rie Q HOR 4 FLORA CAPENSIS: ie 3 BEING A v. yeoee Pe SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLanrs¢ ~0\ OF THE UAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, AND PORT NATAL (AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES) BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS. EDITED BY SIR ARTHUR WILLIAM HILL, K.C.M.G., M.A., Sc.D., D.Sec., F.R.S. DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW, HONORARY FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. Published sie: the authority of the Government * he Union of South Africa. VOLUME V. Sscrion 2 (SupPLEMENT). GYMNOSPERMZ. ‘LOEN LipRee— _ PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY _ WILLIAM CLOWES AND 2 PREFACE. WHEN the Flora Capensis was originally planned, it was intended to include the Gnetacew, Conifere, and the Cycadacee. The descrip- tion of Welwitschia was prepared for the purpose several years ago by the late Professor H. H. W. Pearson, and the Conifers were described by Dr. O. Stapf, F.R.S., late Keeper of the Herbarium and Library. Sir William Thiselton-Dyer, the Editor of the later volumes of the Flora Capensis, had always intended to write the account of the South African Cycadacee after his retirement, but failing health prevented him from carrying out the project, to which he had for many years devoted considerable study. Shortly before his death he handed over to me the material he had collected together and his notes, expressing the wish that I should undertake the work. While in South Africa in 1930, I was able to discuss the matter with Dr. Rattray, who has made careful studies of the South African Cycads in the field, and has grown most of them in his garden. He very kindly agreed to collaborate with Mr. J. Hutchinson, F.L.S., in the preparation of the descriptions of the Cycads for this supplemental volume. While Mr. Hutchinson is mainly responsible for the technical descriptions, Dr. Rattray’s intimate knowledge of the plants, as they grow in South Africa, has added very greatly to the value of the undertaking. The account of Welwitschia has been supplemented by Mr. Hutchinson to bring it up to date in the light of recent know- ledge. It has been raised to family rank as distinct from Gnetacew (Gnetum and Ephedra), with which it has probably little in common apart from the Gymnospermous character. Dr. Stapf has largely re-written his descriptions of the South African Podocarpacee and Cupressacee. . The publication of this supplemental part of the Flora Capensis has been made possible by the generosity of the Government of the Union of South Africa, who on learning, through Kew, of the desire expressed by Botanists in South Africa for an account of the Gymno- sperms, made a grant of £40 towards its publication. vi PREFACE. The history of the inception and completion of the Flora Capensis, which deals with the flowering plants proper—A ngiosperme—was published by Sir William Thiselton-Dyer in the Kew Bulletin, 1925, pp. 289-293, and his valedictory preface will be found in Vol. 7 Sect. 2, Part IV, of the Flora Capensis, written on 23rd September, 1924. For the loan of herbarium material from South Africa we are much indebted to Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., Director of the Botanical Survey, to the Forestry’ Department in South Africa, and to the Directors of the Cape Town and Albany Museums. ARTHUR W. HILL. Roya Boranic Garpens, Kew, Marca 25, 1933. Addenda. E. kosiensis. p. 28, 5 lines from below, after unbranched, insert :— (see also (4) kosiensis). p. 34, after notes to no. 4, H. kosiensis (Hutch.), add :— A letter from Col, Molyneux, received — oe to alert — a few inches above the san coast, but on cultivation produces a short aerial stem, as in some other specie: OrpDER CXXVI. WELWITSCHIACEZ. (By H. H. W. Pearson.) Flowers unisexual or pseudobisexual. Male meee Pree ower : Envelope of 2 imbricating whorls ;. ove! whorl of 2 lat ti ‘ 6 serted ; fila anthers somewhat 3-lo ed when sold ok 3-celled, dehiscing by 3 thes single sae cai into a tubular micro en sharp rply bent near the middle, expanding at the tip into an exserted glandular- papillose stigmatiform disc. Female flower : Envelope bottle-shaped, Vv 8 micropylar tube irregularly labiate or fimbriate, but not expanded 8 the ape e tened, closely invested by d en- the win. e ope; endosperm starchy, wedge-shaped below, retuse above, sSpporaee the withered nucellar cap (perisperm) ; radicle erect ; dt 2, rarely 3, narrow-linear; suspensor long, coiled, persistent Genus » Species 1, confined to the coast region of South West Dis ; Africa, from about iba 8. in Ang ola (south 2 gmail to the tropic of Capricorn, in Great Masonguadand WELWITSCHIA,* Hook. f. (Lumboa Welw.). Characters as for the family. 1. W. Bainesii (Carr. Conif. ed. ii. 783 (1867) ); fact pety (hypocotyl) woody, covered by thick corrugated cork, sometim fused with other individuals, when injured exuding a = copious gummy secretion congealing in alcohol, broadly obconic or turbinate, con- * Name conserved according to International rie : 7 2 WELWITSCHIACEZ (Pearson). | Welwitsehia. cave on the top, more or less circular or elliptic in horizontal section, rising }~1 ft. above the ground, 1-3 ft. in diam. at the top ; epicotyl eee to 2 leaf-bearing grooves and floriferous cushions forming ised rim around the top of the hypocotyl isan at the fonder diameter, and a depressed and early arrested stem apex, at length buried beneath two coalescent corky expansions overlying a concave summit of the pe tyl et ate a from the buds ori imm ately beneath, each leaf; male spike bearing 40-70 axillary flowers in 4 rows; bracts connate, deca pair or 2 pairs barren; flowers concealed by the bracts until the exsertion of the anthers ; female spike bearing 40-60 flowers in 4 rows; lowest 6-10 pairs of bracts os in size from below upwards, barren, the lowest 2 or pairs connate. Except the cinonvas tube, the naked seed com- pletely ‘concealed by the bract at maturity. Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. O07, fig. 68 a and b. Tumboa Bainesii, Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1861, oes . Nan in Rev. Hort. 1862, 186; Rendle in Cat Pl. Welw. ii. 257 (1899) ; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. ii. 3; 85 (1 troilifera, We in Gard. Chron. 1862, 71 a G. Linn. tt. 1-14 (1863), and in Bot. Mag. tt. 5368, 5369 ite A MeNab i in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. t. 40 (1873) ; Monteiro, er. 2, 664 (1898); Warburg, Kimena-Sambesi Exped. women - 6 A pitieel Karsten & Schenck, Veg.-Bild. i. t. 25 (1903) ; PR Kew Bull. 907, 347, pl. 2, figs. 3-5; L. Schultze, Namaland & Kalahari, t. 3 a 907) ; M. G. Sykes in T . Linn. ser. ii. vii. 327, t. 34-5 ora Velenovsky, Vergl. ashes: PAL iii. os (i916): iv. Suppl. t. 1 (1913); Coulter & Chamberlain Morp h. Gymnosp. 365, 366 , 374, 399 (1910) ; Church in fos Trans. (B) cev. jeer 115, with figs. ; Pearson in Prain Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 333 (1917). Sourn-West Arrica: Namib region from north of Sandfisch Ba y (233° 8 to the northern boun , and continued al the | orient apg ies Cia" Sy along the low coastal belt of Angola i ‘eo i dg of — Pen not be so rare as has generally been su an accoun e Diamond Fields Advertiser, Fambactes for April 1982, W bth Kakoa-vel Ni Wat Doe hie oceans pafone in great quantity in the veld in writer there states that he observed “an area Welwitschia. | WELWITSCHIACE& (Pearson). 3 of not less than 2,500 square miles where the gravelly surface of the ground, up hill and down dale, is covered with the plant, in some places in such pro fusion that it was impossible to find an opening through which to pilot the e were forced to back ou d mak di rs; some n plants stretched to a diameter of 16 ft.” (See also Journ. Bot. Soc. 8. Afr., pt. xviii, 4, 1932.) Mr. Worsdell informs us that the plant is fairly common (‘‘ many hundreds ’’) in the dried-up bed of a stream and on small granite hillocks about a mile to the south of bid Welwitsch henge pangons m; the crown of the stem of the largest specimen was nearly 6 ft. in diamete Orper CXXVII. A. PODOCARPACEZE. (By O. Srapr.) Dicecious, very rarely moneecious. Male strobiles mostly catkin- sometimes externally only slightly differentiated from the vegetative branches, simple or compound, terminal or axillary, scales bearing basi-dorsally 2 pollen-sacs, squam less differentiated into a claw or stalk and er the Tait large and projecting beyond the pollen-sacs, or very much reduced, when the scales with their pollen-sacs assume the appearance of typical angiospermous stamens; pollen grains mostly winged i ] exceeding its scale, sometimes long-exserted, rarely quite enclosed. Mature strobiles usually little altered or the axis or also the scales becoming more or less fleshy. Seeds usually exserted ; seed-shell (testa) coriaceous to woody, with or without an outer covering (epimatium), which is either free or more or less fused with the testa, and varies from membranous to leathery or fleshy. Shrubs or trees; leaves usually spirally arranged, quaquaversal or _ ventrally onkana : in one plane, scale-like or linear to lanceolate, rarely ovate, yee evergreen. Genera 7, with about 100 species, mostly in the tropics and the acti temperate zone. I. PODOCARPUS, L’Hérit.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 434. Dicecious, very rarely monecious. Male strobiles usually axillary, variously arra alia: bracteate at the base, sessile or peduncled ; scales numerous, spirally arranged, imbricate, with — broad, 4 PODOCARPACE# (Stapf). [ Podocarpus. triangular to ovate-rotundate, rarely — blades, and 2 relatively large dorsal pollen-sacs near the [ ollen with 2, rarely 3, win, Female strobiles iehiibaal’6 or Peeters: “aeunlly reduced to a few sterile lower scales, which are more or less fused with each other and with the axis and erminal fertile scales, the whole plexus often boone oy fleshy aa —rarely spike-like with few numerous usually distant fertil po arising the face of the scale and adnate to the single integument Seeds deciduous together with the fleshy receptacle or with the unm remainder of the strobile or falling from the scales of bs or trees, often of great height. Leaves squamiform or linear or lanceolate to ovate, usually spirally arranged, but placed dorsiventrally, rarely ale strobiles solitary or clustered or disposed i un inflorescences, rarely apical. s and receptacles, where present, greenish or brown or sometimes vividly coloured, the seeds always conspicuously exposed. Distr. About cies, mostly in the mountain forests of the Tropics, a few in the feet egions of the Southern Hemisphere and in Japan. aaa mostly transformed n aturation into a flesh ptacle, or at _ thickened and clavate. Inner layer of seed- shell — thin and crustaceous Ze const asia hypoderm rma corer oe dermis continuo stomata on the lower side of the leat only (at Teast j in the South African species). — = er adult tree 1-2} in. long, straight, shortly = almost obtuse; receptacle distinctly ane Leaves 33-63 lin. wide ie Ces a - (1) latifolius. Leaves 2 lin. wide Leaves of the adult tree 3-6 in. bys -4 lin. owen er acute point ; oot. saa hard fleshy ; though thickened and clava. z : . (3) Henkelii. - (2) elongatus, Section 2. Sracuycarpus, Endl.—Axis and scales of the female sbiotiles not transformed during maturation into a fleshy receptacle the axis ultimately dry with the scales or Har of the lower scales Tnner layer of seed-shell (testa) thick and bony. Sclerenchymatic h rma be stomata on both aid sides of the MY oh i P not continuous ; Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). 5 Leaves of = —— ae shortly acute to alm — obtuse Fo in. by lin. ; male ae ae 4 li long, “thei es ovate, more sbtans (4) falcatus, Leaves of em mature oe _— 7 tpn to a sharp point, 10 lin. to 2 in. 3-2 lin Leaves 1-2 in. by as ae ; male erties 9 lin. long, their scales ovate- plneinres pt (5) gracilior. Leaves 10 lin, by }-3 lin. aa are! Sit . (6) gracillimus. . P. latifolius (R. Br. ex Mirb. Geogr. Conif. in Mém. Mus 16 ; not of Wall.) ; a tree up to 100 ft. high, with a tall clean ee on the average 2 ft. (sometimes up to 4 ft.) in diameter, and a com- paratively small crown; bark smooth, persistent; branchlets of spreadi oe coriaceous, mi ae raised on both sides with 3 resin-ducts below the conten strand ; 5 Stomata confined to the lower 3. fae) 5 <4) ae fas) wm 3 ¥ es ° or ont tq*) mw mM ° ir ee 3 io) ne of ra — ° =] oF yi = ° ° C mall cuspidate tips, both of the other sae! or one only ae i ho chery in oie and shape, up to . in tat ; seeds su lobose, 3-3 n diam., dark glaucous ae obits groan or blue; inner layer of osiaul ‘thin crustaceous or almost ery, outer some- ost pa what fleshy, very resinous, 1} lin. thick. Bennett, Pl. Javan. Rar. 40; C. Presl, pees Bemerk. 110; — in Engl. nr. Taxac. 90, 91 incl. . latior and confert us; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. i. 421, 429, figs. 361, 362 ; ii. 86, fig. 82; Marloth, Fl. 8. Afr. i. 101, 102, t. 13, 17 A, and (Suppl.) Dict. Comm. Names of Pl. 101 ; Sim, FI. Trees & Shrubs for or use in South Afr. 182, and Native Timb. South Afr. 101, fig. 41; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf ed. 2, 247, fig. 136 ; be Davy in Kew Bull. 1908, 147, Man. Flow. berg, Hook. in Lond. Journ . Bot. i. 65%, t. 22; — ee Conif. dl. 6 PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). | Podocarpus. Ca ae 32; Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. i. 470; ed. ii. 670; Gord., Pinet. ed. 284 ; ed. ii. 349; er oe & Hochst. ae Nadelhilz., 398 ; Parlat. 3 in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii 511; Fourcade, Rep. Natal Forests, 1889, 4, 121; Bolus & Wolley-Dod, Ft, Pr. Cape Penins. in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. 0; Wood, Handb. FI. Natal, 122 and in Xiv. Trans. §. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 2 or. ‘Go Hope, xx pp. p. 171; Marloth, Kapland, 190, 191, 196, 200, 208, figs. 65, 68, 69, 73; Sim, Tree Plant. N 6,2 oi: ws in al Mus. iii. 545, unbergia var latifolia, Sim, Forest Fl. Cape Good Hope, 3, 332, t. 148, 149, f. 2 z llus, Drége ei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. 123, 157, 212, Thunb. Prodr. 117; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 547. 7. Oe Banks ex Endl. Syn. tesves 218. Nageia latifolia, O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. ii. 800; not ord. Sourn Arrica: without locality, Bowie! Brand! Villet! Millan! Mund and Maire! Cape Proyrxce: Cape Div. ; Newlands ab on Table Mountain, Wolley Dod, 2729! Fritz Bronn’s Kraal, Alexander-Prio Orange Kloof, Gamble, Di Gro 22002! Hout Bay, Bews! Herb Sim 19017! ‘Swell iv. ; - vadersbosh, Thunberg; near George, Burchell, 5843! forests from west of Ge the eastern und: ° di (Cape Forest R 8) 5 e ) Ka ns River Gat, in forest, Drége! Knysna iv. ; all forest sections of the division (Cape Forest Reports); Outeniqua Mountains, Thunberg ; Kaatjes real, Bur —— 5223 ! — Ha si ville Forest, = 524! Humansdorp f e 3 ! ! ! “ier 5 Sim) Athersi ! Davy, 7816! King Williamstown Div. ; — of the Perie and North Sections ; Amatola Range (Cape Forest Reports); Perie forest, sense 19020! Stutterheim Div. ; Koeoghe Range and — Pain Ate ie Sa ;. “ British ffraria,”’ een ooper, 1298. rt Cunyng oe 808 » Herb. Sim, 2030 ! 2122! ! Eastern Rea Throughout the forests from the Great Kei River and lower White Kei 1 River east to the Drakens' above Newcastle in Natal an nd (Cape, Natal & Zululand Forests R ; Tembuland, Engkobe, Maning, Merwe, For Dept. Herb., 2266! Mkonkoto forest, 3000 Sim! Macl v.; Pot Romer Mountains, 5 ft., Galpin, 6831! Pondo- st, ft., ich; and without precise locality, Bachmann, 70! Mt. A Ayliff Div. — = Nat. Herb. rg toria! Umzi NaTAL: Alfred Count i urchison, Wood, 3028 ! Durb ! Polela Distr., Ingwangwani, eathine Forest, H, sesaheld. Por Da Dee a 1957! Drakensberg, 3500-4 ft of Van i: sagt osm berg, -» Fourcade; nort ) - (according to Bews); Rehmann, 7246! 72471! the facing ate gunn ape 6000 ft. (according to Bews). Zulu sg Oden, ine fs "Sanders neve forests, 1000-1500 ft. ; and without ane locality, SwazILanp : Forbes I Reef bush, 5100, ft. Burtt Davy, 2748! ORANGE Free Stare: Northern slopes of the Drakens ooper. oo RANSVAAL : Foe dapat! Div. : Kaapsche Hoop, Rogers, 21089 | ee ; forests o rn slope Drakensberg, east of pA oie Waterberg Div. ; Nylstrom, Col. Herb. , 9549! Pietersburg De Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE (Stapf). 7 The Downs, Eyes, 21910! by Div. ; ae ytese pal 4750 ft., Burtt Davy, 1194! 2313! Houseman, Col. Herb. 5249! Botha ! This Sd commonly known as yellow-wood or Upright hed stey or Co) a Gia, ta). Sim distinguishes 3 varieties, namely—(a) latifolia, (b) cnguaefii, and {0 eesrgael “Vars. latifolia and falcata are said to have green receptacles 4 lin. in diam., with bony shel, whilst they differ aS eae ene in poor leaves 1-2 in. by 2-3 lin., and 2-5 in. by lin. respectively. Var. angustifolia on the other hand is credited with _ receptacles 3—4 lin. wide and seed 5 lin. in diam., with crustaceous shells a: leaves 1-2 in. by 1-14 lin. From the fact that the author adds that var. lati- ia i rm thro i oseoptbeeee of this speci moe. eee a (L’Hérit. ex Pers. Syn. ii. 580) ; a tree of varying dimensions, from “ small ’’ to 80 ft. high ; branchlets of the mature in 14-23 in. by 2 lin., straight or coca ‘heats, abbqisly erect, coriaceous, glaucescent, midrib distinctly raised on the back, obscurely on the upper surface, with 3 5 resin-duots below the central very concave bracts abees 1 lin. long at the base ; scales imbricate, soon very loose, with an ovate to rhombic-ovate minutely denticulate blade rather over } lin. long ; pollen-sacs 4 lin. long ; female strobiles 2-5 lin. lo unequal, the larger fertile, embracing the base o whale receptacle oblique at the top, 1} lin. in diam. (in t te); seeds subglobose, very slightly longer than wide, 4 lin. 8 PODOCARPACEZ (Stapf). | Podocarpus. in diam., dark glaucous-green ; inner layer of seed-shell thinly crustaceous. Mirbe , Geogr. onif. in Mem. Mus. : L. C. & A. Rich. Comm. Bot. Conif. (1826) 13, t. i. fig. 2; Lo udon, Arb. & Frutic. Brit. iv. 2101, fg. 1997 ; Endl. al Conif. . 224; ed. i. 470; ed. ii. 671 (partly) ; : Gord. Pinet. ar i. 273 foie) ed. ii. 334 (partly); Henk. & Hochst t. Syn. Nadelhélz (partly) ; e% r ngl. Pflan axac. 89 ; n 247 ; Edmonds & Marloth, Elem. Bot. 8. Afr. fig. 267 (?) (not text) ; — Pl. & their — A aay fig. 216 (2) a text) ; Dallimore ackson, Handb. P. pruinosa, Meyer ex Endl -§ .2 @ Slants erin Ait. Hort. Kew, ed.i. iii. 415 ; ed.ii. v. 416. 1. capensis Lam. — ii. 229. T. falcata, Thunb. Herb. ex Juel, Plant. Thunberg, Sours Arrica: without locality, Masson! Pappe! Zeyher 3889 Carre PRovINcE Div. ; Zonderend, 400 f pe 5682 ! Div., sandy islands and banks of the Breede River, Herb. orest Dept. 1247! Btelies bosch Div. ; precise locality, Miller ! Harvey! Malme i iebeck’s Salegl ee : uys Drift, rages Paarl Div. ; by t the Berg Riv tl, Drége! Worcester r Paa. ! v.; Dutoit’s Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Dike t. Piqu ueibae: Dive: by the Ber River near Dooreboom, Bachmann, 1522, 1523; near Von deling, achma 2211. anwilliam Div. ; Kradouw Krantz above = Oliphants River, among rocks in the cliffs, facing west. Pearson, 5328! Pillans, 5297 ! Cedarberg Rang e, Kaakadouw Kloof, 1150 ft., Diels, 937 ! is a collector’s note with the see. from the Breede river to the effect that the plant differs from P. ¢ longat re swollen succulent and scarlet “ aril,’’ the -stalk having two berries ! The specimen agrees exactly with Schlechter’s from the erend river and both much resemb! e except that their leaves show a tendency to become longitu wrinkled, which i observed in the mainder e herbarium material of P. elongatus. The plant is gured Sim. Cape G Hope, on t. 149, fig. 3, as P Thunbergii var angusti folia (Sim, l.c. 332). It requires ieee 8 investigatio: specimen collected y Pillans at the foot of the eastern cli: of Kradouw Krantz no. 5297) bel no doubt to P. tego although the fae are 34-5 lin. ae and ‘Suen hose . lati in shape. In cultivation in oe with oe pens at Lee, Kent, 1777! i ore eo ; ent, 1777! Dr. Salisbury, From pho ches oe ne originals of this nd the f wing species in the | =. herbarium, it t appear that Thunberg wrote = — : rgiane, that is, Taxus compe western and 7’. elongata for the eastern t, whilst the localiti i ss “ Flora Capensis,’’ ed. oy Cl fon vi Jat as we ts statio in sylvis t un mistakably to the name falcata having been intended for it, ia not for the wes’ pea: which, moreover, was early in apt er Engla nd under the ly from t by M journey tl ‘ a hroug western a when they passed es Riebeck’s Risitel and crossed the Berg river at Veiccaeces Drift in i773 or 1774. Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). 5 or in old trees coming off in sheets (C. Ross) ;. the young branchlets f the mature tree more or less angular, glauc s; terminal buds globose- ed, scales very broad, shortly pointed with brown margins or the tips foliaceous ; leaves ete! arranged, loose in the juvenile state, moderately crowded in the mature state, drooping, linear to lanceolate-linear, long tapering to a slender acute point, gradually narrowed at the base into a short petiole, 3-6 in straight or frequently slightly falcate, suberect or spreading, thinly coriaceous, more or less glaucous, midrib slightly raised on bot sides with 3 resin-ducts below the central strand, stomata confined to the lower side ; male strobiles solitary or in. clusters of up to 5, iy ic, 3-13 in. long, glaucous-pinkish, with rotundate-ovate coriaceous bracts, 1 to almost 2 lin. long at the base scales imbricate, of the bracts barren, with a slightly lower insertion broadly ovate with a short slender tip, the upper, with a narrow very delicate hah, seecatlas be es the r emainder of the Aon hard-leat athery, and very gritty, more or less r oman = to thick. Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. Transvaal, 100, 1 sg Thun. bergit, Bane Davy in Transvaa 1 Agr. Journ. 1907, 31. P. Thun- bergii var. falcata, Sim, Tree Plant. Natal 236, 285, fig. 94; Forest Fit Cape Col. 332 (in part), fig. opp. p. 55, t. exlix. fig. ee x ‘falcatus, Marloth, Fl. South Afr.; Suppl. Dict. Comm. Names of PI 161; Sim, Fl. Trees & Shrubs ‘f. use in §. Afr. 183, Native Timb. S. Afr. 102, fig. 1; not of R. Br Eastern Recron: “ British Kaffraria,”’ Cooper, 1298! East Griqualand, Mt. Ayliff Div., Fort Donald, Sim, Nat. Herb., 19016! Cockrane ! —— forest, Cockrane in Forest Dept. Herb., 2172! Forest Dept. Herb., 1248 ! land : taft Div. ; Tonti Forest, Whibley, Forest Dept. Herb., 2167 ! Cont in Forest spt. Herb., 1249! N. : Div.: Riverside, ave sa —— Pike Fee — 2170! 2171! In an, , Xalingena Fores ous. orest Dept. 194’ Em anergy Reserve, Howshold, For erb., 1880 ! Pietermaritzbi - Zwartkop, 4000 ft., Sim, Nat. Herb., 19007 ! Blink- ane. ee Herb., 19014! Kar kloof, 3000 ft., Sim, "19019 ! Maritz- burg, 2300 ft., Nat. Herb., 19011! 19121 1913 ! and without precise locality, Henkel, Foret Dept. Herb., 2331a & b Swazitanp: Forbes Reef Bush, ‘5100 ft., Burtt Davy, 27 TRANSVAAL : ee , Legat, 3467! Pietersburg Distr. ; iain, ' Nelson, 420! 10 PODOCARPACE (Stapf). | Podocar pus. in the east. falcatus (Falcate Yellow-wood) of the Natal Forestry Reports. The difference in the structure of the seed-shell of P. Henkelii and P. falcatus is very striking. Native name wm-Sonti or um-Sunti 4. P. faleatus (R. Br. ex Mirb. Geogr. Conif. in Mém. Mus. Par. xiii. (1825) 75); a tall tree up to over 100 ft. high, with a straight cylindrical bole about 3 ft. (sometimes 8 ft.) in diam. timate branchlets of the mature tree stunted, crowded, terete = n. dark green or brown, moderately thick, in the mature tree crowded, subacute or those towa e base of the branchlets subobtuse obtuse, 1-14 3-2 lin., straight or nearly so, firmly coriaceous, ale green, midrib indistinct on the upper side, slightly raised below, with 1 resin-duct below the central strand ; stomata on sides; male strobiles solitary or in subsessile clusters of 2 or 3 or more, cylindric, lin. long, 1 lin. thick, each supported by broad-obovate obtuse bracts; scales imbricate, with a cordate-ovate subdenticulate blade, 3 lin. long; pollen- sacs almost } lo female strobiles (only seen in the mature and -mature state) peduncled, formed o which ovate obtuse scales up to 1 lin. long, all deciduous except the upper- out 3 li most, whic rts a seed; peduncles ab ong, mar. ith the scars of early deciduous coriaceous rotundate-ovate or sometimes leaf-like bracts; see ore less globose, about 6 Handb. Conif. ed. 2, p- 44; Wilson, Plant Hunt. i 25, t. 4 and in Journ. old Arbor. ix. 145, t. 14. P. meyeriana, Endl. 1.c. 218 ; Parl. le. 512; Marloth, Kapland, 206. P. elongata, Pappe, Silva p. 32; Carr. Trait. Co : . Menger Je, 4 (4, 121); Burtt Davy in Transvaal Agric. Journ (not fig. 267-ii, iii); Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C. ¢. 1, figs. C-H ; Sim, Tree Plant. Natal, 236, 285; For. Fl. Cape Col. 332, t. el. and in . \ y ee » 9 3-R-C. 2 10 lin. long an d clos sely - habrreaa to the seed. Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. Transvaal, i. 100, 101 TRANSVAAL: Houtboschberg, Nelson, 423! Burtt Davy, 5083. A very doubtful and i incompletely known spec It may represent mere a state of P. gracilior, in which the lication of th the eaves in length and bresdth characteristic of the oe argree has been carried to excess. Sim has a ady Pag ict this e ie ar state was gi ctr ny y A. Whyte in OrDER CXXVII. B. CUPRESSACEZ. (By O. Srapr.) Moneecious or occasionally diccious. Strobiles small, mostly solitary and terminal. Male strobiles : scales Opposite or in whorls of 3, squamiform and more or less shield-shaped, bearing basi- dorsally 2-6 slledicekes pollen grains without vesicular appendages. Female strobiles: sca t fertile, beari rarely united in a stone, mostly with wing-like expansions of the _crustaceous to woody testa ; cotyledons 2, rarely 3-6. Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE (Stapf). 15 Shrubs or trees; leaves es page in the juvenile state and on the long-shoots, otherwise decussa whorls of 3, the juvenile needle-shaped, the adult usually tre squa coe andes ore or less appressed, rarely both, the juvenile and the adult, needle- shared and spreading. Dis Genera about 15 with 125 species, of these 7 genera with over 40 Sica | in the Southern Hemisphere ; 1 in South Africa I. WIDDRINGTONIA, Endl. Gen. Plant. Suppl. I. 25 (1842). Moneecious (always ?) Male strobiles small, terminal, mostly on short lateral branchlets ; scales decussate, rhomboid-deltoid, pro- osing up, o 3 or more at the base of each scale. Mature strobiles or cones woody, — or globose, opening with 4 very thick erect valves, correspond- ing to the 4 scales. — ee, ovoid or trigonous, winged ; testa Sscons. Cotyledon Evergreen trees; leaves passing from a spiral a ~ the juvenile state and in the long-shoots, to a strictly = rte —— alTang t in the adult state, needle-sha he juvenile form miform and ‘ghtly appressed in the adult ; cones the as of a small hata, ays clus : Disrriz. Species 6 in South Africa, one of them a in ne Tropical frica. Ovules 6-10 with a scale; maturing seeds up to ver 30 in a cone ; pollen-sacs protruding between cales : Mature — oh psi nee s hgisaed got ae (when closed), wu bliste a (bee ot ‘eri, sas oobea cusps ait mar an eee a stiptat Peak the stipe + se obversely pear-shaped, bran terete, ve r, 4-4 lin. in diam., their ere rhombic cdot acute or subobtuse, 1 lin. AS ... (1) stipitata. Poe sexi or ssisieinlls ae eiie poo ‘with a broa su r, } lin their scale-leaves rhombic, ieee : ain oe (2) Whytei. 16 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). | Widdringtonia. Mature cones re opening) globose, up to 9 lin diam., smooth, subapicular cusps (or at least two of a distant jim the Anke usually _— seeds up to over 20, 5-6 lin. a including the often oblique wings; scales of the ¢ strobile — —— the sometimes subcoriaceous cum . (3) cupressoides, Ovules 3-4 ier each scale; maturing seeds u (rarely 14) in a cone; pollen-sacs covered fn ee ioe Mature cones not tubercled along the margins of the , bu wrinkled all valves, but more or less over ; seeds rather flat 34-4 lin. long, equ: inged on h sides, wings aa oe at ~ eae ina — lin. wide ; a shrub or small tree - (4) dracomontana, Mature cones coarsely tubercled along the margins = tg valves ; trees, sometimes of considerable Seeds rather flat, 4-6 lin. long, including the wings which join over the gam and are there up to lin. wide ... (5) Schwarzii. Seeds age more or — triquetrously ovoid, 4 Iin. long, with a very narrow wing along 2 of the oa and over cgi tip oe. ... (6) juniperoides. 1. W. stipitata — in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 3126); a tree of the habit of W. ee ile state unknown ; ultimate of the adult state decussate, xo $e sega those of the long and intermediate branches distant by their own length, subappressed, lanceolate or acuminate, eee wi nate with parallel margins about 1 lin. long, those of the ‘ultimate and often also of the penultimate ramifications Berd ee rhombic-oblong from a cuneate base, acu ute or subobtuse, 1 lin. long, rounded on the back, with the free portion as hee or sen as ese as the adnate ; male strobiles roe tine (always ¢) with the mature con nes, shortl erent to oa their c ay eee from the top; seeds up to 36, dark-brown, obovate-oblong or oblong, with a terminal, oblong, emarginate wing, wie lin. og the body of the seed ovate-lanceo Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). 4 late, beaked, > 3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, the wing up to 24 lin. wide below the top. TRANSVAAL: Zoutpansberg, Kotze in Forest Dept. Herb., 7048! H. Hansen, Tals! The specimens from which this species was described were taken from a tree in Mr. Hansen’s garden at Piet Retief, which, according to Mr. Kotze, was ihlaied from the farm illside,’’ near Louis Trichardt, but specimens received from there proved to be W. Whytei. 2. W. Whytei aes cto in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 60, t. 9, figs. 6-11); a shrub or small tree, in Transvaal, or tae to 140 ft. = in ‘the Brigg ese trunk up to over 5 ft. seliateia. or cocnatog eles about in. in diam.; leaves — state acicular, up to 1 in. by 4-1 lin., of adult state uamiform, those of the long and intermediate branches with a Eaaséolats acuminate or oblong to ovate and acute somewhat esting or appressed free blade, 2 lin. long, and a broad adnate e with more or less parallel margins ; those of the ultimate and BE cetimee also of the pesitlsaals divisions tightly appressed (so ean ; : male strobiles cylindric-oblong, 14-2 lin. long, ebracteate an subsessile in the cup formed by the subtending foliage leaves ; scales in abou airs, coriaceous, subpeltate, the lower deltoid, with a distinct hard beak, the upper more rounded and minutely pi ; pe. acs 4, protruding between ae scales; female squamiform broad-ovate acuminate bract ; scales ovate, apiculate, face bluish-pruinose, back and margins par -brown ; ovules up t their cusps about equally distant from the t top; s up t obovate to Hialeah, up to 6 lin. by 23 In., at the sg ovate-lanceolate in outline, beaked, 3-3} lin. eo the win, lin. wid u 3 wide below the top. Masters in Gard ” 1894, XV on - 1894, xvi. 190, and 1905, xxxvii. 18; in Nature 94, 85 ; a. ot. xxxvii. 270; Whyte in Kew Bulletin, > 3; SXxin, ic in Kew Bulletin, 1896, 216; Rendle in Journ. i ot. n Kew Bulletin, 1913, 224; Burkill in Ishak re i Brit Centr. Afr. 279: Sim, Forest FI. Portug. East Afr. oe Stapf 18 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. Sect. 2, pt. 2, 334; L. H. Bailey, Cult. Evergreens, 231; Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. & Ferns Transvaal, i. 102; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, os Ed. 2, xiii. 383; Dalli- more & Jackson, Handb. Conif. 5 Chalk & : Davy, Forest Trees & Timb. Brit. Emp. i. 12 with i and t. opp. 18. W. Mahoni, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London .Xxxvil. 271 ; Sim, Forest FI. Portug. East Afr. 109. Callitris ‘Mahon Engl. Pflanzenwelt Afr. ii. 88. C. Whytei, Engl. l.c. 89; Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. South Afr. t. 292. TransvaaL: Lydenburg Distr., Oranje, For. Dept. Herb., 340. Zoutpansberg Gray Distr. ; Blaauw common in a kloof at the summit, Houseman! C. #. in Col. H 575! Hanglip, 34 eile west of Louis Trichardt, For. Dept. Herb., 7298 ! 5 miles west of Wylie’s Poort, 4800 ft., on ag rocky slopes, H scenes & Gillet, ! Pietersburg Distr. ; summit of the Wolkberg, near Haenert burg, 5000-5200 ft., Lewis in Col. Herb., 3597! 4310! Extending northwards into tropical Africa as far as Nyasaland. t.1 ; to dls in culti ition: soocrding to Carriére, up to almost 50 ft. high with strictly erect branches; ultimate ramification of the adult plant almost cylindric, the barren twigs slender, up to lin. in diam. ; leaves of the juvenile state needle-shape, spr reading, up to 10 lin. by 3 lin., glaucous below or quite green (cultivated specimens) ; of adult state decussate, squamiform, those of the older branches with an ovate acute usually appressed blade, the free portion about | lin. long, those of the ultimate divisions tightly appressed (so that the contour of the branchlet is approximately a straight line or in the upper part more or less wavy), ovate-oblong less denticulate ; eee 4, prot rete between the scales, female strobiles in slender loose s spik ing with a vegetative bud ; 10 to 14 lin. across, nigaerenag ‘the Sil equaniform anager ; valves smooth, rarely slightl y and eogulaxty Fig. 2.—Wipprin EssormpEs Endl.—(1) A cone-bearing b one (2) pag soi are of f the (tence state, x at (3) — - a Base adult state, x 10; (4) ) a scale-leaf o seen from sho was iia ! age to the sais white), * 10; veytus F ietiiag © 6) scale of a 3 strobile, x 15; (7) within, < 15; (8)a ae Gy Ss (0) a. strobe, ready for Shee nae (ys ng hy fare pek mage pect soap uae a 55 3 (11) | and nd (12), ovules, gg mega gprsne c 2 20 CUPRESSACE (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia. tubercled with a short often blunt point (the morphological apex) some distance below the top; seeds up to 20 or more, owe a compressed, lanceolate to a in outline, 3-5 lin. gs : ‘ . 203 ; Knight, Syn. Conif. 13; Pappe, Silv. Cap. 31; Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. i : 04; 6 ed. i. 518 ; Gord. Pine. ed. 1. ‘ah oo ed. s 417; ss Niec hide in Linnaea, xxxiii. fig. Henk. Hochst. Syn. Nadelhdlz. 293 ; Sperk i in Mém. ae Je St. Paice Ser. 7, XIII. no. 6, t. 5, fig. 13 32-135; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. XVI. = 443 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 337, and Native Timb. 8. Afr. 131, 27 ; Bolus & Wolley Dod, FI. Cape Penins. (in Trans. 8. i Phil. Bes XIV. 320) 1903 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 270 ; Saxton in Bot. Gaz. xlviii. 161-178, fig. 2, t. xi; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i. 101, fig. 67, a. Cupressus juniperoides, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. il, wet Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. i, iii. 373; Harvey, Gen. 8. Afr. PI. ed. t: f. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 141 uja cupressoides, Linn. Mant. 1. 125; Mant. ii. 518; Thunb. nee ae Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 500 ; Ait. Hort . Kew, ed. ii. v. 322; d. Sp. Pl. v. 510; Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2460, fig. 2316 ; itary. Gen. §. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 311. T. sp. n.? Barrow, Trave Is S. Afr. i. 298. Juniperus capensis, m. Encycl. i. 626. Schubertia nes, Spreng. Syst. in. 890. Sati ag one cupressoides, Brogn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1'° sér. xxx. 190 ; ac ist. N. xi 1 F xxvil. 272; 89. Callitris cwpressoides, Schrad. in Drége, Zwei Pilanzengeogr. Doe. 79, 115, 126, 170 ; Pappe, Fl. Cap. Med. eee ed. i. 26; ed 37 ; Engl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, App. xi. 28, and Pflanzenw. Afr. ii ii. 88; Marloth, ages 116, 196, 199 ; Bolve & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc v. 320; Dallimore & Jackson, Handb. Conif. 540. Cupressus jen at coronata . . . Bre eyne, Pr odr. Fasc Rar. Pl. 39; ed. 2, p. 59. C. nana compressis Taxt longioribus foliis Afric., Pluk. Almag. Mant. 61. (©. africana lini folio, Burmann, Cat. Pl. Afr. Herm. 8. Juniperus foliis frutex Afr., Pluk. Phyt. t. 197, fig.5; Almag. 202. E Province: Cape Div.; Table Mountain plateau, Wilms, 3636! Nec Rondebosch and Wynberg, Burchell, 771! Rivanigs Kloof, Gamble, ; wer tics oo mee Ga israel Drege. Riversdale Div. ; ; Paardeber, TE dock Berg, near George, B hell, 5979 ! Mu Ecklon & Ash rg as Thesium, 52 . ry)! — D a og , Krauss! near Goukamma Rivers, Burchell, 5588! Humansdorp 1 . Herb. ! ! itte E 2 be 2% © co. ae 5 = i] 2 Div.; Van Staadensbe piso Thom (?) 108! King eee Mountains, according Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE (Stapf). 21 natalensis, Endl. Ee Con. 34, which was very pag plete raged et from a aces imen said to have been sent by Gueinzius an Natal,” is very likely W. cupressoides. Neither soberead in in the iebecione Mts., which were then a Hongo) botanically quite unknown. On the other hand, both visited the t W.e sak csablel before they weak to Natal. Although ce cute mi Linnaeus’ Cupressus juniperoides—two seedling plants—are lost, it is practically cottatii that they belonged to the same species as his Thuja cupressoides, described by him four years later. The same applies to Miller’ ] Lamarck’s Junipe capensis and the riov ch rest on the his has already been su: gested by Schlechtendal, l.c., and, apart from other considerations, it is evident since the berg = , the home of Widdringtonia junipe fe ere no befo Bo i of the 19th century, and certainly were jin eaplored. fetanically” until 1829. W. cup or soos is the Cape Cyne, Berg Cypress, or Sapree-hout of the Cape Colo W. Dons ronal Peg yn Conif. 34 ee Thuia agian, fgg Vent. in — Duham Pachylepis , Bro Ann. Se. Nat. 1'¢ sér. 190), desc ane neg specimen ‘cultivated at Ri ree it in Mauritius about 1800 i is pouibhy, as aieeadhy suggested by Carriére, W. cupressoides. 4. W. dracomontana (Stapf ex Dallimore & Jackson Handb. Conif. 540) ; a shrub, 8-10 ft. high, rarely a tree; ultimate rami- fications slender, about 4 lin. in diam.; leaves of the juvenile state unkn h scales in about 6 pairs, subpeltate, r ombic-ovate, obscurely acuminate, subcoriaceous, slightly keeled — ; pollen-sacs 4, shagai covered by the scales in the cone ; female strobiles in short, very scanty spikes, terminating — a pipetaties bud; cones at W. cupressoides, Sim, Tree Plant. Natal, 234 ; For. Fl. Cape Col. 337 22 CUPRESSACEZ (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia. (the Drakensberg plant) ; Bews in Ann. Natal Mus. iii. 549 ; of Endl. itris cupressoides, Wood, Handb. FI. Natal, 122, sade Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 122, 224, not of Schrad. C. na setae: E ndl. ex Fourcade, Rep. Natal For. 1889, 161, 12 Eastern Recion: Griqualand East; Mt. Ayliff Distr., Pole-Evans, 30004 ! Transkei: Baziya Mountains, Herb. For. Dept., 1375 ! Nat Drakensberg Range, headwaters of the Bushman’s River (Langa- libalele's 8 location), Fannin ! Sanderson, 2011! Giant’s Castle Game Reserve, r. Dept. Herb. 2960! a between Cathkin Peak and Mont aux Sources, focating is isola - umps at high an Sgeer vw pears to Fourcade ; without precise locality, Bim i in Herb. For. Dept., A coloured drawing communicated by J. Sanderson, along with a fruiting specimen, shows this species as a pyramidal tree of very regular habit with drooping branches and twigs. Sim and see foe & et = rather a shrub than a = g e Pietermaritzburg Garden . W. Schwarzii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 269); a tree, 50-80 ft. high, with a straight bole and pyramidal habit branches ascending, ultimate ramifications of the adult plant casos cylindric, $ lin. in dia e cute, much convex on the back, cori- aceous, 4 lin. long ; pollen-sacs 4, sot by scales in the strobile ; female strobiles unkn e pollination state; cones solitary (always ?) on short area See 13-1? in ng subglobose, not quite 1 in. in diam., grey r oO 11 lin e seed more or ioe obliquely ovoid to ovoid-lanceolate, slightly compressed, 3—4 li e upwards, including the pfs oid, emarginate, — to brownish-black wi wings usually paler. For. Fl. Cape Col. 337, and Native Timb. - a 131 (in part) ; Marloth, FI. 8. Afr. i. 101, t. 17 D. ; Dallimore oe, Handb. Conif. 541. Callitris Schwarzii, Marloth, in . Jahrb. xxxvi. 206, with figs. A~E ; Marloth, Kapland, 134. __ CAPE oo Rider ete ge Div. ; Kouga Mountains and Bavians Kloof Se Herb. M farms, 2600-3900 ft., Schwarz! arioth 3614 Were. F For. 1107! 1108 ! Ht ! Civil = ee Dept. erb, Sion, 2920 ! Widdringtonia.| CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). 23 6. W. juniperoides (Endl. Syn. Conif. 32, excluding the synonymy) ; a tree, mostly 15-20 or occasionally up to over 60 ft. high, trunk up to 3 or 4 ft. in diam., branches horizontally spreading : ultimate ramifications of the adult plant almost cylindric, $-§ lin oblong, about 1 lin. long, subacute at both ends or more obtuse at occasionally large compact clusters, globose, $—} in. in di purplish-brown and usually covered with irregular roundish bosses mong whi n each scale rises a stout conical pointed tubercle ; valves ultimately slightly spreading, coarsely warty or tubercled along the margins, with a stout conical often pungent mucro (the morphological apex) from below the top, and a usually striated central area; seeds 4-8, | ea, xxxili. 356, hélz. 292; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. : erh. 8. Afr. (in Bot. Centralbl. i. 1120, 1122); Masters in Journ. inn. xxxiii. 268 ; Sim, Tree erat Natal, 234; For. Fl. Cape . Afr. 131 Conif. 540; Wilson, Plant Hunt. t. 6. | ] ; (name) ; Lindl. & Gord. Lc. ; Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 1. 68; ed. 1. Gordon, Pinet. ed. i. 335 ; ed. ii. 419 ; Schlechtend. l.c. 359 ; Henkel & Hochst. l.c. 295; Parlat. le. 433; Masters, I.c. 271, 273, 274 24 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). | Widdringtonia. W. Wallichiana, Gord. Pinet. suppl. 107 (name). Callitris — Schrad. ex Drige, Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. 73 (name) ; Hutchin Report Conserv. For. Cape Col. 1895, 48, 49 ; in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xi. 62 ; in Agric. Journ. Cape Good Hope, xxvi. 661, 662 ; Storr Lister, Rep. Chief Conserv. Fort. Cape Good Hope, figs. on p. 2. s EL oe ; : : v. 951; =a Se Pflanzenw. Afr. ii. 88 ; =—— Kapland, 167, fig. on p. rolinia ees, Endl. ex Gord. Pinetum, Suppl. 107. Pachglenis sp., Hook. f. lc. 142. & PRoy : Clanwilliam Div.; Cedarberg Mountains, scattered singly or in small fesse over a range of 30 miles mainly between _~ nd 6500 ft. Zeyher ; _— ! — ! Pee ge in MacOwan, Herb. Aus fe 1649 9! +1 aa sa vt + Ty Kew Sebastes phesads de to Bere Wallich collected it in that locality. “His specimens are in fact from o Ww. wn handwriting in the Stekons of the British Museum. Leipoldt’s q : s species. A valuable — tree (see particularly _ d Hutchins, i. =. The Cedar-boom or Cape Cedar of the Cape Colon W. equisetiformis, Mast. ae Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. ee described from —— cultivated in the Tokai pla ntations near Cape Town (!) and others —. seh 164 !) communicated to the author from the Kati bergen, Stockenstrom n, has since been identified by the oe himself as Callitris robusta, a ice rat Australia (see Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. x 2). OrpER CXXVIII. CYCADACEZ. (By J. Hurcutnson & G. Rarrray.) osed of ee ae thick and fleshy or subwoody, often peltate scales bearing on their lower very numerous and crowded 1-locular oes the ee often collected in small groups. Female cones * ; scales usually numerous, more or less , Stangeria. | CYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). 25 peltate, bearing 2 orthotropous inverted ovules on the lower side (or in Cycas veral and erect in the sinuses of the segments of the r 2; radicle superior, attached by the nae ‘eee suspensor. Stem subterranean or above ground and attaining —_ tree-form, simple or sparingly branched, with a terminal tuft of leaves. Leaves spirally arranged, the spirals alternating with ide = short coriaceous prophy: vila ary scales ; blade esis usually to the midrib into separate aoe; the latter with or withoat a midrib, longit er ahs or Sarde (Stangeria) pinnately nerved and the fateral nerves for Species about 80, in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate regions, mainl of the Southern Hemisphere e - Gi : 3 e are much indebted to the Director of the Botanical Survey of South Africa for the loan of specimens from the Pretoria and Durban herbaria, and for aiceapaphs of plants in their native ed in the Tran ara ; also to the Directors of the Cape Town Albany Muse ae interesting solleoiien of living South African Cycads has been brought together by Colonel Mo ne in the Old Fort garden in ban, which the junior author had the pleasure of visitin aR in August, 1930. Many plants are eae grown around the Uni Buildings at Pretoria, at the National Botanic Gardens, Kinten: bosch, near Cape Town, and in the Municipal Gardens , Cape own. The io of the species are also in cultivation in the Palm ouse at Kew I. Stangeria —Leaflets =e a prominent midrib and spreading f lateral nerves, the upper esol a at the base and Seousrent on the rhachis; aerial stem abse II. Encephalartos.—Leaflets without a distinct midrib, the nerves sees with the mar, _ leaflets never connate at the base; aerial s present or absent I. STANGERIA, T. Moore. Cones dicecious. Male cones cylindric, slender; scales densely imbricate in many series, spirally arra nged ; pollen-cells raat Ss pollen ellipsoid. Female cones ovoid-ellipsoid, ore than t male, shortly pedunculate, densely tomentose ; cape deltoid ded, he a pair of inverted ovules. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, with a dark red fleshy coat. 26 CYCADACE (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Stangeria. Stem subterranean, simple or branched, nude; leaves few, long- a pinnate ; leaflets several pairs, opposite or subopposite, sometimes the uppe ones connate at the base, entire, toothed or incised lob te, with a pies ak a midrib and numerous spreading forked lateral n Disrris. Species 1, South-east Africa; coastal region from Bathurst to Zululand. Stangeria oir (Nash in Journ. New York Bot. Gard. 164, pl. Ixii (1909) ; stem subterranean, branched or cabranckal branches eae and thick, cylindrical to "obo void, the woolly scales persistent only at the apex; leaves 1-3 to each crown; petiole to 12 in. long and 2 in. a with numerous very closely parallel forked pinnate lateral nerves, glabro male cones solitary, brownish, pedunculate, eahes paenally ‘paced to the apex, triangular or rhomboid, jagged-toothed ; female cones = shortly pedunculate, densely tomentose, ovoid-ellipsoid, up 7 in. long and 3} in. in diam. ; scales deltoid, with the lower ads not of Schrad. L. topus, Kunze, l.c. xiii. 152 (1839), and xviii. 116 (1844). Stangeria paradoxa, T. Moore, in Hook. Journ. Bot. v 228 (1853) ; Hook Bot. Mag. t. 5121; Miq. Prodr. Cy 9, 18; Ci ? - XVi. hamberlain in Bot z. lxi. 353, with figs ; Pearson i in Trans. §. Afr. Phil. Soc. xvi 349, pl. vii ; Rea in 1 anzenr. Cycadac 105, fig. 15, A-K, and t. 3 S. schizodon, Bull. Cat. 1872, S ar. Kaizert, Marloth FI. 8. Afr. i. 97, fig. 63, and pl. 14 (1913) ; a lie. 105. forma schizodon, Schuster, eriana, . paradoxa er, Le. Hort. 8. Katz zeri, Regel Gartenfl. xxiii 163, t. 798 (1874). 8. Zeyher, Stoneman, Plants and Their Ways in §. ‘Afr. fig. 214 (1915). See observations by Seemann, Bot. H. M. Herald, 235 (1852-7). GroGRapHicaL Rance :—Narrow coastal strip from the Kowie peter Bathurst Div., through the native states and Natal to South Zululan grassy slopes, the edge of bush, or in the forest ; variable acc ecntiaa: 9e allie. Bathurst Div.: between Riet ae and Great Fish River, Macowan, 2000 ! entani Div.: coast belt between sand dunes, Pegler, 262! near Zolora River mouth, Pegler, 262! Manubi Forest, Pegler, 1247! Port St. Johns, Rattray ! Schonland, 3957 |! Egossa Forest, Sim! Pondol U ntu River, in shade trees rocks, Burtt Davy, 15315! ran Mus., 9412! without locality, J nn, 66! Na a nan, 36! Nahoon River, Seek . vo — S. Afr. von 1350! Dumisa, distr., wooded th mtwalumi River, Rudatis, 669! Pinetown, Rehmann, 7959 ! ite 27 CYCADACE (Hutch. & Rattr.). Stangeria. | >. (4) margio = ; (3) portion of leaflet sho { /AW ip gntorus Nash—({1) Typical leaf from open veld ; (2) leaflet Pe oamed. except (3) and (. from forest localit ‘serrulate leaflet ; Fig. 3—StTancEria 28 cYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). | Ancephalartos. II. ENCEPHALARTOS, Lehm. Cones dicecious. Male cones pedunculate; scales densely imbricate in many series, spirally arranged, often narrowed at the apex ; pollen-cells very numerous on the lower side. Female cones sessile or shortly pedunculate, similar to the male but often larger and thicker, sometimes completely enveloped by woolly hairs ; scales more or less truncate at the top and often coarsely wrinkled, bearing 2 collateral inverted ovules foward the base. Seeds with a yellow or red fleshy outer coat. Stems underground or rising t ll trees, simple or slightly branched, sarwex. with scales and the scars S of fe fallen leaves; leaves spirally arrange ed afle to) 20 i ire or toot en pungent- -pointe d, withou ; nerves ee udinally parallel ; lower leaflets sometimes cudtatly rednaed to prickles Species about bs confined to the South-eastern regions of South Africa, and in Tropical Afri Stemless or nearly so —- — indy a few teeth only near the Epes rh wded, the lower ones ~_— ed i ea ind “Tike prickles, never glau ... (1) caffer. Leaflets toothed or agents = (rarely a few leaflets on each leaf entire) : Leaflets with a definite ter nee pungent apex o lobe distinct from the lateral teeth, linear ian toothed or broader and coarsely dentate- lobate : Lower leaflets gradually reduced to numerous prickles, the remainder often 2-3-dentate at the apex, broadly linear, with small — teeth ; leaflets spreading in one plane e rhachis, not eee rhachis i wooly ie young (see . (2) villosus. Lower — not reduced to prickles, nearly all ans pe oye Leaflets divided at the a into 3-5 short very br triangular , without a definitely longer terminal lo “9 oblong-¢ — with numerous parallel nerves (see fig. 5) .. --» (4) kosiensis. Stems ol onl — several feet high, branched or * taaneacts mec or lobate-toothed (or if entire then broadly very glaucous or linear), linear-oblo: to ovate-lanceolate ; not very i pads red : Encephalartos.| cycaADaAck& (Hutch. & Rattr.). — ae linear ssi tapered to the apex, ny lobate-dentate or rarely ne kedly spinose- seinen (see fig. 6) (5) Lehmannii. Leaflets green : meme coarsely lobate-dentate on the lower usually rather — in proportion to t hate width, very strongly nerved with numerous nerves (see : 7) he ... (6) latifrons. epg a hive or the lower ones at arsely too Mature “eat glabrous below, with incon- spic P Veale — or toothed mainly on , iqu the lower ‘leaflets not reduced to prickles ... as ... (7) longifolius. —— equally toothed on both sides, oadly linear, with parallel a Ge lower not reduc ad to prickles ... (8) Altensteinii. Leaflets more or less ovate-lanceolate, the ower ones gradually reduced to prickles (see fig. 8) ne ... (9) Woodii. oS Rucraages Oe prs concen ion very mar the ae oe sete r abruptly edased to prickles . (10) paucidentatus. vdeg —— Etech fern a never glaucous, narrowly acicular, crowded and numerous ; ents Spatatte ay woolly, especially when ung; cones very woolly-tomentose ; brown : Leaflets linear, flat, cu a Daag: cartilaginous but not recurved m Nerves of ae middle ales 7-9 between the margins, very strong and rounded and com siaiey ‘filling the lower watick of the . (11) cyeadifolius. — of the middle leaflets en Eo betwee argins, slender and s what oe ‘be filling the lower einast . (12) lanatus. agp sowed subacicular, with much recurved margins ; owe s 3-4, very obscure on the lower side... (13) Ghellinckii. about 1 fei in ash ret ; leaves es up to sate i4ina e oolly when young; leaflets very numerous and crowded, lon shed the middle of the leaf, the lowermost becoming much reduced, 30 cYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos. long and 4 in. in diam. ; scales in icy spirals, broadly transversely subrhomboid-elliptic, concave, green, with orange margins, nearly ress oe t 14 in. broad ; earls broadly oblong, red, about 1} in Mig. setae et ae 53, partly lapels Prodr. y fate ae ses = pss Zamia caffra, Thunb. Prodr. Fi. Cap. ii. 92 (1800); Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 429, partly (1823). Zama Cycadis, Linn. f. Suppl. 443 (1781). Ene ephalarios brachyphyllus, Lehm. Cat. Hort. Hamb. 1836, ex Lehm. & De Vriese Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. iv. 414, t. vi. and vil. (1 ate E. caffer var. brachy- phyllus, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 532 (1868). GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Uitenhage, oe East London, southern part of King Williamstown and northwards to Zululan Uitenhage Div. : Tredgold, no. 2 (Herb. Brit. Mus.) ! Van Staadens, Rattray, 1098 ! between Hoffmannskloof and fe Cok, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, 8254! er int Ken Div.: outside forest, rare, Sept., Pegler, 1124! Feb., Pegler, at ” Tealabiesd + near Ngoye, Rattray, D738 without locality, Oldenburg, 1497 CULTIVATED Specimens : Municipal Gardens, Cape Town, Herb. 8S. Afr. Mus., pga ni soe Durban (from Zululand), 16040! Bot. Gard. Grahamstown, cnaes. to Wylie this species is common in some parts of Zululand, where it grows almost socially ; the seeds are much sought a. es ee ad there to “ = — arene ae oe pualitete distrib at stemless oe which he a and brie is + teat above ae the true EH. caffer, and another with a well-developed stem, H. longifolius 2. E. villosus (Lem. Illustr. Hort. xiv. Miscell. 79 (1867) ) ; stem subterranean, aged densely woolly-villous ; — —— green, usuall a crown, slightly arcuate, up to 9 ft. or more long ; poe, aed and leaflets densely w sroatby- Lugge in i Herb., 16507 ! erases Col. G G. Molyneux at the es Old Fort, ” Durban, July 1930 ! Further material and information about this species is much desired at Kew. 5. high; persistent leaf-base y ovate, acuminate; leaves markedly glaucous, up to 3 f - long ; leaflets spaced. on the 7 the es the largest, entire or lobate-dentate, very pun poin or linear-lanceolate, the middle ones up to 8 in ee = A in. neon (excluding the teeth), very obscurely or _ even y nerved, the teeth when present mostly on the lowe Lehmannii (Lehm. a vi. 14 (1834) ) ; stem up to 9 ft. broad] Encephalartos.| CYCADACER (Hutch, & Rattr.). 35 5.Ross- aN Fig. 6.—Encepuatarros LesmManntt Lehm.—(1) Middle portion of leaf; (2) and (3) lobate leaflets; all reduced. J D 36 CYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos. and near the middle or towards the top; male cones subsessile, okey a iter oe = . length yellow, apa! 9 in. long in umerous, wit mall sub- ateaias or ietioialsr early Saiineeptibessant are female cones sessile, short, broadly — about 1} ft. long and t. in diam. ; scales at length ruddy brown, with a broadly ovate- acuminate limb and small truncate ance top; seeds red, about 24 in. long, including the aril. Otto and Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit. 1836, 217, t. 1; Miq. Monogr. Cycad. we Regel “Gartenfl., 1865, 197, t. 477 (6); DC. Prodr. xvi. ij. 531, incl. var. spinulosus Miq. ; Schuster in Engl. Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 113, eth figs. (1932). Zama ae Keck. and Zeyh. ex Otto and Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit. 1833, n , p. 158, name only. Z. spinulosa, Heynh. Nom. i (1840). °F. To Heynh. Nom. i. 862 (1840). Z. occidentalis Lodd. Cat. 177 ex Mig. in Linnea xvii. 711 (1843). Encepha- lartos ssiuloaily Lehm. in i ange Nat. Gesch. iv. 420, t. viii. fig. B (1838). ji Gi : ; ). mauritianus, Miq. Monogr. Cycad. 48 (1842). EF. pungens, Lehm. ugill vi. 13; Mig. in Linnea xix. t. 4 Y 847). EF. Lehmanni var. spinulosus, Miq. in Linnea xix. 420 (1847); var. dentatus Regel. E. horridus var. trispinosa, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5371 (1863). a Rance: In semi-karoid places from Willowmore Div. to Grahamstown, and in Bedford, Queenstown, Komgha, and on the Tsoma River in the Nqamaqwe district "(Native States). Willowmore Div.: Groote River, toe Albany Div.: northern slopes of pin, Bothasberg, near Grahamstown, Ga 3083! Penrock Farm, 10-12 miles from G town, in karoid scrub, 1 ft., Dyer, 1184 t Div. : mouth of the Kowie River, 250 ft., Macowan, 9! So Div. : Bruntjes ( ard. Cape Town)! Queenstown = rm, Rattr ie 5 id White Kei, 2300-2600 ft., amongst dolerite rocks, Delian. 8090 ! a - Galpin, 2708 ! Komgha Div. : germs rocky s “6 “4 near Komgha, 2000 ft. Flanagan, 1373! Tsoma Div. : near Tsoma, Sim, 26! mY Shield Specimens: Nat. Herb. Pretoria, no. 8039 ! Living specimens Mr. Galpin and Dr. Rattray note that this species grows in fair numbers on steep hillsides a mongst doleritic rocks along the Twaxt Kei River about 5 miles above its junction with the White Kei, often by suckering and seedlings forming pose ag of 8-10 plants together. Associated with it was E. cycadifolius. towards the top; leaflets up to about 33 pairs, the middle ones the largest, sh ge aa ovate or ovate-lanceolate, about 5 in. long nd 2in. broad, wide at the » coarsely lobate-dentate on the lower —: a and lobes pungent-pointed, very prominently nerved, the nerves numerous, pubescent below, at length nearly CE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). Encephalartos.| CYCADA cade i f S- 7.—ENCEPHALARTOS LATIFRONS Lehm.—({1) Middle portion of leaf; (2) leaflet ; much reduced. Fig. 38 CYCADACEA (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos. glabrous ; petiole with a marked yellow “collar” at the base male cones 1-3 on a stem, with no visible peduncle, about 2 ft. long and 6 in. in diam., brownish yellow ; scales much narrowed to and irregularly rhomboi the top, not p t; female cones rare, up to 60 Ibs. weight, sessile, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, up to 2 long and 10 in with about 15 of s ales ; scales concave, flat or : teaked "deeply Tugose top; seeds about 2-23 in long, red. I in Tijdschr. Nat. Ge vi. 100, t. iii. (1839) horridus var eeshlenge ager Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 36 ly : . Wi ‘ : E. Van Hallii, Vriese in Tijdsc hr. Nat. Gesch. i v. 422, t. x. (18 3T- 8). E. horridus vars. Van Hallii and latifrons, Renae L.c. 117 (1932). GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: ante and Bathurst Divs., in open grass- veld ae on low rocky ridges. Vite e Div.: near Paarde Poort, MacOwan! Bathurst ee : Trapps Valley, is mber, 1000-1400 ae Ppt t 10-14 miles from the ii " Rattray, 8439 ! (in 8. Afr. Mus. Herb., 1100!). Livin ing specimens at Kew According © Rattray the Sse persist for several hacia ~ occupy about 18 in. of the upper part of the stem cones are ripe in January and the dried up male cones were then still presen For comparison with E. horridus see note iar that species. E. longifolius (Lehm. Pugill. vi. 14 (1834)); stem well- a . stout, about 12 ft. high or more, simple or rarely branched, the top dome- shap ed between the bud and the mature leaves ; leaves green, numerous in a 14-2 ft. long and 6-8 in. in rile scales in very numerous spirals, lanceolate, acuminate with blunt hooked rt a8 ; female cones sessile, up to 90 Ibs. in weight, 2 ft. long, 12-14 in. in diam. ; scales in less numerous spirals than in the male, rhomboid, umbonate, re rugose ; seeds red, broadly oblong, vars. revolutus Miq., angustifolius Miq., and Hookeri DC. 1.c. Schuster in Engl. Pflanzen. Cycad. iii. figs. 3A, 4G, 6A, 16 R-U (1932). Zamia longifolia, Jacq. Fragm. 38, t. 29 (1809); Pers. Sen il. 631; Spreng. Ms ihe = 908. Zami Fragm. t and 3 (1809). caffra, Thunb. in Nov. Act. Soe. Scient. Upsal. ii. 283, as to ist os ie only. Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos.| CcYCADACEa (Hutch. & Rattr.). 39 Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4903, not of Lehm. (1859) ; Rev. Hort. 1869, 233, fig. 56. E. lanuginosus, Lehm. Pugill. vi. 14 (1834). HE. Alten- steinit, Gard. Chron. Ser. iii. xl, 206, fig. 84 (1906), not of Lehm GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: From oe Bosch in Humansdorp Div. to Van hea rhs Z oo in open veld. nsdor .: Assegai aks Thunberg ; without locality, Oldenburg 1497 (in Herb. Brit. Mus.) ' — ed cultivated specimens from various collec- ions! Living specimens at Distinguishing features of ih species, which was confused by Thunberg with the stemless #. caffer, and figured as such in the Botanical Magazine (tab. 4903), are the curled Siok: like tops of the leaves, the leaflets forming a rather wide V; they are often quite entire. The pith is used in making Kaffir bread. . E. Altensteinii (Lehm. Pugill. vi. 11, t. 4, 5 (1834) ); stem ae to about 16 ft. high and about 2 ft. in circumference ; young stem ovoid, woolly; leaves green, numerous in crown, nearly straight, up to 5 ft. long ; rhachis soon glabrous ; leaflets spreading cylindric, slightly tapered to the base, about 12-15 in. s beaked-acuminate, with a recurved flatti sh top ; dly co solitary, sessile yellowish brown, broa oblong-ellipsoid, about 1} ft. long and 9 in. in dia ually with out 15 spirals of scales, up to about 40 lbs. in weight; scales rhomboid-umbonate with a truncate concave top, very rugose ; seeds = oblong, about 2 in. long. Hort. e Journ. Jard. and Amat 167, pl. ix (1837); Mig. Monogr. seg 51, incl. vars. pinisdenttus and angustifolins Mig. l.c. (1842); Mig. in Linnea xix. 420, t. rodr. Cyead. 10 (1861); DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 532, incl. var. eriocephalus Vriese Descr. Pl. Nouv. Jard. Leyd. t. 2; Gard. Chron. vi. 392-97, figs. 80-83 (1876) ; ser. 3, 11. 281 (1887) ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. tt. 7 162- 3 (1891) ; Schuster i in Engl. Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 112, with figs. (1932). #. Marumii, Vriese Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. v. 188 (1838). #. Vromit, Malte Recherch. mia spinosa, Lodd. ex DG. l.c., name only. Z. spinulosa aay Z. ic ataeiesa, Hort. ex Miq. Monoer. Creat 51 (1842). GrooRAPHICAL RANGE: River valleys from the = River, Bathurst to Natal and the Eastern Transvaal, ascending to 3500 ft. alt. in ett Bathurst Div.: Bat nsocmg Rattray in Herb. S. Afr. Mus. 1099! King Williamstown, Sim in Herb. S. Afr. Mus. 847! East London Div.: Nahoon R., E. London, photo. . by Pearson in Herb erb. Galpi in Kast London Park, J. Wood 40 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos. in Herb, Galpin eee Komgha Div.: near Komgha, Flanagan 1372 (in Herb. 8S. Afr. Mus 4360)! Transkei Div.: Kei Road, Rogers 322 55 | Ke — valleys, Pegler, 11161 Living specimens at Kew! (I have not seen specimen from Natal and the Transvaal.—J. H. ) ording to notes by Dr. Rattray, this species occurs from the Kowie Riv allen in the Bathacst Diy. as far as Durban, and extends from the coast hills the Amatola Mountains ; usually it is found in shady situations, and when aracters us, Which occurs in paar’ situations. In the la dag species, ee ed ee Rattray ei e southe limit of distribution is reached. In this 4 re rick on (Rowe Val ley), i ptheigcies 1908, he carefully examined more than a hundred well- developed ‘sie and und the remains of only one male cone. Further north in the Na soos and Gonubie valleys cones were produced in fair herons In Natal the dig sary ‘ce , B jor =] e im td vs] + n ely. Ba eys P they collect and carry them to the tops 0 of cliffs. or trees, ee ei the einai hard kernel and eating only the delicate soft outer coat of the seed, 9. E. Woodii (Sander in Gard. Chron. 1908, 257, with habit h poin nerves numerous, ily di stinet ; isle cones «aba silos sendee cylindric, na o 4 ft. ong; scales very numerous, ong-pointe with a small t uncate top; female cones not seen. oo in Kew Bull. 1914, 250, Sah habit fig. -, and 1916, 181 ; Schuster Engl. Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 120. E. Altensteinii var. bispinna, 5 M. Wood Ann. Rep. Bot. Gard. Natal 1907, 8, with fig. GmoGRAPHICAL Rance: Known only from Zululand. Zululand : Ngoye, Wylie! os definite locality, Medley Wood! Cult. in Durban Bot. Gard. (Natal Herb. no. 16044 !). This appears to be rather a distinct race or species very closely allied to E. Altensteinii and to E. H ildebrandtii, the a from East Africa ; from the it is distinguished by its usually mu tise aerated which tend re ickles ried Pa aie E. 2972p but > BE. Hi ldcbrandiin oe nua: however, narrower ay gies of E. Ailensteints There is a fine plant of Z. Wood 19 ee: Ee eS Fi So 10. E. paucidentatus (Stapf & Burtt Davy in Burtt oe Fi. Transvaal i. 40, 99, fig. 4,-A (1926) ); stem about 6 ft. high ; trunk - in Sagrl ves green, about 8 8 ft. Py asta Encephalartos.| cycADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). 41 Fig. etree morn 2 pikes, pia ot eas ogg leaf showing _ reduction to prickles, ty typical of t in roieh ( portion — of leaf ; (3) leaflet from a about the i 42 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos. p more or less contiguous, narrowly or almost linear-lanceolate, and em. dentate towards the red ae ones pedunculate, much curved 13-2 ft. long, —: 61 : ten, ; or rte pubescent ; RQ Or 7 ia") R ao st 5 j=) © pe S be, om — ° = oe } So oe — es ° 9°] ° — ro) — & 2 ie ° =| ct a tole pee 4 — °o i=) fa 5 ° =] B + fae) GpoGRAPHICAL Rance: North-eastern Transvaal; in partial shade, 3000-4000 ft. North-eastern _ svaal : sehr res ye be River, Legat af Nat. soaker Pretoria, 5185 ! r Barberton, 3000-4000 ft., Thor rneroft in Herb. Roger. 28426! Moodies “Estates farm, aca near Barberton, Van Hiden in Nat, Herb. Pretoria, 10085 11. E. cycadifolius (Lehm. a vi. 13 (1834)); stem stout, up to 10 ft. high, densely woolly ; leaves numerous, up to 5 ft. long, straight or nearly so ; slashis densely eaotly when young, subterete ; leaflets very numerous and crowded, usually overlapping, straight i I 27, partly-(as to t. 26 only *) (1800); Pers. Synop. ii. 631; Syst Bod en 7 oo os Friderici-Guilielmi, Lehm. Pugill. vi. ; Mig. sy yead. 44 (1842). £. acanthus, Masters in Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 810. — ; Grog ee : From Kliplaat in the Jansenville Div. (fide Marloth) Catheart, “Qu Queenstown nd Tsolo dist oi 3000-5300 ft. alt., a haat 60 miles distant se fr e sh ee ansenville Div. (fide Marloth): Uit Zeyher (Herb. Brit.) ! Cuckeact Div.: near Cathcart, Sim, ‘enh Zr ek, Mw P alee d ! * Jacquin’s t. 25 is of a glabrous female cone, probably of Z. villosus Lem. Encephalartos.| | CYCADACEA (Hutch. & Rattr.). 43 Queenstown Div. : age t rocks on mountain tops around Queenstown, 4000-4500 ft., Galpin, 1525 ! fossa of Mbumbu A a Queenstown ft. Pearso on (photo.) ! hese Menge Queensto 4000 5 25 ay in Herb. Galpin, 8411! King Willia wn Div. : near King Williamstown, Sim in S. Afr. Mus. Herb., 1347! solo district (fide Rattra Our a inags of this a dates from stag iene (Progmenta Botanica, p- 27) in 1800. Unfortunately he pct eeng he speci He described pe figured at t. 26 a leaf of i meh ich has rade ways te en amt ‘side re cycadifolius or E, Friderict- Buiticlmi. But the female cone shown n t. 25 is probably that of EF. villosus aoe te species not recognised and described until pid this female cone is quite glabrous and the seeds are red, whereas in H. cycadi, sec ba female cone is a densely and permanently woolly, and the seeds are yelloy E. lanatus (Stapf & Burtt Davy in Burtt Davy Flora nant 40, 99, fig. 4 D (1926) ) ; stems several feet high, simple ; 4 i d, gla and pilose shoes, soon Be with 12-14 pr t a uous nerves below, margins very thick and callus-like, at first ciliate with woolly hairs; male cones shortly ea long and 2 in. in diam., with about 12 spirals of scales; scales narrowly rhomboid at the top and densely woolly-tomentose, about 3 female cones shortly pedunculate, cylindric, abruptl 2 in. across ; female 8 y pe y ptly narrowed at each end, about 7 in. long and 3 in. in diam., with ; c towards the margin which swells and forms a thick glabrous callus ; seeds broadly ellipsoid, about 1 in. long, probably yellow. &. levifolius, Stapf & B. Davy Le. fig. 4 e (1926). GeoGRAPHICAL RANGE: Eastern Transvaal, from cearsagoee:f ae the Godwan River area to berton district, at 3000-5000 ft. altit Transvaal: Middelburg district ; Mooi Kopje, Pole Evan nay de Herb., 11497 ! Middelburg, ” erwe in Nat. Herb., 8041! Toe vlugty near Middelburg Town lands, Weeber in Colon. Herb., 647 1! Lydenburg district ; Crocodile 1b. ). River, near Piet Schoeman, Apr. , Wilms, 1355! (H we I rit.) B n dis ; Godwan Rive t Thorneroft in Herb. Rogers, cola satel 23689 ! Moodies, near Barberton, T'odd in Natal Herb rt igs ! Edge of Black Reef quartzite escarpment, 1 mile from Berlin Forestry Station, up to 10 ft., Welling freely, Van Nouhuys in Nat. Herb. Pretoria, 10086 ! villous, with one obscure rib above and below ; leaflets numerous, widely spreading, subacicular, with strongly recurv: margins, abruptly very pungent-pointed, the middle ones the longest and 44 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [| Hncephalartos. about 4 in. long, ape aaa when young, at length thinly pubescent on the upper side, not visibly nerved below but with about 4 obscure parallel nerves ; oe cones sessile, slightly curved, cylindric, about 9 in. long and 3 in. in diam., densely woolly ; scales ax ature, the top irregularly rhomboid, remaining densely woolly, shortly stalked, nearly covered with microsporan fema cone very shortly pedunculate, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, about 15 in. long and 9 in. in diam., with about 9-11 spirals of very densel woolly brownish scales; scales remaining woolly, shortly peltate, with recurved edg seeds very broadly oblong-ellipsoid about 1} in. long, — brown or Sage with a tinge d the base. 1. 8); Seward in Proc. Camb 1868); Sew : a Soc. ix. “Bi habit fig. (1898). Zamia Ghellinckii, Hort. ex ; cadifolius var. Friderici-Guilielmi, Schuster in Engl. Piscean Soriee 109, partly (as to syn. E. Ghellincki Lem.). G Rance: Natal, apparently ee almost sea-level to about 5000 ft. on the eastern slopes of the Drake nsber, Natal: Umzimkulu River, Nelson 16! Umzimto district, Wood i ces, Hutchinson, 4536! Alexandra distri stony slopes, war ye flats, Dumisa, Rudatis, 1299 ! Without definite culty, White | Vyv PAGE Callitris arborea Se - ex Drege 24 cupressoides, Schrad. = cupressoi Wood equisetiformis, Mast. 34 juniperoides, Durand & Schinz ‘ 24 ses ht Engl. . 18 lensis, Endl. ex Fo ourca 22 Schwarzii, Marloth | 2 stricta, Schlec 24 ytei, E — 18 ois Boal 14 Cupressus cthiopica onata, | 20 africana, He Oldeniand ex MEL 20