THE JOURNAL or THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. BOTANY. vor. xx. i LONDON- SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE, AND BY LUNGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER, AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. 1884. Dates of Publication of the several Numbers included in this Volume. ( 123, | 124, No. 125, ,, 95-86, ,, February 28, 1883. » 1206 , 87-158, , March 24, 1883. Nos. ILS 1- 24, published December 18, 1882. » 127, » 159-236, 5 April 16, 1883. » 128, » 237-313, - June 6, 1883. » 129, » 913-410, 5 September 24, 1883. » 130, ,, 417-404, p April 26, 1884. » 181, » 465-515, 2: April 28, 1884. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. LIST OF PAPERS. Page ARMIT, Capt. WirLrAM E., F.L.S., F. R.G.S. Notes on certain Plants of North-western Queensland possess- ing valuable Medicinal Properties ............. else 69 Baker, J. G., F.R.S., F.L.S. Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar.— Part I. Polypetale. (Plates A XAT, & XXIIL) a seats ssp eee ead 87 Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar.—Part II. Mono- petale. (Plates XXIV.-XXVIL) ..2......... eerte 159 Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar.—Part III. Incom- pletze, Monocotyledons, and Filices ...................... 237 Recent Additions to our Knowledge of the Flora of Fiji ...... 358 A Review of the Tuber-bearing Species of Solanum. (Plates XUI XEVL) 4 ice is ee ee 489 BALFOUR, Professor I. BAyiey, D.Sc., F.L.S. Description of a new Species of Pandanus, as a Note to Mr. J. G. Baker's Paper on the Flora of Fiji .................... 416 BENNETT, ALFRED W., M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S. Reproduction of the Zygnemacez ; a Contribution towards the Solution of the Question, Is it of a Sexual Character? CWith 8 wooded) 2... eoe moo a 2 E a 430 BENTHAM, GEORGE, F.R.S. On the Joint and Separate Work of the Authors of Bentham and Hooker's ‘Genera Plantarum’ .......ennunnennnnonns 304 Borvs, Harry, F.L.S. Contributions to South-African Botany.—Orchidew .......... 467 Bower, FREDERICK OrPEN, M.A., F.L.S. On the Structure of the Stem of Rhynchopetalum montanum, Fresen. (Plates XXXVL-XXXVIIL) ............. 440 Note on the Gemme of Aulacomnion palustre, Schwegr. (With a WOMEN)... Leccecdessonteteran nent aba cny a 465 iv Page CrankE, Cnas. Baron, F.R.S., F.L.S. On Hemicarex, Benth., and its Allies. (Plate XXX.)........ 374 CLEVE, Professor P. T., of Upsala. On the Diatoms collected during the Arctic Expedition of Sir George Nar68- o. amenan queer iere ( s y UR eu RR PR 313 Cooxz, M. C., LL.D., A.L.S. The Structure and Affinity of Spheria pocula, Schweinitz. (Plato ALVIL) -ieri ero Ana ee e rece beret o 508 Cromer, Rev. James M., F.L.S., and Dr. WILLIAM NYLANDER, F.M.L.S. On a Collection of Exotic Lichens made in Eastern Asia by the Iate Dr A. C. Mamiya eva is 48 CRomBIE, Rev. James M., F.L.S. Additions to the Lichens of the ‘ Challenger’ Expedition...... 82 Dvzn, W. T. TursELTON, M.A., C.M.G., F.R.S., F.L.S., Assistant Director Royal Gardens, Kew. Note on the Origin of Cassia lignea ........... ccc cee eee 19 Notes on some new Economic Products recently received at the Royal Gardens, Mew 2... os). oc rero rhy CE EAE 404 GARDNER, J. Starke, F.G.S. Alnus Richardsoni (Petrophiloides, Bowerbank), a Fossil Fruit from the London Clay of Herne Bay. (Plate XXXI)...... 417 GREEN, J. R., B.Sc., Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. On the Organs of Secretion in the Hypericaceew. (Plates KAXEX CXE). o Uh ves hoc ts A Er eeke v RS 451 HEMSLEY, W. Bortine, A.L.S. On the Synonymy of the Orchidaceous Genus Didymoplezis, Griffith, and the Elongation of the Pedicels of D. pallens after Biowerng. (Plate AXVIHL) oo ccc 308 Hooker, Sir Josera D., K.C.S.I., Director Royal Gardens, Kew. Preliminary Note to Prof, Watt's Indian Species of Primula .. 1 Howanrp, Jonn Error, F.R.S., F.L.S. On Cinchona Calisaya, var. Ledgeriana, How., and C. Ledgeriana (Moens) rs ese eres ivo vt eee ey ee ee aS 317 Page Krrrow, F., Hon. F.R.M.S. On some Diatomacez from the Island of Socotra. (Plate XEVHEI. C ou UII MOLAR Le edet 513 LisTER, Miss G. On the Origin of the Placentas in the Tribe Alsinee of the Order Caryophyllee. (Plates XXXIL-XXXV.)................ 423 Masters, MaxwELL T., M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. On the Passiflore: collected by M. Edouard André in Ecuador and New Granada. (Plates XIX. & XX.)................ 25 Murray, GEORGE, F.L.S., Assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum, and Lecturer on Botany, St. George's Hospital. On the Outer Peridium of Broomeia. (Plate XXIX.) ........ 311 NYLANDER, Dr. WinLLiAM, F.M.L.S. and the Rev. James M. CROMBIE, F.L.S. On 2 Collection of Exotic Lichens made in Eastern Asia by the late Dr: A. C. Maingay oot se ose sl 48 Prownianr, Dr. CHaruxs B. On the Life-history of Acidium bellidis, DC. ................ 511 Porrzn, M. C., B.A., St. Peter's College, Cambridge. On the Development of Starch-grains in the Laticiferous Cells of the Euphorbiacew. (With 4 woodcuts.) .............. 446 Rw ey, Henry N., M.A., F.L.S., Assistant, Botanical Department, British (Natural-History) Museum. Teratological Notes on Plants.—I. (With 3 woodcuts.)...... 45 . Descriptions and Notes on new or rare Monocotyledonous Plants from Madagascar, with one from Angola............ 329 Rorre, R. A., Herbarium Royal Gardens, Kew. On the Selaginez described by Linnzus, Bergius, Linneus fil., and Thunborg .... se ev ew ee whe S 338 TEPPER, J. G. Orro, F.L.S. Discovery of Tasmanian Plants near Adelaide, South Australia. 72 Remarkable Malformation of the Leaves of Beyeria opaca, F. v. Mueller, var. linearis (Bentham, Flora Austral. vi. 65). da XXE) P aioe en T 84 Watt, Grorer, M.B., C.M., F.L.S., Professor of Botany, Bengal Educational Service, Calcutta. On some Undescribed and Imperfectly known Indian Species of Primula and Androsace. (Plates L-XVIIL).........0..4. 1 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. PRIMULA GAMBELIANA. Y II. —— PULCHRA and P. vAGINATA. 6 IH. FILIPES and P. CLARKEI. E IV. — —-— cowciNNA, P. GLABRA, P. Heyner, and P. uvs- 2 COIDES. : ie V. OBTUSIFOLIA, var. Griffithii. E s VIL, VIL. —— ELONGATA and P. Kına. A Š VIII. —— Dıcgirkana and P. HooKERI. g & IX. STUARTII, var. purpurea. e) = X. — , var. Moorcroftiana. S o XI TIBETICA, P. UNIFLORA, and P. sOLDANELLOIDES. i Ta a XII. —— Exwesiana and P. TENELLA. R XIII. —— wvscorpes, var. tenuiloba, P. REPTANS, P. SAP- > ï PHIRINA, and P. STIRTONIANA. a & XIV. Warti and ANDROSACE CROFTII. E XV. ANDROSACE ROTUNDIFOLIA, var. Stracheyi. £ XVI. GERANIIFOLIA. 3 XVII. CHAMEJASME, var. coronata, and A. ROTUNDIFOLIA, js var. Thomsoni. &e XVII. SELAGO and À. MUSCOIDEA. ] XIX. | TACSONIA FLORIBUNDA, var. major, XX. ) PASSIFLORA EMINULA and P. LoRIFERA. Illustrating Dr. Masterss Passifloree of Ecuador and New Granada. XXI. MALFORMED LEAVES of Beyeria opaca, as described by J. G. Otto Tepper. XXII. SPARMANNIA DISCOLOR. b XXIII. MicnosrEIA CunrmIsI. | Being a new genus and XXIV. ScHIsMATOCLADA PSYCHOTRIOIDES. species of plants from XXV. '"TETRASPIDIUM LAXIFLORUM. f Madagascar, described XXVI. MONACHOCHLAMYS FLAGELLARIS. | by J. G. Baker. XXVII. Forsytniorsis BARONI. XXVIII. ErowcATED PEDICELS, &c., of Didymoplexis pallens, illustrating W. B. Hemsley's paper on peculiarities of this Orchid. XXIX. PznrDiUM of Broomeia congregata, described by G. Murray. XXX. IxrFLOnESCENCE of Hemicarex and allies, illustratirg C. B. Clarke's paper thereon. PLATE XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. vii Aunus RICHARDSONI, examples of the fossil fruit as referred to in J. Starkie Gardner's paper. CAPSULE DEVELOPMENT of Lychnis diurna. of Sagina apetala and Spergula arvensis. of Cerastium triviale and C. quaternellum. CAPSULES and LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS on first pui of Ovules in various genera of Alsinee. Illustrating Origin of Placentas in the Tribe, by Miss G. Lister. f — RHYNCHOPETALUM MONTANUM, exterior views and structure of stel of, illustrating F. O. Bower's paper. DiAGRAMs of Microscopic Sections, demonstrating J. R. Green's observations on the Organs of Secretion in the Hypericaces. SOLANUM TUBEROSUM. | Illustrating J. G. Baker's Paper Macia. — — CARDIOPHYLLUM. i : + on the Tuber-bearing Species of —— COMMERSONI. Solanum. —— JAMESII. OXYCARPUM. J STRUCTURAL DETAILS of Spheria pocula, illustrating M. C. Cooke's paper on the same. Diatomacez from Socotra, illustrating F. Kitton's paper. THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. On some Undescribed and Tmperfectly known Ingjén Species of Primula and Androsace. By Grorazt Wart, M.B., C.M., F.L.S., Professor of Botany, Bengal Educational Service, Caleutta. [Read April 21, 1881.] (PraTES I.-XVTII.) [Preliminary Note by Siz J. D. Hooxer.—During a brief fur- lough in England, passed at Kew, Dr. Watt commenced a study of the Indian species of Primula and Androsace, which he intended, when completed, to lay before the Linnean Society. His recall to India prevented his completion of the task, and gave him the opportunity of collecting in the Sikkim Himalaya (which has proved to be the richest province of the Order hitherto known) new species and additional information and observations, which he at once transmitted to Kew. Meanwhile the advance of the * Flora of British India' having rendered it necessary that the description of the whole Order should be taken up for that work, Dr. Watt obligingly made over his materials to me with the request that I should deal with them as I thought best. Under these cireumstanees, finding that the value and interest of Dr. Watt's labours centred in the number of new and remarkable species which he had provisionally named and, for the most part, accompanied with more or less complete diagnoses, I have with his approval reexamined his material, revised his characters, and offer them in accordance with his intentions, and in his name, to the Linnean Society.—J. D. H.] LINN. JOURN.—- BOTANY, VOL. XX. B Lo MR. G. WATT ON SOME Introductory Remarks.—Before proceeding to the description of the Indian species of Primula, a few words on the composition and geographical distribution of the genus may not be out of place. Altogether the genus comprises nearly one hundred species, which inhabit the temperate and cold regions of the Northern hemisphere, one only being found, and that in great abundance, in the Southern hemisphere on the shores of Fuegia and in the Falkland Islands*. This is the most remarkable feature in the distribution of the genus, inasmuch as it is not known to be otherwise represented in the country intervening between the mountains of New Mexico and the extreme south of Patagonia—a break of about 5000 miles. P. farinosa has the widest range of any species in the northern hemisphere, inhabit- ing the mountains of Europe from the Pyrenees eastward and northward, Central Asia, the mountains of North India, Japan, and North America from Labrador and Nova Scotia northward and westward to the Rocky Mountains, advancing southward along this range to Colorado. An interesting fact in the wide and interrupted distribution of P. farinosa, is the comparatively slight variation it exhibits throughout its range. The distribu- tion of the genus in the northern hemisphere offers some other noteworthy features. In round numbers, about forty species inhabit Europe, about the same number the mountains of North India, nine occur in North America, eight are recorded from Japan and China, one from the mountains of Java, one from Abyssinia, and Central Asia possesses a few endemic species in addition to those that are common to it and other regions. Of the nine North-American species, five also occur in North Asia or Europe, and three (very distinct species) are peculiar to the lofty mountains of Colorado, Arizona, and the adjoining terri- tories. On the eastern side of the continent only one species occurs as far south as Vermont and New York, where it reaches its southern limit. The Abyssinian species are endemic; they differ from all others except the Himalayan P. floribunda in the complicate vernation of the leaves, a character only to be detected in their very young state ; and it may be mentioned that no species has hitherto been discovered in the Deccan. Another interesting * This, the P. magellanica, Lehm., was identified by the late H. C. Watson and Sir J. Hooker (‘Flora Antarctica, i. 937) with P. farinosa, from which, however, Sir J. Hooker informs me it is abundantly distinguished by the sessile white flowers and the large tuberculated seeds. INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 8 faet is the existence of two great centres of concentration of species, namely the mountains of Central Europe and of North India; and although some of the species of the two regions over- lap in the intervening country, two only seem to be common to both regions. Of the Himalayan species, the only one besides P. farinosa that has a wide range outside of India is P. sibirica*. This inhabits Central and Northern Asia and Arctic America from Kamtschatka to Greenland. Most of the species of this region are endemic, and some of them apparently local, whilst others extend from Sikkim to the north-west, and are so variable that they are difficult to define. A large number of forms have been referred to P. denticulata, P. Stuartii, and P. petiolaris, whether rightly or wrongly could not be determined. On the other hand, some forms have been raised to the rank of species, because with our present materia] they are readily distinguished. Whatever rank we assign them, the numerous forms of Primula constitute one of the most charming and characteristic features of the alpine vegetation of Northern India. 1. Primura, L. A. Leaves on long slender unwinged petioles, orbicular oblong or cordate, margins revolute in vernation. (See also P. tibetica.) 1. P. Gampetiana, Watt; gemmis farinosis, foliis 1-1 poll. diam., orbiculari-cordatis dentatis, umbellis paucifloris, bracteis 1-3 subulatis, corolla purpurea, ore obscure annulato, lobis orbi- cularibus emarginatis. (Tas. I.) SIKKIM HIMALAYA: Jongri, alt. 14,000 ft., G. Watt. Allied to P. rotundifolia, but much smaller, with fewer and larger flowers. Leaves membranous, resembling those of P. pulchra, but not sheathed with large fleshy scales at the base. Scape and inflorescence quite glabrous. ^ Corolla-limb concave, 1-1} inch diam. Ovary and stigma as in P. rotundifolia. Fruit unknown. Prats I. fig. 1, whole plant, nat. size. 2, calyx; 3, corolla laid open; 4, ovary: all enlarged. 2. P. PULCHRA, Watt; glaberrima, efarinosa, caule vaginis * Sir J. Hooker informs me that he is convinced that a revision of the genus will result in the identification of several of the Western Himalayan species with ‘North Asiatic and even European ones. B2 4 MR. G. WATT ON SOME elongatis instructo, foliis oblongis v. ovato-oblongis subtus glaucis basi rotundatis cordatisve, apice rotundatis, marginibus undula- tis, scapo brevi 2-10-floro, bracteis membranaceis filiformibus v. subulatis, floribus laxe umbellatis, corolla purpurea, tubo infundi- bulari, ore obscure annulato, lobis latis obcordatis. (Tas. II. A.) Sikkim HIMALAYA: Lachen, alt. 12,000-14,000 ft, J. D. Hooker; Jongri, Watt. Sheaths 1-1j inch long, embracing the petioles. Leaves few, blade 1-12 inch, midrib stout, nerves few; petiole 1-13 inch. Scape about equalling the petiole; bracts much shorter and more slender than the very unequal pedicels. Calyx 4—} inch, terete. Corolla very large for the size of the plant, 3-1 inch diam. Ovary globose, subacute ; stigma globose. Fruit unknown. Prats II. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, top of scape and bracts ; 3, calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open; 5, ovary: all enlarged. 3. P. vaainava, Watt; puberula v. glabrata, efarinosa, foliis I poll. diam. orbicularibus profunde cordatis 7 -lobis, petiolo basi lata vaginante, scapo 2—4-pollicari 3-6-floro, pedicellis in;qui- longis, bracteis linearibus, calycis lobis brevibus, corolla lilacina, tubo infundibulari, ore annulato, lobis 2—4-fidis. (Tas. II. B.) SikKrw HrwAnAyA: La Ghep, alt. 10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Rootstock small, woody. Petiole abruptly dilated at the base into the broad membranous sheath. Scape glabrous; pedicels 4-3 inch. Calyx campanulate ; lobe ovate, acute. Corolla-tube not twice the length of the calyx; limb } inch diam. Ovary globose, acute. Fruit unknown. Prare II. B. fig. 1, whole plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, bract ; 4, calyx ; 5, portion of corolla laid open : all enlarged. 4. P. CLARKEI, Watt; glaberrima, foliis 1-1i-pollicaribus orbiculari- v. elliptico-cordatis dentatis v. crenatis apice rotun- datis, scapo 0, pedicellis petiolos sspe squantibus, calyce late campanulato, lobis brevibus, coroll: tubo gracili, ore exannulato, limbo plano, lobis 2-fidis, capsula globosa inclusa. (Tas. III. B.) Kasur: at Poosiana, alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke. A very singular species, with the habit of Viola palustris. Rootstock slender, woody. Leaves membranous, nerves very ender ; petiole 2-4 inches, very slender, base narrowly sheath- ing. Pedicels 2-3, very slender. Corolla-tube 3 inch, lobes INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 5 narrow. Ovary globose, acute; stigma capitate. Seeds sub- globose, black, minutely papillose, 2, inch diam. Prate III. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size; 2, calyx, enlarged. 5. P. FILIPES, Watt; sparse pubescens, efarinosa, foliis 1-14 poll. diam., ovato-oblongis v. orbiculari-cordatis integerrimis lobu- latis v. dentatis, petiolo gracillimo, scapo 6-8-floro foliis breviore, calycis lobis latis, corolla carnea, ore exannulato, limbo plano, eapsula globosa inclusa, seminibus minimis levibus.—Primula, Griff. Itin. Notes, 123. n. 396; Notul. iv. 299; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 485. f£. 1. (Tas. III. A.) BnormaN : on rocks near Chuka, alt. 6500 ft., Griffith. Rootstock long, woody. Leaves membranous. Scape about equalling the petioles, slender in flower, thickened in fruit; bracts small, subulate. Calyx broadly campanulate. Oorolla-tube 4 inch, three times as long as the calyx, funnel-shaped ; limb as much broad ; lobes obovate, 2-lobed. Seeds y inch, dark brown, obtusely angled.—Closely allied to the Chinese P. obconica, Hance (P. poculiformis, Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 6582), but a much smaller and more delicate plant, with a longer corolla-tube. Prare III. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts; 3, calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open: all enlarged. B. Leaves sessile, or base narrowed into a broad winged petiole, margins revolute in vernation. (Petiole sometimes slender : P. tibetica.) 6. P. HevpzEr, Watt; parvula, stolonifera, foliis 1-1-pollicaribus sessilibus lanceolatis acuminatis grosse dentatis subtus farinosis, scapo valido 5—2c -floro, floribus sessilibus, bracteis parvis basi saeeatis, coroll: tubo calyce longiore, limbo plano. (Tas. IV. C.) WESTERN TinET: alt. 12,000-14,000 ít., T. Thomson; Taglang, Heyde. Densely tufted ; stolons short, leafy. Leaves rosulate or erect, those on the stolons subsecund ; teeth often subrecurved. Scape 1-4 inches, strict, and inflorescence mealy. Calyx campanulate, cleft to the middle. Corolla pale lilac,4 inch diam. Capsule in- cluded, oblong. Seeds jl; inch, pale, obtusely angled, minutely papillose. Prare IV.C. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, bracts; 4, calyx: all enlarged. 7. P. conctnna, Watt; dense caspitosa, pusilla, foliis 4-1- 6 MR G. WATT ON SOME pollicaribus, oblanceolatis acutis v. obtusis integerrimis v. crenu- latis subtus farinosis, scapo brevi 2-4-floro, pedicellis fructu elon- gatis, bracteis basi gibbis, calyce corolle tubum brevem æquante, ore corolle contracto annulato, limbo plano, lobis obcordatis. (Tas. IV. A.) Srxx1« Himataya: on the Tibetan passes, alt. 15,000-17,000 ft., J. D. Hooker, G. Watt. Tufts + inch high. Leaves narrowed into the short petiole. margins revolute. Scape rarely longer than the leaves; bracts linear-oblong, much shorter than the pedicels, which in fruit often much exceed the scape. Corolla 4 inch diam., pink or white. Capsule 4 inch long, cylindric-oblong. Seeds nearly orbicular, zp inch diam., a little flattened on one side, quite smooth, pale brown.—This resembles a reduced state of P. farinosa; but, besides the smaller size, the longer capsules, shorter corolla-tube, and flattened seeds well distinguish it. PratE IV. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, calyx; 3, portion of corolla laid open; 4, ovary ; 5, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. 8. P. trpetica, Watt; pumila, cespitosa, efarinosa, foliis 4—3-pollicaribus petiolatis coriaceis ellipticis acutis v. obtusis in- tegerrimis, scapo brevissimo 1-5-floro, bracteis linearibus basi gibbis, pedicellis scapo multo longiore, calyce tubuloso corollæ tubum æquante, corolle ore annulato, limbo plano, lobis profunde obcordatis. (Tas. XI. A.) TrsETAN frontier of the Himalaya: Gyanama, north of Ku- maon, alt. 15,500 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom; Kangra Lama, north of Sikkim, alt. 16,000-17,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Whole plant 1-3 inches high, quite glabrous. Leaves longer than the scape, usually obtuse, coriaceous, quite entire, nerves very indistinct, base rounded or acute; petiole slender, not winged. Scape 1-5-flowered ; bracts linear-oblong, erect, pro- duced downwards into a gibbosity; pedicels much longer than the scape, often six times as long, erect, stiff. Calyx 5-angled, shortly cleft, lobes obtuse. Corolla pale pink, tube equalling the calyx; limb 4 inch diam. ; lobes broadly deeply obcordate. Ovary oblong. Capsule cylindric, more or less exserted.— This is a near ally of P. sibirica, from which it conspicuously differs in the small size, singular shortness of the scape, and great length of the pedicels. The Kangra-Lama and Gyanama specimens entirely accord. INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 7 Prats XI. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts ; 3, portion of corolla laid open ; 4, ovary ; 5, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. 9. P. GLABRA, Klatt in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 500; inflorescentia farinosa, foliis 3-1-pollicaribus obovato-spathulatis acutis v. ob- tusis erosis v. dentatis, scapo gracili laxi- v. densifloro, floribus sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, bracteis brevibus basi gibbosis, calyce campanulato lobis brevibus late obovatis obtusis, corolla exannulata, lobis brevibus bifidis. (Tas. IV. B.) SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 13,000-15,000 ft., J. D. Hooker, O. B. Clarke, G. Watt. Tufted, 13-3 inches high. Leaves rosulate, spreading, small for the size of the plant, 1-1 inch long, rather thin, rigid when dry, tip rounded, base narrowed into a broad or slender petiole, teeth horizontal or recurved. Scape tall in comparison with the leaves, slender, erect, usually many-flowered; bracts subulate, very small, base gibbous ; flowers small, often in a rounded head. Calyx very different from any allied species, the broad lobes not one third the length of the tube, and as long as the corolla-tube. Oo- rolla blue-purple, limb 4-1 inch diam. Capsule oblong, included. Seeds coarsely papillar.—This remarkable little species resembles P. pusilla, Wall., in habit ; but the bracts are very different, and the mouth of the corolla is glabrous. Puate IV. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts; 3, calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open, with ovary and stamen; 5, seed: all enlarged. 10. P. OBTUSIFOLIA, Royle, Ill. p. 311, t. 77. f. 1; efarinosa v. foliis subtus et inflorescentia farinosis, foliis 2-6-pollicari- bus obovatis v. elliptico-spathulatis acutis v. obtusis integris cre- natis erosis v. grosse dentatis, basi angustatis v. cordatis, petiolo late alato, scapo robusto plurifloro, bracteis ovatis v. subulatis basi sepe connatis, corolle purpurex tubo calyce duplo longiore, ore annulato, lobis obcordatis, ovario acuto, capsula globosa calyci immersa. Duby in DO. Prod. viii. 42. (Tas. V.) EASTERN and Western TEMPERATE HIMALAYA: from Kuna- wur (Royle) to Bhotan (Griffth), ascending to 12,000 ft. in Sikkim. Rootstock stout, fleshy. Leaves very variable. Scape 6-10 inches ; bracts ]-l inch; pedicels 4-1} inch, stout in fruit. Calyx usually mealy, cupular or broadly campanulate in fruit; lobes 8 MR. d. WATT ON SOME triangular-ovate or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse. Corolla bright purple, limb 3-1 inch diam., often puberulous. Seeds large, zy inch diam., subglobose, coarsely papillose. Entire-leaved specimens of this fine species resemble at first sight broad-leaved states of P. Stuartii, var. purpurea, from which the thin texture of the leaves, the acute top of the ovary, and the capsule at once distinguish it. There are two forms of it, an Eastern and a Western, of which the Western extends to and overlaps the Eastern. Though differing at first sight, their diffe- rences reside only in the leaves, and these present intermediate states. Var. 1. Roylei; folis obovato-spathulatis obtusis erosis v. subintegris subtus farinosis.—Kunawur to Sikkim. Var. 2. Griffithii, Watt; folis ovato-cordatis acutis grosse dentatis.—Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, J. D. Hooker. Puate V. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts on scape; 3, bract ; 4, calyx ; 5, ovary: all enlarged. 11. P. gnoNGaATA, Watt; folis longe petiolatis 8—5-pollica- ribus membranaceis obovatis v. oblanceolatis obtusis crenulatis subtus farinosis v. concoloribus, scapo gracili paucifloro, floribus subsessilibus, bracteis brevibus subulatis basi simplicibus, calyce angusto ad medium 5fido, lobis lanceolatis, coroll; aurez tubo valde elongato fauce infundibulari exannulata, lobis rotundato- obcordatis crenatis, ovario subacuto. (Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. f. d Thoms., Primula, no. 14.) (Tas. VI.) Si&krM HiMALAYA: Zemu valley, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Rootstock stout, tuberous, giving off broad fleshy sheaths with membranous margins which embrace the petioles. Leaves 4-14 inch diam., narrowed into the winged, rarely slender petiole, midrib stout, nerves slender, crenatures regular. Scape stout, twice as long as the leaves, upper part and inflorescence mealy, 6-8-flowered ; bracts subulate from a broad base; pedicels very short. Calyx cleft halfway down into narrow lobes, much shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla golden yellow, tube twice as long as the calyx and expanding into a funnel-shaped throat, together i inch long.— This more resembles P. obtusifolia perhaps than any other other species, from which the long corolla-tube and throat and crenate lobes distinguish it. It was collected by Sir J. Hooker in 1849 and never since. INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 9 Puate VI. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts; 3, calyx; 4, por tion of corolla laid open ; 5, ovary: all enlarged. 12. P. Kner, Watt; glaberrima, efarinosa, foliis confertis 2-8-pollicaribus elliptico-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis v. obscure crenulatis, petiolo late vaginante membranaceo, costa valida, scapo gracili elongato 4—5-floro, bracteis e basi lata subulatis, pedicellis brevibus puberulis, calyce anguste subcampanulato, corolla rubro- purpurea late infundibulari puberula breviter 5-loba, limbo con- cavo, lobis retusis intus glabris. (Tas. VII.) Sikkim Himataya: at Natong (Herb. Hort. Calcutt.). Leaves spreading, subcoriaceous, pale beneath when dry. Scape 6-10 inches high, very slender; bracts very unequal. Calyx l inch long, obtusely angled. Corolla i-$ inch diam., claret- coloured. Ovary witha rounded 5-lobed crown. Fruit not seen. PLATE Vll. fig. 1, plant, nat. size; 2, calyx; 3, part of corolla laid open; 4, ovary : all enlarged. 13. P. Dicxreana, Watt; glaberrima, efarinosa, foliis ellip- tico-obovatis v. oblanceolatis acutis integerrimis v. serratis sessi- libus v. petiolatis, petiolo basi anguste membranaceo, scapo elon- gato 2-G-floro, floribus magnis sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, bracteis linearibus v. subulatis, coroll» flave tubo calyce duplo longiore intus hirsuto, limbo plano, disco pubescente. (Tas. VIII. A.) Sikkim Hıīımaraya: Lachen, on open banks, alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Rootstock stout, crowned with short sheaths that embrace the petioles. Leaves 1-3 inches, narrowed into broadly winged petioles, midrib stout, nerves indistinct. Scape stout, 3-10 inches; bracts membranous, sometimes inserted on the very short pedicel ; flowers drooping. Calyx large, half as long as the corolla- tube and funnel-shaped throat. Corolla 1 inch diam., tube and throat hairy within, lobes rounded and bifid. Top of ovary obtuse, thickened. Fruit not seen.—A beautiful species, re- sembling small states of P. Stuartii; but the leaves are, when not entire, serrate, the corolla-disk is pubescent, and tube hairy within; it is scentless. It has not been found except by Sir J. Hooker in 1848. Prats VIII. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bract; 3, calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open ; 5, ovary: all enlarged. 10 MR. G. WATT ON SOME 14. P. sappnteina, Hook. f. & Thomson, Herb. Ind. Or., Prim. no. 32; parvula, glabra v. puberula, foliis 1-4 poll. longis obo- vato-spathulatis obtusis grosse v. subpinnatifide dentatis, seapo filiformi 1-4-floro, bracteis ovato-oblongis, floribus sessilibus nu- tantibus, calycis tubo brevi tereti lobis obtusis, corolla subcam- panulata pruinosa, lobis brevibus bifidis. (Tas. XIII. C.) SrkKrM Himataya: Lachen valley, alt. 13,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Leaves forming small rosettes, 1-1 inch diam., teeth large and deep, with scattered white hairs above ; petiole very short. Scape 1-2 inches. Corolla 1 inch diam., bright or pale blue, hoary. Capsule included.—A very elegant little species PravE XIII. C. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, bract; 4, calyx; 5, corolla laid open: all enlarged. 15. P. soLDANELLOIDES, Watt ; parvula, glaberrima, efarinosa, foliis i—-pollicaribus ovatis grosse crenatis v. subpinnatifidis, scapo capillari 1-floro, flore magno nutante ebracteato, calycis lobis oblongo-ovatis obtusis, corolla alba late infundibulari, lobis brevibus grosse dentatis. (Tas. XI. C.) SrkKIM HrwAraya: Kankola pass, J. D. Hooker; Patang-la (Herb. Hort. Calcutt.). Leaves i-i inch long, base cuneate. Scape 1-2 inches, very slender, rigid; flower nodding. Calyx campanulate, cleft half- way. Corolla white, with hardly any tube proper, expanding from near the base into the dilated limb, 1-3 inch long and broad. Stamens at the base of the corolla; filaments distinct. Ovary minute, globose, top hardened obtuse.—A very beautiful little plant, allied to P. soldanelloides and P. sapphirina and tenella. A group confined to Sikkim, as far as is known. PrarE XI. C. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, calyx; 4, part of corolla laid open ; 5, stamens: all enlarged. 16. P. Warru, King in Herb. Calcutt.; foliis oblongo-oblan- ceolatis in petiolum angustatis obtusis grosse lobulato-crenatis v. dentatis, laxe molliter pilosis, crenis irregulariter dentatis v. inte- gris, scapo elongato multifloro, floribus capitatis pendulis, bracteis membranaceis, calyce maximo cupulari laxo membranaceo irregu- lariter lobato et inciso-dentato, corolla violacea tubo calyci æqui- longo, limbo late infundibulari 5-lobo lobis crenato-dentatis. (Tas. XIV. A.) INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 11 Srxkxrw Himatayra: Chola Natong (King). Rootstock small. Leaves few, 2-4 inches, membranous, 4—2 inch diam., hairs flexuous; petiole rather slender, sometimes equalling the blade. Scape 5-6 inches; head of flower 13-2 inches diam. ; bracts from narrow-lanceolate to almost rounded. Oalya 4 inch diam., very loose, open, and thin, veined. Corolla glabrous within and without; tube 1 inch; limb twice as long, and broad at the mouth. Stamens at the mouth of the tube; anthers oblong ; fila- ments very short. Ovary globose, top rounded; style very short ; stigma broadly capitate, truncate.—A very beautiful plant, closely allied to P. uniflora and P. soldanelloides, having the large mem- branous calyx of the former, which distinguishes these from all other species. Prats XIV. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bracts; 3, calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open ; 5, ovary : all enlarged. 17. P. SrvanTIT, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. ii. p. 20. Throughout the subalpine and alpine regions of the Hrwa- LAYA and in TrsET bordering it, alt. 12,000—16,000 ft. ; Afghan- istan. The following remarks upon this species are supplied by Sir J. D. Hooker :— “This is one of the most common and puzzling of the Himalayan Primula, if, indeed, there be not two or more species included under it, with possibly hybrid intermediates. P. denticulata, which inhabits lower levels, and P. petiolaris, from still lower, are the only equally wide-spread common and protean Himalayan congeners. The original P. Stwartii was founded by Wallich on a yellow-flowered plant well figured in the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ (tab. 4356) ; P. purpurea, published later by Royle (Ill. Pl. Himal. t. 77. f. 2), was founded on a purple-flowered one, which I find it impossible to distinguish by any other character from P. Stuartii, the two presenting a parallel geries of varieties in the size, shape, mealiness, and crenature of the leaves, number of flowers and bracts, and the shape and comparative lengths of the calyx-lobes, and capsule. P. Moorcroftiana, of Wallich, founded on miserable fragments collected in Western Tibet by Mooreroft, is a third supposed species, which is obviously a small state of purpurea. "The following is the best disposition of the series of 12 MR. G. WATT ON SOME forms that I ean suggest. I suspect that all are forms of the beautiful P. nivalis, Pallas, of Siberia and Central Asia." Van. 1. Stuartii typica; foliis 5-10-pollicaribus anguste oblan- ceolatis spathulatisve acutis crebre argute denticulato-crenatis rarius integerrimis subtus flavo-farinosis, inflorescentia farinosa, calycis lobis linearibus lanceolatisve acutis v. obtusis, corolle aurez lobis orbicularibus et emarginatis v. obeordatis integris v. subdentatis.—P. Stuartii, Wall. Cat. 606 in part; Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 34; Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 80; Duby in DC. Prodr. vii. 41; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4356. Var. 2. purpurea ; foliis ut in var. 1, sed rarius dentatis v. cre- natis sepius latioribus, floribus interdum in verticillos superpo- sitos dispositis, calycis lobis interdum fere polliearibus lineari- oblongis obtusis, corolla pallide v. saturate purpurea, lobis obcor- datis v. bifidis, capsula 1-1-pollieari.—P. purpurea, Royle, lll. Pl. Himal. 311, t. 77. f£. 2: Duby in DO. Prodr. viii. 40; Wall. Cat. 606 (e Kumaon). P. macrophylla, Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 80. P. Jaeschkiana, Kerner in Bericht. des Naturwiss. medicin. Vereins Innspr. Jahrg. i. Heft ii. 97. (Tas. IX.) Var. 3. Mooreroftiana. Minor, vix v. non farinosa, foliis ob- lanceolatis acutis sæpissime integerrimis, scapo breviore paucifloro, calycis lobis angustis acuminatis, corolla purpurea.—P. Moor- eroftiana, Wall. Cat. 4988. Western Tibet. (Tas. X.) Var. 4. macrocarpa; folis subtus farinosis 2—5-pollicaribus oblanceolatis obtusis acutisve, calyce majore 1-£-pollicari fere 5- partito segmentis lineari-oblongis obtusis coriaceis, capsula pollicari.—Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 15,000-17,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Var. 5. lineariloba; corolle purpures lobis angustis divari- eatis.—Tibet north of Sikkim, at a great elevation. Flowers alone of this were procured by Sir J. D. Hooker, who does not doubt their being referable to a very starved form of var. purpurea. Prare IX. P. Stuartii var. purpurea. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, calyx ; 3, ovary ; 4, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. PraTE X. P. purpurea var. Moorcroftiana. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, calyx; 3, ovary; 4, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. 18. P. untrLora, Klatt in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 500; efarinosa, foliis parvis petiolatis orbicularibus v. late ovatis grosse v. sub- pinnatifide crenatis v. dentatis, scapo gracillimo 1-2-floro, bracteis INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 18 minutis, floribus magnis sessilibus nutantibus, calycis profunde 5-lobi segmentis quadratis, corolla late infundibulari, lobis brevi- bus latis grosse dentatis. (Tas. XI. B.) Sikkim Himataya: on the Kankola Pass, alt. 15,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Rootstock small, with slender fibrous roots. Leaves 4-1 inch, including the petiole, rather slender, sparsely pubescent, base acute or truncate. Scapes one or more, tall for the size of the plant, 1-3 inches, slender; bracts oblong. Calyx nearly 4 inch long, campanulate, membranous, segments almost truncate, apicu- late, sometimes toothed. Corolla pale lilac; tube short, gradu- ally expanding into a limb 3-1 inch broad; lobes short, often 3- fid, the intermediate lobe very short. Stamens near the base of the corolla. Ovary globose.—A very remarkable species, unfor- tunately named, as it has usually two flowers, of which one is often imperfect; no other species has flowers so large in compa- rison with the foliage. PrarE XI. B. fig. l, plant, nat. size; 2,leaf; 3, scape and flower (one imperfect); 4, bract ; 5, calyx; 6, ovary: all but 1 and 3 enlarged. 19. P. TENELLA, King in Herb. Calcutt.; glaberrima, efarinosa, foliis $-pollicaribus obovatis v. trapezoideis supra medium grosse crenato-dentatis, scapo filiformi 1-floro, bractea minuta, calycis lobis obtusis, corolle tubo gracili fauce late infundibulari, lobis latis profunde obcordatis. (Tas. XII. B.) Cuvumbi VALLEY, at Phari (between Sikkim and Bhotan), alt. about 15,000 ft. Rootstock stout. Leaves mealy all over, especially beneath, subacute, petiole broadly winged. Scape very slender; bract close under the flower, shorter than the calyx. Corolla bluish white, tube 3 inch ; limb 2 inch diam. Stamens near the base of thetube. Ovary subacute, top thickened; stigma large, capi- tate.—4A remarkable little species, very unlike any other. Prate XII. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bract and calyx; 3, portion of corolla laid open, with stamens and ovary: all enlarged. 20. P. Exwesiana, King im Herb. Calcutt.; efarinosa, foliis 2-8-pollicaribus oblanceolatis subacutis integerrimis coriaceis, 14 MR. G. WATT ON SOME nervis obscuris, scapo robusto elongato floreque magno solitario pubescenti-tomentoso, bractea 0, calyce brevi 5-partito segmentis ovato-lanceolatis, corolle infundibularis è poll. long: lobis bre- vibus obovato-oblongis erenatis. (Tan. XII. A.) Srxkrw Hrmataya, alt. about 12,000 ft. (King). Rootstock very stout, crowned with broad sheathing scales, which embrace the petioles. Zeaves narrowed into broad winged puberulous petioles. Scape 6-7 inches; flower often 1 inch long and broad across the limb, pubescent all over. Anthers linear, near the mouth of the corolla. Ovary very small, conical, acute; style filiform, stigma minute, truncate.—A very remarkable and beautiful species, quite unlike any other. Prare XII. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, calyx; 3, stamen; 4, ovary: all enlarged. 21. P. nEprans, Hook. f.; minuta, dense cxespitosa, puberula, efarinosa, caule repente intricatim ramoso, foliis petiolatis cum petiolo 1-i-polliearibus orbicularibus convexis lobulatis v. grosse dentatis, scapo O, floribus subsolitariis breviter pedicellatis erectis folis multo majoribus, corolle tubo calyce triplo longiore, fauce infundibulari, lobis profunde bifidis.—P. Stracheyi (partim), Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. f. § Thoms. (Tas. XIII. B.) Western Himataya: Bargi-Kang Pass* north of Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom ; Kashmir, Bargila, alt. 14,500 ft., C. B. Clarke. Stem very stout for the size of the plant, horizontal, rooting below and giving off above tufts of leaves and flowers. Leaves with the stout petiole about as long as the blade or longer, margins recurved, lobules or teeth acute or obtuse. Bracts at the base of the pedicel sessile amongst the leaves, rarely on a very short peduncle; pedicel shorter than the calyx. Corolla-tube nearly 4 inch long, limb about as broad, pale purple. Ovary globose, top acute; stigma globose. Fruit not seen.—This inter- esting little species was partly confounded with P. minutissima in the distribution of Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. f. & Thoms. Prate XIII. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 8, bracts and calyces ; 4, part of corolla laid open: all enlarged. 22. P. Hooxeri, Watt; pusilla, dense csspitosa, efarinoss, * In the sheets of the‘ Flora of British India,’ which have now passed through the press, this locality was accidentally omitted. INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 15 folis 4-1-pollicaribus anguste obovato-oblongis v. spathulatis obtusis argute dentatis, dentibus recurvis, costa lata, seapo O v. brevissimo, floribus 1-3 breviter pedicellatis, calyce cupulari v. eampanulato glanduloso, dentibus brevibus latis acutis, coroll: tubo late cylindraceo calyce duplo longiore, lobis rotundatis bre- viter bifidis. Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. f. & Thoms., Prim. no. 25. (Tas. VILI. B.) Sikkim HriMmaríaYa: Lachen, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. Roots of thick fleshy fibres. Leaves dark green, rather fleshy, rarely narrowed into a petiole, teeth often recurved, the outer reduced to oblong fleshy scales with toothed tips. Corolla white, tube about 4 inch long, limb as broad. Ovary globose, top acute; stigma globose. Prare VIII. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, bract; 4, calyx ; 5, part of corolla laid open: all enlarged. 23. P. muscoipes, Hook. f.; minuta, dense ceespitosa, glaberrima, efarinosa, foliis 44,—l5-pollicaribus sessilibus ovato-oblongis con- vexis apicibus grosse dentatis, costa crassa lata, scapo 0, floribus solitariis subsessilibus 2-bracteatis, corolle tubo calyce brevi profunde 5fido duplo longiore cylindraeeo, lobis brevibus. Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. jz. & Thoms., Prim. no. 23. (Tas. IV. D.) SixkiM Himataya: Kankola Pass, alt. 15,000 ft, J. D. Hooker. Much the smallest species of the genus, forming moss-like tufts amongst the roots of creeping alpine plants. It is closely allied to P. Hookeri; but the shape of the leaves is quite different, the flowers very much smaller. Prare IV. D. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaves; 3, bracts and flcwer; 4, calyx: all enlarged. Van. Ptenuiloba. Leaves with short broad petioles; corolla larger, tube longer, slightly hairy, lobes longer, very narrow, cleft into two linear spreading lobes —Sikkim Himalaya, at Yemutong, alt. 14,000 ft. (Herb. Ind. Or., Hook. f. § Thoms., Prim. no. 22). This may prove a different species, but is undoubtedly nearly allied to P. muscoides. Prare XIII. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2,1eaf; 3, bract and calyx; 4, portion of corolla laid open: all enlarged. 24. P. Stirrontana, Watt ; pusilla, dense cespitosa, glanduloso- puberula, efarinosa, foliis 4-pollicaribus obovato-spathulatis ob- € 16 MR. G. WATT ON SOME tusis planis argute dentatis, costa tenui, scapo 0, floribus solita- riis, pedicellis brevibus gracilibus, corolle tubo calyce duplo longiore superne infundibulari, lobis profunde bifidis integris v. crenulatis. (Tas. XIII. D.) SIKKIM HIMALAYA: Kanglanamo Pass, alt. 14,000—16,000 ft., G. Watt. Habit of P. Hookeri; but the leaves are flat and of a very different shape, the calyx has acute teeth, and the corolla-tube is not cylindric. Bracts 0, or very slender and placed on the pedicel. Corolla bright purple, 1-2 inch diam., glabrous. Ovary obovoid, top thickened retuse, stigma capitate. Prats XIII. D. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, scape, bracts, and calyx ; 3, part of corolla laid open; 4, ovary: all enlarged. 2. ANDROSACE, L. 1. A. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Hardwicke (non Wallich, Smith, et De Candolle).— A. incisa, Wall. Cat. 616, et in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Wall. & Carey, ii. 14, excl. obs. “There has been much confusion regarding this plant, through Wallich and Sir James Smith having taken for it the little annual A. saxifragefolia, Bunge, of the tropical plains of Bengal. This is the more extraordinary ; for Hardwicke’s description of his rotundifolia is not only accurate, but distinctive as regards the toothed involucral bracts ; and he further states that it is a native of the highest mountains of Shreenugur, namely of the Kumaon Himalaya, where no one who had gathered A. saxifragafolia in the tropical plains, as Wallich had, would expect that this last should be found."—J. D. H. Var. macrocalyx, Watt; laxe pubescens v. villosa, foliorum lobulis integerrimis v. crenatis, ealycis lobis corollam longe supe- rantibus ovatis v. obovatis argute dentatis.—Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 5000—9500 ft. Van. Stracheyi, Watt; glanduloso-pubescens v. glabrata, scapis petiolisque gracilibus, foliorum lobulis integerrimis v. cre- natis, bracteis elongatis dilatatis apicibus dentatis, calycis lobis corollam longe superantibus ovatis acutis integerrimis.—Gar- whal, alt. 11,000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom; Kunawur, alt. 8000-11,000 ft., Munro 4c. (Taz. XV.) Var. Thomsoni, Watt; parvula, glanduloso-puberula, scapis petiolisque gracilibus, foliis parvis lobulis argute dentatis, floribus parvis, corolla calycem excedente.— Western Tibet: Dras river, INDIAN SPECIES OF PRIMULA AND ANDROSACE. 17 Thomson ; Iskardo and Barji-la, alt. 9000-10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. This is a dry-country form. (Prare XVII. B.) PraTE XV. A. rotundifolia var. Stracheyi. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, corolla, 3, calyx and capsule: both enlarged. Prats XVII. B, A. rotundifolia, var. Thomsoni. Fig.1, plant; 2, leaf, both nat. size. 3, bract; 4, calyx; 5, part of corolla laid open; 6, ovary; 7, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. 2. A. GERANIIFOLIA, Watt; perennis, stolonifera, laxe villosa, pilis patentibus, foliis rotundato-cordatis 7-lobis, lobis 3-lobulatis, petiolo elongato, bracteis setaceis integerrimis, corolla calycem parvulum excedente. (Tas. XVI.) Kumaon, at Dwali, alt. 8200 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom ; Sikkim, in damp woods, Lachen, alt. 9000-10,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. A much larger and more flaccid plant than A. rotundifolia, dif- fering also in having stolons; but possibly a woodland form of that species. Prare XVI. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, bract; 3, flower; 4, ovary ; 5, calyx and capsule: all enlarged. 3. A. Cnorrir, Watt; pusilla, perennis, stolonifera, foliis re- niformi-rotundatis grosse crenatis v. lobulatis lobulis 1-3-erenu- latis, scapo paucifloro petiolis squilongo, bracteis lanceolatis obtusiusculis, pedicellis brevibus calycibusque velutino-tomentosis, calycis lobis obtusis, corolla parva calycem non excedente, lobis obovatis retusis. (Tas. XIV. B.) SIKKIM HIMALAYA: Singalelah, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft., Watt. Whole plant when dry more or less rufous, with dense close- set bright red-brown spreading hairs on the petioles and scape. Rootstock short, creeping. Leaves 1 to 13 inch long, blade 1—4 inch diam., hairy on both surfaces. Flowers i inch diam. Corolla apparently purple.—This belongs to the same section of the genus as P. rotundifolia and geraniifolia. PrarE XIV. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, calyx; 3, part of corolla laid open; 4, ovary: all enlarged. 4. A. CnaAMJEJASME, Host. Var. coronata, Watt; dense czspitosa, foliis arcte imbricatis lineari-oblongis obtusis villosis, scapo glanduloso, corolle ore annulo prominulo cincto.— Western Tibet, alt. 16,000—17,000 ft., H. Strachey, Henderson. Tas. XVIL A. Prats XVII. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, bract; 4, calyx ; 5, corolla; 6, ovary : all enlarged. LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XX. c 18 MR. G. WATT ON SOME INDIAN PRIMULACEEXE. 5. A. MUSCOIDEA, Duby in DC. Prodr. vii. p. 48; villosa laxe cespitosa, surculosa, foliis in globos interruptos dense imbri- catis linearibus oblongisve obtusis incurvis, scapo brevi unifloro, ealycis lobis subacutis, corollze lobis obovatis apicibus rotundatis. (Tas. XVIII. B.) Kasumir, Jacquemont, Falconer. Forming loose patches 6-10 inches broad; branches and stolons 6-8 inches long, procumbent and ascending, clothed with subglo- bose tufts the size of a pea of imbricating leaves. Flowers nume- rous, jy inch diam. ; pedicels ~4-y'5 inch. Prate XVIII. B. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2, leaf; 3, calyx; 4, part of corolla laid open; 5, ovary; 6, calyx and capsule : all enlarged. 6. A. SELAGO, Hook. f. § Thoms. in Herb.; densissime ctespi- tosa, sericeo-villosa, ramis ramulisque condensatis apicibus obtu- sis, foliis minutis interruptis v. per totam longitudinem ramulorum dense imbrieatis lineari-oblongis cuneato-obovatis obtusis supra medium coriaceis inferne membranaceis supremis incurvis, scapis 1-2-floris bracteisque villosis, calycis lobis oblongis obtusis, corolle lobis obovato-oblongis. (Tas. XVIII. A.) Srxxim Himataya: in the Tibetan region and north of it, alt. 15,000-18,000 ft., J. D. Hooker. A singular species, forming hemispherical hard cushions in the arid cold Tibetan regions. Root woody; tips of the branches silvery. Leaves jh—45 inch. Scape slender, 4!j inch; bracts as long as the flowers. Calyx hemispheric, enclosing the capsule. Prats XVIII. A. fig. 1, plant, nat. size. 2 & 3, leaves ; 4, bract and calyx ; 5, flower ; 6, ovary : all enlarged. ON THE ORIGIN OF CASSIA LIGNEA. 19 Note the Origin of Cassia lignea. By W. T. TuürsELTON Dyrt, M.A., F.R.S., Assistant Director Royal Gardens, Kew. [Read November 16, 1882.] Tux Spice now known in pharmaceutical literature under the name of Cassia lignea has, from time immemorial, been an article of trade from South China. Flückiger and Hanbury are indeed of opinion that it was the Cinnamon of the ancients, what now bears the name being peculiar to Ceylon and unnoticed as a pro- duct of the island till the 13th century*. Cinnamon and Cassia are, however, enumerated amongst the products of the East from the earliest periods; and the former was known to the Arabians and Persians as Darchini (dar, wood or bark, and chini, Chinese). It seems in ancient times to have been carried by Chinese traders to the Malabar coast, where it passed into the commerce of the Red Sea. In this way the statements of Dioscorides, Ptolemy, and others are accounted for, who speak of Cinnamon as a product of Arabia and Eastern Africa, countries in which there is no rea- son to suppose it ever grew. At the present day it is still an important item in Chinese commerce. I find, from the Statistical Returns of the Chinese Imperial Customs (for copies of which Kew is indebted to Sir Robert Hart), that the export from China for the last two years stands as follows t:— Quantity. Value: 1880...... 98,784 piculs, 225,092 Haikwan taels. IBS: ..... 57,450 ,, 300,303 » 1 picul=1333 lb.; 1 Haikwan tael- 5s. 61d. With regard to the botanical source of Cassia lignea, it is re- markable, considering its ancient history and its present import- ance in trade, that up to the present time nothing certain has been ascertained. Flückiger and Hanbury remark :—' Although it is customary to refer it without hesitation to a tree named Cinnamomum Cassia, we find no warrant for such reference: no competent observer has visited and described the Cassia-yielding districts of China proper, and brought therefrom the specimens requisite for ascertaining the botanical origin of the bark " t. Bentley and Trimen also remark, in their * Medicinal Plants '$, * Pharmacographia, pp. 520, 521. t Returns of Trade at the Treaty Ports for the year 1881, p. 10. tł Pharmacographia, p. 528. $ Vol. iii. sub tab. 223. 20 MR. THISELTON DYER ON THE “Though it is probable that this species (Cinnamomum Cassia) affords Chinese Cassia, the fact has never been proved." Tn the face of the uncertainty felt by these authorities, it ap- peared to be desirable to have the point, if possible, cleared up. The attention ofthe Colonial Office was accordingly drawn to the matter, November 18, 1881; and it was suggested that Mr. Charles Ford, Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department, Hong Kong, might be allowed, with the consent of his Government, to proceed to the Cassia-plantations on the West River for the purpose of reporting on the cultivation and collec- tion of Cassia lignea, as well as of bringing back for distribution from the Hong-Kong Botanie Garden living and dried botanical specimens of the authentic plant. Lord Kimberley was so good as to approve of the proposal; and in the month of May last Mr. Ford accordingly started for the Cassia districts of the West River, the Sai Kong. He completely succeeded in the object of the expedition, and described his journey and its results in a Report to the Hong-Kong Government, August 9. This Report has been printed as a Government Notification (No. 339); but as in that form its circulation will necessarily be very limited, I think the facts deserve the wider circulation which will be afforded by the Society's Journal. Mr. Ford's journey was timed so that he might be in the dis- tricts at the season when the trees were flowering. This enabled him to obtain authentie specimens for their botanical identifica- tion, and also to witness the operation of obtaining and preparing the bark. Mr. Ford gives the following account of the geographieal position and extent of the Cassia districts :— * There are three chief districts where the Cassia is cultivated, viz. :— Taiwu, in lat. 23° 34' N., and long. 110? 18' E, in the Kwangsi province; Lukpo, in lat. 23? 6' N., and long. 112? 24 E. ; and Loting, in lat. 22? 52' N., and long. 111? 8' E., both in the Kwangtung province. These are the market-towns of the district ; but the Cassia is cultivated over a large area of country stretch- ing to considerable distances from the towns, the extent of which could not be ascertained owing to the unreliable accounts given by the different people questioned, who either had very vague notions of area, or were disinclined, as they usually are, to give information to foreigners. “ Taiwu is about four or five miles from the West River, and is ORIGIN OF CASSIA LIGNEA. 21 reached by a pleasant walk leading over a plain; but the nearest Cassia-plantations are situated twenty-five or thirty miles further in à southern or south-westerly direction, to which there is no communication by river. Taiwu is about 180 miles west of Canton. The Taiwu people said that the area of cultivation was not increasing *. “ The next most important, if not the most important (or at least tending in that direction) district is the Loting one, commencing at about eight or ten miles distant from the city of Loting. After leaving the West River about eighty miles of the Loting River— the Nam Kong--has to be traversed before reaching the city, and from there the distance to the plantations has to be accom- plished overland. One of the largest cultivators said that in this district there were about 1,000,000 maus (about 52,600 English acres) under cultivation, and that the area was greatly extending every year. The cultivation of Cassia has been carried on here for only about twenty-five years, i. e. since the Tai-Ping rebellion, at which time, for the preservation of the plants and protection of them from destruction by the rebels, they were transferred from a district further south, at which it is reported the cultivation of Cassia was abandoned when it was commenced at Loting. “The next district is that of Lukpo, which is much less impor- tant than the other two. The city of Lukpo is situated on the northern bank of the West River; and the plantations are situ- ated at about 15 miles between the nearest one and the city. “In addition to these places there are several small localities near the West River at intermediate places, where small patches of Cassia are grown ; and as the quantities of bark obtained are too small to send to market towns, it is brought off by small boats and sold to larger boats which carry produce down the river. “ About six miles south-west of the small town of To Shing, which is situated on the southern bank of the river about 25 miles above the confluence of the Loting and West rivers, there are some plantations, from which, however, no bark has been obtained for two years and no new plantations made for ten, because the low prices which can now be obtained for the bark do not.leave any profit to the producers. This was the only * “Near the town of Taiwu, according to Mr. Moss (Narrative of an Explora- tion of the West River, 1870), the best Cassia-bark is produced " (Bretschneider, * Early European Researches into the Flora of China,’ p. 13). 22 MR. THISELTON DYER ON THE instance which came to my knowledge of the decrease of the trade in the Cassia-production, although it is said that the Java Cassia trade, in consequence of the lower prices at which the Cassia can there be produced, is cutting out and crippling the China trade." From each of the districts of Taiwu, Lukpo, and Loting, Mr. Ford obtained and sent to Kew copious and excellent specimens. These have been examined by my colleague Professor Oliver, who informs me that they certainly all belong to the same species, and that this is undoubtedly Cinnamomum Cassia, Blume. Mr. Ford took great pains to ascertain if this was the exclusive source of Cassia lignea. He reports :— * This is the only tree from which Cassia-bark, ‘ buds,’ or leaves of commerce in China, so far as could be ascertained from per- sonal inspection and reports, are obtained. Al the trees seen 1n the districts of Taiwu, Loting, and Lukpo, and intermediate loca- lities where Cassia was grown in smaller quantities, were of this species, nor were there, apparently, distinct varieties of the species in cultivation. The cultivators and other natives were much interrogated as to whether they knew or had heard of any other tree which yielded the products under notice, and the invariable reply was that there was no other kind. There is therefore, I think, no doubt but writers who have named other kinds as Cassia-yielding trees of China have been mistaken or misinformed on the subject. One writer alludes to a tree in terms which partly correspond to the description of Machilus velutina, Champ., another tree belonging to Lauraces, and in- digenous to South China. It is quite possible that this tree may have been supposed by a casual observer to yield cassia-bark, because it is sometimes grown in plantations intermixed with those of Cinnamomum Cassia. The trees are reared, planted, and treated in precisely the same manner as the Cassia trees; but the bark is required for a very different use, viz. to supply a glu- tinous extract which is used to stick together powdered Cassia- bark and sandal-wood (Santalum album) to form the joss-sticks used for incense. Cinnamomum Burmanni, Bl., which it has been supposed may probably yield * in part the Cassia-bark of the Canton market, does not, I feel sure, supply Cassia-bark to any extent. I did not see it anywhere cultivated ; nor was it seen growing wild in any but very small quantities, and these wild trees bore no signs of having been cut as had the Cassia ORIGIN OF CASSIA LIGNEA. 23 trees: many natives were asked if it was ever used; but, with one exception, all denied that it afforded any Cassia-bark. The one exception was an old woman, who was cultivating a field of Indian corn close to a few small trees of Cinnamomum Bur- mannt, and who said that its bark was sometimes, but rarely, used to adulterate the true Cassia-bark." Mr. Ford on his return journey paid a visit to the well-known Chinese botanist, Dr. Hance, H.M. Vice-Consul at Whampoa, who identified the specimens of the Cassia lignea tree collected by Mr. Ford as belonging to Cinnamomum Cassia. There is, in fact, in the Kew Herbarium a specimen of the same species col- lected by Dr. Hance in 1876; but I have searched in vain to see if Dr. Hance has published any thing about it, and the speci- men bears no note that it is the source of Cassia lignea. This specimen is the material upon which the plate given by Bentley and Trimen is based, and represents no doubt the true plant. Cinnamomum Cassia was first described by Blume in 1825 *. The species was apparently founded on cultivated specimens from Java, where Blume states it was “ ex China introductum." The Kew Herbarium possesses a cultivated Java specimen con- tributed by the Leyden Herbarium. This is no doubt an authentic type of the plant described by Blume; and Professor Oliver finds that it agrees precisely with the plant collected by Mr. Ford on the West River. lt may be therefore considered finally settled, on the one hand, that the Chinese Cassia lignea plant is really the Cinnamomum Cassia, Blume, and, on the other hand, that the plant cultivated in Java is identical with that now known to be the source of the spice in China. It is remarkable that though the cultivation of the Cassia lignea iree has apparently been carried on in Southern China from time immemorial it does not appear to be indigenous there f. In Cochin-China, however, there appears to be some probability of its being really wild. Cinnamomum Cassia is, botanically, very closely allied to C. obtusifolium, Nees, one of the species from which a similar product is obtained on the Khasia hills. It only remains to give Mr. Ford's account of the mode of collecting and preparing the bark. He obtained and sent to this * ‘ Bijdragen Fl. Nederl. Indië,’ ii. p. 570. t The earliest printed notice in works professing to give botanical informa- tion about China appears to be in Martini's ‘ Atlas Sinensis’(1655). See Bret- schneider's ‘ Early European Researches into the Flora of China,’ p. 13. 24 ON THE ORIGIN OF CASSIA LIGNEA. country a set of the implements, which are deposited in the Kew Museum. * Bark.—When the trees are about six years old, the first cut of bark is obtained. The season for barking commences in March and continues until the end of May, after which the natives say the bark loses its aroma, and is therefore not removed from the trees. The branches, which are about an inch thick, being cut to within a few inches of the ground, are carried to houses or sheds in the vicinity of the plantations. All the small twigs and leaves being cleared off, a large-bladed knife, with the cutting- edge something like the end of a budding knife, is used to make two longitudinal slits and three or four incisions, at sixteen inches apart, round the circumference through the bark; the bark is then loosened by passing underneath it a kind of slightly curved horn knife with the two edges slightly sharpened. Pieces of bark sixteen inches long and half the circumference are thus obtained. “The bark, after its removal and while it is still moist with sap, is then laid with the concave side downwards, and a small plane passed over it, and the epidermis removed. After this operation the bark is left to dry for about twenty-four hours, and then tied up in bundles about eighteen inches in diameter, and sent into the merchants' houses in the market-towns. * Leaves.—The leaves which are cleared from the branches that are barked are carefully preserved and dried, and afford by distillation Cassia oil. A large quantity of leaves are sent to Canton, where I was told the operation of distilling is performed. “ Twigs—These are removed from the cut branches at the same time as when the leaves are obtained. They are a market- able commodity for native uses. * Buds.—Cassia-buds are the immature fruits. They are gathered when about one-eighth grown. Buds, and the seeds which are annually required for sowing, are obtained from trees ten years and upwards of age that are left standing at about fifty and a hundred feet apart amongst the trees which are cut down every six years for their bark. These seed-bearing trees are not cut, unless there is a demand for the very thick bark on their trunks, when some of the trees which can be conveniently spared are sacrificed." ON THE PASSIFLOREZE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 25 On the Passiflorez collected by M. Edouard André iy Ecuador and New Granada. By MaxwzriL T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. [Read November 16, 1882.] (Puates XIX. & XX.) Tue following notes comprise a descriptive list of the Passifloress gathered by M. André in his remarkable journey in Ecuador and New Granada, in 1875 and 1876, and specimens of which have been kindly placed in my hands for determination. Owing to the intrinsic complexity of floral organization, and more especially to the defective nature of herbarium specimens, any fresh accession of well dried examples of this group is more than usually welcome. M. André’s specimens are generally excellent; they are accom- panied by descriptive notes taken on the spot, and often by careful analytical drawings. By the aid of these notes I have been enabled to determine almost all the plants collected by M. André, to indicate certain species as new, as well as to supplement and correct, in some cases, what I have previously written concerning the plants of this order. In enumerating the species I have followed the order adopted in my monograph of the Order in Martius and Eichler's ‘ Flora Brasiliensis,’ vol. xiii. pars 1, published in March 1872, and which I have cited throughout. Ihave also availed myself of the mono- graph of New-Granadan species published by MM. Triana and Planchon in the * Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 5me sér. tome xvii. (1873), pp. 121 e£ seg. Although issued subsequently to the part of the ‘Flora Brasiliensis, it is most probable that the monograph of MM. Triana and Planchon was completed some time before; for they refer constantly to my “ Contributions to the Natural History of the Passifloracezs," published in the Trans- actions of this Society, vol. xxvii. p. 593 (1871). In that paper the species were only indicated by name, without descriptions or illustrations. It hence became incumbent on me in a few instances to furnish further explanations ; and this I have already done (in the case of species cultivated in Europe) in the * Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society,’ 1872, vol. iv. pp. 125 e£ seq., and also, where occasion demanded it, in the present memoir under the head of particular species. LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XX. D 26 pR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE For the most part I have cited the notes as to conformation and locality furnished by M. André in his own words; but, although I have freely utilized M. André's observations, I trust I have done so in such a way as to exempt him from any short- comings on my own part. Tacsonia, Juss. 1. T. PiNNATISTIPULA, Juss., Mast. l. c. p. 537 —Passiflora pin- natistipula, Cav., Triana & Planchon, l. c. 140. “Sabana de Bogotá prope Fontibén, Nov. Granata, ali. 2576 met. Flores rosei, corone radii coerulescent., fructus sub- spheric. maturit. flavesc. edulis. Nom. vernac. ‘Chulupita.’ Ed. André 1282.” This is a southern species, occurring in Bolivia (Weddell!) and Chile (Miers!). Near Bogota it is cultivated for its edible fruit. 2. T. FLEXIPES, Mast.—Passiflora (§ Poggendorffia) flexipes, Triana & Planchon, l. c. 142. Forma foliis integris ovato-lanceolatis vel trilobatis, hetero- phyllis. * Mediacion in decliv. orient. montis Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. 2300 met.: heterophylla; flores pallide rosei. Ed. André n. 2093." 3. T. JamMesoni, Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 537. * In decliv. occident. montis ignivom. Pichincha, Ecuador, altit. ad 3700 met.: flores pulchre rosei, colore extus intensiore. Ed. André sine numero." 4. T. Manpon1, Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 538. * Quebrada Comocruz in decliv. occid. montis Corazon, Ecua- dor, alt. 2400 met.—Fol. reticulatis supra corrugatis plus minus tomentos. ; cirris et petiolis (20 cm. long.) violaceis ; bracteis lete viridibus; floris tubo cylindrato sulcato pallide lutescente, lobis externis extus salmoneis intus lilacinis, internis pulchre roseo- violaceis; ovario pubescente, stigmatibus hemisphzericis ; antheris oblongis. Ed. André n. 3654.” 5. T. (S RATHEA) FLORIBUNDA, Mast. l. c.—Rathea floribunda, Karst. Flor. Columb. Ic. Select. t. 38. Var. MAJOR, Mast. et André, omnia ut in typo, sed flores fere duplo majores. Vide tab. XIX. “In decliv. occid. montis ignivom. Corazon, Andium Quiten- sium, Ecuador, circa 2500 met. Ed. André n. 3679.” PASSIFLOREJE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 27 This is a very remarkable species, having orauge-coloured and yellow, tubular funnel-shaped flowers, the petals arising, not from the top of the flower-tube as usual, but from near the centre as in some species of Modecca or of Wormskioldia. The present plant does not appear to differ from that described and figured by Karsten, except in the much larger flowers. Until further researches prove whether or not there are more forms with the same peculiarity,it seems better to consider M. André's plant as a variety rather than as a separate species. Except in the peculiar origin of the petals, the plants do not differ in any way from Tacsonia; and hence it seems preferable for the present to keep Karsten's name as the indication of a section only and not as that of a separate genus. T. floribunda and its variety differ from the T. bracteosa, Planch. & Lind. J. c. p. 137, in the fact of the petals originating from the centre of the tube, not from the upper part. The last-named plant is made the type of a distinct section (§ Zacsoniopsis), and distinguished by the limb of the calyx (“ saltem quod sic perpe- ram dicitur ") being 5-fid, not 5-partite, and by the petals being exserted, ‘‘ bien au-dessus de la gorge du calyce, c'est-à-dire sur la portion dilatée du limbe, laquelle est simplement 5-fide, au lieu d'étre 5-partite." The “insertion,” or, more strictly speaking, the “ exsertion," of the petals in these plants, then, takes place (1) at the throat of the flower-tube, the most usual place ; (2) above it, as in T. bracteosa; (3) below it, as in T. floribunda. Owing to the scarcity or imperfect condition of the flowers of some species in herbaria, it is not possible to subject them to complete examination; but when better material becomes acces- sible, it is probable that other species will be found to possess the same peculiarity as T. floribunda. As M. André’s specimens of the last-named plant are excep- tionally good, I append a full description as follows :— Scandens, cirratus, glaber. Rami angulati. Folia 8-9 cm. long., 10 em. lat. Petiolus 1-3 em., gracilis, glandulis 2-3 sessilibus onustus, Stipule lineari-lanceolate acuminate glanduloso-serrate. Laminz foliorum suborbiculares, basi rotundate, fere ad basin 3-5- secte, segmentis lanceolatis apiculatis serrulatis, medio paulo lon- giore et ad basinangustato; nervi subtus prominentes, nervi secun- darii remotiusculi. Peduneuli teretes, 1-flori, 8-10 cm. longi. Bractes 4 cm. long., 2 cm. lat., foliacez, oblongo-lanceolatz, serru- late, acute. Flores ad 12-13 cm. longi [basi aurantiaci, apice lutei, D 2 28 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE intus pallidiores, E. 4.]. Floris tubus glaber, cylindrato-infundi- buliformis. Sepala 5, late oblonga, obtusa, tubo triplo breviora. Petala 5 oblonga, e medio floris tubi enascentia, e fauce breviter protrudentia, lobis ealycinis parum breviora. Corona faucialis abest. Corona basilaris membranacea, parva, deflexa, basin gynan- drophori eingens. Gynandrophorum elongatum, gracile, sulcato- angulatum, floris tubum æquans, demum exsertum. Filamenta linearia, e gynandrophoro versus apicem emergentia. Anthers oblonge obtuse. Ovarium supra filamentorum exsertionem longe stipitatum, ellipticum, pubescens, stylis 3 clavato-filiformi- bus superatum. Stigmata 3, majuscula reniformi-capitata. 6. T. MANICATA, Juss., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 539.—Passi- flora manicata, Persoon, H. B. K., ex Triana & Planchon, l.c. 139.—T. ignea, hort. * Machin in monte Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. cire. 2500 met., Ed. André n. 2114; Quindio in temperatis, Ed. André n. 1241 bis; prope Pasto in Nov. Granat. meridionali alt. 2700 met., in sepibus frequens—flores vividé-scarlatini, corona coerulea, Ed. André sine numero; San José ad ped. montis Chimborazo, Ecuador, Aya purupuru incolarum, Hd. André sine numero; Ibarra, Ecuador—fiores pulchre coccinei, corona coerulea, frutex dumosus sarmentosus, Ed. André absque numero." This species is one of those that extends southwards into Chile, having à wider range of distribution than most of its allies. 7. T. u1xT4, Juss., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 542, et in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. (1872) vol. iv. p. 126. Subspec. NORMALIS, Mast. l. c. ; caule subangulato, foliis, in- voluero urceolato vel serius campanulato (extus) forisque tubo fere omnino glabris. P. Tacso, Cav., P. longiflora, Lam., ex spec. authent. J uss. in Mus. Paris. aasoivatidt “Tn decliv. occid. mont. ignivom. Corazon, Ecuador, alt. 2500- 2000 met.: flor. pallide rosei; corona rudimentaria ccerulescens. Ed. André sine numero. Prope Ipiales (Cauca), Nov. Granat., alt. 3100 met. Ed. André sine numero.” Var. QUITENSIS, Mast. l.c.—T. quitensis, Benth.—P. tomen- tosa, Triana & Planchon, l. c., an vere Lam. ? Caule subangulato ; petiolis, involucro urceolato (extus) floris- que tubo puberulis ; foliis superne glabris, deorsum densiuscule pubescentibus. “ La Ceja in decliv. orient. montis Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. PASSIFLOREE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 29 3200 met.: flor. intus pallide rosei, extus virides. Ed. André n. 2187." Var. BICORONATA.—Tacsonia bicoronata, Mast. in Fl. Brasil. l. c. 541. “ Tuza, Ecuador, alt. circ. 2800 met.: flor. pallide rosei ; fructus oblongus edulis magnitudine ovi anserini. .Ed. André sine nu- mero.— Folia lete viridia nitida ; bracteæ virides nervis pallidio- ribus; floris tubus viridescens, lobi exterior. extus viridescent. intus rosei, lobi interior. pulchre rosei; annulus centralis cocci- neus; corona intense violacea radiis apice albis obtusis; sta- mina aurata; stigma superne viride. Ed. André. Curubita del Indio." Owing to the presence of a double faucial corona in this plant, I separated it as a distinct species from T. mixta; but MM. Triana and Planchon are probably correct in referring it to T. mixta, of which, however, it may form a variety. In the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis’ and elsewhere I have included 7. speciosa, H. B. K., under T. mixta as a variety ; and Triana and Planchon also rank Humboldt & Bonpland's speciosa as synony- mous with T. mixta; but the terete stems and less-divided leaves are reasons why it might preferably be ranked with T. mollissima, or in close alliance to it. 8. T. HEDERACEA, Mast. & André, sp. n.: caule angulato; foliis coriaceis glaberrimis orbiculato-3-lobis recurvo-serratis ; involucro cylindrato tubulato extus glabro, intus tomentoso ; floris tubo glabro, sepalis oblongis apiculatis ; petalis obovato-oblongis ; corona fauciali e processibus obtusis dentiformibus constante; ovario elliptico pubescente. Folia 33 em. long., 4 em. lat.; lobi late ovati, medio longiore. Petioli 13 cm., glandulis parvis 1-3 circa apicem. Pedunculi quam petioli duplo longiores. Involucrum 33 cm. Floris tubus 10 em., limbus diametro 8cm. Fructus immaturus 5-6 cm. long., glabrescens, elliptieus. “In decliv. occid. Andium squatoriensium prope Juantu.— Flores obscure ecruleo-violasc., stylus violac.,stigma virid., anther. luteæ ; corone glandule albze, basi nigrescentes. Forma foliorum, habitu, floris coroneque colore distinctissima.” Ed. André n. 4012. Paramo O. de Guaranda, in decliv. occident. montis Chimborazo, Ecuador, alt. 2800 met.: flores violacei, n. 4012, spec. fructif."— In silvis prope Pasto, Jameson n. 420! in herb. Mus. Brit. 30 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE 9. T. voruissiMA, H. B. K., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 541, et in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. iv. (1872), p. 125.—T. tomen- tosa, var. B. mollissima, Triana & Planchon, l. c. 131. T. caule tereti tomentoso; foliis tripartitis v. trisectis utrinque pubescentibus vel superne glabrescentibus; involuero brevi pu- berulo, szepius inzqualiter trifido vel trisecto, segmentis nonnun- quam margine eversis ; floris tubo sepius glabro, raro puberulo. * Fontibon prope Bogota, Nov. Granat., alt. 2576 met.—Flos rubro-scarlat., fructus ovoideus edulis. Vernacule “ Chulupa." Ed. André n. 1287." : MM. Triana and Planchon refer this to P. tomentosa of Lamarck, the T. tomentosa of Jussieu, which they further cite as synonymous with the P. tomentosa of Cavaniiles, the latter being rather referable to P. mixta. Thetrue T. tomentosa of Jussieu is a native of Peru, and, like T. mollissima, has terete stems; but the leaves are more nearly orbicular in outline, and less deeply divided, the central lobe not being greatly, if at all, longer than the lateral ones; moreover the flower-tube is downy. For the present, then, it seems preferable to retain the Peruvian T. tomentosa as distinct from the more northern 7. mollissima. T. speciosa, H. B. K., although previously referred by me to T. mista as a variety, and considered synonymous with that species by Triana and Planchon, is probably better referred to T. mollissima, of which it has the terete stems and the relatively more divided leaves. The species are, however, so variable and so difficult to define in the herbarium, that there are abundant grounds for dif- ferences of opinion. In all probability the species intercross freely in their native country. PASSIFLORA. 1. P. ARBOREA, Spreng., Masters in Fl. Bras. l. c., in Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 1070, et in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1872, vol. iv. p. 128. — P. glauca, Humb. et Bonpl.!; Triana & Planchon, l. c. p. 181, nec Solander in Aiton. * Quebrada de Armada, alt. 994 met. et inter Altaquer et Paramo, alt. 1050 met., in Andibus meridion. Nov. Granat. Ed. André 3352.” a This is no doubt the plant called by Humboldtand Bonpland P. glauca; but Aiton's, or rather Solander's P. g/auca dates from 1789. Of this latter the type specimen exists in the Banksian herbarium. It corresponds with Jacquin’s figure, and has nothing PASSIFLOREZ OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 31 to do with Humboldt’s plant. Nor is it the same as A. P. De Candolle, Triana, Planchon, and others have assumed as the P. stipulata of Aublet. Specimens from v. Rohr in the Britis Museum correspond exactly with Aublet's figure, as also, but less closely, does a specimen of Dr. Haucock's from Demerara and contained in the Kew herbarium. 2. P. MACROPHYLLA, sp. n. (§ Astrophea), Mast. ex Spruce in herb.—P. arborea, Spreng., Mast. l. c. pro parte. Arborea ecirrosa ; foliis amplissimis usque ad 75 em. longis et ultra, glaberrimis, cordato-subpeltatis, versus basin eglandulosis vel glandulis paucis preeditis, ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, petiolo crasso 33 em. ; cymis peduneulatis dichotomis, pedunculis petiolo multo longioribus; floribus diametro 6-73 cm., tubo elongato (12 mm. et ultra) eylindrato glabro basi haud intruso; sepalis oblongis obtusis subcoriaceis tubo duplo longioribus; petalis con- formibus tenuioribus brevioribus albidis; coronsz faucialis bise- rialis filis. extimis liguliformibus tenuibus quam petala parum brevioribus, filis intimis brevissimis carnosulis oblongis sursum flexis; corona media e tubo versus basin emergente tubulato- membranacea, apice in filas breves erectas divisa ; urceolo tubi infra coronam membranaceam crasso albido. In Peruvia? Spruce n. 6144!; Rio San Antonio in viciniis montis Chimborazo, Ecuador, Spruce n. 6203 !—“ Peripa secus Rio Daule, Ecuador: arbor 3-4 met. alt. ramis depauperatis, flor. extus albis intus flavis (fl. Julio). Hd. André n. 4227." In the ‘Flora Brasiliensis’? I have treated this as a form of P. arborea. M. André's specimens, however, having afforded ample means of examining the flowers, I am disposed to consider the present, as Spruce also did, a distinct species, and to adopt the characteristic name indicated by that traveller. In addition to the relatively gigantic leaves, the present species differs from its allies in its longer peduncles, larger flowers, the tube of which is nearly cylindrical, in the long, flat, thin faucial coronal threads (not thickened and hatchet-shaped as in P. ar- borea), in the longer membranous corona, the thickened urceolus, and the slender gynophore. 3. P. sPHJEROCARPA, Triana § Planchon, l. c. 184. Var. PILOSULA ; novellis foliisque subtus puberulis. * Prope Piedras, Nov. Granat., alt. 378 met.: frutex 2-4 met. secus ripas tributariorum fluminis Magdalenz, presertim amnis 82 DER. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE dicti Rio Chipalo obvius. Flores candidi iis Ctr? Aurantit sub- similes. Hd. André n. 1945. Guataquicito, ad rip. sinist. flum. Magdalene Nov. Granat., alt. 360 met.—Arbuscula 4-5 met. alt., rami ascendentes in capite frondoso congesti ; flor. candidi, sta- minib. luteis, stigmat. viridib. ; fruct. oblong. minor edulis. Ver- nacule “ Gulupo." Hd. André 1945.” In the subgenus Astrophea, Messrs. Triana and Planchon include P. Lindeniana, Planch. MSS., P. ocanensis, Planch. & Lind., P. spherocarpa, Triana & Planch., and P. pubera, Planch. & Lind., specimens of the two first of which I had referred to P. emar- ginata, Humb. & Bonpland, and examples of the two latter to P. ovata, Martin. Without fuller examination than I am at present able to make, I can offer no opinion as to the validity of these species. The type of P. ovata, Martin, is in the British Museum; but it is not in a state to permit of examining the flower except superficially. In any easeit differs greatly from the plant described by Triana and Planchon, J. c. p. 184 adnot., from a specimen of Melinon n. 210 in the Paris herbarium, but which I have not seen. From the description, however, I take this to be the same species as was gathered on the Corembyne river by Mr. Im Thurn, and of which I append a description *. As to M. André's specimens above referred to, I cannot iden- tify them with certainty with either of the forms described by MM. Triana and Planchon. M. André, indeed, who has com- pared them with authentic specimens in the Paris herbarium, refers them to P. spherocarpa; but that is described (l. c.) as being *glaberrima," and as having leaves glaucous beneath. Moreover, the fruit is described, probably by inadvertence, as “capsula.” M. André's plants are, in some respects, like the specimens referred to P. pubera; but they have smaller, much less pubescent leaves, representing, perbaps, the form spoken of (p. 185) as having “feuilles moins pubescentes ou presque * P. EuINULA, Mast., sp. n. (8 Granadilla); foliis breve petiolatis, petiolis striatis apice biglandulosis, laminis puberulis obovato-oblongis cordatis acutis; floris (8-9 cm. diam.) tubo (1 cm.) glabro campanulato; sepalis coriaceis oblongo- obtusis; petalis subconformibus minoribus albidis; corona fauciali filamentosa pluriseriata, filis extimis petalis subzequilongis, basi a latere complanatis, superne 2-3-lob., lobis obtusis crassis crispatis, lobo terminali longe producto filiformi tuberculis minimis dense obsito ; filis interioribus simplicibus sensim minoribus ; corona media membranacea e medio tubi deflexa ; corona inframediana carno- sula; gynandrophoro angulato, Supra basin dilatato ; ovario cuboideo, sulcato, pubescente.— Ad flumen Corembyne, Im Thurn in herb. Kew. Vide tab. XX. PASSIFLOREZ OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 33 glabres en dessous. M. André’s plants, however, are nearly glabrous above and pilosiusculous below, but not at all glaucous. The following deseription applies to M. André's plant, which I here consider a pilosulous form of P. spherocarpa :—“Arborea vel fruticosa, novellis, foliorum pagina inferiore, sepalis (extus) ovarioque puberulis. Petioli 1 cm. Folia subcoriacea, oblonga, obtusa, emarginata, basi rotundata ibique glandula ocellata utro- que latere przdita. Inflorescentia paniculatim cymosa foliorum, casu aphylla, erecta. Pedunculi breves. Alabastra claviformia. Flores expansi 4 cm. diam. Tubus campanulatus pilosulus. Sepala oblonga obtusa ecorniculata, intus albida. Petala albida conformia, tenuiora, paulo breviora. Corona extima faucialis e filis arcuatis superne clavato-dilatatis vel dolabriformibus con- stans, fila interiora multo breviora erecta apice vix dilatata; corona media membranacea e tubo versus medium assurgens, basi tubulata, integra vel 2-3-partita, superne denticulata denticulis aliis erectis aliis inflexis. Ovarium cuboideum, sulcatum ; styli puberuli. As specimens of the true P. ovata of Martin do not, so far as I am aware, exist in any other herbarium but that of the British Museum, it may be well to give here some of its characteristics, complete description being impossible owing to the condition of the specimens. P. ovata, Martin. Arbor? vel arbuscula? ecirrosa P vel cirris paucis predita. Rami subangulati, tomento rufo vestiti. Folia circa 10 cm. longa, 5 cm. lata, coriacea, glabra, oblonga, obtusa. Petioli graciles, 3 cm., apice glandulis sessilibus prediti. Sti- pule.... Cirri quandoque deficientes? simplices. Pedunculi supraaxillares, petiolos subequantes, superne bifurcati. Bracteæ .... Flos 3 em. diam. campanulatus ; tubus brevis, glaber. Sepala glabra, oblonga, obtusa, ecorniculata. Petala conformia, sepalis breviora. Corona faucialis filamentosa, filis externis ligu- liformibus superne dilatatis quam petala parum brevioribus, filis interioribus brevioribus, corona membranacea e tubo versus medium assurgens .... Gynandrophorum glabrum. Ovarium cuboideum, suleatum, puberulum, stylis 3 subulatis ad angulos superatum ; stigmata (pro genere) parva... . Cet. desunt. It is clear from this that the plant has nothing to do with that mentioned by MM. Triana and Planchon. From its general appearance, and from what can be distinguished as to the corona, and especially from tbe form of the ovary and styles, I 34 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE believe P. ovata to belong to the section Astrophea, even if, as is probably the case, I have been in error in assigning some of the specimens mentioned by MM. Triana and Planchon to this species on insufficient evidence. 4. P. conrACEA, Juss., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. i. c. 578; Triana d Planch. l. c. p. 158. “Inter Tulua et Buga, n.2447, et inter Yotoco et Vijes (Cauca), Nov. Granat., 2247; alt. 1025, Mart. 1876. Vulgo 'dejarre- tadura; las Juntas (rio Dagua), Nov. Granat., alt. 300 met.; Ibague ad ped. mont. ignivomi Tolima, Central And. Nov. Granat., n. 2004; prope Pandi alt. 1200 met., n. 1444. Hd. André." The leaves of the living plant are described by M. André as dark green, the sepals greenish externally, paler within, the outermost coronal threads blackish violet at the base, white at the tips, the succeeding threads blackish violet capitate, rose- coloured at the ends, the innermost corona glandular, blackish violet, the stamens, ovary, and stigmas green. | 5. P. svBEROSA, Linn., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 577; Triana d Planchon, l. c. p. 157. * Prope Vijes (Cauca), Nov. Granata, alt. 1050 met.; in rupi- bus arenosis aridis. Hd. André n. 2704." M. André's specimens have no flowers, and represent a form of ihis eminently variable species with ovate 3-lobed leaves, some- what coriaceous and more or less downy on both surfaces. 6. P. rariDA, Linn., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 582; Triana & Planchon, l. c. p. 170, pro parte. (1) * Portachuelo (Cauca), Nov. Granata, alt. 1000 met. ; in rupib. arenos. aridissim.; flor. albidi. Hd. André n. 1626" A form with hirsute pubescence, without subjacent tomentum ; some of the marginal hairs gland-tipped ; fruit yellowish, with a few scattered setze.—(2) “ Chinaota prope Fusagasuga, Nov. Granat., alt. 1100 met. In sepibus regionis aridæ arenose. Ed. André n. 1626 (bis)."—'* Rio Dagua, prope La Laguna, Nov. Granat., alt. 997. Ed. André n. 1626 (ter).” Of the glands on this specimen, M. André makes the observation *adsunt glandule pedicellate brunne:s quarum pediculus vasis spiralibus preditus est glandu- larum Drosere instar." Thereareno flowers or fruit. These last represent a form with denser and more copious pubescence than the foregoing, the coarser hairs springing from a felted mass of PASSIFLOREJE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 35 short soft pubescence. They may be referred to the form *' gossy- piifolia.” The same remarks apply to another specimen under the same number gathered near Viota, New Granada —(3) “Peripa, Ecuador, alt. 200 met., E. André n. 4412.” A form with nearly glabrous striate stems, relatively large 3-lobed leaves, the central lobe ovate-acuminate, much larger than the lateral ones, all thinly covered with rather short appressed pu- bescence; no flowers or fruit; n. 4710, “in Peruvia, prope Payta” represents apparently the same form.—(4) “Daule, Ecuador, Ed. André n. 4142 (bis)." A form very similar to the preceding, but with the stems covered with long spreading hairs ; fruit yellowish olive, with a few coarse spreading hairs.—(5) * Las Juntas, Rio Dagua, Nov. Granata, alt. 300 met. Ed. André." Similar to the preceding, but rather less hairy, the fruits larger and almost entirely destitute of hairs.—(6) * Rio Quilcace, Nov. Granata, alt. 1388 met. ; flor. albid. vel pallide azurei. Ed. André n. 1626 ter." A form with densely hirsute pubescence without subjacent tomentum, with small, scarcely lobed leaves, and fruit with a few stiff hairs. According to M. André's drawing, the sepals are of a light bluish colour, the projecting ribs on the outer side green, the petals shorter than the sepals, also light blue; coronal threads blue, white at the base, smaller ones violet ; ovary downy, stigmas green. The forms of P. fætida, like those of P. suberosa, are so nume- rous and pass one into the other by so many gradations as to be almost inextricable as herbarium specimens. It is probable that in a fresh state it would be more easy to disentangle the forms and to correlate the different degrees of pubescence &c. with the local conditions under which the plant grows. MM. Triana and Planchon prefer to regard all or most of the forms as distinct species ; but, considering that the distinctive characteris- ties are adaptive rather than congenital or phyletic (see Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxvii. p. 621), it seems preferable to regard them as modifications of one very variable type. The character relied on by MM. Triana and Planchon to separate P. fetida (^ fruit hérissé de poils ") from P. hispida, DC. (* fruit glabre ”), does not, in my experience, deserve so much consideration as the authors cited give it. 7. P. ArNIFOLIA, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 136 ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. p. 549, pro parte; Triana & Planch. l. c. p. 165. 36 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE * Salento in monte Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. 2500 met.: flores albidi roseo-tincti [casu foliorum] racemosi ; bacce spheric. virides, Ed. André n. 2323. Prope Tuquerres, Nov. Granata, alt. 3100 met.: flores intus albi, extus violascentes ; bacce magnitud. cerasi acidi, matur. lutescent. Ed. André n. 1011 pro parte." 8. P. BocorENsrts, Benth. Pl. Hartweg. p. 118; Triana 4 Plan- chon, l. c. p. 162.— P. alnifolia, Mast. l. c. p. 549 pro parte. * Quetame et Susumuco, Cordill. orient. Nov. Granat., alt. 1000 met.: flores albi extus sordide violacei, fructus breviter pedun- eulati virides, Ed. André n. 1011. Rio Funza prope cataractam Tequendama, Nov. Granat., alt. 2600 met., Ed. André n. 1380; Sibate, Fusagasugá, Nov. Granat., alt. 2300 met. n. 1011 (bis); Arbelaez prope Pandi, Nov. Granat., alt. 1500 met.: flores albi ; corona obscure violacea.” In my former papers I had considered this a variety of P. alnifolia; but the examination of M. André’s specimens and analyses, and the absence of strictly intermediate forms, lead me to concur in the view of MM. Triana and Planchon, who retain it as a distinct species. It differs from P. alnifolia in its much denser, more velvety indumentum, in its shorter peduncles, in the outer threads of the faucial corona, which are capitate, not falcate at the end as they are in P. alnifolia. The character relied on by MM. Triana and Planchon, as to the double rim at the base of the flower-tube, is not to be found in all the spe- cimens of alnifolia. 9. P. Para, Planchon & Linden MSS., ex Triana & Planch. l.c. p. 162. * Dolores (Cauca), Nov. Granata, alt. 1855 met.: flores albi, corona externa violacea apice alba ; ovarium viride, stamina pistil- lumque nigro-violacea. Ed. André n. 2838; vulgo * Tausilla) Ji- menes, Rio Dagua, Nov. Granat., alt. 490 met.: lobi extern. virides, intern. albi, corona extern. basi virid. radiis basi violac. apice lut. coron. intern. lete virid. centro cum tori basi violae. ; ovar. velutin., bacca nigresc.; variat fol. angustior. bilob. luteo-macu- latis, Ed. André n. 2518. Cañitas (Cauca), Nov. Granat., alt. 1256 met.: flos albus, planta humilis in sepibus regionis aride Cau- cane frequens, Ed. André n. 1011 pro parte. Naranjo ad Rio Dagua, Nov. Granat., alt. 590 met., Ed. André n. 1807. ? Ad ped. occid.-mont. ignivomi Corazon prope San Florenzio, Ecuador, PASSIFLOREJE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 37 Ed. André n. 1807—fructus oblongo-ovoideus glabrescens. An recte huc referenda ?" Allied to P. alnifolia, but with shorter peduncles, rounder leaf- lobes, and smaller flowers. 10. P. AxpnnzaNA (§ DEcALO2A), Mast., sp. nov.; ramis flex- uosis compressis sulcato-striatis puberulis; foliis 6 cm. long. 34 cm. lat. coriaceis, superne glabrescentibus, subtus presertim ad nervos pilosiusculis, e basi truncata vel rotundata oblongis, tri- nerviis, nervis radiantibus, apice bilobo, lobo intermedio obsoleto, lobis ovatis mucronulatis, glandulis 4-6 orbicularibus ad basin folii per paria dispositis ; petiolo 12 mm. longo canaliculato, eglan- duloso ; stipulis lineari-subulatis quam petiolus dimidio breviori- bus ; pedunculis solitariis vel geminis quam petioli triplo longiori- bus ; bracteis lineari-setaceis ; floribus diamet. 5 cm. et ultra, tubo brevi patelliformi basi vix intruso ; sepalis glabriusculis e basi lata oblongis obtusis, ad margines pallide membranaceis ; petalis ob- longis obtusis quam sepala parum brevioribus; corona fauciali e filis liguliformibus 1-seriatis quam petala parum brevioribus con- stante, corona media membranacea tubulata erecta longitudinaliter plicata margine superne inflexa denticulata, corona inframediana, tubulata crassiuscula quam præcedens paulo breviore, corona basi- lari basin gynandrophori angulati glabri cingente membranacea apice inflexa denticulata ; ovario subgloboso dense flavido-villoso, stylis puberulis. Patr. * Ad La Laja prope Ipiales, Nov. Granat. meridion., alt. 2900 met.: flos undique obscure violaceus, Ed. André n. 3478.” Allied to P. alnifolia in the foliage, but very different from all the near allies in its larger flowers of a violet colour, and in the singular arrangement of its corona. 11. P. CHELIDONEA, Mast. in Gard. Chron. July 12, 1879, p. 40, fig. 5. * Niebli, prope Quito in temperatis reipubl. ZEquator.; folia subtus violascentia, Ed. André n. 1110." Corazon in Ecuador, Sodiro! Remarkable for its foliage and the structure of its pollen- grains. M. André's specimens are without flowers; but the flowers were described and figured in the * Gardeners’ Chronicle’ supra citat., from specimens that were produced in the garden of J. Anderson Henry, Esq., near Edinburgh. 88 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE 12. P. anrRacta, sp. n. (§ DecatoBa), Mast. & André.—Pu- berula ; caule subangulato striato ; petiolis brevissimis (6 millim.), apice biglandulosis ; stipulis setaceis deciduis ; foliis coriaceis ocel- latis transverse oblongis, 3-nerviis, basi cordatis, apice truncato- bilobis, lobis divergentibus ovato-triangulis; pedunculis quam petioli vix longioribus; bracteis setaceis pinnatilobis deciduis ; floris tubo lato patelliformi, basi intruso ; sepalis oblongis ob- tusis; petalis conformibus minoribus ; coronz faucialis filis ligu- liformibus petaloideis petala sub:zequantibus; corona media præ- cedenti approximata carnosa annulari, apice deflexa; corona ad basin gynophori deficiente. * Rio dela Mona in decliv. occid. montis Chimborazo, Ecuador; flor. albidi vel luteoli, Ed. André n. 4066." Near to P. Vespertilio, L., especially in the foliage; but the arrangement of the corona is quite different. 13. P. RUBRA, Linn., Mast. im Flor. Brasil. l. c. 589 (ubi folia per imprudentiam triloba descripta). “Tocaima, Nov. Granat., alt. 550 met.; flores albi; fructus spheric., Ed. André n. 1807." 14. P. capsunaris, Linn., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l.c. 589; Triana & Planchon, l. c. 158. “Rio de la Vieja prope Cartago, Nov. Granata, alt. 980 met., Martio,n. 2418; Piedra de Moler ad pedem occid. montis Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. 994: met., Martio, Ed. André." M. André describes the flowers as pale green on the outside, the sepals white flushed with rose, the petals much smaller, white ; coronal threads white, violet at the base ; ovary pubescent green; fruit deep red, opening ultimately from above downwards by six valves, snow-white in the interior ; seeds pearly grey. 15. P. zuNATA, Willd., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 552. * El Salado, prope Guayaquil, Ecuador, Julio, in arboribus re- gionis arid? maritime. ^ Cartago, in valle flum. Cauca, Nov. Granat., alt. 990 met., Martio, n. 4143; flores albidi, extus viri- descentes, suavissimi, Hd. André." To this species probably also belong the following :—n. 78, gathered at La Guayra, Venezuela, November 1875, having leaves only, much resembling those of the Brazilian P. retusa ; but on other specimens of P. lunata in the Kew herbarium the upper PASSIFLOREZ OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 39 leaves have quite the very narrow dimensions of those in M. André’s specimen. Under the same number is another specimen ‘gathered by M. André near Naranjo (Cauca), New Granada, which has an ovoid green fruit the size of a large cherry, but with no flowers. Another imperfect specimen, probably belonging to the same species, is n. 154, gathered at La Guayra, Venezuela, in very dry places. 16. P. ERyTHROPHYLLA, Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 554, excl. syn. P. trisetosa, DC. “Armada in Cordill. meridion. Nov. Granat., alt. circit. 1040 met. Folia supra violaceo-viridia, conspicue depicta, subtus violacea; flores desunt, Hd. André n. 3426 ;" Goudot, in Nov. Granat. n. 2! When I originally published this species, I was in doubt whether the P. trisetosa of DC. was not identical with this. M. André's specimens, though without flowers, induce me to consider the two distinct. 17. P. SANGUINOLENTA, Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 1162, et 1874, vol. ii. p. 227 c. $c. zylog. ; Flor. Brasil. l. c. 559; Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. iv. (1872) p. 135. * Chuquiribamba, Ecuador, alt. 2500 met., Ed. André n. 4446." M. André well says of this species, * habitu, forma coloreque florum distinctissima." He describes the nerves of the leaves as lutescent, which is not visible in the dried state, and the flowers as "kermesini" Garden specimens derived from Colombia showed in one case reddish-violet flowers, in the other flowers of à rosy-pink hue. The form of the pollen-grain as observed by Mr. W. G. Smith, and figured at p. 227 of the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle ' for August 22, 1874, is quite different from that of most other species, being globose, with a rugose surface and numerous foramina. 18. P. TRINERVIA, Mast. l. c. 558; Triana & Planchon, l. c. 178. “La Cruces, Gallego, in montibus Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. 2500-3200 met., Martio: caules graciles e fruticum ramis eleganter pendentes; Fuchsiis nonnullis forma florum affinis, Ed. André n. 2280.” 40 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE The calyx is described by M. André as carmine-red, the coronal threads white, the stamens violet, the stigmas green. 19. P. SEEMANNI, Grisebach-in Bonplandia, 1858, p. 7; Mast.: in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 559.—P. incana, Seem. Fl. Panam., non Ker, ex Griseb. “ Inter Quetame et San Miguel in Cordill. orient. Nov. Granat., alt. 1500 met.: lobi pallide lilacini, corone radii alternatim albo- et violaceo-striati, Hd. André n. 1070. Villavicensio ad ped. orient. Andium Bogotens., Nov. Granat., 500 met., Ed. André n. 1070 (bis). Differt a P. maliformi (P. ornata, H. B. K.) fol. cordiform. vix mucronatis haud ellipticis nec ovatis, bracteis multo minoribus, sepalis petalis radiisque coronsz majoribus, Ed. André." 20. P. MALIFORMIS, Linn., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 594; Triana & Planchon, l. c. 149. * Viota, Nov. Granata, alt. 550 met.: sepala ovata viridia ; petala acuminata, ante apicem galeata, extus apiculata viridia, intus viridia violaceo punctata; corons radii pulchre violacei; filamenta viridia violaceo punctata; anthere lutem»; ovarium flavescens: vulgo * Chulupa, Hd. André n. 1776. Piedra de Moler prope Cartago, Nov. Granat., alt. 990 met., Ed. André n. 1776 (bis)." MM. Triana and Planchon describe a var. B. pubescens from the banks of the Magdalena, differing from the type solely in the pubescence of the underside of the leaves. 21. P. LIGULARIS, Juss., Mast. l. c. 560; Triana 4 Planchon, l. c. 149. * Palmilla, Quindio, Nov. Granat., alt. 1900 met., Martio: folia subtus violacea; fructus maximus edulis vulgo dicitur Granadilla." M. André's specimens show the foliage only ; but that is un- mistakable. 22. P. wacROCARPA, Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 1012; Flor. Brasil. l. c. 598, t. 115; Journal of Royal Horticultural Society, vol. iv. (1872) p. 187.—P. quadrangularis, Triana d Planchon, l.c. p. 147.—P. quadrangularis, var. sulcata, Jacq., teste Triana & Planchon, l. c. * Cali (Cauca), Nov. Granata, alt. 1030 met., Aprili, et Cartago alt. 989 met., n. 285. Carare ad rip. flum. Magdalen», Nov. PASSIFLOREZE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 41 Granat. Dec. : * Calycis lobi lilacini ; coron: radii violacei striati ; fructus maximus oblongus edulis. ‘Badea’ incolarum, Ed. André.” MM. Triana and Planchon, whose monograph was issued before the publication of the plate of this species in the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis, refer it to the original P. quadrangularis. I have entered at length into the discussion of the distinguishing cha- racteristics in the publications above cited. In cultivation the foliage, stipules, the form and colour of the flower, the fruit and more especially the disposition of the corona, are quite distinct from either those of P. quadrangularis or of P. alata. 23. P. LONGIPES, Juss., Mast. l. c. 561; Triana & Planchon, l. c. 151. * Bogotá, Nov. Granata, alt. 2650 met., Decemb. : Sepala extus viridia, intus rosea, basi tumido-concava; corona rudimentaria v. fasciculus aspergilliformis radiis brevibus albis apice cceruleis. Bractez foliacee, Ed. André n. 735." 24. P. GUAZUMIFOLIA, Juss., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l.c. 563. * Villavicensio ad ped. Cordill. orient., Nov. Granat., alt. 600 met.: Petala albido-viridia roseo-tineta ; corone radii alternatim albi et violacei, Hd. André n. 1029.” M. André also adds the following note :—* P. ornate (maliformi, L.) affinis, differt foliis ellipticis latioribus obtusis haud apiculatis sed brevissime mucro- natis ; item affinis P. nitide, H. B. K., que planta est foliis crassis ovato-lanceolatis dentatis, florib. majoribus. Puerto nacional ad ripas flum. Magdalene, Nov. Granat., Ed. André n. 1029.” 25. P. VITIFOLIA, H. B. K., Mast. l.c. 564; Triana & Plan- chon, l. c. 143. * Naranjo ad ripas flum. Magdalens, Nov. Granat., Dec., nn. 234 et 270; ad Panche, Nov. Granat., alt. 1320 met.; prope urbem Fusagasuga in Cordill. orient., Nov. Granat., alt. 1800 m., n. 270; Carare, Magdalena, n. 270. Flores undique coccinei vel viride scarlatini (excepta corona alba).... fructus oblongus, haud ma- turus viridis albo-punetulatus .... In silvis primevis, crescens 499 in arboribus haud proceris, Ed. André. 26. P. Sprucet, Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 568. “Rio Peripa, prope Guayaquil, Ecuador, alt. 200 met. ; flores extus virides, intus albidi, Ed. André n. 4309 bis." LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XX. E 42 DR. MAXWELL T. MASTERS ON THE 27. P. REFLEXIFLORA, Cav., Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l. c. 569. “ Balsapamba, ad ped. oce. mont. Chimborazo, Ecuador, alt. 300 met.; flores rosei, extus virides, dorso lineati, Ed. André n. 4034 bis ;" in vicin. Guayaquil, Ecuador, “ folia subtus violacea, Ed. André n. 4084 bis; prope Babahoyo ad ripas Rio Guayas, Ecuador, Hd. André n. 4068.” 28. P. LORIFERA ($ GRANADILLA), Mast. et André, sp. n. (Tab. XX. figs. 4, 5); glaberrima ; caule gracili tereti sulcato- striato ; petiolis gracilibus (12-15 mm.) glandulis stipitatis 2-4 preeditis ; foliis 3-33 cm. tenuibus glaucescentibus cordato 3-lobis, lobis oblongis obtusis remote serrulatis medio multo majore; stipulis petiolos equantibus foliaceis oblique semilunaribus mu- cronulatis ; pedunculis solitariis foliis axillantibus subequilongis; bracteis parvis foliaceis liberis; floris tubo 3 cm. glabro cylindrato tubulato, limbo quam tubus longiore ; sepalis oblongis dorso sub apice corniculatis; petalis conformibus quam sepala subbreviori- bus; corona fauciali e filis 2-3- (pluri- P)seriatis constante, filis externis liguliformi-spatulatis petaloideis flexis, quam petala parum brevioribus, filis interioribus gradatim minoribus ; corona media e tubo versus basin enascente erecta membranacea margine superne dentato-laciniata ; corona basilari gynandrophorum gra- cilem angulatum cingente membranacea cupulata ; ovario elliptico sulcato puberulo, stylis clavatis ovario longioribus. * Peripa, Ecuador occident., alt. circa 200 met. Flores kerme- sini, concolores; folia glaucescentia; alabastri extus virides, Ed. André n. 4447 bis.” 29. P. RESTICULATA, sp. n. ($ GzaNADILLA), Mast. et André; glabra, ramis subangulatis gracilibus rigidis; foliis 7 cm. lat., 5 em. long., membranaceis subpeltatis suborbicularibus, antice breviter 3-lobis, lobis ovatis obtusis subzqualibus divergentibus ; petiolis laminas subsequantibus vel superantibus, gracilibus, glandulis parvis stipitulatis onustis; stipulis 12 mm., foliaceis, oblique oblongis, acutis, serrulatis ; pedunculis gracilibus petiolos fere duplo superantibus; bracteis foliaeeis lanceolatis flori ap- proximatis; floribus diametro 5 cm.; sepalis longe foliaceo-mu- cronatis; corone faucialis pluriserialis filis extimis quam petala tertia parte brevioribus, ceteris gradatim minoribus, corona media ....; ovario ellipsoideo violaceo, stylis basi deflexis graci- libus; fructu 5 em. ellipsoideo olivaceo ; seminibus hastatis com- planatis scrobiculatis ad margines eroso-lobulatis. PASSIFLOREJE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. 43 * San Florenzio in decliv. occid. mont. ignivom. Corazon, Ecua- dor, alt. 1580 met., Ed. André nn. 2568 et 3733; Cartago, Cauca, Nov. Granata, alt. 990 met., fructüs pulpa edulis, Ed. André n. 2568 (Dis) ;" Quebrada de Armada. Cauca, Nov. Granat., alt. 990 met.: "specimen unicum floribus carens in regione pluviosa lectum Hd. André n. 3904 bis.” A species closely allied to P. alba, Link et Otto, and of gardens, also to P. glauca of Aiton, and more remotely to P. stipulata of Aublet; but recognizable by its slender wiry stems, the shallow leaf-lobes, the absence of glaucous hue, and the long flower-stalks. As great confusion exists as to the species just named, I append in a note at the end of this communication (p. 44) the character- istic distinctions between them. In addition to the species before mentioned, there are in M. André’s collection a few specimens too imperfect to be deter- mined, but sufficiently interesting to be briefly mentioned. No. 2143 bis, collected on Mount Quindio, has slender glabrous sulcate stems, membranous peltate ovate-acute 3-nerved leaves, with one triangular central lobe at the apex and indications of lateral lobes. The large reniform stipules are leafy and ciliato- dentate. If a true Passiflora, it is very distinct from any other yet recorded. No. 1739, gathered near Viota, New Granada, has glabrous striated stems, subcoriaceous leaves divided to the base into three linear lanceolate lobes; petioles much shorter than the blade, and with small stipitate glands; stipules large, leafy, reniform, acute. The others present no remarkable characteristics, and are probably referable to well-known species. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. Puare XIX. Figs. 1-4. Zacsonia floribunda, var. major. 1, leaf; 2, flower; 3, vertical section of flower showing arrangement of corona. All of natural size. PLATE XX. Figs. 1-3. Passiflora eminula. 1, flower, nat. size; 2, section showing corona and gynophore, enlarged; 3, one of the outer threads of the corona, enlarged. Figs. 4, 5. Passiflora lorifera. 4, upper leaf and stipules ; 5, section of flower. Both figs, nat. size. E2 44 ON THE PASSIFLOREE OF ECUADOR AND NEW GRANADA. Note. The following synonyms and characters apply to the species referred to on p. 43. P. srievrATA, Aublet, Hist. Plant. Guayan. (1775), tab. 325; Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l.c. 567; nec Triana & Planchon. P. caule tereti glabro; foliis latioribus quam longioribus subcoriaceis glabris, subtus glaucis, basi rotundatis, vix peltatis, palmatim 3-lobis, lobis minime altis, late divergentibus, ovatis obtusis vel acuminatis integris, petiolis 5 em. long. glandulis pluribus sessilibus onustis; stipulis maximis 4-5 cm. long. foliaceis oblique oblongo-ovatis vix acutis; pedunculis petiolo brevioribus; bracteis parvis foliaceis a flore distantibus; ovario ellipsoideo pruinato. Czet. non visa.— Descriptio ex spec. a von Rohr in Guian. Gallic. (Herb. Mus, Brit.) et ab Han- cock in Guian. Britan. lectis (Herb. Kew), comparatá icone Aubletii. P. GLAUCA, Solander in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. i. (1789) vol. iii. p. 308 ; Jacquin, Hort. Schenbrunn. iii. p. 270, t. 384; Ker in Bot. Heg. t. 88; Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l.c. 567; nec Triana § Planchon. P. foliis latioribus quam longis carnosulis glabris, subtus glaucis, basi cordatis, subpeltatis, antice fere ad medium 3-lobis, lobis ovatis acutis integris eglandu- losis; petiolis (5 em.) sepius eglandulosis; stipulis 3cm. oblique oblongis acuminatis integris; pedunculo petiolum subequante vel manifeste breviore ; bracteis parvis; sepalis ecorniculatis; coronæ faucialis pluriserialis filis extimis petala s:quantibus.— (Character ex spec. a cl. Solander in hort. Kew. anno 1780 lect. et in herb. Mus. Brit. asservat. Patria forsan Mexico vel Venezuela. P. ALBA, Link et Otto, Ic. Plant. Rar. t. 33; Triana & Planchon, l.c. p. 152 (absque synon.); Mast. in Flor. Brasil. l.c. 611, speciminibus quibusdam Brasi- liensibus, huic speciei forsan perperam tributis, exceptis. P. foliis latioribus quam longis, basi vix cordatis, subpeltatis, antice ad vel ultra medium 3-lobis, lobo medio longiore, omnibus oblongis obtusis vel acutis mueronulatis, intus prope basin ad marginem glanduloso-serrulatis ; petiolis glan- dulosis vel eglandulosis ; stipulis foliaceis oblique oblongo-lanceolatis integris ; pedunculis petiolum sub:equantibus vel eo longioribus ; bracteis magnis foliaceis floris tubum velantibus; sepalis longe foliaceo-cornutis; corone faucialis filis externis quam petala tertia parte brevioribus.—P. atomaria, Planchon, l.c. p. 153; Mast. l. c.—P. adenophylla, Mast. l. c.—An huc P. subpeltata, Ortega, Decad. p. 58 (1800) ? Hab. in Mexico, Ruiz et Pavon in herb. Mus. Brit. sub nom. P. lutee!; et etiam sub nom. “ P. holosericee de Mexico"! ; entre Ciudad Real & Cacaté, Lin- den 897!; Galeotti n. 5664!; Hahn 2487!; Liebmann 33 et 34!; Ins. Tri- nidad, Fendler 374! ; in Nov. Granata, Bogotá, Triana!; André spec. cult. ex semin. in Nov. Granat. lect.!; An specimina Brasiliensia a me olim ad hanc speciem tributa ad aliam potius pertineant postea est inquirendum. P, RESTICULATA, Mast. 4 André. Vide supra, p. 42. TERATOLOGICAL NOTES ON PLANTS. 45 Teratological Notes on Plants.—I. By Henry N. Rioter, M.A., F.L.S., Assist. Botanical Department, British Museum. [Read November 2, 1882.] 1. A Monstrosity of Carex glauca, Scop.—The specimen about to be described was found on a grassy down above Durleston Bay, at Swanage in Dorsetshire. It consists of a culm which bears two female and two terminal male flower-spikes; both the female spikes are supported on peduncles of some length, (1 centim. in the case of thelowest,) which spring from the interior of utricles ; each utricle contains, in addition, a female flower, exteriorly to which arises the peduncle. The lowest male spike springs, in like manner, from a much- Fig. 1. aborted utricle; but the peduncle is so short that it Ki hardly protrudes from it. j| The bract which subtends i j^ this utricle is truncate and i N V A broadly dilated, and bears i MY A rA ej à considerable similarity to E b y K yg j the utricular bract at the N N | Leg al f Ó base of the flower-spikes in | Ñ Carex polystachya, C. Hart- AW wegii, &c. The specimen XY also illustrates very clearly SS the homology of the seta which is characteristic of the Uncinie and of the group of Carices known as the Psyllophore. Cases have been recorded of the seta bearing rudimentary flowers (Linn. Journ. xiv. p. 154); and there can be little doubt A that we have in this in- stance an example of re- : A. Monstrosity of Carer glauca, Scop., Toron of the seta to Fome showing peduncles of the Hower-spikes emer- thing like its own original ging from utricles. form and proportion. In B. One of the utricles in section, showing the case of Carices with the positions of the ovary and the peduncle. 46 MR. H. N. RIDLEY'S TERATOLOGICAL compound spikes a similar monstrosity occurs ; in these, however, the peduncle is very short, and hardly protrudes from the utricle. 2. A Case of Pistillody in Lolium perenne, Linn.—The subject of this note was found growing in a grass-field near Hendon ; a con- siderable number of plants, all similarly affected, formed a conspi- cuous patch among the normal form, from which they were distinguished by the rather distant, much swollen spikelets. On opening a flower, no reproductive organs were visible, their place being taken by a number of glumes or glume-like bodies ; the most exterior of these, which corresponded in position to the sta- mens, were green linear glumes, the apices of which were abruptly bent down, and terminated by a number of short hairs having the nodulose character of the stigmatic hairs (fig. 24). Inte- rior in position to these were one or more conduplicate glumes bent laterally in a zigzag manner ; these bore similar but longer hairs upon the midrib and margins, and in greatest quantity upon the apex (fig. 2 B). Inaddition to these there was a tuft of about six small oval transparent leaves, each of which was terminated by a single stigmatie arm—in fact, single carpellary leaves without any trace of ovules (fig. 2 c). The specimens illustrate clearly the mode of transition from glumes into pistils. I can find no similar* case recorded; but Gen. Munro mentions a case (Linn. Trans. xxvii. p. 7) in which the points of the anthers of a bamboo were tipped with im- Fig. 2. A. Monstrous stamen of Lolium perenne. B and C. Modified glumes replacing the reproductive organs in Lolium perenne. * For an analogous, not identieal, case, see Journ, Linn, Soc. vii, p. 121. NOTES ON PLANTS. 47 perfect styles; and it seems possible that the processes on the appendages of the stamens in certain Cyperaces, e. g. Acro- carpus, and especially in a plant nearly allied to Galmia, collected in tropical Africa by Dr. Welwitsch, and hitherto, as far as I can determine, undescribed, may be rudimentary stigmatic hairs. Lolium perenne is probably more subject to malformation than any other grass ; this is no doubt due to its habit of growing in waste ground and by-paths, where it is especially liable to injury ; and in this case, from the fact that all the plants affected were growing close together in a patch, while the others in the field were unaffected, it is probable that the malformation was due to some accident to the grass at that spot. 3. Note on Equisetum maximum, var. serotinum (var. prolife- rum, Milde).—A specimen of Equisetum maximum, answering to the description of this plant in Milde’s monograph of the order, occurred among a considerable quantity of the normal form in Durleston Bay, near Swanage in Dorsetshire. It consists of a vegetative stem which, at some height above the ground, has produced a spike of fructification ; this again passes into, and is terminated by, another vegetative portion. The whorl of leaves immediately below the annulus has taken the form of the long leaves characteristic of the fertile stem ; all the ones below, however, are similar to those of a normal sterile stem. A longi- tudinal section of the fruiting portion shows the nodal septa at the base and upper part; they disappear, however, in the centre. The most interesting feature, however, is in the upper part of the spike, where the sporangiophores pass into the normal leaves. In the most slightly modified of these the clypeole produces from the centre an acuminate process, which is in most cases deflected, and is dark brown or black at the apex; in the more modified ones the clypeole has lost its hexagonal shape, and becomes the broad base of the leaf, the leaf-point is longer and passes insensibly into the elypeole. the pedicel is broader and flatter, the sporangia fewer. Finally, the clypeole and pedicel are quite undistinguishable from the rest of the leaf. It is note- worthy that in many cases the primarily single acuminate pro- cess becomes cleft, in one ease almost as far as the sporanges. The apieal portion of the stem is similar to that of a normal sterile plant, except at the base, where there is a partial whorl of the large leaves characteristic of the fertile stem, at the base of which are one or two sporanges placed exteriorly to the leaf. 48 pn. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON Milde, in his monograph of the Equiseta, has given this form the varietal name quoted above; this seems, however, quite un- justifiable, as it is evidently only a monstrosity, due probably to accidental circumstances. It does not appear to be at all common ; and I do not find that it has been hitherto recorded as occurring in this country. Fig. 3. A, B. Clypeole of Equisetum maximum passing into a leaf, from beneath (A), from the side (B). 7 C, D. Another, more modified, showing the splitting of the primarily entire leaf-point. E, F. Another, in which the leaf-point is split almost as far as the sporanges ; the clypeole now merely an enlargement of the lower part of the leaf, late Dr. A. C. Maingay. By Dr. Winyraw NYLANDER, On a Collection of Exotie Lichens made in "px Asia by the F.M.L.S., and the Rev. James M. Cnowstg, F.LS. [Read December 7, 1882.] Tur Lichens here enumerated and described were collected by Dr. Maingay in British Burmah, the Straits Settlements, China, and Japan, at intervals from 1861 to 1865. After his death they were purchased by Sir Joseph Hooker, along with the collection of Phanerogams made by him in the same regions. The Lichens consisted of specimens mounted by Dr. Maingay for his own herbarium (including numerous British species), and of a mass of fragmentary unmounted specimens contained in a sack with EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 49 labels of localities attached to them. Most of the latter had become more or less putrid from dampness; and even of the former, many were destitute of spores from the same cause. The examination of both was consequently very tedious, and their determination (even where this was possible) in some cases a rather difficult task. From what follows, it will be seen that of those which admitted of determination, some are interesting as illustrative of Lichen- distribution, and others as being new species or varieties pre- viously undetected. "These latter form a very fair proportion (nearly one fourth) of the whole number determinable. I. British Burmah. Family LicHEn cet. Tribe PARMELIEI. 1. PanwELIA sULPHURATA, Nyl. & Flot. On the wooden supports of the Buddhist Monastery at Moulmein. Fertile. 2. *PARMELIA TABACINA," Mont. Syll. p. 327. On walls of the old Buddhist Monastery at the Pagoda, Moulmein. Sterile. According to Nylander, this constitutes nothing typical, but only some common species (in the present case probably P. latis- sima), destroyed by urine or some ammoniacal liquid (J. M. C.). ' Tribe PuxscirEr. 3. Puyscra PICTA (Sw.). On Cocoa-Palms. Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon. Fertile. Tribe LEcrpEEr. 4. LECIDEA SUBALBOATRA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus vel albido-cinerascens tenuis granulato-inzqualis subdetermina- tus; apothecia nigra opaca superficialia plana marginata (latit. "05—08 millim.); spore 8næ, fusce, seriebus 4-6, uni- vel bi-loculares, longit. 0:015-0:022 millim., crassit. 0007-0009 millim. ; paraphyses gracilescentes ; epithecium et hypothecium fusca. lodo gelatina hymenialis intensive cerulescens.—A ffinis L. alboatre et forsan non specie differens. On posts. Near the Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon. Tribe GRAPHIDIEI. 5. GnaPHIS HETEROCARPA, Fée. On Palm-trees. Dagon Pagoda. Tribe PYRENOCARPEI. 6. VERRUCARIA GLABRATA, Ach. On bark of trees. Dagon Pagoda, 50 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON TI. The Straits Settlements. Family CorrEMACET. l. COLLEMA THYSANJEOIDES, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus plumbeus lobatus adnatus mediocris, siccitate obtuse plicatus; apo- thecia obscure rufescentia, plana (latit. circiter 0°5 millim.), margine thallino levi cincta; spore Sn, aciculari-fusiformes 3-5-septate, longit. 0°040-0°065 millim., crassit. 0004—0-005 millim.—Affine C. leucocarpo, Tayl. a quo differt apotheciis nudis, planis, sporis tenuioribus ete. On Pterocarpus indicus. Flagstaff Hill, Malacca. 2. *CoLLEMA CONISTIZUM, Nyl., subsp. n. “Subspecies sit prioris, thallo sparsim isidiello-furfuraceo ; apotheciis varian- tibus cssio-suffusis, sporis nonnihil longioribus (usque longi- tudinis 0:070 millim., crassit. 0'004 millim.)." On Pterocarpus indicus. Flagstaff Hill, Malacca. 3. DICHODIUM BYRSINUM (Ach.). On aged trees. Tanjong, Malacca; Penang and Pulo Undam. Various states. 4. LEPTOGIUM TREMELLOIDES (Z.) On Cocoa-Palms. Near Evans Compound, Malacca. Fertile. : Var. azureum (Ach.) On old trees. Bukit Serindeh, Malacca. Sterile. 5. LEPTOGIUM (SrEPHANOPHORON) CHLOROMELUM (Sw.). On Nutmeg-trees, Pulo Penang: fertile. Pringate, Malacca: sterile. Var. cowPACTUM, Cromb., lobis minoribus magis divisis arcte aggregatis, marginibus dense furfuraceo-granulatis. On mossy trunks. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. Family LICHENACEI. Tribe RAMALINEI. 6. RAMALINA FARINACEA (Z.). On Cocoa-Palms. Maline, Malaeea. Sterile. Tribe Usneetr. 7. USNEA TRIcHODEA, Ach. On trunks of trees. Government Hill, Penang. Sterile. 8. *UsNEA LEUCOSPILODEA, Nyl., subsp. n. Similis priori, sed differt thallo (levi) sorediis albis rotundatis vix prominulis variegato, nonnihil robustiore, minus diviso. Sterilis modo visa. Near the tops of very lofty trees. Government Hill, Penang. EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 51 Tribe PARMELIEI. 9. PaRMELIA TINcTORUM, Despr. On rocks. Singapore. Gene- rally sterile; but one specimen with young apothecia. 10. *PARMELIA TAPACINA," Mont. On trunks of trees. Ala- gajah, near Malacca. Sterile. (The specimens are probably referable to the preceding species.) 11. PARMELIA ABYSSINICA, Nyl. On Angsana-trees. Flagstaff Hil, Malaeca. Sterile. 12. Parmenta SUBLÆVIGATA, Wyl. On Cocoa-Palms. Tanga Battu, near Malaeca. Sparingly fertile. 13. PAnMELIA TILIACEA (Hoffm.). On Cocoa-Palms. Tanga Battu, near Malacca. Sparingly fertile. 14. PARMELIA SUBDISSECTA, Nyl., sp. n. Sat similis P. dissecte europa, sed thallo adnato, rhizinis brevioribus; spore non vise ; spermatia subfusiformia, longit. 0004-0005 millim., crassit. 00005 millim.; K(CaCl) medulla erythrinose tincta; apothecia non bene evoluta visa in specimine e Malacca, sed talia adsunt in collect. Leprieur e Cayenne in Guyana ; sporis ellipsoideis longit. 0:006—0:007 millim., crassit. 00035 millim. On Cocoa-Palms. Tanjong, Malacca. 15. PAnMELIA SUBRUPTA, Wyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus adnatus orbiculari-expansus inzqualis, lineari-laciniatus, laciniis multi- fidis (latit. circiter 1 millim.), demum transversim rimosis, subtus pallidus, rhizinis passim visibilibus obscuratis; apo- thecia badio-fusca (latit. 1 millim. vel minora), margine thallino crenato vel suberenato recepta; spore ellipsoidem, longit. 0:005-0:006 millim., erassit. 07003-0004 millim. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerulescens, thecæ presertim tincte. Forsan specie differat a P. intertexta, Mont., javanica presertim laciniis thal- linis transversim diffraetis. Thallus nec K nec CaCl reagens. On Cocoa-Palms. Allagajah, near Malacca. 16. PARMELIA SULPHURATA, Nyl. & Flot. On Cocoa-Palms. Tanga Battu, near Malacca. Fertile. Medulla K(CaCl) orange-red. 17. PARMELIA crrcumnopata, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus ochroleucus adpressus laciniis discretis sinuato-multifidis et sinuato-incisis (latit. 1 millim. vel angustioribus), margine nigro-rhizinosis, rhizinis basi nodoso-turgidis (inde lacinie margine globulis nodosis confertis cireumcoronatz), pagina infera pallida; apo- 52 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON thecia et spermogonia ignota. Parmelia minor, thallo K+ (medulla tum flavente).—A ffinis videtur P. sublimbate, Nyl. On mossy trunks. Government Hill, Penang. 18. PARMELIA MALACCENSIS, Myl.,sp.n. "Thallus subochroleucus orbiculari-expansus, adpressus lineari-laciniatus, laciniis multi- fidis contiguis vel subimbricato-contiguis (latit. circiter 1 millim.), supra subconvexulis papillisque isidiosis plus minusve conspersis, subtus fuscis, rhizinis parvulis tenuibus (at vix ullis marginalibus); apothecia badio-fusea (latit. circiter 1 millim.), margine thallino crassulo subintegro cincta; spore Snæ ellipsoidez, longit. circiter 0:007 millim., crassit. circiter 0:0035 millim. Iodo thece sole cwrulescentes. Thallus K non reagens vel medulla leviter lutescens.—E stirpe est Par- melie relicine : affinis videtur P. intertexte, Mont. (Javanice), sed ejus thallus habet isidium, marginem receptacularem alium. On Cashew-nut trees, St. John's Hill, Malacca: sparingly fertile. Also at Allagajah, near Malacca: sterile. Tribe PHyYscret. 19. Puvscra PrcTA (Sw.). On trees. Singapore.—F. foliicola, Cromb. Thallus smaller, thinner, closely adnate, sorediiferous in the centre. On leaves of Garcinia mangostana. Malacca: sterile. Tribe Pyxtvet. 20. PyxiwE cocoEs (Ach.). On bark of trees. Bukit Serindeh, Malacca. 21. PYXINE sonEDIATA (Fr.). On trees in maritime situations. Pulo Undam, near Malacca. Tribe LECANORETI. 22. PANNARIA PANNOSA (Sw.). On the trunks of trees and on mosses. Water Islands (Pulo Undam), near Malacca; Penang. 23. LECANORA LEPTOZONA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus tenuis rimulosus ; apothecia rufa superficialia biatorina plana (latit. 0:5 millim.) ; margine (perithecio) tenui infuscato; spore pla- eodinz, loculis sat retractis, longit. 0009-0011 millim., crassit. 0:003 millim.; paraphyses non bene discrete, epithecium lutes- cens (K purpurascens).—Accedens versus Lecanoram c@sio- rufam, Ach., Nyl., notis autem allatis dignota. On shady rocks. Pulo Undam, near Malacca. 24. LECANORA GANGALIZODES, Nyl., sp. n. Similis fere Leca- nore gangalize, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 8, sed apothecia nigri- canti-fuscescentia, paraphysum clavis fuscis (in Z. gangaliza EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 53 subcerulescenti-nigricantibus et acido nitrico rosello-violas- centibus). Thallus albidus tenuis conferte rimulosus (K fla- vescens); apothecia fusconigra innata (latit. 0:5 millim.), margine thallino tenui vel obsoleto cincta; spore oblongo- ellipsoidez, longit. 0:010-0'011 millim., crassit. 0:005-0:006 millim.; paraphyses graciles, clava fuscescente (acido nitrico non aliter colorata). Spermatia longit. circiter 0:025 millim., crassit. 00005 millim. On rocks, just above high-water mark. Pulo Undam, Malacea. 25. LECANORA ACHROA, var. PHÆACHROA, Nyl. “Apotheciis sub- fuscis." On old posts, Malacca. 26. LECANORA PREGRANIFERA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus granulatus ; apothecia nigra (latit. 0:5-0:8 millim.), intus con- coloria, margine thallino tenui integro cincta (demum evanes- cente); spore 8næ ellipsoider, longit. 0:015-0'016 millim., crassit. 0'009-0°010 millim. ; paraphyses gracilescentes, epithe- cium et hypothecium fusca. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cæru- lescens, thecz presertim tinctw.—Species e stirpe Lecanore granifere, Ach., thallo firmo granulato distincta. Thallus intus flavescens (K magis flavens). On rugged bark. St. John’s Hill, Malacca. 27. LECANORA PUNICEA, Ach. Ontrees. Singapore. Tribe THELOTREMEI. 28. THELOTREMA CAYATUM, Ach. On the trunks of dead trees. Singapore. 29. THELOTREMA sUBCONFORME, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus macula albido-pallida rugulosa subnitidiuscula indicatus ; apothecia incoloria innata, extus ostiolis minutis (latit. circiter O'1 millim.) agminose confertis indicata; spore 8næ inclores ob- longe 6-loculares, loculis mediis vulgo semel divisis (inde trans- versim bilocularibus), longit. 0:017—0:020 millim., crassit. 0007 millim. (iodo cerulescentes).—Species locum habens prope T. conforme, Fée, quod sporis gaudet majoribus. On Lanjoot-trees. St. John's Hill, Malacca. 30. ASCIDIUM monopactriuM, Nyl. Enum. génér. p. 119. “Spore singule in thecis, longs 0'140-0:160 millim., crasse 0:027— 0:035 millim. In specimine viso e Labuan spore longiores et usque longit. 0:230-0:240 millim., crassit. 0:022-0*030 millim. Extus comparandum cum Ascidio domingense, sed longe dif- 54 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON ferens sporis oblongo-cylindricis murali-divisis. Spore iodo cerulescunt. On Lanjoot-trees. Malacca. Tribe LEcrpEEI, 31. CoccocARPIA MOLYBDÆA, Pers. Amongst mosses on old stumps of trees. Water Islands, near Malacca. Fertile. Var. incisa, Pers. On old trees. Pulo Besar and Bukit China, Malacca. An old atypical state. Sparingly fertile. 32. CoccocARPIA AURANTIACA (Hook. d Tayl). On mossy trunks of Palms. Allagajah, Malacca. Sterile. Also a deco- lorate condition. 33. CoccocangPrIA SMARAGDINA, Pers. On trees. Mt. Ophir, Malacea : fertile. 34. CoccocarPia AZURELLA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus cerulescens tenuis vel tenuissimus, adpressus radiato-divisus, lobulis ambitu suberenato-incisis, incisuris angustis ; apothecia testaceo-rufella parva (latit. 0-25 millim. vel minora), plana immarginata ; spore 8n: globulosz, diam. 0:004—0*005 millim. Lodo gelatina hymenialis thecarum cerulescens, dein apicibus obscuratis. Forsan non specie differens a Collemate blepharophore, Bel., vel Biatora Belangeri, Mont. (que diversa videretur vix nisi thallo pallide glaucescente). Thallus raro integre suborbicu- laris (latit. 2-3 millim.), sepius lobulis incisis subdispersis, erassit. vix 0°02 millim. vel tenuior; syngonimia difformia, seepe cylindracea, stratis nonnullis superpositis (non vero scy- tonemoidea); gonimiis glaucescenti-cerulescentibus (diametris 0:007 -0:009 millim.). Thece altit. circiter 0:035 millim., pyri- formi-oblonge, confertæ; paraphyses gracillime parce. On Cocoa-Palms. Malacca. 35. CoccocAnPIA EPITRIPTA, Nyl., sp. n. Forsan nimis parum distincta a C. azurella, thallo nonnihil majore, centro minute conferte isidiello. Thallus subtus tenuiter albo-rhizinosus. C. smaragdina est major, planior, supra glabra, rhizinis pallidis tomentum tenue efficientibus. On old trunks. Police-station at Durian, Malacca: sterile. Associated apparently with Lecidea parvifolia, var. fibrillifera, Nyl Sterile. 36. LEcrpEA PROBOSCIDINA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus glaucescens tenuis inzqualis subleprosus; apothecia pallide carnea (latit. 1 millim. vel minora), superficialia, margine pallido ; spore 8næ EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 55 oblong, longit. 0°007-0:010 millim., erassit. 0:0035-0:0040 miilim. Iodo gelatina hymenialis non tincta (lutescens). Afh- uis Lecidee lutee, Deks., a qua jam differt apotheciis minus lete tinctis et sporis brevioribus. Sed accedit differentia maxima spermogoniis proboscideo-cylindricis pallidis erectis (latit. 0:8-0'4 millim., erassit. circiter 0'2 millim.); spermatia breviter ellipsoidea vel subglobosa, longit. 0008-0:004 millim., crassit. 0002—0:003 millim. Overspreading decayed mosses on Pterocarpus indicus. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. 37. LECIDEA MALACCENSIS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albido-pallens, tenuis, sublevigatus; apothecia rufa plana superficialia mar- ginata (latit. circiter 0°5 millim.), intus incolori-pallida; spore Snæ, bacilliformes 7-septate, longit. 0:023-0*028 millim., crassit. 0:0035 millim. ; paraphyses graciles. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerulescens, dein luteo-violascens.— Species est e stirpe Lecidec bacillifere, Nyl. (facie vero fere Lecidee acerine, Pers.). On bark of trees. Malacca. 38. LECIDEA DISSIMULABILIS, Wyl., sp. n. Thallus sordide pal- lidus, tenuis vel tenuissimus, continuus, rugulosus aut sub- levis, obscure limitatus ; apothecia obscure rufa vel electrino- nigricantia, superficialia, plana, marginata (latit. circiter 0'5 millim.), intus concoloria; spore 8næ cylindraceo-bacilliformes 7-septate, longit. 0:024—0"028 millim., crassit. 0°0035 millim. ; epithecium incolor, hypothecium et perithecium electrina. Todo gelatina hymenialis bene csrulescens, cxrulescentia per- sistente.—Species facie fere Lecidee acerine, sed pertinens ad vieinam Lecideam bacilliferam. On Calophyllum inophyllum. Tanjong, Malacca. 39. LECIDEA suBBacuLIFERA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albido-flavi- cans, tenuiter inzqualiter crustaceo-obducens, rimosus; apo- thecia nigra planiuscula immarginata (latit. 0'5-0'8 millim.), intus obscura; spore 8næ incolores oblongo-cylindrice sub- baculiformes simplices, longit. 0°017-0°019 millim., crassit. 0:004 millim. ; paraphyses graciles non bene distincte, epithe- cium vage nigrescenti-obscuratum. lodo gelatina hymenialis bene cerulescens, dein obseurata.—Species forsan e vicinis Lecidee gelatinose, Floerke, inter europsas. Fragilis, facile destructa. On the ground. Pullow, near Malacca. 56 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REY. J. M. CROMBIE ON 40. LzcrpEA MICROPHYLLINIZA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus pallide luridus, sat tenuiter microphyllinus, squamulis subimbricatis, crenato-incisis, decumbentibus, confertis ; apothecia rufa super- ficialia plana marginata (latit. 0:4-0'6 millim.), intus pallida ; spore Sn: incolores aciculares, longit. 0:026—-0:038 millim., crassit. 0-001 millim. Jodo gelatina hymenialis cxrulescens, cerulescentia presertim thecarum satis persistente.—Species e stirpe Lecidee microphylline notis allatis distinguenda (cf. Nyl. L. Nov. Granat. p. 62). Amongst short decayed mosses on bark of trees. Pulo Undam, Malacca. 4l. LECIDEA vULPINA, Tuck. Nyl. On Nutmeg-trees. Near the waterfall, Penang. Very rare, fide Maingay. 42. LECIDEA MEDIOCRICULA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus cinerascens tenuis subleprosus ; apothecia nigra convexiuscula immargi- nata, intus concoloria ; spore Sne incolores ellipsoidez sim- plices minute, longit. 0:006-0:007 millim., crassit. fere 00035 millim.; epithecium subincolor, paraphyses gracilescentes, hy- potheeium crasse fuscum. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerules- cens.—Species hee accedere videtur ad Lecideam plebejam, Nyl., sed jam epithecio incolori distat. Apothecia latit. circiter 0°5 millim. On the trunks of trees. Malacca. Forming irregularly spread- ing patches, fide Maingay. 43. LECIDEA LEPRIEURIOIDES, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus tenuis subleprosus vel furfurellus ; apothecia sanguineo-ferru- ginea superficialia plana (latit. 08-12 millim.), margine nigro firmo ; sporz: Sn: incolores fusiformes 7-septate, longit. 0°020- 0:023 millim., erassit. 0'005 millim.; paraphyses graciles, hypo- thecium et perithecium nigra. Jodo gelatina hymenialis vinose fulvescens.— Affinis Lecidee Leprieurii, Mont., Nyl., Nov. Granat. p. 71, sed mox distinguenda sporis minoribus. Per- tinet ad stirpem Lecidee premnee. On old trunks, Allagajah, near Malacca. On Pterocarpus in- dicus, Tanjong, Malacca. The apothecia are occasionally in other specimens (and probably normally) pruinose. 44. LECIDEA CHLOROCONIA, Tuck. MSS. On Calophyllum ino- phyllum. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. As no diagnosis of this species, originally detected in New EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 57 England, has been published by Tuckerman, the following may here be given :— Thallus cinerascens continuus subopacus; apothecia nigra plana marginata, epithecio flavido-suffuso, intus obscura ; spore Snæ incolores fusiformes 3-septate, longit. 0014-0016 millim., crassit. 00085 millim. ; paraphyses mediocres ; epithecium lutes- cens; hypothecium fusco-nigricans. Iodo gelatina hymenialis vinose fulvo-rubescens.— Species est e stirpe Lecidee premnec mox distinguenda sporis parvis. Thalamium lamina tenui sub- lutescens. (JF. Nyl.) 45. LECIDEA TRIPHRAGMIA, Nyl. On old posts. Malacca. 46. GYROSTOMUM SCYPHULIFERUM, Ach.(?) On Pterocarpus indicus. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. Unfortunately there are no spores in any of the specimens, though they seem referable to this or some allied species of the genus. Tribe GnAPHIDEI. 47. GRAPHIS SCRIPTA, dch. On bark of trees. Singapore. Atypical. Var. SERPENTINA, Ach. On Cocoa-nut and Palms. Singapore. 48. Grapuis sopuistica, Nyl. On Calophyllum Inophyllum. Tanjong, Malacca. 49. GnAPHIS HETEROCARPA, Fée. On Palm-trees, Singapore. On Areca Catechu, Kassang, Malacca. 90. GnaPHIS ADTENUANS, Nyl., sp. un. Thallus albus tenuis rugu- losus; apothecia nigra obtecta linearia longiuscula flexuosa (longit. 1-3 millim.), tenuia (latit. 0°25 millim.), epithecio rimiformi; spore Sne incolores murali-divise, longit. 0°075- 0°100 millim., crassit. 0020—0:025 millim. (iodo cerulescentes) ; hypothecium incolor.—Forsan specie non differt a G. hetero- carpa apotheciis angustatis obtectis, sporis nonnihil minoribus. Thallus K vix reagens. Sed adest in Fidshi insulis species affinis, cui thallus K fere ferrugineo-cinnabarine tingitur et spore sunt nonnihil crassiores (dici possit Graphis heterocar- poides, Nyl.) | Accedit G. subserpentina, Nyl., Ceyloniensis. On trees. St. John's Hill, Malacca. Var. DETECTA, Nyl. Differt apotheciis denudatis, non obtectis. On Pterocarpus indicus. Bukit China, Malacca. 51. Grapnis ÅFZELII, Ach. On bark of trees. Singapore. LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XX. F 58 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON 52. Grapuis suBRIGIDA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus vix ullus visibilis ; apothecia nigra linearia rigentia, sat longa (longit. circiter 3-4 millim., latit. fere 0*5 millim.), prominula nuda, epithecio rimiformi ; thecæ monospore ; spore fuscescentes, cylindrico- oblong, murali-divise, longit. 0:115-0:145 millim., crassit. 0*026-0:030 millim. (iodo cerulescenti-obscurate) ; paraphyses guttulis oleosis insperse; hypothecium incolor.—Species, ut videtur, e stirpe Graphidis rigide, Fée. Perithecium obsolete semel striatulum. Comparari possit etiam cum Graphide flex- uosa, Nyl., e Philippinis, que vero sporas habet Snas. On Jack-fruit trees. Singapore. 53. Grapuis INUSTA, Ach. On the small branches of Anona. Government Garden, Malacca. 94. GRAPHIS CHRYSENTERA, Mont. (P On bark of old trees. Singapore. The specimens are old and without spores ; but are apparently referable to this species. 55. MEDUSULA rricosa (dch.). On Betel-Palms. Singapore. 56. OPEGRAPHA ADTINENS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus macula albida opaca indicatus ; apothecia nigra tenuia longiuscula flexuosa, epithecio rimiformi-angustato ; spore 8nze fusiformes 3-5-sep- tate, longit. 0'012-0:014 millim., erassit. 00035 millim.—Ac- cedere videtur ad Opegrapham vulgatam, sed spore breviores et spermatia oblongo-eylindrica (vel subfusiformia), longit. 0*004—0:005 millim., erassit. 0'001 millim. On aged trees, Tanjong, Malacca. On Anacardium occidentale, Bukit China, Malacca. 57. ARTHONIA CINNABARINA, Var. ADSPERSA (Mont.). On Areca Catechu. Kassang, Malacca. 58. ARTHONIA SPECTABILIS, Flot. On bark of trees, Allagajah, near Malacca. On Pterocarpus indicus, Tanjong, Malacca. 59. ARTHONIA SUBPOLYMORPHA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albus tenuissimus subfarinaceus; apothecia nigricantia (humida fus- cescentia), oblongo-difformia, conferta (latit. 03-05 millim.); spore Snæ (demum fuscescentes vel obscurate), oviformes, 3-septate, longit. 0°015-0'016 millim., crassit. 0'006 millim. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cærulescens, cerulescentia persis- tente.—Facie fere Arthonie polymorphe, Ach., sed ob apo- EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 59 thecia (presertim humida) fuscescentia ad stirpem A. varie (atrate, Feé) pertinens et notis allatis distinguenda. On old trees by the sea. Pulo Undam, Malacca. 60. ARTHONIA COMPLANATULA, WVyl., sp. n. Thallus albus, sub- farinaceus tenuissimus; apothecia nigra plana rotundata vel suboblonga (latit. 0'4-0°6 millim. ), immarginata, intus obscura ; spore Snæ incolores oviformi-oblongæ 3-septatæ, longit. 0'011- 0'012 millim., crassit. 0'004 millim. ; epithecium fusculum ; hypothecium infra leviter fuscescens. Iodo gelatina hymenialis luteo-fulvescens.—Facie externa fere Platygraphe periclee. Prope Arthoniam complanatam, Fée, disponenda, a qua differt mox sporis minoribus ete. On the bark of Angsana trees. Tanjong road, Malacca. 61. GnvPHIS HETEROCLITA, Mont. On Palms. Allagajah, near Malacca. 62. GLYPHIS LABYRINTHICA, Ach. On Betel-Palms. Singapore. 63. GuvPnurs crcATRICOSA, Ach. On Cocoa-Palms. Tanga Battu, Malacca ; Singapore. 64. GiyPHis OIRCUMPLEXA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus vix ullus visi- bilis ; apothecia nigra in stromatibus albidis depressis contorta, conferte serpentino-intricata, epithecio angustato-subpruinoso; spore 8n: fusce oblongæ seriebus 6-8 transversis 1-2-locula- ribus, longit. 0°023-0°027 millim., crassit. 0009—0-010 millim. (iodo non tinetz).—Species bene ab aliis jam sporis in loculos 2-3 divisis distinguenda. On Betel-Palms. Singapore. 65. CHIODECTON SUBSPILERALE, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus glaucescens tenuis opacus subleprosus ; apothecia in stromatibus albis pul- vinatis rotundatis aut oblongis (latit. 05-08 millim.), extus punctis nigris confertis indicata; spore 8næ incolores fusi- formes 3—5-septatz, longit. 0:016-0:017 millim., crassit. 0*0035 millim. Todo gelatina hymenialis vinose fulvo-rubens. On Horse-Mangoe trees. Tanga Battu, Malacca. Tribe PyRENOCARPEI. 66. VERRUCARIA MASTOIDEA (dch.). On thin bark. Pulo Undam, near Malacca. 67. VERRUCARIA EPAPILLATA, Nyl. On trunks of trees. Alla- gajah, Malacca. r2 60 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON 68. VERRRUCARIA SEXLOCULARIS, Nyl. On trees. Tanjong, Ma- lacca. 69. VERRUCARIA SANTENSIS, Tuck. On aged Angsana trees. Tanjong, Malacca. 70. VERRUCARIA GLABRATA, Ach. On branches of trees, Malacca. On bark, Tanjong Kling, Malacca. 71. VERRUCARIA SUBGLABRATA, Nyl. in O. Wright, Verr. Cub. no. 104. Similis Verrucarie glabrate, Ach., sed pyrenio dimi- diato ; spore longit. 0:015-0'018 millim., crassit. 0'008-0-011 millim.—On trunks of trees. Bukit Serindeh, Malacca. 72. VERRUCARIA DENUDATA, Nyl. On old bark of Calophyllum. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. 73. VERRUCARIA OCHRACEOFLAVA, f. NUDIOR, JVyl.; apotheciis magis supra denudatis convexis. On Calophyllum Inophyllum. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. 74. VERRUCARIA HETEROCHROA, Mont. On Lanjoot-trees. Ma- | lacca. Frequent (fide Maingay). 79. VERRUCARIA TRYPETHELIZANS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus vix ullus; apothecia dispositione subtrypethelioidea (latit. circiter 0°5 millim.), prominula (pyrenio subfuscescente); spore Sn incolores oblong 8-10-loeulares, longit. 0032-0038 millim., crassit. 0"010-0'011 millim.—Affinis Verrucarie concatervate (vide infra), sed apotheciis nudioribus, magis prominulis, plus minusve confluentibus, sporis paulo minoribus. Forsan revera Trypethelium. On stunted Angsana trees. Tanjong, Malacca. 76. VERRUCARIA TROPICA, Ach. On wild Lime-trees. Malacca and Singapore. 77. VERRUCARIA ELACTESCENS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus macula alba indieatus ; apothecia nigra convexiuscula (latit. 0:3—0:5 millim.), juniora subvelata, parte pyrenii immersa tenui nigra; spore Snæ incolores ellipsoidez murali-divise, longit. 0025-0035 millim., crassit. 0°012-0°015 millim. ; paraphyses graciles sat confertz..— Affinis Verrucarie lactee, Ach., a qua jam sporis majoribus differt. On Angsana trees. Tanjong Kling, Malacca. 78. VERRUCARIA AUGESCENS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus macula alba indicatus ; apothecia nigra convexa (latit. 05-06 millim.); spore 8&næ incolores, murali-divise (seriebus 2-4-locularibus EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 61 transversis 6-10), longit. 0°036-0°048 millim., crassit. 0'016- 0'018 millim.; paraphyses graciles conferte.—Similis Verru- caric elactescenti, sed nonnihil major et sporis majoribus. Facie fere V. glabrate. On bark of trees. Singapore. 79. VERRUCARIA MALACCITULA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus, tenuissimus, maculiformis ; apothecia nigra subpruinosa con- vexula, pyrenio dimidiatim nigro (latit. 0'5 millim. vel nonnihil minore); spore 8næ incolores oviformes 1-septate, longit. 0:026-0:036 millim., crassit. 0°012-0°016 millim.; paraphyses parcæ.—Species est e stirpe Verrucarie epidermidis arcte acce- dens ad Verrucariam ceyloniensem (Mass.), a qua differt apo- theciis nonnihil minoribus, sporis angustioribus ete. On thin bark of trees. Water Islands, Malacca. 80. VERRUCARIA SUBNECTENDA, Nyl., sp. n. Subsimilis Verru- carie subneze, Nyl., L. Andam. p. 22, sed sporis oviformibus septo magis versus apicem disposito, inde cellula apicali bre- viore quam superior multo tumidiore (longit. 0023-0032 millim., crassit. 0'012 millim.).—A ffinis est V. subnecce, que sporas habet nonnihil minus crassas et septo fere in medio disposito (longit. 0-023-0:032 millim., crassit. 0'010-0'011 millim.). Comparanda etiam V. anisomera, Nyl. in Wr. Cub. no. 105. On bark of trees. Pulo Undam, near Malacca. S1. TRYPETHELIUM SPRENGELI, Ach. On Pterocarpus indicus. Pullow, near Malacca. 82. TRYPETHELIUM VIRENS, Tuck. On thin bark of trees. Water Islands, near Malacca. 83. TRYPETHELIUM PLATYSTOMUM, Mont. On trunks of trees. Singapore. 94. TRYPETHELIUM NIGRITULUM, Nyl. On bark. Allagajah, near Malacca. Tribe PERIDIEI. 85. Enpococous EXOCARPELLUS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus proprius verisimiliter nullus; apothecia verrucaroidea, pyrenio nigro convexo prominulo subintegro (latit. 0°2-0°3 millim.); thecæ polyspore ; spore dilute nigrescentes oblong, longit. 0*005— 0'008 millim., erassit. 0°002 millim. Iodo gelatina hymenialis 62 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV, J. M. CROMBIE ON vinose rubescens.— Species thecis et sporis sicut in Endococco erratico, sed facie omnino alia (verrucarioidea). On bark of trees. Singapore. III. China. Family CorrEMACEr. Tribe CorrEMEr. 1. COLLEMA LrMOSUM, Ach. On bare earth. Shanghai. Family LrcuENACEr. Tribe RAMALINEI. 2. RAMALINA GRACILENTA, Ach. On rocks. Dockyard Island, Bay of Chefoo. Fertile. 3. RAMALINA POLLINARIA, f. HUMILIS, Ach. Hills near Ninghai. Sterile. Tribe Pryscret. 4. PHYSCIA ciLIARIS (L.) Amongst mosses on rocks thinly covered with earth. Ninghai. Fertile. A muscicole state with the lacinis shorter and more contiguous. . PHYSCIA STELLARIS (L.). On trees, near the Pagoda; and on granite posts near Shanghai. Fertile. 6. PrvscraA serosa (Ach.). On trees in plantations, fertile ; and on bricks, sterile. Near Shanghai. 7. PHYSCIA ADGLUTINATA, Floerke. On bark of trees. Near Shanghai. Fertile. 8. Puysora PICTA (Sw.) On trees between Shanghai and the Pagoda. Forma soREDIIFERA. On trees in plantations. Shanghai. Rarely fruiting, fide Maingay. Cx Tribe LECANOREI. 9. LECANORA (§ SQUAMARIA) SAXICOLA, Poll. On gravestones and on rocks. Near Shanghai. 10. LECANORA (§ SQUAMARIA) coccocarpropsis, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus subopacus tenuis (crassit. 01-02 millim.), laci- niato-lobatus, laciniis adnatis subradiantibus (latit. 1 millim. vel angustioribus), margine summo subreflexo; apothecia livido- rufescentia superficialia (latit. 05-09 millim.) margine thal- lino integro cincta; spore 8næ oblongo-ellipsoides, longit. EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 63 0*008-0:009 millim., crassit. 0*004—-0'006 millim. ; paraphyses gracilescentes. odo thece cerulescentes, dein vinose fulves- centes, Videtur Squamaria. Thallus K—, lobi apice rotundati. On rocks, Hills near Ninghai. Very sparingly fertile. 11. Lecanora (§ Pracoprum) CALLOPISMA, Ach. On rocks. Ninghai. 19. LECANORA CITRINA (Ach.). On mortar of walls. Near Shanghai. 13. LECANORA AURANTIACA (Lightf.). Ontrees. Near Ninghai. Sparingly fertile. An atypical state. 14. *Lecanora ERYTHRELLA, Ach. On granite rocks. Shanghai. 15. LECANORA VITELLINULA, Nyl. On brickwork and boulders. Shanghai. 16. LECANORA ERYSIBOPSIS, Nyl., sp. n. Similis Lecanore ery- sibe, scd mox differens gelatina hymeniali iodo cerulescente, cerulescentia persistente. Spore oblong:e vel ellipsoidez, longit. 0:011-0:016 millim., crassit. 0°004—0°005 millim.—Thallus cine- rascens tenuis subleprosus et subareolato-rimosus ; apothecia subfusca (latit. circiter 0'5 millim.), subbiatorina. On mortar of walls. Shanghai. 17. LECANORA COMPENDIOSA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus sub- opacus lævis frustulosus turgidus (crassit. circiter 1 millim. vel tenuior), parce rhagadiose rimosus, frustulis variis (latit. 3-6 millim.) subcontiguis, ambitu obsolete lobatulo; apothecia carneo-rufescentia superficialia (latit. 1-2 millim.), margine thallino integro cincta; spore 8ne ellipsoidez, longit. 0'010- 0'011 millim., crassit. 0"006-0:009 millim. ; paraphyses discrete fere mediocres; epithecium inspersum. lodo gelatina hyme- nialis cxrulescens, dein vinose fulvescens.— Species incerti loci systematici in genere suo, nam spermogonia non visa sunt. Esse possit vicina Lecanore galacting. Thallus K-. On rocks. Hills near Ninghai. Sparingly fertile. Associated with Z. coccocarpiopsis. 18. LECANORA ACHROA. Nyl. On smooth bark of trees. Shanghai. Var. PHÆACHROA, Nyl. Associated with the type. 19. LECANORA CARNULENTA, Nyl., sp.n. Thallus albidus grosse granulatus vel varians granulis subcrenatis (crassit. circiter 0°5 millim.); apothecia carnea superficialia (latit. 1-2 millim.), margine thallino integro (subflexuoso) cincta ; spore 8næ ob- 64 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON longs, longit. 0008-0011 millim., crassit. 0'004 millim. ; para- physes gracilescentes ; epithecium inspersum. Iodo gelatina hy- menialis cerulescens (cerulescentia subpersistente).— Videtur species ex affinitate Lecanore argopholis. Thallus K flavescens. On rocks near waterfall, Ninghai. Very sparingly, fide Maingay. 20. LECANORA CINEREA (Pers.). On rocks. Hills near Ninghai. A decolorate state. Tribe LECIDEFI. 21. LrcrpEA TRACHONOPSIS, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus cinerascens tenuis inequalis rimoso-diffractulus ; apothecia nigra adnata convexula immarginata (latit. 03-05 millim.), variantia mar- ginata, intus concoloria; spore 8næ incolores oblong 1-3- septate, longit. 0:009-0'015 millim., crassit. 0:003 millim. ; paraphyses gracilescentes ; epithecium vix vel vage et hypothe- cium crassum nigrescentia vel cerulescenti-nigrescentia. lodo gelatina hymenialis ezrulescens, cerulescentia persistente.— Species locum habens, ut videtur, prope Lecideam trachonam (Flot.). Hypothecium et epithecium acido nitrico rosello- tincta. Spermatia arcuata, longit. 0016-0018 millim., crassit. 0°0005 millim., quod recedit a L. trachona. On damp bricks. Shanghai. 22. LECIDEA TRITULA, Wyl., sp. n. Thallus albido-cinerascens tenuissimus vel evanescens; apothecia nigra plana margina- tula minuta (latit. 0-25 millim.), intus concoloria; spore 8næ incolores ellipsoidez simplices, longit. 0:010-0:012 millim., crassit. 0'006 millim.; paraphyses mediocres; epithecium et hypothecium fuscescentia. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerules- cens, dein violaceo-fulvescens (apice thecarum obscurius tincta). —Species versus Lecideam mediocriculam disponenda. Epithe- cium obscurius fuscescens quam hypothecium tenue (quod sepe solum luteo-fuscescens). On the bark of trees. Near Shanghai. 23. LECIDEA sUBAROMATICA, Vyl.,sp.n. Thallus albidus, fere mediocris (crassit. circiter 0°5 millim.) inequalis, rimoso-dif- fractus; apothecia nigra planiuseula subimmarginata, intus concoloria; spore 8næ incolores oblonge vel oblongo-bacil- lares, 3-septatz, longit. 0'018-0:024 millim., crassit. 0:004 millim. ; paraphyses gracilescentes ; epithecium nigrescens ; hy- pothecium fuscum (vel superius rufescens). Iodo gelatina hyme- EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 65 nialis cerulescens, dein cerulescenti-obscurata.—Species for- sitan e stirpe Lecidee aromatice, sin potius accedat ad Lecideam subincomptam, Epithecium acido nitrico violaceo-tinctum. On mortar upon the old ramparts of Shanghai. 24. LECIDEA ENTEROLEUCA, Ach. On the walls of Macao Fort, near Canton. Tribe GRAPHIDEI. 25. Grapnis SCRIPTA, Ach. On decaying timber, Shanghai. On trees, Confucian-temple garden, Shanghai. Var. RECTA (Humb.). On Peach-trees. Shanghai. Var. PULVERULENTA (Pers.). On trees. Mandarin’s garden, Kuhding, near Shanghai. 26. OPEGRAPHA SUBSIDERELLA, Nyl. On an aged Willow. Shanghai. 27. ARTHONIA CINNABARINA, var. ADSPERSA (Mont.). On Mag- nolia-trees. Shanghai. 28. LECANACTIS OBFIRMATA, JVyl.,sp.n. Thallus macula pallida indicatus ; apothecia nigra superficialia firma rotundata aut immixta oblonga vel variantia subflexa (latit. 0:3-0'5 millim.), firme marginata, intus concoloria; spore 8næ fusce, oblonge, submurali-divise (vel seriebus 8-10 transversis biloculose), longit. 0:027-0:080 millim., crassit. 0°009-0'011 millim. (iodo cerulescentes).— Comparanda cum Lecanactine serograpta (Spr.), Mont., que differt apotheciis suberumpentibus, tenuiter marginatis ete. On trees. Confucian-temple garden, Shanghai. Very rare, fide Maingay. Only a single small specimen gathered. 29. Guypnis CICATRICOSA, Ach. On trees. Confucian temple, Shanghai. 30. GLYPHIS FAVULOSA, Ach. On trees. Confucian temple. Tribe PYRENOCARPEI. 31. VERRUCARIA SANTENSIS, Zuck. On timber brought for sale from the interior to Shanghai. 32. VERRUCARIA NIGRESCENS, var. DEVIANS, JVyl. Differens thallo fusco, sporis minoribus (longit. 0*015-0'016 millim., crassit. 0007-0010 millim.). V. nigrescens var. deparca, Nyl., in Suecia, Gotlandia (lecta a Zetterstedt), differt thallo macro parum evoluto. On rocks. Near Shanghai. 66 DR. W. NYLANDER AND THE REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON 33. VERRUCARIA GLAUCINA, Ach. On mortar of walls. Shanghai. 94. VERRUCARIA PARIATA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus obscure olivaceo- nigrescens tenuis; apothecia pyrenio dimidiatim nigro (latit. 0:2-0:3 millim.) convexo ; spore 8næ, fusiformes 5-7-septate, longit. 0:030-0:034: millim., crassit. 0'006 millim.— A ffinis Ver- rucaric olivacee, Borr., a qua mox distat sporis erassioribus (in V. olivacea ea sunt crassit. 0:0035-0:0045 millim.). On Peach-trees. Shanghai. 35. VERRUCARIA NITIDA (Schrad.). On bark of trees. Shanghai. IV. Japan. Family EPHEBACEIL. Tribe Byssacet. 1. ScyroNEMA sp.? On moist rocks. Nagasaki. Sterile. Family COLLEMACEI. Tribe CoLLEMEI. 2. LEPTOGIUM TREMELLOIDES (L.) On Pine-trees. Nagasaki, Sparingly fertile. Family LICHENACEI. Tribe STEREOCAULEI. 3. SrEREOCAULON JAPPONICUM, Fr. fil. On rocks. Nagasaki. Sparingly fertile. Tribe CLADONTET. 4. CLADONIA DECORTICATA, Floerke. On the ground. Nagasaki. Only spermogoniiferous. Tribe RaMALINEI. 5. RAMALINA FARINACEA (L.) On trees. Yokohama. Very sparingly fertile. Tribe PARMELIEI. 6. PARMELIA TINCTORUM, Desfr. On trunks of trees and on roeks. Yokohama. Sterile. 7. PARMELIA CONSPERSA (ZÀhrh.) On rocks. Nagasaki. Sterile. Forma rsrprATA, Anzi. Along with the type, and sparingly fertile. 8. PARMELIA SUBCONSPERSA, Nyl. On maritime rocks. Nagasaki. Sparingly fertile. A larger and a smaller state. EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. 67 Tribe Puyscrkr. 9. Puyscra speciosa, Wulf. On Fir trees in the glens, near Nagasaki. Sparingly fertile. Also an isidiiferous condition. 10. Puyscra PrCTA (Sw.). On trees. Nagasaki. Tribe LECANOREI. 11. *LECANORA ERYTHRELLA, Ach. On rocks. Nagasaki. 12. LECANORA SUBGANGALIZA, Wyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus levigatus, satis tenuis (crassit. circiter 0'5 millim.), rimoso- diffractus ; apothecia nigra innata nuda margine thallino di- stincto, intus pallida; spore Sns ellipsoides, longit. 0:009— 0:012 millim., crassit. 0"005-0:006 millim.; paraphyses graci- lescentes ; epithecium cerulescenti sordide tinctum. Iodo gela- tina hymenialis cerulescens, cerulescentia persistente.—A ffinis et subsimilis Lecanore gangalize, Nyl., sed sporis nonnihil minoribus et reactione iodo effecta gelatine hymenialis alia. Thallus K flavens. Spermogonia non visa. On rocks. Nagasaki. 18. LECANORA ATRA, Ach. On walls. Nagasaki. Tribe THELOTREMET. 14. URCEOLARIA GYPSACEA, Ach. On marl Nagasaki. Tribe LECIDEEI. 15. CoccocanPrA MOLYBDZA, Pers. On old trunks. Nagasaki. Sterile and atypical, =f. vEGETIOn, “lobes broader, firmer.” 16. LEcrpkA MarNGAYENSIS, Cromb., sp. n. Thallus pallide juridus tenuis granulato-concrescens; apothecia rufa convexa immarginata (latit. 0:3-0'4 millim.), sepe aggregata; spore Sn oblonge simplices, longit. 0009-0012 millim. ; paraphyses non bene discretz; epithecium incolor; hypothecium sublutes- cens. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerulescens, dein subfulvescens. —Est e stirpe Lecidee vernalis vel parvifolia species notis allatis dignoscenda. On stumps of old Firs. Nagasaki. 17. LECIDEA ENTEROLEUCA, Ach., Nyl. On rocks. Nagasaki. 18. LECIDEA ENTEROLEUCELLA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus albidus tenuis conferte rimulosus ; apothecia nigra planiuseula subim- marginata (latit. circiter 0°25 millim.), intus albida; spore Snæ incolores ellipsoidex, longit. 0011-0:012 millim., crassit. 0:005—0-006 millim.; epithecium subnigrescens; paraphyses me- 68 ON EXOTIC LICHENS FROM EASTERN ASIA. diocres diseretze; hypothecium incolor. Iodo gelatina hymenialis bene cerulescens, dein obscurata (thece presertim tinetz).— Affinis Lecidee enteroleuce, Ach., jam vero minutie apothe- ciorum distincta. Epithecium acido nitrico rosello-tinctum. Spermatia arcuata, longit. 0"016-0:022 millim., erassit. 0*0005 millim. On rocks. Nagasaki. 19. LEcrpEA ALBUGINOSA, Nyl. in Flora, 1877, p. 227(?) On rocks in the bed of a rivulet. Nagasaki. The spores are not rightly evolute; but in general features as well as in habitat the specimens seem to agree with this species. 20. LECIDEA PREMNEA, Ach. On trees. Nagasaki. Common, fide Maingay. 21. LEcrpEA sTELLULATA, Tayl. On rocks. Nagasaki. Tribe GRAPHIDEI. 22. GnaPHIS SCRIPTA, Ach. On smooth bark and on branches of trees. Yokohama. Var. sERPENTINA (Pers.). On Mulberry-trees. Yokohama. 23. Grapuis INUSTA, Ach. On branches of trees. Yokohama. 24. ARTHONIA PUNCTIFORMIS, Ach. On thin bark. Nagasaki. Tribe PxnENOCARPEI. 25. VERRUCARIA CONCATERVATA, Nyl., sp. n. Thallus vix ullus; apothecia catervatim subtrypetheliiformia, innata, erumpentia, demum convexe prominula (latit. 0'2-0:4 millim.), pyrenio integre nigro; spore Sn: incolores oblonge vel oviformes, 10-loculares, longit. 0°040-0°052 millim., crassit. 0°012-0°015 millim.—Accedens ad Verrucariam catervariam, sed facie alia, apotheciis minus obductis. In V. pleiomera, Nyl., spor sub- similes, at apothecia non catervaria. Pyrenia latit. 03-04 millim. On bark of trees. Yokohama. 26. VERRUCARIA PORINOPSIS, Nyl. sp. n. Thallus albidus vel albido-subeinerascens tenuis continuus, papillis isidiosis exas- peratus; apothecia in papillis mastoideis (latit. 0'4 millim.), pertusarioideis, monohymeneis innata, incoloria (pallida); sport Snæ incolores, ellipsoideæ, fere pertusariamorphe, longit. 0°048- 0055 millim., erassit. 0'024-0:027 millim. ; paraphyses graciles lodo gelatina hymenialis vinose fulvo-rubescens.— Species MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM N.W. QUEENSLAND. 69 omnino propri» stirpis inter Verrucarias, sporis simplicibus, paraphysibus facieque pertusarioidea. Thallus gonidiosus. On Pine trees. Above Nagasaki. 27. VERRUCARIA NITIDA (Schrad.). On bark of trees. Yokohama. 28. TRYPETHELIUM SpRENGELII (Ach.). On bark of trees. Nagasaki. Notes on certain Plants of North-western Queensland dem valuable Medicinal Properties. By Wiit1am E. Arit, F.L.S., F.R.G-S. [Read November 2, 1882.— Abstract. ] AN intimate acquaintance with the habits and customs of our aborigines led me some years ago to attach considerable import- ance to the study of the plants in use among them for mediciual purposes. My subordinates were of great assistance to me in procuring plants, roots, and flowers which they averred were spe- cifics in several forms of disease; but I found that in very many cases faith alone was the curative agent, as the remedy, when exhibited to a European, failed to exert any beneficial change whatever. I found it extremely difficult to sift the evidence adduced in support of these statements, there being generally so much con- comitant superstition mixed up with the truth. Some plants, for instance, only retained their healing properties during the first week of the new moon. Others, again, were to be used at the full or last quarter. More could only be brought into requi- sition when growing in certain localities, as under rocks, on the summit of mountains, near a waterfall, or in a swamp. About this time I was astonished to find a native woman drying a quantity of Aristolochia which grew abundantly under the granite rocks near Dunrobin. This, she informed me, was useful in midwifery. The women of Yule Island use an indigenous plant—a species of Croton, I believe—for the purpose of procuring abortion ; but I have not met with the custom in Queensland in this shape. In the wet season of 1877-78 the patrol on the Ennasleigh river was constantly wet through, and spent a most miserable month swimming creeks and rivers, lying on wet ground, and 70 MR. W. E. ARMIT ON MEDICINAL PLANTS subsisting on half-cooked victuals, whenever we were fortunate enough to shoot a kangaroo or catch some fish. As a conse- quence fever and ague soon put in an appearance, rapidly fol- lowed by dysentery. I was fortunate in escaping both; but several troopers succumbed, and I found it difficult to proceed. My corporal told me that quinine was useless, and offered to show me a *bujdgeree" (splendid) plant which would stop the dysentery at once. He did so; and it proved to be the common Grewia polygama, Roxb., the seeds of which Leichardt mentions as producing a subacid drink when boiled. Collecting a quantity of the leaves, I returned to camp, and gave each of my patients about an ounce of the liquid decoction, which was of a pale sherry-colour. I repeated the dose every four hours throughout the night; and the sixth dose completed a radical cure. Since then I have tried this remedy in scores of cases ; and I have never known it to fail in any case, however serious. I have made it a rule to inform the carriers and travellers I meet of the sure cure they have always at hand, in case it may be required; and all are unanimous in extolling its truly magical properties. The importance of possessing a specific against the most insi- dious disease to which Europeans are subject in tropical coun- tries cannot be underrated ; and as the plant grows abundantly throughout N.E. and N.W. Queensland, it comes within the reach of all. It would be interesting to introduce it into general practice, and thus test its value either in extract, tincture, powder, or decoction. It is so plentiful—a very weed, in fact—that large quantities could easily be procured for experimental purposes ; and I shall be most happy to forward a supply of the dried plants to any gentleman wisbing to test its efficacy. My next discovery was due to a miner who had poisoned his hand while at work in a claim on the Etberidge Gold-fields. An ugly ulcer had formed on the knuckle of the third finger of his right hand; and it resisted every attempt he made to heal it. At last he came to me; and I prescribed iodide of potassium, a char- coal poultice, and total abstinence. One of my men brought me a branch of Careya arborea, Roxb, He proceeded at once to make a pulp of a quantity of the leaves, which I placed on the ulcer, forcing the pulp well into its FROM NORTH-WESTERN QUEENSLAND. 71 cavity. This poultice was renewed four times per diem; and in five days the ulcer had disappeared. I have tried this form of poultice several times since, and ever with the same result. As this small tree occurs in very many places throughout the colony, its properties are well worthy of being made public. Lrythrea australis, R. Br., I have found of use as a tonic in febrile complaints. Petalostigma quadriloculare, F. von Muell., is a useful remedy in fever, low or intermittent, ten-grain doses of the dried bark three times per diem often producing a favourable result. The ripe fruit, which is of a most intense bitterness, is a valuable vermifuge in horses. I have used it repeatedly, and with success, in my stud. Andropogon citreus, R. Br., makes a useful tea in fevers. I found it growing at the native wells—the easternmost source of the Burdekin river—situate on the telegraph-line between Cash- mere and Junction Creek. I know of two plants used by the aborigines for syphilitic disease ; but I have not been enabled to test their efficacy to my satisfaction; hence I refrain from re- cording them. No doubt many more valuable plants exist, and only require patience and intelligent research to test their value. Only a few months ago the Euphorbia pilulifera, L., was acommon weed, uncared for by any one. Now it is largely used by nearly all who suffer from asthma. Datura alba, Nees, a most poisonous plant, which grows on nearly all our northern rivers, proves fatal to numbers of horses and cattle every year. This plant is also valuable in asthma, but leaves a sensation of nausea and headache which is very distressing. The aborigines use several species of Malvaceous shrubs, obtain- ing a mucilaginous drink which proves beneficial in many cases. Roots are also used in this manner, being roasted, then pounded, and the mucilage sucked out of them. They havea rough method of obtaining the starch from seeds, roots, and bulbs, which they accomplish by pounding and trituration, allowing the starch- grains to settle on the bottom of a large ‘‘ cooloomen," or canoe- shaped basin. The water is then poured off, leaving a thick cake of hard starch which is baked into cakes. It resembles our arrowroot or corn-flour in substance, and is not at all unpalatable. 72 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON THE DISCOVERY Discovery of Tasmanian Plants near Adelaide, South Australia. By J. G. Orro Tepper, F.L.S. [Read December 7, 1882. ] In the early part of January 1882 I received an invitation from Prof. R. Tate to join in an excursion for the purpose of botani- cally examining a locality that had not been before visited, a request to which I cheerfully acceded ; and the following pages represent our joint results. This locality is situated some 40 miles south of Adelaide, among the low ranges covering the county of Hindmarsh (which forms a peninsula extending towards Kangaroo Island), and is almost in its centre, Starting from Willunga (30 miles S. of Adelaide), which Prof. Tate determined to be about 400 feet above sea-level, we crossed the Selliek's-Hill range, consisting of blue taleose shales and quartzites at a very high angle of elevation, and found the summit of the pass about 950 feet, the highest parts of the ridge rising perhaps 100-200 feet higher. The more elevated portion was covered by stringy-bark Eucalypts (Eucalyptus obliqua) and shrubs &c. similar to those about the capital. From here (2 miles E. of Willunga) the road descended gradually to the bed of the Meadows Creek, a watercourse of some length; but at this locality and time it did not show the least sign of water, or that a considerable body of water ever passed. This being undoubtedly the ease higher up, as we found subsequently by unmistakable signs, it must be inferred that the water finds its way under ground for some distance through the gravel and sand with which the valley is filled to an unknown depth. At a distance of 5-6 miles another ridge was crossed, evidently the watershed between St. Vincent’s Gulf and Encounter Bay with the Murray and its lakes. The road downwards on the E. decline followed the windings of a marshy rivulet with permanent fresh water, and scores of tiny springs oozing out into the drain alongside the road. The lower parts of the hillsides consisted of sands mixed with beautifully rounded pebbles of quartzite &c., presumably of Tertiary age. The vegetation here changed almost immediately, and almost at every step we met with plants rarely, or not at all, occurring nearer Adelaide. Thus Banksia OF TASMANIAN PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 73 ornata, Adenanthus sp., Drosera binata, Xyris operculata were observed, the two latter in full bloom. At about 9 or 10 miles from our starting-point, we arrived at our destination, a level marshy flat surrounded by weird-looking hills on all sides and a square mile or two in extent. The locality is uninhabited, and known locally by the term * Square Waterhole.” About 13 mile S.E. rises a steep hill, its summit formed by bare white rocks, from which it has received the name Mount Jagged. After arranging our camp we began collecting, and found this marsh to be as fine a representation of a South-Australian moor as could well be imagined. Consisting of black mould spread over fine white sand, as exhibited by some drains, it was densely overgrown by Sprengelia incarnata, Leptospermum lanigerum, and Melaleuca squamea in dense clumps, numerous Cyperacee and Juncaceæ intermixed with Utricularia dichotoma in thousands; while Lycopodium laterale, Schizea bifida, and Lindsaya linearis overspread the less grassy spots. Calostrophus lateriflorus and Patersonia longiscapa were very abundant in the very moist spots. Patersonia glauca, on the contrary, occupied drier spots along the margin. We were surprised to find many plants in full bloom, while at this late date scarcely any could be found in drier places, or had long passed it there. Owing to the exceptionally dry season the marsh was dry enough to allow us to cross it with care, after we had examined part of its S.W. edge, where we found several strong springs. Following a drain, &e., we succeeded without much ill adventure in getting to theoutlet on the N.E. side. What rather surprised us was, that at several places all appearance of water vanished, and some 100 yards further on the murmuring of a strong stream among dense bushes became audible; this occurred repeatedly, even in the narrow bed of the gully, through which the waters escaped towards the N.E. The lower hills surrounding the marsh consisted of Tertiary gravels and clays, the former exhibit- ing numerous symmetrically rounded and polished pebbles of older rocks in all sizes, but no fossils. Next day the hills to the south and Mount Jagged were ex- amined ; the latter was found by Prof. Tate to be about 1465 feet high, the edge of the Miocene about 2200 feet and that of the flat itself about 880 feet above the sea. The summit of Mount d consists of snow-white fine-grained quartzite of pre-Silu- the angle of dip being about or near 90°, with a strike G Jagge rian age, LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XX. 74 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON THE DISCOVERY nearly N.-S. It is overgrown with low Hucalypti (sp. indeter- minable), Casuarina distyla, and very dwarfish Banksia marginata, scarcely one of the latter being above 2 feet high, many less. Among the rocks at the summit we found Marianthus bignoni- aceus, Which near Adelaide is only observed in moist springy gullies. Eucalyptus obliqua forms open groups of forest on some of the other hills adjoining Mount Jagged. On a sandy hillside near its foot we found the curious Caustis pentandra sparingly among open scrub. Some 93 species of plants were collected by us during our short stay of less than two days, of which my speci- mens were, after our return, submitted to Baron F. v. Mueller, who determined them most courteously for me, the accompanying list presenting the result. Those marked by an asterisk are new to the province. Others were found N. from the Willunga road, where a succession of fine water-holes occurs, but no flowing water, accompanied by a much different vegetation. This locality has never before been examined at this season. The most important result obtained is, that among the plants collected at the Square Waterhole were 12 species new for this province, and hitherto only found in Tasmania. Ten of these belong to genera already represented here; but 2 genera, viz. Micrantheum hexandrum and Caustis pentandra, are also new. Meadows Creek, where I personally collected only thirteen species, added two more Tasmanian plants, viz. Hibbertia hirsuta and Carex inversa. Thus another point has been established eluci- dating the distribution of Australian plants, Prof. Tate having found several, inclusive of Micrantheum hexandrum and Caustis pentandra, lately at Kangaroo Island. The locality which was examined at Meadows Creek is a long valley, and from about a quarter of a mile to a mile wide, perfectly level, on the western side of which the imperfectly defined water- course is situated, chiefly marked by a chain of larger and smaller holes containing permanent fresh water. Large Red-gum trees (Eucalyptus rostrata) accompany them, replaced higher up on the hill-slopes by Æ. leucozylon and E. obliqua. The flat is covered a short distance from the bed with very dense clumps of Banksia mar- ginata, underneath which a dense covering is noted of Calastrophus (Jastigiatus ?), Lepidosperma laterale, and, near the water, large tussocks of Poa cespitosa, within which Carez inversa was found exclusively. Very close to the banks, on permanently moist ground, occurs in small patches the Cynodon sp. (No. 100), which OF TASMANIAN PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 75 I have seen rarely in flower, and then, as in the specimen sent, only with two or three spikes; while Cynodon Dactylon exhibits five, blooming annually and profusely along roads and dry hill- sides. Acacia (retinodes?) grows in large globular shrubs along the banks; and some bushes were observed with copious flowers and ripe fruit. Although not botanical, I may mention that while disturbing a large Poa tussock, one of the little Kangaroo-mice leaped out and was captured alive. It was a little creature, not more than about 2 inches in length of body, with a tail about 23 to 3 inches, and reddish-brown colour. On the whole, the vegetation was found almost wholly distinct from that of Square Waterhole, and very similar to scenery further north. Appended is the list of the plants collected, or which could be identified with certainty, exclusive of such as form a feature almost everywhere. List of Plants collected at Square Waterhole, Mount Jagged, Co. Hindmarsh, South Australia, 6—7th Jan. 1882, as identified by Baron Ferd. v. Mueller. PITTOSPORED. BURSARIA SPINOSA, Cav. Hills and drier parts of marsh; commencing to flower. MaRIANTHUS BIGNONIACEUS, F. v. Muell. On the summit of Mt. Jagged and adjoining hills, among quartzite rocks. Near Adelaide it occurs only near the bottom of moist dells. POLYGALER. CAMESPERMA CALYMEGA, Labill. Dry hills; only in bud. HyPERICINEX. HYPERICUM JAPONICUM, Thunb. Hills and marsh; flowers only about half as large as those near Adelaide. RUTACES. ZIERIA VERONICA, F.v. Muell. Small, erect shrub, 6-9 in. high. Neither flower nor fruit; leaves very strongly scented when bruised. On dry hill-side. RHAMNACEA. *Spyripium Gunn, Benth. (somewhat doubtful sp.). Tas- * The plants marked in the list with an asterisk are new to the Province. a2 76 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON THE DISCOVERY manian type. Species new for South Australia. Low shrubs on hills and dry flats; in bud only. CRYPTANDRA HISPIDULA, Jeisseck. Very small shrubs on gravelly, dry hills; rather numerous ; in flower. LEGUMINOS&®. GomPHoLoBiuM MINUS, Smith. Dry, rocky hill-sides; in full bloom and fruit; 3-6 inches; rather abundant. PHYLLOTA PLEURANDROIDES, F., v. Muell. Shrubs; rare, around edge of swamp, on drier sandy soil; in bloom. PULTENJEA VILLIFERA, Sieber. As the preceding. PULTENXA CANALICULATA, F. v. Muell. Spreading shrubs along edge of swamp, with cylindrical fleshy leaves. As the species of this name is well known to me elsewhere, but without the above character, and only flowers were here obtained, there is some doubt in respect of the identification. PULTENÆA, sp. No. 29. Small straggling shrubs in moist spots, with short linear leaves, very scanty yellow flowers, mostly apical, and very slender stem and branches. No fruit was ob- tainable. ACACIA RETINODES, Schlechtendal. Small trees and shrubs along water-courses; in flower only, no fruit seen. Differing sensibly in appearances from the species as found at Meadows Creek, but similar in form to Onkaparinga type. DRoOSERACER. DROSERA BINATA, Labill. Occurring numerously in the marsh and tributary water-courses wherever very moist; in full bloom, 6-10 in. HALORAGER. HALORAGIS MICRANTHA, R. Br. In marsh; numerous. HALORAGIS TEUCROIDES, DC. Under trees and shrubs on dry hill-sides. *MYRIOPHYLLUM AMPHIBIUM, Labill. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia; also occurring in the Onkaparinga river near Clarendon, as found by writer. It grows on mud left by the retreating water, germinating in December, and flowering in January and later. Myrraces. *BaECKIA DIFFUSA, Sieber. Tasmanian type. Species new for OF TASMANIAN PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 77 South Australia. In dale at foot of hills and swampy in winter. Minute shrub, always under shelter and hidden by Hibbertia shrubs. Very rare; and in flower only. LEPTOSPERMUM LANIGERUM, Aiton. Small-leaved variety ; forming dense thickets near the flowing or stagnant water; flowering profusely. MELALEUCA DECUSSATA, F. v. Muell. Near foot of hills and dry spots in swamp; dwarf form, from 3 inches to about 18; no larger were seen; rather rare here. Numerous and large, 5-6 feet, nearer Adelaide, along rivers. MzrALEUCA SQUAMEA, Labill. Rigid upright shrubs, forming dense thicket in moist parts of swamp ; 2-4 feet high. EUCALYPTUS OBLIQUA, D’ Héritier. Summits of hills. EUCALYPTUS COSMAPHYLLA, F. v. Muell. Dry hill-sides ; low shrubs. LYTHRACES. LYTHRUM THYMIFOLIUM, L. Around edge of marsh. ONAGRACE. EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM, L., var. PALLIDIFLORUM. In very moist swampy creek ; in flower. UMBELLIFER®. HYDROCOTYLE HIRTA, R. Br. Numerous on banks of earth in swamp. XANTHOSIA DISSECTA, Hook. f. On stony and sandy dry hill-sides; in bloom. RUBIACER. OrrncULARIA VARIA, R. Br. With the preceding; in fruit. COMPOSITE. CENTIPEDA ($ MYRIOGYNE) CUNNINGHAMI, F. v. Muell. Nu- merous in swamp. HELICHRYSUM OBTUSIFOLIUM, Muell. & Sander. Dry gravelly hills ; a few still in flower. HELICHRYSUM BLUNDOWSKIANUM, Steetz. Associated with Banksia armata ; in flower. HELICHRYSUM SEMIPAPPOSUM, DC. Hills, among shrubs; rather scarce; in flower. ERECHTHITES ARGUTA, DC. In a very moist creek ; rare. 78 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON THE DISCOVERY STYLIDIEX. STYLIDIUM GRAMINIFOLIUM, Sw. Very numerous and luxu- riant in swamp, and in full bloom, while elsewhere long ago past it. GOODENOVIER. GoODENIA GENICULATA, R. Br., var. LANATA. On dry and rocky hill-sides; 1-2 in. in size. SCÆVOLA ÆMULA, R. Br. Among Cyperaces in forest on summit of hills; rare; in flower. CAMPANULACER. LOBELIA MICROSPERMA, F. v. Muell. Dry hill-sides ; in bud. LOBELIA ANCEPS, Thunb. Everywhere in swamp, where dry. LOBELIA PEDUNCULATA, R. Br. On edge of water, not common. EPACRIDES. STYPHELIA HUMIFUSA, Labill., var. DENTICULATA, F. v. Muell. On dry hill-sides, just beginning to flower. I think this “var.” is entitled to rank as a species. STYPHELIA concurva, F. v. Muell. Only among quartzite rocks near summit of hills ; a few yet in flow er. ACROTRICHE SERRULATA, R. Dr. On dry hill-sides; in bud. *BRACHYLOMA CILIATUM, Benth. Tasmanian type; species new for South Australia. Low shrub, 6-9 in. ; rare on dry stony hills ; beginning to flower. SPRENGELIA INCARNATA, Smith. Forming dense thickets in moister parts of swamp; 2-3 feet high; in flower and ripe fruit. SCROPHULARIACEF. EvrnunasrA Browni, F. v. Muell. On dry hill-sides, very dwarf. The form in the marsh much larger, a few specimens still flowering, most in fruit ; the flower of latter white outside, interior nearly all yellow, which is not the case where occurring in serub and had not been observed before by me. LENTIBULARIACES. UTRICULARIA prCHOTOMA, Labill. Very numerous in swamp and in full bloom ; 2-9 in. high ; flower purple, but some were seen perfectly white. OF TASMANIAN PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 79 POLYGONACE®. PorvaoNvM minus, Hudson. In dense thickets of Melaleuca &e., in very moist marshy rivulet; rare. PROTEACE®. ADENANTHUS TERMINALIS, R. Br. No specimen brought home; thus the species is doubtful, as the plant usually is prostrate, but the form noticed here grows upright, with the branches in whorls almost at right angles to stem; height 1-3 feet, on dry and rocky hills; no prostrate form was seen. In flower. PERSOONIA JUNIPERINA, Labill. On dry and stony hill-sides ; in full flower. HAKEA rostrata, F. v. Muell. Plentiful in swamp and on hill-sides. BaNKSIA MARGINATA, Cav. Dwarf form, from 1-3 feet high only ; on rocky hill-sides. Banksia ORNATA, F. v. Muell. Sandy moist rises near the edge of marsh. It occurs only on Tertiary sands and gravels, and is very local, but then gregarious. EUPHORBIACE®. *MICRANTHEUM HEXANDRUM, Hook. f. Originally known only from Tasmania ; and the genus is new for South Australia. On dry gravelly hills; in fruit only. Small shrub, 3-4 inches high. PARANTHERA ERICOIDES, Klotzsch. At same locality as the preceding, 6-12 in. high. Few plants in bloom, most in fruit only. *BARONIA PARVIFLORA, Smith. "Tasmanian plant; species new to South Australia. On edge of marsh; low shrubby plant, 4-6 in. high ; under other shrubs ; not abundant. Correa SPECIOSA, Andrews. Low shrub. Variety with rather fleshy leaves, very hairy and dark brown on the underside. No flowers or-fruit noticed. MONOCOTYLEDONES. ORCHIDEA. PRASOPHYLLUM PATENS, R. Br. Numerously in flower in swamp, while elsewhere it had disappeared long before. 80 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON THE DISCOVERY InrprER. PaTERSONIA GLAUCA, R. Br. On dry sandy rises around edge of swamp; numerous there; only in fruit; leaves cylindrical. PaTERSONIA LONGISCAPA, Sweet. Dwarf variety. In wet parts of swamp ; numerous ; in flower and fruit. LILIACES. THYSANOTUS DICHOTOMUS, R. Br. On hill-sides under shrubs ; in full bloom, or fruiting. TRICORYNE ELATIOR, R. Br. In sandy dry localities; flowers much smaller than those seen before. XYRIDIEE. Xxnis oPERCULATA, Labill. Numerous in swamp where very wet; 2-3 feet high ; in full bloom. JUNCACEX. JUNCUS PLANIFOLIUS, R. Br. Juncus CXSPITOSUS, E. Meyer. Juncus BUFONIUS, L., and a variety. All in the moister parts of the swamp. NAIADEE. TRIGLOCHIN STRIATA, Ruiz d Pavon. Rare; along edge of drain. CENTROLEPIDEE. CENTROLEPIS FAsCICULARIS, Labill. Along edge of drains; scarce. RESTIACER. CarnasrRoPHUs ($ HYPOLÆNA) rasTIGrATUS, F, v. Muell. Around edge of swamp. *CALOSTROPHUS LATERIFLORUS, F. v. Muell. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia. Gregarious in moister parts of swamp ; 1-3 feet high. CYPERACE E. *CYPERUS GRACILIS, R. Dr. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia. Rather scarce, along drains ; a very pretty little plant, 2-3 in. high. Scirpus INUNDATUS, Spreng. var. *ScHGNUS TENUISSIMUS, Hook. f. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia. Rare, in drier parts of the swamp. OF TASMANIAN PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 81 CLADIUM GLOMERATUM, R. Br. CLADIUM TETRAQUETRUM, Hook. f. *CLADIUM SCHGNOIDES, R. Br. Tasmanian type; species new for South Australia. Numerous in drier patches in and close around swamp. CrADIUM JUNCEUM, R. Br. *CAUSTIS PENTANDRA, R. Br. Tasmanian type. Genus new for South Australia. On sandy dry hill-side among shrubs in single plants ; rather scarce, 1-13 feet high ; in fruit. GRAMINER. EraGrostis BROWNII, Kunth. AGROSTIS QUADRISETA, R. Br. Poa CÆSPITOSA, Forster, var, All in and around swamp where rather dry. ACOTYLEDONES. LYCOPODIACEE. *LYCOPODIUM LATERALE, A. Br. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia. Numerous in moist parts of swamp; 1-10 in. high ; in fruit. FILIces,. ScHIZEA BIFIDA, Swartz. LInDSAYA LINEARIS, Swartz. Bothnumerously associated with the Lycopodium and Utricularia. PTERIS AQUILINA, L. Hill-sides in patches. LOMARIA CAPENSIS, Willdenow. Along a creek escaping from swamp. ASPLENIUM FLABELLIFOLIUM, Cav. Near edge of swamp and creeks. Meadows Creek, January 1882. *HIBBERTIA HIRSUTA, Benth. Tasmanian type. Species new for South Australia. Small prostrate shrub on flat, under Bank- sia-trees; only seen in fruit; rare. MrnzroPHYLLUM vARIIFOLIUM, Hook. f.; CALLISTEMON coc- cINEUS, F. v. Muell.; HYDROCOTYLE ASIATICA, L.; Erynerum vESICULOSUM, Labill.; POTAMOGETON, sp. (probably P. natans) ; Juncus PAUCIFLORUS, R. Br. ; CENTROLEPIS ARISTATA, Roem. & Schultes; and LEPIDOSPERMA LATERALE, A. Br., var. linearis. 82 REV. J. M. CROMBIE ON THE *CAREX INVERSA, R. Br. Tasmanian type; species new for South Australia. In flower and fruit; rare. Cynopon, sp. (Dactylon, Richard? var. ?), and SELAGINELLA PnEISSIANA, Spring. Rare. The following plants, not included in the list, were reserved for further examination &c. by Baron F. von Mueller, viz. :— Cladium sp., no. 80; Carex sp., no. 93 (meadows) ; Xerotes sp., no. 77; Chara sp., no. 95; Tremella sp., no. 102 (meadows) ; and Hypnum sp., no. 32. Additions to the Lichens of the ‘Challenger ' Expedition. By the Rev. J. M. Cromaie, F.L.S. [Read December 21, 1882.] Tue following Lichens from different localities visited by the ‘Challenger, which were inadvertently placed in the packets containing Mosses &c., have to be added to those previously ` enumerated by me in Linn. Soc. Journ., Bot. vol. xvi. pp. 211-231. Teneriffe. 1. STEREOCAULON SPIJEROPHOROIDES, Tuck. On volcanic rocks. Well fertile. 2. CLADONIA PYXIDATA, var. CHLOROPHMA, Floerke. On the ground amongst mosses. Sterile. 3. Usnea FLORIDA (Z.). On small branches of trees. Sterile. 4. PARMELIA PERLATA (L.). On decayed branches of trees. Sterile. 5. PARMELIA PERLATA, var. CILIATA (Scher.). Amongst mosses on rocks. Sterile. 6. LoBARIA PULMONARIA (Z.). On trees. Sterile. . PELTIGERA CANINA, var. MEMBRANACEA (dch.). On the ground amongst mosses. Fertile. -I 8. PELTIGERA RUFESCENS, Hoffm. On the ground amongst mosses. Fertile. 9. NEPHROMIUM LÆVIGATUM (Ach.). On trunks of trees. Fertile. LICHENS OF THE ‘ CHALLENGER’ EXPEDITION. 83 10. PHYSCIA LEUCOMELA, var. ANGUSTIFOLA, Mey. Y Flot. On rocks. Sterile. Bermuda. 1. *CLapoNIA PUNGENS (Floerke). On the ground. Sterile. Island of Ascension. 1. Puyscra FLAVICANS (Sw.). On rocks. Sterile. 2. PHYSCIA LEUCOMELA, var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Mey. & Flot. On the ground amongst rocks. Sterile. Patagonia. 1. LADINA SYLVATICA, var. PYCNOCLADA (Pers.). On the ground. Otway Harbour. Sterile. 2. STICTA URVILLEI, var. ORYGMJEOIDES, Wyl. On trunks of trees. Otway Harbour. Fertile. Philippine Islands. 1. LEPTOGIUM TREMELLOIDES (L.) On trees. Malanipa Island. Fertile. 2. AsCIDIUM MONOBACTRIUM, Nyl. On thin bark. Malanipa. Lzcor»gA MosELEYr, Cromb., sp. n. Thallus cinerascens, tenuis, rugulosus, continuus; apothecia nigra, superficialia (latit. 1-2 millim.), immarginata, sspe subplacoide, obsolete radiatim insculpta, intus obscura; spore 8næ, incolores, fusi- formes, 3-septatz, longit. circiter 0'026 millim., crassit. 0:007 millim. ; epithecium lutescens; hypothecium luteo-fuscescens. Iodo gelatina hymenialis cerulescens, dein fulvescens.—Species distincta e stirpe Lecidee premnee. On the ground. Camigain Island. 4. Grapuis ArzELI, Ach. On branches. Malanipa. 5. GnaPHIS SCRIPTA, f. PULVERULENTA, Ach. On thin bark. Malanipa. 6. VERRUCARIA HETEROCHROA, Mont. On trunks of trees. Ma- lanipa. 7. TRYPETHELIUM SPRENGELII, Ach. On bark. Malanipa. 84 MR. J. G. O. TEPPER ON A MALFORMATION OF Remarkable Malformation of the Leaves of Beyeria opaca, F. v. Muell., var. linearis (Bentham, Flora Austr. vi. 65). By J. G. Orro TrprÉn, F.L.S. [Read November 2, 1882.] (Puate XXI.) Nom having met with any deseription of the remarkable shapes into which the narrow linear leaves of the plant are transformed, of which the accompanying figures will give a faithful idea, and at a time when few observers are in the field it is hoped that the following notes will be of interest. The typical form of Beyeria opaca, F. v. Muell. (Euphorbiacez), is found in a narrow belt along the eastern coast of St. Vincent's Gulf, as a low spreading shrub 12-3 feet high, seldom or never occurring away from the direct influence of the sea-breeze. Its leaves are narrow, and scarcely above half an inch in length. The flowers appear in May and June, and are very numerous. On the opposite shore, along the coast of Yorke's Peninsula, it occurs likewise in like character at the lower levels ; but further from the sea, near the summits of the low hills, its place is taken by a species or variety closely resembling in habit &c., if not identical with, the much taller B. viscosa, attaining a height of 5—6 feet. Neither of the above two species has been noticed by the writer on the banks of the Onkaparinga river (which, rising east- ward of Adelaide in the Mount-Lofty range, falls into St. Vincent's Gulf about 16 miles south of Adelaide); but a near relation, B. opaca, F. v. Muell., var. linearis, occurs among the vegetation lining the watercourse. In appearance it is quite distinct from the first two named, and apparently does not occur intermixed with them. Its mature leaves are 12-2 inches long, and about one line wide, linear, the extremity obtuse, margin recurved, and the narrow spaces between the midrib and the margin white with minute pubescence ; the lateral ribs are undistinguishable. The flowers are not so fleshy as those of the former, and fewer; the peduncle and calyx are much longer and more attenuated ; and their flowering-season is in September and October. Moreover the habit is very different, the stem and branches being straight, slender, erect, and attaining a height of 3—4 feet and more. For these reasons the plant may probably be held to have a claim to specific rank. THE LEAVES OF BEYERIA LINEARIS. 85 A short time ago a peculiar look about its foliage attracted attention, it appearing to be plentifully interspersed with large greenish flowers! On examination it turned out that these pseudo-floral shapes were nothing but very curiously regular malformations of the leaves, bearing some resemblance (especially where the plant is dwarfed) to some papilionaceous flowers with the wings removed, and also to the galea of certain species of Pterostylis. The midrib of the leaf is strongly developed and recurved to- wards the stalk ; the margin has evidently been retarded in growth, but, on the contrary, the space between it and the midrib greatly extended, viz. from 3-10 times its dimension, over which the lateral ribs extend in the normal leaf, also strongly developed. Thus a kind of inverted pitcher is produced, whose trumpet-shaped opening is turned downwards or sideways, never upwards. (See figs. 1-4.) Their size varies according to age, development, &c., but ranges between 4 and ? of an inch in length, and about one third of that measure in the other directions. Their pale green to light yellow tint contrasts well with the dark glabrous green of the upper, and the white of the lower surfaces of the leaves, and renders them very conspicuous, while strongly marked ribs render their resemblance to an orchidaceous flower rather striking. It 1s to be noticed, however, that the interior shows scarcely any trace of the ribs. I cannot remember having ever noticed similar regular malformations of the leaves in the two other forms of Beyeria mentioned above; it appears therefore that they are peculiar to Beyeria linearis. What causes them? Apparently a minute fungus inhabiting the interior, and therefore the protected part, of the pitcher. Ex- amining this, there may be noticed a delicate whitish dust, as if it were slightly sprinkled with flour. The most deeply seated por- tions in some specimens are also seen to be thickly covered with microscopic threads crossing each other at and near right angles (somewhat resembling spiders’ web), and entangling in great num- bers rod-like brownish-yellow spores scarcely visible even under a magnifying power of above 100. The length of these spores exceeds the width; and the ends are not rounded, but sharply angular. Seraping a minute portion of the surface outside of the area where this web predominated (say =’; of an inch) and submit- ting it toa magnifying power of about 220, the whole field of 86 MALFORMATION OF THE LEAVES OF BEYERIA LINEARIS. the microscope presented a maze of most beautiful mycelium, the extending branches of which seemed invariably to bifurcate at an angle of (or near) 60?, with short ones, consisting of one to several celis, at right angles to the main direction. The more slender portions of the * stem" and most of the branches showed a distinct bead-like cell-strueture, while in the wider parts the cells appeared to have joined consecutively by absorption of the adjoining cell-wall. An outer and inner in- tegument could be plainly discerned, and an irregular canal extending within the latter, filled with the brownish-yellow rod- like bodies noted above as entangled among the threads of the web mentioned (or something extremely similar, but much smaller). The prevailing form of the cells appeared to be that of a trape- zium ; but rhombic and hexagonal forms were by no means rare. The works of reference at my command are not sufficient to determine even the genus ; thus I am unable to assign a name to this remarkable object, but hope that the sketch and the accom- panying specimen will suffice to enable one of the distinguished mycologists of the Linnean Society to assign a suitable appella- tion to it. If new, I would beg to suggest to name it specifically after my highly valued friend Mr. Thomas D. Smeaton, of Adelaide, who has most unobtrusively for many years promoted micro- scopical studies very assiduously, and to whom I am very much obliged for placing a valuable microscope at my command. [JVote.—The sketch and specimen sent by the author were insufficient to determine the fungus; the former is therefere omitted. | DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXI. Fig. 1. Branchlet of Beyería opaca, F. v. Muell, var. lincaris, showing the peculiar flower-like malformations of the leaves in various stages and positions; slightly enlarged. Fig. 2. Single form, lateral view, x2. Fig. 3. The same as seen from above, X2. Fig. 4. The same from below, X3. The drawings were made from fresh specimens by the author. ON THE FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 87 Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar.—Part I. Polypetale. By J. G. Barn, F.R.S., F.L.S. [Read November 16, 1882.] (Puates XXII. & XXIII.) DunrsG the last few years our resident English collectors have worked energetically in the exploration of the botany of Mada- gascar, principally of the elevated central provinces. In the * Journal of Botany’ for 1882 I described a selection of the prin- cipal novelties sent home by the Rev. R. Baron and Dr. Parker up to the autumn of 1881. Since that date several fresh boxes have arrived from Mr. Baron, carrying up his eollecting-numbers to above 2100; and Dr. Parker, who is now in England on account of his health, has brought home a considerable quantity of additional material. The present paper contains a notice of the most interesting Polypetale which these new contributions include, with a few additions from other sources. Type specimens of all the novelties described will be found in the Kew Herba- rium, and a large number of them also at the British Museum; and I hope at some future time to deal with the Monopetale, Incompletz, and Monocotyledones of the same collections. THALAMIFLORE. CLEMATIS DISSECTA, N. sp. Scandens, ramulis gracillimis apice pilosis, foliis trifidis petiolatis seg- mentis deltoideis decompositis lobis ultimis parvis linearibus acutis, flori- bus solitariis axillaribus longe pedunculatis, pedunculis folio subequilongis, sepalis oblongis margine tomentosis, staminibus quam flos duplo brevi- oribus, carpellis dense albo-pilosis. A climbing shrub, with very slender branchlets, pilose only towards the tip. Leaves opposite, petioled, tripartite, glabrous, each division deltoid, under an inch long and broad, with a petio- lule nearly as long as the lamina, the ultimate segments lanceo- late, acute, j-Lin.long. Flowers solitary, on ascending axillary peduncles about as long as the leaves, with a small compound bract below the middle. Sepals oblong, above 3 in. long. Sta- mens half as long as the sepals; filaments flattened, pilose ; anthers oblong. Carpels in the flowering stage as long as the stamens; the ovary and lower part of the style densely pilose. LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XX. H SS MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE Fruit unknown.—Central Madagascar, Baron 2037! Allied to C. pimpinellifolia, Hook. Ic. t. 77, amore robust plant with much less compound leaves, known only in the fruiting stage (Lyall 108). I feel satisfied that Tildebrandt’s 8062, referred by Hoffmann to C. grata, Wall., is quite distinct from the Indian species. WORMIA ARTOCARPIFOLIA, n. Sp. Arborea, ramulis glabris, foliis longe petiolatis late oblongis obtusis basi rotundatis obscure serrulatis utrinque viridibus facie glabris dorso obscure sericeis venis primariis rectis erecto-patentibus 9-10-jugis, floribus 6-8 in spicas densas scorpioideas pedunculo sericco dispositis, sepalis obovatis obtusis dorso sericeis, petalis obovatis, antheris linearibus filamento brevi applanato, carpellis circiter 10 angustis. A tree, with moderately stout woody terete branchlets. Pe- tiole about 3 in. long ; blade 6-9 in. long, 4—5 in. broad, rounded at both ends, thick and coriaceous in texture, green and quite glabrous on the upper surface when mature, obscurely silky mainly on the erecto-patent main veins beneath, the main veins connected by fine oblique distinct anastomosing veinlets. Flowers 6-8, in a close terminal unilateral scorpioid spike, on a silky peduncle 1-2 in. long, seen in the bud-stage only. Sepals 3 in. long, much imbricated, rigidly coriaceous, very obtuse, silky on the back. Petals obovate. Stamens very numerous, uniform, as long as the petals, with long linear anthers and short free flattened filaments. Carpels about 10, seen only in a very young state. —Forest between Tankay and the east coast, 40 miles from the latter, Baron 1596! TETRACERA PAUCIFLORA, 1. Sp. T. ramulis pilosis, foliis subsessilibus oblanceolato-oblongis obtusis inte- gris rigide coriaceis utrinque parce pilosis, floribus 1-3nis terminalibus, sepalis 4 late oblongis glabris, petalis oblongo-spathulatis calyei aqui- longis, fructu folliculari piloso. A woody climber, with slender branchlets, pilose towards the tip. Leaves alternate, with a short petiole winged down to the base, 2-3 in. long, #-1 in. broad above the middle, obscurely pilose on both surfaces, with 5-G-jugate ascending parallel main veins distinct nearly to the margin. Flowers terminal, shortly peduneled, solitary or capitate. Sepals 4, 1 in. long, 1 in. broad, much imbrieated, persistent, densely pilose inside, Petals not FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 89 protruded beyond the sepals. Filaments unequal in length, gla- brous, filiform, club-shaped at the tip. Follicles 4, pilose, oblong, rigidly coriaceous, 3 in. long, tipped with the straight indurated persistent style.—Majunga, on the west coast, Commodore Wyke- ham Perry, gathered in July 1879. Allied to T. Boiviniana, Baillon in Adansonia, vii. 300, t. 7. ALSODEIA ARBOREA, Thouars. This has been refound by Mr. Baron (1609) in woods between Tankay and the east coast. It is fully described by Tulasne in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 5, vol. ix. p. 309. Celastrus nossibeus, O. Hoffm. Sert. Madag. p. 12, founded on Hildebrandt’s no. 3176, is cer- tainly not a Celastrus, but an Alsodeia, and, I believe, identical with A. squamosa, Boivin; Tulasne, loc. cit. p. 307. PoLYGALA MUCRONATA, n. sp. Perennis, caspitosa, ramulis brevibus breviter pilosis, foliis breviter petiolatis orbiculari-oblongis obscure pilosis obtusis mucronatis, racemis laxis paucifloris terminalibus, bracteis caducis, pedicellis calyci subzequi- longis, sepalis oblongis omnibus viridibus, alis exterioribus sepala duplo superantibus, carina lata apice cristata alis paulo longiore, capsula orbiculari. A minute densely tufted perennial herb, with slender shortly pilose ascending or spreading stems, not more than 2-3 in. long. Leaves j in. long, shortly petioled, moderately firm in texture, dull green, minutely pilose on both surfaces. Racemes 5-6- flowered, the lower flowers from the axils of fully developed leaves. Inner sepals oblong, mucronate, j in. long, white-edged, just like the outer in texture and colour. Keel very broad, Lin. long, red-purple, copiously crested at the tip. Capsule orbicular, not seen fully developed.—Central Madagascar, Baron 2147! Allied to P. irregularis, Boiss. PoLYGALA EMIRNENSIS, Baker. Perennis, glabra, ramis elongatis gracillimis, foliis lanceolatis brevissime petiolatis, racemis terminalibus multifloris laxis subsecundis, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteis minutis deltoideis persistentibus, alis obovatis peta- loideis rubellis quam sepala exteriora 3-4plo longioribus, carina alis æqui- longa apice cristata, capsual obovata emarginata. A densely-tufted perennial herb, with very slender trailing or ascending stems 6-9 in. long. Leaves nearly sessile, 1-1 in. long, narrowed to both ends, moderately firm in texture, 1-nerved, bright green, glabrous. Racemes free from the leaves, moderately n 2 90 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE dense, about an inch long; pedicels very short; bracts minute, deltoid. Outer sepals oblong, obtuse, green, white-edged, 2 line long; wings 2 in. long, obovate-unguiculate, nearly white, with a green keel and two faint green inarching nerves. Keel pinkish, not longer than the wings, densely fimbriated at the tip. Cap- sule obovate, not scen fully mature.—Central Madagascar, Baron 2123! A near ally of P. abyssinica, Fresen., and P. leptalea, DC. SYMPHONIA (SCunysoprra) MErLEmr, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis crassis, foliis subsessilibus obovatis obtusis basi cuneatis rigide coriaceis venis crebris subtilibus erecto-patentibus, floribus termi- nalibus umbellatis, bracteis magnis obtusis, pedicellis crassis flori æqui- longis, calycis magni segmentis orbicularibus valde imbricatis, disco quam calyx duplo breviore, dentibus staminiferis lanceolatis quam tubus duplo brevioribus, stigmatibus elongatis cylindrieis erecto-patentibus. An erect tree 20-40 feet high, glabrous in all its parts, with thick straight woody ultimate branchlets, with grey epidermis. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, very obtuse, thick and rigidly coriaceous, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, with fine close erecto-patent simple or forked veins visible on both surfaces. Flowers in whorls of five or six at the tip of the stout branchlets, surrounded by a whorl of obovate or sub- orbicular bracts 3-3 in. long; pedicels about 2 in. long, straight, stout, erect, articulated at the base. Calyx din. long; segments suborbicular, much imbricated. Petals pink, fleshy, orbicular, under an inch long. Disk eupular, half as long as the calyx. Stamens united in a tube 4 in. Jong, with 5 lanceolate segments half as long as the tube. Style with 5 erecto-patent forks l in. Jong.— Between Tamatave and Antananarivo, in marsh-lands by a river, Dr. Meller, gathered in 1862. SYMPHONIA ($ CHRYSOPIA) PAUCIFLORA, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis gracillimis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acumi- natis subcoriaceis venis crebris subtilibus erecto-patentibus, floribus soli- tariis axillaribus et terminalibus flor subzquilongis, calycis parvi seg- wentis ovatis valde imbricatis, disco cupulato calyci subzequilongo, dentibus stamineis lingulatis quam tubus 2-3plo brevioribus, lobis stigmatosis brevibus stellatim patulis. An erect tree, glabrous in ali its parts, with very slender straight branehleis. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, 13-2 in. long, 3 in. broad at the middle, deltoid at the base, narrowed gra- dually into along point, subcoriaceous, with fine close erecto- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 91 patent veins connected by a vein just within the margin. Flowers solitary, on erecto-patent slender axillary or terminal pedicels 3-2 in. long. Calyx i in. long, 1 in. broad; segments coriaceous, obtuse, much imbricated. Stamens with a cylindrical tube } in. long, and 5 lingulate lobes bearing 3 anthers each. Stigmatic lobes oblong-lanceolate, stellately patent, not more than j line long.— Woods between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1526 a! SYMPHONIA (§ CiinYsoPIA) EUGENIOIDES, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis gracilibus, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis basi rotundatis coriaceis venulis crebris subtilibus erecto-patentibus, floribus solitariis ter- minalibus, pedicellis flori subequilongis, calycis parvi dentibus ovatis imbricatis, disco cupulato quam calyx longiore, dentibus stamineis lanceo- latis quam tubus duplo brevioribus, lobis stigmatosis lanceolatis stellatim patentibus. An erect tree, with slender woody branches. Leaves oppo- site, distinctly petioled, rigidly coriaceous, 2-253 in. long, 1-14 in. "broad at the middle, rounded at the base, with fine close distinct ascending veins, connected by an intramarginal nerve. Flowers few, solitary, on moderately stout terminal pedicels about 3 in. long. Calyx jin. broad, j in. long, with 5 ovate slightly im- bricated coriaceous teeth. Staminal tube } in. long, with 5 lan- ceolate teeth 4 in. long, bearing 3 anthers each. Cupular disk din. long. Stigmatic lobes lanceolate, twice as long as in S. pauci- flora.— Woods between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1638 a! A near ally of the last species. SYMPHONIA (S CHRYSOPIA) LEPIDOCARPA, n. 8p. Fruticosa, glabra, ramulis confertis, foliis parvis rigide eoriaceis breviter petiolatis obovato-oblongis obtusis, floribus solitariis terminalibus brevis- sime pedicellatis, sepalis minutis orbicularibus late imbricatis, ovario ovoideo obliquo squamis minutis peltatis aduatis lepidoto, stylo brevi, stigmatibus 5 lanceolatis patulis stylo aquilongis. A small shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with crowded branch- lets. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, green and glabrous on both sur- faces, 4 in. long, 4 in. broad, obtuse, narrowed gradually from ihe middle to the top of a very short petiole. Flowers solitary at the end of the branchlets, on a pedicel j-} in. long. Calyx 2 line long, of 5 orbicular coriaceous imbricated sepals. Petals not seen. Mature ovary under 3 in. long, covered with spaced minute brownish adnate entire membranous peltate scales; style cylindrical, 2 line long; stigmas 5, lanceolate, patulous.— 92 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1317! A near ally of Chrysopia microphylla, Cambess, Mem. Guttif. et Ternstróm. tab. 4. GARCINIA ($ MANGOSTANA) PAUCIFLORA, D. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis magnis obovato-oblongis sub- coriaceis subacutis venis primariis ascendentibus venulis perspicuis crebris subparallelis connexis, floribus foemineis 2-3 terminalibus brevissime pedicellatis, sepalis 4 coriaceis decussatis orbicularibus valde imbricatis, ovario subgloboso staminodiis liberis circiter 20 cincto, stigmate magno peltato margine 8-lobato. i An erect tree, with stoutish straight branchlets, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves opposite; petiole 4 in. ; blade subcoriaceous, 5-6 in. long, 2 in. broad, deltoid at the base, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, the ascending main veins connected by close very oblique subparallel fine veinlets. Female flowers at the end of the branchlets on very short pedicels. Calyx 3 in. long; sepals orbicular, coriaceous. Petals notseen. Ovary sub- orbicular, about as long as the sepals, crowned by a sessile peltate stigma 4 in. in diam., with about 8 deltoid contiguous lobes and surrounded by a ring of about 20 minute free rudimentary stamens.— Forest of Alamazaotra, Baron 1382! GARCINIA (§ MANGOSTANA) MELLERI, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis petiolatis magnis obovato-oblongis obtusis, venis primariis ascendentibus venulis occultis, floribus foemineis racemosis, sepalis 4 coriaceis decussatis orbicularibus, ovario oblongo staminodiis liberis circiter 20 cincto, stigmate magno peltato 4-lobato. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with stout ultimate branchlets. Petiole an ineh long. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, bright green and glossy above, 6-8 in. long, 2-3 in, broad, deltoid at the base, with numerous rather ascending main veins, the intermediate veinlets not visible. Female flowers in sparse racemes at the end of the branchlets, on erecto-patent pedicels above $ in long. Sepals coriaceous, finally reflexing, 1 in. long. Petals not seen. Ovary oblong, finally $-2 in. long, 3 in. in diam., surrounded by a ring of free rudimentary stamens, crowned by a 4-lobed peltate stigma 1-1 in. in diam.— Central Madagascar, Baron! Between Tamatave and Antananarivo, Dr. Weller! Both this and the pre- ceding are near allies of the well-known Malayan G. Mango- stana, L. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR, 93 PsonosPERMUM VENULOSUM, Baker. P. ramulis glabris, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis acutis parvis glabris dorso pulchre venulosis, cymis 6-12-floris breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis pilosis flore longioribus, sepalis ovatis acutis, staminibus circiter 15 penta- delphis. A much-branched shrub, with slender terete woody branchlets glabrous up to the tip, ancipitous below the nodes. Petiole i-l in. blade 1-1} in. long, euspidate, rounded or deltoid at the base, quite glabrous, thin in texture, bright green on ihe face, the veins and veinlets distinetly visible on the under sur- face, anastomosing in intramarginal arches. Peduncle not more than lin.; pedicels j-L in., ferrugineo-pilose. Sepals & in. long, very acute, pilose on the back, with copious black dots and lines. Petals oblong, subacute, half as long again as the calyx, hairy on the face and edge. Phalanges of stamens as long as the calyx, strap-shaped, pilose. ILypogynous scales lingulate, 3—4 as long as the stamens. Styles as long as the ovary, connate at the base. Berry not seen.—Central Madagascar, Bojer ! PsoROSPERMUM BRACHYPODUM, N. Sp. P. ramulis glabris, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis acutis magnis integris glabris, cymis multifloris brevissime pedunculatis, pedicellis pilosis quam flos paulo longioribus, sepalis ovalis acutis, staminibus circiter 15 pentadel- phis, baecis parvis ovoideis. A much-branched shrub, with dark-brown perfectly glabrous woody ultimate branchlets, dilated and ancipitous below the nodes. Petiole lin., blade 4-6 in. long, quite entire, 14-3 in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the base and acute point, quite glabrous, bright green on the face, so firin in texture that the pellueid dots are hidden, with about 10 pairs of distinetly marked erecto-patent main veins. Flowers 20-30 in a dense cyme; peduncles at most j in., pedicels ġ-} in. long. Szpals ;\; in. long, pilose, with copious brown lines and dots. Phalanges of stamens not quite as long as the sepals. Berry ovoid, glabrous, l in, in diam. when dried, with 4-5 cells with oas seed in each. Styles in the fruiting stage not more than 3, ia. long.—St. Mary, South Madagascar, Forbes ! PsOROSPERMUM FERROVESTITU M, n. Sp. P. ramulis pilosis, foliis parvis breviter petiolatis facie viridibus subeal- vatis dorso persistenter ferrugineo-tomentosis, eymis multifloris breviter 94. MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE pedunculatis, pedicellis flore longioribus, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis ferrugineo-tomentosis, petalis breviter exsertis, staminibus 15 pentadelphis calyci zquilongis. An erect tree, with crowded slender terete branchlets, coated with short ferruginous hairs. Leaves not more than an inch long, distinctly petioled, subcoriaceous, green and subglabrous above when mature, densely coated beneath with persistent bright ferruginous tomentum. Cymes copious, shortly peduncled, 10- 15-flowered. Calyx 4 in. long, densely ferrugineo-tomentose Petals oblong, little longer than the calyx, copiously black- dotted. Stamens 4 in. long, in five bundles of three each ; united filaments pilose; anthers minute, orbieular. Ovary pilose. Fruit not seen.— Central Madagascar, Baron! PsonosPERMUM FORBESII, n. sp. P. ramulis glabris, foliis oblongis subacutis integris sessilibus vel brevis- sime petiolatis utrinque glaberrimis, cymis multifloris breviter peduncu- latis, pedicellis elongatis ferrugineo-pilosis, sepalis ovatis acutis, staminibus circiter 15 pentadelphis, baccis ovoideis. A much-branched shrub, 4-5 feet high, with wcody slender bright brown branchlets, dilated and flattened below the nodes. Leaves reaching a length of 2-3 inches, 1-2 in. broad, rounded at the base, thin in texture, with copious black dots, the 6-8-jugate rather ascending main veins fine but distinct. Peduncles not above 3 in. long; pedicels finally as long, both ferrugineo-pilose. Sepals } in. long, pilose, with copious black lines and dots. Petals oblong, hairy on the face, half as long again as the calyx. Pha- langes of stamens as long as the sepals, the united filaments strap-shaped and pilose. Hypogynous scales lingulate, 3-4 a8 long as the stamens. Ovary ovoid glabrous, the distinctly capi- tate styles not more than 4j line long.—Cape St. Mary, on the south coast, Forbes; and gathered twice by Gerrard, 13! and 148! PSOROSPERMUM PAUCIFLORUM, n. sp. P. ramulis glabris, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis integris basi cuneatis utrinque glabris, cymis 6 8-floris breviter peduncu- latis, pedicellis brevibus, sepalis elliptieis obtusis dorso pilosis, staminibus circiter 15 pentadelphis, baccis globosis. A much-branched shrub, with slender glabrous woody brown ultimate branchlets, thickened and flattened below the nodes. Petioles 1-] in., blade 2-3 in. long, 3-1 in. broad at the middle, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 95 narrowed gradually to the base and aeute point, quite glabrous on both surfaces, so thick in texture that no glandular dots are visible, and the distant erecto-patent main veins are fine and faint. Pedunele at most i in. long; pedicels not more than j-1 in. Sepals j in. long, with many black dots and lines. Petals a little longer than the sepals, elliptic, subacute, hairy on the face. Pha- langes of stamens shorter than the sepals. Berry glabrous, 1 in. in diam., with a single half-orbicular laterally flattened seed 4 in. long in each of the five cells.— Central Madagascar, Baron 450! PsoROSPERMUM MICROCARPUM, n. sp. P. ramulis glabris, foliis distincte petiolatis late ellipticis parvis subinte- gris facie glabris dorso tenuiter pilosis, cymis 5-6-floris terminalibus breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis quam flos paulo longioribus, sepalis ovato- oblongis obtusis, staminibus circiter 15 pentadelphis, baccis parvis glo- bosis. A much-branched sbrub with slender drab terete branchlets. Petiole 1 in. long; blade 1-11 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, moderately firm in texture, green on both surfaces, not perceptibly gland- dotted, with 6-7 pairs of distinctly marked ascending main veins, Peduncles not more than 3 in. long; pedicels j-l in., thinly pilose. Calyx ;l in. long, spreading from the berry, hairy on the outside. Phalanges of stamens as long as the sepals. Berry glabrous, i-l in. in diam. in the dried specimens. Styles jl; in. long, with a distinctly capitate stiyma.—Central Madagascar, Rev. R. Baron, received Oct. 1881. All these five species of Psorospermum, along with P. Fanerana and P. androsemifolium, described in Trimen’s * Journal,’ 1882, p. 19, belong to a group different from any of those of Spach, marked by stamens in five bundles, nearly always 3 in each, and non-coriaceous entire leaves greenish on both surfaces: There is a misprint, Joc. cit., in the description of P. androsemifolium, of which the calyx is 4; in., not 1 in. long. The flowers of Psoro- spermum never rival in size our familiar Hypericums. Ruoporrsa ALTIVOLA, Thouars, Hist. t. 13. Mr. Baron has been fortunate enough to rediscover this finest of all the Chlenads, which, so far as we know, has not been gathered since its original discovery by Du Petit Thouars nearly a century ago. The following description is drawn up from the specimens which he has sent home (nos. 1980! and 2173 !). 96 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE A shrub, apparently erect, glabrous in all its parts, with terete branchlets. Stipules minute, deciduous, deltoid. Leaves alter- nate, shortly petioled, oblong, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, subcoria- eeous, with erecto-patent main veins anastomosing in distinct arches a space within the margin. Flowers solitary or in pairs on a terminal peduncle 1-13 in. long; involucre with 4 minute deltoid lobes; pedicels very short; flowers each with a pair of minute deltoid bracteoles at the base. Calyx 3 in. long, with three orbicular or obovate-obtuse much imbricated oblique coriaceous segments. Expanded corolla 2 in. in diam; petals 5, obovate- spathulate, bright purple, 2 in. long, lin. broad. Stamens about 20, very unequal in length, the longest half as long as the petals; filaments filiform, glutinous, free down to the base; anthers minute, orbicular, attached by the middle of the back. Ovary globose, glabrous, 3-celled. Style filiform, above an inch long. Fruit not seen. XEROCHLAMYS PILOSA, Baker in Trimen’s Journ. 1882, p. 45. Mr. Baron has twice again (nos. 947 and 1873) gathered this new genus, which differs from Leptolena not only in involucre and fruit, but also by its indefinite stamens. Some of the later specimens show as many as ten teeth to the involucre; but I think all the three numbers belong to one and the same species. It is figured in Hooker's Icones, tab. 1413. LEPTOLENA PAUCIFLORA, n. sp. L. ramulis pilosis, folis brevissime petiolatis parvis suborbicularibus obtusis, floribus paucis vel solitariis terminalibus brevissime pedicellatis, involucri glabri subglobosi dentibus 6-8 minutis deltoideis. A mueh-brauched shrub, with very slender densely pilose woody ultimate branchlets. Petiole not more than half a line long, densely pilose; blade 4-3 in. long, broadly rounded at both ends, coriaceous, rigid, green and glabrous on both sur- faces. Flowers few together on very short pilose pedicels at the end of the branchlets. Involucre surrounding the immature fruit a glabrous coriaceous dark-brown cup 4-1 in. long and broad, probably rather fleshy in the living plant, with 6-8 minute deltoid teeth. Sepals 3, orbicular, densely pilose on the back, 4 in. long. Petals oblong, dark purple, glabrous, as long as the calyx. Stamens about 10, exserted finally a little from the involuere, with filiform filaments and minute orbicular an- thers. Immature capsule hard, globose, densely pilose, filling up FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 97 the involucre.—Between Tamatave and Antananarivo, gathered by Dr. Meller in July 1862, a single specimen in immature fruit ; and lately rediscovered by Mr. Baron in forests of the provinee of Imerina (1390). Very different from the single known type species of Thouars, L. multiflora, by its few flowers and small obtuse leaves. L. multiflora has been gathered by Bojer, Forbes, and lately in the north-west of the island by Hildebrandt (3306) ; but none of our specimens show the mature fruit. LEPTOLENA TURBINATA, D. Sp. L. ramulis minute pilosis, foliis brevissime petiolatis parvis obovato- oblongis rigide coriaceis, floribus solitariis terminalibus brevissime pedicel- latis, involucro glabro turbinato dentibus minutis fructum pilosum invol- vente persistente. A much-branched shrub, with slender terete crowded woody branchlets. Leaves alternate, minutely petioled, 4 in. long, obtuse, sometimes distinctly emarginate at the apex, deltoid at the base, rigidly coriaceous, dark green and glabrous on both surfaces, with crecto-patent main veins anastomosing by arches just within the margin. Flowers terminal, on very short pilose peduncles. Involuere a glabrous bright brown turbinate per- sistent cup 1 in. long, closing in over the pilose capsule, which completely fills it; the teeth at throat minute and obscure.—East coast of Madagascar, Baron 1560! A near ally of the preceding species. SCHIZOLENA EXINVOLUCRATA, N. Sp. S. ramulis foliisque glaberrimis, foliis oblongis subcoriaceis obtuse cuspi- datis, floribus paucis axillaribus 1-2nis pedicellatis solitariis haud involu- cratis, calycis minuti stellato-pubescentis lobis 3 orbicularibus, petalis oblongis, staminibus brevibus permultis, ovario globoso dense piloso. A shrub, quite glabrous in all its parts except the calyx, with very slender terete woody grey ultimate branchlets. Petiole about 1 in. long; blade oblong, subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, entire, broadly rounded at the base, narrowed suddenly to an obtuse point, green on both surfaces, the fine main veins anasto- mosing in intramarginal arches. Flowers few, axillary, solitary on 1-2nate peduncles about 4 in. long. Involucre entirely sup- pressed. Calyx not more than half a line long, coriaceous, stellato-pilose, with 3 minute suborbicular lobes. Corolla of 5 oblong obtuse petals about } in. long and } in. broad, much im- bricated before the flower opens. Stamens densely packed, 100 98 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE or more, with short filiform filaments and minute suborbieular anthers. Ovary globose, densely pilose, 3-celled ; style filiform, simple, as long as the ovary.— Madagascar, Gerrard 20! Nov. 1865. As compared with S. rosea, Thouars, Hist. t. 12, this has a preci isely similar corolla, and leaves Eu both in shape and veining; but the flowers are axillary, single, and without any involuere, and the calyx is extremely minute. KostELETSKYA HISPIDA, n. sp. K. ramulis dense retrorsum hispido-pilosis, foliis suborbicularibus serratis longe petiolatis apice leviter palmatim trilobatis, floribus 1—3nis axillari- bus distincte pedicellatis, bracteolis linearibus 10-12, calycis segmentis ovato-lanceolatis, petalis quam calyx 2-3plo longioribus, carpellis hispidis dorso acute angulatis. A much-branched herb, 1-3 feet high, with slender terete branchlets, densely clothed with short drab reflexed rather bristly hairs. Petiole sometimes 1-14 in. long; blade 1-2 in. long and broad, cordate, membranous, green and hairy on both surfaces, crenate, with three short deltoid apical lobes. Flowers 1-3 in the axils of the leaves, on pilose slender pedicels under an inch long. Epiealyx of 10-12 hispid linear persistent brac- teoles shorter than the sepals. Calyx hispid, } in. long in the flower-stage, growing out to ġ in. the segments two or three times as long as the tube. Petals yellow, obovate-unguiculate, pilose, 3-3 in. long. Column nearly as long as the petals, the capitate styles ;/;-3 in. long. Capsule membranous, hispid, 3 in. in diam. ; the 5 carpels triquetrous and very POE on the back. Seeds solitary, erect, green, reniform, glabrous, 44 in. long.— Gathered long ago in Central Madagascar > Dr. Lyall (no. 192); and now Mr. Baron has sent it in flower (893); and Dr. Parker gathered at Ambohimango fine specimens with mature fruit. PavoNIA MACROTIS, n. sp.—Hibiscus azureus, Bojer MSS. Suffruticosa, ramulis pilosis et tomentosis, foliis ovatis profunde cordatis parvis petiolatis crenatis facie tenuiter dorso dense incanis, floribus axil- laribus solitariis pedunculatis, bracteolis 9-10 subulatis persistentibus dense pilosis, calycis tubo brevi segmentis lanceolatis, petalis parvis rubris, carpellis oblongis turgidis exaristatis. A much-branched small shrub, the ultimate branchlets very slender, tomentose, and in addition loosely pilose. Leaves di- stinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, obtuse, the largest 1-13 in. long, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 99 erenate, the rounded basal lobes half as long as the rest of the blade, the texture moderately firm, the upper surface dull green and thinly tomentose, the lower matted with a thin coat of whitish tomentum. Flowers solitary, on slender densely pilose axillary pedicels sometimes an inch long. Epicalyx of 9-10 subulate persistent bracteoles 1-1 in. long, free down to the base. Calyx $ in, finally 1 in. long, densely pilose. Petals obovate- cuneate, 3 in. long. Column of styles and stamens a little shorter than the petals. Fruit globose, membranous, 1 in. in diam., of 5 oblong hairy carpels without any awn.—Gathered long ago in Central Madagascar by Bojer and Lyall (189), and now refound by Kitching (Ankaratra mountains) and Baron (615! 933! 1869!). Allied to the Cape P. premorsa, Willd. (P. cuneifolia, Cav.). PAVONIA PLATANIFOLIA, n. sp. Perennis, ramis dense hispidis, foliis petiolatis cordato-orbiculatis palmatim 5-lobatis serratis utrinque pilosis, floribus multis axillaribus superioribus racemosis, bracteolis 8 linearibus persistentibus calyci aqui- longis, petalis rubris quam calyx 2-3plo longioribus, carpellis oblongis turgidis breviter l-aristatis. A robust much-branched perennial herb, the branches calvate, terete, and brown-black low down, densely shortly hispid upwards. Petiole of the lower leaves above an inch long; blade reaching 3-4 inches both in length and breadth, with five deltoid lobes and large teeth, moderately firm and thick in texture, green and shortly hispid above, dull green and densely pilose beneath. Flowers abundant, 2-3nate on short peduncles, the upper cymes crowded and only minutely bracteated, the lower from the axils of leaves 1-2 in. broad. Epicalyx of 8 linear densely pilose per- sistent bracteoles, which are free down to the base, as long as the calyx and adpressed to it. Flower-calyx 4 in. long, densely pilose, the deltoid segments as long as the campanulate tube. Petals bright red, obovate-cuneate, 4 in. long. Column as long as the petals. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam., consisting of five oblong turgid membranous carpels, each with a short retrorsely hispid awn from the inner angle, and each containing a single pale-brown glabrous seed.—Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker. “Flowers pale scarlet. Bark tough, would make good string or rope." Allied to P. Bojeri, P. urens, and P. Schimperiana. Hisiscus oxaLnrrLonvs, Bojer, Hort. Maur. p. 28 (nomen solum). Annuus, diffusus, ramulis gracillimis pilosis, folis parvis petiolatis 100 ME. J. G. BAKER ON THE ovatis integris vcl irregulariter serratis, floribus solitariis axillaribus longe pedunculatis, bracteolis 8-10 linearibus, calycis tubo brevi, segmentis ovato-lanceolatis, petalis parvis luteis, eapsulis parvis globosis membrana- ceis, seminibus in loculo 2-3 glabris. A diffuse annual herb, densely branched at the crown of the root, with slender wiry pilose stems 3-1 ft. long. Petiole 1-2 in. long, with a pair of minute persistent linear stipules at the base; blade i-i in. long, obtuse or subacute, rounded or shallowly cordate at the base, entire or irregularly inciso-crenate, mode- rately firm in texture, green and shortly pilose on both surfaces. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves on slender peduncles 1-2 in. long. Epiealyx of 8-10 persistent linear bracts. Calyx campanulate, hispid, finally 1 in. long, the segments three times as long as the tube. Petals yellow, obovate-cuneate, 4 in. long. Capsule membranous, globose, } in. in diameter, splitting into five valves and containing 2-3 glabrous seeds in each carpel.— Gathered long ago in Central Madagascar by Hilsenberg, Bojer, and Lyall (182), and now refound by Mr. Baron (798 & 912). Mr. Baron has also sent (no. 703) a single specimen of a plant with just the same habit, pubescence, flowers, and capsule, but with trifoliate leaves like those of a Cytisus or Crotalaria, the leaflets sessile, lanceolate, and entire. Hisiscts EurrsiT, n. sp. Fruticosus, ramulis stellato-incanis, foliis ovatis longe petiolatis simpli- cibus denticulatis, floribus laxe corymbosis, bracteolis 10-12 parvis rigidis lanceolatis basi connatis, calycis coriacei segmentis ovato-lanceolatis quam tubus duplo longioribus, petalis magnis splendide rubris dorso sericeis, eapsulis duris globosis densissime pilosis. A shrub, with terete woody branches, clothed with stellate brownish pubescence. Petiole 1-2 in. long; blade ovate, rounded at the base, deltoid at the tip, 3—4 in. long, subcoriaceous, green and slightly furfuraceous above, persistently coated with drab or ferruginous stellate pubescence beneath. Flowers few, in lax corymbs towards the end of the branches, on short sulcate thickened peduncles, the lower ones from the axils of the upper leaves. Epicalyx of about a dozen rigid persistent lanceolate bracteoles. Calyx above an inch long, firm in texture, densely matted with ferruginoustomentum externally, the ovate-lanceolate teeth twice as long as the campanulate tube. Petals oblong- spathulate, 2 in. long, nearly an inch broad, bright red within, persistently silky outside. Column nearly as long as the petals, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 101 the stamens extending over an inch of it. Immature capsule above an inch in diameter, woody in texture, densely pilose out- side and within.—Ambohimanga, gathered by the Rev. W. Ellis in 1864. A very fine species, allied to the Mauritian H. liliifforus and H. columnaris. DOMBEYA GLECHOMÆFOLIA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis pilosis, foliis petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus crenatis pilosis, cymis paucifloris umbellatis, bracteolis 3 magnis deltoideis acutis pilosis persistentibus, sepalis membranaceis lanceolatis pilosis, petalis magnis rubellis obovato-cuneatis, columna staminea magna ampulleformi, staminodiis ligulatis, staminibus fertilibus 15, ovario piloso, stylo elongato, stigmatibus subulatis falcatis. Branchlets slender, woody, terete, densely pilose. Petiole 4-2 in. densely pilose ; blade quite orbicular, with a deep basal sinus, i-1i in. long and broad, moderately firm in texture, green and thinly pilose on the upper surface, densely pilose beneath. Flowers 1-3 together; peduncle 1-12 in., pedicels about } in., both very slender and densely pubescent. Bracteoles cordate- deltoid, adpressed to the calyx, imbricated, pale green, 4-3 in. long. Sepals j-iin.long. Petals an inch long, reddish brown, 2 in. broad at the truncate tip. Staminal column ampulleform, half as long as the petals, the 5 linear staminodes longer than the 15 fertile stamens, which are in 2-3 irregular rows, with short free filaments and lanceolate anthers ;L in. long. Style pro- truding beyond the staminodia, divided at the tip into five stigmatose hooks.—Forests of Central Madagascar, gathered lately by Mr. Pool, and sent also in 1857 by M. Bouton. This is a well-marked and handsome plant. We have a closely allied new species from the Rev. W. Ellis with still larger flowers and more densely shaggy bracteoles, peduncles and pedicels, and a much shorter staminal corona, of which the leaves are unknown. SPARMANNIA SUBPALMATA, n. Sp. S. ramulis pilosis, foliis longe petiolatis cordato-ovatis acutis inciso- Crenatis integris vel apice palmatim trilobatis membranaceis utrinque viridibus obscure stellato-pilosis, umbellis simplicibus 6-12-floris longe pedunculatis, bracteis linearibus, calycis segmentis lanceolatis dense pilosis, petalis oblongis quam calyx vix longioribus, staminibus exterioribus paucis sterilibus parce papillosis, fructu globoso longe echinato. A shrub or small tree, with slender terete branchlets, clothed with whitish stellate pubescence. Petiole 2-1] in. long; blade LQ2 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE 3-2 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, shallowly cordate, entire or di- stinctly 3-lobed, with the side lobes obtuse and the middle one pointed, thin in texture, bright green above, dull grey-green beneath, the stellate tufts of hair sparse and indistinct. Umbels 6-12- jow ered, on pilose lateral peduncles 1-2 in. long, surrounded * before expansion by a whorl of linear acuminate bracts like an involucre. Calyx i in. long., cut down nearly to the base into four lanceolate acute segments. Petals pale red, oblong-spathulate. Stamens half as long as the petals, the sterile ones few and in- distinctly papillose. Ovary globose, densely echinate; style as long as the petals. Capsule under an inch in diameter, beset by dense spreading spines j in. long.— Central Madagascar, by the side of streams in the province of Imerina, Bojer ! SPARMANNIA DISCOLOR, n. sp. (Tab. XXII. figg. 1-8.) S.ramulis pilosis, foliis longe petiolatis cordato-ovatis acuminatis serratis facie viridibus tenuiter stellato-pilosis dorso persistenter albido-incanis, umbellis simplicibus 12-20-floris pedunculatis, bracteis linearibus, calycis segmentis lanceolatis dense pilosis, petalis oblongis calyci æquilongis, staminibus exterioribus paucis sterilibus obscure papillosis, fructu globoso echinato. A shrub or small tree, with slender terete erat pilose woody branchlets. Petiole 7-1 in. long; blade 14-2 in. long, slightly cordate, acuminate, Bio eun never ighea. firmer and thicker in texture than in the last species, green and thinly stellato- pilose above, densely matted with persistent white tomentum beneath. Flowers 12-20 in simple umbels, on densely pilose slender erecto- vu. axillary peduncles an inch long; bracts linear, E. 3 in. long; pedicels as long as the flowers. Calyx 4 in. long, eut MINE es to the base into four lanceolate acute densely pilose segments. Stamens 30 or more, half as long as the petals, only a very few of the outer ones sterile and obscurely papillose. Style slender, filiform, obscurely 4-lobed at the tip. Fruit a globose 4-valved loculicidal capsule 4 in. in diam., exclusive of the patulous spines, which are } in. long.—Open forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 620! 1848! Two species of this genus are known at the Cape, and one in Abyssinia. TROCHETIA PENTAGLOSSA, n. Sp. Arborea, ramulis crassis, foliis magnis breviter petiolatis obovato- oblongis integris coriaceis facie lucidis dorso ad axillas nervorum solum FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 103 pilosis, floribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis, sepalis lanceolatis sericeis, petalis oblongisobtusis quam calyx paulobrevioribus, staminibus quam petala duplo brevioribus, antheris fertilibus 15 filamentis brevibus obscure con- natis, staminodiis lanceolatis, ovario piloso stigmatibus 5 magnis lingulatis. A tree, with thick ultimate branchlets, silky towards their tips. Petiole 1-1 in.; blade 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad at the middle, subobtuse, narrowed from the middle to a rounded base, the 10-12-jugate strongly raised erecto-patent main veins with tufts of brown hairs in their axils on the under surface. Branch- lets in the specimens terminated by a pilose leafy bud, from the base of which springs a single densely pilose peduncle under 2 in. long. Sepals 5, acute, coriaceous, an inch long, densely brown- silky on the back. Petals purplish brown, oblong, obtuse, 4 in. broad, slightly silky outside. Anthers linear, J in. long, with short flattened filaments; staminodialanceolate, petaloid, brownish black, as long as the anthers. Ovary globose, densely pilose; Styles very short, pilose like the ovary; stigmas ascending, lin- gulate, 1 in. long.— Central Madagascar, Dr. Lyall 223 ! MELHANIA LAURIFOLIA, Bojer in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 2, xviii. 192. Arborea, ramulis lepidotis, foliis coriaceis integris obovato-oblongis obtusis, cymis compositis laxifloris pedunculatis, bracteolis nullis, sepalis parvis lanceolatis lepidotis, petalis deltoideo-cuneatis scariosis persisten- tibus, columna staminea brevissima, ovario globoso triloculari, stylis subulatis falcatis. A tree 30-40 feet high, with angled slender woody branchlets, coated with brown scales. Petiole 1-j in.; blade 2-4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, narrowed from the middle to a rounded base, obscurely lepidote on both sides, but not at all pilose, the fine main veins anastomosing in arches near the margin. Cymes lax, few-flowered, with long slender lepidote peduncles; pedicels sometimes 4 in. long. Sepals 5, coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, i in. long, also lepidote. Petals twice as long as the sepals, } in. broad, unsymmetrical, finally brown and scariose. Staminodes 5, erect, incurved, linear, 74; in. long, with a single fertile stamen between each, with a flattened free filament as long as the sub- orbicular anther. Ovary globose, sessile, lepidote like the calyx &c., with 3 faleate subulate styles as long as the ovary connate at the basc.-- Woods of the province of Imerina, gathered long ago by Bojer, and now sent by Baron (1325!) from the forest of An- drangaloaka by Dr. Parker. This is such a peculiar member of LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XX. L 104 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE the genus that I have thought it worth while to redescribe it in detail, as the only published account of it is very brief. RULINGIA MADAGASCARIENSIS, 1. Sp. R. ramulis tomentosis, foliis oblongis integris planis facie tenuiter dorso dense incanis, cymis densifloris pedunculatis, calycis tubo brevi segmentis ovatis, petalorum ligulis linearibus quam calyx paulo longioribus, capsulis magnis depresso-globosis setis elongatis hispido-plumosis densissime vestitis. A. forest shrub, 8-10 feet high, with slender terete woody tomentose branchlets. Petiole 4—4 in., with a pair of small linear caducous stipules; blade subcoriaceous, 1-14 in. long, acute, unequal-sided at the base, not at all rugose or bullate, dull green and thinly tomentose above, matted with a thin close coat of whitish tomentum beneath. Cymes dense, terminal, and opposite the upper leaves, shortly peduncled; pedicels as long as the flowers ; bracts lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, dull red, lin. long, with a short tube and 5 ovate segments. Petals whitish, with a broad cucullate base and strap-shaped limb just protruded beyond the calyx. Staminodia 5, lanceolate, spreading, pilose, half as long as the calyx; 5 antheriferous stamens shorter, re- flexing so that the quadrate 4-lobed anthers are thrust against the dilated cucullate base of the petals; free filament twice as long as the anther. Capsule depresso-globose, an inch in dia- meter, densely beset with spreading intertangled plumose subulate processes, 5-celled, opening at the top, the carpels not separating. —Central Madagascar, gathered long ago by Bojer and Meller; Baron 983! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! All the other species of the genus, about 15 in number, are natives of Australia. GREWIA LANCEOLATA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis gracillimis hispidis, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis brevissime petiolatis utrinque viridibus glabris, eymis 3—4-floris axillaribus breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis ealvei aquilongis, sepalis parvis lanceo- latis dorso hispidis facie brunneis, petalis nullis, staminibus quam calyx triplo brevioribus, stylo filiformi ovario globoso equilongo. A shrub, with very slender hispid terete branchlets. Leaves alternate; petiole very short; blade 4-6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, acuminate, moderately firm in texture, bright green on both surfaces, with only a few very minute obscure scales, the main yeins distant and anastomosing by distinct arches FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 105 just within the margin. Flowers in shortly peduncled umbels in the axils of the leaves. Calyx g in. long; sepals 5, lan- ceolate, grey and tomentose outside, brown and petaloid on the face. Petals entirely absent. Stamens about 12, with fili- form filaments and orbicular anthers. Ovary densely pilose ; style filiform, exceeding the stamens. Fruit unknown.—Between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1530! GnEWIA ($ VINCENTIA) POLYPYRENA, n. sp. G. ramulis pilosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis subcoriaceis subglabris denticulatis basi obliquis, cymis axillaribus l-2nis 2-3-floris breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis flori zquilongis, sepalis ligulatis dorso hispidis, petalis lanceolatis quam calyx duplo brevioribus, staminibus petalis æqui- longis, ovario triloculari ovulis in loculo pluribus, fructibus siccis scabris oblongis pyrenis monospermis sæpe 6-12. A tree, with slender terete woody branchlets densely pilose towards the tip. Petioles 1-1 in., densely pilose; blade sub- coriaceous, 13~2 in. long, about an inch broad, unequally rounded at the base, narrowed gradually to the point, minutely dentate, bright green on the upper surface, pale green beneath, obscurely pubescent, the main veins erecto-patent, those that spring from the base of the midrib produced to the edge of the leaf at its middle. Cymes copious, axillary, the peduncles and pedicels both about 4 in. long, densely pilose. Sepals strap-shaped, } in. long, purplish brown on the face, densely hispid on the back. Petals oblanceolate, half as long as the sepals. Stamens very numerous, as long as the petals. Ovary ovoid, pilose, 3-celled, with several superposed ovules in a cell; style filiform, 4—4} in. long, with 3 subulate stigmas. Fruit dry, brown, oblong, simple, rugose, under 4 in. long, containing often as many as 6-12 bony one-seeded pyrenes.—Central Madagascar, Lyall 388! Baron 573! 942! Closely allied to Vincentia triflora, Bojer in Hook. Bot. Mise. i. 293, tab. 62. ELXOCARPUS SUBSERRATUS, D. Sp. Arboreus, foliis longe petiolatis oblongis acutis serratis subcoriaceis utrinque viridibus glabris, floribus in racemos paucifloros breves axillares dispositis, pedicellis cernuis flori zequilongis, calycis subsericei segmentis lanceolatis, petalis oblanceolatis calyci aquilongis apice serratis, stamini- bus obscure pilosis, antheris haud apiculatis. A tree, with the tips of the woody branchlets silky. —Petiole glabrous, an inch or more long ; blade 5-6 in. long, 2 in. broad, acuminate, distinctly serrated, rounded at the base, silky when 12 106 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE young, green and glabrous when mature on both surfaces, with few much ascending distinct main veins. Racemes numerous, axillary, few-flowered, not much longer than the petioles ; rhachis and pedicels silky. Calyx lin. long, slightly silky, cut down nearly to the base. Petals whitish, oblanceolate, silky, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens about 20, half as long as the calyx, obscurely silky ; anthers about j5 in. long. Ovary silky, globose ; style short.— Central Madagascar, Baron! A near ally of E. serratus, L., which is planted in Mauritius and has been gathered in Madagascar by Curtis. ELX0OCARPUS SERICEUS, n. sp. E. ramulis sericeis, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis subcoriaceis denticu- latis facie glabris dorso sericeis, floribus hermaphroditis pentameris laxe racemosis, pedicellis cernnis flori zequilongis, sepalis lanceolatis brunneis dense sericeis, petalis oblanceolatis apice fimbriatis quam calyx paulo lon- gioribus, staminibus 10 quam petala duplo brevioribus, antheris lineari-ob- longis apice emarginatis, ovario globoso 2-loculari, stylo ovario :equilongo. A large forest-tree, with woody branchlets, silky towards the tip. Petiole above an inch long; blade subcoriaceous, 2-4 in. long, about an inch broad, acuminate, deltoid at the base, obscurely toothed, bright green and glabrous above, covered with persistent beautiful bright brown silky tomentum beneath. Flowers in copious lax racemes 2-3 in. long, with a silky rhachis and silky cernuous pedicels as long as the flowers. Sepals 5, lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, densely silky on the outside. Petals oblanceolate, rather longer than the sepals, silky outside, cut at the tip into five or six short lobes. Stamens half as long as the petals; emarginate erect linear-oblong anthers twice as long as the filaments. Ovary globose, densely pilose, 2-celled. Fruit not seen.—Forests of Central Madagascar. We had leaves several years ago from Mrs. Pool and Miss Gilpin, and were quite puzzled with it; and now Mr. Baron has sent it in flower (1038! 1066 !) ELXOCARPUS RUFOVESTITUS, n. Sp. Arboreus, ramulis ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis parvis breviter petiolatis oblongis obtusis integris rigidis facie viridibus subcalvatis dorso persis- tenter ferrugineo-tomentosis, floribus in racemos axillares dispositis, pedi- cellis cernuis flori zquilongis, calycis ferrugineo-tomentosi segmentis lanceolatis, petalis pallidis calyei equilongis apice dentatis, staminibus circiter 20, antheris acutis. A tree 20 or 30 feet high, with terete branchlets, clothed up- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR, 107 wards with ferruginous tomentum. Petiole very short; blade 12-2 in. long, under an inch broad, rounded at both ends, dull green above, densely coated beneath with bright reddish-brown persistent tomentum. Flowers in copious nearly sessile axillary racemes 15-2 in. long ; rhachis and pedicels, like the calyx, densely ferrugineo-tomentose. Calyx } in. long, cut down nearly to the base. Petals pale, oblanceolate, obtuse, not longer than the calyx, densely silky on the outside, only faintly toothed at the tip. Stamens half as long as the corolla, pilose; anthers oblong, acute, but not distinctly apiculate. Fruit yellow, ovoid, under an inch long.—Open forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1253! 1313! 1710! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! Er xocARPUS ALNIFOLIUS, n. sp. E. ramulis foliisque glaberrimis, foliis parvis petiolatis oblongis serratis, floribus hermaphroditis tetrameris laxe racemosis, pedicellis cernnis flori subzquilongis, sepalis lanceolatis brunneis sericeis, petalis oblanceolatis calyci zequilongis apice fimbriatis, staminibus circiter 12, antheris parvis lineari-oblongis apice emarginatis, fructibus parvis oblongis 1-loculatis monospermis. A forest-tree, 30-40 feet high, with slender woody perfectly glabrous branchlets. Leaves crowded; petiole 3-3 in.; blade subcoriaceous, 1-14 in. long, deltoid at the base, narrowed gradu- ally to an obtuse point, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with distant parallel conspicuous erecto-patent main veins. Flowers in copious lax racemes 1-13 in. long; pedicels cernuous, silky, as long as the flowers. Sepals lanceolate, thinly silky, } in. long. Petals oblanceolate, pilose, just as long as the calyx, lobed at the tip. Stamens about 12, half as long as the calyx, the free filament shorter than the emarginate linear-oblong pilose anther. Ovary ovoid, with a subulate style. Fruit oblong, green, 2 in. long, resembling an unripe sloe, with a thick bony 1-celled endocarp, containing only a single seed.—Forest of Andranga- loaka, Dr. Parker! ErxocanmPUs RHODANTHUS, n. sp. e Arboreus, glaber, foliis petiolatis obovato-oblongis obtusis une, i sub- coriaceis, floribus solitariis axillaribus, pedunculis flori aequilongis, calycis incani segmentis lanceolatis acutis, petalis deltoideis saturate rubris apice laciniatis, staminibus permultis, antheris longe apiculatis. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with short terete woody branchlets. Petiole 4-2 in.; blade 2-4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, obtuse, sometimes emarginate at the apex, rounded at the- base, 108 MT. J. G. BAKER ON THE bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, with 5-6-jugate distinct erecto-patent main veins. Flowers solitary from the axils of the upper leaves on ascending peduncles an inch long. Calyx just like that of E. quercifolius. Petals bright red, an inch long and nearly as broad, 2-lobed, and acutely serrated on the top. Stamens 50 or more, as long as the calyx; anthers densely pilose, with an apiculus a line long. Ovary ampulleform, densely pilose, narrowed gradually into the entire style.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1928 ! ELXOCARPUS QUERCIFOLIUS, n. Sp. Arboreus, glabra, foliis distincte petiolatis oblanceolato-oblongis sub- acutis repandis subcorieceis utrinque viridibus glabris, floribus solitariis axillaribus, pedunculis cernuis flori zquilongis, calycis incani segmentis lanceolatis acutis, petalis deltoideis saturate rubris profunde laciniatis quam calyx duplo longioribus, staminibus permultis, antheris longe apicu- latis. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with slender terete branchlets. Petiole 3-1 in.; blade 2-3 in. long, 1 in. broad, subacute, nar- rowed gradually from the middle to the base, broadly repand, subcoriaceous, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, with 4—5-jugate distinct erecto-patent main veins. Flowers solitary from the axils of the upper leaves, on glabrous slender cernuous peduncles an inch long. Calyx 4 in. long, coriaceous, brownish, thinly silky, cut down nearly to the base into 5 lanceolate acute segments. Petals bright red, cut down to the middle into three serrated lobes, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens 50 or more, 3 in. long, densely pilose, with an apiculus a line long to the anther. Ovary globose, densely pilose.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1954! ELÆOCARPUS DASYANDRUS, n. sp. E. ramulis pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis oblongis subcoriaceis obtusis denticulatis utrinque glabris, floribus magnis solitariis pentameris herma- phroditis pedunculatis, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis basi connatis, petalis deltoideo-cuneatis calyce longioribus apice lobatis utrinque pilosis, staminibus permultis, antheris dense pilosis longe apiculatis, ovario ovoideo dense piloso. A tree, with the leaves crowded at the tip of the stoutish ultimate branchlets. Petiole under 4 in. long ; blade 11-14 in. long, subeoriaceous, rounded at the base, green on both surfaces, with 5-6 pairs of arcuate parallel distinctly marked main veins. Flowers single from the axils of the leaves on pubescent peduncles FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 109 an inch long. Calyx coriaceous, 3 in. long, densely pubescent on the outside, with a short tube and 5 ovate-lanceolate segments. Petals rather longer than the calyx, nearly half an inch broad, much imbricated, brownish pilose on both sides, with several orbicular lobes at the tip. Stamens very numerous, half as long as the petals, with short filaments and densely pilose sausage- shaped anthers, narrowed into a long tip. Ovary ovoid, densely pilose, with a short style. Fruit not seen.—Central Madagascar, Baron 708! ERYTHROXYLUM GERRARDI, n. sp. Glabrum, ramulis apice applanatis, foliis parvis rigidis obovatis obtusis brevissime petiolatis venulis immersis, pedicellis solitariis quam flos 2-3plo longioribus, calycis segmentis deltoideis, petalis oblongis quam calyx triplo longioribus basi ligula magna rugosa appendiculatis, urceolo stamineo calyci equilongo, stylis subulatis basi coalitis. An erect shrub, 6 feet high, glabrous in all its parts, the slender branchlets flattened towards the tip. Leaves alternate, very shortly petioled, rigidly coriaceous, an inch long, the veins of the under surface except the midrib quite hidden. Flowers usually solitary, on short erecto-patent pedicels. Calyx 3 line long, cut down nearly to the base into 5 deltoid segments. Petals oblong, reddish, } in. long, with a rugose ligule half as long as the lamina, with a deflexed tip. Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Ovary globose, 3-celled ; styles free more than halfway down.—Mada- gascar, Gerrard 29! A nearally of E. jossinioides, Bojer in Ann. Se. Nat. sér. 2. xviii. tom. 184. ERYTHROXYLUM PYRIFOLIUM, N. sp. Glabrum, ramulis sursum applanatis, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis basi deltoideis venis subtilibus, pedicellis szepissime solitariis quam flos 3-4plo longioribus, calycis segmentis deltoideis, petalis oblongis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus ligula magna basi appendiculatis, urceolo stamineo quam calyx longiore, stylis ad basin liberis. : An erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with branchlets flattened towards the tips. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, 2-3 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, obtuse, deltoid at the base, less rigid in texture than in Æ. nitidulum, the veinlets fine and not raised. Flowers usually solitary, on straight erecto-patent pedicels 1—1 in. long. Calyx 3 line long, cut down nearly to the base into 5 deltoid segments. Petals oblong, à in. long, with a ligule adnate more than halfway up, with a deflexed orbicular tongue. Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Ovary globose, 110 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE 3-celled; styles free to the base.—East coast of Madagascar, Baron 1518! Closely allied to the Mauritian E. laurifolium, Lam. ERYTHROXYLUM NITIDULUM, n. sp. Glabrum, ramulis apice ancipitibus, foliis parvis oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis subcoriaceis subtus pulchre venulosis, floribus axillaribus 1—4nis, pedicellis strictis quam flos 3-4plo longioribus, calycis segmentis deltoideis, petalis oblongis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus ligula magna basi appen- diculatis, urceolo stamineo quam calyx longiore, stylis infra apicem coalitis. An erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts, the slender branch- lets aneipitous towards the tips. Petiole 1-1 in.; blade rigidly coriaceous, 13-2 in. long, obtuse, deltoid at the base, shining beneath, with all the veins and veinlets raised. Flowers 1-4- nate from the axils of the leaves ; pedicels glabrous, 4—3 in. long; bracts minute, deltoid. Calyx 4 line long, eut down nearly to the base into 5 deltoid segments. Petals oblong, } in. long, red on the outside, with an adnate scale half as long as the lamina. Sta- mens nearly as long as the petals; staminal urceolus longer than the calyx, distinctly toothed. Ovary globose, 3-celled; style as long as the ovary, tricuspidate only at the tip.—Central Mada- gasear, Baron 1936! 1944! SPHENDAMNOCARPUS MADAGASCARIENSIS, Baker.— Banisteria multiflora, Bojer AMSS.; A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. ii. 424; Walp. Rep. v. 246. Seandens, ferrugineo-tomentosus, foliis ovatis acutis dorso persistenter tomentosis, petiolis elongatis glandulis 2 patelleeformibus przeditis, pani- culæ ramis umbellatis, umbellis 3-4-floris, pedicellis flore longioribus, calycis segmentis 5 deltoideis tubo campanulato æquilongis, petalis calyce sesqui- longioribus, staminibus quam calyx paulo longioribus, stylis 3 brevibus erectis, samaræ ala dorsali magna oblanceolato-oblonga. A woody climber, with terete branchlets, clothed with per- sistent ferruginous tomentum. Leaves opposite; petiole 1-1in. long, with two large black glands near the top; blade 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous, acute, rounded at the base, finally green and glabrous above, clothed with persistent ferruginous tomentum below, with 5-6 pairs of distinet parallel aseending main veins. Flowers in terminal panicles, the peduncled umbels braeteated by reduced leaves at the base. Pedicels j-i in. long. Calyx i in. long, tomentose, destitute of glands. Petals obovate, g in. long, obscurely unguiculate, entire. Stamens 10, a little longer FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 111 than the calyx; filaments flat, twice as long as the oblong anthers. Style not more than 4 line long, straight, with an oblique capitate stigma. Fruit of three samaræ, with no trace of any wing but the dorsal one, which is rather curved and an inch long.— Bonatue Bay, Bojer! Central Madagascar, Baron 721! MICROSTEIRA, genus novum Malpighiacearum. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 1-8.) . Flores abortu polygamo-dioici. Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, eglandulosus, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis. Petala 5, oblonga, integra, obscure ungui- culata. Flores maseuli—stamina 10, omnia perfecta, petalis paulo bre- viora, filamentis filiformibus glabris, antheris oblongis. Flores foeminei— stamina rudimentaria producta; ovarium triquetrum, triloculare, stylis brevibus filiformibus curvatis divaricatis apice stigmatoso dilatatis. Car- pella fructifera 3, samaroidea, ab axi secedentia, alis 3 oblanceolato-oblongis coriaceis glabris venosis, dorsali patula minore, lateralibus ascendentibus majoribus.—Frutex volubilis Madagascariensis, ramulis apice ferrugineo- pilosis, foliis oppositis petiolatis membranaceis, floribus in umbellas copiosas laterales pedunculatas dispositis. M. Curtisu, Baker. A forest-climber, with stems 30 feet long, with terete sca- brous slender branchlets, ferrugineo-pilose only at the young tips. Leaves opposite, contemporary with the flowers, exstipu- late; petiole eglandular, ferrugineo-pilose ; blade oblong, acute, rounded at the base, 2-3 in. long, about an inch broad, green and glabrous on both sides when mature, ferrugineo-pilose in a young state. Flowers in very copious umbels on short erecto- patent ferrugineo-pilose peduncles, 8-10 to an umbel ; pedicels straight, ascending, i-j in. long, without any bracteoles, the basal bracts minute, deltoid. Calyx under a line long, densely ferrugineo-pilose. Petals pure white, oblong, over j in. long, obtuse, obscurely and unequally unguiculate. Male flowers without any perceptible ovary, the ten stamens nearly all per- fect and not much shorter than the petals. Ovary in the female flower hispid, 3-lobed, with three divaricating styles about half a line long, capitate at the oblique stigmatose tip. Fruit-carpels glabrous, with two glossy green oblanceolate-oblong obtuse as- cending side-wings about half an inch long, and a much smaller one of the same shape on the back. This is a well-marked new genus of the tribe Hirer. It was first gathered by Mr, Curtis, who travelled in the island on 112 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE behalf of Messrs. Veitch ; but his specimen had only the male flowers, so that we could not detect its affinities. Now Mr. Baron has sent excellent examples (1714! 2060 !) showing it in all the three states—male flowers, female flowers, and mature fruit. OXALIS XIPIIOPHYLLA, n. sp. Herbacea, acaulis, petiolis elongatis gracillimis, foliis digitatim trifoliola- tis, foliolis lineari-oblongis integris parce ciliatis, pedunculis folio subzequi- longis, umbellis 5-6-floris, pedicellis elongatis, calycis segmentis oblongo- lanceolatis glabris acutis, petalis albis quam calyx 2-3plo longioribus, fila- mentis pilosis basi monadelphis calyce longioribus. An acaulescent herb, half a foot high, with very slender long petioles. Leaflets membranous, an inch long, 4 in. broad, obtuse, green above, glaucous beneath, with a few long fine hairs on the midrib and margin. Peduncles very slender, half a foot long. Pedicels very slender, i in. long, with a whorl of minute lanceolate bracts at the base. Sepals glabrous, $ 10. long, green, with a reddish tip. Petals under 2 in. long. Stamens just longer than the calyx, the pilose filaments united in a basal cup.—Central Madagascar, Baron 2132! This belongs to the same group as O, variabilis and O. corymbosa. OXALIS VILLOSA, n. Sp. Herbacea, acaulis, dense persistenter villosa, petiolo quam folium longiore, foliis digitatim trifoliolatis, foliolis obovato-cuneatis integris, pedunculis folio subsequilongis, umbellis 6-8-floris, pedicellis brevibus dense pilosis, calycis segmentis oblongis obtusis, petalis albidis quam calyx triplo longi- oribus, staminibus pilosis basi monadelphis. An acaulescent herb, 2-3 in. high, with a slender cylindrical root; the whole plant densely clothed with short whitish pubes- cence. Leaves four or five to a rosette; petiole 4-1 in. long, densely villose ; leaflets 3, sessile, entire, 1-2 in. long and broad, green and thiuly coated with shining white hairs above, thickly matted with similar hairs beneath. Peduncles 2-8 to a rosette, about as long as the leaves, petiole included. Pedieels 4-3 in. long, with a whorl of minute lanceolate bracts at the base. Calyx gin. long. Petals obovate, 4 in. long. Stamens d in. long, the densely pilose filaments united in a tube at the base.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1801! Allied to the Cape O. sericea, L. OXALIS SIMULANS, n. sp. Herbacea, perennis, caulescens, breviter pubescens, foliis digitatim tri- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 113 foliolatis, foliolis deltoideis emarginatis, umbellis multis axillaribus 2-4- floris, pedunculis pedicellisque elongatis, calycis segmentis lanceolatis acutis, petalis pallide luteis quam calyx duplo longioribus, fructu cylindrico. An erect perennial herb, with a fusiform root ; the whole plant clothed with short persistent fine whitish pubescence. Stems slender, densely caspitose, erect, 1-1 ft. long. Petioles 1-2 in. long ; leaflets membranous, 2-1 in. long and broad, deeply emar- ginate, with two semiorbicular apical lobes. Peduncles 2-3 in. long; pedicels 1-2 in. long, with a whorl of lanceolate bracts at the base. Calyx lin. long. Capsule cylindrical, an inch long, with 5 short hooked styles—Central Madagascar, Dr. Parker! Baron 2110! So like O. stricta, that I thought at first it was a hairy variety ; but Mr. Baron’s specimens just received show that it has a stout fusiform perennial rootstock. Impartens LYALLIT, n. sp. Suffruticosa, ramulis flexuosis ferrugineo-pilosis, foliis magnis petiolatis oblanceolato-oblongis membranaceis crenatis setoso-ciliatis petiolo piloso, floribus solitariis axillaribus longe pedunculatis, sepalis lateralibus parvis lanceolatis, posteriore piloso deltoideo-naviculari cuspidato calcari subulato 15-18 lin. longo, petalis rubellis magnis suborbiculatis, ovario ad basin et apicem angustato. A shrub 3-6 feet high, with stoutish flexuose herbaceous branchlets, clothed with short ferruginous pubescence. Petiole pilose, 1-14 in. long, not ciliated with any large glands; blade reaching a length of half a foot, 1-1} in. broad above the middle, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, crenate, with a glandular bristle in each sinus, membranous, green and hispidulous on the upper surface, slightly ferruginous on the main veins beneath. Flowers solitary from the axils of the upper leaves on very slender ascending peduncles 2-33 in. long. Lateral sepals lanceolate, 1 in. long; basal sepal with a cuspidate deltoid-navieular hood-like lamina half an inch long, greenish brown and finely pilose outside, and a simple filiform spur 1-11 in. long. Petals pinkish, orbicular, not lobed, nearly an inch long and broad. Fruit oblong, glabrous, nearly an inch long, narrowed gradually both to base and apex.—Central Madagascar, sent long ago by Dr. Lyall as “49. Balsamina glandulifera.’ Gathered in 1862 by Dr. Meller in the forest of Befarona; and now Mr. Baron and Dr. Parker both send excel- lent specimens, the first as No. 1242, and the latter from the forest of Andrangaloaka. It is one of the finest species of the 114 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE whole genus, and would be very suitable to introduce for horti- cultural purposes. t is allied to a Comoro-Island plant, named long ago by Bojer, but, I believe, never characterized, of which I therefore give a description. IMPATIENS COMORENSIS, n. sp.—Balsamina comorensis, Bojer MSS. Suffruticosa glabra, ramulis crassiusculis flexuosis, foliis oblongis mem- branaceis acutis basi cuneatis crenatis setoso-ciliatis, petiolo glandulis magnis clavatis 2-4-jugis przdito, floribus axillaribus 3-4nis longe pedun- culatis, sepalis lateralibus parvis oblongis cuspidatis, posteriore naviculari caleari profunde bifido 15-18 lin. longo, petalis magnis orbiculatis rubellis haud lobatis, ovario ad basin et apicem angustato. A shrub 3-4 feet high, with stoutish flexuose glabrous herba- ceous branchlets. Petioles 1-13 in. long, often bulbilliferous in the axil, margined by 3-4 pairs of large clavate glands; blade 3-4 in. long, 12-2 in. broad, crenate, with a glandular bristle in each sinus, green and quite glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers 3-4 together in the axils of the upper leaves on very slender ascending peduncles 3—4 in. long. Lateral sepals oblong cuspi- date, i-3 in. long; posterior sepal with a deltoid funnel-shaped limb about half an inch long, and a deeply bifid filiform spur 15-18 lines long. Petals pinkish, an inch long, not lobed. Ovary narrowed gradually from the middle to the base and point. —“ In locis obscuris insule Juanne;” gathered and distributed long ago by Bojer. We have also specimens gathered in 1862 by Sir John Kirk, and in 1875 (No. 1575) by Dr. J. M. Hilde- brandt. There appear to be two other species in the island; but our material is not good enough to characterize either of them fully. IMPATIENS FIRMULA, N. 8p. Suffruticosa glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis acutis firmulis glanduloso-serratis, floribus axillaribus solitariis longe pedunculatis, sepalis lateralibus parvis lanceolatis, posteriore lamina deltoideo-navieulari calcari subulato pollicari vel ultra, petalis parvis rubellis, ovario oblongo utrinque attenuato. A branched undershrub, glabrous in all its parts, with siender firm ultimate branchlets. Petiole 4-4 in. long, sometimes (but not always) margined with two or three large clavate glands; blade 13-3 in. long, ?-l in. broad at the middle, narrowed to both ends, firm in texture for the genus, sometimes tinted purple, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 115 finely serrated, with a bristle in each sinus. Flowers ‘solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, on slender ascending peduncles 1-2 in. long. Lateral sepals minute, lanceolate ; posterior sepal with a deltoid-navieular lamina }-} in. long and broad, and a simple subulate spur 1-11 in. long. Petals reddish, the wings not more than 3 in. long and broad, not deeply lobed. Capsule 2 in. long, narrowed to both ends.—Central Madagascar; gathered long ago by Bojer and distributed as Impatiens capensis, and by Lyall (no. 50). Sent lately by Mr. Baron and by Dr. Parker from the forest of Andrangaloaka. I presume it is I. leptopoda, var. madagascariensis of O. Hoffm. in Rel. Ruten. v. 335; but the Ceylon plant is a flaecid annual herb, and this is à perennial with woody lower branches. IMPATIENS SALICIFOLIA, n. sp.—Balsamina salicifolia, Bojer MSS. Herbacea, glabra, foliis subsessilibus linearibus firmulis calloso-dentatis, floribus axillaribus 1-2nis longe pedunculatis, sepalis lateralibus oblongis acutis, posteriore limbo deltoideo-naviculari calcari subulato pollicari, petalis magnis latis rubellis haud lobatis, fructu oblongo ad apicem et basin angustato. An erect herb, glabrous in all its parts, with stout herbaceous erect little-branched stems. Leaves close, subsessile, erecto- patent, firm in texture for the genus, 3-4 in. long, 1-3 in. broad, narrowed gradually to the base and acute point, green on both surfaces, with a horny edge and a callus at the tip of the minute teeth. Flowers 1-2 together from the axils of the upper leaves on slender ascending peduncles 2-8 in. long. Lateral sepals greenish, 4 in. long; posterior sepal with a deltoid-navicular lamina 4 in. long, narrowed gradually into the subulate spur. Petals reddish, the wings nearly an inch long. Capsule oblong, 2 in. long, nar- rowed from the middle to the base and tip.—Central Madagascar ; gathered long ago by Bojer and distributed under the name of Balsamina salicifolia, and now refound by Mr. Baron (nos. 624 and 961). A closely allied species from the Ankaratra mountains has lately been described by Dr. O. Hoffmann (Reliq. Ruten. part v. p. 335) under the name of Impatiens Rutenbergii. IMPATIENS EMIRNENSIS, N. Sp. Herbacea, glabra, ramis gracilibus fragilibus, foliis oblongis acutis inem- branaceis crenatis setoso-denticulatis, petiolo glandulis magnis clavatis przdito, floribus in axillis foliorum 3-5nis umbellatis, sepalis lateralibus 116 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE lanceolatis, posteriore limbo parvo naviculari calcari subulato semipollicari, petalis latis rubellis magnitudine mediocribus haud lobatis, ovario oblongo utrinque angustato. Anannual herb, with long slender fragile glabrous stramineous branches. Leaves distant, alternate ; petiole i-i in. long, mar- gined with 2-3 pairs of large clavate glands ; blade very membra- nous, 3-4 in. long, 1-11 in. broad at the middle, narrowed gra- dually to the base and aeute point, with a few inconspicuous bristles on the upper surface, minutely erenate, with a small bristle in each sinus. Flowers umbelled in the axils of several of the upper leaves, the slender peduncles not more than an inch long. Lateral sepals oblong-cuspidate, membranous, glabrous, 4-1 in. long; posterior sepal with a navieular lamina 1 in. Jong and broad, and a spur half an inch long. Petals reddish, the side ones 3 in. long and broad. Ovary oblong, narrowed to the base and tip.—Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Bojer! Lyall 51! Baron 744! Easily recognized from the other Madagascar species by its umbelled flowers. IMPATIENS TRICHOCERAS, n. sp. Herbacca, ramulis gracilibus fragilibus apice ferrugineo-pilosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis membranaceis crenatis setoso-ciliatis, petiolo haud glanduloso, floribus axillaribus 1-2nis longe pedunculatis, sepalis pilosis lateralibus lanceolatis, posteriore lamina deltoideo-naviculari calcari subulato 12-15 lin. longo, petalis parvis latis rubellis, ovario utrinque attenuato. A flaccid herb, with very slender fragile branches ferrugineo- pilose towards the tip. Leaves distant, alternate ; petiole 2-1 in. long, without any large clavate glands; blade 11-2 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, acute, cuneate at the base, membranous, dark green, crenate, with a glandular bristle in each sinus. Flowers 1-2 together from the axils of the upper leaves, on slender ascending pilose peduncles 1-14 in. long. Lateral sepals lanceo- late, } in. long; posterior sepal pilose, with a deltoid-navicular lamina j-3 in. long, and a subulate pilose spur 1-14 in. long. Petals reddish, the wings under lin. long. Ovary narrowed from the middle to both ends.— Central Madagascar, Lyall 46! We have also two other Madagascar species gathered by Dr. Lyall, one a flaccid annual near Z. capensis, Thunb., and the other a shrubby species near T. firmula ; but of both the material is too incomplete to characterize them properly. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 117 EvoprA DENSIFLORA, n. sp. E.ramulisapice pilosis, foliis digitatim trifoliolatis, petiolo conspicue alato, foliolis obovato-cuneatis obtusis subcoriaceis glabris, floribus tetrameris in paniculas axillares densifloras breviter pedunculatas ramis corymbosis dis- positis, pedicellis brevibus pilosis, calycis minuti segmentis rotundatis, petalis oblongis calyce 3-4plo longioribus, staminibus exsertis filamentis applanatis, ovario in flore masculo rudimentario. A forest-tree, 20 or 80 feet high, with crowded branchlets, pilose towards the tip. Leaves opposite; petiole 1-12 in. long, with a rigid wing 4.5 in. broad at the top, narrowed gradually to the base; leaflets 1-2 in. long, obtuse, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, subcoriaceous, drab-green and glabrous on both surfaces, minutely black-dotted beneath, the fine ascend- ing main veins anastomosing by arches within the margin. Panicles dense, produced from the axils of the upper leaves, about as long as the leaves; peduncle and branches densely pilose ; branches corymbose. Calyx 4 line long, with 4 rounded lobes. Petals oblong, } in. long. Stamens half as long again as the petals; anthers oblong, purple; filaments flattened, glabrous. Ovary globose, densely pilose. Fruit not seen.—Central Mada- gascar, in the forest of the province of Imerina, Parker! Baron 1925! EvODIA CELASTRACEA, n. sp. E. ramulis obscure pilosis, foliis oppositis simplicibus oblongis integris coriaceis glabris, paniculis axillaribus pedunculatis laxifloris ramis corym- bosis, pedicellis flori zquilongis, calycis minuti segmentis 4 rotundis, petalis 4 oblongis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus, staminibus petalis aqui- longis filamentis applanatis, fructu 4-cocco semine nigro nitido. A tree, with crowded slender erecto-patent obscurely pilose branchlets. Petiole 1-1 in. long, articulated at the tip; blade always simple, 2-3 in. long, 4-3 in. broad, obtuse, deltoid at the base, subcoriaceous, drab-green on both surfaces, distinetly black- dotted, with numerous ascending distinct main veins. Panicles about as long as the leaves, peduncled, with few corymbose branchlets; pedicels slender, about as long as the tetramerous flowers. Calyx 4 line long, pilose, with 4 semiorbicular segments. Petals oblong, in. long. Stamens with oblong anthers and pilose flattened filaments. Fruit of 4 or fewer emarginate rigid cocci J in. broad, with a single black shining seed in each the size of a small pea.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1156! 1927! 118 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE Allied to E. Chapelieri, Baillon in Adansonia, x. 326, and Æ. ma- dagascariensis, Baker in Trimen's Journ. 1882, p. 43. Toppatra (§ VEPRIS) SCHMIDELIOIDES, n. sp. Inermis, ramulis pilosis, foliis trifoliolatis longe petiolatis, foliolis oblongis subcoriaceis obscure pilosis distincte petiolulatis, floribus polygamis in paniculas axillares dispositis, pedunculis pedicellisque pilosis, calycis seg- mentis 4 deltoideis, petalis 4 oblongis albidis, masculis staminibus perfectis 8 ovario parvo, foemineis ovario globoso stigmate magno lobato, fructu globoso glabro intus glutinoso. A tree, with slender densely pilose terete woody branchlets. Petiole 11-2 in., densely pilose; leaflets 3, oblong, cuneate at the base, narrowed to an obtuse point, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in. long, 1-11 in. broad at the middle, bright green and glabrous above, finely veined, obscurely pilose and gland-dotted beneath, the main veins anastomosing in intramarginal arches, the end leaflet with a pilose petiolule 4 in. long, and the side one with petiolules half as long. Flowers in copious axillary panicles much shorter than the leaves; peduncles and pedicels densely pilose, the latter as long as the flowers. Calyx 4 line long, densely pilose, with 4 deltoid segments. Petals 4, oblong, whitish, gland-dotted, g in. long. Male flowers with a rudimentary ovary and 8 perfect stamens, with suborbicular anthers shorter than the filaments. Female flower with a large globose ovary with a large capitate sessile lobed stigma and 8 rudimentary stamens. Fruit globose, glabrous, very glandular, 1-] in. in diam.—* In sylvis vastis Befouroun," Bojer, who distributed it as an Ornitrophe; and now regathered both in fruit and flower by Mr. Baron, no. 1102 and 1282. CASSINOPSIS CILIATA, n. sp. C. ramulis pilosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis integris subcoriaceis primum ciliatis facie viridibus seabris dorso pilosis, floribus in paniculas axillares cymosas breviter peduuculatas dispositis, bracteis deltoideis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis pilosi segmentis orbicularibus imbricatis, corolle tubo brevi segmentis oblongis, filamentis brevissimis, ovario glabro, stylo subnullo, stigmate capitato. A tree, with the habit of Rhamnus Frangula, with moderately stout woody densely pilose branches. Leaves opposite, with a pilose petiole 4-3 in. long; blade 3-4 in. long, oblong, acute, rounded at the base, 14-2 in. broad, densely ciliated with a fringe of firm erecto-patent brown bristly hairs when young, dark green FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 119 and scabrous above, paler, with 5-6-jugate raised ferrugineo- pilose arcuate-ascending main veins, beneath. Flowers in deltoid peduncled axillary cymes about an inch long. Calyx jy in. broad, with 5 orbicular obtuse pilose brown segments. Corolla 3 in. long, with 5 spreading segments, connate in a short tube at the base. Stamens 5, inserted in the corolla-tube, with very short filaments and oblong anthers. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, with a short style and capitate stigma.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1753! We have specimens of the other Madagascar species (C. madagascariensis, Baill. Adans. xi. 180), gathered both by Bojer and Lyall 148. CnarrLETIA ($ Levcosra) DISCOLOR, n. sp. Arborea, ramulis persistenter brunneo-tomentosis, foliis breviter petio- latis obovato-oblongis acutis facie viridibus brevissime pubescentibus dorso albido-incanis venulosis, floribus in cymas parvas laterales paucifloras dis- positis, pedicellis flori «quilongis, calycis segmentis lanceolatis tomen- tosis, petalis oblanceolatis integris nigro-purpureis quam calyx vix longi- oribus, staminibus petalis zquilongis, stylo apice cuspidato. A tree, with slender terete branchlets, densely and persistently clothed with short bright brown pubescence. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, 3-4 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, green and obscurely pilose above, clothed with thin persistent whitish tomentum beneath, with raised veins and veinlets. Flowers in short peduncled lateral cymes, either with or without a large leaf from the base. Calyx à in. long, densely brown-tomentose, cut down nearly to the base into lanceolate segments. Petals oblanceolate, purplish black, scarcely longer than the calyx. Filaments filiform; anthers minute, suborbieular. Style half as long as the fila- ments, distinctly cuspidate at the tip. Fruit of two pilose lobes the size of a pea.—Forest of Alamazaotra, Baron 1403! Allied to C. Bojeri, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. viii. p. 85. HARTOGIA ? TRILOBOCARPA, n. Sp. Glaberrima, ramulis foliisque oppositis, foliis brevissime petiolatis obovato-oblongis crassis rigidis inciso-crenatis, cymis axillaribus pauci- floris breviter pedunculatis, calycis segmentis 5 orbicularibus minutis, petalis 5 ovato-oblongis quam calyx duplo longioribus, fructu capsulari tur- binato triloculari apice depresso trilobato. A much-branched shrub or small tree, glabrous in allits parts, with slender contiguous erecto-patent woody ultimate branchlets, LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. xx. K 120 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE Petiole very short; blade 1-14 in. long, 4-3 in. broad, obtuse, thick and rigid in texture, inciso-crenate above the deltoid base, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with fine close veining. Flowers 1-3 together in copious axillary cymes shorter than the leaves; pedicels finally 41; in.long. Expanded fruit-calyx y in. in diam.; segments orbicular. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens with a filament as long as the orbicular incurved anther. Fruit a turbinate indehiscent brown coriaceous capsule under d in. long, with a depression tipped with the short persistent style in the centre of the three-lobed apex and single exarillate seed in each of the three cells.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1183! Will, not unlikely, prove a new genus. GYMNOSPORIA CRATJEGINA, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, spinosa, foliis petiolatis subcoriaceis ovato-oblongis obtusis serrulatis, cymis axillaribus compositis pedunculatis, pedicellis flore longioribus, bracteis minutis lanceolato-deltoideis, calycis segmentis 5 orbicularibus valde imbricatis, petalis ovatis quam calyx 2-3plo longiori- bus, staminibus calyci sequilongis. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with terete rather flexuose branchlets, armed with deflexed woody pungent cylindrical spines l-iin.long. Leaves alternate or fascicled on short suppressed branchlets; petiole under 1 in. long; blade 14-2 in. long, obtuse, deltoid at the base, subcoriaceous, dark green above, drab-green beneath, with fine immersed veins. Flowers 10-20 in copious peduncled axillary cymes, which are sometimes as long as the leaves; pedicels 3-4 in. long. Calyx half a line long ; segments 5, orbicular, much imbricated. Petals 4l; in. long. Stamens 5, with filiform inflexed filaments and minute orbicular anthers. Fruit ‘not seen.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1194! 2102! A near ally of G. leptopus and G. berberidacea. GYMNOSPORIA BERBERIDACEA, n. Sp. Ramosissima, glabra, spinosa, foliis parvis subcoriaceis brevissime petio- latis obovatis vel oblongis obscure crenatis szepe ad axillas spinarum fasci- culatis, floribus minutis 4-5meris in cymas copiosas pedunculatas 4-5- floras dispositis, pedicellis brevibus, bracteis minutis deltoideis, sepalis orbicularibus ciliatis, petalis obovatis quam sepala 2-3plo longioribus, stami- nibus inclusis. A much-branched erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Spines pungent, woody, straight, slender, i-i in. long. Leaves alter- nate or often fascicled in the axils of the spines, through the non- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 121 development of branchlets, nearly sessile, 1-4 in. long, obtuse, cuneate at the base, firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in copious 1-2nate axillary cymes on slender peduncles 3-3 in. long; pedicels about as long as the flower, with small deltoid persistent brown bracts at the base. Expanded calyx not more than 4 lin. in diam. ; sepals 4-5, unequal, orbicular, much imbricated, fimbriato-ciliate. Petals obovate, 4 line long. Stamens 4-5, just longer than the calyx. Fruit unknown.—Cen- tral Madagascar, Lyall 346! Baron 781! 2054! A close ally of Gymnosporia leptopus (Catha leptopus, Tulasne in Ann. Se. Nat. sér. 4, viii. 100), which differs by its longer peduncles, more nume- rous flowers in a cyme, and larger pale green leaves more narrowed at the base. That also has the same Berberis-like habit of growth, with the leaves often fascicled in the axils of the spines. GYMNOSPORIA PANICULATA, D. Sp. Glaberrima, ramis spinis magnis patulis pungentibus armatis, foliis ses- silibus oblanceolatis coriaceis pallidis serrulatis, floribus minutis pentameris in cymas sessiles multifloras in paniculam angustam aggregatas dispositis, pedicellis flori squilongis, bracteis minutis deltoideis persistentibus, sepalis orbicularibus, petalis obovatis quam calyx 2-3plo longioribus, stami- nibus inclusis. A shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with whitish terete woody branchlets, armed with copious spreading straight pungent spines 1-2 in. long, which sometimes bear leaves. Leaves sessile, 1-14 in. long, 3-3 in. broad, firm in texture, pale green on both sur- faces, minutely serrulate, obtuse, narrowed from the middle to the base. Cymes sessile, densely many-flowered, under half an inch long and broad, forming an entirely leafless peduncled ter- minal panicle halfa foot long, under an inch broad; pedicels about as long as the flowers; bracts minute, deltoid, persistent. Calyx not more than 3 lin. in diam. ; sepals orbicular, much imbri- cated, coriaceous, subentire. Petals obovate, 4 lin. long. Bud globose, 4 lin. in diam. Fruit unknown.—Central Madagascar, Bojer! ELXZODENDRON OLIGANTHUM, n. Sp. Glabrum, foliis parvis breviter petiolatis oblongis obtusis coriaceis cre- natis, cymis copiosis axillaribus 3-4-floris, pedunculis pedicellisque brevi- bus, calycis segmentis deltoideis, petalis orbicularibus imbricatis, stami- nibus calyci xquilongis, fructu duro glabro parvo brunneo iutegro vel lobato. K 2 122 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE A shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with slender woody terete branchlets. Leaves alternate ; petiole 3-1 in. long ; blade 1-12 in. long, under an inch broad, oUtse. deltord at the base, thick and rigid in texture, dark green above, drab beneath, with fine incon- spicuous veining. Flowers in copious small cymes in the axils of the leaves; peduncle 1-1 in. long; pedicels a little longer than the flowers; bracts minute, deltoid. Calyx minute, with 5 deltoid lobes. Expanded corolla not more than 4; in. in diam. ; petals orbicular, yellowish green, much imbrieated. Fruit hard, brown, globose, 3-4 in. in diam., simple or two-lobed.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1938! 2159! ELEODENDRON PILOSUM, n. sp. E. ramulis pilosis, foliis parvis alternis breviter petiolatis subcoriacels obovatis vel oblongis subintegris facie glabris dorso obscure pilosis, cymis axillaribus 2-3-floris breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis brevibus, bracteis minutis deltoideis persistentibus, calycis segmentis 5 deltoideis, petalis 5 parvis orbicularibus luteo-viridibus, staminibus quam poe duplo breviori- bus, fructu biloculari putamine crasso corneo. A shrub, with very slender densely pilose terete woody branchlets. Petiole 3-1 in., densely pilose ; blade 3-14 in. long, 1-i in. broad, obtuse, rounded at the base, obscurely crenulate, firm in texture, green on both surfaces, with fine ascending main veins, obscurely pilose beneath. Cymes copious, axillary, shorter than the leaves, 2-3-flowered; pedicels not longer than the flowers, pilose, with small persistent deltoid bracts at the base. Expanded corolla 4!; in. in diam.; sepals pilose, half as long as the orbicular petals. Disk large, pentagonal. Stamens 5, not more than half as long as the petals; anthers orbicular. Drupe not larger than a pea, oblong, 2-celled, with a thick bony endocarp. —Central Madagascar, Baron 1204! Vitis (§ Cissus) LENTICELLATA, n. sp. Fruticosa, glabra, ramulis gracilibus sarmentosis cirriferis copiose lenticellatis, foliis simplicibus obovato-oblongis cuspidatis serratis brevis- sime petiolatis firmulis glabris, floribus tetrameris in cymas laxas pauci- floras breviter pedunculatas dispositis, pedicellis quam flos 2-3plo longiori- bus, calyce campanulato truncato, petalis oblongis viridibus, staminibus bre- vibus. A woody climber, with slender branchlets roughened with copious lenticels and long tendrils of firm texture. Petiole not more than }-} in.; blade obovate-oblong, cuspidate, rounded at FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 123 the base, ineonspieuously or sometimes distinctly serrated, 11-2 in. long, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers few together in cymes on short peduncles, which sometimes are aggregated into a panicle at the end of the branchlets; pedicels glabrous, 3-4 in. long. Calyx campanulate, 2 lin. in diam., quite truncate. Petals greenish, oblong. Disk very prominent. Stamens very short. Immature fruit glabrous, oblong.—Central Madagascar in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 404! 439! 1294! 1934! Allied to F. producta, Afzel., of Sierra Leone. Vitis ($ Crssvs) TRITERNATA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis gracilibus glabris sarmentosis copiose cirriferis, foliis triternatis, foliolis oblongis cuspidatis serratis membranaceis utrinque viri- dibus glabris, floribus minutis tetrameris in cymas multifloras dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calyce patellaformi obscure lobato, petalis oblongis viridibus, staminibus 4 quam petala brevioribus, A climber, with very slender woody glabrous branchlets with copious simple or compound slender tendrils. Fully developed leaves deltoid, 2-3 in. long and broad, triternately compound, with a common petiole about an inch long; leaflets oblong, with a large cusp, 1-1 in. long, narrowed to a rounded base, strongly serrated, thin in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lateral, 1-1} in. broad, with three main forks, bearing Sometimes 100 flowers, the peduncle 1-14 in. long, sometimes bearing a small petioled biternate leaf; branches pilose; final pedicels very short. Bud globose, not more than half a line in diam. Calyx patelleform, green, obscurely 4-lobed. Petals 4, oblong, greenish, 1 line long. Stamens 4, shorter than the petals. Berry unknown.—Central Madagascar, Baron 743! Nearly allied to V. biternata, Baker in Trimen's Journ. 1882, p. 90. CALYXCIFLORE. LEBECKIA? RETAMOIDES, n. sp. Fruticosa, erecta, ramosissima, ramulis erectis virgatis multisulcatis aphyllis superne pilosis, floribus ad apices ramorum paucis laxe racemosis, bracteis minutis deltoideis, calycis pilosi tubo campanulato dentibus 5 tubo zequilongis, petalis rubellis calycem duplo superantibus, vexillo orbi- culari extus velutino, carina obtusa quam vexillum paulo breviore, legumine cylindrico parvo albido velutino septato 5-6-spermo. An erect shrub, with the habit of our English broom (Saro- 124 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE thamnus), but entirely leafless, with very numerous slender wiry multisuleate branchlets, glabrous except towards the tip. Proper leaves none, the branchlets subtended only at the base by minute lanceolate rigid persistent bracts. Flowers few, in lax irregular racemes towards the tip of the branchlets, on densely pilose pedicels +—3 in. long, with a minute bract at the base. Calyx 4 in. long, densely pilose, with 5 distinct lanceolate-deltoid teeth as long as the tube. Corolla reddish, twice as long as the calyx ; standard orbicular, 4 in. broad ; wings and keel a little shorter than the standard. Stamens monadelphous, 4 in. long, the tube closed along the top in an early stage. Legume cylindrical 1-1 in. long, } in. broad, rigid in texture, densely persistently white- silky, with septa between the small globose seeds.— Central Mada- gascar, Baron 1827! A curious plant, entirely leafless so far as our material goes. The genus Lebeckia is known at the Cape only. CROTALARIA ORTHOCLADA, n. 8p. Herbacea, perennis, erecta, ramosa, glabra, stipulis foliaceis persistenti- bus, foliis petiolatis, digitatim trifoliolatis, foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis, racemis terminalibus laxis multifloris, pedicellis calyci zequilongis, bracteis caducis minutis, calycis dentibus tubo æquilongis, petalis quam calyx duplo longioribus, legumine stipitato lineari-oblongo glabro 6-8-spermo. An erect copiously-branched perennial herb, several feet high, glabrous in all its parts, with long stiff erecto-patent branchlets. Petiole 1-3 in. long; stipules lanceolate, foliaceous, persistent, as long as the petiole; leaflets 1-3 in. long, shortly petiolulate, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, l-nerved. Flowers 6-12 in lax terminal pe- duncled racemes; pedicels -4 in. long. Calyx 1-l in. long; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, as long as the campanulate tube. Co- rolla twice as long as the calyx ; standard orbieular; keel } in. deep in the centre. Legume linear-oblong, brown, glabrous, 1-i in. long, with a stipe as long as the calyx.—Central Mada- gascar, Baron 2063! Closely allied to C. goreensis, Guill. & Perot., as is also the next species. CROTALARIA TENUIS, n. sp, Herbacea, perennis, glabra, caulibus gracillimis basi decumbentibus, stipulis magnis foliaceis persistentibus, foliis petiolatis digitatim trifolio- Jatis, foliolis oblanceolatis, racemis laxis paucifloris terminalibus, pedicellis calyci zquilongis, bracteis minutis caducis, calycis segmentis lanceolato- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 125 deltoideis tubo campanulato aquilongis, petalis quam calyx duplo longiori- bus, ovario glabro pedicellato lineari-oblongo. A perennial herb, under a foot high, with very slender stems ascending in the upper half, glabrous in all its parts. Petiole i-4 in. long; stipules lanceolate, foliaceous, as long as the petiole; leaflets 1 in. long, obtuse, with a minute mucro. Flowers 3-6 in very lax terminal racemes; pedicels }-} in. long; bracts very minute, lanceolate. Calyx 1 in. long; teeth lanceolate or lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla 4 in. long; standard orbicular. Ovary linear-oblong, glabrous, stipitate, many-ovuled.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1862! 2149! ARGYROLOBIUM EMIRNENSE, n. sp. Herbaceum, perenne, ramosissimum dense pilosum, foliis trifoliolatis bre- viter petiolatis, stipulis lanceolatis persistentibus, foliolis oblongis euspi- datis utrinque dense pilosis, floribus I-2nis axillaribus longe pedunculatis, pedicellis brevissimis, calyce profunde bilabiato dentibus parvis lanceolatis, carina et alis obovatis, legumine lineari recto 8-10-spermo haud toruloso intus continuo. A herbaceous perennial, densely branched from the crown of the root, with slender terete densely pilose stems about half a foot long. Petiole not more than 3-4 in. Stipules lanceolate, persistent, pilose, as long as the petiole; leaflets 3, sessile, obovate or oblong, densely pilose on both surfaces, the end one i-i in. long, the side ones smaller. Flowers 1-2 on axillary peduncles 2-3 in. long; pedicels very short; bracts minute, Calyx 1 in. long, infundibuliform, pilose, deeply bila- linear. Standard obovate, biate; teeth of both lips small, lanceolate. obtuse, twice as long as the calyx, hairy on the outside. Wings obovate, a little longer than calyx, equalling the keel. Pod linear, 1-11 in. long, 3 in. broad, straight, glabrous when mature, nearly flat, not at all torulose, not at all septate internally. Seeds 8-10, orbicular, glabrous.— Central Madagascar, Baron 846! 1793! Allied to the common Himalayan 4. flaccidum. Adds this Cape, Tropical-African, and East-Indian genus to the Madagascar flora. GENISTA? MADAGASCARIENSIS, n. Sp. Fruticosa, ramulis virgatis multisuleatis glabris, foliis rudimentariis simplicibus pilosis fasciculatis, floribus solitariis axillaribus breviter pedi- cellatis, calycis bilabiati tubo campanulato, labiis deltoideis, inferiore tridentato, petalis angustis qualibus quam calyx triplo longioribus, legu- mine lineari-oblongo compresso polyspermo. 126 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE A much-branched erect shrub, with the habit of our common English broom (Sarothamnus scoparius), with wiry multisulcate firm slender branches and copious erect branchlets. Leaves only seen in a rudimentary state, contemporary with the flowers, in tufts on short suppressed branchlets, sessile, simple lanceolate, densely pilose. Flowers solitary on short pedicels from the axils of the leaves. Calyx 74, in. long, with two deltoid lips shorter than the tube, the lower obscurely 3-toothed. Corolla white, l in. long; standard and wings narrow ; keel narrow, obtuse, all about equalinlength. Stamens united in the lower half into a tube slit along the top by the expanding ovary. Immature legume linear-oblong, laterally flattened, densely pilose, tipped by the filiform curved glabrous style.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1727! A curious plant, of which the systematic position is doubtful, for want of developed leaves and legume in mature condition, with seeds. Likely it may prove a new genus. INDIGOFERA THYMOIDES, n. sp. Herbacea, perennis, caulibus capillaribus decumbentibus copiose ramosis, stipulis minutis deltoideis, foliis brevissime petiolatis digitatim trifolio- latis, foliolis minutis ovatis mucronatis parce hispidis, racemis axillaribus pedunculatis laxissime 3-4-floris, pedicellis quam calyx longioribus, bracteis minutis caducis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato zequilongis, petalis lilacinis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus, ovario cylindrico glabro multiovulato. A much-branched perennial herb, with very slender trailing stems a foot or more long. Petiole very short; leaflets 4j in. long, firm in texture, dark green, distinctly mucronate, with a few adpressed white bristly hairs. Flowers in axillary racemes on peduncles 1-13 in. long ; pedicels very slender, ;';—% in. long ; bracts minute, deltoid, eaducous. Calyx not more than j line long, teeth lanceolate, as long as the campanulate tube, Corolla lilac, 4 in. long. Mature legume not seen.—Central Madagas- car, Baron 1812! 2047! Differs from all the Tropical-A frican Dissitiflorz by its trifoliolate leaves. INDIGOFERA PARKERI, n. sp, Suffruticosa, ramulis gracilibus apice obscure pilosis, foliis imparipin- natis, foliolis 5 alternis obovatis cuspidatis obscure strigillosis, racemis multifloris subdensis pedunculatis folio longioribus, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo brevi dentibus elongatis acuminatis, petalis rubris quam calyx paulo longioribus, legumine recto lineari subtetragono 8-10-spermo obscure piloso, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 127 A shrub, with slender terete woody greenish branchlets, obscurely pilose towards the tip only. Leaf 1-1} in. long, shortly petioled ; stipules lanceolate, persistent ; leaflets obovate- cuneate, 2—1 in. long, subobtuse, with a minute muero, alternate, minutely petiolulate, moderately firm in texture, green with a few adpressed white bristly hairs on both surfaces. Racemes moderately dense, 1-2 in. long, on peduncles about as long as the leaves; pedicels very short. Calyx l in. long, with a cam- panulate tube and linear setaceous teeth 2-3 times as long as the tube. Corolla bright red, half as long again as the calyx. Pod straight, under an inch long, 3 lin. broad, thinly pilose, the valves strongly keeled, not torulose, 8-10-seeded, septate between the seeds.—Central Madagascar, Parker! Nearly allied to the common Indian Z. trita, L. fil., and T. subulata, Vahl. INDIGOFERA PINIFOLIA, n. sp. Suffruticosa, ramulis gracillimis albo-sericeis, foliis brevissime petiolatis imparipinnatis, stipulis linearibus persistentibus, foliolis 9-11 linearibus l-nervis firmulis hispidis margine revolutis, racemis laxis axillaribus pauci- floris pedunculatis, bracteis lanceolatis persistentibus, calycis dentibus deltoideo-cuspidatis tubo campanulato æquilongis, petalis lilacinis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus, ovario cylindrico multiovulato. A much-branched undershrub, not more than a foot long, with slender wiry stems densely clothed with adpressed white bristly hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, about } in. long, 3 in. broad; stipules lanceolate, as long as the petiole; leaflets 3-5 in. long, l-nerved, firm in texture, with very revolute edges, densely clothed with adpressed white bristly hairs. Racemes copious, moderately close, 6-8-flowered, two or three times as long as the leaves; pedicels 3-1 in. long ; bracts minute, lanceolate-deltoid, persistent. Calyx Į} in. long, densely bristly; teeth deltoid- cuspidate. Corolla lilac, 4 in. long ; standard orbicular, emar- ginate, } in. broad, hairy on the outside. Mature legume not seen.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2136! Group of Tinctoria, allied to I. Bojeri and T. pedunculata. INDIGOFERA PECTINATA, n. 8p. Suffruticosa, ramulis glabris, foliis imparipinnatis distantibus brevissime petiolatis, stipulis lanceolatis persistentibus, foliolis /-9 lanceolatis acutis facie glabris dorso obscure strigillosis, racemis multifloris elongatis quam folium 2-3plo longioribus, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo brevi, seg- mentis elongatis lineari-setaceis, petalis rubris quam calyx paulo longiori- bus, ovario lineari multiovulato. 128 MR. J. G. BAKER ON TIIE A shrub, with slender terete green glabrous branchlets. Leaf 13-2 in. long; petiole very short; bracts persistent, scariose, lanceolate acuminate, 4 in. long ; leaflets lanceolate, ?-1 in. long, 2 in. broad, narrowed to the base and acute point, moderately firm in texture, green on both surfaces, glabrous above, with a thin coating of adpressed white bristly hairs beneath. Racemes 2-3 in. long, dense upwards, lax lower down, on axillary peduncles 1-14 in. long; pedicels very short. Calyx g in. long, with a short tube and long linear-setaceous teeth. Corolla red, glabrous, half as long again asthe calyx. Ovary linear, glabrous, multiovulate. Pod not seen.—Central Madagascar, Baron 746! Allied to I. Heudelotii, Benth., of West Tropical Africa, and I. pedunculata (Hils. et Bojer), Baker in Trimen's Journ. 1882, p. 67. Probably this latter is identical with T. Bojeri, Vatke in Rel. Ruten. ii. 245; but the previously named J. Bojeri, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 266, is a different species. INDIGOFERA LYALLII, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis dense pubescentibus, folis imparipinnatis breviter petiolatis, stipulis lineari-setaceis pilosis, foliolis 15-23 oblongis obtusis mucronatis distincte petiolulatis utrinque pilosis, racemis densis axillaribus peduneulatis folio sub:zquilongis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis pilosi tubo campanulato dentibus setaceis tubo longioribus, petalis rubellis quam calyx triplo longioribus, legumine lineari 5-6-spermo septato. A shrub or small tree, with densely pilose woody slender branch- lets. Leaves crowded, 3-4 in. long; petiole 1-3 in.; stipules as long as the petiole, persistent; leaflets 7-11-jugate, opposite, about 3 in. long, rounded at both ends, with a very distinct mucro, dark green and thinly pilose above, pale green and densely pilose with a brown costa beneath. Racemes copious, axillary, 1-13 in. long, with a peduncle about as long; pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx 4l in. long, densely pilose; teeth setaceous, unequal, plumose, longer than the tube. Corolla 4 in. long, bright red; standard pilose on the back. Pod 1-14 in. long, 4; in. broad, straight, turgid, not torulose.— Central Mada- gascar, gathered long ago by Bojer and Lyall (241) and now by Baron (941). Closely allied to I. stachyodes, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxix. t. 14, and the well-known Indian J. pulchella, Roxb. TEPHROSIA MONANTHA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis pilosis, stipulis lanceolatis, foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis 13-15 oblanceolatis obtusis facie subglabris dorso dense albido- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 129 sericeis, floribus solitariis axillaribus breviter pedicellatis, calycis brunneo- sericei dentibus tubo equilongis, petalis rubris quam calyx 3-4plo longiori- bus, ovario cylindrico piloso multiovulato. A branched shrub, with the old branchlets woody and calvate, the young branchlets densely pilose. —Petiole 4 in. long, very silky ; stipules lanceolate, pilose, persistent, + in. long ; leaf 2-3 in. long; leaflets 2-2 in. long, obtuse, m T firm in texture, bright green and nearly alae on the upper surface, densely white-silky beneath. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves on silky pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx 4 in. long, densely brown-silky ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, as long as the tube. Corolla ? in. long, petals equal in length ; standard silky on the outside. Ovary cylindrical, silky, many-ovuled. Mature legume not seen.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1852! MuNDULEA REVOLUTA, D. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis dense pubescentibus, foliis imparipinnatis petiolatis, foliolis 5-11 lanceolatis crassis coriaceis margine revolutis, floribus in racemos breves subdensos axillares et terminales breviter pedunculatos dispositis, pedicellis calyci subzequilongis, calycis pilosi dentibus parvis lanceolatis vel deltoideis, petalis rubellis calycem triplo superantibus, vexillo extus persistenter sericeo, legumine parvo lanceolato crasso dense piloso 1-4-spermo. A shrub, with slender terete woody densely pubescent branch- lets. Leaves 2-3 in. long including the 2 in. petiole; stipules minute, lanceolate, deciduous; rhachis densely pilose; leaflets opposite, nearly sessile, the upper 15-2 in. long, 4 in. broad, the lower shorter, thick and rigid in texture, with E y revolute edges, densely pilose on both surfaces, especially beneath. Racemes short, dense, axillary and terminal, panicled at the end of the branchlets; bracts minute; pedicels finally as long as the calyx. Calyx campanulate, densely silky; teeth lanceolate or deltoid, scarcely as long as the tube. Corolla reddish, 3-4 in. long; standard orbicular, with a claw, densely silky on the out- side. Stamens nearly as long as the corolla; free part of the filaments dilated Hp Pod sessile, lanceolate, dehiscent, 1-11 in. long, 1-1 in. broad, very thick in texture, flat on the E of the dod sericeous valves. Seeds not more than 4, glabrous, blackish.—Central Madagasear, Baron 957! Known long ago and cultivated by Mr. Barclay and in the Mauritius Botanic Garden. It is called Dalbergia Barclayi in the Kew 130 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE herbarium, but is not the plant figured as such in Hooker's Exotie Flora, t. 188. ÆSCHYNOMENE HEURCKEANA, n. sp. Fruticosa, glabra, ramulis gracillimis, stipulis magnis persistentibus lanceolato-sagittatis, foliis zqualiter pinnatis breviter petiolatis, foliolis 0-12-jugis lineari-oblongis, racemis axillaribus laxissimis paucifloris pedunculis pedicellisque hispidis, bracteis bracteolisque lanceolatis persis- tentibus, calycis dentibus parvis 2 superioribus deltoideis, inferioribus lanceolatis, petalis luteis quam calyx paulo longioribus, legumine stipitato plano glabro articulis 2 oblongis. A shrub 3-5 feet high, with very slender woody glabrous brown branchlets. Leaves about an inch long including the short petiole; stipules lanceolate, 4 in. long, with a pair of distinct lanceolate spurs at the base ; leaflets contiguous, sensitive, shortly petiolulate, } in. long, moderately firm in texture, obtuse, with a minute muero. Racemes axillary, about as long as the leaves ; pedicels 3-4 in. long, with a. pair of persistent shortly spurred lanceolate bracts at the base. Calyx glabrous, 4 in. long, with a pair of persistent lanceolate bracteoles adpressed to it; teeth all small, those of the upper lip deltoid, of the lower lanceolate. Corolla yellow, glabrous, i in. long. Pod flat, glabrous, dis- tinctly stipitate, with two oblique oblong articulations 4—4 in. long.— Central Madagascar, an old specimen in Herb. Kew. with- out collector’s name and now regathered by Dr. G. W. Parker and Mr. Baron (2059). Like the Angolan Æ. acutangula, W elw., this connects the two sections Euæschynomene and Ochopodium, combining the habit and legume of the latter with the sagittate stipules of the former. ÆSCHYNOMENE (ŞOCHOPODIUM) LAXIFLORA, Bojer MSS. Fruticosa, glabra, ramulis gracillimis, stipulis parvis persistentibus ovato- cuspidatis basi haud sagittatis, foliis æqualiter pinnatis brevissime petiolatis, folis 8-10-jugis oblongis parvis firmulis, racemis axillaribus laxissime 3-4-floris folio longioribus, pedicellis brevibus, bracteolis minutis persis- tentibus, calyce bilabiato lobis subintegris, petalis luteis quam calyx duplo longioribus, ovario stipitato hispido articulis 2-3. A small shrub, with very slender terete brown branchlets. Leaves not more than an inch long, with very short petioles, with a pair of rigid ovate persistent stipules ,-} in. long at the base; leaflets 4 in. long, very obtuse, with a minute mucro, sub- coriaceous in texture, with distant erecto-patent veins raised on the under surface. Racemes 2-3 in. long including the peduncle ; FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 131 pedicels ;5,—1 in., ascending, scabrous, bracts deciduous. Calyx 15 in. long, deeply bilabiate, glabrous, with a pair of minute per- sistent ovate bracteoles adpressed to it; lips ovate. Corolla yellow, glabrous, 1 in. long. Ovary with a gynophore as long as the calyx, and 2-3 rather hispid suborbicular articulations.— Central Madagascar, Bojer! Drswopnrvw (§ NICOLSONIA) RADIATUM, n. sp. Herbaceum, perenne, caulibus gracillimis decumbentibus pilosis, foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis parvis orbicularibus vel oblongis tenuiter pilosis, floribus in capitula parva terminalia aggregatis, bracteis late ovatis, pedicelli; brevissimis, calycis pilosi tubo brevissimo segmentis lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis purpureis quam calyx paulo longioribus, ovario piloso pauciovulato. A herbaceous perennial, with very slender decumbent pilose stems a foot or more long, radiating from the crown of the root. Petiole very short ; stipules minute, lanceolate, brown, persis- tent; blade rarely 1-foliolate ; end leaflet usually orbicular, 1-1 in. long and broad, rarely oblong; texture moderately firm ; upper surface bright green, obscurely shortly strigillose; lower surface paler and more hairy. Flowers in dense sessile terminal heads and occasionally from the axil of the upper leaves; pedi- cels very short; bracts orbicular, persistent, shaggy. Calyx densely pilose, 4 in. long; teeth lanceolate acuminate, densely pilose. Corolla purplish red, glabrous, half as long again as the calyx. Ovary linear, pauciovulate, densely hairy, narrowed into the long incurved style. Pod not seen.—Central Madagascar, Parker! Baron 681! 895! Desmopium ($Nt1COLSONIA) MONOSPERMUM, n. sp. Herbaceum, perenne, caulibus gracillimis decumbentibus pilosis, stipulis persistentibus lanceolatis, folis unifoliolatis parvis cordato-ovatis facie glabris dorso tenuiter pilosis, floribus in racemos densos oblongos ter- minales aggregatis, bracteis magnis orbicularibus cuspidatis persistentibus dense pilosis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo brevissimo dentibus lanceolatis plumosis, petalis; inclusis, legumine articulo unico parvo orbiculari dehiscente. A perennial herb, with very slender pilose decumbent stems radiating from the crown of the root. Petiole slender, about tin. long; stipules minute, lanceolate, brown, scariose, persis- tent; leaves 1-foliolate, cordate-ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, moderately firm in texture, bright green and glabrous above, paler and pilose beneath. Flowers in dense sessile oblong ter- minal heads ; bracts orbicular cuspidate, densely silky, persistent, 132 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE 4 in. long and broad; pedicels very short. Calyx 4 in. long, slit down nearly to the base into 5 lanceolate-acuminate plumose teeth. Corolla not longer than the calyx. Pod of a single dehiscent orbicular sessile joint $ in. in diam.—Ambohimanga, Central Madagascar, Dr. Parker. Both this and the last are small trailing species with the habit of D. triflorum, DC. Mvcwna (§ CITTA) PANICULATA, n. sp. Volubilis, fruticosa, ramulis brunneo-velutinis, stipulis minutis lanceo- latis, foliis pinnatim trifoliolatis nigrescentibus stipellatis utrinque tenuiter pilosis, foliolo terminali orbiculari cuspidato, floribus in paniculas longe peduneulatas ramis dense racemosis dispositis, bracteis magnis caducis, calycis magni labio superiore deltoideo, labii inferioris dentibus lanceolatis, carina acuminata quam calyx 2-3plo longiore, alis carina paulo brevioribus, vexillo alis distinete brevioribus, legumine lineari-oblongo lamellis trans- versis multis preedito pilis hispidis dense armato. A shrubby climber, with slender pilose leafy branches. Petiole 13-2 in. long; leaves moderately firm in texture, turning black when dried, obscurely pilose on both surfaces; end leaflet 3-4 in. long and nearly as broad. Flowers in a long-stalked terminal panicle with dense racemose branches densely clothed with short brown pubescence, the end one half a foot long, the side ones shorter, ascending; pedicels 4-3 in. long. Calyx with a cam- panulate tube 4 in. long and broad ; upper lip deltoid, 4 in. long, bifid at the apex; side teeth deltoid; lowest longer, lanceolate. Corolla turning black; keel 21 in. long, acuminate; standard 1-i in. shorter than the keel. Legume 4 ft. long, 1j in. broad, many-seeded, with crowded oblique transverse lamelle densely clothed all over with brown fragile bristles.— Central Madagascar, an imperfect specimen sent in 1870 by the Rev. W. Ellis, and now rediscovered by Mr. Baron (1605) ! in woods 25 miles from the east coast. Ruxxcuosia (§ COPISMA) VERSICOLOR, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis lignosis dense breviter pilosis, stipulis parvis lanceo- latis, foliis trifoliolatis subcoriaceis tenuiter pilosis, foliolo terminali cordato late ovato, racemis laxis copiosis axillaribus et terminalibus bracteis caducis, calycis pilosi tubo campanulato dentibus lanceolatis, petalis versi- coloribus, vexillo pulchro lineato, legumine lineari-oblongo piloso. A small shrub, with densely pilose slender brownish woody branchlets. Stipules spreading, brown, scariose, 3, in. long; petiole under an inch long; end leaflet on a petiolule 4-3 in. long, ovate-orbicular, subobtuse, slightly cordate, 1-1j in. long, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 133 dark green and nearly glabrous when mature on the upper surface, pale green and more hairy beneath. Flowers in copious lax axillary and terminal racemes about 2 in. long, with a densely pilose rhachis; pedicels i-i in. ; bracts small and caducous in an early stage. Calyx 4 in. long, densely pilose; upper teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube; lower longer and very acuminate. Corolla half as long again as the calyx; standard yellow, marked With copious conspicuous blackish veins. Pod i-i in. long, densely pilose, brown, 1 in. broad, 2-seeded, the flat faces clothed with copious yellowish hairs with a bulbous base.—Central Madagascar, at Ambohimanga, Dr. Parker ! Ruyycnosra ( § CoPISMA) RHODOPHYLLA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis dense pilosis, stipulis minutis lanceolatis caducis, foliis petiolatis trifoliolatis facie tenuiter pilosis dorso dense pilosis rubellis, foliolo terminali ovato, racemis copiosis laxis axillaribus et terminalibus, bracteis pilosis ovatis cuspidatis, calycis pilosi tubo campanulato dentibus lanceolatis, petalis rubellis, quam calyx duplo longioribus, ovario lineari dense piloso. A shrub, with densely pilose slender woody branchlets. Sti- pules lanceolate, deciduous, jl; in. long; petiole under an inch long ; end leaflet broad ovate, 1-1} in. long, subcoriaceous, obscurely cordate at the base, dark green and shortly pilose on the upper surface, densely clothed with persistent rather reddish pubescence beneath. Flowers in copious lax racemes with a densely pilose axis 2~3 in. long, which are sometimes panicled at the end of the branchlets; pedicels finally Àj in. long; bracts ovate cuspidate, as long as the pedicels, soon falling. Calyx $ in. long, densely pilose, with a campanulate tube and 5 lanceo- late teeth about as long as the tube. Corolla reddish, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx. Ovary 2-ovuled, densely pilose. Pod not seen.— Central Madagascar, Baron 771! Both this and the preceding species are allied to R. caribea, DC. EnrosEeMA Bosrnrt, Benth. MSS. Fruticosa, ramulis dense pilosis, foliis distincte petiolatis pinnatim tri- foliolatis, stipulis minutis caducis, foliolis oblongis obtusis minute mucro- natis facie tenuiter dorso dense pubescentibus, racemis densis pedunculatis folio longioribus, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteis lanceolatis persistentibus, calycis dense pilosi tubo campanulato dentibus lanceolatis, petalis quam calyx duplo longioribus, vexillo extus piloso, ovario sessili dense piloso biovulato. A shrub, with densely pilose slender woody branchlets. Petiole 134 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE i-i in. long; stipules minute, linear, deciduous; end leaflet l-14 in. long, on a petiolule about 4 in. long; side ones smaller face green, thinly pilose; back densely pubescent, with brown midrib and erecto-patent parallel primary veins. Racemes dense, oblong, on peduncles as long as the leaves; pedicels very short ; bracts lanceolate, persistent, densely pilose, } in. long. Calyx i in. long, densely pilose; tube campanulate; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, rather longer than the tube. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx; standard veined with black lines and pilose on the outside. Ovary sessile, oblong, densely pilose, 2-ovuled. Pod not seen.—Central Madagascar, on the high mountains of the province of Imerina, Bojer. Allied to the Cape Æ. cajanoides, which is also a Madagascar plant. EnrosEwA PROCUMBENS, Benth. MSS.—Cytisus procumbens, Bojer MSS. Herbaceum, perenne, ramulis gracillimis pilosis, foliis brevissime petio- latis swpissime subdigitatim trifoliolatis, foliolis oblongis obtusis facie tenuiter dorso magis pilosis, floribus in racemos parvifloros axillares et terminales breviter pedunculatos dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis pilosi tubo brevi dentibus lanceolato-deltoideis acuminatis, petalis quam calyx duplo longioribus, legumine oblongo plano dense piloso szpissime 2-spermo. A perennial herb, with slender pilose stems i-1 foot long, radiating from the crown of the root. Stipules small, brown, lanceolate, persistent. Petiole about 1 in. long; leaflets oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 1-2 in. long, moderately firm in texture, bright green and obscurely pilose above, paler and thinly pilose beneath, the two side ones smaller than the end one, which has a petiolule not more than à in. long. Racemes few-flowered, dense, terminal and axillary, shortly peduncled ; pedicels 4-3 in. long ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Calyx densely pilose, 4 in. long ; teeth twice as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod sessile, oblique oblong, 2 in. long, 4 in. broad, densely clothed with long adpressed silky hairs.— Central Madagascar, Bojer! Lyall 95! Baron 527! 841! Parker! Native name “ Kofolona.” Closely allied to the well-known Brasi- lian E. crinitum.—V ar. MONOPHYLLUM, a dwarf variety with 1-2- flowered racemes and leaves almost invariably simple. Baron 1798! Cytisus glomeratus, Bojer, Hort. Maur. 89 (name only), another Madagascar species, is identical with E. parviflorum, E. Meyer, widely spread at the Cape and in Tropical Africa. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 135 CaDIA PUBESCENS, Bojer MSS. Arborea, ramulis dense pilosis, foliis breviter petiolatis imparipinnatis, foliolis 13-17 oblongis obtusis facie glabris dorso obscure pilosis, lateralibus oppositis brevissime petiolulatis, racemis brevibus axillaribus paucifloris, pedicellis pilosis calyce brevioribus, bracteis foliaceis, calycis magni cam- panulati dentibus deltoideis quam tubus 2-3plo brevioribus, petalis obovatis longe uuguiculatis quam calyx paulo longioribus, staminibus inclusis, ovario lineari glabro stipitato multiovulato. A tree, with slender woody terete densely pubescent branch- lets. Leaves crowded, imparipinnate, 3-4 in. long ; petiole very short; rhachis densely pilose; leaflets contiguous, opposite, patent, about 4 in. long, 4-4 in. broad, moderately firm in texture, very obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, dark green above, dull green beneath, finely veined. Racemes copious, axillary, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle and pedicels slender, densely pilose, the latter about $ in. long; bracts like the leaflets, but smaller. Calyx i-i in. long, greenish, membranous, pubescent towards the base. Petals j-l in. long. Stamens 10, nearly as long as the petals, with filiform filaments and small oblong versatile anthers. Ovary linear, glabrous, multiovulate, narrowed gradu- ally into a short stipe and long curved style.— Central Madagascar, gathered long ago by Bojer, Hilsenberg and Lyall (85), and now refound by Baron, 960. It is mentioned briefly in the * Flora of Tropical Africa,’ ii. 256, but, I believe, has never been fully characterized. Capra ELLISIANA, n. sp. Glaberrima, ramulis gracilibus, foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis 5-7 magnis oblongis acuminatis subcoriaceis lucidis, lateralibus alternis distincte petio- lulatis, racemis axillaribus paucifloris folio brevioribus, pedicellis longissimis, bracteis minutis lanceolatis, calycis campanulati dentibus deltoideis quam tubus 2-3plo brevioribus, petalis luteo-rubris obovato-unguiculatis quam calyx sub duplo longioribus, staminibus inclusis, legumine longe stipitato 5- 6-spermo. A tree or large bush, quite glabrous in all its parts, with slender terete brown woody branchlets. Petiole about an inch long ; stipules not seen; blade half a foot long, with 5-7 alter- nate leaflets on thickened erecto-patent petiolules i; in. long, their blade narrowed into a long point, 3—4 in. long in the upper leaflets, 1-14 in. broad at the middle, almost deltoid at the base, firm in texture, bright green on both surfaces. Racemes few- flowered, axillary, shortly peduncled; pedicels slender, ascending, 1-1} in. long, with a small persistent lanceolate bract at the LINN. JOURN. BOTANY.—VYOL. XX. L 1386 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE base. Calyx about i in. long, with a campanulate tube and 5 equal deltoid teeth. Petals lin. long, 4 in. broad at the tip, narrowed to a long claw. Stamens rather shorter than the petals, with filiform filaments and small versatile oblong anthers. Immature legume flat, thin, glabrous, narrowed gradually into a long gynophore and tipped with a straight persistent style nearly 3 in. long.— Central Madagascar, Rev. W. Ellis! Forest of Alamazaotra, Baron 1488! 1540! Allied to C. anomala, Vatke in Linnea, xliii. 337 (Hildebrandt 3368). RUBUS MYRIANTHUS, n. sp. Eglandulosus, aculeis parvis equalibus deltoideo-cuspidatis, foliis digi- tatim quinquefoliolatis facie viridibus glabris dorso albo-incanis, foliolo terminali obovato-oblongo cuspidato inconspicue serrato, floribus in paniculas magnas deltoideas ramis bipinnatis dispositis, sepalis brevibus ovatis dorso albido-incanis, petalis oblongis, fructu globoso carpellis multis parvis. A shrub, with slender angled stems glabrous when mature, finely downy when young, the prickles small, uniform and deltoid- cuspidate ; gland-tipped bristles none. Stipules small, lanceolate ; petiole above an inch long; leaves moderately firm in texture, bright green and glabrous above, clothed with thin white tomen- tum beneath; leaflets obovate-oblong cuspidate, the end one about 2 in. long, under an inch broad, with shallow inconspicuous teeth. Flowers very numerous, forming a deltoid panicle 6-9 in. long, with erecto-patent dense-flowered bipinnate branches, with only small leaves from the base of the lower ones. Sepals } in. long. Petals obovate, whitish, twice as long as the sepals.— Forest of Alamazaotra, Baron 1535! 1685! Leaves like those of the European R. discolor; panicle like that of the New-Zea- land A. australis, Forst., and Himalayan R. lucens, Focke. RUBUS PAUCIFLORUS, n. sp. Eglandulosus, aculeis paucis parvis æqualibus falcatis, folis pinnatim trifoliolatis facie viridibus glabris dorso albo incanis, foliolis argute serratis terminali ovato, floribus paucis corymbosis, sepalis ovatis acuminatis dorso albo-incanis, petalis oblongis, fructu globoso carpellis multis parvis. A shrub, with slender terete glabrous old stems, with distant very small falcate equal prickles, entirely without glandular sete. Stipules minute, lanceolate; petiole about 3 in. long; upper leaves simple; lower pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous above, clothed with thin FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 187 white tomentum beneath, the end one 3-3 in. long, sharply ir- regularly serrated. Flowers few, corymbose, with long erect pedicels. Sepals 4 in. long, simple, acuminate. Petals oblong- spathulate, a little longer than the sepals. Fruit-carpels oblique oblong, glabrous, with a glabrous erect style from the inner edge and capitate stigma.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1815! Allied to the well-known Asiatic and Australian R. parvifolius, L. ALCHEMILLA BIFURCATA, Hilsen. et Bojer MSS. Perennis, caulibus dense sericeis, foliis breviter petiolatis orbiculatis profunde palmatim 7fidis firmulis facie glabris dorso persistenter sericeis, racemis axillaribus pedunculatis paucifloris laxis, bracteis minutis palmatim fissis, calycis dentibus 4 deltoideis quam tubus paulo brevioribus, bracteis minutis lanceolatis, staminibus 4, fructu carpello solitario. A perennial herb, with simple or branched densely silky stems afoot long. Petiole not more than 1-4 in. long; stipules + in. long, scariose, with lanceolate free points ; blade orbicular, about an inch broad, firm in texture, bright green and glabrous on the upper surface, densely clothed with whitish persistent adpressed silky hairs beneath, deeply palmately cut into 7 lobes, of which the three upper are oblanceolate, obtuse, sharply toothed in the upper half, and the four others smaller, lanceolate and subentire. Flowers few, in lax axillary racemes on long peduncles ; lower solitary, shortly peduncled in the axils of small palmately cleft bracts ; upper 3-4 aggregated. Flower-calyx silky, a line long ; segments 4, deltoid, nearly as long as the tube; bracts of the epicalyx 4, lanceolate, smaller thaa the calyx-segments. Stamens 4, minute, inserted at the throat of the calyx-tube. Fruit-carpel Solitary, placed near the base of the tube-—Mountains of the province of Imerina, Bojer! Baron 2045! Resembles most A. alpina in habit and pubescence. A. madagascariensis, recently described by Dr. Hoffmann in ‘ Reliquie Rutenbergianz, part v. 336, was also gathered by Hilsenberg and Bojer and distributed by them under the name of A. potentilloides, and has also been found by Mr. Baron, no. 845. ALCHEMILLA SCHIZOPHYLLA, N. sp. Perennis, dense sericea, caulibus gracillimis decumbentibus, stipulis bifidis persistentibus, foliis petiolatis orbicularibus palmatifidis segmentis linearibus aeutis uninerviis, floribus laxe racemosis, calycis dentibus 4 quam tubus 2-3plo brevioribus, carpello solitario maturo ovoideo. A much branched perennial herb, densely silky in all its parts, L2 138 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE with slender decumbent stems. Stipules large, bifid, persistent ; petiole very short; leaves 7-4 in. broad, cut into 12-15 linear acute one-nerved segments. Racemes 1-2 in. long, very lax, 6-8- flowered, with very short pedicels and persistent palmatifid bracts. Calyx $ in. long, with a funnel-shaped tube, the bract of the epicalyx lanceolate, the inner deltoid. Fruit-carpel solitary, ovoid, lenticular, placed low down in the calyx-tube.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1859! Allied to A. pedata and A. Rutenbergit. WEINMANNIA FLORIBUNDA, n. Sp. Arborea, ramulis pilosis, foliis brevissime petiolatis simplicibus (raro digitatim trifoliolatis) obovatis obtusis inciso-crenatis, floribus in spicas copiosas axillares et terminales dispositis, rhachibus pubescentibus, calycis segmentis oblongis obtusis, petalis oblongo-spathulatis calyce sesquilongi- oribus, staminibus 10 exsertis, ovario piloso. An erect shrub, with crowded pilose slender terete woody pilose branchlets. Leaflets 1-3, rigidly coriaceous, usually del- toid at the base, 1-1} in. long, conspicuously crenate, glabrous except the midrib beneath, which is finely pilose, the main veins distinct, erecto-patent, reddish. Flowers densely fascicled, mainly at the tip of the branches, in erecto-patent shortly-peduncled spikes about 2 in. long, with a finely pilose axis. Calyx minute, with 5 oblong obtuse segments twice as long as the tube. Petals oblong, obtuse, >in. long. Stamens twice as long as the petals ; anthers minute, orbicular. Ovary densely pilose, with two curved glabrous styles.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1674 ! CRASSULA NUMMULARLEFOLIA, D. sp. Annua, glabra, caulibus gracilibus decumbentibus ad nodos inferiores radicantibus, foliis breviter petiolatis suborbieularibus parvis integris, floribus 5-6meris solitariis breviter pedunculatis, calycis segmentis lanceo- latis basi connatis, petalis albidis acutis quam calyx paulo longioribus, staminibus inclusis, carpellis fruetiferis petalis subzequilongis. An annual herb, glabrous in all its parts, with very slender trailing stems 4-1 ft. long, rooting at the lower nodes. Petioles very short, dilated and connate at the base; leaves opposite; blade fleshy, green, broad ovate or suborbicular, obtuse or sub- acute, i-i in. long and broad. Flowers solitary, axillary and terminal ; peduncle slender, shorter than the calyx. Calyx cam- panulate, j in. long; segments lanceolate, acute, joined at the base. Petals lanceolate, half as long again as the calyx. Stamens shorter than the petals, with flattened filaments and small oblong FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 139 anthers. Fruit-carpels glabrous, } in. long, the ovary narrowed into a short style—Central Madagascar at Andrangaloaka, in grassy places in the forest, Parker! Baron 511! Adds this large Cape genus to the Madagascar flora. A near ally of the well-known C. centauroides, Linn.; Bot. Mag. tab. 1765. BRYOPHYLLUM ORENATUM, n. sp. Perennis, erecta, glabra, foliis oppositis oblongis conspicue crenatis inferioribus majoribus crenatis, superioribus sensim minoribus, cymis paucifloris laxifloris terminalibus, calyce oblongo inflato dentibus deltoideis, corolhe tubo ampulleformi quam calyx paulo longiore, limbi segmentis parvis rubris orbiculari-cuneatis, staminibus supra medium corolle tubi insertis antheris minutis, stylo ovario equilongo vel paulo longiore. A glabrous succulent perennial, with slender terete stems 2-3 feet long, erect or decumbent towards the base. Leaves distant, opposite, oblong, green, fleshy, deeply crenate, obtuse, the lower 2-3 in. long, with a petiole 1-14 in. long, the upper growing gradually smaller and more remote. Flowers in a lax terminal compound corymbose cyme, on slender erect pedicels 4—1 in. long. Calyx oblong, inflated, membranous, reddish, 2—1 in. long, 3 in. in diam., with 4 deltoid segments about a third as long as the Aube. €alyx with an ampulliform tube rather longer than the calyx and 4 orbicular-deltoid crimson segments 4; in. long and broad. Filaments in. long, inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers minute, orbicular. Fruit-carpels with narrowly ampulliform contiguous ovaries 4 in. long and slender styles about 1 in. long.— Central Madagascar, Lyall 38! and now regathered by Mr. Baron, 608! 956! 1121! 1411! He has also rediscovered B. proliferum, Bowie (Baron 1270, 1465), figured in Bot. Mag. t. 5847, the most striking species of the genus. KALANCHOE PUMILA, n. sp. Perennis, glabra, pumila, caulibus simplicibus erectis, foliis oppositis obovatis obtusis profunde crenatis sessilibus basi deltoideis, floribus in paniculas densas terminales corymbosas dispositis, pedicellis glabris calyce longioribus, calycis tubo brevissimo segmentis lanceolato-deltoideis, corolle segmentis lanceolatis tubo oblongo longioribus, staminibus ad faucem insertis, stylo brevi. An erect glabrous perennial, with simple erect stems not more than 2-3 in. long. Leaves opposite, crowded, decussate, sessile, under an inch long. Flowers in a dense terminal corymbose panicle 13-2 in. in diam. Calyx } in. long, glabrous, with a very 140 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE short tube and 4 deltoid-lanceolate acuminate segments. Corolla lin. long, apparently red. Filaments i in. long, with small orbicular anthers. Fruit-carpels i in. long, narrow, tipped by the short styles.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2117 ! KALANCHOE TRICHANTHA, n. Sp. Erecta, elata, foliis inferioribus magnis sessilibus oppositis oblongo- spathulatis acutis serratis glabris, floribus in paniculas densas multifloras terminales corymbosas aggregatis, pedicellis brevissimis pilosis, calycis pilosi campanulati segmentis deltoideis quam tubus duplo brevioribus, corolle luteze pubescentis segmentis orbicularibus quam tubus quadruplo brevioribus, staminibus biseriatis, stylo elongato. An erect perennial, with slender terete stems. Leaves oppo- site, sessile, thick and fleshy in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, the lower ones reaching a length of 5-6 inches, 13-2 in. broad at the middle, acute, sharply and irregularly dentate above the spathulate lower third; upper leaves very distant and very small, entire. Flowers in a very dense corym- bose terminal panicle 1-2 in. in diam. ; peduncles and pedicels pilose; bracts minute. Calyx 4 in. long, pilose, with a cam- panulate tube and 4 small deltoid teeth. Corolla 4 in. long, with a cylindrical tube } in. in diam. and 4 orbicular segments. Stamens 8, biseriate, the inner 4 inserted above .he middle of the corolla-tube, with filaments 4i, in. long; outer 4 inserted near the throat of the tube, with very short filaments; anthers minute, orbicular. Styles filiform, 4 in. long, reaching to the top of the corolla-tube.—Central Madagascar, Baron 977 ! KITCHINGIA PELTATA, n. Sp. Perennis, erecta, glabra, foliis petiolatis ovatis obtusis peltatis obscure crenulatis, floribus multis in paniculam terminalem ramis corymbosis dis- positis, pedicellis gracilibus elongatis, calycis tubo brevi segmentis semi- orbicularibus, corolle magnz rubre tubo oblongo segmentis parvis orbicu- laribus, staminibus supra medium tubi insertis filamentis brevibus, stylo quam ovarium 3-4plo longiore. An erect perennial herb, several feet high, glabrous in all its parts. Lower leaves with a petiole 2-3 in. long attached about half an inch above the base of the blade, and an ovate obscurely erenate fleshy blade 3-4 in. long, rounded at the base and apex. Flowers in a long terminal panicle half a foot broad, with corym- bose branches and filiform pedicels 1-1 in. or more in length. Calyx campanulate, { in. long, with 4 orbicular segments as long FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 141 as the tube. Corolla bright red, 1-11 in. long, with an oblong tube 32 in. in diam. and 4 small orbieular segments. Stamens 8, inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube, with filiform fila- ments $ in. long and minute reniform anthers with divaricating oblong lobes. Ovaries 4, ovoid, divergent, 4 in. long in the fruiting-stage, with filiform styles nearly an inch long.—Central Madagascar, Baron! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! A very fine plant, closely resembling the original K. gracilipes in flowers and inflorescence. KITCHINGIA PARVIFLORA, n. sp. Perennis, erecta, glabra, foliis caulinis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis crenatis, floribus in cymam compositam terminalem dispositis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis tubo campanulato segmentis semiorbicularibus, corollz luteze tubo oblongo segmentis ovatis, staminibus infra tubi medium insertis antheris orbicularibus, stylo quam ovarium longiore. An erect perennial herb, glabrous in all its parts, with stiff simple stems a foot long. Leaves in pairs 3-1 in. apart along the lower half of the stem, decussate, erecto-patent, fleshy, obtuse, distinctly erenate, the lower 2-3 in. long, the upper growing gradually smaller and more remote. Flowers numerous, in a corymbose terminal compound cyme 12-2 in. in diam.; pedicels i-i in. Calyx campanulate, lin. long, with a short tube and 4 semiorbicular segments. Corolla yellow, under 3 in. long, with an oblong tube and 4 obtuse segments one third as long as the tube. Stamens 8, inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube, with filiform filaments 4 in. long and small orbicular anthers. Ovaries 4, ovoid, } in. long; styles divergent, longer than the ovary ; stigma capitate.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1191! KITCHINGIA PANDURIFORMIS, N. sp. Perennis, erecta, glabra, foliis caulinis sessilibus panduriformibus obtusis crenatis, floribus in paniculam terminalem ramis densifloris corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis flori subzquilongis, calycis parvi tubo campanulato seg- mentis semiorbicularibus, corolla tubo oblongo segmentis suboibicularibus, staminibus ad tubi corolle medium insertis, stylo quam ovarium paulo longiore. A glabrous perennial herb, with stiff simple erect stems. Leaves numerous along the lower part of the stem, in pairs 1-1} in. apart, sessile, ascending, oblong-panduriform, obtuse, fleshy, 4-5 in. long, crenate, subamplexicaul. Flowers very numerous, arranged in a broad terminal panicle with dense- flowered corymbose branches and a long naked peduncle. Calyx 142 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE eampanulate, glabrous, 4 in. long, with a short tube and 4 sub- orbieular segments. Corolla reddish, under £ in. long, with an oblong tube 1 in. in diam. and 4 suborbicular spreading segments. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube, with filiform filaments lin.long and smallreniform anthers. Carpels as long as the corolla in the fruiting-stage, diverging; style 4 in. long.— Central Madagascar, Baron 436 ! KITCHINGIA PORPHYROCALYX, N. Sp. Perennis, glabra, caulibus decumbentibus, folis oppositis obovatis obtusis serratis sessilibus, floribus in paniculam terminalem paucifloram ramis corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis calyce longioribus, calycis laxi tubo brevissimo segmentis orbicularibus mucronatis, corolle rubre tubo in- fundibulari segmentis deltoideis, staminibus supra medium tubi insertis filamentis brevibus, antheris orbicularibus minutis, stylis carpellis sequi- longis. A fleshy perennial, glabrous in all its parts, with stout simple decumbent stems above a foot long. Leaves opposite, sessile, decussate, 1-14 in. long, very obtuse, deltoid at the base, thick in texture, distinctly inciso-crenate, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in a lax terminal panicle with corymbose | branches; pedicels slender, under 3 in. long; bracts minute, falling before the flowers expand. Calyx iin. long, 3 in. in diam.; tube very short; segments orbicular, with a distinct mucro. Corolla 3-2 in. long, with a funnel-shaped tube 1— in. in diam. and 4 deltoid segments. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments rather flattened, under 1 in. long ; anthers minute, orbicular, just protruded from the corolla-tube. Fruit- earpels subcylindrical, 4 in. long, narrowed gradually into filiform styles of the same length.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1708! KriTCHINGIA AMPLEXICAULIS, n. Sp. Perennis, glabra, caulibus erectis simplicibus, foliis oppositis oblanceo- latis obtusis crenatis cordato-amplexicaulibus, floribus in panieulas amplas terminales ramis corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis calyce longioribus, bracteis minutis lanceolatis, calycis tubo brevissimo, segmentis ovatis, coroll: rubrz segmentis orbicularibus quam tubus infundibularis quadruplo brevioribus, staminibus infra medium tubi insertis, filamentis elongatis, antheris orbicularibus minutis, stylis quam carpelli longioribus. A glabrous succulent perennial, with stiffly erect unbranched stems 14-2 ft. long. Leaves erecto-patent, in distant decussate pairs, the longer ones 5-6 in. long, 1-1 in. broad, those near the panicle much smaller. Flowers in a dense corymbose panicle FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 143 3-4 in. broad; pedicels slender, about 4 in. long. Calyx lin. long, with 4 segments reaching down nearly to the base. Corolla above 3 in. long, with a funnel-shaped tube 1—) in. in diam. and 4 orbieular segments. Stamens 8, inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments 4 in. long ; anthers minute, orbicular, just protruded from the corolla-tube. Fruit-carpels 4 in. long; filiform styles a little longer.—Central Madagascar, at Ankeri- madinika in the province of Imerina, Baron 1452! . DiconyPHE vITICOIDES, n. sp. Rainulis stellato-pilosis, foliis alternis brevissime petiolatis orbiculato- oblongis obtusis subcoriaceis utrinque viridibus glabris, stipulis parvis oblanceolatis foliaceis persistentibus, floribus pluribus terminalibus sessili- bus fasciculatis, calyce infundibulari piloso deorsum sulcato dentibus parvis, petalis nigrescentibus oblanceolatis breviter exsertis, staminibus 10, alternis anantheris, ovario apice libero piloso stylis 2 brevibus. An erect much-branched shrub or tree, with slender woody branchlets, densely clothed with brown stellate pubescence. Petiole 1-3 in. long; stipules oblanceolate unguiculate, j—j in. long, persistent, just like the leaves in texture; lamina 2-3 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with about 4 pairs of raised erecto-patent main veins. Flowers 5-6 in terminal clusters. Calyx jin. long, plicate towards the base, densely clothed with brown stellate pubescence; teeth small, deltoid. Petals inserted low down in the calyx-tube, 3 in. long, nearly black, with tufts of stellate hairs on the outside. Fertile stamens as many as the petals and about as long; staminodia filiform, alternate with the stamens and petals. Ovary free at the top, densely pilose, with two short styles.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1881! Mr. Baron has also refound D. sti- pulacea, St.-Hil. (1161), of which we had no previous specimens. MxosunANDRA MOSCHATA, Baill. Adans. ix. tab. 8. Mr. Baron sends fine specimens (2089!) of this curious plant. The only other known species of the genus was gathered by Welwitsch in Angola. We have previously had it trom Dr. Parker under the native name of Riadriatra, and long ago from Hilsenberg and Bojer under the name of Anthospermum pli- catum. EvoENIA (§ SYZYGIUM) MICROPODA, n. Sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis brevissime petiolatis parvis obovatis obtusis vel 144 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE obscure cuspidatis basi deltoideis rigidis venis faciei inferioris conspicuis, floribus in paniculam corymbosam terminalem aggregatis pedicellis brevi- bus, calycis tubo cuneato limbo obscure dentato, alabastro semigloboso, staminibus circiter 30 calyci :quilongis. A much-branched erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves nearly sessile, obovate, 3-1 in. long, 3-3? in. broad, obtuse or obscurely cuspidate, deltoid at the base, very thick and rigid in texture, the veins of the under surface moderately conspicuous. Flowers in dense corymbose terminal panicles, with short pedicels. Calyx 4 in. long, with a deltoid tube and obscurely-toothed collar-like limb. Stamens as long as the calyx.—Central Mada- gascar, Baron 388! Eveenta (§ Syzyerum) PARKERI, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis petiolatis oblongis obtusis basi deltoideis crassis rigidis venis inconspicuis immersis, floribus in paniculam densam termina- lem aggregatis, pedicellis nullis, calycis tubo cuneato limbo 5-dentato den- tibus deltoideis, alabastro semigloboso, staminibus 30-40 calyci eequilongis. A. forest-tree, with terete pale wooded branchlets, glabrous in allits parts. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, obtuse, cuneate at the base 12-2 in. long, very thick and rigid in texture ; the veins on both surfaces fine and inconspicuous. Flowers in dense ter- minal panicles about 2 inches in diameter; cymes few-flowered, umbellate, without any pedieels. Calyx nearly i in. long, black, coriaceous, with an infundibuliform tube and eampanulate limb with 5 deltoid teeth. Petals suborbicular. Stamens as long as the calyx.—Central Madagascar, Dr. Parker! Native name Maro- tampona. Eveenta (§ SYZYGIUM) CUNEIFOLIA, n. sp.—Syzygium cunei- folium, Bojer MSS. Glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis obovatis cuspidatis basi cuneatis rigidis venis utrinque pulchre exsculptis, floribus in paniculam terminalem densam aggregatis, pedicellis nullis, calycis tubo euneato limbo subintegro, alabastro semigloboso, staminibus circiter 30 calyci :equilongis. A very much-branched erect shrub or small tree, glabrous in allits parts. Leaves distinetly petioled, obovate, about an inch long, obtusely cuspidate, cuneate at the base, very thick and rigid in texture, the veins on both surfaces raised and con- spicuous. Flowers in dense terminal corymbose panicles 12-2 in. in diam.; cymes umbellate, without any pedicels. Calyx jin. long, with a deltoid tube and subentire spreading collar-like limb. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 145 Unexpanded corolla subglobose. Stamens about 30, as long as the calyx.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1254! Hivondro near Tamatave, 15 feet high, Dr. Meller! Gathered previously by Bojer and Curtis, and named in manuscript by the former. Very near the common Mauritian E. glomerata, Lam., from which it differs by its cuspidate leaves with raised veins and sessile larger flowers. Evernta ($ SYZYGIUM) EMIRNENSIS, n. sp. Glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis obovatis obtusis rigidis basi cuneatis subtiliter venulosis, floribus in paniculam terminalem densam corymbosam aggregatis, pedicellis nullis, calycis tubo cuneato limbo subintegro, alabastro semigloboso, staminibus circiter 30 calyci zequilongis. A shrub or small tree, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate, obtuse, 1-14 in. long, deltoid at the base, very rigid in texture, the veins on both surfaces fine and indistinct. Flowers very numerous, in a dense rounded terminal panicle about 2 in. broad; cymes umbellate, without any pedicels. Calyx 3 in. long, with a cuneate tube and nearly entire limb. Bud subglobose. Stamens about 30, as long as the calyx. Style finally about 4 in. long. Fruit globose, the size of a large pea, crowned by the persistent calyx.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1076! 1932 ! EUGENIA ($ SYzyarUM) PHILLYREZFOLIA, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis petiolatis oblongis rigidis acutis subtiliter venosis, floribus in paniculam densam terminalem corymbosam aggregatis, pedi- ` cellis brevissimis, calycis tnbo cuneato limbo subintegro, alabastro semi- globoso, staminibus circiter 30 calyci zequilongis. A much-branched small tree, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves distinctly petioled, 14-2 in. long, narrowed gradually to an obtuse point, deltoid at the base, rigid in texture, the veins close and but little raised. Flowers in dense terminal panicles 2-3 inches in diameter; cymes many-flowered, umbellate, with short pedicels. Calyx i in. long, with an infundibuliform tube and a subentire collar-like limb. Bud, in. in diameter. Stamens as long as the calyx.— Central Madagascar, Baron 958! This and the five other species here described are all near neighbours of the Mau- ritian E. glomerata. EvarwrA ($ SYZYGIUM) VACCINIIFOLIA, n. sp. Glabra, ramosissima, foliis parvis petiolatis obovatis obtusis subcoriaceis, floribus in paniculas terminales ramis corymbosis paucifloris dispositis, 146 MR. J. Œ. BAKER ON THE pedicellis calyci zquilongis vel longioribus, floribus pro stirpe magnis, calycis tubo cuneato dentibus perspicuis rotundatis, petalis orbicularibus calyci zquilongis, staminibus permultis quam calyx duplo longioribus. A much-branched shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Petiole &-$ in. long; blade subcoriaceous, 2-1 in. long, very obtuse, deltoid at the base, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with fine erecto-patent main veins beneath, anastomosing in arches just within the margin. Flowers in rather lax terminal corymbose panicles 11-2 in. broad; pedicels 1-1 in. long, with minute cadu- cous lanceolate membranous bracteoles. Calyx 4 in. broad, with a deltoid tube and 5 semiorbicular teeth. Petals orbicular, } in. long and broad. Stamens 50 or more, unequal, i in. long, with filiform filaments and minute orbicular anthers.— Central Mada- gascar, Baron 1919! VEPRECELLA VESTITA, n. sp. V. ramulis tetragonis dense pilosis, foliis longe petiolatis orbicularibus cordatis obtusis denticulatis 9-nerviis facie scabris dorso dense brunneo- pilosis, floribus in paniculam laxifloram paucifloram terminalem dispositis, pedicellis elongatis, calycis tubo campanulato piloso, limbo obscure quin- quedentato, petalis magnis purpureis, antheris conformibus lineari-oblongis basi inappendiculatis, fructu 4-loculari quam calyx duplo longiore. An erect shrub or tree, with stout square woody branchlets, densely clothed with persistent short pale brown pubescence. Petiole 2-3 in. long, densely pilose ; blade 4-5 in. long and broad, cordate at the base, distinctly 9-nerved from base to apex, thick in texture, very scabrous above, densely ferrugineo-pilose, with distinct raised cross bars between the main veins. Panicle ter- minal, half a foot long and broad; pedicels sometimes an inch long. Calyx with a campanulate tube 3-} in. long and broad, and a collar-like limb with 5 angles and 5 indistinct teeth. Petals bright purple, obovate, 4 in. long. Stamens 10, a little shorter than the petals, uniform, with linear-oblong anthers } in. long, with a strap-shaped connective. Capsule semiorbicular, 3 in. broad, flat at the top, free from the calyx in the upper half, splitting into four shining pale-brown woody valves. Seeds very nume- rous, straight, minute, clavate.— Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1281! DICHÆTANTHERA CORDIFOLIA, n. Sp. D. ramulis dense hispidis, foliis distincte petiolatis late oblongis obtusis cordatis serrulatis quinquenerviis facie scabris dorso dense pilosis, floribus in paniculam laxam deltoideam terminalem dispositis, calycis intense FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 147 hispidi tubo campanulato dentibus 4 deltoideis, petalis purpureis obovatis, staminibus quam petala longioribus antheris basi conspicue bifurcatim caudatis. An erect shrub, with square woody branchlets, densely clothed with short spreading brown bristly hairs. Petiole 4 in. long; blade 2-3 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, very obtuse, distinctly 5-nerved from base to apex, dark green and scabrous with short bristles above, pale green and densely pilose beneath, with distinet raised cross bars between the principal veins. Flowers in a lax deltoid terminal panicle, the lower branches of which spring from the axils of fully developed leaves; pedicels sometimes 3 in. long, densely hispid. Calyx } in. long, densely hispid, with a large campanulate tube and 4 small subobtuse deltoid teeth. Petals 3in.long. Stamens 8, with a linear-oblong anther + in. long, the connective filiform for the same length below the cells and fur- nished with a long spur with linear-setaceous forks. Style fili- form, nearly 3 in. long—Between Tamatave and Antananarivo, Dr. Meller! DicHZTANTHERA OBLONGIFOLIA, n. Sp. D. ramulis hispidis, foliis distincte petiolatis oblongis subcoriaceis serru- latis quinquenerviis utrinque obscure hispidulis, floribus in paniculam ter- minalem paucifloram corymbosam dispositis, calycis tubo campanulato setis brevissimis scabro segmentis 4 inconspicuis, petalis 4 orbicularibus, staminibus inzqualibus basi in caudam bifurcatam productis, stylo elon- gato, fructu capsulari 4-loculari. A much-branched erect shrub or tree, with shortly hispid quadrangular woody branchlets, with conspicuous swollen nodes. Petiole } in. long; blade 2-3 in. long, 2-3 in. broad at the middle, obtuse, rather rounded at the base, distinctly 5-nerved from base to apex, dark green, with very short distant bristles above, pale green with minute paleaceous bristles beneath. Flowers in corymbose terminal panicles ; pedicels 3~} in. long, with a pair of minute deltoid bracteoles at the middle. Calyx campanulate, à-l in. broad. Petals orbicular unguiculate, 3 in. long and broad. Stamens 8, the largest with linear-oblong corrugated anthers } in. long, the connective produced j in. below the cells and furnished at the base with a bifurcate tail. Fruit a capsule à in. long, splitting up into 4 valves.— Central Madagascar, Baron ! DIcH HTANTHERA ARBOREA, n. sp. Arborea, ramulis hispidis, foliis distinete petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis 148 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE acutis utrinque hispidis, floribus in paniculam amplam laxam terminalem dispositis, calycis tubo campanulato setoso segmentis parvis semiorbicu- laribus, petalis 4 orbieularibus, staminibus 8 subzequalibus antheris omni- bus basi in caudam bifureatam productis, stylo elongato stigmate clavato, capsulis dimidio superiore exsertis. A forest-tree 20-30 feet high, with hispid subtetragonous branchlets. Petiole i in. long; blade triplinerved, 2—4 in. long, 1-13 in. broad at the middle, dark green above, pale green beneath, slightly hispid on both surfaces. Flowers in a lax ter- minal panicle 4 ft. long and broad, with erecto-patent branches and a whorl of stout bristles at each of the nodes; pedicels i-i in. Calyx with a campanulate densely bristly tube 4 in. in diam. and 4 small rounded segments. Petals 4, orbicular ungui- culate, 3 in. long, ciliated. Stamens 8, with anthers } in. long, with a single apical pore and two long bifurcate tails. Style nearly 3 in. long. Capsule exserted from the ovary and splitting up into four valves.—Central Madagascar, Baron 391! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! MEDINILLA FASCICULATA, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis parce papillosis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis ob- tusis rigide coriaceis supra basin trinervatis basi deltoideis, cymis axillaribus fasciculatis 1-4-floris, pedicellis brevibus ascendentibus, calycis tubo cam- panulato ore subintegro, staminibus inclusis. An erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts, the ultimate branch- lets distinctly tetragonous. Leaves opposite; petiole g—} in. long; blade 12-2 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, very thick and rigid in texture, obtuse, deltoid at the base, distinctly three-nerved a short space above the base. Cymes axillary, fascicled, not more than 3 in. long including the short peduncle; pedicels 3-% in. long, with 2-4 red deltoid membranous bracteoles a short space from the flower. Calyx gin. long and broad, with a narrow entire collar-like limb. Petals deltoid, as long as the calyx.— Central Madagascar, Baron ! MEDINILLA PAPILLOSA, D. sp. Glabra, ramulis conspicue copiose tuberculatis, foliis oppositis brevissime petiolatis obtusis rigide coriaceis supra basin trinervatis basi deltoideis, cymis axillaribus paucifloris breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis ascendentibus, quam flos 3-4plo longioribus, calycis tubo infundibulari ore integro, petalis parvis deltoideis, antheris basi haud appendieulatis. A shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with woody branchlets fur- FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 149 nished with copious conspicuous papille. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, 1-13 in. long, 7-1 in. broad, very thick and rigid in texture, furnished with three distinct ribs a little above the base, very obtuse, distinctly emarginate at the tip, deltoid at the base. Cymes axillary, binate, 2-4-flowered, with short slender peduncles ; pedicels ascending, slender, bright red, 3-2 in. long, papillose ; furnished with a pair of minute bracteoles 1-À in. from the calyx. Calyx gj in. long and broad, glabrous, papillose, with a red-tinted entire collar-like limb. Bud conical. Petals 4, as long as the calyx. Stamens 8, included ; anthers linear-oblong ; filaments short, filiform.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1677 ! MEDINILLA PARVIFOLIA, n. Sp. Glabra, ramosissima, ramulis conspicue tuberculatis, foliis brevissime petiolatis cordato-oblongis parvis rigide coriaceis obscure trinervatis apice emarginatis, cymis axillaribus paucifloris pedunculatis folio æquilongis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis tubo campanulato, limbo obscure dentato. A much-branched erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts; the slender tetragonous branchlets furnished with copious papille. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, 2-3 in. long, distinctly emarginate at the apex and cordate at the base, moderately thick in texture, the two side nerves not distinctly marked. Cymes binate, axil- lary, 5-6-flowered, about as long as the leaves, the slender erect peduncles about 4 in. long ; pedicels erect, 3-4 in. long, with a pair of lanceolate bracteoles a short space from the flower. Calyx with a campanulate tube 2 in. broad and long and narrow collar-like limb. Petals and stamens not seen..— Central Madagascar, Baron ! MEDINILLA DIVARICATA, n. Sp. Glabra, ramulis parce papillosis, foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongis acutis basi late rotundatis subcoriaceis supra basin trinervatis, cymis axil- laribus multifloris ramis divaricatis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis tubo cam- panulato limbo integro, petalis obtusis, antheris oblongis basi caudatis. A much-branehed erect shrub, glabrous in all its parts, the ultimate branchlets distinctly 4-angled. Leaves opposite, with a very short petiole and a blade much thinner in texture than in M. papillosa and fasciculata, almost cordate, narrowed gradually to an acute point, 2-21 in. long, j-l in. broad, with three di- stinct ribs a little above the base. Cymes copious, fascicled, axillary, much shorter than the leaves, with spreading main branches; pedicels sometimes shorter than the calyx, with a pair of minute deltoid green bracteoles a short space from the calyx. 150 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE Calyx green, glabrous, 3 in. long and broad, with a campanulate tube and a narrow entire collar-like limb. Bud globose; the petals rather longer than the calyx. Anthers small, oblong, 3 line long, with the connective produced into a short hooked spur at the base. Style rather shorter than the petals.—Central Mada- gascar, Baron 1761! MEMECYLON LONGICUSPE, n. Sp. Glabrum, ramosissimum, ramulis gracillimis tetragonis, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis ovatis longe acuminatis uninerviis subcoriaceis integris vel obscure denticulatis basi deltoideis, cy mis axillaribus 1—4-floris breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis flore brevioribus, calycis tubo deltoideo limbo truncato, petalis deltoideo-cuspidatis calyce longioribus, staminibus in- clusis, antheris oblongis basi acutis, fructu nigro duro magnitudine pisi. A much-branched shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with very slender tetragonous branehlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, 1-13 in. long, narrowed from below the middle gradually to a long point, subcoriaceous, dark green on both sides, with no visible veins except the midrib. Cymes copious, axillary, 1-2- nate, erect, l-4-flowered, about 4 in. long. Calyx j5 in. long, black, glabrous, coriaceous, with a cuneate tube and an entire limb. Petals 4, rather longer than the calyx, deltoid-cuspidate. Stamens nearly as long as the petals, with filiform filaments, and small oblong anthers narrowed into an incurved acute point at the base. Style filiform, as long as the petals. Fruit hard, black, globose, 1-seeded, 4 in. in diam.— Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1288! 1301! 1962! BEMBICIA AXILLARIS, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. tab. 1404. Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 891! 1637! Of this interesting and very distinct new genus of Samydacee, a figure and description has been given in Hooker’s ‘ Icones Plantarum.’ Homa ium PARKERI, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, stipulis nullis vel caducis, foliis petiolatis oblongis crenatis coriaceis, floribus parvis in spicas axillares interruptas foliis zquilongas dispositis, bracteis nullis, ovario parvo cuneato pentagono piloso, calycis segmentis brevissimis obtusis, petalis 5 ovato-lanceolatis acutis, staminibus 5 quam petala triplo brevioribus, stylis 3 erectis fila- mentis zequilongis. A tree 20-30 feet high, with glabrous branchlets and leaves. Leaves distinctly petioled, 2-3 in. long, subobtuse, conspicuously FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 151 crenate, deltoid and entire at the base, thick and rigid in texture, with fine parallel erecto-patent main veins. Flowers in interrupted shortly-peduncled spikes 2-3 in. long from the axils of the upper leaves. Ovary pentagonal, cuneate, sessile, 4 line long, with 5 small obtuse segments. Petals 5, rarely 6,4 line long. : Stamens 5, opposite the petals, not more than 4 as long. Styles 3, erect, as long as the filaments.—Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! Forests of Imerina province, Baron 1295! Allied to H. africa- num, Benth., and H. longistylum, Masters. H. tetramerum, Baker, in Trimen's Journ. 1882, p. 110, has been refound by Mr. Baron (No. 858); and in his fine set of specimens there are occasionally pentamerous and even hexamerous flowers. PHARNACEUM SUFFRUTICOSUM, n. sp. Suffruticosum, glabrum, stipulis scariosis deltoideo-cuspidatis haud laceratis, foliis sessilibus fascieulatis subulatis muticis, peduneulis strictis: axillaribus erectis elongatis 1—3-floris, sepalis 5 obovatis obtusis, stami- nibus 10 calyce brevioribus, fructu ovoideo oblongo 5-loculari calyci s&equilongo. A much-branched shrubby perennial, glabrous in all its parts, with stems under a foot long. Leaves tufted, slender, sessile, erect, subulate, with revolute edges, 1-3 in. long, not mucronate at the tip; stipules deltoid-cuspidate, white, scariose, persistent, not lacerated. Flowers on copious axillary slender erect simple or forked naked peduncles 2—4 in. long. Calyx j in. long ; sepals 5, obovate, obtuse, imbricated, green, with a white margin. Corolla none. Stamens 10, rather shorter than the sepals, with filiform filaments and minute orbicular anthers. Capsule as long as the calyx, splitting down to the base into 5 loculicidal valves, each cell containing a few small brown cuneate seeds.— Province of Ambongo, Pervillé, 647! Adds this well-known characteristi- cally Cape genus to the Madagascar flora. HypnocorYLE ($ CENTELLA) TUSSILAGINIFOLIA, n. sp. : Perennis, late reptans, caulibus gracillimis decumbentibus internodiis longis, foliis ad nodos fasciculatis longe petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus parvis dentatis ciliatis, pedunculis solitariis, umbellis capitatis 2-3-floris, bracteis exterioribus conspicuis oblongis, fructu orbiculari stylis parvis faleatis coronato. A wide-trailing perennial herb, with very slender stems, at first slightly pilose, sending out tufts of erect leaves from the nodes. Leaves few in a tuft, with pilose petioles j-1 in. long, LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XX. M 152 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE with large persistent stipules, and a cordate-orbicular membranous lamina 1-1 in. broad, with deltoid teeth and a large open basal sinus, pilose mainly on the margin when young, glabrous when mature. Peduncles solitary, simple, shorter than the petioles. Flowers 2-3, sessile in a globose head, the two opposite outer bracts green, oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the flowers. Flower 4l in. long; ovary oblong; petals 5, red, deltoid, a third as long as the ovary. Fruit orbicular, 43; in. long and broad, laterally compressed, obscurely ribbed, crowned by the small faleate styles, which are cylindrical down to the base.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2139! A near ally of the widely spread H. asiatica, L. PIMPINELLA BISECTA, n. sp. Perennis, erecta, copiose ramosa, foliis plerisque basalibus rosulatis petiolatis pilosis oblongis pinnatis segmentis adnatis profunde serratis, umbellis primariis 3-5-radiatis ebracteatis, umbellulis 3—6-floris bracteolis abortivis vel solitariis minutis, pedicellis quam fructus triplo longioribus, fructu oblongo glabro jugis parum prominulis, stylis brevissimis divaricatis. A. perennial herb, about 2 feet long, with slender much- branched glabrous stems. Leaves nearly all (5-6) in a basal rosette, 3—4 in. long including the winged petiole, pilose, oblong, with several pairs of sessile oblong or lanceolate sharply serrated pinne. Stem-leaves none except at the base of the branches, the lower simply pinnate with entire linear segments, the upper simple lanceolate. Umbels of 3-5 rays without any bracts. Umbellules of 3-6 flowers; pedicels finally 4—4 in. long, with rarely a single minute linear bract to an umbel. Fruit oblong, glabrous, à in. long, with three inconspicuous ribs on the rounded back of each mericarp and an oblong commissure. Filiform por- tion of styles divaricate, not longer than their thickened bases.— Central Madagascar, Baron 929! PIMPINELLA EBRACTEATA, n. 8p. Perennis, erecta, glabra, parce ramosa, folis basalibus rosulatis del- toideis bipinnatis segmentis ovatis obtusis argute serratis, folis superi- oribus segmentis acutis, umbellis primariis 5-6-radiatis, umbellulis 6-8- floris, bracteis bracteolisque nullis, pedicellis elongatis, fructu oblongo glabro jugis parum prominulis, stylis brevissimis divaricatis. An erect perennial, with slender stems 1-1} ft. long. Leaves mainly in a basal rosette; petiole 1-1} in. long; lamina deltoid, bipinnate, 2-3 in. long, moderately firm in texture, green and FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 153 glabrous on both surfaces; segments sessile, broad ovate, 1-] in. long. Stem-leaves usually only from the base of the branches, the upper simply pinnate, with distantlinear segments. Primary umbels with peduncles nearly an inch long; pedicels 1-1 in. Flowers and fruit as in P. bisecta and tenuicaulis.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2048! PIMPINELLA TENUICAULIS, n. sp. Perennis, glabra, foliis inferioribus biternatim compositis foliolis ovatis argute serratis, umbellis primariis circiter 5-radiatis bracteis 3-4 minutis linearibus, umbellulis 4-7-floris bracteolis linearibus, pedicellis quam fructus 3-4plo longioribus, fructu oblongo glabro jugis parum prominulis, stylis brevibus divaricatis. A perennial herb, glabrous in all its parts, with much-branched erect very slender stems 2-3 ft. long. Lower leaves petioled, biternately compound, with ovate serrated leaflets of moderately firm texture about 4 in. long. Primary umbels of about 5 rays, with 3-4 minute linear bracts. Umbels 4—7-flowered; pedicels 4—} in. long; bracts several, minute, linear. Fruit oblong, with three inconspicuous ribs on the rounded back ; commissural face oblong. Petals minute, white. Filiform upper portion of the styles not longer than the dilated base, divaricating.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1238 ! PANAX TRIPINNATUS, D. 8p. Glaber, folis magnis deltoideis tripinnatis foliolis obovatis obtusis ciliato-denticulatis, inflorescenti ramis elongatis racemosis, ramulis um- bellatis, umbellis 4-8-floris, pedicellis brevibus basi articulatis, ovario globoso triloculari, calycis limbo minute quinquedentato, stylis subulatis recurvatis quam ovarium quadruplo brevioribus. A shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 1-1} ft. long and broad, deltoid, with 3-jugate main divisions, the leaflets in 2-3 opposite pairs, erecto-patent, sessile or obscurely stalked, deltoid at the base, 2-1 in. long, very obtuse, the end one sessile between the two top side ones; margin obscurely erenate, with a few subu- late cilia; texture moderately firm ; both surfaces dull green, with only the midrib visible. Branches of the inflorescence 6-9 in. long, with numerous short erecto-patent peduncled simple umbels with a small lanceolate bract at the base of each branch; pedicels 4 in. long. Fruit 4 in. long and broad, 3-lobed, and each of the three lobes conspicuously 3-ribbed, crowned with & minute sharply 5-toothed calyx-limb and three filiform recurved 154 MR J. G BAKER ON THE styles nearly a line long. Petals not seen. Seeds much and deeply lobed laterally.—Central] Madagascar, Baron 1935 PANAX CISSIFLORUS, n. 8p. Glaber, foliis magnis deltoideis bipinnatis, foliolis 2-3-jugis oblongis acutis parce ciliato-denticulatis, infloréscentiz ramis parce racemosis, ramulis simpliciter umbellatis, umbellis 5-6-floris, pedicellis flore longi- oribus, ovario globoso triloculari, calycis limbo minuto subintegro, stylis 3 ad basin liberis. A. shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves a foot long and broad, with two erecto-patent opposite side divisions and an end one; leaflets 5-7 to a division, oblong or obovate-oblong, acute, 2-3 in. long, about an inch broad, moderately firm in texture, no ribs except.the midrib distinctly visible. Branches of the in- florescence three in a terminal whorl, half a foot long, bearing each 5-6 peduncled whorls of flowers arranged racemosely ; final pedicels slender, about 4 in. long. Ovary globose-trigonous, } in. long and broad, crowned by a minute calyx-limb and small globose green corolla. Stamens included. Styles free to the base.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1775! Pawax (§ SPHEROPANAX) ZANTHOXYLOIDES, n. 8p. Arboreus, glaber, foliis bipinnatis, pinnis 3-4-jugis, centralibus solum parce compositis, foliolis obovatis obtusis rigide coriaceis, floribus in um- bellas paniculatas dispositis, umbellis paucifloris, pedicellis basi articulatis quam fructus paulo longioribus, fructu globoso 4—5-angulato 4-5-loculari, stigmatibus 4-5 brevibus patulis. An erect tree or shrub, glabrous in all i parts, with stiff terete branchlets. Leaves 3—4 in. long, including the 1-in. petiole, which is swollen at the base; rhachis angled; leaflets obovate, obtuse, cuneate at the base, 1-11 in. long, firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with 4—5-jugate parallel erecto-patent main veins, the 3-4 pinne consisting of single leaflets in the less developed leaves, but in the more developed leaves the central pinne compound, with 3-5 leaflets. Flowers in small peduncled terminal panicles 2-3 in. long, with short simple erecto-patent 4- -angled branches bearing umbels of 3-6 flowers, with pedicels 1—L in. long, not dilated into a cup at the tip. Mature ovary doble, 4-5-angled, 4—5-celled, glabrous, iin.in diam. Petals and stamens not seen. Stigmas 4-5, forming a star about a line in diameter, thickened downwards and connate at the base.—Central Madagascar, forests of Imerina province, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 155 Baron 1080! 1300! 1351! This and the next species recede from Panax by their 5-celled ovary, and perhaps should constitute a distinct genus ; but they are connected with the type by Maralia of Thouars and Oligoscias of Seemann. Panax (§ SPILEROPANAX) ORNIFOLIUS, n. sp. Arboreus, glaber, folis simpliciter pinnatis, foliolis 9-13 inzquilate- raliter oblongis vel oblanceolatis obtusis rigide coriaceis remotis sessilibus vel brevissime petiolulatis, floribus in umbellas multas paniculatas dispositis, umbellis multifloris, pedicellis quam flos 34plo longioribus apice in eupulam dilatatis, basi articulatis, ovario 5-loculari, calycis limbo integro angusto, stylis brevibus cylindricis erecto-patentibus. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with thick ultimate branchlets. Leaves crowded, nearly a foot long, including the petiole, which is an inch long and thickened towards the base ; rhachis zigzag ; leaflets opposite, nearly or quite sessile, inequilateral, oblong, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, rigid in texture, entire, green on both surfaces, glossy above, obscurely penuinerved, with copious fine erecto- patent veinlets, cuneate at the base, more cut away on the lower side. Flowers in copious lateral and terminal peduncled panicles as long as the leaves, composed of numerous peduncled umbels, of which a number of the top ones spring from the apex of the main peduncle, whilst the others are scattered; peduncles 1-2 in. long; pedicels 1-4 in. long, strongly angled, eupular at the tip. Petals 5, ovate, greenish-yellow, 3 in. long. Stamens 5, half as long as the petals, with short linear filaments and oblong anthers. Ovary finally oblong, pentagonal, 5-celled, crowned by the narrow collar-like calyx-limb. Styles 5, sbort, erecto-patent.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1187 ! 1248! CUSSONIA MONOPHYLLA, n. Sp. Arborea, glabra, petiolo brevi apice articulato, foliis simplicibus oblanceolato-oblongis acutis coriaceis nitidis, panicule ramis simpliciter vel bis umbellatis, pedicellis brevibus basi articulatis, umbellis 5-10-floris, ovario globoso 2-4-loculari, calycis limbo subintegro, stylo apice 2-4- euspidato. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with more slender branchlets than in the compound-leaved species. Petiole stout, 2-1 in. long, articulated at the base of the solitary leaflet, which is 3-4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad above the middle, acute, quite entire, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, coriaceous in texture, shining on the upper surface, with the veins and veinlets 156 MR. J. G. BAKEB ON THE raised on both surfaces, the main ones close and erecto-patent, distinct from the midrib to the margin. Flowers in a peduncled terminal panicle, with two whorls of erecto-patent simply or doubly umbellate branches. Calyx campanulate, with a sub- entire collar-like limb. Petals not seen. Style with as many eusps at the tip as there are cells in the ovary.—Central Mada- gascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1279! CUSSONIA RACEMOSA, n. Sp. Arborea, glabra, ramulis crassis rugosis, foliis longe petiolatis digitatim 4-6-foliolatis, foliolis oblanceolatis sessilibus obtusis coriaceis integris, in- florescentiz ramis bipinnatis, ramulis racemosis, pedicellis flore longi- oribus, bracteis minutis deltoideis, ovario biloculari, calycis limbo trun- cato, petalis oblongo-deltoideis. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with stout rugose woody branchlets. Leaves crowded; petiole reaching a length of 6-8 inches; leaflets quite sessile, 3-4 in. long, 4-2 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, narrowed gradually to the base, all the veins except the midrib fine and quite hidden. Flowers in an ample panicle at the end of the branchlets, with numerous contiguous bipinnate branches ; ultimate branchlets racemose. Flowers seen in the bud- stage only. Pedicels 3 in. long, with a small deltoid bract at the base. Calyx campanulate, with a subentire limb. Bud sub- globose.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2015! Cusson1a VANTSILANA, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis longe petiolatis digitatis rigide coriaceis nitidis, foliolis 3-6 sessilibus cuneatis apice truncato-cuspidatis, floribus copiose spicato-paniculatis, bracteolis parvis persistentibus deltoideis, calycis tubo cuneato limbo angusto subintegro, stylis brevibus connatis. A tree, with stout ultimate branchlets, glabrous in all its parts. Petioles terete, sometimes a foot in length. Leaves digitately compound, very thiek and rigid in texture, glossy on the upper surface, opaque beneath, with fine erecto-patent main veins; leaflets 3-6, sessile, cuneate, 3-6 in. long, broadest (2-3 in.) at the apex, emarginate, with or without a small cusp. Flowers in copious peduncled panicles, with erecto-patent spicate branches 1-3 in. long. Ovary sessile, deltoid, } in. long, with a subentire narrow collar-like calyx-limb and at its base 2 or 3 minute per- sistent deltoid bracteoles. Unexpanded corolla subglobose, yz in. in diam.; petals oblong-lanceolate. Styles 2, erect, not more than one third as long as the ovary, connate nearly to the tip. Fruit FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 157 oblong.— Forests of Central Madagascar, received in flower from Mr. Baron (No. 1016) and in leaf from Dr. Parker and long ago from Bojer. Native name Vantsilana or Voantsilana. CUSSONIA FRAXINIFOLIA, D. sp. Arborea, glabra, ramulis ultimis crassis, foliis imparipinnatis coriaceis longe petiolatis, foliolis 5-7 oblongis integris obtusis petiolatis, ramis panicule racemosis elongatis ramulis ultimis umbellatis, umbellis 6-8- floris, pedicellis quam flos 3-4plo longioribus, ovario orbiculari-oblongo szpissime 2-loculari, limbo obscure dentato, stylo brevissimo apice cuspidato. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with very stout channelled rugose ultimate branchlets. Leaves a foot long, including the 3~4-in. petiole; leaflets in about 3 opposite pairs on short thick petiolules and a long-stalked end one, about 3 in. long, entire, obtuse, deltoid or rather rounded at the base, the veins except the midrib very fine and immersed. Flowers in an ample panicle at the end of the branches, with several erecto-patent branches with a large persistent cucullate obtuse bract at the base, those at the tip of the stem in a whorl, each branch bearing a large number of stalked umbels pinnately arranged. Pedicels j-j in. long, square, not bracteated at the base. Ovary j in. long, constricted at the neck, usually 2-celled, sometimes 3-celled, with an obscurely toothed spreading collar-like limb. Petals and stamens not seen. Style very short, 2-3-cuspidate at the tip.— Between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1579! CUSSONIA MYRIANTHA, N. sp. Arborea, glabra, ramulis ultimis crassis, foliis longe petiolatis digitatim 7- foliolatis, foliolis longe petiolulatis late oblongis cuspidatis integris subcori- aceis nitidis, inflorescentie ramis omnium graduum umbellatis, umbellis ultimis 4—6-floris, pedicellis quam flos 2-3plo longioribus, ovario orbiculari biloculari, limbo subintegro, petalis deltoideis, staminibus inclusis, stylo subintegro. A tree, glabrous in all its parts, with thick woody ultimate branchlets. Petiole half a foot long; petiolules 13-2 in. long; leaflets 3-4 in. long, distinctly cuspidate, broadly rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, with fine close distinct erecto-patent main veins. Inflorescence terminal, nearly a foot broad, the umbellate branching five times repeated; main branches five, thick and 4- angled; final pedicels 1 in. long, articulated at the base, with a minute deltoid bract. Calyx 1 line in diam., with a subentire spreading collar-like neck. Petals deltoid, greenish, under 4); in. 158 ON THE FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. long. Anthers oblong, with very short filaments. Style short, slender, entire.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2017 ! DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. Puate XXII. Fig. 1. Sparmannia discolor, n. sp. The plant in flower. 2. Asepal. 3. A stellate hair. 4. Stamens, their anterior and posterior faces. 5. Barren stamens. 6. The pistil. 7. Transverse section of the ovary. 8. A branch with ripe fruits. Puate XXIII. Fig. 1. Microsteira Curtisii, gen. & sp. n. Portion of the plant, showing the staminate flowers. 2. A branch, with pistillate flowers. 3. A hair. 4. Male flower. 5. Calyx of the male flower. 6. Stamens, back and face. 7. Female flower with petals removed. 8. Petal of female flower. 9. The fruit; and 10, the same in side view: both of natural size. 1l. The seed. ON THE FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 159 Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar.— Part II. Monopetale. By J. G. Baxzn, F.R.S., F.L.S. [Read December 21, 1882.] (Prates XXIV.-XXVII.) Iw the present paper are characterized upwards of 150 Dicotyle- dons of the Gamopetalous series of natural orders, gathered in Madagasear by recent English collectors, especially by the Rev. R. Baron, F.L.S., of the London Missionary Society. The most interesting is Schismatoclada, a new genus of Rubiacez allied to Cinchona. The other new genera are :— Tetraspidium, of the group of semiparasitie Serophulariacez such as Pedicularis and Melam- pyrum (which turn completely black in drying), remarkable for its four shield-shaped one-celled anthers; Forsythiopsis, an erect shrubby Acanthaceous genus with flowers like Forsythia and leaves not fully developed till after the flowers fade; and Mona- chochlamys, another genus of Acanthacew, allied to Mendoncia and Thunbergia, with numerous small flowers each contained in a persistent spathaceous bract like the hood of a Franciscan monk. Of representatives of well-known European genera, the present collection contains two species of Anagallis nearly allied to A. tenella, 2 Ajugas, a Salvia, 2 Micromerias, 3 species of Stachys, 5 Senecios, 3 Cynoglossums, and a Lysimachia. The genera re- presented most largely are Danais, Vernonia, Helichrysum, Gert- nera, Clerodendron, and Hypoestes. There is a single species of the beautiful Acanthaceous genus Strodilanthes, represented in India by above 100 species. There is anew Vinca allied to V. rosea. Of endemic genera known previously in the island, we have new species of Aspilia, Epallage, and Oncostemon. Of Cape types the principal are a Lightfootia, a Halleria, an Alectra, and two heaths of the genus Philippia. ScHIsMATOCLADA, genus novum Rubiacearum subordinis Cin- chonacearum. (Tab. XXIV.) Calycis tubus campanulatus; limbi dentes 5 lanceolate inzequales foliacez. Corolla hypocrateriformis, tubo cylindrico intus glabro, limbi segmentis ob- longo-lanceolatis wstivatione valvatis. Stamina 5 ad corolle tubi faucem in- serta, filamentis filiformibus quam segmenta paulo brevioribus, antheris linearibus versatilibus. Discus conspicuus. Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis nu- merosis placentis peltatim affixis ; stylus filiformis, ramis 2 elongatis. Cap- sula coriacea ab apice septicide infra medium dehiscens, seminibus permultis LINN, JOURN.— BOTANY, YOL. XX. N 160 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE parvis planis testa laxa membranacea brunnea utrinque nuclei oblongi in caudas lanceolatas dentatas producta.—Arbor erecta glabra Madagasca- riensis, foliis oppositis obovato-oblongis, stipulis parvis deltoideis connatis interpetiolaribus, floribus parvis lilacinis glabris copiose corymboso-pani- culatis sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis parvis linearibus. S. PSYCHOTRIOIDES, Baker. (Pl. XXIV. A. figs. 1-7.) An erect tree with the habit of a Psychotria, glabrous in all its parts, the ultimate branchlets rather compressed, the nodes thickened. Stipules small, deltoid, connate, persistent. Leaves in opposite pairs, shortly petioled, obovate-oblong, acute, 3-4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, deltoid at the base, bright green and gla- brous on both surfaces, with numerous distinct arching parallel main veins. Flowers in small lax terminal panicles, with a few corymbose branches; pedicels none or short; bracts minute, linear, inconspicuous. Calyx-tube 4l; in. long; teeth twice as long, oblanceolate, foliaceous. Corolla-tube 4 in. long, cylin- drical, glabrous both inside and out; segments 5, oblong-lanceo- late, } in.-long, slightly induplicate in wstivation, spreading hori- zontally when fully expanded. Stamens as long as the corolla- segments; filaments filiform; anthers linear. Capsule under i in. long, oblong, splitting from the apex nearly down to the base, rigid in texture, the top projecting distinctly beyond the persistent calyx-teeth ; the placenta not reaching the top, and separating from the valves. Seeds } in. long, numerous, flat, pale brown, glabrous, the testa produced into a lanceolate lace- rated tail on both sides of the oblong nucleus.—Forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1320 (fruit) and 1769 (flower). —— The only other Old-world genus of Cinchonez with a septi- cidal capsule is the Himalayan Hymenopogon, from which this differs abundantly. Mr. Baron sends also what is most likely a second species, with obtuse leaves and considerably larger and more woody capsules ; but of this there are no flowers; so I do not venture to characterize it. DANAIS GERRARDI, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis teretibus, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis obovato- oblongis acutis, floribus in cymas sessiles axillares dispositis, pedicellis quam calyx 2-3plo longioribus, calycis dentibus linearibus tubo campanu- lato zquilongis, corolle tubo cylindrico, dentibus quam tubus duplo bre- vioribus, staminibus leviter protrusis, A climbing forest-shrub with slender glabrous terete branch- lets. Leaves shortly petioled, moderately firm in texture, 2-8 mm. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 161 long, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, narrowed gra- dually from the middle to the base. Flowers in copious sessile axillary cymes; pedicels 3-} in.; bracts minute, lanceolate. Flower-calyx 4; in. long. Corolla-tube cylindrical, } in. long; teeth oblong-lanceolate, y; in. long. Stamens rather longer than the corolla-segments. Fruit not seen.—Madagascar, Gerrard 162! Near Alamazaotra forest, Baron 1464! Between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1536! DaNAIS YOLUDILIS, n. sp. Volubilis, glabra, foliis oppositis vel ternatis petiolatis rigide coriaceis obovato-oblongis acutis vel obtusis cuspidatis, floribus in cymas densifloras axillares dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubum campanulatum 2-3plo superantibus, corollz tubo elongato cylindrico, denti- bus lanceolatis quam tubus 3-4plo brevioribus, fructibus globosis magni- tudine mediocribus. A scandent shrub, with slender terete woody stems, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 11-2 in. long, sometimes above an inch broad, acute or obtuse with a cusp, very firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with raised veinlets beneath. Flowers in copious dense axillary cymes with very short pe- duncles. Calyx } in. long, with 5 lanceolate teeth much longer than the tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical, } in. long; teeth 5, spreading, lanceolate, } in. long. Stigma exserted, deeply bifid. Capsule depresso-globose, hard, brown, 1-j in. in diam.—Top of Ifody mountain, Baron 1372! DANAIS HISPIDA, n. sp. D. ramulis teretibus hispidis, foliis magnis oppositis petiolatis oblongis acutis subcoriaceis facie glabris dorso hispidulis, floribus in cymas densas axillares dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo campanulato seg- mentis deltoideis, corolla segmentis lanceolatis quam tubus subcylindricus 3-4plo brevioribus, fructu magnitudine mediocri nigro globoso. A shrub or tree, with stoutish straight terete branchlets, densely clothed with stout brown articulated hairs. Leaves oppo- site, distinctly petioled, 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the base and apex, subcoriaceous, green on both surfaces, glabrous above, furnished with a few bristly hairs beneath, with 8-10-jugate parallel arcuate ascending main veins. Flowers in dense axillary cymes with very short pedicels. Calyx glabrous, 4 in. long, with a campanulate tube and 5 deltoid teeth. Corolla with a subcylindrical tube ¿4 in. long, and small N 2 162 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE lanceolate segments. Stamens as long as the corolla-segments. Fruit hard, black, globose, 4 in. in diam.— Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1304! DANAIS PAUCIFLORA, n. sp. D. ramulis teretibus glabris, foliis 2-3nis parvis petiolatis subcoriaceis obovato-oblongis acutis glabris, floribus in cymas paucifloras axillares dis- positis, pedicellis quam calyx longioribus, calycis tubo campanulato dentibus minutis deltoideis, fructu maximo globoso glabro. A much-branched shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with slender terete branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, sometimes oppo- site, sometimes ternate, 1-1} in. long, 4-2 in. broad, acute, deltoid at the base, green and glabrous on both surfaces, the main veins distinct, anastomosing by an arch just within the margin. Flowers few together in copious axillary cymes ; pedi- cels i-i in. long. Flower-calyx, including the minute teeth, not more than 4 line long. Corolla and stamens not seen. Fruit globose, 4 in. in diam., black, hard, glabrous, splitting down the middle from the top nearly down to the base.—Central Mada- gascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1298! Daxars TERNATA, n. Sp. D. ramulis teretibus breviter pilosis, foliis ternatis breviter petiolatis obovato-oblongis acutis, floribus in cymas paucifloras axillares dispositis, pedicellis quam calyx 3-4plo longioribus, calycis segmentis lanceolatis tubo campanulato zquilongis, fructu glabro globoso. A shrub 5 or 6 feet high, with slender terete shortly pilose branchlets. Stipules minute, lanceolate-deltoid. Leaves all in whorls of three, shortly petioled, 2-3 in. long, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, moderately firm in tex- ture, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in small sessile cymes in the axils of all the upper leaves; pedi- cels erect, -4 in. long; bracts minute, lanceolate. Flower-calyx 35 in. long. Corolla and stamens not seen. Capsule glabrous, depresso-globose, 4 in. in diam.—Madagasear, Gerrard! DANAIS LIGUSTRIFOLIA, n. sp. D. ramulis glabris teretibus, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis obovato- oblongis glabris acutis, floribus in paniculas terminales ramulis corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis fructu subzquilongis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato equilongis, corolla tubo cylindrico quam calyx 2-3plo longiore dentibus oblongo-lanceolatis, fructu glabro globoso. A forest shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with terete woody FLORA OF MADAGASCAR, 163 branchlets. Stipules minute, deltoid. Leaves shortly petioled, 2-3 in. long, bright green, glabrous, moderately firm in texture, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base. Flowers in ample terminal panicles with corymbose branches ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Flower-calyx j in. long. Corolla 4 in. long, pilose inside the tube, the teeth about a third as long as the cylindrical tube. Stamens as long as the corolla-segments. Capsule glabrous, globose, 4; in. in diam., crowned, as in the other species, by the persistent diminished calyx-teeth.— Forests of Central Madagascar, in the province of Imerina, Lyall 123 bis! Baron 494! 1073! DANAIS BREVIFLORA, n. sp. D. ramulis glabris, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis obovato-oblongis magnis acutis, floribus in panieulas terminales ramulis corymbosis dispo- sitis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato duplo longioribus, corollz tubo infundibulari quam calyx paulo longiore, dentibus oblongo-lanceolatis, staminibus haud exsertis. A forest shrub, with glabrous terete branchlets. Leaves oppo- site, shortly petioled, glabrous, bright green, moderately firm in texture, 3-4 in. long, 18-21 lines broad, acute, narrowed gra- dually from the middle to the base. Flowers in an ample ter- minal panicle, with densely flowered erecto-patent branches ; pedicels very short. Calyx j; in. long, glabrous. Corolla } in. long, densely pilose at the throat, the spreading teeth half as long as the funnel-shaped tube. Stamens about as long as the corolla-segments. Fruit unknown.— Central Madagascar, in the province of Imerina, Dr. Lyall 225! DANAIS MICROCARPA, n. Sp. Glabra, ramulis teretibus, folis oppositis petiolatis. obovato-oblongis acutis, floribus in panic» as amplas terminales ramulis corymbosis dispo- sitis, pedicellis fructui sequilongis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo cam- panulato zquilongis, fructu minuto glabro globoso. : A climbing shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with slender tereto branchlets. Stipules minute, deltoid. Leaves distinctly petioled, moderately firm in texture, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, 1-2 in. long, deltoid at the base. Flowers in ample oblong-deltoid terminal panicles with corymbose branches ; pedi- cels 4-1 line long; bracts minute, deltoid. Flower-calyx yz in. long; lanceolate teeth as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla and stamens not seen. Capsule glabrous, crustaceous, depresso- 164 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE globose, not more than +} in. in diam., crowned by the minute per- sistent calyx-teethForests of the province of Betani-nema, Boer! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! Baron 1140! 1340! DANAIS RHAMNIFOLIA, n. sp. D. ramulis subteretibus ultimis puberulis, foliis oppositis petiolatis glabris magnis obovato-oblongis, floribus in paniculas copiosas terminales et axil- lares ramis corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis quam calyx longioribus, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo squilongis, corollae tubo quam calyx 4-6plo longiore, dentibus lanceolatis acutis quam tubus 2-3plo brevioribus, sta- minibus exsertis. An erect shrub, with the ultimate branchlets minutely pube- rulous. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, moderately firm in texture, 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, deltoid at the base and apex, with distinct parallel arcuate ascending main veins. Flowers in copious ample axillary and terminal panicles with corymbose branches ; pedicels slender, pubescent, 1-3 times as long as the calyx. Flower-calyx under 4; in. long, the 5 lanceolate teeth equalling the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical, 4 in. long ; teeth lanceolate, acute. Stamens longer than the corolla-segments. Fruit not seen.—Central Madagascar, Baron 919! DANAIS VERTICILLATA, n. sp. Glabra, ramulis acute tetragonis, foliis verticillatis 4natis sessilibus ob- longis acuminatis, floribus in paniculam terminalem ramulis corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato subequilongis, fructu pro genere magno depresse globoso. A forest shrub, 6 or 8 feet high, glabrous in all its parts, with acutely quadrangular branchlets. Leaves in whorls of four, sessile, 2-3 in. long, about an inch broad above the middle, bright green, moderately firm in texture, rounded at the base. Flowers in terminal panicles with corymbose branches; pedicels finally about as long as the fruit. Flower-calyx about a line long. Fruit depresso-globose, 4 in. in diam.—Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! Baron 1307! DANAIS PUBESCENS, n. sp. D. ramulis dense pubescentibus, foliis oppositis petiolatis parvis ovatis acutis subcoriaceis, floribusin paniculas terminales ramulis paucifloris cory m- bosis dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis vel nullis, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato æquilongis, fructu nigro globoso calvato, FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 165 A forest shrub 10 or 12 feet high, with slender terete densely pilose branchlets. Leaves opposite, with a pilose petiole 1-1 in. long, and an ovate rigid dark green blade 1-12 in. long, rounded at the base, nearly glabrous above, pilose especially on the ribs beneath. Flowers in a terminal panicle, with distant few-flowered erecto-patent corymbose densely pilose branches. Flower-calyx about +1; in. long, densely pilose. Corolla and stamens not seen. Fruit black, hard, globose, 4-1 in, in diam.—Forest of Andranga- loaka, Dr. Parker! Top of Ifody mountain, Baron 1375! PENTAS MUSSJENDOIDES, N. sp. Fruticosa, fusco-pubescens, stipulis brevibus fimbriatis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis membranaceis a: medio ad apicem et basin angustatis, floribus in cymas terminales corymbosas vel racemosas aggregatis, pedicellis brevissimis vel sub. nullis, fructu infundibulari coriaceo 10-costato, calycis dentibus 4 parvis lanceolatis, quinto magno foliaceo oblanceolato petiolato, corollx pilos: tubo cylindrico segmentis parvis lanceolatis. An erect shrub or small tree, 10 or 15 feet high, with slender terete branchlets, clothed with short deciduous brown pubes- cence. Stipules short, fimbriated, with pubescent setaceous segments. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, 4-5 in. long, 1-14 in. broad at the middle, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, finely brown-pubescent, with numerous parallel arcuate ascending main veins. Flowers in an ample terminal panicle, with short or elongated cymose branches. Corolla with a pilose cylindrical tube an inch long, and 5 or rarely 6 small lanceolate segments. Stamens sessile near the top of the corolla-tube. Capsule infundibuliform, coriaccous, 3 in. long, narrowed gra- dually to the base, with 10 distinct subequal ribs. Calyx-teeth 4 small lanceolate unequal, the fifth membranous, oblanceolate, obtuse, distinctly petioled, 7-1 in. long, greenish-yellow with green veins.—Central Madagascar, gathered long ago by Lyall (195), and now rediscovered by Baron (1059 and 1921) and Parker in the forest of Andrangaloaka. UROPHYLLUM LxarLLIT, n. sp. Arborea, ramulis obscure hispidis, stipulis lanceolatis, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis utrinque viridibus gla- bris, floribus in cymas paucifloras axillares dispositis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato aquilongis, corolla tubo cylindrico intus piloso, dentibus deltoideis, staminibus inclusis, fructu globoso nigro 4-loculari magnitudine pisi. 166 MR. J. d. BAKER ON THE A much-branched small erect tree, 12-20 feet high, with slender terete obscurely hispid branchlets. Stipules lanceolate, entire, persistent. Leaves shortly petioled, 3-4 in. long, an inch broad, acuminate, moderately firm in texture, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, with much-raised 6-8-jugate arcuate- ascending main veins. Flowers few together in copious small nearly sessile axillary cymes. Flower-calyx 4 in. long ; teeth 5, lanceolate. Corolla-tube 4 in. long, hairy all down inside; seg- ments half as long as the tube. Stamens 5, inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments filiform, as long as the oblong anthers. Style as long as the corolla-tube, simple. Fruit glabrous, globose, with numerous scarlet seeds in each of the four cells.—Forests of the province of Imerina, gathered long ago by Bojer and Lyall (343), and now rediscovered by Dr. Parker and Mr. Baron (1039, 1049, 1250, 1527, 1649). MUSSJENDA TRICHOPHLEBIA, n. sp. M. ramulis apice pilosis, stipulis lanceolatis vel deltoideis, foliis oppositis petiolatis obovato-oblongis acutis facie obscure pilosis dorso ad venas dense pilosis, floribus dense corymboso-paniculatis, pedicellis brevibus, bracteis lanceolatis, calycis pilosi dentibus lanceolatis tubo clavato aequi- longis, coroll tubo cylindrico dense piloso bipollicari, segmentis lanceo- latis quam tubus quadruplo brevioribus, fructu oblongo-clavato calvato. An erect tree, with pilose branchlets. Stipules persistent, pilose, lanceolate or deltoid. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, obovate-oblong, acute, 2-8 in. long, narrowed to the base, green and obscurely pilose above, dull green and densely pilose espe- cially on the arcuate ascending 8-9-jugate parallel main veins beneath. Flowers in dense terminal corymbs, sessile or shortly pedicellate ; bracts lanceolate, persistent. Flower-calyx under 3 in. long, densely silky ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla whitish, densely silky on the outside, with a cylindrical tube 2 in. long and 5 lanceolate segments. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube, included; anthers large, linear. Style densely pilose, with 2 lanceolate stigmatic lobes i5 in. long. Fruit clavate-oblong, glabrescent, under an inch long, crowned by the persistent calyx-teeth.— Forests of Central Madagascar, Baron 493!1764! A near ally of M. Landia and M. hymenopogonoides. MUSSJENDA VESTITA, D. sp. M. ramulis dense pilosis, stipulis parvis pilosis, foliis petiolatis oblongis FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 167 acutis subcoriaceis facie viridibus hispidis dorso dense persistenter albido- tomentosis, floribus dense corymboso-paniculatis, pedicellis brevibus, calycis dense pilosi dentibus lanceolatis tubo wquilongis, corolla dense pilose segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis tubo cylindrico 3-4 plo brevioribus, fructu oblongo-clavato piloso. An erect tree, with slender terete woody branchlets, densely clothed with short spreading firm dark-brown hairs. Stipules tin. long. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, 2-4 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, entire, deltoid at the base, thick and firm in texture, green and scabrous with short bristly hairs above, densely matted with thick whitish tomentum beneath, with 10-12-jugate ascend- ing brown main veins. Flowers in a dense shortly peduncled terminal corymb. Calyx 1 in. long; segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla densely clothed with drab hairs on the outside; tube subcylindrical, an inch long; segments oblong-lanceolate, cuspi- date. Capsule subterete, densely pubescent, 3-3 in. long, full of very numerous minute small black seeds.—Woods of Betsileo- land, Kitching! Baron 55! This may possibly be the imperfectly described JL. discolor, Thouars, of which the native country is unknown. Alberta laurifolia, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 271 (Baron 2019), I find had been already described by Dr. Baillon (Adan- sonia, xii. 247) under the name of Alberta minor. PLECTRONIA DENSITLORA, D. Sp. Arborea, glabra, stipulis magnis coriaceis, foliis petiolatis magnis ob- longis coriaceis glabris venis primariis validis parallelis 6-8-jugis, floribus in eymas densas sessiles axillares umbellatas dispositis, pedicellis quam flos longioribus, calycis minuti tubo cuneato dentibus deltoideis, corolle segmentis oblongo-deltoidcis tubo æquilongis, antheris ad corolle faucem pilosam sessilibus. An erect tree, glabrous in all its parts, with terete branchlets. Stipules lanceolate, coriaceous, above 4 in. long. Leaves di- stinctly petioled, 6-8 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, subobtuse, rounded at the base, bright green and rather shining above, paler beneath, with 6-8 parallel pairs of strongly marked arcuate ascending main veins. Flowers in dense sessile axillary umbels; pedicels about jin.long. Flower-calyx 3 lin. in diam. Corolla j in. long, the oblong-lanceolate teeth equalling the tube. Anthers minute, oblong, inserted at the densely hairy throat of the corolla-tube. Fruit not seen.—Madagascar, Gerrard 61! 168 MB, J. G. BAKER ON THE PLECTRONIA UMBELLATA, n. sp.—Pyrostria umbellata, Bojer, Hort. Maur. 170 (nomen solum). Arborea, glabra, stipulis magnis oblongo-deltoideis, foliis magnis petio- latis oblongis, floribus in cymas densas axillares umbellatas pedunculatas conspicue bracteatas dispositis, pedicellis elongatis, calycis tubo campanu- lato, limbo minuto, coroll tubo campanulato, segmentis 4 oblongo-lanceo- latis, staminibus minutis ad corolla faucem pilosam sessilibus, fructu globoso compresso duro emarginato. An erect tree or large shrub, glabrous in allits parts. Stipules oblong or deltoid, coriaceous, persistent, 1-j in. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, subcoriaceous, 4-S in. long, 24-4 in. broad, with 6-8 pairs of conspicuously raised ascending parallel main veins. Flowers in dense umbellate peduncled axillary cymes, with a pair of large deltoid braets at the base; pedicels lin.long. Calyx-tube +4 in. long; limb very short, collar-like, subtruneate. Corolla + in. long, with a campanulate tube and 4 oblong-lanceolate segments. Stamens 4, the minute anthers nearly sessile at the densely pilose throat of the corolla. Stigma with 2 orbieular lobes. Fruit hard, black, compressed, glabrous, two-lobed, 4 in. in diam., containing two bony pyrenes.—Central Madagascar, Dr. Meller! Baron 1626! Introduced long ago by Bojer into the gardens of Mauritius. VANGUERIA EMIRNENSIS, N. Sp. Arborea, inermis, ramulis pilosis, stipulis deltoideis laceratis, foliis petio- latis oblongis facie obscure dorso prasertim ad venas dense albido- pilosis, floribus in cymas densas terminales dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo eampanulato dentibus 5 parvis inequalibus deltoideis vel lanceolatis, corolle pilosa tubo cylindrico segmentis lanceolatis, staminibus ad corollæ faucem dense pilosam insertam, filamentis brevibus. A much-branched erect tree, with pilose terete branchlets. Stipules deltoid, persistent, deeply fimbriated. Leaves distinctly petioled, subacute or subobtuse, cuneate at the base, 13-3 in. long, deltoid at the base, membranous, nearly glabrescent above, densely pilose on the 7-S-jugate ascending main veins beneath. Flowers in copious dense nearly sessile terminal cymes; bracts minute; pedicels 0 or very short. Calyx 7 in. long, with a campanulate tube and 5 (rarely 6) minute lanceolate or deltoid teeth. Corolla 3 in. long, densely pilose on the outside, with 5 (rarely 6) small lanceolate teeth. Stamens inserted at the densely pilose throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments as long as FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 169 the oblong anthers. Fruit not scen.— Forests of Central Mada- gascar, Baron 1914! 2053! | HYMENOCNEMIS MADAGASCARIENSIS, Hook. Jil. This endemie genus, which was characterized for the first time by Sir J. D. Hooker in * Genera Plantarum’ from a single spe- cimen in an early stage, has been refound in many places by Dr. Parker and Mr. Baron : cf. the numbers of the latter collec- tion 366, 400, 1267, 1328, and 1350. 1t is a forest shrub 8 or 10 feet high with a small dark-blue berry; and as the fruit proves to be superior, it will have to be transferred from Rubiacew to the neighbourhood of Gaertaera in Loganiacee. PSYCHOTRIA TERNIFOLIA, n. sp. Arborea, glabra, foliis ternatis breviter petiolatis. obovato-oblongis acutis, stipulis deltoideis l-euspidatis, floribus in paniculas densas corym- bosas dispositis bracteis minutis pedicellis brevissimis, calycis tubo campa- nulato dentibus minutis, coroll: glabra tubo cylindrico segmentis quam tubus paulo brevioribus, antheris magnis linearibus ad corolle faucem pilosam sessilibus, fructu levi ovoideo. A shrub or tree, glabrous in all its parts, with slender terete smooth woody branchlets. Leaves three in a whorl, shortly petioled, 21-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, very acute, narrowed gra- dually from the middle to the base, moderately firm in texture, green on both surfaces, with distinct areuate ascending main veins. Flowers in dense terminal panicles with corymbose branches ; bracts minute; pedicels very short. Calyx with a campanulate tube and 5 minute teeth. Corolla } in. long, with 5 oblong-lanceolate segments rather shorter than the cylindrical tube. Anthers 5, about as long as the segments, ses soe at the densely hairy throat of the corolla-tube. Fruit ovoid, 1 in. long, 2-celled, the seeds not grooved.—Central Mada Baron 1955! We have above a dozen species of this genus from Central Madagasear, but only fully complete specimens of these two. Psycuorria (§ GRUMILEA) TRICHANTHA, n, sp. Arborea, ramulis dense breviter brunneo-pilosis, stipulis deltoideis, foliis oppositis breviter petiolatis obovatis obtusis minute cuspidatis facie glabris dorso pubescentibus, floribus corymboso-fasciculatis breviter pedi- cellatis, bracteis minutis caducis, calyeis tubo globoso segmentis minutis deltoideis, corollæ brunneo-pilos parvæ tubo cylindrico segmentis tubo æquilongis, staminibus ad corollze faucem insertis, fructu parvo orbiculari multisuleato. 170 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE A tree or shrub, with slender terete branchlets densely clothed with short dark-brown hairs. Stipules small, deltoid, persistent. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, broadly obtuse with a minute cusp, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, moderately firm in texture, dark green and glabrous above, finely brown-pubescent beneath especially on the distinct arcuate ascending parallel 8-10-jugate main veins. Flowers in small lax terminal panicles with corymbose branches, clothed with dense short brown hairs. Calyx lin. long. Corolla 4 in. long, densely clothed outside with brown hairs; tube as long as the segments, hairy also inside. Stamens shorter than the seg- ments, with short filaments and linear-oblong anthers. Fruit subglobose, 4. in. long, pilose, with 10 distinct vertical ribs, the two bony pyrenes deeply grooved both on back and face.—Cen- tral Madagascar, Baron! (not numbered). HYDROPHYLAX MADAGASCARIENSIS, Willd.; DO. Prod. iv. 576. H. foliis ad apices ramorum confertis ovato-lanceolatis, floribus solitariis terminalibus sessilibus, calycis tubo infundibulari dentibus deltoideis, corolla tubo subcylindrico, segmentis lanceolatis quam tubus brevioribus. A glabrous perennial, with a wide-trailing quadrangular stem, sending out tufts of root-fibres downwards and short erect simple or branched stems upwards from the nodes. Leaves spaced on the lower part, crowded in opposite pairs towards the tip of the branches, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4—4 in. long, connate with the stipules into a sheathing cup at the base. Flowers soli- tary, sessile in the axil of the top pair of leaves. Calyx minute, with an infundibuliform tube and 4 deltoid teeth. Corolla lilac, with a funnel-shaped tube } in. long and 4 lanceolate segments. Stamens 4, nearly sessile at the pilose throat of the corolla-tube anthers linear. Style slender, much exserted from the tube, shortly bifid. Fruit not seen.—East coast, close to the sea on the sandy shore, Baron 1395! Gathered also by Bojer in sandy ground in the interior in the province of Imerina. OTIOPHORA PAUCIFLORA, n. sp. Herbacea, perennis, caulibus pilosis, stipulis fimbriatis, foliis oppositis ovatis aeutis membranaceis glabris, floribus sessilibus terminalibus, calycis tubo piloso, dentibus inzequalibus 1-2 magnis foliaceis, corolla tubo elon- gato filiformi, segmentis lanceolatis quam tubus triplo brevioribus, stamini- bus coroll; segmentis zquilongis, stylo profunde bifido, fructu oblongo. A much-branched perennial herb, with slender pilose stems FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 171 sometimes 1-2 ft. long. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, 4-4 in. long, cuneate at the base, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Stipules each with about three setaceous cusps. Flowers 1-2, sessile in the axil of the whorl of leaves that termi- nates the branches. Calyx lin. long in the flowering-stage, with a small oblong tube, 3-4 minute teeth and 1-2 large leafy ones. Corolla-tube very slender, 1 in. long. Stamens 5, inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube; filaments filiform ; anthers linear- oblong. Fruit oblong, densely pilose, crowned by the persistent unequal ealyx-segments.— Central Madagascar, in dry soil in the province of Imerina, Lyall 305! Parker! Baron 414! 1118! 1009! a dwarf densely-tufted variety with leaves never above 1 in. long. Well marked from the only other species, O. scabra, Zucc., by the inflorescence and the shape of the leaves. ANTHOSPERMUM POLYACANTHUM, n. sp. Herbaceum, perenne, glabrum, dense cæspitosum, foliis sessilibus verti- cillatis lanceolatis aculeis retrorsis marginatis, floribus minutis sessilibus terminalibus, masculo ovario rudimentario bilobo limbo calycino nullo, corolle infundibularis segmentis oblongis quam tubus longioribus, sta- minibus segmentis zquilongis, filamentis elongatis, antheris minutis ob- longis, stylo profunde bifido. A perennial herb with the habit of a Galium, with densely tufted erect sharply 4-angled stems, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 4-5 in a whorl, sessile, lanceolate, spreading, 4 in. long, firm in texture, turning blackish when dried, margined by 5-6 strong hooked stramineous prickles on each side. Flowers sessile in the axil of the upper whorl of the leaves. Ovary in the sta- minate flower minute, 2-lobed, emarginate, without any distinct ealyx-limb. Corolla 2 in. long, with a short funnel-shaped tube and 4 oblong ascending segments twice as long as the tube and hispid at the tip outside. Stamens as long as the corolla-seg- ments ; filament long, slender; anthers minute, oblong.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1849 ! ANTHOSPERMUM THYMOIDES, n. Sp. Herbaceum, perenne, dense caspitosum, caulibus gracillimis puberulis, stipulis deltoideis, foliis sessilibus verticillatis oblanceolatis, floribus mo- noicis ad axillas foliorum sessilibus, ovario bilobo, limbo calycino subnullo, staminiferis corollæ tubo infundibulari, segmentis lanceolatis tubo æqui- longis, staminibus segmentis aquilongis. A. densely tufted perennial herb, with very slender ascending 172 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE much-branched puberulent stems a foot long. Stipules minute, deltoid. Leaves 5-6 in a whorl, often with suppressed branches in their axils, sessile, oblanceolate, acute, l-nerved, 4 in. long, without prickles on the margin. Flowers several, sessile in the axils of the upper whorls. Female flower with a globose glabrous 2-lobed ovary. Male flower with a corolla j' iu. long, with four lanceolate segments equalling in length the funnel-shaped tube and 4 stamens as long as the segments with filiform fila- ments and cream-coloured versatile linear-oblong anthers. — Central Madagascar, Baron 2005! VERNONIA SPARSIFLORA, N. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis dense brunneo-pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis late oblongis cuspidatis obscure denticulatis subcoriaceis pubescentibus, capt- tulis 1-2-floris in corymbos terminales densissime aggregatis pedicellis nullis, involucri oblongi bracteis circiter 15 brunneis rigidis acutis caducis parce pilosis, pappi albi setis rigidulis conformibus. A shrub, with terete woody branchlets, densely coated with short brown pubescence. Leaves distinctly petioled, 4-5 in. long, 22-3 in. broad at the middle, distinctly euspidate, rounded or deltoid at the base, very minutely and remotely denticulate, scabrous with minute hairs on the upper surface, clothed all over with short brown pubescence beneath. Capitula very numerous, aggregated in peduncled terminal corymbose panicles with capi- tate branches. Involuere oblong, 3 in. long, composed of about 15 rigid acute bracts, the inner ones lanceolate, the outer minute and ovate, hairy mainly on the margin. Achene glabrous, only seen immature. Pappus lin. long, composed of numerous uni- form white bristles.—Central Madagascar, Baron! VERNONIA DELAPSA, D. Sp. Fruticosa, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis oblongis acutis den- ticulatis subcoriaceis glabris, capitulis trifloris laxe corymbosis breviter pedicellatis, involueri campanulati bracteis triseriatis adpressis caducis glabris brunneis rigidulis subobtusis, pappi setis albis hispidis ciliatis ex- terioribus parvis linearibus. A shrub, with slender terete woody shortly pubescent branch- lets. Leaves shortly petioled, 11-2 in. long, acute, deltoid or rather rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, minutely denticulate, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Capitula in an ample ter- minal panicle, with corymbose pilose branches, crowded, shortly- stalked. Involucre campanulate, 1 in. long; bracts 2-4-seriate; FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 178 glabrous, adpressed; inner lanceolate, subobtuse, caducous ; many outer very smal], ovate. Pappus of very numerous white bristles 4 in. long, with a row of minute linear ones on the out- side.—Central Madagascar, Baron! VERNONIA QUADRIFLORA, n. sp. Fruticosa, glaberrima, foliis obscure petiolatis obovato-oblongis acutis serrulatis nitidis rigidulis utrinque viridibus glabris, capitulis parvis J-4-floris densissime corymboso-paniculatis pedicellis brevissimis, invo- lueri campanulati bracteis 2-3-seriatis imbricatis rigidulis obtusis glabris, floribus rubellis, achenio glabro tereti, pappi setis permultis albis flexuosis ciliatis. A much-branched shrub, glabrous in all its parts, with slender woody branchlets, closely leafy up to the top. Leaves alternate, scarcely petioled, 14-2 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, inciso-crenate, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces, thin but firm in texture. Capitula very numerous, arranged in dense level-topped terminal panicles. Involuere campanulate, } in. long and broad, the bracts rigid in texture, regularly imbricated, caducous, the inner lincar-oblong, the outer small, oblong. Corolla pale red, 4 in. long, with large lanceolate segments. Achene terete, distinctly costate, yz in. long. Pappus 4 in. long, of very numerous white persistent flexuose ciliated bristles.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1679! VrnxNONIA BARONI, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis breviter pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis oblongis sub- acutis serratis subcoriaceis facie scabris dorso pubescentibus, capitulis 4-floris sessilibus dense corymbosis, involucri oblongi bracteis rigidis multiseriatis acutis pubescentibus, pappi setis multis ciliatis albis, exterio- ribus parvis subulatis. A shrub, with slender woody branchlets, clothed with short pubescence. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, 2-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, distinctly serrated, deltoid and entire at the base, subcoriaceous, green and scabrous on the upper surface, matted all over with thin pubescence beneath, the erecto-patent parallel main veins connected by distinct arches near the margin. Ca- pitula very numerous, sessile, in densely crowded peduncled corymbs. Involucre obiong, } in. long, the very numerous rigid bracts regularly imbricated in many rows, dull brown, slightly pilose, the inner soon caducous. Achene glabrous, not seen fully mature. Pappus jin. long, of very numerous white ciliated 174 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE bristles, the outer like the others but much shorter.— Central Madagascar, Baron! VERNONIA DISSOLUTA, N. Sp. Arborea, ramulis dense breviter brunneo-pilosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis denticulatis acutis subcoriaceis facie viridibus scabms dorso venulosis brunneo-pilosis, capitulis parvis 4—5-floris densissime corymboso-panicu- latis pedicellis brevissimis, involucri campanulati bracteis 3-4-seriatis rigidulis acutis facile caducis, floribus albidis, achenio glabro, pappi setis albis flexuosis ciliatis. A. tree, with slender terete woody branchlets densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Petiole under an inch long; blade 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, acute or subobtuse,' distantly denticulate, rounded at the base, dark green and rough with small raised points on the upper surface, shortly pilose with the veins and veinlets raised beneath. Heads very numerous, in dense ter- minal corymbose panicles. Involuere 4 in. long and broad, soon falling to pieces; bracts acute, firm in texture, brownish, pilose, the outer gradually smaller. Achene glabrous, jin.long. Pappus i in. long, of numerous pure white flexuose bristles.— Central o? Madagascar, Baron 1693! VERNONIA LYALLII, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramosissima, ramulis albo-incanis, foliis brevissime petiolatis obovato-oblongis integris obtusis coriaceis facie viridibus glabris dorso persistenter albo-incanis, capitulis parvis 6-8-floris dense corymboso- paniculatis brevissime pedicellatis, involucri campanulati bracteis rigidulis obtusis parce pilosis 3—4-seriatis exterioribus sensim brevioribus, achenio piloso, pappi setis albidis rigidulis ciliatis. A much-branched shrub, with slender conspicuously sulcate branchlets, closely leafy up to the top. Leaves shortly petioled, 2-3 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, bright green and glabrous on the upper surface, matted beneath with thin persistent whitish tomentum. Capitula very numerous, in dense level-topped terminal panicles with very short pedicels. Involuere 4 in. long and broad, the bracts rigid in texture, greenish-brown with bright red tips, the inner ones linear-oblong, the outer oblong. Corolla red, 4 in. long. Achene seen only immature. Pappus lin. long, of very numerous whitish flexuose ciliated bristles. Central Madagascar, in forests of the province of Imerina, Baron 1311! Lyall 74! FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 175 VERNONIA APOCYNIFOLIA, n. sp. Fruticosa, volubilis, ramulis gracilibus albo-incanis, foliis petiolatis ob- longis subacutis parce dentatis subcoriaceis utrinque viridibus glabris, capitulis 15-floris parvis copiose spicato-paniculatis, involucri campanulati bracteis biseriatis lineari-oblongis subacutis rigidulis zequilongis tenuiter albo-incanis, floribus pallidis, achenio glabro, pappi setis albidis flexuosis ciliatis. A woody climber with the habit of a scandent Mikania or Microglossa, with slender stems, thinly clothed with white cottony tomentum. Petiole under an inch long; blade 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad at the middle, rounded or subdeltoid at the base, distantly toothed or subentire, subcoriaceous in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Heads in lax terminal and axil- lary oblong-deltoid panicles, with numerous ascending spicato- corymbose branches, specially crowded towards their tip ; pedicels none. Involucre 2 in. long and broad; bracts few, blackish, sub- acute, thinly coated with white cottony tomentum. Achene only seen in a young state. Corolla å in. long, with very short teeth. Pappus as long as the corolla, of very numerous white flexuose bristles.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1698! VERNONIA (§ TEPHRODES) ARGUTA, n. Sp. Herbacea, perennis, caule gracili simplici hispidulo, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis argute serratis utrinque viridibus obscure hispidulis, capitulis parvis 15-20-floris laxe copiose corymboso-paniculatis, pedicellis elongatis, involucri campanulati bracteis biseriatis adpressis glabris rigi- dulis lanceolatis acutis, floribus rubellis, achenio obscure costato hispidulo, pappi setis albis exterioribus minutis lanceolatis interioribus elongatis fili- formibus flexuosis. An erect perennial herb, 2-3 feet high, with slender terete ob- scurely scabrous stems, unbranched below the panicle. Leaves distant, patent, distinctly petioled, moderately firm in texture, green and shortly distantly hispid on both surfaces, the lower lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, under an inch broad, cuneate av the base, the upper deltoid. Capitula numerous, arranged in a very lax terminal panicle, with corymbose branches and long pedicels. Involucre 1 in. long and broad; bracts greenish-brown, subrigid, acuminate, adpressed, distinctly biseriate. Corolla bright red- purple. Achene terete, 4 line long. Pappus pure white, § in. long; outer row of sete minute; inner uniform, flexuose, per- sistent, ciliated. Between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1553! A near ally of the well-known F. cinerea, Lessing. LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XX. o 176 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE VERNONIA APHANANTHA, 0. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis breviter pilosis, foliis sessilibus oblanceolatis acutis dentieulatis utrinque viridibus breviter pilosis, capitulis parvis multifloris dense corymbosis, involucri campanulati bracteis rigidulis 3-4-seriatis ad- pressis viridibus apice rubellis pilosis exterioribus sensim brevioribus, achenio glabro, pappi setis albidis flexuosis ciliatis. A shrub, with slender woody branchlets, densely coated with short brown hairs. Leaves crowded, sessile, 2-8 in. long, about 4 in. broad, subentire or sparsely denticulate, moderately firm in texture, green and rough with dense short hairs on both surfaces, the side veins connected by arching veinlets within the margin. Heads in small dense terminal corymbs with very short pedicels, containing each 20-30 flowers. Involuere } in. long and broad, the bracts firm in texture, densely pilose, green on the back, bright red at the tip, the outer gradually shorter. Achene only seen immature. Pappus 4 in. long, of numerous whitish flexuose ciliated bristles.—Between Tankay and the east coast, Baron 1552! VERNONIA LEUCOPHYLLA, D. Sp. Fruticosa, ramulis albo-incanis, foliis petiolatis oblanceolato-oblongis obtusis subintegris rigide subcoriaceis facie viridibus subglabris dorso per- sistenter albo-incanis, capitulis parvis multifloris dense copiose corym- boso-paniculatis pedicellis brevibus albo-incanis, involucri campanulatt bracteis J—4-seriatis obtusis brunneis apice glabris dorso albo-incanis ex- terioribus sensim brevioribus, floribus pallidis, achenio glabro, pappi setis albidis flexuosis ciliatis, A shrub, with woody branchlets coated with white tomentum. Leaves 2-8 in. long, under an inch broad, subcoriaceous, obtuse, dark green and nearly glabrous above when mature, coated with thin persistent white tomentum beneath, narrowed gradually from the middle to the short petiole. Heads very numerous, arranged in level-topped terminal panicles, with short pedicels coated with white tomentum. Involuere under 4 in. in diam., 1} in. long; inner bracts oblong, obtuse, brown and subscariose in the upper half; outer ones gradually shorter, matted with white tomentum on back. Flowers about 20 in a head. Achene under a line long, finally glabrous. Corolla } in. long, with very short teeth. Pappus es long as the corolla, of numerous whitish persistent ciliated bristles.— Central Madagascar, Baron 2104! TLORA OF MADAGASCAR. DT VERNONIA PIPTOCARPHOIDES, n. Sp. Arborea, ramulis angulatis dense albido-incanis, foliis petiolatis oblongis integris subcoriaceis obtusis facie viridibus glabris dorso dense persistenter albido-incanis, capitulis multifloris in cymas densas axillares aggregatis, pedicellis nullis vel brevissimis, involucri infundibularis bracteis multi- seriatis regulariter imbricatis rigidis brunneis lanceolatis acutis, achenio scabro, pappi setis permultis albidis conformibus flexuosis fragilibus. A much-branched shrub, with angled branchlets, densely coated with lepidote whitish persistent tomentum. Leaves crowded up to the top of the branchlets; petiole about 4 in. long; blade 2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, rounded at both ends, quite entire, firm in texture, green and glabrous above, densely coated beneath with tomentum like that of the branchlets, the ascending parallel raised main veins distinct nearly to the edge. Capitula several, in congested axillary cymes. JInvolucre j in. long, the brown rigid glabrous acute multiseriate bracts regularly imbricated. Corolla brownish-white, cylindrical, l in. long. Achenia terete, scabrous. Pappus j in. long, of 50 or more fine fragile whitish sete.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1918! I have also seen a specimen of this in the Berlin herbarium under the name of Moquinia adenocarpa, Schultz Bip., gathered by Bernier. VERNONIA MOQUINIOIDES, n. Sp. Fruticosa, ramulis albo-incanis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis vel lanceolatis subacutis integris facie viridibus glabris dorso albo-incanis, capitulis multifloris dense corymbosis pedicellis brevissimis, involucri campanulati bracteis multiseriatis rigidis subacutis adpressis tomentosis, pappi setis albidis hispidis exterioribus subulatis brevioribus. A much-branched shrub, 3-6 feet high, with woody branchlets, eoated with thin persistent whitish tomentum. Leaves very shortly petioled, oblong or lanceolate, 14-2 in. long, 1-1 in. broad at the middle, entire, subacute, deltoid at the base, coriaceous, bright green and glabrous above, persistently matted with white tomentum beneath, triplinerved. Capitula in dense peduncled terminal corymbs, on very short pedicels. Involucre campanulate, 2 in. in diam., lin. long; bracts 3-4-seriate, adpressed, densely tomentose. Corolla 4 in. long, rather pilose, with 5 lanceolate teeth. Pappus of numerous brownish-white ciliated bristles 1-1in. long, the outer ones much shorter than the inner.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1742! Herb. Blackburn! Between Anta- nanarivo and Tamatave, on clay soil, alt. 3000 feet, Dr. Meller! 02 178 MR. J. G. BAKER ON THE VERNONIA PACHYCLADA, n. Sp. Arborea, ramulis crassis dense brunneo-pilosis, foliis magnis petiolatis oblongis subacutis argute serratis subcoriaceis utrinque viridibus facie ob- scure dorso dense brunneo-pilosis, capitulis multifloris magnitudine medio- cribus copiose corymboso-paniculatis, involueri campanulati bracteis 3-4- seriatis lanceolatis acutis brunneis dense pilosis, floribus pallidis, achenio glabro 10-costato glanduloso, pappi setis permultis albis flexuosis ciliatis. A tree, with stout very thick straight woody branchlets densely clothed with brown silky hairs. Petiole 1-14 in. long, densely pilose; blade 4-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad at the middle, broadly rounded at the base, moderately firm in texture, rough with very short obscure hairs above, densely clothed with fine short brown hairs beneath, the arching 8-10-jugate main veins raised and parallel. Heads in a close terminal corymbose panicle 3 ft. long and broad, with densely pilose branches; pedicels sometimes an inch long. Involuere 4 in. in diam., 4 in. long, the bracts acute, adpressed, densely clothed with brown silky hairs, the outer gra- dually shorter. Achene jin. long, drab, with 10 equal ribs. Pappus pure white, } in. long, of very numerous pure white bristles.—Central Madagascar, Baron! Allied to V. arborea and tanalensis. VERNONIA BRACHYSCYPHA, D. Sp. Arborea, ramulis brunneo-pilosis, foliis magnis petiolatis obovato- oblongis subacutis serratis membranaceis facie scabrulis dorso tenuiter brunneo-pilosis utrinque viridibus, capitulis multifloris magnitudine mediocribus laxe corymboso-paniculatis pedicellis elongatis, involucri late campanulati bracteis 3—4-seriatis adpressis acutis brunneis pilosis exteri- oribus sensim brevioribus, floribus pallidis quam involucrum triplo longio- ribus, achenio glabro, pappi setis albis flexuosis ciliatis. A tree, with terete woody branches densely clothed with short bright brown hairs. Petiole 1-12 in. long; blade 6-8 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, thin in texture, dark green above and rough with minute raised points, finely pilose beneath. Heads in lax corymbose terminal panicles, with densely pilose slender pedicels which are some- times an inch long. Flowers 50 or more in a head. Involucre 3 in. broad, } in. long; bracts membranous, acute, densely pilose, the outer gradually smaller. Achene glabrous, 4-angled, j in. long. Pappus iin. long, of numerous pure white flexuose bristles.— Central Madagascar, Baron 1694! Group of V. arborea and V. tanalensis. FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 179 VERNONIA FUSCO-PILOSA, n. sp. Arborea, ramulis fusco-pilosis, foliis petiolatis oblanceolato-oblongis acutis serrulatis utrinque viridibus tenuiter pilosis, capitulis multifloris laxe corymbosis pedicellis elongatis, involucri campanulati bracteis 3—4-seriatis acutis adpressis fusco-pilosis, pappi aristis multis hispidis ciliatis albis paucis exterioribus parvis. A tree 30-40 feet high, with woody branchlets densely clothed with fine short brown hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, reaching a length of 5-6 inches and a breadth of 2-22 in. above the middle, acute, distinctly serrated, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, membranous, dark green and finely pubescent on both surfaces. Capitula in lax peduncled corymbs about as long as the leaves; pedicels 3-1 in. long, like the peduncles densely clothed with short brown hairs. Involucre campanulate, 4 in. in diam., 1 in. long; bracts 3-seriate, membranous, adpressed, regularly imbricated, densely pubescent, inner lanceolate, outer small ovate. Achene glabrous, only seen immature. Pappus & in. long, of very numerous white ciliated bristles, the outer ones like the others, but much shorter.—Central Madagascar, Baron 1232! Forest of Andrangaloaka, Dr. Parker! VERNONIA ($ DrsrTEPHANUS) OCHROLEUCA, n. sp. Fruticosa, ramulis dense albo-tomentosis, foliis parvis ovatis sessilibus obtusis subcoriaceis integris triplinerviis utrinque tenuiter incanis, capi- tulis terminalibus multifloris magnitudine mediocribus corymbosis, invo- lucri late campanulati bracteis permultis subzquilongis linearibus acutis dense albo-tomentosis, floribus luteis, achenio dense albo-sericeo, pappi rubeili setis rigidulis ciliatis. A small erect shrub, with a cluster of the short branchlets of the year at the end of the leafless woody branches of the previous season. Leaves sessile, subcoriaceous, quite entire, an inch long, triplinerved above the base, dull green and thinly eoated with whitish tomentum above, more densely so beneath. Capitula few, in dense terminal corymbs with densely pilose branches. Involuere 4 inch broad, not more than 4 in. long, composed of numerous subequal acute bracts densely matted with white tomentum. Flowers 100 or more in a head, yellow, with lan- ceolate teeth. Pappus 4 in. long, bright red, persistent, flexuose. Achene densely clothed with white silky hairs.—Central Mada- gascar, Baron 1831!