. 241 \ 8376 1595 29 184 8486 1491 23 157 7825 2140 35 162 8399 1578 23 146 848 1481 30 198 8742 1191 67 533 8959 986 55 532 8593 1355 52 373 8625 1255 120 872 74 234: 254 980 8578 1317 105 741 8023 1879 98 498 8792 1157 5} 422 503 1447 50 336 8237 -T715 48 313 8682 1270 48 364 848 1476 42 309 9002 954 44 440 8765 1188 47 384 8572 1373 45 315 1516 37 241 605 1 50 412 8799 1151 50 416 By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 63 Organ i wat. | Come [ingeni | Saat 231. —————— — Porcupine ; ee 8533 1412 55 379 232. —— Amber 8606 1347 47 338 233. —— ———— Keene's Seedling Warrington pe 8705 1245 50 415 234. Grapes, Portugal ripe 8055 1877 68 353 235. ———— Hamburgh . ; . ripe 8265 1685 50 289 236 Esperione ; i unripe 9269 669 32 449 237. Do. . ripe 8791 1169 40 2 238. Melon, Green Flesh : : ripe 9340 565 95 1439 239. Nectarine, Imperatrice È unripe 9053 893 54 573 240, —————- Do. ; ripe 8409 1543 48 1062 241. Orange 5 š j ripe 8019 1908 73 371 242. Peach, Late Admirable . unripe 8827 1115 58 494 243. : . : . ripe 8605 1340 52 376 244 Royal George : i small 8972 971 57 555 245. Do. í unripe 7812 2093 95 3 246. Do. * ^ ripe 8635 1317 48 357 247. Pear, Catillac s š blossoms | 8504 1380 115 745 248. -—— Do. : ` 7752 2085 163 125 249 Do. = . unripe 8068 1844 250. —— Do. . : ripe 8379 1595 26 164 251. —— Chaumontelle : i unripe 7705 2186 109 471 252. —— Do. i i ripe 8436 1530 34 229 253. Easter Beurré : : unripe 7590 2304 106 440 254, —— Do. : : ripe 8421 1542 37 235 255 Passe Colmar i 1 unripe 8140 1756 104 566 256. —— ce i : ripe 8240 1722 38 183 257 . ripe 7907 2022 71 341 258. dd Mor è ripe 8354 1605 41 254 259. —— Duchesse "D'Angouléme > ripe 8469 1492 39 260 260 Beurré Diel P ripe 8415 1585 37 237 261. —— Beurré D'Aremberg : ripe 8376 -1579 45 281 262, —— Napoleon E ripe . 8598 1371 31 226 263. Plum, Nectarine ‘ : unripe 8885 1070 45 403 264. o. $ . i ripe 8469 1492 39 254 265. Strawberry, Keen’s Seedling . leaves 7543 2209 249 1016 266. ————— —— Do. > ripe forced fruit | 9320 631 49 733 267. — — — —— Do. i unripe 8698 1229 73 562 268. ———_——— Do. : . -. ripe 9129 823 48 | 554 In order to carry out more fully the objects contemplated in the experiments on Savoys and Potatoes already described, a series of experiments were made the succeeding year, on a much larger scale, but with a more limited number of manures. Four plants were selected for the purpose, namely Wheat, Potatoes, Peas and Mangel Wurzel. These experiments are now so far concluded, that the practical effects produced by the different manures, are known; the variations in the chemical composition of the crops, obtained by the manures, is at present being investigated. All the experiments made at the gardens, were under the care of Mr. Robert Thompson. The following is a description of the mode in which the experi- ments were conducted, the manures employed, and the produce obtained ; the chemical enquiries which these experiments give 64 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, rise to, and the conclusions which may be drawn from them, will form the subject of a future communication. A piece of ground divided into twenty-four beds, was sown with Talavera Spring Wueart, drilled in rows, six inches apart on the 21st of March. The ground was tolerably uniform and had not received any manure for some years, having previously been used for the cultivation of garden annuals. It was however in good condition; in fact as the results of the experiments shewed, in rather too good condition for the purpose. On the 19th of April, the plants being fairly up, and from two to four inches in height, the manures were applied, being sown broadcast across the drills. Twenty-two of the squares were manured, two and two, with eleven different substances, whilst the remaining two were left without any manure. On the 1st of June, the plants being then about a foot and a half high, twelve of the squares, eleven of them having different saline manures, and the twelfth being one of those left without any manure, received in addition an equal quantity of silicate of Potash ; thus the first square had a saline manure alone, the next had the same saline manure and in addition a quantity of silicate of Potash ; the next had a second saline manure, the fourth had the same saline manure, with the addition of silicate of Potash, and so on; one square alone being left without any manure what- ever as a standard of comparison. Towards the end of July, the Wheat came into blossom, it was cut at the end of August, and threshed out early in September. During the growth of the plants and ripening of the grain, very marked distinctions were perceptible ; these are described in the following details. 1, Phosphate of Ammonia. The quantity of this salt taken was rather more than 2 Ibs, per rod or 3 cwt. per acre. The value of the salt can hardly be fairly compared with other saline manures, as, the demand for it being very small, it has not yet been made on a scale of any magnitude, and hence it is difficult to state By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 65 at what price it might be prepared. The salt employed in this experiment was pure ; for practical use of course a commoner and cheaper salt might be employed. The experimental squares were rather less than a rod each, the results are however all calculated for a rod and likewise for the acre. lbs. OZ. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop per rod 58 14 per acre 4 4 18 Grain I0 26 15: : 2I Straw s 42 8 3 0 80 Chaff 5. . 12 8 29 The proportion of corn to the whole produce therefore was as 1804 to 10000. The average weight of the seeds was ascertained by weighing a known number, generally from 1500 to 2000. One thousand seeds weighed 653 grains. The density of the wheat was found by weighing a given bulk; a brass measure holding exactly the hundredth part ofa bushel was used ; twelve weighings were made of each sample ; and the mean of the whole twelve taken as representing the average specific gravity of the wheat. The average weight of the standard measure full was 4167 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 59 lbs. It is necessary to observe that the quantity of corn, its density, and the weight of a thousand grains, as given in the following pages, is throughout deduced from the undressed corn. It was not dressed or screened in any way, but the whole corn, just as it was threshed out, was taken; hence some of the samples appear extremely light and cannot be fairly compared with dressed samples; the weights are merely comparative, but cannot be taken as expressing the real goodness of the corn. The effect produced on the growth of the young plants by this salt was very marked, in about a week after applying it the plants looked rather poor, a few of them being killed or the leaves turned brown; in three weeks a decided improvement was visible, the blades were larger and greener than those in the squares numbered 3, 4, 5 and 6, and in fact poen very flourishing. The dark VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. 66 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, colour of the blades and the superior height of the plants increased, and remained very marked until the wheat came into ear. 2. Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash. The same quantity of Phosphate of Ammonia was used in this, as in the pre- ceding experiment. The plants received in addition a quantity of pure silicate of Potash, corresponding to a hundred weight and a half per acre. The silicate employed was very pure, having been made by slowly fusing together white quartz sand, previously well boiled im nitro-muriatic acid and thoroughly washed, with pure car- bonate of Potash. It was white, perfectly transparent, and entirely soluble in water. The silicate was applied to the plants in solution, a weak solution being poured between the rows, taking care not to wet the blades. ‘The produce was Ibs. OZ. ton. cwt. Ibs, Whole crop per rod 58 0 per acre 4 = 199 Grain 6 8 9: io Straw 45 i 3 4 105 Chaff 6 1 B 76 The proportion of corn to the whole crop was therefore as 1137 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 584 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4070 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 584 lbs. The remarks just made with respect to No. 1, Phosphate of Ammonia alone, may be equally applied to this square, which like No. 1 might until the plants came into ear be easily distinguished at a distance from the four following squares by the superior height and darker green colour of the blades. The quantity of corn produced both in Nos. 1 and 2 was less than had been expected from the appearance of the plants and the size and quantity of the ears formed; it is probable that a considerable portion of the corn was carried away from both these squares, but more particularly from No. 2, by the birds; it being more exposed than the other squares to their depredations. 3. Sulphate of Soda. The substance taken in this experiment was not a pure sulphate of Soda, but the impure salt, called Salt By Epwan» Sorry, Esq. 67 cake, a substance manufactured on a very large scale by acting on common salt by sulphuric acid, for the purpose of being subsequent- ly converted into carbonate of Soda or “ Soda." Its value is about £3. 10s. per ton, hence the quantity applied would cost 10s. 6d. per acre. The produce was lbs. oz. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop per rod 37 13 peracre2 13 14 rain 8 2 He. 330 Straw 25 3 aaa o ee Chaff 4 8 6 46 The proportion of corn to the whole crop was therefore as 2188 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 610 grains. The brass standard measure full weighed 4114 grains, consequently the bushel would weigh 584lbs. The plants in this as well as those in the sueceeding square, No. 4, had throughout but a sickly appearance, they looked weak, and were a good deal laid by the wind, much more so than the two preceding squares, Nos. 1 and 2, although the latter plants were larger and taller than those in 3 and 4. 4. Sulphate of Soda and Silicate of Potash. The plants in the fourth square received these substances, at the rate of 3cwt. of the former and 12 cwt. of the latter per acre. The produce was Ibs. OZ. ton. cwt, lbs. Whole crop per rod 47 13 per acre 3 9 46 Grain 8 13 58 Straw 36; 30 2 13 62 Chaff 3 0 38 The proportion of corn to the whole crop was therefore as 1803 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 566 grains. The standard measure full weighed 3987 grains, consequently the bushel would weigh 57 lbs. 5. Salt. Common Salt was applied to this square at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. This, reckoning salt at £1. 15s. per ton, would cost 4s. 6d. per acre. The produce was Ibs, Oz. ton. cwt. Ibs. Whole crop per rod 56 3 peracre3 19 72 Grain 13 8 18 71 Straw 37: 18 2. 14 0 Chaff 4 14 7 H The proportion of corn to the whole crop was therefore as 68 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, 2339 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 731 grains. The standard measure full, weighed 4228 grains, consequently the bushel would weigh 604 Ibs. The plants in this and the succeed- ing square, No. 6, looked throughout rather better than those in the two preceding squares Nos. 3 and 4; they were not, however, so much better as to have rendered it probable that the crop would be so much larger than Nos. 3 and 4, as the result proved it to be. 6. Common Salt and Silicate of Potash. Manured with these substances at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former, and 14 cwt. of the latter, per acre, the produce was Ibs, Oz. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop perrod47 13 per acre 3 8 44 Grain 8 3 Yr —SI Straw 36 10 2 o N Chaff 3 0 4. 38 The proportion of corn to the whole crop was therefore as 1721 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 654 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4124 grains, consequently the bushel would weigh 59 Ibs. 7. Muriate of Ammonia. Manured with this salt at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre, which, reckoning the salt worth £2. 2s. per cwt., would cost £6. 6s. per acre. In almost all the experiments made at the Horticultural Gardens with the salts of Ammonia, Muriate of Ammonia has produced a greater effect than the Sulphate or even the Phosphate. It is probable that this salt would for many soils be a very valuable manure. The price just quoted, which is that ordinarily stated, is however very high ; and it becomes a ques- tion of some interest, whether it could not be obtained at a much lower cost. The common Muriate of Ammonia or Sal Ammoniac, is prepared chiefly from the Sulphate of Ammonia and Common Salt, which are mixed and then heated in a subliming apparatus. It is evident that for the purpose of manure, a more impure salt than that prepared by sublimation might be used. Perhaps the best process for preparing it would be to mix together Muriate of By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 69 Lime, a substance which can be procured at a very low cost, with Sulphate of Ammonia; when water is present these salts instantly decompose each other. The result of such a mixture would be Muriate of Ammonia and Sulphate of Lime, and would, probably, form an excellent manure. It might also be worth while to form Muriate of Ammonia by mixing Muriate of Lime and the crude Ammoniacal Gas liquor, in which case Muriate of Ammonia and Carbonate of Lime would result. The tarry matter always present in Ammoniacal liquor would perhaps be objectionable, hence the mixture of Sulphate of Ammonia and Muriate of Lime appears preferable. The produce was lbs. OZ. ton. cwt. lbs Whole crop per rod 57 13 per acre 4 245 72 Grain 12 9 17 A411 Straw 44 ae 2 13 86 Chaff 7 10 I0 99 The proportion of corn to the whole crop therefore was as 2176 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 700 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4173 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 59: lbs. In about three weeks from the time of applying the Salt, an evident alteration in the appearance of the wheat became visible; the plants were of a dark green colour, like those which had been manured with Phosphate of Ammonia, but even yet darker. They grew rapidly, the blades were large, and the plants very flourishing; they could readily be distinguished from the plants in 3, 4, 5 and 6, by their superior size and deep green colour. In consequence of the rankness of the plants, they were a good deal laid. 8. Muriate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash. Manured with these substances at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former and 1; of the latter per acre. The produce was Ibs. oz. n. cwt. Ibs Whole crop per rod 70 3 peracre5 14 65 Grain 10 8 15 0 Straw 67 15 4 WM D Chaff | 12 2 53 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1309 70 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 610 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4023 grains; hence the bushel would weigh 574 lbs. The plants in this, like those in the preceding square, were remarkable for their size and the deep green colour of their blades. They were rather stiffer and therefore less laid than those in No. 7. ' 9. Phosphate of Lime. 'The Phosphate employed was nearly pure, it was prepared from the super-phosphate of Lime formed by acting on Bone-ash by Sulphuric Acid. The ground was manured with it at the rate of 44 cwt. per acre. The produce was lbs, . oz. ton. cwt, lbs. Whole crop per rod 52 15 peracre 3: 15 72 Grain 11 4 16 7 Straw 35 5 2. 10:52 Chaff 6 6 95599 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2123 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 628 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4166, hence the bushel would weigh 595 lbs. The plants in this and the following square were rather poor, and somewhat paler in colour than those in the standard square 13. 10. Phosphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash. Manured with these substances at the rate of 44 cwt. of the former, and 14 cwt. of the latter per acre. The produce was bs. oz. ton, cwt. Ibs. Whole crop per rod 55 7 peracre3 19 y Grain 11 9 16° 37 Straw 39 2 2 19 105 Chaff 4& 13 6 oF The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2076 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 585 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4015 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 574 lbs. 11. Muriate of Potash. This Salt was applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre; it was nearly pure, and cost 18s. per cwt. There is however an impure Muriate of Potash known in trade under the By Epwanp Sorry, Esg. 71 name of Petre salt, and costing about 4s. per cwt. The produce was Tbs. oz. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop per rod 58 10 per acre 4 2. 10 Grain IS "19 9 25 Straw 389 ...19 2:16. J5 Chaff 5 6 7 82 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2272 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 712 grains. The standard measure full, weighed 4233 grains; hence the bushel would weigh 604 lbs. During the first few weeks after the application of this Salt, no effect whatever was perceptible; the plants looked poor, they grew up thin, and the blades were small, but they were stiff and the straw strong. When the wheat came into ear it looked far better than it had previously done, and the stiffness of the straw became more evident, for when those which had received Ammo- niacal manures were all laid, the plants in this square were not laid at all. During the filling of the grain, a very remarkable effect was observed; the straw ripened and became of a bright yellow colour some time before that in most of the surrounding squares began to change. This effect which was very distinct and marked was perceived only in those squares which had been manured with Muriate and Sulphate of Potash, viz. 11, 12, 21 and 22, but in the two latter cases the appearance was less distinct than in those to which the Muriate of Potash had been applied. 12. Muriate of Potash and Silicate of Potash. These sub- stances were applied at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former and 17 cwt. ofthe latter per acre. The produce was Ibs. OZ. ton. cwt. Ibs, Whole crop per rod 61 5 per acre 4 7 1 Grain 10 7 i4 4 Straw 47 7 3 T 94 Chaff 3 7 4 107 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1633 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 619 grains. The 72 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, standard measure full, weighed 4081 grains; hence the bushel full would weigh 58+ lbs. 13. No Manure. This square, which was reserved as a stand- ard of comparison with the other squares, received no manure whatever. The produce was Ibs. oz. ton. cwt. Ibs. Whole crop per rod 40 6 won: 17 n Grain to 9 10 98 Straw * 30 2 2 3 7 Chaff 2 10 3 84 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1885 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 596 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4107 € hence the bushel would weigh 584 lbs. In the early part of the experiment, shortly after the applica- tion of the manures, the plants in this square looked, if anything, rather better than any of the others; they seemed larger and fuller, and consequently this square appeared greener than those around it. After a few weeks however many of the squares, and more particularly those which had been treated with ammoniacal manures, far surpassed this in the size and colour of the plants. It was evident, as the wheat came into ear, that the straw was far weaker than that in the neighbouring squares; it was far more easily laid and recovered itself less rapidly than the wheat in other squares, even though the latter were larger and taller plants. On comparing the produce of this square with that of the others, it will be perceived that the quantity of grain is less than in any of the others, with the exception of that manured with Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash in No. 2. It is probable, as has already been stated, that a considerable portion of the grain in that square was destroyed by birds. 14. Silicate of Potash. This square was manured with Silicate of Potash, at the rate of 11 cwt. per acre. The produce was : bs. oz. ton. cwt. Ibs, Grin crop per rod E : per acre 3 1 i 2 Chaff 5 58 ; 4 By Epwan» Sorry, Esq. 78 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1905 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 553 grains. The standard measure full weighed 3942 grains; hence the bushel would weigh 561 lbs. There was a decided improvement in the appearance of this wheat, over that of the standard square; the plants were larger, the ears finer, and the straw stiffer. 15. Sulphate of Lime or Gypsum. Applied at the rate of 41 cwt. per acre; it was finely powdered and spread over the ground as uniformly as possible. The price of Gypsum varies a good deal; reckoning it at 35s. per ton, the above quantity would cost 7s. 102 d. per acre. The produce was Ibs. OZ. ton. cwt. Ibs. Whole crop perrod 60 ll per acre 4 6...90 Grain 14 0 1 0 6 Straw 41 5 2. 19 8 Chaff 5 6 T 46 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was, as 2310 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 639 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4204 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 60 lbs. Within a short time from the application of the Gypsum, the wheat exhibited an improved appearance, the blades were longer, and more healthy looking, though paler in colour than those of the standard. This superiority was evident during the whole time of their growth, but the difference was not so great as to make it probable that there would be so great a difference in the produce as there proved to be. 16. Sulphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash. These substances were applied at the rate of 44 cwt. of the former, and 1; cwt. of the latter per acre. The aug was Tbs. ton. ewt. Ibs. Dhar crop per rod 71 n) per acre 5 2 388 Grai 14 3 1 0 7 Berke BI 12 Sa 13 107 Chaff 5 10 8 6 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1986 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 645 grains. The Standard measure full weighed eed 7 grains, hence the bushel VOL III. 2ND. SERIES. 74 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, would weigh 58: lbs. The same observations made to Gypsum alone 15 may be applied to this square, the plants in it were rather finer than in No. 16. 17. Sulphate of Ammonia. This salt was applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. Sulphate of Ammonia is now made on a large scale from the refuse ammoniacal liquor of the gas works, either by the addition of Sulphuric Acid, or by a cheap sulphate, such as the Sulphate of Iron. The price of Sulphate of Ammonia is about 16s. per cwt.; the abovementioned quantity therefore would cost £2. 8s. per acre. The produce was lbs. Whole crop per rod 60 Grain 12 oz ton. cwt. lbs. 3 per acre 4 6 9 6 17 82 7 2 19 26 6 9 13 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2061 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 651 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4166 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 594 lbs. The plants in this and the following square 18 began to show a marked difference in about three weeks after the application of the salt; the plants grew very vigorously, and had the same deep green which distinguished those manured with Muriate of Ammonia, 7 and 8. If there was any visible difference between the effects produced by the Muriate and Sul- phate, it was in favour of the former; the plants manured with that salt were perhaps a little more luxuriant than those treated with the Sulphate. The plants in this and the following square were rather less laid than those manured with the Muriate 7 and 8. 18. Sulphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash. These substances were applied at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former and 1i cwt. of the latter per acre. The produce was lbs. oz. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop perrod50 6 peracre4 6 4l ^ rou 16 85 Ww. 46 2 3 5 100 2 9 By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 75 The proportion of grain to the whole produce therefore was as 1940 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 619 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4096 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 581 lbs. 19. Sulphate of Magnesia, Epsom Salts. This salt was applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. Its value is about £12. per ton, hence the quantity used would cost £1. 16s. per acre. The pro- duce was oz. ton. cwt. lbs. Whole crop per rod 56 7 per acre 4 0 76 Grain 12 17 Straw 8T. n 2 93. 100 Chaff 6 12 9T 4l The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2125 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 671 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4170 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 593 lbs. The effect produced by this salt on the growth of the wheat appeared to be small, the plants looked very little better than those in the standard square ; the straw appeared to be rather stronger. 20. Sulphate of Magnesia and Silicate of Potash. These sub- stances were applied at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former and 17 ewt. of the latter per acre. The produce was ton. cwt. Ibs. Ibs. oz Whole crop perrod 58 13 peracre4 4 6 Grain 12 5 17 65 Straw 43 8 3 2 15 Chaff 3 0 4 38 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2091 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 624 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4106 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 583. lbs. 21. Sulphate of Potash. This salt was applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. Sulphate of Potash is the residue of the ordinary process for the manufacture of Nitric Acid, in which Nitrate of Potash is decomposed by Sulphuric Acid. The price of the Sul- phate varies, in part depending on the price of the Nitrate, its 76 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, average value is about £14 per ton, hence the above quantity would cost £2. 2s. per acre. The produce was I OZ. ton. cwt. Ibs, Whole crop per rod 47 7 per acre 3 ] S87 Grain $0 HH 15 34 Straw 30 I3 2 3 107 Chaff 9$ I3 5 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 2257 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 651 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4195 grains, hence the bushel would weigh 60 lbs. This salt decidedly produced a beneficial effect on the wheat ; the plants were large and flourishing, the straw appeared stiffer than most of the others, and when the wheat had come into ear and the grains were ripening, the remarkable change in colour adverted to when describing the effect produced by Muriate of Potash, was observed. 22. Sulphate of Potash and Silicate of Potash. These sub- stances were applied at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former and 1} cwt. of the latter, the produce was lbs. OZ. ton, cwt. Ibs Whole crop per rod 72 0 per acre 5 4 66 Grain 12 19.28 Straw 55 4 3 18. 64 Chaff x» ae 6-91 The proportion of grain to the whole crop was therefore as 1836 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 610 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4069 grains. Hence the bushel would weigh 58i lbs. The plants in this square were very large and healthy, the straw was remarkably stiff; and the ears were larger and full. On comparing together all the squares manured with Silicate of Potash, the plants in this square appeared the finest. 23. Nitrate of Soda. This salt was applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. At the present price of £17. per ton, this quantity would cost £2. 11s. The produce was Ibs. Oz. ton. cwt. Ibs. Whole crop per rod 59 6 per acre 4 4 109 Grain TE 30 16 mi traw 4l B 2. 19 39 Chaff 6 1 8. 19 By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 77 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1958 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 651 grains. The standard measure full weighed 4242 grains. Hence the bushel would weigh 6021]bs. The Nitrate of Soda in this and the following square produced a very luxuriant growth, closely resembling that caused by the salts of Ammonia; the plants appeared to be weaker than those manured with ammoniacal compounds, for though no larger, they were more laid than the others were. 24. Nitrate of Soda and Silicate of Potash. 'These substances were applied at the rate of 3 cwt. of the former, and 17 of the latter. The produce was lbs. OZ. ton. cwt. Ibs. Whole crop per rod 56 15 per acre 4 ) 46 Grain 9 8 I3 63 Straw 42 4 ; 3 0 46 Chaff 5 3 7.49 The proportion of grain to the whole crop therefore was as 1666 to 10000. One thousand seeds weighed 562 grains. The stan- dard measure full weighed 3952 grains. Hence the bushel would weigh 56 = lbs. From the comparatively small scale on which these experiments were made, it is evident that the results cannot be considered as giving exactly the relative effects produced by the different ma- nures employed, the experiments were however carefully made, and possess considerable interest in themselves, even independent of the chemical enquiries to which they will hereafter lead. Perhaps the fairest mode of judging of the effect produced by these manures, was to compare the growing crops together, previous to their coming into ear, the differences were then very marked, it was evident that by far the greatest effect was throughout pro- duced by the salts of Ammonia and the Nitrate of Soda. The most remarkable effect of all was produced by Muriate of Ammo- nia; the plants manured with this salt were distinguished not only by the luxuriance of their growth, but likewise by the very deep blue green colour of the foliage, those manured with Sulphate of 78 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, Ammonia were not quite so rank, whilst those manured with Phos- phate of Ammonia and Nitrate of Soda, though as large and flourishing as those treated with Muriate of Ammonia, were not quite so dark in colour. Next in size and appearance were the plants manured with Sulphate of Potash, then those manured with Sulphate of Lime and Sulphate of Magnesia. The Muriate of Potash appeared to exert but little influence until the wheat came into ear. The other salts did not in any material way affect the appearance of the wheat. A slight beneficial effect was throughout produced by the Silicate of Potash, each square to which it had been applied, in conjunction with a saline manure, looked better than the corresponding square to which the Silicate had not been applied. The crops were attentively watched from time to time to ascertain whether any of them were more liable to blight or diseases than the others, but no such effect was observed, a few smutty ears were found in most of the squares, and in a few places red rust appeared, but it did not seem that there was any connexion between those diseases and the manures employed. A number of grains of wheat selected from each square, was sown in similar soil, and exposed to the same circumstances, to ascertain whether there was any difference in the time required for germina- tion. In the first trial, considerable differences appeared to exist in the rapidity of germination ; the seeds from those squares which had been manured with Silicate of Potash, all came up first ; this was however probably due to some accidental circumstance, for on repeating the experiment with greater care no appreciable differ- ence was perceptible. For the convenience of reference some of the numerical results of the preceding experiment are arranged in the following tables. By Epwan» Sorrr, Esq. I. Table shewing the whole arid of grain, an d produce with each e, calculated n u^ acre, Whole grain. Increase. ton. cwt. lbs. cwt. lbs. e d of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 9 40 . 10 89 is Pie of jf Sod r it. 70 84 6. Common Salt d Silicate o f Potash k 11.81 95 4. Sulphate of Soda and Silicate of Potash . 12 58 L 14 14. ere of Potash . 13 12 2 34 24. Nitrate of Soda and Silicate of Potash : 13 63 4 T; 12. Muriate of Potash and Silicate of Potash . 14 24 3 38 8. Muriate of ores and Silicate of Potash 15 0 4 14 1. Phosphate of Ammo 15 21 4 25 21. ail jd Potash : : * 15 34 4 48 9. Phosphate ib 1 5 21 10:4 brad p Lime and Silicate of Potash $ 16 37 5 51 23. Nitrate of Soda 16 72 5 86 18. Sulphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 16 85 b .99 19. Sulphate of Magnesi nm 6 31 20. Sulphate of Magnesia and Silicate of Potash 17 65 6 79 17. Sulphate of Ammonia . 17 82 6 66 7. Muriate of Ammonia . . 17 111 1 A18 5. Common Salt 18 71 7 85 22. Sulphate of hee and Silicate of Potash 19 23 8 36 11. Muriate of Pot 19. 35 8 39 15. Sulphate of L 1 Ü 5 9 20 16. Sulphate of Line and Silicate of Potash : 1 0 37 9 51 II. Table shewing the iren Apes of wheat, and also the increase of produce caused by each manure, calculated for the acre Whole crop. Increase. . cwt. Ibs. ton, cwt. Ibs. 13 4 3. eed of Soda - á : DEM 1 13. o Man - LI 21. Sulphate rv dee b a Eo R7 10 10 6. and Silicate of Potash : 44 10 79 4. Sulphate of Soda and Silicate of oe š 9 46 ee 8} 14, Pome 9. H 11 44 - Phosphate o 15^ 72 17 107 10. Phosphate d Hes and Silicate of Potash 1 9 44 - Common Salt 19 72 107 19. Sulphate of Magnesia 0 76 111 . Nitra Soda and Silicate of Po Potash - 1 der E ; - Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash Mu ll. Muriate of Potash 20. Sulphate of presos and Silicate of Potash 1. Phosphate of Amm " of Soda wo ob RA AAD a R R e e O Oo o w oa o o o o E wer b -J OO» OU CO tO bo ak oS DO VE VEM ee AOkLOBDOONTAMAANAOWND He w t2 Lo w 80 I l. che m the Average Weight o On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, f a Bushel, f 1000 grains, the Average Weight of the One hundredth part o ight of a Bushel, calculated ds the same, and the Average Number of Seeds in the One hun- ede part v hy sehn i erage Average Number Weight of ——P n m MM Bee Seeds in the 1000 Seeds. (Standard Measure per N tandard Measure. grains grains. Ibs. s. 14. Silicate of Potash ; 553 3942 564 d Ls 24. Nitrate of Soda and Silicate of Potash $ 562 3952 M^ ies 4. "wc of Soda and Silicate of Potash |: 666 3987 5 e 2. Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 584 4070 58i pie 10. hosphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash pe 2 A Sei Song : : 6744 3 " MÀ of Sod 610 4114 58$ 7 8 sia of Puecfi nia and Silicate of Potash 610 4023 574 ad 22. woe of Potash and Silicate of Potas 610 4069 584 ns 12, e of Po d Silicate « of Potas 619 4081 584 Sere 18, nar of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 619 4096 584 Mis 20. Sulphate of Magnesia and Silicate of Potash 624 4106 584 rai 9. Phosphate of Lime A ý i 628 4166 594 ae 15. Sulphate o . . 639 4204 60 ies 16. Sulphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash 645 4077 584 paces 17. Sulphate of Ammonia í ; 651 4166 594 Sat 21. Sulphate of Potash 651 4195 60 mis 23. Nitrate o ; ; 651 4242 60} ed. 1. Phosph Ammoni ‘ 653 4167 594 rd 6. Salt and Silicate of Potash . . 654 4124 59 sans 19. Sulphate of Magnes - 671 4170 594 sobi 7. Muriate of Ammonia ‘ 700 4173 594 Fs 11. Muriate of Po n 712 4233 60$ 59 : 5. Common : e 731 4228 604 578 IV. P ien NE the relative Value of D. different Experimental Mic acre deter- an Emi inent Corn Factor to whom a series of U mples s qa November 1843 Manure Ga ier Value per Bushel. £ d $* ws - Muriate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash , 653. to 54 Pe Nitrate of Soda and Silicate of Potas 54 54 2. Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 54 6 4. Sulphate of thin and Silicate of Potash , 54 6 14, Silicate of P. 54 18. Sulphate of Pen E and Silicate of Potash i 09 20. Sulphate of Magnesia and Silica: tash ko d 10. Phosphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash - Sulphate of Potash and Silicate of Potash 6 to 56 16. Sulphate of Lime and Silicate of Potas t to 56 6 12. Muriate of Potash and Silicate of ene 55 to 55 6 6. Common Salt an a Potts r to 55 6 17. Sulphate of Ammonia 55 to 56 T. [rna of Ammonia ` ‘ 55 6 1. Phosphate of Am i 35 6to 55 9. Phosphate of Lime 56 3. No manu " ‘ à a 9€ 15, Sulphate of x 56 19. Sulphate of Magnesia i 56 . of ` . & 56 23. Nitrate of £ * . * ^ [ to 56 6 3. Sulphate of Soda * š ` 6 to 57 5. Common Salt" . ` ‘ .56 6to 57 6 11. Muriate of Potash * . b 56 6to 57 6 By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 81 V. Table of the produce of diea enne the increase produced by n Man Whole straw. Increase, ton. cwt., lbs, | ton. cwt. lbs, 3. Sulphate of Soda 1 I5 19 21. Sulphate of Potash 2-377197 14. Silicate of Potash 2 62 9. Phosphate of Lime 2.10: ,; 52 6 ommon Salt and Silicate of Potash 2 i1 x 4. Sulphate of Soda and Silicate of Potash 2. 15 03 7. Muriate o 2718 — 8b 19. Sulphate of tars 2 13 100 5 ommon Sal 2 14 100 10. Phosphate of | Lime and Silicate of Potash 2..15..105 11. Muriate of Potash 2:116: 7 15. Sulphate of Lime 2 19 8 17. Sulphate of Ammonia 2. 19-:.- 26 23. Nitrate of Soda 7 19. 70 24. Nitrate of Soda and Silicate of Potash 3". D. MU l. Phosphate of Ammonia 9- 0-80 20. Sulphate of Magnesia and Silicate of Potash 9 2 j 1 8-.-3 2. Phosphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 3 4 105 1 . 98 18, Sulphate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash 8 5 100 2.: 93 12. Muriate of Potash and Silicate of Potash 3 37 94 4- 87 16. Sulphate of Lime and Silicate of Potash 3 13 107 10 100 22. Sulphate of Potash and Silicate of Potash 3 18 4 15 T 4 HS 42 1 14 5 8. Muriate of Ammonia and Silicate of Potash . A series of experiments with similar saline manures was also made with Porarors. Twelve squares were planted with Bread fruit Potatoe on the 20th of March. The cuttings were as nearly as possible of the same size, and came up tolerably regularly. On the 12th of May, when most of the young plants were from two to four inches above ground, the manures were applied ; they were not sown broadcast over the whole bed, but sprinkled as uniformly as possible on each side of the row of young plants, to a distance of about six inches. The salts used were the same as those applied to the wheat, with the exception of the Silicate of Potash, namely, the Phosphate, Muriate, and Sulphate of Ammonia, Sulphate, Muriate, and Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate and Muriate of Potash, Sulphate and Phosphate of Lime, and Sulphate of Magnesia, whilst the twelfth square was left without any manure as a standard of comparison. In about three weeks after applying the manure, it was evident that four of the squares, namely, those to which the Salts of Ammonia and Nitrate of Soda, had been applied, were dis- tinguished from the_others by more vigorous growth, and rather M VOL, III. 2ND. SERIES. 82 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, darker foliage. About five weeks after applying the salts, the standard square and that treated with Sulphate of Lime, were the poorest, those which had Muriate of Potash and Phosphate of Lime, were rather finer; those manured with Sulphates of Soda, Magnesia, and Potash, still better; that which had been manured with common Salt, resembled in size and appearance those which had been treated with the sulphate, but the foliage was remarkably pale in colour; whilst those manured with Ammoniacal Salts and Nitrate of Soda, were distinguished from all the others, by the plants being several inches higher, having much thicker stems, and a rich dark green foliage. One of the rows in the bed manured with Muriate of Ammonia had from some cause failed, at least the plants had not come up at the time of applying the manures, within a very short time afterwards, however, they came up, and grew with such vigour and luxuriance that in a few weeks it was impossible to distinguish them from the other plants similarly manured. The plants continued to grow until the end of August, and the same general distinctions already mentioned, were evident to the last. The ammoniacal manures and the Nitrate of Soda produced the finest plants, but the differences between the squares though evident, were far less marked at the end of August, than they had been at the end of June, and through the whole of July. It appeared as if the four manures just referred to, produced a powerful effect on the plants for the first six weeks, and caused them to grow with great vigour, so that they soon came to their full size, after which they ceased to grow ; whilst the plants in the other squares never made any rapid growth, but continued to grow slowly and steadily until the tops began to die off. In the middle of September, as the greater part of the tops were either dead or dying, they were gathered, and the potatoes taken up. The different manures were all applied at the rate of three hundred weight per acre, excepting the Phosphate and Sulphate of Lime, both of which were used at the rate of four and a half hundred weight per acre. By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. 83 The quantity of Potatoes yielded by each square was as follows : the quantity oflarge or marketable Potatoes being distinguished from the small ones. No. 1. Manured with Phosphate of Ammonia at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. Ibs. ton. cwt. Ibs. Large Pic per rod 1 53 per acre 11 16 78 Small tuber: 17 1 13 40 Total 1 72 13 2 6 Dry haulm i 9 0 No. 2. Manured with Sulphate of Soda at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was ewt. Ibs. ton. ewt. Ibs. Large tubers per rod 1 59 per acre 12 4 74 Small tubers 15 1 2 27 Total l1 7A 13 6 101 Dry haulm 51 8 4 No. 3. Manured with Common Salt at the rate of 3cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. lbs. ton. cwt. lbs. Large tubers per rod 1 82 per acre 13 18 2 S tuber 17 1 70 Total 1 99 15 2 72 Dry haulm 8 11 35 No. 4. Manured with Muriate of Ammonia at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. ton. cwt. Ibs Largetubers per rod 2 10 per acre 16 15 7 Small tubers 17 1 6 68 Total 2 27 17 1 75 Dry haulm ]1 15 77 No. 5. Manured with Phosphate of Lime at the rate of 47 cwt. per acre. The produce was ewt. lbs. ton. cwt, lbs. Large tubers per rod 1 47 peracre 11 7 20 Small tubers 21 1 10 21 Total 1 68 12 17 A41 Dry haulm 5l 7 61 No. 6. Manured with Muriate of Potash at the rate of 3cwt. per acre. The produce was ewt. Ibs. ton, cwt. Ibs. Large tubers per rod 1 84 per acre 14 1 2 mall tubers 13 19 33 Total 1 97 15 0 55 Dry haulm 7k 10 69 84 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, No. 7. Not manured at all. The produce was cwt. Ibs. ton. ewt. lbs. Large tubers per rod 1 31 per acre 10 4. 105 Small tubers 16 1 3 1 Total 1 47 11 : 109 Dry haulm 44 39 No. 8. Manured with Sulphate of Lime it the rate of 4; cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. lbs cwt. Ibs. Large ee per rod 1 32 per acre 10 6 59 Small tu 17 1 5 47 Total l 49 11 IL: 2165 Dry haulm 4 5 96 No. 9. Manured with Sulphate of Ammonia, at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. lbs. ton. cwt. Ibs. Large —— per rod | 74 per acre 13 6 101 Small tubers 16 1 3 E Total 1 90 14 9 105 Dry haulm 51 8 27 No. 10. Manured with Sulphate of Magnesia at the rate of 3cwt. peracre. The produce was cwt. Ibs. ton. cwt. Ibs. Large tubers per rod 1 1 : per acre 13 0 61 Small tubers 19 33 Total 1 83 13 1 x 94 Dry haulm 71 No. 11. Manured with Sulphate of Potash at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was cwt. cwt. Ibs. Large tubers per rod 1 42 per acre ll 0 92 Small tubers 14 1 0 73 Total 1 56 12 1 53 Dry haulm 34 96 No. 12. Manured with Nitrate of Soda at pe rate of 3 cwt. per acre. The produce was ewt. Ibs. ton. ewt. Ibs. Large ur per rod 1 84 per acre 14 1 22 Small t 20 1 8 67 1 x^ 15 9 88 Dry haulm The proportion of tubers is bë no means what might have been expected from the apparent size of the plants ; there was very little difference perceptible between the plants manured with the three salts of Ammonia, the plants were equally healthy and no difference By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. 85 could be seen in their size or appearance, yet the produce varied greatly, for on comparing the effect produced, it appears that the sulphate produced about twice the effect of the phosphate ; and the muriate about twice as much as the sulphate. The following table exhibits the relative effect produced by each manure, on the tubers as well as on the haulm, the weight of the green haulm may readily be calculated by reckoning 100 lbs. of the green for every 11 lbs. of the dry plant. Manure. Whole produce Increase Large tubers. Increase | Whole haulm. Increase tubers. pP 5 per acre. ton. cwt. lbs. | ton. cwt. Ibs. || ton. cwt. Ibs. | ton. cwt. lbs. cwt. lbs. cwt. lbs. None s ; $ 11 7 109 10 4 105 6 39 Sulphate of Lime . | 11 11 105 3108 || 10 6 59 1 66 5 96 Sulphate of Potash . 12 1 53 I3. 50.1 Hd 0 32 12 99 4 96 Phosphate of Lime . 12- 17 dl 1 [OCB TAL T 20 l 2: 27 J 264 bc Phosphate of Ammonia| 13 2 6 1: 14 5 11 15 m P odi. So 9 0 9 Jd Sulphate of S A 13 6 111 1 19 Bd: or 714 beh: B15) 8.4 1 77 Sulphate of Magnesia 13 19 94 sr oiio 9 O61 2 Io 68 E Fi ?* 32 Sulphate of Ammoni 14.-.9 105 3 1 108 || 13 6 101 d 1 108 8 27 1 100 uriate of Potash . Io 0 05 J 12 58i 14 TI D 39 16 29 10 69 4- 30 Common Salt 15 2. J2 4 M ik ip I9 2 4 I3 9 11. 35 4 108 Nitrate of Soda 5 9 89 E 192 14 1-922 | 8-10. 29 10 .36 3 109 Muriate of Ammonia Ue ee ty A 75 B 14 3s 416 IO 7| 56 10 H | jo 11 9 38 | | Shortly after this experiment was commenced, three other squares of bread fruit Potato, in another part of the garden, were manured with Carbonate of Ammonia, Nitrate of Ammonia, and Muriate of Lime. The soil where these substances were applied, was richer, than where the above described experiments were made ; and the fact that the salts were applied rather late, renders it impossible to compare the produce of the two experiments. The Nitrate and Carbonate of Ammonia, produced far less effect either on the haulm or tubers, than the other salts of Ammonia, which were applied to the plants in a younger state. The Muriate of Lime did not exert much influence on the growth of the tops, but it increased the yield of tubers nearly one fourth. A third series of experiments was made with Pras. Twelve squares were sown with Blue Prussian Peas, on the 20th of March and on the 19th of April the plants being about 3 inches high, they were manured with the same series of manures as had been 86 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, applied to the Potatoes, namely, Phosphate, Muriate and Sulphate of Ammonia, Sulphate of Soda, Nitrate of Soda, Common Salt, Phosphate and Sulphate of Lime, Sulphate and Muriate of Potash and Sulphate of Magnesia, the twelfth square being left untouched for comparison. The effects produced by these manures were far less marked than had been anticipated, the plants in all the squares grew well, and no luxuriant growth or darker coloured foliage indicated the ammoniacal manure, as had been the case with the Potatoes and Wheat. The only squares in which any difference could be perceived were those to which Common Salt and Nitrate of Soda had been applied, but even in these the superiority above the others was so very slight that it could not be perceived without a careful comparison. About the middle of Au- gust the plants ceased to produce pods and began to wither up, they were therefore gathered and the seed threshed out. The following table shews the produce in seed and the weight of dry straw, produced by each square. Rod. Acre, Seed. Straw. Seed. Straw. Ibs. oz. | Ibs. oz. | ton. cwt. lbs. | cwt. Ibs. Nitrate of Soda ^ ; 11 8j 9g 16 4113-57 Phosphate of Ammonia . | 12 12 8 144 IS -:81 3 1235.80 . e i : o 6 10 17 76 15 11 Sulphate of Soda : IS 0 9 Tk 18.641138 57 Sulphate of Lime . 13 1 9 1ll$ IS 79| 13 101 Sulphate of Magnesia 18. de} 102-0 18-97 34 Sulphate of Potash s 13 6$]| 8 14} 19 19] 12. 80 Sulphate of Ammonia 13.10 10 4$ :9 C2 1 14 9 uriate of Potas à 15 RID AiL * Uin 79 Phosphate of Lime 1 Ib. 341 9 HT 11 ot 4 | 13 101 ing : . : 15.541 9 FIIT i 1I 16 54 Muriate of Ammonia . 15.3194 110 8 |1 9 6il? 98 A fourth series of experiments was made with MANGEL WURZEL. Sixteen squares sown with Red Mangel Wurzel on the 12th of May, were manured on the 26th of June; the various substances being applied as a top dressing, sprinkled round the young plants, as was done with the Potatoes, to a distance of about 6 inches on either side of the rows. The plants were 12 inches apart and the distance between the rows was 24 inches. The roots were taken By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 87 up on the 23rd of November and weighed. The following were the manures employed and the produce they yielded. No. 1. Manured with Muriate of Lime at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Ibs. OZ cwt. lbs. Roots 4 13 5 98 ops 113 100 Total 5 82 86 No. 2. Manured with Phorilista of Ant di cwt. per acre. ‘The produce was Average weight. Rod. Ibs. ewt. lbs. Roots 3 11 4 53 Tops 7 9 Total 4 85 lbs. 80 No. 3. Manured with Sulphate of Potash at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight, Rod. lbs. o cwt. Ibs. Roots 3 14 4 80 ops 8i 72 Total 4 64 40 lbs, 55 93 36 No. 4. Manured with Muriate of Ammonia at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. lbs, cwt. lbs. Roots 3 6 4 13 Tops 10 85 Total 4 0 4 98 89 No. 5. Manured with Nitrate of Potash, > the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight, Rod, Ibs. oz. cwt. Ibs. Roots 8 12 4 67 8i 69 Total 4 44 5 24 No. 6. Manured with Common Salt, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. lbs. Ibs. Roots 8 15 4 94 Tops $ 72 88 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, No. 7. Manured with nothing, left as a standard of comparison. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. lbs. cwt. lbs ton cwt lbs Roots 3 2 3 96 30 17 43 Tops 6i 53 3 16 11 Total 3 8k 4 37 34 13 54 No. 8. Manured with Muriate of Potash, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. ‘The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. OZ. cwt. lbs ton. cwt. Ibs Roots 3 9 4 40 34 16 101 ops 7í 68 4 15 77 Total 4 02 4 108 39 12 66 No. 9. Manured with Nitrate of Soda, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. lbs. cwt, Ibs ton c Ibs. Roots 3 8 4 29 34 2 2 Tops 8k 71 5 2 5 Total 4 0$ Da 99 39 4 7 No. 10. Manured with Sulphate of Magnesia, at the rate of 6 cwt. peracre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. Ibs. oz, cwt. Ibs, ton. cwt. lbs. Roots 3 3 3 103 31 7 108 Tops 6i 58 4 3 6 Total 3 92 4 49 35 11 2 No. 11. Manured with Sulphate of Soda, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. Ibs. oz cwt. Ibs, ton. cwt. Ibs. Roots 3 4 2 104 32 7 17 Tops 5i 49 9 10 57 Total 3 9i 3 AI 35 17 74 No. 12. Manured with * Superphosphate of Lime," at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. lbs. . cwt. lbs. ton, cwt. lbs. Roots 2 ll 3 35 26 10 90 Tops 54 46 3 8 18 By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 89 No. 13. Manured with Carbonate of Soda, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. lbs. cwt, lbs ton . I Roots 3 5 3 103 32 13 47 1 57 4 l 30 Total 3 113 48 36 14 77 No. 14. Manured with Sulcats of Ammonia, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. lbs. cwt. lbs. ton. cwt. Ibs. Roots 2 5 2 96 22 17 62 Tops 6 51 3 13 72 Total 2 11 35 26 11 22 No. 15. Manured with Phosstàta of Soda, at the rate of 6 et: per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod, Acre. lbs. cwt. Ibs ton. Ibs. Roots 2 10 3 23 25 13 19 Tops 5k 48 3 8 62 Total 2 154 71 29 1 81 No. 16. Manured with Botin Dung, at the rate of 65 cubic yards per acre. The produce was Average weight. Rod. Acre. Ibs. cwt. lbs ton cwt. Ibs. Roots 3 7 4 26 33 16 101 Tops 8 68 4 65 3 15 4 94 38 12 Total fp The following table shews the increase of produce caused by each manure, calculated per acre. Roots: Tops. Roots and Tops. Whole: Increase. Whole. Increase. Whole. Increase. ton. . Ibs. | ton. cwt. lbs. | ton. lbs. | ton. cwt, Ibs. | ton. Ibs. | ton. cwt. Ibs porte of Ammonis 22 T 62 a I4 M 26 11 22 Phosphate of Soda ZE-14 191. S. Ww TR .S Milo Ej ITI-NEILL Nuperphosphate of Lime 435 30 Wl. S, siS 58 i5 : 29 18108| .. . 0-191 43]... 4. «18 16 M 84 13 TAY Sulphate of Magnesia ££ 8.1. 16 LK 3 € 6107135 11 2].. 17? 60 Sulphate 32 7 17| 1 9 86|3 10 57 Lau t)r t Carbonsts of Soda 2 Bla un sls 1%., 4 HIN 4A 7158 0 Muriate of Ammonia $2: 18 1011). 2) 1 58156 491-9 D 88] 39 BI-4 6 96 otten Dung 3 16101| 2 19 58|4 15 65 19 54|38 12 54| 3 19 o0 Nitrate of 41 9 « is 2.5] 1 5105 ]|89 4 4 10 Muriate of Potash 161011. S I9 8814 16 “771... 19 66189 LB 6} 4 19 R Phosphate of Ammonia | 35 15 79 | 4 18 36|4 5 Ij.. 8102|40 0 80| 5 7 26 Nitrate of KC: 6-136 si 5 19 1014 18 $0] ! 3 CR Ter D 313] 4-1 09 rem of Potash . |37 14 55| 6 17 12|5 2 93| 1 6 82|42 17 36| 7 8 94 , 58 304 97| 4 18 SIS 3 B} 1 82|43 17 78| 9 5 24 Muriate of Lime Iu 19 wil "X wit 4 7| 5 DU 85| 19 10 41 VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. N 90 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants, There are several points worthy of notice in these experiments, amongst which is the effect of Murare or Lime. In nearly all the experiments which have been made at the Gardens, marked effects have been produced by manures containing Muriatic acid ; hence it was reasonable to conclude beforehand that the Muriate of Lime would prove a good manure. Other considerations gave it a still higher interest ; from previous experiments it had been ascertained that a very small quantity of Muriate of Lime im a soil, exerted, in consequence of its hygrometric properties, powerful influence on the retentive power of the soil for moisture. It was, however, appre- hended that the presence of any quantity of the salt, even though small, might prove injurious to vegetation. The experiments above described shew that this is not the case; the quantity employed was considerable, and so far from doing any harm, it on the con- trary produced a very excellent effect. The experiments on the HYGROMETRIC POWERS OF SOILS, just referred to, were part of an extensive series, undertaken with a view of ascertaining what influence saline manures exert on the retention of moisture. Weighed quantities of natural and artificial soils of various natures were moistened, some with pure water, and others with water holding in solution minute quantities of different saline substances; the soils were carefully weighed from day to day, and the daily loss of water, subtracted from the original quantity of moisture which the soils contained, shewed the relative retentive power of the soil under examination. The ' following short table shews the result of one of those experiments in which twenty-five portions of fine siliceous sand weighing 2000 grains each, were each moistened with 500 grains of pure water, and weighed every day. To the first five portions nothing but the water was added, the next five received in addition one grain of Muriate of Lime, the next five two grains of that salt, the next five, five grains, and the remainder ten grains of the Muriate. By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 91 The mean of each five weighings, alone is given; the numbers shew the weight of water retained by each portion during the experiment. One Grain | Two Grains | Five Grains| Ten Grains Water only. | Muriate of | Muriate of | Munate of | Muriate of Lime. Lim Lime. Lime. Ist day 500 500 500 500 500 24 Do 44 449 353 457 463 3d Do 392 403 408 412 416 4th Do 322 344 352 356 361 5th Do 266 293 305 312 317 6th Do 230 261 273 280 286 7th Do 188 223 236 243 249 132 176 189 197 206 9th Do 129 145 154 163 10th Do 50 93 110 121 134 llth Do 26 68 85 114 12th Do 13 40 57 71 13th Do 8 26 40 56 77 14th Do 2 14 25 39 60 15th Do. 2 9 18 31 52 16th Do. 2 5 12 24 44 In the experiment on Mangel Wurzel, it is remarkable that no effect appeared to be produced by the Sulphate of Ammonia, or by the Super-phosphate of Lime ; two manures which had been expected to produce the most marked effects. When the manures were applied, it was observed that the squares Nos. 12 and 14, looked rather poorer than the others ; the young plants were smaller, and less flourishing; it was for this reason that the two manures supposed to be the most powerful were applied to them, but the plants did not improve, and remained inferior in size and appear- ance to the last. It is proper to state this, or otherwise the expe- riment might appear unfavourable to the use of those manures, which would certainly be an incorrect conclusion.* * The value of these substances, as manures, is every day becoming more evident. The Superphosphate of Lime in particular, is producing excellent effects. At the time when the above-described experiments on Mangel Wurzel were made at the Gardens, my friend, Mr. H. Aglionby, M.P. made others with green round Turnips, on very poor soil, on which the superphosphate produced a larger crop than any other manure. In these experiments, Sulphate of Ammonia, drilled in under the seed, failed entirely ; on very chalky soil the whole crop was destroyed, and on clayey soil it was evidently greatly injured, though not to the same extent as on chalk. This salt appears to be decidedly best as a top dressing, either mixed with mould or road drift. 92 On the Inorganic Constituents of Plants. As has already been stated, the series of practical experi- ments in these crops were undertaken with a chemical object in view ; it is almost unnecessary to observe, that the relative quan- tity of produce obtained by each manure, was a matter of com- paratively secondary importance; the main object was to connect changes in chemical composition, or quality, with the action and absorption of inorganic manures. In attaining these objects, the richness or variable composition of the soil, exerts little influ- ence, though in judging of the relative practical effects of the manures employed, it causes such irregularities and discrepancies, as to take from the results all pretensions to rigid accuracy in that respect. Very marked differences were produced in the plants experimented on, by the salts applied; and it now remains to investigate the quality and nature of the substances absorbed by the different crops thus manured. The result of that investigation will be the subject of a future communication to the Society. 38, Bedford Row, Jan. 10, 1844. [ 93 ] IV. The result of some Experiments in the Garden of the Society on the action of Fertilizing Agents upon the Lawn. (Communicated by the GARDEN COMMITTEE.) Laxz all places, which have been long cultivated, the Garden of the Horticultural Society is by no means well suited to experi- ments with manures. Nevertheless it has appeared desirable to employ it for such ends, quantum valet, and accordingly, among other things, attempts have been made to ascertain the effects of various manuring agents upon the grass of lawns. The results of these experiments are now detailed. The lawn in the Societys Garden was the scene of operations, and the experiments were necessarily brought to a close in the beginning of May, before the grass could run up into hay ; so that the results about to be mentioned do not express the quantity of produce per acre with reference to a hay crop, but merely the relative productiveness of the ground under equal circumstances. The notes upon them were made at four different times during the season, first in November, shortly after the application of the manures; secondly, in the beginning of February ; thirdly, in the beginning of April, and fourthly, on the day when the grass was cut and weighed. The printed remarks are the substance of all such notes, but more particularly of those made at the time when it was cut. Each experiment occupied one rod of ground, and great care was taken that the soil and lawn should be as nearly as possible the same in each experiment. A part of the trials was made in the months of October and November 1842, the remainder in March 1843, with a view to a determination of the difference which season makes in the application of such substances. The following table shews with what success. 94 Experiments on Lawns. Date of | Date of | Substances | Quantity P a y Produce per|Produce per No. Ame cutting used. per acre. | acre green. | acre dry. Remarks. 184 1843 T. Cwt. lbs.| T $ . .lbs. T. Cwt. Ibs. 1 | Oct. 21.| May 4. | Woolwich | 2tons. | 2 18 64| 0 8 64 |No perceptible difference Verwa this Humus. square and the ordinary gr 2| Ditto. | Ditto. Soot. 2cwt. | 218 64| 0 8 64 Slightly greener than the ordinary grass. 3 | Ditto. | Ditto a of | l ewt. 3 8 64| 0 11 48 [Rather greener and longer, but no oda. very perceptible difference. 4 : : é Ditto. | Ditto Ditto, 2ewt. | 3.17 16 | 0 15 80 [Like the last, but slightly greener. 5 i i ; Ditto. | Ditto Reed of | 1 cwt. 3 864| 0 11 50 |Very slightly greener than the com- otash. mon grass. 6 itto. ; : £ Ditto Ditto. Ditto. 2 cwt. 4 12 96 | 0 15 80 |Greener and much stronger than the last. 7 itto. i Ditto Ditto. am ces of | 2 ewt. 3 11 48 | 0 11 50 |No perceptible difference between this OM: and the ordinary grass in colour, but rather thicker and longer. 8 | Ditto. i itto. | Ditto. | Gas water. |320 gall| 6 8 64| 1 1 50 (Quite burnt and brown in 48 hours after application and to all appear- ance dead, but th s recover in 10 days, and in a month became quite green. The white clover At destroye 9 | Ditto. i 3 vines Ditto. | 640gall.} 6 718| 1 4 34 [Much burnt like the last, and in less time, the s e be to recover in t 14 days, but part of the was quite killed. at which reco- uch stronger than any in the preceding square, the clover was entirely destroyed. 10 | Ditto i T i Ditto Gas Lime. | 1ton. | 4 8 64 | 0 15 80 Slightly greener than the common grass but rather thicker. 11 | Ditto. i : itto. | Ditto. Ditto. | 2tons. | 3 432| 0 12 98 |Like the last; slightly greener but rather slenderer than the common grass. 12 | Ditt i o. | Ditto, dias Bane of | 25Ibs. | 2 0 0| 0 7 16 |No difference in colour, but rather _ slenderer and thinner than the ordi- aT oi nary grass. tto. | Ditto. i Ditto. 50 lbs. | 2 0 0| 0 8 64 Like the Pier iach - colour, but f stiffer in appearar 14 | Ditto. | Di : "UN Ditto. 1001bs.| 2 12 96 | 0 12 96 Like hc preceding in epo but ra- is er stronger and a little longer. Ditto. | Ditto. i v cha of |2cwt. | 2 10 0| 0 7 16 [Rather injurious at first, afterwards no 3 visible difference between this. and 3 : the ordinary grass. Ditto. | Ditto. [Charcoal dust.| 9 cwt. $3756 0| 0 tig No perceptible difference between this and the ordinary grass. Experiments on Lawns. 95 Date of | Date of | Substances Penge nre prre: per Applica- | cuttin w used. r acre. | acre g acre dry. Remarks. tio the gras 1842. 1843. T. Cwt. lbs.|} T.Cwt.] 17 | Oct. 21.| May 4. | Chloride of | 1 cwt. 4 32| 014 32 ‘Partially burnt in a week after appli- ~ ime. ation, and th ing seemed to injure the roots as well as the tops. After the grass rec here was no perceptible difference between it so t mmon grass, but the clo- r grew remarkably st ny in this wien the following sprin 18 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 2 cwt. 3 148| 0 8 6 |More burnt than the last, ori much injur red. Clover dig and abundant in the spring. 19 | Ditto, Ditto. | Sulphate of | 25 lbs. 2 148; O0 5.B0 M V ose effect on the grass, Copper. eeds left alive, but "the erm vote thee ured. 20 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 501bs. | 2 180] O0 5 80 |Like the last. 21 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 100 Ibs.} 210 0| O 7 16 |Like the last. ^ ^ "ed ewt. 37 22 | Ditto. | Ditto. Daniel's Ibs.or 801 2 580| 0 7 18 |No effect. gallons 23 | Ditto. | Ditto. Gypsum. |320]1bs| 2 716| O 716 No effect. 21 | Ditto. | Ditto. NOTHING. 2 1432| 0 864 25 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Gypsum. |6401bs| 2 296| 0 5 82 - enisi difference in colour but appeared sle than in eria “of the two preceding squares. 26 | Ditto. | Ditto. Gypsum [|3201bs.| 217 16| 011 0 | Very much burnt in 48 hours after and application ; Pe cm to recover in 10 Gas water. |160 gall. ys, e very green and long, but not so strong or so fine as the next square 27 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 6491bs.| 5 14 32| 1 2 96 |Like the preceding very much burnt ; mixed ch longer in recovering ; it after- with 320 strong gallons. Some of the grass in this square was killed, but the remainder co- vered the p. of which was estroy: 28 | Ditto. | Ditto. Guano. 2cwt. | 2 148| 0 8 64 | Very slightly but perceptibly greener than the ordinary grass. 29 | Oct. 25. | May 9. Ges rd 320gall| 6 298| 1 4 32 |This - slightly marked the grass, ed with d did not destroy the top. It be- Pierres 20 Ibs. aie ery green in a much shorter — y ihe s Daisies a d moss w tme, a Kd ré clover 30 | Ditto. | Ditto. water |320 gall| 5 866| 1 0 o |Like the preceding in colour and other ed with respects, except that v is not quite Sulphate of | 20 Ibs. so strong; little or no clover ap- Iron, peared in this sq 31 | Ditto. | Ditto. |Gas water 320 gall| 5 8 64| 0 18 64 | Not nearly so fine as the two preced- sulphate of ing squares, but very green, ia copper. 20 lbs, me of clover; but no weeds, 96 Experiments on Lawns, Date of | Date of | Substances {Quantity |Produce per|Produce per} No. | Applica-| cutting used. per acre. | acre green. | acre dry. Remarks. tion. |the grass 1842. 1843. T. Cwt. Ibs-| T. Cwt. Ibs. 32 | Oct, 25. | May 9. |Gas water and| 320 gall. 5 2 96 1 0 0 {Stronger and thicker € the last, Chloride of but not so long; in er respects Li 80 lbs. - the same; no clover. 33 | Ditto. | Ditto. Corrosive |20 gall. | 2 434| 0 7 16 |No difference — this and the Sublimate. |ofthe sa- ordinary grass; certainly not inju- turated rious; worms abundant in this solution. square. 34 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Wood Ashes | 4 cwt. 1 17 16 | 0 4 32 | Grass very thin. 35 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Gypsum. 2 cwt. 1 432| 0 298 | Grass very thin. 36 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 4 cwt. 118 64 | O 4 32 |The grass a little longer, but nearly as in the preceding square ; rather yel- low. cwt. lbs. 37 | Nov. 7. | Ditto. Sulphur. 2 96| 11432| 0 4 32 | Rather yellow and stunted. : : Gas liquor. | 240 gall. f ith a little weak 38 | Ditto. | Ditto. Water. 240 gall. 3 14 32 0 12 98 €—— n and fine wi 39 | Ditto Ditto c quc S paN: 2 582| 0 8 64 |Less robust and green than the pre- 3 x Water. 280 gall. ceding. : : ~ liquor. | 160 gall. d green than the last. 40 | Ditto. | Ditto. Water. 320 gall. 2 296| 0 7 16 | Less strong and gre : : Gas liquor. | 120 gall. : 41 | Ditto Ditto. Sai 360 gall. 2 117| 0 7 O |Like the last. 42 | Ditto. | Ditto, | Gas liquor. | 8083. | 3 37 16 | o 4 34 | Very slight difference se oe ater. 0 gall. and the ordinary grass; ener. : : Gas liquor. | 40 gall. this 43 | Ditto. | Ditto. 3 1 296| 0 2 98 | Hardly any difference between Water. 0 gall. and » ordinary grass; slightly greene i Ditto. | Bone ngs 7 16| 1 580] 0 298|) No perceptible difference between 45 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Ditt 64} 10 2| 0 296 these and the ordinary grass. Th 46 | Ditto. | Ditto. Sud of 1 48| 1 298]| P 9:98 grass appeared tough when cut. 47 | Nov. 9. | Ditto. | Strongnitric| 10 gall.| 3 296| 0 8 64|Much greener and longer than the acid. ordinary grass. 18 | Ditto. | Ditto. |Strongmuria- 10 gall. | 3 0 0| O0 8 64 |Longer but not greener than the ordi- tic aci nary grass. 49 | Ditto Ditto. | Nitro-muria-| 10 gall. | 2 14 32| 0 7 16 | No visible difference. tic acid. 50 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Pearlash. |3ct.4lb| 1 17 6| © 4 34 |Rather injurious; burnt the grass at first. 51 | Ditto. | Ditto. |Grass cuttings| 4 tons. | 1 8 64| 0 2 98 |Strong and green in January; no rotted wi perceptible difference in April. Pro- : : bably — dl es cold pary 52 | Ditto. | Ditto rate. l ton. | 117 16| 0 432 |No differ this and mm 53 | Ditto. | Ditto obl ar| lton. | 1 15 80| 0 434 |Very green and strong in January, tificial manur re but no difference between it and the No. 3. ordinary grass in April. See No. 51. 54 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Woolwich | 1ton. | 210 0| 0 7 18 [Slighti ly greener in January and thicker Humus. but in April hardly saj in co- d from the o See : Lance's o. 51. 7 oret cut. 55 | Ditto. | Ditto, Carbon. lton. | 115 80/|0 4 32 No effect. The grass appeared tough Experiments on Lawns. 97 Date of| Date of | Substances |Quantity |Produce per|Produce per : No.|Applica-| cutting used. per acre. {acre green Remarks. tio the grass. 1842. 1843. T. Cwt. Ibs.| T. Cwt. 1 56 | Nov. 9. | May 9. | Bone dust 1 ton 1 15 80] 05 80. Slightly stronger, but not greener. 57 | Ditto Ditto. Cis i o 1 ton 1 434| 0 2 98 |Hardly so strong as the ordinary tic compost grass, but a little greener in January. 58 | Ditto. | Ditto. |Dutch manure} 2 cwt. 2 716| O 7 16 |Thicker but not greener than the or common grass. Black powder. 59 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Sulphate of | 4 cwt. 1 12 96 | 0 4 32 | No perceptible difference between this Sod and the ordinary state of the grass. oittevi 60 | Nov. 23.| Ditto. |highly concen-| 124 cwt.| 2 7 16| 0 7 16 |Slightly greener and thicker than trated manu common. oittevins 61 ces Ditto. | disinfected | 124 cwt.| 1 18 64| 0 4 34 | No effect. 843. anure. 62 |March 1| Ditto. | Nitrate of | 2 cwt. 4 148| 01296 ver strong and e xe oda. very rapid after the fi 63 | Ditto Ditto. | Gas water. {320 gall.| 7 11 48{ 1 2 96 |Much burnt in 4 days; quite brown ; reco n 10 days; on the Ist of April and strong. is was less inj by the Gas water than when applied in the autumn, but a great part of grass aged by the cutting, although it was wet weather after it was cut. It eventually vered. No clover or other plants made their ap 64 | Ditto, | Ditto. Gypsum. 320 Ibs.| 3 148] 010 0 |Thicker, but not greener than the ordinary grass. 65 | Ditto. | Ditto. | Woolwich | 1 ton. 2 864| 0 8 64 | No perceptible effects. Humus 66 | Ditto. | Ditto. |Gas water and|160gall.| 7 0 2| 1 0 2]|Not so much Manis mde 63 ; yet Gypsum. | 160 lbs. very brown zones ; recovered in 7 days; ih n and strong, and was ot. Tp by the the cutting The cl nearly destroyed. - 67 | Ditto. | Ditto. P$ Sulphate] 320 Ibs. | 5 7 18 | 0 17 18 | Partially burnt in 4 days when fi of Ammonia applied; recovered in 14 days, tol became very strong and well having been cut. 68 | Ditto. | Ditto. Ditto. 6401s.| 7 148] 1 0 2 e the last ; sce itae raa at first but much injured afterwar when me; in some parts mé grass d vesc da = the remainder soon e more vigo- joi fim int preceding. The se- wth was very strong and 69 |March 3.| Ditto. wa 160 gal.| 3 8 66| 0 11 48 |Rather greener than the common Sulphuric acid| 160 Ibs. grass, and — but not so thick, and Chloride i beg cipue to lose its colour before it Li 160 Ibs. 70 | Ditto. | Ditto. Pure $cwt. | 411 48| 0 14 32 Slightly greener than the common Phosphate of but thicker, This became Ammonia. rénier thi longer it Mood. and it produced a finer texture and thicker grass, but not longer. VOL 111, 2ND. SERIES. 0 98 Experiments on Lawns. It is no doubt true that these, like all other single experiments, are open to objection ; and that the conclusions to which they seem to point cannot be regarded as entirely satisfactory. Never- theless they are by no means undeserving consideration. In every case the manures in which Ammonia is a principal ingredient proved by far the most effectual. For example while unmanured ground produced of dry grass per acre, 8 cwt. 64 lbs., and Nitrate of soda, and Nitrate of Potash, at 2 cwt. per acre yield- ed only 15 cwt. 80 lbs., Ammoniacal manures gave as follows: Gas water fixed with Sulphate of iron, 1 ton; the same mixed with © Bleaching powder, 1 ton ; Gas water alone, (320 gallons per acre), l ton 1ewt.501bs.; Gas water fixed with Gypsum, 1 ton 2 cwt. 96 lbs. ; the same fixed with Sulphuric acid, 1 ton 4 cwt. 32 lbs. ; the same alone (640 gallons per acre), 1 ton 4 ewt. 34 lbs. It also appeared that BrrgAcurwa Powpzn (Chloride of lime) produces effects nearly equal to those of Nitrate of soda. For 2 cwt. of soda yielded per acre, 15 cwt. 80 Ibs., while 1 ewt. Bleach- ing powder, produced 14 cwt. 32 Ibs. This, however, was only when the Bleaching powder did not exceed 1 cwt. an acre; when the quantity was doubled the produce sank to 8 ewt. per acre ; and as the grass was burnt by even the smaller quantity, it is not impro- bable (and certainly merits enquiry) that half a cwt. per acre would have produced a still better effect. | | It was also found that 160 gallons of Gas warer and 160 lbs. of Gypsum produced, under exactly equal circumstances, as much dry grass as 640 lbs. of pure sulphate of Ammonia ; viz., 1 ton and 2 lbs. in both cases ; a circumstance of some importance when it is borne in mind that the gas water and gypsum cost scarcely a quar- ter so much as pure sulphate of Ammonia. At the suggestion of Mr. Edward Solly, the effect upon grass of certain reputed Porsoxs was made the subject of enquiry ; when it was found that the following substances had rather a beneficial action, viz., strong Nitric acid, at the rate of 10 gallons per acre, strong Muriatie acid at the same rate; and that Corrosive Subli- Experiments on Lawns. 99 mate, at the rate of 20 gallons of the saturated solution per acre, and Nitromuriatic acid, at the rate of 10 gallons per acre, only lowered the produce to the extent of 1 cwt. 48 Ibs. per acre. It has been found that the appearance of the grass when grow- ing, and its quantity when first cut, are no guides to the actual value of a given manure ; for it appears that in some instances the quantity of mere water contained in the grass is very considerably greater than in others. For example the priep produce obtained from grass treated with Muriate of lime was only 1-7 of the original weight; but Sulphate of soda, Nitrate of potash, Nitrate of soda, in small quantity, and Gas water alone, furnished 1-6; and Nitrate of potash, Nitrate of soda, in larger quantity, Gas water mixed with Sulphuric acid, or with Sulphate of iron, or with bleaching powder, gave 1-5; while the lime used in purifying gas by the moist way yielded 1-3. So that while 1 ton of fresh grass produced by means of gas lime would yield dry 6 cwt. 74 lbs., 1 ton from Nitrate of potash, Nitrate of soda, in large quantities, Gas water mixed with Sulphuric acid, or with Sulphate of iron, or with Bleaching powder, give but 4 ewt.; 1 ton from Sulphate of Soda, Nitrate of potash, Nitrate of soda in small quantities and Gas water alone, give only 3 cwt. 37 lbs. ; while 1 ton from Muriate of lime yields so little as 2 cwt. 961bs. or considerably less than half as much as the first. Among the manures which produced xo zrrrcr on this occasion was Woolwich Humus, a substance consisting of ancient decayed vegetable remains found in excavating some docks at Woolwich, Soot, Sulphate of iron, Guano; while Poittevin's manure, Dutch manure, Clarke’s Aimatic compost, Lance's Carbon, and Chatwin's artificial manure all diminished the quantity of dry grass more or less. It does not however follow that they are prejudicial, or even useless ; because Woolwich humus, which in these experiments was of no value, was found in the Kitchen garden a very useful sub- stance. It is possible that the manner of application, a top dressing, or the season, autumn, were unfavourable to their action. 100 Experiments on Lawns. Note by Mr. E. Solly. It is, I think necessary to observe, that, notwithstanding all the care that was taken in selecting the ground, the turf which formed the subject of the preceding experiments, varied greatly in quality : each experiment was made it is true on a small space of ground, but as the number of experiments was considerable, the space over which the whole series extended was necessarily large; and in- cluded a considerable variety of turf, hence it is impossible to com- pare the produce of the different squares with the ordinary un- manured grass of the Lawn, as the quantity of the latter is very variable. The produce of the standard square No. 24, was 8 ewt. 64 lbs. dry hay, whilst that of No. 44 which had been manured with 7 cwt. of Bone ash, was only 2 cwt. 98 lbs. dry hay, which is about the quantity which would have been given by a similar square without any manure at this part of the lawn. In the same way, it may be remarked that the superior produce of the strong mineral acids, Nos. 47, 48 and 49 over that of Bone ash, Nos. 44 and 45, is in part due to the difference naturally existing between the soil and turf where the experiment was made. The experiments with ammoniacal compounds are amongst the most satisfactory, and in those the increase of produce is so large as to be quite independent of variations in the soil, &c. It is rather unfortunate that the strength of Gas liquor varies very greatly, so that the same quantity at one season of the year frequently contains much more ammonia than at others. The Gas liquor used in these experiments was very strong; every gallon required about 4670 grains of the strongest Sulphuric acid to neutralise the ammonia, and on evaporation left nearly 20 oz. of crystallised Sulphate of ammonia. The Gas liquor commonly employed is much weaker; some used in the garden the preceding year, required only about 1600 grains of acid per gallon, and gave 7 oz. of the crystallised salt. The object which I had in the experiments 38 to 43, was to ascertain what quantity of Gas liquor produced the maximum effect Experiments on Lawns. 101 which could be advantageously obtained, or rather what was the largest quantity which could be profitably employed as manure. It is evident that this experiment was not carried out quite far enough as the maximum of produce was not obtained. No. 38 to which 240 gallons of Gas liquor, equal to 300 lbs. of Sulphate of ammonia, was applied, produced a far better crop than No. 39 which received 200 gallons or 250 lbs. of the salt: the increase of grass being in a much greater proportion than the increased quantity and cost of the manure. "There appears to be little doubt that in situations where Gas liquor can be had readily, and applied without difficulty, it is preferable to Sulphate of ammonia ; but on the other hand, the latter, though rather more expensive, can be spread more easily, and is far less costly in carriage. [ 103 ] V. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by plants at different periods of the day. By the Vice Secretary. (Communicated by the GARDEN COMMITTEE.) Tue great differences that occur in nature between the relation of plants to the atmosphere, at different periods of the day, do not appear to have often suggested the necessity of observing the degree in which vegetation is affected by such circumstances in their rate of growth. And yet we must suppose that the develope- ment of a plant under the influence of a bright sun, or in a damp and clouded atmosphere, in a cool night, or in a chilly morning be- fore sunrise, will be materially dissimilar. It is in very few cases, however, that physiologists have turned their attention to such variations. For this reason, and more especially because the operations of the forcing gardener are very much connected with . the enquiry, a series of observations upon the subject was made four times daily, in the Garden of the Society, by Mr. James Donald, during the months of March and April 1843. The plants selected for Experiment were a Sweet willow (Salix pentandra) a Fig, the Onyx Passionflower, (Passiflora onychina), and a Vine. The place in which the observations were made was a damp curvilinear stove, used for the cultivation of tropical plants; its average temperature being 69°; that is 73° by day and 65° by night. The plants were fastened as they grew, to a lath, on which the amount of lengthening was marked off four times a day, viz. at 6 A.M. ; Noon; 6 P.M. ; and 11 P.M. 104 Upon the rate of growth by Plants 1. Observations on the elongation of the Sweet vee AR spei S — pum of Pon day and night, in a curvilinear stove— average tempera- (+ = : ] External : A External * : À coa Tem e s g External Tempera- 1043. 2 E ture and oon s E tere and reci B E and Remar E H ture and Remarks. nm é 8 E 4 E a & a BSS Mar. 1 |6 A.M.| 0.00| 31° Cloudy Noon | 0.1 ? Clo 6 P.M. 0.12, 40° Clear 1 P.M. 0.13, 33° Clear 0.43 2| — 0.10| 23? Ditto — 0.26 36° Bright wA — 0.20 42^ Fine — 0.20 33° inc Y 3| — 0.25| 24? Clear — 0.26 — 0.26 | 42" Clear — 0.10| 27* Ditt 4| — |*«042| 30? Cloudy — 0.31| 37? Made xs — |+0.45| 41° Ditto — 0 17| 27° Ditto 5 5| — | 0.19| 18° Ditto (rain) — |+0.40| 35° Cloudy — 0.18| 46^ Fine — 0.10| 34^ Ditto 0.87 6| — | 0.10| 31° Ditto — 0.20 39° Ditto — 0.09 44^ Clear — 0.07 33° Clear us 7| — .07 | 20? Fo — 40.5 4 Ditto — 030| 46° Foggy — 0.12! 32° Foggy . 8| — .10| 24? Ditto — 0.0 Clear — 0.21| 45^ Clear — 0.15| 31? Cl 53 9| — .18| 28? Cloudy — |*048| 37° Cloudy — | 0.13| 38? Cloudy = 0.10 | 30? Cloudy 0.89 : — .14 | 24° Ditto — 0.20 | 39^ Ditto — | 0.15| 44^ Ditt — 0.27 | 38° Ditto he — |+0.40| 28? Ditto -— 0.17 Di — 0.11 | 47 Ditto — 0.10 | 41° Very dark . 2| — MES 40° — — 0.13 | 46^ Ditto — | 0.13| 50° Ditto — 0.14 | 47° Dark ee — ).2 — |+0.43| 44° Cl — | 0.20] 52° Ditto — 0.20| 45° Very dark ‘ 1 | — | 0.39) 43° Cloudy — | 0.11] 51° Fine — | 0.19} 56° Ditto -— 0.12 | 48° Overcast 81 | — ).15 | 45° Ditto — | 0.15| 51° Cloudy — | 0.25| 57° Ditto = 0.18 ark (rain) || 0.73 )j| — ).22 | 45? Foggy — 0.16 Bright s wa 0.28 | 57° Fine — 0.12 | 41? Cloudy (do.) || 0.78 — ).21 | 29° Ditto =~ 0.11 | 49° Very bright — | 0.06) 64° Ditto — |—0.05 Clear 43 — ge E = — 0.16 | 49° Ditto — | 0.23| 67^ Ditto — 0.14 | 46? Ditto pa — itto — 0.22| 47° Foggy — 0.11| 55° Foggy — 0.10 Very dark : 20| — | 0.19| 41° Ditto — | 0.33| 51° Bright — | 0.25| 63° Cloudy — | 0.15| 52° Cloudy (rain)|| 0.92 ‘ — | 0.34] 45° Ditto — 0.22| 52° Over — | 0.14, 59° Ditto — 0.11| 51° Ditto (do 81 22| — | 0.38] 47° Ditto — 0.23| 56° Flying clouds || — | 0.15| 61° Fine — 0.13 | 52° Ditt 89 j| — 0.39| 46° Cloudy — 0.12| 54° Bright sun — 0.28| 60° Ditto = 0.15 Cl 0.94 i| — | 0.31] 42° Ditto — 0.16| 56° Fin — | 0.11] 64° Ditto — 0.09 | 49? Ditto 0.67 j| — | 0| 41° Hazy — 0.11| 48? Ditto — 0.16 | 55^ Ditto = 0.10 | 44° Cloudy 04 j| — | 044| 36° Cl — .22| 45^ Ditto — 0.24| 51° Flyingclouds|| — 0.12| 40? Dark 0.72 -— | 94096 Cloudy — | 010| 40° Di — | 0.10| 46^ Fine — | 0.10| 38° Ditto 0.40 )| — | 0.15| 38° Ditt — 0.11| 45° Ditto — | 023, 51° Ditto = 0.08 | 33° Ditto 0.57 ‘ cur ME ed Hs — oe 46° Cl — | 0.25| 56° Ditto = 0.10 a l : ‘ =o sloudy — 0.16| 51° Fine — 0.21 | 54° Ditt RM 0.20| 51? Dark (rain 31| — | 0.12 Ditto — | 0.17| 55° Cloudy — | 0.07| 58° Clea — |+0.05| 49° Cloud 4l AMelp- DD — | 0.10| 55° Di — | 0.17| 59° Cloudy — | 0.08| 52? Ditto 0.39 See ).15 i — 0.10| 56° Fine -—..1 ° Ditt S 0.06 | 50° Dark 0.41 (TTE pem roo Tt ET BE id — | 6.13) 61^ Fine — | 0.06) 49° chet = . i ~ 3 ear — | 0.16| 57° Ditto 2 0.15 | 48° Ditto . 5| — | 0.16| 41° Ditto — | 0.25| 52° Cloudy DAE ? Cloud am 0.09| 44° Ditto 0.60 6| — ).10| 38? Ditto — 0.10} 52° Ditto — 0.10} 55? Dido. 0.10| 51? Cloudy 0.40 — | 0.19| 51° Ditto — | 0.06| 57? Ditto — | 0.08| 62? CI — | 0.15| 50° Ditto 0.48 dedii Oe — | 9,20) 53° Ch — | 0.14| 59° Ditto — | 0.15| 45° Ditto 0.66 Š tu i ohet; Ciy — | 0.14| 46° Cloudy — | 0.14| 47° Cloudy — | 0.20| 38° Ditto 0.61 mq ey | a — | 0.14) 44° Clear — | 0.12] 50° Ditto — | 0.09| 34° Clear t — | 0.11! 22° Ditto E i 42 Pent sun — | 0.10} 49° Fine — | 0.11] 31° = m "t 2. i Pads R : i — | 0.15] 48° Ditto — 0.16 | 33° Ditto - 4 = 0.06 20° Oras D 2 4 Di = 0.14 | 48° Ditto ra 0.12| 31? Ditto = ee as ines — | 914| 48° Cloudy — | 0.36| 54? Cloudy — | 0.13| 48° Cloudy hes j| — 0.19| 47° Clear 2E apes Ditto — 0.12| 58° Ditto ice 0.12 | 52? Ditt M yi — | oM, a DES — | 910|56'Cler [sun| — | 0.10| 63° Clear — | 0.10| 51° Clear 24 || — [ooti 33° Ditto — | 0.20) 57° Very bright || — | 0.16| 65° Fine — | 0,06) 49° Ditto "e ) | — | 0.07| 35° Ditto cs 0.07 | 52° Ditto — | 0.07, 67° Ditto — 0.08| 50° Ditto " || — | 0201 41* =. v = oe sun — | 0.09, 63° Ditto E 0.08 | 48^ Ditto 0 ^8 1 dd 0.21 E t : "germ 0.1 70 Ditt — 0.13 Ditto j| — L 9.05 ree Di ee De — | 0.07| 65° Ditto — |—0.:03| 50° Cloudy (rainy 0.38 | a T oaiae -16| 52° Ditto — | 0.10| 59? Ditto = ] 0 ear z i | — |—0.05| 28° Foggy — | 910| 51° Very bright || — | 0.15| 60° Ditto — 0.1 to 51 >| — | 0.11| 27? Cloudy d Mes i Le gs ved — | 0.08) 60 Di — 0.16 | 33? Cloudy (rain) x 5 í : = 0.10| 34? Ditto (rain) e - usi ‘05 45° ls M Hes AA mi Em I 40° me (rain) 0.32 27 | — | 0.11| 34° Fine — |—0.05 | 49° Di de Da i me 0.34 : dn : — | 0.09] 60° Ditt ite 3 Clear 28 0.06 33° Cloudy — 0.14| 50° Cloudy — 0.10| 54° ci — Bes 03 | 48° loud — 29 | — |—0.04| 40° Ditto (ditto) | — |—005]| 52° Di deer d I ies 021 30| — 0.08| 43? Di A x : E . : May TER 0.14) 49° e 0.08 61° Fine — 0.08 | 69° Fine — 0.10 ? Ditto 0.34 : mom 0.18 | 59° Ditto — 0.12! 70? Di o Ci 0.54 2| — |-0.05| 42° Cloudy — | 0.14| 61° Ditto — | anto neas me | ofi Be Dit 0.48 dim Pe — | 0.20] 54° Bright sun | — | 0.15| 66° Di = | os| so Ditto 0.64 5 wes Me 44 Qu — 0.16 60° Ditto iiis 0.1 66? Ditto 0.2 0? Ditto 0.62 em ; — 0.11| 60? Clear adi i o Wm j bons 0. 6| — | 0,20) 42° Hazy (rain) | — | 0.14) 44° Cloudy c eel oe ee T5090 St, pmo i 3| — | 09r G — | 0.19| 52° Ditto 0.20| 59° Ditto =~ | edel ac Dito mo . — 0.20 i 10.93| = .160 average. 11.13] = .16 x .163 average, 10.42| — .153 average, 8.15| = .119 average. Quat. 25 eRe AID p Ur a Ah aget MOMS e ROS i er UE MANT a n C E PI S ERE EPIO d deis Teer wood 5 z S AMPLE T ae Te META EE Ret RENT NNUS RW WS D at different periods of the Day. 2. Observations on the elongation of the Fig at different periods of the day and night, in a curvilinear stove—average temperature 69°. (+ = above .15 — = .05) below o 1 H Sri Tempera- i Ed External Tem ^ g : i External Te s a. 1843. E i e and Nan. E E ture and Remarks. B 4 tc raph a end E E ture and Semen. j 4 Fl E 8 a [s] a S 4 Mar. 1/6 A.M| 0. 31° Cloudy Noon | 0.10] 35° Cloudy 6 P.M.|- 0.15 | 40° Clear 11 P.M.| 0.09| 33? Clear 0.34 2| — 0.06 | 23? Ditto — 10| 36? Bright sun E 11| 42? Fine n 0.09 | 33° Cloudy 0.36 3| — | 0.09| 24? Clear — 0.07 | 35? Very di — 0.06 | 42? Clear — 0.06 | 27? Ditto 0.28 4| — | 008| 30° Cloudy — | 0.3|37^?Flyingclouds| — | 0.12| 41° Ditto — | 0.08} 27° Ditto 0.41 e| — | 0108] 18) Ditto (rain) || — | 0.09] 35° Cloudy — | 0.14| 46? Fine — | 0.12| 34° Ditto 0.44 a: " 31? pro — 0.10 | 39° Ditto — | 0.14} 44° CI — 0.10 pod ^ad oes : oggy — | 0.08| 34° Ditto — | 0.08 | 46° Fo « pg oggy 4 8| — | 0.06} 24° Ditto — 0.0 ° Clea — 0.0 ^ Clear — 0.10 * Cl 0.29 1} — | 0.08| 28° Cloudy — | 0.07| 37° Cloudy — |+0.05| 38° Cloudy — | 0.08| 30° Cloudy 0.28 )| — | 0.10| 24? Ditto Re 0.06 | 39? Ditto — | 0.07| 44° Ditto — | 0.12] 38° Ditto 0.35 — | 009| 28° Ditto — |40.17 | 43? Ditto — | 0.06 | 47° Ditto — | 0.08| 41° Very dark 0.40 s ME = — — | 0.09} 46° rs — | 0,09) 50° Mer — vi s i z oe i : e — 0.06 | 44? Clear — 0.10 | 52? Ditto — LO. ery Dar ; io 44 | 49^ Cloudy — 0.08 | 51° Fine — 0.12 | 56? Ditto — 0.10 | 48° Overcast 0.34 — | 0.09) 45 Ditto — | 0.09| 51° Cloudy — | 0.10] 57° Ditto — | 0.06] 49° Dark (rain) || 0.34 = COME S Fo — |+0.17| 54? Bright sun || — | 0.09| 57° Fine — | 0.00) 40 Cloudy (do.) || 0.44 — | 0.11] 29° Ditto — |—0.04| 49° Very bright — .04 | 64? Ditto — 0.13 | 40° Clear 32 uz Sce tl nil — |—0 05| 49? Ditto — [—0.04 | 67° Ditto — | 0.06 i i 0.20 Nl wal ros — | 0.09| 47° Fo — | 0.09| 55* F ac | oM i ai | — | 008 41° Ditto — Lool 51° Bright — | 0.06| 63? Cloudy — | 007] 52° Cloudy (rain)|| 0.25 Sl. | 15 15 Dito — | 0.09| 52° Overca — | 0.06) 59° Ditt — | 0.07] 512 Ditto (ao) | 0.29 > M EE one pis Ditto — |—0.05| 56° Flying clouds|| — 0.07 A Fine — 0.06! 52° Ditto MA 2 04 46 Cloudy — /—0.00| 54° Bright sun — |—0.04| 60? Ditto i .04 5c! ` 2| — | 008} 42 Ditto — 03 | 56° Fine — |—o.03| 64° Di — [—0.03| 49° Ditto 0.12 E = | sel aecer | = [em ime — | = | Soe SE Mptecmal] — om ae dee” | 022 27 : ar oa 0.06 | 45? Ditto — 0 ying clo — i é » Z [ 994| 36 Cloudy — | 0.06| 40? Ditto — | 0.06| 46? Fine — |—0.04| 38° Di 0.20 s9| _ | 007| 38° Ditto x. 05 | 45° Ditto — |+0.05| 51° Ditto — | 0.08] 33° Ditto 0.25 Bl [52 Clear — |—0:04 | 46° Clear — |+0.05 | 56° Ditto de i n 0.19 "| = | ota] 49° Dio” = |015| 852 Cloud — | 6.06 | 58° Cier = Pole Duk -— 07 x NR. +0. Li 55 = ou — * * e € . ind T Ia Deui De — | otal ea mio (min) | — | o10 59? Cloudy — | 0.10) 52° Ditto 081 el Geta — | 0.06| 56° Fine — | 0.06| 59° Ditto — | 0-06) 50 D 0.26 BEIM 48. Ditto (rain) — |—9.05| 57° Cloudy — | 00 ° Fine — | 0.08} 49° ar e 6| — | odela orto dito- | — |. 020; 5s €i — | 0.09| 57 Ditto — | 0.14] 48° Ditto 045 $| — | eis | se Diti T ri ag | eee MT = | Goal er Cloudy 0.25 7| — à ^ d bead => 0.06 Ditt — 0. i = : C 3 | — ee SI Ditto ses 0.06 | 57^ Ditto — | 00 ° CI — | 0.07 ea — n IRE Monet e — | 0.14| 53° Clear — | 04| 59° Ditto — | 906|45 Dit 94i Mi c. | geste Ey — 0.05) 46° Cloudy — |+0.05| 47° Cloudy — [0.05 | 38° Ditto 022 rh eee m — |—0.08| 44° ^ so Di = MN Cr 916 2| — bo. "vs — | 0.05| 42° Bright sun — 0 ine — i i . = gs 2 o Ditto — .04| 42° ^ Ditto — | 0.06| 48° Ditto — 08 | 35, me 4 — boos! oi one -— 1-006 itto — |—0.03| 48° Ditto m ger Dio. ous zi 0.07 „ Overcast — 0.09 48° Cloudy — 0.0 54” Clo — 0.12 — nye ~ 2, Cloudy ~— .05| 55° Ditto — |-0.05| 55^ Ditto — .05 m EM MA Clear ms 0.08| 56° Clear [sun] — 0.07 | 63° CI — 0.14| 51° Clear yn Hg e «e Ditto — 0.11| 57 Very bright — 0.12 65° Fine — MM p oh «t H s ankie US — |+0.22| 57° Ditto — | 0.21| 67° Ditto € 93 50° Di oss | — ee — | 0.11] 52° Bright sun || — |+0.16| 63° Di — |+0.15| 48° Ditto : +0.15| 41° Ditto — |«015| 63* Dith — | 0.2| 70° Ditto — | 0,12] 51° Ditto 54 — | aae | ae Ditto — | 0.06 | 57° Ditto — | 0.12 | 65? Ditto — | 0.09| 50: Cloudy (rain) 0.38 * paoli Det — j 009 Ditto — | 0.13| 59? Ditto = |.02 a; Clear M , E xm Y i — 60^ Ditto — | 006| 43° Ditto ‘ Bi 0.07 o 0.06; 51° Very bright 0.10 , Di 33° Cloudy (rain)|| 0.31 , m 0.11 o» FogEY ge 0.0 ° Bright sun -— 0.09 | 60° Ditto — 0.08 ^ hak 0.39 al ^6 o Cloudy — | 0.14| 47° Fine — | 0.11| 56° Ditto — 03 e "| [ls M Ditto (rain) | — | 0.13| 45° Ditto — | 0.13| 57° Ditto — e 40. Ditto (rain) || 053 be Ow 2 iic : Clear A | — |+020] 33° Cloud x 18m 6 Due mud. yah ot Be ons — | 0.08] 48° Cloudy 0.49 TANDE y (rain)|| — 0.10| 50° Cloudy — | 0.11] 54° Cloudy : 90! = .089 average. | 4.88 | = .085 average. 5.04| = .088 average. 4.50| = .078 average. |19.52 VOL, 111, On | . D. SERI ES. P 106 Upon the rate of growth by Plants | | 1 ga 4 1843. ; g | External Tempera- g External Tempera- 3 ô | External Tempera- Extern E E e Remarks. E E ture and Remarks, i i ture and Remarks, g E pre TE = E B Mar. 1 |6 A.M 0.00| 31° Cloudy Noon | 0.12| 35? o - — 0.24 23° lee — |—0.08 se resi sun say re 4m am LM cse D dam — | 0. lear pan o ; vid : as puer 4| — |-o30| 30° Cloudy = ves j 4 oa a xi 23 42° Clear — 0.31 | 27° Ditt 1 EI 0.14 | 18? Ditto (rain) — — bepress? son ouds|| — 60 4l Ditto — |—0.05| 27 Ditto || = 0.41 Fo m 0.24| 34° Ditt — 0.22, 44 Clear — 0.21 | 33° Clear 0. 8| — | 018| 24° Dit -- DOBISHSP Qr — | 0.14) 46° Foggy — 0.21 | 32° Foggy l )| — | 0.28) 28° Cloudy S, 0.26|-97^ Cloud — | 0.35) 45° Cle — 0.17| 31° CI )| — | 0.28| 24° Di L Loanoh sw Du — | 0.16) 38 Cloudy — | 0.45| 30° Cloudy 1 —. | 0.26| 28° — |0.08! 43° Di i 33| 44° Ditt — 0.19 | 38° Ditto !| — | 0.46} 40° Ditto de 0.37 | 46° Ax — | 0.41| 47° Ditto — 0.33| 41° Very dark ||1 j| eh Oy 2e — 0.19| 44° sand — | 0.49) 50° Ditto — 0.40 | 47^ Dark i | — | 0.55] 43° Cloudy T "vie B e — | 0.50| 52? Ditto pon 0.55| 45° Very dark ||1 j| — 0.56 | 45° Ditto me 0: | 51° Cloud — 0.31| 56? Ditto — 0.26 | 48° Overcast 14i Eb 0 67 | 45° Foggy a he y 54? ei y — 0.41 | 57° Ditto e 0.25| 49° Dark (rain) ||: I | — | 020| 29° Ditto x. oii qp i — | 0.63| 57° Fine ans 0.13| 41° Cloudy ditto || 13 of — 0.21 | 31? Ditto a ule 49° Diet -— 0.31 | 64? Ditto = 0.52| 40° Clear L 19 | — | 0.25| 36° Ditto AS 0.48| 47° aed — | 0.14} 67° Ditto — 0.59 | 46° Ditto 0. 20 | — |+0.70} 41° — | 027| 51° Broke — | 0.53} 55° Foggy — |-0.09| 44° Very L 21| — | 036| 45° Ditto o 33 52° cos ci — | 048| 63° Cloudy - 0.48 | 52° Cloudy (rain) | 1 |— 040 46° Cl — | 0.16) 56° Flying GRE eed: died 76 61^ Fins Er rae ped) ors 5 H i poe — | 050| 54? Bright su ? Ditt ud rco ond à 42° Ditto ME 0.24| 56° Fine ens "un — 29| 60? Ditto — 0.29| 47° Cl l. To 0.60| 41° Hazy MS ers — | 0.50| 64? Ditto — 0.35| 49° Ditto l; — 55| 36° Clear E Gabe — | 032| 55° Ditto — |—0.08| 44° Cloudy E (| 47° Cloudy LÍ 0.27 | 38, Ditto Tae eene a 0.19 us 20| 50° Ditt ae 0.34| 34; Clear : | — | 032| 28° Ditto MERE, cere COD 40 DI, c RM I l. i| — | 0.10! 24° Overcast EE is — [ess] ax? Dac — DM T ^| — | 0.90| 49° Cloudy S T — |«0.8 Z etree j| — | 039| 47° Clear m c Ee RRs hee Cloudy — 11| 4& Cloudy | — | 042] 49° Di - 0.60 Eu ecc diras -— 0.22| 52. Ditto ] eC 022 33° — 0.26 pE 0.60 63° Clear — 0.60 51, Cl T 9»| — | ems iS owe — 0.92 =i} 0.60). 65° Fine — 0.45| 49. 0} — | osia à = |. 0.19 WE abe s] La, — 0.58| 50, Ditto } iis 0.60| 36° Ditto — 0.23 = 0.26 63° Ditto — 0.16| 48, Ditto 2| — | c53| 45^ Ditto — [0% Ba oer Id Di — 0.23 | 51° Ditto — 23| — - — | 934| 65 Ditto E 0.42| 50. Cloudy (rain) nj = 0.50 0.56) 59° Ditto — 0.28 | 51° Clear $$] = — 0.23 — | 0.39) 60° Ditto = 0.34| 43° Ditto = ity MRE — 0.73 ee ° Dit de 0.44 | 33^ Cloudy (rain)|| -—— : 0.15) 56° Ditto = 0.15 | 40° Dark 3.41 EN 22.44 | — .400 average. 16.10 | = .289 average || : "us impiis ng the o be Worth notice in the individual observations. : ener 3 cee m the first Shae d the qup A erais upon the rate of growth of the four plants unde: l though tox soe e dra, by one hou ding it to the fourth; in consequence of the period called the r, while the Night p eriod, or last column, is proportionably too short: w 12 P.M. 6 A.M Noon to | 6 P.M. to to 6 A.M. to noon. | 6 P.M. 12 P.M. orning: | | Forenoon. |afternoon. Night. i Willow .. | 9.37 | + n. 13 1042 | 9.71 . 4 = 4.37 504 | +5.23 3. Passionflower > | 18. 5 Ai + 22.44 18.20 4. Vine 2 [t 15.18 | |. 17.24 17.21 16.02 | 49.87 | 46.66 | 55.11 | 49.16 r examination. Morning in the fo; t Be uides and hich materially at differe $ ifferent periods of the Day. 107 4. Observations on the elongation of the Vine at di i i i An g £ Teg esu ~ uei ege ed in a curvilinear Stove— average temperature 69°. 1 ps a n External Tempera A r4 External T » /—— 1843 ò E] : E o xternal tempera. : 5 External Tempera- E] 1 E E ture and Remarks. É $ ture and Remarks. 2 E ture and Bentirks. E ed seeing 3 P t- : naa cE - 5 ies Esse Noon | 0.20| 35^ Cloudy P.M, 0.34| 40° Clear 11 P.M. 33° Clear 0.66 GL M PT — 0.55 36 Bright sun -— 0.31 | 42° Fine ei 33° Cloud :: i e i ar — 0.62 | 35° Very bright — 0.54| 42? Clear id rd pe — | 0,52} 30° Cloudy — |+0.74| 37° Flyin ° Di eb anie Jp 5| — | 0.22| 18? Ditto (rai ape CO 0.50) 4), Ditto ral 27° Ditto 1.90 25 uei 1 — lea SPARE. — | 038| 46° Fine i 34° Ditto 1.26 — | 049| 20° Foggy f. 0.52| 39 Ditto — | 0.38} 44° Clear SS 33? Clear dpi f; ee 0.33 ? Ditt mS 0.42 34 : t — 0.39| 46° Foggy di 39° Foggy 1.70 — | 0.66| 39° Clear — | 0.54| 45° ° Clear ; 9| — |+0.70| 285 Cloud & I 95 Clear 31° Clear 1.59 E TU =e 0.47| 37° Cloudy — | 0.43} 38° Cloudy dn 30° Cloudy 2.07 S | BH ut De — 0.54 | 39° Ditto — | 047| 44° Ditto et 38° Ditto 1.74 EL c loses ac Dis — 0.36| 43 Ditto — 0.35| 47° Ditto iss 41? Very dark 1.37 3| — |40.78| 32° Cle ie - DIET — | 0.66| 50° Ditto gas 47? Dark 241 — | 654| 43° Cloudy zz se — | 0.51} 52° Ditto — 45° Very dark — || 2.23 C hens A5 Dato m dd s nd — 0.47| 56^ Ditto — 48° Overcast .93 — [+076] 45° Foggy gt ; oud — 0.32, 57° Ditto — 49° Dark (rain) || 2.00 a Die 56| 54° , Bright sun — 0.20| 57° Fine E 41° Cloudy ditto || 1.72 j pum 50| 31? Ditto x —0.05 49° Very do. do — |+0.70 64° Ditto et 0? Clear .69 ) | — |+0.83| 36° Ditto =e 0.30} 49° Very do. do. || — | 0.22) 67° Ditto re 46° Ditto 149 Ho Sal at DA. ae 0.68 | 47° Foggy — 0.37| 55° Foggy €: 44? Very dark .08 mI wis] 4^ Date = 0.39| 51. Bright — 0.57 | 63° Cloudy — 52° Cloudy (rain)|| 1.64 | — | 063) 47° Ditto = 0.36| 52° Overcast — | 0.25| 59° Ditto —- 51° Ditto ditto .40 : — | 034! 46° Clond = 0.17| 56° Flying clouds || — 0.54| 61^ Fine -— 52? Cloudy 144 AE peo y — 0.11| 54° IT bright — 0.11| 60? Ditto — 47? Clear 0.91 L | parl ar Har x 0.40| 56^ Fi — 0.35| 64° Di ES 49° Ditto 1.60 z | Oey Se Clee ee 0.22| 48. Ditto — | 0.20 itt = 44° Cloudy 0.84 a 036| 36^ Clodi — 0.10| 45. Ditto — 0.32| 51° Flying clouds || — 40° Dark 1.37 31 — | 030] 38° Diw T e 0.51 | 40 Ditto = 0.30 ine — 38° Ditto 1.32 19| — | 034 »go pne = 0.42| 45° Ditto — | 0.22| 51° Ditto — 33^ Ditto 1.24 ml 0.68| 29° Cloud — 0.29| 46 Clear — 044| 56° Ditto ru 39? Clear 1.33 E 0.62 | 43° Dite y -— 0.42| 51. nm == 0.34 e Pad — 51^ Dark (rain) || 1.87 | A. 1| — | oea] 46° Ditto die 039| 55 Clo — 0.44| 58° — 49° Cloudy 86 f 2| — | 066 5 o Ditt s 0.67 55. Pie. (rnin) — 0.61 39° Cloudy — 52° Ditt 2.66 3| — | 038 m ied 0.47| 56. ° Fine — 0.57 | 59° Ditto — j 1.87 e e Lan Rd Ditto Sen n) — 0.20| 57^ Cloudy — | 0.61| 61? Fine — 49° Clear 1.42 | — | oss| 41* D itto pé 0.36| 54 Cle — 0.37 | 57^ Ditto — 48° Ditto 1.63 | — | 034| 38° Dik == 0.16| 52_ Cloudy — 0.15| 56^ Cloudy — ? Ditto 1.04 || — | 0.16) 51° Ditto = 0.24| 52 Ditto — |40.71, 55° Ditto — 51? Cloudy 1.59 iere * Clear == 0.15| 57 Ditto — 0.98| 62° Clear , — 0? Ditto 0.81 di — | os | ss Cay v 0.43 3 Cle — 0.34 | 59^ Ditto — 45? Ditto 1.28 10 | — | 0.15] 39° Clear = 0 27 | 46° Cloudy — 0.19| 47° Cloudy — 38° Ditto 0.85 1| — | 036| 26° Ditto m M Tt — | 034| 50? Ditto "e * Ch 0.91 2| — | 046| 22^ Ditto ds 0.17 | 42° Bright sun — | 0.23| 49^ Fine — 31^ Ditto 0.88 i — 0.18 | 28° Ditto — 0 30 42" Very bright — 0.23| 48. Ditto — | 3 en 1.24 s F 395] MP Oeit — ,[-9.08| 42^ B — | 0.28| 48 Ditto — | 31° Di 0,82 ——L i — 0.38| 48? Cl 0.14| 54° Cloudy — 48? Ciudy 1.43 21.15| — 6 470 average. 17.24| = .383 average. | mau = .380 average. = = .289 average. | 68.60 te by deducting one- occupying the the total amount of growth, 108 Upon the rate of growth by Plants It 1s probable that these returns will strike different persons differently ; and therefore they are printed at length, and not in the form of an abstract. All such observations are affected by so many circumstances, the exact nature of which it is perhaps im- possible to estimate, that safe conclusions can only be drawn from the average of a large number of facts. The observations made in the course of these experiments amounted to 908; a number suf- ficiently large to entitle the conclusions that are drawn from them to some attention. As has been already stated the great object of the enquiry was to ascertain at what period in the 24 hours plants in hot-houses grow the fastest, and at which the slowest. The table No. 5, shews that upon the whole this happens in the Afternoon ; but that there is a near approach to the same rate in the Morning and Night, the growth in the one case being 55.11 inches and in the others 49.87 and 49.16 respectively. When, however, we look to the details of these results we find that each of the four plants has its own period of maximum growth, the Vine preferring the early Morning, the Willow the Forenoon, the Passionflower the After- noon, and the Fig the Night. In the Passionflower the preference amounted to something considerable ; and in the Vine to as much as two inches in the course of six weeks; but in the others it was unimportant. It appears however thatin the case of the Willow and Vine, that is to say of the two hardiest of the plants under experiment, the principal growth takes place between midnight and noon, notwithstanding that those are the coldest hours in the twenty four. I have not seen the paper of Harting* on this subject, quoted by Minter in his observations on the growth of plants ;+ but if, as * In the Tydschrift voor Natuurlyke Geschiedenis en Physiologie, by van Hoeven and de Vriese. T Botaniche Zeitung, Nov. 3, 1843. at different periods of the Day. 109 the latter author states, his own observations and Hartings are essentially the same, I may be permitted to quote the one as representing the views of the other. Munter says that he found the diminution of light increase the growth of the branches of the Sycamore, the Vine and the Elder. And this is precisely the common opinion. But it will be seen from what has been just stated, that in the four cases now mentioned, and under their peculiar circumstances, that was by no means universally the case, for in the Willow the greatest growth took place between 6 in the Morning and Noon, of the Passionflower between Noon and 6 in the Evening, and it was only in the case of the Vine and Fig that the dark hours gave the greatest amount of extension. It is how- ever to be observed that Münter's experiments were made in the open air, and therefore may not perhaps be quite suited for com- parison with those now detailed. The period when the Willow and Vine grew slowest was the early Morning in the case of the Willow, and before midnight in the Vine: the difference in the Willow being as 9.37 to 11.13 and of the Vine as 16.02 to 18.13. This seems to show the danger of employing a high Night temperature, which must necessarily force such plants into growing fast at a period when nature bids them repose. In the Fig the smallest growth was made in the early Morning, but the rate of growth of that plant does not appear to be materially different at any period of the day ; for, in nearly two months, Night, when it grew fastest, had not an advantage over Morning when its growth was slowest, to the extent of much more than 4 an inch. In the Passionflower the fastest growth was in the Afternoon, the next at Night, and the smallest in the Forenoon, in which respects it is at variance with all the others. Table 5 also seems to indicate the existence of some regular al- ternation of growth, from fast to slow ; the morning growth of 49.87 diminishing at the next period to 46.66, then rising to 55.11, and then falling to 49.16, which again rises to 49.87 ; and it is not im- 110 Upon the rate of growth by Plants probable that something of this kind takes place in nature: a period of vigorous developement, requiring a great expenditure of vital energy, being followed by comparative torpor till the vital powers are recruited. For example the successive growths of the Willow are represented by the numbers 10, 26, 20, 20, 25, 26, 26, 10, 42, 31, 45, 17, 19, 40, 18; of the Fig, whose general slow progress is unfavourable to this kind of observation, by 12, 22, 21, 03, 11, 11, 16, 15, and 11, 14, 11, 03, 22, 13, 13, 04; of the Passionflower by 20, 11, 60, 05, 14, 03, 20, 47, 17,17, 22 and 26, 16, 76, 33, 40, 50, 29, 29, 34, 24, 50, 35; and of the Vine by 20, 34, 12, 32, 55, 31, 31, 37, 62, 54, 28, 52, 74, 50, 14, 22, 38; and so on. Although this kind of oscillation is not absolutely constant, yet it is so very usual, as to appear to be a part of the customary habit of vegeta- tion ; and is yet more striking if we turn to the instances of most rapid growth in the four cases before us; for they are invariably succeeded by a corresponding decrease of growth. For example the willow occasionally lengthened as much as four tenths or even more than five tenths of an inch in six hours; these were invariably succeeded by a considerable reduction in growth ; thus.42 sunk to .S1, .45 to .17, .40 to .18, .40 to .17, and .43 to .20. The maxi- mum of developement in the Fig was rather more than two tenths of an inch in 6 hours ; when this or any similar rate was observed the numbers stood thus; .22 fell to .13,.19 to .15,.20 to .10. In the Pas- sionflower the greatest growth was rather more than eight tenths of an inch in six hours ; here .82 fellto.10,.79t0.34,.70t0.27. And finally the Vine, which on one occasion grew nearly nine tenths of an inch in six hours, is found to obey the same apparent law ; for .89 is followed by .63, .70 by .47, .74 by .50, .71 by .30, and so on. Another subject of consideration is the cause or causes that tend to produce the fastest and the slowest growth. Fluctuations of temperature can hardly have had any connection with this, because the plants were grown, as has been stated, in a hothouse, the heat of which was maintained at about 73° by day and 65° by night. at different periods of the Day. 111 Doubtless the plants under experiment were to some small extent affected by variations between these degrees, but 65 is always too high to allow of any serious impediment to vegetation, nor do I perceive any apparent connection between fast and slow growth, and the temperature of the external air. For instance the slowest growth of the Willow took place with the external temperature at 50*, when it lengthened only .03, while with the external air at 34° it grew on another occasion as much as .56 ; the slowest growth of the Fig was .00 with the external air 54°, and its fastest was .22 with the external air 34 ; the minimum growth of the Passion- flower was .03, the external air being on one occasion 48° and another 35^, but when it was 41? the Passionflower grew .70 ; and so of the Vine: when the external air was 44° it only grew .04, but when it was 40° it grew as much as .85. This evidence proves I think conclusively that in the cases under experiment the tem- perature of the external air in no way affected the rate of growth. The next question that arises is whether the amount of light can be supposed to have produced any influence. If we compare the degree of light under which the more remarkable growths were made, and which are marked + and — in the tables, we shall find the following result FAST GROWTH. Cloudy or Foggy. Clear. 1. Willow, 7 cases 5 2 2. Fig, 15 cases 5 5 10 -3. Passionflower, 5 cases . 3 2 4. Vine, 10 cases : 7 3 SLow GROWTH. Cloudy or Foggy. Clear. i 1. Willow, 14 cases uem : 9 q 2. Fig, 41 cases i : ro HB 23 3. Passionflower, 15 cases : : 8 : : EP 4. Vine, 3 cases If we are to judge from the comparison of some of these ex- treme cases, we should infer that plants grew fastest in cloudy weather, under the influence of diminished light, and slowest in clear bright weather, when light is abundant, as seems to be the Opinion of Münter above quoted. Thus in the Vine, out of 10 112 Upon the rate of growth by Plants cases of unusually rapid growth 7 took place in cloudy weather, and only 3 in clear weather; in the Willow, out of 7 such ex- tremes 5 were in cloudy and only 2 in clear weather; and in the Passionflower 3 extremely fast growths took place in cloudy and 2 in clear weather. The Fig is however altogether an exception to this supposed rule, for in 10 out 15 extreme cases it grew fastest under bright light. Possibly this discrepancy may be accounted for by the different nature of the plants under experiment. The Willow, Passionflower and Vine are plants with a very thin skin, and therefore will suffer considerable loss of their fluids, by evapo- ration under bright light, which must obstruct their growth; the Fig on the other hand, being a plant with a peculiarly thick skin, will suffer much less from this cause, and may indeed demand a much larger supply of light than the others in order to perform its functions in the most efficient way. But if the experiments were to a certain degree to confirm the general opinion that plants grow fastest in warm cloudy weather, it is also clear that they indicate the presence of other agencies than light and heat, and a regular supply of moisture. The nu- merous exceptions that are found even in those plants which in rapid growth conform the best to the supposed rule show this sufficiently well, and when we attempt to reduce to it the slowest growths we fail entirely ; the facts inclining sometimes one way and sometimes the other. - Orie of the most singular facts brought out by these observations is the total want of correspondence between the effects produced upon plants by the same external circumstances. The subjects of experiment were placed within a few feet of each other, in a house heated very uniformly, and equally exposed to light, and to every other agent by which it is conceivable that plants should be affected. Yet strange to say, it appears certain that the same causes do not produce the same results when operating upon plants of different species. For example the greatest growth made by at different periods of the Day. 113 the Sweet Willow was on the 7th of March, when the noon day observation gave .56 ; at that hour the growth of the Fig had been only .08 and of the Passionflower .24, which was about the aver- age; and of the Vine only .42 which was slightly above it. The greatest growth of the Passionflower was on the 14th of April, when the 6 p.m. observation gave .82 which was .42 above the average ; on the same day the Willow had grown .36, or .20 above the average ; the Fig.09, or about theaverage; and the Vine, .14 or .24 below the average! If we turn to the instances of impeded vegetation we shall perceive just the same conflicting results. The slowest growth of the Vine was on the 10th of April when the Noon day observation amounted to only .04 to .34 below the average; at that time the Passionflower had grown .34 or .11 above the average ; the Fig .03 or .5 below the average; and the Willow .14 or only .2 below its average elongation at that hour. Upon the whole then it seems that we must regard the growth of plants as a far more complicated problem than is generally sup- posed. The evidence that has been produced appears to show that there is a regular oscillation of growth during the 24 hours, that the principal developement takes place in the afternoon, (between noon and 6 in the evening), and follows the smallest which occurs in the Forenoon (between 6 in the Morning and noon); and that this oscillation is not connected with light and temperature, because the growth in the Forenoon is less than in the Morning (11 P.M. to 6 A.M.) when the temperature is at its lowest ; it may also be in- ferred that thin-skinned plants grow fastest in the absence of bright light, and possibly that thick-skinned plants obey an opposite law. But it does not appear satisfactorily that the varying rates of elon- gation are, under the circumstances of the experiments now de- tailed, dependent, to any considerable extent, upon fluctuations of temperature, light, or moisture. On the contrary it seems almost certain that some other powerful agent is in operation, the nature of which we have at present no means of ascertaining. VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. a [ 115 ] VI. Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Guatemala, and Equatorial Ame- rica, during the Years 1836 to 1843, in search of Plants and Seeds for the Horticultural Society of London. By Mr. Turopore Hanrwzc. Arver a voyage of fifty-eight days I arrived, on the third of De- cember, 1836, at Vera Cruz; and immediately, after landing my luggage, I took advantage of the offer of Mr. De Wilde, a partner in the house of Messrs. Stallforth and Co., to proceed to the farm of Mr. Lavater, a gentleman to whom I had letters of intro- duction. Two days’ riding, over a country without regular roads and through ravines, brought me to Zaquapan, the name of this gentleman’s residence. For three leagues, from Vera Cruz to Santa Fé, the road lay over a sandy plain by the seaside, covered partly by Convolvulus mari- timus, a large round-leaved Opuntia, a Croton, and, above all, by Mimosa pudica. At Santa Fé the vegetation became more luxu- riant, and the small shrubs were replaced by stately Palms, Aca- cias, several Scitamineous plants, and various climbers. However, being anxious to quit the lowlands, which so often prove fatal to new comers, I did not particularly examine them. ZAQUAPAN is placed at an elevation ofabout 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, on the eastern declivity of the snow-clad Orizaba, Which attains the height of more than 17,000 feet; the climate is temperate and the place surrounded with the richest vegotattin I ever saw in Mexico. Upon leaving the savannahs, which are covered with a scanty undergrowth, I entered a forest of Oaks, ( Quercus jalapensis, H.B.K.) and there a change took place as if brought on by magic ; Orchidacee, for which I had been on the look out since I left Vera Cruz, and of the finding of which I had 116 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, given up all hope, considering the elevation I had attained, appeared here in the greatest abundance ; the oaks actually seemed to groan under their weight ; Maaillaria densa and tenuifolia, forming fes- toons and hanging gracefully over the branches they were grow- ing on, seemed to strive with the larger species of Tillandsia for their existence. It was here I met with the beautiful and new Cyrto- chilum maculatum, and the varieties of it now become so common. In the ravines or rocks I found Mazillaria aromatica, Epidendrum seriatum, equitans, umbellatum, fuscatum, cochleatum (this latter with nearly all its varieties), and Acropera Loddigesii. In the more exposed situations, particularly on trees overhanging the per- pendicular sides of the ravines, Stelis ciliaris, Dinema polybulbon, Isochilus linearis, Polystachya luteola, and the little plant that now bears my name ( Hartwegia purpurea) were common. The first plant of Brassavola glauca I met with was on a Coccoloba, in a wood descending to the savannah; but I afterwards found it on oaks in abundance near this station. To grow this plant, as well as Hartwegia purpurea, to perfection, I would recommend a tem- perature of 65-70? of Fahr., and to be kept in the driest part of the stove. The same treatment may be applied to the thick-leaved Epidendrums and Oncidiums. Near the same locality I found Ber- beris tenuifolia, forming a shrub 10 to 12 feet high, and at the time covered with its black berries on spikes more than a foot in length. In the more open places, among grass, the Cebadilla, or Asagrea officinalis was ripening its seeds on a stem four feet high; the roots, leaves, and particularly the seeds of this plant are used by the muleteers, in a state of fine powder, for killing the maggots in the wounds of their beasts, and occasionally an infusion of it is used in extirpating certain yermin which may be found on the heads of the lower class; but its employment is not so general as the occasion for it. The seeds of the Cebadilla form an article of export in Vera Cruz; but judging from its low price (six shillings for 25 lbs.) it seems to be in little demand, and scarcely pays the By Mr. 'Tugopone Harrtwec. 117 gathering. The soap plant, Agave saponaria, was found in the same locality, throwing up its flower-stem like a tuberose to which in fact it bears much resemblance. Its thick fleshy root crushed is a good substitute for soap, and is abundantly used by those who are too poor to buy that article. This, as well as the Cebadilla, appears to be common in the temperate parts of Mexico, having been found in several places, even as far south as Guatemala. The 27th of December found me on the road to J alapa, where I arrived on the following day. Being anxious to come to my jour- ney's end, I took the diligence for Mexico; and thence, after de- livering various letters of introduction and procuring new ones, I again proceeded to Guanajuato, the place of my destinati n. Upon my arrival I presented my letters of introduction to Mr. Stanley, Mr. Shoolbred, and Mr. George O'Gorman. The latter gen- tleman being about to proceed to Silao, a place distant seven leagues, I accepted an invitation to spend a week with him, but it being then the middle of the dry season, my exertions did not prove very successful; and upon my return, the necessary arrangements having been completed, I left for the more elevated parts of that mountainous district, which I hoped to find more likely to fulfil the object of my mission. My first excursion was to the Greanre, the highest point of the range of mountains of Guanajuato, where I was rewarded with Gar- rya obovata, then in flower, forming a shrub six feet high ; I after- wards found it more commonly on the Bufa, a bluff rock a league from Guanajuato, but all my efforts to procure seeds were only rewarded with a single grain, which I now find did not germinate. Arctostaphylos pungens has also been found in these stations, both In flower and fruit. Berberis fascicularis forming a shrub 8 to 10 feet high, was covered with flowers, as well as Ribes campanulatum. In another excursion I found, both in flower and fruit, a second Species of. Garrya (G. laurifolia,) forming an evergreen shrub 12 to 15 feet high, with the Madrono, or Arbutus densiflora, forming a 118 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, shrub, or small tree, covered with delicate white flowers. In the more sheltered situations, in the ravines near the town, Clematis pubescens was in full flower. Oaks, which cover the greater part of the mountains, were in great variety, but the acorns of the pre- ceding year being all dead, I could procure neither seeds nor spe- cimens. Pines were nowhere to be met with. On the 13th of April I arrived in Leon from Guanajuato, but after two months' disappointment on the then parched up plains and mountains, from which I often returned without having found a single seed or specimen for the herbarium, I often longed for the green woods on the declivity of Orizaba, where vegetation never seems at rest. The only things worthy of notice from this station were Ipomea longifolia and Lelia majalis; the latter species I found at an elevation of about 8,000 feet, growing on oaks, and producing such a profusion of large pink flowers in May, that even the Mexicans find it attractive, and stick a few plants on the Limes, (Citrus medica) growing before their houses. Of this I sent an abundant supply of plants, but as it has resisted all attempts at cultivation, I would recommend it to be kept in the driest part of the stove, and to be liberally supplied with water during the summer months only. In fields Lupinus Hartwegii was common ; this seems to be quite stationary, having nowhere else been met with. On the 17th of June I arrived at Lacos, where I found the same barrenness during the dry season as at Leon; and after a month's fruitless wandering, I left, on the 13th of J uly, for Aguas Calientes. Of the more interesting plants found near Lagos, I may mention Milla biflora, bearing from one to six of its star-like white flowers on one scape ; Bessera elegans ( Caloprasum Geroltianum of Schiede), the bruised leaves of which, mixed with a little water, are used oc- casionally for killing flies ; Zephyranthes sessilis ; Sprekeha glauca ; and Habranthus concolor; the three latter flowering be- fore the leaves appear. By Mr. Turopvore HagTwEc. 119 At Aguas CALIENTES I found a little more occupation, the rains having then set in; but being still dissatisfied with my excursions, I determined at once to leave the high table land and proceed to Bolanos, where I should have the command of a vegetation from 3,000 to more than 8,000 feet of elevation. The town of Bolaños, where I arrived on the 4th of October, is situated in a deep ravine, about 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, and from its confined situation has a higher temperature than might be supposed. The thermometer ranges from 39? to 85? Fahr. in the month of Decem- ber, but in May it is from 85° to 95° Fahr., and even as high as 102" in the shade. The atmosphere being very dry is favourable to the growth of Bromeliaceous and Cactaceous plants, of which latter there is a great variety, especially among Opuntias and Cerei. Of the latter there are species which rise to the height of 30 or 40 feet, and yield an agreeable fruit of the size of a large walnut, with red or yellow pulp; they are known under the name of Pitaya. Here also occurred a species of Agave with leaves six feet long by four inches broad, from which a spirit is distilled known under the name of Vino Mescal. When the plants are of a certain size they are taken up, and the stem, which is about 18 inches long, as well as the leaves, is cut off to the base, which gives the trunk a globular appearance. In this state it is roasted, then crushed, and after passing into the vinous fermentation, Vino Mescal is distilled from it. This spirit may be compared to weak whiskey, but its strong smoky flavour renders it anything but pleasant. The plant I never could see in flower. Ascending the steep sides of the ravine on the western side, I left the region of Acacias, Bromeliacee and arborescent Cerei, and entered that of Oaks. After a four leagues ride, and constant ascent, I arrived at BenaEnzA, the Mining Company's wood cutting establishment, situate in the midst of woods at an elevation of more than 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. Here I found, sur- rounded by evergreen Oaks, Pines and Arbutus densiflora, the 120 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, showy Befaria mexicana, forming a shrub of about eight feet high, and at the time covered with its large white flowers.* The pretty little Mammillaria senilis I found on rocks in the more exposed situations ; its long white spines which at the points are bent back- wards seem to defend it against frost. In the more open places Lupinus leptocarpus, Pentstemon imberbis, Lamourouzia longiflora and multifida were common. On the 10th of January 1838, I left Bolaños in company with Mr. Floresi the chief commissioner of the Bolaños mines, after having been most hospitably treated by him as well as by Mr. Watson, the company's accountant. On the 14th of that month, I arrived at ZaAcaATEcas, whither my collections from Aguas Calientes and Bolaños had preceded me. The sterility of the mountains and plains about Zacatecas, at this season, was such that I was spared the trouble of making fruitless excursions ; I, therefore, arranged my dried specimens and despatched them along with the seeds and bulbs to England. The species collected during the first year amount to 227, of which the following have flowered, or exist in the Garden. Catasetum maculatum Maxillaria variabilis — citrinum — — var. unipunctata Epidendrum asperum Cyrtochilum maculatum — uitans — — var. — umbellatum Stelis ciliaris — fuscatum Polystachya luteola Isochilus linearis Dinema polybulbon Trichopilia tortilis Asagræa officinalis Hartwegia purpurea ncidium stramineum — sphacelatum Lelia anceps — furfuracea Maxillaria aromatica — tenuifolia Ferraria sp. Agave saponaria Habranthus concolor Allium striatellum Sisyrinchium sp. illa biflora Zephyranthes sessilis Bessera elegans * A large parcel of seeds which I transmitted to the Society having failed to grow, this gem of the Mexican highlands remains still to be imported. By Mr. Turovore HanrwEc. 121 Solanum sp. Onagracea Lupinus Hartwegii Trifolium involucratum — leptocarpus Mimosea Anemopsis californica Ipomea rubrocerulea Cuphea sp. -- Heliotropium curassavicum — longifolia Verbena incana Convolvulus 3 species Parkinsonia aculeata Berberis tenuifolia Malvacea Mimosa filicina. Prosopis dulcis On the 26th of February, 1838, I proceeded from Zacatecas over the high table land to San Lurs Porost and thence to the Rancho de los Gallitos. Near San Luis Potosi I found Berberis trifoliata in great abundance, forming a shrub 4 to 5 feet high ; it was then just coming intoflower, and all my efforts to find seeds were useless ; but I afterwards received a large supply through the kindness of the bailiff of the Hacienda del Espiritu Santo, and it has since been abundantly raised and distributed at the Garden. The Rancho de los Gallitos, being situate on the eastern declivity of the great table land, in a narrow valley, enjoys a delightful temperature, and is surrounded by constant verdure and noble forests of Oaks. It was near this station I found the striking Berberis Hartwegu with its long spikes of flowers and pinnate leaves. This desirable species still remaining to be imported, I shall describe its locality par- ticularly, for its seeds will amply remunerate any traveller that may land at Tampico and proceed to San Luis Potosi or Zacatecas. Before reaching the valley of Los Gallitos, on the ascent from Santa Barbara, there is a bluff rock on the right hand side of the road, called ** E] Contadero, " with a small chapel hewn in the rock, and always gaily adorned with flowers and candles by the passers by ; this place is held in the deepest reverence by the Indians, from the circumstance of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe being said to have appeared to several of them, and they cannot pass this place with- out paying homage to their protectress saint. It was at the foot of this rock that I found Berberis Hartwegit. After exhausting the resources of the last station and despatch- ing my collections to Tampico I returned to ZACATECAS, where I VOL. III, 2ND SERIES, R 122 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, expected to have found some Pine seeds which had been promised me by the Company's forester at Bolanos; but not receiving any, I went there myself without loss of time, and found to my great regret, that the cones had all shed their seeds. I then joined a convoy for Guadalajara whence I returned to Bolaños and Zacate- cas, with scarcely an acquisition to remunerate me for that long journey. : Having now received permission to proceed in the direction I thought most proper, always, however, visiting the more elevated parts, because they were most likely to furnish plants that will endure the open air in England, I resolved to leave the arid plains in the north, and proceed to Morera the capital of the State of Mechoacan. The country about this town, from its broken surface, presents a beautiful vegetation ; in the higher parts Pines and Oaks grow intermixed, and the latter are adorned with a great variety of Epiphytes. On the western declivity towards the active volcano Jorullo, I found Pinus oocarpa in great abundance, forming a tree 40 to 50 feet high ; of this I secured an ample supply of seeds, but from its low situation, I fear it will not be proof against our north- ern winters. The cones of this pine after being ripe will remain on the tree without opening for two or three years, and the seeds in them are equally as sound as the fresh ones. In the more ele- vated parts I found the showy Fuchsia fulgens, in the greatest per- fection, and beside it Rigidella flammea, bearing its bright scarlet flowers on a scape 3 to 4 feet high. In the more shaded places the pretty little Hydrotenia meleagris and Arisema macrospatha were met with. In pastures, Bravoa geminiflora and Cyclobothra bar- bata were common. After a two months’ stay in this interesting country I left for AN- GANGUEO, at which place I arrived after a two days’ ride over a moun- tain road, where I observed fine trees of Pinus leiophylla and pseu- dostrobus, the former being called * Ocote chino" because, from its abundance of resin, it yields the best “ Ocote" or candlewood ; it By Mr. Turopore Hanrwzc. 123 attains the height of 100 feet, and is often 4 feet in diameter. P. pseudostrobus also grows in the same situation, and may be easily distinguished at a distance by its long slender branches diverging at a right angle from the main stem, as in the species of the section Strobus ; its chief range is about 8,000 feet, while that of P. leio- phylla is a few hundred feet lower. On an excursion to the “ Cam- panario " the highest point of the mountains of Angangueo, I saw some remarkably fine trees of the *Oyamel" or Abies religiosa, 5 to 6 feet in diameter and rising to the height of 150 feet. Its chief rangeis about 9000 feet above the sea ; beyond that elevation its place is supplied by Pinus Hartwegii rising to the height of 40 to 50 feet. With the latter I found Veratrum frigidum, the leaves of which are poisonous to cattle, Microstylis macrostachya and Juniperus mexi- cana, the latter forming a small straggling shrub three feet high.* On the 30th of October, 1838, I arrived at REAL DEL MoNTE, after having crossed once more the high table land of Mexico, but as usual without finding much to reward me. The town of Real del Monte, being situated at an elevation of above 8,000 feet, is sur- rounded by high ground, of which the *' Sumate," the highest peak, rises to the height of 9,500 feet above the level of the sea, the country around being well wooded with a great variety of Oaks and Pines. On the eastern declivity of the Real del Monte chain of mountains is the deep ravine of Mestitlan, commonly called " Barranca grande,” which from its chalky soil is a favourite haunt for. Cactacee. It is the only habitat of Cereus senilis, that I am acquainted with in Mexico, the largest plants of which, attaining a height of 24 feet, give the scenery a very singular appearance. On another excursion to the natural bridge called “ Puente de Dios " I found Spirea parvifolia, Quercus petiolaris, Lindleya mes- piloides, the latter forming a slender shrub 10 to 12 feet high, and the pretty little Mammillaria Schiedeana with seems quite station- ary there, having no where else been met with. * The articles collected about Angangueo, consisting of seventeen sorts of seeds, seven kinds of bulbs and roots, and three species of Epiphytes never reached England, 124 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, On the barren hills of Zrmapan, Pinus Llaveana, forming a tree 15 feet high, was at this time (November) covered with small green cones, which are two years in coming to maturity; Berberis gracilis, with its slender stem and red leaf-stalks, and Berberis pallida have been found at this station, as well as near the hot springs of Atotonilco el grande. In the ravine of Encarnacion I found another new species of Garrya, G. macrophylla, which from its large foliage is by far the handsomest kind; but unfor- tunately the few seeds I found did not grow. Juglans nigra was found in the same locality. Near the Company’s farm of “ Guajo-. lote " I found several sorts of pines, among which P. patula, from its smooth slender stem and valuable timber, particularly attracted my attention. Near the small village of Apulco I found Berberis | lanceolata and Pinus apulcensis, and along the road Cupressus thurifera forms a stately tree 120 feet high. From this latter sta- tion the descent was very rapid to a place called * El Banco," probably so named in allusion to the bank or ledge of rock over which one has to pass at the imminent risk of falling into the ravine below, in order to reach the small village of San Cornelio. The descent to this place is very interesting ; at every step there is some change, the noble T'ree fern (Cyathea mexicana) makes its appearance there ; Lopezia lineata, Alstonia ciliata, Lophospermum scandens, Cobea stipularis, Gaultheria nitida, were all in full flower. It was in company with those that I found the noble Habrothamnus fasciculatus of Schlechtendahl, the seeds of which I was unable to procure ; it was a very fine shrub about five feet high. It has since been raised in Belgium, and a fresh specimen in flower, communicated by Mr. Van Hourre, Nurseryman of Ghent, has furnished with the assistance of one of my dried specimens the means of preparing the accompanying figure of one of the gayest plants of the Mexican Flora. By the end of J anuary, 1839, instructions reached me to proceed to Guatemala. I, therefore despatched the collection formed at HORT, TRANS Vol MI PIJI SECOND SERIES. By Mr. 'Tugoronz Hanrwzo. 125 Real del Monte, and proceeded again to Angangueo, where by that time I found the pine cones, which I left ripening on my first visit, in a fit state for transmission ; on the 20th of February I reached the city of Mexico. The articles collected in 1838 amount to 307, of which the following have flowered or been raised at the Garden. Oncidium EN large var. — sanguin Carya oliveeformis Philadelphus mexicanus Lelia UM UE Cornus grandis furfuracea Fuchsia fulgens Stanhopes venusta aleriana Napus Agave Convolvulus, two species ee x Ipomea batatoides Veratrum din ig Calonyction speciosum Hydrotenia mele Garrya laurifolia Rigidella flammea Lycium praster a i Bravoa geminiflora Myrsinacea sæma macrospath ? Freziera J p DEE flaccida te ona Berberis trifoliata Cupressus thurifera allida Abies religiosa Fita glaucescens Pinus Russellia Rhamnus umbellatus — Devoniana Cistus glomeratus — Montezume Bouvardia pleudens — ocote Melastomac — a Carduus s — macrophylla Scleróon oleinum — Hartwegii ussellia sp. — apulcen M» petiolaris — pseudostrobus — Llaveana qe zia lineata — peto Sophora secundiflora var. Lupinus vaginatus — lei ophylla ceca a sp. = Mammillaria pycnacantha Mimosa sp. — uncinata Dalea odorata — fulvispina Salvia sp. — aciculata — Begla — auriceps — tubifera — fuscata Arctostaphylos pungens — macrothele obæa stipularis — horripila Celtis canescens — villifera us jorullensis — cirrhifi Spiræa fissa — longimamma Cotoneaster ao —' bicolor” Crategus m — quadrispina — crocidata ra Lindleya err Rollinia 2 sp. Schiedeana 126 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Mammillaria gracilis Cereus sessilis — tenuis — polylophus — Wildiana and 22 species not — Deppii named. — pulcherrimus Echinocactus obvallatus Opuntia sessilis — coptonogonus — geometrizans — cornigerus and five sorts not named. Upon my arrival in the city of Mexico (Feb. 20. 1839) I lost no time in making the necessary inquiries respecting the best way of proceeding on my new mission to Guatemala, distant nearly twelve hundred miles. After considering how circuitous is the route by sea, I resolved to undertake the journey by land, anticipating that, by going over such an extensive country, I must fall in with some novel- ties. Having completed the necessary arrangements for such a jour- ney, and procured some letters of introduction to persons in Central America, I gladly accepted a kind offer made to me by Robert Smith, Esq. of Oaxaca, to accompany him and his convoy to that place, which we safely reached after a journey of eighteen days. The valley of Oaxaca is between 4000 and 5000 feet above the level of the sea. The greater part being under cultivation, I resolved to visit the well-wooded heights to the east, which are visible from the town. A ride of five miles over a well cultivated country, varied by a few patches of sugar cane and cochineal plan- tations, brought me to the entrance of the mountains, which are thinly covered with Oaks of a dwarfish growth, intermingled with Arbutus jalapensis and oaxacana. mexicana, Maurandya antirrhin along the rivulet. R Crategus mexicana, Alnus iflora, and a species of Salix grew About 500 feet higher at a hut called the ancho del Estudiante, Pinus T'eocote and Leiophylla appeared, in company with Cercocarpus Fothergilloides, and Tilia mexicana, the latter forming a lofty tree. In shaded places overhanging the rivulet, Fuchsia arborescens, was flowering profusely, forming a little tree 12 feet high with a stem five inches in diameter; a shrubby Bocconia and Garrya laurifolia were also met with. At the By Mr. 'Turovorre Hartwea. 197 * Rancho del ojo de agua," the ascent became more steep, the Oaks appearing in larger masses and taller trees, and covered with several species of Tillandsia and a few Orchidacee. Having reached the “ Cumsre ” or highest point, there were some stragglers of Pinus Russelliana or Devoniana, which in want of cones I could not distinguish, and some stately trees of Abies reli- giosa. The oaks were no longer clothed with Tillandsias and Orchidacee, but their places were occupied by a brown moss hanging gracefully down the branches in threads nearly three feet long, which gives the trees a singular appearance. Cornus disci- flora, Ceanothus azureus, Rubus trilobus with its large white flowers, the pretty little Cuphea pubiflora and Melampodium montanum were found at that station, the elevation of which above the level of the sea, must at least be 8,500 feet. In descending gradually towards “ La Parada” which is a kind of inn, the woods consist chiefly of Pinus Teocote and Oaks. On the latter I found Odonto- glossum nebulosum, Cattleya citrina and several other species. After passing the bridge, “ Puente de Gia," where I found Eche- veria acutifolia, and the village of San Juan, the Oaks ceased entirely, and were replaced by small Acacias and Bromeliacee. Orchidacee, although few in number, no longer cling to trees, but seek their nourishment from the ground; an instance of which is Epidendrum falcatum with its thick leaves and brittle rhizoma, which was growing most luxuriantly on a heap of loose stones and perfuming the air towards evening with its large white flowers. After descending from the village of San Juan to the Hacienda of Santa Ana, and following the rivulet as far as the mine of Socorro, I crossed a high ridge, where mining operations are carried on, and arrived at the Hacienda del Carmen, an establishment for reducing the silver ore. Carmen, or Castresana as it had for- merly been called, is situate in a deep and narrow ravine, the sides of which are well wooded with Pines and Oaks, the showy Arctostaphylos nitida, Gaultheria hirtiflora, Vaccinium brachys- 128 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, tachyum, Arbutus jalapensis, Lyonia ferruginea and Philadelphus mexicanus. Ascending the steep sides on the right I arrived on the * Monte Pelado " or bald mountain, so called from the upper part being destitute of trees, which gives it a singular appearance compared with the mountain ranges on the opposite side of the ravine. Near * Las Cruces" on the ascent to the Monte Pelado I observed some remarkably fine trees of Abies religiosa and Pinus Ayacahuite, the latter measuring three to four feet in diameter. Bordering on the limits of trees I found three plants, remarkable for their geographical distribution ; they had previously been known from other countries ; they are Chimaphila maculata, Pyrola rotundifolia and Qttoa enanthoides, the latter found by Humboldt near Ibarra in the Andes of Quito. Having well examined the vegetation about Carmen, I ascended the high ground at the back, crossed LLANO VERDE and arrived at the Indian village of Tanetze. The name of Llano verde (green plain)is given to the mountain intervening as far Tanetze, a distance of eighteen miles, and is derived from a green swampy place in the midst of the wood, measuring some twenty feet square. The climate of Llano verde is termed by the natives “ caliente humida,” or warm and damp, the temperature being about 70° Fahr. and particularly adapted to the growth of Oncidium ornithorhynchum, which I found there in great splendour. In the more elevated parts Pinus apulcensis, Tilia mexicana, Clethra mexicana, several Lycopodiums, Pteris aquilinatwelve feet high,and Cyathea mexicana were met with. Descending this ridge, several Melastomacee, Ep- dendrum rhizophorum with its bright scarlet flowers, were growing on the outskirts of the wood, From Tanetze I went over a broken road to Tabaa where I found Befaria levis and discolor in full flower, growing in company with Magnolia glauca, the flowers of which are used by the religious Indians in decorating their places of worship. "Tabaa, being situate in “ tierra caliente," or the warm country, produces some fine Pine apples, Oranges,Plantains, Sugar- E Wor q. BE 39 ms Lote dag - ia Parr II SOCIETY ICULTURAL LONDON. SECOND SERIES. PALL-MALL ; $6 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, BY W. NICOL, ALL PARTS OF THE 3 AND AS IN BOOKSELLE SOLD BY THE PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. VII. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1842. By Mr. Rosert Tuomeson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. p. 163 VIII. On the Exhaustion of Soils. By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. F. R.S., F.L.S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 189 IX. On Seed-steeping. By Epwarp Sorry, Esg., F. R.S., F.L. S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 197 X. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1843. By Mr. RosERT Tuomrson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society’ s Garden. p. 211 XI. A Calendar, for four months, of the Weather, Natural History and Country Operations, at Foo-chow-foo. By G. TRADESCANT Lay, Esq., Her Majesty's Acting Consul at that place. p. 237 XII. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by Plants at different periods of the Day. Second Series. By Jonn LipLEv, Ph. D., F. R. S. p. 247 DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. - to face page 161 A - 163 211 Achimenes picta E - : Meteorological Diagram for 1842 - « Ditto Ditto for 1843 - P 2 oe By Mr. Turopore Hartwec. 129 cane, Cherimoyers and Coffee. Descending towards Santa Ger- trudes I found a small bean, the seeds of which resemble those of Abrus precatorius, and are said to be employed with success against the bite of the little venomous spider called Chiatatlahua. Passing over the steep ascent of the CUESTA DE MATA HOMBRE I found some Orchidacec which had previously been seen near Taba; the woods consisted of a variety of Pines and Oaks. Descend- ing towards the river Tabaa luxuriant vegetation gradually disap- pears, and the arid soil only produces stunted Mimosas, Agaves, tall Cerei, and a few straggling specimens of Cyrtopodium punctatum. The same vegetation continues ascending the other side towards Villa-alta. From the latter place to Tonaguia, the road leads through many ravines, and the vegetation is similar to that of Tabaa. The inkplant, “ Xuquilite,” Justicia atramentaria, was pointed out to me here as a great curiosity. To produce the ink the foliage and young shoots are enveloped in large leaves, such as those of Plantains, and are gently heated over the fire for a few minutes, after which a black fluid is expressed from them, and used instead of ink. Its chief use with the Indians, near whose houses some plants are generally to be met with, is in a diluted state, to give their linen a blueish appearance. I never found the plant wild; in its cultivated state it forms a compact erect shrub three feet high. Towards ComaLTEPEQUE, species of Arum, Pothos, and Heli- conia, indicating a true tropical climate, make their appearance, the Mammee trees are covered with a variety of Orchidacec and Tillandsias, and, such is the fertility of the soil, assisted by a con- stant heavy dew and mist, that three crops of Indian corn are ob - tained on the same piece of ground in one year. Between Comaltepeque and Cuoapan the mountains are partly destitute of trees ; woods of deciduous Oaks still occur, and trees of Pinus oocarpa which latter seems to enjoy a high temperature. Near RoABELA, pine apples were growing wild along the road ; S VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. 130 | Notes of a Visit to Mexico, the fruit they produced was small and worthless, but was said to improve much when cultivated. At Yaranvui the vegetation is most luxuriant; Pines cease to grow, but the higher parts are still covered with deciduous Oaks. Here the Cordillera, which had been entered at a distance of two leagues from Oaxaca, is passed; the whole distance being about fifty leagues. Towards IocurAPAx the “ bajos," or lowlands, bor- dering on the gulf of Mexico begin, Palms become more frequent, and the first Cotton plantations occur. At Praya Vicente Palms covered large spaces of ground ; and the thermometer stood at 2 P.M. at 94° Fahr. At the Rancuerta pe Buena Vista the Oaks composing forests are small, vegetation assumes a dry aspect, and the large tracts of savannahs were parched up. Towards the Sanruarto Cotton plantations became more frequent, and three species of Palm were observed. The temperature of the lowlands was 95° in the shade during the day, and 83° at night. From this place which is one hundred leagues from Oaxaca, I returned by the same road as far as Comaltepeque. From the latter place to ToroxvEPEQuE the vegetation bears a great similarity to that of Tonaguia, from which it is separated by a high ridge. In the more elevated parts the Amber tree, Liqui- dambar styraciflua, forms a large tree and its secretion is highly valued by the Indians in dressing wounds. The village of Toton- tepeque is about 4,000 feet above the level of the sea, and enjoys a temperature of 65° to 75" all the year round ; the climate is par- ticularly well adapted to the growth of Coffee of which there are some patches; the Granadilla (Passiflora stipularis) is very common, as also the “ Aguacate” or Alligator pear, a species of Persea, with a large globular fruit and thick rind. From Comaltepeque the road for nearly eight leagues rises con- tinually until it reaches its highest point, the “ cumbre " or sum- mit of Totontepeque, which by several barometrical observations By Mr. Turopore Hartwec. 131 is determined to be between 9,000 and 10,000 feet above the level ofthe sea; the temperature on the 13th of May at two o'clock P.M. was 58° Fahr. The deep vallies and ravines surrounding this moun- tain no doubt contribute in a great measure to heighten the tem- perature, which in combination with the heavy dews and mists, produces a most luxuriant vegetation, which, under ordinary cir- cumstances, could not be expected at such an elevation. The whole mountain, up to the summit, is covered with large evergreen Oaks and other forest trees, and their branches were loaded with a variety of Tillandsia and Cereus Ackermanni, the latter in full bloom, vying in richness of colour with Epidendrum vitellinum. The first flowers I saw of that rare and magnificent Epidendrum were at such an elevation on the trees that I was unable to recog- nize what they were, until on the descent, about 400 feet lower, I fell in with more, and procured several large masses; in the same locality I found Fuchsia splendens in flower and seed, from which many plants have been raised and distributed. Towards the village of Beraza the vegetation is very poor, and the soil, from its aridity, scarcely cultivated. From Betaza to Yariwa the road leads again over the river of Tabaa, about two leagues higher than where it had been crossed before, and offers again the same dry parched appearance. Passing over the * MoxTE pe Yarına” I observed towards the summit Myrtus montana forming a shrub two feet high, having a great resemblance to the common narrow leaved kind. There also I found again Abies religiosa and Pinus Ayacahuite which had been met with on the Pelado which is separated by a deep ravine from the Monte de Yalina. Following the steep descent the same plants appeared that had been observed on the ascent to the Pelado, and after an absence of eight and twenty days, during Which time I travelled six hundred miles, I returned to the Ha- -€ienda del Carmen with several loads of plants. 132 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Having returned to Oaxaca and despatched my collections to Vera Cruz, I resolved to undertake a journey to the south coast. The road leads along cochineal plantations, through the valley of Oaxaca, for nearly ten leagues, and then enters the mountains near San Andres, without offering much more than a few Mimosas and Algarobia dulcis. Near the Rancho del Aye, the river of Oaxaca, is bordered by fine specimens of Taxodium distichum, some of which measure between 4 and 5 feet in diameter. Ascending the moun- tain, I observed a tall Cereus, a Cyrtopodium, and afew Epiphytes. About two leagues further on, the mountains are well covered with a variety of Oaks and Pines, and from thence to the sugar plan- tation of Santa Ana, the same barrenness prevails as had been obser- ved the day before. Near San Miguel Sola, I found Cypripedium molle in full flower, growing in the shade of Oaks. The vailey of Santa Ana is barren and destitute of trees ; sugar cane however is cultivated ; but from the dryness of the soil and atmosphere, it does not succeed without artificial irrigation. "Towards the Monte de la Virgin the vegetation improves; it was in this wood that I first found the Hand-tree, Cheirostemon platanoides, which here forms a tree 60 feet in height; it was at the time in which I first saw it covered with half ripe seed pods. A tree of this kind stands in the Botanic Garden of the city of Mexico, and another grows near Toluca, both of which have attained some celebrity, as no traveller who has seen them has ever failed to extol their rarity, they being considered to be the only two trees of the kind in existence until this station was found out. Between Juquila, where I found Catasetum laminatum and other Orchidacee, and the villages of Panistlahuaca and Tepanistlahuaca, where I met with Dioscorea macrostachya, the savannahs offering but little during the dry season, I found a high ridge and arrived at San Juan Qurace, where I discovered some very interesting plants. Towards Tecojomulco, Pine woods intermixed with Oaks, continue to the descent to San Andres in the valley of Oaxaca. By Mr. Tueovore Hanrwzc. 133 After returning to the town of Oaxaca and despatching the col- lections which I brought with me from the south coast, I made an excursion to the CurNANTLA, which had been represented as being particularly worthy of my attention. The district so called lies in the mountains north of Oaxaca and comprises several Indian villages ; it is intersected by several large rivers which empty themselves in the Gulf of Mexico, measures about thirty leagues in length, and from one to five in breadth, and produces nearly all the tropical fruits cultivated in Mexico in addition to the Soursop ( Achras mammosa ) which is rarely seen in other parts of that country, and the “ Palao,’ a species of Passiflora, having a yellow fruit three inches in length and two and a half in diameter; the pulp of this being rather acid is chiefly used in making refreshments. The whole district of the Chinantla from its broken surface and well wooded mountains offers a great variety of climate and vegeta- tion, but from my visit happening near the end of the dry season my exertions did not meet my expectations. Having returned to Oaxaca and despatched my collections to Vera Cruz, I prepared to resume my journey to Guatemala. The following plants collected in the state of Oaxaca have flowered or been raised in the garden, viz. : Epidendrum diotum Catasetum laminatum o var. — chleatum — virgatum Maxillaria elegans — radiatum Peristeria Barkeri — asperum Gongora maculata alba — bractescens Lelia albida — arbuscula — autumnalis — fragrans — acuminata — gladiatum Ornithocephalus reflexus — vitellinum Stanhopea saccata — falcatum ulata Chysis Ie Oncidium reflexum var. — d ascendens — sanguineum ensatum — incu nés ar he Calenndes Acropera Loddigesii Cyrtochilum hastatum Catasetum maculatum Cattleya ci cnc eg sas E Dioscorea macrostachya Bessera elegans Oxalis sp. Mammillaria divergens — il ns globosa Echinocactus macrodiscus 134 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Cereus sp. Dipsacozamia mexicana Amaryllis sp. Bocconia sp. Eeheveria acutifolia Rigidella immaculata. On the 13th of August I finally left Oaxaca for Central America, passing once more near that extraordinary tree Taxodium dis- tichum, which I had visited before on an unsuccessful excursion to the ancient palaces of Mitla. This tree stands in the village of Santa Maria del Ule, about seven leagues south-east of Oaxaca ; it measures at 6 feet from the ground 321 Spanish yards, or 98 feet English measure in circumference, and is I believe the largest tree ofits kind on record. "The stem is not perfectly round, for several board-like exerescences descend the main stem in a longitudinal direction from a height of fifteen feet; these when they reach the ground are from 6 to 8 feet distant from the stem. At the height of 40 feet, the branches, each of which are good-sized trees of several feet in diameter, separate. The top, enormous although it appears, is not in proportion to the stem, both together measuring barely 100 feet in height. The tree grows in dry burning soil, it is surrounded by houses, and is in. perfect health ; Santa Maria del Ule, the name of the village in which this tree stands, derives the apposition “ Ule" from the tree, and is still known by this name in other parts of the country where the same language is spoken. When we consider that at the conquest of Mexico the Spaniards allowed the name of this tree to be affixed to the patron saint of the village, the tree must have been even at that period of consi- derable size. This, although the tree is common in the milder parts on the eastern declivity of the great mountain range north of the city of Mexico, is the most southern specimen of the kind with which I fell in, and it has in all probability been brought from the north, and planted there like the Hand-tree, the two soli- tary specimens of which existing in the city of Mexico and near the town of Toluca, must have been brought from the south. After leaving the valley of Oaxaca, the road gradually descends to the shores of the Pacific, along which I travelled for about one By Mr. Turopore Hartwee. 135 hundred and thirty leagues. The rainy season having set in, and having already experienced difficulties in passing some rivers, I was obliged to abandon my plan of following the coast road to Gua- temala. From the farm of Espiritu Santo, I struck in for the moun- tain road of Chiapas, and after a journey of three days I arrived at Comiran, which is the last Mexican town on the frontiers of Central America, it is distant from the city of Guatemala one hun- dred leagues. After entering the confines of Central America, the road becomes more uneven until it reaches the highest point at Rosario, which, judging from the stunted appearance of Juni- perus mexicana growing a few hundred feet above the range of Abies religiosa, is at an elevation of nearly 11,000 feet. Near GuEecvETENANGO and CaraANTLA I first found Lela super- biens, then opening fine rose-coloured flowers, which were sup- ported on a stem from 3 to 5 feet in length ; in the more shaded places, overhanging mountain torrents, I have observed the flower- stem sometimes 9 feet in length, but never more. On the 26th of October I arrived in the town of QUEZALTE- NANGO, and finding the surrounding mountains likely to furnish plants suited to fulfil the object of my mission, I resolved to stay there. Quezaltenango is about 8,500 feet above the level of the sea, and is situated at the foot of the active voleano Xetuh, the summit of which is about 1,500 feet above the town; the lower portion of this mountain is partly cultivated; a few hundred feet higher up some stunted oaks, on which I found Odontoglossum pygmeum, are growing in company with Comarostaphylis arbu- toides, the latter forming a tree 18 feet in height ; near the crater of Xetuh I found Fuchsia cordifolia and the little Polygonum vol- canicum. This voleano, when it first broke out, which is about forty-eight years ago, had been densely wooded, and a few large, dry, and blackened stems of Pinus Ayacahuite, some of which are still erect and-overhanging the crater, bear witness to the fact. At the foot of Xetuh, as well as that of the neighbouring mountain 136 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Santa Maria, the Ayacahuite, there called Tablas, is still common, and there are equally large trees with those observed on the Pelado in the Sierra of Oaxaca. It was at this station that I at length suc- ceeded in obtaining a supply of ripe cones, which have been amply distributed among members of the society, and from which plants have been raised at the garden. It will no doubt prove quite hardy. Following the road at the foot of Xetuh for nearly three miles, I arrived at “ Las Cruces,” where I found Solandra grandi- flora producing large yellow flowers, and clinging for support to other trees. Las Cruces is merely a place where a few rudely made crosses are fixed by the road side, in order to apprize the traveller, ascending from the lowlands, that he has reached the highest point on the road; this place is held in great veneration by the Indians, who often adorn the crosses with flowers, or burn incense, which is the produce of an Elaphrium found in the province of Soconusco. Descending gradually from Las Cruces towards the village of Santa Maria, I first found Achimenes pedunculata with a slender naked stem, 1 foot in height, havinga few leaves at the top, and seldom bearing more than two flowers. The original plant is scarcely to be recognized in the large fine specimens cultivated in this country. Peristeria Barkeri, Odontoglossum grande, and Rossii, with On- cidium leucochilum, were also met with near Santa Maria. Travelling to the village of Retahluleu, in the lowlands, near the shores of the Pacific Ocean, the road passes along the foot of the mountain Santa Maria, until it descends into the gloomy forests of the temperate region, where the showy Justicia umbrosa, ma- crantha, and incqualis, all of which failed to vegetate in the gardens, attracted my attention; there I also found for the first time Quercus Skinneri, with its extraordinary acorn; the specimens rose to the height of 50 feet, Passing from these temperate parts towards Retahluleu, Orchi- dacee became more plentiful, and Epidendrum Stamfordianum, E. asperum, Fernandezia elegans, Brassavola venosa and Lelia By Mr. Tueopore Harrwec. 137 acuminata, were found in abundance growing on the Calabash tree (Crescentia Cujete) in that village. This tree is peculiarly adapted to their growth. On an excursion to Sunit I passed near the morass of Almo- longa, where I found Escobedia linearis growing in great abund- ance, and apparently enjoying a swampy situation, although often seen in dry and heavy soil. The root yields a yellow dye, resembling saffron. Upon entering the defile, after leaving the morass, I found Cobea macrostema in full bloom, covering with slender vines any- thing with which it happened to come in contact. The village of Sunil is situated on the western declivity of Xetuh, nearly on the same level as Quezaltenango, but, being surrounded by high mountains, the flora is materially different from that on the burnt up fields near that town. The following is a list of the plants procured about Quezalte- nango, which have flowered or exist at the Garden : Oncidium leucochilum — nebulosum ERGOEOIDORITR grande Rossii — pulchellum Epidendrum asperu Pa ae Lælia acuminata — superbiens Fuchsia cordifolia Phaseolus sp. Comarostaphylis arbutoides Passiflora stipulacea Centropogon cordifolius Salvia involucrata Maxillaria variabilis Dinema polybulbon Rubus trilobus Hartwegia purpurea Polygonum volcanicum Hexadesmia fasciculata Convolvulus sp. Trichopilia tortilis Bouvardia strigosa Fernandezia elegans Pinus Ayacahuite. rassavola venosa Having packed up my collections, and having failed to procure mules to carry the chests to Guatemala, I hired some Indians to trans- port them on their backs ; this sort of conveyance, although novel to me at that time, I subsequently made use of whenever quadrupeds could not be procured, or when care and despatch were required. The only drawback connected with the Indians is, that they must be- fore starting get intoxicated with the money they receive on account VOL. IJI. 2ND SERIES. jx 138 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, of freight, and then by way of diversion they commence fighting ; this done, they resume their journey with sorrowful countenances, and contrive by forced marches to arrive within the stipulated time. The load for an Indian weighs from 80 to 150 lbs., and with this they will walk ten and fifteen days in succession, performing each day a journey of from twenty to twenty-five miles. The remu- neration they receive is half of that of a mule load, which is always composed of two parcels, or about one shilling for every ten miles. Once more I resumed my journey to Guatemala. After leaving Quezaltenango, and travelling about two miles along the swampy plain, which is considered to be the source of the river Motagua, the road gradually rises towards the village of Toronicapan; the ascent becomes then more steep, and the sides of the mountain become covered with large evergreen Oaks, with scarcely any under shrubs except a few bushes of Viburnum discolor. Passing gradually from the region of Oaks to that of the Pinuses, I once more found some remarkably fine trees of Abies religiosa, to- gether with Pinus Hartwegii. I may here observe, that this is the most southern station of Abies religiosa, with which I am ac- quainted, it having now been found at various places between 15° and 22° S.L. ; its chief range however, is about 19°. Passing over a slightly undulated surface I reached the high table land, which is thinly wooded with stunted trees of Alnus mexicana, on which I found in great luxuriance, the pretty little Ar- pophyllum alpinum, with short spikes of dark purple flowers. The elevation of this plain above the sea is at least 10,000 feet, and the black voleanie soil of which it is composed is chiefly occupied by a long coarse grass, which grows in large tufts, giving not the slightest chance to other plants. Cattle will not eat this grass. Having crossed the plain I arrived at the descent to the farm of Argueta, which is known by the name of CUESTA DE LA ÅL- HAJA; here my attention was arrested by the showy Ozylepis lanata, resembling in habit the dwarfer kinds of Helenium, and By Mr.'Tugoponr Hanrwzc. 139 bearing several large yellow flowers on a stem of 18 inches in height. Near this place a singular custom is observed by the Indians, who, with loads on their backs, put their feet into a hollow rudely resembling the foot of a human being, made by nature in a large Hat rock by the road-side. This precaution. they say is necessary in order to prevent them from making a false step on the descent to Argueta. I have no doubt that the carriers of my chests of plants from Quezaltenango, went through this ceremony of " footing." Descending the Cuesta de la Alhaja, where I found Passiflora membranacea and the pretty Rigidella immaculata, the latter growing in a dry hard loam, the ground becomes more uneven, and is for the greater part covered with evergreen Oaks, and Pinus oocarpoides. Near Santiago, I found Pinus filifolia, producing large cones and long foliage and rising to the height of 40 feet ; judging from its habit and the exposed situation in which it was found, it will no doubt prove as hardy as most Mexican Pines. Having arrived at the descent towards the village of Mixco, a beautiful panorama of the town of GvaTEMALA, which lay in the plain below, burst open to the view ; the pleasure I felt after such a long and toilsome, but withal interesting journey, may be easier imagined than described. The plain or rather valley of Guatemala, Which is fifteen miles in length by nine in width, enjoys a delight- ful temperature, resembling that of the month of May or June in England; the lowest temperature I observed was in February, when the thermometer occasionally falls to 60° in the morning, and the warmest was in April, when it sometimes rises as high as 80°; during the rest of the year it ranges from 70° to 75°. The plain in which Guatamela is situated, is about 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, and yet Sugarcane, Bananas, Coffee, Cherimogers, Custard Apple, Peaches, Spondias Myrobalanus, (from the fruit of which * Chicha," a favourite beverage of the 140 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Indians is prepared), and Indian Corn succeed at this elevation. Morus multicaulis, which has lately been introduced for rearing the silkworm, thrives most vigorously and produces leaves during the whole year. 'The silk produced is of the finest quality and promises to become an important article of exportation. The greater part of the valley of Guatemala is under cultivation, and produces excellent erops of Zndian Corn; the ravines by which it is surrounded on three sides, vary in depth from 100 to 500 feet ; they have evidently been made, and are still being made daily, by the water from the plain and surrounding mountains, after a heavy shower, having washed away the thin cover of ferruginous clay, till it reaches the crumbled pumicestone of which the plain is composed, when that light material is also carried away by the flood. The sides of these ravines slope at an angle of 45° more or less, and a rivulet of insipid water winds its way through most of them. The pumicestone is not suitable for vegetation, unless it is well decomposed and mixed with vegetable matter; in this state it 1s the favourite soil of Sobralia macrantha, which is one of the most splendid of the Guatemala Orchidacee, unfolding, for several weeks in succession, rich crimson flowers, from 6 to 8 inches in diameter, supported on a reed-like stem, and forming a beautiful contrast be- tween the dwarf, but not less handsome, Achimenes longiflora, growing by its side. his Achimenes, like pedunculata, has also been materially improved by proper cultivation. The flowers have become nearly double the size and are produced in greater abundance than in its native place. The valley of Guatemala is destitute of trees, and for the greater part also of shrubs; it is chiefly on the sides of the ravines that Oncidium Cavendishianum, leucochilum and Epidendrum auram- lacum are to be found. One of my first excursions after examining the vegetation about Guatemala was to the * Chorro,” a little cascade by the roadside, about 12 miles N.E. of the capital; here I found again, though By Mr. Turovore Harrwea. 141 not plentifully, Brassavola glauca, with large white lip and slightly scented flowers, growing in company with Cyrtochilum maculatum var., Russelianum, Epidendrum varicosum, and fragrans, Brassia guttata and brachiata, the latter remarkable for its long narrow sepals spotted with brown. On the steep rocks overhang- ing the rivulet the “ Papelillo” (Caloseris rupestris Benth.) with long panicle and large leaves which are white underneath, formed a beautiful object. The stem of this plant is covered with a yellowish wool, which is used as a substitute for tinder. The woods about this place are composed of evergreen Oaks, and espe- cially of Pinus oocarpoides, which attains the height of 50 feet ; the chief range of this is at an elevation of about 4,000 feet, and though it descends nearly to the shore of the Bay of Honduras, it never occurs on the South coast, or higher than 5,000 feet above the level of the sea. It is to be feared that it will prove too tender for English gardens. The same may be said of Pinus tenuifolia, which I found in ravines east of Guatemala, and on the mountains of Choacus in the province of Vera Paz, only a few hundred feet higher than Pinus oocarpoides. In the more sheltered places I often found this 100 feet in height and from 3 to 47 feet in diameter at the base. Scarcely a shrub or herbaceous plant is found in these Pine tracts. On an excursion to the lowlands bordering on the Pacific Ocean, the road led me through the valley of Guatemala, and after a short but rather steep descent, I passed the lake of AMATITLAN, and entered the village of the same name. The dry atmosphere and arid soil are not favourable to much variety in the vegetation, but are well adapted to the cochineal which is here produced in great abundance and of the finest quality. Following the gradual descent, and entering shaded woods, I met with Stanhopea saccata, Trichopilia tortilis, Mormodes lineatum, the latter scenting the air With its fragrant flowers, and Cycnoches ventricosum. The latter, now well known for its tendency to sport never did so as far as I could 142 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, observe in its native haunt. Although Mr. SKINNER, who was with me on one of these excursions, called my attention to the then sup- posed C. Egertonianum, yet among several dozen plants that I had collected out of flower, after careful examination I could only dis- cover the short flower stem of Cycnoches ventricosum.* The village of EscurNTLA, where I next arrived, is on the same level as Retahluleu, which I had visited from Quezaltenango, and it yielded me the same plants found at thelatter place with the ad- dition however of Catasetum maculatum, and integerrimum, Aspasia epidendroides, Oncidium ascendens, and the large variety, of am- pliatum, Epidendrum macrochilum, Brassavola venosa, Trigonidium Egertonianum and Cattleya Skinneri ; the latter I found inhabit- ing the highest trees, in abundance, in full bloom in the month of February, in the damp and gloomy woods looking towards the sea. From Escuintla I returned over Mepro Monre to Antigua Guatemala. The name of Medio Monte is applied to the wood between the fire and water volcanoes, which at their base are only a few hundred yards apart; this wood furnished me with some fine specimens of Oncidium ornithorhynchum, Maxillaria cruenta, and aromatica; and in the higher parts, Oncidium macrantherum, and O. Wentworthianum, witha long flower stem resembling in habit O. leucochilum ; here also afew small plants of Barkeria spectabilis have been found. Some fine masses of the latter as well as of Epidendrum Skinneri, Oncidium Cavendishianum and Stanhopeas are sometimes seen in the villages of Mixco, Sumpango, and Alote- nango, where they are stuck on the trees near the houses, merely surrounded at the roots with clay to prevent them from being d = similar freak of Nature I obseryed in Guatemala with Sobralia macrantha which had its usual large crimson flowers on one stem, whilst on another of the same plant I observed the small and condensed flowers of the genus Evelyna. This plant I care- fully removed and transmitted to the Society's Garden with the head of the Evelyna attached to it. It has since flowered, but only produced the flowers of Sobralia macrantha, By Mr. Turoporr Hanrwza. 143 blown down, by this means they form better plants and flower more freely than in their native woods. The Indians, who grow them for the sake of the flowers to adorn their altars, are generally very reluctant to part with these plants. The Votcan pr Aqua, or water volcano rises to the height of 12,600 feet above the level of the sea, and is about 6,000 feet higher than the plain on which Antigua Guatemala or the old town of Guatemala is built; it is regular on all sides, representing the form of a sugar loaf with the point cut off. It received the name of Volcan de Agua from the Spaniards, under Alvarado, who after subduing the country, formed a settlement at the foot of this mountain. It, however, was soon destroyed by a torrent of water issuing forth from the summit, and carrying every thing before it. The deep furrows which the water made in its descent, although now again covered with vegetation, are still plainly visible even from the new town of Guatemala, a distance of 25 miles. The lower region of this volcano is under cultivation, or is pasture land, while at an elevation of 9,000 feet a girdle of trees passes round it, the most conspicuous of which is Cheirostemon platanoides, which also occurs at the same elevation on the Volcan de F uego, where it attains the height of from 60 to 80 feet, often forming a stem of 4 feet in diameter. Having passed this region, a long grass covers the ground, which makes the hill, which is steep, still more difficult to ascend. A Veratrum like Zygadenus volcanicus, was found here, throwing up a branched flower stem of 3 feet in height, covered with pendulous scented flowers of a dingy yellow ; and by its side Berberis gracilis, which I recognised immediately by its slen- der growth and red petioles, although without either flower or seed. After much halting on account of the steep ascent and rarified air, which made breathing continually more difficult, I at length arrived at the brink of the crater, climbing the ascent from the village of Santa Maria in four hours. A few minutes delay would have de- prived me of the view I had, for the clouds arose rapidly from the 144 Notes of a Visit to Mexico, plain below, and soon obscured even the interior of the crater in such a manner that I could not clearly distinguish its sides after- wards, although I encamped in it for the night, and staid there part of the next day. : The crater is similar to an immense caldron,. about 300 feet in width at the top and 150 feet in depth. Its nearly perpendicular sides admit of only one descent, at a place where they appear to have fallen in, or to have been carried away by the eruption of the water. The bottom is perfectly flat and consists of black volcanic ashes, strewed with a few blocks of porphyry which had been detached from the sides above. The present state of the crater is not easily recon- ciled with the account of eruption of water that occurred about three centuries ago; for if we suppose the water to have sprung from an internal opening of the crater, how can we account for its present level state ? and if, as some have supposed, the water that burst forth, had been collecting in the crater during the heavy periodical rains with which that country is visited, how could the volcanie ashes, of which the bottom is composed, have retained it ? With regard to the ashes, found in the crater, we might ascribe the circumstance to the Fire volcano close by, (which even now throws out a column of smoke), if we had had any large eruptions on record posterior to that of the water. That the so called water volcano had at one time largely contributed in covering the country for leagues around with beds of ashes and pumice stone, we cannot for à moment doubt, considering its enormous crater. And with regard to the eruption of water, we shall not be far from the truth in as cribing it to a waterspout alighting near the crater; a circumstance not at allimprobable, for such occurrences are not rare. l have observed the effects of three of very recent date, one in the moun- tains of Oaxaca, and two in the Andes of Popayan, where the water in its descent swept away the largest trees, and left furrows similar to those on the Volcan de Agua. The bottom of the crater, which is but scantily covered with vege- By Mr.'Vurovore HanrwEc. 145 tation, furnished Aplopappus stoloniferus ; and a Commelynaceous plant which constitutes a new genus (Lampra volcanica Benth.) was found unfolding pretty white flowers where the blocks of stone afforded it a little protection, whilst in the more exposed places it had been nipped by frost. The only tree which grows near the crater and even inside of it is Pinus Hartwegii; and these speci- mens are equally large with those observed in Mexico. "The cones which had been but sparingly produced that season were then (in August) half ripe; and the squirrels which visit that desolate region had eaten them even in that state. During my stay in Guatemala, I saw this mountain twice covered with snow, or rather with hailstones ; but the top not being within the limits of perpetual snow, the latter seldom lies more than two or three days. No water being found on the ascent after leaving the village of Santa Maria, I had to include that article among my provisions, although I was rather liberally supplied from above, during the night which I passed in the crater. Crossing the plain of Guatemala in a southerly direction, I as- cended the gentle acclivity of the Cuesta DE PINULA, and arrived at the farm of AnnAsora, which is situated about 500 feet above the plain. The undulated surface, clothed with a green sward and detached shrubberies, presented a beautiful picture, and strongly reminded me of park scenery in England. In the shaded woods in dells, I found Odontoglossum grande, bearing from 3 to 4 large showy flowers on a spike; in the more exposed situations Orni- thocephalus inflexus, Celia macrostachya, with dense spike of rose- coloured flowers, and Oncidium pergameneum, bicallosum, and the latter with a flower-stem equalling the leaves, and large Yellow flowers, were collected. Having here received instructions from the Council of the Society, to proceed to the equatorial Andes, I packed ee ey collection ; duplicates from which I remitted from time to time. The following is a list of plants collected in Guatemala, which VOL. III. 2ND SERIES, : 146 Notes of a Visit to Guayaquil, have flowered in the garden; besides these, however, there are many Orchidaceous and other plants, which have as yet not shown any disposition to flower. Aspasia pter. ce arkeria spec Brassavola ce — venosa Brassia brachiata ttata gu Catasetum integerrimum aurantiacum diotum incumbens lacertinum macrochilum polyanthum se virgatum Soris S Pp Lelia superbiens uminata Mormodes i ete cum Notylia bi báo Odontoglossum bictoniense latum — Cavendishianum — Cebolleta Oncidium filipes — macrantherum — icrochilum — ornithorhynchum — pergameneum — sphacelatum — — var. — Suttoni Wentworthianum Bébralas macrantha Spiranthes rosulata — cerina — grandiflora Tone saccata ardii var "T chovbnbbuim candidum Trichopilia tortilis Trigonidium Egertonii Achimenes Vibes soe m culat Avistilachia: Gigas Begonia crassicaulis tifolia Cheirostemon platanoides Drymonia punctata Fuchsia splendens Gesnera longifolia Nipheea oblonga Passiflora membranacea Pinus filifolia — tenuifolia — oocarpoides Quercus callosa kinneri Rigidella immaculata alvia prunelloi Zygadenus "Ul cnlenp. Being unable to procure a passage to Guayaquit whither I had By Mr. Turoporte Hartwec. 147 orders to proceed, in consequence of the little traffic carried on between the two countries, I eventually sailed from the port of REALEJO, and after what might be considered a fine passage of 36 days, I landed at Carra4o on the coast of Peru. Having stopped here for a few days, I made an excursion from Lima towards AcoBAMBA. This is situated in the CorpiLLERA, which rises behind the capital and which attains its highest point at the Toldo de nieve, (tent of snow), being a broad sheet of perpetual snow visible from Callao. The lower part of this Cordillera, and indeed the whole coast of Peru, from the total absence of rain, presents a most desolate appearance, and the eye in vain searches for a green spot for relief. Entering the ravines, I observed a few plants of Cereus senilis and another tall growing species ; the for- mer however seldom attains more than 10 feet in height, nor has it the long white hairs with which that species is covered in Mexico. Near the solitary bluff rock, called Paucacha, which is barely within the influence of the periodical rains, I found a beautiful bright orange-flowered Tacsonia, also Oxalis rubrocincta, Berberis deal- bata, Colletia horrida, and a Hesperomeles with long thorns. Returning to Lima, and finding that the vessel in which I had engaged a passage was to sail shortly, I repaired to CALLAO, and after a passage of nine days with a favourable breeze and current, we entered the river Guayas, on the right bank of which the town of GuAvaqviL is situated. The country hereaboutsis flat and well wooded, particularly along the river ; but the myriads of mosquitoes Which inhabit the thickets, make the examination of their flora anything but agreeable. "The thermometer ranges here from 80° to 85 throughout the year, with little variation during night; this temperature, which is considerably less than that of the east coast In a similar latitude, is no doubt owing to the high Cordillera in the interior, and also to numerous snow clad mountains, of which, Chimborazo is visible from the coast. "These no doubt contri- bute in lowering the temperature. 148 Notes of a Visit to Guayaquil, Orchidacee which I expected to find in abundance in the shaded woods along the river, were comparatively scarce, and my exertions were only rewarded with four species, which although they arrived safely have not yet flowered. Towards the middle of May the periodical rains, which make travelling in the Andes next to impossible, having ceased, I re- sumed my journey to Loxa. A three days sail in a canoe down the river Guayaquil, brought me to the village of Santa Rosa, from whence I started on the following day for the village of Paccha, which is distant about fourteen leagues, for the purpose of procuring mules to bring up my luggage. This journey gave me some insight with regard to the roads that I should have to take in pursuing my occupation in the Andes. The road as far the Tambo de la Chonta, a distance of seven leagues, leads through a narrow ravine, and crosses the rivulet which flows in it sixty-five times; these repeated crossings although the water is scarcely 3 feet in depth, became at every step worse, for the large stones, which had been carried down during the rains, rendered the footing of mules unsafe. The Tamgo pr LA CnoxrA, where I arrived towards the evening, is only a thatched roof supported on a few beams, afford- ing the weary traveller no other accommodation than that of shelter ; the ascent which had hitherto been comparatively trifling becomes steeper; and the large trees, Palms, and thick underwood bespeak a damp climate. The village of PAccua, (if twenty mud-built houses deserve the name), is about 5,000 feet above the level of the sea and enjoys 4 delightful temperature ; sugarcane, coffee, yuca, (J atropha Ma- nihot), oranges, pine-apples, come to perfection at this elevation. The shaded woods and dells furnished me a great variety of Or chi- dacee, among which an Oncidium from its singular habit particularly attracted my attention ; this plant throws up a slender branched flower stem from 10 to 12 feet in height and produces pseudo- bulbs from the stem itself; these in the course of time form plants By Mr. Turopvore HARTWEG. 149 again, sending their offspring a couple of yards higher up, and thus often a single plant runs up a tree 25 feet in height. This species together with twenty more, which I collected in these damp woods, was ill fitted to withstand the long journey round Cape Horn; and, consequently the greater part of them when they arrived in England were dead ; of those surviving, Stanhopea Bucephalus and Lycaste lanipes alone have flowered. From Paccha towards Loxa, the ground is extremely uneven. Near the Indian village El Sisne, at an elevation of nearly 9,000 feet, I found Stenomesson aurantiacum, displaying bright orange flowers, and several large-rooted species of Macleania, with Myrica macrocarpa, from the seeds of which the industrious Indians obtain a green wax, employed for religious purposes. De- scending to the valley of Er Caramayo, the presence of Agaves, Mimosas, a triangular Cereus, Schinus Molle (here called ** Molle," or pepper tree), Z/aphrium and Crotons, indicated a dry atmo- sphere. A tree called Arupo (Chionanthus pubescens, inhabiting the steep sides of the mountains, formed a conspicuous object; its delicate rose-coloured flowers, produced in great abundance before the leaves, are visible at a great distance, and contrast well with the apparently dead vegetation around. From the farm of El Catamayo, where sugar-cane is cultivated, to the town of Loxa, a distance of five leagues, the main Cordillera has to be crossed ; this part of the Andes is of easy access and is Scarcely more than 8,000 feet above the sea; it has formerly been à Cinchona forest, but since the Qwina has become an article of commerce, the Cinchona has gradually disappeared, on account of the bad system which is pursued in obtaining the bark by uprooting the plant. The best Quina or Cascarilla is yielded by Cinchona Condaminea, which is 6 feet in height ; several other Species of arborescent Cinchonas abound in the mountains of Loxa, but their bark is considered to be inferior to this, In the more exposed situations of this Cordillera, I collected, several 150 Notes of a Visit to Guayaquil, species of Befaria, also Macleanias having large fleshy roots, Vacciniums, Fuchsia loxensis, Barnadesia spinosa, Berberis glauca, Alstrómerias, Hypericum laricifolium, yielding a yellow dye, a Viburnum and Lupinus semperflorens, the latter forming a shrub 12 feet in height, and flowering profusely throughout the year. Orchidacec also, are to be met with at this elevation, but they are more abundant in the woods a few hundred feet lower; the damp atmosphere which prevails about Loxa, is favourable to the growth of that class of plants, but renders them unfit to undergo a long journey; of seventy species which I collected here, very few succeeded after their arrival in England. The thermometer at Loxa, stands generally between 60° and 65°; the rainy season sets in in December and lasts until May, when it is followed by the “ paramos,” light but continued rains unaccompanied by thun- der. These paramos are peculiar to the more elevated parts of the Andes, where that term is also applied to the grass lands (pajonal) above the regions of trees ; they seldom pass their pre- scribed limits by descending into the warm vallies or down to the coast; an instance of which I observed on my arival at Loxa from El Catamayo, for in a distance of five leagues, in the former place it had been raining for several days, whilst in the latter every thing was burnt up by the continued drought. About Loxa, the lower region of the mountains, to which I made frequent visits; furnished me with Tropeolum peltophorum, Lupinus arvensis; Berberis loxensis, an Oreocallis, several species of Rubus, Hy- pericum, Monnina, and Alstrómeria, whilst the more elevated parts were rich in Composite and Ericacee. A small tree called Ducu (Clusia Ducu Benth.) is also found in this region, exuding a yellowish transparent resin from the stem, which is used as incense. The Wax palm (Ceroxylon andicola) occurs at an elevation of nearly 8,000 feet; the stem, which attains 60 feet in height By Mr. Turoponr Hanrwzo. 151 and from 12 to 18 inches in diameter, is in the larger specimens covered with a thin coating of a whitish, waxy substance. This when purified in hot water, becomes compact, and acquires a cream colour. It is generally mixed with a little tallow if made into candles, being of too brittle a nature to be worked by itself; it then burns with a bright flame without any smell or smoke. The quantity of wax from a full grown palm varies from 12 to 25 pounds. In the ravine leading to the village of Saraguru, I found Brugman- sia sanguinea called Guando, forming a shrub 12 feet in height ; the seed-pod of this, as well as the seeds, is considered to be highly nar- cotic, and to cause death. In this ravine I likewise found a Walnut allied to Juglans nigra, called Tocte, several Melastomaceous and Myrtaceous shrubs, Eccremocarpus longiflorus, and a pale yellow flowering Trope@olum, the latter ascending to the tops of the highest trees. On the bluff rocks near the village, I observed Phycella chloracra, having scarlet flowers tipped with green, but from its inaccessible habitat, I could procure only a few bulbs, - After a stay of four months in Loxa, during which time I formed large collections of plants and seeds, I resumed my journey, and arrived at the town of Cuenca, which is forty leagues north of Loxa, and became my head quarters. The greater part of the road, after emerging from the ravine of Saraguru, leads over the Pa- ramo (grass lands) at an elevation of from 10,000 to 11,000 feet above the level of the sea. Near the Tambo de Marivifia, I found Odontoglossum pardinum, growing on trees, associated with Berberis conferta and glauca, two species of Osteomeles, a tall shrubby Lobelia with large yellow flowers, Alstrémerias, a Ribes with greenish flowers and several shrubby Hypericums. Having made repeated excursions to the neighbouring mountains with no great Success, I visited the warm valley called Yunguilla, where I was rewarded with the bulbs of a yellow flowering Cybister, a scarlet 152 Notes of a Visit to Guayaquil, Phycella, and a large rooted Gesnera, all flowering before the leaves appear.* Towards the end of re ee 1842, I left Cuenca and reached RiosamBa, by passing over the Paramo del Assuay, which lies at an elevation of 15,000 feet above the level of the sea. This *highway," being the only means of communication between the two towns, is justly dreaded by the natives, as the sudden hail- storms and rain, with which this desolate region is visited, make travelling at all times a hazardous undertaking. The highest point of Assuay is about 500 feet above the road, or 15,520 feet above the sea, and is consequently scarcely within the limits of perpetual snow, although repeatedly covered with it in summer, during the dry season, which is from June to October, when the snow-line in the Andes descends much lower than during the rainy season or winter. At this elevation several species of Gentiana, Culcitium rivale, Sida phyllanthos, with a large purple flower resembling a Crocus, and a small creeping Lupine were observed ; in wet places a red Lycopodium, called in the Quichua language Hatun condenado (great devil) is abundant; highly medicinal pro- perties are ascribed to this plant by the natives, who employ it for the cure of that horrible disease, Mal de San Lazaro CElephantia- sis tuberculata), which is so common in the equatorial Andes ; but I could not learn that they derive any benefit from its application. RiopamsBa, or Crupap pr Borrvan, as it is now called, agreeably toa late decree of the equatorial government, stands in the midst of a sandy plain almost destitute of vegetation, at an elevation of 9,472 feet. The majestic Chimborazo, which rises gradually out of the plain at a-distance of six leagues, attaining the height of 21,441 feet above the sea, with Carguairazo a little to the north, and Tun- guragua and Capac Urcu, called El Atar by the Spaniards, in the north east, form a magnificent mountain prospect if viewed from the * The box containing the above, as wellas the seeds and dried specimens collected about Cuenca, were despatched via Guayaquil, but never reached England. By Mr. TnEgoponr Hanrwrc. 153 great square in Riobamba. Chimborazo, like most elevated plains in the Andes, is destitute of trees and shrubs ; the highest range of cul- tivation we find is, at the farm of Cnvovirorro, at an elevation of 11,500 feet ; barley, potatoes, * Mayua” ( Trope@olum tuberosum), “ Oka” ( Oxalis tuberosa), and Lucerne, form the chief objects of agriculture. Here I found Salvia macrostachya, a Castilleja, Plan- lago, Calceolaria ericoides, Alchemillas, a Ranunculus, a Rumez, with large leaves resembling R. Patientia, several species of Bac- charis, Grasses and Zonidium parviflorum. The latter is called “ Cuichunchullu,' (i. e. bowels of the guinea pig,) and is in repute as a remedy for the mal de San Lazaro, but from the frequency of that disorder in Riobamba, Huano, and Cuenca, where the Cuichunchullu is so easily procured, and where no complete cure of confirmed leprosy has ever been effected, it may be con- cluded that its virtues are greatly exaggerated. The ascent from the farm of Chuquipollo to the snow-line, a distance of nine miles, is easily accomplished in three hours ; judging from the eye, the distance seems much less than it really is, a deception arising from the brilliancy of the snow. Two or three species of grass, which leave but little chance for other plants, densely cover the ground, until at an elevation of about 15,000 feet, they gradually give way to the more interesting Alpine flora, which extends to the limits of perpetual snow. Among the plants collected here, I may mention several species of Gentiana, Valeriana, Lycopodium, Draba aretioides, Arabis andicola, a Ja- miesonia, Cerastium | densum, Astragalus geminiflorus, several species of Lupinus, among which L. alopecuroides, was remark- able for its dense inflorescence of 2 feet in height, and an Halenia. Culcitium reflexum, nivale and rufescens, or “ Fraylejon," with a woolly head and large cernuous flowers are found in abundance on the sandy tract within a few yards of the perpetual snow and at an elevation of 15,800 feet above the level of the sea. Having made several excursions to Penipe, the lake of Colta VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. X 154 Notes of a Visit to Quito, near the ruined town of Caxabamba and Tunguragua without find- ing many plants worthy of notice, I repaired to Qurro, about the middle of March 1842. The eastern declivity of Pichincha, at the foot of which the town of Quito is built, at an elevation of 9,400 feet, retains its verdure throughout the year; here Brugmansia sanguinea, a shrubby Euphorbia, Duranta triacantha, Prunus salicifolia, Clematis sericea, are employed in forming fences, whilst on uncultivated spots and by the sides of ravines we find Thibaudia acuminata, Salvia rubescens, Lamourouxia virgata, Gesnera ulmifolia, Lu- pinus pubescens, GZnothera sinuata, Sedum quitense, several species of Fern, Calceolaria, Solanum, Cestrum, Melastoma, Composite, and a few Grasses. The region of arborescent shrubs, which extends to an elevation of 12,000 feet, is chiefly composed of Buddlea pichinchensis, interrupta, and bullata, Barnadesia spinosa, Monnina nemorosa, Andromachia igniaria, the bark of which is used for tinder, several species of ZTypericum, and Baccharis, Eupa- torium glutinosum, called Matico, whose dried leaves reduced to powder are useful in stopping bleeding and healing wounds, Gaultheria pichinchensis, insipida, and purpurascens, Vi accinium Mortinia, Cremolobus peruvianus, the rich Fuchsia ampliata, with Rubus glabratus, pichinchensis, and glaucus, the latter bearing à large black fruit resembling a mulberry in flavour. Here was also a kind of Bamboo, which formed impenetrable thickets. The region we next enter is that of the Paramo, or Pajonal, pre- senting to the eye an unvaried expanse of long grass, constituting the pasture of the Andes; here we find Ranunculus peruvianus, Valeriana hirtella, Andromachia acaulis, Swertia umbellata, Werneria nubigena, a dwarf shrubby Vaccinium, Gentiana sedi- folia, the smallest in the Andes, the corolla of which closes imme- diately when taken up, Petroselinum depictum, and near the sandy crater, in addition to most of the plants observed on Chimborazo, Sida pichinchensis, Draba alyssoides, and in clefts of rocks the rare Saxifraga andicola. By Mr. Turopore Hanrwzc. 155 Pichincha attains a height of 15,979 feet, and although repeat- edly covered with snow, the latter seldom remains long. The line of perpetual congelation under the equator is fixed by Humboldt at 15,736 feet, but this limit admits of local variation, as for example on Cayambe, where a broad sheet of snow extends over a gradual descent, and is found as low as 14,200 feet ; whilst on Chimborazo, where the form of the mountain is more conical, it ascends to 16,000 feet. The crater of Pichincha, which looks like an im- mense ravine, having an opening towards the west coast or in the opposite direction of Quito, is inaccessible on all sides, and is probably not less than a thousand feet in depth. Many centuries have elapsed since it existed in full activity, when it must have largely contributed to covering the country around with pumice- Stone and ashes; now, though still smouldering, its present com- motions are the enfeebled efforts of age. The western declivity of Pichincha, to which I made frequent excursions, afforded me Andromachia solidaginea, Valeriana microphylla, Viburnum pichinchense, Arracacha acuminata, Tac- sonia quitensis with an oblong acidulous fruit, Rubus stipularis, Fuchsia sylvatica, sessiliflora, scabriuscula, and dependens, the latter forming a large shrub, producing numerous scarlet flowers at the points of the slender branches which give it a graceful appearance, an Zochroma with large dark blue flowers two inches in length, Mutisia Clematis, Mikania corymbulosa, Miconia pichinchensis, Macleania cordifolia, having a large fleshy root, Thibaudia pichinchensis, Palicourea lineata, and in the more tem- perate parts towards the uninhabited woods of Esmeraldas, Cen- tropogon calycinus, and prostratus, Begonia longirostris, Quercus Benthamiana forming a middle sized tree with wide spreading branches and large leaves which are brown underneath, the rare Fuchsia longiflora, several species of Orchidaceæ, among which Epidendrum amethystinum, and porphyreum and Cypripedium ma- cranthum, are the most remarkable, the latter preferring wet situa- 156 Notes of a Visit to Quito, tions and producing large greenish brown flowers on a scape ofthree feet in height. The singular Ophioglossum palmatum, already known from having been received from various parts of the globe, is also found here growing on trees, but it is by no means common. Travelling to Antisana, whose broad cone covered with perpetual snow is plainly visible from Quito, I crossed the well cultivated valley of Chillo to the farm of Er Isco, which is situated at an ele- vation of 11,400 feet ; here the cultivation of barley and potatoes is carried on with success; the plants which I observed there were Onoseris eriocephala, Senecio pimpinellifolius, and Antisane, Culci- tium rosmarinifolium, Erigeron campanulatum, Liabum acaule, and in the clefts of rocks overhanging the farm-house Stenomesson Hartwegii, producing its scarlet pendulous flowers on a scape of 18 inches in height. I may here observe that bulbous plants are by no means common in the Andes, for besides the last mentioned I only found two other species on old walls in Quito, where they have been apparently planted, and Phedranassa obtusa, on the banks of the Guallabamba and in the valley of San Antonio. Following the gradual ascent from El Isco, I arrived at the farm-house of Anrisana, which is situated in a grassy plain at an elevation of 13,434 feet, and within four miles of the snow-line. This ground being extremely rich in Alpine plants, furnished me with Gentiana diffusa, and rupicola, Ranunculus nubigenus, premor- sus, and stbbaldioides, Castilleja nubigena, Euphrasia stricta, Liabum erigeroides, Bowlesia acutangula, Werneria densa, Aster rupestris, Culcitium ascendens, and hyoseridis, Eryngium humile, Valeriana plantaginea, Baccharis humifusa, thyotdes, and alpina, Ribes frigi- dum, and two species of Urtica, together with Chuquiraga lanci- folia, with showy heads of yellow flowers, which is the only shrub that supplies the herdsmen of the estate with fuel. On the eastern slope of Antisana, near the swampy outlet of the Lake of Mica, I observed Gentiana limoselloides, Plantago nivalis, Vaccinium empetrifolium, and pencoides, Lysipoma montioides, Liabum erige- By Mr. Tueovore Harrwec. 157 roides, Azorella aretioides, Werneria disticha, Potentilla andi- cola, Alchemilla nivalis, and a moss-like plant supposed to be a species of Sisyrinchium, forming large tufts several feet square, and rising from one to two feet above the surface of the soil ; these masses are so compact that with great difficulty I succeeded in separating a piece. The proper season for travelling having arrived, I became desirous to resume my journey northwards, I accordingly despatched the collections made about Quito to Guayaquil, and set out on the 21st of July for Popayan, where I arrived on the 17th of August, after a painful journey of twenty-six days. The town of Popayan being situated in the valley of the river Cauca, at an elevation of 5,900 feet, enjoys a mild climate, the thermometer ranging between 65° and 70° throughout the year; most European fruits are cultivated here by the side of Cheri- moyers, Coffee, Sugarcane, Pine-apples, Granadillas, and several , kinds of Plantain; among the latter I observed one called Pacifico or Otahete, esteemed for its fruit, which for size and flavour is between Musa sapientum and paradisiaca ; it is of recent introduction, and judging from the name has been brought from some of the islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Central Cordillera at the foot of which the town of Popayan is built, and which is scarcely ever less than 10,000 feet in height, attains its greatest elevation in the peaks of Puracé, and a little more to the south in Zotara ; they are both considerably above the snow-line. The slopes of these mountains and the mountain-pass of the Paramo de Guanacas, which connects the valley of the Cauca with that of the Magdalena, afforded me ample occupation. Here I found M. yrica mollis, Psidium sericiflorum, Eugenia Guaya- villa, Meriania majalis, called Flor de Mayo, being a beautiful shrub with large purple flowers, Palicourea popayanensis, Es- callonia caracasana, Cinchona pubescens or “Palo requeson," a tree from 20 to 30 feet in height producing sweet scented 158 Notes of a Visit to Popayan, flowers, Loranthus catacarpus, Cerasus opaca, Quercus Hum- boldtiana, forming a large forest tree, and occupying a range from 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Gaultheria anastomosans, Siphocampylus cor- difolius, lanatus, and Columne, Befaria phillyreefolia, an evergreen shrub of striking beauty, producing rose-coloured flowers in abun- dance at the points of the shoots; in the more elevated parts, Fuchsia canescens, and corollata, Macleania pubiflora, Thibaudia hirtiflora,and parvifolia, Ribes leptostachyum, Linochilus floribundus, Ceratostemma rigidum, Socata, Scans, and acuminatum, Es- peletia grandiflora, Lobelia rupestris, and andina, Myrtus oxycoc- coides, Valeriana bracteata and Apium glaucescens. 'The Cin- chona woods of Pitayo, which are famous on account of the bark they produce, lie about forty miles N.E. of Popayan in the Central Cordillera, at an elevation of 8,000 feet ; the species which abounds there is Cinchona lanceolata, called “ Red bark," a tree between 40 and 50 feet in height, the bark of this, is however, considered inferior to the “ Orange bark,” the produce of Lisyanthus densi- florus which is a shrub with large shining leaves and yellow flowers, belonging to the natural order G'entianacee. Here I collected Mikania rufa, Coffea marginata, the large scarlet flowering Muti- sia grandiflora, Begonia trachyptera, Spigelia pedunculata, the leaves of which prove fatal to dogs, Viscum clavatum, and squami- gerum, Clethra bicolor, Gaultheria cordifolia, Thibaudia pubescens, and pendula, Vaccinium epacridifolium, and several minute Orchi- dacee. The western Cordillera seldom attains more than 9,000 feet of an elevation and terminates abruptly towards the coast, present- ing a boundless uninhabited forest. The principal objects derived from this expedition were four species of Palms, among which was the “ Chontadura,” having a slender prickly stem between 40 and 60 feet in height, with a raceme of flowers eighteen inches in length, and producing from 150 to 200 yellow nuts about the size of a large green walnut. The thick rind surrounding the seed of these, By Mr. Turopvore HARTWEG. 159 when boiled resembles in flavour a Spanish Chesnut ; in boiling, the rind yields an oil which may be used for culinary purposes or for burning. Towards the middle of December after packing up what I had collected about Popayan, I proceeded with my collections to Bocora. Passing over the Central Cordillera by the Paramo de Guanacas, I entered the valley of the Upper Magdalena river at the village of La Plata, and following the arid banks of that river I arrived on the 1st of January 1843, in Bogota, after a fatiguing journey of twenty-days. The sudden change of temperature from the warm valley of the Magdalena to the cold table-land of Bogota, was probably the cause of my contracting a fever and ague, from which I suffered during the month of January, and which prevented me from following my occupation during that time. The town of Bogota being built at the foot of the western Cordillera, at an elevation of nearly 9,000 feet enjoys a mean temperature of 56^ and notwithstanding the swampy plain in front, through which the river Bogota slowly winds, the town is con- sidered healthy. The aspect of the vegetation round Bogota is at first glance anything but encouraging for a botanical collector; upon a closer inspection, however, I found that the apparently barren mountains were covered with some very interesting plants, and particularly the ravine which descends the Cordillera, and whose clear stream supplies the town with water; here I found Gaultheria ramosis- sima, and conferta, Gaylussacia buxifolia, Chetogastra microphylla, with small yellow flowers, Spiræa argentea, Thibaudia floribunda, with a large fleshy root, Fuchsia petiolaris, an Oncidium with yellow flowers supported on a stem three feet in height, and a half-climbing Begonia with large scarlet flowers adorning the rocks with gay colours. Following the steep ascent to the Paramo, I observed Linochilus rosmarinifolius, Palicourea vaginata, Eupato- rium amplum, vacciniefolium, and latipes, Drymis granatensis, called 160 Notes of a Visit to Bogota, * Palo de aji, or pepperwood, in allusion to its sharp pungent bark, which tastes like a Capsicum, Berberis glauca, Gentiana corymbosa, and Swertia plantaginea. Crossing the plain of Bogota to the south west and passing the Paramo de San Fortunato, where I found Cestrum buxifolium, Siphocampylus asper, Baccharis microphylla, Lupinus bogotensis and the shrubby L. interruptus, I descended to the more tem- perate regions towards Fusagasuga and Pandi; here among Ara- cec and Piperacee, I found Fuchsia verrucosa, a dwarf shrub with small scarlet flowers, F. hirtella, whose slender half-climbing stems elevate themselves to the height of 25 feet, seeking support from other shrubs, Siphocampylus hispidus, Centropogon oblongus, Calycophyllum coccineum, a shrub with large scarlet bracts, Cin- chona nitida, a middle sized tree with a panicle of white sweet scented flowers resembling a Lilac, Ficus prinoides, or India rubber-tree, Vernonia rubricaulis, Stevia compacta, several species of Ferns and some Orchidacee@, amongst which were the tall- growing Cyrtopodium punctatum, and the large crimson flowering Cattleya maxima. On my journey to Zypacutra (celebrated for its inexhaustible salt-mine), and from thence to Pacuo, I observed Symplocos Alsto- nia, Alnus ferruginea, Tagetes zypaguirensis, Castilleja fissifolia, Viburnum triphyllum, and molle, several Melastomacee, and Orchidacee, among which were an Oncidium with a twining flower stem, and Odontoglossum crispum, having a spike two and a half feet in length, and producing from 20 to 27 large white flowers, with a pinkish hue on the outside of the sepals, and orange spots on the lip. Having here received instructions to return to Europe with my collections, I left Bogota about the middle of April for Hoxp^: where 1 was to embark in the Magdalena. A few days’ delay at Guapwuas, occasioned by the difficulty of procuring fresh mules, afforded me an opportunity of examining the flora; here I pro- HORT. TRANS. Voi AE PLIL SECOND SERIES By Mr. Turovore Hanrwzc. 161 cured Rondeletia brevipes, reflexa, eriantha, Mikania leiostachya, and caudata, Daphne cestrifolia, with yellow berries which are poi- sonous to cattle, Spigelia hamelioides, and Brownea, the latter lorming a tree with large heads of crimson flowers which develop themselves for several weeks in succession. Ascending the wooded heights in the East, I found in a forest of the Wax Palm, (Ce- rozylon andicola), Gustavia speciosa, Caliphruria Hartwegiana a bulbous plant with white flowers, Peristeria elata and Achimenes picta, which is another valuable addition to that interesting genus. In its native habitat this Achimenes prefers dry rocky ground, in places not much shaded, where it scarcely attains more than five inches in height, seldom producing above two or three of its finely mottled bright orange flowers upon a stem. The accom- panying figure was taken from one of the first specimens that flowered in the garden of the Horticultural Society. Soon after my arrival in Honda, having readily procured a boat capable of holding my collections, I embarked on the Magdalena for Barranca, and crossed from thence by land to Carthagena. The rapid descent on the Magdalena afforded me but little opportu- nity of examining its wooded banks, for the boatmen being hired to convey me to my place of destination, it was their interest to make the journey with as little delay as possible. Finally leaving the mainland about the middle of May for Jamaica, where, during some days delay, I added a few things from the Port Royal mountains to my collection, I embarked for London on the 3rd of J une, and arrived safely on the 24th of J uly 1843, after an absence of six years and ten months. The following is a list of the plants, as far as their names can at present be ascertained, that have been introduced from Co- lumbia ; Achimenes picta Canna pe oo jesse e een VOL. III. 2ND SERIES, 2 $ 4 rA 162 Notes of a Visit to Bogota. Caliphruria Hartwegiana Ceroxylon andicola Cereus sepium Conium Arracacha odium punctatum Epidendrum ceratistes Gesnera Lindleyana — vistita Habrothamnus cyaneus Helcia sanguinolenta pomæa codonantha Liparis elata Lupinus bogotensis Bea S B 2, Er E Z vom orena Lycaste Larsen Maxillaria bractescens — scabrilinguis Musa (Pacifico) Odontoglossum crispum t Pheedranassa chloracra á obtusa Pilumna laxa Rubus glaucus Stanhopea Bucephalus Stenomesson aurantiacum — artwegil Tacsonia manicata mollissima Thibaudia floribunda. From Jamaica: Aristolochia grandiflora Bletia hyacinthina Calanthe veratrifolia lin nii Hymenocallis Herrin onie Oncidium luridum. HORT. TRANS. Vol- TL PLIV. SECOND SERIES. = ha ago o e S J] UO AIIULOULLIY TO SPIIYUILYD | | boe) uM \ PEEEES CEC CCCECE [3 SG GG SG DG E 3L 3 ; n mmnm | COI Ae | | N H HON E — HI N [ CTT EE .. zd Le) S a = L j | HI e$ LLTITEELITITLLLTLLLI 4 5 | | EGON LTTELTLELLLTTU] i ; TR | | Ñ M & Hm. H TAERUUUHRUI 3 [| FELEEELLEHHTHEE L S LH < LITT 4 ^ [| A UU v E Li a S H ttn : í | : H3 H S ~ ELLLLTAÀ e f, ] L| : "S F > HTEH TIT Ht > LE TT ; T * ng LLLLLLELI S! 3 a $ : : His mnl "HN ^ -H-H---- N M y | | = jahe - = me R a, th N À HUS HHO $ E H " 3 7 j : TT q E RE N hie 7 ] ; i T - S > N : E I-T-T)- 7 8H F4 : A F S D 4 4 —3— + i E^ Ba fa P Ci S SH PATE S u : : 14H. S à ; SH y x : ELI & 1 3 4 HPBS h $ HH HH S. ` ^ q t ; l ) S Ht T e 3 | : | E HEE : N - | is H i . S Y 3 N A i S ; / anal N - RS Y | "a S ME S Ji Ñ TN S n ; In | t i i x HH i THHTTHTTTT] tH E tT TIT TTE] LITE TET LELLETTTLELELHELE | J3EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE | 84 N à 8 2 E 3 ee See * a Opt ou ET S RUO : aouunuasup sppspoury bp) roy] VIL. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick during the year 1842. By Mr. Rosert THompson. This Journal has been kept on the same plan as the preceding. [ 164 ] JANUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1842 8 Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom, Hygrometer. S. | 1 36 | 32 | 4 |Very Fine 30.179| 40 | 38 | 2 [Slightly Overcast || 30.171) 32 | 32 | — S.| 2 34 | 34 | — |Overcast .106} 36 | 36 | — Ditto —0531 37 | 45.0 «€ M.| 3 32 | 32 | — Ditto 29.988| 34| 28 6 Clear 29.947, 27 | 27 T.| 4 29 | 26 | 3 9| 33| 29 | 4 Ditto 30.009 31] gt | W.| 5 32 | 29 | 3 |Frosty, cloudy|| 30.008} 36 | 36 | — Overcast osi $41 M | ‘Overcast Th.| 6 Soe) Gee — —.163} 38 32, 6 Cloudy & Fine| —.311| 34 | 32 F.| 7 25 | 25 | — Snow-flakes |—.446| 33| 25 | 8 |Do. & Frosty | —.445| 32 | 32 | — S.| 8 30 | 30 | — |Sharp Frost | —.410| 32 | 23 | 9 Overcast 316 30 | 24 S.| 9 28 20 8 |Frosty, Overcast | —. 163| 30 2I g Snow T 40 29 27 M. 29 | 28 | 1 Ditto —.og4| 31 | 23 8 Drycold haze| —.o26 39 | 39 | — e T. 32. 32 | — Ditto —.005| 34 | 34 — |Drizzly .007| 32| 32| — W. 32 | 32 | — Ditto 36 | 36 | — (Clearing 29.989 33 | 33|— Th. 32 | 32 | — Snowing 29.828} 32 | 32 | — Snowing —.961| 31| 31 | — F. 32 | 32 | — |Overcast —.558| 36 | 36 | — |Cloudy, fine | —.7o4 36 pem s. 31, 30| 1 |Fros 953| 39 | 37 | 2 jOvercast, fine || —.941| 25 | 25 | — S. 37 | 37 | — |Overcast —.681| 41 | 41 | — |Ditto -x900 361-35 105 M. 34 | 32| 2 |Clear 0.096| 42 | 42 | — Clear o.207| 30| 3° | — T. 29 | 29 | — |Hoar frost —.381| 31| 31 | — |Frosty, foggy || —399. 34 | 34 | — » id, 32 | 32 — |Foggy —.197, 33| 33 | — Fo —.321| 30 |. 39 | — Th. 30 [304 EIARy 098| 34 | 34 | — Slight haze —.028 34| 34, — F. 32 | 32 | — |Ditto —.olo| 34| 34 | — [Foggy « 341 39) 12 = 33 | 39} 3 [Overcast 29 702, 34| 34 | — |Hazy 29.285! 39 | 39 | — | S. 32 | 30| 2 Clear 8| 36 | 36 | — Snowing —.e841- 28 | 28] — E 25 | 24| 1 |Do. & frosty | —.823| 34 | 27| 7 Very Fine —634| 33| 29| 4 w. 35 | 35 | — |Drizzly —.83| 42 | 42 | — |Fine —.745| 28| 28 | — O Th 38 | 38 | — [Densely Overcast| —.175| 43 | 43 | — Boisterous, rain | —.204! 42| 42 | — F. 37 | 35 | 2 |Very clear 45 | 45 | — |Very fine —.794| 35 | 35 | — S. 33 | 33 | — Ditto 840| 41 | 41 | — Fine —907, 32]| 32| S. 31| 31 | — Sleet —.921| 40 | 40 | — Overcast 30.075, 36 dd puer M. 36 | 36 | — Cloudy & fine| —.906| 4o | 4o | — Do. & fine |—.209, 36 | 36 à 4! 41 | — Hazy 30.100} 48 48 | — Hazy 29-930, 45 45 32.31 31.35 0.96 29.944. | 36.70 SUR Z PUTES 32.58 | [ 165 ] JANUARY. Wind. Rain. | | Remarks. Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts, 22 SE Brisk Although there was no continued severe frost in this month, "el NW | Ditto yet a general low temperature prevailed, the mean being scarcely " cmm E uu. 4 degree above the freezing point; the average Am and oe N Ditto | minimum ranging above and below this only 5 or 6 degrees. d — | Lime | The mean height of the barometer was a little above chit which 16 NE | Brisk :9! | it usually averages. Very little rain fell during the first 3 23 ~ Hm | weeks, and the total M was below the average. Westerly Bes. E Little | winds were most prevale L..23 NE | Brisk Snow fell on the 1300 uniformly to the depth of nearly | 22 SE Little 3 inches. The 26th was boisterous, with rain in the forenoon | 28 S Ditto IO | and snow in the afternoon. 20 c | te "i Ea oin - Mean use cel Senis the 5 daily observations 29.968 inches. (6) scr a AE pew Poe cni: c e ito. s 9 S ade E E ae ait f Dryness ..... Ditló.....9 INES 3 Lit 1 Degree of Moisture .... Ditto...... .961 dá SW non Force of Vapour ....... MIO. LU .223 inch 28 NE Ditto | Least observed degree of Moisture ........ 73 28 E Di ve ximum Temperature in the Shade ..... 47°. 265 SE D Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ d Hm ri NW B x k Maximum Temperature in the Sun ....... 50°. 18 wW Little id Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ....... 119. o Pr NW ei io Mean Temperature of External Air ...... 327.45. 16 S Strong 14 WINDS. a bad risk North...... 2 ote N. East...... 4 days 19 NW Little Sodhi Uu TS Bast. c4.. 4» 30 SW Ditto 03 eer : pee aS ear 2 30 W Ditto Wet... 3. |S West... gu 27 SW | Ditto .12 $$ 31 days. : 23.22 1.06 Jimount of Rain ..-...oc«co7€20545 1/00 mele. [ 166 ] FEBRUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1842. E Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer Weather, T.| 1130.100) 40 | 40 | — Overcast 530.122| $0| 45 | S |Very fine 30.130| 31 | 31 | — [Clear € W.| 2,—.165| 40 | 40 | — {Ditto —.059| $0 | 43 | 7 Slightly overcast |—.241| 44 | 44 | — Overcast Th.| 3,.—.377| 43 | 43 | — |Slight haze |-—.397| 45 | 45 | — |Thick haze |—.409| 409| 40|— ick haze | F.| 4—.439| 40 | 40 | — |Haz —.407| 45| 37| 8 |Light haze ||\—.351| 33| 33 | — |Slight haze S.| 5\—-267| 37 | 33 | 4 Ditto —.219| 36 | 28 | 8 |Hazy 177| 33 | 33 | — (Overcast S.| 6—.109| 32 | 29 | 3 |Dry haze —.006| 38 | 36 | 2 Fine 29.892| 31 | 31 | — |Clear M. 729-735 34 34 — Sleet 29.697 39 39 — Hazy —.786 34 34 pes Overcast T.| 8.816 34 | 34 | — 786| 42 | 42 | — |Foggy —.813| 44| 44 | — |Foggy W. 9—.795, 37 | 37 | — |Slightly Overcast —.755| 51 | 51 | — Fine .512| 45 | 45 | — |Clear d @ Th.:0—.89; 45 | 45 | — |Slight h —.947| 51 | 51 | — (Overcast —.986| 47| 47|— ensely overt F.|11.—.976 48 | 45 | 3 Heavy clouds |-—970| 52 | 48 | 4 -985| 49 | 49 | — Ditto i S j12,30.004| 50 | 50 | — |Overcas 020| 50| 5o | — |Ditto 30.065; 50) $9] = Overcast and $.13,——.180 41 | 40| 1 |ClerandFine|—.o20| 5o0| 50 | — |Showery JA45| 41| 41 | — (Clear and [15\—-440, 45 | 43 | 2 Very Fine —.434| 52 | 49| 3 Ditto -424| 42| 42 | — Cloudy & W.16—.488 45 | 45 | — Ditto .465| 5o 48 | 2 |Cloudy & do. |—.416| 41 | 41 | — (Ditto Th. 17|—.372| 43 | 43 | — |Foggy —.336| 52| 42 | 10 |Ditto —.252| 34| 34 | — {Clear D F.18—.316 35 | 35 | — |Slightly overcast |—.338| 43 | 38 | 5 |Clear and fine| —567| 31 | 31 | — [Ditto S. 19. —.377 29 29 | — Frosty & foggy 346 43 43 | — Hazy —.194. 36 36 — Overcast S. 20 — 35 | 35 | — |Drizzly 29.975| 37 | 37 — |Drizzly 20.881] 15.192 10 Ditto M. 21 29.771| 38 35 3 |Overcast —.799| 45 45 | — Cloudy 813| 32 | 32| — Clear T.22—.753| 39 | 39 | — |Dri 688| 47| 47 | — |Ditto —6516| 40 45 | ^ Cloudy W.2 — 444. 44 | 44 | — |Thickly overcast |—.330| 47 | 47 | — |Ditto 22.4671. 48 | MELOS Rain 2 Th. 24 —.171| 42 | 42 | — [Ditto —.115| 46 | 44 | 2z |Ditto —.i21| 41 | 41 | — [Overcast O A ESA 37 | 37 — (Cold rain —.200| 44| 44 | — |Showery iayo) 32 | 4 | oe Cloudy T [oT | 36 | 36 | — |Ditto showers —.449| 45 | 35 | 10 |Clear and cool —.570| 35 | 35 | — lear M aa 44 44 | — Stormy showers —.377| 42 42 | — Heavy rain —377| 42 42 Densely P : E: CECI a —.629| 49 | 49 | — (Overcast .388| 50| 5° | — Do. stormy | | | | icm 39.92 a 0.64 29.938 46 1C| 43.5312. 57 29.920 39 28 9.28 [ 167 ] FEBRUARY. Temperature. Wind. Rain. | - Remarks. Days) Max. | Min. Sun Rad — Force. | In. . Pts. | | | NUI: " : | | The mean temperature was about the average. The baro- 1 ^ a K ^ 2x Hu | or; ME averaged a little higher than usual ; and fe quantity of 3| 45 37 50 30 NW | Ditto | 7 | rain was somewhat less. South winds were prevalent. It is 4| 42 | 30 45 27 E Tüne | well known to be very generally the case that south and south- io oz 3 n cunas Dish | | west winds occasion a low state of the barometer; but a re- r 38 26 E 23 SEED Ditto | dh | markable instance of the contrary occurred in the period be- 7| 40 | 31 41 a d E Tun | ur | tween the 12th and 17th inclusive, the barometer being then 8| 46 28 50 : | Due | «3 6 | very high, with the wind from south and south-west. It was 9 st | 43 | be a Hw nue | ‘09 | even brisk from south on the 11th and two following days. 5| 51 2 I a |e | Hj 52 w : 5 H | wi | Md Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.942 inches. 2) $4 | 30 | 57 | 26 -—-.| Ditto | — Temperature .......- Di bib 3| $2 | 28 6 ice eS o4 77 DEN Ee, wees Ditto ates 409.69 HIS | 37 às "A due ed " | Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ...... 19.07 Bi $4 | 4o | 6o 38 SW | Ditto | —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ..... ; 16 53 33 56 32 su T TN | Force of Vapo Di ese 288 inch 254 1a 49 21 S Ditto | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 10 I ole : Maximum Temperature in the Shade q4^ 4 | 48 20 NW Ditto 3 19) 49 30 49 25 W Ditto ox Minimum Temperature in ditto ..... eee 23 dE EL : : Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 65°. u 40 25 SW | Ditto 2m A T. o 4 27 48 23 Brisk | 16 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 18°. Zi 50 34 52 31. S Little : Mean Temperature of External Air ...... 40°.03 E [4 56 38 | ——. | Brisk Fi d i - 47 30 p | Little ES WiNps. 39 d. Md Brisk 97 h ...... odays | N. East......0 days ES 215|:s|— t Dio | o pe a a 4| sr ** & 2 5 Picus. >s East. ..-. $9.4 PN West... ia pam os :33 codi TA Wet... yet o ee 4 } S. Wes 4 lam er 28 days. TOP pue MEE oo 1.32 inches. 47-71 | 32.96 | 51.78 29.71 1.32 Aaen cus T , Da MARCH. : Noon. Night. Morning. B E H meter, 1842. h Barom Hygrometer, Weather. Barom Hygrometer, Weather, TE "m | | | 2 558 39 39d T.| 1129.226) 42 | 42| — Shorey: 29-318 a R = EX wet A 0| 50 | 50| — Pega a) ee tore IE ES. cea im | So es Th.| 3)—-856, 52 | 52 | — Ditto —.957 50 | 46 | 4 Overcast 23135; $5.17755 15. € F.|4|—950 40| 40|— f 0,020, 50 | 42| 8 Very Fine 30.036. 34 | 34 | — i 539.908. 32.1.92 4 c-r 8 1| 45| 6 Ditto 9.813. 34 | 34| — BP pees et acere aco d RR QE 477 59| 50| — M.|7,—720 40| 40|— à LAR] SR —416 44| 4 — dE i de MEE a is T boyni tee | BT "d 4| a Sp ES |= Ber ^ xs HUS From 35i M i MNA 3oo09 $5 | 42 13 (Cloudy, Fine |-—939 33 | 43 — @ 312—045 40| 4o — Fi : geist Eu MERECE. 431 S. 13 29.888 46| 46 | — |Slight rain’ | —.o1 pot 38 X [eer it A ET B 46 — M. |14 30.223, 46 | 46 | — |Drizzly Ern e 2 Very Fi = : js 4 3| | 2 54 | — Very Fine "332. 5 5 T 15,—331 50, 50 | — |Hazy aed 54 x i Se abt 138 49 | 49| — W. 16 —.316 52 | 52 — Ditto 4 8 34 4 2 ch 29.761 47 47 Lia ** 8 mid 46 | = B Pans a9 p 8 Cloudy 609 43 39 | 4 F. 18 29.739 kora — : Bian E I z ^ $0955 ga, $6 “5 (Clear & cl ze eer ee 6 n S.|20—.400 43 | 43 | — [Overcast = | : iz M. |21| go 42 | 42 | — [Cold and windy | —.967, 44 44 |-— Stormy ue as 36 36 a W. |23| — 102l 37 | 37 | — |Very cle .1I2 v 35 7 Cold showers, e M Pd Th. i24 —.221| 39 | 39 | — |Overcast eed Be zr Cloud * 607 5 pna F. 25—130) 43| 43 | — Ditto —027 52 | 4«| 8 Cloudy the 40 | 40) — © S.26 29-629 42 | 42 | — Clear 29.595. 50 | 39 | Ii itto A v 6.43 | 43|— S.|27|—.763, 46 | 39 | 7 Ditto 77759, 51| 37 | 14 Ditto & fine 1 50 50| — M./28'—.704, 50 50 | — |Overcast, fine || —.725| 60 | 5o | 10 dis Ep $1 L.- 514 —— T. 29 —,860 53 | 53 — |Cloudy She n5. Imi. |.» 46 | 46] = W.|30.—.857| 49| 47| 3 Overcast —.836 $2 | 52 | — E mes uas Th. |31|—.795| 48 48 | — Rain — 613) 58 | 58 | — Cloudy reo — Í = | E | | | | «22| 0.2 | 19:866 43.83 43.16 0.67 29.848 50.54 44.58| 5.96 ctae F | : | | | | | luc a cap ER DEM QE AC HN Men I SS eS ee eso TNR MARCH Temperature. Wind. Rain Remarks. Days| Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts. BR 34 53 30 WwW Little 02 About half an inch above the usual quantity of rain fell in a} ge 49 52 48 SW Brisk .41 | this month, but the dryness of the air in intervals was conside- Lr 41 60 38 sme ] DE „or | Table. West and south-west winds were prevalent; and the 4| 48 29 65 26 Ww Little mean temperature was in consequence 2° above the average. j 54 27 75 21 -— + Dens At the end of the month, vegetation was in a very forwar 54. 26 59 22 SE Ditto state; the common Hawthorn was then in leaf, a fortnight 4 ^ 46 54 43 TA Brisk .02 earlier than usual, and a month earlier than in some late 2 1-29 54-32 Little .17 | Seasons. 9| 48 37 62 35 one: | Brisk 47 2nd was stormy and wet, with south-west wind, the 10 | 47 31 62 24 NW Ditto „or | latter maintaining the temperature at night to within 3? of its E i 27 57 24. S Ditto | maximum through the day. The gth was stormy with hail i3 P dr 72 36 F Uum .06 path prune by very heavy rain, the wind increasing to a 74 32 ris urricane at night I : | H E B 62 44 VE Little .02 | Mean Pressure from the 5 daily observations 29. 821 inches. 16| i 4 55 pa D | Temperature ........ Ditto ...... 46° 17| 56 p à: 4 — 7 o —— Dew Point .......... Ditto ...... 439.98 18 | 52 39 aR Sa itto -05 Degree of Dryness ... Ditto...... 27.31 to | 46 35 55 32 Ww Brisk —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... .921 20 | 48 38 50 37 xod Perd —— Force of Vapour ..... dio dice .327 inch. a1 | 4g à 5 34 risk .10 | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... .636 2 | 48 34 4 3o N Ditto .o8 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 60°. 233| 46 ws 50 25 —— "| Ditto .08 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ..... T UR 24| 46 z 56 23 ee Sci .03 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... rise 25 | 5 2 63 31 WwW Little Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 21°. 26 4 3 63 32 — | Brisk .07 | Mean Temperature of E. Air Sisse 44.98 27 : : 29 69 25 NW | Ditto T ae I : : 28 | 60 e" A 16 = ae rh Nori c... days N, Bastt...... o days 29 | 59 48 65 47 Little South .....9.31 - S EUG. Li 31$ r ASE es rr Di IN. West... j.«4 9 | 42 | 65 40 SW ris o5 3i $66 43 56 39 Strong 13 West...0++.10 S. West .. it ys E. —— ; 31 days. E, 52-48 | 37.48 | 61.03 | 34.29 1.81 Amount of Rain, ........ eese es 1,81 inch. VOL. 111. 2ND SERIES. [ 170 ] APRIL. Morning. Noon. Night. É Weather. 1842. A | Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, || Barom, Hygrometer F. | 1|29.308| 44 | 44 | — |Cloudy 29.303 4 — |Rain 29.457, 40 | 40 | — Slightly Overcast S.| 2| —.576, 43 | 49| 3 |Ditto EA i i — |Ditto —.780 37 | 37 | — |Clear & cold S.| 3,—819, 38 | 34| 4 |Very Clear ||—.846, 45 | 35 | 10 Cloudy&cold| 30.012, 38 | 38 | — Ditto M. | 4 30.182) 40 | 30 | 10 |Cold & Dry | 30.206 48 | 33 15 |Ditto —399 37 | 37 | — Clear T.| 5$,—.355| 40 | 32| 8-|Clear —.349| 49| 29 | 20 |Cold& dry |—.286| 35 | 35 | — |Ditto W.| 6,—.188| 40 | 36 | 4 Ditto 30.061; 55 | 34 | 21 |Dry,wihsun ||29.957, 41 | 38 | 3 Ditto a Th.| 7\ 29.858) 44| 42| 2 |Overcast 29.800; 53 | 48 5 Ditto —.907| 44.| 44 | — [Densely overcast F.| 8 30.053) 45 | 45 | — |Hazy 39.071) 40 | 32 8 |Cold & dry ||30.190) 41 | 35| 6 S. | 9 —.319 42 | 38 | 4 [Clear —.307| 49| 30 19 Clear .331 39 | 36| 3 Cloudy e S. 10 —.355| 40 | 28 | 12 [Slight haze -307, 46 | 34 | 12 Overcast —.221| 43 | 38| 5 |Overcast M. |11| —.216) 43 5| 8 \Light Clouds || —186. 47 | 47 | — Showers —.137. 37 | 37| — (Clear T. 12 —.104 40| 26| 14 Cold & o 47| 35 | 12 Cold&dry ||—.023 39 | 33 6 Cloudy & cold W 13 —-992, 42| 42 | — |Cold rain 29.960 42 | 42 | — |Cloudy & cold || 29-957, 39 | 39 | — Rain Th. 14 —940 42| 42|— Cloudy —.943. 49 | 49 Showers o.o25| 41 | 36 | 5 [Overcast F.15/30.052| 46 | 49 | 6 |Fine 30.062) 49 | 37 | 12 |Bleak & cold| — 068, 39 | 39 | — Clear S. 16,113 46 | 35 | 11 |Cold & d —121 50| 26 | 24 Clear &cold|—.147| 48 | 35 | 13 Ditto D S.| 17,—.182| 46 | 42 iS edd overcast || —.164| 48 | 40 $ Overcást —.179 43| 43|— Overcast 38) 998) 46 | 40 itto —.193| 49 | 40 9 Ditto 2-201 45 | -42 1 d Ditto & Fine wile 43 41 | 2H 177; 53 | 42] 11 Dry Haze ||—-154, 38 | 38 | — lear Bade pn —.4 50) 46 | 43 | 3 |Lightdryhaze ||—.1z21 61 | 43 18 Fine —.093| 46 46 | — Ditto 121,140 47 | 45 | 2 |Ditto —. 106 8 Clear Ea 8 8 | — Overcast Ela taal 251 57 | 48 | 9 Clear & Do. 47| 48) 4 Ad pd 9.99 SI 474 rogi 29-944 6o | 53 7 Dry Haze 29.890 47 |< 41 | tz SENE : |$3| 997 $3 | 59| 3 |Fine —.901| 70]| 52 18 |Very Fine 4898. 42 1.47 T= Ditto O Ee —.921| 60 | so | 10 |Very Fine 894 72 | 59 | 13 Ditto —.948 50 | 50|— Cloudy *|35 J^ 57 | 52 5 Lig t haze 30-028) 70 45 25 Ditto —.946 49 49 | — Clear «er — 0 ! 54 | 46 8 Very Fine OI 63 40 23 Bright sun 30.025 46 46 —— Ditto (27 29-986 51 | 43 | 8 [Ditto 99°, 60 | 3o | 3o Veryd 29.959 49 | 49 | — Ditto Th |28| 30.031) 54| 50| 4 Light haze ||—941| 69| 45| 2 Hor. Jy 9.9 1 | == [Ditto «(29 —. o : 4 Hot and dry || 30.050 51| 5 quer S iia g 5 | 43 T Ditto :986 67 60 r. Fine 29.881 51 51 | — Clou y | 9-935! 55 | 53| 2 Fine —800] 71| 48 | 23 |Dito very ary | —835; 51 | 46| 5 Clear | - | mcs i 035 46.13 41.13 sh 30.017| 5440.41.63 | 12.77 30.015) 39.96 38.33 1.63 CELL LR lU Sos T E xis fue | APRIL. Temperature. Wind. Rain. | ; Remarks. Days, Max. | Min Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force In. Pts : This was a very dry month; in fact the driest of any for the : 1| 51 32 51 28 N Little .02 | last sixteen years at least. A small quantity of rain fell on the i | JI 60 27 —— | Brisk .O2 | 13th,and only slight depositions on four other days. With the ET tr) 35 55 32 —— | Ditto exception of one day, the wind was either from north, or from IET ow, 59 20 NE | Ditto easterly points throughout the whole of the month. The heat $| 50 | 23 74 17 — | Little | of the sun’s rays was considerable; but their effect was greatly epee oh €» [650132 | —— | Ditto | counteracted by winds trom cold quarters, as above mentioned. 1 7| 58 35 65 30 —— | Brisk | Sharp frosts occurred on the nights of the 4th, sth, 8th, 19th, ss 27 80 21 E Ditto | and even so late as the 27th. These, with the dry cold winds, : 91-52—| 34 7o 27 — | Ditto | | were unfavourable to vegetation, especially as the latter was S E 29 52 25 — | Ditto | rendered susceptible from having been previously far advanced. | H| 49 34 52 30 — | Little o1 | The 16th was very clear, with Aurora Borealis at night. 12| 46 36 50 29 NE Brisk | 2 " : a3) |36 48 34 — | Ditto .o8 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 30.022 inches. Pat) st. | 39 55 36 cu T Db .o1 | —— Temperature ....-+-- Ditto .....- 46 -83 2 15| 51 36 6o 32 -——— + Dno —— Dew Point ....--+++> Ditto ...... 40 ,36 : 16| 51 31. |. 6o 25 Ditto Degree of Dryness ... Ditto .....- 69.47 17 | Sr 41 60 40 Ditto Degree of Moisture - . Ditto .....- 84. : 18 | 47 40 58 38 Little Force of Vapour. .... Ditto ....-- 284 inch E 19 | 63 26 69 20 —— ] Jio Least observed degree of Moisture .....*- AP E &-| 33 70 27 E Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade...... 75 a E 6o 43 65 39 — Ditto Minimum Temperature 1n AHO. ovens 2 3 E "das 36 70 32 NE Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 98 S 2 5 37 85 32 NW | Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 17”. EL 5 7» 80 39 SE | Ditto | o1 | Mean Temperature of External Air.....- 46°.28 Lh 5 Ee» E |Ditto BE Eoo a Ditto North. .... gdays | N. Bast... "jd 1 EI o [S.Rast.....- $ ai : s 35 93 31 SE Little e N. West oe — 0 - 43 75 39 E Ditto m D in p. .. | S. Wet.. Drs o ds / Brisk toss 30 days : 0.15 Amount of Rain. ... «esent erpen 0.15 inch, ( 172 | MAY. Morning. Noon, Night. 1842. E Barom Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom, Hygrometer. Weather. S. | 1/29.933| 58 | 49| 9 |Clear and dry |29.939| 68 36 | 32 |Clear,very dry ||30.007| 50| 50] — Clear & fine € M.|2|30.022, §5 | 45 | 10 |Ditto —.962| 65 34 | 31 Ditto 29.990) 45 | 40 5 |Ditto T. | 3/29.967| 49 | 44| 5 |Very Fine —.888| 67 | 45 | 22 |Fine —.854| 53 | 53 | = |Cloudy,rain W.|4|—.907| 53 | 50| 3 |Light clouds ||—.goz| 61 39 | 22 Ditto —.892 48| 48| — & fi Th. | $,—.886| 55 | 50! § |Ditt —.777| 62| 57| 5 |Cloudy —.530| 52 | 52| — |Heavy rain F.|6|—.423| 53 | 53 — |Fine —.376| 58 58 | — Showery —£.Z19: $0]. 50] == Cloudy, fine $.|7|—322, $1| 51 — [Rain —.258| 60 | 60] — |Ditto —.197|.49 | 49] -—- |Btormy move $.|8|—.382| 55 | 52| 3 |Cloudy . 516] 49 | 49| — |Ditto stormy| —796| 57 | 57| ™ lear M. | g,—.892| 51 | 45 6 |Ditto & Fine | —.968| 48 | 48 | — |Showery 30.084 45 | 45 | — |Cloudy @ T. 10 30.172 49 | 49 | — |Clear 30.152] 59 40 | 19 |Very Fine —.o6 4*2] 441 — Clear W./|11,29.966| 58 | 50 | 8 |Fine 29.905| 63 | 4o | 23 Ditto 9.842, 50| 50| — Cloudy Th.j12,.—.920| 47 | 47 | — |Rain -951| 49 | 49| — |Drizzl .984| 49 | 49 -— |Ditto F.|13/,30.033| 53 | 50 | 3 |Slight haze (30.043, 64 | 46 | 18 |Very Fine 30.078| 52| 52| — |Fine $.|14, —.138| 52| 52| — |Ditto —.170| 66| 52] 14 |Ditto —.230| 54| 54]| — Clear S.|15|—-350| 55 | 52, 3 Ditto andFine| —.341| 68 | 54| 14 [Ditto —.387| 49 | 49| — |Ditto M.|16,—.390| 59 | 53| 6 |Very Fine -358| 70 | 55 | 25 |Ditto —307|. 491 49] *— Ditto » T: 17] 278 52 $2 | — Overcast —.239 62 52 1o |Ditto —.139| 49 49 — (Ditto W. 18 —.046 52 $2 | — Ditto OOO| 59 54 5 o. Overcast | 29.911 53 53 — |Overcast Th. 19 29.807 55 52 3 C & Fine/29 748 62 55 7 Densely overcast| | —.711 45 45 — Clear F.|20,1—.647| 55 | 52| 3 {Densely clouded -646] 59 | 50 9 oudy 658) $2 i Sii 3 ercast S.|21,1—.676| 61 | 55| 6 |Cloudy & Fine|—.692| 66 zo | 16 |Do. & Fine ||—-724 51 | 51| — Cloudy S. |22\—.748) 58| 55 | 3 [Ditto —.674| 61 | 56] 5 |Ditto —.932 £8 | Gea 55 Slight Rain M. 23|—.785| 59 | 50| 9 |Ditto —.812| 65 | 44| 21 |Ditto —— 852]. 49 | 4t 8 |Cloudy O Ww. 24(—.838| 54| 54| — Rain —.825| 60 | 6o | — |Rain 790). 48 48] —— lear Th. 25,—.847| 56 56 | — Ditto —.854| 60 58 2 |Cloudy —.845|, 52 50 2 Ned ~ 26,1—.767| 56| 56 | — Ditto 772| 62 | 60 2 Ditto 833 52 1.321 ^ — Clear $27,929. 57 | 56| 1 Cloudy&Fine|— 937 67 | 57 | 10 Do.&Fine |—911 59| 59] T Cue S 28,—.988| 57| 57 | — Overcast 0.018} 64 | 45 | 19 |Very Fine 40.0001. 53 | 53]. — sod M. 29 30.124; 62| 55 7 |Clear & Fine ||—.046| 70 | 48 | 22 |Clear & Do. ||29-991| 60 | 56 i eee "T: [3929-955 63| 53 | — |Very Fine — |i29.965| 70 | 55 | 15 |Ditto o.050 54| 48 1 + |31/30.118) 60 | 50 | 10 DDitto 0.126| 70 | 44| 26 |Fine eb. r6] 661 oe Cloudy | 29.911/55.16 51.51 | 3.64. 29.898 62.38 49.67 12.71 29.900 50.935912, 0-81 | l [ 173 ] MAY. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Days) Max | Min. | Sun, | Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts. ti 74 80 40 Brisk 2| 66 30 73 24 NE Ditto This month was more favourable than the precedin for 3| 7! 46 81 42 NW Little e vegetation, with the exception of a frost on the night o the 4| 65 33 74 25 N Ditto This frost affected the late queen d kinds of fruit i 63 46 75 43 S Brisk 16 trees to some injurious extent, the young fruit, where set, 47 66 1 Ww Ditto 1? | being at the same time tolerably s Rain was much wanted ; EIE 6. | 4 67 43 SW | Strong 22 | and a moderate supply fell in the course of the month. The : 8| 65 41 71 38 W Brisk 20 | eats temperature was about 1 4 deg. below the average. On P > is |. 7o 26 N Ditto 10 | the rst and 2nd the air was clear and excessively dry. | " A 35 75 29 NW | Little 2 : 5 76 40 S risk 2 is ; 4 37 A 31 ur Little 02 M| 72 38 8o E W D Ho Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations WT inches 1 6 ——— ture. ..... "*"-"99* «e*t e. i 68 A S : Ed x Ho — d Point coven eases coves DIitto.«» 50-48 17| 68 43 da 2 d Ditto —— Degree of Dryness. s.s.s... Ditto. v — $42 18| 69 40 76 3 Wim | THO —— Degree of Moisture .....--- Ditto... .896 — 19| 65 36 78 i SW Ditto 04. Force of Vapour .......- . Ditto... .407 inch. =). 0 | 49 73 45 —— | Brisk Least observed degree of Moisture ...----- T nr a i 68 38 S Little Maximum Temperature in the Shade ...... 73°: 2E] 42 73 36 — | Brisk .o1 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ......* as 3| 64 | 45 73 3 due. PME oi | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...--- 84° 65 40 74 26 SW | Ditto 20 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...-.--- 24, 5| 63 | 48 71 46 Xx. 0 Brisk 23 ean Temperature of External Air ....--- 53.73 2m a 47 72 42 —— | Ditto .OI WINDS. 28 5! 75 49 S Little :13 North...... 3 days | N. East»... 5 days 70 41 80 34 W Ditto South... ... Jo > „Bast... O s’ BI 345 | 8o | ai S Ditto eet; cose One PINS West os 4 0 31 73 | 46 83 41 wW. | Ditto Wut. nud. a TS. Wet... 6 ys 7 | 4 84 | 38 NW | Ditto 65.97 es 72-51 36.77 1.73 Amount of Rain oe cee de TE T 73 xd nti [ 174 ] JUNE. Morning. Noon. | Night. , | 1842. Ei Barom Hygrometer Weather. Barom Hygrometer. | Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, € W.| 1/ 30.211) 65 | 53 |12 |Very Fine 0.171 2|22 |Fine o.125| 60 5 |Cloud r Th.|.2 —.169| 68| 62| 6 OWnfcut : E is "E 18 |Very Fine se 54 + 3 Clear k Fine : F.| 3|—.296| 62 |. 45 | 17 (Cloudless —.218| 74| $50 24 Ditto —.160| . 58 $3 | 5 Ditto E S.| 4|—.112], 63| 53 | 10 Di .034| 79 | 49 | 30 'Hot&Dry |29.965| 60| 57, 3 Ditto S.| 5] 29.953} 79 | $4 | 16 |Fine, It. clouds 29:905] $I 53 28 (Ditto '—.809| 6o | 59| 1 Cloudy M. | 6}—.915| 68 | 63 | 5 Do. dry ha 945| 78 | 55 | 23 Ditto 30.038| 6o | 58 | 2 Ditto T. 7/30167| 66| 59| 7 Fine 0.163}, 73 | 53 |20 |Ditto —.217| 61 | 61 | = Clear & Fine @ W.|8|—244 69| 63| 6 Ditto —.204 | 80 | 65 | 15 (Ditto —.221| 62 |’ 62 | — |Ditto Th.| 9/—.218| 64| 55 | 9 (Ditto —.165| 75 | Ó1| 14 Ditto —.103| 64| 6o| 4 Ditto F.10 —.100| 67| 57 |10 Clear —.0645 79 | 55 | 24 Ditto |—.o8 6: |-51]| 4 Ditto S.[11,—.133| 69 | 64| § |VeryFine ||—.150| 85 | 70|15 Ditto |—a8o| 65 | 65 | — Ditto S. |12| —.263| 69 | 65 | 4 (Clear & Hot ||—.244| 85 | 60| 25 (Ditto —.256| 67 | 62| 5 Ditto M. |13| —.293| 66 | 60] 6 |Ditto 217| 81| 55 | 26 Ditto |—.153| 65 | 62| 3 (Cloudy = 14—094) 71 | 65 | 6 |Hot &dry ||—.o28| 85 | 65 | 20 ‘Ditto —.o1z| 67 | 64| 3 |Do. very D Th. 15,—.39| 64 | 58| 6 |Fine —.o48| 75 | $57 | 18 Finelightclouds 29.989| 67 | 63 | 4 Ditto FE. 16 29.989| 65 | 56 | g (Ditto 29.995| 71 | 57 | 14 |Overcast 992| 63 60o| 3 Ditto "n 17| 30.062| 68 | 54 | 14 |Bine, but dry| 30.058] 67 | 55 | 12 [Ditto o.084| 58 | s55 | 3 [Ditto s- 18 —o41| 64| 51 |13- [Slightly Over-| 29.971) 63 | 63 | — \Heavyshowers 29.888| 57 | 57 | — Showers M. 112152769 62 | 62 | — |Heavyrain[cast| —,688| 68 | 68 | — /Clo —.691| 57 57 | — |Cloudy Te Oy Op poc eer —.665| 72| 68| 4 [Ditto & Fine |—682| 57 | 57 | — [Ditto O wW - Eas 62| 65| z Ditto 650| 23 | 73 | — jSlightRain ||—67o| 57 | 57 | — |Ditto Th. 22|—797| 65 | 57 | 8 [Very Fine |—.725| 71| 50} 21 (Cloud =.737| 56 | 56 | — |Cloudy F 23/823) 6r | 55| 6 [Ditto —.820| 71 | 48 |23 |Very Fine —.3671. 59 | 59 | — (Overcast s 2 —679| 62 | 62 — Slight rain ||—.654) 73 | 67| 6 |Cloudy, Ditto| —420| 59 | 59 | — [Ditto c vU 8 62 6o 2 (Overcast —.753| 70 66 4 |Cloudy, winds 585| 60 60 | — |Boisterous, ram 5. |26| —.674| 61 | 56| s |Fine m 66 19. [Dit =.915| 6 12 |Clear & dry Mle 73 47 | 19 |Ditto 915| 67 | 55 e T. [33] 2-2 6e. [752 -10 (Olber 30.197| 70 | 47 |23 |Fine 3o.:313|. 58 | 53 | 5 [Cleats wLl. 65 | 56| 9 Ditto —.201| 76 | $6 |20 |Ditto —,.128| 65 | 60 | 5 |Ditto e This 2975 ooh ee? Eine 044| 76| 54 | 22 |Hot & 29.989| 67 | 6z | 5 Ditto *39| 29-933) 66 m poe rain |29.871| 71 | 71 | — |Overcast 791| 60 | 60 | — |Ram | 30.013/65.47| 58.44. 7.03 | 29.993| 74-43 58.10 16.33 29.970 | 61.16 58.662.50 | I 3 JUNE. Temperature. Wind Rain, E Remarks. Min. | Sun, | Rad. | Direction. | Force In. Pts. di SUDAN eta CR Ru Tce DREN ak Re 1| 76 | 56 | 86 53 SW | Brisk This was the hottest June since 1826. 'That was also a dry 1| 73 41 83 35 NW Little month; and no rain fell in the present till the 18th. The 3| 76 = 9o 38 —— | Ditto mean temperature was nearly 3? above the average, ST equal- 4| 82 | 48 | 94 40 W Ditto ling the usual temperature of July. On 12 days the ther- 8o 48 9o 43 E Ditto mometer indicated as high as 809, or between that and 9o? in 82 | 41 | 95 48 — | Ditto the shade. It was 89° on the 11th and go? on the two follow- i 73) 51 95 48 NE | Ditto ing days, although north-east winds were prevalent at the time. 81 | 47 | 95 40 — | Brisk The temperature was lowered by the rain; but towards the end £ 76 | 49 | 86 44 — | Little of the month it again reached above 80° in the shade. Vegeta- ir 8 51 98 46 | -—— | Ditto tion was much checked by the drought; but it started most i x or i 51 — | Ditto luxuriantly when rain began to fall, there being a great heat ae To 45 SE Ditto in the ground. 13 4 i A Ho 5 a p d MT me the 5 daily EZ ad ee inches. o 8 —— À pe evernese : ....+ L 16; 76 48 e 49 X 5 Sk Dew Point s.s.s... Ditto ..... 58°.40 7) 73 51 2 12 E D t Degree of Dryness .. Ditto s... 8°.62 8) 71 49 a : S D ey —— Degree of Moisture Ditto ...-. 52. 19| 71 | 49 $2 45 w ID oe xe Force of Vapour ..... Ditto ..--- 526 inch vx 72 52 : He S = -34 | Least observed degree of Moisture ..-.- 435 2I. Uu e: : S a -Ol | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. . . . - go?. EE 2071-48 Sk 49 NW | HE -0! | Minimum Temperature in ditto ..--+++- 419. ISI 9 57 2 5 D -20 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun . 110°. III T 5 $ 53 ecl E -01 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 3 5°. 3 66 | 54 a $3 SW dose oi Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 63.56 70 49 86 4 TER s : WINDS. 5 —— | Brisk . K 4^ | 93 38 w | Ditto North... ....odays | N. East......8 days 51 |104 | 47 | SW | Little South .....*- 2. [S.EBt....- 1 oe » n Rc. W risk East +++: 3 .. | N. West..... $3 E. $9 | 105 | 50 | NE | Little .8o wu 77085 [S Wet...5.7, 1 —— 30 days. : 77:33 | 49-80 | 94.93 41.50 1.58 Amount of Rain. «« «««£» 5» 288 iit — | | [ 176 ] JULY. Morning | Noon. Night. 1842, È Barom. | Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, F.| 1/29.737| 52| 52 |-— |Heavy Rain 29.849| 65 | 57 8 |Fine 29.835| 61 | 58] 3 S. | 2| —.848 $8 | 2 |Very Fine ,|| 839 67 | 50! 17 Ditto 8301 <57 | 56] í S.| 3\—.961| 61 | 57| 4 Ditto [cas t .993| 79 | 65 5 |Cloudy& Do.|—.826| 57 | 57| — M.| 4,—.770| 64| 64 | — |Thickly over- —713| 75 70 5 |Ditto .626| 63 | 63| — T.|5,—652| 66 55 | 11 Dry & windy |—68o| 68| 68| — Showery .823| 54 | $4 | — W.|6/30.103| 60| 55 | 5 rd s n Ine (30.104. 66| 54 | 12 |Very Fine |3o.161| 54| $4 — Th.| 7|—.0o9| 61| 57| 4 Ove .006| 62 | 62 | — Rain 29.826 58 | $8 | — @ F.89/9.804 61| 56| 5 Slightly ‘Do. 29.740) 65 | 58 7 Cloudy 615, $7] sf 5 $.| 9,—700| 61 | 55 6 |Dit —712| 71 | 60, 11 |Do. & Fine |—.686| 55 $5 po $.110.—.880| 60| 56) 4 Clear & Fine —.894| 79 | $5 | t5 |Ditto UD 371 NT M. |11|—.642| 69 | 6s | 4 |Cloudy& Do. -611| 78 | 63 | 15 Pine —.869 | 63 | 65, — T.|12,—.832| 63 | 60 3 |Very Fine -915| 72 55 17 |Cloudy 30.026, 52 52 | — W.|13/30.147| 70 63 7 Cloudy, Fine 30.143) 73 66 7 |Overcas 2320 59 | 59| = D Th.14—.300| 68 | 61r | 7 |Fine —14327, 79 | 5o | 20 |Cloudy, Fine—.337| 59| 57| 2 F.|15|—.388| 64 50 | 14 Very dry —.323| 72 52 20 |Dry haze —.252| 58 | 57 I S. 16,.—.175| 64|. 55.| 9 Fine —.098} 7! | ço | 21 |Clear & D .003|- 58 | “861 3 8.17 29.894. 66 62 4. Ditto 29.837 70 62 8 Light haze 26.789 61 60 I M. 18 822, 67 | 64 | 3 |Ditto 993| 79 | 57 | 12 [Sultry .867| 62 | 62 | — T 19|—. 842) Ós | 65 jom Slight Rain: l>a 812) 71|. 21 |. — lOvercast —.754, 61| 6r | — W. |20\—.735| 64| 6o | 4 |Fine 4312, 66 | 66 Showers —699|: 59 | 59 | — Th. |21| —.718 63| 65| — Overcast —.764| 61 61 — |Denselyovercast|| —.864| 52 LL Curr O F.22—.965| 57 | 46 | 11 |Fine 90.027, 63 | 53] 10 |Clo 0.128| 52 | 52 | — S. |23 30.196| $8 | 46 | 12 |Very Fine —.197, 67 | 50| 17 |Fine —.153|. 55 | 35 | — S. |24 —.118| 62 | 57 5 [Cloudless —.039| 77 $2 | 25 |Clear 29.927| 58 | $8 | — M. |25 29.902) 61 | 6o | 1 |Fine 29.890) 73 66 7 |Fine —.812| 58 | 58 |— SE 26 —.96 051 461 B8 Clear ; .98 73 51 22 |Ditto — [cast|| 30.066| 57 Sl ery W. |27/30.151| 58 | 58 | — (Slight Rain 30.156| 79 | 62 8 Slightlyover-|| —.106| 58 | 58 | — Th, |28 —.o5 6 | 66 | — Slightly overcast | —.o1 3| 72| 62| ro Sultry 29.896) 59 | $9 | — F.|29/29.851| 56 |: $6 | — Overcast 29.873| 66 | 52 | 14 |Cloud IDE SO Nl € S./30 30.018 56| 48| 8 Cloudy & cool) 30.025} 64 | $0 | 14 |Ditto & Fine 30.064) 52 | 52 | — S.|31|—.127| $9 || $3 | 6 (Overcast ^39 58 | 14 4 |Ditto -—4 39 1-39 m —— — ~ 29.941 62.39 57.71 4.68 29.945 69.29 58.29 11.00 29.936 57.12 56.70 ges | JULY. ] Temperature. Wind. Rain. ; = Remarks. i Days, Max | Min. | Sun. | Rad. | Direction, | Force. | In. Pts. i 1| 70 | 50 86 47 wW Little 205 It was remarked that in the preceding month the mean tempe- : 2 69 46 86 42 ——— Brisk rature was so much higher than usual, that it more than equalled : Ei 7 55 89 54 — | Little 0I | the average of July. In the present month the temperature, on EI 70 | 50 gl 56 SW | Brisk the contrary, was so much lower than usual as to correspond ; EI-J6 46 go 42 W Ditto .11 | with the usual mean of June. The amount of rain was nearly E 6 x 40 go 33 xm ie an inch below the average. ee ee | 7° | 47 HS m The 4th was boisterous at night; the 2oth h with : ght; the 2oth was showery, Py} 48 9e 46 SW | Brisk 43 lightning at night. Lightning and rain occurred likewise on the 3 E 1.49 | 9! 46 Ww Ditto ‘°3 | night of the 27th. Early on the morning of the 28th, there was 73 2" ga 47 SW | Ditto much thunder, lightning and rain ; the storm became most violent EI | 55 95 50 —— | Ditto .02 d 6 I2| 75 E iu 46 ace POUND between 5 and 6 a.m. 8| 73.| 48 | 100 44 — | Ditto ilv ob ti 29.941 inches. EN. i 4i w Dih Mean ure ross the 5 “r vima e ^ eed i 4° 9° | y NE | Little can Dew Point «. «cni DEMO. S0 «6 $79.57 17 R 55 | 99 51 E | Brisk —— Degree of Dryness ....Ditto.....-- 5°.36 i8 p 52 105 48 SEEN D itto —— Degree of Moisture. . . Ditfo. ss. ios .84 19 » E 55 ded I js Force of Vapour...... Ditto.co ess .518 inch 20 5 E m ox SE | Little ‘OT | Least observed degree of Moisture... . . ..- 443 n| 65 EX 49 > ae '? | Maximum Temperature in the Shade ..... 84°. 2| 66 K E an N | Ditto Minimum Temperature in Ditto......... 40°. 233| 70 H EE vs c M *9? | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ..... 107°. 4| 84 r "ed 36 —— | Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 33^. 25 ES 07 44 NE Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air. ...... 609.80 Fi 77 | 43 95 39 E Brisk ng A 48 95 45 — Little s WINDS 55 | 100 51 SE | Ditto 5 t 2 days B12 | 5 | 90 | 45 | nw | Dim | 5| Mele Nez $ 6 45 78 39 N Ditto 2 Jasse: E uo v T ü 52 75 45 —— Ditto Wes rae : x 5. Westin A 31 E 47 75 42 — | Ditto M edi $ = pore 31 days. t ae 72-29) 49.32] 91.29) 46.67 1.52 Amount of Rain ,.... «ee eese 1.52 inch. — YOL, tll, 25 SERIES. [ 178 ] AUGUST. Morning. Noon. Night. 1842. | H Barom Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, | Weather. Barom Hygrometer. Weather. M.| 1130.277) 59 | 56 | 3 |Overcast 30.263| 70 16 |Very Fine 0.218 — [Clear & Fine T.|2/—183| 62| 57| 5 |Do.light haze|—.094| 74 A I Ve 1944 $3 d — |Ditto W.|329.950| 67 | 65 | 2 |Do.andsultry|29.916| 82 | 67 | 15 |Very Fine —.889 64 | 64| = Ditto Th. 4\—-856 71 66 5 |Very Fine —.828| 84| 62 22 Sultr .902 63 63 | — Ditto F. gi—-928| 69 | 66| 3 Overcast —.930| 76| 70| 6 |Cloudy, Fine ||-—.904! 64 | 64 | — Cloudy, Fine * "3 6|—844| 79 | 790 | — |Cloudy —.918} 70| 70| — |Rain —.937| 58 | 58 | — Clear, Fine S.| 2, —.859 65 SU rS |Very Fine —+940) 76 60 16 |Clear .963 60 60 | — Ditto T 8,0.025| 65 | 65 | — Clear 026 79 | 6o | 1g |Hotand Dry || 30.029 59 | 59 | — Ditto T.|9i—029| 71 | 6$| 6 Ditto 29.957, 82 | 60 | 22 Ditto 9.884 64| 64 Ditto [ie W. 1029.737| 81 | 69 | 12 Sultry —.620 89| 59| 30 Ditto 772, 66 | 66 | — Hep Th. 11.—832|. 64 | 64 — Cloudy 024 68 | 52 | 16 Clear & Fine | 30.131, 58 | 58 | — Clear & F T F. (12/3025 67 | 63 4 'Clear,very fine| — 254 76 65 11 |Very Fine —— 2000 59 kg Ditto D S. 13|—379 67 | 67 | — |Hazy —.399| 77 | 72 5 [Overcast —.395| 59 | 59 | — Ritto S. 34—359| 73 66, 7 Very Fine —342, 81| 70| 11 Sultry —214| 61 | 61 | — Ditto M. 15—204|. 70 68 | 2 Ditto —.157| 85 | 65 | zo |Very hot —153| 66 | 66 | — Ditto f 16\—.162 71 65 6 |Ditto 149| 85 60 25 |Ditto .130| 64 04 .] 77 Ditto " W. 172—112 66 65 I Slight haze —.072| 77 70 7 Ditto .092 64. 64 — itto Í Th. (189.939 79 | 79.| — IDo.h 29.902| 88 71 17 |Ditto 29.830| 73 65 8 Cloudy, light- F. (Mg —. 69 | 67 2 Overcast —.901| 75 75 | — |Cloudy .879| 62 62 | — Clear, very : = 20—.981| 67 | 63 | 4 [Ditto —.993| 70| 62| 8 |Ditto & Fine | 30.038| 60 | 6o | — Ditto | . 121—981, 68 | 61, 7 Very Fine —.943| 79 | 60| 10 |Ditto 9.943. $9 1.59 | = Ditto M. 22—.929| 69 | 58 | rı |Ditto —913| 81| 61 | 20 |Hot & Dry —.926| 65 | 65|— Ditto | a 23—888) 70| 66| 4 Cloudless —.869| 82 | 67| i15 |Ditto - —3879|. 57 | 57 | — Ditto D M EI pee ME 377, 67 | 45 | a2 Ditto — [cast| —725| 59 | 59 | — [Run ; ° (33—704 61 | Óx | emm |Overcast —.698| 68 | 68 | — |Densely over-| —.725| 63 | 63 | — Cloudy : 5 p ERA. "i 6 — [Hazy —.818| 76 | 60| 16 [Sult hail 6o| 60 | — Clear Fine | - XS a DEN 3 |vercast —5936| 74] 6 Cloudy, fi —. 6 6s == S 1 o Bos 9| S| — Re [—me T 6a] tio" = |97] 62| 62 — Dino | d cL ELE 3 | — Cloudy —-959| 7 o Slight haze || —.956 — ie cae 53 |. $3.1 — Foggy 30.003 69 óg | — Hae coil 56 | 56 | — fret. iss; ear —, 5. 1 R — | 3 147| 01| 48 | 13 |Fine Gn 53 1.5] cee B 30.002 66.77/63.58/3.19 29.991 |73.67|61.09/12.58 29.988 (61.58 pun Q.2 He [ 179 ] AUGUST. Temperature. Wind Rain. Remarks. Days| Max, | Min. | Sun Force. | In. Pts. 1| 72 43 80 Little This month was excessively hot, the temperature exceeding 84 79. |. 55 92 Ditto that of any corresponding month for at least 16 years previous. 3| 83 52 100 Ditto he maximum temperature in the shade averaged nearly 80°. 4| 86 | 62 | 100 Ditto On the 10th, with a very dry state of the air, the thermometer 1| 79 59 go Ditto indicated 93° in the shade, and on the 15th and 18th, 92°. The $| 72 | 53 go Ditto excessively hot and dry condition of the air on the 10th was fol- 7| 78 | 48 go Ditto lowed by slight rain, with distant thunder in the afternoon, and 8) 82 | gı 8 S Ditto .15 | a heavy thunder storm towards midnight, with rain in torrents, 9| 86 55 100 ser I Ble more than an inch having fallen. The 24th and 25th were hot and 10) 93 | 60 | 110 SE Little 1.06 | sultry with thunder, lightning, and rain at nights. On the zgth A y 47 9o Ww Brisk heavy thunders commenced early, a. m. followed by bright sun- "n 55 92 SW itto shine with a few large drops of rain occasionally ; and a violent 3 73 56 80 — | Little thunder storm with Wars rain in the afternoon. ^ 5 48 NE Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.993 inches, 16 do 52 | 105 E Ditto ture... v iv Dto. 1965: .27 17| 8o 57 | 106 —— | Ditto =o Dew Point:; 4v... «c» Ditto. ss... 015.99 à 58 102 — | Brisk —— Degree of Dryness....Ditto...... 57.34 7 e 120 — | Little OI | —— Degree of Moisture. . .Ditto...... 839. 3 i go SW Ditto or | —— Force of Vapour..... MO, Kio ed .592 inch. E 57 89 Ww Ditto Least observed degree of Moisture.....- 453 83 55 | uo SW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in theShade.... 93°. 85 58 | 115 E Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto........ g". 7o 46 | 120 S Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun .... .120°. 71 55 96 NE Ditto .22 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 3 80 57 N Ditto .28 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 669.27 »" 4s 118 E | Ditto Winns. 18.1.46 is tig nm be: Korth ns 1 days | N. East..... 7 days A 55 go kc en : » South S Est... e> Í sá m 92 Ww Ditto 5 Bier eos? 7 i N. West 1 ij. 64 $0 80 NW | Ditto idi West. . 5 S. West..... 6 + Ms 78.2 31 days. í TEM un "e ini Amount of Rain ,.... ess seee eto 2.81 inches. ——— [ 180 ] SEPTEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. r4 1842. £ Hygrometer, Weather. Barom., Hygrometer. Weather. Barom, Hygrometer, Weather, Th.| i 56 | 56 | — Rain 29.902} 63 | 63 | — Rain 29.967| 65 | 65 | — |Densely Overe Fs 69 | 69 | — |Overcast 30.124| 75 | 75 | — (Sultry 30.175| 67 | 65$ | 2 |Clear S.| 3 62 62 | — Fine —.203| 69 69 | — |Overcast —.53| 62 62 | — Ditto e $5.4 64 | 64 | — Overcast —.193| 70 | 6o | 10 |Very Fine —.197| 54| 54| — Ditto M. 5 61 | 61 — Foggy |—.161| 71 62 | 9 Cloudy —.036| 54| 54 | — |Ditto Dé 60 | 60 | — [Fin —.025) 70 | 60 | 10 |Very Fine 29.905, 54 | 54| — Ditto AME: 217 56 | 56 | — Slight Fog 29.258| 71 | 60 | 11 (Overcast [ràin| —427| 62 | 6a | — in heny His Th.| 8 63 | 60 | 3 Boisterous —.408| $$ | 55 | — |Boisterous, ||! —.616) 54 | 54| — |Clea F. 59 | 59 | — [Rain —.492| 65 | 65 | — |Clou — 427, $8 | 58 | — |Ditto S. 6o | 6o | — Cloudy —.473| 62| 59| 3 Showers —.577; 55 | 55 | — |Ditto » S. 59| 57 | 2 |Do.& Fine ||—.655, 65 | 60 | 5 [Cloudy & fine| —683| 57 | 57 | — Overcast M. 58| $56 | 2 Fine —.818| 64 58 | 6 |Very Fine —.930} 55| 55 | — |Cloud T. 56 | 56 | — |Ditto 30.085| 67 | 55 | 12 DDitto 30.126| 5$ | 55 | — [Overcast W. 63 | 63 | — |Ditto —.167| 70 65| 5 Ditto —.149} 55 | 55 | = |Clear T 65 | 63 2 |Hazy Clouds | —.103| 70 | 60 | 10 |Ditto —.101| 54 | 54| — |Ditto F. 56 | 50 | IF —.038} 69 | 65 | 4 |Light haze 29.918} 53 | 53 | — |Ditto S. 67 | 67 | — [Fi 29.736| 61 58 | 3 |Cloudy —.720| 61 61 | — (Overcast S. 59 | 59 | — |Cloudy [clear||— 644| 61 | 58| 3 |Overcast +618!" 55. | 2955 | — TDI O M. 55| 55 | — [Heavy dew, |—.545| 65 57] 8 [Very Fine —.543| 52| 52 | — {Ditto T. 53 33 | — |Clear —.484| 60 60 | — |Showers —.478| 48 48 | — Clear W. 51 | Sr | — |Fine —.458| 61 60| r |Fine 459, 46 | 46 | — |Ditto Th. 48| 48| — |F —.45o0| 61 | 53| 8 |Cloudy —.494| 51| $51| — |Cloudy | F. 49 | 49 | — (Overcast —.447| 59 59] — |Rain dei-:$3 | 531 7 T S. 55 | SS pa Pan —.382| 5 56 | — |Overcast —424| 54| $4| — Overcast S. 56 | 56 | — |Clo .538| 62 | 59| 3 |Cloudy,fine ||—.642| 53 | 53 | — Boisterous, rain M. 57 | 57 | — |Heavyshowers| —.834| 60 60 | — |Heavy showers | —906| 52 | 52 | — (Clear € T. $4 | 54 | — [Overcast —.859| şı | sr | — [Rain —,929|.:81 | os | — ‘Cloudy W. 4| 54| — [Cloudy 30.053| 57 | 47 | 10 |Fine 30.059) 49 | 49 | — ‘Clear Th. 52 | 52 | — |Fine 0261 59 | 52); 7 Cleat —.093| 52 | 52 F. 49 | 45 4 (Clear —.142| 56| 4o | 16 |Ditto —.38| 48 | 48 | 3745357. 1010-43 29.806,65. 50 58.70 4.80 29.807 /54 plaoe | [ 181 ] SEPTEMBER. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Min. Sun. Rad Direction. | Force. In. Pts. : | This was rather a wet month. An average temperature was M 66 58 SW Little -46 | however fully maintained. On the Ist heft was constant rain, E 75 W | Ditto | with southwest wind, the temperature rising instead of falling 53 "x E a Hte towards night ; and on the following day the thermometer indi- 49 39 43 NW | Ditto 01 | cated 81? in the shade. On the 7tha violent thunder storm oc- 7 ME 43 S Ditto curred between 7 and 10 p.m. with much sleet and occasionally is Ho [ru W |Ditto forked lightning, heavy rain and some hail. 5 98 ti E | Ditto -55 In consequence of the heat and moisture in this month, many EU 9 5749 SW | Strong 64. | kinds of vegetation previously checked had now a tendency to 53 82 51 — TEM -06 | grow rather than mature their wood and fruit. Thus apples 5! 88 47 Ww Ditto -07 | and pears were checked in their earlier stage of growth ; and 53 87 49 €— | AND they increased eme in size in this month, when th 45 82 40 N Ditto | ought to have ripened o $*- | 102 45 NE Ditto | 53 105 48 pk ae Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations £a 811 inches. 45 108 40 E Ditto —— MULE S coos IME irs 89.58 4$ |100 | 4; | —— .| Ditto EXTA ucro rp fae n ss. 56°81 E 80 50 —— | Ditto .29 Degree of Dryness .. itto ...... 19.27 48 80 44 SE Ditto- |=- 10 | —— Degree of Moisture . . Ditto ees oo 942. 39 | 100 35 S Brisk .o8 Force of Vapour ..... itto ....-. 504 inch 49 | 102 35 SW | Little .02 | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... .665 38 100 34 — | aS 02 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade . 81°. T 89 38 Ww Ditto .o1 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ . 38%. 47 65 45 NW | Ditto .36 | ! Maximum Temperature i in the Sun ...... 108°. 52- | 64 | 50 NE | Ditto p^ | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 34°. J 68 49 —— | Strong .26 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 579.56 49 | 68 46 E Brisk .o8 WiNDs. 2 61 45 NE | Ditto .27 North...... 1 days | N. East 8 days M 62 45 eec | Drg | South....... E . Eas <. 45 62 41 —— Strong -04 Paste T gs TN: West 25 44 7° 40 —— risk O1 WE c iu 6 S. West d Vi JE 48.73| 84.6 $ | | 30 days. — Soi 3°39 | Amount of Rain...... 4er + +++ 3.39 inches. emt j [ 182 ] OCTOBER. Morning. Noon, Night. a 1842. E Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather Barom Hygrometer Weather, S.| 1 30.200 49 | 49 | — |Clear 30.227| 58 | 52| 6 |Fine 30.275) 41 | 41 | — |Clear S. | 2| —3 42 | 42 | — |Foggy —.222| 59 15 |Ditto —.149} 42 | 42 | — |Ditto M. | 3|—.089| 44 | 44 | — |Ditto —.033| 61 | 51 | 1o jOvercast —.oIo| 50 | 50 | — [Overcast @ T.|4 —05;2, 46 | 46 | — |Fine —.o56| 57 | 44 | 13 |Very Fine —.123| 41 | 41 | — |Clear W.| $5,—.19o0| 38 | 38 | — |Clear .192| $4 | 40 | 14 |Do. cloudless | —.238| 37 | 37 | — |Ditto & Fine Th. | 6,—.288| 43 | 43 | — |Light clouds ||—250| 60 | 49 | 11 |Cloudy, Fine | —.279, 51 | $1 | — [Overcast F.| 7|—.280| 46 | 46 | — |Fine 298} 61 | 54 | 7 jOvercast&fine | —.258| 55 | 55 | — |Ditto 3 8 .—.348| 54 | 52| 2 |Ditto —.387| 60 | 51 9 |Cloudy ditto | —.436| 50 | 50 | — |Clear : «(9 —499, 50 | 50| — |Light haze || — 8| 5o| 8 |Ditto —.447| 52| 52 |— |O M. |10 —451| 54| 50| 4 ‘slightly overcast i pede E 52 | 8 |Overcast i 51 | 51 | — |Ditto and fine D T.11—.363 42| 42| — |Fo ,—288| 60| 52, 8 Clear,veryfine, —.282, 54 | 54 | — |Dit W. 12, —.28 5° 50 | — [Overcast |—3258| 55 53 2 (Cloud —244 52 52 | — |Ditto Th.13 —.253; 53 | 48| s |Lightly Do. ||—.220| 57 | 48| g |Overcast —.258| 41 | 41 | — [Clear and Do. F.14 —.208| 44| 44| — |Hazy —.204| 54| 50| 4 |Hazy —.209 49 | 49 | — [Overcast& S. 15 —263) 49 | 49 | — Ditto | 249 $8 | 46 | 12 [Overcast —.233| 50 | $0 | — {Ditto S. 16 —.235| 50 | 50) — |Light haze | —.207| 57 | 48 9 |Very Fine —.171| 51| 51 | — [Ditto M.|17 —045| $0 | $50 | — Hazy 29.933| 54 | 50 | 4 (Overcast 29.664 50| 50 | — {Ditto T.|18/29.465| 50 | 48 | 2 |Fine —.351| 55 | So| 5 |Very fine .202| 43 | 43 | — |Heavy Rain © W.|19 —250| 41 | 41 | — [Cloudy .361| 47 | 40| 7 |Fine —.518| 36 | 36 | — |Clear Th. 20 —.647| 32 | 32 | — |Clear&frosty | —.661| 47 | 39 | 8 |Ditto —.739| 30 | 30 | — |Ditto & frosty F.|21|——.883| 28 | 28 | — |Sharp frost | —914| 45 | 45 | — |Ditto —.98o| 28 | 28 | — [Ditto S. |22 —726| 37 37 | — |Densely Overcast — | 43 43 | — leavy rain —.02 41 41 ] Cloudy S. |23| 28.802} 43 | 43 | — |Rai 8.878 5st | 51 | — Ditto 8.956] 41 | 41 | — [Ditto M. |24 29.171} 37 | 37 | — Fine 29.361| 45 | 45 | — |Boisterous 29.546] 36 | 36| — Clear & Fine E: [43 eae 88 1° E Rain -475| 47 | 47 | — [Rain 133.45 | 45 | t ERES W. |26 —.572| 35 | 35 | — |Very clear |—.591| 44 | 32 | 12 |Clear —.625| 41 | 41 | — |Cloudy € Th. |27| —.677| 42 | 40| 2 \Overcast .687| 52 | 49 | 12 |Cloudy & Fine| —.691| 44 | 44 | — |¥¥ "7 F. |28| —.942| 42 | 42 | — [Ditto —.622| $1 | 40 | 11 |Ditto —743| 34| 34| — Clear & Fine $.29 —779 31| 31|— Frosty —.807| 49 | 45 | 4 |Ditto —4103|..30 | 30| = s S. |30| 30.105|. 32 | 32 | — |Ditto O.101| 49 | 44 | $ |Clear & ditto || 30.158) 44 | 44 | — M.|31|—.230| 44 | 44| — |Cloudy —.234| 53 | 52| 1 |Overcast, Do.|| —223| 44 | 44| — Clear 29.974143-0942 ss 29.947153 58 46 74 6.84 29.94243 87/43 87 0.0) [ 183 ] OCTOBER. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Dm Max. | Min. | Sun, | Rad. | Direction, | Force. | In. Pts. | A great depression of temperature took place in this month, | the mean being nearly 6° below the average. The wind set in Tals | 33 95 27 NE Brisk | from north-east on the 24th of last month, and continued almost 2 60 | 32 96 28 ue brhde | constantly in the same direction till the 18th of the present. An Tal sz | 38 áo Ditt unusually cold month spores to have been the consequence. 1 sa a N € indicated by the common thermometer, and twent the radi- | i 34 95 wi NE cea | ating one. On the night of the 21st the frost was remarkably 7) 6 | 39 2 g^ veia | severe for the period of the season, the thermometer being 12* ti 58 | 39 6 3 -— | below the freezing point, whilst the radiating thermometer sunk mil 49 7 e Ditto | 12°, or 20° below freezing. The beauty of the Dahlias and Br ^ 34 "d 47 Ditto | other similarly tender flowers was then course completely E 44 D ay Ditto spoiled for the season No rain fell till the 18th, the barometer E * | 4 | ^5 44 Ditto standing high ; but the wind then became variable for a few days, lg. 55 37 T 43 sec | Dee and afterwards set in from the south-west, when the barometer [yia E = WwW Ditto fell exceedingly, and was remarkably low on the 23rd, about y 60 | 48 66 i SE z -= | which time rain fell heavily. — P ; 55 | 48 7o N | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.954 inches "6$ | 45 70 = s die —— Temperature s.e...» Ditto . t. 467.85 WI 5) | 35 70 30 sw D a VE ert. Dew Point ....seere> d eec eo 44741 | 59 25 78 18 NW Brisk 4 —— Degree of Dryness ... MIN qaot 27.44. EM: |» [1 w D" .92 | _— Degree of Moisture ... Ditto ---+-+ — - my 46 | 20 66 es NW Little Force of Vapour ..--- ittO ses... .333 inch. | 4 | 38 8 — Least observed degree of Moisture «+++ — 70) §2 | 5e r m sw | a0 50 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade - - -~ - 64°. 4) 46 | 2» | 46 : — eid °7 | Minimum Temperature in "gro P «eo oo P PY 27 73 a "rong Maximum perature in the un... 00°. ESSE. 36 60 T Little -72 Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..---- 12°. * af! WE E 35 62 = Ww a Mean Temperature of External Air .--+- 45^.02 3 tt BLI : ^4 | 70 | 22 | -— Little | Pp Tib 18 | SW | Ditto | | m E E Bor | DR | E: aaa 29 pasar Ditto | E 34.80 Mes 50-19 | 1.71 | 184 ] NOVEMBER. Morning. . Noon. Night. 1842. H Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. T.| 1 43 | 43 | — |Fine 30.161| 53 | 48 | 5 |Cloudless 30.114. 36 | 36 | — |Foggy W.| zi—. 44 | 44 | — |Foggy —.0o84| 49 | 49 | — |Foggy —.126| 46 | 46 | — [Ditto Th.| 5/29. 41| 41 | — |Haz 29.934| 46 | 46 | — |Hazy 29.955. 38 | 38 | — |Clear & Fine F.| 4/30. 42 | 35 | 7 |Cloudy 30.073| 42 | 42 | — |Showery 30.151| 37 | 37 | — |Clear S.| 5i—. 38 | 38 | — |Overcast —.105| 46 | 39 | 7 |Ditto —.104| 40 | 40 | — |Sleet S.| 6|—. 40 | 40 | — jSlightshowers|—.131| 43 | 39 | 4 |Cloudy —.148| 40 | 4o | — [Overcast M.| 7| —. 42 | 42 | — |Overcast —.099| 47 | 40 | 7 |Ditto —.131| 41 | 41 | — [Ditto T.| 8|—. 42 | 42 | — Ditto —.0o89| 46 | 35 | 11 |Ditto 29-959 41 | 41 | — [Ditto W.| gi29. 42| 40 | 2 |Ditto 29.693| 44 — |Densely Overcast|—.634| 45 | 45 | — |Stormy, rain Th.i10j—. 49 | 49 | — |Rain —.60o| 51 | 51 | — |Cloudy —.494| 44 — |Rain F.i11—- 48 | 48 | — |Ditt -—.089| 55 | 55 | — |Rai —.548|, 51 | 51 | —- |Cloudy S.[12]—. 51 51 | — |Stormy & wet |—.238| 55 55 | — [Cloudy & fine |—-516| 42 42 | — |Clear S.13.—- 52 | 52 | — |Cloudy —.284| 52 | 52 | — |Boisterous, rain ||—.290, 50 | 50 | — |Stormy M.|14|—. 46 | 46 | — |Overcast —.763| 48 | 48 | — |Fine —.675| 46 | 46 | — |Boisterous, rain T.|15|—. 44 | 44 | — |Stormy & wet|—.614/ 46 | 46 | — Rain —.624 47 | 47 | — [Dull & foggy] — W.|16|—. 44 | 44 | — |Rain —.733| 45 | 45 | — |Drizzly —.896| 39 | 39 | — (tUe : Th.|17]30 40 | 38 | 2 |Overcast 30.291| 45 | 39 | 6 |Overcast 30.451, 39 | 39 | — |Cloudy, fine | F.18.—.532| 35 | 33 | 2 |Ditto — . 812 38 | 6 Cloudy —.419 33 | 33 | — {Ditto ; S.IrgiI—. 42 42 | — |Rain —.0o84| 47 47 | — |Rain 29.732, 5! 51 | — jOvercast, heavy um : S.|2029. 42 | 42 | — |Cloudy 29.733| 50 | 43 | 7 Ovezcast,fine| —.717| 43 | 43 | — [Overcast : MIU aE MI oe EE —.799| 44 | 42 | 2 (Cl —.677| 35 | -35 | — eee T.22—. 36.) 36 | = —.283| 37 | 37 | — |Rain and sleet|—.409| 36 | 36 | — |Clear W.|23|l—. 35 35 | — |Lightly overcast |— .432| 47 47 | — (Lightly overcast | —.152| 45 45> eS Th 28 44 44 — 2 793 47 47 Raro ine 876 42 42 Ses. Lightning, rain Pei, 4I 41 | — |Overcast .816| 44 44 | — Heavy Rain |—.988| 44 = Clear S 49 4 41 [€ 29.119| 49 45 4 |Lightly overcast |29.208 38 38 | — Ditto Te S.|27|—. 39: 39] — ome —.170| 54 | 54 | — |Fine —.069|.47 |.47| ee M.|28/28 $0 | 50 | — |Cloudy 28.893| 54 | 54 | — Rain 266 43 | 43 | — |Fine T.|29|29 43 | 45 | — |Very Fine 29.527| 51 | 49 | 2 |Very Fine —. 523 46 | 45 | 0 Overcast W.|3o0|—. 42| 42 | — |Fine —.761| 46 | 46 | — |Fine 975| -32 | ae | ee Clear | 2 40.41.97 0.43 29 .663|47.56 45-53:2.03 29-694 41 86 41.86 0,0 [ 185 } [Ssessarares 52.60 E o NOVEMBER. Temperature. | Wind | Rain. | | Remarks. | mys; Max, | Min. | Sur. | Rad. | Direction | Force In.. Pts. | ILE p 32 65 28 W Little The weather in this month was almost constantly wet and fre- Xu st FA 55 s« E | Ditto quently very a ane re of less frequent oc- NE TES: 3o — [MM *93 | currence than in the p ding m and they were also less de 31 6o 26 NE | Ditto “Ol | severe. Nearly 43 inches of rain fel, hiisi almost double the | ; wy 32 | 50 | 27 oe d Ditto ‘OT | usual quantity for the m e barometer was frequently T E e 4.55 | — | Ditto *?! | very low, and more epit so in the last week. - Onthe 24th, Fi 5 38 P 33 — | nm *?! | the depression was greater than at any other period of the year ; 9 35 1.54 | 35 NW | Ditto the day was fine, but there were lightning and heavy rain at i 44 47 42 SW Brisk +04 ight j| 41 5o 38 S Ditto .03 ^ DA | > s 45 — | Ditto -37 1 3 45 58 41 Ww Little .40 | Mean e non the 3 daily observations 29. 680 inches 5. 4 | 39 | 54 36 SW | Strong +29 Temperature. . ... .... -Ditto,..... 437.94 E 43 |.58 | 42 E |Little :67 | — Dew Poi GNE e Ditto Sob. i 46 | 44 46 42 — d Brisk E Degree of Dryness. cates Ditto...... 09.82 ; " 5 37 45 31 — | Ditto .02 = y of Moisture. . . . . Ditto -938 ES js 25 NE | Little — of Vapour....... Dido,....— 11710 lg 4 26 45 20 S Ditto Least ahead degree of Moisture........ e 52 45 52 44 SW Brisk .87 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade...... 55°. 49 34 52 27 NE Little Minimum per: ov SS ery 26°. x 52 26 — | Ditto 32 aximum Temperature in the Sun 65°. 39 | 30 44 25 E Ditto .17 | Minimum of "Terrestrial Radiation........ 207 47 | 39 50 36 SW Ditto .11 | Mean Temperature of External Air....... 42°.91 | u s 54 37 25 Brisk «32 2 i 12 30 | ag $ + SW xs .OI North... .....0 ys N. East. bees i ap 9 | 43 54. 43 S Ditto +24 South. sess.: 6. en TIPP 2 1^ 55 36 — | Ditto 104 East uus a N. Wes rene $2 39 55 35 SW | Ditto OI Wat sireng m LS West. eem eden E M io 54 |n W | Ditto „OI ` b d. 5 o Amount of Rain .. s. +4.47 Inches. 19:03) 36.80 33.03 4047 E Wm, 2ND SERIES, 2B [ 186 ] ea. Te! PSS ee a ay Sea DECEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 1842, 2 Parom Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Th. | 1|30.017| 46 6 | — |Slight Rain || 30.01 2 2 | — |Overcast 2 ia t 5 @ F.| zi—.oz x s pee eres dee 16 26 — [Densely clouded dU t 3 — [Clear & Fine S. | 3|—.200 41 | 41 | — |Ditto —.232| 52| 52|— Overcas -382 45 | 45 | — |Foggy S. | 41.406] 45 | 45 | — |Foggy —.399 52| 52 |— Ditto | 341, 45 | 45| — [Overcast M. | 5—.297| 44 — |Light Haze ||—.262 49 | 49 | — |Very Fine —.212, 42 | 42| — |Foggy T. | 6—.210| 38 | 38|— gy —212| 40| 40 | — E —.223, 39 | 39| — (Overcast W. | 7| —.30 37 37 | — Ditto —.304| 40 — Ditto —.333 38 | 38| — |Dense Fog Th, 8 —.404. 35 3$ | —— Ditto —.391 36 36 zac Ditto —.389 32 32| — Jitto E 9—-397 38 38 | — |Dit —.3$1| 44 —. |Ditto —.282| 42 42 | — Ditto S. i10 —.265 | 35 35 | — Overcast —205| 40 | 40| — Overcast —.165| 39| 39| — )vercast S. 11 —.017 | 39 39 | — oggy 29.946 43 43|— Slightly Overcast 29.851 42 42 | — Clear & F M. 12:29.802| ïo | 5o | — Rai —.850| $5 | 55 | — Do.& mild ||—.942) 56 | 56| — |Light Rain T. 13 30-007 | 52 $2 | — rin 39.017| 59 | 55 4 |Very Fine —.999 5o | $0| — |Overcast : Won 088 | 49 | 49 | — |Overcast —.080| 54 | 52| 2 |Exceedingly Fine | 30-073| 44 | 44| — Very Fine Th. [15 —.106| 45 | 45 | — |Very Fine —.104| 55 | 53| 2 Ditto —.gi| 47 | 47 | — Ditto F. |16.—.038 48 48 | — — 000] 55 55 | — |Densely Overcast | 29.952] 53 53| — Ditto, clear © S. |17\29.882| 48 48 | — [Slightly overcast || 29.965| ṣo | 45 | 5 |Very Fine 30.170} 38 | 38| — [Ditto S. 18/30.281| 36 | 36 | — 0.281} 46 | 46 | — |Clear & Fine | —.402| 38 | 38| — (Clear & Fine M. 19.—495| 36 | 36 | — [Ditto —485| 44| 44| — Very Fine —.448| 39 | 39| — (Overcast T. um NCC. 45 | 45 |. — |Hazy —.363| 51 51 | — |Hazy —.312| 49 | 49| — Ditto W. Seb 49 49 | — |Fin —.280| $3 53 | — |Ditto —.234| 51 $51 "— Ditto Th. 22 —.16 | 50| 50|— Cloudy —.063| $2 | 50] 2 |Very Fine 29.853) = $0 | $0]. p : F. 23129.608| 46 — {Rai 29.5$1| 46 | 46 | — 6141 38| 38|— Clear & Fine € S. 24—.6:1| 32 32 | — (Clear —.700| so | .50 | — [Ve e 794 32 | 32| — [Ditto S. 25—.815| 32] 32 | — [Ditto —.760| 45 | 45 | — Overcast, Fine| —.659| 49 | 49) — Stormy M. 26.548! $50 | 5o | — [Densely Cloudea || —-463 51]| 51 | — |Cloeudy,windy| — 141, 48 | 48|— Ditto Te 27—321| 42 | 42 | — Rain —.402| 45 | 45 | — |Ditto& damp | —.661| 32 | 32| — [Frost | E: 28—.929| 30 | 30| — rosty 30.050| 40 | 4o | — |Clear and fine| 30.144) 33 33] = d d F *(29,39.174| 47 47 | — |Overcast —.112| 50 50 | — Densely clouded | —.149| 51 311 7 Dind e es. um 161| 52 | $2 | — Cloudy —.200 55 | 55 | — |Cloudy & fine | —.215| 52 | 52 | — "ipe E . nem 51 51 | — |Do. & Fine —.046 55 $5 | = ne —178 29 29 Za | uU 30.074 41.9341.93| 00 30.100/47.25/46.77/0.48 | sora 4s 3845-38 ~ | : War I I [ 48; j DECEMBER Temperature. Wind. | Rain. * PEORES eee F ; | Remarks. Dus. Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad. Direction. | Force. | In. Pts, | | ET T |. $5 1 | S | Bri | | eee ee Littke | a 2 53 41 SW Diw | The weather was remakably mild ri ; 2 | | | > : y mild for the period of the season. : G 2 5 5 38 Ditto | bet little rain fell, and there were only a Ew slight frosts im Bes |e 5 3 SW Ditto De on the whole, this may be considered the finest December E 42 35 S Ditto that has been experienced for many years he nights averaged B s 40 30 i Ditto mr nearly 4? warmer than those in October of the present year 9| 43 z 37 29 SW Ditto 2 wind was 2 days from south-east ; and during all the rest 10| 39 | 38 44 34 SE Ditto of the month, it was from the warm quarters of South, South- "| 43 | 38 2 " 2 Ditto west, and West. 12| $7 | .50 5 itto -32 13| 61 57 | 48 S Ditto „OI 4| 56 16 S 39 — Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 30.082 inches. t| 56 | 38 M sec} ee Temperature......++++-Ditto...+++ 44°18 [6| 5s | 48 jo 34 uw Ditto — Dew Point ............- ito... ... 44°.02 | s 31 2 Ditto o6 Degree of Dryness.. .... Ditto... 09.16 8| 47 | 35 5 i a7, Ww Ditto Degree of Moisture ..... Ditto...... 994 19) 45 35 5 29 —— | Ditto Force of Vapour........ Dto; 5» i55 .328 inch. “alee 47 29 -— | Ditto | o, | Least observed degree of Moisture s.s...» .876 8| 5$ | 48 5 $ 45 SW | Ditto OI imum Temperature in the Shade... ... 61°. ELA a à 45 — | Ditto or | Minimum Temperature in Bit Osa nonin inns 25°. 3| 46 | 31 6 = W | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun,.....-- 65°. OBEN 4 27 SW | Ditto o9 Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation,....... 1”; 5 so | 48 ; 5 21 —— | Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air....... 44°.07 cag BET: 47 —— | Ditto E B E | 40 | —— | Brisk 5 2 20 | 8 2 n oa w Little ol North......++++ O days | N. East .... .--- o days 52 3 —— | Ditto South 0 46 $2 4 ^ th .... eere ws Bast — £s T a 46 57 ie ri ene pe ei T E . West .....-.- o ume Eicandées S, West sins «x» š i EO. 55 2; E 3 m 9 est 10 49.80 31 days. 38.35) 52.16 35-48 0.76 Amount of Rain ...... enn ev esacoose 0.76 inch. Monthly Mean Pressure, Temperature, and Dew Point, &c. of 1842 in the preceding Journal. [ 188 ] ; deduced from the Observations recorded E Pressure, Temperature. 1842. In Sun’ un Mean at Mean In the Shade, Mean at Mean Bii b ! i the three a the . LJ j bse ; i Mouths| Maz | Min. | Med. | Barom. | ye, | Noon. | Night. hig Max. | Min. | Med. | Morn. | Noon. | Night. Observ Mar. Jan. : 30. 452|29-100|29.969 1.352 |29: 983|29-944|29-977 29:968 47| 18 |32:45|32-31/36-70|33-03|34-01| 5° TN *|30-488 29. 115|29.937| 1.373 |29 968|29.938/29.920/29.942| 54 | 23 |40-03/39-9246.10/39.28 41.7Ó a March 30. 332/29. 152|29.824 1.180 |29.866|29.848 29.782/29.821 60 | 26 |44.9843-83,50-5444 5146.29 75 April |30.355|29.303,30.029 1.052 |30+035|30.017/30.015)30.022) 75 | ?3 46.2846. 1354-4039- 9646.85 98 May » 38729. 197 29.904 1.190 |19.911:9-899/29.900/29.903| 73| 3e |53-73)55-16)62-38)50-93)56-15) 4 June. p 296|29.420\29.994 0.876 30.013/29.993/29.970/29.992| 90 | 41 |63.5665.4774-4361.16/67.02 110 July .|30.388/29.611/29.940,0.777 29-94129-945/29-93629.919| 84 | 49 6o. 8o 62. 39669. 29,57 -12/62-93 107 Aug. (30.39929 621/29.991| 0.778 |30.002/29.991/29 988/29.993| 93 43 66.27166 77 73-67/61.38 67.27, 120 Sept 40.120329. 341/29 815 0.862 29 821 19 806 29 807/29.811 81 38 57.58 57-5303 5054.70 58.58) 108 v 30-490128.802/19.958 1.688 29.974|29.947/29-942/29.954| 64 | 20 |45.0243.09,53.5843.87 46.85 10° ov 10,011 28 701/20 6 6 20 AI20 220 04/20 Oo Ml tiom me : 1.739 29.684129 oe 9.694/29.680| ss | 26 |42.9142-4047.5641.8643.94 65 ttre x arm 4| 1-344 |30.074130 «100,39 074130 o82| 61| 25 |44.07|41-9347-2513-38|44- 18 65 Aver. 130. * i ‘ E | | 30.400/|29. 216/29 927| 1-184 [29.931 |29-924/29-917 29-924 69-75 29.41 |49-8049.73 56-61147595" . 33 87-25 52.25 48.58 23.0052 ina | Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. Scale of the Winds. | | — Mean Dew Poi | | E Se eee Mean | M | erre Mean Least Months. | | € orce of | degree of | degree of | d f | Morn. | Noon. | Night. Point, | Vapour. | Dryness. | Moisture. mk Sa N. | N. E D. S. E. S. | S. W. W. | Jan. .| 31.35) 34.74 32.58 32.8 | .22 | | | Feb..| 39.28 Dance uU ee tet t 5|? | | 39-28, 43-53 39-28 40.69 .288 1.07 ) Marchi 6 | l . 996 710 o o 5 G 12 3 4 ch 43.16 44.58 44.22 43.98 .327 | 2.31 | gzı 636 3| Ofo 1 11 | 10 April. 41.13) 41.63 38.33. 40.36 284 | 6.47 8 à uuu 6 | | | 794 441 3 | 13 Il 2 o o o 3| 51:51| 49.07| 59-137 $0.43) 407 | 5.72 | 996 | 427 3 6 | 6 June.| 58.44 58.10, 58.66 58.40 526 | 8.62 | 752 | 5 » o 7 | July .| 57.71, $8.29 56.70 | ogui e sian. oe cad ee ase ia Ty? 7158.29 56.70 56.32 «518 | 5.36 | 848 443 8. | Aug. | 63.58, 61.09 61.12 61.93 .592 St 839 453 | : : : | : : - | 1 | | Sept. | 57.10, 58.70. 54.65 56.81 $04 | 147 | d : : LC : Oct. | 42.61 46.7 | Bore ree se + | 42-01 40.74 43.87 44.41) .333 | 2.44 | 91 6 | Nor. | 41.971 45-53] 41.86. 43.12 | Lo [e p HIM we |t 41-97 45.53 41.86 43.12| .317 | 1.02 | 938 681 o Dec.. 41.93 46.77 43.38 44.02 328 | 0.16 | f ° à : : : Ne. : | | | 994 876 o o o 2 |12] 8 9 .| 47-48 49.11. 47.06 47.88 387 | | qum : 3-45 | 8 | ' 99 | sor || 20| 67 | 44| 15 |53| 74 | 63 | VIII. On the Exhaustion of Soils. By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. F. R. S., F. L. S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experi- mental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. (Communicated by the CHEMICAL COMMITTEE.) Aurnoven it is well known that some plants take more from the soil than others do, some requiring a large quantity of inorganic matters, such as Alkalies and the earthy Phosphates, whilst other plants require a comparatively small quantity, and hence in growing do not exhaust or impoverish the soil to so great an extent; yet there are many points connected with the subject, and having immediate reference to practical operations, which are by no means so clear as could be wished. The following observa- tions relate to one of these questions in particular, viz. what is the Maximum and minimum of exhaustion, for any given plant. Ina previous paper it has been shown, that the same plant grown in the same soil but differently manured, exposed to the influence of particular substances, or placed under different conditions, con- tains variable proportions of inorganic matter. This naturally leads to the question of how far these conditions are under our controul, because if they are so to any extent, it is evident that that mode of cultivation must be most desirable, in which the largest amount of vegetable matter is formed, at the least ex- Pence of inorganic matter. The plant selected for some experiments on this subject was the Red Mangel Wurzel, which was cultivated in rich soil, abundantly supplied with animal manure. A fair average plant was examined 190 On the Exhaustion of Soils, from week to week, to note the ratio existing between the vege- table matter formed, and the inorganic matter abstracted from the soil. In the early part of the experiment the rate of growth was very regular, so that by weighing a few plants from time to time the increase in weight of the roots every day might be readily ascertained. The experiment was commenced in July when the roots weighed about 3 oz. each, and were then increasing at the rate of nearly an ounce a day ; this rate of increase appeared to continue pretty regularly, for about six weeks, after which the plants grew far less regularly, an effect in part due to the unsettled state of the weather. The following Table shows the composition of the roots examined, during fifteen consecutive weeks, and also the composi- tion of the seeds previous to germination. Inor; ic in Composition of Red Mangel Wurzel Water. Organic matter. Inorganic matter, 10000 ee ary seed. Seed previous to germination. 1470 71940 590 691 Roots. Leaves. Weather. Organic | Ino i i in Av Water. matter. MÀ — Water. pre guo T pu den temp. FREE lst week 9135 748 117 9295 535 170 0.32 Do 8930 965 105 9330 516 154 1.28 57 3d Do 9050 843 107 9254 635 111 00 64 4th Do 9159 778 63 94 43 147 0.78 67 5th Do 9184 729 87 9256 582 162 1.20 59 6th Do ` 9377 526 97 9444 404 152 0.05 68 7th Do 9279 634 87 9330 475 195 0.52 8th Do 9271 621 108 9376 455 169 0.01 65 ic 9184 718 98 9368 505 127 0.20 61 th Do 9186 5 99 9696 240 0.36 53 PEDE 1051 89 9130 654 216 0.49 59 teh Do ati - 91 9198 594 208 0.74 jie 14th De 90 A des 9055 720 225 0.95 a 15th De 12 8439 356 205 0.77 9027 973 85 9107 737 156 1.35 47 ee oon The results of this series of experiments exhibit less regularity than might have been expected; the conclusions to be drawn from them as regards the degree of exhaustion are arranged in the following Table. By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 191 Roots. Leaves. | Inorg. matt | Organ matt.| Inorg. matt. Organ zd "— nis E 100 parts | in 10000 pts. |— 100 parts inorganic. dry. inorganic. Ist week ; 1354 639 2409 314 2d Do. . š 987 919 2301 335 3d o 1134 787 1497 572 4th Do 60 1234 2533 294 5th Do 1067 837 2186 359 6th Do . 1565 542 2689 265 7th Do 1209 728 2913 243 8th Do 1486 575 2713 269 t 1203 732 2024 397 10th Do 1220 122 2102 375 llth Do 784 1169 2311 302 12th Do 1025 926 2592 285 13th Do 1015 990 2389 320 14th Do 4 - 1129 786 1316 661 15th Do. x 876 1144 1748 472 It is worthy of note that in examining this series of plants it was observed that the young roots for the first two weeks contained small traces of Nitric acid, whilst for the three first weeks the leaves contained a very large quantity ; in the third and fourth week the roots contained a considerable portion of Nitric acid, but after that little or none could be detected ; from the fourth to the eleventh week the leaves also contained a considerable quantity, but during the three last weeks of the experiment the leaves like the roots were quite destitute of any Nitrates. At the same time with these experiments a similar examination was made of the experimental Mangel Wurzel roots, which formed the subject ofthe experiment already described (p. 86 of this volume). The following is the relative composition of this series of plants. Organic. | Inorganic’ | JBCte, ma Manure applied. Water. matter. matter, E Muriate ed Lim 9075 837 98 . Phosphate of "Qm 9090 817 93 rt y Ape ae a Potash . 9032 854 114 is 4. Muriate of Ammonia 9085 814 101 904 5. Nitrate of P. š 014 889 oot SR. c 8991 1 98 975 7. N Mm 8858 1027 115 8.. Muriate of oh n 8935 972 93 1 . Nitrate o 064 838 1163 10. Sulphate of Í Magnesia 9039 850 d 1941 11. Sulphate of i 154 742 dis 1496 192 On the Exhaustion of Soils, By comparing these numbers with those already given (p. 86), as expressing the weights of the several crops, it is easy to calculate the relative value of each crop as expressed by the effect produced in deteriorating the soil. Hence we at once get a reply to the question, whether the largest crop exhausts the soil more, or less, than the smaller ones, in proportion to the amount of food or vegetable matter formed. This is shewn in the following Table which contains the weight of the crop per acre, the quantity of inor- ganic matter removed from the soil by each crop, the quantity of dry organic matter equivalent to 100 parts of the inorganic matter thus abstracted, and the assumed effect produced by each crop, arranged in the order of their exhausting effects. Weight of |Inorg.matter| Dry. organic | Assumed Crop. in Crop. matt—100 pts. relative wt. Ibs. | inorg. | exhaustion. 12. Superphosphate of Lime 530 594 568 1839 15. Phosphate of Soda . 513 626 653 1583 1l. Sulphate of Soda . 647 153 713 1465 3. Sulphate of Potash . 54 963 749 1395 10. Sulphate of Magnesia 627 929 765 1366 4. Muriate of Ammonia 658 745 805 1298 14. Sulphate of Ammonia 457 471 832 1256 1. Muriate of Lime . 939 1032 854 1223 9. Ni o : 682 682 855 1222 16. Rotten dung . è 676 820 876 1192 ^ Phosphate of Ammonia 715 745 878 1190 . No manure s ; 617 805 892 1171 5. Nitrate of Potash . 736 800 916 1140 6. Common salt . $ 774 850 929 1124 13; Carbonate of Soda . 653 702 1031 1001 8. Muriate of Potash 696 725 1045 1000 It is evident then from this Table, that the rate of exhaustion is quite independent of the weight of the crop. Thus for example, taking Phosphate of Ammonia as a standard of comparison, it appears that Sulphate of Ammonia produced a smaller, and Muriate of Lime a larger crop; yet, both of these crops exhausted the soil more than the standard, just in the proportion that 1256 and 1223 are more than 1190. Again no manure produced a smaller, and common salt a larger crop, than Phosphate of Ammonia did, but both of them, in proportion exhausted the soil less than the standard in the ratio of 1171 and 1124 to 1190. In arriving at this By Epwarp Sory, Esq. > 193 conclusion, however, it must be remembered that as the nature of the inorganic substances absorbed by plants, varies as well as their quantity, it does not follow that that plant which takes up most earthy matter does most injury to the soil. It is in fact more pro- bable that the amount of Phosphoric acid taken up by the crop would be a fairer standard of exhaustion; but even this does not seem to be quite accurate in all cases, because though in some experiments it was found that the earthy matter bore a smaller relation to the organic matter, just in proportion to the quantity of Phosphoric acid it contained; yet there were so many exceptions to this rule, as to render its applicability very questionable. Previous experiments had made it appear probable that some relation existed between the rapidity of growth, and the pro- portion of earthy matters existing in the plants. In the experi- mental Peas (p. 86) very little effect was produced by the various manures employed ; Common Salt and Nitrate of Soda slightly improved the growth of the plants, they were rather larger and more flourishing than the other ten squares, but the produce in seed was rather less. In July, when the seeds were fully formed, but still quite soft and green, they were examined ; the following Table shews their composition, and the relation of inorganic to organic matter at this time. Organic | Inorganic org. matt er parts. petes Water. matter. | matter. |!? m 1000, p inorg. ph | exhaustion. ——_ em gere Nitrate of Soda « 7383 2526 91 347 2775 nit Phosphate of Ammonia 7288 2625 87 323 ea 1140 Muriate of Am 7068 2838 94 323 2987 1186 Sulphate of Potash 7105 2803 92 319 3025 1116 Sulphate of 7080 2830 90 217 3052 1097 o on S 7042 2868 90 312 3105 1078 Phosphate of Lime 7135 2778 87 306 3160 1668 Sulphate of Lime 7180 | 2735 | 85 309 oe 1066 Muriate ~ dicen i 6893 3013 94 20s ees 1032 No manu 7073 2837 90 308 Pe 1014 Sulphate et Magnesia 6639 3264 97 29 wa 1000 Bhace of Ammonia 6921 | 2992 87 285 340 Three months later, when the Peas were perfectly ripe, and zm been gathered in and weighed, they were a second time examined; VOL. Ill, 2ND SERIES. 2C 194 ` On the Exhaustion of Soils, and though still very uniform in composition, the proportion of inorganic manner, differed a good deal from that in the green Peas. The results of this second series of experiments, which bear more immediately on the subject of inquiry, are contained in the following Table. Ripe Peas. | Organic | Inorganic Ino 5 att Crop, Dry organic Assumed po LIESS a a E cwt. lbs Sommon Salt * BLO: 8610 280 316 17 396 3063 1127 sulphate of Lime 1057 8670 273 305 18 .75 3171 1092 Nitrate of Sod: 1090 8640 270 303 16 54 3200 1079 lphate of Soda 8833 270 299 18 64 3234 1068 *hosphate of Lime 9 8777 266 295 21. 84 3291 1049 Iphate of Potash 1044 8693 263 294 19 19 3301 1046 Auriate of Am 014 8723 263 293 29 61 3312 1043 ulphate of Ammonia | 1000 8737 263 292 19 52 3317 1041 Yo manure 1 ; 927 8810 263 292 21 104 3345 1032 ulphate of Magnesia 1024 8716 260 291 18 97 3352 1030 hosphate of Ammonia 860 8880 260 248 18.21 3415 1011 luriate of Potash . 874 8870 256 281 2I bt 3455 1000 From this Table it is clear that the crops which at first grew most vigorously, and seemed most benefited by the manures, namely, those to which common Salt and Nitrate of Soda had been applied, absorbed in consequence a considerably larger proportion of earthy matters; as from the numbers in the last column it appears, that in those plants the relation of inorganic to organic matter, is bigher than in most of the others. The experiments already described on Mangel Wurzel are on the other hand opposed to this view, and the following examination of the Experimental Potatoes likewise leads to very different conclusions, because in place of finding that those plants which grew most vigorously, or yielded the largest return of produce, contained most inorganic matter, we find that set of plants which grew most luxuriantly and produced the largest crop, was also that in which the smallest proportion of inorganic matter was contained ; a result which is further borne out by the experiments on Potatoes, of the previous year, described at p. 48. [ By Epwanp» Sorry, Esq. 195 Potatoes, Organic | Inorganic || Inorg. matt. Crop, Dry organic | Assumed Water: | matter. | maler. |!" T0lee parts] peracie, [marci | rare, cwt. ulphate of Ammonia 7315 2527 158 590 289 1594 1412 ommon Salt : 7508 2345 147 570 302 1654 1360 litrate of Soda 7636 2237 127 540 309 1751 1285 ulphate of Soda 7590 2280 130 540 266 1751 1285 ulpha me 7568 2305 127 525 231 1804 1248 [uriate of Potash 7679 2200 121 525 300 1804 1248 ulphate of Magnesia | 7613 2271 116 500 279 1900 1185 hosphate of Ammonia! 7504 2374 122 490 262 1940 1160 ` : 7124 2166 110 485 297 1961 1140 hosphate of Lime 7668 2223 109 470 257 2021 1113 ulphate of Potash . 7695 2199 106 460 241 2073 1081 Turiate of Ammonia 7743 2164 93 425 341 2252 1000 In experiments of this kind, considerable variations have been found in the composition of the inorganic substances which plants contain, when thus cultivated under different circumstances; and therefore we must not at once conclude that such results are rigorously correct. From these, however, and a number of other experiments, I have no doubt that a large and healthy crop does really in proportion exhaust the soil less than a smaller and less flourishing one; nay, even, that under certain circumstances a moderate crop will take more out of a soil, or be more exhausting to it, than a larger one. Bedford Row, 15th January, 1845. [ 197 ] IX.—On Seed-Steeping. By Epwanp Sorry, Esq., K. R. S., F. L. S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. (Communicated by the CHEMICAL COMMITTEE.) From very early times it has been a favourite idea with the fol- lowers of husbandry, that the produce of the ground might be greatly increased by causing the seed to undergo some process of preparation previous to its being sown. On looking over the various writings of those who have made agriculture their study, one cannot but observe how very frequently, great importance is attributed to the preparation of the seed; and considering the mul- titude of books which have been written, and the number of expe- riments made by succeeding generations, it is not a little remark- able that even at the present day it should still be open to inquiry whether the steeping or preparation of the seed, does or does not, to any extent supply the necessity of manure. We are told by Virgil ; | Semina vidi equidem multos medicare serentes, Et nitro prius, et nigra perfundere amurcá, Grandior ut fetus siliquis fallacibus esset. and we are told at the present time that by steeping the seeds of corn, &c., in certain solutions, of nitre and other salts, a small quan- tity will be absorbed, which will greatly increase the vigour and luxuriance of young plants, and ensure without further manure a much larger and more plentiful harvest, than could possibly be obtained without the previous steeping. I will not attempt to give any sketch of what has been written on the subject of seed-steeping, which would necessarily lead to long and tedious details, but I shall content myself with a few brief 198 On Seed-Steeping, quotations from the writings of some of the most ingenious men of their times, as an introduction to my own experiments. The writings of many of the agriculturists of the seventeenth century display a remarkable spirit of inquiry, associated with a correctness of reasoning, hardly to be expected in such early days, and almost free from the narrow-minded fear of innovation which | characterises many of the writers of the last century. In the writ- ings of Plattes for example, there are suggestions which may be studied with advantage even at the present day. The following remarks on the steeping of seeds are from his ** Discovery of hidden Treasure, published in 1639, and follow some good observations on liquid manure. “ When the sun hath exhaled the greater part of the dung-water, and that it groweth thickish and fat, then reserve a good pit full thereof well bottomed with clay, that will hold water, and at seed-time steep your seed-corn in it, but put the fat water to it by little and little as it drinketh it up; that at the last it may be almost dry of itself: but before it be full dry, sift a small quantity of lime amongst it, that so it may grow dry with the lime, and grow like comfits, then with this seed sow or set your most remote ground from your dunghills, and by this means you will save ten times as much labour in carriage of your dung, so far as this labour cometh too, and as for your crop, though you shall not have so much increase as some, have mountebanklike reported of it, yet you shall have a good material increase, for one crop only. " And I have sometimes spritted the corn a little, as they use to do for malt, and then have sown it, and it came up speedily and got the predomination of the weeds at first, and so kept the same, whereby I had far greater increase than ordinary. Also I found sometimes when a dry season came upon the sowing, that my corn thus ordered took root far better than other mens’ corn who would not take this small pains to steep it and sprit it.” About this period attention was drawn to seed-steeping by Lord Bacon, who made a number of experiments on the subject, which . By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 199 possess considerable interest. The following account of them is from the fifth century of his Sylva Sylvarum, or Natural History, published in 1664, after his death. * There were sown in a bed turnip seed, raddish seed, wheat, cucumber seed, and peas. The bed we call a hot bed, and the manner of it is this. There was taken horse-dung, old and well rotted ; this was laid upon a bank half a foot high, and supported round about with planks, and upon the top was cast sifted earth some two fingers deep, and then the seed sprinkled upon it, having been steeped all night in water mixed with cow-dung. “ The turnip seed and the wheat came up half an inch above ground within ten days after, without any watering: the rest the third day. The experiment was made in October ; and it may be, in the Spring the acceleration would have been the speedier. This is a noble experiment, for without this help they would have been four times as long incoming up. But there doth not occur to me at this present, any use thereof for profit, except it should be for sowing of peas which have their price very much increased by the early coming. It may be tried also with cherries, strawberries, and other fruit which are dearest when they come early. “ There was wheat steeped in water mixed with cow-dung ; others in water mixed with horse-dung ; in water mixed with pigeon’s dung; in human urine; in water mixed with chalk powdered; in Water mixed with soot; in water mixed with ashes ; in water mixed With bay salt; in claret wine; in malmsey wine; and others in Spirit of wine. The proportion of the mixture was a fourth part of the ingredients to the water, save that there was not of the salt above one-eighth. The urine, wines, and spirit were simple, with- out mixture of water. The time of steeping was twelve hours, the time of the year October. There was also other wheat sown unsteeped but watered twice a day with warm water. There was also other wheat sown simple to compare with the rest. The event Was that those which were in the mixture of dung, urine, soot, chalk, 200 On Seed-Steeping, ashes, and salt came up within six days, and those that afterwards proved the highest, thickest, and most lusty, were first the urine, then the dungs, next the chalk, next the soot, next the ashes, next the salt, next the wheat simple, next that watered twice a day with warm water, next the claret wine. So that those three last were slower than ordinary wheat itself, and this culture did rather retard than advance. As for those that were steeped in malmsey and spirit of wine, they came not up at all. Thisis a rich experiment for profit; for the most of the steepings are cheap things and the goodness of the crop is a great matter of gain; if the goodness of the crop answer the earliness of the coming up, as it is like it will; both being from the vigour of the seed, which also partly appeared in the former experiment, as hath been said." The experiments of Bacon and the good opinion which he seems to have had of the value of seed-steeping caused many to take up the subject; various solutions were recommended ; and as various was the success which attended their use. The following cautious observations of.Blith (1649), are interesting in connexion with the preceding account of Bacon's experiments. | “Sir Francis Bacon is of opinion that salt mingled with corn hath a very good operation, being sowed with the corn, which pos- sibly may, because brackishness is fruitful to the land, also that chalk and lime sowed with the corn is very helpful and that steep- ing of your corn in fat water, lime-water, or dunghill-water, hath a wonderful effect to work strange things, of all which myself having not made full experience, can find no more advantage therein than just so much as is added to the corn either of the chalk or lime in substance, or so much as is added of the soil or fatness of either of the waters and no more. For having made a thorough trial thereof found no otherwise, nor nothing of that great advantage promised ; but let me not prejudice any ingenious trials of the same, others may find more, possibly I might miss in the manner of my application." By Epwanp Sorry, Esq. 201 | On reading over the opinions of those who stated that they had tried the process of seed-steeping, it will be observed that they are for the most part unfavourable, though generally qualified by a modest doubt of the accuracy of their conclusions, and the de- cisiveness of their experiments. This is illustrated in the observa- tions of Blith, and also in the following remarks of Sir Hugh Plat (1653). “ Now a word or two of those conceited practices, which I promised before. I have heard some studient practisers very con- fidently affirm, that if you steep your corn in water, the space of certain hours (but I could never yet find them all agree in one time; for some limit, twelve hours, some eighteen, and some thirty-six hours, you may prove them all and keep the best) in water, wherein good store of cow-dung hath lain in imbibition for certain days, (which times you must also search, if you mean to be an exact master) every day stirring the same once or twice together before you lay in your corn, and after this preparation you sow the same (though in barren ground) that so you shall purchase a most rich and plentiful crop with an easy charge. But this kind of prac- tice, I have heard both maintained and impugned as well by reason as by experience, and that by men of good judgment on both sides, although if I would set down my own experience herein, I must needs confess I could never yet attain to any truth in this secret, or to make any apparent difference between the corn that was husbanded in this manner and that which grew of itself without any such help (yet will I not for the credit of the reporters) alto- gether discredit the invention, for that peradventure I might fail in the nature of the grain or in the time of imbibition.” He then proceeds to relate a successful experiment in which corn was mixed with dung and water, the whole being well stirred together for one hour; after standing some hours it was again stirred for half an hour, and then left at rest all night. On the fol- lowing morning the water was permitted to drain away, and the corn and dung together then sown on very poor barren soil; the crop VOL. III. 2ND SERIES. : 202 On Seed-Steeping, obtained was most plentiful, as if the ground itself had been well manured, This experiment however can hardly be fairly classed amongst those on seed-steeping, though at the same time it is probable that the effects produced were in great part similarly caused to those which from time to time have been produced by mere steeping. : Within the last three or four years public attention has been again drawn to the subject of seed-steeping by reports of the won- derful crops obtained from steeped seeds. In Germany M. Bickes and M. Vietor, and Mr. Campbell in our own country, have de- scribed the surprising effects on vegetation produced by various steeps; indeed, the accounts published by the German authors are so marvellous, and the deductions made by them from the results of their experiments so startling, that they could not fail to excite curiosity and induce experiment, though on consideration we feel assured that the authors must have either been greatly deceived themselves, or willing to exaggerate their results a little in order to excite the attention of their readers. The experiments of these authors are so well known that it is unnecessary here to reca- pitulate them further, than to observe that the principle put forth was the same as that advanced so long since by Bacon and others, that by manuring the seed previous to sowing it, a far better harvest would be obtained; the plants would grow with greater vigour and luxuriance, and in consequence would be less liable to blights and the ravages of insects. Some of the recent advocates of seed-steeping have gone much further than this, and have asserted that by properly preparing the seed, it may be made to absorb such a quantity of those substances which growing plants require, that, when placed in the ground it will contain within itself such a store of inorganic food, as to be quite independent of the soil, and therefore in growing not exhaust the latter at all. The object, contemplated in the following series of experiments made at the Garden of the Horticultural Society in the Spring of - A By Epwarp Sorry, Esq. 203 1844, was to ascertain whether any and what effect would be pro- duced by steeping various seeds in certain simple solutions previous to sowing, and to submit the plants subsequently to chemical examination should any differences be observed which might ren- der such a proceeding desirable. The ground selected for the experiments was uniform and had not been previously used for chemical experiments, its composition was very nearly the same as that of the ground employed in the experiments of last year (see p. 36 of this volume). The seeds were all good, being selected on purpose, and the whole of each kind of seed was sown at the same time. Saturated solutions of pure nitrate of soda, chloride of calcium, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of ammonia, phosphate of ammonia, and common salt were made, and these diluted by the addition of nine times as much pure water ; enough of each steep was taken to cover entirely the portion of seeds to be steeped, the quantity of solution being invariably two flud ounces; the seeds were left in the solution until they had swelled considerably, and it became evident that in a little time more they would sprout, when they were withdrawn from the solutions, drained on paper, and then sown. During the whole time of steeping they were kept in the dark. Besides the six por- tions of seeds steeped in the above mentioned solutions, two others were sown, one of which had been soaked a corresponding time in water alone, and one which had not been steeped at all; thus the effect would be observed, of steeping in water alone as distinguished from the additional effect produced by each salt employed. The beds intended for each particular sort of seed were divided into forty rows, and each of the eight parcels of seed was subdivided into five portions, so as to allow one to each row. Thus the first eight rows received each of them a portion of the same sort of seed differently prepared, the series of eight being repeated five times over, the first, ninth, seventeenth, twenty-fifth, and thirty-third row containing seeds similarly prepared ; each row having in fact four more rows like itself, but separated from each 204 On Seed-Steeping, other as widely as possible, so as to ensure fair average results by diminishing the chance of any local circumstances interfering with the experiments. Each row contained thirty seeds, so that there were 150 seeds of each sort, for each steep; the seeds were sown early in April. The experiment was under the care of Mr. Thompson. - 1. Wnrar. At first these seeds exhibited considerable dif- ferences in the time required for germination, after a little time, however, they came up pretty generally but grew irregularly, and did not form good ears, the following table shows the number of young plants up: Eleven Days after Sowing. Total. Nitrate of Sod 0 3 2 1 1 7 Chloride of Cal 0 4 1 1 4 10 Sulphate of Magnesia 11 4 3 4 8 30 Muriate of Am 0 4 1 l 3 9 othing . 3 1 3 l 4 12 Phosphate of Ammonia a 1 2 11 9 30 0 1 2 2 3 8 ion aii Salt . é 2 2 1 3 0 8 2. Barter. The experiments with barley succeeded better than those with wheat, two of the solutions appeared to have done some good, for the seeds steeped in them at first had rather the advantage over the others; this difference, however, very soon disappeared, and in a short time when the plants had attained a height of six inches no difference could be perceived. The plants spread and formed abundance of ears, the grain in which ripened well, but no marked differences could be perceived amongst them: Ten Days af! ^ ur. ter Total || T T after | Total. || [Whole Grain. Straw Eu Md . | Ib. oz. | Ib. 92. Nitrate of Soda ‘ 0} O12] 110 2 0|3|3| 1/2 9 8 7 T 43074 M Chloride of Calcium. | 0/0|0| 0/3; 3 |0|5|a3.a3l5| 16 | 7 12 |3 0 |4 1 Sulphate of Magnesia | 12) 4/3) 1/3} 23 |17]4|4| 6]9| 40 17 13 |s 414 8 uriate of Ammonia o|i3|1| olo! 4 SEA Al Fiat Ws [rr à 18 £15 nn Nothin 3}0/2) O11} 6 | 5/217} 115] 20 ls 9 |3 6|4 5 Phosphate of Ammonia 5} 1/2/10] 8] 26 8} 1} 3/12) 9} 33 733-18 58 158 5 3 O; 1; 0} 1131. 4 | alala] alal i; fe 3.18 3 14 2 |Common Salt . 010/01 olo 0 81212] Aioli r e 7 jo.a ——— A pu murti By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 205 3. Oars. Oats germinated and came up with very great regu- larity ; the following table shows the whole number up in seventeen days after sowing, and also the weight of the crop produced by each steeping : Produce. " Total Young Plants after 17 Days j Grain. Straw Ibs. oz. | 1b.) 02. Nitrate of Soda E 125 Is 9.4 Chloride of Calcium , 120 2 58 5-.9 Sulphate of Magnesia 126 I.191 39 19 Muriate of Ammonia 126 4. ] 4 .3 Nothing :——:——3 133 Foira Phosphate of Ammonia 119 2 11 3.414 Water . A f 128 2c 2E I Common Salt . ; 123 1:74 4 6 In this experiment no appreciable difference was perceptible in the time when the different rows of seed came up ; they germinated at nearly the same time, and at no period of their growth did the plants exhibit any differences in appearance. 4. Rye. These seeds came up with far more irregularity than the oats, all the steeps more or less retarding the germination of the seeds. As the plants did not shoot into ear regularly, no ac- count of the weight of the produce could be kept. The following table shows the number of plants above ground in the tenth and twelfth day after sowing : Ten Days after Sowing. Total. Twelve Days after Sowing. Total. e of Soda 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 l 14 Chloride of Calcium . 0 4 0 4 1 9 0 7 5 5 3 20 Sulphate of Magnesia | 3 4&1 91-3 8 18 7 (Claraslim 29 Muriate of Ammonia 019 148614 5 5 2 6190L0]?» TI eg. c] lF 19.5 LH 39 |i3 | 3 |13 | 11 | 22 62 |PhosphateofAmmonia| 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 5 7 $ lairi? 16 water. sre ro a | 34 13 gh ee va es Ee 18 Common Salt . 3 0 0 l 0 4 3 1 0 2 0 6 5. Peas. Out of the eight series of peas sown only three ger- minated, the remaining five were evidently destroyed by the steeps. 206 On Seed-Steeping, The three which came up were those not prepared at all, those merely soaked in water, and those steeped in sulphate of magnesia. The following was the result of this experiment : Seventeen Days Green Crops. Seed. Straw after Sowing. lbs, Ibs. oz. lbs. oz Nitrate of Soda 0 0 0 0 0-.9 Chloride of Calcium . 0 0 079 OD Sulphate of Magnesia 65 19 4 3 35 Aene of Ammonia 0 0 0 —9 0 0 ing 94 18 5 3 3$ 19 Phosphate of Ammonia 0 0 0 0 D y Wat è x 106 19 5c? 4 Poor Salt 1 x 1 0 0 0 0 7,0 6. Tunwips. The seeds steeped in water were the first to come up. Unfortunately the fly took the greater number of the young plants and destroyed the experiment eight days after sowing. The following were the number of plants up : Nitrate of Soda : 1 hing 28 Chloride of Calcium . 34 Phosphate of Ammonia 4 tees of Magnesia . 34 Water : cU B5 riate of Ammonia . 11 Common Salt . . 40 7. Musrarp and 8. Cress. Mustard. Cress. Eight Days after | Twelve Daysafter || Eight Daysafter | Twelve Days after Sowing. Sowing. Sowing. , Rowing. itrate of Sod 0 3 1 2 Chloride of Calc 6 12 2 8 Sulphate of Magnesia 6 9 7 7 à of Ammonia 1 1 1 H ol s v. 20 20 10 14 Phosphate of Ammonia 0 0 1 2 e iss 22 22 5 5 Common Salt . 8 12 1 4 ee d 9. Lerruces and 10. Beans. Lettuces. Beans. Twelve Days after | Fourteen Days after Sowing. Sowing. Nitrate of Soda 25 0 Chloride of Calcium . 35 0 Sulphate of Magnesi 30 3 e of Ammonia 27 0 ‘othing . : a 21 2 Phosphate of Ammonia 20 1 Water . : : 25 6 Common Salt . 39 0 ————— By Evwarp Sorry, Esq. 207 The whole series of experiments was made in rather unfavour- able weather, being a period of unusual drought; this greatly checked the germination of the seeds, and in some instances retarded it for some weeks. The beans, No. 10, mostly came up in the course of the following fortnight, but those which had first come up, which had been steeped in water, retained their supe- riority to the last. The general results of these experiments, as far as they may be trusted, are rather against seed-steeping. As regards the wheat, barley and lettuces, it certainly seems as if the salts employed did accelerate germination, because in two cases, namely sulphate of magnesia and phosphate of ammonia, more than twice as many plants had come up than where no steeping or only water had been employed ; we may therefore conclude that in these cases, the salts and not the water, produced the effect which was observed. In all the other experiments, however, the salts appear to have done more or less harm ; at least the seeds which were steeped germinated less rapidly than those not steeped in saline Solutions. In the case of the oats, peas, and mustard, the un- Steeped seeds and those steeped in water alone, germinated most rapidly, the latter rather having the start of the former. In the rye and cress the unsteeped seeds germinated most rapidly, whilst those steeped in water were beaten by some of the saline solutions, and in the turnips and beans, those steeped in water came up first, Whilst some of those prepared with saline solutions germinated sooner than the unprepared seeds. The different salts acted differently on the various seeds em- ployed : thus in the case of wheat and barley, sulphate of magnesia, and phosphate of ammonia, produced the best effect of all the salts employed; with turnips, lettuces and mustard, common salt and chloride of caleium acted best ; with peas and beans, sulphate of magnesia had the greatest effect; with rye and cress, chloride of calcium and sulphate of magnesia were most advantageous ; whilst With oats, all the salts employed, produced very little effect. It 208 On Seed-Steeping, is remarkable that throughout, nitrate of soda and muriate of am- monia decidedly retarded germination. In these experiments the seeds were all left in steep the longest time which it was considered could be safely done; as it was however very desirable, also to make trial of the effects of steeping for different periods, the following experiment was made under the superintendence of Mr. Donald. One hundred and twenty-five seeds of Lupinus Hartweg were divided into twenty-five parcels of five each, and each parcel differently prepared previous to sowing. One parcel was kept unsteeped ; twelve were steeped for longer or shorter periods in a solution of phosphate of ammonia, formed by mixing one part of the saturated solution of the salt with four parts of water; and the remaining twelve in a solution of just half the strength, consisting of one part of the saturated solution diluted with nine parts of water. The following table shows the result of this experiment, the seeds being all sown on the same day. Strength of Solution. Hours in Steep. | Number Raised. | Days after Sowing. Remarks. : 0 5 2 Very healthy lin 5 water. 6 2 2 Very weak lin 5 do. 13 2 V Do. do. lin 5 do. 18 ] 3 Do. do. l in 5 do. 24 g 3 Do. do. lin 5 do 30 1 3 Do. do. lin 5 do 36 1 2 Do. do. died 2 days after Em 5 do 42 2 4 weak lin 5 do 48 2 3 lin 5 do. 52 0 tin “do: 58 0 lin 5 do 64 0 Em 5 do- 168 0 lin 10 do. 3 2 healthy lin 10 do. I2 1 5 weak lin 10 do. 18 1 4 do. lin 10 do. 24 l 3 do. l in 10 do. 30 0 lin 10 do. 36 2 4 weak lin 10 do, 42 1 5 do. lin 10 do. 48 0 lin 10 do. 52 0 lin 10 do. 58 0 lin 10 do. 64 0 lin 10 do. 168 0 This experiment, unlike those previously described, is certainly not in favour of the value of phosphate of ammonia as a steep ; it 1S By Epwan» Sorry, Esq. 209 however worthy of remark, that of the first series of Lupine seed steeped in the strong solution, 13 came up out of 60, whilst in the second series of those steeped in the weaker solution, only 9 came up out of 60. It is remarkable that the smaller quantity of the salt, seemed to do more harm than the larger. Two distinct operations are very frequently spoken of under the general name of seed-steeping; the one consists in sinking the seeds in a considerable quantity of some liquid, the excess of which is poured off when it is judged the seeds have absorbed as much as is desirable; the second, when the seeds are soaked in a very small quantity of the solution, not more being used than they are able to absorb, so that there subsequently does not remain any liquid to be drained off, a quantity of dry lime or other powder being sifted upon the seeds and stirred up with them so as to dry the surface partially. It is evident that these two are very different operations and calculated to produce very different effects. By an operation of the first sort, light, blighted, and worthless grains which rise to the surface may be readily separated from the sound seeds, and the eggs of insects may be destroyed, which if sown with the seed might soon hatch and destroy the young plants. In the second process these effects are not attained ; the seeds as in the first-mentioned plan absorb a certain quantity of a solution, and in addition are externally coated with a small quantity of lime, or some other dry substance, which in a soil deficient in the sub- stance employed may constitute a useful and valuable manure ; whilst at the same time when lime is employed, it will probably defend the seeds from any insects in the soil. It is evident that the value of any steep or process of preparing seed, willin great part depend on the nature of the soil where the seed is sown, and the weather or peculiar conditions of the season when itisused. It must always be remembered that no process of steeping can possibly replace the use of manure; if by steeping the seed we are enabled to obtain from the soil a larger crop than VOL. IlI. 2ND SERIES. 2E 210 On Seed-Steeping, óc. we should otherwise have had, it is certain that the crop of the next year will suffer in proportion. The only chemical effect of seed- steeping must be to cause germination to proceed more rapidly and give increased vigour to the young plant, and consequently to re- quire a larger supply of earthy matters from the soil. The expe- riments made this year at the Gardens of the Society, must be received with some allowance, as having been carried on in a pecu- liarly unfavourable season ; they possess however considerable in- terest, and as far as they go may be relied on as accurate. Bedford Row, 15th January, 1845. es kot b oe = E es ae et - ds m U LOL OUR]. qs] AB IULOMAIY TS qnpuosdupmy | | Mp) uiv vs EEEFFEEEEFEEFEFEEEEEE [ww €T dd xd 4d 4d 4d 4 M 3 4 d s. N WR LLLI : | [TLEHTITTHLEEEHLTTEEHLLE ELE LLL LLL LLL EL LLL ELLLLLLLLLI » S PUL LEE EUATL EL LELLHL LLL LLL DL LLL LLL EL LLLI CE, t LLLLLLLLLULEELLILETI TAN «LIB Li | ATT EAT TETTE s> : LLLLLLLLELEI TOOT s s^ Xam | Pe sg E = aa | | LUST E ] za | POAT S 4 ALI A Lilli ‘SOUT S | Wa ; TTE TETTE $| | N E Y de y | & EIER 2 men i T V : TL X gi y aN = E N - ^ <= M ! $ 8 3 5 5 i" j EJ : ¢ " D Aort A S à ES ; : N = x ^ ï D» x N = \ 3 =a Ni 3 : TRIN. 2 FHF ee : WinCE : S Š x 222/01 FE E S bts J E | & x BER E T "d L| È SENIE s a as as we E5 I S : e. ELLE hi | S i «i Š l * 1 A EN - Ñ ; | S \ " | Ñ 1 PA E m ^ S NY N N | = Pl á $ ETTTTITIETTTA BlEingzEESEESEE | 4 1 ss " | | S \ 1 i a N | vd WT LLL ai he | : 1 | ^ | ASEEEEEEEEEEE a NV QU «V NN © © Wu se 9 T1 ^ a 1. 7 7 I | | ANIM OLDE, S pue VUIHMMOMELAALE Sq pedum, abor) urny Bum o uec x " ; cc iM, ? oe a “ie ae Monthly dip of Rain in 1843. X. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick during the year 1843. By Mr. Rozert ‘Thompson. This Journal has been kept on the same plan as the preceding. ( 212 ] JANUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1843. H Barom Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom Hygrometer. Weather, $.| 1| 30.257| 34| 34 | — |Clearandfine| 30.220| 40 | 40 | — Clear & fine ||30.131) 31| 3! = Saale M. | 2| —.027| 30 | 30 | — |Fros —.017| 36 | 36 | — Ditto 0086 | .314. 304 Overcast T.| 3| —.196| 24 | 24 | — |Ditto —.205| 35 | 35 | — Ditto —107 204] Hi Cía W.| 4| 29.884, 41 | 41 | — (Rain 29.894) 43 | 43 | — Rain 29.977, 34 | 34) 7 Ditto Th.| 5$ —.871| 35 | 35 | — Clear —.772| 40 | 40 | — Do. & Sleet 30.060 35 | 35 s rl F.| 6|30.070| 32 | 32 | — Frost 30.080| 40 | 36 | 4 Overcast 29.997 41 | 4! 5 Dio $.| 7| 29-917) 39 |. 39 | — |Overcast 29.825| 45 | 44 | 1 Cloudy —589 45] Pa, OVER D S.| 8| —377| 36 | 36 | — |Showery —.352| 41 | 39| 2 |Ditto& Fine | —.311 34 | 34 —. |ptotmy viti M.| 9|—.659| 32| 32 | — (Clear & frosty) —.651) 39 | 39 | — Overcast —.206 E: 2 E e T.|10| — 86: 40 | 40 | — Stormy & wet| —.189| 43 | 36 | 7 Boisterous —.o68 3 ER Ost W.|11|—.108| 31 | 31 | — |Clear & frosty| —.073| 40 | 34 | 6 |Very Fine 28.796, 33 2 Tela Th. |12| 28.706} 33 | 33 | — [Hazy 28.884; 36 | 36 | — |Hazy . 29.120, 28 o | (Boisterous F.|113|—406| 41 | 41 | — Stormy & wet || —.181| 45 | 45 | — Very boisterous 28.649, 40 | 4° | pec S.|14| 29.030 34 | 30 | 4 Clear & windy | —.965| 38 | 38 | — [Densely overcast || —.700, 35 2 — (Clear & frosty S.|15| 28.895) 32 | 32 | — Cloudy -826| 37 | 37 | — Clear & fine Mon pe ae g | — [Overcast |. O M.j|16/29.310| 37 | 35 | z Cold& dry ||29 548| 41 | 41 | — Fine -943 35° | 2 Ditto T.|17| 30.182] 34 | 34 | — (Overcast 30.195, 41 | 41 | — (Overcast 30393, 43 | 433 aes fog W.|18| —.326| 42 | 42 | — Hazy —1362| 50 | 5o | — Ditto —454.37| 971 —] oggy Th. |19| — 502| 34 | 34 | — |Dense fog —.482| 40 | 40 | — Dense fog eh 58 43] pis Ditto F.|20| —310| 39 | 39 | — |Hazy —.237| 40 | 40 | — Hazy 086. 37 | 37 | Overcast $.|21| —.008| 32 | 32 | — Fogg —.o16| 36 | 36 | — Ditto —.030, 39, 39 |- yo $.|22| —038| 39 | 39 | — Overcast —.*003| 44 | 44 | — [Ditt —ois, 42| 42 — (Stormy, rain € M. |23| —027| 42 | 42 | — |Very Fine 29.980| 46 | 46 | — Overcast 29.892, 44 4 ae e T.|24|29.858| 45 | 45 | — Thickly Overcast | —857| 48 | 48 | — Ditto —.869 46| 4 = [DG W.|25|—.999| 49 | 40 | — Fine O0.025| 49 | 45 | 4 |Very fine 30.059. 47 t — Densely overcast Th. {26| 30-025! 45 | 45 | — Overcast O10] 52 | 52 | — Cloudy .038| 48 | 4 — (Ditto F.|27| 29-959) 50 | 50 | — ‘Densely ditto || 29.9011 53 | 53 | — Ditto 29-911} 54 31 — (Clear & fine S.128 276 55 $55 | — | oudy —772| 53 $3 | — Slightly Overcast || —.go 48 4 — lOvercast S.|29)—-911| 50 | 50 | — Overcast —.902| 55 | 55 | — \Ditto 940 52] ek TE Clar T: @ M.|30|—735| 5o | 5o | — Ditto —724| 55 | 51 | 4 |Very fine —]905| 42 | 4° | 7 Stormy, rit] T. |31| —.931| 42 | 42 | — Uniformly do.| —875| so | 5o | — Slight drizzle||—.834 50| 5° — . | | | | 29.779 ses nm = 29.771 Mene MES 29950 40.98 ep EM | i | : : [ 318 ] JANUARY. j Temperature. | Wind. Rain. P | Remarks. — Dus Max | Min. Sun Rad. | Direction. Force. In. Pts. oa 5| 4 N Little The temperature of this month was about 3} degrees above 5 3) 238 NW | Ditto the average. 'The barometer was exceedingly low between th E1344 SW | Ditto 10th and 15th. On the 13th the pressure of the atmosphere ETT 4 Ww Ditto 12 — little more than 28 inches o The day was ET 4 —— — | Brisk ery | Vicki e and there was a violent hurricaneat night; but, o MES — | Little or | considering the circumstances, the quantity of rain was com- Pb? |. 46 — | Brisk 14 aratively little. The total amount of rain during the month Fg SW Ditto was also below the average, and did not correspond as usual i RANA = | Little :09 | with the lowness of the barometer. West and south west winds E ou WwW Strong .06 | were prevalent. oe » SW | Little 16 ) N itto 2 13) 46 SW Supe a is ania eg the 3 daily observations m Ley inches. SE auc Pen 6 perature o eee Ditto...... lj | 40 Ww Little ad Dei Polit. Oy PR ee PRAGA O ed ME NW | Brisk Degree of Dryness ..... Ditto..... 19:36 (a SW | Ditto .03 a e of Mode PII uL. 973. «| 49 —— | Lattie Fo O Nn DIOS .253 inch. 2H S | Ditto or | Least observed cna of Moisture ........ .800 1 | 33 E Ditto o4 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade..... 56°. n S S Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto .......... 19°. 2 44 SW Ditto .oz | Maximum Temperature in the à vU CAN S 59^. ae S Ditto | os | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation 0.4... 139. x 48 SW Ditto o2 | Mean Temperature of External Air, as” 3907. aan —— | Ditto CIS 53 — | Ditto 28 56 [e wee Norm... 62 days | N East. OY MR s E 19) 5; X Ditto o2 South...... SED... | 55 ' | Ditto Wilt ec 1 INA Wet 2 Hj gy s | Ditto Welt cks y Se Wat... 14 LL SW | Ditto 07 | 31 days. LP ; i 1.33 Amount of Rain ........ 4.6 1.33 inch. BE A om | [ 214 ] FEBRUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. | | 1845. h Barom. | Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. | Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, | ] . f | | | w. 129.902. 44 44 | — |Very Fine 29.894 52 50 2 |Cloudy 29.833 48] «48 | = Clear Th.| z2\—.612) 44 | 44 | — |Heavy rain |—.627 45 | 45 | — Drizzl —.742| 42 | 42 | — [Overcast F.| 3,—.517| 39 | 39 | — |Showery .192| 36 | 36 | — |Stormy showers | —.130|. 33 | 33 | — |Boisterous S.| 4—.348| 34 | 34 — Stormy —.351| 39 | 39 | — |Do. boisterous|—.757, 34| 34| — |Stormy $.| 5$,—.840| 31 | 27 | 4 Clear, frosty ||\—-798| 38 | 29 | 9 |Clear, frosty .854| 31| 31 | |Clear M. 6|—.868| 32 | 30 | 2 Overcast 736, 39 | 39 | — (Cloudy .818| 34 | 34 | — |Overcast P» T. 7\—-960| 33 | 33 | — Hazy 9931 39 | 39 | — |Hazy .890| 34| 34 | — [Sleet T 8130.024! 35 | 35| — Dense fog 30.038, 38 | 38 | — [Ditto & cold |30.025| 38 | 38 | — |Ditto — Th. 929.966) 37 | 37 | — Hazy 29.956| 40 | 40 | — |Easterly haze |29.892| 37 | 37 | — |e oe | 35 | 35 | — (Cloudy .838| 40 | 33| 7 [Dense clouds |—.531| 35 | 35 | — |Cloudy S.|11|—.859| 37 | 36 | 1 [Uniformlyovercast | —.883| 41 | 40 | 1 —.976| 39 | 39 | — |Very fine 8.12/30.040| 35 | 35 | — Slight drizzle || 30.030) 41 | 40 | 1 |Ditto 30.040| 38 | 38 | — |Ditto M.\13\—.0o10! 30 | 30 | — Frosty 9-952} 39 | 34| 5 |Ditto 29.873| 26 | 26 | — |Frosty O T.|1429.721 27 | 27 | — Sharp frost |—.646| 39| 39 | — |Cloud .613| 29 | 29 | — |Overcast W. 15 Wa 79 24 20 4 EN: and overcast —.395 29 29 | — Snow flakes 294 26 26 | — Sharp frost Th.|16\—.205; 24| 15 | 9 |Dryandfrosty| —.193. 32 | 19 | 13 (Slightly overcast | —.234| 29 | 29 | — Overcast F.\17/—.470, 25 | 29 | 5 (ClearandDo.|—.502, 37 | 25 | 12 |Very fine —.420| 33 | 33 | — Stormy S.|18|\—.400 32 32 | — [Storm 410 34 | 34| — |Drifting snow|—.425| 34 | 34| — Ditto S.19—.417| 33 | 33 | — |Overcast —.355| 36 | 36 | — Stormy, rain .311| 37 | 37 | — Heavy ram M.20—.267| 37 | 37| — Rain 261) 40 | 40 | — |Hazy —.324| -38 | 38 | -SLOE [4 T. 211.371) 38| 38 | — |Foggy 3621 49 | 49 | — |Fine —.326| 41| 41|— Ditto W.22—.246| 44| 44| — (Slight rain |—.298/ 51 | 51 | — [Cloudy .351| 45 | 45 | — |Cloudy Th. |23—.449. 4| 44| — (Cloudy —-455) 51 | 50o| 1 |Very fine —.519) 41 | 41 | — Overcast F.(241—.612| 38 | 38 | — |Foggy —.624| 41| 41 | — |Easterly haze ||—.640| 38 | 38 | — |HaZy $.25—.619. 35 | 35 | — |Overcast —.596| 38 | 38 | — Slight drizzle||—.609| 34 | 34| — |Very POEM i 26—.601| 35 | 35 | — jSleet —.533| 39 | 39 | — |Overcast 2,336|.:3$| /$5 | AR E ae T (38 28.933) 36 | 36 | — Rain 8.848| 41 | 41 | — Stormy & wet|28.869| 39 | 39 | — ^^ í deem a D: Cloudy 29.103| 42 | 42 | — Cloudy 29.434| 38 | 38|— \Overeas | [5] | —— Du | 3:554 * 34.00 0.8) sse 40.21) 38.39 1.82 29.584 3378 3378 re | i | [ 215 ] Re ON Ea tou d a eae ene RESTORE M dH * x = POR rs ies ad o oe LM d us FEBRUARY. Temperature. Wind. Rain. | 3i | Remarks. Max, | Min. | Sun Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts, | i i : | e weather was generally stormy and wet ; and although n" 37 44 w Brisk 16 | there were no very severe frosts, yet a low temperature pre- 2.45 33 Little vailed, so that the average was nearly 4° below that of the F 47 $- SW ..| Strong ped he barometer did not fall so extremely low as it x T = a Ditto +16 | did in several instances in the preceding month; but the 2I 23 Brisk 08 | average height was considerably below that of any month since : ge heig I i 39 25 —— | Little 09 | April 1829. In that month the amount of rain was 2 inches d 32 = NE | Ditto 26 | 8.1oths above the usual quantity; but in the present it was "A 38 33 eee -92 | only 3 of an inch above the average. The 4th was stormy and ELS z u-— | nnm 11 | boisterous; as was also the 18th, with drifting snow and keen 7 = x —— | ee east wind. 36 I —— | Ditt : ; % 47 A — iD Ho .o1 | Mean Pressure from the 3 ven! ee ps 578 inches. : 8 12 E Ditt em Ure vectus i T ‘ 16 48 IO W D tin —— Dew Point .........* imie $e e sid xs z 16 N Ditt —— Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ...... ©- =~ 33 II NE Brisk —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... 968 — : 3o 47 28 —— | Little .16 Force of Vapour .... Ditto ...... .211 inc 3.34 | 28 E Strong .o4. | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... E 34 37 32 —— | Brisk /28 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 56°. 35 39 31 —— | Little 16 | Minimum Temperature in ditto .....--- 19° 37 61 35 SE | Ditto "12 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ....-. 59°. pn 53 36 S Ditto ‘oz | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 13°. 37 53 33 E Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ....-- 36°.28 34 | 43 | 32 | —— | Ditto 32 | 40 | 31 | NE Ditto .26 WiNDS. I5 32 E Ditto +03 North ...... 4days | N. East...-- 11 days oe [oU |.55 | NR Bos 49 Southend dos DU BMC one oe $ 3 X =F — Ditto gee die dius p ME ET j í aoe — 3 West.. o... E | ——— 28 days 41-14) 31.43 43-52| 27.71 2.35 | Amount of Rain,....--+++++ .. +2.35 inches ee [ 216 ] MARCH. Morning. Noon. Night. 1845. $ Barom Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. @ W.|129.676| 32 | 32 | — (Clear 9-779| 38 | 38 | —- |Snow flakes |29.851| 33| 33 | — [Cloudy Th. 2\—.961 32 32 | — |Do. and frosty ||—.96 40 38 2 i 30.029} 33 33 | — |Clear F.| 3130.072) 31| 30 | 1 |Overcast 30.070| 40| 28| 12 (Clear & ditto |—.159| 27 | 27 | — S. | 4—.298| 33 | 33 | — |Ditto —.347| 41| 33|- 8 (Cloudy, fine |—.578| 27| 27 | — S.| 5|—.360| 28 | 28 | — |Sharpfrost |—.370| 43| 30 13 |Ditto —.331| 34| 33 | ! M. | 6—.269| 36 | 34 | 2 |Overcast —.245| 43| 40| 3 . -——,231]|.733| 33 | = T.| 7.—295| 27 | 27 | — |Frosy & foggy |—.182| 42 | 42 | — Easterly haze | —.1 97|732]532 | W. 8—.264| 35 | 35 | — |Lightclouds ||—.289| 43 | 33 | 10 |Fine —.328| 31| 31 | — D Th.| g—.380} 35 | 32| 3 haze —.348| 39| 35 | 4 Hazy 318| -30 | 30 [= F. 36 | 36 | — Hazy —.09g6| 43] 42 F- 1 (Overcast —.050| 38| 38 |— S. 40| 30 | 10 Slight haze |—.1553| 47| 34| 13 (Ditto —.o086| 41; 41| — S 42 | 42 | — |Uniformly overeestig0.874 | çı | 45 | 6 (Ditto 29.700 .47| 47 | — M. 39 | 39 | — Clear -698| so| 42]| 8 (Cloudy &fine| —585| 45 | 44 | 1 T. 49 | 49 | — mne 513) 54| 54| — Cloud —.605| 48; 48 | — W. 50| $0| — |Hazy 852) 53 | 47| 6 |Ditto& fine |—.924| 49 | 49 | — © Th. 1| 51 | — |Do. and mild | —.969| 58| so | 8 |Very Fine 940| 41| 41, — F. 38 | 38 | — |Foggy —.858| 60| 53| 7 (Clear and do,|—.836| 4o | 40 | = S. 38 | 38 — {Ditto —.848| 60] 49 | 11 |Very Fine ||\—.861| 46| 46 | —| S. 45 | 45 | — Ditto —.867| so| 50 |— |Foggy 816| 44| 44| — M. 43 | 43 | — Ditto —.563| 60| 58 | 2 Very Fine =p 92] $2] Xs 49 | 49 | — |Fine —.421| 56 | 56 | — Ditto 49:91 SUS € W. 51 | şı | — |Hazy -4409| 62, 62 | — Ditto E-—341|-52| $2] —— Th. $2 | 52 | — (Cloudy 517, 56| 50} 6 (Cloudy & mild —.565| 47| 47| ~= F. 1| 51 | — Hazy clouds |—.563| 61| 5o 11 Fine —.699; 49| 49 | — S. 46 43 3 Light clouds ||— 697 51 41 IO Dry & windy —.7 13 44 36 8 S. 42 | 32| 30 Cold & dry ||—.710 48 | 34 | 14 (Clear and do. |—723| 40| 34| 6 M. 38| 33| s Drycoldhaze|—.715| 43| 35| 8 Cloudy & cold —.7 38| 36 | 2 T. 42 | 40, 2 Hazy clouds |—.745| 49 | 35 | 14 |Cold & cloudy|—.822| 33| 33 | — W. 39 | 38 : Clear —.959| 54| 39 | 15 {Dry cold haze|—.950| 39| 39 | — @ Th.|30—.848 | R 43 2 Ha sy -768| 57| 53]| 4 |Overcast and fine|.602| 51| 51|— F.|51 E 53 wr ats Fine ||—.384| 58 | 58 | — Cloudy —455| 49| 49| — 29. 865 40.90 akan 64 1. 26) 29.862 50.00) 43.68) 6.32 otiam [ 217 3 v Temperature. Wind. Rain. xh = Remarks. = Days, Max | Min. Sun, Rad Direction. Force In. Pis. E Eu | 50 | 7 | NE | Little iuo, 5o 17 —— | Ditto ELM 3 |: 26 N Ditto The weather was very seasonable throughout this month, EE a 12 w— | AU and highly favourable for the operations of ue garden. The D i 46 3! 52 28 SW Ditto average temperature was maintained. mount of rain ee 7° | 5o 14 S Ditto was scarcely half an inch. Fogs were more prévatént than is EESTI 4. | 2 52 18 E Ditto usually the case at this period of t the season. Sharp inet were F SPA | 28 1! 24 NE | Ditto of frequent occurrence in the first part of the month; t DIE | 34 39 18 SE Ditto the night of the 4th and 6th were fully as severe as tj i in irte IUS | 45 23 S Ditto | two preceding months. | 38 | SW |Ditto | 28 TE | Ditto | Mean cerent from the €3 daily —— 29. 862 inches. 41 —— | Brisk .o6 | perature .«... see Ditto sise. 43.98 44 W Dro | w oint eroak Ditto cares 917 43 NW | Little 5 | Degree of Dryness ... Ditto .... 2?.74 44 S5 | Bit | —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... -903 z5 SW | Ditto Force of Vapour ..... BO ies 261 inch 31 — | Ditto | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... :577 38 E | Ditto | | Maximum Temperature in the Shade e e 67°. 40 —— | Ditto 04 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ias 18". 45 S | Ditto .21 | Maximum Temperature in the Sen dias ie 44 —— | Ditto .o02 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 12 38 —— | Ditto | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 43*.20 36 —— | Ditto | 27 E | Brisk Wix s = | MS North a cass "N. s ME yup 34 —- | Ditto South ..... 0] S, East. .... ak a = Paf oeeo v N. West isan 2 — | hittle West ....o Lo TBs West. os 02; 6 39 S Ditto € j 44 ze | Drite .o8 31 pum Amount of Rain. ........ ee eee es, 0.47 inch. 54-54 30.70 0.47 | [ 218 ] APRIL. Morning. Noon. Night. 1843. £ Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, s $.| 1129.484| 51 | $51 | — [Rain 29.490, 58 | 58 | — |Cloudy 29 500] 52 | 52 | — Overcast | $.| 2| —452| 54 | 54 | — |Cloudy : —.5$0oo| 58 | 58 | — |Ditto —049. 50 | $01 Clear and fine _M.| 3|—.768) 54 | 54| — Slight rain —.98| 61 | 55 6 |Ditto & fine |—.572| 49 | 49 | — Ditto w 4 —379, 52 5; = ium —.305| 58 | 58 | -— |Rein —553L..48 | 9932 Ee } «| 5 —-702| 49 | 4 1 —.772| 52 2| — |Cloud —:917| 44 | 44 | — eat Th.| 6 —£43| 49 | 49| — Overcast BA s 26 $6 — end x 51 | $1 | — |Slight rain D. F.|7|—.563| 53 |.. 53 | — |Rain —.520| 6I | 59 2 |Ditto —.436| 50 | 50 | — |Cleara $.| 8 —544| 48 | 48, — IC eal CE | 46 IO |Fine 7573), 45 | 13159 Ditto 8.| 9,—.598| 46 | 41 | 5 |Easterly haze | —.598| 45 | 42 3 Overcast —.703| 38| 38 | — |Cloudy M. —-892) 39 33 6 |Clear —.898| 42 42 — |Fine —921| 34| 34, — Clear d Hc 978, 36 | 30 | 6 |Frosty,clear | —.971| 46 | 24 | 22 |Clear& dry | —983| 31 | 31 | — Frosty ..,W.|12/| —949|. 37 | 33 | 4 |Clear Ade 45} 35 20 |Cloud —.5829] 33 | .33 1 — Ditte Th. 13 —797, 36 | 36 | — |Snow clouds ||—.845| 45 | 33 12 |Ditto & fine | —.983| 31 | 31 | — |Ditto O F.14—914 43 | 38 | 5 [Uniormioverast| —950| 58 | 58 | — |Ditto 30.006] 48 | 48 | — [Overall A [5| 9091 51 | Steyr 30.091| 60 | 45 | 15 [Overcast —.108| 52 | 51 | LIBETE a: |76 49:993 54| 50| 4|Lighthaze /|[29.854| 59| 5o | 9 |Hazy,fine ||29.818| 51 | 51 | — [Overcast -ie T 37,—854 51 | 48| 3 |Ditto —.889 63 | 50o | 13 |Very fine 30.048| 49 | 49 | —— T dE 18 30.140) 52 | 47 | 5 |Ditto 30-0791 63 | 37 | 26 |Very dry 29.980| 50 | 48 | 2 Ditto (Mr |19,29959. 46 | 46 | — [Ditto 29.884, c8 | 41 | 17 [Dry haze |—.766, 48| 48 | — |Ditto bs 20 —.690| 59 | 55 | 4 |Very Fine —711| 67| 59 8 |Very fine —778|. §t 545] — see t q s 21,—.846| 51 50 I Ditto —.849| 64 | 48 16 |Ditto —B13 50 | 41 eee zm —815| 54| 54| — |Rain —.894| 50 | $0 | — |Showery 989 $1] 25] = ae xe 23 TOR 49 | 45 | 4 |Light Clouds || 30.040) 54 | 42 12 |Cloudy, fine || 30.025} 43 | 43| 77 e Bup.cu 35! 4| 5 Ditto & fine || 29.990) 59 | 43 | 16 |Hazy clouds || 29.994) 33 | 33 | — Dit - 231297759 46 46 | — |Thickly overcast | 30.070) 48 48 — |Rain —.648| 40 40 | — [PE TE 26, —. F 39 | 39 | — {Cold rain 9-677, 51 | 36 | 15 |Very fine —.644 40| 49| - Clear F. 27 "toe 48-45 | — [Cloud —-674| 54| 40 | 14 |Cloudy, fine | —892, 43 | 43| Overcast a s E - 48 | 1 Poder ud 52| 52 | — [Slight rain ||—.669 48 51 Do & fine x mr, eme Pi 49 | — Ditto =) 6 11 Cloudy, fine || —72 49 | — D | S. |30| —784|. 57 | 59 | 7 |Fine idis à; B i cou d 5 49 | i clar | PORE | 29.791 48.50 is 2.04. 29.792|55.10/46.47 | 8.63 29.820 44.88| 44.60 0.26 ko c ccc dps id TE EM, z Helis ene APRIL. 4 Temperature. | Wind. Rain. a Remarks. [Dws; Max. | Min. Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Ps, i | Y | Tso 62 47 SW | Brisk .18 'The mean temperature was a little above the average ; but BE m 45,568 4 dm | DAD .og | frosts at night were of frequent occurrence. On the night of [3 ft | 46 f 42 | —— | Ditto .22 | the 11th the thermometer indicated 10° below freezing. Plums EHE M oa 67 34 | —G- | dae .23 | and cherries were then in full flower, as were likewise some of 3 i 56 38 72 34 | Ww | Brisk .oz | the early-flowering varieties of Pears. The leaves however were 5o da LAS EP 58 49 | SW | Ditto or | so far advanced as to afford the blossoms a little protection, and * i 62 | 44 d 42 | —— | Brisk .35 | enough was saved fora crop. The dav was clear, and the air eh Be 39 75 33 W | Ditto .o1 | very dry, as is usually the case before late frosts. Between the 32 52 27 E | Little 22nd and z4th the nights were also frosty, but not so severe as 26 60 20 N | Brisk -o1 | to do any material injury to vegetation There was a heavy 35 60 16 —— | Ditto shower of hail on the afternoon of the 5th. 28 E |. 23 NE | Little -04. u 55 18 N | Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.801 inches. E 1-59 | 39 NE Dito |... =| —— "Temperature .. 22». Dino s.: . 499.42 47 61 46 SW | Ditto idee. Del Point sai- ever DIO ieri af bor des 38 E | Ditto Degree of Dryness ... Dini ilo 39.64 33 78 28 NE Ditto Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... .878 35 74 29 E | Ditto Force of Vapour. .... Ditto ..... A .310 inch t iE 37 — | Duo Least observed degree of Moisture .. seee. 394 3 8o 32 SW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade iv’... 90^. 45 8o 4! — p .05 | Minimum Temperature in ditto '...... 22°. r 7° ee — | Brisk .03 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 80°. gs E" = S | Little Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 16°. i 69 20 E -| Ditto Mean Temperature of External Ale 45i. 479.88 34 65 32 S _ Ditto .30 WINDS. 25 1: Ww... Tue 08 North....- 3days | N. East....-- 4 days s de p — | DEM South. «eo. to s Bub... ó d S P L6 S | Brisk 04 Bae. oe. BC IN Wå... 059 2 39 NE | Ditto Nub... 4 S, West... e g :« E xis E | Brisk < Br | j i o days. : 3747 67.10 33.10. | 1.62 Amount of Rain. ... «ce eser tnm 1.62 inch, | | 1 $ i i MAY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1843. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom, | Hygrometer, Weather, M. 52 | 50| z|F 40.072. 66 | 13 |Cloudless 30.1 d o 4 |Cold & dry E 5 | 59, 5 |Slight haze i: 3 67 | ag 3 "ine yes A T 4 |Ditto Th. 47 | 45, — (Overcast 129.820| 62 | 55 7 |Very Fine ||29.778 50] 48 2 |Cloudy F. 57 55 2 Cloudy, Fine —228 63 | 52 11 (Ditto —, 680. 50 50 == [RAM 3 $$4 59 |— Hain o —.664| 62 | 57 5 |Cloudy & do.|—.662| 51 | $1, — Cloudy b s 48 | 48 — |Heavy rain ji—.491; 40 | 40| — {Heavy rain ||—.623| 41| 41) — Clear & cold z se 2 5 |Clear & Fine |—.638| 54 | 48 6 |Cloudy —.601; 44| 44| — |Showery T. 4 464. — iHazy —.558| 47 | 47 | — |Heavyrain || —.521| 44 = ooa wW. A741 Tray —.671| 56 | $6 | — |Cloud —.861} 46 | 46 | — |Cloudy &fine nd 52 52 | — |Slight haze 30.027) 56 50 6 30.136 44| 44| "n Clear & ditto E | ae Hag —.178 56 | 49| 7 |Lighthaze ||—.165| 48| 48| — [Ditto ^ 4 5 48 | 8 Ditto, Fine —.o98| 66 | so| 16 Very Fine 29.879 53| 53| — (Overcast g 23 3831 t Overcast E 29.904 63 53 10 Light clouds —.858 48 48 a Very Fine = 9| 54| 6 Ditto and Fine —.717| 70| 50] zo |Cloudy&fine| —552| 52| 52| — Heavy rain in 58 | 58 | — Cloudy —.509} 63 | 63 | — |Showery |—497| 52, 52| — Rein Ww ht —.386 60! 54] 6 |Ditto —497| 52| 52| — Ditto Th. 5 5 m" —.522| 61 61 | — |Heavyshowers || —.671| 48| 48| — Showery x 49 49 | — Densely overcast | —, 848 49 49 | — |Cold rain —.9o01 46 46 — jitto S 49 | 49| — [Cold rain ||-—.886| 59 51 8 |Cloudy —.893| 49| 49 | — |Fine i : 5 5 2 2 | 3 Cloudy&Fine|—.803| 60 55 5 |Ditto 641) 50| 501 == Showery M. T TI 1 —.637 59 59 — |Hea n .647 48 48 nm ear d es T. 57 | $71 “ito —.653| 60 | 60 | — |Heavyshowers| —.687| 51| 51| — Cloudy sil wW 33] 32] — ane —784| 64| 55| 9 |Clo 616 54 | 54| — EMEN Th. 4| Bic ewes ecd ORI OG | ox 553, 49| 49| — E * SI —.625| 65| 55 | — |Do.&Fine ||—677| 51, 53 | — [Ditto s. eos! = icai —452| 65| 65 | — |Showery — |—433| 50] so] — pe =, I -— —.802 — e M. 1 | 51 | — Slightdrizzie|—951| si| ei] — Has, 2053 || NN wW. A E — Light haze ||—.953| 60 | 28 | 12 |Very Fine ||—9óo| 51| 51| — > Oan —-849| 68 | 60{ 8 Cloudy &mila ||29-813| 58| 58; — $4.00 cz 78 1.22 MR 29-747 Gee os 5-48 29.754 | 49.0048. 680.32 [201 ] MAY. Temperature. Wind. Rain. Remarks. Dys Max | Min Sun. | Rad Direction, Force, | In. Pts. T | 1] 79 | 42 80 36 Brisk Ta : P E 9 P z 2 NE s T This month was excessively wet, almost sunless, with a tem- [4] 6 | 4s š > perature more than 3 degrees below the average. There were | : 7 41 SW | Ditto .16 : Ae : : [5165 | 42 70 6 : onl ays on which rain did not fall. The quantity which 15) 5 | 32 | 5s : - Brisk 1.26 | fell on the sth, fully 14 inch, was greater than had fallen at the d] 59 | 29 | 65 xd Little -38 | garden in any one day since the register was kept; and the HI | a p 8 r Ditto -©5 | total amount exceeded that in any month since July 18 EMI | 39 | 66 3 NE Ditto *57 | The barometer averaged very 1 Lightning, and very heavy 10) 57 | 33 | 6 ae Ditto -02 | showers of rain, occurred on the evening of the 23rd "Uu i g N Ditto night of the 25th was very clear, and a greater number of 67 | 46 ; : iw Ditto shooting stars were observed than is usual at this period of the 66 | 42 a 3 - | Ee *92 | season. x Ep n 48 S Ditto .18 | Mean Pressure fromthe 3 daily observations 29.750 inches e 47 s 45 SW | Brisk .14. Temperature ..seeseceesess Ditto... 549.24 52 E | JI 47 NE | Little o7 | —— Dew Point ......... eee Ditto... 519.90 $ 43 50 40 — | Ditto .20 | — Degree of Dryness........-- Ditto. ee H x $ 42 = | DO .04 | —— Degree of Moisture ......-- Ditto... j 20| 62 y 06 m e— | Brisk .02 Force of Vapour .......:* Ditto .386 inch qM 6 4 65 47 E Ditto .44 | Least observed degree of Moisture ....---- -497 T8] vg 39 68 34 S Little .05 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade ...... o^. - 435 3 Bi 34 SW | Ditto .og | Minimum Temperature in ditto .......- 29°. {4 68 5? 79 5o SE Ditto .53 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... : a" 9 > 74 42 S Ditto .o6 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation e 26" — (1%) 66 jh 75 37 SW | Ditto .03 | Mean Temperature of External Air ....... — 52.23 E 4 63 id 2 i "iem le .20 WINDS ; um. m itt Ge th...... o days | N: East. 7 days 5 54 E t 39 W | Little -16 oe al d WM wi sss 1 : : " 5. 48 B 28 E Dis en Ent... D co : - Es : YT d] v a a ee eve ee L] est Ld fi E 179 | 53 | W | Ditto 06 Vh : eee | ¥ | 61.64 31 days. E | i | 42.83 68.19 39.00 5-26 Amount of Rain ..... 25s 6,20 inches. [ 222 ] JUNE. Morning. Noon. Night. 1845. | E Barom Hygrometer. Weather. Barom Hygrometer, Weather. Barom Hygrometer. Weather, Th.| 1] 29.669} 63 | 63 — Jo i 8 | — |Cloudy & fine} 9.669| 63 3 vercast 29.624] 66 | 66 (Cloudy 29.504| 58 | 5 ouo Begs os F.| 2| —.293| 59 | 59 | — Rain —.305| 63 | 58]| 5 (Dense clouds | —.224| 55 | 55 — |Boisterous rin | — $.| 3|—.522, 60 | 6o | Cloudy —467| 66| 58| 8 ‘Cloudy,fine ||—575| 50 | 59|— Clear & Fine S. | 4| —.625| 6o | 6o | — [Very Fine | —639| 64| 61| 3 Showery 223) 511-31 | — HE P M. 5| —780) 58| 50! 8 |Fine —.785| 59| 59|— Ditto —.784| 49| 49 | — |Ditto T.| 6 —.789) 57| 57] — Cloudy & Do. || —.793| 57 | 57 | — Ditto — 861 50 |. 50 | S Showery a 7 —.896) 54 50 4 |Fine —.85 3 56 56 — | ain —.671 53 $3 | — Ditto | -| 8 —.407| 57] 52 | — | —.376| 63 | 63 | — Showery —256| -51| $1] p "E F. 9, —.346| 58 | 58 | — Ditto & windy ||—.449, 60 | $8 | 2 Do. & Boisterous 5421-51 | - 311 ae Overcast S. m we749 SOS Sa i 7 Fme .8109| 67- 62| — R in 0371.53 1-911 2 Showery - 2,830049. 57 |. 37 1. CUR 30.045, 59| 50| 9 (Cloudy, fine |30.045| 52| 52| — Clear & fine O T. 12 —014 54| 54| — |Hazyclouds| 29.989 59| 59|— SlightRain ||29.969| 53 | 53 | — |Overcast 713.2943 49 | 49 | — [Heavy rain |—792| 56| 56 |— Heavy Rain 810|. 54 | 54 | — |Drizzly Th 14 —907| 60o | 6o | — |Foggy —94o0 | 62 | 6z | — Cloudy —974|.$9].59]| FTE F 15,—962| 64| 64 | — azy —9 69 | 56 |13 Fine —959| 53, 53]| — Clear a 16 —.931| 62) 541 8 Very Fine —926| 71 52| 19 Ditto —.960| 541.44 | 7$ La c de 62 | 58| 4 [Overcast —.973| 73 | 59 | 14 |Very Fine —972| $4|.54| — |Clouey M. sn 929} 60 | 57 | 3 |Hazy, fine ||—.890) 64| 64| — (Overcast, fine 823| 64 | 64|— |Do.& € 29 19| —.824 56 53 3 [Uniformly overcast —.850 63 57 6 Overc —95 52 $2 | == Overcast xx 20 —.95 3| 5°} 3 {Densely clouded]! 30.113} 57 | 48| g (Cloudy go.160| 50 | 50 | — [ES & fine Th. 21| 50.128 59 51 8 Very Fine —.o6 69 49 | 20 Very Fine 29.984. 59 $9 | — uec E 22 29.984| 65 | 58 | 7 |Overcast 29.985| 790 | 56 | 14 itto 0.045; 52 | 3*1 Clear S 23) 30.051) 61 | 61 | — Clear, Fine ||30.050| 70 | 58 | 12 (Cloudless —.27| 54| $4| — |Ditto x 24 ach 2 5 6 [Slight haze ||—.oo1 56 55 | 11. |Fine 987. 53| 53|— D - ends 2 | — [Densely overcast ||29 925| - 10 Cloudy & Do. || —9o $1.83] 125 o Mp6 888] 38 | 5o |. 8 [Fine =.868| 71 | seu? Very Fine || —845 $8| 58 | — [Cloudy tfe What. 3 54 | 12 (Hot &dry —.718| 76| 42 |34 |Dry & sultry ||—.676| 58| 58|— Dd a —.629| 5 16 |Cloudy —640| 63 | 58 | $ Cloudy, fine ||—693| 53! 53| — Clo dy, fine E. 29754 “$5.1. 48 ] 7 (Overcast —.64| 61 | so|11 (Overcast 2-797| 59| SO) SET | *[39|—873| 61 | 48 | 13 Fine —891| 62| 53| 9 [Ditto gioj 55| 55|- tto 3 | | 29.817) 58.53) 54.63) 3.90 29.815 | 64.03 ess 7.70 29.805 Mica o " [ 223 ] : JUNE. Temperature. Wind. Rain, Remarks. Max | Min. | Son Rad. | Direction.| Force. In. Pts. E : H E | 30 | so SW | Little .03 | 52 o — | St .o8 ay, 08 | 45 do es — ub 4 During the first half of the month the weather still continued 44] 68 | 38 | 78 31 S Ditto .og | wet, and was frequently boisterous. Scarcely any rain fell after i i 68 | 39 | 67 35 Ditto .og the 14th, north and easterly winds becoming prevalent. The 6| 66 43 60 39 Ww Little .17 | mean temperature was 4? below the average. ELM 5» | 72 50 SW | Ditto .23 The znd, 8th, and 9th were boisterous. On the roth a BN |7 48 -—— | Strong "io | thunder storm occurred, with heavy rain. The air was most 9| 63 | 49 | 70 45 = ieee "oi | remarkably dry on the 27th. BLÉCI 47 | | 4 | NW | Brisk m Bos | 66 | 42 W | Ditto i ’ i mt 48 | 6i 47 NE Ditto 20 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.81 2 inches. K H 49 56 49 eg Little ppl qoc ets, E an iE Ditto PLE 8 .8 d 57 75 57 SE Ditto .18 Dew Point s.s.s... Ditto ..... 54.97 i Ls 48 80 42 NE Brisk —— Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ..... 3°.90 ZI 7: 46 78 40 Ca. [OIM Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ..... 870. il 75 50 80 50 Ditto —— Force of Vapour ....* Ditto EY Vs 430 inch i Es ng 50 E Little .or | Least observed degree of Moisture ..... ! 4 3 | 59 | 68 56 NE | Brisk ‘or | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. . . .. 76°. a 63 39 65 33 cun. [TM Minimum Temperature in dita «42» 38°. i ts 73 51 78 46 SW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun ... 100°. - 7 | 40 | 77 35 NR | Pie Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 31°. s Hs 49 | 82 44 E Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 56°.85 ela ft | 23 | 643 | NE | Ditto eee | 9o | 38 | N | | Ditto {y 3 43 go 38 E Ditto WINDS. 36 Ew 43 NE | Ditto North.......2days | N. East.....10 days P 8 p E 33 N Ditto „OI South ......* 2&5 [Os Bet....-. i »|6 4 80 42 NW Ditto Bast cesses $ « N. t. 2 E 49 83 46 Ww Di tto MWSt Cenk ue 3 S. West. "n 7 .* 66, | 30 days. 57 | 47.13 78.40 43.46 | 1.62 Amount of Rain, s«*««. 2e! .62 inch. [ 224 ] JULY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1843. 8 Barom. | Hygrometer. | Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. || Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. S. | 1|29.982| 64 | 57| 7 [Overcast 29.990| 69 | 57 12 30.002| 56 | $56 | — |Clear S.| 2|—.964| 62 | 62 | — (Ditto —.966; 72 | 66 6 Overcast 29.995| 60 | 60 | — |Overcast M | 3\—.969| 67 o| 7|Fine —. —.967| 75 | 66 9 |Fine —.992| 62, 60 2 Ditto D) T.| 4|—.975 62 | — (Slight drizzle —.919| 77 | 68 9 |Very Fine |—.836| 6o | 6o — (Cle W.|5|—.717| 78| 78 | — |Sultr —643| 85 73 12 |Very sultry ||—.681| 64| 64 — Cloudy & Fine Th.| 6—.751| 61 | 61 | — Overcast —.773| 70| 59| 11 |Cloeudy&fine|.—915| 58 | 58 | — jOvercast F.| 7|—913| 62| 55| 7 |Very Fine —.919| 69 | 60 9 |Ditto —946| $9 | $9 — Cloudy, very fine S.| 8.— 885 | 62| 62 | — |Cloudy —.941| 62| 62| — j|Rain : —876| 59| 59| — Clear & Do ao | 2 9571 38 | $8 | — Fory —954| 69| 56| 3 |Very Fine |—977| 59| 59 | — |Cloudy& de E099 Ss 64 ee —-935| 69 | 53| 16 |Cleudy&do.|—954| 59 | 59 | ee O T.\11) 30.009 58 58 | — Overcast 30.064 64 64 — |Thickly overcast|30.160| 56 56 | amie Overcast * W.|12,.—.147| 63 | 63 | — Ditto —.143| 74, 68 6 V e —.085) 6r | 61 | — (Cloudy €* Th.|13|—.040| 68| 6; 3 Light haze —.040| 66 66 | — [Slight rain |—.022| 59 | $9 | one Overcast F. jı 048 54 $4 | — Densely o overcast | —.059| 73 60 13 Very fine 058| 58 $8 | — loud S.|15|—.048} 63| 60| 3 |Very Fin —.053| 78 | 60 18 |Ditto 117| 63 | 63 | — [pits S.16—.191| 68| 61r | 7 Ditto —.227| 78| 61 17 |Ditto —234| 62| 62 | — [Ditto M.|i7|—242| 70| 68| 2 ‘Ditto —191| 79 | 63 16 Ditto —.143| 69 | 69 | — |Ditto T.|1829.975| 65 | 61 | 4 Ditto 29-887; 75 | 65 | 10 |Fine 2984| 55 | 35 | — q W.\19\—.753| 60) 60| — Cloudless —.719| 64| 64| — Dark clouds |— 709| 52 | 52 | — |Clear Th.20.—.756| 58| 54| 4 eT Fine |—.741| 65 | 65| — [Rain —6go| 56 | 56 | — jOvercast F.|21|——.682| 62| 58| 4 c udy —.818| 67 | 58 9 (Cloudy, fine |—775| 59 | 59, — itto $.[22|—.808| 63 | 53 | ro Overcast&fine ||—.742} 62 | 62| — {Rain —.613| 59| $9| — Slight rain 8.|23|—.463| 58 50 8 Noam squally ||—.457| 50 50 — |Cold rain wee, [gees | T4 | — |Overcast M.|24/30.010| 67 | 55 | 2 Clear 30-050) 65 50 15 |Cloudy &fine|30.128| 48 | 48 | — lear T.|25/—.176| 60| 55| 5 [Overcast —.192| 7I 60 | 11 (Overcast & do. ||—.221| 54 | 54| — Ditto W.|16—.249| 66 | 62 | 4 Dit —225| 71| 71 | — |Slightrain |—171| bo 60 | — verd» ei © Tb Bishi 6i 61.1 Rain 29995| 68| 68| — Showery — |29.997| 59| 59 | — Conni F.|28|—.o02| 6o | 3 Fine —.995| 69 | 52| 17 |Cleudy&fine|—955| 57 | 57|— Slight & Fine S.|29|29.759| 6 62| 2 Ditto —.681| 67 | 67| — |Very fine 2634| 58 | $9 |-* Clou y 8.,30|—.636| 63 | 59 | 4 Cloudy&Do. —.643| 67 | 60 7 |Do., cloudy ||—.676| 55 | 55 | — (Clear M.31.— 792| 60| 5 1 Hazy —.866| 69 | 60 9 Ditto —.929 | 53 | 53 = — |Ditto | BS [so ease dh e 29 92869.32 61.74 7.58 29. 934. 56. 22 |56. 16 | = oe JULY. Temperature. | Wind. Rain. | Remarks. i Dys Max | Min. Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts. e 9 52 81 49 E Little i n 58 | 88 55 SW | Brisk i| 78 A po E m ge The weather in this month was much more favourable for vege- ENS: SR ittle tation than it was in the two preceding months. The mean tem- 6| 73 : n 55 Ditto .16 | perature was about a degree below the average; but there was 7| 68 S x 46 SW | Ditto abundance of sunshine, and a moderate quantity of rain. The 8! 6: 5 91 50 c— | Ee .14 | sth was very sultry, with a remarkably deep blue sky, and a few 19] 73 - : 3 42 SE Ditto .24 | dusky white clouds. Rain followed this appearance, as is usually 10| 65 Hi sud - er ae .02 heme Heavy rain fell on the 18th. ‘The 23rd was squally, nl 6 Š 68 ris with cold showers. : N Little EM 5 5 5| 67 6 s : : ad nl Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.928 inches. i E X 95 50 NE Ditto OE emperature ........Ditto....... 629.69 £1.56 8 : —— Dew Point .......... Ditto....... 599.21 ‘4 8o | 58 96 E e Dm —— Degree of Dryness ....Ditto....... 3°.48 . " 81 57 95 55 Ditto —— Degree of Moisture. . . .Ditto....... .886 E 7S |. 49 87 SW | Bri Vapour...... Ditto... i-. $01 inch 9| 68 47 risk 50 2 44. 78 40 W Little Least observed degree of Moisture. ....... 555 ^ 67 54 80 53 SW Brisk 9? | Maximum Temperature in the Shade..... 88°. t es 55 78 53 Ww Ditt ?! | Minimum Temperature in Ditto......... pi 3 e * NE: 72 51 SW Lit ot Maximum Temperature in the Sun ..... 115° " ct 40 80 36 wW Bri E -08 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... j 42 d 98 | Mean Temperature of External Air....... 619.88 5 Ic ^is 38 | —— | Little P A 72 44 SW Ditto 2| 7 s 82 53 — | Ditto IO T | 73 8 88 50 Ww Ditto .02 North...... 2 days | N. East....1 days -49| "1 5 91 55 — | Ditto .06 Souisse: os S Ret... iv | B| 7 Ki 80 52 SW Brisk .07 Rab iie. I N, West....2 3| 69 5 s 47 Ww Little .07 West ...... 9 S. West...13 « Pa Er i 43 SW | Ditto .03 ^ prema 31 days. 71.64 P 87.77 49.58 1.67 Amount of Rain e99692029296^54*99522999 1.67 inch. ~ ; | ; P i 2G [ 226 ] (as EE dur T. AUGUST. Morning. Noon. Night. 1845. E Barom Hygrometer, Weather. Barom.| Hygrometer. Weather. Barom Hygrometer. Weather. T.| 11290.9341 71 | 55 | 16 |Very Fine 29.908| 71 16 E Fine 3 — Clear & Fine D W.|2.—.750| 62 60 2 Fine se Se * M odd udy 29.49 i $ — Ditto Th, 31—574 64 62 2 Cloudy —.558) 58 58 — pen storm —.551| 57 Li AD Stormy F. 4|[—.527 61 61 s Rain 537 64 64. pun Showery —.605 54 $4 1 0 lear S. | $|—774| 62| 60| 2 Fine —.823| 70 | 55 15 |Very Fine Le Beso 54 | C |n Ditto S.| 6—.890) 62 | 58 | 4 Light clouds | —.977| 68 | 56 | 12 Ditto 30.116, 53 | 53 | — Ditto M.| 730.206, 62 | 59 | 3 Heavy dew |30.191| 73 | $58 | 15 Ditto "2n 62 | 62 | — Cloudy T.| 8—.220| 72 66 6 (Overcast, fine | —.18 79 64 15 Ditto 153 63 6 — Overcast W.| 9—.060| 67 66 I |Very Fine —.003| 80 | 7o 10 Very hot 29.950| 64 63 | a Lightning © Th. 10/29 997| 59 | 59 | — Hazy . 052, 63 | 60 3 Overcast 30.177| 49 | 49 | — Clear & Fine F. 11/30.234| 59 55 4 |Very Fine —.237, 68 49 | ‘19 Very Fine L235 53 52 I Ditto S. |12\—.237| 63 | 6o | 3 Ditto —.213| 72 | 57| 15 Ditto Za 03] Soh | 09 Ditto S. 13,—211| 60o | 60 | — /|Ditto —.200, 7 62 | 16 Ditto —.093| 60 | 60 | — Overcast M. 14—041| 65 | 65 | — Hazy —.074| 79 | 68 | 11 Ditto x 9.945] ^63 | -83 | = Cloudy x 15|29.912| 66 | 66 | — |Ditto 9.894| $1 | 68]| 13 Sultry [cast| -923 65 | 65 | — Tomes aa Th. 16.30 63| 63| — ea eae |—979 67| 67| — Densely over-| 30.040) 59 | 59 | Clear & Fit -|17|—.097| 63 | 63 | — |Fog 30.088, 78 | 66 | 12 Sultry doo| 63 | 64 | — Dite « F.18.—.08 66 | 66 | — Ditto —.O1 82 75 7 Ditto 9.958 64 | 64|— Ditto S. 1992.820| 79 69 | 10 |Very Fine 29.758, 82 | 70| 12 |Cloudless —.670| 64 | 64|— itto S. o Bg 68 | 68 per Cloudy (TEL 23 70 I Overcast, fine || —.8 e i= Overcast M. |21\—.977| 57 | 59| 7 |Fine, Clear |29.965; 69 | 48| 21 ‘Cloudy do. | —.855| 54 | 54| - ma T. 22 —.640| 62 54 | 8 Overcast CT I 61 — Rain 477] 54| 54| — Overcast. Sí EN 619, 60, 6o | — |Fine 590| 66 | 66| — Overcast ares SS) 39] — wq *24—599| 57 | 57 | — |Cleudy —.748| 69 | 61 8 Fine aa 55 | € | Clear & 9 2 j25,—.835| 62 | 62 | — |Fine —.856| 69 | 6o 9 |Very Fine i B89| 6o | Co | = Clouty e : 26 —929| 63 | 63 | — Overcast —.944| 72 | 62 | 10 Ditto 10:008 —99 | 39 1. C: (27,30339, 62 | 62 | — Fo 30.102, 66 6| 10 po o — |Ditto i - (28 29.99 31.63| — Overcast 29.939| 62 | 62| — st|29.916| 63 Bj 1o wW |29 — 964|: 63 | 63 | — |Cloudy —.986| 70 | 60] 1o Tc "emm 30.037, 64| 63| ! Ditto Th 3% 39.092 AN 62 | 2 |Overcast 30.110) 78 | 68 ht haz 438| 64| 64 | — Dit PE "1195 + - 64 | — |Hazy —.191| 73|.65 8 vay Fine Peres) Gq | “Og fo ee oink | | | | 9-909 63 r " 952 71.09 62.13 8.96 | 29.933,58-35 58.29 0-00 [ 227 ] AUGUST. q Temperature. Wind. Rain. E b Remarks. "Dus Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Fore. | In. Pts. P a | 46 | 8 | 43 SW | Little n 3 be 52 ES "dm ET dm This month was very favourable for the growth of vegetation. [41 68 : E 2: ie : E: The mean temperature was a degree above the average. ‘The EH 1 E: 45 w Li g: -18 | amount of rain was upwards of an inch above the usual quantity. | 6| 7o 53 6 ittle *92 | It fell for the most part in large quantities at a time. e 3d diis E : 39 Sw Ditto was boisterous and showery, with some hail in the forenoon ; 18 5 g E + Ditto thunder, and heavy rain commenced at 2 P. m. and continued till mnm" 5 9 56 Ditto upwards of an inch had fallen. Nearly as much fell on the 23d, tio! 68 57 22 56 S Ditto with wind sometimes boisterous. The 4th was squally with BUE e 7 es NE Ditto heavy showers, and thunder in the afternoon. ‘There was much dn 77 T d 44 N i^ io vivid lightning on the night of the 9th. There was also thunder X 1| 78 t E $3 SE D ee on the 15th, 16th, and much lightning on the night of the 25th. y : 79 | 59 9o 56 E Ditto Mean Pressure from the 5 daily observations 29.931 inches. dd 2 r 60 93 54 S Ditto 61 | —— Temperature... ss... Ditto. «25.» 64°.36 oF i 55 98 54 SW | Ditto .16 | —— Dew Point... .. .. .. . .Ditto.... 60°.60 A 2 * 55 | 100 51 N Ditto —— Degree of Dryness. . . .Ditto...... 32.76 x 19 4 59 | 100 56 E Ditto —— Degree of Moisture. . SLO. ovs. 877. cda 61 | 103 58 — | Ditto .OI Force of Vapour..... Ditto EP -524 inch. NET 4 | 88 43 S Ditto Least observed degree of Moisture. . . .. . 514 has j 49 91 45 NW | Ditto .oz | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. . . . 84°. Bm 2 | 45 | 66 42 S Strong .22 | Minimum Temperature in ditto.......- x [au 53 84 52 — | Little .95 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ..... 103° 1 a 23 46 89 42 W Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 39°. dá 3 56 94 54 S Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 639.36 Tal | 46 | 94 | a2 | SW | Brisk 01 Winns. TNI 7 i 1 44 NW. ope North ...... 3 days | N. East....- 1 days LIE 79 59 S Ditto P South é «Bast. cece 2 E hi7 à ae datos Rast. 26$ 3 . West $ It]. 82 6 94 58 < DO Nut. 0 3 S. West...» 10 ENDO" [193 | 53 SE | Ditto : days. 73 3 « s ane Ta}: 98.00 49-19 3:28 Amount of Raih ...... ees sos ceieks» 4-28 inches. [ 228 J SEPTEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 5 1843. Li Barom, | Hygrometer | Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, D F. j| 1/50.282| 65| 65 | — Foggy 30.284 79 | 75 | 4 Som 29.943| 67 | 67| — $.|2,—.333| 68 | 68 | — Slighthaze ||—.317| 79 | 69 | 10 Ditto 0.300 64| 64| — S. | 3|—284| 65 | 65 | — [Ditto —.213| 79 | 62 | 17 Ditto =-200|. -67 | 67) = M. | 4|—.256| 61 | 59] 2 (Clear 272, 69 | 58 | 11 |Fine 330| 52) 52) -> x $/(1—.388| 5$ | 55 | — |Do. heavydew| —.370| 65 | 55 | 10 (Clear & Fine | —312| 53 | 53 | — .|6j—292| 57 | 55 | 2 |Clear & Fine ||—.251| 73 | 53 | 20 (Cloudless —.260| 58 | 56) 2 Th. | 2,—.27o0| 6o0| 6o | — Slight haze ||—.261| 78 | 65 | 13 [Do.& hot ||—.246) 60 | 60 | — © F.|8|—.267| 65 | 65 | — [Ditto —.236, 75 | 68| 7 |Very Fine — 193) 64 Nx : 9,—.183| 65 | 65 | — [Ditto —.139 75 | 65 | 10 Ditto —.o86| 60 =e .[10|—.022|, 61 | 61 | — Foggy —.000| 70 | 70 | — [Thunder showers) 29 956| 62 rum M. [11/29.942| 62 | 62 | — [Rain —.022). 70 | 55 | 15 |Very Fine 30.075, 62 xw. T.|12/]30.200| 61 | 61 | — lOvercast —.197| 71 | 71 | — |Overcast .183| 58 "S W. |13|—.1 60 | 60 | — |Very clear —.22| 69 | 58 | 11 Fine 29.931| 50 m Th.|14/:29.847| 60 | 6o0| — Hazy 29.833| 67 | 65 | 2 |Overcast —.824| 62 yes F. |15\—.796| 68 | 66 | 2 |Very fine .821| 73 | 60 | 13 |Very Fine —.956| 62 E € $S.|16,|—.994| 65 | 65 | — |Lightly overcast 994, 77 | 65 | 12 |Ditto 30.053| 61 ga S.|17,30.128| 66 | 66 | — |Slight haze ||30o.104| 75 | 68| 7 [Ditto .082| 58 pg M.|18—.1o07| 64| 64 | — |Fine —.o90| 75 | 65 | 10 |Ditto —.148| 60 m T. 19,——.161| 65 | 65 | — Cloudy —.163| 75 | 73| 2 {Ditto —.148| 54 n W.|20—.107| 55 | 55 | — Slighthaze ||—.o64| 74 | 60 | 14 [Ditto —.£034| 54 d 3 21—131| 57| 57 | — |Foggy —.155| 69 | 66 | 3 |Ditto —.216| 57 T + |22\—-363) 59 | 59 | — Clear & fine —.406| 68 | 58 | 10 |Ditto —.446| 56 TE @ 5.23 —509| 61| 60) 1 |Very fine —.508| 66 | 62| 4 Ditto —.460| 54 i S. |24\—-467| 59| 59 | — Overcast —.375| 62 | 56| 6 |Overcast —347| 54 p 2 x rx 51 | 5t | — |Ditto —.18o| 64| 59| 5 |Cloudy .161| 50 T 2 20,1—.038| 50) 45 | 5 |Clear& cool ||—.064| 58| 44 | 14 |Do.& Fine ||29.947| 42 id A 27 29-781) 49 | 49 | — [Overcast 29.714| 54 | 40 | 14 |Cloudy & cool| —.681| 39 A 3 28,—.735| 43 | 49| 3|Veryclear |—757| 54 10 |Clear & do. |—.834| 48 E :[29/—959| 45 | 40 | 4 |Clear & cool ||—.968| 56| 38 | 18 |Cold & dry ||—.937| 49 : D $S.|30|—.788| 54| $4 | — |Rain —796| 68 | 68 | — |Cloudy .893| 59 ics 20.12 | : i xx i "ER ||30. 119/69 «43,60. 36 9.07| jo 10S a [ 229 ] SEPTEMBER. Temperature. Wind. Rain. | Remarks. E Max, | Min. | Sun Rad. | Direction, | Force. In. Pts. : > Ü 57 | 104 54 S Little à n $4 | 100 51 N Diss The weather throughout was exceedingly fine. The mean : 3 ? | $7 | 100 53 SW Ditto temperature exceeded that of any corresponding month since 5 | 42 go 36 N Ditto 1825, and was about 5° above the average. The barometer was : 1 i 45 97 39 ec + Sere high ; and the amount of rain only } of the usual quantity for i 1 $ 50 | 100 45 NW | Ditto the month. On the rst the thermometer in the shade was 85°, IME i 53 | lor 48 S Ditto and on nine other days it rose to 809, or higher. In the last In 7 62 98 58 E Ditto week the temperature however began to decline rapidly, its i 5 99 50 Cu | IBHS mean being no less than 14? below that of the third week. Rh 94 53 S Ditto ` J") ^ | 58 $ {n 91 55 W Ditto Im " 51 91 47 NE Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 30.120 inches. du 6 A go 42 E Ditto Temperature ......-. Ditto ...... 619.72 " [ E 2 71 61 endis D tto .O1 — Dew oint ere ser er Ditto coo» 589.42 dé 8 | 54 | 93 50 S Ditto Degree of Dryness .. . . Ditto ...... 39.16 9| & | 53 | 100 49 we ITE ——- Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... .893 ‘An! gg 16 102 48 SW | Ditto Force of Vapour ..... itto ...... .487 inch IPTE 5 101 54 NW | Ditto .2o | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 503 Jal s 49 | go 46 NE | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 857. IE 75 47 | 100. | 44 SE Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ....... «38. Jal n T 88 | 4; SW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 104°. [3] 6g 4 76 43 NE | Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... " iyi 6 H ; : 43 co Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 619.90 I5 43 W | Ditto i : & 1j 75 | 34 | —— | Ditto Winps. Hiss | 3 | 72 | 34 | —— | Brisk wi 3? | 70 27 = HIS North...... 3 days | N. East ....4 days fs 2 34 73 27 es Ditt South... s. .* S. East sc» .. Malti? : Pot o.. .. | N. West....8 T; 75 53 wW Ditto ot : est.... B o o WES sd» |. | 73-90) 49. 30 days. d | 19:99; 92.66, 45.85 0.98 Amount of Rain...» «sese :0.98 inch. [ 230 ] | OCTOBER, Morning. Noon. Night. x IS Oak eee E Hygrometer. | Weather, Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, Hygrometer, AS 65 | 65 -926| 69 | 63 | 6 |Clear 58 | — M.|2 63 | 63 Overcast eum 65 | 65 | — |Showery $6 | 3.13 58 | 58 | — Ditto —.1o09| 66 | 6r | 5 |Cloudy 38 | W.|4 60 | 60 | — |Do. and fine |—.114| 67 | 65 | 2 |Do. and mild ye pe Th. |. 5 60 | 60 | — o2 70 | 58 | 12 |Very Fine proe 5 sad 61 61 | — |Densely clouded 29.187| 64 64 | — Slight rain 60 | — S.| 7\— 59 | 59 | — |Clou —.592| 63 | 63 — |Rain 33. F © S.|8 62 | 62 | — [Boisterous —.551| 61 | 57| 4 |Cloudy 53 fe M. 54| 54 | — |Rain —.:75| 52 | 52 | — |Rain a X. 42 | 42 | — |Clear —.851| 58| 5o | .8 |Overcast 48 | — W. 60 | 60 | — |Boisterous —.137| 61 | 61 | — |Heavy Rain SEE Th. 7| 47 | — |Ditto .250| 49 | 49 | — Rain 48 | — : . 39 | 39 | — Clear —.753| 49 | 35 | 14 |Cloudy, Fine nis e A 40 ] 40 | — Ditto —.771| 50 | 40| ro Ditto ui E $ 34| 34 | — Foggy —.659| 48| 44| 4 Dit Sl c 5 32 | 32 | — Fros —.649| 45 | 28 | 17 Clear & cold vidi pee - 43 | 43 | — Rain, stormy -250| 46 | 46 | — |Cloudy, fine 39 ests 2 39 | 36 | 3 Cloudless —.971| 46 | 26 | 20 |Cloudless vi et Th. 39 | 30 | — |Frosty haze ||30.312| 48| 42| 6 Ditto Spo 2 39 | 30 | — Ditto —237| 52| 4 4 |Fine aaepe t 48 | 48 | — (Cloudy 29.933| 52| 52 | — jShowery — LE uer EE 48 | 48 | — Fine 30.033| 58 | 52| 6 (Cloudy & Fine $i. = 49 | 49 | — |Clear —.04. 53| 49 | 4 |Ditt 48 | — é 54 | 52| 2 Flying clouds/29.773 | 59| 58| 1 [Densely clouded 5-1 - AE 46 | 46| — Hazy clouds |—.404| 52 | 45 | 7 |Cloudy 39 EGE Li 32 | 32 | — Frosty —.562| 49 | 49 | — |Very Fine 81 ae * 32 | 32 — Do, and Clear —529| 49 | 49 | — [Ditto 2 1—- ^ 45| 45| — (Boisterous —.161| 49 | 42 | 7 |Boisterous Iv > M. 39 | 39 daz —.§71| 51| 44| 7 |Clear eg = 49 Ditto —.305; 56 | 56 | — |Rain SÍ : JL 29 Ditto —401| 45 | 45 | — |Heavy rain UR i 47*35 rao 29.702 54.90/50 264.64 45.93 » gcns UU qe de d Lgs p ter ac Oa E I CET AMT bac eL E an Ro) Lan fh ME dsl E Lt ca Rma cq cp a LEEN EE NEE E TE EN O A AEE c M MEME A EL MM MM EE EU NE EE E, s 4 E É SOUPE etree ar a nl NURSE US TO MU RR RUNE AE LEE, ME Men cd iiS ME Lact a CO LA 2-3 PP eee es ae wie T ly [ 231 ] OCTOBER. Rain. Remarks. In. Pts, 2 This was a wet and rather cold month. The mean tempera- . [9] | ture was nearly 2° below the average, and the amount of rain | upwards of 4 inches, or nearly double the usual quantity. The | barometer averaged very low. Frosty nights commenced as *19 | early as the 12th; those of the 18th and 19th were unusually -06 | severe for the period of the season. On the latter night the :22 | thermometer was 10° below freezing, whilst the radiating ther- *11 | mometer indicated 16°. The difference between the average > -4° | temperatures of this and the preceding month is usua *14 | but in the present instance the difference is nearly 14°. | Te ature ........ Ditto ...... | Dew Point .......... itto .,.... 479.51 :52 Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... 19.58 -06 | Degree of Moisture ... Ditto ...... -94 Force of Vapour ..... Ditto ...... .330 inch. Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 47 :25 | Maximum Temperature in theShade .... 73°. -01 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ....... 22°. I1 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 95°. | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 169, 34 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 489.49 WiNps. dá North.......0 days. | N. East...... 1 days. 6 South...... à 9 |95.bs5t...;,. O- ss n Kast......-.. i. N. Wet sosi 6i ng it West. seoses 8 S. Wests.. se II 88 31 days : 4.19 Amount of Rain... ........ eee 4.19 inches, [ 232 ] NOVEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. 1843. £ = Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, W.| 129.709, 44 | 44 | — (Hazy 29.627| 48 | 48 | — |Hazy, damp |29.740| 35 | 35 | — |Foggy Th. 2|}—.780| 40 | 40 | — |Foggy -—2:1) 48.| 48]| — Hazy clouds |—.713; 46 | 46 | — tain F.| 3|—.652, 47 | 47 | — [Ditto 70:8. 58 | 50) 2 |VeryFine |—.660| 48] 48) =e S.| 4|—.680| 47 | 47 | — |Slight haze ||—.691| 56 | 56 | — Ditto —+783| A| 41) = S.| 5sI—-.938| 47 | 47 | — |Fine —.931| 54| 51) 3 Cloudy —:9923 .43| 3 1— M.| 6|—.965| 49 | 49 | — |Overcast —.936| 5I 51 | — Rain —.927| 46 | 46 | — © T.|7|—.682| 55 | 55, — |Heavy rain ||—.662| 57| 57| — Cloudy 749| 41 |] 41 | — W.| 8[—.571| 42 | 42 | — [Cloudy & fine |—.500| 45 | 45 | — |Heavy rain |—.769 35 | 35 | — Mtt Th. 9|—.936| 32 | 30 | 2 |Clear & frosty |—.9o1| 41 | 30 | 11 |C 717| -33 | 33 | CORE F.10|—.512| 42 | 42 | — Rain —.525| 46 | 46 | — Rain —.730 37 37|— Cloudy S.|11|—. 34 | 34 | — |Fi 30-019] 44 | 44 | — |Easterly haze |30.112; 31 | 31 |-- cient $.12/30. 40 | 40 | — —.136| 44| 38| 6 |Cloudy —.144| 28 | 28 | — Ditto M.|1r5|—. 26 | 26 | — |Sharp frost |—.207| 39 | 39 | — |Fine 227 29] ae ie Cloudy T.|14|—. 35 | 35 | — |Hazy — 3354 44 | — Ditto, hazy |—.124| 38 | 38 | — Rain € W.|tsi—. 30 | 30 | — |Frosty —.172| 42 | 42 | — |Very Fine T-—020| 37] M | -—- Th. 16/29 38 | 38 | — |Clear 29.987| 44| 40| 4 Ditto —.007| 33| 33|— F.17|—. 31 31 | — |Frosty haze |—.763| 48 48 | — |Densely clouded | 29.591 46 46] = n S.|18|—. 40 | 40 | — |Fine 545| 49 | 49 | — Fine 5051 = 39 | 39 1— S.l19|—. 35 | 35 | — |Clear —.797| 47 | 43 | 4 Clear —.649| 47| 47| — M.!20.—. 48 | 45 | 3 |Ditto —.615| 49 | 45 | 4 |Fine, windy |—.712, 41 | 41 | — e T.\2:\—. 52 | 52 | — |Overcast —.571| 55| 54| 1/0 -—.500 53] 533] W.l22|—. 54 | 54 | — |Hazy clouds ||—.603| 53 | 47 | 6 [Ditto —.618 46 | 46|— Th.|23|—. $0 | 50 | — [Rain —-275| 55 | 53]| 2 |Cloudy —.565| 38| 38|— F.|z4.—. 33 | 33 | — |Fo 523| 43 | 43 | — |Densely clouded |—.568| 39 | 39 | — S.|25\—. 38 | 38 | — |Hazy,drizzly|—.539| 44 | 44 | — |Hazy, rain |—.604| 46 46 | — NS 26,—. 54 | 54 | — |Cloudy -685| 56 | 56 | — Cloudy —.665| -51 | 51| — ~ 27 54 | 54 | — |Ditto —.657| 56 | 56 | — Squally —.798| 49, Si a D 28/30 48 | 45 | 3 |Fine 30.143| 53 | 52 | r |Very Fine 30.136) 51| 5 | W.|29)— 44 | 49 | 4 |Clear —.307| 59 | 43| 7 Clear & Fine |—.366| 39 | 39 | — Th [3o|. — 32 | 32 | — |Slight frost |—.281| 46 | 46 | — |Hazy —.064 47| 4| — | et aa Bor 29.823442 oy 63 4 29.807 dioec 29.824 41. 1041. 10, 0*9 m E P IX Bs heat : a ; ^ NOVEMBER. E Temperature. | Wind. | Rain. E ; | | P. | | Remarks. Ways! Max | Min. | Sut Rad. | Direction. | Force, | In. Pts. | | | * » =): 3? 50 28 N | Little | .02 Dt. - 49 2 o J i *. M $ 13] 59 i 2 à n a m s Although scarcely the average quantity of rain fell yet the air ET 41. 58 39 73 35 SE Ditto was generally damp, as is usually the case in this month. e ETT $3 37 56 38 N Ditto á period of lowest temperature occurred between the gth and 16th. mee! SF | 44 57 43 SW Brisk “io | The average mean temperature was fully maintained. West Elo so | 33 ii 28 Ww Little ` iy | and south west winds were prevalent. The nights of the 19th, ETT n | 23 15 NW | Ditto 3 21st and 26th were very boisterous. S 46 | 3o e | i 3 ied 3 EIU 46 | 26 53 31 E Ditto Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.854 inches F : h 48 | 21 57 | 17 I 4S Buc AU NAE Di - 54 a 4 4 25 58 | 20 N Ditto 65 | Mew Polbt...... s Ditto...... 42.84. XP 4 26 48 23 | Ditto .03 Degree of Dryness...... Ditto...... 09.70 : à 46 | 35 56 30 NW | Ditto $70 emm Degree of Moisture. .... Ditto...... . EIS 4 24 57 18 N Ditto Force of Vapour....... itto...... .278 inch x 2 91 | 36 | 63 33 SW | Brisk „ıı | Least observed degree of Moisture. . . .. ... .661 EIS 3 | 29 64. 25 Little "or | Maximum Temperature in the Shade...... 59*. E 2 52 40 60 38 ee En Minimum Temperaturein ditto.. ....... 1% E SEF 35 : Maximum Temperature in theSun........ 23^. IET 55 32 W Strong ae" é cie " Ta 57 53 59 53 SW Brisk d Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation........ (99. E 23 d 44 60 40 Ditto 3 Mean Temperature of External Air....... 439.63 E a E 55 23 — 2 | SOs .OI EIS | 46 | 42 44 30 E Little | .o8 fá] 56 sia |. SE | Dite | -H Win € | $9 3 I 49 SW | Brisk Ol North.. 6 days | N. East ...... 1 days B56 H4 63 42 —— | Strong Sout "1s es ae emp is | 35 W risk Baik so N. West 2 SLINT hg 21 —— LIB West .... Sees 5 S. West 10 ee 45 5° 42 SW Ditto .o6 1 : "eI 30 days. ; §2.09 35.26 57.20 32.06 2 13 Amount of Rain Psestcroveosaa ls MERE. VoL. my, EN ; D : von 2H [ 234 ] DECEMBER. Morning. Noon. | Night 1843. > EY Hygrometer Weatl B | | a | yg . eather. arom, Hygrometer. Weatlier. | Barom | Hygrometer Weather, F. | 1/30.034. d | [oo S.| 2 aves Ms je mu veia Hase 30.038| 47 | 45 2 Overcast 30.076 39 | 39| — [Clear S. 5|—.348| 47 47 | — He : HIE) rice ome 215) 43 | 43| — |Hazy EI s TI Pesci Ui m Keren da mM — 368 45 | 45| — |Cloudy ESOS Rina. cM eee 276 45 | 45 | — Ditto O W.| 6 —.316 4o : — |Fine y 098) 53 | 53 | — |Cloudy ee 50 | 50| — |Do. and fine Th. | 7|—.278, 4 Pc di 335. 50 | B| 2 Clear and fine|—.358 38 | 38| — [Clear & fine F. | 8|—.153| H a eee e dua d d 1 Drizzly —.73| 50| 50| — |Cloudy S. | olay 44 49 War» T —184| 54 $50 | 4 Clear and fine| —212, 37 | 37| — Clear S. 10 —]247| 44 E p od — —288| 41 | 41 | — |Foggy —270| 42 | 42| — loudy NL IH 273 40 V | Ps ear & fin —-260 47 AGE T Fine .289 44 44 | — Hazy clouds DIRE UICE 7 PU eae e || —257| 49 | 49 | — Very Fine —.326| 34 | 34, — |Fine won ox Rue gels 36 | — |Densefog — |—434| 34 | 34| — |Hazy € Th. 14|—.490| 36 | 36 | — Clon & & —419, 38 | 38 | — |Hazy —.427| 42 | 42| — (Cloudy F.|15|—.353| 45 | 45 | — (Cloud Fa —-475| 48 | 48 | — |Very Fine —.89| 43 | 43 | — Clear $.116.—.333| 42 | 42 fre Fine y & fine ||—.342) 51 | 51 | — (Cloudy, fine |—318| 47 | 47 | — Cloudy S. 171—433 42 prc o d E —341| 53 | 50| 3 Ditto —.405| 46 | 46| — Ditto M. |18| —. 451. 39 : = Fo slight haze ||—.432| 50 | 46 | 4 (Clear and fine|—.427| 35 | 35| — [Rosey T.hol—429 Se ga Dino "439| 44| 44 | — Foggy —437| 42 | 42| — Ditto W. 20|—.399 43 | 43 p Overca t —:429| 46 | 46| — |Hazy 421| 43| 43107 Cloudy e Th. i21|—.346 43 43 [. » —-356 45 5 po Ditto —.297| 42 42 | — Ditto F.22—400 43| 43|— Very fu concio oo P 404| 45 | 45| — [Ditto Mm CMM oo DN —.357| 45 | 45 | — |Thickly do. ||—.306| 48| 48| — [Ditto S uid aol do s cer d —364 55 | 55 Cloudy, mild | —358| 51 | 51|— [Ditto M. 2| —.466, 491. 49 a Hag ne ||—.433| $4 | 54| — Clear and fine —483| 49 | 49| — azy T. 26 —.370 CREMAS Drizz 437 52 | 52 | — Overcast —3 45| 45| — Cloudy W. a ee e 4 un aspe qut dnd —346 43 | 43| — Buy D Th. 28 —.498 | S8" G gom —419 4a | 4| E P. 20—35 44 | 441 — ee E e Ditto el 43 | 43| prre S. 30 a. 278| 39 | 1 [^ Vias. ser -—427, 45 | 45 | — |Ditto pos gD — [Ditto S. 31/29. 979 4| | cl IFA finé| tos] 42 42 | — |Overcast —.195| 40 cce —— | 41 | — (Cloudy & do. || 29.879 46 | 46 | — Cloudy & fine 29.664! 47 — |Do. squally 30.331 42. Z. | | | | 4 P "ES | S03 er 48 45.740.74 30.305 43 23.8 ien uen Ge RAC: > E ey NEST pat Eoi C: re PROS REMO T RUE PAGE OREO gM Re ta [ 235 ] DECEMBER. | Temperature. Wind. | Eaa E: ae” Remarks. ig Max. | Min, | Sun. Rad. | Direction.| Force. | In. Pts. T | 0d ua uc dea S ^ a7 | 49 | 22 N Little ae EA ro z 52 30 SW | Ditto .02 E : 50 44. Ww Ditto aa The prevalence of South and South-west winds had the effect It 2 5 49 45 SW Ditto oe of maintainin the mean temperature 4° above the average. : n ^ 38 53 35 Ditto ‘oz | Very little rain fell, but the air was almost constantly in a state 1. S 3 57 31 ics bois of saturation. e barometer stood remarkably high through- à 1 5 47 55 45 sue eo or | Out being always above 30 inches excepting on the znd an HOM 3 65 28 Ww ists last days of the month. It has not averaged so high since De- : i Ks 36 s 33 SW | Ditto 08 "ig d 1834. The eneral character of the month was calm, à a $0 | 28 31 —— | DINO KO, YOY PARP TU EST Iu 2 25 S Ditto mI $9. | 38 56 | 27 | —— | Di j| 48 itto .OI K 3 A 2 27 = ne „or | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily edi 30:315 inches. "3584 39 itto IO... ac oo EO. IS res 2:22 d * 33 55 36 W Ditto e- dM PomE 53 so cece ne? IW... -sr i HL n | 50 54 35 NW | Ditto .04. Degree of Dryness.. ...- Ditto...... 07.24 Nul 40 55 28 Ww Ditto Degree of Moisture ..... Ditto... : 9] 47 | 2 47 39 "eds | Tibe ——— Force of Vapour........ Ditto...... .290 inch Sip | 41: 47 38 S Ditto | Least observed degree of Moisture .......- . ‘81 50 | 42 49 37 — | Ditto | Maximum Temperature in the Shade.....- £87, Eon | 4 51 41 SW Ditto . Minimum Temperature in ditto.....-..-- 27. 1 56 48 52 41 S Ditto | Maximum Temperature in the Sun......-- 66°. |J 55 M: 59 45 SW Ditto | .o; | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation.......- 27": i 4 52 | 35 : : 47 meu | Dito | Mean Temperature of External Air...... u 435.82 pul ws t 33 S Ditto T Piy t 46 41 SE Di Ia ^ 33 n itto N DS. i 9 49 42 Pee W Ditto .03 North..is.«vv. 1 days | N-Bast.... ves o days EN us oL ll sw | bine Soutiso. i> B. Rast 5o erre pA [dmn T3 44. 35 W | Ditto Oe ee o N. West .....--: i-e FIP EET 37 eae ceu .02 eee Se 7 S. West ... «eee 14 +s a " Se itto * 30 4 31 days. : o. 58 Amount of Rain ...... rni seevussts§< 0.58 inch. [ 236 ] Monthly Mean Pressure, Temperature, and Dew Point, &c. of 1843; deduced from the in the preceding Journal. Observations recorded Pressure. | ‘Temperature. E | In Sun’s Terrestrial Mean at Mean of In the Shade. Mean at Mean ys. Radiation, ge the three|| - pie j Observa- t E: Max. Min. | Med. | Barom. Morn. | Noon. | Night. ic & Max. | Min. | Med. | Morn. | Noon Night Observ? Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. Ra 30. 502/28 181/29 755 2-321 29.779|29-771/29.750/29. 766 56 | 19 139.67/38.38.43.58/,0.06/40.67, 59 | 49 48) 13 y. 30.040/28.848/29.585| 1.192 |29.582(29.569/29.584/29.578| 54 | 16 36.2834.8940.2133.7836.35| 61 | 31 | 44| 10 P 39. 380129: 341/29. ae 1.039 29.865|29.862/29.859/29.862| 67 | 18 |43.2040.9050.0040.7743.91| 78 | 39 | 45| M il 3o. si dede 800/0.835|29.791/29.792/29.82029.801| 70 | 22 47.8848.5055.1044.8849.42, 90 | 52| 49 M .|30. P g. +258) 29. 749 0.926 |29.750/29.747/29.754 29.750 ris | 29 |§2.23'54-00159-74/49 0054 24. 85 49 54 26 D PRESA: 223 29.810 0.937 29.817/29.81529.80529.812| 76 | 38 56.85/58.5364-03 54 06 58.87 100 | 56| 57| S! I | 5 - 30. 249 29-457 29-934 0.792 29.922|29.928.29.934/29.928| 88 | 40 |61.88/62 54169. 32\56.22,62.69 115 68 | 58 36 A : 30.237 29-412 29.935 0.825 29-909|29.952129-933/29-931 84 42 [63 - 36 63.64/71 .09|58-35 64:36 103°] 7F ae im $ E eeen 30.134|30. 11930. 106/30.120| 35 | 32 61.90/59.20(69.43,56.5361.72, 104 | 7! 61| 27 i . 20103309:090 29-708 1.253 |29+709|29.702/29.707/29.706) 73 | 22 )48.4947.35/54-90 45 03 49 o9 9 | p | 56 " E :«|30. 381/29. 27529» $19, 1.106 29.825/129.807 29.824129. .818| 59 | 21 |43 6342.0347 -50|41. 10 43-54 73 44 | 53 | 17 M^ | 30.498 29. gay 315, 0.834 |30.331|30. 311/30. 365/30 | 58 | 27_|43-82/42+45147-48]13-03/44-32, 00 66| «| f] go m 227 29.865 1.074 29.867 19. 864 29. 865 29.865 | 70.9 27.16 |49. 9245. 37 56.0346.87,50.76 Sese 80 $2.06 32.0 | 3 ^m msi EMANUELE E: : Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. Scale of the Winds. pp ig |!45 E: -—— mere ! BI Mean Dew Fut at E pmen Mean | | a ak ast | | * IM I. S Sarasa ea EC OCT. Force of | Fs f | de d f be n x E Morn, | Noon, | Night. | Point Vapour, dere ot ima | Moisture. N.|N.E.| E. | E. | S.| $W., wo w. | Ls | | tempers. it feel 21st. In the evening, towards NW., the clouds, broad phenomena play for more ae aan o 24th. A shower and thunder at fall. : At 2 P. M. clouds rising ® : gin west promise & a shower = By G. TnaprscaxT Lay, Esq. 239 OBSERVATIONS ON FRUITS, FLOWERS AND EVENTS AND GENERAL “HUSBANDRY. VEGETABLES IN SEASON. ANIMAL KINGDOM. REMARKS. the early part of the month the un-| The assortment of fruit small. The ies voice of the “Hwang pong chow," | Ist. alse at Foo chow, take up our ‘reaped crops of rice are shorn down.| plums of arich purple and of a most r Red-winged pie is heard among u at the office of a salt mo- The sickle is short, of small curva-| grateful taste, are now in season, and the fir-trees, and is so peculiar that Sopak on leít bank of river : compared that of the| cover the stalls and benches in pro-| it is difficult to find a similitude. It ee ver ineectual. : is wielded| fusion. Pines are brought hither| is something compoun of a sob, | by females as well as chiefly it is said from Formosa. Po. ats of a bell. 5. Meet the Superintendent of Trade. egranates serve now to deck the When displeased ‘it utters a peculiar table, but are of small size and little} clucking mixed d with pes puer of avour. a cat. s setting out of the second crop of "e Jasminum Grandiflorum, or ** Mo| A large forked-tailed fly- d with : ues till nearly the close of wah,” is now in " prime, culti.| his mate, perches on topmost month. The blades and preco- rated in ridges for a garniture of} shoots of a tall tree, she fien time e to salt monopolist's resi- | dou ears are cut off and thrown| table to time soars aloft in quest of in- ak on left bank above the bridge. | by the roots. sects and then with a sweep returns | back to his mate. The Vegetable most abundant now is un tsy” of the natives. It is grown|A Hawk which seems to be identical not in water as at Canton, but on| with the Kestrel, utters a note which bles that of th s wry-nec white blossom. It is very whole-| while it darts from the tall-trees to! 5, Met the Governor-General, some i j cry ge rie ciue or pene marrow| may always be heard, but mostly in goa the morning. Saw fishing Cormorants on rafts for first time, tim a a third in diameter. The e a acutangula is now in prime. These|Dragon-flies of red, green and blue are grown over Leeks on a kind tints, skim over pools of radi or roofing. Le d e Gour flutter along the fences, Am are plentiful, pes cut te or ro of the Day-fly, or Hemerobius fa- times a year mily, with long antenne, is seen among dragon-fiies, which it much arenes external appearance. I w to p field "— (Tagenaira) spreads its et, an inverted cone, among the long | es odds ere. im ay Moy,” or oily grain food bei spots, in a Opened by a hoe or mattock. ii by em loading salt for the pa, a Storing 240 Calendar at Foo-chow-foo, Outlines of Calen Day of Hygrome- : ¢ abili Therm. |Barom.| tte state. Wind. SKY, CLOUDS, MISTS, RAIN AND ELECTRIC PHENOMENA. 1 max. 91°} 29.49 Very dry S. East | Cumuli or fleecy clouds, with mists, which are clouds couching over the city. 2 - 91] —43 Fi 3 93 | —.43 ae 4 93 | -—-.56 es Rain fell in the night. 5 . 93 | —.66 Less dry 4 MOS clouds. 6 $88 .60 fe $ anes in the afternoon. 7 c 58 .60 Very dry ž 8 . OF „60 Morie bright 9 . 92 | —.68 In the morning, rainbow over the city; day showery. 10* $5 56 Morning, | pee ; afternoon cloudy. In an evening walk noticed large massive clouds, brooding over the * Min. ob- S. East. alley, on this side the southern range of hills. On as sudden the wind, then southerly, vi — erg A n iet ka j 1 the city. As » 83°. it city. gh E x ensued, whic n lasted a few minutes, as if the atmospheric columis were beastly perme do and opposite course; a shower followed, but did not last long. In the night the rain fell in tor and the wind blew tempestuously. The air was chill, but had not a portable e thermometer to emperature, which I regret. 11 6 A. M. 82 oo No apparent North Sky, at sunrise, hazy and nimbose, black clouds skirting the hills behind the city. Wind strong ISP. als 2 e change in gusty. At 8 o'clock, A, M., rain had ceased. 10 A. M., rain, with a mist over the city. P. Me rers Se 43 iE with blinks and gleams of sunshine. Air cold to sense ; wind hushed. Thunder and iita in the in night; chilly. arom. i followed the gale. 12 |7 A.M.80 | —.61 Haze; detached fragments and sheets. of cloud. invest the sky. The largest and most | — 34P.M.89 | —.67 overhang t 13 | Sunrise82 | —.67 Morning, gray i on the grass. Calm and massy clouds in the evening. Much foam floating down | P. M. the river. 14 Sunrise 823| —.74 15 Not at |home. 16 Morn. 94 | —. Very dry Clouds tl in, bei f a niml haract : : Sultry in the morning, succeeded by a haze ; clear at noon. 19 Day fine and sultry. 20 P.M.,ashower. Clouds red at sunset; evening fine. 21 Morning gray an y. At noon a shower, during w. the barometer and ae meg di fell,which is M sext ions are so local, that they affect not these columns, place. Evening showery. E Day ushered in by a drizzling shower; afterwards intermitting between sunshine and & nimbose ™ Evening showery. ; 23 Much rain had fallen in the night. Day throughout rainy. south, sun 2i Had rained steadily in a calm night. The nimbose sheet parting a little ind shift of wind. through between seven and eight. Afternoon fine; heavy shower at poe 25 Fine, breeze refreshing. : 26 Morning fine; breeze fresh ; shower in the evening. = 27 Morning showery. Rainbows, primary and secondary, bestriding the city. Asupermu = = Morning hazy ; day hot and clear. 30 s 31 P. M. 90 r August, 1844. By G. Travescant Lay, Esq. 241 OBSERVATIONS OF HUSBANDRY AND GARDENING. FRUITS AND FLOWERS IN SEASON about the Ric hoeing, the men asants employed E E em replantin workman kneels the while in the mud and water. Lec for irrigation, com plans of an ungreased in flower, ctis » as few weeds ventur | ie rine up near it, ‘Sugar-cane in full luxuriance. Tie gourds and melons mentioned in C Qu egoing Tapem continue re it fes god axle, in sounds that fill every corner of the valley, ANIMAL KINGDOM. EVENTS AND GENERAL REMARKS e Longans, much esteemed and plen now table. , to shew themselves at pl res p a: the close of the month. A cemali towards h the natives tupig fus seen on stalls vui now in flower, o a species of Pears may "pe seen upon t here and So ey are ‘eeaaealy to be éaten by a fo- reigner. Towards the end of the month Guavas are gathered green and ripen on the benches. ~ ui, 2ND SERIES, eree pi on trees and fen The white Crane, very common, with several of ed moy). The Indian Shot, Mets common here, is | as is flies, which settle upon Cows while at pasture. A black silky Ant, with its thorax g Visited the highest hill git: bon F landular juices or the cutaneous paper, com fibre, saliva and pean and The former amuses itself by catching the | During the storm, a house, ignited by li to extinguish the flames, was re- quired. uent; a remark- able fact, as the houses are chiefly timber, the air dry, and the people crowded. ausei of veneni which, spe a g, crumbles in The '* Guille" ak ef me Gribue to enquire for our h wi ns in the Mg duin the deemed starts. The Chinese spin- whether the divinity listens to their vows, voe iv thread a needle ehind ug If she chance to le, her Dent and Co., anchors atthe Pagoda. Mr, Braine arrives at Foo.chow, with a view of — prospects of trade 242 Calendar at Foo-chow-foo, Outlines of Calendar Therm 1 cae [| Barom.| Erates. | Wind. SKY, CLOUDS, RAIN, MISTS, AND ELECTRIC PHENOMENA, Am in. | Max. : x 5 1 82 | 90 | 29.72 Dry N. East |Morning and day clear Jon 2 82 90 | —.72 * Morning clear, in the g clouds rose in the North and followed each other in quick succession. | m Wind at that time easterly. A gentl ked that it was going to blow fi he South again. | » Na *19]w1-— A fresh breeze has been blowing all night from the South, which etica for the Therm, being at} sunrise 2 degrees above its usual average, 82. The sky borea —_— ect all day. Wind gusty ; inthe Evening. The night cloudy, but not so as to obscure the T 4 86 88 | —.60 T Acalm |Sun breaking from between the clouds in the Morning. In the Afternoon, heavy rain with thunder E S. East and lightning um a 5 84 88 | —.66 qe S. East |Morn, clouds dispersing and the sun shining. In the Afternoon, a shower, evening, fine. » : Ee 6 84 88 —.68 oe Morn, fine, at first cl led g t ly , as clouds by their int T iti the earth E = E: T4 7 "WIM|-—J E Newly Day cloudy. Is the unusual coolness of this day owing to the clouds? Night cool, sky overcast with | — ; 8. East dark motionless clouds. 8 78 | Not | —.74 se 8. East |Day cloudy. This fall in the Therm, and rise in the Barom. betokens a Northerly wind. Moisture 1 obsvd, fell in the night. : 9 oe 89 | —.78 e e Day throughout with sky overcast, but no rain fell. E he 10 Not | at | home. N.East /Rainy and cold on the ridge of the hills. m | ; : H | — | 78 | —.78 T N. and NE. [No rain at Foo.c! hon. Sky — The clouds of the cold-region wind, that is, strato-cumuli loose | - e even belo 3 ] E 12 74 | — | —.78 "i N.East |Sky overcast. The olor of the water indicate that rain has fallen up the bason of the E | Min, i. e. on the ien to € [seid d. 13 Not at home Rain, clouds, and pipii g winds at the M tery 14 E s | —.78 x Day, a mixture of fine and cloudy. 15 75 — | —78 Morn overcast. Breeze fresh and cool. 16 à el EA É S. East |Morn, sky 1 with hard ing clouds, clear as the day sprang up. E v — | 63s | —76 N. East " clear with occasional variations of that dark-stoned and apparently s sun mantle, which is T 20 € of surface 21 rer 82 | —.78 .. 5 "s — rain accompanied a cloudy dawn, or, the cloud was so low as to couch upon the earth, Day hot and mis sty. 22 Not} obser ved. x Day very hot and misty. 23 cp sep ua iu e Day, very hot and sultry. ; = E $8 | —.78 E oe |Weather fine and cheerly. The North-East Monsoon fairly set in. 27 . 28 84 88 —.79 vs ie |Day, fine and sultry. 29 84 88 —79 Day, fine and sultry, 30 80 84 | —79 Day fine. if the this month the beds of the C | vulus frhgrqed Dr AN for September, 1844. By G. Travescant Lay, Esq. 243 OBSERVATIONS OF HUSBANDRY AND GARDENING, FRUITS AND FLOWERS IN SEASON. ANIMAL KINGDOM. EVENTS AND GENERAL REMARKS Convol- place are cl up for planting the ‘‘ pak tsae Chinese e fanii y. The stakes and roofings as substitutes e wa Le shaded, Ecl. to nee their freshness and beauty. are not asleep, men d White maed and Mise ns t B Ee iere tracea fore fures These 7 ence" "iring are in request for for The Tongans are Lanes: in this month ith in profusion ever The ze at accompanied the d jo plucking of this fruit remind one of i utum = their bsp surrounded with of thorn due Guavas are gathered generally be- fore they ar nomy. whe n ps en from the tree with a nice attention to their color andform, they prove very cede but if zp from the stall they little esteemed, hiie peesi of Toad-stools are ga- ered among the Fir-trees by the peasantry, their color is yellow, with a mixture o They are ie als they are fit to be- | eat. Leeks are very abundant. The we tsae is fit for the table, as is also th sweet potatoe. or Spinach appears. is grown here, but is not remarkable for size or goodness ally. Soon after Mice he indulges the The white Herons assemble and wheel und as if musterin Magpies moult in the early part of this month and are conse tion, gain a new suit of hold their noisy levees on the sides of the hills with great spirit and fire, The calls of the Shrike or Butcher bird are heard occasion fea- thered tri a — but dim is soshy of letting zey that I am s sean except the sie a ever noticed it. TO g their n rs for an aery jaunt, though it is not eav ern i awks assemble at doy au ana wheel round in a kind of social pastime, O powers, as they soar to a great eleva- tion. Swallows begin to meditate a tory journ migratory j ey. In this month, the Cicadee, seated upon the Fir-trees make the groves and pses resound. As the old ones die, eg ones emerging from their meet in holes of the eave their last garments er a few hours climb They may be set down in diatonie scale thus, M: of the Chinese Throstle. I am told that there is a current of old Spanish Dollars running from Chin- hew or Cheun-chow at the rate of 14 lac per ; some hoards must have ked to supply this stream. r. B for join the ** Petrel,” The fleet of Junks, from Ningpo and to save some of the Monsoon Started & fine hare amongst the fir- trees. Visit the Monastery of Koo-shan seated in a romantic spot. age ae c M mg: in the Four place to day. The Can- ‘gins ae to write essays at — Other classics on alter- y till the 29 Prasad birth-day f 7 little etir about it in ** Proserpine Steamer “ ? leaves to take her station 244 Calendar at Foo-chow-foo, Outlines of Therm, Day of Hygrome- i ban aniio. eis dre Wind. SKY, CLOUDS, MISTS, RAIN AND ELECTRIC PHENOMENA. Min. | Max. 1 — 77 | 29.35 Dry N.East |Cloudy with light showers. 2 E - Je at | home. v4 . Weather fine; wind strong, which at times brought clouds from the North, 4 — 84 —.85 .. .. Day fine, P a 6 pve at | home. si Weather brigt fair at th tr f the River, where the Proserpine is lying. 7 8 — | 86 | —.60. i Sky overcast during the day, 9 | Not| at | home. 10 n 80 -.93 Very dry City enveloped in mist all day. 11 Not |taken 12 Not |taken V Sky overcast at various times during the day. 13 Not |taken Dry 14 — 81 | —.87 Day cloudy. 15 c 81 —.87 $e Ditto. 16 — 81 —,.83 "m Ditto. 17 | — | so |-—s | Very ary . [The sky clearer to-day. The surrounding hills seem to cause that prevalence of haze so common here in 18 dd 80 i üt i = Sky during th day, 1e. " g bet a A x dy. 19 S 84 —.79 .. Day fine. 20 — 82 | —.83 Noon, NE. |Dark clouds with their edges c m usher in the sunrise, Sky clear and cool throughout the ds and Strong southerly breezes at 21 -— 78 —.83 N. East (Sun iri —.83 4. AM. Showery. The weather feels cold to sense. Cloudy. 71 7 23 _ 82 | —.82 x Dew on the grass. Day fine, clear, and warm. * |-—|s|-—e s .. | Dew on the grass at sunrise. Midday fine. PM. Sky overcast with a cloud that reached to [it x» Wight MIA kad vid, Wind rising: the couching vapour merely the forerunner breeze. “95 64 | 72 | —.87 Me i" Day cloudy ; evening sombre, followed by a cloudy night. Ww Le —.87 | Less dry 13 Day fine; cloudy at night ; about midnight, rain. 27 70 | 1 | —87 . : Air less chilly in the morning : night very mild, fine. = } ~ le fo iR .. [Day fine; mist over the City. Evening, clouds threatened rain, but it was only the precum 29 — | 83 |—.82 a s | A fog in the morning. Fine and sultry, mid-day. Showery at day-fall. 30 72 | 72 | —96 se = Day cold and overcast. Mist heavy and cheerless over the City. an | 72 | 80 S. East |A sense of warmth in the atmosphere and the previous night was mild. Noon and p cheerly. P October, 1844. By G. Travescant Lay, Esq. OBSERVATIONS FRUITS AND FLOWERS IN SEASON. ANIMAL KINGDOM, EVENTS AND GENERAL REMARKS, fields that preceding month displayed such a fine mantle of green, yellow are directed to the kitchen of Spinach, € ior an or cot Turnip, and nary garden. The ** Diospyros kaki," a tree belong- ing to the —, — furnishes now ted and sightly fruit for the dessert, and ves lig ter me of the bet! inese. S called by he quod Te. Kakiis the on trees hard b - ings, and divers them with its Japanese term for it. A Vegetables, are beds, to be tran hasien rft acquired about bes qed in length, of Onions exhibit great ccs ance; celery has a few ches in length, and garlicks are seen through straw that covers their bed. eful convenient f for a voyage, as sea- sue out Mustard-Plants, or Ky-tsy, in holes filled with ashes. This herb is distinguished for its broad leaf Veined with red. th covered with bigs wi di 1E g ga H F Í dag the Whnt and Gardener oe cn appearance at table; but the do not thrive ih in the ihono; as the bark is apt to crack and secrete a gummy exuda- tion gs Pumeloes are ripe but small, un- enticing and not hiers duin. They are called rind of the stunted sort, k made into boxes. -|The ee ow is now in grea abun xf dog ; are steame and passengers, at an early hour. On me are now aero = of easy rchase. The bulbs small, and, Lee through the vm ceeding crop, till the sprin; still continues to flower, but the leaves lose their freshness; and the flowers, some of their scent. The Chrysanthemum is seen in pots but seldom in flower-beds, since the -residence of the gentry checks the love of display. oe Pyrethrum Indicum, or n f the natives, is now fit for c rfi the leaves appear in the stems not yet developed. A cabbage called ** Ky-lan-tsy,” gres st esa ehe the peg and Attus kin habitations which t kin leaf binding its footstalk to the stem About the middle of the month the arrives, and utters its wintry note by the side of a pool or river, on the roofs ings and objects in the neighbour man. E vy cpm distinguished ! z ae = beauty (p qu kasd and the various DR raped which wot from the grass at every | retired their tion on stems of grass and the stalks of of Sand-wasp (Am- me and draw them welcome, Crow otherwise, because I want, I want, (Caw, Caw). ling, or ** King- | chow,” wee its gay piebald greci | An epe arrives from the emnes. to report belonging to the Steamer, at 2 PM, At 2 AM. start for the Steamer in com- y from the Auth ' and obtained a pilot for her at t the Sta tation. | Return to Foo-chow. Start for the ’ in co pany with a bipes from the Fan-tae w on the even and return to Foo-cho in His Excellency arrives at Foo-chow, Takes a ien - the City from the Pa- goda in orning. In the after- noon bendi a visit from the Chinese Authorities, Starts in the Proserpine. 247 XII. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by plants at different periods of the day. Second Series. — By Jonn Linpuey, Ph. D., F. R. S. Ix a previous part of this Volume has been given a detailed ac- count of certain observations upon the growth of plants, and of the inferences which appeared to be deducible from them. Those observations were however made upon plants placed in the at- mosphere of a stove, and therefore it appeared desirable to insti- tute a similar enquiry into the rate of growth in the open air, under the ordinary conditions to which vegetation is exposed in this climate. For this purpose one specimen of each of the following species, viz., the Hop, Vine, Sweet Willow, Scarlet Running Kidney Bean, Fig, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Gourd, was planted in front of a vinery in a sheltered situation favourable for their quiet growth, and their increase in length was noted three times daily. The periods for the observations were fixed at 4 o'clock in the morning so as to ascertain the growth during darkness, at noon so as to obtain the growth in the cooler part of the day, and at 8 P.M., up to Which period the plants would have been exposed to the influence of the hottest and driest part of the 24 hours. The duty of watching the experiments was intrusted to Mr. Joseph Holmes who examined the plants most carefully for two months, during which time 1011 observations were collected. It has not however appeared necessary to print at length the August observations, because they convey no information beyond what is furnished by the July experiments, as detailed in the following tables, 248 Upon the rate of growth by Plants, Observations on the growth ofthe Hop, taken at 4 A. M. (Night), 12 Noon (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON. as. Hm : eS. s g FE g | 858 g | 5ga 3 &^ ; |RemarksontheWeather| $ & Z | Remarks on the Weather at E Expo, | Remarks on the Weather 2] 9 "PP at4 A. M. $ gza 12 Noon. 8 go at 8 P. M, e $85 ic $8 i: $ 8o ZE zES Zs Jul.| In. In, In. 2 aS á dd Er P .95 w Overcast 3 |1.33 564 | Cloudy .95 59 ( loudy, little wiha .26 60 Ditto, calm 4| 4 56 ainy 91 61 Ditto, brisk wind 1.13 63 Cloudy 5 | 68 594 Overcast 85 624 ] itto, little wind 3.32 62 Ditto , 6| .95 55 Cloudy 55 60 Ditto, calm 1.04 634 Ditto, mild 7} 478 59 Overcast, mild .90 621 | Overcast, calm 3.94 63 8| .70 57 itto .95 62% | Clear at al 2.08 664 | Clear, fine, calm 9 |1.35 614 udy, 3.08 65 | Very fine sun, little wind ||2.52 674 | Ditto, ditto, mild 10 | .63 604 | Clear, fine, (dew) .70 58 Ditto and light clouds 18 67 it iius mild 1] |3.15 63 lear, mild 1.55 66 Di 1.85 67 12 | .92 604 | Cloudy .94 60 Showery, brisk wind 2.80 6 Cloudy, showery 13 |1.35 57 — 1.00 604 | Ditto 1.37 624 14 | 1.20 60 Clear, se wind 1.15 614 | Clear, brisk wind 30 61 Clear and fine 15 |1.28 57 Clear, very fine 1.44 624 | Clearanddry, qo ow 1.83 65 Ditto 16 | .44 55 Slightly « overt .83 È Overcast, little 78 6} to WiN 54 lear 1.64 604 | Slight haze, little ha 1.43 65 Cloudy, fine 18 | .59 56 Cloudy, calm 2 04 62 Very fine, little aed 97 62 ear 19 | .80 52 | Ditto 1.22 | 654 |] ine thunder show 14 60 | Cloudy, mild 20 | .63 524 | Clear .78 59 Cl pM hot, little bt 1.80 645 T, 21 | .73 54 Ditto, calm .66 614 | Di 1.96 644 22 |2.80 | 55 | Ditto 2236| 66 |! eat sun, sultry 2.21) 72 right sun, sultry 23 | 2.75 624 | Ditto 2.97 70% | Ditto 70 75% | Clear, fine, sult 24 |2.14 | 654 | Very fine, mild 1.51 | 714 ot, sultry, slight haze ||2.85 | 744 r, calm 25 | 39 62 oggy, mi 1.68 69 itto 2.59 76% | Cloudy, mild 26 (3.68 | 664 | Cloudy, calm 1.5| 664 loudy, little wind 1.23 | 66 , fin 27 |2.40 594 dy 1.30 654 | Clear, very fine, dry 3.55 67$ 28 |3.30 | 594 | Clear, calm 38| 674 |] ne, little wind 36| 67 Cloudy, mild 29 |2.8 58$ | Cloudy slight rain |1.39 | 63 | Hot and dry, brisk wind | 1.72 | 63 | Clear, fine 30 |1.75 56 lou .8 584 |( Nero ast, brisk wind 1.07 61 Showery, cold 31. FE. 57% | Cloudy, cold wind .06 614 | Cloudy, brisk wind 55 604 | Fine, brisk wind 42.02 | 54.81 40.12| 62.62 60.41| 65.17 Total.| Average Total. Average Total.| Average Greatest night growth on the 26th, Least RS Em 16th. Greatest morning growth on the 28th. Least če sa ca. Oii — har growth after rning growth 1.38 ernoon growth — 2.01 Greatest afternoon growth on the pe . Least oe .. oe i at different periods of the Day. .— . 249 Observations on the growth of the Vine,* taken at 4 A. M. (Night), 12 Noon (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON, E Bu g . | Be. cha ERE Sa á B28 £ Eos TI é a |Remarksonthe Weather| € & 2 | Remarks on the Weatherat| = Spe Remarks on the Weather E: e Bg- t4 A. M 2 Fage 12 Noon, 9 PE at 8. P. M. S | fis S | 88s 5 | $85 Jul | In. In In. EE T. = ge T A3 v Overcast 3 | .09 564 Cloudy 05 59 Cloudy, little wind .06 60 Ditto, calm 4 | .04 56 Rainy 09 61 Ditto, brisk wind .03 634 Cloudy 5 | .06 594 | Overcast 06 624 | Ditto, little wind 04 62 Ditto 6 | .07 55 loudy .09 60 Ditto, calm .04 634 | Ditto, mild 7 | .09 59 Overcast, mild .07 624 | Overcast, calm .08 63 Rain 8 | .08 57 | Ditto .05 621 | Clear at interval .08 664 ear, fine, calm 9 | .06 614 | Cloudy, calm .07 65 Very fine sun, little wind || .08 674 | Ditto, ditto, mild 10 | .09 60% | Clear, fine, (dew) .05 58 Ditto and light clouds .03 674 | Cloudy, mild ll | .08 63 Clear, mild .06 66 Ditto 07 674 i 12 | .10 604 | Cloudy .09 60 £ howery, brisk wind .08 604 | Cloudy, showery 13 | .10 57 Ditto .08 604 | Ditto .05 624 | Rain 14 | .11 60 Clear, E wind .08 614 | Clear, brisk w 04 61 Clear and fine 15 | .13 57 Clear, very fine .04 624 | Clear 'and irte "ag .03 65 ue 6 | .08 55 Slightly overcast .07 Overcast, little .06 61 7| .07 54 .04 604 | § light haze, little vini .03 65 Clout, fine 8 | .02 56 Cloudy, calm .04 62 Vi ery fine, little wind .04 62 9| .04 52 Ditto .04 654 | Fi under shower .02 60 Cloudy, mild 20 | .09 524 lear .04 59 Clear and hot, little wind || .03 644 | Clear, calm 21 | .02 544 | Ditto, calm .03 614 | Ditto .04 645 | Ditto 2] .04 5 Ditto .09 66 Bright sun, sultry .07 72 Bright su sultry 23 | .07 624 itto 09 704 | Ditt 10 754 | Clear, fine sultry 24 | .08 654 | Very fine, mild 07 714 Hot, sultry, slight haze Al 744 | Clear, calm 25 | .13 Foggy, mi ll Ditto ; 16 76 | Cloudy, mild 26 | .16 664 | Cloudy, calm 18 66} | Cloudy, little wind .10 66 lear, Bm 594 oudy .07 654 | Clear, very fine, dry .20 674 | Ditto à 28 |. 594 | Clear, calm .08 673 | Fine, little wind .20 67 Cloudy, mild 29 1.11 584 Cloudy, slight rain ll Hot and dry, brisk wind || .09 63 Clear, fine 30 | .08 56 .05 584 | Overcast, brisk wind .04 61 Showery, cold : -02 57% | Cloudy, cold wind .05 614 | Cloudy, brisk wind .03 604 | Fine, brisk wind 234 | 54.8 2.04 | 62.62 2.16 | 65.17 Total Av erage. Total Average Total Average Greatest night growth on the 26th. Greatest morning growth on the 26th. Greatest afternoon growth on the 27th, 28th. Least 18th, 21st and 31st. ^ Least i 5 21st. Least ER je m 19th. de e growth .08 rning growt .0 "begun sem 07 * Like the Fig, too recently planted, dry weather setting in. VOL. 111. 2ND SERIES. 2K 250 - Upon the rate of growth by Plants, Observations on the growth of the Sweet Willow, taken at 4 A. M. (Night), 12 Noon (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT. | MORNING. AFTERNOON. nm rm a6. alal FN a | E75 g | 822 » $ Èm 3 |Remarkson the Weather| $ =F | Remarks on the Weather at | $ Ea; | Remarks on the Weather = E P PM at4 A.M 2 gTa 12 Noon. 2 go at 8 P. M. e | 888 9S1 eee SI 228 ZE Aas eZ Jul.| In In. In $1 T i di bx EN Ue EU T as Overcast 3|. 564 | Cloudy .16 59 Cloudy, — wind .20 60 Ditto, calm 4| .17 564 | Rainy .24 61 o, brisk wind .07 634 S id 5|] 15 594 | Overcast 10 624 Ditto, ke wid .16 62 Ditt 6 | .14 55 .14 60 Ditto, calm as 634 Ditto, mild 7} 13 59 Overcast, mild 16 624 eras calm .19 Rain 8 | .14 57 Ditto 24 624 | Clear at intervals .24 664 | Clear, fine, calm 9 | .13 61k | Cloudy, calm M 65 Very fine sun, little wind || .25 673 | Ditto, ditto, mild 10 | .16 604 | Clear, fine, (dew) .21 58 Pitto and light clouds 7 67$ | Cloudy, mild 11 6 63 ear, mild .28 66 ES 674. | Ditto 12 £87 604 | Cloudy .12 60 Shower, brisk wind at 604 | Cloudy, showery 18 ] .1 57 i E 604 15 62% | Rain 14 | .13 60 | Clear, brisk wind 13 614 Chee brisk wind fe Clear and fine 15 | .11 57 Clear, very fine .12 624 | Clearand dry, little wind || .35 65 Ditto 16 | .18 55 Slightly overcast 18 56 Overcast, little wind „lá 61 Ditto 17 | .13 54 | Clear 12 604 | Slight haze, little wind || .12 65 | Cloudy, fine 18 | .10 56 Cloudy, calm 1M 62 Very DN ate mind .10 62 Cle 19 | .10 52 Ditto .23 65% Fine, thu show CET 60 Cloudy, mild 20 | .09 524 | Clear 2 59 Fleas and run little wind .10 644 | Clear, calm 21 1.15 54 Ditto, calm .13 6l} .08 644 | Ditto 33 | .07 55 Ditto 14 66 Bright sun, sultry .23 Bright sun, sultry 23 413 624 | Ditto 21 704 | Di 26 75% | Clear, fine, sultry 24 | 23 654 | Very fine, mild .10 714 Hot, sultry, slight haze || .10 744 | Clear, calm 25 | :15 62 Foggy, mild 13 69 Ditto .10 76% | Cloudy, mild 26 | .09 | 664 | Cloudy, calm .13 66} | Cloudy, little wind 13 Clear, fine 27 | .10 59} | Cloudy .10 654 | Clear, very fine, dry .13 674% | Ditto 38 | .15 594 | Clear, calm 24 674 Hine, little wind .26 ( de mild 39 | .14 584 | Cloudy, slight rain || .15 63 Hot and dry, brisk wind || .21 63 Clear, fine 30 | .10 56 Cloudy .20 584 Cel: brisk wind 17 61 f wein “cold 31 | .08 574 | Cloudy, cold wind || .13 614 | Cloudy, brisk wind .10 604 | Fine, brisk wind 3.77 | 54.81 4.81 | 62.62 5.13 | 65.17 Total Average Total Average Total | Average Greatest night growth on the 24th. Greatest wins growth on the Greatest afternoon growth on the 11th. Least e - — 22nd. Least 5th, 24th and 2r lm i i: ms Av night growth .13 — —— morning growth .16 afternoon growth 1 at different periods of the Day. 251 Observations on the growth of the Scarlet Runner, taken at 4 A. M. (Night), 12 Noon (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON. as iz AB. j| Bn a | fag 4. Bi» i $ Ea |Remarks on the Weather| $= =z | Remarks on the Weather at z Ea | Remarks on the Weather E: g SET at 4 A. M. 2 RPE 12 Noon. e S7o ats P. M. 9 | 288 1 a 9 | RES Jul,| In. In. In. Zr. es 5 si ‘$ - T ys 34 S Overcast 3| .29 564 Cloudy 36 59 Cloudy, little ines 52 60 Ditto, calm 5 12 564 Rainy 1.80 61 Ditto, brisk w 1.72 634 | Cloudy 5 | .66 594. Overcast 3.10 624 Ditto, little meg a7 62 Ditto 6| .51 55 Cloudy .85 60 Ditto, calm .60 634 | Ditto, mild 7 | 40 59 Overcast, mild .28 624 | Overcast, ene 3.15 63 PESOS. 57 Ditto AT 624 | Clear at interv: 3.37 664 | Clea ) | .86 614 | Cloudy, calm 2.91 65 Very fine sun, little wind || 1.27 674 Ditto, dus mild ) | 65 60} | Clear, fine, (dew) 1 58 Ditto and light clouds 1.63 675 PT 2.95 63 Clear, mild .80 66 Ditto 1.55 674 2 | 1.22 604 | Cloudy 55 60 Showery, brisk wind 1.10 604 Cloudy, showery S 1325 57 Ditto -92 604 Ditto 48 624 Rai 56 60 iain E wind 2.43 614 | Clear, brisk wind 75 61 Clear and fine 98 57 Cle fi 74 624 | Clear and dry, wr. wa .82 65 Ditto .62 55 Slightly overcast 2.91 56 ( iun. little w .67 61 Ditto 58 54 Clear 2.69 604 | Slight haze, little wind 83 65 Cloudy, fine 3| .70 56 Cloudy, calm 3.04 62 Very fine, little inn 74 62 ear ) | .68 52 Ditto 2.54 654 | Fine, thunder show .85 60 Cloudy, mild ) | 52 52} | Clear 3.04 59 lear and hot, little id .95 644 + calm 21} 82} 544 Ditta, calm -65 | 614 itto 3.54 | 644 | Ditt 32| "4| | 55 Ditt 2.98 66 right sun, sultry 1.97 72 Bright sun, sultry 23 | .64 624 | Ditt 2.91 704 | Ditto 1.42 754 | Clear, fine, sultry 24 | .75 654 Very me e 2.75 714 | Hot, sultry, slight haze ||2.10 74% | Clear, calm : 65 62 Foggy, m 3.40 69 Ditto 1.77 76% | Cloudy, mild 26 | .75 664 Cloudy, c e 3.00 664 | Cloudy, little wind 2.14 66 Clear, 27 |.12| 594 | Cloud 85 | 654 | Clear, very fine, dry 3.93 | 674 28| 74) 594 Eiesaa calm 67 674 | Fine, little wind 3.59 | 67 | Cloudy, mild : ) |1.68 Cloudy, slight rain .87 63 Hot and dry, brisk wind || 3.87 63 cus 30| .70| 56 Cloudy 97 584 | Overcast, brisk wind 96 61 Showery, cold 31| 65| 57} | Cloudy, cold wind || .92 | 614 | Cloudy, brisk wind 66 | 604 | Fine, brisk wind —| 23.11] 54.81 50.21] 62.62 47.51| 65. ‘otal Average. Total Average | Total.| Average mene night growth on the 11th. Greatest morning growth on the 25th. SRM afternoon growth on the 2 bed ent . - 3rd. Least se e 7th. Average Bs growth «49 ————- morning growth 1.73 cio growth 1.57 252 Observations on the growth of the Fig,* taken at 4 A. M. (Night) 12 Noon, Upon the rate of growth by Plants, (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON. Wm rx H. 3E IL RE. g| 8*8 à | ass 3 E 4 emarks onthe Weather| E &<% | Remarks on the Weather at t & aa, | Remarks onthe Weather a e - at4 A. M E FPE 12 Noon. E "PE at 8 P. M. x 3 S58 SES Jul.| In. In. In. | IUS T vs $ zx ae 5 vs Overcast 81.04 56% | Cloudy a 59 Cloudy, little vind an 60 Ditto, calm 4| .03 56 Rainy 31 61 Ditto, brisk wi .08 634 | Cloudy 5| .16 594 | Overcast 31 624 | Ditto, little wind .07 62 Ditto — 6 | .04 55 Cloudy 27 60 Ditto, cal 14 634 pa mild TF 09 59 — mild 07 624 | Overcast, .06 63 Rai 8| .08| 57 Ditto .08 624 ex at — A 66$ |t lear ear, fine, calm 9| .05 614 | Cloudy, c .06 65 ry fine sun, little wind || .02 67$ | 1 itto, ditto, mild EP 6 Mo ine (dew) 18 58 one ay light clouds .05 67 Cloudy, mild PALORI 63 10 66 Ditto .06 67% | Ditto 12 | .03 604 eode 16 60 | Showery, brisk wind .05 60% ven showery 13 | .04 57 Ditto 13 604 | Ditto .09 624 14 | .09 60 Clear, brisk wind .05 614 | Clear, brisk .08 61 nr and fine 15 13 57 Clear, very fine 06 624 | Clearand iyi little wind || .05 65 tto 16 | .08 55 Slightly overcast 04 56 Overcast, litt 17 61 Ditto 7| .09 54 ear 08 604 | Slight haze, eia e wind 03 65 oudy, fine 18 | .03 6 Cloudy, calm .03 62 Very fine, li 02 62 Cle : to P... 52 | Ditto .02 654 | Fine, thundershowers || .03 60. | Cloudy, mild 306 E 524 | Clear .03 59 | Clear and hot, little wind || .03 64& | Clear, calm 21| .01 544 | Ditto, calm 03 614 | Ditto 02 644 | Ditto 22 | .06 55 Ditto .02 66 ] = sun, sultry = 72 Bright sun, sultry 23 | .09 624 | Ditto 13 704 | Di .04 75% | Clear, try 24 | .16 654 | Very fine, mild E 724 |] E sultry, slight haze || .04 74$ | Clear, cain 25 | .06 62 | Foggy mild 10 69 |Di 0 764 | Cloudy, mild 26 | .04 | 664 | Cloudy, calm .16 66} | ved little wind .02 66 | Clear, fine 27 | .04 594 | Cloudy .05 654 | Clear, very fine 04 674 | Ditto : 38 | .04 | 594 | Clear, calm 07 674 | Fine, li nd .06 67 | Cloudy, mild 20 F. .. 584 | Cloudy, slight rain 12 63 Hot, and dry, brisk wind|| .05 63 Clear, tin jd 30 | .03 56 loud .07 584 | Overcast, brisk wind = 61 Showery, co: d 31|..02| 574 | Cloudy, cold wind || .06 | 614 | Cloudy, brisk wind 05 604 | Fine brisk win 1.63 | 54.81 3.16 | 62.62 2.12 || 65.17 Total. | Average Total.| Averare Total.|; Average. Greatest FARN growth on the 15th, 24th. Least 10th, 19th, 20th, and 29th, Greatest morning growth on the 3d. Least e ES vs 24th Average ne growth .05 — e growth 10 rien. n growth 07 * The Fig having been recently planted, and the Season being very dry, this iment is not n growth on the 3d. Grestest utem E hae ise would have proved Dei E cer cae EQ NE E e We sor GERA (TT aed? SIENTO IM at different periods of the Day. | 253 Observations on the growth of the J erusalem Artichoke taken at 4 A, M. (Night), 12 Noon (Morning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July 1844. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON. 2| 223 zt fu ; | ffs 3| E &^ a |RemarksontheWeather| € &<2Z | Remarks on the Weather at t e ne Remarks on the Weather £15 gas at 4A. M. E gas 12 Noon. É | sz at 8 P. M, $88 sis dix Jul.|In In. In £l. $i. n: ix d ; 8 - Overcast 3| .26 564 | Cloudy 69 59 Cloudy, little wind .38 0 Ditto, calm 4| .36 564 | Rainy .92 61 0, brisk wind .48 634 lou 5 | .58 59% | Overcast .63 624 Dito, little wind E 62 Ditto 5 | .47 55 Cloud -75 60 Ditto, calm 45 634 | Ditto, mild FI 62 59 Overcast, mild .38 62b | Ov .78 63 1 726.1. 5 i 40 624 | Clear at in 56 664 | Clear, fine, calm 9 | .51 614 | Cloudy, calm 40 65 Very fine sun, little wind | .42 674 | Ditto, Ditto, mild 10 | .27 60$ | Clear, fine (dew) .67 58 a and light clouds 31 674 | Cloudy, mild OS 6 Clear, mild 37 66 Di 36 674 itto 2| 18| 60} loud 4 60 Showery, brisk wind .29 604 | Cloudy, showery 3 |23 57 itto 24 604 | Di 30 624 | Ra l4 | .33 60 Clear, brisk wind Al 614 |< id brisk 43 61 Clear and fine 15 | .21 57 Clear, very fine 14 624 | Clear andd ie little wind | .10 65 Ditto 1 3|25]| 55 Slightly overcast 40 56 | Overcast, little wind 6 61 | || .12| 54 | Clear .26 604 | Slight haze, little wind 19 65 | Cloudy, fine T )] n 56 Cloudy, calm 7 62 Very fine, little = | -19 62 Clea a ET-.07 52 Ditto 19 654 | Fine thunder show 14 60 Cloudy, mild s 20| .10 528 | Clear 21 59 = a hot, little wind | 07 644 mw calm à , .05 54$ | Ditto, calm 15 614 | Di | 36 64} | Di 22 | .11 55 — 40 66 ] right sun, sultry 19 72 Bright sun, ert 23 | .25 | 62} | Ditt 31| 70% | Ditto 13 | 754 | Clear, fine, sutlry 24| 14] 654 Ves fine, mild 361. T ot, sultry, slight haze || .37 744 | Clear, calm 25 | .16 62 | Foggy, mild .49 69 itto 44 764 | Cloudy, mild e i su calm 1.06 | 663 | Cloudy, little wind 34 a AS — fine : : : udy 48 654 | Clear, very fine, dry .33 ! 28 | .34 | 594 | Clear, calm 43 | 67} | Fine, little wind J6| 67 Cloudy, m mild 29 | .55 | 583 | Cloudy, slightrain || .41 | 63 | Hot anddry, brisk wind | .26 | — 63 E 1 ) | 33 56 Cloudy .13 58k Overcast, brisk wind 17 61 "ras p di | E 14 57% | Cloudy, cold wind 18 614 |€ D brisk wind .24 604 | Fine, brisk wind 8.28 | 54.81 12.27 | 62.62 98 17 Total Average Total.| Average | Total.| Average Greatest night growth on the 7th. Greatest morning growth on the 26th. Greatest afternoon growth on the 7th. Least $05 3e. iae Least s s 30th. Least ES b 20th. ATE I Leges 28 ng growth 42 satin growth 33 254 Upon the vate of the growth by Plants, - Hor Observations on the growth of the Spanish Gourd, taken at 4 A. M. (Night), 12 Noon, (Moning), and 8 P. M. (Afternoon), during July, 1844. NIGHT MORNING. AFTERNOON. EET EE FEN 3 t & s; |Remarkson the Weather t ÍZ | Remarks on the Weather at || & PA | Remarks on the Weather be 2 Sg at 4 A. M. 2 ge 12 Noon. 5 ggo at 8 P. M. ? | $88 S LLORAR Sge Jul.| In In. In. Él Vv v oe v 1.01 " Overcast 9.87 564 | Cloudy 45 59 Cloudy, little wind 8 60 Ditto, calm 4 | .62 564 | Rainy .92 61 Ditto, brisk wind .93 634 loudy 5 | .80 594 | Overcast 69 624 .| Ditto, iun wind .90 62 jitto 6 | .84 Cloudy .50 60 ua 1.15 634 |] itto, mild 7 | .82 59 Overcast, mild 69 624 m 74 63 Rain 8| .73 5 a - 1.34 625 ao s interv als 2.34 664 | Clear, fine, calm 9 | 1.49 614 1.20 65 Very fine sun, little wind || 2.83 67% | 1 tto, ditto, mild 10 | .77 604 Clear, the, (dew) 1.18 58 Dm and light clouds 20 67% | Cloudy, mild 11 [1.91 63 2.20 66 52 67$ Ditto 12 [1.97 604 Soule” 1.47 60 Showers, brisk wind 1.47 604 | Cloudy, showery 13 | 1.20 57 Ditto 1.55 604 1.13 62% Rain 14 | 1.43 60 Clear, brisk wind 1.09 614 C inf brisk w .28 61 Clear and fine 15 |1.28 57 Clear, very fine 1.11 624 | Clear and dy wind || 1.14 65 Ditto 16 {1.22 55 Slightly overcast 10 56 Overcast, little wind 46 61 Ditt 17|.82| 54 39 | 604 | Slight haze, little wind || 1.57 65 oudy, fine 18 | 1.02 56 Cloudy, calm 1.08 62 Very fine, little wind 27 62 Clear 19 |1.30 | 52 | Ditto 76 | 56} | Fine, thunder shower ||1.06| 60 | Cloudy, mild 20| .71| 524 | Clear 56| 59 | Clearand hot, little wind || 1.38 | 644 | Clear, calm 21| .50 54k | Ditto, calm 75 614 | Ditto tI 644 | Di 92 | 43 | 55 — | Ditto 89 | 66 | Bright sun, sultry 82 72 | Bright sun, sultry 23 | .50 624 | Ditto 24 et 21.23 19.52 28.53 Total. Total. Total. borea mem eden x the 12th. 2nd, 23rd. Greatest morning growth on the 11th. Least v ae 17th. ae bee p 1.01 ing growt d MUR ed 1.35 Greatest afternoon growth on the 9th. Least m .. Tth, at different periods of the Day. 255 Table shewing the amount of growth of all the foregoing plants during the months of both July and August. NIGHT. MORNING. AFTERNOON. Hop : : July 42.02 (1.44 ay.) 40.12 (1.38 av.) + 60.41 (2.01 av.) Vine . July + 2.34 (.08 av.) 2.04 (.07 av.) 2.16 (.07 ay.) August .86 * 1.94 1.64 Sweet Willow ti July 8.77 (.18 av.) 4.81 (.16 av.) +5.13 (.17 av.) August 2.16 3.79 T 4.44 Scarlet Runner . July 23.11 (.79 av.) + 50.21 (1.73 av.) 47.15 (1.57 av.) August 8.86 9.93 + 11.32 ' Fig ; v" Jy 1.63 (.05 av.) +3.16 (.10 av.) 2.12 (.07 av.) August Py i +1.50 1.07 Jerusalem Artichoke July 8.23 (.28 av.) + 12.27 (.42 av.) 9.98 (.33 av.) August 4.15 +7.09 6.95 Spanish Gourd . July 21.23 (1.01 av.) 19.52 (.97 av.) + 28.53 (1.35 av.) Total 119.07 156.26 180.90 e The examination of these tables shews that the same discrepan- cies as were remarked on the former occasion, when the plants under observation were growing in a hothouse, occur when the plants are exposed to the open air; and prove conclusively that those discrepancies were not owing to the artificial state in which the experimental specimens were placed. The period of the day at which the greatest growth takes place still proves to be the afternoon, if all the experiments are regarded as but one; for the numbers stand thus: night 119.07, morning 156.26, afternoon 180.90 ; but when the experiments are separated it then appears that the period of maximum growth varies with the species; in the Hop, Sweet Willow and the Gourd it was the afternoon ; in the Fig and Jerusalem Artichoke it was the morning ; in the Vine it was the night in July and the morning in August ; in the Scarlet Runner the morning in July and the afternoon in August. Itis especially worthy of observation that this does not correspond with the observations of 1843, for at that time the Willow, which in 1844 grew upon the whole fastest in the after- 256 Upon the rate of growth by Plants, noon, that is to say in the hottest and brightest part of the 24 hours, increased most in the morning which was the coolest and most overcast. So again the Fig grew fastest in 1844 when exposed to the cool of the morning, and uninterrupted light ; but in 1843 its maximum growth took place, between 6 in the afternoon and 12 at night, at which time it could have received little or no sunshine. If we attempt to reconcile these conflicting results we shall find the separate as perplexing as the general observations. For in- stance, the greatest morning growth of the Jerusalem Artichoke and the Vine took place on the 26th; but at the same time the Hop, Sweet Willow and Fig were growing slowly, and even the Scarlet Runner, which resembled the Vine and Artichoke most nearly, had not reached its maximum. The greatest afternoon growth of the Jerusalem Artichoke and the Hop was on the 7th, but at that time the Vine, which had previously corresponded with the former, scarcely exceeded its average rate; the growth of the Scarlet Runner was considerable; the Fig however was below its average, and the Gourd had reached its minimum. So again on the 3rd, when the Hop grew slower than at any other period during the month, the Fig made its maximum growth ; on the 27th while the Vine and Scarlet Runner grew fastest, the Fig grew slowest, and the same thing happened between these plants on the 97th. Similar instances will be found on an attentive scrutiny of the tables. If however, there are so mauy instances of discrepancy, there are also some of correspondence. Thus, the Jerusalem Artichoke and the Vine not only made their maximum morning growth on the 26th, but their minimum night growth on the 21st; " like manner the Fig and the Sweet Willow which made their maximum night growth on the 24th, also made their minimum morning growth at the same time: an unexpected result amidst so much conflicting matter, when the totally different nature of the plants is taken into account. These however seem to be at different periods of the Day. 257 mere coincidences, for there is little accordance between the plants at other times; for example, if we compare the Vine and Jerusalem Artichoke as to their rate of growth at other periods near to those when they are alike, we again find nothing but dissimilitude. Thus, Vine. Jerusalem Artichoke. Night. Morning. Afternoon. Night. Morning. | Afternoon, (.08 av.) (.07 av.) (.07 av.) (.28 av.) (.42 av.) (.33 av.) July 20 09 .04 03 10 21 07 21 —.02 .08 .04 —.05 15 36 22 .09 ,07 l 40 19 25 13 LI .16 16 44 26 16 +.18 .10 55 + 1.06 34 27 11 07 .20 29 7 33 Here we see that although the Vine and Sweet Willow agreed on two occasions very near about the same time, they otherwise differed in the most singular manner. In the night of July 20th, the Vine was just above its average, but the Jerusalem Artichoke was not half way up to its average; and so on in the other cases. If we next proceed to examine what the circumstances were which favoured or retarded the growth of the experimental plants, it will be found that there is scarcely more possibility of deter- mining that point than of reconciling their differences with each other. Plants are always said to grow fastest during a thunder storm, the peculiar electrical state of the atmosphere at that time being regarded peculiarly favourable to growth. Heat also is looked upon as a powerful cause of rapid developement, especially if in combina- tion with moisture ; on the other hand, cold is thought to produce the contrary effect. Finally a brisk wind, as well as bright light, is believed to impede vegetation, while warm overcast weather is favourable to growth. But the actual results hardly confirm those opinions. VOL, Ill, 2ND SERIES. 2L 258 Upon the rate of growth by Plants, On July 19th, there was a thunder storm in the morning, the thermometer being 654°. The growth of the experimental plants on that occasion was as follows: Hop 1.22 or .16 below the average. Y e .04 or .03 below the average. S imer i ki Gourd t š .76 or .31 below the average. So that on this occasion, when the atmosphere was highly charged with electricity, five out of the seven experimental plants grew considerably below the average rate, and of the others one but little exceeded it. It might perhaps be supposed that the influence of the thunder storm would be felt shortly before and after its occurrence, rather than during its continuance; but that was not the fact. | On the occasion in question the growths immediately before and after the thunder storm were as follows: Before. Hop . . . .80 or .64 below the average Vine " ; t .04 or .06 below do. Willow - dee .10 or .03 below do Scarlet Runner A .68 or .11 below do Fig ^ .00 or .05 below do + Artichoke Gourd 1.30 or So that in every instance .07 or. . .29 above do. After. 1.14 or .87 below the average l o. .02 or .05 below .11 or .06 below .85 or .72 below .03 or .04 4 or. 1.06 or .29 below except one the average rate of growth was diminished, instead of being increased, and the night growth of the Fig was arrested altogether, an event which only happened on six other occasions, and then under cireumstances equally unintel- ligible; on one of those occasions the thermometer was 587^ with rain; on another 714° and hazy. For the purpose of ascertaining the real effect of both high and low temperatures, the following tables have been drawn out. . at different periods of the Day. Rate of growth under the highest Temperature. Night. Morning. Afternoon. Temp. th relati Temp Growth relative to | Temp. | Growth relative to average. average. average. Hop 654 2.14 or .70 above | 714 1.51 or .12 above | 764 | 2.52 or .51 above 664 | 3.63 or 2.49 above 9 1.68 or .30 above | 75$ | 2.70 or .69 above Vine 2% à . | 654 .08 or average 714 .07 or average 764 .16 or .09 above 664 .l6 or .8 above 69 -ll or .04 above | 75% .10 or .63 above Sweet Willow. . | 65} | .23 or .10 above | 714 10 or .04 below | 76% .10 or .07 below 664 .09 or .04 below | 69 13 or .03 below | 75% .26 or .09 above Scarlet Runner . | 654 75 or .04 below | 71% | 2.75 or 1.02 above | 764 | 1.77 or .20 above 664 .15 or .04 below | 69 3.40 or 1.67 above | 754 | 1.42 or .15 above Fig . . . | 65} 46 or .ll above | 713 .00 or .19 below | 764 .05 or .02 below 664 .04 or .01 below | 69 .10 or average 754 .04 or .03 below Jerusalem Artichoke | 654 14 or .14 below | 714 | .360r .06 below | 765 44 or .11 above | 664 .55 or .27 above | 69 .49 or .07 above | 75$ .13 or .20 below Gourd 63 | 191or .90above | 654 | .760r .21 below | 72 | 820r .53 below | 2.83 or 1.48 above 624 .50 or .61 below | 66 .89 or .08 below | 67} | 2.20 or .85 above | 1.52 or .17 above | Here we have no intelligible result, but the testimony is just as conflicting as in other cases. It is true that both the Hop and Vine were constantly above their average when exposed to the highest temperature, and at all periods of the day; that both these plants and the Sweet Willow and Fig, acquired their maximum night growth under those circumstances ; that the Gourd also gained its greatest afternoon increase on one occasion of the highest tem- perature. But, on the other hand, while on one occasion a night temperature of 651^ gave the Willow its maximum growth, another night temperature of 663° resulted in .04 below the average; in- deed the Willow was below the average in 4 out of 6 instances of highest temperature. Then we find the Scarlet Runner always below the average at night at the very moment when others were acquiring their maximum ; and in the ease of the Gourd, which was exposed to an afternoon temperature of 674° for three successive days, although on the first day it acquired its maximum, yet on the 2nd day afterwards it had fallen so low as .17 above the average, the circumstances remaining to all appearance the same. 260 Upon the rate of growth by Plants, Rate of growth under the /owest Temperature. Night. Morning. Afternoon. Temp. | Growth relative to | Temp. Growth relative to | Temp, Growth relative to average. average. average Hop : A 52 .80 or .64 below 56 .83 or .55 below 60 | 1.14 0r .37 below 52 .63 or .81 below 58 .70 or .68 below 604 | 1.55 or .46 below Vine i : 52 .04 or .04 below 56 .07 or average 60 .02 or .05 below 524 .09 or .01 above 58 .05 or .02 below 604 .03 or .04 below Sweet Willow . 52 10 or .03 below 56 .18 or .02 above” 60 -ll or .06 below 524 .09 or .04 below 8 .21 or .05 above 604 10 or .07 below f .68 or .09 below 56 2 91 or 1.18 abore 60 .85 or .72 below Scarlet Runner 52 524 .52 or .27 below 58 .71 or 1.72 below 603 .66 or .91 below FE S ` : 52 .0 or .05 below 56 .04 or .06 below 60 .03 or .04 below 524 .0 or .05 below 58 18 or .08 above 604 .05 or .02 below Jerusalem Artichoke | 52 .07 or .21 below 56 .40 or .02 below 60 14 or .19 below 524 .lO or .18 below 58 .67 or .25 above 604 | .24 or .09 below Gourd ; 4 52 1.30 or .29 above 56 .70 or .27 below 60 1.06 or .29 below 524 .7l or .30 below 58 1.18 or .21 above 61 1.46 or .11 above In this instance it is evident that in general the lowest tempera- tures were unfavourable to growth. But it is to be observed that the Vine attained its minimum growth on only one of these occa- sions(in the afternoon); that the Fig indicated the minimum night growth on two occasions; and, what is most inexplicable, we have 9 cases of the growth being actually above the average in presence of the lowest temperatures: such tender plants as the Fig, the Scarlet Runner and the Gourd (on three occasions out of six) be- ing the species in which this singular anomaly took place. It does not seem desirable to extend these tables further: for if the observations are analysed for the effects of wind or bright light, there are the same inexplicable discrepancies. Indeed the average of the afternoon growth being so much higher than that of the morning, as was shown in the table at p. 255, seems to render an examination into the effect of light superfluous ; for it must be admitted that on an average we have more light between noon and 8 P. M., the time of the afternoon observations, than in either of the other periods. E : at different periods of the Day. 261 I think no physiologist could have anticipated such results as these. They are in fact so much at variance with what could have been expected, that I should have been inclined to doubt the accuracy of the observations themselves, if I did not know that they were conducted with most scrupulous exactness, and by the method already described in my former report, (see page 103.) This seems as little open to error as any plan that could be con- trived, and I have no doubt of its being a true representation of the facts as they occurred. It therefore seems more than ever certain, that the conclusion to which the former observations pointed was correct, namely, that some agent, distinct from heat, light, or moisture, is in operation, the nature of which we have at present no means of ascertaining. PAL BOOKSELLERS IN ALL NGDOM. - E m fn te ». E < Be SECOND. SERIES. PRINTED, BY W. NICOL, &&, PALL-MALL. [S » = E z E bs a AN vo MÀ » TNA JŽ [Lis » ( IN WONG i ADVERTISEMENT. | 4 Tus Committee appointed by the Horticultural Society to direét — ‘the publication of the Papers read before them, take this opportu- ` y to inform the Public, that the grounds of their choice are, and i continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, } the advantageous manner of treating them, without pretending | to answer for the certainty ofthe facts, or the propriety of the rea- sonings, contained in the several Papers so published ; which must. still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective Authors. established rule of this Society, to which they will always. adhere, x never t ) give their opinion, as a body, upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And, therefore, the thanks which are proposed from the Chair, to be given to the Authors of such Papers as are read at the General Meetings, or to the Persons who send fruits, or other vegetable productions, or exhibit Inven- tions = various kinds to the Society wt are to be conga in no ley m n to > the Society by these communications. - | Pa z : ri Poieni = 1 dm cuc -. It is likewise necessary, on this occasion, to remark, that itis an oe Due, lt are CONTENTS. I. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1841. By Mr. Rosert Tuompson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society’s Garden. p. 1 II. On the Oxalis Deppei, and its Cultivation as a culinary plant. By Mr. Rosert THompson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. p. 29 III. Experiments on the Inorganic Constituents of Plants. By Epwarp Sorrv, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 35 IV. The Result of some Experiments in the Garden of the Society on the action of Fertilizing Agents upon the Lawn. p. 93 V. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by plants at different periods of the day. By the Vice Secretary. p. 103 VI. Notes of a Visit to Mexico, Guatemala, and Equatorial America, during the Years 1836 to 1843 in search of Plants and Seeds for the Horticultural Society of London. By Mr. THEODORE HanT- WEG, p. 115 VII. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1842. By Mr. RosERT THOMPSON, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society's Garden. p. 163 VIIL On the Exhaustion of Soils. By EDWARD SonLv, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 189 iv CONTENTS. IX. On Seed-steeping. By Epwarp Sorry, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., Hon. Memb. Roy. Agr. Soc. Eng. Experimental Chemist to the Horticultural Society. p. 197 X. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1843. By Mr. Rosert THompson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Society’s Garden. p.211 XI. A Calendar, for four months, of the Weather, Natural History and Country Operations, at Foo-chow-foo. By G. TRADESCANT Lay, Esq., Her Majesty’s Acting Consul at that place. p. 237 XII. Notes made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society upon the rate of growth by Plants at different periods of the Day. Second . Series. By Joun LixprEv, Ph. D., F.R.S. p. 247 XIII. Journal of Meteorological Observations made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, during the year 1844. By Mr. Rozerr TuHompson, Superintendent of the Orchard and Kitchen Garden Department in the Societys Garden. p. 265 GENERAL INDEX. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. Meteorological Diagram for 1841 - - to face page 1 Habrothamnus fasciculatus : k - 124 Achimenes picta = > i : - 161 Meteorological Diagram for 1842 3 - - 163 Ditto Ditto for 1843 * - - 211 1 id f the Horticultural Society at Chiswick during. the year SECOND SERIES. [ 264 ] JANUARY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1844. È Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. M. | 1|29.606| 33] 331] — Snow & Sleet || 20.562) 37 | 37 | — [Snowing 29.563) 31 | 5! T.| 2|—.485| 32 | 32 | — |Slightly Overcast | —.650| 35 | 35 | — (Clear —.8 23°}: 33 W.| 3|—847| 18 | 18 | — |Severe frost || —.860| 33 | 33 | — Overcast —.626 39| 39 | Th.,|4—.510| 42| 42| — |Haz —.608] 5o | 59, — Ditto —.726 41 | 41 O F.|5|—214| 49 | 49 | — |Overcast —.569| 54| 54| — Ditto —-409, 50| 5o i S.| 6|—.214) 46 — |Mild & fine | —.199| 50 | 5o — Ditto & fine || —4o7| 45| 45|- i S. 7 —.558 40 39 1 |Clear and fine —.558 46 46 — (Clear & fine —.656 30 30 Clear 'osty 2 M.| 8|—.834| 31 | 31 | — Clear, frosty |—.907| 43 | 49 | 3 Fine 0.125} 38 | 38 Slight e T.| 9/30.326| 36 | 32| 4 |Thick haze || 30.320) 37 | 27 | 10 Cold & dry ||—.303| 34| 34 Overcast W.|10| —.1 42 | 42 | — Hazy, drizzly| —.229/ 45 | 45 | — Fine —.291| 36 | 36 Th.|11|—.338| 36 | 36 | — (Slightly Overcast —324| 44| 44 | — |Overcast —.328| 37 oF € F.|12|—237| 37 | 37 | — |Foggy —.120 42 | 42 | — Rai 29.992) 41| 4I S.|13}—.013| 40 | 40 | — [Slight drizzle| —oo4| 43 | 43 | — Heavy clouds | —.988| 38 | 38 S. |14 139| 38 | 38 | — |Hazy and drizzly || —.1,6| 40 | 40 | — Cloudy & fine || 350 312, 34 |. 34 M.|15|—.346| 28 | 26 | 2 |Clear & frosty —.346| 35 | 32 | 3 Ditto & cold | —.317| 29 | 29 T.|16|—.292| 22 | 22 | — |Sharp frost —.252| 35 | 35 | — |Very Fine —.133| 34| 34 W. 17 180 35 33 2 |Slightly Overcast —.186 42 40 2 Cloudy —.197 39 39 Th.|18|—.190| 42 | 42 | — (Overcast —.166| 44| 42 | 2 Overcast —. 150 4L [| 4! @ F.|!9,—.007| 42| 40| 2 Fi 29.932| 48 46 2 |Densely clouded || 29.932) 41 4! S. |20| —.003| 39 | 36 | 3 |Cloudy 30.017} 43 | 32 | 11 Cold and dry 30010 34 34 S |21/29.919| 42 | 40 | 2 Ditto 29 924| 46 | 46 | — Overcast 29-955) 39 | 39 M.|22|—.992| 37 | 37 | — |Hazy —.865| 46 | 43 | 3 |Very fine —gig 30] 39 T.|23|30.0360| 36 | 36 | — 30-052] 45 | 35 | 10 Ditto o.100 40| 49 W.|24|—.184| 36 | 36 | — (Slight fog —.187| 42 | 31 | 11 Ditto —.242 31| 3! Th.|25|—.262| 32 | 32 | — |Frosty —.192 42 | 2 Ditto —.188, 42| 42 F. 26|—.234| 39 | 39 | — |Fine —.225| 46 | 42| 4 —382 37] W {D $.27,.—249| 42 | 42 | — (Cloudy —.20 8| 48 | — Slightrain || —.134) 44| 44 S. |28| 29.891 48 48 | — |Rain 29 833| 53 48 5 9.900, 40 .. M.|29|—977| 39 | 39 | — Clear —.947| 49 | 49 | — ‘Overcast —-745, 49 | 49 ; *|30 920| 45 3 Ditto —.843| 50 40 | IO —.634 38 38 W.|31| — 799 34 | 34 | — |Hail shower || ——.8o1 39 39 | — Stormy showers | —.811, 34 | 34 | — 29.961 |37.35 39.74 |o.61 29.967 | 43.67 pubes: 7207 es pie am [ 265 ] E JANUARY. 7 .. Temperature. Wind. Rain. ‘ Remarks. y. Max | Min, | Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts. 1| 39 | 27 39 23 Ww Little - 43 The year commenced with snow and sleet ; and the t 3| 37 14 40 3 NW | Ditto meter on the night of the znd was 18° below freezing. wich 42 | 32 43 30 WwW Ditto .24 | this exception, however, there were no severe frosts throughout EM | 34 | 50 32 —— | Ditto .o5 | the month; and the temperature was 24° above the rity E of i| 54 59 2 SW | Ditto .40 | nineteen preceding years, the period for which averages mens i 4 4 0| 52 36 60 29 z-—— | PM tioned in these remarks have been calculated. — of EP. 55 24 NW | Ditto rain exceeded the usual quantity by nearly 4 of an ah. Tho | E M | 3 55 33 N Ditto .o1 | morning of dr : zth ane foggy ; ; pee qo r ined rain m | ET 50 2 SE Ditto .o8 | throughout the day and night o mo H 4 oe 5 25 N Ditto .or | remarkable for — showers, forming a succession of hail, | - E 3o 46 28 SW Ditto snow, sleet and rai mor | | 44 34 —— | Ditto .76 : E: e e P Rus ^ et 93 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily ppMDIN E inches. 7" ris en Temperature s... «+++ F.si se 395 mei | 645 ur ——— | Little c— Dew Polit ai. oa ge Ditto...... 041 7 4 E : 3° at Ditto —— Degree of Dryness ..... ds t0...» 9 4 35 Ditto Degree of Moisture . biis irc : 9 4 38 45 34 NW | Ditto F 8h of Vapour ...... ix Liven s 236 inch. | 48 eT 37 w Brisk Least observed degree of Moisture »» e+» «s x d 47 E jp n N Little Maximum Temperature in the Shade e SH 2| 49 | 3 49 33 Ww Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ...... 14°. 3| 45 57 a SW | Ditto — Temperature in the Sun -.-+++- 61%. H 43 e H 3? NE Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ....... 5 | 48 36 T = SW 5 a Mean T'twperatüre of External Air ...+.+- 39 79 9! 48 27 ag eee tto OI E 55 24 NW | Ditto : d a 2t 36 SW Ditto 02 North..... 5 day "N. Beitia 4 days 9 TH ET, 34 W | Brisk .02 South.....- o S. Bist. sisse Pss DOS aU 61 42 SW | Little East... oe O.. | N. West... 4 oe E A A EE 29 wW Brisk .03 West...» 8 ^» | Oy WeMteee ser 9 ia i : NW | Ditt i ie : 31 days. : Amount of Rain ... «eese esee e 2-25 % à 2.25 | dm [ 266 ] FEBRUARY. Morning. i Noon. á Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer. , Weather, - Th.| 129.954| 28 | 24| 4 |Clear & frosty|30.018| 36 | 25 | 11 |Clear and dry |29.902| 24 | 24 | — |Clear, frosty ..£4| 2/1—490| 32| 32 | — |Snowing 29.469| 33 | 33 — ing —.596| 31 | 31 | — |Overcast — a. 399341. 31 |. 3*1 | — Frosty —.943, 38 | 38 | — |Bright sun —.g14| 30| 30 | — |Ditto & fros ) 8$. 4—697, 3!| 31 | — Snowing -—.565| 36 | 36 | — Snowing —.427| 36| 36, — |Thawing zi - M.| 5—434| 29 | 27 | 2 |Frosty —.403| 38| 32| 6 |Clearand fine| —495| 22 | 22 | — |Clear & frost T.| 6—.560| 28 | 28 Ditto —.548| 40| 36| 4 Ditto —.459| 33 | 33 | — |Overcast i Lue] 7r—:258 38 | 38 | — (Slight rain —.272| 43 | 43 | — [Slightly overcast | —.177| 45 | 45 | — |Heavy rain | o Th 8—.343| 32| 30| 2 Cléar,frosty |—.371| 42 | 35 | 7 |Veryclear ||—.309| 30| 30 | — |Clear & frost F. .9,.—.185 32 32 | — |F : —.171| 42 42 | — |Lightly clouded |—.164| 35 35 | = Densely Tm = I n7 35 | 33 | 2 Cloudy —.531| 40 | 39 | 1 |Cloudy —.639| 34| 34 | — |Overcast — & SII —704| 34 — |Small hail —.808| 40 | 34| 6 |Clear and fine||.—.937| 29 | 29 | — |Clear & frost . M.j12,i—993| 31 | 30 | t |Uniformiyovercast | —.974 35 | 301 5 Ditto —.982| 28 | 28 | — |Foggy & Ue 3 A 13 39:080 23 23 = Frosty, dense fog 30.090 30 30 Missi, Foggy 30.073 26 25 ssim 1tto m. EL 28 | Ditto —.033| 41 | 4t | — |Clearing 29.995| 38 | 38 | — [Overcast = ps 49| 37, 3 |Overcast, fine|29.919| 45 | 41 | 4 |Overcast ^ |29.947| 44| 44 | — {Ramm * i el 32 | 32 | — |Clear, frosty |30.161| 46 | 38 | 8 |Very fine 30.171| 34 | 34| — |Fine s pus S. 4 37 | 37 | — |Overcast 9073| 48| 40| 8 |Overcast 29.983| 37 | 37 | — Dee oe had dta 43 41 2 itto 29 773 45 45 ea Cloudy —.558 42 42 — Slight rain o "à M. ; 43 43 | — iClear —.29 48 44 4 |Densely clouded | —.498| 34 | 34 | — ear and D (04.42 3° | 30 | — |Do.andfrosty|—.792| 39 | 35 | 4 |Clear and fine |—.772| 27 | 27 | — Do. & frosty Th. 3! | 31 | — Snowing —.346| 39 | 39 | — Sleet —.235| 35 | 35 | — |Ramm E 33| 33| — 382| 36 | 36 | — Snowin —.660| 26 | 26 | — |Clear & frost 26 | 26 | — |Frosty —.651| 40 | 30 | 10 |Overcast —.985| 45 | 45 | — |Heavy rain. 39| 39| — |Cleerandfine| —216| 45 | 37| 8 |CI —.614| 33 | 33 | — |Clear $ d: € = Bain EI 5o | 5o | — [Rain —.oo0| 42| 42|— Coe E: 4 2 | — Showers 28.62 7i — |Cloud 28.9221. 313 | 1331 — t ro 28 | 25) 3 Clear, M i 20-447 x Ki 10 |Clear id cold|29 $50 36| 36| — Ov L 37 | 35 | 2 Dittoandc 649; 46| 43| 3 |Fine —.480| 40} 40 | — Cloudy & E 35 | 35 | — Clear —.553| 49 | 43| 6 |Very fine —.405| 42| 42| — Rain E 71.2" 33.37 c 29.599 41.17 Masc cm 29.610/34.17, 34.17| 0-0 [ 267 ] 1 FEBRUARY. Temperature. Wind. | Rain. | IE | Remarks. Jays, Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts, ET | | 3 - Th t ds of 3° below th ; A 39 3s 51 16 NW | Little and witi very few exciptiobr His nights thronghálé Thot E 39 : 39 put E Ditto '3? | were more or less frosty. ‘The barometer averaged considerably B9. 40 23 ix te N Ditto lower than usual; and in a corresponding degree, the amount of | a4 m e$ 45 tt: S Ditto -18 | rain was greater. The weather throughout was very inconstant, 3 5 2 5 = NW | Ditto and on the whole rather severe. A heavy fall of : 43 x 54 = xX Pitto '9? | menced, 4 A.M., on the morning of the znd, and fell to the 3 45 3! 45 a7 ——- | Ditto :29 | depth of 4 inches in the course of the day. The barometer Ev 27 in 23 —— | Brisk '092? was exceedingly on the 26th, on which heavy showers E +4 32 34 zy —— | Little -06 | of rain occurred with intervals of sunshine; the night was bois- B 45 31 58 25 N Ditto fervi. re aate 11| 39 39 40 25 — | Brisk .OI 3 : : 12| 39 22 50 17 NW | Little Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.597 inches. - 13| 32 23 50 20 W Ditto emperature ........ i 5 ELT M | 42 32 49 29 SW | Ditto Dew Point ...... +++ Ditto sesso e 349.79 4| 49 27 54 23 —— | Ditto .02 | —— Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ..... 19.44 16 | 49 30 61 26 Ww Ditto egree of Moisture.. Ditto ...... — .949 _ 17 50 36 55 30 SW Ditto Force of Vapour ... : IttO LPs .206 inch. 18| 49 39 51 37 S Brisk .og | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 652 4g | 50 29 59 22 SW | Ditto .o2 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 53°. 20| 42 20 50 12 NW Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 19°. 21| 42 32 42 32 -SE Little 14 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 61°. 22| 40 Ig 42 12 E Brisk .o3 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 12°. 231 50 33 50 32 SW | Ditto .44 | Mean Temperature of External Air ...... 369.49 EB 5? = 54 21 NW | Little 10 EDS. 37 | 57 | 35-| SW -| Brisk 10 Winps. El 26 61 23 ce HEHHO -26 North ...... 3days | N. East..... .o days ESL 4: | 32 | 55 | 27 | NW | Little South ....... 2.. AS. Bastint,.4 ee EN s 29 58 27 —— | Ditto .o8 East... 52e 4... TNW ar B 33 | 43 | 6o | 4s | SW | Ditto 43 West... 00 64. A B * \ PT———— | 29 days. 3 | . E = een 28.55 52.03 24-31 | | 2.27 | Amount of Rain......... 495252 2.27 inches. [ 268 ] MARCH. E Morning. Noon. meh ; 1844. E Barom Hygrometer. Weather, Barom, Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, a . 3 — |Cl 1 F. | 129.3359 46 | 46 | — |Cloudy, Fine || 29.459) 5o E duet ios p. ve E vall Eso € | EM 1019 | XI con —427| 39 | 39 | — |Clear and L138 dis : ! = H wil — |Cloudy & pae |= Oo t MS a e 10 CM. — 762 26 26 — C T.| 5|—.798| 36 | 36 | — |Overcas ^ BEN BIST me —.924 34| 34 | — |Ditto & fine NE 0 0| E ine 68 48 | 5 Cloudy &cold 30.189. 35 | 35 | — |Fine CTh.| 730.091) 35 | 32 3 Cloudy 30.129) 42 30 | 12 : x Pa 9 37 | 37 | — (Overcast F.| 8|—. 35 | 31 | 4 |Fine Sum dM: Cloudy, mild | 29. 2 41| 41 | — Ditto — S.| 9|—.021| 44 | 43 | 1 [Densely overcast Io 344 R. F : Hor pin ue 34 | 84 | — Clear S.|1029.571| 42 | 42 | — He eee - i —— Do. € M.|11}—.626, 48 | 48 | — |Boisterous rain | —468| 54 | 54 | — e un] 8 33 | 38 | — [Ditto T.|12.—511| 40| 40 |— |Very clar |—483| 39| 39 | — a ud Ws 34 |. 34 | — (Claes PON - 37929 38 37 1 Ditto. i "ee ‘4 M -- "iia y E 42 | 42 | — |Heavy rain 9: 14. —.892 3 3 — — overcast); —-. peered S: 39 Ei F.|15|—.452| 43 | 43 | — Rain —457| 47 | 37 | 10 Fine ee 2 — (Overcast puce | uj ghe 558) soj 48). 2 [Ditto — Bi iii D a2 e176 | 40 | 37 | 3 (Overcast port See 451,5 Aene re 2l | o — M.|:18/30.010| 35 | 30| 5 |Clear —.985| 44 | 32 | 12 ear and cold || 3 ae 41 | 41 | — {Ditto € T.19—.20 43 | 42| 1 Cloudy pem si 40} ee O58 - $0. | go | c CD | ,W.|2929.589/ 43 | 40| 3 [Ditto &cold |29.4:0| 46 | 46 | — Rain : 33 | — |Clear 3 Th.|21130.003| 34 | 32| 2 |Veryclear 30.017) 46 | 33 | 13 Fine 95 2| 21:|— [Sight rn F.|22/29.739| 42 | 41 | 1 |Overcast 29-639) 47 | 47 | — hod ap he 5 33 | — |Clear E 0 USE Maj De RS ce Sei be s Z : Noisisibus ims de 40 | 40 | — [Ore m $.|24,—.513| 47 | 47 | — (Cloudy —60655/ 46 | 46 | — E : 8 45 | 45 | — Ditto 3 M. |25|—. 42 | 42 | — [Overcast —573| 54| 54 |— |Overcas mar 47 | — (Cloudy 4 T.|26.—.617 49| 45 | 4 Fine —.^660| 55 | 45 | 10 MOL Fine —. e$ E 49 | — |Hazy E D W.|z7—.851| 50| 50 | — |Light haze | —.894 56 | 56 |— (Overcast 39-03 40 | — [Ciar — |] Th.[28/30.2 4 |Fine 30.334| 59 | 47 | 12 |Very Fine —.395 E fo | — (Overcast T 29 —.505| 39 9 | — |Dense fog d pa > 11 : 5 AE haze - <4 41 | — [Ditto "3 L^ lames. 43 1 ry e v" 5 — d Eu. itto. foggy S. + ii a 44 | 1 [Slight haze —4187| 56 | 48| 8 |Clear and fine| —.159 43 Ben L^ M pne. = et —— —— | b 29. Z 35| 40.26 1 o9 29.785 48.29 42.94) 5.35 adt 0.0 = [ 269 ] E MARCH P Temperature. Wind. Rain. = Remarks. Jays.) Max. | Min. | Sun. Rad. | Direction Force Iu. Pts. EL] 55 36 62 32 SW | Brisk 04. 72] 52 37 57 32 Ww Ditto 104 ES | 5° 37 57 33 SW | Ditto 20 The weather was frequent! pedis with heavy rains and (4| 41 28 51 24. NE Little .48 | on the whole very unsettled. The temperature was a little | 43 19 55 13 — | Ditto below the average. ‘The amount of | rain was ch above the a 43 30 52 25 N Ditto usual quanti The mean end of the barometer - 7| 44 26 53 25 — | Ditto siderably below the average; re was in no in- 8| 49 35 61 30 S Ditto stance remarkably low. The Ht jn qe tedio zoth and 24th 9 58 34 63 30 SW | Brisk were very boisterous. As in the two months, West mi 44 | 31 | * 52 28 N itto .69 | and South-west winds were sheet at rns u| 53 35 53 30 SW | Strong 20 | 47 31 53 26 Ww Ditto .o9 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily ee peior = 799 inches. BF 47 32 54 28 —— | Brisk ae perature ........ Dit EE! 49 | 39 50 37 SW | Little .48 Dew Point ........ x ifto Lire IA I E 1:53 30 58 26 wW Brisk 04. | —— Degree of Dryness ... Ditto sses.. 27.15 86.53 38 62 37 E Ditto —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... -923 17| 44 30 48 27 NE Strong Force of Vapour ..... Ditto ...... -255 inch. d 46 35 48 30 —— | Brisk Least observed degree of Moisture ...... << l E s 36 56 32 NW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 63°. st d 23 53 16 Ww Ditto .o4 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 10% EL. 5o 31 58 25 N Little Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 972°. E V 42 48 39 SW | Ditto .o5 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation, ..... I 3" 33| 52 26 64. 21 Ww Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air .... «429.46 24| 48 35 54. 33 SW Strong .03 25 s 43 62 40 —— | Brisk .06 17 5 67 43 N Little North ...... Ru s TN. Lee sooes 5 da} 28 P 41 62 37 SW Ditto Grit sess , ays | ast... iov» v x T 6 29 7I 23 N Ditto Bast. oowes 3 oe ye I ae med F |7 |= 33 E | Ditto West......0 7. |S WEB 95 57 | 40 64 35 NE | Brisk oo 38 72 35 E Ditto 31 days. — Amount of Rain, ....... ee eee "M $1.06| 33.87 | 57.77 29.84 2.44. Night. Hygrometer, Barom. Weather, Barom. Weather. Barom, 1| 30.223 — |Fo 30.190 a haze 30.170} 41 | 41 | — [Cl 2|—.1 — |Very fine —.022 Very fine 9-970| 45 | 42 | 3 Dito 3 29.830 6 |Clear and fine || 29.757 Clear & dry || —704| 45 | 43] 2 |D 4| —.634. 4 |Very fi .62 Very fine —.588| 53 | 53| — Di 5| —.719 — jOvercast 740 Ditto —385| 42| 42| — |D 6| —.839 3 |Slight haze || —.874 Ditto -947| 45 | 42| 3 |D S. | 7, 30-095 4. |Clear 30.115 Ditto, clear || 30.247| 37 | 37 | — |D M.| 8| — 3586 — |Foggy —.39I Ditto 399| 42 | 39| 3 Ditt T.| 9| —.480 5 |Fine —.455 Clear & dry | —.441| 45 43 2 D W. |10, —.386 5 |Very fine —.290 Hot and dry || —116| 41 | 41 | — Ditto Th. 11| 29.998 7 |Do. and clear || 29.926 ine 29.9141 49| 47| 2 € F. 12, —.968 — |Fine -913 Ditto .685| 45 | 45 | — Hea S. (13| —.689 — |Cloudy —.759 Cloudy —498| 49 | 49]"— 7 S. |14 —.886 5 |Ditto —.95 Hazy 30.026] 49 | 49 | — M. |15| 30.019 — |Hazy 30.078 Very fine —.117| 49 |- 49 | = T. |16 —.161 — Ditto —.187 loudy —.11| 46 = @ W. 17, —.206 — |Foggy 137 3 |Very fine —.095| 49 | 47 | 2 Th. 18, —.124 — [Slightly clouded || —. 150 Cloudy, fine || —224| 44 | 44 | — | F. 19 —.351 9 |Clear —-337 6 |Very fine | —39o7| 59| 4| 3 S. |20| —.274 5 |Fi 259 Ditto 108). §8 | 53 | 3 S.|21| — 118 10 ay fine —.197 Ditto —149 55] 5!| 4/6 M.|22, —.143 6 .124 Ditto —233| 55 | 52) 3 T. |23| —.234 IO Ditto, clear || —.169 Ditto —ogo| 50| 46 | 4 W. |24| —.070 Fi —.104 Ditto —178| 45 |-99 ]- B D Th.25| —.198 Slight haze || —.146 o Ditto —.062} 50| 4| 3 | F. 26| —.o14 ery fine 29.967 Dry Haze | —o8o| 55| 55 | — S.|27| —-203 Clear and dry || 30.221 Clear & fine | —-284 45 | 41 | 4 S. |28| —.35 itto —.340 tto —. 4I 391 4 M. |29 — 28 ine 242 Dry haze . | —-199 39| 31 T. |30| —243 Dry haze .258 Clear, very dry | —.277| 45 | 4? EX 30.108 30.097 30.086, 46.90| 45-07 1.83 [ 271 ] APRIL. e "Temperature. | Wind. Rain. * | 4 : | Remarks. s, Min Sun. | Rad, | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts, 29 78 23 NE | Little This month was very dry; the days hot for the periodof the f a 80 26 SW | Ditto season and the nights cold and often frosty. ln 12 of the latter 32 75 26 Brisk the thermometer was at, or below the freezing point; but 18 38 76 33 —— | Little nights were indicated by the Radiating thermometer as beii 34 62 27 Ditto or | more or less . The barometer st The amount $4 71 27 E Ditto of rain was less than in any.corresponding month for at least 25 68 20 NE Ditto 19 preceding years, with the exception of 1842. The degree ar 73 22 SW | Ditto | of dryness as indicated by the hygrometer was unusually great, T 29 73 22 W Ditto | especially on the 9th, 1oth, 26th; and on the 3oth, it attained f 28 75 21 S Ditto | almost the highest pitch of dryness ever observed in this | - 34 68 30 SW Ditto | country. ee qo 62 45 70 40 — | Ditto 23 | uo Ducem 22 47 65 46 W Ditto O2 | Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 30.097 inches. f 66 at 72 38 NW | Ditto o2 | Temperature .......- Ditto senses 539.26 duc 45 £t 42 SW | Ditto | —— Dew Point .........- Ditto... 45 8 BE E 80 - zi. c a MHAEO 01 | Degree of Dryness ... Ditto ...... 89.05 36 8o 32 E Ditto | Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... 66 3o 69 24 NW | Ditto or | apour. Ditto isses a. 308 "eb. r 74 37 N Ditto | Least observed degree of Moisture essee. 312 id 45 74 4I W Ditto Maximum Temperature in theShade...... 73°. = 38 77 34 —— | Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 25% | 39 77 33 SW | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 849. 39 80 35 wW Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 20°. 2 3! 83 24 — | Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 51°.06 BI 33 84 28 S Ditto Wis. : A 45 at st NE Ditto 03 North..... 3days | N. East...... 4 days — E 0.» N | South... $ |S. Bettie © ee 66 3 2: -- He TI East 2 ae 4 o- | N. West... pu o b 3 o 34 ris eee : s : ees 7 LE 66 37 80 22 Dido Wests» eec 6. ed og buc 30 days. opp o 66.60. 35.53 75.50| 30.60 0.33 Amount of Rain. .... «2^» «o» 42 teri O33 ENEI S HI, 2ND SERIES. 2N Fm MAY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1844. & Barom | Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. || Barom. Hygrometer. —. W.| 1! 30.469! | 50 | | i : 3 469. $3 90 | 3 (Dry haze 30.366. 67 37 | 30 (Excessively dry || 30.400. 48 | 43 C “Eh. 2,—.432| 55 | 46 | 9 Cloudless —.400| 68 40 | 28 Ditto —.336 46| 41 eee: —+213' 55 | 59, 5 Ditto —.153. 63 | 33 | 30 |Ditto —.138 48| 41 us 4—:132 53| 53 — Slight rain ]|—.103/ 57| 52 5 -—09go 50 | 47 ES : S. 5 -060 2 | [2 — ‘Overcast —.016 70 61 g Overcast & fine || 29.913 51 47 |. M.|6/29.867 58 | 53 | 5 |Fine 29.818, 71 | 45 | 26 Ditto —791- 47 | 49 = I7 —-792, 56 | 53, 3 |Very Fine —.797, 69 | 44 | 25 Fine —.868 48| 45 ‘ S .8(—947, 55 | 53, 2 Ditto —.945| 68 | 55 | 13 |Dry haze —.944| 54| 49 3X. pr. so t Ditto —937, 72 | 48 | 24 Sultry —.933, 53| 49 pk 58 58 | — Overcast —.931| 65 | şo] 1$ |Very Fine ||—-910 45 | 39 oss 53 | 59. $ |Very Fine —.976 65 41 | 24 |Ditto 30.060 52| 48 s $59 | 52, 7 Overcast 30.221| 70 | $0 | 20 Ditto —262 47| 47 X 62, 52 | 10 |Fine —.319 J4] 49| 25 jSultry —.309 52| 49 W. a 3518 Ditt —.272, 66 | 55 | «1 |Very Fine |—294 55 | 5! F "Th. 54 | 10 (Light clouds |—.285| 59 | 40| 19 |Cloudy, fine ||—-318 44| 42 dar 5, 45, 10 Ditto —.:123| 641 39| 25 |Ditto 29 961, 51| 48 x o g : 55 52 3 |Ditto 29.900 59 42 17 |Cloudy, windy —.964 38 36 P x 45 | 49, 5 |Cloudy.&cold|—.935| 48 | 48 | — Boisterous ||—.989 38| 34 M. 55 | 37 | 18 |Boisterous —.956, 59| 41 | 18 Ditto —.997, 44| 39 T $2. 47, TO Ditto —.982, 62 | 46 | 16 |Cold&dry ||—.983 45| 42 w $0 50 | — Drizzly .882| 60 57 3 Overcast .926 52 5 x Th. 56 | 53 | 3 |Dry haze 30.1511 67 | 60 7 |Very Fine 30.164. 49 | 49 | E 54 | 54 | — |Cold haze — o| 60| — Ha .086 48 | 45 E. S zm 53 | 45, 8 |Cloudy & cold —.003| 64 47 | 17 Fine 29-968 49} 45 D $h 52 | 49| 3 [Overcast & ditto —.026, 62 48 | 1 itto 30.103; 43 | 39 M. E 6p Dio —174 57 | 38| 19 Cloudy, cold||—.206 41 | 38 Es T. w 5° 48 Zz Ditto s= $4. 55 42 13 Ditto — 125 42 38 w. ; 4| 48, 6 Light clouds 29.973: 60 | 35 | 25 Ditto 9 956, 47| 45 Th. 50, 48, 2 jOverat&cod | 7.027. 54 | 54| — Slightdrizzle|—.933. 44| 44 UP 5° | — {Ditto 30.003 60 | 52 8 Cloudy 30.023, 48 | 45 eg 9| 45, 5 [Ditto ——.001, 62 | 47]| 15 |Fine —,002' 43 | 4! > i | ES "pn ach 30.059 63.13 46.97 16.16 30.063 47.1643-97 3-1 | | | Em 1 MAY. Temperature. Wind Rain. | Remarks. | Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad Direction. Force In. Pts, | | E Brisk | Little | This was an excessively d ; y dry month, uncongenial to most NE | Ditto | kinds of ve p tion ; for, excepting three an s sia ——- Brisk | .OI — | Ditto E E Little Sy N | Ditto | "ae E | Ditto | dap Sw Ditto i, M apt W | Ditto .07 | -* NE | Ditto etw, we p HHMe 17th and zoth inclusive. mes rend Ditto ‘ii cue | Bino | Mean Pressure. from the 3 daily observations 8 —— | Brisk P ou Tun 2 tto 545.78 —— | Little Dew j^ x : Nue | 962 ngon Strong (— Degree ee of D ne a E EE UU ue 89.16 — | Ditto -02 | — Degree of Moisture .....+-.Ditto... 74 ——— | Ditto | —— Force of Vapour .... Ditto... . .319 —— | Brisk | Least observed depres of Moisture s seess | 337 —— | Ditto 92 | Maximum Temperature i in the S odd o EV. —— | Little | Minimum sel melee " ditto .,«.ee*.. — 387. — | Ditto | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 9o?.- —— | Ditto | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation RTE E «SE - — | Ditto | Mean Temperature of — Ife. 54498 —— | Brisk | ag me es = North;..... : days IN. East....22days ~ E 1 South B S. Last "^ o s. * NE M cd East 6 NOW... One 1 e eee ee LET : ux E Ditto Wests eve . 1 * S. West.... 1 i MESE 31 days. Amount of Rain md ( 274 ] JUNE. Morning. Noon. Night. £ Barom Hygrometer, Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. 1129.998] 55| $o 5 ICles 29.957| 68 | 47 | 21 |Fine 29.949 40] 4 "ns yer e (Overcast and cold|/—.953' 64 | 49 | 15 Ditto —97i| 46| 43| 3 3]30.057| 55 | 45 | tO |LightClouds ||30.086 65 | 45 | 20 |Very Fine 30.123| 5t | 46| 5 4—147| 62| 55 7 Very Fine ||—.1o3| 79 | 47 23 D —.057| 51| 47| 4 $:29976| 65 | 55 | 10 Overcast 29915| 74 | 50 | 24 Ditto 29.322) 59 | 55 | 4 6—.720| 58 | 58 | — (Slight rain —714 67| 67| — Cloud —834| 56| 53| 3 7.—89go| 64| 60 4 Overcast 862| 68 55 13 Boisterous -901| 59] 5t 1 3 8 30.057 63 | 50| 13 |Very Fine ||30.040! 71 50 | zi Very Fine 30.001] 54| 49| 5 929.992| 64| 64| — (Slight rain ||29.983' 72 | 56 | 16 Ditto -4009|[ $3 | | 1 0,3: OE Ie sy 9 Fine 30-037, 68 | 55] 13 ‘Cloudy —110} 51 | 48| 3 631-55 8 Clear and do.||—.173 7 47 | 24 |Very Fine —143|- 55] 32] 3 63| sr | 12 (Clear 431| 73 | 53] 20 [Ditto —.o8o| 59| 56| 3 OO | £4 14 |Light Clouds ||29.945| 81 65 16 |Ditto 29.940| 59 I 62: gt 11 |Clear, Fine || 30.016, 72 | 48 | 24 Ditto —999| 54| 51] 3 60 | 5s $ |Very Fine ||—203 7| .38 | 29 Ditto 30.046| $1| 46| 5 01} 47 | 16 |alichtly clouded 197, 67 | 43 | 24 Ditto E 5o | 46) 4 65 | 521. a3 lHot &dry ||—067| 70 | 48 | 22 Cloudy 29.925] 56 | 53| 3 624. 62| — 29.690 69 | 55] 14 Fine —520| 53 | 3] = 55 | 55 | —- lOvercast —.918! 6o | 60} — Heavy clouds |}30.014| 50 | 48| 2 58 | 58 | — Ditto. —985| 65 | 62 3 Overcast 29.972, 56 | 54| 2 62| 60 2 Light clouds 924! 75 | 58 | 17 |Very fine —.761| 58| 56| 2 67 | 60| 7 [Overcast 30973 32€ | $6] 23 Diti —797| 53 | a 3 78 | 69 9 |Clearandfine || —7258| 86 | 65 | 21 Clear, Sultry ||—.742| 66 | 59| 7 75 | 65 19 |Cloudy & sultry —647, 83 | 65 | 18 Hot, Ditto —642| 60 | 56 | 4 Ge {--61 | — Heavy rain 613; 64 | 64 | — Constant Rain|| —666| 49 | 49| — 57 57 == (Cloud — 744| 66 53 13 Light clouds, fine || —7984| 55 EX re 56 56 | — (Overcast —.828| 63 | 52 | 11 Cloudy, —86| $t| QI )| 69 | 55 5 Very fine — 969. 71| 55 | 16 Very fine 300160] 55 | 3*]| 4 65 | 55 | 10 Ditto. —42926| 77| $5 | 22 Ditto 29.999| 56 | 54| 2 935| 67| 60 7 |Dry haze —.868| 72 | 63 9 erede fine || —850| 54] 5! 3 : | — : í I s qs 62.30 57 6.33 29.929 cut 54.17 16.40 29-929} 54-23| 50-93, 3-39 E. JUNE. 35 Temperature. Wind. Rain 3 Remarks. ey Max. | Min Sun, | Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts. i da en ae NE | Brisk More rain fell in this month than in both the two prece ea) 61 EP 36 Ditto yet the quantity was not equal to half the usual average, .3| 69 41 89 37 E Little the 25th merely the surface of the ground was occasio (4| 79 49 95 36 SW | Brisk etted ; more fell on the day above mentioned than had pre- ES /9 53 95 50 — | EN | -06 viously fallen, in the whole amount, since the middle of E " 53 5 53 mE "iie | . *9? | April It was found that even this quantity ve net macte J ae 4 4 sage ied Ie lower than 6 inches in most soils; consequently the roots 3 mt 49 | 95 46 | —— | Little +02 | trees were little benefited by it. The mean temperature E S | St | 94 48 W | Ditto | -.Ot! | fully 2° above the average, the wind being chiefly from South- B 77 = 9o j7 |. 9 | Dae west and West, directly opposite to the cold points from which E Mt ES 22 37 S D | it came in the preceding month. under occurred on th E. > 9 53 —€— itto 18th ; the 7th was very boisterous. 13| 8 2 | 100 8 | —— | Brisk | H £ A | 89 EE W Ditto | Mean Pressure — the 5 daily observations 3 936 inches. Wy 8 aac. | Dito —— Temperature ........ Dit : B si $5 | ^ t NW | Ditto | | —— DM POIDE S ess Ito iss "53289 17 77 52 94 $0 S Little | 04 | Degree of Dryness ... Ditto . 89.68 A 77 54. | 93 51 E Ditto | .O5 | —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ..... 40 ER 19| 66 | 46 NW | Ditto | .oz| Force of Vapou «Ho vn cee E "4 t oe ph wW Ditto | .o1 | Least observed degree of Moisture ; € : 355 9 SW Brisk | | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. .... 91 zc T Ix | Minimum Temperature in ditto ee x S Brisk | Maximum Temperature in the Sun .... e SW | Ditto | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... —— | Little .62 | Mean Temperature of External Air..... 62°95 N Ditto a F2 WInps. ae North ...... bun N. East... ...3 days wW Ditto | South 555558 S. Bast eeso. 0 à SW | Ditto | Bast is css van 25. EN Wast. sessi o NE Ditto Wet sub S. West.....13 v» _ Wes $ i 30 days. i H Amount of Rain,......++-++ 0.97 inches, [ 276 ] JULY. Morning. Noon. Night. 1844. £ Hygrometer. Weather, Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, MN 63 | 60| 3 Slighthaze /|29.842| 72 | 65 Cloudy 29.829 sg | — |Cloudy, thund SINUS $8 | 58 | — Rain [58371 Gs | 63 Ditto —.841 $9 | = — W.| 3. $8 |. 58: | — (Thickly overcast | —.849| 64 64. Ditto —.809 3 2 CTR |4 6o | 6o | — Slight rain |—.612| 66| 66 Ditto —.59 YÉS S. ai 5 63 | 61 | 2 |Fine —.579| 64| 60 Ditto —.656 (6 | os T $5 | 5 Overcast 839| 64 | 52 Ditto —.878 7 | ee | eck aed 62 | 62 | — Hazy & mild |—.952| 68 | 57 Overcast —.929 6 | aie UM ES 59| 55 | 4 Ditto .898| 68 | 53 Very fine —.856 60|- |D T.H 9 62, 60| 2 Fine 850| 70| 53 Ditto 906 $4 | — AAWO 64 | 58 | 6 [Very fine —.953| 70} 55 Ditto —.880 IE CTh.) 68, 6r | 7 Ditto 880|- 75 | 55 Ditto —.854 $8] 3 X .[12 63 | 57| 6 Ditto —.882| 64 | 64 Showery —.939 e e {13 LR ee Ditto —725|.64 | 64 ain 494 59 | — + |14 65 | 63 | 2 Dito —557| 70] 55 Fine —.679 ive M.\15 65 | 63, z Ditto 809} 70 | 50 Clear —.928 [ox g T. 16 62 5| 7 \Overcast&fine 949) 63 | 55 Overcast -994 48 | 2 W. |17/ 30. 60, 55 | 5 Fine —.962| 70 | 47 3 [Dusky clouds ||—.848 57 | — Th. |18 60| 55| $ |Very fi —.718| 69 | 48 Ver —722 50] 4 F. |19 60| 55| 5 Overcast, D 759| 65 | 65 [Thunder showers || — 891 53 fs 60 7, 3 Clear, Ditto |30.125| 69 | 50 9 |Very fine 30.174 3B Lr 64| 58 | 6 |Ditto -—253| 79| 59 Clear & fine || —.22 55 | — 65 55 | 10 Ditto ee T. 55 Cloudless & hot|| —.o. 58 5 74| 65| 9 Ditto 29.944| 82 | 60 ultr 29.910 60| 3 70| 79, — Sultry —916| 83| 71 Ditto —.94 6t | Xx 67 | 3 |Ditto 904; 88 | 7o itto —.gol 6i 1 67 | 65 | 2 (Overcast .-908| 71| 67 Cloudy 30.110 52] 4 6o | 6 Very fine 30.181] 70] 55 Hot and dry || —.177 £3 | R2 73 | 62 | 11 [Ditto —155| 82]| 61 Clear & fine 4005 56 | 2 65 | 55 | 10 |Ditto 29.947| 72| 45 Hot and dry || 29.959 51 | 4 57 | 52 | $5 |Overcast —.65 65 55 Overcast 474 $6 [ee 65 | 1 |Cloud —659| 67 | 55 Cloudy, fine || —.70% 50 |..3 Sen 59-35) 4-32 29.878 70.38 57.87, 446% 29,876 55.39 me | t a Re pe apes Aa E cerato fine | E JULY. E Temperature. Wind. Rain E Remarks. Days.| Max. | Min. | Sun. | Rad. | Direction, | Force. | In. Pts. m be a ee ; : N ee ; 2 A high temperature was still maintained throughout this 4| 72 57 86 SE | Ditto month. The period between the 21st and 28th was bly ES 68 5 53 SW B g k *14 | hot, the firn mir reaching between 80? and 9o? in the shade, ; 3 70 Z a2 5 - NE L sel e one day excepted. On the 25th it was as high as 92°, ‘The quan- B 6; 66 RE N ID a ae tity of rain was but little short of the iig... yet the ground 7| 68 54 81 5 E D i ‘0 | at some depth still continued dry. heavy thunder storm - 8| 77 3 : ó é w Dit E *13 | occurred on the afternoon of the'19th, ete anied with rain and e| 74 5 z 5 N D n hail. 'Theair was Mei clear on me. sri and then the hot period 10 |- 78 rid 5 : SW |D tto set in as above noticed. The t week was cloudy and wet; u| 78 6 9 5 wW D pie but with few exceptions the fes “of the month was unusually fiz! 78 : 6 A 2 rius a bright, the sky being frequently quite cloudless. : 13 71 56 84 53 SW Ditto 53 Mean Pressure from the 3 eee 29. "5 inches. hi 75 47 go 43 Ww Ditto ^ pones. os vee I i BE! 7 o —— | Little —— Dew Point .......... ito. 0, dà ‘ 46 | 75 x 35 T SW Di tto —— Degree of Dryness »»« aRt i 4 6918 a | 73 52 84 50 N Ditto DES of TIMER . .Ditto.. . 781 = 18) 73 8 Ww Ditto of Vapour.... s Ditto; sw swe 472 inch. 9| 74 jd 82 A N Ditto .39 | Least seen degree of ee of pas r 20| 76 o NW | Ditto aximum Temperature in the Shade ..... ; 92°. 1) 82 = s e S Ditto Minimum Temperature in ee veges n 22| g I sw | Ditt Maximum Temperature in the Sun .,... 10 23 35 dá jM He E D is Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... LS 24| 87 $3 | 103 50 vue logie Mean Temperature of External Air..... 49.30 45) 92 62 | 108 59 S Ditto E 74 55 | 8g 50 NW | Ditto WInps. E 83 30 | 100 45. | —— | Ditto North. .....5 a N. East ... .1 days E 88 57 | 101 | 52 | SW | Ditto South...... S, Eastice d. da | | ded 3 ER 76 44 | 101 39 | NW | Brisk Wat c. N, Wnihdod: 6s 3 68 15 1221 51:4 —5W Ditto 14 West v fee West inne Tae iat | 72 49 | 83 44 | W Ditto .02 \ 3 | | f Rai g »m 2.10 inches E 1 76.42 d 89.51| 48.93 2.10 Amount of Rain ,,...... eset Ze . [ 278 ] AUGUST. Morning. Noon. Night. 1844. H Barom Hygrometer, Weather, Barom Hygrometer. | Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. —'Th.| 129.732, 60 | 51 9 Cloudy 9.743 60 | 49 11 |Boisterous 29.807| 49 | 47| 2 | F|2|—868 58| 33| 5 Mae clear ||—.866| 69 | 69 | — |Very Fine —7474| 50] 48| 2 |S.) 3|—.469) 62, 62| — Show —427| 63 |. 55 8 |Boisterous —.420| 56| $56| — S | 8S.| 4|—683| 63 | 55| 8 Duty clouds|—.729| 72 | 54 | 18 Clear& Fine | —833| 51| 48| 3 | M.|5|—833| 62, 58| 4 Very Fine —.8o8| 70 | 60 | 10 (Cloudy & Fine ||—.632| 60 | 6o | — q T.|6|—.522| 67 | 67 | — [Boisterous |—.530| 69| 60 9 |Ditto —.587| 54| 52| 2 E W. 7 — 61 55 6 |Clear 621 69 69 — |Heavy showers —.656 51 50 I Th.| 8.— 614 60| 60 | — |Light clouds |—.63o0| 69 | 54 | 15 |Fine —.712| $3 | 51]| 2 F.| 9—-756 59| 56| 3 Ditto&fine |—750| 70| 51| 19 gt —.733| 54 | 52] 2| = œ 'FOl——— 744) 55 52 3 [Slight haze |—.591, 66 45 21 —.709| 48 | 48 | —; (9. 11|—550| 58 | 55 | 3 Very Fine —.783| 72 | 51 21 Slightly overcast ||—.689| 56 | 56 | —_ n N » |12|— 37 65 63 | — Overcast —.401| 66 66 — |Heavy rain .608| 57 $7 i= _ T. 13|—.641| 63 | 63 | — Ditto —.633| 63 | 63 | — Showery 531; 54 | 54 | — | ) W. 14—350. 59 | 59 | — [Rai .331| 63 | 63 | — |Heavy squall |—.424| $1 | 51|— | S Th. 15/—.552| 66 | 61 | 5 [Dense clouds | —.603 63 52 | r1 Cloudy —.744, 56| 56|— | 16 —995| 57 | 55 | 2 |Very Fine —.919 69 | 53 | 16 |Very Fine —.863| 57| 55| 2] `œ 17,—768. 64| 59 | 5 Cloudy & do. —.829l 64 53 11 Densely overcast —.880| 54 | 54| =] à. 18 30.060, 58 | 53 | 5 Overcast &do.| 30.083, 66 | 46| zo Ver 30.092} 54| 52| 2. 1. gi—-t19) $6 |. 52| 4 |C —.ogo| 68 | 46| 22 Ditt —.4i| 62| 60| 2, Pe 67 67 — Slightly overcast 29-768 75 65 IO Fine 9.774. 55 53 2. /.2 68 | 62| 6 |Clear —-747| 64| 49| 15 Cloudy & do. —.727| 541 81] 34 : 6o | 54| 6 |Fine 6698} 62 | 521] 10 ‘Heavy clouds | —727| 55 | 55 |— $5 | 52] 3 [Overcast —.697| 67| 47 20 Overcast —.673| 47| 47| — 54| 52| 2 Clear —.675| 70 | 55 | 15 Cloudy &fine| —746| 54 | 52, 2 59 | 57, 2 (Cloudy —.924| 70 | 54| 16 Slightly clouded | —976, 53 | 59 | 3 59 | 55 | 4 |Fine 0.052) 62 | so | 12 Cloudy 30.027, 55 | 5! | 4| 7| 48 | 9 |Overcast —.078| 68 | 45 | 23 Ditto & Re —,.o8o0| 46 | 44| 2 1| 49 | 2 Clear —.110 67 | 44| 23 Hotsu ——113EL-44]| «£17 55 31e Ditto —.113| 70 52 18 Cloudless 130) 48 48 | — 58 58 | — Ditto —.135| 67 62 5 Fi —.182| 48 491 99 | 55 | 5 |Fine —.289| 73 | 57 | 16 Cloudles —229|,.49| 49] *5 [$9.81 56.553 26 29-795 67.29 54.54/12. 75 29.811 52:74 P [ 279 ] 20 AUGUST. = Temperature, Wind. Rain. 1 Remarks. E Max, Min. Sun Rad Direction. | Force. In. Pts. aw 45 74 42 W Strong .02 72 | 49 85 45 = | ate r3 The mean temperature declined fully 2} degrees below t E ML ud à STE 15 | average ; but the ii ingen the vids ^ very favourable for 77 | 44 | 91 41 ; ee de bringing crops to maturity. The depth of rain was about 5 57 H 7 ^ Sw Sr ^ *37 | an inch below the average for this month. Th eter was de 3s $ 4 6 Dite *?? | low till the 15th, after which no rain fell with the exception of 7 I "i 4 Rc ur *1? | two slight showers; and towards the end of the month the ba- 42 | 47 3 45 Je o stood hi ere was a heavy shower, with squall, at B ^ a A 5 s wes oon on the 7th; and on the 14th a very heavy squall com- ES e $6 di Sw Brisk 2 pay addeals. 'and likewise at noon, with rain in torrents. m 54 72 52 Ww Ditto ‘53 65 51 69 48 SW ittle -24 | Mean Pressure from the 5 daily observations A .799 inches, 65 49 66 46 W Boisterous »30 Temperature........ a Ditto. oss 68 47 74 43 NW tron .03 ew Poi vo oo es AIttO coo oe 514 77 57 82 57 Ww Little ol Degree of e38. . . Ditto. ..... gn 69 | 47 75 46 —— | Brisk — Degree of Moisture. . . Ditto A 811 Poo | 43 | 7 39 NW | Little orce of Vapour..... WG. oan 416 inch. (72 | 60 80 6o wW Brisk -O1 | Least observed degree of Moisture... ... . 78 51 8z 50 —— itto aximum emperature | in theShade.... 80% B t $2 74 $0 — | Little Minimum Temperature in ditto........ 38°. Š 67 42 72 40 — | Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Sun ..... 92°. 6 | 38 74 35 SW Ditto Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ..... 33° Bet} 49 78 46 — | Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 59°.69 1n 50 81 48 NW | Brisk on F B Se. poa pu WiNDs. à 78 M. Eo 3 3 RE pee od. Verse 1 days | N.East..... o days 79 4 3 : South ices f — [SEMEL T 8 ur 42 go 39 E Ditto East N.W 72 SOE IM 4 a a a. ENT WE. VV. ps E BI 3 p West 14 S Wet, cn E. ". : 44 9o 42 SE Little M *"*99** * ef LI A sd 31 days. E 47:71| 80.23) 44.96 1-84 Amount of Rain .. « 1,84 inches. [ 280 ] E SEPTEMBER. | : Morning. Noon. Night. T r4 S £ Barom, | Hygrometer, Weather. Barom. Hygrometer, | Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, |] _S.} 1/30.380) 55 | 55 | — - fog 30.335| 77 | 61 | 16 "m and hot |/ 30.335) 50 | 59| — [|] Mz | 2\—.322| 58| 58 | — Foggy —.263| 74 | 60} 14 Dit -—192| 74 | 33 4- 3 | T.|3—997| 62| 62| — —.o50| 69 | 60 9 Fine —.20| 6z | 60] 2 [€ W.| 429.977| 62 | 62 | — [Densely overcast |29.954|. 73 | 63 | 10 Ditto 9.926, 60 | 58|-2 | ‘Ih.| 5\—.842} 66 | 66} — piney. mild |—.8o1| 71 | 65 | 6 (Cloudy, fine || —.926| 56 | 56 | — F.| 6|—.837| 65 | 65 | — —.884| 70| 64| 6 |Ditto —934 6o| 59| 1 $.| 2|1—894| 65 | 65 | — Slight rain —894| 72, 72 | — |Ditto —913| 58| 56| 2 I S. | 8|—.873 63 63 | — 840| 72 63 9 |Clear & fine ||—759, 60 60 | — | M.|9—717| 59| 59| — |Over 731, 66 | 66 | — |Densely clouded | —747| 56| 56 | — | T.[|r1o—.820| 57 $7 | — IDeosely ibm —.846|, 63 | 60 | 3 [Slightly overcast ||—.954) 54 | 54| — |]. W.|110.014| 52 | 52 | — (Slight fo —.995| 64 | 47 | 17 |Very fine 995| 53 1 39 p 3 [O0 Th. 12 —0o11| 59 | 59 | — JOvercast 30.037, 66 | 53 | 13 Overcast, fine |30.089| 55 | 55 | — F. 13). — 159 60 | 60 | — |Ditto —.15 67 | 5° | 17 |Very —.13 56 54 | 3 $.|141—.078| 61 | 61 | — [Do. —056| 72| 57 |15 [Ditto —-030| §7 | 341} 3 | S.|15\29.857) 63 | 63.) — |Overcast 29.825| 70 | 64| 6 (Cloudy 29.830} 6o | 60 | — | M.|16,.—838| 66 | 65 | 1 |Very fine —.5838, 7*1] 65| 6 Do.&fi —.848| 61| 59| 2 | T.17—729| 66| 64| 2 |Overcast —.708| 70 | 79 | — |Showery, cloudy ||—.727| 56| 56| — f W- 8/879) 55 | 55 | — [Rain —.729| 55 | 55 | — |Rain —989| 48| 48|— {D Th.|1930-068|. 51| 51 | — |Clear —.933| 62 | 50 | 12 |Very fine —938| 44| 43 | ! F.|20|—.028| 55 | 55 | — |Drizzly —997| 58 58, — |Hazy -—997 M p oL i) $.|21|—.048| 54 | $4 | — {Clear 30.008, 64 | 57| 7 |Very fine 30.091] 49| 47| 2 = S. |22|—.036| 52 | $0| 2 |Fine 9.979| 59 | 50| 9 (Cloudy & do. |29.9221| 49| 47| 2 | M.j|2329.741| 54 | 54| — (Cloudy PoE SEE 45 | 10 DTR —729 51| 49| 2 __ T. |24,|—.893| 53| 50 3 |Fine :944| 63 | 53 | 10 |Very fine 30.081) 46 | 45 | E W.|25]30.174| 50 5° | — |Slight fog 30.183} 62 | 5o | I2 |Ditto 234 44| 44| — Th.|26(—.270| 44 | 44| — Foggy -245| 63 | 53 | 1o |Clear & fine |—198| 41 | 41 | — X F.|27|—.179| 42 | 42 | — |Ditto —.132| 62, 59| 3 Fine —.o96 42| 42 | — —. S. |[28|—.047 43 | 43 | — |Dense fog 29.987| 64 | 53 | 11 |Very fine 29.934| 43| 43 | — $.129/29.9601| 52 | 52 | — |Drizzly 0.040| 58| 54]| 4 |Cloudy, fine ||30.219| 41| 49| I M.|30|30.326| 46 | 43 | 3 [Slightly overcast |—.328| 5 44 | 12 |Clear & do. |—.242| 40 | 49| — 30.003 56 33155 979-36 29 981 65 gis 30.001|51 67 co.800 87 [ 281 ] SEPTEMBER. Wind. Rain. - ; Remarks. f a: t. Rad. | Direction. | Force, In. Pts, am | E $ f | ET SE Little he mean temperature, considerably depressed in the latter 79 E Brisk part of the preceding month, again rose above the average in th 34 = l Die commencement of the present. The amount of rain was scarcely 24 iae Ditto .o2 | half the usual quantity. There was much sheet lightning on the 3i Little o3 | evening of the sth. On the 8th the thermometer exposed to 76 SW Ditto the sun’s rays was as high as 111°; and this high temperature ve —— itto 1 | was followed by thunder, lightning and heavy rain in the evening. ved Ditt 20 y g g : : EO SE Ditto M 28 | On the evening of the gth there were also lightning and heav & W Ditto 24 rain. The night of the 18th was 24° colder than that of the 16th. $4 SW Ditto Frost was experienced on the nights of the zgth and 3ot P d pus Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.995 inches. o SW | Ditto Temperature ........ Ditto ...... 579.93 74 Beh —— Dew Point ..... ec Ditto ...... 549.71 Et SE Ditto ES Degree of Dryness .... Ditto ...... 3^.28 73 Ditto —— Degree of Moisture .. Ditto ...... 872. Tk sw | Ditto -47 Force of Vapour ..... Ditto sies -427 inch. 3 Little 11 | Least observed degree of Moisture ...... 549 Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade .... 84°. , E Ditto Minimum Temperature in ditto ........ 30% NE | Beisk o1 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 111°. E Ditto : Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 269. NE Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 58?.91 Little —— | Ditto WInDs. E Dee MOT... 6 és 1 days | N. East ....7 days S Ditto oor. PORE MED NUIT T Ditto pu Het cvi 0. JNOWUM.....0-5 NE Brisk ah WOM iene & L9. West J o SE Little uen e J Er | I 30 days. à | 47-33; 89.97| 44.93 | | 1.31 Amount of Rain......seeceess ax god OF inches. [ 282 ] OCTOBER. T Morning. Noon. Night. m "| E p 1844. &| Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, Barom, Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. Hygrometer, Weather, | T.|1|3o0.109| 45| 45 |— |Clear o.019| 64 11 |Cloud 29.962 — [Overcast —— | W.| 2)29.671| 57 | 57 | — |Densely clouded 2586 67 33 4 Ditto” eA i A 2 |Cleaé- 3 | Th.|3|—793| 59 | 59 | — [Overcast —.758| 65 | 63 | 2 |Boisterous —.830| 56 | 53] z Ditto — . € F.|4|—958| 49 | 49 | — |Very clear —.959| 62 | 47 | 15 |Very Fine —.871, 49 | 47 | 2 |Cloudy, fine -.$.|5$|—7256| 58 | 55| 3 Fine —.686 | 63 | 55 | 8 |Ditto —.802| 47 | 47 | — Rain y | S. 6,—.986| 55 | 55 | — |Overcast —.967| 56 | 49| 7 |Clear & ditto | —.896| 47 | 47 | — [Overcast — | M,7——872 47 | 47 | — |Fine —.922| 55 | 45 | IO |Very Fine —.997| 39 | 39 | — |Froty — | T.|8,—946 37 | 37 | — |Foggy 704) 58 | 47 | 11 |Ditto —.568| 43 | 43 | — Clear | W. 9 —291| 50 $0 | — {Slightly overcast | —.175| 58 55 3 |Cloudy —.o25| $9 | 59|— Boisterous | | Th.:9 —194 57 | 57 | — |Dusky clouds —.250| 63 | 63 — |Do. and mild | —.449| 47.| 47 | — (Clear & fine [0 F!:—623 45 | 45 | — Heavy dew —.661| 62 | 52 | 10 |Very Fine —.741| 49 | 49 | — {Ditto - |. S.|12,—.724/ 50 | 5o — [Fog —.647| 64 | 60| 4 |Ditto —.540 56 | 56 | — Showery — S. 1 59 | 59 | — (Cloudy —.348| 63 | 58 | 5 |Overcast —.217 52| 52 |— Lightning - | M.|14 —.322| 50| 5o|— S —.221) 56 | 56 | — [Rain 8.987| 50 | 50 | — {Ral ae T.15,.—.018 51 | 51) — Heavy showers || 28.990, 60 | 60 | — Heavy showers ||—.940 51 | 51 | — Ditto — W. 16 28.940 48 | 48 | — Rain 29.020 54| 54 | — |Ditto 9.096, 43 | 43 | — Clear & fine - Ek |17 29:232) 51 | 51| — |Fine —29o 56| 53 3 |Fine —.450| 44| 44£| — [Ditto — Een 6s = (Clear —707| 55 | 50| 5 Ditto —779, 49| 49 | — [Ditto = | $19. 784 49| 49|— glghthaze |—715 54| 45 | 9 Cloudy —.577| 49 | 49 | — [Cloudy X S«|20/2—460 52 | 52 | — |Fine —.416| 54| 50] 4 |Do.and fine || —46o| 38 | 38 | — lear & fine = M.g1|—510| 46 | 46 | — |Overcast —.521| 49 | 49| — H 6ot| 42 | 42 | — Heavy ran E 09 6| (|— Ru —823| 55 | 55 | — (Cloudy —897| 35 | 45 | = RFCs ae :123| —912, 34 | 34 | — |Dense fog —.863| 43 | 43 | — |Foggy —771| 47| 47 | — paral Th. |24,—.706, 50} 50) — (Clou y —-697; 52 | 52 | — |Rain —671| 48 | 48 | — pan — 4 E t 1 —-760, 47 47 | — —.8oo| 52 52 | — Densely clouded —.853| 41 Iq var Clear & g IO s.| %— 917, 45 | 45 | — Overcast —.965| 51 50 1 |Overcast 30.096, 43 | 43 | — Ditto E. M. gi 30-252) 48 — 30.247 53 | 45 8 Ditto & ine || —237, 44| 4*| — Over T iit mec 37| 37| — —.166| 46 | 46 | — Foggy —4i9- 3$| 35941 LL : Wiis a 5 | 45 | — [Overcast 29:999 52 | 48 | 4 |Cold haze 29.912] 42| 4*| — on = Th. 30| 29.818 43 | 43 | — |Drizzly —.808| 45 | 45 | — |Ditto =s 43 | A im Ditto E 31| —.812 40 40 | — Foggy —737| 52 52 | —.|Fine —.687 44 Al Clear : a 29.69047 .9047.81 0.09 29.666/56.09/52.09/4.00 29.666 46 1345-94 0.19 a [ 283 ] OCTOBER. P Temperature. Wind. Rain. — Remarks. ays i Max. | Min. Sun. Rad. | Direction. Force, | In. Pis. "| 7o 45 ET 43 SW | Little The average temperature was still maintained ; and there was- B 7° 47 80 44 Strong likewise abundance of moisture. antity of rain which fell - a Er 7I 41 85 37 SW Ditto between the 1st of April and the commencement of this month a 4| 69 | 46 8B 1-44; 1: 7—— | Lite was 6 inches $; whereas the average for the same period is 12 3 S| 67 39 79 37 —— | Bisk :22 | inches ,6,; and deducting 13 inch, the excess above the av e 6| 63 40 78 37 1 for October, there remained about 11 inches of rain still due at d 62 39 79 27 N Little the end of the month. Nearly as much fell on the 14th and 15th - 8) 61 41 77 38 S Ditto as there did in the months of April, May, and June of the pre- 74 | 50 SE Brisk o1 | sent year. The barometer averaged very low; the greatest de- Z4 233 SW | Ditto .07 | pression being about the middle of the month when the great | 88 36 —— j date fall of rain took place. Previously to this, it was found that in 79 54 a tes -03 | borders not watered the soil was dry to the depth of a trench, 23 : 79 43 itto «33 | feet deep. | Ene a R ew Peist í i Mean Pressure from the 3 daily observations 29.674 inches a : : Temperature ........ Ditto ...... 507.0 = AO- ic eem ge Dee Pot... s itto ss eee ABA ^ 2 Bu. —— Degree of Dryness ... Ditto .....- 19.43 xe SW Brisk "e ^ ree 2 Moisture ... Ditto ...... .950 4 zA : to ... e 5 nch. 74 34 —— | Ditto O$ | Least observed degree of Moisture ae E z 59 42 E Little -64 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade oor: 2 a = Ditto 94 | Minimum Temperature in ditto ....... 29° 64 37 N Ditto *O4 | Maximum Temperature in the Sun ...... 92°. $2 45 Ditto *88 | Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation ...... 27°. ae : 2 e x = *93 | Mean Temperature of External Air ..... 509.17 I 56 28 NE Ditto WiINDs. : SE 4 55 27 -—— | Ditto North....... 4 days. | N. East... ...2 days. 59 40 E Ditto .28 South. «i: 3 5» |9 Bast «e si 6o 30 oe, Ditto .o2 Eást....soeedeon INS WESEL Co don 70 40 p s Ditto West... ess $ .. |S. West...-. Hoo | 31 days. 71.16 38.09 T Amount of Rain. ....-+..seees0e04.13 inches, [ 284 ] NOVEMBER. Noon. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, Barom. 47| 47 | — |Hazy 29.391| 48 | 48 | — |Overcast 29.248 44 | 44 | — |Constant rain||—.155| 44 | 44 | — Rain —.245 40 | 49 | — (Cloudy 328| 42 | 42 | — |Cloudy & fine ||—.384 41 | 41 | — |Overcast —.312| 46 | 46 | — Cloudy ==. 215 49} 49 | — |Ditto —.175| 45 | 45 | — |Ditto —.215 38 | 38 | — [Ditto —.252| 45 | 45 | — |Overcast —.276 41 | 41 | — [Rain —.372| 48 | 48 | — |Cloudy —. 364 46 | 46 | — [Overcast —.030| 54| 54| — Ditto 28.937 46 | 46 | — |Hazy clouds ||28.947| 54 | 54 | — Fine 29.077 40 | — |Clear & fine gig} 48 | 48 | — |Rai 28.965 40 | 40 | — |Fine 29.401| 47 | 47 | — [Densely clouded | 29.495 48 | 48 | — |Rain —.417| 52| 52 | — |Drizzly —.503 55 | 55 | — |Heavy ditto |—.506| 55 | 55 | — Heavy rain |—.828 44 | 44 | — |Hazy, rain 30.063| 51 | 51 | — |Drizzly 30.109 54 | 54 | — [Densely clouded ||—-025| 58 56 2 |Cloudy " $1| 51 | — |Hazy —.207| 58 | 58 | — Hazy —: 237 52 | 52 | — |Foggy —.293| 54 | 52| 2 |Overcast —.280 52 | 52 | — |Overcast —.217| 52 | 52 | — [Ditto —. 178 50 | 50o | — |Ditto —.162| 51 51 | — Hazy 143 48 | 48 | — |Hazy —.123| 54 | 54 | — Overcast —.204 ao i 3%.) — ropes 301] 45 | 45 | — Foggy —.291 34 | 34 | — |Hazy —.230| 44| 44 | — |Hazy —.185 49 | 49 | — |Ditto —.136| 44 um 88y .124 49 | — |Ditto 29.983| 42 | 40 | 2 |Cloudy, fine - |29.947 38 | 38 | — [Overcast 30.102] 43 | 43 | — |Ditto .o89 29 | 29 | — |Clear & frosty|—.245| 42 | 40 | 2 Fine 2 26 | — Sharp frost ||—.298| 40 | 40 | — Foggy —.237 33.| 33 | — |Foggy —.o65| 42 | 40 | 2 (Cloudy 29.986 39 | 39 | — |Easterly haze |29.998| 40 | 4o | — |Foggy 30.038 38 | 38 | — |Overcas 30.073| 40 | 40 | — |Overcast —.079 42.4042.400.0 29.758 tro cece 33 29.775 [ 285 ] E NOVEMBER. E - Temperature. Wind. Rain. F Remarks. js Max | Min, | Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. In. Pts. ERE | go |51: [538 FE | Brisk .38 L| 47 37 47 36 Lietle .49 The mean temperature was a little above the average. The | 45 37 45 35 NE Ditto amount of rain was nearly half an inch above the usual 27 54 24 NW rise for the month, although none fell after the 14th with the excep- | 49 34 57 32 N Little .03 lise: of a slight deposition on the zīst. e air, exce 5 30 58 27 SW. | Ditto few instances, was constantly saturated with moisture ZEIT E 53 43 SE Ditto ad Dip as the isis ths of November usually pue the present B4 65 42 < | 58 exceeded every one in that respect, for at least 18 previous | 56 35 58 32 Ww Ditto years. Sharp eee occurred on the nights of The 26th and EST) 5 58 |< 32 S |Ditto .34 | 27th. EG 37 56 34 W | Brisk . 16 j | 58 48 58 46 SW | Little .50 Mean PIGH from the 3 daly: obsetzatied 29. e inches £3 E7157 | 57 36 p m= “| Briek —— Temper cia 3°. i 55 49 55 49 iin | Little .12 — Dew Sey . Mid a HE 43° 7 | 59 | 45 63 45 "-— | oia Degree of Dryness. . «ve Ditto... see | 60 | 43 či 4i S | teeta Degree of Moisture. .... Ditto rsss.. es^ Lye Bue | 44 56 41 -— D re Force of Vapour.......Ditto...... .287 inch. | 5; 51 56 48 | Ditto Least observed degree of Moisture........ . .926 Us | 47 55 45 S Ditto Maximum Temperature in the Shade... ... 60°. )| 59 30 58 27 Sw | Ditto Minimum Temperaturein ditto.. ....... 22°, ‘149 | 30 49 28 | Ditto oz | Maximum Temperature in the Sun 65°. 1-45 39 47 37 w | Dito : Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation.......- 17°. || 45 28 47 25 E | Ditto Mean Temperature of External Air....... 439.58 d 31 45 28 NE itto d 29 55 24 N Ditto Wix EE S IL |. Ditto | North. +++ +.. days | N. East «..+++3 days 44 38 44 36 SE Ditto Sout $9.4. «e @ . 5 ei .. | 44 37 48 36 E Ditto East ... T n apicis dt eon [4 | 3o 44 25 NE Dites Rn ecsososd s | 9. WeSt... 12. a5 o MSIE T ee 30 days aS Amount of Rain ........ 3.06 inches. 36.63| 53.67| 34.30 | 3.06 l— [ 286 ] DECEMBER. Morning. Noon. Night. ia : 844.15 Barom, Hygrometer, Weather. Barom, Hygrometer. Weather. Barom. Hygrometer. Weather, — : 5. 1|30.123 36 36 — (Overcast 30.091 40 37 3 Cloudy 30.083 35 35 | — Overcast < M. | 2\—.053| 36 | 36 | — Di 29.998} 40 | 35 | 5 Overcast —.005| 35| 35| — {Ditto ‘ - T.| 31—943| 35 | 35 | — Ditto 30.041 40 | 36 | 4 Ditto & cold || —073| 35 | 35 | — [Ditto W. | 41—223| 35 | 30| 5 Cloudy & cold/—.205| 38 | 35 | 3 Cloudy, Ditto| —169| 32, 32 | — [Frosty Th. | s\—.111| 26 | 26 | — Sharp Frost —.069 33 | 33 | — Frosty —.095| 22| 22| — nis Frost - F, | 6—.203) 19| 19 | — Severe Ditto 208 29 | 29 | — Do. & Foggy ||—.216, 18| 18 | — | .& | 7j|—.292| 29 | 29 | — Slight Ditto —.292| 32 32 | — |Haz .294| 26 | 26 | — slight Frost. _ S. | 8—.172, 30| 25| 5 Dry& frosty -104| 33 | 28 | 5 Overcast —.058,| 28| 28| — i M. gi—-104| 28 24 4. 'Overcast, .114| 30 25 § |Ditto —-119}) 29 29g | — od r d + |Ioj—104| 31 ag {6 Do. Cold and Dry}; —.o79| 31 | 25 6 Ditto 04 30 | 28 | 2 Ditto 1 W. i11)29.962| 29 | 29 | — ‘Hazy 29.952, 29 | 26 | 3 |Dusky Haze ||29-959| 25 | 25 | — |Clear& Th. 12|—924| 28 28 | — Fog .88 31 25 6 Overcast :75 26-35 | "— Overcast dos _ F. j13/|—545| 25 | 23 | 2 Thick Haze —.500} 26 | 26 | — [Ditto —+443| 27 | 27 | — [Ditto S. 14|—.430| 28 25 | 3 |Hazy -457| 31 31 | — |Ditto —.523| 28 | 28 — |Densely st S. 15[—556| -35 |- 35 | — is thaw ||—.530| 38 | 39 | — Ditto —.436| 37 | 37 | — |Foggy E. M. 16/|—326| 37| 37 | — —.316| 39 | 39 | — |Fog —.336| 38 | 38, — |Ditto T. 17—365 38 38 -— Denie fog ——379|- 44 44 | — Ditto —.434| 39 39 | —* Overcast $ W. |18 —.581| 40| 40 | — Foggy —.627| 43 | 43 | — Ditto —.806| 41 | 41 | — jFine iv »|19,30.025| 42 | 42 | — Dy 30.088| 42 | 42 | — |Hazy 3o.214| 36 | 36| — [Boisterous — ^|20,—.260| 34 | 32| 2 |Overcast -270| 35 | 28 | 7 |Clear and cold|| —.288| 31 | 31 | — Ditto : ^|21—298| 32 | 25 | 7 COMM Dry || —.462 35 30 | 5 \|Overcast &do.| —.295| 34 | 34) — Cloudy & Do. = .$.|22,—239| 32 | 26| 6 Ditt —.203| 34| 25 | 9 |Ditt .176| 32| 29| 3 [Overcast | : i M. 23,—.190 30 24 6 (Clo M 095 34 25 9 Ditto —.238 30 JO rr Ditto a T. 24\—.-270 32 25 7 Cold Haze —.252 33 25 8 Hazy —.245 34 341 — Ditto ES oW. 25|—.260 32 32 | — Densely overcast —223| 34 30 4 (Overcast —.194| 34 34 | — Ditto * "Th. |26\—.116| 34 | 34 | — [Dense fo —-073| 38 | 38 | — |Foggy :073|.-39 | .29 4 7S Very Foggy . F.27,—.038| 32 | 32| — [Ditto 036} 33 | 33 | — |Dense fog 29.998| 34 | 34, — [Ditto S$.|28:29.944| 40 | 40 | — Fine 29-914, 45 | 45 | — jOvercast 906, 44 | 44| — Drizzly oS: (29.—919| 45 | 45 | — [Drizzly —.920| 45 | 45 | — |Ditto .932| 40 |} 4o0| — Ran — -— me [96r 951 AS | — Dp —959 38 | 38 | — |Foggy 30.008). 37 | 37, — Orec ii T.|31/30.086| 38 | 38| — DDitto 067} 41 | 41 | — |Hazy = rop] $9] 39 | — Ditto E 29.990 33 31-457 29.981 35.93 33 29 2.64. Bea 58/32.42 0 16 E E. a! xe S [ 287 ] DECEMBER. Temperature. Wind Rain. | Remarks. | Max. | Min. | Sun. Rad. | Direction. | Force. | In. Pts. T 42 33 55 32 NE | Brisk This month was one of continued severity. The mean tempe- *1 27 41 25 — | Little rature was 7° below the average So early in the monii as m 3| 39 33 39 32 —— | Ditto 5th and 6th the thermometer fell 18° below freezing. Frost co: BI 40 | 22 40 17 — | Ditto tinued till the 14th, when it was found to have penetrated to the j ] 35 14 39 8 —— | Ditto depth of 8 inches in Kitchen Garden soil; but where the ground 6| 30 14 30 9 E Ditto had been recently dug the frozen crust was only 6 inches thick. ELS: | 34 15 — | Little The wind was wholly from East, South East or North East, but B 32 26 33 25 NE Brisk chiefly from the latter Dense fogs were of frequent occurrence. 9| 32 28 32 26 —— | Ditto The nights of the 19th and zoth were boisterous m0} 32 | 28 | 32 26 | —— | Ditto M| 30 22 —— | Littl 12 4 24 i a E Ditto. Mean raison da the 3 — observations 29985 inches 13| 32 26 32 23 uus E Temperature ...... oe Ditto... sai 3 8 M| 32 28 33 25 uc | Tar — Dew ots Vh o sac v a Rn Ditto...... 32739 34 40 32 —— | Ditto 03 Degree of Dryness — ....Ditto...... 1°50 43 35 45 35 ecd PEE jeg of Moisture ..... Ditto...... 930 44 | 35 45 24 ves: -L Tuto Vapour... sii. Ditto 187 inch 44 40 44 40 NE Ditto £05 Least Shae degree of Moisture .......- 42 29 42 27 E Ditto .o1 | Maximum Temperature in the Shade. T 49, 38 28 49 24 NE Brisk Minimum Temperature in ditto, 37 30 37 27 wes een o Maximum Temperature intheSun........ 5 55° 35 27 35 23 en | TRE Minimum of Terrestrial Radiation... ..... 89? 34 28 33 25 ics Le Mean Temperature of External Air....... 33°27 31. 34. 29 E Ditto WiwDs P5 — | Ditto , 39 30 25 2 SE Ditto North... : cssc O sa N East <.. .... 17 days 38 30 41 30 E Ditto South "**999299* [*] S East "s". 3 .. 48 | 42 48 40 SE |-Ditto IT. Best; second H.. INAMSE o oi. 49 38 5o 38 — Ditto +15 West n [6 S West ec*»»»5208 0 LI jo 32. | 42 30 NE | Ditto ams "Pm : 2 —— | Ditt 4 ETC : i = ee Amount of Rain ........ boson cpa uude so MERE i 37-64| 28.90 38.97| 2664 | 0.39 | ^ IIl 2ND SERIES, 2 P [ 288 ] 7 in the Mesa journal. Pressure. | Temperature. : | M In Sun’s | Terrestrial "n Mean at Mean of| — [n the Shade. Mean at HE Rays. | Radiation, | Orci E. Range of] — "i etree a [stie nn LL f asl! 1 | : | t and rt Max. n. | Med, | Barom, Morn. | Noon. | Night. | tions. || Max. | Min. | Med. | Morn. | Noon Night. |Observ® Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. : n. «30.346129. 199 29.969 1.147 |29.961|29.967|29.976|29.968 54 | 14 /38.7937-35,43-67,37-39,39-47| 01 | 39 | 42, 3 943 +30 171 28 624 29.608 1.547 29 584 29 599 29 61o 29 597| 53 19 36.49 33-37 41.17 34-17 36.23 61 38 41 j 12 38.1; eae mahal ead 1.265 |29.794|29.785|29.818 29 799. 63 | 19 [|42.4641.35|48.2938.35.42.66| 72 | 48 43 13 43-8 i ri | 50.441 29. 588 3o. .097| 0.853 |30. 108] 30.097 30.086) 30.097 73 3$ 51.06 50.30/62 60 46.00 53 26 84 62 46 20 $3* ) y. 30 43229. 7 791. 30.070 oO. 641 30 082 30 059 30 062120.068 78 32 54.05154 06/63 13 47.16 54-78 go 66 50 24 57.8 Wed £08 ^ | | 3/2 a0 E 6 : Epo:t99.015 29. de -566 |29.950129.92929.929)29.936| 91 | 40 (62.95(62.3070.57,54.2362.57 106 | 70 | 62 36 68.2; \ a 30 293|29.331/29 9-801 o. -962 29.793|29.795 29 811 29 799) 80 38 59 69 59 81 67.29 52.74159- 4 92 66 57 33 62.4 t 30 3 29 6922 9 997 oO. 688 30 003/92 981 30.001 29 995 84 30 58.91 56.38 65.80 5I -67 57- 93 III 75 60 26 67+ 7 50+252/28. 940/29. e 1.31229 6go 29 666 29 666 29 674 JÍ 29 43-58 47 90/56 09 46 13/50. „o4 92 52 54 27 54 ergo 34028-957/29-769 1:389 29.770129.75829.77529.767| 60 | 22 (43.5842.4047.6041.5743.35| 65 |. 44| 49| !7|8 */30-462 29. 430/29.985. 1.032 (29.990 29-981 29.984129. 985 49 | 14 |32.27,33.1635.9332.5833.89 55 | 32| 49 | P9] T. 30.333 29.321/29 884. 1.017 |29 885 29 874 29 883 20 880 70 66 27.00 49 09/48 50156 04.45 0048.84 82.08 54 85 50.25 21 33/52* Hygrometer indicating Dew Point. Scale of the Winds. | wi $ Mean Dew Point at | € | Mes Mean Mean Least 4 Ry | De orce of — degree of | d f | de of s Neon | npn | PO, Vues Mme | Maes | Mine | 5 [E | | se | s. | sew | w| Now. | pee | Te | PET 37.39 Mi :236 | 1.04 | 914 660 RI 410 1 s S 5s s ge 37-55 34-17 34.79. .206 | 1.44 | 949 652 31. Sete is | ee 8 6| i) | 3m 41.94 38.35 49-51) mis 95 935 [56 15: 5 5|. eo | 1} 9 {7/5 | TM 44:70, 45-07 45-21) -+302 - |- 8.05 743 312 3 4 4 o 2 9 eT Je pes 46.97 43-97 45.62 319. | 8.16 745 337 Er as 6 o o s: FIO * aad 50-93 53.69. .412 | 8.68 740 355 2 3 2 o 2 13 6 z = 57-871 55.39 57-53, .472 | 6.18 |. 781 389 5 1 3 s 3 : s | 54-54 Sates 55:95 416 | 45 | hi | 4 Lt 8} 3} : |: 8 Les 3} REN 50.80 54.71| .427 3.22 | 87a 549 I 7 6 4 1 7 £I £z T. 45-94 48.61 .343 1.43 950 588 4 2 4 1 j| H $t t E 7.299 4L, : .28 | : : $7, 43.74| -287 | 0.11 | 996 | 926 EI 3$ gt 3$ Pee et 3e iy 32.42, 32.39| .187 1.50 930 705 B 9 A 3 o o E » 47-49 43. : : 49 43-96 45-85) .321 | 3.97 | 863 537 om GE. 4245 i59 GENERAL INDEX TO THE FIRST AND SECOND SERIES TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. *,* The Roman numerals indicate the —À Volumes; the First Series is to be understood, unless the ref eferences are preceded y 2 S, when the Second Series is denoted. AARD-AKER (Earth Nut), ii Abdel assis fores name of d yip escu- lentus), vi. 50. ABEL, Dr., vi. 272, 486, 535; vii. 524, 9025; 2 S., ii. 30. Abelia triflora, 2 S. 1. 456. ABERCROMBIE, vi. 218. ABERDEEN, Earl of, 2 r A 281. Abies amabilis, 2 S. ii —— Deodara, 2 S. n. eo 240, 242, 263. —— ee k y ii. 242, 260. andis, 2 i. 2 enziesii, s S. ii. 260. —— Asie MMiorindi, 2 S. ii. 242, 263. — nobilis, 2 S. ii. 242, 2, 950. religiosa, 2 S. iii. 123, 127, 128, 181, 135, 138. — Webbiana, 2 S. ii. 240, 242, 263. Abooke, Country Plum, v. E 451. Abricot d' Alexandrie, 2 S. i. — —— d'Alexandrie, Gros, 28 i. 60. Amande Aveline, 2 S. 1. 69. 65. ———— Jaune, 2 S. i — ——— Gros pré 2 S. i. 60. Hátif Musqué, 2 S. i. 58 —— —— de Hollande, 2 S. 1. 69. — —— de Nancy, ii. 201; 2 S. i. 66, 70, 73. — —— de Nüremberg, 28. i. —— Pide i. App. 8; ii. 201; 28.i. 59, 66. eeu UN usse pe i. 66. —— = LA 2 S.i 63. i Abricot = St. Jean, 2 S. i. 60. de St. Jean Rouge, 2 S. i. 60. de Tours, 2 S. i. du Wirtemberg, 2 $i E Abricotier à IS Panachées, ve Sii i. 62, Abricotin, 2 S. i. Acacia affinis, 2 Ar ii. i. 242, 9 armata, vii. 41; 85 li. . 246, 241. dealbata, 2 S. ii. 242, 246, 247. decurrens, and others, 2 S. ii. 24 — —— diffusa, 2 S. ii. 240, 242, 247. Julibrissin, vi. 38; 2 S i 242. lophantha, 2 S. n 242, 247. stricta, 2 S. ii. verticillata, 2 ai ii. pie 246, 247. Acaste pulchra, i. 323. venusta, i. 322. Acclimatizing, hints respecting, i. 21; vii. 31. — effected not by suckers or cut- tings, but by pesmen. sowing, i. 24. Aceras Anthropophora, vi. 405. Acer campestre, vi variegatum, vi ——— oblongum, 2 S. ii. 264. palmatum, 2 S. ii. 257. Achimenes longiflora, figured, 2 S. ii 508; 2 S. iii. 140. — pedunculata, 2 S. iii. 136. — — — picta, figured, 2 S. iii. 161. Achocón, v. 104. Achras enn v. 105. aiii uma, v. 105. consti 2 S. iii. 133. vi. 496. — M 2, 96. Ae or ots of St. John, vi. 34. Axgov Ševos, Vi. Acocotli, aii virtues attributed toit i INDEX. Acocotli, Mexican name of one of the species of Dahlia, i Acon, Mr. Jine observations on the growth of early and late grapes under glass, vii. 1. Acorus calamus, iv. 4 Acropera Loddigesii, 2 S. iii. 116. Acrostichum calomelanos, i iii. 341. Actinocarpus minor, i. 268. . ADANSON, i. 331; vi. 277. Adansonia digitata, v. 444. Adelia ee 2 S. i ii. 251. um, iii iii, 341, Adina plobifiora, vi. 264. Administration of the Jardin du Roi, Paris; Plants received from, 2 S. ii. 411, 413, 414. Aégle Marmelos, v. 117. Aeranthes iflora, vi. 282. Aerides, treatment of, iv. 241. odoratum, i. 295 ; vii. 499. Aeridium odorum, i 1. 295. African Custard Apple, v. 443. AFZELIUS, Professor Anam, v. 89, 90, 440, 443, 446, 447, 449, 450, 451, 453, 457, 458, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464 ; vi. 86. Agapanthus umbellatus, vi. 488, 439; vii. 40. Agaricus campestris, ii. 403. eorgii, ii. AM americana, account of one at Woodville, notice relative to its flower- ing, iv. Bsr A ions 2 S. iii. 117. ge, its influenee upon trees greater in cold than in warm climates, i. App. 8. —— effects of, upon fruit trees, v. 384. Acuionsy, H. A., Esq., 2 S. iii. 91. Ayvos, vi. Agriculture Chinese, v. 49. Agrumi, ii, App. an Aguacate, 2 > A oalientee a vegetation of, 2 S. iii. 119. Ailanthus ey ANM Mr. 2S. ii. 4 vey A INSLIE, Sir ante 2 S. ii. 172, 173. Air, method of admitting a due proportion into hothouses, i. 151. Air Plant, cultivation y vii. 499. Arron, Joun, Esq., vi. 213, 336. account of the Esperione Grape, iii. 93. rmation from, respect- ing the ogee p the purple-fruited pas- sion-flower, iii. plums, iv. 531. ton, W.T. Fog, i P Pref ww 254, 262, 276, ms. 329; ii. 163, 164; iii. 86; vi. 65; ii Arron, W. T., Esq., his success in bringing the mango, &c., to perfection, i. 151. arge boc 0 by him in the Royal Gardens at jte i. 254. brief practical observations on Ee cultivation of the cucumber in the ss tee Gardens at Kew during the autumn and winter months, ii. 282. notice of a late nectarine raised in the Royal Gardens at Kew, iv, 211. Ajax, species named, i. 343 to 349. Akee tree, v. Alamotou, v. ; Alangium Mee etalum, v v. Alberger 2s uet Ls i. 65. ——— d aes 3 S. i. 74. ————— de Tours, 2 S. i. 74. Albuca majon 2 S. ii. its 2 S. ii, Aii Pits 2 S. iï. ia Alburnum, its growth, and office in the process of pereon + i. 219. ———— eping ues 2 S. ii. 36. Alchemilla 1 divas 2 S. iii. 157. Aut Kuan, 2 S. ii. 178. Alkalies required by plants, 2 S. iii. 189. Alkaline Salts, 2 S. in. 56. Aletris farinosa, 1. 328. Alexandrian Laurel, vi. 48. ALEXANDER, D., Esq. 2 S. 1. 332. ALEXANDER, Dr. Wuu1ay, i. 328. Alexis d and grandiflora, their introduc- tion, i. 284. Minsdis dulcis, 2 S. iii. 132. ALLEN, Mr. Jonn, vi. 477. ALLEN, Mr. Tuomas, on forcing cucumbers, vi. 127. 2 Alligator apple, v. 95. ——— pear (Laurus Persea), v. 96; 2 S. iii. 130. effects of temperature on, ii. 463. Alimentary plants, € directed to their improvement, 2 S. ii. 348. ie Allium, notices dices some varieties of genus, iii. 416. ——— Aprox 1 iii. 418. owani taiak | ii. 311, 417. me stri 7. Iiet: ees CR ,,2 S. i. 534, 535. Allobé, v. 88. | Almonds, pu sweet and bitter, known to the | Romans, i. 152. INDEX. Almonds, recommended for stocks for peaches and nectarines, ii. Almond tree, early blossoming of, in 1884, 28. ii. 3. ———————- account A: a peach tree raised from the seed of one, iii. 1. Almond-stock proper for uidi peaches upon, i. App. ‘Aine Amere, i iv. 410. ———— Com mmune, iv. 409. Douce à coque dure, iv. Douce à coque E. iv. 409. Aloe, American, account of one at Salcombe, which flowered in the open ground, i. 176. Alonsoa urticifolia, vii. 42. Aloysia citriodora, vii. 40; 2 S. ii. 242, 281. Alpme plants, how raised in the Jardin des antes, Paris, i. App. 24. Alpinia Galanga, i. 281. jamaicensis, i. 281. racemosa, i. 281. — —— spicata, vi. 274. spiralis, i. 279. Alps, the Swiss, aspect of their i rapa and fein of some of the native trees, i. | EVE Teak ciliata, 2 S. iii. 124. venenata, vil. etnea aurea, 2 8. i det. 280, 281. ovata, 2 S. ii. 280. Pelegrina, 2 S. ii. 280 ; vii. 40. 280. 280. ‘geome on their cultivation, 2 S. ii Althea nudiflora, vii. 251. Alum, 2 S. iii. 91, a Alumina, 2 S. iii. 36 Alum-water a pplied to h yiranges plants, to render their Ba owers os iv. Alyssum sativum, v. v. 409 ; Amaranthus ans vi. 55. 7 — bhybridus, vi. 55. iii Amaranthus und aves v. 54. Amaryllis, deseri tion of the pollen of, iv. 34. ————— able fo ration in pyw ries of a vi. 318; figured, vi. 315. ——— notidé of certain seedling varieties of, v. 337. — ona hybrid one, v. 390. advena, vi. 88, 89. aurea, i. 299. Belladonna, 2 S. ii. 268. candida, vi. 89. crocata, iv. 99 ; vi 809 ; 2 S. 11. 268. ae 8. equestris, v. equestri-vittata, v. 337. Forbesii, vi. 87, 88. = urea, vi. 285. —— lorena A. ii. 268. — — —— fulgida, v. 337, 338. Joka, iv. 499, 501; v. 340, 390. treatment, in. 187, 192. fl albo, vi. 292. var. longiflora, iv. 50. ornata, iii. "p B, i NS ren 2 S. ii. 268. ittacina- ee v. "em M6 — hybrid, E i iv. 42. rutila, v. 337, sarniensis, iil. ” 399, 447. on its cultivation, vi. 259. vittata, iv. 44, 49; Am turna Ammobium alatum, vi. i. 95. Ammonia, 2 S. iii t employed for g^ destruction INDEX. Amomum Plinii, i. 176. ———— gen in i. 284. ———— 285. Amphi Totis Taia. aid secunda, i. 294. Amorpha fruticosa, vi. 495. Amygdalus ome 2 S. ii. 271. ———— — pumila, 2 S. ii. 252. Anagallis, iv. 23. Anagyris foetida, vi. 499. —— — — indica, vi. 499; vii. 245 ; 28. ii. 264. Analysis. of the soil of the Society’ s garden, 2 S. iii. 36 Fees. Lia aurantiaca, 2 S. i. 9. bra, 2 S. 1. 16. Jamaica yum 2 S. i. 32. malabarica, 2 S. 1. 9. ordinaire, 2 S. i. 29 debilis, 2 S. i — — —— sa Anchovy pear, v. 98. Anchusa italica, vii. 40. ANDERSON, Davin, Esq. ., vii. 199. ANDERSON, Mr. Davin, v. 69; notice of a plum exhibited by him, iv. 207. account of the Mon- tagu Cantaloup melon, with a description of the method by which it was obtained, iv. 318. ANDERSON, GxonGE, Esq., i. 354, 476 ; ii. 280, 947; iii. 358; iv. 290, 292, 294 ; vi. 467, 470, 472; vii. 419, 470, 475, 416, 481, 493, 497; imported the Tulipa Clusiana, account of a method of forcing vines and nectarines, ii. 245. — opes I ibute to his memory, ii. 280. account of a method of ripening oe by SA ig fh up by A ii. ANDERSO Mr HN, account of the New ewe fe (T onia expansa), dr noticed, vi BOR CR OR o : ; "uus ccount of his method P » Moni early ce mm v. 492. M. unm i. 135; on the in- erred and eultivation of a variety of Azalea indica, ii. 259. ANDREOSSI, vi. 40. ANDREWS, i iii. 101, Bas iv. 288, 290, 299; vi. T: 471; 2 Si: Andromachia acaulis, 2 S. mi. 154. — — — —— igniaria, 2 S. iii. 154. o solidaginea, 2 S. ii. 155. Andromeda, 2 S. 1. 465. — —— arborea, 2:8. 11:260. floribunda, 2 S. ii. 260. olifolia, 2 S. ii. 260. Aneilema Sinicum, vi. 79. Anemone, cultivation of, i iv. 914. — — —— vitifoli ii. 264 ANGERSTEIN, JOHN prim Esq., i iv. 89. Angolam, v. i ANGUILLARA, iii. 343. Augustus flavida, i i. 827. — —— —— grandiflora, i. 327. Angrecum luridum, vi. 86. Anigosia flavida, whence brought, i. 327. nimals, domestic, Societies for thei improve- ment of, established throughout the ritish empire, i. 2. arnivorous and herbivorous, € expulsion from the habitations of man easily accomplished, l; their power a warm and thinly inhabited countries, 1. Acionpliylci laurina, v. 446. Anneslea spinosa, iii. Annual plants, methods ‘of applying manure to them, i. 6. n improved method of raising them, 2 S. i. beneficial effects of the accumu- lation of sap in, 2 S. i. Anomalies, fructiferous, accounted for, i. 106. Anomatheca cruenta, 2 S. ii. 269. ——— juncea, i 323. Anomaza excisa, i. 229. — 328. : d of, i. 103; glabra, 2 S. ii. 259. longifolia, y. 101. MEER y. t 02. r. GEonGE, notice of a plan by, for Ana iii. iscount, vi. 440; 2 S. i. 67. Retheanis artemisiefolia, i iv. 327. Anthemis grandiflora, iv. = 328. — — ——— stipulacea, iv. . Anthericum bicolorum, i. App 21. um, 1 Anthocercis viscosa, 2 S. ii. 247. INDEX. Antholyza SUN i. 324. —— — —— ethiopica, a, Ê, i Lied. — vi Antidesma, v. 447, 463. ANTOINE, Mr. J., fruit trees received from, 2 S. ii. 414. "pes Sir Epwarp, 2 S. i. 540, 541, 542, ne p of Diosc., vi. v APARTADO, Marquess s d, 156. Aphides, hints for the dedisuotion of, i. 297. Aphylax spiralis, i. 271. Apios tuberosa, iv. 445. Apium glaucescens, 2 S. iii. raveolens, iii. 71; vii. Aplopappus stoloniferus, 2 8. a 145. Aponogeton distachyon, 2 S. i Apothecaries’ Garden at Chelsea, i iv. 330. Ape. EIN or rege Roman name of e citron, iii. —— of Since vi. Pea = ex i uis s experiment to raise. from se —— no English fruit capable of attaining a higher degree of perfection, i. 63. varieties cultivated in Mr. garden, exhibited, i. 66. . account of some varieties, of which grafts were communicated to the Society, 1. 226. —— Twenty-two. varieties known to the Ro- mans, i. —— premium proposed to be given for raising better and more productive varieties of, 1. 2. Swainson’s PP. v with singular blossoms, iv. 136. —— Golden, iii. m. account of a collection of Norman, ii. —— method of keeping, ii. 399 Ea Co of four seedling dessert, iii. ——— sorts exhibited in 1818, iii. 310. epo ei. of some of f the best varieties of Irish, nin ——— account s some of the best varieties culiar to = cultivated in the county of. Nor- folk, iv. BEONE seas of, from ringed trees, iv. 124. —— Amorous, iii. 343. —— Alexander, ii. 405; iti. 314, 328 ; iv. vii. 335. 924; vii — Alfriston, i iv. 217. — d' Api, ii. 299. Ippin, iii. 326. —— Baltimore, figured, iii. 120. ——— Bath, iii. 324. ——— Bayfordbury Pippin, iv. 528. Bayeux, ii. 300. ——- Beauty of Wilts, vii. 336. ——— Beaufin, fa se, i. 69. Belle Bonne, iv. 68. —— — Belledge Pip in, iii. in ——— Bellefleur i "Bu iv. —— Bells ii. 108 Bere Court Pippi in, v. 400. relly in. 325. e 103. —— Blenheim ora i. 322; 2 S. iii 62. —— Blenheim or Woodstock Pippin, vii. 334. Boatswain's. Pippin, iii. 323. —— Bossom, iv. 528. Borsdorf, i iii. 121, 323. Brabant Bellefleur, figured, 2 S. i. 295. Brandy, i. 229. Breedon Pippin, i iii. 268, 322 ; figured, iii. —— Brin ewood Pippin, i. n —— Brookes’s, iv. 216. —— Brown, of Burn Cobos: ii. 823; vii. noe Burr-knot, i £ 65, 120; iii. 320. ——— Calville, red, i. 66. Jo Blane 3 ii. 300. — — ————- Rouge de Micoud, vi. 242. — Cambusnethan Pippin, iii. 316, 325 ; vii. —— Canfroome, i i. 229; Cat's Head, i. 67. —— Mee figured, vii. 259 —— Clar ERU ts ii. 328. ——— — Coates s, ill. 329. iP Ti 90 3* e 166. E E lisle, iii pe xp = eee i aves, "are i. 197. oe ERE i INDEX. Apple, Codlin, d iii. 320. arve: ————— To Lee As Park, iii. 328. Colonel Harbord's Pippin, i iv. 65. Cornish Aromatic, ii. 74. Gilliflower, i ii. 74. Cortice striata, iv. —— Court-pendu, i. 69. t Rougeatre, iv. 279. —— Es 335; 2 S. iii. 62. oa s (Cowarn’s) Queening, i. 68 ; — tes Pippin, v. 401. Crofton, E ii. 321. —— Dowell's ‘Pippin, v. 268. i. 35. — Downton, ar excellent ax apple, i. 145. ow obtaine Mr. Knight’s icsintes à 145, 146, 228. —— Drap d'Or, ii. — To MY. s Crab ite iii. 323 ; iv. — Duetih Bellleor, ik no ed E — — — —— Mignonne, 2 S. ñi. 62; iv. 70. —— —— Il. E 186. Early Le ade vi. "ete Julien, iv. 316; v. 267. July Pip —— Kisibrotdered — Eve, iii. 320, 324, Fall Pippin, iii. às, [ iv. 217. 416. e, vi —— Fearr's Pippin, i 67; ni. 103. —— Finale, vii. 259. e Mai, ii. 300. —— Flower of Kent, i. 68. —— Flushing Pippin, ii. 103. —— Formosa Pippin, iii. 322. ——— Golden bc aecount of, i. 229; 2 S. iii. Knob, iii. 313, 321, 325, 363. undi, i. 68. Noble, i iv. 524. ———— $85, add d. 108, 161, we iii. 988 ; 2 Sii 109; i. 62. Apple, Golden CHR g of, i. 4. ccee ds better propagated by cuttings than ir caratiaa i. the male ante of the Downton, i. 145. in a state of decay, i. App. 8. derived from the Crab, iii. 87. notice of a mode of treat- ing it, vi. 539. varieties obtained from, 1. 35. Chester, iti. 321. Hughes's, vii. 336. new, ii. 103. — Gravenstein, iv. figured, | iv. 523. —— Green Harvey, ii. 103. —— Green ne ii. 103. Green mi ——— Grosse Reinette à Angleterre, ii. ag Rouge Tiquet ii. 300. — — Hall-door, i. 68; ii. 103. ——— Hanwell Souring, iv. 219. or Dr. Harvey’s, iv. 67. utterche, vert 21 Ux — — Hawthornden, iii. 317, —— Hayward's Bur-knot or Gloucestershire Cree ie il. ey Greening, vi. 415. i. 68; ii. 328; vii. 334. E — — Hunt's Duke of Md iv. 525. — Irish Pi ——— Ironstone, iii. 328. E Jubilee Pippin, v. 400. —— July-flower, Cornish, iii. 323. —— Juneating, red, iii. 319. hite, i iii. 319. —— Kentish Pippin, i. 67. Kerkan, vii. 339. —— Kerry Pippin, i iii. 453. vii. 333. —— Kinellan, vii. 338, 341. — King of Pippins, i. 68. —— Kirke’s Admirable, i > E" Baker, P rU i. 66; ii. 103. INDEX. Apple, Kirke's Scarlet Admirable, iii. 328; vii. 334. — Kirton Pippin, i. 67. . —— Lemon Pippin, i 67; ii. 103. —— London Pippin, i. 67; iii. — " Maclean’s Favourite, 2 S. ii. 108. ——- Malcarle, or Mela Carla, figured, vii. 259. —— Margaret, i iii. 320. —— Margil, i. 68; ii. 103; vii. 336. .6 829; iv. ng, i. 69, 70. —— Mollett's Guernsey Pippin, i iv. 524. — Morden Bloom, i in. 820. —— Mother, iii. 320. De Neige, iii. 316, 321; vii. 334. — — Newbold's Duke. of York, i ii. 108. ———— v. 269. preme No Scarlet Roses ii. 103, 104. — i Pippin, 1. 67 ; ii. 103, 285, 299; iii. 8 T RES Late Pippin, i. 67. —— New York Pippin, 1. 67. —— Nonpareil, ii. 161, 298 ; 2 S. iii. 62. Too American, vi. 4 ——————— Braddick’s, - iii. 268, 382 ; figured, iii. 267. —Ó— — Gitte vii. 333. qc A new Scarlet Pippin, ii. 103, Soe Nutmeg, i. 68. vii Apple, Mc ys hpr Isle of Wight, ii. 406. of Wight, iii. 314, 321. Pippin, i. 145 ; ii. 103. the female parent of the Downton, i. 145. — — Onrd's, account and description of, ii. 285 ; figured, 285 ——— Padley's MI i. 69. —— erue ii. Peach, vii. Pe emit Baxter’ s, i Herefordshire, i. 68; vii. 332. Holt's, i. yp Hubbard's, iv. 68. Lamb Abb iii. 269; figured, iii. 267. Loan’s, i. 68 ; vii. 335. Scarlet, vii , 835. Summer, i i. 66. — — Pearmain, ii. 103. —— Petit Jean, i iv. 525. —— Priestley's Red Streak, ii. 103. A — — Quarenden, Devonshire, i. 66; vii. 3. —— Quatre Goûts, — Queening, uei iv. 710. . 928. ——— Raspberry Pippin, i. 67. — mA Blane ad 298, 300. ——— Grise, ii. 298, 299; iii. 325. entish, i. 68. — INDEX. Apple, Reinette, Kirke's Golem vii. 333. — Rayé —— Revelstone Pippin; iv. 522. — —— Ribston Pippin, i. 67, 120; ii. 254. Account of the original tree, iii. 140. i. 62. 28.1 Royal Costard, iii. 307. —— Royal Reinette, iv. 529. ——— Royal Somerset, iii. 325. —— Russet, Golden, i. 68. —— —— Hors — — Sam Young, i iii. 324, 454. —— Saul, ii —— Scarlet Crofton, iii. 453. —— Golden, ui. 343. —— Shepherd’s, iv. 218. seedling, ii. 103. — — Siberian sil 547. Harvey, i ——— Simpson’s Pippin, i i 286 ; i. 285. Snow, of oo iii. 31 ^y ——— Spice, i. —— Cade A vi. 416. ZEsopus, v. 401. pring Grove Codlin, described and mma i. 197, 198. Crab, iii. 313. ——— Stone Pippin, ii. 103; ii. 361. cm Res iu v. 401. ———— —— Straat, vi seis satia: i 326. Pippin, ii. 103. —— Striped Holla a, i. 67 —— Sudbury Beauty, 2 S. ii. 109. — — Summer B iral cn i. 69. Pippin, 1. 66 ; iii. 312 Traveller, i i 66. Youngsbury, iii. 312. — Travers’ s, iii. 324. — on, 2 S. iii. 62. 's Pippin, i. en. 69. Apple, RM ii. 328. —— Winter Broaden, or Broadend, iv. 66. Colm - Majetin, v. 68. Queesing iii. 328. an, iv. ——— Wise, iv. —— ga new iai Pippin; ii. 103, Vert Anglois, ii. 298, 299; —— Waltham Abbey Seedling, v: 269. —— Weeping, iv. 141. arwickshire Tn ii. 103, 104. Apple Tree, the e of time it requires to attain maturity, i. —_— Manis on grafts from the, i. 60. requires plenty of light and air, i. 64. Burr-knot, aecount of, i. 65. soil best ps oh with it, i. 65. — — —— will grow readily by cuttings, and be less abl to canker, i. 65. — — — — — remarks on the pruning and train- ing of standard, i. 236. M DER E TU aising them from pips, 2 8. how raised by the French, 1 i. 99. App. 8. . —— ~ on promoting the early fruitful- ness of ar raised from seed, ii. — — — ——— on the formation of a select col- lection of i iil. i. 263. AT a REAL ue of decay in, iii. — — superior healihfulnese of taken from their trunks co — with cut from = extremities, ili. 387. — — — ——- standard, description of the me- thod of aca them, v. 186. — ——— Canker in, v. 183. — dwarf standard, upon pruning managing them, vii. 291 —— —— —— in the Himalaya, 2 S. i. 465. inorganic substances in, 2 S. i scions those and rca aisi ME ii. 53. | Apple-sauce, i. 197. Apricose, Bunte, oder Geflecte, 2 S. i. 62. — ——— aus dem Angoumois, 2 S. i. 71. ——— Fe Muscateller, 28. 58. Gemeine, 2 S. i. ev CUu. oec TN 10. — — ——- Hollandische, 2 S. i. 70. INDEX. Apricose, Aera 2 S. i. 70. — — 28.1.71 mm ‘Sead Blattern, 2 S. i. di s S. i. 465. n the country where the tree grows wild, iii. i. App- 2 23. ruit well known to the Romans, i. 152. not esteemed by Pliny and Martial, i. 152. as a stock for the Peach and Necta- rine, ii. 202. ——— onthe cultivation of, on Espalier trees, ii. 219. Dee conjecture native country, iv. 368. - account of the € cultivated i in the Garden - the Society, 2 S. i. 5 2 S. 1. 465. Albergier Ordinaire, 2 S. i. 74. Albergier de Tours, 2 S. i. 74. d' Alexandrie, 2 S. 1. 72. ad’ Alexandrie; Gros, 2 S. 1. 60. Algiers, White, 2 S. 1. 59. Almond, 2 S. i. 57, 65. Ananas, 2 S. i. 70. Angoumois, 2 S. i. 58. - Rothe, 2 S. i. 71. Anson, une, 2 S. 1. 66. Anson's, 6. Blenheim, 2 s: i. 64: Breda, 2 S. i. 58, 69. respecting its ul Hb: Commun, 2 S.i xe sea Panaehées de mete, 2 S. i. 62. — — Dunmore’ $2581 —— à Feuilles [ra e vi 2 8. 1. 62. — —— Frühe Muscateller, 2 S. 1. 58. — —— Geflechte, 2 S. i. — —— Gemeine, 2 S. i. 61 — —— Gros Précoce, 2 S. i. 60 — —— Grosse Frühe, i. 60 — ——- Grosse Gemeine, 2 S. i. 61. — —— Hatif Musqué, 2 S. i. 5 — — Hemskirke, 2 S. i “the 69. po “Holland: 9.8: 1 — —— de Hollande, 2 S. i. . 69. S Hollandische, 28.1370 Ee selnussmandel, 2 S. i. 70. oo Large Early, 2 S 1 57, 00. —— Maculé, 2 5. 1.62. ix Apricot, Masculine, 2 S. i. 58.” B White, 2 3 i 57, 59. — Michmich, iii. App. 2 ie! Mont ntgarnet, 2:8. 4: a 65, — Moorpark, : App. 8 ; ii. es 2 S. i. 57, 63, 6 on the proper rim for, it I5 n the annie death of parts of its branches 28.1 uence of the Plum stock upon, v. 287. Oldaker's, 2 S. i. 66. -——— — — — — Sudlow’s, iv. 207; 2 S. i. 66. : Walton, 2 S. i. 66. — —— Musqué Hatif, 2 S. i. 58. — Musch Musch, 2 S. i. 58; figured, 29 1T V2. De Nancy, 2 S. i. 66, 70. — De Nuremberg, 2 S. i. 66. ——— Orange, 258. 1. 58, 70, 74. Early, 2 S. i. 74. Pp E S. 1. 74. Peach, 2 S. 1 Péche, i i. App. " 2 S. i. 66 ; iv. 207. i. Pfirsich, 2 5:4. 66: ——— De Piémorit, 2 S. 1. 66. ——— Préedce, 2 Si i. ge Roman, 2 S. i. 57, Blotched- Pint '2 $i. Sh 62. ——— Royal, 2 S. i. 57,68, 74. — — —————— George, 2 8. i 74 Persian, 2 S. i. 74. SN s 28.1. 57, 64. Large, 2 S. 1. 64. Miss Shipley’ s, 2 S. i. 64. De St. Jean, 2 S. i. 60. wE 2 S. 1. 60. Temple’s, 2 S. i. De ‘Tours, 2 S. 1. v Turkey, 2 S. i. 58, 61, — Blotched- eared 2 S. i. 62. S MA Walton Moorpark, vi. 393. De Wirtemberg, | 2S. i. 66. Die Wiirtem , 2 S. i. 66. A prikose, "Die Grosse Frühe, 9 S. i. 60. Aquariums, vi. Aquatic plants, on their management, iii, 24, c INDEX. Aquatic E — of warming a cistern for, i 199; figu sert method of managing, iv. 995. plan of compartments and sec- tion of troughs for, i iv. 402. Arabis andicola, 2 S. iii. 153 Arachis hypogza, on its bec v. 912. Aralia racemosa, vi. 496. sa, 9 S. 259. dolce d" i Re eat iii. App. 18. fino della China, iii. — 16. a fior doppio, iii. App. 1 forte a fior semi doppia, iii. rr 14. a foglia di Salice, iii. App. 15. forte, iii. App. 14. ———————— a frutte grosse e scorza man- giable, iii. App. 15. — — ———,'a medólla eie iii. pria 15. idiste, d p aee listato, iii. App. 1 a mazzetto, iii. App. 14. massimo, iii. oliviforme a scorza dolce, ii. App. de Rosa, iii. App. deg stellato, iii. App. — —— di sugo rosso, 1n. p € Araucaria wer 2 S. ii. 242, 282. i, 2 S. ii. ce 281, 282. ———— abii ni 2S. i. Arbutus Mid. 2 S. ii. 2, '91 E ——— de nsiflora, 2 S. iii. 117, 119. ii. 94. — —— jalapensis, 2 S. iti. 2 128. ——— oaxacana, 2 S. i ii. 126. procera, 2 S. ii. 242, 260 thymifolia, ii. 94. nedo, 2 S. ii. 226, 242, 254, 271, — Scarlet, 2 S. ii. 237. ARCEDECKNE, ANDREW, Esq., vii 247 Arctostaphylos nitida, 2 'S. iii. 197, pun dese Hi. 117. Arctotis aureola, 2 S. ii. 212, 914. Argenteuil, inh rare drea of chiefly supported by the culture of 4> -trees ; natural aspect of the town, i. App. 6 Arguenila, vi. 273. Arisæma macrospatha, 2 S. n. 122. Aristea capitata, 1. cyanea, i. 312. major, i. 312. melaleuca, i. 312; iv. 155. — — —— spiralis, iv. 155. Aristolochia PS 2 S. ii. 271. ARISTOPHANES, vi Aristotelia ES v. 105; vi. 499; 2 S. ii. 242, 254, 2 Ev: variegatis, vi. 496. ARISTOTLE, iii. A ARKWRIGHT, com Esq., iii. 400 ; vi. 230, 232. Ona method of retarding the ripen- ing of Grapes in Hothouses so as to ob- E a supply of fruit in the winter season, i. 95. TELOR Lord, vii. 562. Armeniaca, or dict so called by Pliny, Lb toe. — vulgaris variegata, 2 S. i. 62. Arnirot Cavac, vi. 57. AnNorT, Dr., 2 S. ii. 265. Aroma of a ripe fruit appears to accelerate the maturity of others in its den a : Arpophyllum alpinum, 2 S. iii. Arracacha acuminata, 2 S. iii hee Arrach, vii. 130. ARRAN, Earl of, vii. 396 ; 2 S. 1. 543. Arroche blanche, ii 31. ——— rouge, vii. 133. foneé, vii. 133 ale, vii. 133 — tres rouge, vii. 133. vert jaunátre, vii. 131. pec vi. 48. Arthropodium eem vi. 278. Artichoke, 2 S. ii e — Jerusalem, 2 S. iii. 59. Arum acinus, L2 — vomitoria, vi. 68.. INDEX. AsHBURNHAM, Mr., 2 S. ii. 401. Ashes, Vegetable or Wood, esteemed as a ma- nure by the Chinese, v. ASHTON, WILLIAM GARFIT, Esq., vii. 184, 188. AsuwonTH, Mr. Tuomas, notice of his miado of obtaining young Potatoes, i iii. 122. Asimina triloba, 2 S. ii. 259. Asinina, a sort of Plum so called by the Ro- mans, i. 153. ` Asparagus, : S. iii. 59 ; vi. 497. — —————- cultivation of, ii. 234. Edd of forcing, i ii. 961. modes of cultivating it-in Austria, v. - v. 880, 335. cultivation of, during the winter, v. 509. — ————— succeeds well in the sandy soil of Holland, v. 511. —— — — — how to preserve fresh after cutting, v. 514 on a method of growing in single rows, vi. 390. — —— — — effect of late spring frost on, vi. 497. -—— — — —— scandens, 2 S. ii. Y Aspasia epidendroides, 2 S. iii. 142. Aspidistra punctata, vii. Aspidium aculeatum, iii. 341. pe iil. 341. ——— noveboracense, iii. 341. Tenian siia uioNi iii. 341. preemorsum, iii. 341. Ass’s Cucumber, vi. 52. ASTEL, D ind vii. 538, 544. ASTER, f; Aser argophyllus, 9 S. ii. 240, 241. pestris, 2 S. iii. 156. ‘Astragalus chlorostachys, vii. 249. — — geminiflorus, 2 S. iii. 153. Astranthus cochinchinensis, vi : Astrapæa Wallichii, vi. 65; vii. 390. Asuarina acida, iv. 58. ATHOL, Duke of, account of 5 kinds of Larch sent by him to the Society, iv. 416. ATKINSON , WILLIAM, Esq., y. 495; vi. 159, <0, 250, 383, 386, 543; vii. 204, 568, 582. ———— Apples 22 axkihited pew m. 522. : on the construc- tion of Strawberry beds, v. 189. xi ATKINSON, WILLIAM, Esq., notice of a Grape exhibited by, v. 263. of speci- mens of a new i duca ba by him, v. 399. — ~ directions for the management of hothouse fire-places, that are constructed with double doors and ash-pit Registers, v. 467. n the quality of British WE 28.1 m ATLEE, Mr., 2 S. 1. 543. Atriplex Hio 2 S. i ii. s 226. — — hortensis, vii. 1 Iba, vii. 130, 181. nigricans, vii. 132. pallide virens, vii. 131. — ruberrima, vii. 133. rubra, vii. 130, 133. ——— portulacoides, 2 S. ii. 272 Artocarpus integrifolia, v. 108. Aubergine, vii. 83. — —— — — violette Boc jn vii. 85. onde, vii. 85. AUBLET, Aubletia ictu effect of ringing it, iv. 28. AUCKLAND, Earl of, Plants received from, 2 Aucuba japonica, 9 S. ii. 242, 251, 257. AUDIBERT, M., v. i 3, 36 ; vi. 945, 357; 2 S. i. Plants received from, 2 S. ii. 411, 414. USTENBERG, pin of, iv. 523. Auliza ciliaris, i. Auricula, ss a iv. 19. Austin, Mr. Ronznr, iv. 286, 456. Asgtrbos acida, v. 115. — ng nin bola, ^ d Vii. 390. sired, 2 S. 11. 30. ^. yen ner ing ib. AVICENNA, Vi. 38. Avocado, v. LA Pues, effects of temperature on, iii. 463. AYCINENA, mts 9 S. ii. 407. Ayer-Ayer, v. AYLESBURY, i s of, ii. 998; 2 S. i. 01. Ayres, Mr. RicHARD, on | the management of trus, iv. Plants belonging to the genus 306. nny ann, Iu nm of three remarkable Gooseberry plants, Azalea, iv. 21. — —— alba, 2 S. ii. 251. , c INDEX. Azalea calendulacea, 2:S. 11. 259. n the introduction and cultiva- tion of a vie. of, ii. odes T treating it, iv. 132, 133. pheenicea, 2 S. ii. 251. nudiflora, vi. 494. detin vi. sinensis, 2 S. ii. 959. ee: vi. 494. i. 494, 498. Azaleas, rans iv. 94. Azara dentata, 2 S. ii. 282. Azonualala, v. 93. Azorella pader 2 S. ii. 157. as. Baars, 2 S. i. 263. Babiana rubro-cyanea, iv. 19, 155. stri i. 323. slphiarón, | iv. 19. villosa, iv. Baccharis alpina, 2 S. iii. 156. — ——— thyoi ,:156. Bacxuouse, Mr. James, Apples sent by, iii. 314. ee Plants received from, 2 S. ii. 418, 19. — —————— Messrs., vii. 236, 237; 2 S. i. 226, 228, 229, 234, 235. ACON, ANTHONY, , Esg, vii. 208. 204 Badingian, vii Badinjan, vii. Beometra columellaris, i i. 330. Baaor,. Lord, iii. 303; iv. 533; vi. 161; 2 S. i. 11, 169; ii. 168. — cd of the cultivation of the rias japonica as a fruit-bearing tree, iii. Bahmia, vi. 53. mur Mr. Henry, vi. 163; of Nuneham, Zo. i. ——— Messrs., js 582; 2 S. ii. 435. Basazer II., vi. Baker, Capt. ud vi. 323; vii. 26, 399. MÀ Wins, Esq, , apple sent by, v. 528. Baisse am American botanist, v. 251, 252. r. Tuomas, iv. 2 I v. 206, 264 ; vi. 983, 387 5.2.8. i 1 xui BALDWIN, Mr. Tuomas, notice of a Queen pine-apple exhibited by him, iii. 118. plan for forcing sea- kale, without covering the crowns of the plants with dung or litter, iv. 63; applicable to asparagus and rhubarb, iv. 64. weight of pine-apples grown by him, v. 206. Barroun, Mr. WILLIAM, descrip of a pear tree on which the > of reverse graft- ing had vs performed, v. 396. Balm, 2 i. 61. large of Gilead, vii. 42. Balsam, on its cultivation, i iii. 127, 406. propagation of, by cuttings, 2 S.1. 151. ca arid on, with coloured in- fusions, 2 S. ii. Bamboo, 2 S. in. E Bambusa, some species of, dwarfed exceedingly by the Chinese, iv. Banana, v. 80, 83, 465. Banane musquée, v. 85. Baügkuda, v Banks of rivers, on i planting moist alluvial with fruit ge vil. Banks, Sir JosEePu, i. Preface, i. 247, sic 273, 285, 287, 288, "304, 305, 308, 315; Preliminary Observations ; sikip 115, 120, 121; iii. 165, 180, 3 301, 30, 457, 483, 489, 490, 515, 516, 556; v. 452, App. 2 ; vi. 161, 168, 213, 412, 474; vii. 150, 499, 510; 2 S. i. 519, 246. n the introduction of the potato, and on the hill-wheat of India, i. 8. is remarks on the intro- duction of the genes Sint Great Britain, i. 8. ts respecting the proper mode of 1 inuring billes plants to our climate, i Bh. on the revival of an obso- lete mode of mee strawberries, 1. the American cran- berry, i. 75. n the horticultural ma- nagement of the Spanish chesnut tree, i. 140. forcing-houses of the Romans, and list of fruits "cultimated by them, 1. 147. his account of the Spring Grove Codlin, i. a ripening the second - erop of figs that wo on the new shoots, i. 252. selection of borticul- tural observations rides French authors, i. App. 4 notes relative to the first INDEX. - appearance of the Aphis PE P or apple- tree insect in this country, ii. DBaxxs, Sir Josera, notice of ndbles sent by, iii. 121. notice of sweet potatoes sent by him, iii. 365. Banks, Ladys iv. 172, 173, 515. Banksia po 2S. ii. tà ralis, 2 S. ii. ——— oblongifolia, 2 e ii. y Banyan tree, on the treatment of i in a conser- vatory, v. 914. Baptisia nepalensis, vii. 245. Barbe de Capucin, iii. 138. Barca, v. 109. — Coa Esq., 2 S. 1. 542; 2 S. i. 124. Rosert, Esq., v. 415 ; vi. 294, 332 ; vii. 68, 153, 252 ; 2 S. i. 6. — of the vine, experiments by removing it to hasten the maturity of the fruit, i. 108. me a jolted by the addition of yeast, 28.1 — Sore. in the garden of the bodie. vi. os. G., Esq., plants received from, 2 S. il. 418, 419. Barkeria spectabilis, 2 S. iii. —€— Barley from seed grown on ndy soil in England found to be acier in the hilly w of Scotland than the native grain, i. — —— comparative statement of the time it requires to ripen in the northern parts of France and Russia, i. 88. — —— highest range "of its cultivation on the Andes, 2 S. iii. 153. de: Ug vere with, in steeping the seeds, 2 S. iii. (Hir eei ton 2°S. ii. 150, 1 Barnarp, Epwarp, Esq., vi. 955 5 S. iii. 35. notice of specimens E Ret Carnations exhibited by him, Dx . Jon, Esq., apple exhibited by, v Barner, Mr. James, an account and descrip- tion of the different varieties of strawberries cultivated in the "ueri s ppa vi. 145. x Mr Pirk, Beromoter, high, vii. 352; 362; 2.S-i.115, 194; 2 S, i. 75. ines ery bigh, 2 $i 298, 484; 2:8. : ce 28 iii. 228, 234. Barometer, ine rise " = vii. 352. ery low, vii. 352; 2 S. i. 298 ; 2 S. ii. 138, 185, 148, 321, 338, Fi 532, 546, 550 ; 2 8. iii. 2, 20,:22; 212, 214: Bann aud BROOKES, iii. 426 ; ; dv. 889, 839. i 170: 7. Barrett, Mr., vii. 150. BARRINGTON, Hun. Mrs., i. 12, 298; vii. 19. Barri ini speciosa, vii. 391. BARRON, 55. ARROW, Jois e of the grape- fruited M presented by oer iii. 358. BARTON, 108. Bartsia pallida, vi. 290, 291. BasELMAN, Major, i. 363. BasiNGTON, Mr., vii. 553. Basella nigra, v. 54. Bastarp, Lady Bnrpazr, i. 177. ——— ——- Pouexren, Esq. his remark re- specting vo and lemon trees grown in England, i. Battata, or iie potato 1, 10, 11. Bateman, Lord, iii. 178. BATEMAN, pea [^ particulars respecting the mode of cultivation, &c. of the Averrhoa Carambola, 2 S. ii. Mage ATES, Mr. Wir Bath Hoticiibdral Satisi 2 S. ii. 445. Batu, Marquess of, iii. 122. BarnuunsT, Earl, vi. Preface. po erg Caspar, i. 349; 849, 353; 15 415 385 vid, 420, 7423, 424, 440, U Baumann, Mr. Jacos, v. 335, 511 on e "modes of culti- vatin kas in ry v. 380. s 5. Miser 2 S. i 12, 145, 211, 284 ; 2 35359. di. 411. E Mr. WiLLIAM, iv. 128. account of the Pocock fig tree, iii. 433. Bay, sweet, 2 S. ii. 226, 244, 247 tree, cultivated upwards of two centuries in England, i. — white, or reet; in. 201. Bead tree, vi. 38. Brapon, Rev. Freperick, 2$. ii. 226, 232, 251, 295. BEALE res j Bean, an account dd sania, 2.8. i. 369. — — Broad, 2 S. i. 369. ——— Bog, 2 S. i. 369. — — Dutch Long Pod, 2 S. : 5 d 913. — — Dwarf Cluster, 2 S. i. INDEX. Bean, Dwarf Fan, 2 S. i. 369. —— Dark Red, 2 S. i. 373. —— Fan, 2 2 S. 1, 369. -— à Fleurs pourpres, 2 S. i. 370. — — Green Genoa, 2 S. i. 37 ——— Green Long Pod, 2 S. i 312, 313. Green Nonpareil, 2 S. i. 372. Green Windsor, 2 S. i. 373. — — Kentish Windsor, 2 S. i. 372. Lisbon, 2 S. i. —— Long Pod, 2 S. i. Co eds P S. i i. 371. Windsor, 2 S.i i. 371. Mazagan, 2 S. i. 370 Early, 2 S. i » - 373. oe De oe. = = È ri Red steam en 2 S. 1. 370. —— Sandwich, 2 S. i. 371. Searlek Disina 2 S. 1. 870. ——— Spanish, Small, 2 S. i. 372. — — Stidolph’s New Early, 2 " X 370. —— Toujours Verte, 2 S. i. Vert de la Chine, g& tL a i. 871. I lossomed, 2 S. 1. 370. a 2 S i 2913 3783 9. B: in. Broad, 2 S. i. 372. Green, 2 S. i. 372, 373. Kentish, 2 S. i. 312. Red, 2 S. i. 373. Ta ylors 2 5. i. 972, 913. — — Wrench’s Early M oon, 2 S. i. 371. Scarlet Runner (Phaseolus), 2 S. iii. —— "Freneh, 2 S. ii. 59. a White, vi vi. 55. Beans, oe with, in steeping the seeds, 2 2 iii. . D. On the cultivation and mangement of the uie tribe, 2 S. ii. xiv Beattie, Mr. WinLrAM, vi. 52, 170. De- scription of a Vinery, and mode of training practised in it, v. 495. BEAUCHAMP, Guod RGE, Esq. T specimens of a Walnut sent by him, iv. 517 Beaufortia decussata, 2 S. ii. 247. Beavvorr, R. e, 2 S. 1. 543. BEAUVOIS, Baron De, v. 444, 460. Beaver Wood, iii. 201. Beck and ALLAN, Messrs., iv. 384. degian, vii. 83. Bédéguar, ii. 242. BEDFORD, Duke of, vi. 290 ; 2 S. ii, 226, 459. Beech, i. App. 17; 2 S. ii . 252. Bees, how emiti in Cburrdiouss (1L 15k Beet, account of the cultivated species and varieties, iii. 272 Bassano, 2 S. iii. 52; 59: Castelnaudary, 2 S. di 98. —— Dwarf Red, ill. 274. 3, Green- os Red, i iii. 277. —— lrish Sea, vi. —— Large-rooted Red, iii. 213. Large Yellow, ili. 277. Long-rooted Red, iii. 273. rave, iii. 2 —— — —— Cham être, iii. 280 —— Red-stalk Leaf, 2 S. iii. 59. Sea, vi. 518 — — Small Yellow, i m 218. — — Striped, iii. ipei fed, iii. 275. — — White, iii. 283. — — — — Sugar, 2 S. iii. 59. —— Whyte's Dark Red, 2 S. iii. 52, 59. —— Yellow, large roots of, exhibited, iii. epe Leaf, 2 S. iii. 59. — ——— ——— stemmed, 2 S. iii. 52. Befaria aen 28. iii. 128. — —— levis, 2 S. iii. 128. mexicana, 2 S.i ii. 120. eii 2 $. iii. 158. Begonia Evansiana, used as an esculent, iv. 401. longirostris, 2 S. iii. 155. — ——— trach ptera, 2 S. iii. 158. Belamcanda chinensis, i. 313. Be.rrecp, Rev. F. 2 S. i. 534. on the rero of Chli- danthus fragrans, 2 S. ii. BELLARDI, Signor CARLO, 5 "261. Sean (a name of Orache), vii. 130. Ben . CHARLES, notice of Oranges ex- hibited by, i ui 128. INDEX. BENTHAM, GEORGE, Esq., vi. 205; 2 S. i. 457; ii. 438. h aat lants, raised in ee: Garden of the Horticultural Society, 2 S. 1. 403, 476 ; on Pus Salvia patens, 2 S. ii. 222. oo received from, 2 S. ii. 416, 417, 419. Benthamia fragifera, : s ii. 240, 242, 264. red, 2 Si 457. BENYON, 4 urn, o. vi. 174. Berberis, 2 S. i. ——-——- Aquifiliun, 2 S. ii. 242, 260, aristata, 2 S. ii. 240, 264. — — — — asiatica, 2 S. ii. 240, 264. éonferth, 2 S. ui. 151. 52. dealbata, 2 Eo ii. 250 ; 2 S. in. 147. dulcis, 2 S. ii. 282. empetrifolia, 2 S. ii. 282. — — — fascicularis, vi. 66 ; 28i ii. 242, 262; 2 S. in. 117 ——— Mee 2 S. iii. 150, 151, 160. —— — — glumacea, 2 S. ii. 242, 262. — —— — gracilis, 2 S. iii. 124, 143. Hartwegii, 2 S. iii. 121. lanceolata, 2 S. i en — —— ——— loxensis, 2 S. iii. 150. — ———— napalensis, 2 S. i. 461. — — —- pallida, 2 S. iii. 124. : pinnata, vi tenuifola, 2 S. iii. 116. a ux trifoiata, 2 S. ii. 989; 2 S. ii. ————— : vulgaris, notice of sweet variety of, iv. Berberry, supposed to cause mildew in wheat, Biss, Professor, vi. 537. ikhach, iii. App. 26 Berikokka, i iii. App. 25. Beringella, vii. 83. Berkach, iii. App. 26. BERKELEY, Rev. Mr., plants received from, ii. hein palmæfolia i i. 310. Dr., vii. 422. garis, iii. 283. Betterave, la Disette Blanche, iii. 282. louer y" Disette Rouge, ou Rose, iii. 282. Betterave, Grosse Blanche de Prusse, iii. 282. H Jaune de En ne t iii. 276. Jaune à Sucre, iii. 279, Rouge de Costelnsudari, i iii. 276. — —-—— Rouge Grosse, iii. 273, 277. — ——— Rouge Petite, iii. 275, —— — Rouge Ronde Précoce, iii. 275. edt iii. 281. Beyas fasiula, vi. BrasorETTO, Dr., gum received from, 2 8. ii. 411, 413 Brckzs, M., 9 S. ii. 202. BIDDULPH, "Mrs. Mypp.eton, 2 S. i. 546. BIEBERSTEIN, opr gg Von, vi. 89, 90. — y ii. App. 1 ———— à écorce mei ii. App. 15. ———— violette, iii. App. 15. Bicas, Mr. ARTHUR, i. 269. _ his account of some new SU venusta, vii. 392. on its cultivation, 2 S. 1.122. Bilva, v. 118. Billardiera longiflora, 2 S. ii. 247. Birchi, v. rds Birci, v. ISHOP of Pace d iv. 337, — —— Mr. Tuomas, iv. pnt vi. 172. Bisset, Mr., m S. i. 227, 234, 235. Buack, Dr., 3. Black plum "of ierra Leone, v. 455. ace JOHN, Esq., i i. 215, 211, 308. Blackening garden walls, vi. 452. Blackwellia -— vi. 269. Brapa, Mr., vii. BLAGDEN, Sir Cass ii. 184. Brain, Mr. T., 2 S. i. 534. Brake, Mr. THOMAS, vii. 163 ee Mn metdud of treating the Azalea indica, iv. sera propagating choice dahlias by grafting, iv. dfi LE Nt een 58 of —- 2 Sy i 82. Tene nog da. figured, i. 18. Blanchin pot or sea- 1. P San apple exhibited by, Resumen Marquess of, i. 290. Blandfordia nobilis, i. BLANTYRE, Lord, 2 8. li. 525. INDEX. eres powder, 2 S. iii. 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, Patras australe, i iii. 841. — — — boreale, iii. 341. Bléte, iii. 285. Bletia, analysis of, 2 S. iii. 54. hyaeinthina, 2 S. ii. 252. Blighia oe v. 90. Blight, v Blinbing, v. ds a S. ii. 30. Brrrg, 2 S. ii. Biois, Sir Cae i in. 17. Sir Jon, iii. Blossom buds, on the transplantation. of, ii. T. Blossoms, method of setting them in cherry- houses, i. 151. BLUME, Dr; vii. 71. BLUNT, Joseu, Esq., 2 S. iii. 35. Bosart, JACOB, gs i. 346 ; n. 274. Bobartia indica, i. 31 Borum, Epmunp, Esq., iii. 102. ms plants re : cosi tni and section troughs for, iv. 402. vücbesf il method of managing, iv. 395. Boilers of various constructions, figured, vii. 570. rinciples of their construction relatively to the extent of surface of glass, 2 S. 1. 203. Bolangena, vii. Boletus, 2 S. iii. 53. lacrymans, ii. 82. ————— squamosus, ii. 83. Borron, Mr. James, i. 277. Bonapartea, i. 270. Bonp, Hem re his mode of managing straw Bone-ash, 2 S'i iii. ii. 96, 100. Bone-dust; 2 S. in. 45, 48, 50, 51, 97. Bonne-Dame (a name of Orache), vi i. 130. Bonnet, M., ii. 149; i ii. 351; 4. 942. Bonpland, vi. dis s 477; vii. 49, ^" 2 S.1i. 223. v. 86. Boonr, Mr., 2 S. i. 546. Booru, Mr. W. Tieri, etn ii. am, 238,455. al of Meteor- ological Observations Fur in the garden of the Society during the year-1826, vii. 102. 27; vii 846. 1828, 2 S. i. 111. 1829, 2 S. i. 171. 1830, 2 S. i. 297. upon n the species and E of Camellia and Thea, vii. 519. Booru, Messrs., 2 S. ii. 411. Bootusy, Sir Brooke, i. 269, 292, 295, 301. Extract of a letter from, respecting some improvements in gardening, ii. : Boothia, 2 S. i. 405. Borage, 2 8. iil. 52, a Borders for peach trees, iv. 81. ———— for fruit eter terii of, 2 Sit BR form ation of; 2 S. n. 55. cropped and Luneropped respective temperatures of - : S.i — Green, ii. 310 Purple, ii. 312; v. 10. Variegated, ii. 313. BoncnEsE, Prince ANTONIO, i iii. App. 6. Bonouz, FRANCESCO, 1 Borrer, Mr. Warum, i iv. FTT Bosc, M. 3 WA. Botan, vi. 468, 487. Boucue, M., v. 4; vii. 421. BoUGAINVILLE, v. 126, 251; 2 S. i. 830, 331. BovavEn's table of rays reflected from glass, i. 163. Boursattt, M., iv. 172; 415. Boussingaultia baselloides, 2 " ii. «toi Bouvardia triphylla, : S. i opptrer vii. 501. Bowers, Mr. Jony, dederiptioà of a nectarine tree at West Dean House, v. 523. irections for destroying ee bug and scale on pine-apple plants, vi 117 Bows, Capt., v. 252. Bowlesia acutangula, 9 S. iii. 156. Box for pent plants rens gea voyages, 199. Box tree, i. App. 2 poc Jons, Esq., pa apple exhibited by, 268. Bütasinttiy; Mr. WirLrAM, account of his de of cultivating the water-cress, iv. Brappick, Jony, Esq., iii. 268, 283, 324, 326; iv. 513; 4:65, 406, 407, 411. : account of Braddick s n the cultivation of American peach, ii. "- the true samphire, i ii 2m. n the treatment of the Cactus opuntia, or or Prickly p em ii. e n comm pc the keeping of rs applet and pears, ii. 399. INDEX, Brappick, Jonn, Esd., Lan sent by him, tii, 317, ) ice of a seedling | Hamburgh grape axle by him, iv. 54. notice of a mode of preserving grapes, iv. 143. notice of a. peach raised by, iv. 209. ice of a method of grafting fruit trees did by him, iv. 410. flat peach of China exhibited by, iv. 512. ear exhibited by, iv. 520. j É count of a compo- .Sition for the PERS am a insects on fruit trees, vi. 541. on grafting vines, v. 201. ——— — apple exhibited by, v. 269. e on a wash for fruit trees, v. 319. —————— apple exhibited by, v. 402. " z Brapuey, Ricuarp, v. 63. e Mr, ridens to the Eau of Arran, 2 S. i. 543. Bramble, 2 S. 1. 465. RAND, Hon. Tuomas, iv. 52. Bnaxpr, i. 3 Bnaxeny, Rev. Jons, vi. 577; on the culti- vation of Tetragonia ae ae v. 282 Brass, Mr. WILLIAM, v vola glauca, 2 $i n nodosa, vii. 70. ve nosa, 2 S, iii. 136, 142. CEDE brachiata, 2 S. iii. 141. guttata, 2 S. ii. 141. ica, memoir on the um. species, races, and varieties of the genu —— —- asperifolia, v. 26. — ——- campestris, v. 20, 21, 23, 30, 42. ———————— Napo-brassica, v. 24, 25. , 116, 141. —— o communis, produce of oil, v. 41. ——————— Ruta-b Y. 25. M Ruta-baga, evi. DOMNUM RN produce of oil, v. 41, 42. = oleifera, v. 21, 22, 39 produce of oil, v. 41. pabularia, v. 23, 40. capitata polycephala, v. 15. 72^ elongata, v. | Eruca, vi. 53. — fimbriata, v. 10, 11, Xvu — L Brassica finibriata. viridis, v. gongylodes, v. 18; vi. i 53. napella, v. 30. apo-brassica communis, v. 25. Napus, v. 23, 26, 27, 30, 42 or tape, remarks on a variety oL1.26. — esc aion enta, v. 32. oleifera, v. 99. 28, 31. roduce of oil, v. 41. oleracea, v. 3, 21, 30, 39, 40. acephala, v. 7. fimbriata, v. 297. produce of oil, v. 41. palmifolia, v. 11. fimbriata purpu- rascens, v. 11. bullata, v. 13. var. bullata aurata, v. 14. var. bullata gemmifera, v. 14. var. bullata humilis, v. 14. - var. bullata major, v. 14. var. bullata oblonga, v. 14. var. bullata precox, v. 14. var. bullata 'l'urionensis, v. 14. var. bullata vulgaris, .v. 14. botrytis, v var. days asparagoides, v. 20. var. botrytis cauliflora, v. 19, 39. var. botrytis Pow v. 20. sylvestris, v. acephala fibriata versicolor, ¥. A1, var, costata, v. 12, 20. : var. costata nepenthiformis, figured, v. 13. capitata, v. 15. var, capitata conica, v. 16. var. capitata elliptica, v. 16. var. EEIN depressa, v. 16. capitata obovata, v. 16. var. nt om OUS spherica, v. 16, var. caulo-rapa purpurascens, var. caulo-rapa communis, var. caulo-rapa, v. 17, 24. precox, v. 33, 34. uce of oil, v. 41. mg y. 10. ram ad 19, 21, 26, 27, 31, 36. depressa, y. 27, 42. IND Brassica - depressa ye v. 28. flavescens, v. 28. nigricans, v. 28. viridis, v. 28. oblonga, v. 28, 32. oleifera, v. 29, 30. —— rubra, v. —— —— sabellica, v. 10. mA— v. 9. washitana, iv Bravoa geminiflora, 2 S. iii. 122. Bret, Rev. WinLiAw THOMAS, si ^ ii. 851. ce of fruit exhibited by him, iv. 219. Breepon, Rev. Joun Symonps, i iii, 268. iy AF MR by, v. 400. = — Dr, iii. 322 Breese, Mr. Jonw, o on a method of foreing aches and nectarines, principally by dung- eat, v. 218. his method of growing eife ge with bottom-heat from dung, vi relies a La, 2.S.i. 71, 798, 269. Brevoort, Mr., vi. 411, 14. Brewer, Mr, 2 S. i BnExNtrus, iv. 329. Brippen, Mr. WirLLIAȚm, 2 S. i. 546. . B Sir Harrorp Jones, vii. 586 ; 2 S. i. Brid GEWATER, Countess of, vi. 567 ; vii. 213. Brajal,. iv. 329. idis a variety of the common -plan vil. 83; 2 S. pe s — a ions e cultivating and cooking it, vi. 116.. Buispane, Sir CHARLES, vi. 309. of preserving in winter, ii. 304. desdeiption of the different DN pvp mode of eultivating — 1. Autumnal, iii. 161, 162. Cape, mode of growing, iv. 559. Casliover, i ii i166. : happels, 2 S. iii. 52, 60. Pe aR ii. 165. Dwarf Brown Close-headed, i iii. 165. . Early Purple, iii. 163. hints relative to the ——M——— pois from the e of Good Hope, i. 117 culture of, i. 116. ? Broccoli, Early White, i iii. 164. Grange’s ay Cauliflower, iii. 163. Green Cape, in. 162. Green Close-headed Winter, i iii. 163. Knight's Protecting, 2 S. iii. 60. Late Dwarf Close- headed y Purples me — iii. 166. Maltese, v eee nin iii. i. 165. ran [n] d Spring White, iii. 166. Sulphur-coloured, iii. 165. Tall Large- -headed Purple, iii. 165. Victoria, 2 S. iii. 52, 60. BnowrrELp, Dr., 2 S. ii. 2 Brooks, GEonGE, Esq., vi Brooker, Mr. CHARLES, notice of an apple exhibited by him, iv. 217 Brookes, Mr. SAMUEL, iv. 354; v. 414 ; vi. 90, 324, 334 ; vii. 180, pee 526, 541. ce relative to the flowering of Lilium Japonica, iv. 551 Chrysanthe- mums in his mns Y. 7159. BROOKHOUSE, Josse, Esq., his method of cul- tivating cucumbers in a peach- -house, v. 487. BrooxsHaw, 2 S..1,,855. Broom, 2 S. ii. 225, 237, 245, 280. Brorero, Professor, iv. 259, 260; v. 27. BROUSSONET, Professor, i. 305, 347, 350; 179. bulbs of the Thelysia grandiflora transmitted to England by i. 304. Drinkit pyrifera, vi. 496 ; 2 S. ii Brown, ok PAi . 257. LES, 2 S. i. 581, ” 534, 545, 546. I on the application of steam to fiii i. 320 the advantages of a span-roofed house f for r forcing peaches, iv v. 562. Mr. Moszs, iii. 320. h Es sent by him to the Society, e 315, 3 Ronen 25, 280, 332, 336, ne iv. 58, 330; v. 90, 91, 440, 441, 6, rto 453, 56; vi. 168; xii. 17, 20, 21, 28; 2 i. 49, 4 B ue Ronznr, of Perth, iv. 285; vi. 168. INDEX. Brown John, and Brown Joli West Indian names of the egg-plant, vii. 83. Browne, Henry, Esq., ii. 374, Parrick, iii. 102. Bruce, ROBERT, ro 4 2 S. i, 230. Brugmansia, 2 S. ii. 282. — — —— — sanguinea, 2 S. iii. 151, 154. Brugnons, v. 535. Brunia cien det 2.8. n on the im af ‘the bulbs of that genus, iv — ———— Jpsephine, 2 S. ii. 221. Brussels. pectic ii. 309; 2 S. iii. 52 ; v. 14. n their cultivation and vari- ation, iii. 197. Bryoeles ventricosa, i. 335. Buah kandis, v. 117. —— malaka, v. 117. BucHan, Mr. WaLtAM, 2 S. 1. 10. on the er am of the cinnamon in England, 2 S. ii. — large te grown 264. BUCHANAN , Mr. J., 28. x, 595. Buchanania latifolia, v. 120. Buck, n Ronznr, vi. 161; 2 S. i. 169, 546. ILLIAM, vl. 384 ; vii. 198; 2 S. ——— i. 21, 24. notice of a pit for fruiting pines and melons; with observations on the _ Próđúction of seeds of MANNA. iv. 533. in pots exhibited regm iv. 560, seedling grape exhibited by, v. 399. his account of the El- ford or Buck's Scarlet rhubarb, vii. 89. 2 uim Mr., plants received from, 2 S. 1. 411. rema Duke of, vi. 164. ARQUESS of, vi. 164. Bucxrev, Major, 2 S. iii. Badding, on a new and expeditious mode of, ———— on the usual method of, as regards fruit trees, i. 215 ; i. App. 5. Mrd anie sie of ro roses, vi. 317. Buddlea bullata, 3 S. iii, 154. bosa, i. 176 ; Vil. 40; 2 S. ii. 242. — iv. Bus, vem Cen 2 S. ii. 415. ` Bulbocodium bana i 944. — — — —- minus, i. 350. ——— tenuifolimná, 3 i. 350. Bulbous-rooted plants, their manner of gene- their formation depends on leaves, i. 325. treatment for continuing them in a "d condition, i. 862. e genera Crinum and Amaryllis, iii. 1 Cap, their cultivation in the open borders, iv. we of, poi travelling, v. 197, T Sir ios Ny, 2 S Ld 458. Burrock, Mr. asd iii, 921, 865. Bumelia, v. 465. tenax, 2 S. ii. 272. Bunsoury, Sir Henry, vii. 438, 498. Bunce, Mr., plants received from, 2 S. ii. 418, 419. Buonarurt, M., i. 93; iii. 218, 224, 228. Buphthalmum lineare, vii. 51. Bupleurum fruticosum, 2 S. ii. 272. Buncnanpr, 2 S. ii. 415. BuncnuEsLL, Mr., iii. 204; i iv. 181, 184; v. 92. BuncknanDr, M., v. 88; vi. 431. Buncuznsn, Lord, vi. 543. BURLINGTON, Earl of, i. 108. Burmann, vi. 266. Burn, Mr. Henry, iii. 328. account of the Tottenham. Park Muscat dro vi. evi. 132, Burney, Dr., Russia, to preserve winter, iv. 405. ____—--—— notes by, on horticultural subjects, iv. 568. Bote, Marquess of, i. 286. — Marchioness of, i i. 270; iii. 224, 225. Butter and tallow tree, v. 197, 451. | 2 S. i. 263, 276. Buxus, 2 S. i, 465. balearica, 2 S. ii. 242, 272. . W., Esq., on the cultivation of Chli- dànthus fra. ,25.n . 92. Byrnes and Hooton, 2 8. ii, 380, 381, 392, 393, 394, 398, 399. Bywa, iii. G. Cagrgace, memoir on the, and genera allied to E Ww a | INDEX. bens ci. oe cure for, vi. 29. butterfly prevented from infesting, by by hemp a iv. 569. -—— — ——— cultivation of, in sS iii. 184; v. 50. . 2 S. iii. 60, rsea, v. Blistered, v. : 13. ——— O67, — Oak-leaved, v. 10. Open, v. 7. Palm-leaved, v. 11. Red, 2 S. iii. 60. dde iE RE mec v. 15. all, v ———— "hace. headed, ii. 314 ; v. 9. 'Tree, notice of a large one, vi. 115. Turnip-rooted, v. 25. Vanack, vi. 567. Wild, v. American, i iv. 444. — Yor 16. Cacalia Kleini 2 S. ii. 269. g the, v. 485. Cactus oi on its cultivation and management, 2 S. i. 401; 28. i. 459. flagelliformis, v. 485. Jenkinsoni, 2 S. i. 401. Opuntia, on n reatment, i ii. 238. ae repandus, <= speciomns, v. ish; A i. 401. ———7* triqueter, v. 485. CADEN €— Mes. ii. 378 ; v. 260; vi. 156. Cæpa sylvestri 8376; Cainito (of Afzelius), v. 458, 463. Calabash, Peg 101. 2s 137. Gifedius ell boriliN d i. 266. when and by whom introduced, i. 267. — ————— odorum, vii. y Calathea flavescens, vii. Calceolaria angustifolia, 2 E z 283. BUE cT ae n onali IEEE integrifolia, v vi. i 03; 2 S. ii. 288. XX ‘Calceolaria rugosa, vi. 63 ; 2 S. ii. 283. aralia, vi. 273. . ii. 283. ——— — — viscosissima, 2 S. ii. 252, 282, 283. CALDCLEUGH, Mr. communication from, a ac- companying specimens of the native wild potato of South America, v. 254. Caledonian Slagle og Society, 2 S. ji. 49. Calendula in 31:99. tomeffibs, vi. 99. CALEY, Mr. GEORGE, vii. 57. Caliphruria Tetea 2 S. iii. 161. ALL, GEORGE Isaac, Esq., large gourd sent by him, iii. 364. Mr. Martin MILLER, description of the steam-pits inthe xiAT: Gardens of Taurida at St. Petersburg, iv. Calla ethiopica, vi. 438 ; vii. i. 845 2 S. ii. 270. Callicarpa japonica, v. 117. SS langifalia, vi. 263. —— ————— rubella, vi. 263. Callimato tree, v. 98. Callisia repens, i. 272. Callistemon lanceolate, 2 S. ii. 240, 248. — — ——— speciosus, 2 S. ii. 248. Callitris uree 2 Sii. 247. Calochortus, account of x t oes of, vii. 275. — alb i. 411. Caloprasum Gorllacun, 3 2 S. iii. Caloseris rupestris, 2 S. iii. 1 Calothamnus a 2 S. ii. 248. ALVERT, CHARLES, Esq. stra trawberries ex- hibited by, vi. 539. ——— — aim ER, Esq., specimens and go = - Fonet cherry ie by mee. precox, vii Calycophyllum coccineum E S. iii. 160. Calypso borealis, vi Calyptranthes caryophyllifolia, vii. 59. Camaridium ochroleucum, vi. 280. 24. Cambridgeshire Hortieultural Society, vii. 1 Camelina sativa, v. P roduce of oil, v. = on their management when forced, 2 S. i. 82. cultivation of, in an open border, vii 168. INDEX. h Camellias, ag errs of the species and va- rieties of, Camellia, y darts e ais vii. 539. ese menm vii. 526 — —— — axillaris, vii. 531. ——— Le Blanc’s Réd, vii. 553. Captain Rawes's, vii. 528. —— — — Crimson Shell, vii. 555. — Fringed White, vii. 536. japonica, i. 175; vii. 529; 2 S. ii. 237, 242, 251. alba plena, vii. 535. flora, vii. 54 atrorubens, vil. 551. nea, vii. crassinervis, vii. 542. Double Red, 2 S. ii. 258. Double white, 2 S. 1. 258. fimbriata, vii. 536. imbricata, vii. 555. ta, vii. 545. luteo-albicans, vii. 553. myrtifolia, vii. 542; 2 S. peoniflora alba, vii. 548. = ida, vii. 547. rosea, vii. 547. Parksii, vii. 556. ——— — —— rubra plena, vii. 538. Sabiniana, vii. 551. semiduplex, vii. 549. gle Red, 2 S. ii. 258. omoes fimi y p er OROSA oped Double Red, 28. ii. 258. variegata, vii. 537. 7 ——— — —— variabilis, figured, vii. 545: Lady Ban 21. ~~ Hume's cma vii. 539. Camellia, Loddiges’ og vii. 551. — maliflora, v 6. ts Middlemist's Red, vii. 550. — — —— Myrtle leaved, vii. 524. rge, vii. 543. — —— — Nipal, vii. 525. — —— — oleifera, vi. 588; ; vii. 524. — — — — Oil-seed, vii. 524. — — ——-— Peony-flowered, Blush, vii. 547, Red, vii. 547. Mabe gi Vil. 548. ink, vii. 550. Palmer's Double Sasanqua, vii. 527. ; MR Parks's Striped Rose, vi 5 € ompone, vii. 548. p' xo Rawes's Vireg ‘Waratah, vii. 4, ——— reticulata, vi. 528. —— — — Rose, vii. 550. — — — Sabine’s White, vi i. 557. — ————— Semidouble Red, vii. 549. — — ——- Single Red, vii. 529. —_— Sasanqua, vii. 521, 561. rosea, vil. 527. ———— Various-flowered, mgt vii. 545. Waratah, vii. 540 effect of ringing it, iv. White, vii. 548. — WODNE D a vii. 552. ————— White Anemone-flowered, vii. 548. CAMERARIUS, ii. d ae: v. 18; = Eva CAMERON, Mr., U d, Sussex; i iv. Camnie, 2 S. ii. Campanula rapunculus, iii i. 19. CAMPBELL, Mr. Alexander, 2 S. ii. 455. ————— CHAR LES, Esq., iii. 45, 317 ; iv. 4. Dr. CHARLES, iv. 423. WarrER FREDERICK, Esq., vii. 209. Mr., go seed-steeping prac- tised by, 2 S. iii. amphorosma ou EM vii. 93. gigantea, indica, vi. 71385 vii. 37. iridiflora, vi at nepalensis, ¥ vil. 391. ——— patens, vi. . Canrew (Telina v. 120. Cape bulbs, 2 S. ii. Iw Caperonier, i. App. 1 Canes M. v. 40 V. CAPPER, WALTER Wir, uad vi. 179. ——r— «Long s, vik xxi INDEX. Caprifolium ee €——À1 osum, etse 2 mede — » Esq., notice A bot exhi- bited b bins A iv. 218. Capsella Bursa Pastoris, i iv. 444 ; 2 S. i. 446. Capsicum, v. Mire de dwarfed by the Chinese, iv. Capuccia, l Capucine petite, vi. 586 Caragana, vi. Carbon, from leaves, a 8.n..311. Carbonate of Lime, 2 S. iii. 54, » — ————— of Magnesia, 2 S. iii. 54, 56. of Soda, 2 S. iii. 39, 40, 49, 89, 191, 192. Cardamomum officinale, i. 282. Carde, vii. 9. Cardes, iii. 284. ardon à cótes rouges, vii. 12, "Espagne, vii. 9, 11. pleine inerme, vii. 11. pleine et sans épines, vii. 11. de Tours, vii. 9, 12 épineux à cótes trés pleines, vii. 12. Clone vii. 11. Cardoon, on the varieties of, vii. 9. cultivation of, vil. 13. — NM CARLISLE, rene Es ., preliminary obser- vations to Vol. IL =o T ; - account of a walnut tree which bore fruit at an early period from seed, ii. 3. n the connection between the leaves and fruit of vegetables, with other physiological observations, i li. 184. Carmichelia australis, 2 S. ii. 248, 269. CARNARVON, Ee of, ni. 189, 252; iv. 499; * v 301; 2 Si 293. Ec Mr., fruit. trees received from, 2 S. ii. Carnations, cultivation of, 2 S. i. 162. _ xxii Carnation, Dwarf, iv. 556. —— ———— White te Ear, i ii. 404. Carnivorous animals, observations respecting, i. 248. Carolinea i insignis, vii. 390. Carpodinus acidus, v. 456. — ———— . dulcis, v. 455. ipae the Turkish name of the water-melon, 1. 58. | Car Pus-poo, i i. 284. Carraway, 2 S. iii. 61. Carrots, 2 S. iii. 52. method of rearing seed of, in the East Indies, v. 51 Garden , description and account of the different viricfies; iv. 3 mode of proce early, yi. 370. Altrincham, iv. 388. Blanche, iv. ' 385. Chertsey, iv. 387. Common Early Horn, iv . 985. Early D iv. 385; 2 S. iii. 60. d Horn, iv. 385. -aaa Red, of the Dutch, iv. iind —— — — Green-topped, iv. 388. — Jaune, iv. 386. Longue, i iv. 386. IPIE T Horn, i iv. 985. — et Orke 3 x n Red, iv. of the Dutch, iv. 385. Longue, iv. 387. Pale de Flandres, i iv. 986. — —— Sandwich, iv. 386. — White, iv. 385. a — ——- Wild, upon its improvement, 2 S. ie nis Nell, 1 iv. 386. Carroty disease of plants, aecount of, i. 357. Carter, Mr. DANIEL, i iii. 440. method of treating the Polyanthus. Fasi i. 362. eig: z ^s m. 1498. . Cass Caminie } lcpopkgilt, vi. 265. Castalia pygmzea, iii. 28, 33. Castanea ementi me vi. 495. 495. Castilleja fisifolia, 2 S. iii. 160. INDEX. Castilleja pati. 2 S. ii. 156. — ———— septentrionalis, vi. 290. Par asuarina, account of a species of, growing in the gardens of Belvedere, near T i iil. 932 ; figured, ib. “equisetifolia, i iii. 332; iv. 58; 2 S. ii. quadrivalvis, i E 58. — ———— stricta, 2 S. i CASWALL, Cigna: e ., vi. 214. ———— — — — —— notice of a large gourd sent by him, iii. 364. erg woe by, v. 401. Catalpa syringzfolia, Catasetum, analysis of, 2 S. iii. aA integerrimum, 2 S. iii. 142. pipra 2 S. ui. 132: ——— culatum, 2 S. iii. 142. DCUM o on n Brit deed, destruction of, v. 76. ————- mode of destroying them on goose- __ berry-bushes, vii. 403. Catesby, i. 339 ar Wir IAM, Esq., iv. 261; v. 74, 80, 112; vii. 536, 538, 541, 548; 28.i . 43. account of Psidium Cattleyanum, i iv. 315. Cattleya cit citrina, 2 S. iii. 127. . 281. — ——- guttata, figured, 2 S. ii. 177. — 7 matila, 4: S. i iil. 160. . 146. Skinneri, 2 S. iii Ciutat of plants, its utility i in the process of 18. germination, i. Caulet, v. 8. Cauliflower, v. 20; 2 S. ii. 237. ———— plants, on their management, to secure a good produce during winter, v. 280. hod of mens v. 965. l . 60. CAYANILLES, i. 85, a 98; iii. 230, 224, 225 ; vi 273; 2S. ii. 223, Cavolo torsolo riccinto, vi. 568. Cavan, vi. 58. limon, Lord, notice of a e pine-apple grown in his garden, v. 264 Cazow, v. 92. Ceanothus — eae Cebadilla, 2 S. ii. 395 ; d iii. 116, 117. Cedar of Lebanon, i. App. 17 account of the growth of, in the gardens at Hopetoun House, vi. 429. Cedrates, iii. App. 7. — ——— common gourd-shape jii. i 8. common furrowed, iii. App. 8 gigantic mltiform, i iii. App. 8. sweet, of o, iii. dh 8. dolcissimo di d Regg volgare solcato, iii. ^s 8. Celeriac, iv 36, 2 observations on, with directions for its cultivation, i iii. its cultivation as practised in Denmark German . 419, Ciis. procter ES of, i iii. 45. of growing early, v. 492. ddnde of, vii. 43; and of late, vii. 91. 60. Celsia cretica, vii. 42. Celtis ie ge vi. 35. cordata, vi. 495. orisala" vi. 495 ; 2 S. ii. 272. —— Tourneforti, vi. 495. Centaurea solstitialis, vi. 51. Centropogon calycinus, 2 S. iii. 155. Lii Se Cerastium densum, 2 S. iii. Cerasus Capollim, 2 S. ii. 351. —— ——— caroliniana; 2 S. ii. 260. deeumana, 2 S. i. 273. laurocerasus, 2 S. ii. 238, 242, 276, lusitanica, 2 S. ii. a 276, 277. deperit 28.1379. ——— S. iii. 158. Ceratiola posed 2 S. ii. 260. Ceratonia Siliqua, vi. 34 ; 2 S. ii. 273. Ceratostemma rigidum, 2 S. iii. 158. Cercis MN vi. 33, 494; 2 S. ii. 278, Cer s Fothergilloides, 2 S. iii. 126, Sites Ackermann, 2 S. iii. 181, senilis, 2 S. iti. 123, 147. Cerisiers, 2 S. i. 2. Ceroxylon audiéóti 2 S. ii. 239; 2 S. iii. 150, 161. Cestrum buxifolium, 28. ii. 160. noeturnu 211. gtogastra pé OE 2 S. iii. 159. INDEX. Chamzrops CnALIE, CHALMERS, (ovs 4 n aet pear grown in her garden, 2 S. ii. JHAMBERLAYNE, Fs is i. Pref. Chámpádak (Jack-fruit), v. 1108, 1 109. CHANDLER, Messrs., vii. 538, 540, 541, 543, 544, 547, 552; 2S.i. Bt 534. Chapada (Jack-fruit), v v. Cuapman, Mr. ee vi. ny on the cultivation of the Granadilla, iv. 60. ick 2 S. ii. 236, 239, 273. i. 168. account of his mode of forcing figs, vi. 365. Cu avra, M. 2 S. i. 330. i. a-et its, effect in tettoriug to health the root of a hyacinth, iv. 130. — dust, 94 the use of, as a top-dressing for onions, and as a cure for the clubbing in cabbages, vi Tm Chardon, vii Charter of iie Horticultural Society of Lon- don, i. 1. CHARLWOOD, Mr., 2 S. ii. 345. Chataignier, i i. 140. CuaTwiN's manure, 2 S. iii. 96, 99. ' Cha-whaw, vii. 523. (EK Cheilanthes pro. iii. vas Cheiranthus xs den v. gae vi. i. 313. iadi aatia Geulosus, y. 9. Cheirostemon haer 5 ii. 132, 143. Chelone centranthifolia, 2 481. e Botanical Garden, iv iv. 330 Š Chemical Committee of the Horticultural So- ciety, 2 S. iii. 35. aea Tien alom- iv. 489. : us ee 2 S. ii. 52, 61. —— — — ——— fruticosum, 2 213. Cheremi, v. 115. Cherimoyers, v. 102; 2 S. iii. 129, 139, 157. ————— suggestions respecting their cul- ture, vii. 254 Casares Mr. * Fo received from, 2 S. ii. 41 nes, 28.1 edes: for forcing, iv. 109. — ———— forcing of, unsuccessfully tried in a eurvilinear house, vi. 379. on a method of forcing, 2 S. i. 101. € "E esp upon the principal varieties, account of two varieties of, by Thomas Andrew mht Esq., ii. 137. bea quotation from Virgil respecting, ii, a native of Britain, ii. 139. when first introduced into Rome, i. 152; carried thence into A ib.; eight kinds mud to the Romans, čb. — raising an early mera of « one of the ioii 1 for which x Horticultural Society offered premiums, eis Adam’s ating S. i. 968, Allerheiligen "ces 2 S. i. 287. Allsaints, 2 S. i ———.e Altendorfer, 2 s i. "o Amarelle, 2 S. i. 292. Klei eine Frühe, 2 8. i. 292, Königliche, 2 S SEMT A 23S... No Ambrée de Choisy, 2 28.i “280. of Duhamel, ii. 137, 208. p EN. 2 S. 1. 281, 283. tardive, 28. i. 276, 283. Ansell's fine black, 2 S. i 254. le de Choisy, 28.i 0. es ii. 137, 330; 2 S. i. 261, 293; 2 a hard-fleshed one, like it, known to the peta i. SE Black, 2 Blanc any m Hildeshei- mer, 2 S. i. 265. : Couleur de Chair, 2 S. i. 264. Gros, 28. i a Gros D od 2.8 i. 264. Gros Monstrueux, 2 S. i. 262. Gros Noir, 2 S. i. 255. de Hollande, 2 s. i 261. i. 265, 294. Turkey, 2 S. i. 261. d ——— Bigarreautier à Feuilles de Tabac, 28. i 278. à Grandes Feuilles, 2 S. b 275. Tardif à Tabac, 2 S. i. 273. Black Eagle, i H. 41945 figured, i ii. 198; ii. 208, 302 ; in. 212; 2 S.i 1 258, 293....—- a Black, “early, 2 2 S. i. 253. Feuiles de INDEX. Cherry, Black Heart, 2 S. i. 253. Büttner s, 2 S. i. fa radescant " 2 S. i. 254. Werder’s Tae e i. 259. Russian, 2 j^ ^ — —- Bleeding Heart, 2 S. i. — La Bonne Lyr 2 di i. 2 ——— Boreatton, 2 S. i. — Bouquet, 2 S. i. 388. Amarelle, 2 S. 1. Bowyer's Early Heart, 2 S. i. 1258, 294. 290. — ——- Brüsseler Braune, 2 S. i — — Büschel, 9 S. i. 288. Büttner's Neue Herz Kirsche, 28. i. 254. Neue Schwarze Herz Kir- i whe, 2 S. i. 254. Schwarze Herz Kirsche, 2 S. È 2 & 254. x Ye llow, 2 8.1. 215. Carnation, 2 S. i. 279 Caroon, black, 2 S. i. 253. Jeffrey’ s Royal, 2 S. i. 282. Cerise & Courte Queue, 2 E i. 286. —— de Provence, 2 S. 1. 280. osse à eae AM i. 290. du Nord, A - i ———— n S.i i. 290. Petite ae Pss. 25. i. Précoce, 2 S. i de St. Martin, 2 mi s 981, 290. ———— — — Tardive, 2 S. i. —— —— Cerisier 3 : Bouquet, 2 s à r ~~ tres Fertile, v. Nain à à Fruit ry Précoce, 2 S. i. 291. DRIN Nain Précoce, 2 S. i. 292. à Petit Fruit Noir, 2 S. 1.290. o ETC e ree : "a . 287. puce Re eai, 2 cuum Rage Hae 180. See S S SES E N Se — 269. — Churchill's Vicar, 2 r i. 270. oo 255. Circassian, 2 ! ——— Bla x 9 S. i. 256. ond 9 S. i. 255. . i. 288 mon SA 2 S. i. 285. — —— Commune à Prochet, i S. i. 285. — ——- Coularde, 2 S. i. 281. XXV o Cluster: 2 Comm Cherry, Cronberger Herz he 2 S. 1. 254. Crown, 2 S. i. 27 Double KERN vii. 238. Double Volgers, s S. i. 286. Doucette, 2 S. 1. 280. Downton, v. 2; 2.8. 1. 207, 293. — —— Duke, 2 $. 1. Ben Tax Fine Early, 2 S. i. 281. Buchanan’s Early, 2 S. i. 281. Early, 2 S. i. 281. Large TAR 2 S. i. 281. May, 2 5. Morris's, ^ S i. 981. Early, 2 S. 1. 281. Portugal, 2 S. i. 281. Royal, 2 S. i. 283, 293. Thompson's, 2 S. i. 281. Early May, 2 S. i. 291 ud Purple Guigne, 2 S. i. 259; figured, 2 S. i Early Richmond, 2 S. 1. 285. i . Elk-horn, 2.8. L 254. of Mar aryland, 2 S. i. 254. Elton, ii. 137, 208, 301; 2 S. i. 266, 3. English pom 9 S.1. 279, 287. Preserve, 2 S. i. 287. — Weichsel, 2 S. i. 286. — —— D'Espagne, 2 S. i. 282. Flandrische W. visti 9 S. i. 988. — — — Flemish, v. 296; 2 S. i. 285, 286. pU qe ji. 229, figured, ib.; 2 S. i. 267, 293, 2 Frünkische Wucher, 2 S. i. 289. Fraser's Black, 12 — ——- Gascoigne’s Heart, 2s. (s 270. — Gean Amber, d » m de Kleparow, 2 S. i. 284 Précoce, 2 S. i; 282. INDEX. Cherry, Griotte de Ratafia, 2 S. i. 290. —— — Griottier Nain Précoce, 2 S. i. 292. de Vilennes, 2 S. i. 279. Gros Gobet, 2 S. i. 286. — ——— Grosse Rouge wu 2 S. i. 219. Grosser Gobet, 2 S. i. 286. Guigne, 2 S. i. 281 Early Purple, 28. i. 259, 293, 294. Grosse Blanche, 2 S. i. 271. . 210. Guignier à Feuilles de Tabac, 2 S. 13. à Fruit Noir, 2 S. i. 253. à Rameaux Pendans, 2 S. i. 288. Harrison's Heart, 2 S. i. 261. Heck, 2 S. i. 288. Herefordshire Heart, 2 S. i. 270. Herteginne, 2 S. i. 27 ae Kirsche, Fraseri s Tartarische, 28.1.2 Swarze, 2 S. 1 256. Hildesheimer Spiite, 2 S. i. 265. Lauermann's, 2 S. i. 263. Napoléon’s, 2 S. i. 263. Tilgers Weisse, 2 S. Th de Hollande, 2 S. i. 281. à Feuilles de Saule, 2 S. i. 283. à Larges Feuilles, 2 S. i. 282. Hollandische, 2 S. i. 279. — —— Italian. Heart, 2 S. i. 261. Jeffrey's Royal, 2 S. i. 282. — — ———— Caroon, 2 S. i. 282. de Kent, 2 S. i. 286. Ken tish, v. 296 ; 2 S. i. 285, 286, 293, 294 ; 2 S. iii. 62. ————— Preserve, 2 = 287. d, 2S.i Red, 5. Kleparower Weichsel, as S. i. 284. — —— Knights Early Black, ii, 211; iv. 510; 2 S. i. 257, 293, 2 - Knorpel nilo, gH s Gelbe, 258.1275. 2 S. i. ae Wachs, osse Schwarze EI Fleisch, 2 S. i. ems Cherry, Knorpel Kirsche, Hildesheimer ganz Spáte, 2 S. 1. 265. Hildesheimer ganz Späte Weisse, 2 S. i — = berger cad ze Herz Kirsche, 2S.1. qe Kirsche, 254. — rus pum rd s Das 2 S. i. 215. n Drop, 2 S. i. 275. Yel flow: 2 S. 1. 275. —— ——— Lauermann's Kirsche, 2 S. i. 263. rosse Kirsche, 2 S. i. 263. Marmor Kirsche, Spáte Hildesheimer, 2 S. i. 265. — —— Martin's Weichsel, 2 S. i May Duke, ii. 138, 161; 293, 294. 287. 2 S. 1. 281, pst. 2S. i. 283. May, Small, 2 S. i. Early, 2 S. i. 291 Merise Petite eap 2 S. i. 276. — Milan, 2 S. i Monats forie 28.i. Ir de Montmorency, 2 S. i Montmorency à Courts rdi 2 S. i. 286. : à longue Queue, 2 S. i. à Gro s Fruit, 9 S. i. 286. Morello, v. 295; 2 S. i. 277, 293, 294. Black, 2 S. i. 278. Dutch, 2 S. i. 278. 285. Wild, Muscat de Prague, 2 S. i. 285. Nouvelle rcd 28.i 219. — Oranien, 2 S. i. Rothe, $ s.i : 279. d'Orange, 2 S. i. 2 Ostheim, 2 S. 1. SN Ostheimer, 2 S. i. iod 2 S. i. 289. de la Palombré, 2 S.i 280. Pie, 2 S. i. 285. Pleurant, 2 S. i. 288. — — — Pohlnische Weichsel 9 S. i. 284. de Portugal, 2 S. i. 279. Quatre è - a Livre, i iv. “ii: 2 S. 1. 273. —— —— Ratafia, 2 Weichsel, 2 i i. 290. — —— Red Heart, 2 S. i. uge de Brux relles, 2 S. i. 279. Royal Duke, 2 S. i. 283, 293. Royal Hátive, 2 S. i. 281. INDEX. Cherry Royale, 2 S. i. 282. —— Royale Tardive, 2 S. i. 283. ——— Schöne von Choisy, 2 S. i. 280. i Schwarze Herz irsche, Grosse, 2 S. 3 i. 253. — —— Small Black, ii. 139. de Soissons, 2 S. i. 285. St. Martin's Amarelle, 2 S. i. 287. Sussex, 2 S. 1. 285. Süss Kersche, Grosse Weisse, 2 S. i. 271. —— — Tartarian, 2 S. i. 255. Black, 2 S. i. 255, 293. White, 2 S. i. Tauben Herz, Schwarze, 2 S.i 1. 253. Tobacco-leaved, 2 3: Four to the Po andi 2 g 1:275. p e. Fraser s > White, 8 8. i. ~ Trauben Amarelle, 2 jå i. 287. in. 212, 213; iv. 510; 2 S. i. 257 eeping, 2 S. 1. 287. Weichsel, English, 2 S. i. 286. ———— — Florentiner, 2 S. i. 290. Frühe Kleine Runde Zwerg, 2 S. i. 292. oe Zwerg, 2 S. i. 292. Hollandische, 2 S. i. 290. Ratafia, 2 S. i. 290. September Grosse, 2 S. i. 218. pow Weichselbaum mit Kurzen Stiel, 2 5. i — aW eins Sauer, 2 S. 1. 292. — ——- Werder's Early Heart, 2 8.3. 294. — ——- White Heart, 1. 137 ; 2 S: 1. 269. — c0 Dredge's s Early, 2 S. i. Tilger's, 2 S. 1. 271. T — — ——- West’s, 2 S. i. 261. ——— Wildling von Kronberg, 2 S. 1. 254. — — Wild Russian, 2 S. i. 290. — ——- Yellow, or Golden, 2 S. i. Aik 5. 8 OW, a, Cherry Trees of Asia Minor, vi. 43. experiments in training, iii. 309. Cherries, Country, v. 89 Voi. the West Indies, v. 98. Cherry E nu use of bees in, i. 151. Cherry Orchard, account of one at Hylands, and plan of, vii. 400. Chervil, 2 S. ii. 52, 61. Chestnuts, ey for food in the northern parts of Europe, i. 140. ———— gom " Spring Grove, propagated by grafting, i. — met hod P keeping the home-grown nuts, 1. 141, 247. — — —— sorts known to the Romans, i. 152. —— —— Sweet, resemblance of its wood to that of some species of the oak, 2 S. i. 336. — — —— Trees, observations on rearing them by grafting, i. 62, 245 ; practised from time immemorial, i. 140. CHEVALIER, Mr., 2 8.4015. Chiatatlahua, plant used against its bite, 2 S. ii. 129. Chicha, a pw of the Indians, 2 $, iii. 139. Chicory, 2 S. iii. 61. Chicorée Diodes vi. 139, Endive, vi. 137. ————— M Pubs, E gs ———- Frisée, vi. fine P "alie vi. 136. — —— Grose & cuire, vi . 138. de Meaux, vi. 137, 138, toujours x am vi. 139, Chickweed, i. ae HILD, —, Esq., isi ii. 180. Chilimoya, Chimaphila ya ES 2 S. Chimonanthus fragrans, vi. Tye vii, 41; 25. ii. 242, 258. Chinese, state of their nursery-gardens near e dwarfing trees and bs, iv. 224; d of propagating from branches, iv. 228. their mode of distorting the human form, iv. 228, note. ——— Eim of the Nelumbium, vi. 535. ants, how to import them, vii. 396. Ching charter, yii. 239, Chiogenes serpyllifolia, prx of, ii. 94. Chionanthus bee cens, 2 S. i. 14 €— PAPI NE 195. Chlidanthus ba chen 2 S. ii. 283. its cultivation, 2 S. ii. 32, 2 DE ot aoe 2 S. iii. 203, 204, 205, 206. —— — Ime, S. iii. 45, 95, 96, 97, 98. Chlorine, 2 S. iii. Chlorophytum orchidastrum, vi. 78, Chontadura, 2 S. iii. 15: Chorozema wi fgura, 2 S. ii. 478. Chou aigrette, v. Sr INDEX. Chou d'Ambervilliers, v. 16. — — Aflatie, v. 16 en Arbre, v. 8, 9. — — d' Armou (a name of Orache), vii. 130. —— de Battersea, v. 16. de Beauvois, v. 12. —— Botrytis, v. 19. de Bruxelles, Y. 15. — — Cabu Frisé, v. 13. — — Cabus en nid: vu 15. ——— Capu, v. 15. Caulet Mie Flandres, v. 10. —— Caulier, v. 8. —— — Cavaliers, v. 7. —— Elhptique, v. 16. a Feuilles de Chéne, v. 10. Frange, v. 10. —— Frange du Nord, v. 10. no a Faucher, v ros d' Amberrilliers, v. 14. 12. à viae Cótes, v. 12. ——— de Milan, ii. 315; v. 6, 10, 13. Co à Mille Tun. v. 9, — Moéllier, v. 9. de Naples, vi. 568. Frisé ain, vi. 568. Navet, v. 17, 18, 24, 25, 31, 32. i. Blatt; v. 35. ——— en Œuf, v. 16. ——— Oleifere, v. 21. —— Oval ale, v. 16. d'Amour (a name of Orache), vii. 150. Chou Pancalier, v. 13. de Touraine, v. 14. — — Plume, v. 11. Pommé, v. 15. Blane, v v. 16. à Feuilles Lisses, v. 15. ————— Erish v; 18. — Rouge, v. 17. Rave, v. 17, 24, 32. — Vert rt Frisé v. 10. Crêpu, v. 18. Nain IHátive, v. 18. — — Sphérique, v. 16. de Strasbourg, v. 16. de Suede, v. 25. —— en Tête, v. ——— sans Tête, v. 8. — 4 Tête Conique, v. 16. —— à Vache, Le Grand, v. 9. Vert, v. 8. Branchu de Vet v. 9. Commun, v. Frisé, v. n Grand, vy. à Petites cec v. 15. de Touraine, v. 9. - 20. CHRIST, ological writer, 2 S. i. 268. Christ's Thorn, vi. CunisTIE, Mr. Wnauan, v v. es 389. unt and descrip- tion of the coe sea jaiii and winter radishes, iv. description and ac- count of the different ‘varieties of the garden aiao 9 S. iii. 245 Chrysanthemum, i iv. 336 ; 2 S. iii. 249. sorts rts adapted for the open varieties of, flowered against a south wall, v. 419. . border, v. 162. INDEX. Chrysanthemum, different characters of their flowers grown on the g wall compared with those under glass, v. 423. additional observation on the species and varieties of, vi. 322. management of the plant in gardens, vi. 322. sorts adapted for the. open border, vi. 359. Chinese, names of, v. 426. hardiest varieties, 2 S. i. 393. account and de- scription of varieties of, iv. 326. on the cultivation and Indian, ac- of, iv. 571. count of several, vi. 322. hinese practice of grafting different varieties on the same plant, vi. 356. eultivation of Chinese, vi. 360. — — ——— —— Chinese, varieties for bed- ding out in the o air, 2 S. i. ush Ranunculus, flowered, vi. 328. — iv. 341. wn Purple, vi. 341. Buf iv. 332, 346 ; v. 162, 416. Buff or Orauge, v. 420; vi. 354, 355. Changeable Pale Buff vi. 990; figured, vi. 331. ——— — — —— Changeable ee iv. 333, 336 ; v. 162, 419; vi. 354, 3 tli a v P lush, vi. v. 155, 162, 421; vi. 354. —— — — — — — Curled Pink, vi. 354, 355. Double White Indian, vi. Double Yellow Indian, vi. Early Blush, vi. 326. Early Crimson, v. 151, 421; figured, 152. 340. ——— ——— Golden Yellow, iv. 333, 342 ; v. 162, 490. xxix Chrysanthemum Fi EY i Pahl 328, 329; v. 160, 161; 2 S. ii. 2. Linn.) figured, iv. 930; v. 487: vi. 354, agens flore pleno, figured, iv. 330. albo, vi. 347. luteo, vi. 346. King's Yellow, iv. 342. Large Lilae, iv. 333, 943; v. 420. en gn v. 413. d Orange, v. 421 ; figured, v. 152. Yellow, i iv. 342. Late Lilac, iv Pale Parole, v. 422; vi. 352. Quilled Yellow, vi. 343. Lee's White, iv. 336. 9 Pink, v. 418 ; vi. 325, 353, 355. Paper White, v. 417, 422. Parks's Small Yellow, vi. 327. vi. 348. Purple, v.-1 v. 162, 419; vi. 354. Chinese, iv. 327, 334. b. pF T Flamed- Yellow, iv. 334, 349 ; figured, iv. 421. Quilled Ta Penis r 155, 421; vi. 354, 355. Quilled Pink, iv. 350; v. 150, 421; vi. 350. Purple, iv. 335. aioi, v. 414, 422, figured, 423. White, iv. 333, 337 ; v. 419; vi. 350. Yellow, iv. 333, 341; v. 420. Rose, iv. 333; v. 162, 416. or Pink, iv. 344; v ; vi. 354. lcd i-double cw Orange, v. 412, 422, figured, 424 ; Pale Orange, vi. 337. enim - Pink, v. 157, 422, figured, 423; vi. 351. INDEX. m Semi-double Quilled White, v. 158, 422. Semi-double White, v. 162, 421. Sinense, v. 427 ; vi. 348. Small Yellow, v. "A15, 422, figured, 424; vi. 353. Indian, vi. 348. Single, v. 159; vi. 348. i Spanish Brown, iv. 333, 346 ; v. 420. Starry Purple, vi. 338. Straw-coloured, iv. 341. Sulphur- olin iv. 833, 341; v. 420. Superb Clustered Yellow, v. 156, 162, 421. Superb White, iv. 333, 338 ; v. 162, 420. Tasselled Lilac, vi. 332. White, iv. 333, 339 ; v. 162, 420. Yellow, vi. 329. Two- ictal haber yl. 342. Red, vi. 333, figured, ib. varians, vi. 345. vu Windsor Small. Yellow, vi. Yellow Warata'h, vi. 344. Chrysiphiala pauciflora, vi. 285. Chrysobalanus elliptieus, v. 453. Icaco, v. 98, 453. luteus, v. 453. Chrysomela, a sort of Quince, why so named, i. 153. Chrysophyllum Met v. 98. rophyllum, v. 458. RE v. 458. ien Pe aes 2 S. iii. 156. u 6 Cicer Arietinum, vi. 54. ens, vi. of Pliny, v i. 54. Ciche chorium Int jd, i iii. 188; 2 S. ii. 61. 00. 5 on, on its cultivation in England, 2 S. 1. 168 ai woods of Pitayo, 2 S. -. Mea — — — — Condaminea, 2 S. iii. in —- lanceolata, 2 S. iii. 186 nitida, 2 S. iii. 160. Cinchona pubescens, 2 S. iii. 157. Cinerarias, vi. 438. Cineraria cruenta, vil. 42. 42. opulifolia, vii. 42. . 272. creticus, vi. os : s ii. 242, 272. 2, 212. La erus, vii. 41. laurifolius, 28.41. 2732. on, vii. 41. mutabilis, vii. zr purpureus, 2 S. i salvifolius, vi. 46 ; v S ii. 272. villosus, vii. Citron, iv. 20. Citrons, their management, iv. 306. ` Citron, grape-fruited, iii. 358. MR dras, iv. 417. trees, on us management, ii. 295. — er than orange, 11 Citronates, iii. App. iL Citrus, account s ds different varieties of the genus cultivated in Italy, iii. App. 1. decumana, iii. App. 6, 17. . 118. , . on the cultivation of Nelumbiums, vi. 5 Clark's Aimatic Compost, 2 S. iii. 97, 99. Mr. go qe vi. 331, 334, 482. Captain, iv. 446. Captain, ir HoUGHTON, 9 S. i. 28. Lady, 2 S. i. 535, 540, 541, 545. —— Mrs, vii. 483. Crary, —, 2 S. iii. 52, 61. Craven, Captain Dovaras CHARLES, vi. 16, 2 Clay balli, useful in diverting the course of the is ai DRY. Claytonia virginica, vi. 405. Cleanthe bicolor, i. 312. Clematis, 2 S. i. 465. — — —— carulea, 2 S. ii. 257. ———— florida, 2 S. ii. 242. INDEX. Clematis. montana, 2 S. ii. 242, 264. —— —— —- pubescens, 2 S. iii. 118. sericea, 2 S. iii. 154. Vite Sieboldi, 2 S. ii. 251. H see iii. 108. CLEMENT, Mr., ii. 55. Cleome rosea, "ii 65. Clerodendrum infortunatum, vii. 391. liv idum, vi. 267. Clethra alnifolia, 2 S. ii. 260. arborea, 2 S. ii. 273. bicolor, 2 S. iii. 158. nana, vi. 4 nudiflora, vi. 495. Mexicana, 2 S. se 128. Ciews, Mr. R., 2 S.i. 544, 546. Clianthus Dampieri, 2 S. i. 522. ue Oxlepi, i. 522. Ee puniceust fired 2S. 1. 519, de- scribed, 521; 2 S. ii. 243, 256. CLIFFORD, — —, iii. 110. — — Dowager Lady, i. 272, 324, 330, 942 ; iv. 422. Climate, effect of, on Peaches, ii. 61. observations on, with regard to Horti- culture, vi. 1. n the supposed changes of that of isnt vi. 563. z p — —— of England not so well suited to the culture of Peaches as that of France, i. App. 6. — —— of Mussooree, 2 S. i. 457. — —— of New South Wales, effect of, in re- T) to the early fruitfulness of the "Peach, of Saleombe, in Devonshire, i. 176. Climates, cold or hot, their several influences over Toe life, i. 31. — — — experiments made with plants under different, i. 31, 3 ogyne cota, 1. 276. Clitoria arbore. 13. Clusia Dueu, 2 S iii. 150. Crustus, i. 9, 346, 353, 355, 357, 360, 363, 364, 366; Vii. 423, 437; 2 S. i. 265. rto ghe of thé early possessors of the po- ‘lato, i. 9, 10. DEES the first writer who mentions the tuberose, i. 46. — —- his figure and description of the plant, i ini 48. Cneorum tricoccum, 2 S. ii. 2 Ca ia used to ete m d from the ravages of worms, Cobæa macrostema, "y S. iii. 137. “= stipularis, 2 S. iii. 124. Cossett, Mr., iii. 322. Coburgia, on the culture of the bulbs of that genus, iv. 176. —M—Ó Belladonna, i iv. 180, 184. 8 — —— ——— radul H Coccoloba pubescens, vii. 390. — ————— uvifer era, v. 99 Coceus, hints for its destruction, i i. 297. Cochineal, mission of iery Menonville, to steal that insect from Spaniards, i. 85, Cochlearia armoracia, v Cock, Mr. WILLIAM, os: 1.228, 535, 542, 544. Cocxsurn, Mr. GeorGe, on the management of cauliflower-plants, to secure good produce during the winter, v. 2 CockBunN, Mr., Colnwood, 2 S. in. 33. Cockieotétk on ‘ts cultheation; ^ 321. Codarium acutifolium, v. 460, 461 Ceelia macrostachya, 2 S. iii. 145. Coffea marginata, 2 S. iii. 158. Coffee, E p. 129, 139, 148, 157. Cola, v. 459 Covzornr, Nicuotas WinLiAM Rivtey, Esq., Specimens of Coe's Golden Drop, sent by him to the Society, vi. 393. Colchicum, or meadow saffron, its extraordinary mode of semination, i. 125. Byzantinum, i. 329. — — — floribundum, i. 829. Core, Master, first introduced the laurel into a gi i. 23. CoLEMA 2 S. i. 521. Dad. T. a 22 31, 32. E ii. 318. LA, Colletia eiligdrs, 2 S. ii. 283. < horrida, 2 8. i. "983; ; m. 147. serratifolia, 2 S. ii. 283. Cotiey and Hinr, Messrs., 2 S. i. 534, 535, 540, 541, 543. Collinsia bicolor, ; S. i. "y a N, Mr. Joun, a Mr. PETER, i i. 95, 267, 290, 292, 305, 853; v. 64 ; vii. 230. once hia police, in a wd Linneus, of a singular Peach-tree, i. 1 Colinton ines, iud s of Holly Hedges at, Cons; Comte de, iv. 274, 211, 520; v. 404, 411. INDEX. Colour of gets change of, in the Hydrangea hortensis, iii. 173. Coloured iif on the erts possessed by plants of absorbing, 2 S. 1 Colsa, v. 7, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 39, 40, 42. = Mars, v. 23. Colsat, v. 21. Columbia, onu collected in, by Mr. Hartweg, 2 S. iii. 161. Conca i 60; iii. 2, App. 23, 25, 27 ; v. 453. —— ——————- his observations on the cuttings of the Vine, i. 60. Colutea nispalensis; 2 hen ii. OLVILLE, , lii 325; vii. 533. — ——— Measrs., ii. 38, 39. Mrs., 2 S. i. 534. 0:4 iv. * 005. 499; vi. za, v. 21. Comarostaphylis arbutoides, 2 S. iii. 135. OMMELIN, il. 37. Commelina cucullata, vii. 64. — ————— spiralis, i. 271. CowERELL, Abbé de, iii. 280. Coins, v. 251, 252, 2535.1, 270. Common Plum, of the West Lindies; v. 99. Composts, reason why they should be kept free from weeds, i. 18. Conanthera sm vi. 283. — — — ——- campanulata, vi. 283. Coniferous Plants, upon raising them from seed, 2 S. ii. 344. Connor, Captain, vii. 535. Conservatories, molé of heating, 2 S. i. 202; e CUOI VICES a at or ai lan of, iv. 314. — ——— at Valle dd, plan of, vi. 226. aai. observations on, and an ac- count of ae growing in its neighbour- ood, vi. Conte inorganic, of plants, 2 S. iii. 35. 1. CONTE, —, v. Ganvalvides althzeoides, vii. 40; 2S. ii. 273. Batatas, iii. bryonizfolius, 2 S. ii. 273 candicans, iv. Cneorum, vii. 33, 40; 2 8 273. Jalapa, 2 S. ii. 396. maritimus, 2 S. iii. 115. el gei v. 22. reptans, v. 53; 2 S. iii. 239. sepium, i iv. 26. Coox, Mr. Derim v. 64. — Captain, iv. 489, 490 ; 2 S. 1. 519. Cooks, — Cooke, Pue Davies, Esq. 2 S. ii. 226, 294. Coorzn, Rev. BLAKELEY, account of a plan for forcing grapes in borders under glass, vi. 454. Mr. JOSEPH, i iv. 32, on the p— of the species and varieties of Hedychiu in a stove, vi. 449. Mr. —, 2 S. 1. 536. Captain Nous, plants received from, 2 S. ii. 416. CoPLAND, A., Esq., 2 S. i. 534, 535, 540, 43. Mm of garden-walls, iv. 269 ; figured, 272, Coralicehina multiflora, vi. 405. C AMES, on the destruction of snails, i. 77. Corbularia obesa, i. 350. a — i. 849. — ———— turgida, i. 351. CorE Mica ord, plant received from, 2 S. ii. 416. Coriaria nepalensis, ~ S. i. 461. Cork-tree, 2 S. ii 44 Cormack, Mr., iii. 295. ConNATO, Princi, iv. 515. Cornet Plums, i. 155. Corn Salad, Italian, vi. 584. Cornu, v. 88 Cornus, 2 S. i. 465. circinata, vi. 496. disciflora, 2 S. iii. 127. Cornwall Horticultural Society, 2 S. ii. 445. Coronilla glauca, vii. 38; 2 S. ii. 243, 215. valentina, vii. 38. Correa DE Serra, M. Joseru, notice respect- ing several vegetables used as esculents in North America, i iv. 443. Correa alba, 2 S. ii iosa, 2 S. ii Corrosive AR 2 S. iii. 96. ORSE, , fruit-trees received from, 2 S. ii. 415. Castalia ifica, i iu. 29. Costmary, oui i» Costus arabicus, i. 277, 278. dulcis, i. 278. glabratus, i L4 nis, vi. 274. ——— spicatus, vi. 275. speciosus, i. 279. i vaginalis, its mode of treatment, 1- Ti Cotoneaster, : S. i. 458. silastic 3 2 S. ii. 264. ibid n E RAE affinis, 2 . ii. 243, 264. INDEX. Cotoneaster frigida, 2 S. ii. 264. — H5 levis,’ 2 S. il 264 —— sadiarery lll 9 S. ii. 243, 264. nummularia, 2 S. ii. 264. rotundifolia, 2 S. ii. ace Cottage regres observations on, iii. 419. Corram and HALLEN, vii. Cotton plantations, in Mexico, 2 S. iii. 130. Corton, Miss, v ILLIAM, Esq. i upon the use of anti- corrosion paint, vii. Cotyledons, or seed-leaves of plants, their ce in the process of germination, i. 218, 219, 220. importance of their being preserved, rimi R, Dr., 2 S. ii. 459. ey Cherries, v. 89, 445, 463. Currants, v. 7, 463. — Fig, v. 443, 463. ————— Grapes, v. 447, — Plums, v. 90, 451. Dorem, DumonrT DE, vi. 468. Court, M. DE LA, i. ` Couve tronchuda, v. 12; vi. 565. dwarf, i. 566. Cowan, James, Esq., vi. 8i, 89, 98, 285, 569 ; Golden Potato, sent by dim to the Society, vi. 569. Covalp, iv. 19. notice of varieties raised from the common, iii. 3 oxe-in- Hose, i iv. 19. — Red, iv. 19. Coxe, iii. 251, 958, 323; iv. 520; v. 402 ; vi. Crab, by — has produced the Golden _ Pippin, i. 2 09 95 iberian, i. 32, 35, 179. yw what means converted into rich varieties of apple, i. App. 2, — — ———- superior to our native, i. 92. Cnacas, Mr., 2 S. ii. 455. ce, Mr. Hen NRY, on a system of pruning fruit-trees, 28. ii. 511 Craic, James G eee cultivated with Macon at M Spring Grove, i. nd ured by dung, iv. 481. aep English, cultivation of, in dry beds, Crategus, 2 S. i. 458. ee azarolus, 2 S. ii. 228, 243. — glabra, 2 S. ii. 228, 255. xxxiii — Crategus — 2 S. ii. 228, 243, 250 ; 2 S. iii. uin — ———— microcarpa, 2 S. ii. 228, 260. Cratzva Tapia, * . 100. ura Fruit, v. 89. E, Mr. Jonn, i. 334. Tee obus peruvianus, 2 S. iii. 154. Crescentia Cujete, 2 S. iii. 137. TA voci with, in steeping the seeds, 2 golden, vi. 583. Cresson lon, vi. 583. CRESSWELL, Jonn, Esq., ii. 336 ; iv. 133. Sarracenia purpurea, exhibited by him, iii. 359. Crinums, remarks on, iv. 24, 25, 34, 35, et seq. experiments in crossing various species of, iv. 35. mode of promoting their rapid growth, iv. 243. divisions of the genus, iv. 49. — —— amabile, iv. 49, 50; vii. 391. management of, and observa- tions on, iv. 419. asiaticum, iii. 193. cag nish, ii. 195; iv. 422, 423, 424. — —— capense, iii. 187, 192; 2 S. ii. 268 ; iv. 49, 50. eed of, figured, iv. 38. dium, i iii. 193. eed of, figured, iv. 38. 5. entin di ii. 1 erubescenti-capense, ii. 196. giganteum, : iv. 38, Govenium, iv. 2 2. ri nervosum, i. 1; — iv. 183; vi. r^ 285. —— scaberrimo-capense, ili. 196. superbum, i iv. 422, 423, 425. toxicarium, iv. 49. zeylanicum, i iv. 50. Crithmum maritimum, ii. 232. Crocuses, upon the spring varieties of, = 419. ——— synopsis of the species, vil. — — —— birds fond of pecking their me, vii. 427. Crocus, its proper mode of culture, i. 124. best tim e for sowing the seeds, 1. 125. prefers a light dry s T 129. injured by fi forcing, i. 150. different. eere cina the num- ber of its species, i. 131. INDEX. Crocus, 2 S. i said vii. 423, 424, 431, 438, 455, 498. batavieus, vii. 455. praecox, vii. 456; figured, aureds, i. 316 (of the Flora Greca), vii. 444. —— ——— autumnalis, i. 139. biflorus, i. 187; vii. 423, 427, 431, 446, 451. communis, vii. 451, 452. Parkinsonii, vii. 451, 454; figured, vii. 433. "opt vii. 451, 454. Bishop's, vii. 437. circumscissus, i. 137 ; vii. 452. Cloth of Gold, i. 136; vii. 434. coriaceus, vii. 448. Cream-coloured, vii. 448. of the Dutch, vii. 469. Dark Scotch, vii. 440. Patines, hee 436. larly Striped, i. 137. Egg-shaped, i. 133. Fins shaped, vii. 444. flavus, i. —————— & d Rs vii. 440. Bi 185; vii. 442. fragrans, i. 136. B, vii. - — —— the fragrant, i. — —— Gold-coloured, cet i. 133. SM a Raabelhe Vellem sd dd — ——— lacteus, vii. 423, 121,4 492, 447. cobiexlor;: vib-48. penicillatus, vii. 449 ; figured, vii. 433. —— ——— lageneflorus, i. 184, 316; vii. 422, 425, 432, 438, 444, 498 figured, i. 139; vii. 433. easy method of forcing it, 1. 316. æ and y, i. 134 ; vii. 449. B; i. 134. luteus, vii. 423, 432, 438, 445, 498. i 448. — — — mæsacus, a, vii. B, i. 184; vii. 448. — —— minimus, vii yii. 498. — — Naked-flowered, i i 188. XXxiv Crocus neapolitanus, vii. 477. — Old Cloth ys Gold, vii. 440. officinalis, i. 139. Pale Cloth of Gold, i. 1386; vii. 436. pallidus, vii. 442 revolutus, i. 1 B. Party-coloured, vii. 457. — Pheasant's Feather, vii. 485. precox, vii. 498. —— —— purpureus pallens, vii. 481. pusillus, vu. 423, 424, 432, 456. reticulatus, vii. 438. revolutus, vi i. 4 sativus, i, 139; vii. i. 420, 421. 51. Small Yellow, Lua stellaris, i.136; vii. 422, 432, 442; figured, i. 139. Striped, vii. 487, 488. sulphureus, i. 135 ; vii. 422, 425, 482. albidus, vii. , 442. fioe, vii. 438, 441; figured, vii. 433. isabellinus, vii. 438, 440. striatellus, vil. 438, 440. striatus, vii. 488, 439. susianus, i. 136; vii. 422, 425, 431, 434, 438. minor, vii. A94, 436. True Saffron, Vétnal Blue, i. vernus, i. 133, is vii. 421, 423, 424, 481, 469. B, i. albus bea vii. 493, 494; figured, vii. 433. albus minor, vii. 493, 495. alpinus, vii. 495, 496. Andersonii, vii. 492, 493; figured, vii. 433. angustifolius, i i 317. Aprilis, vii. 495, 497. vii. crass delectus, vii. i. 495. rpm edis vii. olf 489. dorsali pier. vii. NY 418. flavus striatus, vii INDEX. Crocus vernus fucatus, vii. 483; figured, vii. 4; fusiformis, vii. 478, 479. gloriana, vii. 487, 488 ; figured, vii. 433. ———— glorianella, vii. 487. 88, 491. inflatus, vii. 473, 480; figured, vii. 433. latifolius, flavovarius, vii. 440. ~ leucorhyncus, vii. 484, 485; figured, vii. 433. — — — — lilacinus praecox, vii. 473, 482. lineatus, vii. lineellus, vil. 488, 491. i. 316. angio, vii. 473, 474. maculosus, vii. 473, ‘AT 1^ minutus, vii. 473, 481. neapolitanus, vii. 495, 496. precox, vii. 473, obesus, vii. 488, 492 obovatus, vii. 473, AT 5, obsoletus, vil. 493, 494. pallens, vii. 473, 481. — — ——— pallidus, vii. 473, 481. parvulus, vii. ectinatus, vii. 488, 491. haéton, vii. 473, 476. pictus, vii. 483; figured, vii. 473, 480; 433. — — — — plumbeus, vii. figured, vii. 433. propinquus, vii. 487, 489. pruinosus, vii. 473, 479. a ne pulchellus, vii. 486; figured, vii, 433. ——— — —- puhiceusy Yit rpureus, vi vii. wr pé o Faden gery reticulatus, vii. 487, 4 Sabini, vii. 473, 475; figured, —————————— vii. 433. — — — —— striatus, i. 135; vii. 486, 487. 9 Crocus versicolor, i. 197 ; vii. 423, 425, 431, 451. var. a, B, i .. 197. affinis, vii. 465, 468. elegans, vi. 460, 4602; figured, vii. 433. floribundus, vii. 465. inconspicuus, vii. 465, 467. lineatus, vil. 463, 464. figured, vii. 433. propinquus, vii. "s 468. similis, vii. 459, 4 stellatus, vii. 465, pit banus, vii. 465, 469 ; figured, vii. 433. ——— venustus, vii. 460, 462. laceus, vii. 463. Wild Grecian, vii. 444. Croauan, Mr. James, iv. 499. Cross-bred vegetables, iv. Cross impregnation, variation in the colour of as, produced from the blossoms operated upon, v. wv figured, v. Crossing, v. 213. CROZIER, Mr., his method of preventing the curl in potatoes, i. 192. CRUIKSHANKS, ALEXANDER, Esq. ., account of a hot-water apparatus, 2 S. i. 513. Cucumbers, v. 465; 2 S. iii. 52. — — .— Observations on the cultivation of, in the Royal Gardens at Kew, during t the autumn and winter months, i ii. 282. method of growing, iii. 146. - to obtain plants of, for the winter crop, iv. 411. — ——— method of cultivating, in a peach- house, v. 487. — —— —- on forcing, vi. 127. mode of constructing a hot-bed for, v. 491. it for early, figured, v. 493. Fea On a di ay stoves for, vi. 505 SESE EE E ema on, ii. 284. aa cnc oM a Sep cer Early, on a method of raising, iv. »— y iv. 560. aad cuit Creme "ccc Alga, 2 ^u iii. 60. INDEX. Cucumber, Southgate, vi. 132. — ————- Weedon's, 2 S. iii. 60. Cucumis melo, vi. 58. Cucurbita aurantia, vi. 57 ——— i. 56. ———— Evadghi Cavae, vi. 57. lagenaria, i iv. 52; vi. 56. Potiro, vi. 57. ——. m Lov iformis, vi. 57. Cuichunchulla, 2 S. iii. 153. Culcitium ascendens, 2 S. iii. 156. rosmarinifolium, 2 8 iii. 156. — ——— rufescens, 2 S. iii. CurLvM, Rev. Tuomas esie on | the construc- tion of piers and copings of garden walls, iv. 269. Cummine, Mr. Huem, plant received from, 2 S. ii. 417 Peto ALLAN, 25.1.59, 52: Cunninghamia sinensis, 53 S. ii. 231, 249, 252. Cuphea pubiflora, 2 Cupressus horizontalis, vi vi. ..95. — usitanica, vii. 41; 2 S. ii. 243, 273. ————— sempervirens, vi. 35; 2 S. ii. 237, 243, 27 ` — urifera, 2 S. iii. 124. Curcuma arabia’ . 285. — — ——— aromatica, i. 285. — — —— Zerumbet, i. 285. Curlies, ii. 313. : Currant, vii. 496, 497. experiment on, iii. 87. ———— method of forcing, iv. 415. —— —— account of some preserved on the trees till — vii. 96. Black, 2 S. iii. 62. Black Naples, 2 S. iii. 62. Knight's me t Red, 2 S. iii. 62. Lewis's Yellow- fruited, vii. 242. Morgan's Red, i iv. x ite, iv. «en d, z 2 variations when ropagated by seed, iii. : ti offered for raising an | 9 | improved variety from seeds, i. Ap con indigenous, iii. 86. Xxxvi njectures respecting ks being | Currant, Scarlet Missouri, vii. 241. Curtis, Mr., author of a pemphlet on sea- kale, i. 13, me 16, 17. ILLIAM, 1. 300, 317, 325, 345, 346 ; v. 928; vil. wer 523, 530, 536, 539, 541, 343, 547, 551. Rosen, Esq., 2 S. ii. 105, 106. ——— AMUEL, account of a lime-duster = the destruction of insects on fruit-trees, Cieviltbétr houses in the Garden of the Society, Cusuinea, Mr., i. 308; iv. 484. Custard Apple, M: 92, 94, 102, 402; 2 S. iii. 139. - African, v. 443. CurniLL, Mr., 2 S. i. 546 gm Sir Joun, ii, Preliminary Observa- tio Cuttings, their — facilitated in certain cases by ringing, i advantage of raising apple-trees from, i. 65. Cradle mexicana, 2 S. iii. 124, 128. roams — 2 S. iii. 142. cosum, 2 S. iii. 141, 142. Cyclobothra alba, 2 S. i. 413; figured, 409. —— barbata, 2 S. iii. 1 pulchella, 2 S.i 412; figured, 409. Cydonia japonica, 2 S. ii. 258. : rem 2 S. ii. 252. Cymbanthes fetida, i. 329. Cymbidium aloifolium, i. 298. —— ——— —— boreale, i. 301. ma Ma Ao coccineum, i. 293. — v msn cretam ^ 69. Cynara horrida, 2 S. ii. Sine scolymus, 2 S. ii. £7 ——— spinosa, vii. 9. Cypella Herbertiana, 28. ii. 283. Cyperus esculentus, vi. 50. Cypress, 2 S. ii. 237, "943, 273. s pripedium acaule, i i. -— ——— arietinum, » 405. ille 3:8. iii. 132. INDEX. Cypripedium parviflorum, i. 301; vi. 405. —— ————— pubescens, vi. 405. —— —— ——— spectabile, vi. 405. Cyrtochilum maculatum, 2 ^ in. j m id 2 S. ii. 141. Cyrtopodium punctatum, 2 S. iii. 129, 160. Cythera borealis, i. 301. Cytisus æolicus, 2 S. ii. 273. ——— Weldeni, 2 S. ii. 273. elongatus, vii. 35, D. Dactylides, or "een shaped Grapes, grown by the porem i. 153. Daffodil, 2 S. ii. Daun, € basaan a unn botanist, in honour of whom the vec received its name, i. 86. ii. 219 Dahlias, list of em of which figures have been published, iii. 236. on a method of propagating choice ones - by grafting, iv. 476. an account of the varieties, vii. 141. a description of a good double, vii. 145. eultivation of, vii. 160. preservation of, i in winter, vii. wm ropagation of, by grafting, vii. 163. ——— M. oiteau's classification noticed, vil. 166. native country of, i. 84. on the different species, and their cul- de : ture, i. ————— medicinal virtues attributed to one of the ndn L — —— M. Thouin’s ‘observations relative to its culture, i. 87. introduced A England by Lady Hol- | AN i. 92, 93, 9 r. We ridi: s observations on its E in Se northern parts of Great Britain, 113. ——— observations on, and account of the species and varieties of the genus, with in- structions for their cultivation and treat; ment, iii. 217. Agate, White, vii. 149. BESIN Agathe, Imperial, vii. vii. 149. Royal, vii. 149. — ——— atro urea, vii. 151. —— aurea Nankin, vii, 157. xxxvii Dahlia bidentifolia, i. 92, iii. 222. a croca i. 113 B coce nire ads hk zT 114. Bright Purple, vii. 159. Bristol Yellow, vii. 158. camellizflora, vii. 157. — — —- Chancellor, vii. 152. — —— Changeable Purple vii. 150. coccinea, i. 92 ; ii. 222, 224, 226. et MR ii. 222. Comet, vii Crimson Meu), vii. 153. Young's), vii. 151. (Wells s), vii. 153. dodonzus, vii. 158. Duchess of Gloucester, vii. 152. 5. Ma Favorite, Vii. 150. Fawn-coloured, vii. 157. fimbriata, vii. 152. floribunda, vii. 158. floribunda nana, vii. 159. a frustranea, 1 iii. 222, 234. fulgida, vii. 156. Grand Alexander, vii. 149. Gris de Lin, vii. Henriette, vii. 151. — —— L'Honneur d' Anvers, vii. 154. Ora: Flag, v ii. 156. shat, i iii. in, 994, 225. cont vives RUE Victoria, vii. 159. Princess Elizabeth, vii. 154. Royal Purple, vii. 151 dcc Sovereign, vii. 15 — ——— rubioides, vii. 154. rubra pendula, vii. 154 Ruby, vii. 154. Sabini, vii. 151. — — — sambucifolia, i. 90 ; iii. 221. INDEX. Dahlia, Sambucifolia, € purpurea, i. 113. — —— sanguinea, vii. 156 — — — Sans rival, vii. 154. Sovereign, vii. 155. speciosa, vii. 150. Dark Purple, vii. 150. ima, vii cov vii. 150. sulphurea semis, vii. 157. speciosa, vii. 1 Sun-flower, vii. 155. — —— White Dutch, vii. 149. — — — Yellow, mes vii. 158. 160. Date, Mr. Giorni iv. 509; vi. 187. Da . JAMES, description of pine pits heated by leaves only, vi. 111. on the culture of the pine apple vii. 184 ; te on forcing asparagus, DANON Mr. M., vi. 160. DALRYMPLÉ, Mr., ii. rans iv. 457, 463. Damascena, a plum so named among the Ro- mans, i. ; Dawrrzn, 2 S. i. 153, p 523. Damasonium australe, i. 268. Damson Plum, of the Went Indies, v. 99. DANIELL, Joan Freperic, Esq., vi. 432 ; vii. 98, 99, 128, 410. on climate, considered with regard to Horticulture, vi. 1. DANIELL’S manure, 2 S. in. 44, 48, 50, hn. 95. AaQyn arckavdpeia, vi. 48. Daphne sashan,” 2 S. ii. 274. cannabina, 2 S. i. 461. — —— cestrifolia, 2 jii. "s — ——- Cneorum, ——— eme 28.i ii. Hs 274. ntica, x ji ii. 243, 274. Dare, Mrs., i iii. Darwin, Dr., Date, remark jeanet i. 106. — of Soudan, v. 89. of Trebisonde, vii. 36. DAUBENTON, v. 8. Davinson, Ropexr, à v. 260; vi. 156. Davarr, Mr., i Davallia Daves, Rev. WurrkHALL WHITEHALL, iv. 508. Davis, Mr., 2 S. 1. 544. Davy, Sir Humrnry, iv. 78, 158; 2 S. ii. 42. Awrs Mr. Henry, observations on the ARMADUKE, i. 117; v. 348. Dawson, Mr. Joux, fruit of the Banana tree, exhibited by him, iv. 137. Day, Mr. — tree-cabbage exhibited by, Deane, Mr., fruit-trees received from, 2 S. n. 415. Deas, Mr. Wiru1AM, 2 S. i. 541. Dr Comod Professor, in. 219, 220, 226, 228, 230, 236, 243; 1v. 462, 491; v. 102, 297; vi. 67, 73, 90, 266, 268, 271, 276, 288, 460, 467, 469, 472, 56 65, 568; vii. 47, 58, 235, 236, 245, 446, 524, 559, 561; 2 S. i. 6l, 144, 260, 263, 266, 271, 408 ; 2 S. ii. 459. Memoir on the dif- ferent species, races, and varieties of the genus Brassica, and of the genera allied to it, which are cultivated in Europe, v. plants received from, 2 S. ii. 411, 413, 414. Decomposing substances not possessed of the power of generating organic existence, ii. 83. Decortication, iv. 159. DEERING, vii. 470. Acaginoy of Diosc., vi. 42. MIDOF, Count, iv. 490. Demidove a tetragonoides, i iv. 490. Democritts, iii. App. 25, 27. Dendrobia, treatment of, iv. 241. Dendrobium album, vi. 281. — — — — — Barringtoniz, i. 297, 298. crumenatum, vii. denudans, 2 S. ii. 939. Pierardi, mode of constantly i irri- gating, iv. er — tricularioides, vi . 282. Diona rigidum, 2 258.1. 401; 2 S. ii. 251. Dens canis aquatilis, i. 331. Deodar Cedar, 2 S. ii. 237, 240, 242, 263. CEMET, M., iv. ys 293; v. 492. DESCHAMPS, M. v. ; 2 S. ii. 397, 398. DESFONTAINES, 4. om: v. p 252; vi. 99. Devaynes, Jonn, Esq. i. E Devon and Exeter ted Society, 2 S. ii. 445. INDEX. DevonsuirE, Duke of, vii. 142; 2 S. i. 64, L. S 2 S. ii. 177; 2 S. iii. 35. = vi. - M., musica received from, 2 S. Di Wie, 2 S. iii. 115. Diagram, illustrative of the proper inclination for the roofs of pow "Puig Dianella cærulea, 2:B. ii Dianthus, : S. 11. 273. ————— superbus, i. App. 21. Diaphane edulis, i. 304. — — —— stylosa, i. 305. Dichone crispa, i. 920. Dick, Mr., i. — Mr. ANDREW, 2 S. ii. 455. — Mr. Jonn, account of a eren frame for fruit-treos on walls, vii. ————— account vi a new kind of pro- tecting frame, 2 S. i. Dickens, CHARLES Boca, sq., his mode of constructing a bed for forcing cucumbers, v.4 Box, Mr. AnpREw, vi. 204 description of a me- thod of growing asparagus in single rows, vi. 390. — e F, Bag, 2S i i. 971 EF S RER ants received from, 2 S. ii. 418, 419. ————— Mr., ii. 65. — — — Mr. “James, i i. "gue. i. 97, 162, 164, oe, 178; vii. ied of the Agaricus E Georgii, exhibited by him, ii COMM MN his remarks o on a variety of the Brassica napus, or rape, i. observations on the tu- bers of the Lathyrus tuberosus, with instruc- tions for its cultivation, ii. 359. on the cultivation of the . Rampion, iii. 19. ographical shots of, Eua at a special D isa lof the Society, v App. 1. Mr. FERT vi. 525. Messrs., 2 S. i. 232, 235. Der, Dr. Aparan, i iv. 523; v. 409, 410; 2 S. i. 254, 266, 271 tes iridifolia, i i. 307. Digi purpurea, v. Di LLWYN, Lewis Weston , Esq., ii. 288, 294; 2 S. ii. i. 226, 234, 246, 254, 257, 2j, 219. Dillwynia ericifolia, 2 S. ii. 248. CE Dimocarpus Litchi, ii. 401; v. 124. — Lngd i ii. 401 ; v. 124; figured, i. 401. [isani polybulbon, 2 S. iii. 116. Diomedea argentea, vii. 50 Dioscorea macrostacha; 2.8. ni. 132. DioscoripEs, vi. 32, 34, 36, 39, 40, 42, 46, 41, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54. Diosma amoena, 2 S. ii. 269. Diospyros Kaki, v. 123 ; 2 S. iii. 245. — ————— Lotus vi. 96; 2 S. 1..214. fédriuinidon, vi. 261. — — —— virginica, 2 8 z 261. Dipidax rosea, i. 330, 3 Diplazium ee rag iii. 841. Diplectrum cucullifolium, i. 287. Diplolepis — vi. és. ———— ta, vi. 268, 269. ——— vaii. vi. 68, 268. Disa cornuta, i. 288. patulata, i. 288. Disandra prostrata, vi. 438 ; vii. 35. Disease, Qiie arroty, of pm, i. 357. Disette, Blanche, iii. ouge, iii. 282. D Dodoens, iii. 342, 349. Dolichos Lablab, vi. 55. Dolma, vi. 56. Bakché (Gourd Gardens of the East), vi. 56 Dosey, v. 250. Don, Mr. Davin, i iv. 457, 462; vii. 28, 245 ; B 8:4 . 509 —— Mr. GEORGE, iv. Preface; iv. 458; 440, 442, 444, 445, 446, 447, 449. 459, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 461, 462; vi. 75, 18, 83, '86, 81, 91, 272, 278, 219, 984 ; vil. 48, 56; 2B 08. Doodia aspera, iii. Hs Dorella, v. 35. Doryanthes excelsa, i. 336; 2 S. ii. 248. Dorycnium hirsutum, 2 S. ii. 204. —ÀÓ se, vi. 499. Dorset, Duchess of, vi. 326. Dotter, v. 35. INDEX. mes v. 95. LAS, Mr. Davi, vi. 293, 294, 296, 409, pro vii Preface, 62, 63, 61, 70, 11, 241, 244, 250, 251; 2.8. i 404, 405, 406, 401, 408, 412, 480; 2 S. ii. 70, 375, 438. account of the species of Calochortus, vii. 275. description of several species of Ribes, vii. Asp nt of plants raised from seed collected by, m 9 S. i. 403, 476 ; 2 S. ii. 376. account of his final mis- sion, 2 S. ii. 375. ouGLAs, Mr. SAN Putney Hill, vii. 143, 148; 2 S. i — Mr. poe iv. 457, 463. Downrna, Mr. C., 28. i jus 540, 541, 545. DowELL, STEPHEN, Esq., v. Draba alyssoides, 2 S. iii. on aretioides, 2 S. iii. 153. Dracena ferrea, dwarfed by the Chinese, iv. 230. Apaxovrioy weyaroy of Diosc., vi. 50. Dracocephalum sonare, vii. 42. a DEAD vi. 216. Dracontium foetidum, i. 267. RAKE, Sir Francis, asserted to mx been the first who discovered the potato, Miss, L 520; 2:8. i n. 190, 179, 479. Drap Country Plum, v. 90, 541. axsha, 2 S. ii. 171. Drip, to prevent, in glass-houses, vi. 121. Drivers, Messrs., iii. 306. Drummonp, Captain, i iv. 334, 349; vii. 523. ——— Mr. plants received. from, 2 S. ii. 418. — —— — —— Mr. Gregor, on the cultivation of French pears, the formation of borders for fruit-trees, and experiments with regard to ves effects of supplying the borders e ter of different temperatures, 2 S. ii. Mr. James, vii. 224, 228. acco ne of an apan. ment to ascertain the relative produce potatoes, PME in single or double drills or in beds, ii description of a me- thod of protecting cauliflower and other ten- der plants during winter, v. | air, in contact with roots in ‘porous pots, . Al 4. DRYANDER, i i. 274, 281, 307, 310, 342. — ————— his notes respecting the potato, Dos miiba, vi. 405. ———— Casso v. 10 Durio Zibethinus, v. 106. Drymis granatensis, 2 S. iii. 159. rte a south wall, vi. 6. o the air, Mie an 2 S. 1087. Dry rot, ii. 82. Du BREUIL, M., notice of grafting wax, sent by him to the Society, i ii. 407. Ducuesne, M., v. 2, 8, 22, 32, 40; vi. 149; pik 349. Ducu, 2 S. iii. 150. Durr, Mr. Caristie, on the cultivation of gin- ger in a glazed pit, vi. 307 on the treatment of Nymphaa. rubra, vii. 285. DUHALDE, vi. y Dv Hamet, i. 2 214, 230 6, es il. zm DN 62, 131, v. 513, 518, 296, 525, mm Nee 542, 545, 546, 549, 550 ; vi. 219, 9; 2S. 1., 59, 60, 67, 68, 74, 250, 262, Es 292 ; 2. S. 1i. 35, 41, 161, 199, 201, 208. DUKE or You, vi. Preface. Dukuh, v owe ‘Me, iii. 323; iv. 529. DUMONT DE Courser, i iii. 219. Dunar, M., ii. 347, 348, 350, 352, 353; v. 251, 252; yn..82. Doxnan, Mr. Jonn, on the cultivation of the common flax as an ornamen Duncan, Mr. James, 2 S. i. 3; 2 S. ii. 455. — — Mr, ii. 42, zt 47, 49, 53, 55. DUQUESNE, Abbé, iv. 520. Duracina, a hard-fleshed cherry of the Romans, i. 152; ; a term also applied to one of their vines, i. Durant, R., Esq., 2 S. i. 546. Duranta cyanea, 2 S. ii. 283. rere 2 S. i. 154. Durian, v. 105, 1 Dutch manure, 2 S. iii. 97, 99. DUM Mr., ii. 165. CHET, M., vi. 267 ; vii. 256, 414, 415; ra 87, 88, 89, 95, 215; 2 S. ii. 196, Dices dentata, 2 S. ii. 283. dependens, vi. 499; 2 S. ii. 243, 283. latifolia, 2 S. ii. 243, 283. peeta; 2.8.3.2 ulata, 2 S. ii. Dwarfing uis and fai. ad effected by the Chinese, iv. 224, ng font c effect of on the fruit, iv. 231. —— —— INDEX. Dymonp, Mr. GEORGE, notice respecting the underground onion, iii. 306. Dysart, Countess of vi. 115. E. Earth Nut, ii. 359. East India Company, vi. 276 ; vii. 49, 53, 55, Eccremocarpus longiflorus, 2 S. iii. 151. scaber, vii. 249; 2 S. ii. 295. Echeveria satifolia 2 S. iii. 127. chites nutans, vi. 70. sanguinolenta, vi. 70. suberecta, iv. 23. . Echium giganteum, 2 S. i. 269. EpEN, Mr., iii. 335. Epcan, Mr. Jony, vii. 150. Epwarps, Bryan, Esq., vi. 395. — ——- Captain Epwarp, i. 326. Joun, Esq., iv. 555; 2 S. i. 11. — Mr. SYDENHAM, i. 332 ; iv. 553. Edwardsia chrysophylla, 2 S. ii. 243, 256. ESE grandiflora, 2 S. ii. 243, 256. microphylla, vii. y 2 S. ii. 243, 256. Eepen, Arm Corners VAN, vi. 292, vii. 143, 149, 150, 151, 156, ies 360, 465. EGERTON, Sir Pur Lip,.2S. i Ed plant method of a. itin France, icd directions for cultivating and cook- ing, vi. 116. c Round Purple, vii. vii. 85. Eulantino Sponge, ii. 242, 243. Egremont, Earl of, iv. 528, 529; vi. 567. ——— — — specimens of an apple sent by him v. 269. Eure NN CHARLES, Esq, 2 S. ii. 395, il i. 286. Ehretia serrata, 2 S. ii. 283. oes angustifolia, vi. 36. eocarpus vd v. 120. Elder, 2 S. iii. 61. Eleocharis ieron 2 S. ii. Meo Elephant Apple, v. 118. peur Cardamomum, i. 282. evation, the diversified effects of, on vegetable life, i. App. 16. LLICE, Epwarp, Esq., ii. Error, inia, Esq., n id by, iii. 315. — —— Joms, Esq., description of a moveable frame for training vines in a house, to pro- tect them from frost, and to facilitate the operation of pruning, iii. 355. Eris, Jonn, Esq., vi. Elm, how propagated for dwarfing by the Chinese, iv. 229. Downton, v. 146. Erron, Isaac, Esq., iv. 139. Endive, 2 S. in. 60. description of the different varieties cultivated in the Garden of the Society, vi. 133. Broad-leaved, vi. 134. atavian, vi. 134. Common Yellow, vi. 134. Curled rea " 134. Curled Yellow, v Cut Yellow Winter, vi. . 187. Double Yellow, vi. 134. Dutch Green Curled, vi. 138. Fine Curled, vi. 134, 136. French Small ~~ Curled, vi. 136. Green Curled, vi. 137. — ——— Italian Green ‘Curled, vi. 138. Large Batavian, vi . 135. Large Green Curled, vi. 137, 138. Lettuce-leaved Batavian, vi. 135. Long Italian Green shaker vi. 139. New Batavian, vi. 135, 1 Small Batavian, vi. 135. Small Green Curled, vi. 137. White, vi. 139. — — — White Batavian, vi. 135, 136. ———— White Curled, vi. 139. Enpuicuer, Dr., 2 S. ii. 410. Enkianthus, ii. 157. uinqueflora, i ii. 156, 157. Epidendrum aloides, i. al glofolium i 298. ———á 2 S. iii. 155. anceps, i. 294. asperum, 2.8. um. 136. — aurantiacum, 2 S. ii. 140. ciliare, i i gn coccineum aoa | i sed 2 S. iii. 116. elongatum, i. bine -n— ONAL ETI 3 9. ii. 116. falcatum, 2 S. iii i 293; 28. iii. 141. — — reum, 2 S. iii. 155. Pho Nea 2S. n. 128. rubrum, 1. 295. secundum, i. 294. seriatum, 2 Si iii. 116. INDEX. Epidendrum : sinense, i. 298. —— ———— — Skinneri, 2 S. i ————— Sanfordimm, 2 Si iii. 136. — — ———— tuberosum wmbellatum, 2 S. iii. 116. a. z —— e et z B —_e eo 5 —————- vitellinum, 2 S. iii. 131. Epigza repens, vi. 405. Epigrams of Martial, citations from, respecting the luxury of forcing. houses enjoyed by the Romans, 1. 147, 148 Epinard de Flandres, vi. 576. Epipactis ensifolia, vi. 405. ——— OV. ata, — — —— palustris, vi. Epiphytal ver 2 Si ii. 939. Epiphytes, analyses of several, 2 S. iii. 53. — ————— orchideous, their eultivation, 2 8. Epsom salts, 2 S. iii. 42, 48, 50, 51, 75. eciyBos of Diosc., vi. 54. Erica abietina, 2 S. ii. 225, 271. arborea, 2 S. ii. 225, 243, 274. australis, 2 S. ii. 225, 245 214. —— — baccans, 2 S. ii. 225, colorans, 2 ü. 971. concinna, 2 S.i ii. D Ae 270. favoides, 2 S. i ii. flammea, 2 S. i red = = acilis, 2 S. ii. E 943, 210, 211. mediterranea, vii. 40 ; 2 S. n. 225, 243, 274. scoparia, 2 S. ii. 274. stricta, 2 S. ii. .225, 274. — — tubiflora, 2 S. ii. 225. 211. — — umbellata, 2 S. ii. 225, 274. vagans, 2 S. ii. 225, 226, 274. verticillata, 2 S. ii 2 Erigeron oe 2 S. iii. 156. 49. Eriobotrya j pik v. v. 194; 2 S. ii. 225, 243, Eriocephalus africanus, : p* r 21. Eriosoma mali, iii. 61 ; Erodium hymenodes, vii. he EnnriNGTON, Mr. RM upon forcing the peach-tree, 2 S. ii. Eryngium humile, 2 Si iii. . 156. Erythrina Crista-galli, 2 S. i. 284. Erythronium aquatile, i. 331. — — — Dens Canis, i. 331. Escallonia caracasana, 2 S. iii. 157. t nS 2 S. i. 264, 269. — —— — montevidensis, 2 v^ ii. Ls 284. E pulverulenta, 2 S. ii. 243. Escallonia rubra, 2 S. ii. 243, 284. Eschscholtzia cespitosa, 2 S. i. 408. ————————— croce 401. Escobedia linearis, 2 S. 1 Esculent vegetables dodi in Chin, v. 49. Espeletia grandiflora, 2 S. iii. 158. Essex, Earl of, v. 492 ; vi. 477. Ethanium racemosum, i. 281, 282. Eucalyptus ridet 2 S. ii. 248. M — ER i, 25. Ku ————— erai 2 S. ii. 243, 248. Euclea, v. 92. Eucomis punctata, vi. 438. striata, vi. MN Eugenia sies Y 1 alis, 2 S. ii. 240. Guasi 2 S. iii. 157 Jambos, i. App. 11, 12, 13, 14; v. 112. malac ccensis, V. 111, Euihi gracilis, vi. guineensis, vi. 86. Euonymus, 2 S. i. vx chinensis. echin atus, 2 s ii. Jens europeus, va Hazniltonlanus, 2 $i ii. i. 264. ccs 2 S. ii. sarmentosus, D S. ii. 2 Eupatorium ee 2 S. iii. 159. — ————— glutinosum, 2 S. iii. 154. latipes, 2 S. iii. 159. se vil. 250. — — — — vacciniefolium, 2 S. iii. 159. Euphorbia amygdaloides, 2 S. ii. 232. ——— cyathophora, vi. 91. mellifiti, 2 S. i ii. 274. ——————— ven Euphrasia stricta, 2 S. iii. 156. Eurya chinensis, vi. 271. Euryale ferox, iii. 31, 34, 35. uxenia Mitigui, 2 S. ii. 248. Evans, Tuomas, Esq., i. 272, 279, 300, 303, 932 ; iv. 333, 342; vi. 325. Evansia chinensis, i. 303. Evaporation from plants, vi. 20. Evetyn, Jon, his remark concerning the ap- plication of ve to annual i. 6. Evergreens, 2 S. ii. 233, 254, 278. E WBANKE, FL Aer ir 211. INDEX. Exhaustion of soils, 2 S. iii. 189. Exhibitions, reports upon, 2 S. i. 529. Exotics, account of several which endure the open air in Devonshire, i. 175, 242, 243. Expansion of liquids, table of, vii. 57 ^ Experiments, First Report on those carried on in othe Garden of the Horticultural Society, i. 373. F. Fabricius, ii. 162. FaGoAco, Viscount, ii. 156. FargBAIRN, Mr. Joan, i. 291. on the cultivation of the strawberry, 2 S. i. 84. — — ——— Mr. Tuomas, on the cultivation of air-plants, vii. 499. FAIRWEATHER, Mr. Jonn, on due cultivation of the Impatiens balsamina, iii. 406. Fatconer, Dr., plants wmm from, 2 S. ii. 411, 413, 414. —— Mr. J., 2 S. i. 536, 540, 543. Farberman, Mr. Francis, on the propaga- tion of Zamias, vi. 901. ALLA, Mr., vi. 172, 207, 288 ; vii. 230; 2 S. i. 230, 231, 232, 234. account of a successful method of raising onions, ii. 121. Farina of hardy plum-trees introduced into the blossoms of the tender iru rich varieties thence attainable, i. App. 2 Farmer, T., Esq., 2&i. 545; d iii. 35. FARNBOROUGH, Lady, vi i. Fanqunamn, Sir Ronznr, v. 198 ; vii. 46. Fat Hen (Chenopodium album), i iv. 489. Fences, for Gardens and Orchards, on the most eligible, ii. 354. Fennel, 2 S. iii, 52 2, 61. Ferns, directions for raising from seed, iii. pe tol „Species raised by Mr. Shepherd iii. 341. Da c cyst v. 118. erraria pavo: 9. poet Tigridia, i. 309. ERRARIUS, his account of the Tuberose, i. 48. ertilization .by Pollen of a different species, effect of, in altering the usual form of the ule, y Ficus Poe iP Pliny, T din 50. E elastica, vi . 889. ume ip = the treatment of, in the conser- pe ant cab — Pis 2 S. iii. 160. F kr pes of hastening their maturity, i 1 several sorts cultivated by the Romans, 1. 152. when first introduced into England, i. 56. Mr. Gardiner’s Mr" P ripening the second crop, i. 252, 253, 2 large crops raised by Mr. “Aiton, i in Kew Gardens, i. cultivation of, on the back walls of vine- Eun: iii. 409. dried in this country, exhibited, iv. — 564. method of obtaining very early crops of, vi. 232. account of a method of forcing at Hare- wood House, vi. 365. on their Mortgage. 2 S. ii. 165. effects of frost on, 243, 274, 275. sections K Bgured, v. 166, 167. varieties — Black Provena v. 948. ——— Blanche, vi. 233. —— Blue Burgundy, iv y. 506. —— Brown Sin tend iv. 505 ; v. 348. m ey, iv. 505. —— Ford's Seedling, v. 948. Genoa, vi. 366. Black, vi. 366. —— Large White, v. 347. — Gentile, v. 348. — Howick, v. 164. Ischia, Brown, v. 347 Green, v. 163, 348 ; vi. 866; 2S. ii. 2975 —— Large Brown, vi. 366. Small Black, vi. 366. i M OHOW, Y. Ob. -—— — Italian, iv. 805. Long Blue, iv. — — Marseilles, White. v. 948 ; vi. Pp 48. —— Poc nat y Sierra Leone), v. 448. Tarring, iv. 505. — — White Marseilles, iii, 435; iv. 506; v. 163, 164, 167, 176. Fig-tree, one still lL growin in the Archbishop’s Garden at to have been im- INDEX. tata training of the, iii. 307. account of the ra in the garden of of Christ Ch Church, Oxford ——— effects of high semen on, iii. - 460. Culture of, in a Stove, iv —————- on its management in the open air, iv. 428, — premature dropping of the fruit, v. 163. upon its cultivation, 2 S. i. 395. -——— iments on its rate of growth, 2 S. iii. 108. Fig-trees, management of, i. App. 7. ——— on their preservation in the winter, ii. 228. — Memoranda respecting their culture in the m air in England, iii. 74. —— tandard, on their treatment in the Gardens at Arundel Castle, iv. 185. account of some in a den at Sompting, near Miei iv. 5 upon them E" ringing, t 2 -—— e management of, in the open air, v. ris — ——- mode of E their branches during winter, vi. 108 Filberts, i. 155 ar- grown by the Romans, i. 153. — — cultivation and mode ot pruning of, near pono iv. 145. fertilization of the female 8, T 3 Fior del Passione, i iii. 111, 112. Fir, i. A Fir- ZN-quof, vu of, 2 S. iii. 55. 2 S. ii. 256. and said to have Henri IV. to the fair Gabrielle, i —: how constructed, i. 148 management of those with double doors and ash-p Pt ca 467. Fiscugg, Mr. CumimsroruER ABRAHAM, vi. 99. — Dr., iv, 368; vi. 296, 509; vii. 252. ————— Account of Count a T steam- i kd at St. an heed. meer iii notice respecting the «gola Evan- chy fro — plants received from, 2 S. ii. 410, 412; 2 S. ii. 411, 413. - — Me; vi. 291. Fisuer, Rev. Jonn, upon the management of an unproductive Swan’s-egg Pear-tree, vii. 94. Fistik, vi. 47. FITZGERALD, Lord Henry, iii. 313, 328; v. 407. ———————————————— specimens of a pear sent from his garden, v. 266. Flacourt, v Flacourtia i inermis, v. 116. ——— ntchi, v. 93. spids, v. 120. ——— aria, v. 120. FLANAGAN, "M Patrick, praetieal aecount of the culture of early melons, i iv. 187. apple exhibited by, iv. 524. cucumbers raised by, iv. 560, on the house ma- nagement of peaches and nectarines, v v. 51. ax, common, national advantages derivable its culture, i. on its cultivation as an orna- mental slack, i. 71. eee cce ee its bo- tanical description, say soil Ae suited for its growth, i. 72, 18. season for — i. 73. ow to prepare it for the flax- dresser, i. 7 error in the e of pulling and Preiser, the flax, i. 7 aceration of, i. 74. Pirra Mr. Tuomas, his mode of hast- a E S on open walls, v. 484 F ea: Jony, Esq., 2 S. ii: 227, 234. FLETCHER, ANDREW, Esq., vi. 593. Flor e Mayo, 2 S. iii. 157. Flos Passionis, iii. 111, 113, 114. Flowers, double, observatione upon the natural laws which govern their ees vi. 309. Frov, Mr. Micnaet, vii. 241 fruits, of which trees were transmitted to the pT Le INDEX. Flues, used by the Romans under the floors of their apartments, i. 148. —— for hothouses, « on their construction, iii. — hothouse, Walker’s improved construc- tion of, iv. 237. construction of, v. 213. age of, 216. . n their management, so as to keep up a nearly equal temperature during the night, vi. Flue-em voli ii. «t FonjawsE, GEonaE Saving, Esq, vi. 541; 2 S. ii. 233. Follette, vii. 130. Fontanesia phyllireoides, 2 S. ii. 243, 275. 00-chow-foo, calendar of the weather, natural wá and country operations at, 2 S, iii. E Dr. v. 515; notes relative to the cultivation of Asparagus at Vienna, v. 335, Mr. J ri 2:5. n. 226, 272. Jou v. Preface ; vi. 82, "fi 88; vi. 275, 971, 281, 282; vii. 64, 73, 7 Sir WILLIAM, vii. 197, 198 ES ies their defective construction, i. ,9 ao o om inm of one for Grapes, i. 99; figured, ib ————— übscHvations on those of the —. Romans, i. 147. ——— — the appellation misapplied to Lu. i. 150. pP pP ~ o thé ill effec ‘ts of excessive heat in, during the night, ii. td ventilation of, ii >, curvilinear, Mr. Kaight s plan for, ii. 350. weight of iron re- quired for one, ii. 353. 70 —— in the Garden of the Society, | vi. 378. on the form which the glass of Pa ae em in order to receive 2 t possible quantity of rays from t sun, ii. 171. 2 j A ES "ime wid ii. 17 1. or gra plan of Sir s Ws S. Mackensie? 8, E pian f for oe large, in Ao» , vu. 295. his description of a ORREST, Me aid 9 S. i. 535, 540. Tuomas Furty, Esq., i. 284. peis vi 294 b by, iii. 313, 316. F Forster, Dr. Joun RxrNHorn, iii. 340; iv. FonsvTH , Mr. WinrtAM, i. Preface; ii. 167 ; iii. 257 ; ii. 321, 825; v. 536, 544; 2 S. i. 59, 67. Wituram, Esq. Apples exhibited ORTUN t, Mr. RonEnT, upon the Achimenes longiflora, 2 2 S. ii. 508. unt of experi- ments kie the effects ‘of M vinlcod wood, . li. 515. FosrER, Right Hon. Avavsrvs, v. 514. ————— AUGUSTUS m vii. 260. Capt., 2 S. i FOTHERGILL, Dr. Ji, 260, 211, 300, 302; ii. 94 ; vii. 230. Fovrx, Mr., vi. 299, —————— IAM, on the cultivation of the Madeira Vadaa vi. Fountains, artificial, unfavourable to the growth of Aquatics, iv. Fox, Mr., Falmouth, 28 253, 269, 211, 282, 286, 281. Fox-glove, employed for the destruction of In- cts, v. 484. Fragaria virginiana, iii. 207. Frame, account and plan of one with rising lights, iii. 130. Fin ae rotecting, for ra Sea Kale, BS. i. 165; ong 165, 166, 167, . li. 247, 248, 249, - for vete remarks on the proper con- struction of, i. imperenet in adopting their form to inclined surfaces, i. 142. method of asining Vines in, i. 143. Cucumber, coverings for, iii. FnANKLAND, Sir Tuomas, iii. 329; 93. vii. i. 99. Apples sent by, iii. tice of Labels for plants sent by him, iii. an. 314. e means of destroying Wasps, iv. 107. no east gi aM MU of Charcoal on the root of a Hyacinth, iv 130. Melon sent by him to the MIRA iv. A FRANKLIN, ERA Fraser, Mr., Me ae 338; iii. 33. CuanLEs, vi. 265, 278. Hvan, 2 S. i. 54 JOHN, iii. 225 ; vi. 287; 2S. i. 256, 275. INDEX. Fraser, Mr., vii. 232. Fraxinus americana, 28. ii. 243, 261. — e — "Theophrasti, vi. 494. Freezing of vegetable fluids, ii. Ti 186*. FRENCH, JOSEPH, gee. 2454. i. 3al 5, iv. 256; an account of his etek "of forcing Vines and ee ii. 245. Fries, M., vii. 237. Fritillaria barbata, yn. 279. obliqua, i i. 834. Frost, Mr. Purp, 2 S. ii. 227. Pon, late, 2 S. ii. : ——— ——— Spring, 2 S. i. 353; 2 S. ii. 137, 139, 199, 327, 491; 28 iii. 219 ; vii. 111, 355. ——— early Autumn, 2 S. i. 191; 28. ii. 147, i: 547; 2S. iii. 183, 231. e good effects of watering frozen memes of Peach and Nectarine trees very early in the morning, ii. boj counteract its effects, iii. 42. urious effects of -its ux on the stems ‘ot a vi. ——— report on the effect on certain plants by that of iio 29th April, 1826, vi. 493. —— in, vi. 536. in the north of Hol vi. 536. severe, 2 S. 1. a ::3 8. di. 230. intense, 2 S. ii. severe, in April 2 S. ii. 925. observations upon the effects pro- are on plants by those of 1837-8, 2 S. ii. Fruits, ameliorated varieties of, how produced originally, i. 2. cies requires its peculiar soil and dide: i. 30. * M new and early, observation on the me- thod ys ee co ———— e means of ura- tion of valuable varieties e T n ——— names of several i kinds which may be raised in this country, i. 1 list of those cultivated by the Romans, 1.152; and in the English gardens in Tus- ser's time, i. 154. when sufficiently hardy are best fla- voured from standard trees, ii. 109. rmanence of character in er varieties SA when propagated by grafts an n j Fruits, on the preservation of, during winter and spring, ii. exhibit all the characters of a living vegetable for a considerable time after being taken from the tree, ii. 194. — —— insects diverted from, by the Hoya car- nosa, ii. 197. preservation of, from Wasps, iii. 256. notices of varieties exhibited, iv. 203. notices of new or remarkable varieties ripened in the summer and autumn of 1820, iv. 508. on the accidental intermixture of cha- racter in, v. Tropical, descriptions of, v particularly Melons, acquire n high- est state of perfection when their growth is slow and regularly progressive, v. 143 edible, of Sierra Leone, account of, 9. notice of varieties exhibited at the orik of the Society in the years and 1824, vi. 392. eosin on the qualities of newly- raised, vi. 529. the quantity in proportion: to the surface of leaves ought not to be less under glass than in the open ae ii. "112, and leaves, connection between, ii. 184. —— models of, presented to the Society, i iv. 51. maturity of, supposed to be accelerated by the aroma of one rds ripe, v. 228. ability of trees to ripen depends greatly on the quantity of light which falls on their foliage, v. 271. .| Fruit buds, how rendered more apt for fructi- fication, i. App. END gre Report of, ii. 58. m, description and lan of one, ii. 76. Ratalna pig or late, of seedling-trees are habits more or less inherited, ii. Fruit- Fruit tres m management of, in pots, ii. 112. night's method of training «them, i i. ae Mr. Wilmot's remarks on the pre- ~ sent mode of budding and grafting them, i. 215. a es of propagating from the roots of old Ppa ot E E 3 252. " — ——— on a method ofi Lege their pro- dactireness, ii. 262. f y tinging.of, ii. 265, 267, 882; 1v. 123. ccu n the s of watering them early in meo d ; a i at night when ripening their fruit, ii. 288. INDEX. Fruit-trees, on the proper management of those | intended for early forcing, ii. 368. i — ———— description of a mode of VM | WM] apd ii. App. 8; figure ment of, by Mr. Charles Har- rison, iii. 37. to counteract the effects of frost, in. 42. on the causes of decay in, iii. 291. effects of the application of a ne ture on, iv. 123. observations on a method of train- ing them in Russia to preserve them from t gum en iv. 405. of grafting to induce their early fruiting,’ iv. 410. ——— — vor jf insects on, v. 76. blight, v. umming of v. 175. mildew, v. 175. wash for, v. 319. effects of age on, v. 384. upon the beneficial effects of pro- ed their stems from frost in early spring, — — — composition for the destruction of insects on, vi protecting frame for, vii. 76. "c on the alluvial banks of rivers, vii. — — — planting of, on raised banks, vii. 139. wo to furnish naked branches of with new wood, vii. 417. Ep inst walls, upon the causes of the Ts wes of parts of their branches, Z "— praning = 2 S. ii. 511. Fry, Tar, Peren Esq., 2 S. i. 540. a 2 Fuchsias, upon their cultivation, vi. 520. Fuchsia am liata, 2 S. iii . 154. Vonshire oo cordifolia, 28. iil. 135. 158 "iesu o inured to the climate of De- 175. abriuscula, 2 S. iii. 155. | FURRE | Fuchsia sessiliflora, 2 S. iii. 155. - endens, 2 S. iii. 131. "nion 28. in. aey verrucosa, 2 S. ii virgata, 2 S. ii. 243, 284. Fuel, on the most economical method of em- ploying it in heating flues, iv. 156. Fumigator, vi. 140; figured, vi. 141. Fungi, ME contained i in, 2 S. in. 53. OHN, iv. 455. | Pere 3 Si ii. . 295, 226, 239, 245. Irish, 2 S. ii. 235, 245. G. GuenTNER, iv. 489; vi. 70. GAGE, Sir a i. 328. Gaines, Mr., 2 S. i. 540, 544, 546. Galanga officinalis, i. 281. Galatea vespertina, i. 310. Galaxia grandiflora, i. 314, 515. graminea, i. 3 mucronularis, i. 315. obtusa Sa, 1. ovata, i. 315. i. 314. versicolor, i 1. 915. GALEN, iii. 343; iii. App. 26. GALLESIO, ii. App. 3; x ze 260, 261. Galium Aparine, 2 S. i. GALLOIS, ABBE, i. in. i 12. GALTON, SAMUEL, Esq., Sasari piela of his an of exposing the branches of vines, v. Gangi, v. 91. Ganymedes MAE i. 358. — —— effusu puleiibl ts, À i. 354. Garcinia, v. 117. — Cambogia, vii. 16. cochinchinensis, i L 270. e Mangostana, v: Garden, national, advantages ofi E Ne walls, blackening of, vi of the Horticultural Society First Re- port on Experiments carried on in it, vi. 373. ———————— analysis of its soil, 2 S. iii. 36. Gardenia florida, dwarfed by the Chinese, iv. 30. 2 GARDNER, Hon. Mr., a 28. ii. 177, 178. y. G ER, Rev. J., 2$. ii. 259, 263, 266. berum Rev. Tuomas, v yi. 173; 2 S. 1. 591. uana tact rn i e rvations on the cultivation of l ARI with remarks on INDEX. the — — of their blossoms and fruit, iv. GARNIER, Ms Ta MAS, notice of strawberries exhibited by him, iv. 509. ecimens of the spec Rosebery Strawberry exhibited by him, v. 260. cane Heure 2 S. ii. 243, 261. urifolia, 2 S. ii. 117, 126. mécnpicin 2 S. i. 391; 2 S. ii 4. Gas-lime, 2 S. iii. 94. Gas-water or liquor, 2 S. iii. 47, 48, 50, 51, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101. GASSENDI, i i. 46. Gavsac, M., v. 23, 41. Gaultheria anastomosans, 2S. in. 158. —— conferta, 2 S. iii. 159. cordifolia, 2 S. dii. 158. serpyllifolia, ii. 94. GAWLER, Mr., iii. 878; vii. 457. Gay, Mr, vii. "421, 422. Gaylussacia buxifolia, " E iii. 159. Gazania rigens, 2 S. i Geissorhiza berum i. ate — ———— secunda, i. 321. Gela nheeclnii vi. 69, 70. Genista triquetra, 2 S. ii. 275. dana — 2 m - "a isa, 2 limoselloides, 2 ^e iii. i156. — r ae i iii. 156. — folia, 2 S. iii. 154. i ak author of ‘Le Jardinier Solitaire,’ i 52. Gets, its definition, iv. 21. Georgina, iii. 219. —— — ——— coccinea, i. 2 iii. 222, ea, ii superflua, i iii. 221. — —— — variabilis « (purpurea), iii. 221 ; lilacina, iii. 222. Apnea ranium anemonefolium, vii. RM, Meg M aniciun ok i Qu UE *42 8.1. 401. GERRARDE, i. 9$, 123; i ii. 274; iii. 19, 108, 342, 348, 438, 442; v. 5. GESNER, iii. xli t. Gesnera aes ch vii. 62. mifolia, 2 S. iii. 154. Gethyra te ps A i. 282. GIBBS, Mr. Tuomas, i. 359; vi. 153, 184; 2S. i. 535; notice ol varieties of the common Cowslip sent by him, iii. 357. Ginson, Bishop, i. 329. Mr. ise, account of his method of growing Pine Apples under a frame, with the heat of leaves alone, v.. To Gites, DANIEL, Esq., ii. 336; vi. 579. Apples ‘exhibited by, iii. 312. Gilia achillezfolia, 2 S. i. 478. liniflora, 2 S. i, 478. —— pharnaceoides, 2 S. i. 478. tenuiflora, 2 s. i. 418. tricolor, 2 S. 1. 478. Guu, Mr., vi. 413. Gittes, Dr. Jon, vii. 53, 72. Gilliesia graminea, vii. GinerN, WILLIAM, Esq., " 8 i. 104; iii 334, Ginger, on the cultivation of, in a glazed pit, i, 807. Giao Plum of Sierra Leone, v. 452. Girolamo, v. Gissanthe spiralis, i i. 279. Gladioli, African, iv. 23. iul European, remarks on mule edinin from, iv. 23, 39, 46. cultivation of. in the open borders, iv. 153. Gladiolus akorin l i. 324; æthiopicus, i. 324 blando-cardinalis, i in. 196. landus, ii cardinali- bia iii. 196. cardinalis, i i. 325; iii, 196; concolor, i. evi hirsutus, iv lineatus, i. dui. vi. 292. — — ——- longiflorus, i. 318. ———— — ÀÀ i. 323. ———— precox, i. 325. psittacinus, 2 S. ii. EN 268. — — —— quadrangularis, i. ringenti- - i iv. can. tristis, iv. iv. 155. epi de fig. iv. 47. — nahh figured, iv. 47. —— Watso: 25. Glas. Poirota table ‘of rays reflected from, - 163. Glasshouses, tegorinr. vida of constructing, , vi. 545. INDEX. Glass, hand, for placing over newly-grafted orange and emon-trees, iii. Glazier, appellation of that tradesman among mans, 1. 149. Glazing, circular, iv. 86 ; figured, iv. 87. — copper lap, iv. 89; figured, iv. 91. horizontal, iv. 85; figured, iv. 87 is hothouses and conservatories, iii. a lights and the roofs of forcing- houses, mode of, vi. 112; figured, vi. 113. lead lap, iv. 90 ; figured, iv. 91. rhomboidal, figured, iv. 87. shield, iv. 89 ; "figured, iv. 87. —— Stewart’s patent, iv. 89. Gleditschia chinensis, vi. 495 ; 2 S. ii. 253. 495. . 495. Ginny, Mr., 2 S. i. 535, 536, 542, 545. Globba nutans, i i. 279. Gloriosa superba, i. 331 ; vi. 277. "use on the proper treatment of, iii. p virescens, vi. 277. Giyeine Apios, iv. 445. — —— sinensis, vi. 496; 2 S. i. 305; 2 S. ii. 243, 259. E . —— account of, vi. 460. Glycosmis citrifolia, vi "iis Gnidia ae, 2 S. i Gomortega nitida, v. 104. G NDOUIN, M, 2 S. i oop, Mr. Peren, a pesca botanie gar- dener, i 1. 327, 328. G HALL, Henry, Esq., v. 415 OODRICKE, Sir Henry, Account communi- cated by him of the original tree of the Rib- um ae iii. 140. Try, the raising superior varieties of, 9ne of the objects for a premiums were intend be given by the Horticultural Society, i., App. 2. Pc Oe oo remarks on pruning, ii. 146. — — —— Globe, small red. Gooseberry, mode of destroying the caterpillar on the, ii. 150. — ————— method of training the trees, iv. 194; v. 76; vii. 403. — ————— method of forcing, iv. 415. tar-water preventive of the fly, iv. notice of three remarkable plants, vi. 497. account of varieties of, 2 S. i. 218. Admirable, Grange’ i; 28.1.2939. Amber, 2 S.i. 224, 231 ; 2 S. iii. 63. Hair 2 S. a 230. Smooth, 2$.. 281. 25.1229 Hebburn be 2 8.1. S34, Aston, 2 291. eedling, 2 S. i. 229. Ball, yellow, 2S. 1. 224, 232. Belmont’s green, 2 S. i. 233. Beaumont's red, 2 S. 1. 224, 229. Bright Venus, Taylor’: s, 2 S. 1. 238, 244. — ———-— British Crown, Boardman’s, 2 S. i. 236, 239. Champagne, red, 2 S. i. 223, 227; 2 S. ni. 62. White, 2 S. i. 225, 234. Yellow, 2 S. i. 224, 230. Chance, Great, 2 S. i. 240, 241. oe. Cheshire Lass, Saunders’s, 25 L 238, 245. — — — — Countess of Errol, 2 S. i. 227. Crown Bob, Milling's, 2581 236, 239. Crystal, 2 S. i. 226, 235. white, 2 S. ii. 62; 2 S. i. 225, 234. — —— Damson, white, 2 S. i. 226, 235. Dark rough red, 2 S. iii. Dr. Davies's Upright, 2 S. i. i. 227. Duke of York, Alleock’s, 2 S. i. 239. Early Green hairy, 2 S. 1. 225, 232. Red, Wilmot’ E258 236, 240. White, 2 S. i. 226, 235. Elisha, Lovart's, 2 S. i. '931, 242. — — ——— Farmer's Glory, Berry s, 2 S.i i. 286, 240. Glenton green, 2 S.L 225, oa. al 2 8. 1. 223, 227. Glory of Ratcliff, Allen's, 2 S. i. 25, 234. DE Golden Ball, 2 S. i. 931. Bull, 2 231. Yellow, Dixon’ s, 2S. i. 237, h 241. INDEX. Gooseberry, Green Gage, Pitmaston, 2 S.i. 225, 233. Green, Sabine’s, 2 S. i. 225, 233. Green seedling, 2 S. i. 225, 232. Greenwood, Berry's, 2 S. i. 237, 243. hairy red, Barton' 8.2.9.1. 223, 226. Heart of Oak, Massey's, 2 S. i. 237, Hebburn Green Prolific, 2 S. i. 225, Hedgehog, 2 S. i. 225, Honey, white, 2 S. i. 226, 235. Independent, Briggs's, 28.i 237, Ironmonger, 2 S. i. 227. Jolly Angler, Collier ay 25.1.2217. Collins, 2 S. i. 242. Tar, Edward s, 2 Sh 2a, 243. ———-— Keens’ eee 2 S. i. 223, 228. seedling Warrington, 2 S. iii. 63. —— — —— Lancashire Lad, Hartshorn's, 2 S. i. 236, 238. —— — —— Large Red Oval, 2 S. i. 236, 240. —— —— Late green, 2 S. i. 225, 233. Laurel, Parkinson's, 28.i 1. 237, 242. Lord Crewe, Hopley’s, 2 S. i. 237, 242. of the Manor, Bratherton’s, 2 S. i. 236, 238. — — Maid of the Mill, Stringer’s, 2 S. i. 238, 245. ———— um Bold, 2 S. i. 224, 230. L Red, 2 8S. 1. 233, 228. Moe 8 Seedling, 2 S. i. 231. m Perfection, Gregory's, 2 S. i. 237, 42. Pigeon’s Egg, 2 S. i. 230. Porcupine, 2 S. iii. 63. Prince of Orange, 2 S. i. 241, Princess Soyal 2,8, 1. 291, 249. ———— ueen Charlotte, Peers's, 28. 1 238, 245. TRUN, -r me i, 224, 228. ———— Rose, 2 S. i. 236, 240. — Rifleman, Leigh's, 2 S. i. 236, 239. ————— g Lion Farrow’s, 2 S. i 236, 240. Robin Hood, 2 S. i. 241, - ———— Rough Red, 2 S. i. 223, 226. Small Dark, 2 S. i. 223, 221 Royal Anne, Yates’ s, 2 e i. 239. Rumbulli lion, 2 S. i. 224, 231. n, Rider 8 2 S. i. 236, 241. Gooseberry, Scotch best Jam, 2 S. i. 223, 227. ———— eba Queen, Crompton's, 2 S. i. 238, 244. — — —— Smiling Beauty, Beaumont’s, 2 S. i. 231, 242. — —— —- Smooth Green, large, 2 S. i. 237, 236, 240. Plants from seed, 2 S. ii. — ——— Mr. James, 243 Scotch, $1 5:1.827. — — — Sulphur, 2 S. i. 224, 230. Ear ry, 28. 1.294, 231. — — —— Tarragon, 2 S. i. — —— — '[urkey, Red, ; & i 224, 227, 230. Vietory, Lomas's, A x i. 236, 239. Volunteer, 2 S. i. Walnut, Green, 2 v i. i. 225, 233. ite, 2 S. iii. 62. Warrington, Red, 2 S. i. ifs 229. Wellington’ S Glory, 2 S. i. 238, 244. —— ———- White Eagle, Cook's, 2 S. i. 238, 245. Lion, Cleworth's, 2 S. i. 238, 244. — Whi we Woodward's, 2 S. i. 238, 244; 2 S. i Wilmot's Early, iv. 206; 2S. i ete Late York seedling, 2 S. i — — ——— Missouri, vii. 243. Gorpon, Duke of, vii. 200. r. GEORGE, 2 S. ii. e upon the varieties ‘of the Bean, 2 S. i upon the a of the Pea, 2 S. i. 374. upon ws Coniferous ^ i. 350 ; ii. acis e eig kon, 28. . MA Sir pines 2 S. ii. BERT, s received from, 2 S. ii. 418. Gordon Castle, account of Holly-trees at, vii. 200. Gordonia anomala, vii i, 531. Gore, Colonel, iv. 95. Gorrie, Mr. Arcurpatp, on the effects pro- duced on vegetation by the combination of heat and moisture at different periods of the year, vi. 432. PSP [the salut tree, 2 S. i. 214. . . —- Composition for roses, vi vi. 317. Te Wax, n. 407 v. 284. I ara notes respecting it, Graan, Dr, vi. 412. GRANDI, M., v GnaAnAyM, J. G., Esq., vii. Pref. Graine de Bourre, v. 95. Granada, ii. 111. Granadilla, i iii. 99, 101, 109 ; 2 S. ii. 157 — on its c v. 60. tivation, i of Monardus, iii. 112. 00. vine, iii. 1 . 88. n: Mr. dicus, 1 1. 117 ; ii. 378 ; vi. 198; 2 S. i. 239. apples exhibited by, iii. 312. notice of strawberries exhibited by him, iv. 508. GRANT, ls Esq, 2 S. i i. 888. x Hexny, Esq. 2 S. 1. 541. GRANTHA x, Lady. vi 143. Grapes, experiments Ey Mr. Knight for raising new varieties of, 1. richer in consequence of ventilation, cause of their imperfect maturation, from Dukhun, 2 S. ii. 170. method of ripening by dung-heat, ii. to obtain early and late, in the same house, iii. for a late crop, iii. 95. on a method of retarding their ripening, so as to obtain a supply in winter, iii. 95. — on the management of, in vineries, iv. 98. varieties grown at Woodhall, iv. 105. produce of, in a vinery, iv. 10 mode of preserving till late in the sea- son, iv. 181. varieties grown under a mode Py which they are kept till late in the season, iv. 182. thinning, iv. 255. method of preserving them late on the vines, iv. 143. ——— method x d ertum an early crop in the pine stove, ode of fac them in Denmark, v. 411. colouring of, v. 472 forced slowly, buy longest, v. 477. mode of hastening their maturity on open — Es y of obtaining very early crops of, vi "ici of, s es ow. in borders, vi. 454; fi pec e on the growth of early and late, under glass, vii. 1. de INDEX. Grapes, comments on those described by Speechly, vii. 263. —— —— cultivation of, on flued walls, 2 S. ii. 525. experiments by Mr. vv for raising new varieties of, i. 36, 37, description of a cec cie for, i. 99. ————— remarks on a method of hastening their — 107. unt of a hot-bed and frame for forcing, i i. . 143. ds as arsine ier to which they are the kie e raising of a riat} pen adapted to the proe of Britain, an object for which the Horticultural Society intended to give premiums, i. App. 2. account, by Mr. Knight, of two varie- = each bearing bunches of different co- lour. 8. ‘on an early variety of, from Amiens, ii. “Ahbee, 2 S. ii. 172. Aleppo, vii. 266. Ainaa M. figured, iv. 8. Alicant, vii. p Black imm Me Knight’ s experi- ment with, i. 36. large, vii. 272. ems 28 1.112. mall, vii. 272. Black Corinth, iv. 515. Damascus, iii. 95, 97 ; vi mode of MUN its blossoms, vi. 119. Black ee ili. 117; iv. 105. i. 274, from Palestine, vii. 274. Raisin, i iii. 95. i: vii. "rn — ——^ Braddick’s rid h, iv. 54 - Brick, vii. 271 Burgundy, i i. Miller s, vii. 272. Le Cour, vii. 267. 2 Cannon Hall Muscat, figured, 2 S. i. — ——— Chasselas, vii. 271. White, v. 471. —— Ciotat, vii. 214. vii. 272. —9M Grape, Claret, on making wine from its leaves, ll. Constantia, a ey vii. 268. Whi 1. 268. Corinth, Black, iv. 515; . figured, 2 S. White, vii. 274. Cornichon, vii. 274. Cat's, vii. 273. actylides, or Finger-shaped, grown by the Romans, i. 153. Damascus, Black, vii. 264. Damson, vii. 273. Early White, from Teneriffe, vii. 273. — ——— Elford Seedling, v Bath Esperione, 28. ii ac — sti il. 93; figured, 7b. Frankendal, v. Frontignan, i i. 31. Black, vii. 268. Violet, vii. 269. l - White, vii . 268. Fukree, 2 S. ii. 171, 173. — — — Gibraltar, vii. 270. — Golden Med rae. vii. 267. Greek, a Gróvé- End Srietrater v. 263. Hamburgh, 2 S. i Big; vii. ni Red, vii. 270. Whi te, vii. 270, 273. Hubshee, 2 S. ii. 171. od Early ee vii. 273. ee, 2 S. ii. 1 orocco, Muscadel, “Black, vii. 267, 273. i. 268. Morillon noir. hátif vii. 273. — —— Muscat of Al a, ii. 185 ; vii. T. ite, vii. 264. ———— produced on the open wall, a ligature having been INDEX. applied to the stem of the vine, 2 S. ii. 1 Grape, Muscat of Lunel, White, vii. 274. Tot tenham Park, vi. 122. ——— r précoce, vii. 269. Pansy -leaved, Ww hite, vii. 274. Party-coloured, - i. 67. Petersburgh, iv — — Pitmaston White Cuien figured, iii. 249. —— Poonah, iv. 516. Portugal, vii. 270; 28. i Round Black, 2 S ii. 172, 174. Small White, vii. 272. Raisin, Black, vii. 273. White, vii. 273. — — Red Frontignan and White Sweet- LSC Hä kabiak, in. 117. Red, from Syracuse, yii. 266. Royal d - 365. ——— Sahibee, 2 S. ii. EN Peter's, iii. otc 6 97 ; vii. 7, 278, Small Black Cluster, iii. 249. e271. — —— Sweetwater, ME with, i. 36. ~~~ Black, v Stillvard's vil. ` 969. White, vii. 269. ian, iii. 95, 97 ; vii. 272. okay, Blue, vii. 27 0. Flame- coloured, vii. 271. arner's, vii. 27 70. — — Warner’s Hamburgh, iii. 117. ~ White, from Alcobaça, vii. 268. grt White: Muscat of Alexandria, iii. 95, 97. 97. asselas and Aleppo, variety v1 White Sweet- water, crossed, i. 37. ing, i. CRM Wortley Hall Seedling, i iv. 516. Grapes cante, 1v. 515. rapes of of China, v. 123. employed for cross- Grape Country, of Sierra Leone, v. 447. Sea-side, v. 99 houses, for what purpose constructed by the Romans, i. 149. Gravid flower; i ii. 157. Gravitation, its influence upon the motion of the sap, i. 218, 238. influence of, upon the forms of plants, vii. 415. Gray, Dr. Epwarp WHITAKER, i. 353. Epwarp, Esq., vii. 55 Green, Mr. ges ^: the management of the "svi 3 S. 1. 281 i. 540, 541, 542, 543. —— Mi: i. 271. Tiworny, Esq., vi. 41 Green-house in the Garden of the Society, vi. 374. ————— pe ain of one at Valleyfield, vi. 225; plan of, 226 GReEENING, Mr., ii. 164. GREENSHIELDS, Mr. WILLIAM, 2 S. i. 543. on the cultiva- ——— his method of eem crops of Melons on open borders, i. 172 tion of Pine Apples, vi. 235. upon prun and managing Dwarf Standard perius and ear Trees, vii. Greens, winter, their description, qualities, and cultivation, ii. 307. Green vitriol, 2 S. iii. 43. GREENWELL, Mr., vi. 207. GREGORY, GREGORY, Esq., Model of a Block and Rafter for temporary glass-houses exhi- bited by him, vi. 545. GrEGsoN, Mr. Taan iv. 319. renati v. 102. GRENVILLE, Lord, 2 S. 1. e Lady, 2 S. ii. Gerais, Sir Tick. AS, "a " Preliminary Ob- servations." GREVILLE, Right Hon. ire i. Preface, 833; i. 276, 284, 286, 292. Mr. CHARLES, i. 270, 285, 286, 325. Mr., ii. 164 ; vi. 474. Hon. CHARLES, vi. Fee 488 ; vii. 532. i. Hon. Romer Funk, n notice of a citron sent by him emm Society, iv. 417. ] Grevillea se og MA Ad Grewia affinis, v vi. 265, 266. INDEX. GRIFFIN, WirLrAM, Esq., iv. 422 ; v. 69, 361, 363. his mode of culti- vating Lilium japonicum, iv. 5 h 54. ybrid variety of 363. Amaryllis raised by, v. 361, ———— Mr. Wim, apples exhibited by, iii. 313; on the management of grapes in vineries, iv. 98. Griffinia kyacnthine vii. 73. GRIFFITH, Joun Wynne, Esq., notice of abun- dant produce of pears fro from recent grafts on old trees in his garden, 2 S. ii. 111. GRIMWOOD, Messrs., i, 290, Griottiers, 2 S. i. 2 GRONOVIUS, iii. 110. Groom, Mr. Henry, 2 S. i. 384, 542; upona method of obtaining late flowers of Ranun- culuses, vii. 394. Grosvenor, Earl, vii. 285. Growth of plants, rate of, at different periods of the day, 2 S. iii. 103; 2 S. iii. 247. Grub, onion, jede of, vii. 93. Guanajuata, M" hri aaas 2 S. ii. 117. Guando, 2 S. iii. 151. Guano, 2 $. iii. x 48, 50, 51, 91, 99. Guatemala, Dei ‘collected i in, 2 S. iii. 146. Guatteria rufa, vi Guava, iv. 315; v. 83, 86; 2 S. ii. 241, 243. apple-shaped, v. 86. — — — Chinese, v. 80. Marmalade, v. 86. —— —— Pear-shaped, v. 86. Wild (of iiie Leone), v v. Guernsey Lily, culture of, iii. 309, alla iv. 176 ; vi. 259. effects of high temperature on, i. 460. Fido 2 S. i. e Gul Ibrisim, vi. Gum cistus, 2 s ii. i. 242, 272. Gunter, RonEnT, Esq., account of the effects of steam as a means of bottom-heat for pine- apple plants, iv. Hx vi. 151. Gurpon, Mrs., v. GurLEY, Mr., v. ME Gustavia s ciosa, 2 S. ii. 161. Gwyprn, Lord, iv. 286. Gyas florida,i. 299. verecunda, i. 299. Gymnogramma peruviana, iii. 341. Gynandropsis pulchella, vii. 65. Gypsum, 2 S. iii. 41, 48, 50, 51, 73, 95, 96, 97, 98. Gyr yrotheca tinctoria, i i 921. H. Habenaria bifolia, i Habit of apn: inverting of the, iv. 178. Habranthus co x iF À ig 18. Hablitzia —— 2 S. i — nolo a relies 2 S. iii. ati Earl of, vii. 195, 196. Hemadictyon venosum, Le Hemanthus toxicarius, 2 Si 21. nt of a p resa storms, destructive, 2 x ii. 143. in August, 2 S. i n July, 2 S. i. 185, iir. Habes acicularis, 2 S. ii. "piti ips 2 S. ii. i 249. 9. m JOE Halleria cassie 2 S. ii. A Halesia diptera, 2 S. ii. 261. HarrETT, Rogert, Esq. iv. 487; v. 278. on the "cultivation of the American cranberry, iv. 483. Hamelia patens, 2 S. ii. 241, 257. HAMILTON, —_ Fe Hamwonp, James, Esq., Melon sent by him to the Siea iv. ga HANBURY, o , Esq. ., iv. 246, 411; v. 493; vi. 165, Vlr yii. 98. Hand of Mary Ce i vi. 46. Hand tree, 2 S. iii. Harpenpont, M., v. , 410. HARDWICKE, Earl vie vi. 110; vii. 184, 188. Hare, - Lops iv. 524, ccount of an ba cum plant of "the Kg Yid ede de Meaux, with Phy- siological Nets ii. 241. e advantages of blanching Garden Rhubarb for culinary — —— Mt, vii. 190. Harewoop, Lord, ~ 100. —— — Earl o purposes, ii. 258. 3 Apples exhibited by, iii. 316. Mr., vii. 1 f, vi. 365. Haricot, Noir de Belge, 2 S. iii. 59. Harris, HOMAS, Esq., 2 S. ii. 459, 460. Harrison, ARNOLD, 4, 2 S. 1. 44. ———— . CHARLES, some observations on the treatment of Pear-trees, iii. 146. mode of treating Fruit-trees practised by him, iii. 37. INDEX. Harrison, Mr. Cuanrzs, account of the pro- duce of the Peach-trees in the Garden at Wortley Hall, iv. 79 Seedling Grape ex- "hibited by him, iv. 516. plan for obtaining a second crop of Melons, vi. 406. on blackening Gar- den walls, vi. rs H, upon an uro m mode of raising héithy Ann - 2S: 1. 75. application of Tobacco liquor for the daria of insects, vi. 532. on the cultivation of Camellias in an open border, vii. $ ——— ——— Rücnanp, Esq., Wi, 178, 179, 378. W., Esq., Rio Janeiro, 2 S. i. 45. WILLIAM, Esq., Cheshunt, 2 S. i 943 ; 2 S. ii. 257, 270. HARTING, 2 S. iii. 108. Hartwec, Mr. THEODOR, 409, 508. js il. 2 S. ii. 259, 378, I aecount of his mission, 2 S. ii. 377. ————— notes of a visit to Mexico, Guatemala, and mardi Ame- rica, 1836 to 1843, in search of plants and -oa for the Horticultural Society, 2 S. iii. —— Plants collected by, 2 S. ii. 400; 2 S. iii. 125. egia purpurea, 2 S. iii. 116 Hanvzy, ajor JAMES, 5 Hasserquist, vi. 48. pex in. 234. ; Mr. meeting for the establish- ment of the Society held at his house, i. Preface. Hatun condenado, 2 S. iii. 152. Hausmann, i ii. 162 ; iii. 60. WKESWORTH, iv. 489. Hawnaxs, » ABRAHAM, Esq., ii. 119. his observations on D Eus which endure the open air in Devonshire, i. 175, 242. Ei pee re RENE IR — onraising Oranges and Lemons from pare ii. ctm ment of the Gnidia iiia Ak aiii relative to | the ee - the American Aloe, iv. 389. Been e CHRISTOPHER, account of two | Esq., Apples TE a Wide Potato cultivated in : ] 14. E — Sir Jon, i Pd Hawkins, Jonn, Esq., i. Preface. ———— Dr, 9-8: 1.95. Mr., i. 223. WORTH, pba Harpy, Esq., i. 263, 351; vil. 23, 426, 435, 440, 442, 445, 446, 448, 449, 450, 452, 451, 464, 461, 416; 2 S. ii 459. Haw on the cul- tivation of Crocuses and their M i. 122. Hawthorn, 2 S. ii. 228, 243, 250, 255, 2 Hay, Mr. JAMES, his mode of obtaining an early crop of Grapes in the Pine Stove, iv. 415—and of forcing Gooseberries and Cur- rants, 2 pees Fe N, description, with plans, of a hot-wall, vii. 218; vi. 523, 525. HAYTHORN, Mr. Lie vi. 470. description of stoves for the growth of melons and cucumbers, 505. vi. | Haywarp, Mr. JosEPH, his observations on a mode of training vines, i account of a steam- apparatus, iv. 434. Heat, excessive — the night, ill effects of, in for cing-houses, ii. 130. —— damp, causes elongation rather than growth, ii. 135. excessive, notice of a method of protect- ing young vegetables from its effects, iv. 51. m steam, effect of, i sie 408. of “the sun’s rays, Vi and moisture, their effects on vegetation at different periods of the year, vi. 432. Heating, economical plan for, 1 m. 121. y means of hot-water, vil. S vii. 568; 2 S. ii. 864. by steam, iv. 56. plans of, figured, 2 S. i. 197. by fire and steam joint y. vi. 440. Hearncore, Henry, Esq., si Heaven, WILLIAM, Esq., v. S. ii. 225, 226, 243, 258, 210, 211, 214. remarks on cross-breeding, iv. 27, 28. application of manure-water to, wn. 183. ‘ (Erica australis), experiment with, Mida ch socarpa, vi. 42, 43. Hedges, Holly, account of some remarkable ones in Scotland, vii. 194. Hepeces, Mr. WILLIAM, his method of culti- vating the Lobelia fulgens, ii. 396. — t of experi- ments on the production of blue instead of red flowers on the Hydrangea hortensis, INDEX. with some notes on the propagation and ma- nagement of the plants, iii. 173. Hedgehogs, Crocine, i. 130. Hedychium, on the cultivation of its species and varieties in a stove, vi. vi. 449. Heliconia Bila, i 1.218 — — —— psittacorum, i. 272. Heliotrope, Peruvian, vii. 26. Heliotropium peruvianum, vii. 40,j Helix hortensis, ii Helixyra flava, i. 305. Hellenia abnormis, vi i. 60. ughas, i. 281. Hemerocallis alba, i. 335. Hemionitis jum a iii. c ^u —— — rufa, Hem plants of, aa the butterfly from cabbag e-plants, iv. 569. HEMPEL, EORGE CHARLES Lewis, ii. 263, 265, 269, 382. trans- lation of his tract on improving fruit trees, ii. App. 1. his ac- a of the effects of ringing the bark, iv. 7 Henpverson, Dr., 2 S. i. 534, "s 2 S. ni. 35. — — — Mr. ANnnEw, vi. 1 — Mr. JoHN ANDREW, 3 S. i. 530, 534, 540. — —— —— Mr, gardener to C. Foster, 2 S. i. 546. —— — Mr. Wa rer, account of a mode of managing peach trees, in an early peach- house, vii. 209. Herm. Mr., Zacatecas, 2 S. ii. 391. vi HERBERT, Mr. Jonn, vi. 309. — Hon. HrNow, M., 2 S. i HENRY IV., daffodils pesce at Paris in his time, 1 HENSLOW, Rev. Professor, 2 S. ii. 227, 231, on. and Rev. WILLIAM, iii. 141, a iv. 260, 367, 369, 422, 423, 500, 502 ; 293, 337, 338, 391; vi. 81, 89; vii. 75; 28 i. 530 ; 2 S. ii. 32, 38, 221, 236, 258, 266, 268, 981, 289, 461. inform tion collected by him peni the adea Ribston Pippin tree, iii. 141. instruc- tions for the treatment of the Amaryllis longifolia, as a hardy nace. es some observations on the uction of Hybrid plants, and the Fes ien of the b * of the genera Crinum and Amaryllis, iii. 187. notice of the flues in his hot-houses, iii. 255. the production of Hybrid vegetables, with the many experiments made in the in- vestigation of the subject, iv. 15. on the culture of the African Gladioli, and other Cape bulbs, in the open borders, iv. 153. on culture of hyacinths, iv. 163. the culture of the Guernsey Lily, and din = bulbs of the genera Nerine, Coburgia, and Bruns- vigia, iv. 176. the treatment of the Dendrobia, fs e and other parasitical plants, iv. 241. F notice certain seedling varieties of Amaryllis pre- sented by him to the ROME t v. 337. Heritiera Gmelin i 3 ctorium, i. wn HERMANN, x 91. Hermannia naval gS n XL — hirsuta, 2 8 1 271; — —— . plicata, 2.8. n. 271. Herminium Monorchis, vi. 405. Hermione ambigena, i. 361. ———— 63. ———— ii nce i. 361, 362. floribunda, i. 362. enw eer g 351. lecuoifolia, i. 859. INDEX. Hermione —— i. 358. M —— ris, i. 359. m, 4 i. 960. —— ——— teguleeflora, i. 363. Hermodactylus tuberosus, i. 304. iam i. 47, 343, 845; 28.1. 42; 28. — — —— his evidence respecting the Tube- ~ rose, i. 48. —— —— —— his account of some species of the - Dahlia, i. 84, 85. aiin sonora, vii. 391. Heron, Sir RoBERT, vi Herrior, Tuomas, his account of the Openawk lant, i. 9. Henrrorp, Marquis of, iii. 118 ; v. 206. vy, M., Director of the L den a Paris, v. 125, 128; 2 S. i. 63, 289, — ————— account of pears received from, = v. 126. . HrskeTH, Rosert, Esq., vi. 274, 279 ; vii. 65. Hesperanthus tenuifolius, 1.:.821. eo S, y, 1. 321. Hesperis irons: ii. 155. produce of oil, v. 41. Eee Tuomas Wison, Esq., vii. HewiTT, Rev. Ave ustus, 2 S. ii. 234. curie longifolia, i i. 313, 314. HussRT, Gronor, Esq. i. 262, 268, 288, T 311, 312, 315, 335; vi. 476, 477, E of : plants introduced by him, ne 361, 268, 288, 5, 335. Hibiscus esculentus, vi. 53. i cM: militaris, 25S. ii. 302. rU Roa sinensis, 2 S. ii syriacus, vii. 41; 2 S.i Hx, € CHARLES s Wirran, ip 3 “apples exhi- bited by, iii. Ms P "— of a mode pes destroying the onion grub, vii IU, DANIEL, Esq., his remarks on the utility — Oxygen in promoting vegetation, i. 203. — Dr., account of his successful application of E v gen gas to an orange tree, iv. 134. qu. Lord, plants received from, 2 S. ii. 416. E conferta, 2 S. ii. 265. Mrs., i. 299. | He Quang, vi. 485. Honsox, Capt Gxoncz, iii. 120. Hoce, Hopcsox, Tuomas, a garden labourer, pressed for a sailor, sent home wound m the siege of Carthagena, brought with his the Hymenocallis littoralis, i. 338. Hopson, Mr., vii. 438. N, Esq., vi. 410. Hog-plums, v. 90, "430, 451. Hog-plum of the. West Indies, v. 99. Hoean, Mr. Witt, v. 308. on a method of adii- ios, o Mushroom, v v. 9 A 2 S. 1. 536, 542, 543. r. Tuomas, ii. — count wf a method of Holly, 2 S. ii. 226; 243, growing early kbi pititi; 144. on the enltivation of pinks, iv. 451. Mr. Warrer, his mode of treating —— pine-apple plants, iv. 555. LDEN, RoBERT, Esq., iii. 329; apples ezhi- bited by, iii. 315. description of a screen "e protecting wall trees, iv. 93. OLFORD, CHARLES, Esq., vi. 570. s mode of fastening trees to walls, iv. 569. description ofa pine-house and pits, v. 499; plans and sections of, v. 50 Hor LAND, Right Hon. Lady,. species of Dahlias introduced by her, i. e .9T. ii. 224. ——— ANON MA 2 s. ii. 231. Horrisr, Haster, Esq., cn ii. 160. 261 eligible for "garden fences, i ii. 955. season for transplanting, ii. 357. —— berries of the, not ripe till March or SANE ii. 357. time and manner of sowing, ii. 357. Holly-hedges and trees in Scotland, Mn of some remarkable, vii. 194 Home, Sir Everarp, vi. 59. Horwrs, Mr. JosrPE, observations made by him on the growth of plants at different pe- riods of s day, 2 S. iii. 247. r. Wines, notice of a seedling vi. 35. Homeria collina, i. 307. ochroleuca, i. 308. Homoglossum pracox, i. 325. Honey-dew, beng oney-gift, 1i. Homes : ens opem iii, 102. Hoop, EAE C, 25. i. INDEX. Hookzn, Mr. STEPHEN, 2 S. i. Bp 541, 542, 546; 2 S. ii. 227, 233, ~ eig tar of a Peach sent by ees to Y iety, vi 394. WILLIAM, Eag., í: 198, 285; i ii. 62, 137, 143, 217, 279, 287, 400; iii. 5, 267, 304, 397 ; iv. 212, 316, 330, 523; v. 136, 536, 539, 548, 549 ; 2 S.i. an esae of some specimens of apples hane from Rouen, in Normandy, ii. 298. notice - a Plum ex- hibited by him, ii. 402. ccount and descrip- tion of Wilmot's New Early Orleans Plum, iii. 392. description of a mode of cultivating piratae iv. 363. ccount of Williams's Bon Chrétien, ii. 250. — Sir WiLLIAM JACKSON, iii. 339, 457 ; vi. 93, 94, 96, 262, 264, x sa 279, 281, 283; vii. 245, 498 ; 28. i Hop, observations on its rate w^ uh at dif- ur = day, 2 S. iii. 247. Horr, D i 361. HOPETOUN, Ea m vi. 111, 429; vii. 199. Hopetoun-House, account of Holly Hedges at, vii. 199. Horwoop, Mr., 2 S. i. 536, 543. HORNEMANN, v. 38 ; vi. 94. Horrex, Mrs., iv. 69. Horse-radish, v. 42; 2 S. iii. 62. its € i. 207 ; v. 802. as practised in Denmark, 2 S. i. 91. Horticulture, amidst national ^ domestic im- provements, had been — ————— susceptible of uec ie improve- ment, i. 7. MSc cunc n appreciated by all ranks of men, i. 41. — — — ——— observations on m ex of giving it a ieee — a Ra Horticultural Society, : peces on its objects, i. 1, 41, 122, 1577 230. Report on the ke of i» 2 S. ii i. 372 osack, Dr., account of the Seckel Pear, ii. 256; iv. 520; vi. 162. Hot air, c for, in a stove, ii. 387. Hot-beds, few of them iade in the most ad- - NANI form, i. 5. remarks on the proper construction EDI 142. Hot-beds, improved method * NM them on inclined planes of earth, i. 142. account of some e improvements in their Praes vii. 281; figured, 282. Hot-houses, observations on thosa of the Ro- mans, i. 1 — imperfectly constructed formerly, i. 149. ——— little used in sr at the begin- ning of the last century, 1. —————. future probable A of their con- struction, i. 151. angle of inclination of their roofs, diagrams of, i. 1 mode of heating, 2 S. i. 202 ; figured, 197. economical plan for heating, iii. 121. — glazing of, ui. 2 — section of Mr. Knight's curvilinear, [9 dame self-regulating ventilator for, v 502. advantages and disadvantages of curvilinear iron roo: + —— advantages of an external covering for, v1. 22. ——— on the management of their flues so as to Sn up a — equal temperature during = night, vi. —_— in the garden o of the Society, vi. 373. Hot-wall, plan of one exhibited, iv. 189. — — — description of one, vii. 218 ; plan of, vii. 220. Hot water employed as a means of heating by Anthony Bacon, Esq., in , vii. 204. ————— upon its application in heating hot- houses, vii. 568. ———— "rere Mr. Cruikshank’s, 2 S.i. 513; figured, 514 Houston, agr ARCHER, troduced Ae ens ii. 229. House-leek, vi. 313. Houston, Dr., i. 276 Howarp, Hon. FurkE GREVILLE, iv. | 560; A 899; 2 S. 1. 8, 21. — r. LUKE, vii. 100, 129. HowisoN, Dr., iv. 226, 230. Hovenia ácerba, 2 S. ii. 265. dulcis, v. 125. Hoy, Mr., i. 327; vii. 17. Hoya, on the species of, vii. 16. acuta, vil. 23. — albens, vii. 23. ——— carnosa, vii. 19. a remarkable property of, on ii. 197. INDEX. Hoya carnosa i property of attracting insects doubted, iv. 108. . in-chinensis, vii. 28. lanceolata, yii, 23, 28,.>.1 8. trinervis, vil. 26. Hupson, Mr., i. 266. HücEL, Baron, 2 S. ii. 409. plants received from, 2 S. ii. 414. Huwsorp n 5i iii. 220, 226, 351; v. 82, E ens 350; L Ol; 2 S. i. 42, 460 ; TES ~~~- citation from his Personal Narrative, respecting Fruits of the Torrid Zone, v. 82. Hume, Sir AnnanaM, Bart., ii. 279, 330; ii. App. 4; iii. 195; iv. 333, 337, 338, 341, , 948, 945, 346, 347, 421; vi. 395, 470, 412, 475 ; vii. 286. — — description of a Stove for tropical Plants in his Garden, ii., A ~ accout of a plant of . the Magnolia conspicua, iv. 59. Chinese Chrysanthe- mums introduced by, iv. 333. — —- Lady Amelia, iv. 422 ; vii. 539. Humidity i in Hot-houses, vi. 3 ~ ——-— with a change of air, beneficial effects of, vii. 414. Hamus, Woolwich, 2 S. iii, 94, 96, 97, 99. Hunná b agaghi, vi . 9T. ps Boos A. ii. 72. E e Joun, roots of the Teltow Turnip sent by him, with an account of its cultivation, vi. 113. UNT, Ema iv. 125, — —, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon, v. 206. oy Tuomas, Esq., Apple sent Ex iv. EU ult of his experi- a in ringing the bark of Fruit-trees, iv. H 2 — Mr. hg oe vii. 263. UNTER, Dr., i To Mr. Sans ahs vi. 178. s, Esq., vi E Uricane, 2 S, i ii. 151, 331, 483. ete ries, i. 155. Ben Drs i. 176. di add 439. Hyacinths, Gv by applying oxygen to their roots, 1. 234. on their culture, iv. 163. compost used for at Haarlem, iv. 163. | with, and analysis of, 2 ere iii. 56. Bouquet tendre, iv. 414, . 98, 99. Hyacinthus muscari, i. 352. ———- Proin i. App. 20. Hyalis aulica; i. 318. 1. Hybrid sare on their i s LAE iii. 187. vegetables, on their production, with the result of experiments made in the inves- tigation of the subject, iv. roductions, v. 337. divieto californicus, i i. 310, Hydrangea, 2 S. i. 465. ———— Posies vi. 488, 496; 28. i. 243, 253. iments on chang- ing the colour of its flowers, i lii. 173. to render the flowers blue, iv. 568. Hydrocharis morsus-ranz, iv. 399. Hydrophyllum virginicum, iv, 445. Hydrotenia meleagris, 2 € iii. 122. H ygrometer, a a useful appendage to the hot- de li. - necessity of ed to its indi- cations, v Saai fragrans, i i. 340. — lacera, i. 338. littoralis, i. 338. paludosa, i. 338 sessilis, i. 339 speciosa, i. 340. tubi i. 941. Hymenocharis obliqua, i, 276. Hymenotheca latifolia, i. 268. Hypericum egypticum, vii ae und ricum, vii. . 88. PEE cochin-chinense, vi. 67. Sy Lid vii. 41. ———— moi Hypocistis, vi. 46. Hide qué purum, vi. 437. T INDEX. eye Schreberi, vi. 437. squarrosum, vi. 437. E Iberis semperflorens, vii. 41. Ibidium crystalligerum, i. 292. elatum, 1 1. 291. speciosum, i. 291. spirale, i. 291. Icaco Plum (Chrysobalanus Icaco), v. 458. Ice, to render it safe, more intense frost re- quired in the LEE than in the end o winter, 2 S. ii. m plant, 4 315. & ghidé a vi. 9 Ilex, 2 S i A6 465. opaca, 2 S. ii. 261. —— y aei Folie P S. ii. 226, 243, 261. balearica, 2 S. ii. 261, 275. ii. 261. mem 2 s ii. 261. ILLIGER, iii. 60. Impatiens balsamina, i iii. 127, 406.. propagation, 2 S. i. 151. u— leafless branches of Peach-trees, ii. Inclined planes a earth, improved method of constructing hot-beds u ter. i. 142. India-rubber tree, 2 S. iii. Indian shot, 2 S. iii. 241. 2 S. iii. 129, 140. warf, iv. 53. Indivia longa, vi. 139. INGLEDEW, WiLLIAM, Esq., his description of the method of rearing seed in the In- dies, of the carrot, turnip, and radish, to € the deterioration of these vegetables, ii Mr. James, new method of destroying insects in stoves and green-houses, 2 S. ii. 183. -— 2 S. i. 545. Ink Tue 2 ru iii. Insects, hints for far the. darte of, i. 297. on some vu errors respecting their Biatris t by cold, ii. 148. y —— destruction "m . 484. on fruit trees composition for their de- — vi. 941 Insects, on the application of tobacco-liquor for their destruction, vi suggestions for their destruction, iv. 78. preparation for their destruction, vii. ~ composition for their destruction, 2 S. receipt for a wash for their destruction on fruit trees, iv. 143. account of a lime-duster for their de- struction on fruit trees, vi. 124. on one (Tortrix Wesberana) occasion- ally very sei to fruit trees, ii. nof, ina hot-house, lii. i. 987. on two p injurious to the pear tree, : E il. ear pu composition for their de- < 151. striction, ii on pine-apple plants, vii. 415. in stoves and QU new method of destroying them, 2 S. ii. 183. car telarius, i. 297. MuR pire one ems Apple fici i vi. 547. - erican Blight, mode of destroying, iii. meen expeditious mode of destroying, iii. 359. ——— Aphis, ii. 133; iii. 289. i lanigera, ii. 162; figured, 2. ; ili. 62. experiments for its note on, by Dr. W. E. destruction, iii. 54. Leach, iii. 60. mode of destroying, iii. 361. PI. mali, ii. 162. aphides, i. 297. apple-tree valle 162. Brown Turtle, hint fot its destruction, i. 297. bug on pine-apple plants, vi. 117. sic ane Modi Mf. déstroying them; vii. 403. caterpillar, im, als ii. wes ——— Coecüs adonidum, i. xvi hesperidium, i. 297. laricis, iii. 170. hints for the destruction of, i. 297. Cynips rose, ii. 242. Gooseberry Caterpillar, iv. 568. ttacks of, on various trees and pM Baw the Ribes species, ii. 150. INDEX. Insects, perit Caterpillar, mode of de- d, i ooseberry Moth, ii. 149. Green Fly, iii. 289; vi. 589; 28. ik 3. — Gru 149. Lineimon ii. 151. Mealy, i. "— infests the larch, iii. Bug, iii. 289 ; vii. 415. Noctua brassica i ii. .33. Papilio brassice, ii. 149. —— Phalena bombyx chrysorrheea, ii. 148. brumata, on the destruction of its moths and caterpillars, iv. 135. io geometra grossululariata, ii. Tortri rtrix Woeberana, ii. 30. der 3. ri, 2 S. ii. ^ eberana, ii. 30. am os Spider i. 291; ii. 133, 222 ; iii. 289 ; v. 240; vii. 416; 2 S. ii. 29, 1 183. suggestion of means for its aon i iv. 78. means of uc it in geen frames, 2 S. ii. 126, 1 le, on pine-apple rien vi. 117. 7— — Scaly, iii. 289. oue TÉ eg c on the mode of de- coo ilie rips, in à melon-frames means of de- Salar them, 2 S. ii. 1 nea Clerckella, 2 Sii x 104. — —— Tipula oleracea, ii. 149. — —— Tortrix ornatana, ii. "30. =~ Weberana, ii. 25. wasps prefer the ern exudations of the Hoya carnosa to fruits, ii. 1 256 preservation of fruits from, iii on the means of destroying, iv. icu d the night, appellation of the Tube- rose, i Mura 2 S. iii. 3. Tonopsis ito vi. 282. Tpomeea coccinea, vi ~—— longifolia, 2 S. iii. 118. —— paniculata, vi. 79. — —— purpurea, vi. 55. ——— tuberosa, description of i. figured, ib. its mode of culture and ma- Seer iege i. 185. 7——- villosa, vi. 55. — —— insignis, vii. 392. lxi guis, 184 ; — Tpomeea Jalapa, vii. Ipswich Hordeultural Society 2 S. 1. 332. Iridium crystalligerum, i. 292. Irible, vii. 130. ——— biflora; i. 303. —— chinensis, i. 303. Fergie i. 307. matica major, i. 302. English iii. 413, 414. — — fimbriata, i. 30 fragrans, i. 303. glauca, i. 302. — juncea, i. 305 ; iii. 414. latifolia major, i. 303. —— lusitani nica, i. 303 ; iii. 414. major latifolia, i. 302. martinicensis, i. 908. —— microptera, i. 304. morzeoides, i i. 307. —— pallida, i. 302. — — sambucina, i. 302. — scorpioides, i. 303. sordida, i i 308. — — tuberosa, i. 304. reyr instructions for raising varie- ties of, iii. 4 Ismene crinifolia, i. Isochilus linearis, 2 S. iii. 116. IsnAEL, Sorowox, notice d melons raised by him, iii. 115, 116. Ivy, 28.1. 456 ; 9 S. ii. 225, 226. cu Back; Yi 42 — — White, vi. 42 — — Yellow-berried, vi Iwara Mamady of the Telingas, v. 119. Ixias, Cape d 2 S. ii. 243. ——— lancea, i. 318. ongiflora, i. 318 ; iv. 154. INDEX, Ixia longifolia, i. 314. — maculata, 7, i. 320. —— miniata, iv, 19. —— n usi de i, 320; iv. 19, —— pulchra, i. 320. ——— squalida, iv. 19. M thyrsiflora, i i. 312. —— Xiphidium, i. 327. Ixora barbata, vi. 78. —— rosea, vii. 49. — — undulata, vii. 50. Ji Jaborosa integrifolia, 2 wi ji. qv Jacaranda irpo 90, Jack Fruit, v. 108. — Mr. Jony, m the utility of yeast n bark-beds, 2 S. i. disque Baron, sie P a sweet variety of the common barberry, iv. 407. plants received from, 2 S. ii. 410, 413, xr Jacuacanga, vi. T pn alios in, by Mr. Hartweg, 162 Jambolifera pedunculata, vi. 69. Jambon des Jardiniers, vi, 580. Jambosa domestica, *. 344. — mare, Y. lll. James, Mr., Lambeth Marsh, iii, 374. — FRONS, his mode of growing onions, iv JAMIESON, Capt. i i, 544, p M, Fd. NUN from, 2 S. ii. — description and cultivation of, i. pp. 1 — ————— ingenious method of preparin the seeds for sowing, i. App. 14. " Jambu, v. 110. ayer-mawar, v. 111. Jardin des Plantes, manner in which Alpine plants were cultivated there, i. App. 25. Jarvis, Mr., 2 S. i. 544, 54 Jasmine, 2 S. lii. fie Jasminum fruticans, 2 S. ii. 243, a ———— grandiflorum, 2 S, iii. — — heterophyllum, 2 S. ii. 205. — — —— humile, 2 S. ii. 275, ~ officinale, 2 S. ii. 243, 275. revolutum, vii. 37 ; 2 s es 244, 265. ———— Wallichianum, 2 Si 265. Jatropha Manihot, 2 S. iii. 149. JEEvES, Mr. STEPHEN, i iii, 825. account ofa dou of wing mushrooms uie lass, 12. rir olio of Mi bottle gourds exhibited by him, iv. P n a method of training gooseberry trees, iv. 194. Jerrery, Jonn, Esq., iii. 102; vi. 566. — Mr. , V. App. i.; 2 S. i. 283. JENKINS, iai: THOMAS, i iv. 368; vi. 474. — ————— and GWYTHER, i. 210, 276, 286. EDU Hon. ROBERT, 51. —— — RoBERT Hansy, Esq., vi. 336. JENNER, Sir HERBERT, 2 S. i. 535. Jennines, Mr. Jonn, 2 S. ii. 456. Jerusalem artichoke, observations on its rate ose at different periods of the day, 2 Jessop, Mr., 2 y i 527, 528. Job’s Tears, 2 243. TP i 123; i iii, 108, 112, 234; iv. 501, 2 ———— Mr. Georer WinLraM, account of the effect produced on vegetables by the — of small quantities of salt in the vi. 541 Soma "Sir aud) i. 175 ; v, 240. Mr. J., 2 S, ii. 357. vll. ———— Sir LLIAM, i211; y. 118. Jonquils, ai of a disease to whieh they are 3 liable, i. oa ' E OSEPHINE, Empress, vi. 47 Jupp, Mr, vii. 190; 28. i. —— Mr. Daven, on the. ot E of aspa- ragus, ii. on the cultivation of celery, iii. 45. : on a method of forcing rhubarb, iii. 143. i Zt apples sent by, iii. PP b Lender M improv a , method of planting vines for bases iv. 4. on the cultivation of horse- pem iv. 302. INDEX. Jupp, Mr. Danet, on transplanting peas for early crops, v. 436. observations on the shrivel- ing of NM and the means of preventing vi. 3 a ans, vi. 498. —— derivation of the name, i. 154. cathartica, vi. 499. fraxinifolia, v vi. 495 ; 2 S. ii. 279. nigra, vi. E 2 S. iii. 124. Jujube, v. 117, 123; vi. 37. Juneus maritimus, i. '265. em, vi — — its manner of growth on the Pyrenees, 18. i. App. airera chinensis, 2 S. ii. 244, 253. ~~ Lycia, 2 S. ii. 244, 216. mexicana, 2 S. iii. 185. oxycedrus, 2 S. ii. 276. —— porn 2 R ii. 244, 276. wi recurva, 2 S. ii. 244, 265. JUSSIEU, i. "963 ; y. 445; vi. 210. Justicia inzequalis, 2 S. uL 136. ee 2 S. iii. 136. nervosa, vi. 4. Gaihrses: 4 2 S. iii. 136. K. Kxwrrzn, iii. 302, 304, 448 ; iv. 322, 552; v. 124, 125; vi. 468, 486, 487 ; vii. 529, 532, 560, 562 Kemperin. Galanga, i. 286. i — longa, i. 286. 7 — plantaginifolia, i. 286. 1 ——- rotunda, i. | Kaki, ‘On Kineri, and Lone v. 124. Kale, Brown, ii. 912 ; - Gir Met for dressing, u. 312, —— Buda, ii. 317; v. 24. experiment with, iv. 570. blanc in the manner of Sea Kale, vi. 112. — Curled, ii. 313. — Jerusalem, i ii. 316; v. 24. —— Manchester, ii. 317. Ixiii Kale, Prussian, ii. 317. —— Rabi, ii. 31 : 2L —— Ragged Jack, ii. 316; v. 24. —— Russian, i li. 317. Scotch, ii. 310, 318 ; v. 10; 2 S. iii. 60. —— Woburn p v. 297. KAMEL, i. aJ 21. Kang-Hi, v. 123. Kasia of each. vi. Keens, Mr. Mich v. Eu. vi. 155, 201. unt j^ a seedling strawberry, called the eril 1 01. on the coltivation of strawberries in the kid ges, ii. 390. otice of strawberries exhibited by him, iv. 205; v. 260, 261. Kef Marjam, v. 46 KART Peter, Esq., iv. 209. on the preservation of 390. fruit from "er. TEL KENNARD, v. 505. KENNEDY. dox pies: iii. 328. Keniya bimaculata, 2 S. ii. 249. — monophylla, 2 S. i rà Mr., fruit trees receive from, 2 S. i. 415. Kir Duke of, iii. 207 ; vi. 160. Mr, iv. 73, 288; v. 393; vi. 95. gary? Way, Esq., ii. 387 ; : ti 260; account of some im- provements in the construction of a stove for plants by which bottom heat is im- jus to their roots without the use of tan, ecount of the ma- nagement of aquatic planta, with descriptions of several species cultivated in England, iii. 24. the man ep of a stove for tropical lium without of tan, iii. 287. Ker, —, i. 316, 339, 346, 359, 364 ; iii. 189, 193; iv. 339, 422, 500, 551 ; vi. 82, 271, fola vii. 180, 428, 435, 438, 444, 448, 451, 459, 520. — - Henry BELLENDEN, Esq., account of a mode of P inier. the water-cress, iv. 537. Keoxis, vi. Kerr, Mr. AW iudi e mm.. du bis bo- 18. à Kiis, or Kegyis, of Theoph., vi. 33. INDEX. rp Bean, 2 S. ii ney Den or Kikku, parka names for the gey iiag iv. pi no Fanna, chrysanthemums so called by agers iv. 929, 332. Kikok | iv. 332 Kineri Kaki, v. 124. Kine or THE BErncorANs, 2 S.ii. 227, 232, 424. King of Flowers, vi. 485. Kına, Lord, ii. 206. Capt. P. P., 2 S. i. 523. TRU Esq. ;, 1v. 201. LN 2 S. i. 535. Wim, Krymont, Mr., vii. KixNour, Earl of, 2 s 230. KIRKE, Mr. Joseru, i iii. 326; iv. 513; vi. 204; 2 S. i. 227, 546. tice of a variety of nut presented by him to die Society, ii. 402. tice of the White-ear carnation exhibited » him, ii. 404. "P apples exhibited by, iii. Royal Muscadine Grape exhibited by, iii. 365. Rosa: sanne Peach, from a magae exhibited by, iv. 513. pears exhibited by, v. 266, KIRKPATRICK, Capt., i. 383 ; vii. 526. Kissing-comfits of Falstaff, i. 11. KITAIBEL, v. 33, 34. Kitapan, v. 117. Kwevett, Mr. CHarLes, 28. i. 542 ———— Mr.SAMUEL, pear exhibited by, iv. 518. Kxianr, i ELIZABETH, 2 S. i. 258. Joun, Esq., notice of a fruit of the imocarpus Longan, sent by him to the So- ciety, ii. 400. ——— r. Joseeu, i. 262, 270; ii. 96, 151; vi A71; vii. M5 547; 2 S. ii. 424. tivation of horse-radish, i. 20 — — — Tuomas Aspe’ , Esq., i. Pref. ; ii. 9, 171, 176, 333, 334; iii. 139, 140, 0, 250, 20, 25, 177, 210, 412, 9; _ vii. 191, 342, 403; 2S. i. 11, 68, 69, 153, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 257, 258, 267, 445, 446, 447, 448, 524, 527 : 9 S. n 119, 190, 156, 160, 161, 297, 433, "522. 523. his remarks relative to the objects which the Horticul- tural oer have in view, i. 1. Kxienr, Tuomas Anprew, Esq., oe em on the method of producing new and early fruits, i. 30. ad experiment in rearing the apple from the seed, i. 34. with the grape, i. 36, 37. with the peach, i. 38. — new and early varieties of the potato, i, 57. n the ad- vantages of grating walnut, Mus and chesnut trees, 1. on a method of training fruit trees, i. 79. description of a forcing-house for grapes, i. 99. his theory of the returning sap of trees, i. 109, Ans the rt construction of bum. for hot- beds, i. account of the Downton Apple, i. 145. on the ma- ` nagement of the onion, i. 157. improved method of cultivating the Alpine us Pili i. 159. her ob- fart servations respecting some new varieties of the peach, i. 165. on a new variety of the pear, i. 178. ; on the culture of potatoes, i. 187, _ remarks on a new and expeditious mode of budding, i. 194. on the best method of constructing a m i. 199. nthe cul- Giu ibo state io hot beds, jy S1 illustration of his theory of vegetation in observations on . the culture of the melon, i. 217. of account 0 some apples and pears, grafts of which were presented to the Hortoaltiseal Society, 1 226. new mpm of grafting, i. 239. some early varieties of the potato, wipe: the best method of forcing them, i. 244. INDEX. Kxicur, Tuomas AxpnEW, Esq., on the ad- vantages of employing vegetable p in a fresh state, i. 248. n facilitat- ing the emission of roots Eo layers, i. 255. on two new varieties of the grape, i. 258. coni- his mendation of S NE to prevent plants from damping off, i account of the Elton Pear, ii. 1. on the trans- plantation of blossom-buds, ii. 7. on an early variety of grape, ii. 10. ro- the, p per stock for the Moorpark Apricot i ii. a rch ing leafless branches of peach trees, ii. - 35. n the dis- ease called the Curl in the Mg: ii. 64. on the cul- ture of the mulberry, ii. 68. on the early puberty of the peach tree, ii. 70. n the pre- vention of mildew in particular T ii. 82. on the cul- ture of the shallot, ii. 97. OC PUAESMMET T, n the pro- pigion of the mulberry tree E oa n the be- a inse of planting solani which n grown late in the preceding year, ii. 15. Para E t; n the ap- plication of manure in a liquid i to plants in pots, li. ZU effects of excessive heat in forcing-houses during the night, ii. 130. — — account of two varieties of cherry, ii. 137. — account of the Acton Scot peach, ii. 140. | — the want of permanence of chara in varieties of fut pue propagated by grafts and buds, on the mee of propagation of the Lyco rdon cancella- tum, a -— of fungus ak destroys the fe and branches of the pear tree, n Ixv Knicut, Tuomas ANDREW, Esq., on the pre- servation of fruits during the winter and spring, ii. 193. on the ef- fects of different kinds of stocks in grafting, ii. account of three varieties of cherries, ii. 208. account of three new varieties of peaches, ii. 215. on the cul- ture of the peach and apricot on espalier trees, ii. 219. on the ven- tilation of forcing-houses, ii. 224. upon the advantages of ps pagating P the roots of old ungrafted fruit trees, 11. TL of preserving broccoli in winter, ii. 304... on Mr. Brown's steam apparatus, with. sug- reads for its improvement, ii. 324. on the Verdelho grape, ii. 327. ME IE I estions for the improvement of Sir George Stuart Mackenzie’s plan. for forcing-houses (curvi- linear), ii. 350. i the upon er mode of pruning the peach tree in ee and late situations, 11. 364. on the proper management of Pati trees in- tended for early forcing, ii. 368. e of po- tatoes sent by him to the Society, y "datz bution, ii. an account the ill | of a peach tree produced from the seed of the almond tree, with some observations on the origin of the peach tree, iii. ^. n the best mode of pruning and training. the po tree, when trained to a wall, in a cold cli- mate, iii upon the riations of the red currant (Ribes E when propagated by seed, iii. 86. upon the ro gation of varieties. of of the walnut tree b dus RE E ak ig ts pots, iii. i 154. erie yee INDEX. Kyreut, Tuomas Anprew, Esq., upon the | preservation of fruits from wasps, in. 7556. — upon the variations of the vu Pina when propagated by seeds, iii. description and account of a new early black cherry, iii. 211. description of a new seedling plum, iii. 214. on training the fig tree, iii. 307. the perior healthfulness of scions € from the trunks of apple trees, iii. 387. zT Kwianr, Tuomas ANDREW, Esq. account of an improved method of dr] early pota- toes in the open ground, iv. on graftin the vine, iv. 495. Eu. specimens of pears sent by, iv. 521. on the cul- tivation of the pine apple, iv. 543. on Mr. Turner’s paper on the accidental in- termixture of character in certain fruits, v. 67. on the cultivation of the pine pies y. 142. ice of a upon the most advantageous form of = pots, iii. 389. culture of the Guernsey lily, iii. sio. u the effects of very high temperature ái some species of plants, iii. 459. the means of giving strength to ihe sli of plants growing under glass, iv. 1. upon the culture of the cs apple, without bark, or other hot-bed, i n the most economical men of iipit fuel in bane the flues of forcing-houses, iv. 156. cal observations upon the effects Pun pal decortication, or ringing the stems or branches of fruit Pers 156. further par- bro of the Downton strawberry, iv. upon the culture of the fig tree in a stove, iv. 200. notice of a peach raised by him, its parentage consisting of a peach and a nectarine, iv. 210. on the cul- tivation of the cocks-comb, iv. 321. ej VMOUL YGUUILS on hybrids, iv. 367. directions for preserving buds of fruit trees in a ve- geta ting do when sent to considerable tan 3. E. aa a 3 mum ing and training the plum tree, iv. 426. the : upon — of fruit trees in pots, iv. 439. new variety of Ulmus TES dtd a successful method of grafting slender scions of trees, v. 146 — description of a melon and pine pit, v. 223. upon the advantages and disadvantages of curvilinear iron roofs to hot- houses, v. 227. ne and RS method of —MÀ the me- lon, v notice of a cherry raised by, v. 262. 4? on the flat peach of China, v. 2n. account of the injurious influence of the age ec on oorpark apricot, v. account of some mule plants, v. 292. ; : account Oo an improved method of obtaining vus crops of peas, after severe winters, v A marks on the supposed toes a the pollen, in cross breeding, umm the colour of the seed-coats of plants and the quality of their fruits, v. 377. account of the Downton Imperatrice plum, v. 381. Hang UVS upon the effects of age upon fruit trees of different kinds ; with an account of some new varieties of nectarines, v. 984. the pre- ration of strawberry plants for eariy fte fke- lus v 129. yP on the pro- tection of the blossoms of wall trees, v. 505. on the cul- tivation of strawberries, vi. 101. INDEX. Kyicut, Tuomas Anprew, Esq. upon the beneficial effects of protecting the stems of it trees in early spring, vi. mb ount of a method of obtaining very early si of the grape and fig, vi. 233. on the cul- ture of strawberries, vi. 255. n the cul- tivation of the Amaryllis sarniensis or Guern- sey lily, vi. 259. on the trans- plantation of plants with spindle-shaped roots, vi. 370. specimens of nectarines sent by him to the Society, vi 394, 395. notice of a variety of pear from China, vi. 3 account of some new seedling pears, vi. 446. ati KNIGHT, Tuomas ANDREW, Esq., on the po- ..09. tato, 2 S. i arks on . the qualities of seedling pears i by him, S. 1. 103. NS : account of the striped Hoosainee melon, 2. s. i. 137. the means of prolonging the Pare of valuable varieties of fruits, 2 S. i upon graft- n the be- ing the walnut tree, 2 S. i. 214. neficial effects of the RET. “of sap in annual plants, 2 23. on the ad- vantages of irrigating garden grounds by means of tanks or ponds, 2 S. i. Sate n the cul- tivation of the Hautbois EIOS 2 S. i. 399. on the cul- on the qualities of newly raised init exem- plified in plums, vi. 529. notice of the Siberian bitter-sweet apple, vi. 547. ture of the potato, vii. 405. of a new variety of plum, 2 S. i. 53. IOS a upon the culture of celery, vii. 43. ——————— upon the culture of the Prunus pseudo- agp vii. 180. suggestions respecting the. eulture of the Mango and Cherimoyer, vii. 254. an account of some imprasenepis in the construction of hot-beds, vi on the cul- on the cul- tivation of the pine-apple, vii. 409. ogre changes of the climate AFEn gland, on the de- pea of the aye and finer varieties of ersian melons, vii account of an economical mode .of quang very early crops of new potatoes, 2 S. i. 35. an account account of a method of hinting very early crops of green peas, 2 S. i upon h cultivation of the Persian varieties of melon, 2S. i..85. lxvii ture of the potato, 2 S. i. 415. upon . the causes of the diseases and ee of the leaves of the peach tree, 2 S. ii. 2 the causes of the premature death of Se of the branches of ‘the Moorpark apricot and some other wall fruit trees, 2 S. ii. 34. employed in epis a tree of the Imperatrice nectarine, 2 S. i n se- veral new varieties of fruits ST by him from seed, 2 S. ii. 62. wo spe- cies of inseets which N found m nd to the pear tree, 2 S. ii. ee a upon the supposed absorbent powers of the cellular ints or spongioles of i roots of trees and other plants, 2 S. ii, 117 note on the Althorp Crassane pear, 2 S. ii. 120.. c of rii ds the red spider in melon frames, 2 S. ii. 126. on the cul- tivation of figs, 2 S. ii. 165. culture of the strawberry, 2 S. ii. 175. he pre- rn OR t servation of the e. Age of E and S. i nectarine trees, 2 — m upon the economical use of melon frames, Jr ii. 185. INDEX. Kxronr, Tuomas Anprew, Esq., on the pro- pagation of trees by cuttings in summer, 2 S. ii. 216. —— — —— Mr. of Lee Castle, v. 80, 124. Knol-kohl, v. 18. Knoll. sellerie, i im. 71; vi. Knoop, iv. 276, 277, 5182 ^ s. i. 291. Knorr, r Jonw, vi. 8. KNOWLTON, Mr. Tuomas, i. 103, 277. i . 60. Kokhumelea, ii iii. App. 26. KOLREUTER, v. 339. ccm paniculata, vi. 48, 495; 28S. ii. 253. Kobe’ i. 271; vi. 68. i. 49. 2 Kowaingutukaka, 9 S. i. 520. Keaj6 me Diosc., v. 4. Koórov, Kon, vi. 283, 290;" vii. 51, 2797 2S. ii. Kuzeigos, Diosc., vi. 51. Kyanized umm dolis upon the effects of, 2 S. ii. 515. K ychonophane, a Japanese name for the chrys- anthemum, according to Breynius, iv. 329. Ky-lan-tsay, 2 S. iii. 245. L. Labels for lants, notice of the advantage $3. E ian ink in writing them, ii. Lannampibns, i iv. 58. UCHERE, PETER CÆSAR, ake 400 ; 2 S. 1. 534, 540. E Lactuca quercina, vi. 581. G Mr. vii. 2 i 2 S. ii. 244, 265. 8. i. 581 mre A noire, vi. 574. — — i.. Laas vi. t pn lxviii Lamarck, v. 8, 22, 26, 32, 40; vi. 96, 268, 277; vii. 425, 446. LAMBERT, AYLMER Bourke, Esq. i. 11, e gure mM: HSTV 250, 251, 252, 253; OF} 72, 18, 19172 S509: fruit of Trapa natans, exhibited by, iv. 563. account of a method of preserving nuts, vi. 546 Lamb's uiis (Chenopodium album), iv. 489. Lamourouxia longiflora, 2 S. iii. 120. — multifida, 2 S. ii. 120. ——_—_——— virgata, 2 S. iii. 154. Lancr, JOHN Me usd Esq. 2 S. ii. 100, 103. count of the discovery and subsequent management of the Oncidium Lanceanum in its native coun- try, 2 S. ii. 102. from, 2 S. ii. 419. Lance's carbon, 2 S. iii. 96, 99. LaNGELIER, Mr. PETER, vii. 175, 177, 178. r. ÉD fruit trees received plants received from, 2 S. ii LANGLEY, iii. ens 2 S. i. 70. Lanseh, v. 110. Tous domesticum, v. 110. Lantana fucata, vi 3. Lapeyrousia j juncea, i . 923. Lapis specularis, or Tale, used by the Romans for glazing their windows, i. 148. LESTE, Abbé, iii. 180. Larch, i. App. 17; 2 S. ii. 263. — —— notes on five kinds of, iv. 416. Red, iv. 416. ——— Russian; iv . 41 Mila on from the Tyrol, iv. 416. Larix sibirica, iv. Larkins, Capt., vi. i 325. Lathyrus tuberosus, observations on its tubers, with instructions for the cultivation of the plant, ii. LATREILLE, iii. 60. Latti Am, v. 118 LAUDERDALE, Kid of, v. 164. LAUNZAN, v. cow a small cherry of the Romans so called, 2 S. ii. 238, 242, 276, Pant 2 S. 1. 465 ; MT its introduction, i. 23. when introduced, i 28. lex — xa vi. 48. Portugal, 28i ii. 238, 242, 275, 277. * INDEX. LaunENT, Rev. gi _ Laurus aggregata, vi. Camphora, 2 ud ii. 259. m vi. 65. [yrr i. 66. nobilis, P s ii. 226, 244, 277. Persea, iii. 463; v. 96. Laurustinus, 2 S. ii. 226, 237, 245, 276. Lavandula dentata, vii. e 3 = ji. ES LAvVATER, Mr, ^ $i il. ier 380, 385. plant received from, 2 S. ii. 419. Lavender, 2 S. iii. w, Mr. corem on a method of forcing cherries, 2 S. i. 101. e experiment on, with fertilizing agents, LAWRENCE, me iii. 100, 101 ; iv. 303. E Mrs, 28.1 540, 541, 543. — Rev. . Mr, i iv. 482. Lawson, Sir WILFRED, i. 278, 284. Lay, G. TnApESCANT, Esq., calendar of the weather, natural history, and m opera- tions at Foo-chow-foo, 2 S. iii. 237. Layarp, Dr., ii. 162. Laycock, Mr. JONATHAN, ii. 9 yering, emission of roots facilitated by ring- ing, iv. Layers, method of es the emission of roots Be i£ 258257 ., on ‘the Eriosoma, i iii. 60. DER, WiLLIAM, Esq., v. 220. Leat-buds, how removed ‘i the French, i. Pp. 9, 7. Leaves, privation of, prevents the formation of bulbs, i. 325. SI of peus their vegetable process and i. 220. CO the melon, their mode of growth, — — and fruit, connexion between, ii. 184. e their functions, v v. "a the first organs which fail to perform E functions in the case of aged trees, 415 Vistas a 46, 47. stadiis vii. 562 UTEUR, vi. ev vii. 175, 178. Ixix Le Coureur, apple sent by, iv. 525. LEDEBOUR, Dr., plants received from, 2 S. ii. 410, 412. Lex, Miss, i. 300. Mr., ii. 162, 285; iii, 231, 285, 444; iv. ll, 286, 289, 292, 298, 340, 461, 464, 472, 502; vii. 527, 536, 561; 28S. ii. 31. ; notice of strawberries exhibited by, iv. Mr. JAMES, vi. 156, 165, 199, 204, 214, 551; vH. 157. —— Mr. Jonn, vii. 154; 2 S i 531, 534, 535. and Kennepy, Messrs., i. 104, 262, 265, 270, 288, 306; 1311,):315, -321, 343, ii. 41, 242; iv. 286, 337. - 968, 344; notice of the Alexander Apple, fruit impóiíted from Riga, exhibited by them, ii. 405. LEES, JOHN CAMPBELL, Esq., vi. wee received from, 2 S. ii. 419. 16. —— London Flag, 2 S. iii. 60. Perenmial Sweet, iii. 418. Proliferous, vi. 57 5. —— 2 iii. 418. LEJEUNE, M. 2 S. ii. 29. LELIEUR, iii. 218, E 227, 232, 384; iv. 2715:v..921. 531; vii. 312, 387. on = _hereditary diseases of fruit trees, i. App. 2 mopio table of peaches and nec- Lemon, iii. App. 9; iv. 20; 28. ii. 253. —_— effects of high temperature on, ii. — — — on raising from cuttings, ii. 12. management of, iv. Adam's Apple of Reggio, ii. App. 13. of Amalfi, iii. App. 10. — — Cedrate of Amalfi, iii. App. 12. — — — ——— of Florence, iii. App. 12. inted/ ot or Citronate, ————— ——-— Long-po iii. App. 12. Parmer of Rome, iii. App. 12. ane eee crepe iii. t 12. — — Cedrate, wild, iii. Biene ‘Chal halcedonian Was i. A App. 11. — Roman Adam's ii AP ET = Aem Cylindrical, iii. App. INDEX. Lemon, common Striped or Ribbed Amalfi, iii. A iii. pp. 10. Cylindrical, of Rossoli, iii. App. 10. Furrowed Ami, App. 11. Imperial, iii. App. 10. Incomparable, iii. App. 8. Gaeta, iii. 11. — Genoa ree iii. App. 12. Great Ligurian Rough-coated Wax, TE. ii. A ura, iii. App. 11. ——— Long-necked, iii. App. 10. — Ligurian Wax, iii. pose Lumy of Je "d [^ — D Wax, i iii. eggio, iii. A lo. Roman "Wax, ii App. 11. Rough-coa de Warty, i iii. EN 9. Round Floséncs, d iii. a. Genoese, iii. App. 9 Pear-shaped Lumy, ii iii. App. 13. of St. Remi, iii. App. 9. with a spine at the end of the bu iii. vu oes 3 10. Pot D of ag iii. App. 12. App. App. 10. NE with a spine to the fruit, iii. App. 10. Small Round Calabrian, iii. n 9. =- Striped, or Ribbed, iii. A Sweet Juicy Roman, i iti. pp. 10. App. 13. Valentine, i 2: — —— trees trained against walls in Devon- shire, i. 177, 243. on their management, ii. 295. hardier than orange, ii. 297. at Rome, observation respecting, iii. 43. —— —— method of grafting, so as to pro- duce dwarf os Pueri ipae a ii. 91. 3 — unt of og rw in the open air in Devenir iv. 142 —— — —— particulars of their treatment in Tuscany, vi. 543. LEMONNIER, i. App. 12 Lemon, Sir CHARLES, SBi 226, 233, 268 ; 2s iii. 35. on the growth of a fir ~ resembling the Pinaster, 2S. 1. 509. glycycarpa, v. 104. — intermedis; vi. 275. Leonotis Leonurus, 2 S. ii. 271. Leontodon Taraxacum, 2 S. i. 466. Leonurus condensatus, vi. 298. — — —— tatari ; Leopoldia MN iv. 181. atifolia, iv. 181. Leptosiphon androsacens figured, 2 S. i. 477. — —— — densiflorus, figured, 2 S. i. 477. — — — —— grandiflorus, 2 S. i. 478. Leptospermum rss 2 S. ii. 249. nigerum, 2 S. ii. 249. charts 2 S. ii. 249. ^ pings NicHoLas, a famous rhizotomist, rene, Mr. GEORGE, 2 S. ii. 227. Lespedeza capitata, vii. 251. Lertsom, Dr., iii. 280, 281; vii. 559, 562. Lettuce, 2 S. iii. 52. experiment with, in steeping the seeds, 2 Ape a Bl ed Gotte, vi. 574. — giai vi. 582. ——— Green Paris (Cos; 2 S. iii. 60. — —— ]ee, vi.575.. ——— Malta, 2 S. iii. 60. — — — Salad Cabbage, vi. 582. — ——- Spinach, vi. 581. Swedish, 2 S. i Sp 60. Union, vi. —— ——— White Paris ed 2 S. iii. 60. Le Veau, Francis, a rhizotomist, 'eulogized by Parkinson, i. 352. Lewis, puse iv. 446. — vi. 394. ——— ak Paseo vii. “a 510. Leycesteria Sene 2 S. ii. 265. Lez M., —— stri ERMES, Liabum acaule, 2 S. iii. . 156. sere ides, 2 S. iii. 156. Libraria, jhak so named by the Romans, 153. tian ae vi. 535. eet applied i. a branch p nearly same effect as ringing, iv. — € of, on a vine, 2 S RAIL Light, quantity of which falls on the foliage regulates, to a great extent, the ability of trees to ripen crops of fruit, v. 272. as regards the culture of the pine- apple, vii. 410. Licnurroor, v. 278. Li m lucidum, 2 S. ii. 244, 259. asphodelus nn minor, i. 384. Lilium concolor, : — ——— indicum, i. INDEX. Lilium japonicum, notice relative to its flower- ing, iv. — — monadelphum, i 1. 993. 33 oa. i. Lily of prim vi. 49. —— Barbadoes, vi. 313. —— of the Scripture, vi vi. 49. Lima a forma di Cuore, i lii. AM 14. lunga monstrosa, iii. App. 14. iccola dolce tondo, iii. A p. 14. ii. App. 14. Sines iii. App. 13. i. —— Small Round Sweet, BP Ap App. 14. Lime, iv. 20; 2 S. iii. 36. —— employed by the Chinese for the destruc- tion of insects, v. 53. —— advantageously applied to prevent the clubbing in cabbages, vi. 31. —— successfully cmaployed for the destruction of caterpillars, vii. 403. —— duster, for the destruction of insects on fruit trees, vi ; figured, vi. 1 —— water employed for the i diirunbin of slugs, ii. Cecchi Douglosi 2 S. i. 409. Limnocharis Humboldtii, 2 S. ii. 284. umieri, vi. 80 Limodorum altum, i. 299. ———— tuberosum, i E 299, 300. Limon rayé, iii. App. Limone d Amalfi, Hii. Ap l lu — ——— Cedro di Roma, — —— Cedrato di nii iii. App. 12. — ——- di cera Calcedonico, iii. App. 11. 10 ——— di Liguria, iii. App. 11. — vic in. app 11. daa a rosso, iii. App. 11 Copes cilindrico d'Amald solcato, iii. App. — — cilindrico di Rossoli, iii. App. 10. lxxi Limone comune listata d’ Amalfi, iii. App. 10. — — di forma cilindrica comune Romano, iii. App. 10. in forma di — "i eet 10. di Gaeta, iii. - di Genoa coud iii. sra 9. imperiale, iii. App. 10. incomparabile, iti. App. 8. di Laura, iii. A —— di Liguria anim, ii. App. 11. listato, iii. cam al lungo xia iii. ees 10. di Mela di joes iii. App. 13. Peretta, iii. App. 1 —— —— piccolo tondo di Calabria iii. App. 9. detto Pomo d'Adamo di Reggio, iii. . 18. detto Pomo d'Adamo Romano volgare, iii. App. 18. di Reggio, iii. App. 10 di Roma dolce, iii. App. 10. — —— rugoso, iii. App. 9. di San Remi, iii. A . 10. iguria tondo, iii. App. 9. di Shardoni, colla spina alla punta, iii. Ap p. 10. tondo, colla spina alla punta, iii. App. di Firenza, iii. App. 9. Limonia citrifolia, vi. 72, 73. parviflora, vi. 72, 73. Linpsay, Hon. Ropert, vi. 522. — ——— Mr. WiruiaM, 2 S. i. 535, 546. Liw&, Professor, 2 S. i. 43. LINDEGAARD, Mr. PETER, on = grapes, as practised in k, v obe cultivation of aspar during the winter 9. Levis, Mr GEORGE, vi. 160, "Als 2 S. account of some of the best varieties of apples peculiar to, or cultivated in the E: » 4 orfolk, iv. 65. ce of specimens of nuts sent by him to the Society v. 263. classification of aches and sisi n v. 525. ————À Pon m: iv. - 261, 281, 458, 464; v. 492; 397 180, 279, 436, 448, 520, "521, 531; 28. i. 137, 457, 509; 2 S. ii. 437, 438; 2'S. iii. 35. descrip tion and rim of Pas- siflora BET cd. WR iv. 261. notes on five kinds of larch, iv. . 416. | r sketch of the principal tropical . * INDEX. fruits which are likely to be worth cultivating in England for the dessert, v. 79. LixpEY, Joan, instructions for packing living plants iu foreign countries, especially within the tropics ; and directions for their treatment during the voyage to Europe, v. 192. notice of certain seedling varie- ties of Aree v. 991. report upon the new or rare pu which flowered in the Society's garden rom its first formation to March, 1824, vi. ALVI March, 1824, to March, 1825, vi. 261. observations upon the natural laws which govern the production of double flowers, arising out of a remarkable case of preternatural formation in the flowers of an Amaryllis, vi. 309. report upon the effect produced on certain plants in the Society's garden by the frost which occurred during the night of April 29th, 1826, vi. 493. aecount of ten varieties of Per- sian melons, vi. 553. report the new or rare p which — Ln t the Society's garden n 1825-6, vii. 46, 224. pen of five sorts of pears, vii. 175. n the — of orchi- ope deous qum 2S. i. sete on the growth of potatoes, 2 S. i. 153. upon the Cannon Hall Muscat grape, 2 S. i. 169. ote upon the Brabant Belle- n fleur apple, 2 S. i. 295. accou nt of experiments upon Ae cultivation of potatoes, 2 S. i. 445, : upon the genus Clianthus, 2 S. 1518, note w the Mimulus cardi- nalis, $ 8.5 98. -— dosi GaG a Dod iS 100. | wis aa upon the Cattleya guttata, 2 S. ii. 177. observations upon the effects on ong by the frost which oc- Ain gland in the wiuter of 1837-8, produced curred i 25.1.2 ii. 478. on the Chorozema varium, 2 S. on the rate of growth by plants at ug ab of the day, 2 S. i 1347. Lindleya mespiloides, 2 S. ii. 398; 2 S. iii. 123. LINNÆUS, 1. 105, 181, 263, 317, 941, 353, 357, 961; i. 150, 392; i ii. 19, 107, 109, 110, 342, 351, 354, 370, 418; iv. 981, 282, 327, 328, 329, 331, 371; v. 18, 26, 161, 310, 427, 498 ; vi. 37, 48, 70, 291, 345, 348 ; vii. 9, 16, 17, 28, 70, E 420, 491, 424, 520, 529; P S. ii. 104, 106. — —— hig encomium on Miller's Gardener's Dietionary, i i. 89. — ——— his theory respecting the sexes of plants, i. 105. — — — — his account of an action for a fraud in the sale of seeds, i. 116. his injudicious reduction of the spe- cies of Crocus, i. Linen, means by which the strength of its fibre may be increased, i. 74. oe foribundus, 2 S. iii. 158. -—————— arinifolius, 2 S. iii. 159. LM. Van, v. 109. Linum arvense, id 2. B sativum, i. 72. y sativum humilius, flore majore, i, 72. humile 1.12. — — — e flavum, 2 S... 277. 3 sativum latifolium africanum fructu majore, i. 72. sylyestre, i i. 72. — ———— tauricum, vii. 40; 2 S. ii. 277. usitatissinum, i. 72. Lixwoop, Mr. Joun, vi. 189. Liparis foliosa, vii. 68. recs REN vii. 68. Lippold, vii. 261. Liquids, expansion of, vii Liquidambar pinch tn 2 Ya iii. 130. Lithrza caustica, 2 S. ii. 284 LIVINGSTONE, EDWARD, Esq., vi. 416, 417; vii. Joun, Esq., ii. 277 ; iii. 110. ——— account of a me- thod of ripening seeds in a wet season; with some notices of the cultivation of cer- tain vegetables and plants in China, iii. 183. ———— observations on the difficulties which have existed in the trans- portation of ts from China to and a for obviating them, iii. 421. INDEX. LivinesToneE, Jony, Esq., account of the me- thod of dwarfing trees and shrubs as prac- tised by the Chinese, including their plan of propagation from branches, i iv. 224. on the state of Chinese hortieulture and agriculture, with an account of several esculent vegetables used in China, v. 49. pee Dituwyn, Esq. ., 2 S. ii. 234. ZDWARD, Esq., i sh Lovie: alpina, i. 328. Loango, v. 92. Loasa acanthifolia, vi. 95, 96. T. , 96. LObel, i. 16, Pide ü: 274; i. 848; v. 18; i. 493. Lobelia andina, 2 S. iii. 158. 0. fulgens, on its ee ii. 153. — — rupestris, 2 S. ii. —— —— Speculum, ii. vat pa, 28. ii. Locks, ‘Captain ous CHRISTOPHER, iv. — tree, or Néty of the negroes, v. 444 ; vi. ence Mr. Conran, i. 284, ce Poli GerorGE, ii. 96; 129; vi. 83; vii. 525. 531, 536, "ees 542, 541, 553. ~ method of conve ing wee to plants in fodit invented by hi description of a steam ; 0025 n. 214; iv. 293, 464, 471, 477, 478 ; vii. 67, 229, 230, 231 232, 236, 248, 526, 533, 536, 541, 548, 550, 551, 559; 2 S. i. 44, 530; 28. ii. 100, 178. 8, 424 ; 28 iii. 29. mandra longifolia, i. 265. Lomatia longifolia, 3 2 S. ii. 249. ies, ii 12. — Wai B Sir CHARLES, iv. 419. vii. 545. Longan, v. 80, eee 28 iii, 241, 243. g-yen, n. 401; Loni : Pm = num c Meri 2 S. iii. 124. Lope lineata, 2 S. iii. 124. Lopezia racemosa, Lo-quat, enbiat x ii. 299; figured, iii. 209 ; v. 80, 124. Lote tree, V v. 88. Loranthus KERT 2 S. iii. 158. Lotus, Indian, iii. 28. of Theoph. and Pliny, vi. 37. Lovpow, Jonn CLAUDIUS, Esq. ii. 353; iv. 11, 90, 92, 547; 28.1. 87, 546; 2S. ii. 351, 438. his opinion respecting the requisite strength of iron bars for a bu oer house, ii. 353. ————— N, Earl of, i iv. 457, 465. LOUGHBOROUGH, Lord, i. 275. Lovreino, i 1b 194; M. 350; iv; 032; v. 197; vi. 66, 70, 270, 271, 348, 349, 487 ; vii. 17, » 20; 21, 522, 523, 531, 566, 561. Lovage, 2 2 S. iii. 62. Love-apple, description of i its varieties, and ac- count of its cultivation, i iii. 842. Low», Mr. THOMAS, 1 iv. 506. heme Mrs., vi. 215. Lowe, Mr. GEORGE, account of the vines at Valentines House; with some practical sug- gestions for the treatment k vines, jii. 334. -a Hon 4 S. Hi. ROBERT, v. 54d. — ——- Messrs,, 2 S. 11. 224. Luffa acutangula, 2 S. iii. 239. Lucerne, 2 S. iii. 153. LuxspEN, Mr., 2 S. ii. Lupinus albifrons, 2 dh alopecuroides, 2 9 * iii. 153. arboreus, 2 S. ii. 261 arvensis, 2 S. iii. 150. bogotensis, 2 S. iii. 160. densiflorus, 2 S. i i. 10. — —— Hartwegii, 2 S. iii. 118. experiment in steeping its 2 S. iii hirsutissimus, 2 S. i. 411. interruptus, 2 S. iii. 160. 1 | S. iii. 120. lepto os, 2 S. i 411. P Hgured, 3 S. i. 409. pubescens, 2 S. iii. 154. INDEX. MS Res DE egy 2 S. iii. 150. a eii oun Luscombe, Esq., ii. 12, 119, Loss S Mr., 1n. 42; 2 S. 17629. Luzula ae i, 264. lut 264. Lycaste lips 2 S. iii. 149. Lychnis coronata, vii. 33. ycium afrum, vii. 36 ; 2 S. ii. 269. Lycoperdon cancellatum, a Hs of fun which destroys the leaves and branches of ihe pear-tree, on its mode of propagation, ii. 178. E "Seu on species of the genus, iii aceite in. 352. dentatum, iii. 352. esculentum, i iii. 944, 351. Lyeoris, iv. rie ferruginea 2 S. in. 128. ons, Mr., vii. 232. fee bifolia i i. 288. Lysiponia montioides, 2 S. iii. 156. Lysons, Mr., his mao of flues used by the 48. Romans, i L Mabocche tree, v. 91. MacanTNEY, Lord, vii. 522. MacpoxALD, Mr., iii. 67. s Gardener's Dictionary, iii. 218. MACER, EMILIUS, v. 8. NT Mr. Joun, cherry exhibited by him, iv. Mackay, M JAMES TowxsuEN», 2 S. ii. 227, 235. MACKENZIE, Sir GEORGE ee ii. 350; iii. 320; 2 S. 1.454; 2 S. ii. 158. on the form which the glass of a forcing-house ought to have in order to receive the greatest possible quantity of rays from the sun, ii. 171. - apples sent by, iii. 315, 316, 317. on the con- struction of flues of hot-houses, v. 214. Ixxiv MACKENZIE, Sir GEORGE STUART, remarks up- on the period of gathering early P vii. 94. unt of some varieties of the apple found i peace 32. n Ross-shire, vii thod of marking numbers on tallies, vii. 288. on the cul- tivation of the strawberry, vii. Be. unt of some experiments in the altilo of po- c" 2 S. ii. 158. Sir J. A. S., plant received from, 2 ET ii. 418. 2 S. ii. 461. — Mr, Macr, Mr., 2 B ii. 227, 459. Mrs., vii. 234, 462, 463, 468; 2 S. i. 229, 231, 232, 234, 235. MACLEAN, Dr. ALLAN, ‘seedling apples raised y, 2 S. ii. 108. Macleania pubifiora, 2 S. iii. 158. Mac ray, iv. ee ^» —— Bag, vi Micsidini 4 iv. erm . 494, ams vi. 111, 383, 385. Mactxop, Mr. Dantet, account of his mode of growing Cape broccoli, iv. 559. Machai, country plum, v. 90, 451. Machanter, v. 464. Mackanter, v. 451, 464. Maclura, v. 118. airinn, 2 S. ii. 244. ii. 803. Macre, iv Mappock, i se Madrofia, 2 S. iii. Magic Ring of Pomona, 1 notice of the second edition of i iv. 557. Maarnt, v. 451. Maglia, v. 250. M tv. 8. nesia, 2 S. iii. 36. Magnolia cp vi. er 2 S. ii. 262. ———— — auriculata, 2 S. ii ————- Burchell's Double Sas ii. 205. conspicua, iv. 58; 2 S. ii. 237, 253. cordata, vi. 495. Deciduous Swamp, iii. 202. — —— — Evergreen Swamp, iii. 202. -—— — — — fuscata, 2 8. 31. 258 — -—-—- glauca, 2 S. ii. 237, 262; 25. iii. 128. ——— ————— notes on, and description of its varieties, iii. 201. longifolia, iii. 203. INDEX. Magnolia glauca picti iii. 202. ———-———- Gordon’s Double acu ^ 203. ——— iiandiori: 28.1 i 261, 2 umila, 28. n. small, iii. 201. ———— Thomsoniana, vi. 495 ; 2 S. 1. 237. Mauer, Mr. fel odie 3 ni. 378, 403; Y vii. 22. his remarks on the culti- vation of sea-kale, i. 13. ints relative to the culti- vation of the early ih mg Broccoli, i. 116. n the pruning and train- de Mad adig pe and pear trees, description of a fruit-room, ii. 76. remarks on pruning goose- berry bushes, ii. pio n a remarkable property of the Hoya a ii. 197. account of a compost for pine apples, ii. 407. on the cultivation of the under-ground onion, iii. notice of a method of pro- tecting young M from the effects of excessive heat, iv. 51. n the treatmentof standard 8 AW in the fni at Arundel Castle, Aion... how grown, 'and method of dressing it, i. App. 9. Mala aurea, iii. 343. — — insana, vii. 83. Malaxis Correana, vi . 405. lihifolia, i i. 292 ; vi. 405. — € e Jossoides; vi. ein Marcorw, ea EILL, Esq., iii. ———— ‘Ms r. WiuctAM, ii. d: 291, 301; vi. 288, 289; vii. 229. iv. 286, Malinta, v. 451. Mallow, i. App. 21. Marore, Mr. sess Li tion of a mede of vd ivy afting on the Ii a of old trees, P based v. 242. Malpighia | Sy v. 98. — — —— punicifolia, v. 98. XXV gru citreum maximum multiforme, iii. p. 8. Midas Assyria, seu Medica, iii. App. 4. Mammea Africana, v. 457. Americana, iii. 463; v. 97. Mammee, v. 97. — —— —— Apple, v. 457. Sapota, v. 9T. — ————- Trees, 2 S. ni. effects of high temperature ii. 463. Mammillaria senilis, 2 S. iii. 120 Schiedeana, 2 S. iii. 123. Manga "e v. 113. Manga-utan Mangel- arii jii. 280, 281; 2 S. ni. 52. experiments with, 2 S. iii. 86, 189. Mangifera indica, v. 112. Mangkuda, v Behe Manates, Rosert, Esq., 2 S. i. 584, 545. plant received from, 2 S. i1. 418, 419. Mango, v. 112. — —— ripened in Kew Gardens, i. 151. effects of temperature on, iii. 462. — — — fruit, account of two varieties ripened in the garden of Earl Powis, vi. 550. suggestions respecting its culture, vii. 254. Alphonso, v. 118; vi. 501; Dae. 113. Dodol, v. 113. of Mazagong, v. 113. — ——— Red Powis, Taed vi. 550. appa Rawa Rawa, v. 114. Tsjeribon, v. 113. Yellow Powis, v. 118; vi. 550. Mangold-kraut, iii. 285. Mangold-wurzel, iii. a Mangustin, v. 105, 106 Mava, vi. 50. Mannine, WiLLIAM, Esq., i. and MARSHALL, M TS ——— —— — MANSFIELD, Earl of, v. 495; vi.170; 25. iii. 33. Manure, uod ri Eau of, detrimental aes Mu of employing vegetable matter for, in a fresh sta 248. state in which it "e^ to be used in the soil, i. i. 248. r2 INDEX. Manure, remarks on the decomposition of sub- stances designed for, i. 248. — — fresh vegetable, on enriching the soil of gardens by, ii. 189. 1, advantages of, in the culture of vegetables, iv. 55. alum, 2 S. iii. 37, 38. ————— ammoniacal water, 2 S. iii. 46. —— —— artificial, experiments with, 2 S. iii. 37. bleaching powder, 2 S. iii. 45, 46, 51, 98, 99. bone-ash, 2 S. iii. 96, 100. — — bone-dust, 2 S. iii. 45, 48, 50, 51. —— aces artificial, 2 S. iii. 96, 99. — —— Chin dicas of Lime, 2 S. ni 45, 46. — —— carbonate of soda, 2 S. iii. 39, 40, 49, 89,1 191, 192. —— — Daniell's Bristol, 50, 51. Dutch, 2 S. iii. 97, 9 ———— Epsom salts, 2 S. n 2, 48, 50, 51. —— ——— gas-lime, 2 S. iii. —————- gas water or bra 2 S. iii, 47, 48, 90, 51, ies 95, 96, 97, 100, 101. n vitriol, 2 S. iii. Pax, 2 S. iii. 2 S. iii 44, 48, . 41, 48, 50, 51, humus, Woolwich, 2 S.i iii. 99. Lance’ s carbon, 2 S. iii. 96, 99. 2. iii. 36. magnets 2 S. iii. 36. ———— of ammonia, 2 S. ni. 37, 38, 43, 69, 78, "79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 89, T 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 2 205, 206. € muriate of lime, 2 S. iii. 191, 192, muriate of potash, 2 S. iii. 191, 192, ~ 193, 194, 195. n Pia acid, 2 S. iii. 47, 48, 50, 51, MN 2 S. iii. 45, 48, 50, 51. nitrate of potas 2 S. ii. 37, 38, 58, 87, 89, 94 08, 99, 191, 192 — —- nitrate of soda, 9 &. i iii. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, 51, 58, 16, TT, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 94, 97, 98, 99, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. — nitric acid, 2 S. iii. 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 96, 98, 191. — —— nitro-muriatic acid T S. iii. 96. 3. 45, 48, 50, 51, Manure, phosphate of ammonia, 2 S. iii. 58, 64, 66, 19, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 97, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. phosphate of lime, T pa ii. 7 0, 19, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 194, 1 7 phosphate of soda, 2 Si iii. 37, 38, 39, 89, 191, 192. hosphoric acid, 2 "d iii. 36, 47, 50, 51. boittevin' S, Hi x m. 97, 99. — potash, rotten et 2 S. iii 41, 48, 50, 51, 191, 192. sal ammoniac, 2 S. iii. 43, 48, 50, 51. 2 or i. 57. —— S.i i 67, 68, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 81, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. salt cake, 2 S. iii. 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, ST. Og. silicate of potash, 2 S. iii. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,..72,. 73, 74, 75, 16, 77, 79, 80, soda, 2 S. iii. 36. ————— soot, 2 S. iji. 94, 99. sulphate of ammonia, 2 S, iii. 58, 69, 14, 19, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 97, 191, 192, 193, 194, 19 5. SORE, 2 S. iii. 95. ,:2 8. 11,:01, .99,. 49, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 9 e 95, 99. 2 Sih- 15,..19,. 19, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, "36. hs io 195, u^ i. 37, 42, 75, 79, 80, 81, mA 35, 86 86, 88, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. potash, 2 S. iii. 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. soda, 2 S. iii. 41, 42, 66, 67, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, ^88, 89, 94, 97, 99, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. sulphur, 28. iii 37, 88, 46, 48, 50, sulphuret of h, 2 S. iii Stow: act 2 S i . 36, joi 46, 41, 48, "» 1, 95, 99, 100. —— uperphosphate of lime, 2 S. iii. 88, 89, 91, 191. 192. urine, putrid, 2 à iii. 44, 48, 50, 51. wood ashes, 2 1. 96. as water, applied "s a plant of heath, vii. 3. MANVERS, Earl, 2 S. ii. 520. 108, 109. aracujas, iii. 112. Maranta a A 1. 275. INDEX. Maranta Galanga, i. 281. ——— obliqua, i. 276. ManccnRarF, iii. 112, 113. Maredoo of the Telingas, y. 117. Margona paludosa, i. 283 Marica californica, i. 310 ; vii. 41. Northiana, i i. 908 paludosa, i. 309. pantherina, i. 308. plicata, i. 310. — — — Sabini, vi. 75; figured, vi. 76. — ——— striata, i. 309. Marin, white "pra rd i. 351. pen: otted, 2 "i ii. 62. CUI box, v. 101. —— — guaya, v. 86. SIRE Seid v. 91. Maronnier, i. 140. Marrubium pseudo-dictamnus, vii. 35. ree OSEPH, Esq., v. 417. v. 417; 28. i. 534, 536, 540, ~ 542, 54 543, 544, 545. MARSCHALL A BrEnEnsTEIN, vii. 438. cevees W., v. 86, yen 110, 115, 117. SLAND, pots sent by him, | iii. ———— tice of a Queen pine-apple exhibited by hi $ iv. 52. — unt of a mode of treating pine plants so as Spe 'make them produce fruit within the year, iv. 392. M‘Arruvr, Capto vii. 68. Martin, 2 & i MARTINEAU, Miss, 2 S. i. 534. Ute citations ien his Epigrams, i. 147, set little value on the que i. 152. pc esteemed the hard fleshed grape, 1. n Professor, i. 17, 357 ; vii. 452; 2 S. ——— — — his instructions noticed re- speeting the a of sea-kale, i. 17. Marvel e Peru ino, Massox, Mr. Francis, i. 235, 262, 321 ; ji. 38. - nicis relative to the Fre of mountainous distriets at the Cape of Good Hope, i. 235. Masters, Mr. Joun tipos vii. 63. ——— —— . Wixnu, instructions for raising varieties of Iris saphini iii. 412. Masriyn, vi. 40. AE PATRICK, Esq., vii. 300, 303. Matuews, Mr. ANDREW, description of the different varieties of endives cultivated in the garden of the Society, vi description of the different varieties of M" cultivated in the Society's garden, vi. on the varieties of cardoon, vii. 9. on the esculent egg plant, vii. 82. — — — Henry SEvuoun, Esq., on making wine from the leaves of the claret grape, ii. 123. Matico, 2 S. iii. 154. Matricaria indina, i iv. 331. ——— sinensis, iv. 336. Matthes, vi. 503. Matthiolus, v. 29. Matting, bass, to render tee te ie 317. Maurandya antirrhiniflora, 2 S. iii. AURI, Professor, romana received from, 2 S. ii. Mawe, vi. 218. Maxillaria aromatica, 2 S. E re 142. — cruenta, 2 S. ii densa, 2 S. iii. Vira ————— tenuifolia, 2 S. ni. 116. May-apple, iii. 108. May, Mr. WirLiaM, me the cultivation of the carnation, 2 S. i. 162. Mavycock, iii. 108. Mayenne, vii. p Mayer, 2 S. i. Mayne, Captain i et Otway, iv. 334; v. 151, 414; vi. 324. Maytenus chilensis 28.7. 283. Mayua, 2 i. 153. M'*CALMONT, Taa, and Co., 2 S. ii. 389. M'*Cvrrocn, Dr. Jonn, vi. 302, 303, 304, 305. — —— — Mr, plant received from, 2 S. ii. rar, S. Esq., 2 S. ii. 377 McInrosn, Mr. CHARLES, 2 S. ii. 997, 292, 210, 216. M*MunrRIE, Mr. WirLiAM, 2 S. i. 10. description of a pit and stoves heated by fire and ste jointly, vi. Sa —————— iu. 258. M‘Rag, vi. Polis vi. 75, 85; vii. 52, 65, 73, 14, 75, 248. MEADE, Messrs., 2 S. ii. 381, Mealy insect (Coccus Ma, lint for the destruction of, i. 297. Mean, Mr. JAMES, i iv. 337, 345. ——————— 0 ement of orange, lemon, gy citron trees, ii. 295. INDEX. Mrans, Mr. James, on. p preservation of fig trees in the winter, ii. dinis ‘of his method of ripening grapes by means of dung-heat under a hotbed frame, ii. 330. M EARNS, Mr. pre pankai of a — of managing vines in a commo v. 246. is practice for obaiting eucumber plants for the winter crop, iv. 411. observations on horizontal espalier training, v. 44. is asco of a pit for growing early cucumbers, v. 493. is mode of obtaining a late crop of raspberries, vii. upon the cultivation of the Bouvardia eem vii. on foreing peaches and nectarines, 2 S. i Macon erassifolia, 2 8. i. 408. —————— erophylla, 2 S. i. 408. T list of presented by the Society, ii. Pp a arborea, vii. 39, 42 ; 2 S. ii. 277. puer successfully used as a stock for pears, E employed as a stock for pears, vi. 546. two kinds of known to the Romans, i. of Surinam, v. 102. MEpnrEY, Mrs., 2 S. i. 527. Melaleuca decussata, 2 S. ii. 249. — ———— depressa, 2 S. ii. 949. ericifolia, 2 S. ii. 249. pein re ` 248. incana, 2 S. ii. —— pubescehs, 2 A ii. Y^ Melampodium montanum, 2 S. iii. 127. rcv cem iii. cn 16. es i. 329. spicatum i i. 330. ,i 830. ————— viride, | i. 330. Melanzana, vii. 83. Melastoma, v. 117. Meu aypioy, vi. 35. Melia Asia bah, vi. 38 ; oe ve 2 S. ii. 277. Melianthus major, 2 S. ii. Melicoton, or yellow-fleshed p. i. 155. Melidora pellucida, account of, ii. 156. Me tuisu, Mr., v. 539. Melimala, or Sweet Apples, species of fruit known amo the Romans, i i1 Melocactus vi S. ii. 239. Melon, v. 465. remarks on its culture, i. 217. Ixxviii Melon, rarely brought to that state of perfec- tion which it might attain in this country, i. 221. manner of disposing the foliage, i. 223, its flavour improved by the application of oxygen air to its roots, i. 235. effects of high "qi on, iii. 460, early, culture 2 iv. 187 instance of a change of character in- duced by the fertilization of a different sort, not as regards the progeny, but immediately on the growing fruit, y , 69. cultivation of, v. weight of fruit B relative surface of glass, v. 242. — ——— on their cultivation in the open air, v. 349. mode of preparing euttings for a se- cond crop, fred, Y vi. 406. plan for obtaining a second crop, vi — ——— and cu core plan of growing in pits floored with slate, vi. 456. account of r varieties of Persian, vi. 3: ———— management of, on open borders, vii. varieties of, grown on open borders, vii. 174. en ion of, vii. 414 — ——- on the degeneracy of the fena and finer AE M Pea vii. 584 to prevent the fruit from bursting, 28. (s h ` remarks on: their cultivation, 2 S. i. 323, 466. | : cultivation of, in open frames, 2 S. ii. - frame, open, figured, 2 S. ii. 163. ——— for, in the ihe ci rica air, coni a I — frames, me steam a or i tol. — fra means of destroying the red spider in Bits, 2 "289i ii. 126. frames, upon their economical use, 2 S. ii. 185. pit for, i iv. 5383; figured, iv. 555. do ee pit, v. 223. n the Society's Garden, vi. 383. Boss of heating by steam, 2 8. i. 5:3. 199; tX 197. steam-pit for, v. 353. — description of stoves for, vi. 505. Melon, varieties of: Casween, vi. 559. — —— Dampsha, iv. 211; 2 S. i. 326. Daree, vi. 557. e, V1. —— INDEX. obo, Germek, Hle vi. 558. jv. 559, of Cerah! vi. n l. —— —— Green-fleshed, 2 S. iii. 63. nee ei suey iv, 514. h Hoosainee, 2 S. 1. —— — Housainee, queue vi. E oin Stripe vi. 560; 2 S, 1. 137, 325, 468. — — Ispahan, 2 8.1.9825; 28S, ii. 164. Italian, Green-fleshed, i. 919. 9- bitag ies HE iv. 918. Netted pages v. Tos 69. Ostrich-egg, vi. —-——— Persian, upon doi cultivation, 2 S. i. 85. of Seen, vi. 558. Sweet, of Ispahan, iii. 116; vii. 586. Smooth Scarlet-fleshed, iv. 320. Talibee Germek, vi. 560. Valentia, i in. 116. Water, vi vi. 57. effects of high temperature on, iii. 460, Winter, figured, iii. 116. Melongena, vii. ——— incurva, vii. 85. wisis ovata, vii. 8 — ———— tereta, vii 85. : Mélongene, vii. 83. — — —— rouge à fruit longue, vii. 85. rond, vii. MzrviLLE, Hon. J. T. Lasix, seeds received ‘om, 2 S. ii. 416. Menvs, Sir Ronznr, i iv. Pref. MENONVILLE, M. Turery, i. 85. Mentha blanda, vi. 275, 276. Menyanthes canile, i iil. 25. a ca, iii. 26, 34. Here nymphoides, iii, 25; iv. 399. ISA ovata sarmentosa, iii. hw rachysperma, iii. 26. Parcs ONE trifoliata, | iil. 25; ; iv. 996, 399. MEwxzirs, ARCHIBALD, Esq., vii. 509, 0. Menziesia polifolia, vi. 288; 2 S. i ii. 226. —— ————. vera, Vi. 283. [érangene Mara, C tur vii. . 810. TEE English, 2 S. iii, 52, 61. Merepew, Mr. GEORGE, vi. 539. account of his dec of forcing strawberries, vi. 539. Meringeane, vii. 83. Meriania majalis, 2 S. iii. 157. Moria, 2 ds i. 249. MERLEs, i. 155. Merter, i. 226 ; ii. eme of two varieties of pears inii d Misa EER qi, 2 S. ii. 270. on its cultivation, v. 214. pinnatifidum, yii. 42. — glabrum, vii. 42. uncinatum, vii. 33. Mespilus floribunda, vii. 230. — — —— japonica, account of the cultivation of, as a ipis tr Ba ii. 299. n imported into Eng: land, iii. 901. figured, iii. 299. montana, vii. 231. pr vii. 229. anthocarpa, vii. 252. Mesua brian vii. 591. Mercatr, Rev. Mr, i iii. 32 8. apples exhibited by, iii. ——— 314. Meteorological diagram, Mr. Gorrie’s, for the vegetating periods of 1823, 1824, and 1825, vi. 434; from observations in the Garden of the Society, for 1826, vii. 128 ; 1827, vii. 347 ; 1828, 2 S, i. 111; 1829, 2 S.i. 171; 1830, 2 S. 1. 322; 1831, 28. i. 849; 1832, 258.1 419 ; 1833, 2 S. 1. 5084 1834, 2 S. ii. 1; 1835, 2 S. ii. 73; 1836, 28. m. 129; 1837, 2 X n 1859; 18: : m 2 S. ii. 481; 1840, 2 S. ii. 529; m- l: 1842, 2S. iii. 163; 1843, 2 s. iii. 211. | Meteorological ac T used in the So- eiety's Garden, Meteorological J atal kept at the Garden of the pe during the year 1825, m 998 ; Metoorslo " E Mone. Jowen x kept in the ga a of the ain Society at Chiswick, plan detailed, vii. 97. INDEX. Meteorological observations at Mussooree, 2 S. i. 464. Moihanos gloriosa, i. 331. — — simplex, i. 381. — — superba, iii. 21. Mice attracted and rendered stupid by the bulbs of Gladiolez, i. 317. 2 dens their depredations on seed, — Dai tubers of Lathyrus tuberosus, i. 359. MR ii. 95 ; iii. 201; vi. 37. Michelia Champacca, how propagated for dwarfing by the Chinese, iv. 229. Micuetson, Mr., ii. 162, 163. Miconia pichinchensis, 2 S. iii. 155. Micovup, Baroness Dr, vi. 243, 246. Microstylis macrostachya, 2 S. iii. 123. MtpprzEuisT, Mr., vii. 551. —————— essrs 18. MrpprETON, Mr. CHARLES, vii. 155. —— — —— Lord, vi. 505; vii. 470; 2 S. i. 18. Miers, vi. 283, 296. Mignonette, account of a method of raising in pots in succession through the year, ii. 372. d’ Oran iii. 178. ee, ee, observations on, and account of its cultivation, i iii. 178. Mikania caudata, 2 S. iii. 161. corymbulosa, 2 S. iii. 155. leiostachya, 2 S. iii. 161. rufa, 2 S. iii. 158. scandens, vii. 250. Mildew, v. 175. on the prevention of, in particular cases, ii. 82 on cucumbers, i i. 284. on the peach, ii. 88. on peas, 41 87. vented by irri rrigation, 2 S. i. 340. wheat, ii. 86, 180, 183. Milla b biftora, 2 S. ii. 384, 385 ; 2 S. iii. 118. ILLER, Mr., iv. —— Mr. Joni vi. 573; vii. 24, 153, 154, 155, 158, 232, 238, 244; 9S.i. 4, 14, 25, 30, 200, 203, 204 —— Mir M. . 178. ————— . 16, 49, 89, 110, 123, 124, 139, 261, 272, 278, 302, 304, 331, 548; vi. 214; vii. 131, 272, 423, yen 431, Hr 442, 444, 451, 453, 454, 458, 529; 28.1. 29, 43, 59, , 10; 2S. ii. 459. Mutter, Mr. Pair, his writings noticed re- specting the sea-kale, i. 16; the Tuberose, i. 49; illiberality of M. de ‘la Cour, i. 49 ; the planting of apple trees, i. 64; vineyards of Italy, i 110; crocus, i. 131; cypripe- diums, i. 302 ; directions for the culture of the Hermodactylus tuberosus incorrect, i. 304; introduced the Methonica gloriosa, i. 331; his account of a disease in the roots of certain plants, i. 357, 358. Mitts, Mr. GEORGE, 2 S. i. 584, 535, 540, 543, 546. —— account of a method of growing cucumbers, iii. — — ——— James, plan of a hot-wall exhi- bited by him, iv. 139. Mie, Mr. Jonn, vi. 190. — — — ——— Tuomas, iv. 260, 261; v. 70 description of the hollow leek, with notices respecting the genus Al- lium, grown in ales; with observa- tions on cottage gardens, iii. 416. ybrid passiflora raised by him, iv. 258. n the cultivation of the English cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris) in dry beds, v. 27 MILNER, Dr, k 272, 277, 278, 340, 353. notice of some rare plants cul- tivated by him, i. 278. ———— Lady, iii. 140. — Sr WILLIAM, i L21. Mirrox, Lord, iv. 31 ; vi. 449. Mimosa latispinosa, vii. 46. polydactyla, vi. 272. pudica, 2 S. iii. 115. —— verticillata, i. 25. M mulne cardinalis, note on, 2 S. ii. 70; figured, lutinosa, vii. 35. : rviflorus, vi. de Mint, experiment with, v. ——— spear, 2 S. iii. 52, 62 Minott, Father, asserted to have first brought the tuberose from the ys Indies, i. 46. Missouri goosebet 243. Mistletoe, analysis o 2 2 s. iii. 53. Mrrcuet, Capt., vii. Mrrcugrr, Major ee hows, plant received from, 2 S. ii. 418, 4 Mitchella repens, vi. 405. Mircueson, Mr. WinriAM, on the cultivation ut the or q vi. 388. itigul, vii Models wax, notice of those presented by His Royal Highnos the Grand Duke of po Weimar, iv. 51. INDEX. Morrat, Mr. Tuomas, vi. 198. notice of his mode of obtaining young potatoes, iii. 123. whee exhibited by, i. 313. ptm atmospheric, » bate of, vi. 3. e tropies, vi. 17. and heat, their effects on .vegeta- tion at different periods of the year, vi. — ————— of soils, influence of saline manures on the retention of, 2 S. iii. MoLINA, iv. 54; v. 250, 254; vi. . 99. Molle, 2 S. iii. Mp. Molle wah, 2 S. iii. Momordica viua A S. iii. 241. — — ——- Elateriun, vi. 51; vii. Monarpvs, iii. 111. Monor, Sir CuanrEs Mixes Lampert, iv. 403, 404; 2 S. ii. 227, 279, 280, 295 obser- vations on the fruit of fig trees, v. = n the effects produced by ringing upon fig dite with observations on their cultivation and : Propsgabon, v. 170. direc- tions for removing worms from the roots of plants grown in pots or tubs, vi. 113. a plan ss e Res large forest trees in parks, "OU SECO EE br ses the cultivation of the fig tree, 2 S. i. 395. Monkey apple, v. 446, 463. Monnina nemorosa, 2 S. iii. 154. Monocotyledons, one of the two great natural divisions of plants, i. 263. onopsis conspicua, figured, ii — oits t etin. ii. 37. — — inconspicua, ii. 40. Monpe, v. 101. Montagu, Lord, iv. 207, 210, 318; v. 69. “aT apples exhibited from his garden, iii. Lady Mary WonTLEY, passage m pe Letters respecting the pine-apple, shane Very fee Esq., vi. 188. Mo ONTGOMERY, Mr. DUNCAN, on the cultiva- tion en an goes and a late variety of the pear on the , vi. 967. cw n its temperature and vegetation, i. pp. € management of peach trees at, i. 6, App. 1 Ixxxi longiflora, i. 305. lugens, i. 312. melaleuca, i. 312. N euo i. 908. odor pai, i i. 310. pavonia, i. 309. M i. 804. sordescens, i i. 806. spatha, i. 306, 307. BAR —— tristis, i. 306. Mors, Rosert, Esq., i. 306. Sir Tuomas, 2 S. i. 67. Moreau, General, iii. 257 ap ee. near Edinburgh, account of holly edges at, vii. 19 Morelia, vegetation of, 2 S. iii. 122. Morean, Mr. WILLIAM, ii. 174, 812; v. 9, 10, 14, 24. description of the dif- ferent sorts of winter greens, and of their cultivation, ii —— — —— ———— on thé ‘cultivation of strawberries in incar ees during the winter and spring months, ii. account of the species and varieties of beets cultivated for use, iii. 272. apples exhibited by, iii. 312, 316. notices of fruits ex- hibited by him, iv. 206, 208. Morinda citrifolia, v. 117. Morais, Mr., vi 410. Monntson, Dr., information from, the propensities o of the iv. 227, 228, note Mor ORRISON, Major, 2 S. i. 32. ae INDEX. Mortar dissolved by contact with the roots of plants, iv. 398. Morus alba, vi. 496 ; 2 S. ii. 244, 277. canadensis, vi. multicaulis, 2 S. iii. Mos ey, y> HORER Bart., 5 ri ii, 227, 263; 2 S. iii. on the Aphis lani- gera, or American Blight, with an account of various experiments for its destruction on apple trees, iii. 54. description of and observations on the Coccus laricis, or re Insect, which infests the larch, iii. Miss cultivation of plants in, vi. 437 pits, 2 . i. 389. Morrevux, Joun, Esq., vii. 176. Mou-chao-yao, vi. 485. — high, observations on the vegetation PpP- orne, Mr., 2 S. i. 546. MovNTNonnis, Earl of iii. 325; vi. 480; . 95. vii apples sent by, iii. ae, vi. 483. Tsu, vi. 483. — —— Wong, vi. 488 Fa, vi. 484. Moutarde > blanche, v. 95. Mowsray, Mr. Win of Moser RR 4 v. ig Mur Joss, Esq., large gourd presented by im, ii ieee Me vi. 45. MvcrisroN, Mr. Georas, vi. 144. description of an apparatus. for ventilating hot-houses, v. MUHLENBERG, iv. 444. Muizen met Staarten, i ii. 359. Mulberry, capable of being induced to earl fruitfulness, i. 5. ng 4 ——— two kinds possessed by the Romans, i. 152. i ———— on the culture of the, ii. 68, 91. ——————— experiments on, with liquid manure, ii. 128. propagation of, from cuttings, 2 S. trees, their culture little attended ii. 217. to, 1. 9. mployed as a mulehing in pine-apple LLIAM, on the cultivation 14. n fruiting Passi- Mulberry trees, sn se on the advantages of guias. ex the sy nt propagation by cuttings, ii. 114. mode of pruning and training, Mw parue to a wall in a cold climate, i. 63, aecount of two at Holkham Hall, iii. 394. Mule birds, iv. 371. Mules Mule P v. 292. — natural, i. 364. Munpy, Capt. ers gi iv. 907, 313. Munoz, MaTrriELD, and Co., 2 S.i ii. 379, 394. Munro, Mr. Donatp, 25. i. 530, 531; 2 S. ii. 437 account of the culti- vation of Chinese Gusesiden one in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, vi. 360. upon the varieties of the pine apple cpltiveted in the Garden of the gine iety, 2 S. 1 upon Chinese Chrys- anthemums, 2 S. i | . 392. | Munter, 2 S. iii. 108, 109, 111. Muraltia mixta, 2 S. ii. 271 | Murcian enin à h OT Muriate of amm , 2 S. iii. 37, 38, 43, 68, 69, 78, 79, 80, 8L 83, 85, ri 81, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195; 2 S. iii. 204, 205, 206. of lime, 2 S. iii. 69, 87, 89, 90, 94, 99, 191, 192, 193. of potash, 2 S. iii. 70, 71, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. Muriatie acid, 2 S. iii. 47, 48, 50, 51, 96, 98. Murray, Earl of, 2 S. i * 14. ———— General, vi. 204. ————— Mrs Mr. Pauper 2 S. ii. 227, 232. method of cultivating the North American and other hardy Orchids, vi. 403. ILLIAM, Esq., 2 S. iii. 35. c P'eolessor, iv. 489. Murraya paniculata, vi. 269. Moris v. 103. Musa coccinea, i. 272. ——— paradisiaca, v. 465. —— sapientum, iv. 137 ; v. 465. Mahroom, i ii. 403. cannot be generated by decaying 83. (substances, i li. uctive m of, ii. p 98 A method sf sole ha i iv. 305 INDEX. Mushrooms, account of a method of growing | Narcissus gieroeers i. 997. under glass, ii. 212. TEN pur i. 339. — ——— Mr. Oldaker's method of growing | ————— am i. 951. them in houses, ii. 336. ———— asta, i. 365. management of, in a cellar, ii. 344. | ————— bico —— — — on the cultivation of, in exhausted | ————— wd i 364. cucumber or melon beds, iii. 6. — — ——— bifrons a, i. 359. — — ——— cultivation of, iv. 472. B, i — house, plan of Mr. Oldaker’ Sy ik | ————— bélbossiun; i. 350, 351, App. 20. ———— Butter and Eggs, i i. 351. E. 2 S. ii. 52, 62. — — —— ealathinus, i. 353, 356. expe eriments with, in esi the a, i. 900, 990. © tends, 2 8. 2 x — candidissimus, i i. 348, —— 35. cernuus, 1. 3849, 353 Mutisia Clematis 2 S. ii 155. — —— — compressus, i. 359. gran ae 2 S. ii. 158. — —— conspicuus, i. 355. on ingens sa y: 95. — — —— eothurnalis, i. 364. M um rri: i. 289. — — ——— crenulatus, i. 363. Myrica macrocarpa, 3 S. iii. 149. — ———— elatior, i. 355. —— ——— mollis, 2 S. ii ers — ——— exiguus, i. 343. CON. 2 S. iii. —— B Goveni, 1. 39L Myrobroma fragrans, i. 1:295. ———— — i. 344, its treatment, i. 296, 297. | ——— —— hispanicus, i. 344. Myrsine africana, 2 S. ii. 269. ———— re sma | 1 1. 351. Minis inured to the iaat of Devonshire, , i: 881. 116. ei iesus. ARN, 1, SOR broad-leaved, vii. 36. — — — —- infundibulum, i. 356. Myrtus communis, 2 S. ii. 237, 244, 277, 285. | —— — — italicus, i. 360. montana, 2 S. iii. 131. — — —— Jonquilla, i. 357. oxycoccoides, 2 S. iii. 158. — — —— letus, i. 356. — latifolius, L 24 — — —— lobatns, i. N. — lobulatus, i. 350 major, i. 944 Nails for fruit trees, art iv. 418. B, i. 944. Nairn, Mr. Jonn, vi. 169. », i. 945. — — — — — — — account of a method of | -——— minor, i. 343 grafting orange and lemon trees so as to | ——— —— Mie d a, i. 949. produce dwarf fruit-bearing trees, iii. 91. ecount of a frame with | ————— nuta 354. rising E for growing cucumbers and | — — — erus, i i. 351, 355, 356. melons, in. 130. —-——— — orientalis, 1. 361. —— — ——— — ——- his method of treating the a, 1. Azalea indica, iv. 132. —————— paper-white, i. 360. —— — — — Scarlet Strawberry exhi- | ———— papyraceus, i. 360. bited by, v.: v. 398. —— ——— patellaris, i. 366. — notice of grafted Cacti ex- | — — — poculiformis, 1. 352. hibited Ee v. 485. D poetics, i. 365. Nairng, pax .. iv. Preface; vi. 823, 327, | ———— Primrose Peerless, i i. 964. 333, 331. — — ——— propinquus, i. 344. Naming of Hybrids, iii. 195 ; ; iv. 260. ———— pseudonarcissus a, i, 347. Nandina domestica, 2 S. ii. 259. — pumilus, Nangka (Jack Fri) v. : 108, 109. — he i i. 365, 366. Napier and CuaxpLEm, Messrs., i. 291. Te vereri serotinus, 2 S. ii. 278. arcissus, vi. 439. - — b ost. albus, i. 348. Se i. 945. Amancaes, i. 342. — ——— sylvestris, i. 347. Ixxxiii m 2 INDEX. Narcissus Tunt i. 359, 362. —— oficial iv. he. — — — —— small, vi. 586. Natural Marmalade, Vs OF. Nauclea Adina, vi. 264. Navarro, Mr. Lewis, iii. 320. — at -by him; Neame, Jonn Ricen, Esq., p for prevent- ing the drip in glass-houses, figured, vi. NEAVE, Sir Tuomas, vi. ns Nectarines, on forcing, 2 S. i —— — ——— account of a Fai of forcing, ii. 245. on y house management of, v. 57. ——— method of forcing, prineipally by dung v. 218. Nectarine, the raising an earl one, for which the Horticultural to give a premium, i. App. 2. effects of high temperature on, iii. 461 vi. 394. an object proposed raised from the stone of a peach, 59; figured, i. 103. Ixxxiv Nectarine, A 8 Bree s iv. 211; v. 554. — ————- Anderdon's, v. 554. 94. Brugnon, > v. 547, 554. Musqué, v. 547, 548. Red at the Stone, v. 551. Violet Musqué, v. 547. , Y. 002. late, v. 551. v. 551. ' Grosse "Violette, v. 552. ative, v. 552. Hunt's Farly Tawny, v. 542 s egre ig 2 S. 1. 47 ; EY iii. 63. Italian, v. Lucomb's Black, v. 541. Seedling, v. 541. Murry, v. 552. Newfoundland, vi 562. and peach on the same fammi ii. Late, v. 541. Sbiriet, v. 541. — ————— Ord's, v. 554. Póche Cre, v. 552. Porou ber . 558. —— — Pitmaston Orange, v. 544; figured, iv. 232. Princess Royal, v. 541. — ———— Rogers's Seedling, v. 541. man, v. 548. 141 i v. 543. li. v. d with small flowers, v. 554. — ———— Roussanne, v. 548. — Royal Chair d'Or, v. 552. INDEX. Nectarine, St. Omer's, v. 541. — —— Sariè Tawny, v. j Hunt’s Early, v. 542. Tu Tellier’s, v. 551. Vermash, v. 548, 552. True, v. 548. Violet, v. 552. Early, v. 552. Violette de Dunne; v. 558. Gro White, v. Mts: at Cowdray Lodge, iv. 210. New, v. 548. 548. Nectarine tree, luxuriant shoots of, i. 194. preservation of its early foliage, 2 S. ii. 180. description of a large, v. 523. riod in which it was grown in the same pot, iv. Ner, vi. 273; 2 S. ii. 223. NEES VON ESENBECK, Professor, 2 S. ii. 409. NEILL, Dr., iii. 444; iv. 456, 457, 458, 462; vi. 302, 303, 512, at vii. 10; 2S. ii "x Nerus, M., iv. 276 ; Nelu mbie, their cultivation, vi. 535. Nelumbium caspicum, vi. vi. 538. ————— luteum, i iii. 33, 36 ; vi. 537. speciosum, iii. 32; vi-085; vi. 286. on its cultivation, vi. Nella Woolymera Kore v. 120. emophila insi .1. 419. Neottia australis B, vi. 85. 2 orchioides, 1. 992. pubescens, vi. 405. repens, i. 301; vi. 405. s i. 291. spiralis, 1. "991; vi. 405. NEPEAN, Sir Evan, iv. 516, 517. Nepenthes atoria, vi dd Nephelium lappaceum, v. 115. Nerine, on the culture of the bulbs of that genus, iv. 176. Ixxxv Nerine curvifolia, iv. 179. — lucida, iv. 184 ——— rosea, iv. —— usta, iv. 179. Netinfh oleander, 2 S. ii. 244, 278. Nessirt, Capt., vii. 524. —— Mrs. HAMILTON, vi. 487; 2 S. ii. 287. NESTLER, M., v. 2, 33, 34. 1. Néty of the negroes, v. 444. Neourrer, Dr., 2 S. ii Newcastle Hortieultural Society, 2 S. ii. 445. NEWMAN, — Mr. goes vii. 97. S y cultivation of the Arachis hypogea, v New Zealand Bn Urna expansa), on its cultivation, v. 282. Nico, Mr., ii. 264; vi. 220. Nicotiana glauca, 2 s ii. 285. nana, vi —— ——— re Nieuville, number of f. picea] plants culti- vated there, i. 19. Night-soil, as formed into a manure by the Jhinese, v. Nimmo, J., Esq., ` plant received from, 2 S. ii. Niobe condiinlias TRESI Nitrate of potash, 2 S. iii. 37, 38, 58, 87, 89, 94, 98, 99, 191, 192. soda, S. ii 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, — 43, 48, 50, 51, 58, 76, 77, 79, 1, $2, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 94, 97, 98, 99, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. Tone acid, 2 S. iii. 41, 48, 50, 51, 52, 96, 98, See A acid, 2 S. iii. 96, 99. Nitta, v. 445. Nrven, Mr. James, i. 262, 331. Mr. Ninian, 2 S. ii. 227, 235, 282. Nivenia — . Okie stylosa, Nornen, Dr., iii. 150; iv. dae 121, 557. on the watering of frozen branches of pack and necta trees, i. 13. a method of improving the productiveness “of fruit-trees, ii. 262. — — —————— farther observations on the method of ringing fruit trees, ii. 382. aevum on the ex ency of giving to culture a mart form, by arranging its objects under a sys- tem, ii. 290. INDEX. NoEnDpEN, Dr., on ringing fruit trees, trans- lated from the German, ii. na adds of training 1 fruit trees, described by M. Noisette, ii. on a successful mode o in t trees, practised by Mr. Charles Harrison, iii. li some modes of continuing a T. ia of Hua potatoes through the year, i. 48. count of the original tree of the PET i n Pippin laid before the Society by him, i To of the different varie- ties of the genus Citrus cultivated in Italy, according to Dr. Sickler's statement, jii - App. 1. his review of the second edi- ag Es Hempel’s ‘Magic Ring of Pomona,’ v. 5 Nono, Duke of, vii. 265; 2 S. i. 541; 2 S. i 2833. Nobud, vi. bL NoisETTE, M., ii. 385, App. 8, 9; v. 131, 407, 37, 544 ; vi. 957 ; vii. 165; 28.i 88, 71, 18, 230, 279, 292, 331. mode of training fruit trees described by Ex: ii. App. 8. apples sent by him, iii. 317. notice respecting stocks for apple trees, iv. 411. Nolana paradoxa, vi. 296. tenella, vii. 252. NonoNna, a Spanish botanist, ii. 156. Norra, Mr., vii. di Hon . Mrs. North Devon Sonia Society, 2 S. ii. 445. NonTHUMBERLAND, Duke of, vii. 17; 2S. i. NUGENT, Mr., 2 E ii. 220. Nuphar advena, 31. Kalmia xi . al. lutea, iii. . 90, 31. i 31 inas £i, 90.81. Nuts, Nuts, method oF of baci, ii. 399. —— description of a mode of preserving them, vi. 546. — — Common or Hazel, well known to the Bé cheer i. 158. —— Cosford, ii. 402. —— Frizzled drop v. 263. —— Hazel, ii. 185. Nurs iv. "145; vi. 290, 294, 460; 2 S. ii. 125, 239. Nuttallia tems vi. 405. Nypi alba, iii. "1; vi. 537. Ixxxvi Nymphea cerulea, iii. 29, 34, 35 ; vii. 286. — ———— Kalmiana, iii. 31. ias iii. 27, oe pygmea, iii. 28, 30. rubra, iii. 29, 34. upon its treatment, vil. 285. stellata, iii. 30, 34, 35. O. ae i. App. 17; 2 S. ii. 226, 239, 244, 262, 219. on the quality of its timber produced in Great Britain, 2 S. i. 336. timber from old buildings, 2 S. i. 337. wood, analysis of, 2 S. iii. 55. Durmas i. 336 Turkey, 2 S. i. "337. Oats, experiments with, in steeping the seeds, 2 S. iii. 205. Oaxaca, plants collected by Mr. Hartweg in the state of, 2 S. iii. 133. vegetation. x x S. iii. 126. Ocote chino, 2 S. iii Ocymum febrifagum, v vi. y Odontoglossum SN 2 S. iii. 160. grande, 2 S. iii. 136, 145. nebulosum, 2 S, iii. 127. pardinum, 2 S. iii. m ygmeum, 28. iii. 135. , 2 S. iii. 136. (Edera prolifera, 2 - ii. 271. (Enothera acaulis, vi. 98. — —— — biennis, vi, 579: ———— hybrid, iv. 45. vi. 94. Acces Urge n vi. 94. — simata, 2 S. iii. 154. —— ———— triloba, vi —— yellow rote, vi. 580. Ogheghe, v. Ognon Blanc = ag arse iii. 376. — Gros, INDEX. Ognon Pyriforme, iii. 376. e Rouge Foncé, iii. 374. Pale, iii. 374. — Mr., 2 S. ii. 380, 384; 2 S. iii. Vs WirLiAM, Esq., 2 S. iii. 95. Oats, Rev. Jonn SAVILLE, pae yrs s Oily grain, Chinese, 2 S. iii. Oil p» nts, Cruciferous, solatiee produce of, 1. Oka, 2 S. iii. 153. Olea europea, H S. ii. 244, 278. dye : S. 11. 278. —— fragrans, 2 S ii. 270, 2 OLDAKER, Mr. Isaac, ii. Len ii. 165; iv. | 170; vii. 150; 2 S. i. 11, 26, 29, 30, 246. account of the method of growing mushrooms in houses, ii. 336. apples exhibited by, iii. 313. new ne of radish imported by him bon. Russi i on the sc c atit of succory, iii. 138. on the treatment of the M pain violets, so as to make them pro- duce a succession of flowers through the winter, iv. 109. notices on the method of treating the Rosa Me: iv. 173. e of fruits exhi- bited by him, iv. 205, "all, 212, 213. n m the Roseberry Strawberry, in order to make it produce fruit through the late summer, autumn, and winter months, iv v. 2 a grapes exhibited by him, iv. 515, 516. exhibited by, v. 265 notice of a pine apple “peach exhibited by, v. 399. Oleander, vii vii. 35. Olive, iii. A 5; 2 S. ii. 244, 270, 278. — —— Wild, 36. vi. Oncidium ampliatum, 2 S. iii. MS ascendens, 2 S. iii bicallosum, z S. iii. eye Tei omni nd 2 re ii. 138, 142. pergameneum, 2 S. iii. 145. vii. 71. POA ROSAS ee pul the management of | Oncidium E A: i. 295. — — — — Wentworthianum, 2 S. iii. 142. Onions, 2 S. iii. "0. 245. on the management of, i. 157. account and description of the different varieties of, iu. 369. . cultivation of, iii. 403; iv. 138. — ——— modes of growing them of a large size, iv. 130, 138. on the use of charcoal dust as a top- dressing for, vi directions for growing, so as to pro- duce bulbs in clusters at an early season, vi. 115. the grub i in, prevented, vii. 93. . Amiens, iii. 3 Blane de Florence, i iv. 410. Blood-red, iii. 37 14. Bulb- bearing, i iii. 370, 378, 419. Ciboule, iii. 377. a Blood-red, iii. 915. Early Lisbon, iii. 376. —— — Early Silver- dione iii. 371. Flanders, iii. des - Portugal, lii. 872. n the cultivation and the varieties of, ili. 67. — — — Potato, iii. 306, 370, 377. - Pyriform, iv v. 410. pue E: ie 2. —-—— Sandy, ii Seallion, i iii. ur 9, 417. Silver, iii. 68. Silver-skinaed, iii. 371; iv. 410. 3. | — —— Strasburg, iii St. Thomas's, üi 919. . E , iii. 372 ; iv. 138. Two-bladed, iii Un der- and, | iii. 370, 377; cultiva- tion of, iii. 403. Welsh, iii. 370, 377, 416. White Lisbon, iii. 37 6. — —— White Portugal, iii. 372. INDEX. Onion, White Reading, iii. 372. White Spanish, iii. 372. . 93. Onopordum elatum, vi. 54. Onoseris eriocephala, 9 S. iii. 156. Onychium crumenatum, vii. 70. OosrEN, Henry Van, ii. 263, 264. nawk, a name formerly applied to the potato in Virginia, i. 9, 10. Ophioglossum palmatum, 2 S. iii. 156. Ophiopogon japonicus, 2 S. i. 466. — — — — spicatus, 2 S. i. 466. Ophrys apifera, vi. 405. — —— aranifera, i E 289 ; vi. 405. muscifera, vi. 405. E ferox, 3 $1 li. MP 259, 260. ra . 130. Orache, on its varieties and cultivation, vii. 130. Dark Green, vii. 132. wit purple borders, vii. 132. Lurid, vii. 133. Pale Green, vii. 131. Purple, vii. 133. ——— , vii. ; — —— Red-stalked Green, vii. 132. White, vii. 132. — — White, vii. 131. Orancio a scorza dolce, iii. App. 1 ge, ii. App. 14; iv. 20; $8 ui 5 128, 148, 245. effects of high om venga zt iii. 462. m cutti 12. tote the Society, i iii. 123. r ma ent, iv. 306. Orange, Bitter, with curled leaves; i iii. App. 14. with semi-double blossom, iii. App. 14. ——— Blood-red, iii. 123. Maltese, i ii. 407. de la Chine, iii. App. 16. — —— Common Bitter, iii. App. 14. several ze RR brought to | Orange, Douce d'Hiver, iii. App. 18 — —— Dwarf Bitter, " Goa, p App. 15. weet, iii. Ap mE Etoilée, i iii. App a Feuilles Frisées, ii iii. App. 14. aes iii. App. 16. 19 with a sweet and eatable ——— Myrtle-leaved Dwarf Bitter, i iii. App. 15. Panachée, iii. App. 18. Meere de l'Aigre et du Doux, iii. App. 15. Petit. Chinois, iii. App. 15. ——- Portogallo dolce, 2 S. ii. 253. de Rose, iii. App. 8. Shaddock, iii. App. 17. pp. 15. Sweet Olysipo China, i iii. App. 16. with half-double blossom, iii. App. 17 Olive-shaped, iii. App. 17. Philippine, with crimson juice, iii. App. 16. with yellow juice, i App. 17. Pompelmouse, i ~ App. 17. Rose, iii. App. 1 ite, iii. App. M ated, iii. A Variegat pp. 18. — —— Willow-leaved Bitter, iii. App. 15. Orange trees, 2 S. ii. 253. ———— ——— trained against walls in Devon- shire, i. 17 Le — experiments on, with liquid ma- nure, ii. 129. — on their management, ii. 295. —— Sir Abraham Hume's box for, figured, ii. 295. —— ———— not so hardy as lemon and citron trees, ii. 297. — — ——- at Rome, observation respecting, iii. 43. —— ———— method of poop duce dwarf f —— trees, iii. 91. tenement unt of some open air in DoD iv. 142. Rett we of their ing in the treatment in Tuscany, vi. ost Oranger à Fleur yi iii. App. 17. INDEX. Granger à Fru à Fruit Blanc, iii. App. Doux, et à écorce douce, iii. Oliviforme, iii. App. 17. —— — Nain à Fruit Doux, iii. App. 17. Orchidaceous epiphytes, 2 S. ii. 239. Orchids, mode of constantly irrigating, iv. method of cultivating the hardy kinds, vi. Orchidez, Parasitical, instructions for packing, v. 196. Orchis bicornis, i. 287. bracteata, i. 291; vi. 405. ciliaris, vi. 405. conopsea, i. 290. yperborea, vi. 405. macrophylla, vi. 405. militaris, i. 290; vi. 405. orbiculata, vi. 405. acne i. 289. purpur 290. pyramidale, 3 i. 289; vi. 405. spatulata, i. 288. spectabilis, vi. 405. tridentata, vi. 405. Bien HN, z ii. 285. Order, of plants, its definition, i iv. 21. ganic powers, generation of, not possessed by decomposing substances, ii. 83. Origanum vulgare, 2 S. i. 466. rale coccineum, i. 293. ocephalus pim 2 S. iii. 145. Omitbogdun. ei e arabicum, vi. 86. caudatum, 2 S. ii. 270. bosum, vi. 86. L0. — —— gramineum, vi. 97. Ornithoglossum glaucum, i. 330. viride, i i. 330. OrtLey, Mr., vi. 415. ra cernua, i. 298. Orro, M, iii. 218, 226, 227 ; vi. 99, 291. Ixxxix TTO, M., Pinus Llaveana received from, 2 S. ii. 411, 413, Ottoa cnanthoides, 2 S. m. 128. OvusErzy, Sir Gore, iii. 116. fece of plants easily destroyed by frost, i. 499. Geen. Capt. Wittram, iv. Preface. Oxalis Bowiei, 2 S. ii. 269. Deppei, account of, and its cultivation, 2 S. iii. 29; figured, 31 glandulitega, i iv. 33. Jacquiniana, 2 S. iii. 33, 60. P „ 9 S. i. 522 Oxycoceus hispidulus, i ii. 94. — rpus, v. 278. erui ge v. 216. Oxygen, its utility in promoting vegetation, 233. —— experiments with, for promoting vege- tation, i. 234, 235. applied with success to the roots of melons, i. 235. its effects on an — tree, iv. 134. —— —— from leaves, 2 S. iL 217. Oxylepis lanata, E ^ iii. 138. Oyamel, 2 S. iii. E Pachyne spectabilis, i. 299. Packing of cuttings for buds, vi. 319. Paco Coatinga, vi. rpm clava rubente major, i. 279. Papey, Mr., iii. 162; v. 549, EU vi. 153, 154. ——— notice of a second crop of peaches. in the same season, grown in pots, exhibited by him, iii. 367. Peonia albiflora, ii. 279. INDEX. Peonia Moutan, ei : ii. 231, 244, 255. ————— its varieties, descriptions of, vi. 465. ——— — — ——— : cultivation o5 «1.49 C. grafting, vi. 491. albida plena, vi. 482. Anneslei, figured, vi. 482. 41 papaveracea, 2 S. ii. 255. paradoxa fimbriata, ii. 276. 16. dere account of seven double herbaceous, 73. eta Double Flesh. coloured, ii. 215. Fri . 216. Sweet-svented Chinese, ii. 278. White, ii. 275. Ae Abraham lene s Double Chinese, li. — — Whitey s Double White Chinese, ii. 271 — ——— tree, vi. 465. Pars, Don Sones DE, 2 S. 1. 6. Pasar, Mr., iv. 509. Mr. W. B., 2 S. ii. 224. Paint, Anticorrosion useful effect of, on an old sani wall, vii. e, or Chinese turnip, 2 S. iii. 243. Patai iv. 554. Palao, 2 S. iii. 133. Palos vi. 40. Palicourea lineata, 2 S. iii. 155. popayanensin Ai — ——— vaginata, 2 S. iii. Palindjam, vi. 53; vii. 83. Palisot de Beauvais, v. 459. Paliurus, vi. 37 PALLMER, CuamrEs NicHoLas, Esq., iv. 72; communication of a plan for bringing seeds from distant countries, iv. 57. Palms, best mode of transporting their seeds, v. 197. Palm, Fan, 2 S. ii. 236, 239. ——— tree, utility of preserving its pollen, i. 6 —— Wax, 2 S. ii. 289; 2 S. iii. 150. PALMER, ARCHDALE, Esq. 2 S. i. 536, 540, 543. —— — — Mr. 42, 43, 54. ———— C. , Esg., vii vii. 533. , Esq. 2 S. i. 534, 536, 540, Toma AS, Esq. iv. 8405 v. 37, 370; vi. 80, 461, 462, 419; vii. wt ne 529, 533, 534, 554, 56533628. 1 ———— J. 541, 542, 544, Double Yellow rose exhibited by him, v. 370. Palo de asi, 2 S. iii. 160 Palo requison, 2 S. ii. 157. PALUDANUS, ERNARD, i. 46, 48. Panais Coquine, vi. 904. Lisbonaise, vi. 804. rond, vi. 305. Tlavypariov, vi. 49. Pancratium, remarks on various species of, iv. 29. amboinense, i..331 ; iv. 31, 34. bulbs from its cap- sule, figured, iv. 33. — — — ameni 1. , 989. Amancaes, i. 342 americanum foliis latissimis, i. aribeeum, vi. 87. carolinianum, i. 339. crassifolium, vi. 87. ragrans, i. 340. illyricum, i. 336, 341. littorale, i. 338 5 ; iv. 25. maritimum, i. 339, 341, 342; ^ mexicanum, i. 388. nervifolium pi 994. —- aciütates, 2 S. ii. 278. ParraDrUs, iii. App. Partas, iii . 2415 av. 417, 490; vi. 60, 538; vii. 514. Pauuiser, Mrs, plants received from, 2 S. ii. 418. xe B spathaceum, i. 336. speciosum, i. 940. stellare, i. 336. - tiareflorum, i. 342. INDEX. Pancratium stadi 1. 342. ——— zeylanicum, i. 342. Pandanus humilis, i. 2 65. TET a name of the potato in South America, 10. berous root used for food by the —— —— à tu ires of Quito, i 1-205 amarillas, vi. 569 i. adag MM vi. 54. Papaw, 5. Papaya de la Tu v. 100. Papelilla: 28.i Parchas (Grenaiillas), v. 82, 102. Pardanthus chinensis, i. 313; vii. 41. Parinarium macrophyllum, v. 452. f. PARKER, Mr., 28. n 402. apple sent by, | iv. 525. Capt. WILLIAM, ii. 3. Parkin, Joun P., Esq., 2 S. ii. 227. PARKINSON, i. 334, 943, 349, 350, 353, 354, 360, 364; iii. 108, 112, 342, 348, 354; vii. 9, 130, 423, 424, 436, 437, 438, 442, 453, 454, 458; 2 8.1.278; 2 S. ii. 224, 238. — —— —— ——- his account of the Tuberose, i. 46, 48. — —— — —— his observation on an old practice of nurserymen, i. 194. — — — Mr, 2 S. ii 398. Parks, Mr. Jonn Damper, v. 427; vi. 106, 263, 266, 267, 269, 271, 286, 393, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 345, 344, 346, 347 ; vii. 26, 52, 60, 66, 69, 226, 528, 534, 536, 555, 557. eerie plants and seeds sent by him during his mission to China, vi. 263, 267, 269, 286. Sieger chrysanthemums _ introduced by him, vi. 323. | agement of plants during ilete voyage from China, vii. 396. PARKYNS, vem Boorusy, Esq., iii. 280. PARMENTIER, Le Chevalier, v. 131, 266, 404, 406, 408 ; 9 5.746268, fruit trees received from, 2 S. ii. 415. PARNELL, rio n Esq., vi. 579. Parsnip, 2 descrip of the different varieties of, vi. 302. — ——— common, vi. 303. Coquine, vi. 302. Guernsey, vi. 304. XCI Tuomas NETHERTON; Esq., seedling Parsnip, alee vi. 304, ——— ow-headed, vi. 304. ——— eas Swelling, vi. 303. Lisbonaise, vi. 302. vi. 302. —— Tum mipsonted, vi. 303, 305. Parsley, Curled, 2 S. iii, 62 Passiflora, on the Mole of fruiting several spe- cies of, vii. 95. — — ——- additional account of new Hybrid, adiantifolia, 2 S. ii. 285. alata, x 268 ; v. 104 ; vii. 96, 392. ect produced by ringing, iv. 128. — vii. 49. rulea, vii. 41; i^ ii. 244. 285. — caru uleo-racemoga, 2 S: ui 285; figured, iv. 261 ; sections of, iv. 265. quinquelobata, v. 10. trilobata, v. 71. — vii. 39 d. nearnata, ii. 107, 109, 110, 112, 114. lanat i. 992. ] omg in. 100, 101 ; iv. 62. maliformis, iii. 1 membranacea, 2 S. in. 139. tind . 48. ——————— princeps, iv ————— quadrangularis, i iii. 99, 100; v. 104; 6. cultivation of, iv. 60; vi. 388. racemosa, iv. 258, 268; vii. 96. — — ——— serratifolia, vii. 392. — ——— stipularis, 2 S. iii. 130. Passion Flower, i. egetation of earlier in seed- ling plants iban. in roots imported from Virginia, i. 2 account of a Hybrid, iv. 258. Milse's five-lobed Hybrid. : (9, 5 i — —— three-lobed Hybrid, Y il. Onyx, ex experiments on its rate wth, ih, 2.8. jii. 103. _ of growth, 2 Purple-fruited. and other spe- cies, account of, iii. 99. Pastinaca sativa, vi. 302. 2 A INDEX. Parrerson, R., Tn, > : s i. 544. Patersonia sericea, Patience, 2 S. iii. ete Patlindjam Melktem, vi. 53. Pavon, Don Jos£, v. 250. Pavonazza, v. 19. irit Tuomas, T his method of de- stroying insects, v. Mieres Mr. indie vi. 142; 28. ii. 177, 455. PAYEN, M. 2 S. ii. 302, 307. PAYNE, Joun ROBINSON, Esq., v. 415. Peas, vi. 497. on obtaining early m of, 2 S. i. 79. —— for autumnal crops, ii. method of ae early crops of, after severe winters, v. 841. experiments with, 2 S. iii. 85, 193. '— experiments with, in steeping the seeds, 2 S. iii. 205. —— mildew on, ii. 87. prevented by irrigation, 2 S. i. 840. on transplanting, for early crops, v. 436. variation in colour, occasioned by cross impregnation, v. 234; figured, v. 237 on the variation of their colour from cross impregnation, v. 379. Pea, account of its varieties, 2S. 1. 374. Alberjas, 2 S. 1. 381. — — American Crown, 2 S. 380. — — d'Auvergne, 2 S. i. 376, 387; 2 S. iii. 60. V*- . Baron, 2 S.i. 376. ——— Batt’s Early Dwarf Nimble, 2 S. i. 376. —— Bean, 2 S. 1. 386. —— Best Early, 2 S. i. 376. Bishop's warf, 28. r sa Black-spotted, 2 S. i. Blue Prussian, 2 Ri k on 3887; -2-S. iii. 60. —— Blue Union, 2 S. i. 38 Brest, tres Nain de, 38.1 tres Nain de, 2 a i. qoot Broadsword, 2 S. i. 380. Carolina, Large, 2 S. i . 918. Tall, 2 S. i $a 378. —— Carré Vert, 2'S. i. 383. Gros, 2 S. i. 383. Norman, 2 S. i. A — — Charlton, per 2 S. 1. 376. Golden, 2 S. i. 376. ——— —— ———— —— — — Dominé, 2 S. i. 3 — Dom's New, 38.5. 319. Pea, Double-blossomed, Early. 2 S. i. e 6. —— Double Dwarf Frame, 2 S. i. 376 ——- Dutch, 2 S. i. 385. —— Dwarf Albany, 2 S. i. 376 — — — ——— Blue Prolific, P Si i. 383. Prussian, 2 S. i. 383. 19. Green Marrow, 2 Şii i. 878. Knight’s, 2 S. i. 377. Imperial, 2 S. i. 383, 387. r de Grace, 2 S. 1. 382. ———- Suga Early Charlton, 2 S.i. 376, 387; 28. iii. 60. Dutch, 2 S. 381. reen, 2 S. i. 383 Dwarf, 2 S. 375. Perkins pe 2 S. i. i. 376. French, 2 S. i Green, 2 S. i. pike New, 2 S. i. 378. Nana, 2 S. i. 376 Nicholas, 2 S. i. 316. One-eyed, 2 S. i. 316. Sugar Frame, 2 S. i. 376. — — — — Wilbon, 2 S. i. 376. —— Eastern iege 28/1971. ni 919. —— Egg, 2 — Lüge, or Bean, 2 S. i. 919. — Essex Reading, 2 S. i. En Eventail, 5 br i. 97 Hd Fan, 2 S. i. Fine Longe Dwarf, 2 S. i. 383. | Frame, 2 S. i. — Early Dart, 2 S. i. 316. Single, 2 S. i. 376. — —— Tall, 2 S. i. 377. ——— Funnel’s Black-spotted, 2 S. i. 386. Garden, very fine late, 2 S. i. 316. —— Giant, 2 S. 1. 385. — Glory of MS i 2 z i. 877. ——— Golden Charlton — — — Tall, —— Groom’s Superb Dwarf Blue, 2 S. i. 384, 387. —— Gros Nain Sucré, 28. i. 382. INDEX. Pea, Gros Vert de Prusse, 2 S. i. 383: m Vip dT 2 S. i. 380. fà ia Melle Ph GR. 28. i. d’Espagne, 2 S. i 377. le plus Hatif, 2 $ » 376. Hotspur, 2 Si. Dose Dra tA S. i. 376. Early, 2 S. i. Niclas, 2 S. 1. 376. Golden, 2 S. i Wrench’s, 2 Si. i97. —— Imperial, 2 S. i. 383. lue, 2 S. i. 383. warf, 2 S. i. 383, 387. Priit Green, 2 S. 1. 3838. Green, 2 S. i. 37 9. New Dwarf, 2 S. i. 383. Impro ved. 2 S. i. 983. Dwarf, 2 S. i. 383. New Long-podded, 2 S. i. 383. New Tall, 2 S. i. 383. Tall, 2 S. i. 383. Blue, 2 S. 1. 383. Gr reen, A 54 i. 383. —— Knight’s Dwarf, 2 S. i. Mar tae D S L 9, 386 ; 2 S. iii. 60. Late, 2 S. i. 378. New. Dwarf, 2 S. i Tall Marrow, 2 S. i. ark 386 ; 2 S. iii. 60. Knox's Dwarf, 2 S. i. 375. —— Late Dwarf, A S. 1. 976. — — Laurent, 2 S. i. 376. ——— Ledman's Duet 2 S. 1.882. — — Maage-tout, 2 S. i. 380. —— — Maple Grey, 2 S. i. 386. Marlborough, 2 S. i. 386. — De Marly, 2 S. i. 378. —— Marotta, Spanish, 2 S. i. 386. Tall Black-spotted, 2 S. 1. 386. Marrow, Branching, 2 S. i. 379, 387. —— — ——— Dwarf Green, 28 i, 378. White, Lon. Knight’s Dwarf, ore i. 377, 386. Tall, 2 S. i. 378, 386. Large Imperial, a3. E 378. New Extra Green, 2 S. i. 378. Royal Dwarf, 2 S. i. 918. - Tall Green, 4 i. 379, 387. TOME i. 378. —— Michaux, 2 S. i. ——— — de ae 2 28 i. 376. à Œil Noir, 2 S. i. 386. —— ———— ——. — — xclii Pea, Michaux Ms x 2 S. i. 376. écoce, 2 S. i. 376. —— Marrowfat, Holloway. 2 S. i. 378. Mason’s Double-blossomed, 2 S. i. 376. Nain Hatif, a ji 1. 375, 387. ollande, 2 S. 1. 382. ————— de Hollande 2 S. i. 382. — à la Moelle d'Espagne, 2 S. i. 381. 383. ———— . 1. 383. mpériale, 2 S. i. 383. S 2 S. i. 383. — New, 2 S. i. reen, 5 $i i. 378. — E Taylor, 2 S. i. 376. Nonpareil, 2 S. i. 379. reen, 2 S. i. 383. New ae 2 S. i. 378. Nonsuch, 2 S. i. Norman, New Dwart 2S. i. 384. —— à il Noir, 2 S. i. 386 Paddington, 2 S. i. 376. Partridge, Gray, 2 » $ 386. Patagonian, 2 5. i. Pearl, or Nonsuch, A S i. 979. —— Poor Man 8 Heo - S. 1. 384. —— Princesse, 2 S. 1. Prolific, 2 S. i. TA —— ——— . Isle of France, 2 S. 1, 019. Prussian, Dwarf White, 2 S. 1. 984. ——— MÀ PAIN 251 35A. Tall, 2 S. i. 383, 384. White, NET 384, 381. Purple-podded Grey, 2 S. i. 384. Red-flowered Sugar, 2 S. i. 385. —— Ridée 2 SL O18. ——— BÉ SERRE ek Ae OI Tardif, 2S. i. 378. i HON e S. 1 000. Rouncival, Green, 2 S. 1. 918. Grey, 2 S. i. 385. — White, 2 S. i. 378. Royal Dwarf, 2 S. i. 384. — —— —- Marrow, 2 S. 1. 918. Royal Prolifie, 2 S. i. 984. Pru ssian Blue, 2 S. i. 383. de Ruelle, 2 Nr —— Russell’s Early- “blossomed, 2 x i. 376. L — —— — Fine Early, 25.3 New, 2 S. i. 383. — —— Sans Parchemin Blanc à Grandes cosses, S i 380. .. camer M à Fleurs Rouges, 2 S.i. 385. INDEX. Pea, Sans Parchemin Yor 2.8. 1. 383, Sanspareil, 2 S. i. —— Scymitar, Blue, 2 g frohe Single-blossomed, Early, 2 S. i. 376. — AVS Dwarf, 2 S: i. 375. PERN 2 S L 015. ge, 2 S. i. 375. New E 3 " Lh 949. ———— wk 2 S h 383. —— Stowe, 2 S. i. —— Sugar, 2 S. i. 380. — Dwarf, 2 S. i. 382. Crooked, 2 S. i. 382. Dutch, 2 S. i. 381. Early, 2 S. i. 381. Early May, 2 S. i. 381, 387. Fishamend's, 2 S. i. 385. Large Crooked, 2 S. i. 380. Late Dwarf, 2 S. i. 381. Wy Red- flaworéd. 2 S. L 385. — — — — Vilmorin’s, 2 S. 1. 381, 387. —— Suisse, 2 S. i. 378. Sumatra, 2 S. i. 383 — Puy dei 2 P i. 916. —— "Tall e; 28.1.8311. —— ie onal 2S. i. 383. — ———— White Marrow, 2 S, i. 318. "Tamarind, 2 S. i ew, 2 S i 387. nius New Tall, 2 S. i. 378. —— Ture, 2 S. i. 380. ————— "4 Fleurs Blanches, 2 S. 1. 980. — — Twesley Dwarf, 2 S. i. 376, 384. — Vert Gros Normand. 2 S. i. 3878. — ——— Hátif à la Moelle, 2 S. i. 378. —— ———— a Rames de Mont Julienne, 2 8.1.376. —— Wabash, 2 S. i. —— Waterloo, 2 S. i. es —— TEMA 28 8. ite i Six! 384, 387 — Wootten, 2 S 28. —— Young's V. rly, 2$. 1 376. Peaches, 28 i i; rir iii. ATA may have been derived from the almond, iii. 87. experiments by Mr. Knight for raising new — of, i. riments for raising. new varieties, i. 38, 165. — —— the almond recommended as a stock for, ii. 90. ——— remark on the apricot as a stock for, ii. 202. xciv Peaches, on its own stock, ii. 203. how to obviate the d of those grown under glass, i. 149. mildew on, ii. 88. on their eulture on espalier trees, ii. 219. observations on forcing, ii. 108; 2 S. i. 87. on the house management of, v. 57. advantage of a span-roofed house for forcing, i iv. 562. ——— notice of a second ep in the same season, grown in us i. 367. on a method of forcing, principally by dung-heat, v. 218. account of the method of forcing them in Denmark and Holland, v. 320. effect of climate on the flesh of, ii. 61. varieties of, known to the Romans. 1.149. Peach-houses, Roman, remarks on, i. 149. of one, i. : ; observations on the best method of constructing, i. 199. ventilation of, ii. 227. elevation, section, and plan of one used in Denmark, v. 3 origin of, in Holland, v. 928. Peaches and nectarines produced on the same branch, i. 103 ; ii. 59; oe i. 108. leaves of, without pua figured, v. 529 ; with reniform glands, igured, 1b.; with globose glands, figured, 7b. classification of, v. 525. on their classifica- tion, with observations on the disorders i inci- dent or peculiar to each class, iii. 380. synoptical tables of, ii. 386 ; v. 532. Peach and nectarine trees may be propagated by layering, v. 291. Peach-pit, ea Lgs and plan of, v. 324. Peach-stocks, v. Peach-trees, erratis on the origin of, iii. 2. —— —— — to raise from stones, v. 290. — podij uced almond-tree, iii. 1; fruit of, i ib. — on apricot stocks, i ii. 370. transplantation of their blossom- buds, i ii. 7. on the budding of, i. App. 5. — — —— on inarching leafless branches of, ii. 35. — — — —— may be made to bear when three years of age, 1. 161. ——— —— remarks on, their luxuriant shoots, i. 194, 195. INDEX. Peach-trees, experiments on, with liquid ma- nure, ii. 128. — —-— trained, advantages which they de- rive from their roots being allowed to pene- E the border on the north side of the wall, v. 95. — — ——— preservation of their early foliage, 2 S. ii. 180. — ————- management of, in France, i. App. 6 179. blister and eurl of the leaves, v. gumming of, v. 180. —— ————— upon the causes of the — and deformity A their leaves, 2 S. ii. pruning, in cold Shi -Jate m situations, ii. 364 —— — Mr. Knight’ s method of training, i. 80. on forcing, 2 S. ii. 357. — ——— management oin in an early peach- house, vii. «ie ticulars of one in the garden at x" iii. —— aécount of the produce of those at "Wortley Hall, iv. 79; and their manage- ment, lv. Cockfield a Vy RADIIS produce of, at Wortley Hall, cor- rected, iv. 52. —— ———— seedling, produced fruit when only sixteen months 0 d, in New South Wales, ii. on the early puce of, ii. 10. ———— — — borders pw sf Peach, Abrie Act otée, v on Scot, ^ 140, 215,218; v. 552; figured, ii. 142. E Muta v. 545. ly, v. 545. Jaune, v. 547. e, v. 542, 545 Searlet, v. 540. —— Abiit, v. 552. — —— Alberge, v. 552. — —^ Jauhe, Y. 551. Ehret’s ———— inting of two varieties of that fruit growing on one branch, i. 10 Atinotid; iv. M "510; v. 541. — — Allen's Royal, v. 552. Anne, v. 539. Early, v. 539. xcv Peach, AP vi. 411. — ——— Aster's Seedling, vi. 414. E Sarah’s, vi. 410. Avant Blanche, v. 540. Early Purple, v. 553. Péche petens v. 540. v. 945. simne an Barrington, v. Mi dei Bear eus v. Belle Beauté, v. 543. heirs É: 104; v. 049. - Bellegarde, v. 545. Belle de Paris, v. 539. de Vitry, v. 542, 545. Bellis, v. 542. -—— ——— Betterave, v. 540. ——— Blood Clingstone, vi. 411. Á Braddick's areia i ii. 205 ; figured, v. 553. New York, iv. 209. North American, v. 558. Brevoort's Scedling, ria Burdock, v. 552. Pound, vi. 412. —— — ——— Cardinale, La, v. 598. de Furstemberg, v. 538. Chancelliere, v. 549. variety, v. crum ig à gy se Fleurs, v. 549. — — — Chancellor, v. 550. Chevreuse, v. 549. Flower, v. Montagne, cadi for forcing, INDEX. Peach, Double Swalch, v. 550. de T de Troyes, v. 550. Downton Early, ii. 214, 217; v. 553. 4 v. 544. Dwarf Orleans, v. 540. Early Anne, v. 539. Purple, v. a 544 Neal’s, v. 544. of o. v. 542. True, v. 544. Padley's, v. 544. Sweetwater, vi. 412. Vineyard, v. 543. Eaton, v. 553. Emperor of Russia, vi. 412. Fairscot’s, v v. 553. at, of China, v. 149, 271; figured, . 512 Ford's ees v. 539. v. 045. —— — Galand - Kart v. 543. Ronalds's Early, v. 543. Stewart's Late, v. 550. George the Fourth, vi. 413. Dr. Graham's Freestone, vi. 412. Grosse Galande, Jaune, v. 547 Pêche Jaune alive v. 547, Hemskirk, v. 539 Hoffman's, vi. ATS Hoyte's Lemon rt aps vi. 414. Incomparable, v. 549 ——— Italian, v v. 539. Java, iv. 513; v. 271, 549. Kendall's Buenos Ayres, iv. 209 ; v. ————— — —— Lady Anne Stewart’s, vi. 414. Late Admirable, 2 S. iii. 63. pese. M elti ting, v. 553. Madeleine, Blanche, v. 540. d EN ve, v. 542. etites Fleurs, v. 541. [gea Tardive, v. 541. —— —— Magdalen, French, v. A Red, v. 542 of Miller, v. 539. White, v. XCV1i eens ii. 214, 217; v. 553. Kennedy's Lemon Clingstone, vi. 409. Magdaleine à Tore Fleurs, v. 541. à Pet Peach, Mallacoton, Early Yellow, vi. 411. ed, vi. 414. Malta, v. 539. Mammoth, vi. 410. Marlborough, v. 548. Mélecoton, v. 538. Grote v. 546. —— Jaune, v. 549. Mellish’s events. v. 539. 538. Mignonne, v. 543. Bu ckingham, v v. 543. Lord Fauconberg’ s, v. 542 French, v. 543. with small flowers, v. 553. Frisée, v. 544. Grosse, v. 544. Mignonette, v. 550. , — —— Montauban, v. 539. Morris's Red Freestone, vi. 410. White Freestone, vi. 410. Morrisania Pound, vi. 410. Mountaineer, v. 553. ——— — —— ——- raised between a peach and a nectarine, iv. 210. se asa rM ai and, y. 549. Zr (Pacher, v. 540. Nain hor Wy Willowlociek: Late, v. - New York | eae vi. 410. n Clingstone, vi. 4 elim, x; 546. INDEX. Peach, Nivette Veloutée, v. 546. —— —— Noblesse, ii. 142 ; v. 539. Noire de Montreuil, eae Nutmeg, Brown, v. Red, v. ty me White, v. 540. Old Royal Charlotte, v. 540. George, v. 544. Orange, i. 155; v. 547. "reestone, vi. 411. de Pau, ii. 62. Pavies, v. 535. Pavie "Astenivalilo v. 553. Alb v. 549. de Pomponne, v. 546. of Pomponne, Misco. 546. - Rouge, y v. 546. de Pomponne, v. 546. Tardif, v. 550. Péche d' Abricot, v. 541. ——— Pécherà à "Feuilles i m v. 545. à Fleurs Doubles, y. 541. 4T. de Persé, v. Persais ‘d’ Angoumois, v. 549. Persèque, v. 550. allongé, v. 550. E r me Re er ———— Philadelphia Freestone, vi. 411. Pine-Apple pes vi. 414. Portugal, v. 553. Pourprée, La, v. 550, 553. —————————- Hâtive, v. 547. Véritable, v. 544. —— ———— Tardive, v. 550. — Queen Charlotte, v. 553. Rambouillet, v. 553. Red Magdalen, v. 176, 177. — Red Mauros ii. 141, 142. Rossanna, 51. Reati. i 513; v. 551. xcevii —————— v. Nain à Fleurs Doubles, v. 547. v. 539. ros, v. 550. à Gros Fruit Blane, v. 538. 9. Peach, Bogs Paysanne, v. 539. — Roussanne, Petite, v. 551. Royal, v. 545. Charlotte, v. 540, 542. | ld, v. 540. George, i. 104; v. 542; 2S. ii. 63. Grimwood's, v. 543. New, v. 543. cod . 544. Stnooth-leaved, v. 944. Kensington, v. 544. with small flowers, v. 553. avy, v. 553. — —— Rumbullion, v. 553 —— — Saartye Mout, vi. 410 —— ——— St. Laurent Jaune, v. 551. ——— Sandalie hermaphrodite, v. 547. ——— Sanguinole, v. 540. —— ——— Saw-leaved, v. 540. — — — Serrated, vi. 412 — ——— Sion, v. 540. Spring Grove, ii. 215, 218; v. 553. Persian, v. 399, 558. — Sulhamstead, iv. 518 ; v. 553. Superb Royal, v. 544. — Swaleh, Double, v. 550. ect v. 550. Swalze, v. aig Phe Early, vi. 412. Teindou, v 5 Veloutée, v. 543. de Merlet, v. 543. Tardive, v. de Vigne, used by the French for budding upon, i. App. — — — Vineuse, v. 543, 547 e Fromentin, v. 544. Violet Hive; v. 546. Pears, vi. 496 ; 2 raisin varieties of, an object for which the TIC Society proposed to iA -— n ier hardy varieties of, 196. » varieties known to the m i. 153. INDEX. Pears, remarks on a new variety of, i. 178. on medlar stocks, vi. 546. medlar employed as a stock for, vi. 117. advantages of grafting on the quince, vii. 213. on the cultivation of an early and a late variety on the same tree, vi. 367. account of a collection xa from. the Luxembourg Garden at Paris from ringed trees, iv. 196. method. of keeping, ii. 399. account of some new seedlings raised by € Knight, vi. 446. — ——— on gathering -— vii. 94. Perce soil for, vii. 215. iei observations on grafts from, i. 60. verse grafted, v. 396 ; figured, 2b. ———— haiget. aiam of their blossom- buds, ii. 8. ————-— an Wa culture of, ii. 78. — moting the early fruitfulness of those taasi from seed, ii. 333. —— ————- observations on their treatment, ili. 150. on fertilizing their blossoms, v. 208. thinning their blossoms, v. 209. destruction of insects on, v. 77. pape v. 183. —— —— —— on two species of insects injurious to, 2 S. ii. i 104 — — — remarks on the pruning and training of, i. 236. ———— mode of pruning, iii. 152; figured, iii. 153. ————— how trained by the French, i. App. 8. the time it requires to attain ma- turity, i. € ration ofi ringing, i t-pruning, 2 S. ii.471. — — branches — de ie effects of root- pruning, figured, 2 S. ii —— —— Dwarf nih; a pruning and managing them, vii. 291. Pear, Achan, i x cr —— Amber, i 47. — Atibretté "Hiver y. ANS 4. ——— Amiré Roux, v. App. 4 — — d' Ananas, iv. 276. —— Ananas, v. App. 4. —— Angélique de dus v. App. 4. —— Angel's Pyre, v. App. 4. count of one subjected to the ope- ` ii. 269. Pear, Apple, figured, vii. 305. —— Archiduc d'Eté, v. App. 4. ——— d' Argent, v. App. 7. —— Aston Town, ii. 80, 81. experiment with, i. 181. ——— d’Auch, ii. 104, 161, 194; iii. 118. —— d' Austrassie, v. Ano. T —— Autumn Bergamot, ii. 210. of Bambriech, Yellow, figured, vii. 311. —— Barland, 2 S. i. Bayomont drm, v. App. 4. Beau Présent, v. App. 4. — ———— St. Bernard, v. App. 4. ——— Beauty of Monorgan, figured, vii. 318. ——— Belle et Longue, v. App. 4. Bellissime, v. App. 4. ae 2:8..1.-331. Belmont, 2 S. i. de Bel (il, Y. ere k Benvie, vii. 300. Autumn, vii. 301; figured, vii. 318. —— — —— Early Yellow, vii. 301; the tree figured, vii. 331. —— ————— Winter, figured, vii. 319. Yellow or cesis figured, vii. ell. Bequéne Musqué, 2 S. 1. 329; figured, 328. Bergamot, crossed with the St. Germain, 180. i. Easter, v. 130. Gansel's, v. p March, 2 S. ii Oakley Park, 2 e ii. 64.. Orange, v. 397. Ormskirk, v. 397. Winter (of. pm Clydesdale orchards), figured, vii. 323. York, v. 397. —— Bergamotte d' Automne, i ii. 43; figured, 42; v. 129. Brocas, v. App. 4. Bugi, ii. 43; figured, 42; v. 130. INDEX. Pear, Bergamotte de Pâques, v. 130, App. 5. ———— Paysans, v. App. 5. de Pentecóte, v. 4s 5. Quercy, v. App. 5 Ronville, v. App. 5. Rosea, ii. 47 ; figured, 42. Silvange, v. App. 5. de eyes v. 130, App. 5. uisse, li. 55; figured, 42; v. App. 5. Tardive, v. 134. des Bergers, v. App. —— Beurré, je with, i. 181. — ——— — dAfflighem, v. App. 5. d'Angleterre, v. App. 5. pus: picis v. 406, App. 5; figured, vii. 178 ; 2 S. iii. 63. — Blac, v. A pi d' Automne, v. 135. —— — — — Crappaux, v. App. 5. Diel, v. 410, App. 5 ; 28. iii. 63. 5. Doré, dit d' Ausson, v. App. g’ Hiver, v. 133. rte Rahoe, v. App. 5; figured, 129; described, 130. -Arre e v. App. 5. — Vert, v. App. 5. — — Bezi de Chaumont, *. 189, rug tnum ———— — (Bezi z d'Héri), ii. gured, ib ————— d Héri, 2 S. i. 329; figured, 328 ; v. 181, App. 5. — — —— de Montigny, v. — ———— de la Motte, v. re 5; figured, 123; described, 132 etin Vaet, 1 v. 266, 407, App. 5. | Seen Miren Bess. of Castle Menzies, figured, ~ Bla of Bogmill, vii. 300; figured, vii. Me Reds Petit, v. App. 7. —— Bon Sn ii 1 d leterre, v. App. 5. d'Auch, v. App. 5. d'Eté, v. App. 5. Xceix Pear, Bon Chrétien cee Doré, v. App. 5. d'Hiver, v. 132, App. 5. mer, v. 396. Summ Ture, v. "App. 5. —— Bonne-ente, v. 135. —— La Bonne Malinoise, iv. 276; v. 408; figured, v. 409. Bosch, v. App. 5. Bostonienne, v. App. 5 —— Bryan Edwards's, vi. 895. —— Bugi, v. 130. Busked Lady, 2 300 ; figured, 304. ee figured, vii vii. 331. ——— Cadillac, v. vo —— Calebasse, v. App. 5. ———————- d'Evéque, iii. 119. ———————— d'Hollande, v. App. 5. —— m Rosat, ii. 48 ; figured, 42; v. 397, p. 5. Cama d' Allemand, v. App. 5. Canivette, v. App. 5. —— Chandi ig, ii. 404. -—— Charis g Autriche, i ii. 404; iii. 120; iv. 521; v. App. Charlotte, v. App. 7 —— Charnock, vii. 299 ; figured, vii. Le roten - 50; figured, "n —— Chat Brulé, —— - Chanmontel, i ii. pA 253; v. 133; 2 S. vii. 327. —— Citron des Comes s y. m. 5. ——— Citronelle, v. App. 5. —— Clydesdale, red, vii. Colmar, ii. SU BL. a det; ii 118; y. 194, App. 5. experiment for combining the ualities of that pear with the hardiness of the Sw an's-egg, i. 179. à 0 INDEX. Pear, Colmar gestiens v. 407. E v. 267. nn Lipp. 5. Le Petit, v. App. 5. Colmart, v. ii Comperette pp. 7 Crassane, ii 81, 104, 105; v. 134. b ior with, i. 181. how it may be improved, i. App. 8. 2 S. 11. 119. Aye v. App. 6. r, 2 S. i. 108. Cressann (Cras) ii, 42; figured, 2b. Cramoisine, v. App. 5 Crawford, vii. 299 ; figured, vii. 313. —— Croft Castle, 2 S. ii. —— Crustuminum, of the Romans, v. 182. Cuisse Madame, v. App. 4 —— Délices d Ardenpont, y. App. 6. iana, 1. ads Red, figured, vii. 305. of Gourdie Hill, figured, vii. 322. T —— — Dillen, iii Donville, Dorothée (iy v. - App. 6. Double Fleur, v. 135. de culpe y i. 930; figured, 328. Krijg’s, iv. 277. Rousselet, v. App. 6. Downton, figured, 2 S. 1. 104. —— Doyenné, v. 135. Blanc, v. 135. pb vi 177; figured, v. 129; described, 136 : 114. —— Drummond, vii. 299 ; figured, vii. 309. — Duc d'Aremberg, v. 407. —— Duc de Berry, v. A —— Duchesse d'Angoulém éme, 2 S. mu. 63; figured, vii. 176. —— Duchesse de Mars, v. App. 6. —— Duncan, vii. 300 ; figured, vii. 320 — — Dunmore, 2 S. ii. 66. —— Dupré, v. App. 6. —— Early Christie, wey i. 307. —— Eastnor Castle, 2 S. i. 107; goin 104. —— Echasserie, ou "Poire d'CEuf, v y. App. 6. —— Elcho, g A ad figured, vii. 320 ; tree figured, vii. — ue Lodi of, ii. 1; figured, i5. Althorp, 2 S. i. 106; figured, Pear, Elton, always without seeds, i i1 —— Elshin Haft, figured, vii. 306. ——— Epine d’Hiver, v. A 6; v. 137. — L p= pa de Hyver, ii. .51; figured, 42. ewood, 2 S. ii. 66. —— —3- notius (la), v. App. 6. —— Figue, iv. 518; v. App. "iov of Monorgan, vii. . 300; figured, i. 918. NC ondante ris v. App. 6. ave, v. App. 6. Pariselle, v. App. 6. Forelle, v. 408 ; figured, v. 409. Fourcroy, v. App. 6. Foxley, 2 S. i. 103. Franchipane, v. 187; App. 6. ——— Franc-réal eae 2 gh 1. P331. ei ag : Gansel's iic ii. 104. La Garde d'Ecosse, v. 138. Garlick, of the "West Indies, v. 100. 03. ——— Gilogille, v. 138. ——— Glout Morceau, iv. 276; v. 407; 2S. ii. 105 ; 2 S. iii. 63; sm red, vii. 178. —— Gloutonne Dupuis, —— Gloux Morceaux (Glout Morceau), v App. 6. à Gobert, v. 188. Gold, or Gowd, Knap, vii. 302. of Castle Huntley, figured, vii. 316. MBs figured, vii. 308 ; tree figured, vii. figured, vii. 315. me inen Hill, Newbigging, figured, of Powgavie, figured, i. 315. — : Gelei Globe, aay vii. 317. —— Good King ii. 42; figured, 2d. ——- Goutte d'Or, v. fey 6. Governor ape s, vi. 418. rande y. App. Granibe; fid vii. 329. Gratiole, v. App. 6. —— — Green Cail Castock, figured, vii. 323. of Hill, figured, vii. 329. of Yair, i v 214 ; figured, vii. 308. y Beurbé, i ii. 104. —— Gre meu. Grey Good Wife, figured, vii. 307. vii. 316. i INDEX. Pear, Grise de Cassiemari, v. App. 7. —— Gros Blanquet, v. App. 6. tec Muscat, Gros Palentin, v. App. 6. omain, v. App. 6. Grosse are ii. 42; figured, i5. ————— ue (la), v. App. 6. Sig yas vii. 310. i. 50. — Incommunicable (T), v. App. 6. Inconneau, ii. 43 ; geri 42. Inconnue la Fare; v. vy. 140. Iron, vii. 308. Jargonelle, v. App. 6. des Jemiti. Y. App. 4. ——— de Jesus, v. App. 7 Josephine, v. App . 6. — Kilwinning, figured, vil. 327. —— Knevett's, iv. 518. Knight’ s, iii. 119 —— Krijg's Double, E S. i. 330. —— Kumelbirne, Franzósische, 2 S.1. 329. —— Lammas, — vii. 314. —— de Lemon, v. 135. Lodge, figured, vii. 307. Longueville, vii. 299. Louise Bonne, i. 227; ii. 43; figured, 42; v. App. 6. de Louvain, v. App. 7. — Madame Verte, v. App. 6. Mackray, figured, vii. 330. — mein o» v. App. 6. Maiden, ii. 4 | of Zantoignes i ii. 47. — Marie Loven i ii. 404 ; iii. 120; vii. 176; - figured, iv. 519. Maradone i ii. 42; fi Martin Sec, v. 138, pp- a ice v. 188. ————— de Provence, v. App. 6. sri d’ Hol ii 51. oo (la), v. App. 6. Meet d Hiver, v. App. 6. de la Nature, v. App. 6. Messire Jean, v. X ——— Milanoise, v. App. 6. EER a Cuvelier, v. App. 6. ed; ib. 104. ci Pear, Mouille Bouche, v. App. 6. — — Muirfowl Egg, figured, vii. 309. ep vii. 330. e, figured, vii. 319. —— Muscat, Allemande, v. App Robert, ii. 47; kaare 42; v. App. 6. ——— Muscatel, v. 397. —— — Musked Summer Bon Chrétien, ii. 251. Napoléon, ii. 404 ; iv. 215, 520; v. App. 6; 2 S. iii. 63. —— Neige, v. 135. —— Neill, 2 S. i. 63. de N oirchair, y. App. 7 —— Orange ri Eté, v. z- App. 6. ——— Hirer, v. far 6; figured, v. 129; diisibod v. 139 — ————— Nouvelle, v. . App. 6. ——————— Verte, ii. 45; — 42. Paddington, i 104 ; v. —— Palentin, v. App. 6. —— Passa Tutti, v. App. 6. asse Colmar, v. 410; v. App. 6; 2 S, —————— iii. 63. Gris de Precel, v. 410. t Pr ecel, v. App. 7. Madeleine, spurs of, figured, 28. 473. ome - Pastorale v. App. Peasmeal pock, guod, vii. 911. Paa Gi, v. App. 7 Petit Krijg’ s, iv. STT. uscat, ii. 51; figured, 42. ; fi Poire-Manne, v. 134. de Vin, v. App. 7. Pome e, ll. Portail du Poitou, v. App. 7. Poundie, or Pound, serit vii. 323. —— Pow Meg, vii. vii. 930 ; tree —— Pucelle, v. — Pucelle, de Saintonge, v. 188. INDEX. Pear, See. à by eels v. yee if —— Rameli; v. App. 7. —— Red, of Busie, vii. 300 ; "dote yii. 314. m ,' 280; 5 fighived, ih yenné, account of, of the Leys, figured, vii. 316. App. 7. Reine Caroline, v. il. Rouse Lench, figured, 2 S. i. 104. ——— Rousselet d'Hiver, v. App. 7 de ims, v. À —— - 0, App. 7. Russelet de re h PE A de Rheims), Rhe ipp. 7. Royale d' MES (var. of the Robine), v. 7. iver, v. ii. 43; figured, 4 ii. 48. — St. oath il v. A: 7. — de St. ci v. MEA —— St. Fra 140. St. Carmi d 180, 181, 182, 226, 227 ; ii. 78, 81, 161; v. 140, Ap pp. Uved ales 2S. ii. 110. r Silvange, arly ag um Green, v. 429, 430. 429. ng, v. Yellow, v. 429. 'omelier de Claizon, v. App. 7. spice, vi. 41 stewing kinds, figured, 2 S. i. 328. arbem of the West Indies, v. 100. le Sucré, v. App. 7. cii Pear, Sucré Rouge, v. mee: T. — — Sucré Verte, v. App. 7 E Loaf, "Yellow, figured, vii. 317. — Super Fondante, v. App. 7. Swan's Egg, i. 104, 161, 195, 210; vii. 94. experiment with, i. 179. Green, figured, vii. 326. Red, figu red, vii. 325. Tena d . 130. —— Thrifty, ime vii. 314. Tillington, iv. 521. Trout, v. 408. Urbaniste, v. 411, App. 7. Uvedale (Uvedale' s St. Germain), i ii. 53 ; figured, 42 Uvedale’s St. Germain, ii. 104. b as Franche, Spurs of, figured, 2 S. 413. Sa me v. App. 7 Volemum, of the omans, v. 133. — Wall Pole, vii. 306 ; figured, vii. 326. —— Whitfield, 2 S. i. 108. ser VV RO rle, figured, ce respect- ing the age of the original -— iii. 357. - Windsor, i iv. 518. —— Winter | p ii. 42; figured, ib. Nelis, spurs of, figured, 2 S. ii. 413. "brad ——————— Ricke hase] vii. 325. Wormsley root 2 S. i. 105. —— Worry, vii. da figured, 321. —— Yut bee v. App. 7 Pearl-ash, 2 S. iii ein PEARSON, Mr. Joun, vii. 470; 2 S. ii. 180. Pease Earth-nuts, ii. Pêches lisses, v. 531. Violettes, v. 535. Pedda Caanrew (Telinga ), v. 120. Peganum Harmala, 2 S. ii. 241, 219. Pedicularis canadensis, vi. 295. INDEX. PERESO, i. 46. Pelargoniums, vi. 438. hybrid varieties of, iv. 46: mode of preserving, during win- ter, those planted out in the open s iv. 414. Pelargonium seed iv. 46. ———————— citriodorun, i iv. 46. experi rimented on e the application of oxygen to the soil, i. 233. Pé-leang-kin, vi. 485. ua rur cdd E James, iv. 341, 345, zi. 470. Pe , iv. 463. Pentadesma bolytédfa, v. 457. PENTLAND, - . plant received from, 2 3. ii. 419 2 S. 11. 461. Pentzia flabelliformis, 28 i; 371. Pentstemon imberbis, 2 S. iii. 120. PEPLOER, SAMUEL, Wy sx LTS: Peppermint, 2 S. iii. Pepys, W. H, Esa ir 158; 2 S. iii. 35. Peramium repens. Pergularia odoratissima, vii. 392. —— ——— sanguinolenta, vi. 72. Perilla polysadiras vi. 216. Perim-kara, v. 120. Peristeria "eri 2 S. iii. 136. 434, eie 1s Esq., vi. 394. Pernettia mucronata 2 S. ii. 285. — piles, 3 bg il. —— Perrin, Mr. W., 178. pec DCUM dm by one tree, 2 S. |i. orientalis, vii. 41. ERSOON RS, v, Esq., v. 486. PETERSEN, Mr. Jens Perer, on the — tion of celeriae as practised in in Denmark an Germany, vi. 419. ipe TR on the eultiva- tion of horse radish, 2 S. i. 9l. PeTIVER, vii. 520. D Lord, vii. 529. Petrocarya, v. 452. Petolo depictum, 2 S. iii. 154. PETTIWARD, RoGER, e ii. 336; vi. 139. Prxrrrzn, Dr., 2 S. ii. 470. Phacelia Tapa Chains 2 S. i. 479. Phædranassa obtusa, 2 S. iii. 156. Phaius grandifolius, i. 299. Phalangium esculentum, iv. 445. ———— nepalense, vi. 276, 211. Phaseolus m vi. 55. ———— vi. 55. Phaylopsis pee ifolia, xà Puetres, Rev. Wa ILLIAM, description of an im- proved pit for pepa cucumbers, melons, and other vegetables, b i the use of steam iiad of stable dung, v. 353. his yum for pro- PEU. wall-trees from the effects of frost, Phidelyhus mexicanus, 2 S. iii. Purs, Mr. Gener on - cda of the Bignonia venusta, 2 — Mr. soca vi. 578. ———— Mr. "n v. 316. Phillyrea latifolia, 2 S. ii. 278. — — ——— media, 2 S. ii. 244. ———— obliqua, 2 S. ii. 244, 278. smarinifolia, 2 S. 1i. 278. — ——— hemina Phlomis fruticosa, 2 S. 1. 279, ——— ferruginea, 2 S. ii. 279. Phoenix (— vi. 44. Phormium tenax, vii 40; 2 S. iL 244, 256. Phosphate of ammonia, 2 S. iii. 58, 64, 66, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 97, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206. Phosphates, earthy, 2 S. iii. 54, 189. Phosphate of lime, 2 S. iii. 70, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 194, 195. ——— of soda, el ar nien tas 192. Phosphoric acid, 2 S. iii. 36, 4 1, 50, 51. Photinia — 2 S. n. és 251. 28. ii y 255. ium dichotomum, å i. | cd rg wire lep 2 S. i. oe i Erie eei S. m. 15k - corusca, vii. lacca decandra, iv. 444. Pic du Midi, elevation of, and number of ve- -getable species found there, i. 18, 19. INDEX. Pine-apple, wn s ber FS: i. a — —— Ans Pieridium, ke Pi vi. 583. ——— 583. Piers of pues walls: iv. 269; figured, 270, 272, 273. Prerarp, M. Cuarzes Francis, note on the pears called Silvanges, and particularly on e Silvange verte, v. 4 Pigeons’ one, its use in the formation of liquid manure, iv. 412. es Hulk Yellow ies amm luteus), 453. Piae v. p Pina Pinguicula gran, vi. 405. —————— lusitanica, vi. Pine, Cembra, a native of the Swiss Alps, i. MA P Pueri 2 ax iii. 128, 148, 157. —— ——— production of seeds i in this climate, iv. 534. —— —— —— description of a mode of culti- vating, iv. 3863, — — ulti tivation of, iv. 543 ; v. 142, 393; vi. 235; vii. 409 ; 2 S. i. 388. ——Á— e of, without eek or other hot-bed, iv. 72. — — ———— Mr. Dall’s mode of culture, vii. 184 — ————- method of growing by dung-heat ina deg: vi. 11 ———À—— eod gi treating the plants so as to make them fruit within the year, iv. 392. — ————— grown in a frame with the heat of leaves alone, v. 486 —————— comparative effects of light in summer and winter on the plants to gene- temperature, v. e eflects of high and of low tem- vii. 409. asas dh ipis conjectures on the time when they were — werefimt grown in England, i. 150. — — — —— raised in greater perfection in this than in ce agris country, i. 150. — Vie. described, iv. 533; iR] iv. ps v. 395. — plants, mode of treating large, iv. 555. upplying with fresh soil whilst the fruit is swelling, iv. 556. e of steam employed as a means of bottom ie for, iv. 408. — — — —— classification of species and va- rieties, 2 S. 1. 2. —— — —— report upon its varieties, 2 S. i. 1. civ ———: 33. 2 S. i. 5, 15, 20, 22. Antik: Black, 2 S. i. 5 15, 26, Brown, 2 S. i. 13, 26. Copper-coloured, 2 S. i. Green, 2 S. i. Jagged-leaf Black ? s. Lemon, 2 S. i. 15. Lord Efinghan s, 2S. i. Smooth, 2 S. 1. 8. Smooth-leaved, 2 S. i. 8. Gre en, 2 Bahama, Bird's-eye, 2 ove i. 23. i. 23. Barbadoes, Black, 2 k Co nor 258. Lemon-coloured, 2 S. i 19. White, 2 S. 1. 19. Blood, 2 S. i. 5, 32. Blood-red, iv. 214; 2 S.-i; 5, 32. Bo a 16. Caraile, Black, 2 S. i. i Yell ow 2 S. i. oe Claret, 2 S. i. Cochineal, 2 s 3 416. Cockscomb, 2 S. i. 17, 25. St. Vincent's, 2 S. i. Russian, 2 S. i. 5, 29. Copper, 2 S. i. 16. Copper-coloured, 2 S. i. 11. Crown, 2 S. i. 27. Old, 2 S. i. 25. Spring Grove, 2 S. i. 5, Sugar-loaf, 2 S. i. 25. Fisherwick, Striped Globe, 2 S. i. Globe, 2 S. i. 5, 1 Buck's Seedling, 2 S. i. 5, ee ea i. 13, 19. eae p ^n 28. Geisa, 2 8. i INDEX. Pine-apple, Green-leaved, with ecran stripes and spines on the edges, 2 S. i. 23. — — — —— Havanna, 2 S. i. 4, 7, 8. Brown, i. 8. Downton, 28, ~g 4, 13. Green, 2 S. i. 9. Smooth, 2 S. i. 4, 9. * "Ata 2 S. i. — Hussar, 2 S. i. Indian Black, 2 s i. 28. Creole, 2 s i. 16. Jamaica, 2 S. 1. la Pr rs APIS New, 2 S. 1. 4, 13. New Black, P pi E s Java, Broad-leaved, 2 S. i. Green ch ; Narrow-leaved, ilL 18, 33. Dre vr 2 S. i. 13. Lapete, 2 S. 1. 8. Lord Bagot s Seedling, 2 S. i. Malacca, 2 S. ; $e Mocho, 2 S. i — Montserrat; pas i. 7i 11, 13, 16, 28. Heaton House, D S. New Providence, of large size, Olive, Green, 2 S. 1. 18. New Green, 2 S. i. 17. Striped-leaved, 2 S. i. 31. Prince of Wales' Laud. 2 S.1.14. Striped, 2 S. i. 14. Providence, some dart re- specting those grown at Pun. v. 206. —— — — — Providence, 2 S. i. een r 5.15, I1; Pine-apple, Providence, Wollaton, 2 S. i. 17. Green, 2 S. i 27, Queen, 2 S. i. 5, 29, 32. notice dy dod exhibited, iv 59, Anson's, 2 S. i Antigua, 2 S. i. wi A Narrow-leaved, 2 S. i. Old, 2 S. i. 29. Purple- Hip, 2 S. i. 23. Ripley's, 2 S. i. 5, 30. New, 2 S. i. 19. 28.1 . 90. Silyer-striped, 2 S. i. 5, 31. Striped, 2 S. i. 5, 31. ——— ——— Ribbon Grass, 2 3 — —— — Ripley, 2 S. i. 5, 8, 28, 33. New, 2 S: i i. 16. Old, 2 S. i. 28. Red, 28:4.'16. Ripley’s, 2 S. i. 8. Queen, iv. 73; 2 S. i. 5,90... t —— — — —— Russian Globe, y. 265; 2 S. i. 5, 28. St. Kitts, 2 S. i. 13, 16. omas's, 2 S. 1. 18. Vincent" r Gramps 25.1415 8, 33. Miu ^ 2 S.i i. 18. Scarlet, 2 S. i. Brazi z 2 S. i. 6. Sierra Leone, v. 461, 463. 2 Ad Chorilier 8, E S. Silver-striped, vi = i. 14, 31. d Pink, 2 28i from Surinam, 2 S. —— Sumatra, 2 S. i. Striped-leaved, end Jamaica, 2 s. a i red m E Si -loaf, Antigua, 1 n ane 2811 Black, 2 S. i. 5, 2 e A i. 23. 21. E 18. Me Mealy-leaved, 2 S. 1. 10. New, 2 S. i. 10. Prickly, 2 S. i. 27 Royal, 2 S. i. 17 : Royal Green, 2 S. Edd White, 2 S. i. 4, 10, 34. ev 22, 28, 33. p INDEX. Pine-apple, Sugar-loaf, Brown-leaved, 2 S. i. 5, 21. Brown-striped, 2 S. i. 21, 23. Green-striped, 2 S. i. 23. Green, 2 S. i. 22, 23. Mealy-leaved, 2 S. i. 5, 22. New Mealy-leaved, 2 S. i. 22. Orange, 2 S. i. 4, 12. Prickly Striped, 2 S. i. 23. Smooth-leaved, 2 S. i. 10. St. Vincent's, 2 S. i. 11, 13. Striped, 2 S. i Striped-leaved, m S. i. 5, 23. b ME E Ld Striped Smooth-leaved, 2 S. i. 4, 10. rei 2.8.1. 22, 28. Surinam, 2 S. 1:-5;-90. Stri ae 28. i. 4, 14. Tawny, 2 S. i. Trinidad, 2 S. T Trooper's Helmet, 2 S. i. 5, 17 Waved-leaved, 2 S. i. Welbeck Seedling, iv. 213; 2 8. i. 5, 27 ——— Wild, of Sierra Leone, 2 S. i. 15. — Wo ortley’ s West Indian, 2 S. i. 26. Pine-houses, remarks on, i. a house and pits, description of, v. 499. —— and melon pit, v. 233. pit, Bie of one, vii. 87; figured, vii. 8 ———— s, v. 220; elevation, plan and section of, v. E 222. — pits, heated b by leaves only, vi. 111. UL mode of heating by steam, figured, vi —— ——— in ths Society’s Garden, vi. 383. ——— stove, by roges: suggested in its con- struction, v ——— aec of Mr. Jenkins’ s, iv. 964. Umm WILLIAM, Esq., vi 3 vi. 520. n their cultivation, 1 iv. 451. Pinus is enia. 2 S. iii. 124, 128. \yacahuite, "p E 198, 181, 135. i S. i canariensis, 2 $i ii. s» 210. Qoiübin 1. iie embra, i. App. 17. Clanbrasiliana, vi. 496. Pinus Devoniana, 2 S. iii. 127. excelsa, 2 S. ii. 244, 265. filifolia, 2 S. iii. en halepensis, 2 S. ii. 244, 279. Hartwegii, 2 S. iii. "123, 138, 145. insignis, 2 S. i. 244, 251. Larix, iv. 4 with red or pink flowers, iv. 416. from the Tyrol, with white flowers, 16. Lambertiana, 2 S. ii. 244. leiophylla, 2 S. ii. 362; ; ii. 122, 123, mm iS iv. Lemoniana, figured, $295.11 51: Llaveana, 2 S. ii. 244, 351; sai. 194. longifolia, 2 S. ii. 944, 265. macrocarpa, 2 S. ii. 262. maritima, vi. microcarpa, iv 416 mitis, 2 S. ii. 2 262. sylvestris, i. App. 1 Teocote, 2 S. ii. 399; 2 S. iii. 126, 127. €—— 2 S. iii. 141. Pisang Dingen, v. 84. ———— Gab a Gabba, v. 84. TIEREN ——— 455. Pishanna (Telinga, v. 120. Piso ; vi. Pistacia Linsen vi. as Met 2 S. ii. 979. narbonensis, 2 S. i 9. Terebinthus, vi. 39; 2 S. ii. 279. 279. Pitaya, 2 S. iii Pit, pyictiotes s * Melon, vi. 385. PrTCAIRN, Dr., 8. Pitcairnia bráckéati, B, i i. 269. staminea, vi. ————— sulphurea, Ei 269. Pit; — e vi. 387. — — Buck’s, vi. 384. for early rise figured, v. 493. forcing, iv. 220; figured, iv. 223. for fruiting Pines and Melons, described, iv. 533; plan of, 555. INDEX. Pit and Stoves ted by fire and steam, vi. 440 ; figured, vi. 445. Mr. Knight's Melon and Pine, v. 223; section and plan of, v. 226. — M‘Phail’s Melon, vi vi. for plants, heated by dung i in the Garden of the Society, vi. 382. Protecting, in the Garden of the Society, vi. 375. Seott's, vi. 384. steam, Count Zubow’s at St. Peters- burgh, iii. 430. for Winter and early Spring Forcing, vi. 425; figured, 428. Pittosporum Tobira, vii. 36 ; 2 S. ii. 244, 254. Prace, Francis, Esq., vi. 64, 82, 88, 93, 94, 96, 98, 278, 283, 291, 295, 296 ; vil. 52, 247, 249, Plantago nivalis, 2 S. i Plantain, 2 S. iii. 128, nr i ; 83, 465. Otaheite, 2 S. iii. 157. — Pacifico, 2 S. iii. 157. Plants, remarks on manuring, i. 6 their tendeney to adapt themselves to the climate in which they are placed, i. in pots, on the application of manure e to them in a liquid form, ii. 127. preparation and ea ag) a of during a voyage from India, 2 S. i. 140. transportation of, from China, iii. 421. box for protecting them during sea voyages, figured, v. 199. tender, method of protecting, v. 365. Chinese, how to import them, vii. 396. — packing of in foreign countries, v. 192. — - m pots, remarks on as regards exposure of the sides of the pots to the air, vii. 258. collected by Mr. Hartweg, 2 S. iii. - enumeration of some containing nitrie acid, 2 S. i Plaster of Rx kitchens much esteemed as a Platanus cuneata, vi. 496. occidentalis, vi. 495. orientalis, vi. 496. of immense size, vi. 44. PrAvuTUs, , 434. . WILLIAM, apple exhibited Tia heteromalla, vi Puiny, ii. 139; iii. 2; eas i 29: iv. 453; cvii v. 63; vi. a 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 45, 49, 50, 52, 5 PLINY, his at of the apricot, i. 152. his account of Tiberius’s culture of the cucumber, i. 148. Plough, Chinese, v. 50. PLUKENET, vi. 348. Plum, vi. 496. an object for which the Horticultural Society proposed to fot a Pone. i, App. 2. proposed met raising new va- rieties of, i., A ——— classification T its varieties, iv. 323. many varieties possessed by the Ro- mans, i. 153. numerous varieties of derived from the sloe, i. 2, 26. on forcing, iv. 531. description of a new seedling, iii. on qualities of newly raised fruits e plified in, vi. ; seedlings raised by Mr. Knight, vi. 529 ; pug, x o9. ount Ws ew variety, Knight's, No. 6 (the Ickworth sino 251 93. varieties preferred for forcing, iv. 531. tree, dwarfed, much esteemed by the Chinese, iv. 231. Le ae. Knight’s experiments on, i. 248. pruning and training, iv. 426. ———— the length of time it requires to at- tain maturity, i. 39. Plum, riens (Apricot), i iii. Ape 24, 27. lack (Vitex umbrosa), v. 455. cb ii. 402. iva i. 366. ——— Chinese 239. Coe’s Golden Drop, i. 182; ii. 254; 2 53. m a account of, i. 182. dt differant colours on the same branch, vi. — — — Common, of the West Indies, v. 99. Country, v. 90. Damascena, a variety so named among the Romans, i. mascus Apt) i iii. App. 24. Damson, bere i. 1 , iii. 363. i. 155. b A. 8; ii. 161, 285; p2 INDEX. Plum, Green Gage, origin of the name, i. App. 8. said to be improved by PE on an Apricot or Peach stock, 1. App. 8. probably derived from the Sloe, iii. 87. Isleworth, iii. 362. Hog, v. 90, 450, 451. of the "West Indies, v. 99. — Icaco (Chrysobalanus Icaco), v. 453. Ickworth Impératrice, figured, 2 S. ii. 522. Imperial Diadem, iv. 208. agnum Bonum, Yellow, ii. 214; v. ———— Nectarine, i ii. 402; iv. 207; 2 S. iii. 63. — ——— Pear, i. 155. Red Magnum Bonum, ii. 161. Reine Claude, i. App. 8. : Rough- cay. or Gray (Parinarium excelsum), v. ww Pigeon (Chrysobalanus ellipti- cus), v Seni of the West Indies, v. 99. Sugar, of Sierra Leone, v. 454. —— Wheat, i. 155. Wilmot’s New Early Orleans, figured, iii. 392. Orleans, iii. 362. Yellow mean Re Bonun, ii (Spondias myrobalanus), v. 450. Stock, height attained by a seedling in a single season, ii. 127. Plumbago capensis, 2 S. ii. 271. Pruwizn, Father, v. 95; 2S. i his account of the early state of the Tuberose, i. 46. first discovered the Myro- broma fragrans, i. 295. Pocock, Dr., account of a Fig-tree introduced b him, i iii. 433. . 160. P virginica, a, Vii. 2 Poles Mitigui, vii Podocarpus macros, 3 S. ii. 255. Sens pendula, vi. n, Rev. "Mts. vi. 160. Poirée, ii ii. 272, 283. ——— à Carde Blanche, i iii. 284, Jaune, iii. 284. e, iii. 284. — Grosse Blanche, ii iii. 285. Poiret, v. 26, 27. Porrgav, M., iii. 884; v. 141; vii. 165, 166. ——— — S ptical table of Peaches and Nectarines ind Ton i. 386. — URPIN, i. 230; v. 136. Porreau and Turris, their magnificent work on Fruit-trees, i. 230. their mcg of the Red Doyenné Pear, i. 231 PorrTEviN's manure, 2 S. iii. 97, —— ————— disinfected iiie: 2 S. iii. 97. concentrated manure, 2 S. iii. 97. Poke, iv. 444. Pots, reece iii. 455. aid to have imported a tree growing in id archbishop's der xt Lambeth, i. 156. Polianthes tuberosa, or Tuberose, cano description, and figure of, i. 41, 4 Pollen, observations respecting, i. 105, 106. me remarks on its supposed influence in cross-breeding, v. 377 how distributed in cherry-houses, i. 151. —— retention of its fertilizing powers, iv. 27. Pottock, Capt., 2 S. ii. 170. Poro, Marco, v. 119, 122. Polyanthus, Black, iv. 19. ————— Narcissus, Si Polygala grandiflora, 2 S. ii. 27 L 2 UR fati ifolia, 2 S. ii. 271. — —— myrtifolia, 2 p“ : 271. speciosa, 2 211. Polygonum volcabiétm, 2 a iii. 135. Polypodium oat iii. — — — crassifolium, iii. Jj sn. anum, iii. 340, 341. ecum effusum, iii. 341. gigat ili. 339, 341. 3 M M oe AS Polyspora axillaris, vii Polystachya maid 2 S. iii. 116. cap vi. 279. Poma ll up aur Pobadidkis "ipia, 2 S. ii. 240, 249. Pome d .111; v. 123; 2 S. i. 465; 2 S. iii. 239. — ——— ——— (of Sierra Leone), v. 459. Poet, vi. 37. Pomi d'oro, iii. 344. Pomme d'Adam ( agni iii. App. 15. de Cannelle, — —— de Liane, i ii. um Pomi del Peru, i iii. 844. ——— Sauvage, iv. 566. Pomo d'Adamo, iii. App. 15. Pontederia oenm 2 p E 262. —— ——— cordata, 2 S. n. INDEX. Ponthieva petiolata, g^ firs P Taie ii. Poolasan Poo.e, Mr Sedi iv. 333. Poonz, Sir Epwarp, observations on the cul- tivation of stove plants, vii. Populus grandidentata, vi. 496. Porlieria hygrometrica, 2 S. ii. 285. PonTraAND, Duke of, vii. 263. Portakal Cavac, Vi. B. Portogallo, iii. P 16. Potash, 2 S. iii. 36. Potato, 2 S. ii. 938 2 S. ii. 156 ; vi. 497. its introduction to England, i. 8. to Ireland, 1. 9. on the time of its introduction, 1. 8. the raising new and early varieties of, an object for which the Horticultural Society proposed premiums, i. App. 1, names by which it was formerly known, 10. LS observations on raising new and early varieties of, i. experiments on its culture, i. 153. produce of a given portion of ground, 89. i. sets should be placed with their lead- ing buds upwards, iv. observations on the culture of, i. 187. culture of in hot-beds, i remarks on some early varieties, and the best method of forcing them, i. 244, 245. r. Knight's method of manuring for an cae crop, 1. 249, 250. forced, account of a method of grow- 144. ing, ii. —— cultivated for winter use in Cornwall, li. 75. beneficial results of uomen those which mare grown late in the preceding year, il. — —— young, notice of modes of obtaining them, iii. 122, 123. — —— experiment to ascertain the relative pro- duce when — d single or double drills, or in beds, i iii. = culture of, vii. 105: 2 S. 1. 415. — —— young, modes of continuing a supply of through the year, iii. 48. cultivated in China, v. 50. ighest E of cultivation on the Andes, 2 S. iii. account ri an economical method of obtaining very early crops, 2 3 vital union and community of circulat- ing fluid between the old tuber and the plant which has sprung from it, iv.-449. cix Potato, remarks on the origin and cure of a disease to which it is liable, i. 192. url, a disease of, remarks on its origin and cure, i. 191, 1 — oits prevention, i ii. 64. Mr. Crozier’s method of prevent- ing, i. 192. practice in Cornwall of obtaining fresh sets from a granite soil, ii. 75. Mr, Sherbrooke’s method of raising young erp in the winter months, i. ca at produce of per aere, 2 S. i. experiments in the Garden of Aa So- ciety, with the view of ascertaining the rela- tive productiveness from tubers and sets, 2 S. i. 445. ——— n respecting its culture, 2 S. i. 524; 2 S. ii. 156.. experiments with, 2 S. ii inorganic constituents of, 3 ri iii. 50." Ash-leaved Kidney, vii. 407. Blue-red Marbled, 2 S. 1. 155, 158. Bread-fruit, 2 S. i. 451; 2 S. iii. 60. Champion. 2 S. i. eei 451, 453. Chapman's, 2 S. iii Cornichon Jaune at la Parmentier, 9 S. 1. 155, 158. La Déaénérée, 2 S. 1. 155, 156, 158, 159. La Divergente, 2 S. i. 155, 156, 158, 161, 451. Downton Yam, 2 S. 1. 157, 451. — —— Dunmore Kidney, 2 S. i. 452, ———early, method of raising in the open ground, iv. 447. - Flat White, 2 S. i. 155, 158. - Manley, 2 S.i 155, 158, 449, 450, 453; 2 S. in. 60. Kidney, 2 S. i. 155, 158. Walnut-leaved, 28.1. 155, 158, à Feuilles de Haricot, 2. S. 1 155, 158, 451. Fox's Seedling, i. 213. ou 25.1 155, 158. de Holland, 2 S. i. 155, 1 de Hollande vs 2 y i. . 155, 158. Jaune Blanche, 2 S. i. 155, 158. Fogi Long Red, 2 S. i 155, 156, 158, 15 Kidney, Salmon-coloured, 2 S. i. 155, 157, 158. INDEX. Potato, Kleine Mauschen, 3h 5421. ee ERR s, Nos. 2, 12, 17; 2 S. i. 451. : Nos . 20, 21, 24 ; 28.1 . 452, i60. Lady's Finger, 2 8. ii Lankman’s, vii. 405. Red, 2 S. i. 155, 158, 447, 451. Lord Salisbury’s Round White, 2 S. i. 51. — ——- Mouse, vi. 571 Old Ane 2 s i. 155, 158. — —— Onion, 2 S. i e Oxnoble, d iii. uU. 2 S. i . 157. — ——- Philadelphia, 2 S. i. 155, 158. Pied Golden, vi. 57 et Pine Apple, or Cone, vi. 572. Pink-eyed Scotch, 28.i i. - 449, 450, 453. Purple Kidney, 28.i 452; 28. iii. 60. Red Apple, iii. 124. Nosed Kidney, 2 S. i. 449, 450, 453. Salmon-coloured Kidney, 2 S. i. 451. Schair, 2 S. i. 452. of Shakspere, iii. 365. Shaw, 2 S. i. 155, 158, 449, 450, 453. Spanish. Dwarf, vi oi Sweet, iii. 365 ; 2 S. iii. 245. introduc M Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins, i E IL n England prior to the introduction of p potato (Solanum tu- berosum), i. c m attributed to it, 1. 11. method of pones digging up, and keeping it in France, i., App. 9 Violette de M. Segeret 28. i. 155, 158. of Virginia, i i. 10; v. 249. Wellington, 2 S. i 155, 157, 158. — ——- Wild, on the native country of, v. 249 ; pa dare of in the Garden of the Society, v. Yellow, 2 S. i. 155, 158. Patatas del Peru, v. 251. Potentilla andicola, E S. in. 157. Poterium LR ine vi. 46. Tlorvgiov, vi Pothos cordata, i M — —— feetida, Pot for vus us Ser Kale, fi Pots, Nireniage of using sma iii. 129. —— Garden, observations pon the most ad- vantageous form of, iii. — forms of, fi iii. 390. Ports, Mr. Joun, iv. ref; v. 421; vi. 66, 69, 80, 263, 264, 268, 323; vii. 25, 29, 50, 51, 95, 59, 548. ne i. 18. ] in some cases, Potting, chips z mong employed in, iv. 441. Po-tsy, 2 S. iii Povurzrr, E i. 27. POWELL, Davip, Esq., on a method of secur- ing the scion when fitted to the stock in grafting, v. 284. er notes on the utility of the grafting wax (p. 284), v. 376. 2e Earl of, vi. 5433 vii. 254, 255; 2 S. ii. fruit of the Custard Apple sent by him to the Society, v. 402 Poyntz, WILLIAM STEPHEN, Esq. zi iv. 210. tice of a White Nectarine grown in his KERA iv. ITezxoxiz, iv. 368. Precocia, iv. 368. Prasca, vii. 262. Precet, M., v. 410. Premiums proposed to be given by the Horti- cultural Society to persons producing new varieties of fruits, i. Prescotia plantaginea, vi. 84. Preserving fruit in a fresh state, secret of pos- sessed by e Chinese, v. 122. Press, Mr., vii. 550. PRESTON, Sr Ronznr, v. 393; vii. 532, 539; 28.u Prickly Ro Vi of, ii. 238. Priest iy, Dr., 12 Primo Citronier Cdi i. 362. Primrose, iv. 19. m minima, vi. 405. Primula helvetica, iv. 19. ———— nivalis, iv. 19. pusilla, vi. 405. sinensis, vi. 80. Swiss, iv. 19. ——— _ viscosa, iv. 19. Prince, Mr. WiLiAM, vii. 242; 2 S. i. 255. ——— — — fruit trees received. m, 2 S. il. 415. Prinos canadensis, vi. 496. verticillata, vi. 496. Ph crucis, vi. 268. Pronvitte, M., observations KA on budding or grafting roses as standards, v. 492. v.g of trees by Paid ES summer, Prosopis siliquastrum, 2 S. ii. 285. X | RT repe or asparagus, sea kale, &c., 2 S.i 5i fiume, 165, 166, 167, 168. r fruit trees on Walla, vi ii 76; figured, "E 7 9. Protecting pits for tender plants, v. 365. Protectors, wicker, for tender plants, vii. 91. INDEX. Proyart, Abbé, v. 92. Prune, supposed to be the same fruit as the Damascena of the Romans, i 1.153. Prunella vulgaris, 2 S. i. 466. Pruning of dwarf standard apple and pear trees, vii. of fruit tees, 2 S. ii. 511. the Golden Pippin, vi. 540. of roses to make them flower in autumn, vi. 320. ——— of standard apple and pear trees, i. 236. of transplanted standard trees, iii. 157. remarks on, as regards the peach tree, i. 81, 82. of the vine injudiciously, effects of, 2 i. 102. Prunus Armeniaca, iv. 368. cerasus, vi. Mahaleb, iv. 567. paniculata, vi. 90, 91. pseudo-cerasus, vi. 90, 91. upon its culture, vii. 180. salicifolia, 2 S. ii. 154. — —— salicina, vii. 239. serrulata, vii. 238 sibirica, iv. 368. Psidium Cattleyanum, iv. 315; figured, 316; v. 125; 2 S. ii. 285. phyllireoides, v. 105. pomiferum, v. 87. pyriferum, v. 86, 87, 449. S. iii. 157. cretica, iii. 339, 341. grandifolia, i iil. "341. hastata, i nana, 2 S. ii. Punsn, Mr., iii. 27, fori vii. 245, 275; 2 S. i. 412; 2 Sah 266. Purwatjuh Draxsha, or Mountain Grape, 2 S. exi pipe valleys of, aspect of vegetation in, at what elevation on these aia vegetable life is suspended, i. App. 1 Pyrethrum indicum, 2 S. iii. 245. —— ——— maculatum, vi. 405. Pyrola eic sg 2 S. ui. 128. ————— umbellata, vi. 405. Pyrus ucro 2 S. ii. 262. arbutifolia, vii. 228. B intermedia, vii. 229. y Neo vii. —— Aria, vii. 2 ———— acuminata, vii. 236. acutifolia, vi. 235. angustifolia, vii. 235. bullata, vii. 236. cretica, vii. 236. obima vii. 284. ovali 284. robusdhfolia vii. 236. capitata, vii. 232. depressa, vii. 230. floribunda, vii. 230. graeca, vii. 236. grandifolia, vii intermedia, vii. 237. epr es vii. 229, 231. B subpubescens, vii. 232. vii. 233. vi. 3 spectabilis, effect produced by ringing, 28. variolosa, 2 S. ii. 244, 265. vestita, 2 S. ii. 265. Pythagorea Cochinckinencis vi. 269. Q. Quadria heterophylla, 2 S. ii. i. 985. Quamash, iv. Queening, Herefordshire, iii. 916. N 252, 357 uligera, i. 352. Quno, aoaia ó the form used by the French for training apple and pear trees, sino, 2 i ii. 155. INDEX. Quercus Cerris, 2 S.i i. 938 — coccifera, vi. 47; 28 i. 226, 239, ~elaghica, 25.4 ——— Humboldtiana, ^ T iii. 158. Ilex, 2 S. ii. 220, 239, 244. jalapensis, 2 S. i i 115. e ERR o i. 336. hellos, 2 S. n. "226, 239, 279. 23. 136. Suber, 2 S. ii. 996, 239, 244. Uem mbedem 2 S. u. 226, 239, 244. Queule, v. Queralienan, rs collected at, 2 S. iii. 137. Qu 149. uina, 2 S. 1 Quince, we adapted for, vii. Lu ——— varieties of grown stock, iv. 566. influence of, v. z^ choice of, for stocks, vii. 215. QuiNTINIE, M. DE 1A, ii. 43, 51, 56; i ii. 257 ; v. 130, 132, 184, 135, 139; 2 S. i. 924 Quisqualis indica, vi . 264. Rabette, v. 31. Rabioules, v. 27. Pax an ardent spirit distilled from grape- skins, vi 1. Racine d’Abondance, iii 280. —— d' Augsbourg, v. —— Blanc Hátif Hollande, iii. 442. Petit Hátif, i iii. 442. — — — Ordinaire. —— Gris Oblong, iv. 13. — — — Rond, iv. 12. — Gros Blanc d'Augsbourg, i iv. 12. ————— Noir d'Hiver, iv. 13. Violet d' Em iv. 13. RN x iii. 445 ; iv. 12. v. 98. —— — Petit S:osponí ou Violet, iii. 444, exii y the Romans, i. - advantages of as a stock for pears, vii. woes cq iv. 13. e Rond, iii. 443. — [ied Rond, i iii. 443. — Rose Rond Hátif, iii. 443. Violet Rond, i iii. 444. Radish, v. 36; 2 S. iii. 52, 61. notice of a new variety imported from Russia, iii. 115. account and description of autumn and winter varieties, iv. 10. ——— method of rearing its seed in the East Indies, v. 516. distinctive characters of the seeds, iii. ~ Black, v. 98. Black "Spanish; iv. 11, 13. Crimson Turnip, iii. 443. —— Crooked, v. 37. Early Mason; vi. 580. Scarlet Turnip, iii. 444. White Poon Salmon, vi. 580. M Turnip, iii. 442. Gray, v. Large Purple Winter, iv. 13. Long, v. 37. Red irr iii. 440. 496 l'urnip, iii. 444. Queen, iii. 445. Red or Purple, y. 37. iii. a Salmon, ili. iii 440; v — Scarlet, iii. 440, M3; vi. 580. ransparent, iii. 440. Short-top, iii. 441. Small Round-rooted Naples, iii. 443. Spring, account and description of, iii. 436. _ Turnip, iii. 437, 441; v. 37. White, v. 37. nd iii. et Russ 438. Spanish, i. iv. v. 1, nA v. 39. INDEX. Radish, deus duc iii. 441. — —— Yell urnip, iii. 445 ; iv. 12. RAFFLES, Sir Waban vi. 269 ; Vii. 59, 70; 28. LII information from, respecting Crinum superbum, iv. 4 Rafters, for temporary ( entere mode of — —— des Parisiens, v v. 98. Rain, heavy fall of, vii. 365, 370; 2 S. i. 185, 861; 2 S. ii. 85; 11/15; 227. monthly quantity, unusually e 28.1 179, 185, 187, 487, 507; 2 S. iii. 221. ; small, 2 S. i. 195, 423; 2 S. ii. 15. ————— said n 2 8.1.8908; 2 S. 1:585, 587.79 Bet unequal fall of, 2 E ii. 391 Rainier, Captain PETER, vi. 153; vii. 83, 588. n the treatment of the Banyan tree (Ficus indica) in the conserva- tory, v. 374. irections for cultivating and cooking the Brinjall, a variety of the common egg-plant, vi his success in the use of the Medlar as a stock for pears, vi. 117. notice of a pear sent by him to the Society, vi. 395. on grafting pears on medlar stocks, vi. 546. Raiponce, iii. 19. Raisin de HERR i i55 RarziGu, Sir WALTER, i. 8; v. 249. Rambé, v. 110. asibténris: M. iv. 826, 327, 328, 336; vi. 350, 351. Rambutan n, Y Rampion, cultivation of, iii. 19. — German, vi. RaxsreseN, Mr., on the destruction of the moths and. caterpillars of the Phalena bru- . mata, iv. 135. Ranunculus, i erac of, iv. 374. mode of obtaining its flowers late, vii. 394. — — — — nubigenus, 2 S. iii. 156. peruvianus, 2 5. iii. 154. premorsus, 2 S. iii. 156. Sibbaldioides, 2 S. iii. 156. Rapa oblonga, v. 29. Rape, v. 31. exiii | Rape (Brassica Napus), on the cultivation of a variety of, i. 26. Pagans of Theophrastus, v. 36. Raphano oleifero cinese, v. 38. Raphanus wo orbicularis, v. 39. niger, iv. 11; v. 38. orbiculatus, iii. 442 ; iv. 11. pyriformis sive radice nigro, iv. 11. radiculà tortili, v. 37. rotundus, i lii. 443. sativus, iii. 436 ; v. 36, 42. oleiferus, v v. 36. radicula oblonga, v. 37. oleifera, v. 38. rotunda, v. 37. Raphiolepis indica, 2 S. ii. 259, 279. Rapontika, vi. 580. Riipuoculus e esculentus of Ray, iii. 19. Rapunzel, vi. 580. — — —— Zellerie, vi. 580. Rapuntium parvum of Gerard, i Raspberries, mode of Viersen a ie crop of, 93. vil. Raspberry, vi. 497. ———— — length of time it requires to attain maturity, i. 39. Early Red, iv. 205. Williams's Double-bearing Red, iv. 55. Ratafia, 2 S. i. 291. Raucu, Mr., fruit-trees received from, 2 S. ii. 415. Rave, v. 26, 32, 36, 37. blanche, i iii. 438. à Collet Rouge, iii. 441. de Corail, iii. 440. couleur de pex iii. 440, grosse, v. longue rouge, iii. 441, —— petite hâtive, iii. 440. — plate, v. ——— rose, iii. 440; k Mor ——— saumonée, iii. vi. 580. tortillée du Mana T . 439; v. 94. Ravette, v. 30, 32. Rawes, Captain Ricnanp, iv. 340; vi. 80, 325, 461, 419; vii. 527, 528, 533, 542, 554. Lui scien Sir CHARLES, iii. 335. Rays, solar, reflected from glass, table of, i. 163, 164. Reap, Mr. Joun, description of his garden syringe, v . 488. 7 INDEX. Reap, Mr. Jon, his mode of glazing hot-bed lights and the roofs of forcing-houses, vi. 112. EAD, Mr. Jonn, description of a newly in vented instrument, for effectually applying tobacco fumigation to plants, vi, 140. Real del Monte, is phe of, 2 S. iii. 123. Réaumur, ii. 140, 151. Red Bud, vi. 94. — me of d REpprNa, n W., 28. ap 536, "^t 542, 543, 544 Redouté, i i Kin vil. 435, n 98. EEVES, Jon, Esq., iii. 183, 425 ; iv. 334; vi. 80, 90, 324, 484; vii. 180, 238, 239, 555; 2 S. ii. 424 2 S. ii. 417, 419. Reenter, M., iv. 368; 2S. i — — $9 "rasaitition of lis treatise on = native country of the apricot-tree, iii. App. 23 Rerp, Mr. ARCHIBALD, vi. 523. Renanthera coccinea, yii. 499. Renealmia cakera, i. 281. —— ——— exaltata, i. 280. nias, T i. 280. — — —— natans, i. 279, 280. Report upon the new or rare plants which dose in the Society’s garden from its first formation to March, 1821, vi. 62. upon the new or rare "plants which fovered ia the Society's Lar P from March, 1824, to March, 1825, vi. upon the effect et on certain plants in the garden of the Society by the frost which occurred during the night of April 3s 1826, vi. 493. new or remarkable vegetables cul- vated in the garden of the Society during the year terminating on the 31st Misch, 1826, vi. 563. plants received from, REvNorps, Tuomas ee Esq., v. 485 ; 69. vi. l les exhibited by, iii. 313. ” Rhamnus, 2 S. i. 465. — — ——— Alaternus, 2 S. ii. 244. ——— —-— balearicus, 2 S. ii. 279. compaetus, 2 S. iii. 61. ——— Lotus, v. 88. Rhubarb, vi. 497. — Gar RHEEDE, iv. 335; v. 84, 85, 87. Rheum crispum, 2 S. iii. 52, 61. Emodi, 2 S. ii. 267 ; 2 S. iii. 61. taric : ——— undulatus, Vii. srt is S. iii. 61. Rüodsdéniróbs, | iv. 21. remarks on hybrid, iv. 45. Ack . li. 236, 266. S. ii. 267 2 S. ii. 236, 245, 265, 266, 267. album, 28. ii. 265. white, 2 S. ii. 236. ® zaleoides, i iv. 24. campanulatum, 28.1. s ag catawbiense, iv. 24; 2 S. 260. ponticum, 2 S. ii. 266. caucasicum, 2 S. ii. 266. davuricum, 2 S. ii. 267. ferrugineum, i., App. 17. Haylocki, 2 S. ii 266. hybrid, 2 S. ii. 245. hybridum, iv. 500. enneandron, iv. 45. Knightii, 2 S. ii. 266. Lindsayi, 2 S. ii. 266. maximum, 2 S. ii. 267. var. purpureum, 2 S. ii. 266. Nobleanum, 2 S. ii. 266. ponticum, 2 S. ii. 245. Smithii, 2 S. ii. 265, 266. den, on the advantages of blanch- ing, ii. 258. — ——— methods of forcing, iii. 143; iv. 64 ; vi. 111 ; vii. 190. — —— Buck’s, vii. 193. Scarle in pots, iii. 154. et, vii. 89. — — Myatt’s Victoria, 2 S. iii. 61. Rhus Coe vi. 495. landifoli ium, : S. ii. 267. . 495 aneum, 2 Si nn Dr., on the ne s Sheeraz, AN L 205. Ribes alpinum, var. pumilum, vii. 244. aureum, vii. 240, 2. æ praecox, vii. 240, 242. INDEX. Ribes aureum, y sanguineum, vii. 241, 242. serotinum, vii. 240, 242. flavum, vii. 2 frigidum, 2 e iii. 156. glaciale, 2 S. ii. 267. lutinosum, 2 S.i. 476 ; 2 S. ii. 244, 251. udsonianum, vii. 514 irriguum, vii. 516. leptostachyum, 2 S. ii. 158. malvaceum, 28. 1. 476; 2 S. ii. 244, 251. punctatum, 2 S. ii. 244. sa himen on 508 ; Siunedgs vii. 509. setosum, v 243. speciosum, E S. ii. "we 251. zip uU BHL Richrdie africana, Ww S. ii. 270. . ALEXANDER, notice of speci- mens of a modb: Apricot raised by him, i. 89 Vi. Dr., i. 103, 277, 335, 338, 344, 356. Hemerocallis graminea raised by bue. 3 i. 335, rj pariet to Lord Tanker- ville, iii. 103; 2 S. i. 540 Ricin us communis, vi. 45. preda ER iv. 72. ———— Grorce Rogert GoopiN, seedling Peach sent ve him to the Society, vi. 393. Rippet, RALPH, Esq., iv. 143.' Ripez, C. G, Esq., 2 S. i. 546. Rigidella fammea, 2 S. ii. 122. + 1mmac ulata, 2S. in. 139. Ring, NNMERO iv. 020i ope gy ates observations upon its oe ! Remp to those produced by the quince stock, v. employed for pé new wood, vii. effects of, iv. 561. production, i iv. 551. —— notice of its effects on three sorts of apples, iii. 367. —— ——— the bark of trees, effects of, iv. 564. the branches of trees, iv. "NYSE of fruit trees, ii. 382, Ar pp- oper for stone fruits, i iv. 127. Rusuos, Mr. n. 179. mignone year, ii. 372. exv Rivers, Mr. Tuomas, 2 S. i. 535, 541, 542, 544, 546. | RoNALDS, account of the method of raising | tte in pots, in succession through the | pe the advantages of root pruning, d i. 471, Rosertson, Mr. S JoHN, iv. 519; v. 261; vi. 16, 392; 2 (28. ii. 235, 249. Joas. vii. 260; 2 Sin.. 229. on the classification of peaches and nectarines, with observations on the disorders incident or peculiar to each class, iii. 980 escriptions of some of the best varieties of Tish — ii. 452. the advantages which trained peach dics derive from their roots being allowed to wor the border on the north side of the wall, i on the e EPER of plums, iv. 323. on planting the moist alluvial banks sof rivers with fruit trees, vii. 135. account of the manner of training the vine upon open walls, at Thomery, near F — vii. 373. mildew, and some other diseases incident A fruit trees, v. 175. Ronziws, GEORGE, toy, ROBINSON, Mr., ii. Poi, vi. 54. Rosson, Mr., x exhibited by, iii. 314. his receipt for a wash for the destruction of insects on fruit trees, iv. 143. Rocne, M. DE LA, i. 322. Rochea venusth; 1.222. ROCKINGHAM, Mamee of, i. 267, 340. Ropyey, Lord, 2 S. ii 1 Rodriguezia planifolia, vii. 6. Rocers, JOHN, Esq., 2 S. ii. 227, 230, 434, 464; 2 S. in. 35. on heating by hot water, 2 S. ii. 564. Mr. Tuomas, account of the dalio- tion of mushrooms, iv. 472. WILLIAM, Vi. Roruissox, Messrs., 2 S.i. 540, 542, 543, 546; 2 S. ii. 102, 424. Roman cement, suggested br stopping the f vines, iii. 387. bleeding o px D OU. wi, BUA; vi. 234; 2 S. 328, 256. E apples exhibited by, iii. 313, 315. description of the dif- q2 INDEX. des ue of broccoli, with an account 0 method of cultivating them, iii. Rowarps, Mr. Huen, notices of fruits exhi- bited by by him, iv. 214, 216. apple exhibited by him, v. 26. 28.1 i. 534. Rondeletia m^ 3 à iii. 161. — erian D 2 S. x S — dna d S. iii. Roots, decay of the cdi dt life p. in, than in the bearing branches, 2 S. i. bsorbent iml of diui i. 218, 219, how to facilitate the emission of them from sagen | i. 256. rete fluids of an acid nature, iv. 397. on their geo of absorbing coloured infusions, 2 S. i Root- Toa of pear isan 2 r3 ii. 471. 0 eee iii. 280. Rosa, 2 S. i. 465. alpina ; garden variety, speciosa, vii. 227. arvensis, iv. 458, 465; 2 S. ii. 255. —— — Banksia, i v. 110; 2 S. ii. 245, 254. adden variety, flava, vii. 226. berberifolia, vi. 553. B54. Bourbon, 2 S. i ii. 245, 255. bracteata, 2 S. i i. 254. ——— capreolata, iv. 458. China, mu. 2 S. ii. 254. — — ————— Yellow, 2 S. ii. 254. ——— Dicksoni, vii. i 224. —— emet. iv. 305. mella v 287, 288. —— 2 S. ii —— indica, i 2 * ii. 226, 245, a 255. — of, 2 S. ii. ochroleuca, vi. d javolerata 2 S. ii. 255. involuta, iv. 305. Isle de Bourbon var., 2 S. ii. 255. ——— lucida, vi. 288. — Macartney, 28.i ——- moschata, iis d 1 S. ii. 245. —— misma 2 S.i "ids oisette var., h y ii. pimpinellifolia, i iv. 281, 282 exvi — — ooo v. 2 sempervirtim, iv. v. 458, 465. setigera, vi s sini ca, 2 S.i 55. — A iv. 281, 282 ; 8 303. bi Mat iv. 299. urea, iv. 290. Rose, sweet-scented X hybrid, 2 S. ii. 254. —— tea-scented var., 2 S. ii. 255 ; vi. 497. trees, transplan antation of their blossom- buds, ii. 7. the colours of affected by budding or grafting on different stocks, v. 492. —— to flower in autumn, vi. 319. cultivation of the ale, and the tender Chinese, v. 369 apple, i. App. 11, 12. — — Ayrshire, iv. 456 ; ; its description, 458. —— Banksian, 2 S. ii. 245, 254. — — Belladonna, ii. 242. —— FRE i iv. P leaved, iv. 282. — Chine, conjecture PY its being em- ployed as a stock, ii. 187 ; 2 S. ii. 226, 245, Dog, i ii. 242; vi. 317. — Drum honds Thornless, vii. 228. Double Scotch, description and account of the varieties od iv.. 281. yellow, successful result of bud- ding it on the common China, v. 370 ; spring preferred for the operation, 371. —— Dwarf Burnet-leaved Scotch; i iv. 282. Evergrodttd iv. 460 Garden, notes on — budding, and cultivating, vi. 317. Maiden’s Blush, ii. —— Moss de Mon: icm of, ii. 241. —— Orangefield, iv. —— True Scotch, iv. ‘a. water Jambu, y. 111. Rosier Pimprenelle blane à fleurs doubles, iv. 289. rouge à fleurs doubles, iv. 293. Rosmarinus officinalis, 2 S. i ii. 245. Ross, Mr., Newington, ii. 402. — — — ROBERT, 2 S. ii. 455. ILLIAM, account of his method of forcin ii. 361. ranis Damascus Grape exhibited by, the blossoms of which had been INDEX. fertilized by the pollen of the Royal Musca- dine, with particulars of the process, vi. 119. OTH, iv Rough-skinned or Grey Plum (of Sierra Leone), v. 451. Rovs, Right Hon. Lord, particulars of a Peach- tree in the garden at Cockfield Hall, iii. 17. Row ey, Sir Wirum, vi vi. 195. Roxsureu, Dr., iii. 189, 193; iv. 31, 422, 423, 424; v. 116, 118, 119; vi. 73. his description of Crinum augus- 424. Royal usn specimens of plants p to e, by the Apothecaries’ Company, iv. 330. Rovte Dr., 2 S. ii. 239. upon a climate of Mussooree, and upon al HHI fragifera, 2 S. i. 457. n behalf of the East India Com- pany, a received from, 2 S. ii. 416, 417, 419. Rover, ere Van, iii. 178. Rozrzm, i i. 2 Rubus glabratus 2 j iii. 154. ——— glaucus, 2 S. i en parvifolius, vii. eae 2 $i iii. 154. rosefolius, vii. 41. | stipularis, 2 s. iii. 155. trilobus, 9.8.3. 121. . 62. and Pavon, iii. 853; v. 104; vi. 77. Rukam, v. 117. Rumson, Lapy, iv. 509; vi. 173. Rumex Patientia, 2 8. fii. Rumrorp, Count, vii. 583. Rumen, his opinion respecting the native place of the tuberose, i 6. Rumpuivs, iii. 350; iv. 935 ; v. ee 108, 111, 413, 115, 116; i. 70; 2. Ruscus aculeatus, 2 n ii. 225, 236, 245. 279, racemosus, vi. 48; 2 S. ii. 279. Russet on apples, probable cause of, vii. 505. Russia, effects of its climate on vegetation, i. 32. Ruta-ba 24. ga, v. graveolens, 2 S. ii. A e RurrEav, M., v. 404, 4 179. Rye, eee vipi in ais in the seeds, 2 S. iii. 205. ping 8. on Frets iv. eise . 267, 269, 336; iii. 89, BH 313; 103, 186; vi. "16, 287; vii. 16, 24, 25, 56, 6 iv. "16i, 275, 417; v. 100, | 141, 151, 160, 225, 584, 546, 557; 2 S. i. 233; 12 S. ii. 375. SABINE, dose; Esq., description and account of the cultivation of a variety of gourd called vegetable marrow, ii. 255. observations on three new peaches, ii. 217. account of the Florence cherry, ii. 229. on the ringing of fruit- trees, ii. 267. account of seven double herbaceous ridic cultivated in England, ii. tribute $i the memory of George made m dy Abs e Elton, Eagle, and EON duis, ii. 301. account of a method of ora asparagus, Bpr by Mr. W. Ross, ount and description of the roseberry strawberry, i ii. 978. count of a method of "n the Lobelia f ye as practised by Mr. William Hedges, ii. iiti on of a stove used for tropical plants in the garden of Sir Abraham Hume, Bart, ii.; App. 4. count of a method of conveying water to plants i in e: iii. 14. rvations on celeriac, with PERS S for its cultivation, iil. 71. note on two varieties of currant, iii. 89. some account of the purple-fruited passion-flowerand other species which bear edible fruit, with observations on the Passiflora incarnata of Linnzus, and on the first plant of the genus which was intro- duced into Europe, iii. 99. observations on, and ac- ` count of, the cultivation of the tree migno- nette, iii. 178. ———— es on, and description of, varieties of the Magnolia glauca, iii. 201. obse: ations on, and ac- rane count of, the sp Dahlia, with instructions for their cultivation and treatment, iii. 217. i ee Dhserratiune Oh the for- mation of a select collection of apple trees, 263. iii. account and description spiel tliat ies of four seedling varieties of dessert ve ii. 267. SABINE, JosEPH, Esq., note on the mespilus japonica, iii. 301. apples exhibited by, iii. 312, 31 à: on the love apple or to- mato, and an account of its cultivation ; with a description of several varieties, and some observations on the different species of the genus Lycos iii. 342. ions on the clas- rvati sification of peaches and nectarines, iii. 384. ecount and Lem of the Downton strawberry, i n the éoltivaton of figs on the back walls at vineries, iii. 409. ; on specimens of Iris, iii. 414. note on the Martin non- pareil apple, iii. ved ervations on the glaz- ing of hot-house, &c., iv. 84. bbeervations on, and de- tails of, some experiments in ringing the bark of fruit and other trees and plants, iv. 121. account of the Rosa Banksiz, iv. 170. remarks on the Downton strawberry, iv. 199. note on the Pitmaston orange nectarine, iv. 233. account of a hybrid passiflora, iv. 258. n and account of ae varieties of double Booth roses eul- in the gardens of mecs iv. 281. account a iption of Chinese pom dw cultivated in England, iv. 326. on the Ayrshire rose, iv. 456. rries cranbe raised on dry beds, iv. 7 481 ; alte ud À - lids, iv. 501. anand od ė A 1 fig-trees, iv. 504. note on the Lilium ja- ponicum, iv. 554. observations on the ac- cidental intermixture of charaeter in certain its, v. 68. 324214 1 2 A wy hybrid Passifloras, v. 70. on Pine-Apples note . grown by Mr. D t v. 144. SABINE, JosEpn, Esq., description z : a of training standard appie trees, n the und iue of the Wild Potato, m. an account of its cul- ture in the garden of the Hortücultsrel So- ciety, and observations on the importance of obtaini rores varieties of the culti- vàted plant, v. note on Mr. Hogan's method of growing nera ge v. 908. on the Downton Imperatrice plum, v. "383, account and rop of five Chinese Chrysanthemums ; with so observations on the treatment of all the kinds rep at the time in England, and on cumstances relating to the varieties sohesilli. v. 412. account of the some edible fruits of cess Bere v. 439. trees, and an ac- g-t count of their altirata in a fig-house at Ashridge, v. 479. count of several Chi- nese and Indian Dlirpiinieiaens, with ad- ditional observations on the ies and varieties, and on the management of the plants in gardens, vi. 322. aecount of a method of forcing figs practised in the garden of the Earl of Haws, at Harewood House, vi 365. note on a mode of gro ing different varieties of the pear on the same tree, vi on the Pæonia . Moutan, or Tree Pwony, and its varieties, vi. 456. on Glyci ensis, vi. 460. account of two varieties of the o fruit which ripened in the garden of the Earl Powis, vi. 550. account of some re- wee holly hedges and trees in Scotland, - account and descri s m species and most remarkable varieties cultivated in ELS the ie Hortienitural 8 Society, vii. 419. Sage, jen YR iii. 52, 62. purple, 2 S. iii. 62. rh oa M ex 25, 39. Sagittaria, iv. St John's Bread, ol vi 35 Saku Jaku, vi. 487. INDEX. Sal Ammoniae, 2 S. ui. 48, 48, 50, 51. Salad, Indian, iv. 445. Shawanese, iv. 445. Salicornia herbacea, ii. 232. Salisburia adepti. vi. 495 ; 2.S. n. 259. SALISBURY, Marquess of, iii. 281. —7— R. A, Esq. i. Pref., 134; ii. 336; iii. 218, 220, 229 ; i iv. 368 ; v. 235, 236; vii. 428, 444; 448, 449, - n the cultivation of the Polianthes Tubétosi with its botanical description and figure, 1. e. ions on the different species of Dahlia, ss the best me- thod of eultivating them, 1. 84. a. short account of nectarines and peaches mte produced on the same branch, i. unt of the Red Doyenné (Doyenné Gris) 1 Pees i. 230. n the cultivation of rare plants, i. 261. his abridged transla- tion of M. Thouin’s account of the cultiva- tion of the Jamrosade, i. App. 11; of M. Ramond’s paper on the vegetation of high mountains, i. App. 15; and of M. Thouin’s Iu of a bank for Alpine plants, i. PP on the cultivation of the Monopsis louder li. iiie unt of the Chio- ciganos serpyllifolia, or Snai ii. 94. some account of the TETES pellucida, ii. 156. some account and de- scription of Ord's Apple, ii. 285. ~~~ translation of a trea- tise by M. L. Regnier on the country where the apricot tree grows — iii. App. 23. Salix babylonica, 2 S. ii. —— Humboldtiana, 2 ^e ii. 285. pen tandra, MP on its rate of growth, 2 S. iii. 103. Sarm Dyck, Brack, 2 S. ii. 410, 470. ~~~ plants received from, 2 S. n. 413. Loree ; W. W., Esq., 2 S. i. 199. Salsafy, 9.8-dii. 61. t - common, 2 S. iii. 67, 68, 79, 80, 81, 83, 5, a 87, 89, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203, , 5, 206 —— vs effect applied as a manure, vi. 541. against the ra ravages of worms, i. 20. ; 2 S. iii. 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, 51, 52. r. , Hammersmith, 28 i. 540. cxix effectual preservative of the sea-kale | Sauter, Mr. JonaTHAN, Bath, vi. 188. Salts, Alkaline, in orchids, 2 S. iii. 54. of Am mmonia, 2 S. ii. 51. Salvia aurea, 2 S. ii. 271. rubescens, 2 S. i ili, 154. SALVIN, WILLIAM THOMAS, Esq., on 4 e cul- tivation of the vine upon the open zu at Croxdale, 2 S. i. 51. alvinia natans, iv. 998, 399. Sambucus chinensis, vi Samphire, the True, on the cultivation of, ii. 232. ditare ii. us — ——— Rock, i Sandal Malam, ‘the East Indian appellation of the Tuberose, i. 48. Sandoricum indiéthn um, v. 116. San Luis Potosi, vegetation of, 2 S. iii. 121. Sanseviera Tum vii. Santa Fé, 2 S. iii. 115. Santolina Chammsicegeiktinnul, 2 S. ii. Sap, causes and effects of the MA of, 1. 82. —— becomes saccharine by the absorption of oxygen, 1. remarks on ‘its various conditions, ii. 131. attracted by the PY though generated in distant foliage, v. 241 on the beneficial effects of the accumula- tion of, in annual plants, 2 S. i. 323. —— — how generated and reserved in bulbous- rooted plants, i. 157, 187, 188, 191. of trees, remarks concerning, i. 79, 82; iv. 159. theory of its descent maintained by Mr. € 1. 109, 255. t dense near the ground, 2 S. i . 88. of the Sugar n ad ii. 131. ——— of vines, effect of interrupting, ii. 222. force of its ascent in the vine, v. 202. Sapota Plum, v. 82. Sappodilla Plum, v. 96. Sarcocephalus, v. 90. esculentus, y. 463; vii. 56; nm, CLE, 1. 291. INDEX. Satyrium repens, i. 301. — — —— spatulatum, i. 288. ew Mr., fruit trees received from, S. ii. 415. ok ii. 224. Savory, Summer, 2 S. iii. 52, 62. 2 2. Savoy, 2 S. iii. 61;i ii. 307, 318 ; v. 13. 37, analysis of, 2 S. iii. 1, 38. —— Green, ii. 307. deren: Mr. SAMUEL, v. 308. on "- management of fig-trees in the open ai 6. Saxe Weimar, Grand Duke of, vi. 571. specimens of a Casuarina sent by him, iv. 58. tice of mo- dels presented to the Societ by him, 3 iv. 51. NM. andicola, 2 S. iii. 134. Sazuri, 2. Scallion, | iii. 879, 417. Scandix odorata, 2 S. iii. 52. Scarlet Runner, 2 M ote 59. ions on its rate of growth at different Macer of the day, 2 Si iii. 41. Scaroles, vi. 134. blonde, vi. 135. courte, vi » 135. a a de Laitue, vi. 135, 136. «135. WN, SCHEELE, 2 S. ii. 217. SCHELL, Chevalier, iv. 397, 39 8. 'CHERTZER an owns iv. 885; vi. 138. SCHIE DE, Dr, 2 S ii. nivos, vi schinus Molle, 2 S. iii. 149. izandra coccinea, 2 S. ii. 262. schizanthus pinnatus, vi. 93. ns, vi. pe Schisopéialod P Walkeri vi. 9 ScHNEEVOOGHT, vii. oan 25. i. 295. ScuoBaAL, Abbé, ii. ScnoLL, Mr. cete vii. 17. Schollia carnosa, vii. crassifolia, vii. 19, 39. Scnorr, Mr. cp iv. 407. Scuovw, ie 2 S. ii. 410. NK, Y iH up Up tà Up Un On Un the ats ae FRANCIS DE PAULA, account of a successful method o: i and Bog plants, iv. 395. ScunADER, Dr., "reg atropurpureus received from, 2 S. ii. ScHULTES, v. ^w HULTZ, Professor, 2 2 we ii. 907. Scilla esculenta, iv. umbellata, i. fen Scions, a heal falness of those taken from the trunks of trees, iii. 387. a vulgare, iii. 340, 341. olymus aculeatus, vii. Scopoli, iv. 461, 462, 491. Scorr, Mr., vi. 383, 384. Mr. Tuomas, description of a pine pit, 0. v. — —— Mr. Wir LLIAM, On the cultivation of alstrémerias, 2 S. ii. 124. Screen for wall trees, oe bats for fixing the rafters of, a 223. Sea Kale, 2 S. iii. 61. o description and cultivation of, i. 13. places where it grows wild, i. 14. ————— plan for forcing, iv. 63; figured, iv. 64. —————— observations respecting it, 2 S. ii. 349. Sea-side grape, v. 99. Seasons, progress ‘of in a i. 82. SEBRIGHT, Sir Joun, 2 S. iii SECKLE, Mr., iii. 256. Secretions of the roots of —_ iv. 397. Sedum quitense, 2 S. iii. Seed, — of the a ‘of one, i. 217. s of vegetables, method of rearing in the East Indies, v. 516. account of a method of ripening in a wet season, iii. their fertilization; i iv. 28. notice of a plan for bringing them from distant a y. 51. — umbium, retention of their vege- tating principle i vi. 537. Seedlings, soil most suitable for, 1. 65. Seed-steeping, 2 S. iii. 197. Seed-vessel, how adapted for its office, i. 221. SEIDEL, M, apples exhibited by him, iii. 317 SELLo, 2 S. i. 259. SEgLwoop, Mr., ii. 42, 53, 55, 57. Sempervivum tectorum, vi. 313. Senecio Antisanz, 2 S. iii. 156. ilicifolius, vii. 38. gua, i. 28% pimpinellifolius, 2 2 S, iii. 156. — cordigera, i. i. 289. Saarai is s 288. INDEX. Services, kinds known to the Romans, i. 153. SEsTINI, vi. 40, SETON, ' ALEXANDER, Esq., v. 236, 380; vi. 158 ; vii. 288. SICKLER, ageer of his work on the genus Citrus, iii. App. 1. Sida phyilanthos, 2 S. iii. 152. description of a method of numbering marks or tallies for plants, ii. 347. description of a peculiar mode of training vines under glass in a house, and its — iii. e on Sir Oswald Mosley's paper on the Aphis pacer iil. 62. on coverings for cucumber frames, iii. 296. account of Mr. Walker’s improved construction of hot-house flues, iv. 237. remarks upon the effect of soil on stocks, vii. 215. pichinchensis, 2 S. iii. 154. Sides lycioides, 2 S. ii. 262, Pesci Viscount, i ill. 123, 318; p, Dr, £ "ps i. 410. Sikaduduk, v Silica, 2 S. iii. kh Silicate of Potash, 2 S. iii. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 11, 72, 19, 74, 15, 16, 77, 79, 80, 81. Silicéous matter in orchids, 2 S. iii. 54. Siliqua przedulcis, vi. Silk Rose, vi ; Savane Mr. Henry, account and de- scription of a hollow wall, erected in the garden of the Earl of Arran, i iv. 244. Simon, Sr:, his work on hyacinths, iv. 163. SIMPSON, Rev. Jonn, his account of the Burr- Sexes of plants, i. 105. knot apple, i. 120. Suappock, Capt., first Praes m shaddock from the "East Indies, i. A Shaddock fruit, iii. App. 6, 17 ; iv. T HAILER, Mr. Henry, notice of a singular flower from an apple-tree in his garden, iv. ded. and of specimens of Moss Roses, iv. first exhibited fruit of the purple-fruited passion-flower, iii. 103. Mrs. Any, ii. 285. Siws, Dr. i. 98; i. 157, 280; iv. 457, 458, 461; vi. 60, 96, 356, 468, 470, 474; vii. 20, 450, 476, 520, 531. — — —— his pem on the Hermione am- bigena —€— 4 SHAKESPERE, iii. 965. Shallot, 2 S. iii. 61. Sinapis a on the culture of, ii. 97 ; vii. 93; 2S. i. sett v. 54. : ——— — tuberosa, v. Suaw, vi. 37. SiNcLAIR, Mr. GEORGE, on the Woburn per- HAWE, Ricnanp, Esq., i nnial kale, v. 297. ir JOHN, ii 327 i. 320. SHEA, Mr. THOMAS, Re of he treat- | qa etes of orange and lemon trees in Tuscany, | Sinningia Helleri, vii. 63. Siphocampylus asper, 2. S. iii. 160. —— — — — — columns, 2 S. iii. 158. cordifolius, 2 8. iii. 158. ali 2 S. iii. 160. 2. janatus, 2 S. in. 198. Sisymbrium Nasturtium, iv. 538. a A i. 910. Sa ae um, 1. iridioides, | i. 310. latifolium, i i. 310 palmi foli fae 310. olium, i. sertifolium, i i. 309. EP de i. 309. G. U., Esq., ii. 400, 402. are p dr geni by, iv. 528, Bii. Mr. Henry, iii. 338, 340. is miéibod of raising ros TUME SES MERE ferns from seeds, iii. 338. — Mr. Jonx, iv. 501,002, 503. RN Dr. JAMES, his garden at Eltham, SHERBROOK, À., Esq., on a mode of raising young potatoes i in the winter months, i i255 SHERRARD, i. e 941, 352 ; vi. 48. Dr. Wruuax, i i. 355, 364, 906. 529. sar Dr., ii. 43; iii. App. 1, App. 16; gie we in the construction of melon- usu ema | rough, notice of one exhibited, vi bservation by, on the growth of 43. cus i oranges at Rome, iii. SLATER, OHN, Esq., i. 298; vii. x 535. INDEX. SroANE, Sir Hans, ii. * Preliminary observa- tions ;" v. 96, 97, 98, 99, 330. Sloe, the common tu of numerous varieties of the plum Slugs, on destro ng them in gardens, ii. 19. Smallage, vii. Small prin ud (of Sierra nie v. 453. Smart, Mr., plants received from, 2 S. ii. 418, 418. Smilax aspera, vi. 41 ; vii. 41. excelsa, vi. Al. Smiru, Mr., Dalston, i ii. 164 ; iii. 174. —— ———- gardener to the Earl of Liverpool, 2 S. i. 581. Dr., i. 15, 283, 3 Si 108 ; 3 iv. 281; ; vi. 60, 265, 266, 310, 469 ; vii. 16, 19, 20, 438, 498, 520, 521, 557. direetions for raising ferns Wee seed, iii. 338. Mr. James, of Duckenfield Nursery, near Manchester, notice of a seedling plum exhibited by him, iv. 208. Hopetoun House, iv. 429, 430; vii. 191. his me- thod of forcing rhubarb, vi. 111. respecting the oes cultivated RS the market in Seotla - f his communica- tion to the Caledonian Hore Society on the cultivation of fies, iv. 429. gardener to James Ham- mond, Esq., Potter's Bar, near Barnet, di- rections for growing onions so as to produce eem in clusters at an early season, vi. account of the growth of some cedars of Lebanon in the gardens at Hopetoun House, vi. 429. nurseryman, Monkwood | Grove, iv. 463. | berwell, Surrey, u the cultivation of fuchsias, vi. ecc r. Jon ma at Grove, i. 543 ii. 163, 16 166. Spring at Hylands, vii. 400. on the cultivation of the vine, 2 S. i. 333. — Professor, v. 453, 460. Col. Roserr, vi. 172. — d Mass essrs. R. and Co., 2 S. ii. 403. — — Me. Tnowas, on the use of charcoal- account of a cherry orchard | dust as a top-dressing for onions, and as a cure for the clubbing in cabbages, vi 1. 29. SurrH, Mr. WILLIAM, on dahlias, vii. 141. notice of certain vineries various places in Scotland with arched dine trellises, vi. 522. of Manchester, vi. 198. Smyrue, Col., iv. 509. Snail, garden-shell, ii. 151. Snails, on their destruction, 2 S. i now on the summits of oui, state of vegetation amidst, i. A — — Mr. Sewarp, 2 S.i . 534, 536, 540, 541, 542, 544 Snowberr y i. i. 94. Soap plant, 2 S. iii. 117 Sobralia gonna 2 S. iii. es 149. Soda, 2 S. iii. 36. Soil, temperature of, in spring, ii. 110. — citation from Virgil respecting, e 453. ——— hygrometric powers of, 2 S. in. Soils, on their exhaustion, 2 S. i iii. sa. egyptiacum, vi. 52. omens Vii. je a, and 8, vii. 85. Lye persicum, i iii. 349, rt Se ena, vi. 52. pomiferum, iii. 343. ctu REA vii. 85. urvo, vii. 85. pseudo-capsicum, i. Et 6. tuberosum, v. 249. periments on ej in- organic constituents ^T Erie 2 S. iii. on the desi of soils, 2 S. iii. 189. 189. PEETRI Ly Sollya h ylla, 2 S. ii. 245, 249. Solomon's Sed 2 S. iii. 52, 62. INDEX. Sonnerat, v. 125. Soot, 2 S. iii. 94, 99. Sophora j japonica, vi. 495; 2 S. ii. 259. Sorbus, i. 458 ——— sania, vii. 237. Sorrel, 2 S. iii. 62. ee iai vi. 584. SouTHweE Lt, Sir RonEnr, i. 9, his statement to the CAL o rei i agi the introduction of the pota Souza, Sir is dandi DE, 2 S. ii. iar JAMES, Esq., notice on ane effect of ring fruit trees early in the spring, ii, 271. Spanish Plum of the West ra v. 99. Sparaxis grandiflora, i. 319, 8 ib pendula, 2 S. ii. 268. Sparmannia africana, 2 S. ii. 271. Spartium — 2 S. n. 28. — — —— setrense, 2 S. ii. 237, 280. ———— ares 28. i. 2 0. junceum, 2 S. ii. 245, 280. — — —— multiflorum, 2 S. ii. 245, 280. patens, 2 S. ii. 280. radiatum, 2 S. ii. 225, 280. Snenonsing; s S. iii. 62. Species, its definition, iv. 21. Specularia, i. 148. — or Glazier among the Romans, i. Speecuty, Mr., i. 174; iv. 202; vii. 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 968, 269, 270, 271; 2S.i i. 5, 22, 27, SPENCE, Win, Esq., on an insect which is — very injurious to fruit trees, ii i, —— T on some vulgar errors among gardeners Mi rema insects being EE by cold, ii. 148 PNE E ;28. : Pigs SPENCER, Earl, vi Sphacele . Rode 2 S. ii. 285. Spina vi. 37. Spigelia Boni, 2 S. iii. 161. — — — hamelioides, 2 S. iii. 161. See pedan PTE dan ni. 158. Spinach, 2 S. ii EERE Borda, €i vii. 131 ee ee s Vi. 576 2 S. iii. 52, 61. Men us Lotes leoni. 2 S. iii. 52, 61. exxiii i iiec Sa Me 28.1.2083. PERE mc M Spinach, Mountain, vii. 131. New Zealand, iv. 488 ; vi. 577. Round- leaved, 2 T i. 61. Summer, 2 S. iii. White French, vii. kr Spiranthes pudica, vi Spirea, 2 S. i. 465. ver ur m 2 S. ii. dc .2 S. iii. 159. jar 2 S. iii. ————— Myrobalanus, s v. 450, ————— urea, v. 99. Spone, Mr, 2 S. i. 5 pongioles, on their supposed absorbent powers, 2 i17. Sprekelia glauca, 2 S. iii. 118. SPRENGEL, Professor, vii. 520, 531 gn Grove, cranberry successfully cultivated at, 1. 15. unt of strawberries culti- vated in the sare there, i. 75. Stachys coccinea, vii. 42. Stachytarpheta mntabilis, vii, 391. STAFFORD, Lord, . 37. Sram, Mr., letter from, respecting the age of the original tree of Williams’s Bon Chrétien Pear, iii. 357. SrALLFonTH and Co., Messrs., 2 S. iii. 115. STAMFORD and WARRINGTON, Earl of, 2 S. i. 35. SrANHOPE, Earl, vi. ae of the cultivation of accoun ege in the vins el oa o of Dresden, CHARLES Spencer, Esq, 2 S. i. Stanhopea Pampana 28. A: 149. ccata, 2 S. t tutes die 2.8. li. ie Stapelia chinensis, vii. 20. cochinchinensis, vii. 20, 21, 28. 4:245 8 SrAPLEs, R. P., . 911. Star Apple, v. 9 p iris ng-leaved, v. 458, 463. — — Obovate-leaved, v. 458. STAUNTON, Sir GEORGE Tuomas, vi. 454 ; vii. 522, 523. 434 ; figured, 43 Steam apparatus, ir 4 of Mr. m 221. at the Clifton nursery, figured, plan of Mr. Knight's, ii. 924. r2 INDEX. Steam, dum of, for bottom heat, success- ful, i 8; unsuccessful, 7 ecce of, to ordo. i. 320. uu by, description of various modes of, 2 mi i. rtd for ^ ec. hot-houses and melon feinen, 1 5l. pits in the Imperial Gardens of Tau- rida, at St. Petersburg, plans of, iv. 469. —— ——— for melons, &c., figured, v. 857. in tubes, allusion to the employment of, for heating plant-houses, i. 151. STEDMAN, v. 101. Stelis ciliaris, 2 S. ii. 116. Stems of plants, on the means of giving strength to those growing under glass, iv Stenomesson | mee ur 2 S. iii. 149. ————— wegii, 2 S. iii. 156. Sterculia acuminata, v. 459, 460. STEUDEL, vii. 19, 2 Stevia compacta, 2 & iii. 160. STEWART, Mr. ALEX., Valleyfcl, v. 993. n the cultivation of the Nelumbium speciosum, v vi. 422. ription of a pit for winter and early spring phe vi. 425. escription of a green- house at Valleyfield, vi. 225. Mr., of Blackheath, invented copper lap glazing, iv. 89. — ——— Sir James, vii. 199. — — —— Capt. Jonn, iv. 333. Stickney, Mr., ii. 149. Stock, having the leaves of the wallflower, i. Stocks, Doucin, iv. 411, 566. F: 566. 66. of different kinds in graft- — —- adapted v a soils, iv. 566. — proper ris: r the M et) Al ii. 19. plum, iv. 566. influence of upon the Moorpark apricot, v. 287. — pommier — iv. 411. paradis, iv. 411. 566. —— —- quince, iv. 7 —— — — remarks upon the comparative M nie Ph on them, vii. 213. Stocks, Siberian crab, 2 S. ii. 109; vi. 540. il 6 Stor, Henry, Esq. w notice of fruit exhibited by ‘him, iv : RI. STOFFELS, M. iv. 518; v. 404, 408; 2S. i. 331. apples sent by, iii. 316. tice of a mode of training peach trees on an inclined wall, iv. 140. apples and pears received from 47. OTHARD, Mr. Win LLIAM, observations on forcing garden rhubarb, vii. 190. SroruEnT, Mr. Henry, description of various modes of heating by steam, for horticultural purposes, 2 S. i. 197. T" denominated specularia by the Romans, Stove and pit heated by fire and steam, vi. 0; , vi. 445. for bulbs, mode of heating by steam, 2S. i. 198; figured, 197. for the growth of t m and cucumbers, vi. 505; figured, vi for pla ants, ace in the construc- tion of, by which bottom heat is imparted without the use of tan, ii. 387. plan of Mr. Kent's, ii. 388. for tropical plants, on the management of, 287. iii. 2 description and plan of one for tropical plants in the garden of Sir Abraham Hume, ü. App. —- — plants, observations on the cultivation of, i. 389. Smet Mr. Canes, account and descrip- tion of the different varieties of the onion, iu. 369. and — lion of the varieties ape ec radishes, iii STRANGE, Mr., 2 S. i. 544. Srraneways, Hon. W. F., 2 S. ii. 227, 378, i plants received from, 2S. ii. 417, 418, Siete glaucescens, 2 S. ii. 245, 867. Strateuma Miner i. 290. Stratiotes eoe i. 269. Straw employed for strawberry beds, i. 54, 55. Strawberry, vi. 496 ; 2 S. ii. 225. — ———— remarks on — — — remarks on the nené, i. 54; to keep their fruit clean, i. 56. INDEX. Strawberry, on the s of an obsolete mode of managing them ———— —— account of the beds of in Spring Grove Garden, i. 55. ———— — proper season and place for sowing, i. App. 10. on the preparation of plants for early forcing, v. 432. — ———— cultivation a ii. 390 ; vi. 101, 120, v vil. 90,842; 2. S. i. 84; 2 S 175. observations on their cultivation, with remarks on the rapid formation of their blossoms le^; fruit, iv. 479. tices respecting those cultivated for the market in Scotland, vi. 512. forcing, and on their cultivation in e houses, ii. 374. — forced, on their bearing a second crop, ii. 93. ——————— varieties raised by Mr. Knight, iii. 207 ————— account and description of the dif- ferent varieties cultivated and examined in the Society's garden, vi. selection of ere: vi. i. 917. Aberdeen, vi. 156. TES eedling, vi. 156. >=- Alpine; ii. 374, 395; vi. 105, 149 ; vii. 343. its cultivation, i. 159, 160 ; v. 241. —— — —— American, black, vi. 167. Bath, white, vi. 205. Beattie's seedling, vi, 188. arham Down, vi. 196. ——— Black, vi. I — — — ——- Beaco 182. Caaterbiity, vi. 182. — — — Gibbs's seedling, vi. 184. Isleworth, vi. 202. late Pitmaston, vi. 183. Pitmaston, vi 3. Prince, vi. Blood PN vi. 196. —— oe tock, iv. 508, 509 ; vi. 187, 515. Bullock’s-blood, vi. 199. —— —— p Ma vi. 196. i Round White, 205, 515. Strawberry, Carolina, White, vi. 205. ——— — herokee, vi vi. 204. Chili, iv. 17; vi. 205. — Flesh-coloured, vi. 205. ale Yello Chinese, vi. 190, "193, 515. — Cocks rg Pine, i iv. 205. — — ——— Cone, vi. 188. ———— Devonshire, vi. 190. —- Downton, iv. 197; vi. 185; vii. 342. ae, iii. 396. Dutch, v a Po Hed of the Downton, vi. 178. ———— Glazed Pine, vi. 515. Golden Drop, vi. 190. — — — Green, vi. 149. UB. vi. 207. Ne Grove End Scarle EEEE: ii. 393 3 vi. 149, 211, 515. usky, vi. 211. difficult to cross with other varieties, 1. 40. stated to be a polygamous plant, i. App. 10. its French appellation, i. App. 10. E vi. 215. Double Bearing, v vi. 214. n obtain- ing abundant autumnal crops ead 28.i. 399. Dwarf, vi. 214. — - Sir Joseph Banks’, vi. 214. INDEX. Strawberry, umet Zom Grove, vi. 214. nam, so called, vii. hei rar vi. 215. White, vi. 215. — — — .Hudson’s Bay, i ^ "205; vi. 515. — —— — Imperial, ii. 393; vi. 202. Black, vi. 202. Large Black, vi. 202. Wilmot's Black, vi. 208. Keens's Black, vi. 202. Imperial, ii. 101; ; vi. 201, Large-fruited, vi. 202. New Seedling, vi. 202. Seedling, vi. 200, 515; 2 S. ii. 175 ; 2 S. iii. 63; figured, v. 261. Pee On ng, vi. 204. ———— Knights, vi. 185. Seedling, vi. 185. Large Black, vi. 202. Whit te, vi. 205. —— —— Liverpool, vi. 190. — ———- Mahone, vi. 204. Methven Castle, i iv. 509. 344. 515. — —— Myatt’s ine, 2 S. ii. 118. — —— — Nairn’s Scarlet, v. 898. New Bath, vi. 188. North's Seedling, vi. ———— —— 190, 191, 196. — — —— Old Carolina, vi. 196. Pine, or Carolina, vi. 195. Scarlet, vi. 514 ; vii. 845. ————— Prolific Bath, vi. 188. — — —— Pine, ii. 376 ; vi. 148, 196. et, vi. 198. Black, vi. 182, 196. vi. 196 Cocluolias vi.1 Devonshire Salt, vi. 196. Glazed, vi. Hudson’ 8, vi. er Imperial, vi. 202. Isleworth vi. 202. "gini Black, vi. 200, 202. Strawberry, ae. v 15. vi. 205. d "Scar let, vi. 196. Oldaker’ s Ne un vi. 193. Prolific, vi . 156. Red, vi. 193. Begtuti s Favourite, vi. 196. Rostock, vi. 188. Whitley’ ^s, vi 188. ———— Hr Black, Early, vi. 175. —— — Rose, vi. —— Rose x Bora: v. . 260; its origin, db. ; vi. pec. 514, 539. figured, ii. 378. its adaptation for forcing, iv. 55. on its management in order to make it produce fruit through the late summer, autumn, and winter months, 234. iv. — — Rostock, vi. 188. Seedling, vi. 188. — — ——— Scarlet, ii. 375, 393; iv. 175. vi. 147, 152. upon its variations when pro- pagated by seeds, iii. 207. Americani: vi. 166, 168, 179. Atkinson’ 8, vi. 159. INDEX. Strawberry, Scarlet, Long, vi. 154. Long-fruited, vi. 154. Narrow-leaved, vi. 177. New. New Beth vi. 190, 196. North’s Large, vi. 192. Nova Scotia, vi. 160. Oatland 60. Original, vi. 152. Padley’s Early, vi. 154. Pitmaston Black, vi. 175. Princess Charlotte’ e's, Vi. 155. Prolific, vi. 160. Rostock, vi. 188. Scone, vi. 170. Scotch, vi. 156. Sir J oseph Banks’s, vi. 161. Southampton, vi. 173. —— Vernon’s, vi. 174. —— — — — — Wilmot's, vi. 181. oxcomb, v. 262. Late, vi. 181. New, vi. 181. —— — York River, vi. 168. etui Mice s, vi. - Surinam, vi. 193, 196, 204, 514; ——————— ——M _ ———— vii. 344. —. Sutton’s Large, vi. 193. Sweet Cone, vi. 186. ~ True ere vi. Eos 'arnish 196. age : 181 M eA VN vi. 1 White li, or = Carolina, n. 101. Wilmot’ s Black Imperial, v. 398. Late Scarlet, iii. 115. ———— seges Ae 181. = "ww uperb, vi. 208 ; figu —— — Wood, ii. 384; dn 149. Yellow Chili, vi. 103, 209. beds, viet sae: s. 189; figured, Santon Pear (Cactus triangularis), v exxvii Street, Mr. Jony, on the cultivation of plants in moss, vi. 437. on acclimatizing plants at Biel, in East Lothian, vii. 31. AMUEL SPYVEE, Esq., upon procuring new wood in old fruit trees vii. 417. Strelitzia Fiera i. 218 o ^ cmd i. 27 3. Zrguyyoy of Diosc., vi. 52. Struthiola Shi 2 h ii. 271, aa Nux Vomica, parasite on its trunk, 298. parece of Pliny, vi. 52. Stuartia marilandica, vi. 495. Srurce, Mr, 2 S. i. 198, 199. Ord veli» Governor, vi. 418. Styrax grandifolium, 2 S. ii. 263. Succory, on its cultivation, iii. 138. SupLow, Jonn, Esq., ii. 206; v. 406. apples sent by, iii. 315. notice of fruits exhibited by him, iv. 207, 217. SUFFIELD, Lady, iv. 66. Sugar Cane, 2 S. ii. 128, 139, 148, 157. Spes observation respecting its sap, ii ii. Plum (of sich inert v. 454. SurLIvAN, Sir C, 2 S. i. WRENCE, 2 S. 1. 546. Sulphate of Ammonia, 2 S. ii 1 58, 69, 74, 19, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 97, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. Maie 2 S. iii. ———— PS ii 37, 38, 48, 4, 46, 48, 50, Mes L9 95, 9 ————— Arn 73, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, ws 193, 194, 195. — — ———— Magnesia, 2 S. iii. 37, 38, 42 19, 80, 81, 84, 85, 8s. e 89, 191, 192, don 194, 195, 903, 204, 205, 206. 2c fii i. 15, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, En m: 85, 86, 87, 89, 191, 192, 193, boda: 1 GR M 42, 66, 67, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, '89, 94, 97, 99, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. Sulphur, 2 ME 9h is 46, 48, 50, 51. Sulphuret of Potas Sue Acid, 2 2 iii. 36, 6, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 19595,9,107 sures phate of Lime, 2S. iii. 88, 89, 91, 191, 192. gored Ps ii vii. 1; 2S. i. 536; 28. ii. 227, 2 INDEX. Surron, Jonn, Esq., iii. 321, 822, 329: Swatnson, Isaac, Esq., i. 63, 34. varieties of the apple ~ eultivated i in his garden, i. 66. ILLIAM, Esq., iii. 340. Swamp Laurel, iii. 201. SWARTZ, i. 282 ; vi. 282; vii. 28. Swayne, Rev. GEORGE, notisé of his cultiva- tion of the Vicia sylvatica, and of a seedling apple raised by him, iv. 141. Swayne, Rev. Cro ORGE, on the management of the fig-tree in the open - iv. venei spec dried figs, the produce of his tte, "edited iv. 564. on fertilizing the blos- soms of pear-trees, v. oat ———— the fertilization of the female blossoms of filberts, v y. i his mode of protecting the branches of fig-trees during winter, vi. 108. on the management of hot-house flues so as to keep up a nearly equal temperature dufing the Nr vi. 241. xr Mr. peu vi ; 2S. 1. 412 ; vii. 457; 28.i on the vo treatment of the Gloriosa sa tems iii. 21. n the destruction of cater- pillars on PIS v. 16. Sweet Pishamin, v. 455. Sweet Sop, v. 94. Swertia plantagi nea, 2 S. iii. 160. umbel ata, 2 S. iii. Th SwERTIUS, vii. 423. SWINBURNE, Sir Joun, Bart., ii. 121. letter "from on a suc- cessful method of raising onions, and pre- I the depredations of mice on seeds, SwINTON, ii. SWITZER, 2 Si i. "59, 62, 70, 277. Sykes, Si ISTOPHER, i. 121. ——— Colonel, is S. ii. 429 varieties of the vine from Dukhun, 2 28 ii. 170. plocarpus foetidus, des à Ems Alstonia, 2 s. iii. Syringe, Read's garden, iae v. 489. T. Tabernemontana uere vii. 55. Tas pon 74. Tablas, 2 S. iii exxvii Tacsonia quitensis, 2 S. iii. 155. Tape lucida, vii. —— Zypaguirensis, , 2 S. iii. 160. Taille d'Eté of the French, i. App. Tarsor, C. R. M., Esq., 2 S. ii. 234, 211. Talk or tale used for glazing by the Romans, i. 148. Tallies or Marks for Plants, description of a me- thod of numbering them, i ii. 947 ; figured, 7d. method of marking numbers on, vii. 288. 'Talinum ciliatum, vi. 291. Tamaratonga, 2 S. ii. 30. 'Tamarind, v. 83, 465. —— Brown, v. 461. ———— Velvet, v. 460, 461. White, v. 464. Tamarindus indicus, v. 465. Tamarix afra, 2 S. ii . 280 gallica, 2 S. ii. 245, 280. liba notis, 2 S. ii. 980. Tamotte bontal, iii. 351. yris, jii. 350. 'TANKERVILLE, Countess of, vi. 393. Earl of, i. 331; 2 S. i. 540. He Mr. Tuomas, apples exhibited by, ii. 313. . 96. Taratoufli, one of the early names of the po- tato, i. 9. — — — —- also a name for truffles, i. 10. Tar water prevents the gooseberry-fly from settling on the plants, iv. 568. Taxodium distichum, 2 S. iii. 152, 154. —— ———— sinense, 2S. - 256. 'Taxus baccata, 2 S. ii. 225. TAYLOR, Sir Hennenr, i iv. -— 2 Z 3234. —— ——— Mr. Jonn, communications respect- ing the glazing of list iode! iv. v. B4, 86, 87, 88. Tcha- Yeoa, vii. 524. Tchaw, vii. 557. "E Chinese name for the Diospyrus Kaki, 2 S. Tea, Babes. vii. 559. ree Tebsche, vi. 45. vii. 33. woes M high, 2 PS i 87, 89, 143; 2 S. iii. 179. INDEX. Temperature, high, sustained by Sir Joseph Banks and Fu Charles Blagden, ii. 134. ects of very high, on some species of Araig iii. 459. =——— low, 2 S. i. 299. in June, S. 1. 183. — —— ——- of England compared with those parts of Russia in a parallel latitude, i. 32. ——— —— —— effects of, on the sap of plants, ii. 130. pe hate in forcing-houses, ii. 130. —————— nce of great difference be- tween that ofc e and night, 2 S. ii. 537. ifference between that of valleys and adjoining elevations, i. 96. ———— — —- of the soil in spring, ii. 110. TenoreE, Dr., vii. 422, 424, 456. Tephrosia ? chinensis, vii. 58. Terre Glandes, ii. 359. Tetragonia cornuta, iv. 489, 490. -—— — expanss, vi Sit, A of, iv. 488, 491. n its cultivation, v. 282. — h alimifolia, i iv. a 491. Teucrium fruticans, 2 S. i 270. T he stemphyllun, i i. 106. Thalia dealbata, i i, Thea, the species described, vii. 519. S. ii. 256 ; vii. 559. B laxa, vii. 560. stricta, vii. 559. —— — can ntoniensis, vii. 560. UFU vii. 529. r. Bohea, vii. 560. viridis, vii. 559. —— cochinchinensis, vii. 561. —— euryoides, vii. 560. oleosa, vii. 522, 561. viridis, vii. 558, 559. S. ii. 255, 256. THENARD, v. THEOCRITUS, i. 365. 'Tugor PHRASTUS, iii. App. 24, 25, 26, 27; v. 36, 63; vi. 31, 36, 37, 39, 4 40, 4 42. "Thermopsis laburnifolia, vii, 245. nepalensis, vii. 245. Turgau, Dr., i. 87. Thibaudia acuminata, 2 S. i iii. 154, ——— pubescens, 2 S. m. Thleapi ath 2S. i. 466. T on, Fe vie ed 4H uson, I REDERIC t receiv CXxix Thelysia grandiflora, i. Tuompson, Mr., Mile Ea | iii. 204, 205. 25.3. 531. Jon, his method of preserving grapes till late in the season, iv. 181. OSEPH, review of the fifty kinds of Grapes described by —? in his “ Treatise on the Vine,” vii. 263. ROBERT, a S. li, 228, 427, 435, 437, 455; 2 S. iii. upon the va- rieties of apricot cultivated in the garden of the Society, 2 S. i. 56. qon oe the early purple Guigne cherry, 2 S. i. upon de. varieties of gooseberries, 2 S. i. 218. note on the Black Corinth Grape, 2 S. i. 246. report upon the prin- cipal varieties of the cherry cultivated in the garden of the Society, 2 S. i. 248. journal of meteoro- logical observations made at the garden of the ig c in 1830, 2 S. i. 297; 1831, 2 S. i. 943 ; 1832, 2 S. i. 419; 1833,2 S. i. 483; 1834, 2 S. ii. 1; 1835, 2-S.Ài. 73; 1836, 2 S. ii. 129; 1837, 2 S. n. 189; 1838, 2 S. ii. WEE 1839, 2 S. n. 481; 1840, 2 S. i1. 529; 1841, Pp ^ 1; 1842, 28. ni. 163; 1843, 2 S. iii. of some va- rieties of fruits sent to the e between 1831 and 1835, 2 S. ii. xis d on the Althorp Crassane a ^ S. ii. 119. ccount of some fur- ther experiments - Fora to the cultivation of potatoes, 2 S. ii. 156. account of the Ick- worth Imperatrice Plum, 2 S. ii. 522 "irt coltieations of the Oxalis Deppei, 2 8. i Tuoroton, Rev. Sir LE kf of a seed- ing, a? pippin raised in his ana “M. ANDR RE, i. 88, 93, 355; ii. 382, 383, 384; ii. 218, 220, 224, 225; iii. "a account of the Calville Apple, vi. 242. Rouge de Micoud i ee for alpine plants, i. | k we A 1 Jamrosade, i. App. Rs dtesisplistt od three species of dahlia, i. 86, 87. n the cultivation of the $ INDEX. TuoviN, M. ANDRÉ, cited respecting the ring- ing of fruit trees, ii. 383. M. Jean, substance of a memoir by, on the uses of scoriz of the forge in horticul- saag iii. App pp- 20. Tuovrs, Mrs., seedling peach exhibited by, iv. 513. TuunBeERG, i. 89; iii. 301, 302, 448; iv. 176, 382, 491, 552 £ vi. 74, 487 ; ; vii. 180, 239, "Thunder with hail, 2 S. ii. 143. in December, 2 S. i. 135. ied — 2 S. i. 458. TIBER Tide, Sakaki high, 2 S. iii. 21. Tigridia grandiflora, 9 avonia, ditocióhé pee its management during the winter months, vi. 106. 2 S. i ii. Tilia m a, 2 S. iii. 126, 128. Tillandsia quc i. 270. usneoides, used for packing plants, 2 S. ii. 379. TiwpALL, Messrs. GEonGE and WILLIAM, notice of a pear sent by them to the Society, vi. 396. Tobacco, 2 S. iii. 52. cultivation of, for garden purposes, 2 S. i. 208. experiments with, and constituents of, 2 S. iii. 39. Broad-leaved Virginian, 2 S. iii. 62. liquor, preparation of, for the destruc- tion of insects, vi. 533. Sheeraz, on its cultivation, 2 S. i. — ——- Virginian, 2 S. i. 209. iu. 151 0. TONES: iii. 342 ; 2 S. ii. 52. varieties iii. 347. Large Red, 2 S. iii. 61. Tomberong, v. 88. Tomi-tomi, v. 116. Tomxinson, Francis, Esq., iv. 509; vi. 187. Tonsella africana, v. 459. ———— rmis, v. 459. MUN Mr. ‘Tuomas, v. 481, 482; vi. instructions for forc- his mode of culti- ing cherries, iv. 109. vating figs, 481. CXXX Torsron, Mr. Tuomas, remarks u the comparative advantages of grafting pears upon quince stocks, vn. 213. Torymenes officinalis, i t. "583, 284. Tournerort, i ii. 844, 849, 350, 351; vi. 37, 48, 60; vii. 424. Tovar, Simon DE, of Seville, an early culti- vator of the Tuberose, i. 46, 47. Towers, Mr. G. Jouw, on the zin gam of the Balsam by cuttings, 2 S. i. 151. upon the cultiva- tion of the Melon, 2 S. i. vx rieties, and cultivation, vii. 180. Townson, Dr., i. 264. TRADESCANT, Joun, i. 94, 272, 352; vii. 9; 255. Tradescantia hende i. qr TRAILL, Mr. Jaa; 2 $i ii. d 455 ; on the species of Hoya, vii. 16. Trained trees, figured, i. 79. Training, balloon, v. 186. —_———— of fruit-trees, observations respecting, i. 79, ae ooseberry-trees, iv ————— horteodtal espalier, observations on, v. 44; figured, ib. 46, 47. the peach on an inclined wall, iv. 140. — ———— pendulous, vii. 94 ; figured, 95. — —— ——— standard apple-trees, v. 186. of vines on flued walls, figured, 2 S. i. 527. "d for cutting circular glass for hot- houses and conservatories, figured, iii. 246. Transplantation of preis with spindle-shaped . roots, vi. of blossom-buds, ii. 7. as regards fruit-trees raised from seed, i. 39. avoided in the cultivation of vegetables, iv. 559. t of plants from India, 2 S. i. Trapa natans, iv. 563. TRAQUHAIR, Earl of, v. App. i TRAVERS, RICHARD, Esq., iii. 324. Tice injured by the injudicious use of ma- ure, i. 6. —— n why old are more disposed to "u fruit than young, i. 110. ted standard, pruning and ma- a of, iii. 154. INDEX. Tremayne, J. H. Esq., 2 x: i. 458. Trevor, Misses, 2 S. ii. Trichonema caulescens, i i. d ——— —— collinum, i. mn i. 316. —— — —- roseu ; Trichopilia tortilis, 2 S. iii. 141. Triglochin bulbosum, i. 268. Trigonidium Egertonianum, 2 S. ui. 142. Trimeza lurida, i i. 308. Triphora pendula, vi. 294. Tristania faurifolia, 2 S. ii. 250. Triteleia laxa, 2 S. i. 413; fand, 411. Tritoma Burchelliana, 2 S. ii. : media, 2 S. n. 269, ds Tritonia croce get 1. 319. securigera, 1. Tropeolum peltophorum, 2 S. iil. P5 rosum, 2 S. iii. tube Troughs for aquatic and eae figured, y. 402 Travers Baron, 2 S. i. 259, 289. Tsha, vii, 557. Tap chalks Lee, vii. 239. Tsjetti-pu, iv. 335. Tsura-na, iv. 491. Tuberes of Pliny, iii à. €— on its ur s i 41; figured, 41. botanical description of L 42. “= Steg i. 46. — —— —- misapplication of the name, i. 48. Tuberous plans remarks on the fluid or sap of, i. — effect of destroying the im- mature blossoms of, i. 1 Tuckey, Capt., v. 91, 92, 440, 458. Tue iii. 109. acy, Mrs., iii. Tulipa Breyniana, i. 330. orroa Clusiana, i 1. 384. ~ persica praecox, i. 334. Tung-kwa, 2 S. pus 239. Turk's turban, vi. 56. Turner, CHAnLEs Hamppen, Esq. iv. 559; vi. 461, 464 ; vii. 21, 533, 546, 548, 553. r. Dawson, vii. Mr. Joun, his account of the Ipo- moea tuberosa, i. 184. ——— Jonn, account of the collections of apples exhibited at the meeting of ore j> 1818, with a list of approved sorts, exxxi Turner, Jony, substance of a memoir, by . Jean Thouin, on the use of the scoriz of the forge in horticulture, iii. App. 20. description of some varie- ties e; lc and apples received from Mech- lin, iv. 274. observations on the acci- dental intermixture of character in certain fruits, v. some account of a c lection of pears pee by the Dicey, in 1821, from Hervy, Director of the Luxembourg Garden, y. 126. description of some new pears, v. 404. Mr., notice Fenpeoting the mango in his journey to Thibet, ii. 463. ———— Wim Qus of ** Herbal ^ : 16. Turnip, v. n —— — 28.1 iris of. rearing its seed in the East Indies, v. 516. experiments with in steeping the seeds, 2 S. iii. 206. hints for classification of the, v. 28. Black, v. 28. Cabbage, v. 17, 18. Common, v. 18. — —— Decanter, v. 28. early Dutch, 2 S. m. 61. discs v. —— Y DLE y..29. d, y. 28. y. 28, Teltow, olia of, vi. 118. — 3 White, v. 25. ———— White Globe, 2 S. iii. 61. Turpentine, Cyprus, vi. 40. Tussac, M., i. 382; v. 85, 90, 96. TUSSER, Tuomas, i i. : 93, 154; his list of fruits and plants cultivated in ens, i. 155. Twamuey, Josran, Esq., iv. 124, 1 126 ; apples from ringed branches exhibited by bor: iii. 367. Twickenham, remark on the soil of, i. 65. Tynningham, account of holly hedges at, vii. 195. s2 INDEX. U. Ulex europzeus, double variety, s eel do uble, 2 S. 1. d e in 335. "25. nut 2 S. ii. trictus, 2 S. ii. ifo $25. 245. UN campestris, 2 S. ii. 217 glabra, 2 S. ii. n suberosa, 2 S. ii. notice of a new variety of, v. 146. Urrient, Mr., 2 S. i. 546. Urate, manure, 2 S. iii. 96. Urine, ien 2 S. iii. a. A 50, 51. Uropetalon longifolium, vii. 74. UvEDALE, Dr., i. 347, 352, 366. Uvularia chinensis, 1 i. 331. V. Vaccinium acuminatum, 2 S. iii. 158. —— um, vi. 496. —— Arctostaphylos, vi. 60; 2 S. ii. 280. brachystachyum, 2 8. "a NC densiflorum, 2 S. iii. 158. empetrifolium, 2 S. iii. 156. epacridifolium, 2 S. ii. 158. hispidulum, ii. 94. acrocarpum, i. 75 ; iv. 483. Madeira, on its cultivation, vi. 59. 280. HARD, ropagated the Florence cherry, ii. 229, w? pag on a method of — early cucumbers, iv. 455. VAH Valerian bracteata, 2 S. i ii. 158. — — ——— hirtella, 2 S. iii. 154. ————— taceo yt 2 S. iii. 155. ————— planta ginea, 2 S. iii. 156. Valerianella eriocarpa, vi. — — — —— locusta, vi. 584. Valleys, jik: on the climate and soil of, i. App. 16. VALLET, rum an excellent figure of the Valonia, vi. Valla purpurea 2 S. ii. 221. Vanda multiflora, vi. 280 V ANDES, Comtesse DE, i. 205, 280, 332 ; vi. 75. Vandesia edulis, 7. d. s treatment, i. 333. Vanilla vlanifolia, i 295; its cultivation, 296. VAN HovrrE, M., 2 S. iii. E Van Mons, Jean Baptiste, M.D., iv. 215, 274, 519, 521; v. 266, "404, 401, 408, 410; vii. 151. on the cultivation of Lobelia fulgens in Belgium, ii. 153. notice of a box of pears sent by him to the Society, ii. 403. ! s on grafting, NE and Tt Kia roses, vi. 317 the cultivation and variation of Brussels DEUS, iii. 197. frintirana Ar ulv"Wu VC» received from, 2 o ^ 415. Vara de S. Josef, i. Variety, a bcs Ain or r local, its definition, iv. 21. —— ——— an EIU. y definition, iv. 22. V AUPEL, Mr., 2 S. ii. 170, 172. Veau, Francis Le, i i. 352. Vegetables, cross-bred, v. 377. ——__———— remarks on the dissemination of, i. E — esculent, used in China, v. 49. —— —— ——- used as esculents in North Ame- rica, iv. oo st of monographs on, vi. 563, 564. Vegetable kate fittest for manure in a fresh state, i. 248. — — ——— marrow, description and account of, ik 255. fi T (Laurus persea), v. 96. e process of, i. 217. effects cts produced. on, by the combi- nation of heat and moisture at different periods of the year, vi. 432. aspect of, in mountainous districts, i. App. "m — ————- _ comparative progress of, in Russia and England, i. 32. ——— promoted by T 233. riments for promoting, with vos. i i. E 235. b Ver Mr. James, 2 S. i. 5 Vela, or curtains used by the isk i. 148. Vella pseudo-cytisus, vi. 499. INDEX. Veltheimia media, vii. 40. Velvet Tamarind, v. 460. VENABLES, Rev. JAMES, on enriching the soil of gardens by fresh vegetable manure, ii. 189. , on raising apple trees . from pips, 2 S. i. 39. VENIER, . Ls, i. 363. VENTENAT, M., i. 304, 311. his separation of the genus Homeria from Morea, i. Ventilation, v. 228 ; vi. 380 improves the flavour of fruits, ii. 109. of uec AREE ii. s hot-houses, 1. 151; 24. pea ih hod 1 i 927. Ventilator, self-regulating, for hot-houses, v. 502; She Sans , 908. or hot-houses, self-acting one, — aun, vi. 142. Verangeane, vii. 83. Veratrum frigidum, 2 S. iii. 123. Verbascum M yconi, i. App. 21. Verbena Melindres, 2 S. 1. 286. triphylla, i. 177 ; vii. 40. VERE, James, Esq., i. 270; iii. 104 ; iv. 346. VERLEUWEN, Mt, plants received from, 2 S. ii. 412, 414. VERNON, Mr., iv. 508 ; vi. 174, 188. Vernonia rubricaulis, 2 S. iil. 160. Veronica decussata, vii. 41; 2 S. ii. 240, 250. Verret, Mr. James, notice relative to the management of the Crinum amabile, with some account of the plant so named, and ob- servations on it, iv. Vestia lycioides, 2 S. ii. 285. Viburnum, 2 S. i. 465. cassinoides, 2 S. ii. 263. cotinifolium, 2 S. ii. 268. discolor, 2 S. iii. 138. molle, 2 S. iii. 160. ichinchense, 2 S. i. 155. inus, 2 S. ii. 220, 237, 245, —.——— triphyllum, 2 S. iii. 160. Vicia atropurpurea, vi. 291. ViLANFAGNE, i iv. 219. VILLET, vi. 292. Villa, Roman, Gloucestershire, described by Mr. Lysons, i. m VirLans, M., v. ViLwonrx, M., iii. i. 199; 272, 278, 282, 437, 439, 442; i iv. 12, 385, 881, 488; v. 3, 19, CXXXili ot vi. 135, 138, 306, TA jn vii. 12, 5:848. 1.'211, 381; 28.1 C M., com hei: plaine of ne raa relative to the varieties of the almond, iv. 40 4 and on some varieties of the onion, iv. 410. ote e. respecting the Mon- sieur le Curé báo d on the improvement of the wild carrot, 2 S. ii. 348. fruit trees received from, 2 S. i. 415. Vinca major, 2 S. ii. 226, 232. Vine, hopes entertained of making it yield its | fruit without artificial aid, i —— two new varieties of, 3 31. 1 the length of time it requires to attain maturity, i. 39 effects of injudicious pruning of, i. 102. composition to heal the wounds of, i i. 102. experiments a improving the matura- tion of its fruit, i. new method = training, i. 143, 144, 171. method of training in frame a remarkably fruitful one at ancient ~ Romie, i. 153. much cultivated by the Romans, i i 153. training of, figured, i. 171. instance of a single branch introduced into a stove, bearing grapes before the buds in the open air had “pushed, i. App. 19. Vines, on the cultivation of, in forcing- -houses, ii. 1 temperature of the soil conducive to their vegetation, ii. 110. experiments on, with liquid manure, ii. 8. account of a method of forcing, ii. 245. description of a ) ge mode of training them under glass, iii —— observations on the training of, on the open wall, iii. 250. at ind s House, iii. 334. description of a moveable frame for train- ing them in a house to protect them from frost, and to facilitate the operationof pruning, ii. 335. to stop their bleeding, iii. 337. ——— in pots, iii. 363; iv. 439, 560. —— improved method of planting them for forcing, iv. 4. effects of ose dg iv. 127. account of a aem common ,1V oris dt oF veining, figured, iv. 247, 248, 249, 252, 253. : INDEX. Vines, excitability induced in, iv. 439. quantity of mould coe relatively to ben extent of foliage, iv. 440. fting, iv. 495 ; v. 201; 2 S. ii. 114 —— plan. exposing their branches, i iv. 567; figured, 7b. —— bleeding of, v. 201, 202. —— borders, composition for, v. 473. varieties of, best adapted for late crops, i Me vnu. ning of, on open walls, at Thomery, near pe arches vii. 373 ; ‘figured, 375. ty its cultivation upon the open wall, 2 i. 51. cultivation of, 2 S. i p P peculiar direi for training, 2 S. ii. —— training of, on flued walls, 2 S. ii. 525; figured, 527. experiments on their rate of growth, 2 S. ii. 103. —— observations on their rate of growth at different periods of the day, 2 S. iii. 247. iii. 337. Large, v. 471, 47 T; produce of, 477. Red —: 1, lii. 834. pare ampton Court, iii. 334. Vineries with arched ot Yi 3 trellises, at vari- vi. 522; at Castle si on, i. 1 » ——— Early, figured, ‘vii. ———— plan of one at Elect, heated by hot water, vii. 07. section of M doni ii. 247. omes us , Vii. ——— med at Shabden Court, iv. 256. Vineyards of Italy, tpe P i. 110. marks on, Vino Mescal, 2 S. iii. . 119. M uu iv. T — giendiflora, p 19. ——— lutea, iv. 19. Violets, Neapolitan, treatment of, iv. 109. of "arma, iv. 109. Vaiti 865 ; ii. 252; iv. 453; 2 S. iii. 197. tion from respecting the cherry, Viscum album, analysis. s 2 S. ili. 53. mie sue 2 S. iii. —— ——— squam migerum, 2 7 in. 158. Vitex Ages cats v vi. 46. Vitis cæsia, v. 447. odoratissima, vi. 496. Ms Joun Henry, Esq. d TS: n. 227, 285, Vind v. 92. Voanerom me, v. 93. na Cavin, vi 1:58. Volkemeris i inermis, 2 S. ii. 226. Voutaca, v W: Wachendorfia brevifolia, i. 326. Wainscot, Dutch, 2 S. i. 338 Warcor, WILLIAM, io. 4 —(— of wicker protectors for mad Midi vi. WALDSTEIN, v. 33, P WALKER, D vi. OHN, — — ——— Josera, [n s "2 $i ii. 227, 235, 266. Vp Judge, iii. 256. ALLICH, Dr., vii. Pref. ; i y. 1865; vi 276, 298; vn. 24; 2 S. 1. 46, 457, us i. 409. notice of seeds of a new cu- cumber, from Nipal, transmitted by him. with an account of the cucumber, iv. 136. upon preparation and ma- nagement of Ns during a voyage from ia ia, 2 S. 1 pias received from, 2 S. ii. 414. Wall, Hollow, account, description, and plan of, iv. 244. Walls, garden, observations on — Pn them as it affects “se ripening of fruits, iii n the construction of piers spa copings of, iv. - 269. on blackening, vi. 452. —— ML iv. 140. Wall-flower, vi. 313. —— trees, remark on the defective training of, erc description of a screen for protect- ing, iv. 93; fi 94. Ecos male fastening, iv. 569. ———— protection of their blossoms, v. 404 directions for opone protecting the effects of frost, i. 109; mode of figured, 10. WauwsLEY, Mr. Jonn, account of a slate- trough made by him, vi. 543. INDEX. Walnut, qan of its varieties by bud- ding, iii. ipis of being induced to early fruit- fulness, 1. 5. two sorts of cultivated by the Romans, i. 154. preservation of through the winter, i. trees, improvements in the culture of, 5. advantages of grafting them, i. 60. account of one which bore at an early period from seed, i upon grafting it 2 S. i. 214. highflyer, iv. 517. leaves, efficacy of the infusion of in destroying worms, vi. 114. Wars, Rosert, LL.D., observations y and an account of, plants growing in the neigh- bourhood of Constantinople, vi. 32. Wanibé, v. 451. Ware, Mr., Tonbridge, vi i. 394. Warne eR, Mr., introduced the Hamburgh grape, iii. 117. " i282 Me. dom James, Esq. ii 371; v. 308; vi. 565 n the ——— and the varieties of the Perea onion, i = apple exhibited’ by, v 268. Warna, Ricuanp, Esg., apple exhibited by, v. 401. Wise Mr. ng cree - the cultivation of the pine-apple, 2 S. i. Water, method of Posh to plants in addu iii. 14. spring, at all times too hard for the nourishment of plants, iv. 395. effects of supplying it at various tem- peratures to fruit-tree borders, 25.1.55 experiment with in seed-steeping, 2 S. iii. 204, 205, 206. Water-cress, ative tion of, iv. 537 varieties of, iv. 587 ; 28. i ii. 62. 102. on, vi. Want. Mr. M., 28i. 531, 534, 540, p am Mr., plants a pi from, 2 S. i Sir WirLiAM, i. 140. Deer, E chesnut-trees sent by him to S. rove, i. 140. Watsonia fulgens, pring fulgida, i. 323. Mariana, iv. 154 ; 2 S. ii. 268. CXXXY Watsonia rosea, iv. 155. viridifolia, B, i. 323. Watta-Kaka-Codi, vii. 28. Wax Palm, 2 S. iii. 150, 161. Way-Way (Mango), v. 114. Wess, Cuanrzs, Esq., 2 S. iii. 35. WEBSTER, JAMES, Esq., account of his exhibi- tion of currants in November, vii. 96. Wepewoon, Jonn, Esq., ii. 219; iv. 388 ; 2 S. iii. 35. the idea of esta- blishing a society for the improvement of horticulture originated n i. Pref. s observations on the culture of the dahlia in the northern parts of Britain, i. 113. hod of destroy- ne n PPD lanigera, or iian Blight, the cultivation of the underground M x some other onions, iii. 403. count of an ex- periment with Buda ds iv. 570. his mode of blanch- mg Buda kale in the manner of sea-kale, vi. upon the cultiva- tion of late celery, vii. 91. Tuomas, Esq., ii. 3. Weeks, Mr. Epwarp, notice of a frame con- structed by him, iii. 1 Weimar, His Royal Highness CHARLES ÅU- custus, Grand Duke of, account of a species of casuarina growing in the gardens at Bel- videre, iil. WEI AE Professor, plants received from, 2 S. ii. 412 Wiss, Mr. JACOB, iii. 256. WzLBANE, Capt. Roser, vi. 460; vii. 522, 533, 546, 553. WELLS, Dr., ii. 288 ; vi. 4, 19, Mr. Josgen, x 149; vi. 358, 360, 362, 363; vii. 146, 1 on the cultivation of Chinese ~ gh ag aars i Is 511. LIAM, Esq. 9 vi. 3 4, 326, 336 ; vii. * 143; 2t i, 5981; 28. Rh, ah 231, 426. Wetsteap, CHARLES, Esq., account of vines growing at his seat at Valentine’s House, iii “Capt; ii. 279; iv. 338, 344; vi. WEN ENMAN, Mr., iti. 245. WENTWORTH, E nas, Esq., i. 336. WERNER, Y. Werneria densa, 2 S. iii. 156. INDEX. Werneria disticha, 2 S. iii. 157. bigena, 2 S. iii. 154. Wzs IUS pow notice of his mode of grow- tig onions, lv. 138. Sdekription of a forcing-pit, iv. 220. Westenra, Hon. Jonn, 2 S. i. 546. foe ee rosmarinifolia, 2 S. ii. 250. Waar ILLIAM, account of a plan of genie stoves by means of hot water, vii. 203. WHARNCLIFFE, ud 2 S. 1. 75. WnaTELY, Mr., ii. Wheat brought by “depress to perfection in England, i. 22. — how to adapt the seed to the soil, -ealoulation of the average produce of, — experiments with in steeping the seeds, 2 S. iii. 204. - hill, of India, account of, i. 8, 11. from Exe LO om Guzerat, i. 22. WHEELER, THOMAS, Esq. i i. 232. r., li. 250. Whirlwind, 2 S. i. 499. WHITBREAD, SAMUEL, Esq., vi. 160. WHITE, (Selborne, ) 2 S. ii. 2 34. — Capt. ‘THomas, 2 S. i. 143. ——— 5. WnurrriELD, Tuomas, Esq., 2 S. i. 1 plant received from, 2 S. ii. 420. Wuiteneap, Mr., 2 S. ii. 400. WnrriNG, Mr., 2 S. ii. 455. Wuittey, | Mr., i. 183. E, Messrs., iii. Brame, 204, 281, 278 ; iv. 258, 286, 298; vii. '231, 441. WnirsnE»n, Lady, iii. 179, 181. a successful grower of the rf carnation, iv. 556. Whordéber: , iv. 485. beer light Hon. Winniaw, iii. 308 ; "m ue memoranda res ture of fig trees in the open air in gland, iii. 14. fg oF W IDNALI, M . 2 S. i. 546 WILBRAHAM, s i de ii. 140 ; iii. 320; iv. 209 ; v. 278, 407 potatoes exhibited by him, ii. 400. ount of two mulberry-trees at Holkham Hall, iii. 392. notice of a poser raised by, iv. 209. notices of fruit ex- hibited by him, iv. 215. pears exhibited by, iv. 519. specimens of Scarlet Nonpareil exhibited by, i iv. 561. WILLDENOW, i i. 88, 131, 263 ; ii. 276 ; iii. 219, 220, 228; iv. 281, 282, 326, 461, 462; vi. 37, 73, 276, 280, 288; vii. 235, 236, 420, 421, 437, Wittram, notice of apples from the Isle of Wight exhibited by him, ii. 06. apples sent by, iii. 314. WirkiNsow, Rev. Tuomas, ii. 173. is observations on the form of hot-houses, i. 161, 199. WILLIAMS, aud GEORGE, i ii. 456. ————— sq; ii. 200, 265, 266, 268, 327, 329, 311; iii. 65, 267, 332; iv.-127 ; Y. 24; vi. 103, 158, 175, 177, 183, 187, 209, 2 10, 230; vii. 194; 2S. 1, 250308 M. ii. 128, 227, 234, 2 — count of a method of hastening the snc of grapes, i. 107. e culture of the mulberry, and on forced bees bearing a second crop, ii. 91. arks on the Ver- delho grape of Madeira, i ii. 106. n the cultivation of pa vine in fobcibg-bonsek; with observations o forcing peaches, ii. por on promoting the early fruitfulness of apple and pear trees, when raised from seed, il. - the fences most eligible for gardens idt orchards, ii. 354. \ mens of grapes ex- hibited by him, iii. um E aecount of the Pitmas- ton white cluster grape, with some observa- tions on the training of vines on an open wall, iii. 249. account and description of the Martin Nonpareil, iii. 456. INDEX. Wits, Jonn, Esq., remarks on the Siberian crab as a stock for - Amen pippin, unt of the Alexan- drian Ciotat grape, iv. eh notice of a. raspberry raised by him from oL iv. 55. notice of a peach raised by him, iv. 210. his substitute for ringing fruit-trees, iv. 123. notices of fruit exhibited by him, iv. 214. notice respecting the Pitmaston orange imp V n the cultivation of the Alpine strawberry, v. - 947. notice of a seedling pear raised by him, v. 265. on the cultivation of melons in the open "n y. n the cultivation of the phor rose and of pa tender Chinese roses, y budding on the musk cluster rose, v. 369 particulars of a mode of . cultivating feanbannes, m des datio. of a self- acting ventilator for hot-housos, vi. 1 he treatment of the golden pippin, vi. 539. on the probable cause of the russet on apples, vii. dr cation respect- ing the Nice black der ae ii. 112. n the cultivation of melons in open frames, 2 S. ii. wren Mr. R RICHARD, i. T 334 ; ii. 250 ; ii. 93; vi. 477; vii. 419, 483, 485. ce of the Wa- noti terloo hyacinth exhibited by him, iv. 413. Esperione grape- vine grown in his nursery, iii. 93. le sent by, iv. 529. boda ; an account of an easy method of destroying caterpillars on gooseberry-bushes, vii. 403. —— —— — — Ronznr, xia i. 286. WirLrAMsoN, Rev. WiLLiaAM, ii. 989; v. 9138, 315, 316, 317. on the cultiva- tion of mushrooms in exhausted cucumber or melon beds, iii. 6 on the culti- vation of the balsam, iii. 127. n the causes of decay in fruit-trees, particularly apples, ui, 291. exxxvii WiLLraMsoN, Rev. Wi ILLIAM, notice of a mode of destroying ants, iii A n the culture ‘of the Amaryllis sarniensis, or Quiet lily, iii. 447. n the culti- vation of the filbert, CURVA "the method of pruning as practised near Maidstone, in Kent, iv. 145. n the culti- vation of the ranunculus En. pe iv. 914. of preserving geraniums enlaces) during the winter, iv. 414. WiLLock, Sir Henry, vi. 553, 555, 559, 560. plants received from, 2 Bi 418. Vs ie 3 i. 465. sweet, pene on its rate of geil 2 S. iii. —————— ations on its rate wie at different. parks of the day, 2 s i. 247. 4 Willughbeia orci y. Wiser, Mr., 2 S. i. us 544, 546. Wirwor, Mr. p N, i. 104 ; ii. 202; iii. 328, 345, 392; iv. 523; vi. 180, 181, 203, 208 ; 73.3 535, 540, 542, 543, 544. — — ———- on destroying slugs in a: ii. 22. remarks on the mode of ~ budding and grafting standard fruit-trees, i. 215. apples exhibited by, iii. 313. LL — — specimens of a strawberry sent by him to the [ro ii. 115. LLL ——-—— his mode of growing toma- toes, iii. 345. notice of two plums exhi- bited by him, iii. pti ———————— tion by on the advantages of Fresh pro over decayed, iv. 55. _ notices of fruits exhibited by him, iv. 205, 206, 207, a 214, | 216. pear exhibited by, iv. 518. apple exhi , iv. 523. strawberry exhibited by, v. 262, 398 ; vi. 392. grape exhibited b% v. 264. Lewisham, vi. 163. Wirworr, Mr. Jonn, g , Capt. Henry, iv. 342. 21 e T HN Poe vi. 396. -~ Mr. i upon the cultivation of T tobacco for garden purposes, 2 S. i. 20. INDEX. Wizsow, Mr. Joun S., 2 S. i. 536; 2 S. ii. 221, 266, 437, 455. Mr. Rozert S., 2 S. ii. 227, 455. = TOR apples sent byi iii. 314. wer Lodge, 2 S Wilts and f vene Horticultural i cats: 28. ii. 445. Winchester Horticultural Society, 2 S. ii. 445. Wine, on making from the leaves of the claret ape, li. 1 = ens Madeira, i n. 329, superior strength of those of La Mati ii. 109. Winterana aromatica, 1.25. Wisz, Rev. H., — it. 113. WITHERING, v. WITHERS, gn vi. 552; 28. i. 72, 170, 2 Witsenia corymbosa, i. 311. — —— —- maura, i. 312. tomentosa, i. 912. WirzTHUM, Mr., ii. 1 Wood, analysis of oak, 2 8. in. 55. 55. fir, 2 S. iii. apple, v. 118. s es, 2 S. ni. 96. Woonin, E. J. H., Esq., i. 268, 292, 294, 295, 326, 342; iii. 995. introduced the Pas- siflora racemosa, iv. 260. introduced a spe- cies of the dahlia, i. 97. — —— Sir Ratps, vi. 281, 282; 2S. i. 24. WoopwAnD, Mr., his description of the Crambe maritima, i. YA WonLEnGE, i. 230. Worms, to remove from the roots of plants grown in pots or tubs, vi. 114. Wormwood, Common, 2 S. iii. 62. — — — Roman, 2 S. iii. 62. WonTLEY, wer Ses, Esq., i i. 87; iv. 16; vi. 406. mode of treating fruit trees ei i in his garden, iii. 37. his answers to queries respecting e phaea of eie. m iege a m his garden, vii. 54. Were ain Velata, E l. 328. oe X. Xallé, vi. 38. fue oe dulcis, v. 116. VEJI Ximeni ———— ? lan ceolata, vi. 69. Xiphidium jtini, i. 326, 327. —— — —— flori undum, i 1. 926. Xiphium sordidum, i. 303 Xuquilite, or Ink Plant, 2 S. ii. 129. Xylophylla latifolia, vii. Xyris operculata, i. 32 ds Y. Yares, James, Esq., i. 236. ccount of some exotics possessed by him, i. 242, 243. account of some orange and lemon trees growing against a wall in his garden, iv. 142. notice relative to the a of the American aloe in his garden, v. 389. Tiris and Cox, Messrs., notice of nails for fruit trees manufactured by, iv. 418 Yeast, its use in bark beds, 2 S. i. rci Yellanga of the Telingas, v. 118. Yellow Plum of Sierra Leone, v. 450. — of the West Indies, v. 99. Yerba de San Pedro, 2 S. ii. 398. ew berries attractive to wasps, iii. 260. instance of their not attracting was ps, iv. 108. Yew tree, 28. n. 225, 226. —— pro gation of, ii 261. Yew kang, a se fruit, 2 S. ii. 241. Yonx, Duke "aps vi. "160. Youlan, iv. 59. Youna, ARTHUR, Esq., his calculation of cn average produce of an acre of wheat, 189. s Vi 72 8.1. Messrs., vii. 151, 153, 544. Sir SAMUEL, iii. 322 ; v 315. j Siem: sent by, iii. _ a 314. Yucca filamentosa, 2 S. ii. 945. - gloriosa, 2 S. i ii. 245, 263. cilis ii. 263. INDEX. Z. Zacatecas, vegetation of, 2 S. im. 120. ZACHARY, Munssf Mvckrow, Esq., apples exhibited by, iii. 315. Zakkoum, v. 89. Zamia horrida, mode of the development of young plants from the scales, figured, vi. 503. Zamias, on their propagation, vi. 501. 2 S. i. 115. . 94. ZEA, Don FRANCISCO, Y . 200. Zea Mays, experiments in its culture by the application of oxygen, i. Zederacht, vi Zedoary of the shops, i i. 285. cidit: candida, 2 S. ii. 286. APR T vi. 284. "SEE 2 S. iii. 118. DERECWER cies Zigadenus glaberrima s, i oleanic Zizania Ta grown in a pond at Spring 22. Grov m experiments with the seeds L Ziijus Fake, v. 123. Zouk touk, a Chinese implement, 2 S. iii. 239. ZUBOW, Count Demetrius, account of his steam pits at St. Petersburg, i iii. 430. iv. 468. Zurzack, v. 95. Zygomenes axillaris, i. 271. London: Printed by Wittram Crowes and Soxs, Stamford Street.