MONOGRAPH OF ROSES.

S. Gosnell, Printer, Little Queen Street, London.

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~ROSARUM MONOGRAPHIA

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OR,

A Botanteal History

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ROSES.

TO WHICH IS ADDED,

An Appendtr,
FOR THE USE OF CULTIVATORS,

IN WHICH THE MOST REMARKABLE GARDEN VARIETIES ARE
SYSTEMATICALLY -ARRANGED.

WITH NINETEEN PLATES.
ee ance

BY JOHN LINDLEY, F.L.S.

E guadagnar, 5¢ si potra, quel done,
Che stato detto n’e, che Rose sono. Berni.

———n OOS
London:

PRINTED FOR JAMES RIDGWAY, 169, PICCADILLY.
1820.

Ho, Bot. Garden

TO
CHARLES -LYELL, ES Q.
OF KINNORDY, NORTH BRITAIN,
THE FOLLOWING
MONOGRAPH OF ROSES,

WHICH IS MUCH INDEBTED TO HIS LIBERALITY
AND

TO HIS INTIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS,
IS INSCRIBED,
WITH SINCERE ESTEEM,

BY
HIS MUCH OBLIGED
AND

VERY GRATEFUL FRIEND,

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

Ir is necessary, before I enter upon the imme-
diate subject of the following pages, to give
some explanation of the reasons which have in-
duced me to intrude upon the attention of the
public. Not because every one does so, but be-
cause a fresh attempt to accomplish what has
repeatedly and recently failed in the hands of far
more experienced botanists than myself, would
without it appear, to say the least of it, pre-
sumptuous.

Although the number of publications on the
present subject is already too considerable, and
their authors, in many instances, men of esta-
blished reputation; yet nothing is more notorious
than the almost inextricable confusion in which
Roses are to this day involved. This however
may perhaps be in some measure explained by a
careful examination of the principal works, and
of the circumstances under which they have
been severally composed.

Some of them are mere masses of figures,
and those frequently not of the best kind, with-
out any scientific pretensions, either to arrange-
ment, or correctness of delineation. In other

Vill PREFACE.

instances the examination of species has been
partial, comprehending such only as are found in
certain districts; the consideration of foreign
Roses being altogether omitted. I may also
venture to assert that whenever the study of
extra European Roses has been combined with
that of those peculiar to our own quarter of the
globe, the ideas of their discriminative characters
have never resulted from an intimate knowledge
of the genus in a living state. On the contrary,
incomplete notions have been formed of it from
dried specimens only, which, in the present in-
stance, are far from being of their ordinary im-
portance. To this, in some measure, is to be at-
tributed a disposition to increase the number of
species beyond their natural limits, which has
been no unfruitful source of error and confusion.
The necessity then of a Monograph of Roses not
composed under these disadvantages will scarcely
be disputed.

A considerable private collection of living
plants has occupied my attention for several
years ; and if to this be added the unlimited ac-
cess to every thing in this country, at all con-
nected with my design, which I am proud to say,
has been conceded to me on every side in the
most gratifying manner, my materials may fairly
be considered to deserve some attention, if not
the manner in which they have been employed.

The plan I have pursued is too obvious to re-

PREFACE. ix

quire much explanation. As the synonymy is
one of the most difficult and perhaps important
parts of the subject, it has of course received
particular attention. But I have rarely been
very anxious about the synonyms of botanists of
an earlier date than the time of Linnzus, on ac-
count of the extreme uncertainty of the precise
plants which they intended. The work might
have been extended to a much greater length,
had I not aimed at avoiding to repeat what has
been previously said by others, except so far as
was necessary to make myself intelligible. In
marks and abbreviations the plan laid down by
M. De Candolle, in his excellent Regni vegeta-
bilis systema naturale has been my guide, but
with some slight deviations.

To the noble library and inexhaustible Bo-
tanical treasures of the Right Honourable Sir
JosepH Banxs, with that unexampled liberality
for which their illustrious possessor has been
ever celebrated, I have been allowed the freest
access. To these I am almost entirely indebted
for the numerous and highly interesting species,
either altogether new, or hitherto imperfectly
known, from the hotter countries of Asia, Africa,
and North America. The authentic specimens
preserved there from Jacquin, Pallas, and others,
with those of the Hortus Kewensis, have enabled
me to determine many of their synonyms with
precision. To the pee eee of Aylmer Bourke

x PREFACE.

Lambert, Esq. I am particularly indebted for the
liberty of examining his fine collection, contain-
ing, among other rarities, all that remains of
Pailas’s Roses, specimens from Colonel Hard-
wicke of the Attar tree of Ghizapore; fruit of
R. multiflora, and flowers of R. hystrix, all which
are in no other herbarium in this country. The
materials which have resulted from the experience
of twenty years’ perpetual observation of the most
extensive collection of cultivated Roses in the
world, have been submitted tc my examination
by Mr. Sabine their liberal proprietor. To Mr.
Lyell, whose knowledge of the subject is only
equalled by the readiness with which it is com-
municated, I am under the most extensive obliga-
tions. Nor must I omit to acknowledge the ma-
terial assistance I have received from my friend
Mr. Hooker, now Regius Professor of Botany in
the university of Glasgow, whose Roses collected
with the greatest care in Ireland, Switzerland and
the South of France, with those of his numerous
correspondents, have been placed in my hands.
By them many doubtful synonyms of continental
botanists have been ascertained. By the learned
President of the Linnean society I have been al-
lowed to examine the important herbarium of
Linneus, and his own, which is not less valu-
able. A multitude of other communications, too
numerous to be acknowledged individually, are
noticed in their proper places.

PREFACE. xi

With this mass of matter before me I have
naturally felt strongly interested in making the
attempt which is now produced. If I have in
some measure succeeded I shall have the satis-
faction of knowing that the way for whomsoever
may succeed me will be less impassable; if I
have not, Iam ready to throw myself on the in-
dulgence of those who are best aware of the dif-
ficulty of the subject.

Lonpon,
March S3ist, 1820.

INTRODUCTION.

A Genus more remarkable than the Rose could scarcely
have been selected for illustration from the whole
vegetable kingdom: on account of the lively interest
its beauty has excited in the minds of mankind from
the earliest ages of the world. To poets it is a mine
which all their ingenuity has been insufficient to ex-
haust. Volumes have been written upon its efficacy in
Medicine; and one of the most earnest defenders of
its powers has not hesitated to assure the world that
the Pharmacopeia should be formed of Roses alone.
It would be equally needless and tedious to mention all
the stories which have been told about them; or all the
customs to which they have given rise. But it would
scarcely be judicious to pass these things over without
any sort of notice.

As the emblem of youth, the Rose was dedicated
to Aurora; of love and beauty, to Venus; of danger
and fugacity, to Cupid. It was given by the latter as
a bribe to Harpocrates the god of silence; whence
perhaps originated the custom, of which we are told by
Rosenbergius, that obtained among the northern na-
tions of Europe, of suspending a Rose from the ceiling,
over the upper end of their tables, when it was intended
that what passed at their entertainments should be se-
cret, And this undoubtedly is the origin of the com-

x1v INTRODUCTION.

mon expression, “ Under the Rose.” The ancients tell
us that Roses originally were white ; but were changed
to red by the blood of Venus, when her feet were lace-
rated by their prickles in her attempt to protect Adonis
from the rage of Mars. Theocritus and Bion however
are of opinion that it was the blood of Adonis himself
that altered their colour. Another tale relates that
Cupid leading a dance in Heaven stumbled and overset
a bowl of nectar, which falling upon the earth stained
the Rose. Ausonius has made the Rose blush from the
blood of Cupid (Tighe. 47.) Busbequius informs us
that the Turks have a similar superstition upon the
subject, and believe that Roses originated from the
sweat of their prophet Mahomet. Nor has the inge-
nuity of monkish writers been at a loss to stamp
Roses in some measure with divinity, though in a dif-
ferent manner. Marulus tells a story of an holy virgin
named Dorothea, who suffered martyrdom in Ceesarea,
under the government of Fabricius; and who con-
verted to Christianity a scribe named Theophilus, by
sending him some Roses in the winter time out of Pa-
radise. A golden Rose was considered so honourable a
present, that none but crowned heads were thought
worthy either to give or to receive it. Roses of this
kind were sometimes consecrated by the Popes upon
Good Friday, and given to such potentates as it was
their particular interest or wish to load with favours;
the flower itself being an emblem of the mortality of
the body, and the metal of which it was composed of
the immortality of the soul. Boéthius says that Wil-
liam King of Scotland received a present of this sort
from Pope Alexander the third. And Henry the eighth
is recorded to have had a similar gift from Alexander

INTRODUCTION. KY

the sixth. The seal of the famous Luther, which is
well known to have been a Rose, may have been sym-
bolical of the same things as the golden presents of the
Popes. Roses were employed by the Roman emperors
as a means of conferring honours upon their most fa-
mous generals, whom they allowed to add a Rose to
the ornaments of their shields; a custom which conti-
nued long after the Roman empire had ceased to exist,
and the vestiges of which may yet be traced in the ar-
morial bearings of many of the ancient noble families
of Europe.

As objects of cultivation they have always been
eagerly sought after; and for the purpose of increasing
their beauty, every means of causing the flowers to
become double has been put in practice. Hence, in
process of time, has sprung the multitude of indivi-
duals now in every garden, whose beauty is only
equalled by the extreme difficulty of tracing them to
their original stock. But it is a mistake to suppose
that double Roses are of somewhat modern origin ;
since they are particularly mentioned by Herodotus,
Athenzeus, and Theophrastus; and more especially by
Pliny, who enumerates several sorts, among which is a
centifolia. It is remarkable that the latter should not
mention the Rose of Peestum, nor any growing in that
neighbourhood. This omission makes it impossible
even to guess at what was meant by the “ biferi Rosaria
Presti.” The only Rose Mr. Woods found about Pes-
tum was R, sempervirens.

The name Rose is derived by De Theis from the
Celtic rhodd or rhudd, signifying red, whence, he
thinks, have originated the synonimous names rhos in
Armorican, fod in Greek, and rosha in Sclavonian.

%.

KVi INTRODUCTION.

It is the only genus of Jussieu’s second section of
‘Rosacea#, and is distinguished from the succeeding
sections of that order, by its fleshy urceolate calyx,
and hairy, osseous pericarpia. From PomMacez there
is no absolute mark of distinction, except its solitary
suspended ovulum, and indefinite ovaria; for, however
sufficient the distinction may at first sight appear, be-
tween the fructus inferus of the latter and superus of
RosacE#, it is almost entirely removed by Crategus
glabra and arbutifolia; which differ essentially from
the genus to which they have been referred, in having
ovaritum semisuperum and in the ripe fruit the pericar-
pium almost entirely superior. With some unpublished
species these form a very distinct genus which I have
called Photinia.

Our knowledge of European Roses has become, by
the extraordinary attention they have received, so ex-
tensive that it is impossible to doubt that limits be-
tween what are called species do not exist. This was
strongly suspected by Linnzeus when he said, “ Species
limitibus difficillime circumscribuntur, et forte Natura
non eos posuit,” but he had no means of satisfying
himself. Gerard and others have asserted it; although
Haller and most succeeding botanists have disputed the
truth of the opinion. A partial, but satisfactory illus-
tration of it may be given, without extending the exa-
mination so far as to show every link which unites the
European species with each other. R. canina and spi-
nosissima may be considered to exhibit the extreme
differences in structure and appearance. Let us begin
with spinosissima. This is united with rubella through
the variety melanocarpa of the latter. Its variety p7-
losa connects it with R. involuta, which in a more vi-

INTRODUCTION. xvii

gorous state becomes R. Doniana of Woods, which is
the intermediate state between it and Sabini. This
passes into villosa through R. gracilis of Woods. By
a partial return to its original appearance, that is to
say, by again losing its hairs, but retaining its glands,
R. involuta becomes R. myriacanthas Another branch
from spinosissima is through rubella which passes into
alpina by the dwarf alpine variety of the latter. A
vigorous sort of spinosissima in two or three generations
might produce R. hibernica, and this may be traced
into Sabint without much difficulty. From R. Sabini
having lost its setae proceeds R. tomentosa, whose va-
riety mollis brings them together; and we are ac-
quainted with every gradation from tomentosa to ca-
nind.

Before we proceed to consider how far these cir-
cumstances may be allowed to affect the arrangement
of the genus, it may be worth while to consider what
is, or ought to be, understood by a species. Cuvier
tells us it is ‘the union of individuals descended from
each other, or from common parents, and of those
which resemble them as much as they resemble each
other.” (Regne Animal 1. 19.) De Candolle defines a
species to be “ the assemblage of all the individuals
which resemble each other more than they resemble
others; which can, by reciprocal foecundation, pro-
duce fertile individuals ; and which reproduce them-
selves, by generation, in such a manner that they may
all by analogy be supposed to have descended originally
from a single individual.” (Theorie ed. 2. 193.) Now
if these definitions, which are purely hypothetical, be
the test by which a species is to be tried before it is ad-
mitted as such, it results, from the illustrations I have

c

xviii INTRODUCTION.

given, that all the European portion of the genus must
be huddled together under one specific title; a measure,
the absurdity of which is sufficiently obvious, because
to adopt it would be only disputing about terms, since
it would then be necessary to distinguish certain modi-
fications ; and it is immaterial whether these be termed
species or varieties. For why do we distinguish species
among genera? except as the means of giving precision
to our ideas, and consequently correctness to our lan-
guage; by indicating certain modifications of structure
considered to be of inferior importance to those which
distinguish genera, and whose supposed limits are de-
fined by what is called a specific character. By species
then I wish to be understood here to mean, an assem-
blage of individuals, differing in particular respects
from the rest of the genus, but having more points of
affinity among themselves than with others; their
union being therefore natural.

But if, as I have attempted to abel there are no
limits to the species, it is impossible to give them ri-
gorous definitions ; and with a firm conviction of the
truth of this, have I set about a revision of the genus.
Upon these principles I have proceeded throughout.

On commencing an examination of the causes
-whence so much confusion has arisen, I was presently
assured that no inconsiderable part of the difficulty
might be removed by ceasing to insist on the trifling
distinctions upon which a number of botanists have
recently established their species. For it is evident
that where only a few tolerably tangible characters are
to be obtained, no course is so certain to destroy their
importance as that of frittering them away till they
become confounded with one another, Nor is it suffi-

INTRODUCTION. xix

cient to constitute a species, that it can be distin-
guished, perhaps readily, by the experienced eye of a
cultivator, from all other Roses; for if this were the
case, most of the numerous varieties of the Apple, the
Pear and the Plum which the practised gardener finds
no difficulty in recognising, would have an equally
just claim to specific distinction. A second source of
confusion originated with Linnzus himself, when he
divided the species into two divisions, distinguishing
them by their ovate and round fruit. A more variable
character than this could scarcely have been fixed upon,
and yet it has been adopted with a few exceptions, by
_ the greater part of his followers. In some instances
attempts have been made to alter this arrangement;
but as the plans proposed instead have been scarcely
better than Linnzeus’s, they have met with little atten-
tion. So that in the most recent complete account of
the genus which has hitherto appeared, from the pen
of Sir James Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia, the old
mode of division is adhered to.

Mr. Woods was the first who effectually broke
through the prejudices in favour of this; and in an ex-
cellent memoir on the Roses of Great Britain, arranged
and defined them according to a method of his own.
However much we may be at variance about the limits
of species, there can be little or no difference of opi-
nion between us respecting his primary divisions, be-
cause ‘they are natural. Many important characters
were first noticed by him; among which the distinc-
tion between setze and prickles more particularly de-
serves to be noticed. It is with pleasure that I ac-
knowledge the advantages I have derived from this
method. And to show the great importance I attach

c2

xx INTRODUCTION.

to it, I have taken it as the basis of my own. It is
true that the additions and alterations I have found it
necessary to make, have been considerable, but they
are such as Mr. Woods himself would probably have
resorted to, had exotic specimens entered into his plan.
His divisions however are confessedly made without
reference to any but British Roses, and so far his ar-
rangement is defective. In 1816, a year after Mr.
Woods’s paper was read before the Linnean society,
Dr. Ambrosio Rau published his “ Enumeration of the
Roses growing about Wurtzburg,” arranged according
to anew method. The remarks attached to the species
are useful and accurate, but the manner in which they
are disposed is defective. It however deserves atten-
tion for the care which the subject has evidently re-
ceived from the author. These two are the only at-
tempts to form a new arrangement of Roses which it
is necessary to notice. In both, the species are too
much multiplied, and consequently their characters are
sometimes unsatisfactory.

In the following disposition one of my principal ob-
jects has been to make it natural. To effect this it was
necessary to become acquainted with all the species, and
then to submit them individually to careful analysis ;
which enabled me to ascertain how far general exter-
nal resemblance and structure go together. Of such
characters which combined the species best, I selected
the most remarkable. Whether this has been done
with judgment it is for others to decide. I may how-
ever take the opportunity of expressing my conviction
that no one can understand Roses, unless well ac-
quainted with them in a living state. That this incon-
venience, which is undoubtedly great, may be in some

INTRODUCTION. XAl

measure obviated, I propose to offer a series of observa-
tions on the respective permanence or disposition to
vary, of the modifications of each particular organ.

The habit of Roses, although not often of moment,
may sometimes be employed with advantage, when its
differences are caused by the manner in which the
rootshoots grow. ‘Their being bent like a bow distin-
guishes Canine and Rubiginose from Villose; in
which they are quite erect. The flagelliform shoots of
arvensis prevent its being confounded with systyla; and
their being climbing separates sempervirens from pro-
strata. Yet cinnamomea contains two plants, of which
one has straight and the other curved rootshoots ; and
the same remark is applicable to tomentosa.

I have found it necessary to make a distinction
between branches and branchlets, understanding by the
latter term the lateral shoots which are produced in the
same season as those from which they spring. Thus
R. lutescens is readily known from spinosissima by the
dense prickles of its branches, and the mere roughness
of its branchlets. In R. /axva the latter are unarmed ;
in lucida, furnished with infrastipulary prickles. R.
rubella is armed as far as its extremities; in the most
nearly allied species, R. stricta, the branchlets are
almost naked. R. hystrix has the latter covered all
over with little rigid setee, while its branches are abso-
lutely free from them.

Arms is a term used to express the presence of
sete and prickles mixed indiscriminately.

Sete are little straight aculei tipped with a gland.
They are known from real glands by their rigidity,
greater length and tendency to pass into prickles.
They exist at some period I believe in all species upon

XXil INTRODUCTION.

the rootshoots, where they are quickly changed into
aculei by losing their gland. In general they are de-
ciduous after the first year. On their presence on the
branches depend some of my most natural divisions.
Spinosissime are divided from Canine by that character
among others. Turbinata is essentially different from
its nearest allies in the want of them. R. hystria is
easily known from the rest of its division by their pre-
sence on its branchlets. ‘They cause nevertheless some
unaccountable anomalies. R. canina produces them
now and then, in a division where they are not other-
wise found. Such a disposition also exists in R. arven-
sis hybrida; nor is R. rubiginosa by any means free
from them. These however ought to be considered
unimportant exceptions, which cannot materially af-
fect the general utility of setze in characterizing species.
It is remarkable that an organ, which on the branches
is of so much value, should be of all others the most
variable on the fruit and peduncle. R. rubiginosa and
tomentosa produce setigerous and naked fruit ; in some
instances indiscriminately on the same bush. R. ca-
nina is not unfrequently furnished with setz on its
peduncle, rarely on the fruit. Spinosissima, carolina
and others, are equally disposed to vary with setige-
rous and naked flowerstalks and calyx. Yet there are
species which are not subject to such inconstancy in
the surface of their fruit. For instance R. involuta,
Sabini, villosa, levigata, sinica, &c. have never been
seen without setigerous heps.

By the form of the prickles Canine are tolerably
distinguished from Villose; and their inequality di-
vides Rubiginose from the former. Their presence or
absence on the petioles is much too variable to be em-

INTRODUCTION. xx

ployed at any time. Where their situation is infrasti-
pulary, asin the greater part of Cinnamomee, they pre-
sent an important character: but one of which we can
judge only from a living plant; because most species
with scattered prickles occasionally produce specimens
in which they are placed beneath the stipule. The
fruit of a few kinds is prickly and as it seems con-
stantly so.

Glands, which are perhaps better distinguished
from setz by their scent than any thing else, are for
the most part attached to the leaves on the under sur-
face. They are employed to divide Rubiginose from
Canine, myriacantha from spinosissima ; and, among
other things, Brunoniit from moschata. R. pulverulenta
is the only Rose having them on the upper surface of
the leaves. The curious substance known by the name
of moss, which makes its appearance on centifolia and
rubiginosa, may be considered glands under another
form.

Pubescence on the branches, peduncles, or tube of
the calyx is the only invariable character I have disco-
vered in Roses. Distinctions drawn from it I have
every reason to consider absolute. It is either persis-
tent or deciduous. When persistent it becomes an im-
portant criterion of a section, and characterizes Sim-
plicifolia, Feroces, and Bracteate; the two latter divi-
sions being formed by its absence from the fruit of the
former. When it is deciduous it becomes of specific
importance only; in that state it distinguishes R. abys-
sinica from sempervirens, glutinosa from rubiginosa,
and contributes to the separation of microcarpa from
Banksice. Just the reverse is the case with pubescence
upon the leaves. There it is usually of no consequence

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

whatever. It is true that in some instances I have
continued to employ it; but rarely otherwise than as a
secondary character. Under any circumstances it is
to be suspected. I have seen canina with hairy and
smooth leaves on the same plant. In that species and
tomentosa there is every gradation from perfect nudity
to the most dense pubescence. R. carolina has hairy
or smooth leaves; so have spinosissima, semperflorens,
arvensis and many others. Yet I never met with hairy
leaves on R. fraxinifolia nor naked ones on cinna-
momea.

The Stipule proceed from each side of the petiole
at its base, to which they always have some degree of
adherence. Certain species, such as bracteata and in-
volucrata, and even canina occasionally, explain the
nature of these appendages by producing them in the
form of leaves, differing from the one to which they
are attached only in being smaller and less perfect.
Their modifications are not numerous, but when occur-
ring, extremely important. The section Banksiane is
chiefly characterized by their being subulate, nearly
distinct from the petiole, and deciduous, as in Peaches
and Nectarines. The pectinate stipules of multiflora
neatly distinguish it from those in its vicinity. They
are narrow in majalis; broad in cinnamomea; flat and
waved in lucida; convolute in carolina and Woodsii;
with a continuous direction in spinosissima, &c.; sud-
denly divaricate at the end in sulphurea. In berberi-
folia they become confluent to the exclusion of the
leaves, and, their function being altered, assume a
much more firm and rigid texture than is usual.

Leaves are always pinnate. Their density may
sometimes be employed; as in sempervirens, which

INTRODUCTION. XXV-

may be known from arvensis by that distinction among’
others. Their colour deserves attention if not owing
to pubescence. The glaucous hue of rubrifolia contri-
butes to distinguish it from canina, and laxa from lu-
cida. The shape of the leaflets, unless remarkable, can’
rarely be employed; ovate varies to oval; and orbicu-—
lar to ovate; lanceolate and retuse are the most con-
stant forms under which the leafletsappear. The latter '
shape would alone be suflicient to separate sericea from
the species near which it stands. Concavity is unim-
portant in most instances. Yet it is a remarkable fea-
‘ture in &, lutea, whose leaflets are hollowed like the
bowl of a spoon, and confirms the affinity of that spe-
cies to rubiginosa, in which the same peculiarity exists.
The rugosity of the leaflets will frequently furnish good.
specific characters. It distinguishes Villose from Ca.
nine, acicularis from the rest of its division, and cin-
namomea from majalis. The shining leaflets of feror
are very unlike the opaque ones of kamchatica. Single
and double serratures can only be made use of under
particular circumstances. Generally they are as vari-
able as any thing; there are states of canina which
would puzzle the most practised eye to decide whether
the leaflets were simply or doubly serrated. Myriacantha
is asserted by Mr. Woods to have double serratures: in
all my specimens they are simple. A plant of that va-
riety of rubiginosa which Mr. Woods has called Bor-
reri, one year produced all its leaves with simple ser-
ratures; and the next with compound ones. Yet I be-
lieve the double serratures of involuta will prevent its
being mistaken for spinosissima.

_ The inflorescence varies in different species from the
most, simple to the most compound form. It however

d

XXVL INTRODUCTION.

appears to be universally increased upon one plan. In
some sections the flowers are solitary, as in Pimpinelli-
folie, and may be known to be so by the absence of
bracteze, which are not produced till the flowers are
increased in number. When therefore these are pre-
sent, the flower, if apparently solitary, will be found to
have become so by the abortion of other lateral flowers.
The first approach to composition is by a flower with a
bractea at its base being produced on each side the
primordial one. When the inflorescence is again in-
creased it is by a similar addition of flowers on each
side of the secondary ones; so that those which were
lateral with respect to the primordial flower, become
central as regards those which spring from themselves ;
and so on. The inflorescence then must always be
considered to begin where the first central flower, which
blows the earliest and has the shortest stalk, appears ;
and therefore all ramifications without it, however
aphyllous they may be, must be considered as branch-
lets. Let, for instance, moschata be examined in its
most compound state. The mass of ramifications is
found to consist of alternate ramuli, usually furnished
with a leaf at their axille. Each of these throws forth
other alternate branchlets; the infra-axillary leaf being
perhaps reduced to a single pinna. These last are
again subdivided into fresh branchlets; and if this be
the ultimate stage of composition, as it usually is, each
branchlet is terminated by an ebracteate flower; and
there inflorescence must be considered to commence.
The primordial flower, as it expands the earliest, is
probably the most perfect; and should therefore be ex-
amined to ascertain the number of ovaria, which al-
though tolerably constant in it, are by no means so in

INTRODUCTION. xxvii

such flowers as are lateral; so that care must be taken
not to confound the latter when accidentally solitary in
bracteated species with the naturally central flower.

Distinctions drawn from the shape of the tube of
the calyx can in no instance be employed. All varie-
ties of form may be found in canina and tomentosa.

The shape of the sepals may sometimes be consi-
dered, but very rarely their degree of division. In
bracteata they are broad and short with a point. Ar-
vensis has them less elongated than they ordinarily are.
Their persistence. however must always be attended
to. It distinguishes Woodsit in some measure from
carolina; characterizes all the Pimpinellifolie; and
affords the principal diagnosis of Villose and Canine.
Their reflection contributes to divide damascena from
centifolia, and alba from some others. Their elongation
is a principal feature in rubrifolia ; and is frequently to
be attended to in distinguishing single specimens of
cinnamomea from certain states of tomentosa.

Petals seldom offer any remarkable differences. In
most species they are concave and spreading ; in invo-
luta they are turned inwards at the edge; in carolina
crumpled ; in Lawranceana pointed. |

Stamens vary only in number, and in this respect
they can rarely be employed, except among second-
ary characters. In rubrifolia and the rest of its divi-
sion they are very few, and in Bracteate exceedingly
numerous. Usually they remain adhering to the ori-
fice of the fruit till it is decayed; but in sempervirens,
moschata, semperflorens and some few others they drop
off nearly at the same time as the petals. The last
species may be distinguished from indica by this among
other things. They are commonly about four times as

d. 2

XXVii INTRODUCTION.

numerous as the ovaria; in spinosissima, reversa, in-
dica, &c. they are twice; in bracteata, acicularis, ferox,
&e. thrice; and in Lawranceana eight times as nume-
‘rous.

Ovaria may in some cases be usefully employed to
distinguish species; but for that purpose it is abso-
lutely necessary that they should be examined in the
primordial flower. Villose have from 30 to 40, in
which respect Rubiginose agree with them. Canine
have from 15 to 25 except in the case of caucasea, in
which they are from 50 to 60; and of Lawranceana,
where they are reduced to 7.

Styles by their exsertion and cohesion characterize
a section, of which the species are naturally allied.
There is one plant however (R. setigera) with this pe-
culiarity, which differs materially in other respects,
and having subulate stipulz stands in the division
Banksiane.

Fruit has been much relied upon as offering very
evident characters; and if these were constant none
could. be better. It however unfortunately happens
that few parts of the plant are more subject to varia-
tion, not only as to surface, but form and size. This
remark is particularly applicable to tomentosa, canina,
and rubiginosa, in which every diversity of form, &c.
may be found. Yet there are some species in which
it. appears to be much less polymorphous ; but whether
from our having less knowledge of them, or from the
absence of the predisposition to vary for which ca-
nina and its neighbours are so famous, I do not pre-
tend to be able to judge. Cinnamomew may be consi-
dered to offer examples of the greatest uniformity, and
Canine and Villose of the greatest diversity of fruit.

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

The species are all included between the 70th and
20th degrees of Northern latitude; except the R. Mon-
tezume of Mexico, found in 19° N. at an elevation of
more than 9300 feet above the level of the sea. But
Baron Humboldt has calculated that in tropical coun-
tries the decrement of caloric is one degree every 90
toises of vertical elevation; therefore the heat at this
height would be nearly the same as that of countries
29° further from the equator; so that its situation is
essentially the same as that of the principal European
parallel, to the species of which it is more nearly re-
lated than to those of its own continent.

In Asia half the species have been found. Of the
thirty-nine which it produces, eighteen are natives: of
the Russian dominions and the countries adjacent.
Most of these are very similar to the European portion
of the genus, and five are common both to Europe and
to Asia. Of the remainder, one, which is perhaps a
distinct genus, has been discovered in Persia, fifteen in
China, and two of the latter with four others in the
North of India; one of which has considerable affinity
to the R. moschata of Northern Africa. The Chinese
and Indian species have an habit entirely different from
the rest; but R. sericea and macrophylla of Gossam
Than exhibit in some measure the appearance of both.
It is from Asia, which may indeed be called “ the land
of the Rose,” that the greatest number of novelties are
to be expected. With the Roses of the Crimea we are
entirely unacquainted, and yet they are said to grow
there in the most astonishing profusion. Mr. Moor-
croft met with small rose-bushes at Niti, in latitude
30° 50’ N. just coming into leaf on the 9th of June;

Xxx INTRODUCTION.

and there is every reason to believe that China contains
very many undescribed species.

“Europe has twenty-five species: of which five sixths
exist between 40’ and 50°. The countries bounded by
these parallels must therefore be considered as forming
their principal range. To the south of this they de-
crease in number much more rapidly than to the north.
Britain, which lies just without its northern limits, has
ten species, Denmark seven, and Holland thirteen;
whilst in Spain, Portugal, and the Levant, which bear
nearly the same relation to it on the south, only four
species have been observed. Many are peculiar to cer-
tain districts, as reversa, myriacantha, hibernica, and
involuta ; others to countries, as the majalis of Sweden
and Denmark; and glutinosa of the Levant. Some
few are only confined by the extreme limits of the
genus; thus spinosissima is common to the dreary wilds
of Iceland and the sultry shores of the Mediterranean;
canina grows from the confines of Angermannia to the
most southern regions of Europe; thence extending
into Egypt.

. In the North of Africa are two species peculiar to
that country; and two others common to it and Eu-
rope. .
Fourteen species have been found in North Ame-
rica, none of which except R. Montezuma and stricta
have much general resemblance to European Roses.
It is not unworthy of notice that R. laevigata of the
woods of Georgia is so similar to the R. sinica of China
as not to be immediately distinguishable from it. The
latter is even sold in some of the London nurseries as’
an American Rose under the name of R. Cherokeensis.

ROSA.

Calycis tubus urceolatus carnosus achenia plarima hir-
suta includens. Receptaculum villosum.

SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM ET VARIETATUM.

Bie =

Diy. I. Simplicifolia. Folia simplicia exstipulata. (Receptacu- .
lum impube Pall.) Vel aphylla; stipulis confluentibus.

1. R. berberifolia.

Div. Il. Feroces. Rami tomento persistente vestiti. Fructus.

nudus.

2. R. ferox, armis confertissimis inzequalibus con-
formibus.
R. rugosa, armis ae subeequalibus, pe-
dunculo aculeato. Tab. 1

4. R. kamchatica, aculeis napa falcatis ma-
joribus, foliis opacis

Div. THI. Bracteate. Rami fructusque tomento persistente ves-

5. R. involucrata, foliolis lanceolato-ellipticis infra to-
mentosis, bracteis contiguis pectinatis.

7. R. bracteata, foliolis “seta obtusis glaberrimis,
bracteis appressis pectinatis

8. scabricaulis, ramis veti geridl aculeis minoribus

rectiusculis.
8. R. Lyellii, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis glabris, brac-
- teis distantibus integris, floribus cymosis. Tab. 1.

XXXil SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM

Div. IV. Cinnamomee. Setigere v. inermes bracteata. Folhiola
lanceolata eglandulosa. Discus tenuis (nequaquam incras-
satus).

Obs. R. alpine et aciculari divisionis proxime bractese
quandoque ie ae sepala autem nunquam ante fructus
maturitatem decidun

y. R. nitida, = armis confertissimis gracilibus, |
foliolis nitidis angusté lanceolatis planis. ‘Tab. 2.
10. R. rapa, elatior diffusa, ramulis inermibus, isan
oblongis undulatis lucidis, fructu hemispheric

ll. R. lucida, compacta, aculeis ramorum chp alanine
foliolis oblongis imbricatis planis lucidis, fructu de-
presso-globoso. :

12. R. lava, diffusa, ramulis vimineis subinermibus,
foliolis oblongis undulatis opacis glaucescentibus.
Tab. 3

13. R. parviflora, pumila, stipulis linearibus: aculeis—
acicularibus, foliolis lanceolatis glabriusculis arguté
serratis, calycibus viscosis.

14. R.. Woodsii, stipulis oepehne conniventibus, fo-
ce oblongis obtusis glabris

15. R. carolina, stipulis Soeaabitin foliolis lanceolatis,
sepalis patentibus. Tab. 4.

8. florida, foliis impubibus tenerioribus.

16. R. blanda, elatior, avmis deciduis, foliolis oblongis
planis: petiolo piloso 7

17. R. fraxinifolia, enter: inermis, ramis_strictis
glaucescentibus, foliolis opacis undulatis impubibus.

18. R. cinnamomea, elatior cinerea, ramis strictis,
aculeis stipularibus rectiusculis, stipulis dilatatis
undulatis, foliolis oblongis rugosis subtus tomen-
pe Tab. 5.

6. fluvialis, foliolis (ovatis) acutis.

19. R. taurica, elatior cinerea, aculeis sparsis debilibus,
ramis strictis apicem versus inermibus, foliolis ob-
longis rugosis subtus villosis, sepalis. compositis,
stylis porrectis glabriusculis.

20. R. davurica, elatior ramosissima, ramis tenuibus

ET VARIETATUM. XXXlii

coloratis, aculeis stipularibus patentissimis subre-
curvis, stipulis linearibus, foliolis oblongis rugosis
subtus tomentosis altd serratis.
Forte R. cinnamomee varietas.

- R. aristata, foliolis superioribus sub-bijugis, pe-
tiolo in spina producto.
R. cinnamomee nimis propinqua.

22. R. majalis, humilior, cesia, ramis strictis- colo-
ratis, aculeis sparsis subzequalibus, stipulis lineari-
bus, foliolis oblongis planis subtus glaucis tomen-
tosis.

bo
ee

8. canescens, foliis albido-ceesiis.

23. R. macrophylla, inermis, foliis longissimis, petiolis
parc’ glandulosis foliolisque lanceolatis subtus la-
natis, sepalis 7 iain petalis apiculatis longi-
oribus. Tab. 6

Div. V. Pimpinellifolia. Setigeree armis confertis subconformi-
us, ¥. inermes; ebracteate (rarissimé bracteate). Foliola
ovata, v. oblonga. Sepala conniventia, persistentia. Discus
subnullus.

24. R. alpina, inermis, fructu elongato pendulo: pe-
dunculo hispido.

8. pyrenaica, calycis tubo pedunculoque hispidulis.
y. pendulina, foliolis pluribus cauleque coloratis.
3. pimpinellifolia, omnibus partibus minor.

25. R. rubella, armis confertis zqualibus, fructu elon-
gato pendulo
@. melanocarpa, fructu nigro-fusco breviore.

26. R. stricta, ramosissima, ramulis inermibus, fructu
elongato pendulo. Tab.

27. R. acicularis, elatior, aculeis acicularibus inzequa-
libus, foliolis glaucis rugosis convexiusculis, fructu
obampullaceo cernuo. ‘Tab. 8.

28, R. sulphurea, stipulis linearibus apice dilatatis di-
varicatis, foliolis glaucis planiusculis, tubo calycis
hemispheerico.

e

XXXIV SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM

29. R. dutescens, armis ramorum confertissimis inaequa-
libus eracilibus reflexis, ramulorum minimis sub-
zequalibus, foliolis planis impubibus simpliciter ser-
ratis. Tab. 9.

30. R. viminea, ramis vimineis, armis setaceis confer-
tissimis rectis patentibus inzequalibus, foliolis mem-
branaceis planis impubibus simpliciter serratis.

31. R. spinosissima, armis ineequalibus, foliolis planis
impubibus simpliciter serratis.

8. reversa, pumila, armis gracillimis, inferioribus
deflexis, fructu ovato.

y. platycarpa, pumila, fructu depresso et pedun-
culo setoso

9. pilosa, pumila foliis acutis infra pilosis.

¢. turbinata, pumila, fructu turbinato.

¢. Pallasii, elatior, armis subzequalibus confertis.

y. rossica, elatior, aculeis longis gracillimis.

S. islandica, elatior, aculeis maximis falcatis.

1. sanguisorbifolia, elatior, foliolis 9-11 oblongis,
fructu depresso globoso.

32. R. grandiflora, setis ramorum nullis, aculeis sub-
zequalibus distantibus, foliolis planis impubibus
simpliciter serratis.

33. R. nankinensis, pumila ramosissima, armis confer-
tissimis, foliolis acuminatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis
aculeatis, petalis apiculatis.

An R. Lawranceane affinior?

34, R. myriacantha, armis inzqualibus: majoribus
pugioniformibus, foliolis glandulosis impubibus or-
biculatis.

35. R. involuta, armis valde inzequalibus ek
foliolis dupld serratis pubescentibus, petalis convo-
lutis, fructu aculeato.

36. R. reversa, armis setaceis subzequalibus reflexis,
foliolis duplicato-serratis pubescentibus, fructu his-

ido.

37. R. marginata, pumila, ramis tortuosis junioribus

ET VARIETATUM. XXXV

pruinosis, foliolis ovatis cordatis 3plo serratis gla-
errimis, sepalis muricatis.

38, R. Sabini, setis raris aculeisque ingequalibus di-
stantibus, foliolis dupld serratis tomentosis, sepalis
compositis

B. Liseiond, setis subnullis, aculeis rectiusculis.

Div. VI. Centifolie. Setigere, armis difformibus; bractea
Foliola oblonga v. ovata, rugosa. Discus incrassatus Sicens
claudens. Sepala composita.

39. R. damascena, armis inzequalibus: majoribus fal-
catis, sepalis reflexis, fructu elongato.

40. R. centifolia, armis inzequalibus: majoribus fal-
catis, foliolis glanduloso-ciliatis, floribus cernuis,
calycibus viscosis, fructu oblongo.

8. muscosa, calycibus pedunculisque muscosis.
y- pomponia, omnibus partibus minor.
3. bipinnata, foliis bipinnatis.

41. R. gallica, armis subzequalibus conformibus debi-
libus, foliolis rigidis ellipticis, floribus erectis, se-
palis ovatis, fructu subgloboso.

8. pumila, floribus simplicibus, radicibus repenti-
bus.
y.? arvina, foliis utrinque nudis.

42. R. parvifolia, nana, armis subzqualibus, foliolis

rigidis ovatis acutis arguté serratis, sepalis ovatis.

Div. VII. Villose. Surculi stricti. Aculei rectiusculi. Foliola
ovata v. ——. serraturis divergentibus. Se conniventia
persisten Discus incrassatus faucem chase

43. R. turbinata, calycis tubo turbinato.

44. R. villosa, foliolis ellipticis obtusis, fructu maximo
armis rigidis confertis horrido, sepalis viscosis his-
pidis.

45, R. tomentosa, foliolis ovatis acutiusculis, fructu
hispido nudove.
ce. vera, surculis arcuatis, sepalis compositis.

e2

XXXVi SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM

3. mollis, surculis strictissimis, sepalis subsimpli-
cibus.
y. resinosa, pumila, ceesia, foliolis angustis, floribus
ruberrimis.
46. R. alba, foliolis oblongis glaucis supra nudiusculis
simpliciter serratis, sepalis refiexis, fructu inermi.
47. R. hibernica, aculeis ineequalibus minoribus seti-
formibus, foliolis ovatis acutis nudiusculis simpli-
citer serratis.

Div. VIII. Rubiginose. Aculei inezquales, nunc setiformes,
rar (an unquam?) nulli. Foliola ovata v. oblonga, glandu-
losa, serraturis do leo Sepala persistentia. Discus
incrassatus. Surculi arcua'

48, R. lutea, aculeis. rectis, foliolis planis concavis, ca-
lycibus subinermibus integris
(. punicea, floribus Be alobas:
49. R. rubiginosa, aculeis aduncis, foliolis rugosis opa-
cis, calycibus pedunculisque hispidis.
a. vulgaris, aculeis fortibus valde a i a
stylis villosis, fructibus ovatis v. oblong
8. micrantha, aculeis ramulorum cualiidibes v.
nullis, sepalis ante maturitatem deciduis, stylis
villosiusculis, fructibus oblongis vel obovatis.
y. umbellata, inflorescentize ramulis aculeatissimis,
fructibus elongatis.
$.? grandiflora, foliis nudiusculis, floribus maximis,
fructu purpureo.

s. flecuosa, ramis valde flexuosis, foliolis suborbicu-
latis, bracteis deciduis, floribus subsolitariis,
stylis impubibus.

¢. rotundifolia, ramis flagelliformibus, aculeis rec-
tiusculis tenuibus, foliolis subrotundis dupld
minoribus, calycis tubo subgloboso glabro.

Ne sepium, ramis debilibus flexuosis, foliolis utrinque
acutis, floribus subsolitariis, fructibus glaberri-
mis, sepalorum laciniis angustissi

ET VARIETATUM. xxxvii

S. inodora, aculeis valde aduncis subzequalibus, fo-
liolis minis glandulosis, a ante maturita-
tem deciduis.

50. R. pulverulenta, ramulis glandulosis, foliis utrinque
pruinosis: superioribus subverticillatis.

51. R. cuspidata, sepalis hispidis in a lineari-lan-
ceolato serrato ipsis longiore productis

52. R. glutinosa, ramulis pilosis, foliolis incanis sub-
orbiculatis viscosis.

53. R. Montezuma, ramis inermibus.

Div. IX. pect Aculei zequales adunci. Foliola ovata =.
ulosa, serraturis conniventibus. Sepala decidua.
sioatiaa faucem claudens. Surculi Sgatics arcuati.

54. R. caucasea, foliolis mollibus ovatis, ovariis 50-60.
Tab. 2.

55. R. canina, foliolis rigidis ovatis, ovariis 20-30.
8. aciphylla, pumila, foliis utrinque impubibus
floribusque multd minoribus.
y- egyptiaca, foliolis laté ovatis grossé serratis
utrinque impubibus, calycis tubo elongato.
collina, foliolis infra v. petiolo eee sepalis
pedunculisque hispidis, disco conico
. dumetorum, foliolis utrinque bireutic,’ Sepalis pe-
dunculisque glabris.
C. ceesia, —— ceesiis utrinque pilosis, calycis tubo
elliptic

on

ciel

56. R. rubrifota, aculeis parvis distantibus, foliolis
ovatis ramisque glaucis opacis discoloribus, ovariis
20-30.

57. R. sericea, aculeis stipularibus compressis : supe-
rioribus runcinatis, foliolis oblongis obtusis apice
serratis subtus sericeis. Tab. 12.

57*. R. microphylla, foliolis nitidis arguté serratis, ca-
lyce aculeis densissimis muricato, sepalis brevibus
late ovatis apiculatis.

}

XXXVili SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM

58. R. indica, foliolis ellipticis acuminatis glabris cre-
nato-serratis subtus glaucis, ovariis 40-50.
8. odoratissima, fructu ovato, floribus odoratissi-

y. pumila, fruticulus, omni parte minor.
6. longifolia, foliolis lanceolatis, ramis subinermibus.
59. R. semperflorens, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis crenato-
serratis, ovariis 15, petalis integris.
60. R. Lawranceana, nana, foliolis ovatis acutis arguté
serratis, petalis acuminatis, ovariis 7-8.

Div. X. Rystasers Styli in columnam elongatam coherentes.
Stipulz adnatee

61. R. systyla, ‘idsottia assurgentibus, aculeis validis

aduncis.
. lanceolata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, fructu
. Spheerico.
y- Monsonie, caule humiliore: florifero erecto
multifloro, ramis rard setigeris.

62. R. arvensis, surculis flagelliformibus, aculeis in-

zequalibus falcatis, foliolis subtus glaucis.
8. montana, pumila, fructu hispidulo.

y:, hybrida, surculis crassioribus et brevioribus:
florifero erecto multifloro, ramis sparsim seti-
geris, stylis discretis.

63. R. abyssinica, surculis scandentibus, aculeis con-
fertissimis falcatis, foliolis ovatis sempervirentibus,
calycibus pedunculisque tomentosis. ‘Tab. 13.

64. R. sempervirens, surculis scandentibus, aculeis sub-
zequalibus falcatis, foliis sempervirentibus.

@. microphylla, foliolis suborbiculatis.

65. R. prostrata, surculis prostratis, aculeis subzequa-
libus falcatis, foliis sempervirentibus, stylis glabris.
Precedenti valde affinis.

66. R. multiflora, ramulis pedunculis calycibusque to-
mentosis, foliolis mollibus lanceolatis rugosis, sti-
pulis pectinatis.

a.

ET VARIETATUM. XXXIX

67. R. Brunonii, ramulis foliolis lanceolatis calyci-
busque tomentosis glandulosis, stipulis integris.

68. R. moschata, ramulis nudiusculis, foliolis ellipticis
acuminatis subtus glaucis serraturis conniventibus,
stipulis integris, sepalis compositis acuminatis.

B. nudiuscula, foliolis oblongis acutis impubibus,
petiolis pedicellis calycibusque glandulosis.

69. R. rubifolia, ramulis impubibus, foliolis ovato-lan-
ceolatis: serraturis divaricatis, stipulis integris, se-
palis ovatis, fructibus pisiformibus.

G. fenestralis, foliolis —— impubibus, floribus
subsolitariis. Tab. 1

Div. XI. Banksiane. Stipule subliberee, subulate v. angus-
tissime, seepius decidua. Foliola sepius ternata, nitida.
Caules scandentes.

70. R. levigata, stipulis lineari-lanceolatis semiad-
natis, petiolis inermibus, fructibus muricatis.

71. R. simica, stipulis setaceis deciduis, petiolis cos-
taque aculeatis, fructibus muricatis. Tab. 16.

72. R. recurva, stipulis pore foliolis 5-9, petiolis
aculeatis, fructibus murica

73. R. setigera, sepalis ieibsaaureds ete stylis co-
alitis, fructibus muricatis.

74, R. hystrix, armis ramulorum confertis: majoribus
faleatis, foliolis ovatis, —- hispido-muricatis.
Tab. 17.

75. R. microcarpa, floribus corymbosis, fructibus pisi-
Tab. 18.

formibus inermibus.
76. R. Banksiew, ramis et fructibus inermibus.

Incerte sedis.
77. R. pseud-indica, indice facie, floribus plenis luteis,
calycibus hirsutis ?
78. R. xanthina, spinosissime facie, floribus plenis sul -
phureis.

ROSA.

Diy. I. Simplicifolia. Folia simplicia exeiiabite: (Re-
ceptaculum impube Pall.)

1. ROSA berberifolia.

R. simplicifolia Salish. hort. allert. 359. Parad. lond.
16]. c. fig. Olivier voy. 5. 49. atl. t. 43.

R. berberifolia. Pall. in nov. act. petr. 10. 379. t. 10.
Je. illd. sp. 2. 1063. Ait. kew. ed. 40 3. 258.
Smith in Rees. inl. Redout. ros. 1. 27. t

Hab. prope Amadan abundé solo salito, sea (Oli-
vier); in campis infra jugum montium Elvind,
(Olivier); deserto Songarico, (Sievers). (v. s. Sp.
herb. Banks.)

Two or three feet high, (a foot high, Olivier,) very
czsious. Branches slender, pubescent, covered wit
sete, which disappear on the branchlets; prickles
slender, falcate, with a remarkably elongated base
slightly downy, sometimes compound ; placed below
the leaves, which are sessile, erect, simple, narrow,
obovate, simply toothed towards the end, densely pu-
bescent, unarmed, almost veinless ; stipulee "none ;
flowers ‘solitary, without bracteze, cupshaped (sweet-
scented, Olivier); tube of the calyx downy, nearly
round, and covered with oe pale, unequal

v

2 ROSA BERBERIFOLIA.

prickles, extending up the sepals, which are densely
downy and entire; petals deep yellow with a dark
crimson spot at their base ; stamens few; styles villous.
(Fruit crowned with the sepals, pale green, depressedly
globose, armed with numerous unequal prickles: pe-
ricarps 25, oblong, blackish. Pall.)

Although Mr. Salisbury’s name for this highly cu-
rious plant was published before Pallas’s, and, as Sir
James Smith observes, is much the best; yet, as ber-
berifolia bas been almost universally adopted, I should
scarcely be justified in giving up expediency to a right
of priority, which, moreover, is supported only by the
antecedency of a few months. Its whole appearance
is remarkably unlike the rest of the genus. Indeed,
the absence of stipulz, which cannot be metamor-
phosed into aculei, as has been conjectured by M. de
Jussieu, would almost induce us to look for a generic
difference ; especially if the receptacle be destitute of
hairs, as Pallas asserts, but which we have no means
of ascertaining. Perhaps, however, it is not impro-
bable that the whole plant may be aphyllous, supposing
the apparent leaves to be confluent stipulz. No other
Rose has compound aculei.

Certain districts in the North of Persia and the de-
sert of Songari in Chinese Tartary are the only stations
recorded as producing the present lovely plant. It was
found by Olivier covering the plains near Amadan, and
in many other places in the same neighbourhood. If
we may judge from the fine figure of M. Redouté,
French gardeners must have the art of managing it
much more successfully than our own. Possibly the
soil in which it grows wild being salt may afford a hint
fo those who may again have an opportunity of culti-
vating it. It flowers in the spring.

ROSA FEROX. 3

Div. If. Feroces. Rami tomento persistente vestiti.
Fructus nudus.

Plants with these characters form a very small but strictly
natural assemblage. They are low shrubs, losing their leaves
early in the autumn, and are then remarkable for thick hoa
branches bristly with numerous prickles. Their fruit, whic
never has any pubescence, readily distinguishes them from the
next, in which the down is very conspicuous.

2. ROSA ferox.

- armis confertissimis ineequalibus conformibus.

. ferox. Lawr.roses. t. 42. Br! in Ait. kew. ed. alt.
3. 262. Smith in Rees inl. Lindley in Edwards's
Reg. t. 420.

R. Kamechatica Redout. Roses. 1. 47. t. 12.

Hab. in Caucaso, (Aiton.) (v. v. cult.)

aa

Four or five feet high. Branches downy, procum-
bent, covered all over with unequal rigid, straightish,
pale, pubescent prickles and a few setze. Leaves shin-
ing, bright green, rugose; stipule large, dilated up-
wards, downy, curled at the edge and glandular, naked
above; petioles downy, with a few setz and prickles;
the latter yellow, slender and nearly straight; leaflets
5-9 elliptic, retuse, simply (seldom doubly) serrated,
naked above, hairy beneath and paler; their veins un-
usually close. Flowers large, red, solitary; bractee
none, or large, nearly orbicular, pilose, serrated, fringed
with glands; peduncle downy; tube of the calyx obo-
vate, naked; sepals narrow, triangular, sometimes dis-
posed to become compound, downy; petals obcordate,
concave, crumpled; stamens 150-185; disk little ele-
vated; ovaria 50-60; styles villous, distinct, a little
exserted. Fruit globose, scarlet, covered with a deli-

B2

4 ROSA FEROX.

cate bloom: upper part of the peduncle naked : peri-
carps pale yellow, hairy.

The hedgehog Rose, by which name this is known
in the gardens, seems to have been first noticed by
Miss Lawrance, who probably obtained it from the
very extensive collection of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy ;
for by those indefatigable cultivators it was first intro-

uced.

M. Thory has strangely confounded it with R.
a gee which he considers has been brought to be

R. ferox by cultivation. How improbable is such a
change must be sufficiently evident to any one who has
carefully seen the two in a living state. Besides the
distinction in the arms on which their specific character
is founded, I may add that R. kamchatica is a taller
plant than R. ferox; its leaves are opaque, not shining,
sinaller, and with a different outline, changing colour
and falling off in the very beginning of autumn, lon
before those of R. ferox are withered; its fruit is also
smaller and shorter than the sepals, which do not ap-
pear to have any disposition to become compound. In
R. feror, on the contrary, the calyx is more fre-
quently compound than otherwise; in more than one
instance I have observed the segments so much divided
that two were perfect leaves ; the others becoming less
obviously so in the order of the old distich.

If kept in a vigorous state by close pruning, this
plant is very beautiful, on account of its fine, showy,
crimson blossoms, which appear before those of the
more common and fragrant species.

ROSA RUGOSA. 5

3. ROSA rugosa.

R. armis confertissimis subzequalibus, pedunculo acu-
leato.
R. rugosa Thunb. jap. p. 213. Willd. sp. 2. 1070.

Pers. syn. 2.48. Smith in Rees in loc.
Ramanas Japonorum. Thunb.
Vamanas? Icones Japonens. in bibl. Banks.
Iiab. in Japonia (‘Thunb.)

Known only from the account of Thunberg, whose
description contains very little to distinguish this from _
R. ferox or kamchatica. He says it is called Ramanas
by the natives of Japan

In the collection of Japanese drawings in Sir Joseph
Banks's library is the figure of a Rose marked Vamanas,
which answers tolerably to Thunberg’s description, and,
as the resemblance of the names seems to indicate,
is probably the very same. Its branches are slender
(downy Th.) armed with very dense, straight, nearly
equal (unequal Th.) prickles; stipules (none in the
figure) ; petioles (downy Th.) with several straightish,
scattered prickles; Jeaflets 5-9, ovate, very rugose,
simply serrated, obtuse (with an acumen, downy be-
neath Th.), veins very close. Flowers solitary; bractew
none; peduncle (downy Th.) beset with several straight,
short, scattered prickles, which are poet and
larger at its base; tube of the calyx (globose Th.)
ot naked; sepals reflexed (hairy Th.) entire, very

w,—two with a dilated, foliaceous, serrated end ;
salalé spreading emarginate.

Supposing this to be Thunberg’s plant, which we
can scarcely doubt, it will be easily distinguished from
- its nearest allies by the numerous leaflets, nearly equal
prickles of the stem, and curved prickles of the pe-
duncle, which last are remarkable for their form, as
being situated on a part where they are usually slender,
straight and mixed with setze in other species. ~~~

6 ROSA KAMCHATICA.

4, ROSA kamchatica.

R. aculeis infrastipularibus falcatis majoribus, foliis
opacis.

R. kamchatica Vent. Cels. t.67. Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3.
259. Pers. syn. 2. 47. Smith! m Rees in loc.
Lindley in Edwards's Reg. t. 419.

Hab. in Kamtchatke locis siccis saxosis, Nelson. (v. v.
cult, et s. sp. herb. Banks.)

Three or four feet high, with nearly the habit of
R. ferox. Branches downy, pale brown, procumbent,
beset with pubescent prickles and setze, when old fre-
quently naked; prickles under the stipulze large, fal-
cate, spreading, two or three together; the interme-
diate ones much smaller. Leaves gray, opaque; stipule
large, much dilated upwards, rather hairy, curled at
the edge and here and there fringed with glands; pe-
tioles downy, unarmed; leaflets 5-9, obovate, blunt,
deeply and simply serrated, the teeth callous at the
end, naked above, hairy and paler beneath. Flowers
solitary, deep red; bractee elliptical, nearly naked;
peduncle hairy at the base, purple; tube of the calyx
globose, naked; sepals very narrow, downy, and spa-
ringly glandular, a little dilated at the end, longer
than the petals, which are obcordate, sometimes apicu-
late; stamens 160-170; disk a little elevated, more evi-
dent than in R. ferox; ovaria 50; styles villous, dis-
tinct, a little exserted. Fruit spherical, scarlet, less
than in R. ferox; as are the pericarps, which are small,
shining, with an even surface.

This has usually been considered of somewhat re-
cent introduction to the gardens of Europe; but it is
certain that the period of its arrival may be fixed at
somewhat beyond the middle of the last century. Sir
James Smith possesses a specimen of it gathered in the

ROSA KAMCHATICA. 7

botanic garden at Chelsea in 1791; and in the Lin-
nean herbarium are seedling plants marked China,
which I have no hesitation in pronouncing to be the
present plant. To M. Ventenat however must be given
the credit of having first made it known in his Jardin
du Cels. It flowers most part of the summer at irre-
gular intervals. The only spontaneous specimens I have
seen are in the magnificent herbarium of Sir Joseph
Banks. .They were ” collected by Nelson in Captain
Cook’s last voyage, and differ from the cultivated plant
in haying more ovate and numerous leaflets, smaller
flowers, and less dissimilarity in the form of the prickles.

Div. Il. Bracteate. Rami fructusque tomento persis-
tente vestiti.

This section, which probably extends across the continent of
Asia, from Nepal to China, is readily distinguished from the
preceding by the thick woolliness of its fruit, a peculiarity en-
tirely confined to itself. Its leaves are very dense, usually shin-
ing, and the prickles are placed under the stipulee i in pairs: the
species which compose it may be considered to have their organs
of fructification in the highest state of developement in the genus.
The stamens vary from 350 to 400, and the ovaries from 140 to
170; the former being twice por the latter three times as nume-
rous as in the last section, which perhaps holds the next raph in
the scale of developement.

8 ROSA INVOLUCRATA,.

5. .ROSA involucrata.

R. foliolis wanceolato-elipticis i infra tomentosis, bracteis
contiguis pectinatis.

R. involucrata Roxb. fi. ind. ined.

R. palustris Buchanani MSS.

Hab. in Nepalia, Buchanan; Bengalia tempore fer-
vido ineunte florifera, pluvioso fructifera, Roxb.

SS.; China, ic. Sinens. (v.v. cult. et s. sp. herb.

Lamb.)

Branches pale brown, flexuose, covered with very
soft down; prickles generally naked, with a long base,
bright brown, pointing upwards, placed by pairs under
the stipule, which are nearly distinct, downy, and di-
vided at the margin into several capillary compound
segments, here and there fringed with glands; on vi-
gorous rootshoots they are united half way, and then
the part which is disengaged frequently extends into a
small pinnate leaf; petioles slender, downy, with a few
small prickles; leaflets 3-9, elliptic lanceolate, obtuse,
bluntly serrated, dull green, naked above, downy
(rarely naked) and paler beneath. Flowers white, sub-
solitary, surrounded by three or four approximated
leaves; bractew pectinate, woolly, as are the short pe-
duncle, globose tube of the calyx, and spreading entire
sepals ; petals emarginate, longer than the last; disk
long, large and thickened; styles villous, a little ex-
serted.

For an opportunity of examining spontaneous speci-
mens of this new species I am indebted to Mr. Lam-
bert; they were collected in Nepal by Dr. Buchanan,
and from the ticket attached to them, probably in
marshy situations. Of this however no mention is
made by Dr. Roxburgh, by whom in his manuscript
Flora Indica a detailed account of the species is given
with the name here adopted. It has recently been im-

ROSA MICROPHYLLA. 9

ported from the East Indies by Messrs. Whitley and
Co. of Fulham, in whose fine collection I have seen it
growing vigorously, and it proves an highly desirable
addition to our gardens. It cannot possibly be con-
founded except with R. bracteata or microphylla, from
both which its dull narrow leaves, hoary beneath, and
long slender shoots, distinguish it sufficiently; besides,
the bracteze are at a little distance from the flowers.
From a figure in a collection of Chinese drawings
in the possession of Mr. Cattley it appears to be a na-
tive of China as well as India.

6. ROSA microphylla.

R. foliolis ovatis minoribus, bracteis appressis_pecti-
natis, fructu aculeato.

R. microphylla Roxb ! fl. ind. ined.

Hoi-tong-hong Sinensium. ,

Hab. in China, Roxburgh. (v. pict. iconibus Sinens.
bibl. cel. Colebrooke.)

Apparently a smaller plant than R. bracteata, from
which it differs in having prickly fruit, and ovate, ob-
tuse leaves. As Iam scarcely acquainted with it ex-
cept from a drawing in the possession of Mr. Cole-
brooke, it is not possible nor indeed advisable to draw
up a detailed description. Specimens however may
probably exist among the unarranged plants in the
herbaria of this country, and may afford materials for
a complete account of it at some future time. Its
flowers are double and of a very delicate blush colour,
so that in a living state it must be a charming plant.
I have seen some fragments of a Rose nearly allied to
the Macartney, obtained from a plant in the collection
of the Right Honourable Lord Suffield at Blickling,

c

10 . ROSA BRACTEATA.

Norfolk, the flowers of which are reported to be small
and double. This therefore is very likely to be our
plant, and if so, there can be no doubt, from the
well-known liberality of its noble proprietor, that it
will soon find its way into general notice.

7. ROSA bracteata.

R. foliolis oblongis obtusis elaberrimis, bracteis ap-
pressis pectinatis.

R. bracteata Wendl. obs. p. 50. hort. herrenhus. 7, t.
22. Vent. cels. t.28. Redout. ros. 1. 35. t. 6.

R. lucida Lawr. ros. t. 84.

R. Macartnea Dumont-Cours. bot. cult. fide Redoute.

8 scabricaulis, ramis setigeris, aculeis minoribus rec-
tiusculis.

R. bracteata Ménch meth. suppl. 290. Jacq. fragm.
30. 4.34. f. 2. Curt. mag. 1377. Smith in Rees
in l.

Hab. in Bootan, Roxb; 8 in Chinz provincid Tche-
tchiang, Staunton. (v.v. c. et s. sp. herb. Banks.)

A compact dark green shrub. Branches erect,
stout, downy; prickles hooked, very strong, placed by
pairs under the stipule, somewhat downy. Stipule
nearly distinct, pilose, pectinate: segments capillary,
the uppermost sometimes dilated and extending into a
small pinnate leaf; petioles almost naked, with a few
small, strong, hooked prickles ; leaflets 5-9, crenate,
obovate, flat, shining, blunt, naked on both sides, dark
green above, paler beneath; their veins inconspicuous.
Flowers showy, pure white, solitary, nearly sessile in

ROSA BRACTEATA. ll

the midst of several ovate, imbricated, downy bracteas,
finely pectinate at the edge ; tube of the calyx and se-
pals, which are nearly simple, woolly on the outside ;
petals large, obovate; disk much thickened, nearly
flat; stamens 350-400; ovaria 140-170; styles distinct,
naked. Fruit spherical, orange red, covered all over
with woolliness; pericarps brownish, wrinkled, im-
mersed in the unusually copious hairs of the receptacle.

This plant, although a native of China and the
northern provinces of India, is nevertheless tolerably
hardy in our gardens, producing its fine milk-white
flowers in profusion during the greater part of the sum-
mer. For ripe fruit I am indebted to Mr. Lyell.

For the present I have thought it better not to con-
sider var. 6 as a distinct species; but itis probable that,
by future observation, its characters may be found suf-
ficient to entitle it to a place by itself. In general ap-
pearance, it is similar to the plant described and figured
by Wendland; yet when the two grow side by side,
their aspect presents several marks of difference. The
variety © is much less than the other; it forms a more
compact bush; the prickles are nearly straight, not
strong and hooked; the stem is covered with setz, of
which there are no traces onthe other. This last cha-
racter is of the most importance, because when setze
are produced accidentally, they usually are occasioned
by excessive luxuriance, and therefore ought to be
found on the stronger plant of the two, and not on the
weaker, as is the case here. Iam not disposed to lay
much stress upon their different habitats , because, as I
have already observed, it is probable that the present
group extends across the continent of Asia in certain
latitudes.

12 ROSA LYELLII.

8. ROSA Liyellii. Tab. 1.

R. foliolis occa ae glabris, bracteis distanti-
_bus integris, floribus

Hab. in Nepalia ; Wallich ie s. sp. herb. Banks.)

et Carolo Lyellio Arm., Botanices indigencee

precip é cryptogamic peritissimo, susceptique nos-
tri “Fautori acerrimo, dicata,

A small shrub with the appearance of R. bracteata.
Branches densely villous, without sete; prickles placed
by pairs under the stipule, straight. Leaves dense,
spreading, longer than the joints of the stem; stipule
villous, adhering, divided at the edge into many very
narrow segments, sparingly fringed with glands; pe-
tioles downy, armed with a few small, hooked prickles ;
leaflets 7, oblong-lanceolate, very shining, simply ser-
rated, naked on both sides, except the midrib beneath,
which is dow why. Flowers cymose; bractee at some
distance from the calyx, linear, erect, hoary, entire ;
pedicels hoary, elongated, glandular; tube of the calyx
and sepals, which are nearly simple, and shorter than
the petals, woolly. Petals and other parts of the fruc-
tification appear to be the same as those of R. brac-
teata.

I have great pleasure in having an opportunity of.

giving so fine a species as this, to my excellent friend
Mr. Lyell, whose extensive knowledge of the genus
and liberality in communicating it, highly entitle him
to such a distinction.

It has been recently sent from Nepal with a very
extensive collection of equally interesting plants to Sir
Joseph Banks, by Dr. Wallich. The entire narrow
bracteze, at a considerable distance from the flowers,
at once distinguish it from the rest of the division, with
the characters of which it does not otherwise disagree.

~

een Sa ae Sy EID

BA, acl dek: directs by I. Tédgeorag SJ Recatilly E20.

Tab tb

Sa EE ETT NSE Re ee ee ee

TR AE es BET SS Rs IAT ere!

ROSA NITIDA. 13

Div. 1V. Cinnamomee. Setigerze v. inermes, bracteate.
Foliola lanceolata eglandulosa. Discus tenuis
eats ee

Obs. R. alpina and acicularis, of the next division, sometim
a bracteze, but their sepals never fall off till the fruit is de
yed.

9. ROSA nitida. Tab. 2.

R. pumila, armis confertissimis gracilibus, foliolis ni-
tidis angusté lanceolatis planis.

R. nitida Willd. enum. 544. Pursh am. septr. 1 n. 3?
Smith in Rees in l.

R. rubrispina Bosc. dict. agr. p. 246?

R. blanda Pursh! l. c.n. 1. et in suppl.

R. Redutea rubescens Redout. ros. 1. 103. ¢. 36.

Hab. in Terra nova, herb. Banks. (v. v.c. et s. sp. herb.
Banks.)

A low reddish bush. Branches erect, much divided,
covered all over with very numerous slender prickles,
unequal in size and interspersed with sete. Leaves
very shining, dark green, changing to purple in the
autumn ; stipule flattish, naked, fringed with
entire or a little toothed, ovate at the Mis setsoles

14 ROSA NITIDA.

slender, naked ; leaflets 3-7, narrow lanceolate, naked,
simply serrated, their veins inconspicuous. Cymes
one or few flowered ; bractew polished, ovato-lanceo-
late, waved, revolute; flower-stalks covered with nearly
equal seta ; tube of the calyx setose, spherical or nearly
so; sepals very narrow, shorter than the petals, without
setose and downy. Petals obcordate, very red and
brilliant, concave, nearly erect ;_ stamens 100-130; disk
a little thickened and flattened. Ovaria 30-35 ; styles
disengaged, villous, included. Fruit bright scarlet,
depressedly spherical, somewhat hispid.

A pretty little species, with very bright red, cup-
shaped flowers, widely different from R. blanda, with
which Pursh certainly confounded it; for it was from
an inspection of this growing in Mr. Sabine’s garden
that he altered the specific character of blanda in his
supplement. Possibly he meant something else by ni-
tida, but what that was there are unfortunately no
materials for determining. It is commonly called the
dwarf Labrador Rose in the gardens. Miss Lawrance’s
t. 27 seems to be a miserable figure of this, and yet
the learned author of the monograph in Rees’s Cyclo-
peedia cites it to blanda, following the second edition
of Hortus Kewensis. R. rubrispina of M. Bosc I have
little doubt in referring here; and R. Redutea rubescens
of Redouté is certainly our plant; what resemblance
there can be between it and the original R. Redutea I
am quite at a loss to discover.

prmime sie eta

ROSA RAPA. 15

10. ROSA rapa.

R. elatior diffusa, ramulis inermibus, foliolis oblongis

undulatis lucidis, fructu hemisphzerico.

. rapa Bose. dict. dagr. Desf. cat. hort. par. 273.
Poir enc. suppl. Redout. Roses. 1. 7. t. 2.. Promv.
nomencl, 27.

. turgida Pers. syn. 2. 49.

. fraxinifolia Dumont-Cours. bot. cult. fide Poir.

Hab. in Americe septentrionalis provinciis calidioribus

Fraser. (v.v. cult. et s. sp.)

=)

pans)

A taller bash than R. lucida with a more straggling
habit. Branches red, either unarmed, or furnished
with a few weak, pale, setiform prickles, now and then
decreasing into sete; rootshoots very red, densely co-
vered with very unequal, scattered, crimson prickles:
of these the largest are compressed and falcate, as
they decrease in size becoming gradually straighter till
they change into setz. Leaves distant, tinged with
red, which becomes darker in the autumn; stipule
naked, flat, waved, either narrow or much dilated,
finely toothed ; petioles armed with a few short, straight
prickles, glands being here and there intermixed ;
leaflets 3-9, simply or doubly serrated, undulated, en-
tirely free from pubescence. Cymes many-flowered,
overtopped by the young shoots; dractee ovate lan-
ceolate, with a point, naked, finely toothed, large and
spreading ; flowerstalks rough with setz and glands:
tube of the calyx cyathiform, at the bottom rough like
the stalks; sepals compound, with a foliaceous end,
longer than the petals, hispid without ; petals always
multiplied, bright red, smaller than those of R. lucida ;
disk nearly obliterated. Fruit deep red, crowned by
the reflexed sepals, round, with a very wide mouth
which is filled up by the densely villous styles.

16 ROSA RAPA.

A very handsome species with numerous double red
flowers. It was first distinguished by Bosc in the Dic-
tionnaire d’ Agriculture, but by some mistake called a
native of Scotland, which has been copied by every
successive French author. Redouté’s figure is of a
much greener colour than I have ever seen it in any
state. I possess specimens gathered in the Southern
states of North America by Mr. J. Fraser, and I am
obliged to Mr. Robert Sweet for fine fruit, which is
very rarely produced.

This is a plant with which I have been long ae-
quainted, and I can by no means assent to the opinion
that it is a variety of R. lucida. Doubtless they must
be placed next each other in a natural disposition of
the genus, but otherwise they are as distinct as species
can be. R. lucida is a compact bush with dense, stiff
leaves, and armed with prickles under the stipulze ; its
flowers sit close among the leaves, and the mouth of the
fruit is by no means wide; the ‘sepals also converge.
This, onthe contrary, is a naked straggling brier, with
scarcely a vestige of prickles on the shoots ; its flowers
are on long stalks, the mouth of the fruit is so wide that
the fruit itself is nearly hemispherical, and the sepals
are reflexed.

ROSA LUCIDA. 17

11. ROSA lucida.

R. compacta, aculeis ramulorum stipularibus, foliolis
oblongis imbricatis planis lucidis, fruetu depresso-
globoso.

carolina fragrans foliis mediotents serratis Dill.

elth, 325. t. 245. f. 316.

rubra lucida Ross. ros. t. 7. & t. 25. f. 1.

lucida Ehr. beitr. 4. 22. Willd. sp. 2. 1068

Monch. meth. 687. Jacq. fragm. 71. t.107. f- 3.

Pers. syn. 1.48, Pursh! am. septr.n. 4. Smith!

in Rees in loc. Redouté ros. 1. 45. ¢.11.

Hab. in America septentrionali a Noveboraco in Caro-
jinam usque, (Pursh) ; juxta Boston in aquosis et
ad margines paludum, Bigelow o v. C.; ef 8. ap.
herb. Smith).

ss

a

A compact bush, from four to six feet high; some-
times much smaller. Branches erect, reddish brown,
shining, with nearly solitary slender prickles under the
stipulz, and a few setz scattered here and there; the
rootshoots sometimes very setigerous on their lower
half, but like the branches on their upper. Leaves
very close, spreading irregularly; stipule without pu-
bescence, flat, shining, rigid, waved, their edge mi-
nutely toothed, the teeth sometimes tipped with a
gland ; petioles either naked or a little downy beneath,
armed with a few short, stout prickles; leaflets nine,
ovate-lanceolate, naked on both sides, very near each
other, waved, simply and coarsely serrated, very un-
equal, the lowest pair frequently very small. Flowers
overtopped by the leaves and the new branchlets, very
red, several together; bracteaw concave, revolute at the
edge, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, naked on both sides,
finely toothed, the serratures tipped with a gland;

ower-stalks nearly naked, not much longer than the
D

18 | ROSA LAXA:

fruit ; tube of the calyx bristly, depressedly globose ;
sepals simple, ovate with a long point, hairy and bristly
on the outside; petals obovate, emarginate, a little
longer than the sepals; disk flattened, not very thick ;
receptacle frequently elevated in the centre; styles ex-
tremely villous, but little exserted. Fruit depressedly
globose, nearly naked, bright red.

Not uncommon in gardens, producing its fine red
blossoms early in the autumn. The differences between
this and the last have been already indicated. From
R. carolina and laxa its shining leaves immediately dis-
tinguish it. The learned president of the Linnean so-
ciety can scarcely have been well acquainted with the
plant before us, or he would not have excluded the re-
ference to Dillenius’s figure, which is a good repre-
sentation of it, nor have quoted Miss Lawrance’s ¢. 75,
the R. alpina @ of Aiton, which is undoubtedly Jac-
quin’s R. blanda and my R. fraxinifolia. Yet fine
wild specimens from Bigelow are in his herbarium, and
from their ticket it appears that the species is conimon
in marshy situations in North America.

12. _ROSA laxa. Tab. 3.

R. diffusa, ramulis vimineis subinermibus, foliolis ob-
longis undulatis opacis glaucescentibus.

R. carolina : Ait. kew. ed. alt. 3. 260.
R. earolina pimpinellifolia Andrews’s roses?

Hab. in America septentrionali (v. v. cult.)

A spreading shrub with reddish brown, shining,
wiry branches which have straightish prickles under
the stipulze; the branchlets are usually unarmed ; the
rootshoots covered all over their lower half with nume-

OF 4, Se Risk einen (70 Resadilly, FA247

ROSA LAXA. 19

rous, slender prickles, and a few sete intermingled.
Leaves not shining, thickset ; stipules narrow, broader
towards their end, where they are recurved, naked ex-
cept at the margin, which is glandular ; petioles downy,
reddish-green, furnished with weak prickles, sete and
glands; leaflets 7-9, elliptic-lanceolate, glaucous, na-
ked, waved, with i inconspicuous veins. Flowers rose-
coloured, growing usually in pairs; bractec ovate and
fringed, otherwise naked; flower-stalks glandular ;
tube of the calyx spherical, ‘armed with some seta ; se-
pals triangular, lanceolate, nearly entire, a little dilated
at the end, shorter than the petals, hairy, glandular
and setigerous on the outside, especially at the base ;
petals flat; disk almost obliterated. Fruit unknown.

Frequently cultivated under the name of the spread-
ing Carolina Rose. It is net however with R. carolina
that it can be confounded, since its whole habit, glau-
cous leaves, and open stipulee, permanently distinguish
it. RR. lucida is much more nearly allied to it; they
differing chiefly in the following respects, but as. it
seems sufficiently. The strongest rootshoots of R. axa
have scarcely any prickles, its branches are much more
spreading and slender, very often unarmed, the leaves
never shine and are always remarkable for their glau-
cous hue; there seems to be no disposition to produce
fruit in this, while #. lucida bears it abundantly.
Their period of flowering is also different ; that of lu-
cida being in the autumn, of daxa early in the summer.
I have never seen wild specimens, but there can be no
doubt of its native country. It is very uncertain whe-
ther Miss Lawrance’s spreading Carolina be this or not.

20 ROSA PARVIFLORA.

13. ROSA parviflora.

R. pumila, stipulis linearibus: aculeis acicularibus,
foliolis lanceolatis glabriusculis arguté serratis, ca-
lycibus viscosis.

carolina Du Rot uharbh, 2. 354. Sm. Insects of
Georgia 1. 49. ¢. 25°

R. humilis Marsh. Ark 136.

R. parviflora Ehr. beitr. 4. 21. Willd. sp. 2. 1068.
Pers. syn. 2.48. Pursh. am. septr. n. 2. Smith
in Rees in loc, ?

. caroliniana Michaux. boreali-am. 1. 295.

The Pennsylvanian Rose. Lawr. Ros. tt. 3 & 66.

R. carolina y and 3 Ait. kew. ed. alt. 3. 260.

Hab. in collium Healivibas Noveboraco Caroline,

(Pursh). (v. v. cult.)

=

~

A very low, weak, spreading species. Rootshoots
with a few setz which quickly disappear ; branches
slender, reddish-brown, armed with a pair of needle-
shaped prickles under the stipule; these are quite
naked, very narrow, a little incurved, with a small flat
extremity which divaricates; petioles naked; leaflets
usually 5, somewhat shining, lanceolate, pointed, sim-
ply and finely teothed, their veins inconspicuous, a
little hairy on the rib beneath. Flowers pale blush
usually growing by pairs; bractew oyate, concave,
pointed, somewhat hairy; peduncles covered wit
glands and setz, like the tube of the calyx, which is
round and small; sepals ovate with a very narrow
point, nearly simple, their edge cottony, back clammy
and glandular. Petals very numerous in the double
variety, which is the most common, and which is the
only one I have had an opportunity of examining.

The double Pennsylvanian Rose is by far the hand-
somest of the North American species, and does not

-

ROSA WOODSII. 21

pus in beauty to the most splendid varieties of gallica.
ts elegant unexpanding blossoms of the most delicate
pink and its dwarf compact habit have made it an
universal favourite, notwithstanding the difficulty of
cultivating and especially of propagating it. I have
seen it succeed best in such soil as American plants are
in general found to require. Ehbrhart, with his usual
accuracy, was the first to point out the peculiarities
which distinguish it from R. carolina and lucida. I
unfortunately neglected to preserve any notes of the
R. parviflora from Muhlenberg in Sir James Smith’s
herbarium; but from his observations I cannot help
thinking they must be of R. lucida; especially as he
quotes Miss Lawrance’s figures under R. carolina,
which would scarcely have been the case had the
true plant been before him. And yet the R. carolina
of Sm. Insects of Georgia is very likely to be this, as
was first noticed in Rees’s Cyclopedia. JI am obliged
to M. Achille Richard for an ample description of R.
caroliniana of Michaux’s herbarium, which confirms
the propriety of referring it hither. In Mr. Lambert's
collection is a garden specimen with almost linear
leaves.

14. ROSA Woodsii.

R. stipulis sepalisque conniventibus, foliolis oblongis ob-
sal :

R. lutea nigra Promv. nomencl. 24.

Hab. juxta flumen Missouri Americz septentrionalis
(v. v. c. hort. Sabine.)

In honorem cel. Josephi Woods qui primus veris Ro-
sarum characteribus ad species distinguendas usus
est,

ee

A low shrub with upright, dull, dark branches,
having very numerous, straight, slender, scattered

22 ROSA WOODSII.

prickles, with a few setz at their base, the former be-
coming stipulary towards the extremities ; branchlets
often unarmed. Leaves without pubescence ; stipules
very narrow and acute, convolute and fringed with
glands; stalks armed with straight unequal prickles ;
leaflets 7-9, shaped like those of R. rubella, shining,
flat, simply serrated, paler beneath. Flowers pink,
appearing in the spring. Fruit naked, ovate, with
short, connivent, entire sepals which are free from
glands as is the peduncle.

As it is scarcely probable that any new British rose
will be detected, worthy of bearing the name of Mr.
Woods, of whose high merit I have already had occa-
sion to speak, the present species has been selected by
Mr. Sabine and myself for that purpose. That it is
essentially distinct from every other is very evident
even from the incomplete account I have been able to
give of it. I first saw it growing in Mr. Sabine’s gar-
den at North Mimms late in the month of November;
most of the leaves had fallen, but a few heps still re-
mained on the bush. Its habit without foliage bears
more resemblance to that ofa stunted cimmamomea than
to any thing else. In character it approaches R. caro-
lina, particularly in the remarkable convolution of sti-

From this its numerous ramifications, weak
prickles and short shining leaves sufficiently distinguish
it. It moreover flowers in the spring and has naked
fruit with conniving sepals.

_ Tam assured by Mr. Sabine that this is the plant
which was sent to France from a nursery here as a new
American Rose with black and yellow flowers, and no-
ticed as such in Promville’s book.

Said to be a native of the country near the Mis-
_souri.

Se

SY Baits.

Sas

ROSA CAROLINA, 23

15. ROSA earolina. Tab. 4.

R. stipulis convolutis, foliolis lanceolatis, sepalis pa-
tentibus.

carolina Linn! sp. 703. Willd. sp. 2.1069. Lawr.
Ros. t.24? Ait! kew, ed. alt. 3.260. Pers. syn.
2.48. Pursh! am. septr.n. 8. Smith? in Rees in
loc. Redout. ros. 1. 81. t. 28.

virginiana Du Roi harbk. 2. 353. Réssig. ros.
oi; iS

"a

corymbosa Ehr! beit. 4.21. Muhl. cat. 50.
pennsylvanica Michaux boreali-am. 1, 296.

R. caroliniana Big! bost. 121.

R. hudsoniana Redout. ros. 1. 95. ¢. 35.

&. florida, foliis impubibus tenerioribus.

R. florida Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169.

R. enneaphylla Rafin. Schm. précis des découvertes ?
quoted in Desv. journ. 4. 26

Hab. in palustribus Novanglia Virginiam usque (Pursh.)
(v. s. sp. & v. cult.)

R.

R. palustris Marsh. arb. 135. Donn! cant. ed. 8. p.
169.

R.

R.

From 2 to 8 feet high. Branches erect, green or
red brown, with twin or solitary straight prickles under
the stipulae; the arms of the rootshoots are more
dense and soon become setz. Leaves opaque; stipule
unusually long, narrow, inflected and folded together
except at the end, which is spreading, naked unless at
the edge which is toothed and sometimes fringed.
Petioles downy, and armed with little prickles ; leaflets
7, lanceolate, finely and simply serrate, above naked,
and dark green, becoming discoloured towards the au-
tumn, beneath downy and somewhat glaucous. Cymes
one or many flowered, appearing after the summer

24 , ROSA CAROLINA.

heats are past; bractee lanceolate, very concave,
pointed, downy at the back; peduncles hispid, as is all
the calyx, of which the tube is spherical and usually
coloured, the sepals entire, with a very long narrow
point and cottony edge; petals concave or flat, usually
longer than the sepals, and deep red, crumpled; disk
not very apparent; sfyles villous. Fruit scarlet, round,
hispid, not losing the sepals till it is quite ripe.

Shrubberies are often enlivened, where few other
flowers are to be seen, by the copious crimson bloom
of this very pretty plant. In its native marshes it is
exceedingly variable, in height, size, shape and pubes-
cence of leaves and number of flowers; nor is it much
less disposed to sport when cultivated. Its most com-
mon state is to be about six feet high with very nume-
rous flowers and rather short peduncles. When the
latter are lengthened a little, with a corresponding in-
crease in their number, it becomes the R. corymbosa
of Ebrhart. If its size is greater and its shoots paler
than usual, it is R. palustris. An increase of pubescence
makes it R. pennsylvanica. Sometimes, when the plant
is unusually luxuriant, the ends of the shoots have no
prickles, and then it is Rosa hudsoniana.

Variety 6 has a diseased appearance, and is easily
distinguished by the membranous texture of its leaves
and their want of pubescence.

ROSA BLANDA. 25

16. ROSA blanda.

R. elatior, armis deciduis, foliolis oblongis planis :
petiolo piloso.

R. blanda 6 Solander MSS!

R. blanda dit! kew. 2. 202. Willd. sp. 2. 1065.
Smith! in Rees in lL. sites

Hab. in Americe septentrionalis ora occidentali, Men-
zies. sinu a a herb. Banks (v. s. sp. herb.
Banks & Smith

Branches armed with scattered, pale, unequal, de-
ciduous, straight prickles and seta. Leaves dull; sti-
pules large, elliptical, rounded at the end and fringed
with glands ; sta/ks unarmed, downy ; leaflets 5-7, lan-
ceolate, or more usually oblong, simply serrated, naked
above, downy at the rib beneath. Flowers large, re d,
solitary ; peduncle and calyx unarmed: tube roundish ;
sepals ovate, pointed, entire.

Although this has been long cultivated, living
plants have. never fallen in my way. The specimens
from which my description has been drawn up, exist in
the Banksian herbarium. From original documents in
that invaluable collection, it appears that when the
first edition of Hortus Kewensis, in which this was es-
tablished, was published, Dr. Solander’s manuscripts
were consulted, who had two different things before
him. One of these was R. frazinifolia, which he
inarks as R. blanda; and the other the present species,
which he considered a variety. It so happened, how-
ever, that the character given in the Hortus Kewensis
was of that variety, which has therefore been univer-
sally understood as the true plant; and the original
blanda, figured, I may observe, by Jacquin as such,
has almost as genérally been known under other
names, as will be shown in the next species. No

E

*

26 ROSA FRAXINIFOLIA.

figure has been published of the plant before us, and
on that account I should certainly have given one from
dried specimens, had I not thought it better to trust
to its again making its appearance in a fresh state,
since there is little doubt of its still existing in this
country.

I have never seen the prickles red, as they are said
to be by Sir James Smith. Possibly he described them
from Miss Lawrance’s figure, which looks like R.
nitida.

Mr. Menzies found this on the north-west coast of
N. America, and specimens gathered in Hudson’s Bay
are in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks.

Seitnnenien:’<ceammamiemel

17. ROSA fraxinifolia.

R. elatior inermis, ramis strictis glaucescentibus, fo-
liolis opacis undulatis impubibus.

R. virginiana Mill. dict. n. 10.

R. fraxinifolia Bork. holz. 301. Gmel. bad. als, 2. 413.
Ker in bet. reg. t. 458.

R. blanda « Solander! MSS. Jacq. fragm. 70. ¢.
105.

R. a Seen, Bosc. dict. Gagr ? Desf. cat. hort. par.

2?

R. alpina 6 Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3. 265.
R. ovina levis Redout. ros.1. 57. t.19. (Lawr. ros.
t. 75.) |

Hab. in Terra nova, herb, Banks. (v.v.c. et s. sp. herb.
Banks.)

In appearance and size resembling R. cinnamomea.
Branches erect, unarmed, dark purple, covered with a

=

ROSA FRAXINIFOLIA. 27

pale blue, waxen bloom; rootshoots with a few weak
setiform prickles at their base. Leaves opaque, entirely
free from pubescence ; stipule broad, much dilated to-
wards the extremities, flat, sérvnlnges petioles un-
armed ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, simply serrate, grayish
green above, glaucous beneath. Flowers small, red,
in few flowered cymes; bractee elliptical, naked,
fringed and_ toothletted ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves; tube of the calyx depressedly globose, gray—
these last quite naked ; sepals ovate, entire, with a long
point, hispid at the back ; petals obcordate, somewhat
converging; disk not distinct; styles villous. Fruit
small, round or ovate, dull pale red, naked.

I have already attempted to explain why this, the
original R. blanda, should not now be distinguished by
that appellation. In determining on another for it, I
have thought it right to take the oldest, excepting Mil-
ler’s, for Shick probably no one will contend. The
description of Bosc’s R. corymbosa answers so closely
to this species, that I have few doubts of the propriety
of citing it here. So little reason was there to Sepp ose
this to be a variety of R. blanda, that, in the last edi
tion of the Hortus Kewensis, it sae actually been ak
sidered not distinct from R. alpina,

Gathered in Newfoundland by Sir Joseph Banks.

The want of prickles distinguishes this from most
of the section. R. blanda when unarmed, as it often
is, is readily known by the downy stalks of its leaves.
Cinnamomea in a similar state may be recognised by
the same character, with the addition of the majority
of its leaves and its stipules being inflexed at the edge,
not reflexed.

28 ROSA CINNAMOMEA.

18. ROSA cinnamomea. Tab. 5

R. elatior cinerea, ramis strictis, aculeis stipularibus

- rectiusculis, stipulis dilatatis undulatis, foliolis ob-
longis rugosis subtus tomentosis.

« foliolis (ovalibus) obtusis.

R. minor, &c. Bauh, hist. 2.38. .

R. cinnamomea Bes/. eyst. vern. ord. 6. fol. 5.

R. cinnamomea Lin! sp. 703. Willd. sp. 2.1065. All.
ane 2. 138. Monch. meth. 687. Lawr. ros. >
34. eb. taur. cauc. 1.393. Gmel. bad. als.
411. Schranck monac. c. ic. Pohl. bohem. 2. soa.
Ait! Tego. ed. alt. 3.259. Pers. syn. 1.47. Eng.
bot ! ¢. 2388. Smith! in Rees in 1. Rau enum.
52a& 8. Woods! in act. linn, 12.175. Redout.
ros. 1. 105, t. 37, 133. ¢. 51.

R. nd pe ayn oe Munch. hausv. 5. 279. Du Roi!

arb. 2, 343. ae deutsch. fl. 175. Brot. lus.
i. 339. Fl. dan. t. 1214. Roth. germ. 2. 557.

R. majalis Herm. a: 8. Desf. atl.-?

3 fluvialis—foliolis (oyatis) acutis.

R. fluvialis Fl. dan. t. 868. Retz. scand. 120. Pers.
syn. 1. 47.

R. arvensis Linn. fide Afzelii.

Hab. in Dania, (fl. dan.) ; Belgia (Hoffmann); Lusitania
(Brotero) ; Germania (Roth) ; Helvetia, Schleich-
cher, Hooker ; Gallia, Decand.; Bohemia (Pobl) ;
Caucaso (Bieb.) ; 8 in ‘See (fl. dan.) ; Helvetia

ooker (v. v. c. & 8. sp

¥ gray shrub 5 or 6 feet high. Branches erect in
the single var. more diffuse and weak in the double
sort, deep red-brown, usually armed with a pair of
strong pale brown, straightish prickles under the sti-

aa ee ee | nn yen ee ene nt ee mmmauerunere
— SS Ae A EN RH

a Ne Rt ‘tna — Pn

Make Ds,

ROSA CINNAMOMEA. 29

pulz ; rootshoots more densely prickly and setigerous.
Leaves close together; stipule broad, rugose, concave,
red at the edge and middle and somewhat fringed, a
little hairy ; petioles slender, downy, unarmed ; leaflets
5, rarely 7, lanceolate, simply serrated, rugose, opaque,
smooth and gray above, downy and cesious beneath,
concave in the single, flat in the double plant. Flowers
solitary, or two and three together, pale or bright red,
small, single or double; bractee large, somewhat
downy, rugose, concave, cesious, tinged with red at
the edge and axis ; peduncles, round; tube of the calyx,
and sepals, quite unarmed; the latter very narrow,
longer than the petals, spreading in the flower, con-
verging in the fruit, cottony at the edge; petals con-
cave, obcordate ; disk obscure ; styles very villous, dis-
tinct. Fruit round, naked, crimson, covered with a
delicate waxen appearance, crowned by the converging
sepals.

This, on the authority of a plant found in the wood
in Aketon pasture near Pontefract, has been considered
a native of Britain, but I fear without sufficient reason.
It is common over the greater part of Europe, growing
in thickets and flowering early in the spring ; but it is
much more common in the middle and southern coun-
tries than in the northern ones, where it is scarcely
found, its place being occupied in those regions by R.
majalis, a very distinct thing, although hitherto consi-
dered only a variety. From this difference in geogra-
phical distribution, I suspect R. majalis of Desfon-
taines, found wild in the north of Africa, to be the
cinnamomea. Linnzeus certainly confounded the two,
as appears from his herbarium, where they both exist
marked with the same name. The plant, however,
which he had before him, when the second edition of
Species plantarum was written, is unquestionably this
cinnamomea in a single state from the Upsal garden.
The other was added afterwards, and may have been
from wild plants in Sweden. Dr. Afzelius, in his first
Tentamen, gives it as his opinion that the R. spinosissima
of Linnzus is a sort of cinnamomea, not however ex-

30 ROSA CINNAMOMEA.

plaining which sort he means; but this cannot be, for
in Flora Suecica, ed. 2, the fruit is expressly said to be
black, which is always the case with our spinosissima
and never with any individual of this division.

The double variety is much more common than the
single and has altogether a different aspect ; the shoots
are not strong and upright, but weak and wiry, and
the leaves are flat, not concave. YetI have no inform-
ation of this in a single state, and therefore suspect
these characters to have some connexion with the mon-
strosity in the flowers; and possibly the one would
disappear with the other.

Mr. Wood rightly observes that R. cinnamomea of
Roth is R. lutea bicelor.

Of R. fluvialis of Flora Danica I have specimens
collected in Switzerland by Mr. Hooker. It seems to
be a smaller plant, the leaves are shorter and the
prickles less than in the common sort : the flowers too
are of a deeper red. It has small pretensions to be a
Species ; but may possibly be an intermediate state be-
tween R. cinnamomea and majalis, agreeing with the
latter in size and shape of leaves, but in every other
essential respect with the former.

KR. cinnamomea of Hermann is spinosissima.

ROSA TAURICA. 31

19. ROSA taurica.

R. elatior cinerea, aculeis sparsis debilibus, ramis
strictis apicem versus inermibus, foliolis oblongis
rugosis subtus villosis, sepalis compositis, stylis por-
rectis glabriusculis.

R. taurica Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 394. Poir. enc. bot.
suppl.

Hab. in dumetis Tauris, Steven.

With the habit of R. cinnamomea; from which it
differs in having the leaves more villous beneath and
less glaucous; the petioles armed with numerous little
prickles ; the segments of the calyx shorter, some of
them divided at the base; styles half as long as the
stamens, pubescent only at the base and under the
stigmas, otherwise naked; peduncles often in pairs,
sometimes solitary or three together. The round tube
of the calyx and the peduncles smooth; stem arm
with recurved prickles. Bieberstein.

Native of northern Asia, and only known from the
description of Marschall von Bieberstein. It seems,
however, well distinguished from its congeners by its
compound sepals and exserted, smooth styles.

32 ROSA DAVURICA.

20. ROSA davurica.

R. elatior ramosissima, ramis tenuibus coloratis, aculeis
stipularibus patentissimis subrecurvis, stipulis li-
ringed er oblongis rugosis subtus tomentosis
alté serr

R. davuriea ai ross. 61.

Hab. in Davuriz et Mongolix transalpine apricis et
betuletis, cum Spiraea chameedrifolia, oe: copio-
sissima et simul florens Junio (Pall.)

Often five feet high, erect, much branched, with
slender, rigid, brownish, smooth branches, and stipu-
lary, twin, spreading, a little recurved, grey prickles.
Stipules narrow, toothletted; petioles downy, unarmed;
leaflets 7, nearly equal, lanceolate, entire at the base,
the serratures increasing in depth towards the end,
some nearly blunt and crenate, others acute, all pubes-
cent beneath. Peduncles smooth, involucrated by a
leaf and bractea; sepals downy at the edge, with a
narrow foliaceous end, somewhat longer than the petals.
Petals deep red, entire, large. Fruit red, ovate.
Pallas.

The specimens in Pallas’s herbarium answer by no
means to this, but seem to be rather of a variety of
R. reversa. It must therefore remain in the obscurity
in which I find it. Had Pallas given his usual atten-
tion to Roses, I should have thought it probable this
might be cinnamomea, to which it is certainly very
near and which he does not mention; although there
is no doubt of its growing in the countries he visited.
But the characters given above seem sufficient to dis-
tinguish it, especially the long spreading prickles and
narrow stipules.

ROSA ARISTATA. $8

21. ROSA aristata.

R. foliis superioribus sub-bijugis, petiolo in spina pro-
ducto.

R. aristata Picot Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 105. Hist. 285.
Hab. juxta Baréges, (Lapeyr.).

Stem with few prickles. Petioles usually unarmed ;
leaflets obovate, oblong, toothed, glaucous and smooth
above, woolly beneath; upper leaves with no terminal
leaflet, being furnished in its stead with a strong
spine, which is the extremity of the footstalk elongated
(and indurated?). Flowers solitary, purplish; pe-
duncles, tube of the calyx which is round, and the sepals,
hispid ; petals shorter than the sepals. Lapeyr. 1. c.

I have not been able to meet with that part of La-
peyrouse’s Flora of the Pyrenées in which this Rose is
figured. From his description it is R. cinnamomea in
every respect except having the stalk of the upper
leaves lengthened out into a spine. Whatever it be,
whether a monstrous or natural appearance, the above
character is sufficient to indicate it. ‘Those who have
materials must judge.

34 ROSA MAJALIS.

22. ROSA majalis,

R. humilior cesia ramis strictis coloratis, aculeis
Sparsis subzequalibus, stipulis ete foliolis ob-
longis planis subtus glaucis tomentos

R. majalis Retz. obs. bot. 3. 33. Wahl! tom 141.

R. mutica F/. dan. t. 688.

R. spinosissima Gorter. ingr. 78.

R. collincola Ehr. beitr. 2. 70.

8 canescens, foliis albido-ceesiis.

Hab. in Suecia, dfz. Swartz; Lapponia, (Wahl.);
ae (fl. dan.); 6 in Suecia Afz. Swartz. (v. v.

c. & s. sp.)

Three or four feet high, very glaucous. Branches
erect, virgate, with slender, straight prickles, either
scattered or under the stipulz: rootshoots beset with
very dense, pale, straight, nearly equal prickles and
setae. Stipule narrow, incurved, naked, with a short
end which is sometimes rounded ; petioles somewhat
downy and glandular, with a few weak, pale, straight
prickles ; leaflets usually 7, oval or obovate, obtuse,
simply serrated, flat, very smooth, glaucous on both
sides but especially beneath, where they are also a little
downy. Flowers solitary, small, cyathiform, pale red;
bractee solitary, oval, concave, pointed, naked; pe-
duncle and calyx quite naked: tube round, small;
sepals subsimple, pointed, longer than the petals :
these emarginate; disk obscure ; styles distinct. Fruit
orange-red, spherical, naked, crowned by the sepals,
which are scarcely longer than itself.

This species is confined to Sweden and Denmark,
where it appears to be a very common plant. Its cha-
racters are clear and its habit widely different from that
of R. cinnamomea, with which it has been confounded.

Fat: 0

Ee NT aD Oe ree em itt ae ee ey ee eee ee TO ay art ean cee ee

ROSA MACROPHYLLA. 35

From specimens communicated to Mr. Hooker it ap-
pears that Swartz had intended to divide this into three
species, which he called citnmamomea, cinerea and turbi-
nella, Their appearance is very similar, nor have I
been able to detect sufficient marks of discrimination.

No other figure than that in Flora Danica has been
given of this pretty Rose.

23. ROSA macrophylla. Tab. 6.

R. inermis, foliis longissimis, petiolis parcé glandulosis
foliolisque lanceolatis subtus lanatis, sepalis angus-
tissimis petalis apiculatis longioribus.

Hab. in Gossam Than Wallich. (v. s. sp. in herb.

Banks.)

Branches unarmed? reddish brown. Stipule con-
cave, dilated, falcate, acute, coloured, naked; petioles
sometimes nine inches long, densely cottony, unarmed,
with a few glands immersed in the down; leaflets 5-11,
lanceolate, flat, veined, simply serrated, the serratures
pointed, deep green tinged with purple and naked on
the upper surface, white with down on the under.
Bractec tinged with red, of a thin substance, lanceo-

_ late, very large and long, nearly entire, naked except

the rib, which is hairy on both sides; peduncles villous
with a few unequal setz, coloured; tube of the calyx
oblong, naked; sepals very long, narrowly triangular,
simple, dilated and toothed at their extremities, hoary
with a coloured back; petals obovate, with a little point,
rather shorter than the sepals, blush coloured ; anthers
oblong, rather large; disk very broad, a little elevated
at the orifice; ovaries 28, very hairy; styles pilose, ex-
serted, *distinct. ‘
F

36 ROSA MACROPHYLLA.

One of the. recent acquisitions sent from Gossam
Than to Sir Joseph Banks by Dr. Wallich.

It differs from R. alpina in the shape of its stipules
and great bractez, besides having a great deal of down
on its leaves, which are the longest I have ever seen.
It can be confounded with nothing else, and may be
considered the connecting link between this division
and the next.

Div. V. Pimpinellifolie. Setigercee armis confertis
subconformibus, v. inermes; ebracteatz (rarissimé
bracteatz). Foliola ovata, v. oblonga. Sepala con-
niventia, persistentia. Discus subnullus.

This division is essentially different from the last in habit,
although in artificial characters it must be confessed they nearly
approach each other; and perhaps too nearly. It may however
be distinguished by the greater number of leaflets, which vary
from 7 to 13 and even 15, instead of from 5 to 7, and are usually’
ovate, rarely oblong, and never lanceolate; the flowers are uni-

y without bractez except in R. alpina, Sabini and perhaps

marginata. ‘These having connivent, permanent sepals, cannot
be confounded with the prec nor, on account of their thin
disk, with the following division. R. Woodsii of the last group

differs from its congeners in the shape of its leaves, as does, but

in a less degree, R. cinnamomea 8; but both of them have stipu-

lary prickles, of which there is no instance in the present tribe.
Obs. In all, the pericarps have an uneven surface.

ROSA ALPINA. 37

24, ROSA alpina.

R. inermis, fructu elongato pendulo: pedunculo his-
pido.

R. pir preecox fi. simplici. Best, eyst. vern. ord. 6.
al. 5.

R. alpina Linn! sp. 703. Jacq! austr. 3. 43. t. 279.
All, pedem. 2. 139. Willd. sp. 2. 1075. Lawr.
ros. : 30. Decand. fil. fr. 4. 446. 536. Pers.
syn. 2.49. Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3.265. Smith! in
Rees. ink. Lindley in Bot. reg. t. 424.

R. rupestris Crantz. austr. 85.

R. monspeliaca Gouan monsp. 255.

R.n. 1107. Hall. helv. 2. 41.

R. inermis Mill. dict. n. 6. Turr. diar. act. 128.

R. hybrida Vill. dauph. 3. 554.

R. lagenaria Vill. Ll. c.553. Willd. sp. 2.1075. Smith
in Rees in l.

R. biflora Krock. stiles. 2. 157.

@ pyrenaica calycis tubo pedunculogue hispidulis.

R. pyrenaica Gouan illustr. 31. t. 19. Willd. = 2.
1076. Decand. fl. fr.4. 446. Pers. syn. 2. 49.
Smith in Rees in l. alpina Jacq. ja Ba 4.
t. 416.

R. hispida Krock. siles. 2.152. Pohl bohem. 2. 174.

R. turbinata Vill. dauph. 3. 550?

R. alpina 3. Decand. fl. fr. 6. 536.

y pendulina foliolis pluribus cauleque coloratis.

R, pendulina Linn. herb. — kew. ed. 1. Wiild. sp.
2. 1076. wh gat yn 2. i eee ros. t. “nese

R. alpina pendulina Redoutes ros. 1. 57. ¢. 17.

3 pimpinellifolia omnibus partibus minor.

R, pimpinellifolia Vill. dauph. 3. 553.

R, glandulosa Bellard. in act. tawr. 1790. p. 230.

38 ROSA ALPINA.

R. pygmza Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 397?

R. pyrenaica 6 Smith in Rees in 1.

Hab. in alpibus Austriz, (Jacq.); Gallize australis
montosis, Gouan. Decand.; Silesiz, (Krocker) ;
Bohemiz, (Pohl); Delphinatus, (Villars); sed
preecipue Helvetize copiosissimé Hooker ; ubi alti-
tudinem 6000 pedum attingit, nec infra 2600 inve-
nitur, (Wahlenb.): in montibus Carpathicis ad
Fagi limites, Helvetize Abietis (vix ultra) crescere
desinit, (Wahl.). (v. v. c. et s. sp. comm. cel.
Hooker.)

Seven or eight feet high. Branches nearly erect,
greenish brown, usually with a glaucous hue, unarmed,
or (very rarely) furnished with a few weak prickles at
the very base of the rootshoots ; and these have been
noticed to exist even on the branches. Stipula narrow,
dilated at the end, naked, fringed with glands; petioles
with scarcely any hairs, densely glandular and seti-
gerous ; leaflets 5-9, of a thin substance, ovate, acute
at each end, doubly and coarsely serrated, naked, the
rib beneath sometimes rough with minute prickles.
Flowers erect, blush coloured, solitary ; peduncles un-
armed, or hispid; tube of the calyx smooth or hispid,
ovate, very long; sepals erect, narrow, simple, with a
long point, dilated at the end which extends beyond
the petals, on the outside hairy and naked, or rough if
the tube be so; petals obcordate, concave; disk de-
pressed, broad; styles villous, distinct. Fruit orange-
red, oblong or obovate, with a long neck, crowned by
the converging sepals, generally pendulous.

I believe most authors are agreed about the greater
art of the numerous synonyms adduced to this plant.
ts great abundance in the countries where it grows,

and the various situations in which it has been found,
have led many into the error of forming as many species
out of it as it assumes appearances. Thus R. hybrida
of Villars is chiefly characterized by its entire petals ;
lagenaria of the same author rests upon the authority
of a single plant found in the district of Embrun,

ROSA ALPINA. 39

among the woods of Boscodon, with longer fruit than
usual; and in the R. biflora of Krocker not a single
character can be discovered for even the pretence of a
species. Sir James Smith rightly removes the var. @
of the Hortus Kewensis from this, but is unfortunate
in the place he assigns it.

My variety 6 may be known by its hispid fruit. M.
Decandolle, who considered it a species in the first
part of his Flore Francaise, has retracted that opinion
in his supplement, where it stands as R. alpina 9.
Jacquin’s figure, as usual, is excellent.

Var. y. Under my next species but one I shall
have occasion to notice Linnzus’s Rosa pendulina.
This is the plant of his herbarium and of our gardens,
Its coloured leaves and stem, and disposition to produce
more leaflets than the common sort, with darker flowers,
are not sufficient peculiarities to entitle it to rank as a
species. Nor can I perceive how its fruit, being “ pen-
dulous, scarlet, smooth and shining, remarkably elon-
gated, beaked and curved,” will distinguish it from R.
alpina of the Alps, as is observed in Rees’s Cyclopedia.

From the characters of Villars and Bellardi, it has
been generally thought that the R. pimpinellifolia of
the former and glandulosa of the latter were scarcely
distinct from alpina. This has been already noticed by
Sir James Smith, and I have much pleasure in agreeing
with him on the propriety of uniting them to the same
species as R. pyrenaica of Gouan. Decandolle has,
however, in his supplementary volume to the Flore
Francaise, separated them widely from that plant, and
I know not on what authority, applied to them a de-
scription of something evidently belonging to R. rubi-
ginosa. R. pygmea of the learned author of Flora
Taurico-Caucasica, to which R. alpina of some index
of Pallas is quoted, appears to be either the dwarf
mountain state of that species or a variety of rubella,
on account of his describing the “ swmmi ramuli flori-
Feri hispiduli.”. However this may be, I cannot doubt
the alpina of Pallas’s Flora Rossica belonging to the
next species. . .

40 ROSA RUBELLA.

25. ROSA rubella.

R. armis confertis zqualibus, fructu elongato pendulo.

R. pendula Roth. germ. 2. 561.

R. alpina Pall. ross. 61.

R. rubella Eng! bot. t. 2521. Smith’? in Rees in 1.
Woods! in act. linn, 12. 177.

R. polyphylla Willd. enum. suppl. 37.

@ melanocarpa fructu nigro-fusco breviore.

Hab. in Anglia, Smith, Winch; Germania, (Roth) ;
Sibiria copios? ab Uralensi jugo usque in Dayu-

riam: in campis Isetensibus: ad Obum, Irtin et
Jeniscam, (Pallas). (v. v. c. et s. sp.)

Branches erect, reddish, 3 or 4 feet high, covered
all over as far as the extremities with nearly equal
weak setze and prickles. Stipule dilated towards their
extremities, eroded at the edge and fringed with glands,
naked ; petioles sparingly glandular, without hairs, as
are the leaflets, which are 7-11, almost flat, oval,
pointed, simply serrated, or neatly so, dark green
above, paler beneath. Flowers solitary without bracteze,
pale or deep red; peduncles hispid; tube of the calyx
less so; sepals erect, entire, rough, shorter than the

etals, which are concave and emarginate; disk not
thickened. Fruit pendulous, long, ovate, scarlet,
crowned by the converging, shorter sepals.

This is probably one of the things confounded by
Linnzus under the name of pendulina. Of Dr. Roth’s
—- there can be no doubt, as there is no other

uropean Rose any way answering to his character. I
am also persuaded that Pallas had this chiefly in view
when describing his R. alpina, although it is possible
he had the true plant in contemplation also.
of it he says, it varies according to situation with

ROSA RUBELLA. 41

smooth and prickly stems and petioles; the prickles
being capillary but dense; all which answers well
enough to rubella, but by no means to alpina. Thus,
if my conjectures be correct, it was noticed long before
it was discovered in England and published in English
Botany as new, but with a very erroneous account of it.
What is said in Rees’s Cyclopedia about the inflexed
calyx is equally applicable to R. spinosissima; and I
fear the observation of Mr. Backhouse, that the leaves
fold together at night, must have originated in mistake,
as I never have been able to discover such a disposition
in any of the genus, although I have repeatedly watched
or it.

Mr. Woods first remarked that the stems and
branches covered with setz, intermixed with a very
few aculei, sufficiently distinguish it from R. spinosis-
sima. To this Imust add the long red pendulous fruit,
which that gentleman had not seen. From R. stricta
it is more difficult to discriminate it. Their principal
differential characters I shall notice under that species.

R. polyphylla of the supplement to Willdenow’s
enumeratio, for an opportunity of consulting which I am
obliged to my friend Mr. Ker, appears to differ in no
respect from this, and the R. suavis of the same work
seems equally referable to my R. stricta.

Variety @ is just intermediate between R. rubella
and spinosissima. I procured it from Mr. Lee’s nursery,
under the name of rubella.

ay

42 ROSA STRICTA. :

26. ROSA stricta. Tab. 7.

ramosissima, ramulis inermibus, fructu elongato
pendulo.

sanguisorbae majoris folio, fructu longo pendulo ex
nova anglia Dill. elth. 325. t. 245. f. 317.
virginiana Herm. diss. 19?

pendulina Linn. sp. 705.

stricta Muhl. cat. 50.

R. carolina ¢ Ait. kew. ed. alt. 3.260.° Lawr. ros. t.
36. (pessima).

R. suavis Willd. enum. suppl. 37 ?

Hab. in Americ septentrionalis Novanglia, (Dille-
-_ nius); Pennsylvania, (Muhl.). (v.v. ¢ )

tS i

Branches erect, three or four feet high, pale green,
covered all over with small, weak, nearly equal sete,
except at the extremities, which are unarmed, like the
very numerous, slender branchlets. Leaflets 9-11,
roundish, of a firm texture, the lowest pair smaller than .
the rest, glaucous. Flowers bright red. Fruit before
maturity speckled with is Ba spots. Otherwise
with the characters of R. rub

Notwithstanding the close resemblance between
this and the foregoing, I feel no hesitation in distia-
guishing them. R. rubella has drooping very weak
branches, surculi bending at the end, and hispid to
their extreme points; its leaves are green, fruit small,
ovaria from 12 to 18, pericarps ovate and somewhat
pointed. R. stricta, on the contrary, has nearly erect
branches and surculi and br anchlets without any his-
pidity: its leaves are somewhat glaucous, fruit large
and, before ripeness, covered with little pale blotches :
the ovaries are from 25 to 35, and the pericarps are
round, large, and much more hairy. Rubella frequently

ROSA STRICTA, 43

has aculei, stricta never. It may be urged that I have
in other instances rejected much better characters as
insufficient to distinguish species; and with apparent
reason. But when it is remembered that there is no
instance of a North American Rose being found in
Europe, and that this must form an exception, if it be
deemed not distinct from rubella, I shall have the im-
portant difference in geographical distribution in my
favour.

It has been known in this country ever since the
days of Dillenius, who raised it in Sherard’s garden
from seeds received from New England, and published
a figure of it in the splendid Hortus Elthamensis. From
not attending sufficiently to his description, much con-
fusion has arisen inits history, since his figure has been
cited by every one to a variety of a different species,
probably the offspring of cultivation; and thus my R.
alpina y has been pronounced a North American plant,
to the great perplexity of botanists of that country,
who have long sought for it in vain. To explain how
this has originated, it becomes necessary to trace the
history of the plant from its source.

The specimen of R. pendulina in the herbarium of
Linneus belongs decidedly, as I have observed already,
to the plant always known under that name in our
gardens. It is the end of a branchlet and not unlike
Dillenius’s figure. It does not appear from what
quarter he received it, and may therefore have been
known to him only in a dried state, which will suffi-
ciently explain the cause of his error in quoting the
Hortus Elthamensis. In the first edition of Species
Plantarum the specific phrase of .R. pendulina is “ fruc-
tibus oblongis pendulis,” which served to distinguish it
from the rest of his species, because he was not then
acquainted with R. alpina. But before the second edi-
tion appeared he acquired this last plant, and then it
became necessary to alter the character of pendulina to
“ germinibus ovatis glabris, pedunculis cauleq. hispidis,
petiolis inermibus, fructibus pendulis ;” which proves
beyond a doubt that he held the “ stipites innumeris

G 2

44 ROSA ACICULARIS.

spinis tenuibus et innoxiis deorsum flexis horridi” of
Dillenius, which are not found on the R. pendulina of
Aiton, to be essential to his species. In this state he
left it. In the first edition of Hortus Kewensis the
definition is altered to “inermis, germinibus oblongis,
pedunculis petiolisque hispidis, caule ramisque glabris,
fructibus pendulis,” clearly intended for the pendulina
of our gardens. From what cause this change was
made I cannot conjecture, for Dr. Solander, whose
manuscripts were certainly used in the genus, was well
aware of its not being the plant of Linnzus. Here ce
however, the mistake originated, and the justly high
authority of that excellent work has undoubtedly pre-
vented its being sooner detected.

27. ROSA acicularis. Tab. 8.

R. elatior, aculeis acicularibus ineequalibus, foliolis
glaucis rugosis convexiusculis, fructu obampullaceo
cernuo.

Hab. in Sibiria Bell. (v. v. ¢.)

About eight feet high, compact. Branches erect,
the younger glaucous, the adult ones brownish, clothed
with unequal, very slender straight prickles and a few
sete. Leaves dense, opaque, very glaucous; stipule
narrow, without hairs, fringed with glands, a little di-

lated at the end; petioles pale green, naked, or a little

pps slender, with very long joints ; leaflets about 7,

a very thin texture, oval, convex, a little rugose,
stints serrated, the teeth diver ging, nearly without
hairiness, very ceesious on their under side. Flowers
solitary, pale blush, fragrant; bractew ovate, convex,
naked, shorter than the naked peduncle; tube of the

a

ROSA ACICULARIS. AS

calyx naked, elliptical; sepals very narrow, somewhat
divided, hairy, thrice as long as the tube; petals obo-
vate, emarginate, spreading, shorter than the sepals ;
disk broad, a little elevated; styles hairy, distinct,
their ends exserted and spreading. Fruit obovate, with
a neck, yellowish orange, naked, somewhat oblique,
crowned with the connivent sepals, which are thickened
at their base.

An interesting addition to the spinosissima tribe,
introduced from Siberia by Mr. Bell. From plants
communicated by the late Mr. Donn to Mr. Sabine, it
appears to be the R. kamchatica of his Hortus Canta-
brigiensis. From the three preceding species inequality
of prickles distinguish it; it is readily known from the
rest by its greater size and glaucous, rugose leaves. In
the former respect it is surpassed, indeed, by R. Sabini,
but the strong prickles of that plant, which are falcate
when mixed with sete, and pugioniform when without
them, make it impossible that they should be con-
founded, not to mention their entire dissimilarity in
other respects.

It is the first Rose that comes into leaf, and at that
period is remarkable for the yellow, as it were blanched,
colour of the nascent leaves.

46 ROSA. SULPHUREA.

28. ROSA sulphurea.

—_—.

R. stipulis linearibus apice dilatatis sTearEatS, foliolis
glaucis planiusculis, tubo hemispherico

R. flava pleno flore Clus. cur. post. 6.

R. lutea maxima fl. pl. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 6. fol. 2.

R. lutea multiplex Park. parad. 417. n. 17. t. 415. f. 6
Ger. emac. 1267.

R. lutea flore pleno Raii hist. 1475. n. 31.

R. hemisphzerica Herm. diss. 18.

R. glaucophylla Ehr. beitr. 2. 69.

R. sulphurea dit. kew. 2. 201. Willd. sp. 2. 1065.

wr. ros. t. 77. Pers. syn. 1. 47. Gmel. bad.

als, 2.404. Ker regist.n. 46. Smith in Rees in é.
Redout. ros. 1. 29. #. 3

R. lutea Brot. lusit. 1. 337.
Hab. verosimiliter in Oriente (Clusius). (v. v. c.)

—_—_—

About four or five feet high, chiefly leafy at the ex-
tremities. Branches yellowish green, or brownish,
beset with unequal, scattered, pale prickles and sete ;
of the former the largest are falcate and the others
weak and nearly straight. Leaves of a dull glaucous
green; stipule narrow, flat, dilated, spreading, and
coarsely serrated at the extremities, quite free from
pubescence, as is every part of the leaf; petioles some-
what glandular, with a few pale, straight prickles ;
leaflets 7, obovate, flat, simply toothed, very czesious
beneath. Flowers very large, of an exquisitely deli-
cate, transparent yellow colour, always double ;
bractee none; peduncle and calyx either naked or
glandular ; twbe hemispherical.

This, by far the most splendid of the genus, has
never been heard of in a single state, nor even near it ;

, 4at-G,

Watts.

oe

ROSA LUTESCENS. 47

and its native country is still unknown. The earliest
information we have of it is from Clusius, who was first
acquainted with its existence from the inspection of
little, artificial, paper gardens, ornamented with shrubs
of different sorts, among which were double yellow
Roses. These, he ascertained, were brought from Con-
stantinople, and by means of some of his numerous
correspondents he quickly procured living plants, which
were probably the parents of those cultivated at this
day. Linnzeus must have been unacquainted with this
when he thought the yellow Rose the same as the
Sweet Briar.

Considerable difficulty is always experienced in
making this expand or even produce its magnificent
blossoms. I am informed by Sir Joseph Banks that he
has had it growing and flowering with the greatest

‘luxuriance when planted in the soil of a marsh. The

fine specimen from which Sydenham Edwards's excel-
lent figure in the Register was taken, came from Ox-
fordshire; and in such perfection was it, that a bud
was taken to one of the theatres by a lady and it opened
in her bosom in the course of the evening.

29. ROSA lutescens. Tab. 9.

R. armis ramorum confertissimis ineequalibus gracilibus
reflexis, ramulorum minimis subsequalibus, foliolis
planis impubibus simpliciter serratis.

R. hispida Curt. mag. ¢. 1570. (mala).

R. lutescens Pursh. am. septr. vol. 2. in suppl.

Hab. verosimiliter in Sibiria (v. v. ¢.)

A tall, stout, dark shrub. Branches erect, nearly
straight, dull brown, defended by innumerable very

48 ROSA LUTESCENS.

slender, unequal, pale brown, deflexed prickles and an
almost equal number of sete; branchlets without
prickles, but rough with glands and hairs. Leaves
dense, dark green, discoloured in the autumn, quite
free from pubescence ; stipulce very narrow, flat; pe-
tioles unarmed; leaflets 7-9, oval, flat, simply serrated.
Flowers pale yellow, solitary ; bractece none; peduncles
and calyx naked; tube ovate, much shorter than the
sepals, which are entire; disk not elevated; ovaries
about 30; styles villous, distinct. Fruit large, ovate,
black, with a fleshy stalk, crowned by the connivent,
short sepals; pericarps large, crimson, rugged.

Pursh was led into the error of including this in
his North American Flora from its being known in the
nurseries under the name of the Yellow American Rose,
for which there does not appear to be any authority. I
am much rather disposed to agree with the learned
editor of the Botanical Magazine, in considering it a
native of Siberia, with plants of which country its
habit certainly agrees, and not at all with those of N.
America. It appears to have been raised at Chelsea
by Mr. Fairbairn, and from the original, still there,
the plants of the gardens have most likely originated.
I may hope to be pardoned for preferring, for so obscure
a plant, the best of two names, although not the
oldest.

It is very distinct from R. spinosissima in its whole
appearance, especially in its stout, straight rootshoots
covered all over with bristle-shaped, dense prickles,
and in the purple colour of its leaves in the autumn.
The flowering shoots offer an excellent discriminative
character, as they differ entirely from the branches in
their arms, which are little more than tubercles tipped
with a weak bristle, so that they might without much
impropriety be considered rudiments of or imperfectly
formed prickles. The peculiarity, however, is constant.

———— SS tC cl rrtrr—CC—~—

eee eae oat” A

ROSA VIMINEA. 49

30. ROSA viminea.

R. ramis vimineis, armis setaceis confertissimis rectis
patentibus inzequalibus, foliolis membranaceis planis
impubibus simpliciter serratis.

Hab. in horto quodam academico legit P. S.
Pallas. (v. s. ¢. herb. Lambert.)

Branches long, very slender and wiry, quite unlike
those of R. spinosissima, armed with very dense, seta-
ceous, spreading, straight, unequal prickles and a few
sete. Leaves very long; stipules dilated at the end
and somewhat falcate; leaflets 5-7, oblong, simply ser-
rated, of a membranaceous texture ; petioles, peduncle
and calyx naked; tube ovate; ‘flowers very large.

For this Iam indebted to the liberality of A. B.

. Lambert, Esq. who received it with the rest of Pallas’s

splendid herbarium. Its native country is unknown.
From the ticket attached to the specimens, which is
scarcely legible, it seems to have been obtained from
some Botanic garden. It can be confounded with no-
thing but spinosissima or lutescens, from which its long,
weak, wiry shoots, clothed with very dense, setaceous
prickles distinguish it. I know no other Rose with
such an habit. Had it been caused by the plant grow-
ing in a shady close place, the shoots would not have
been covered with such dense arms, and the leaves
would have been further asunder. Its membranous fo-
liage will prevent any variety of R. spinosissima being
mistaken for it, whose texture is always very firm and
rigid. Luxuriant shoots of the latter have very strong,
usually falcate prickles ; weak ones have none. |

Ho. Bot. Ga arden.

H

50 ROSA SPINOSISSIMA.

31. ROSA spinosissima.

R. armis ineequalibus, foliolis planis impubibus simpli-
citer serratis.

R. dunensis. Dodon. stirp. hist. 187. t. 3.

Cynorrhodi species, &e. = Thal. sylv. herc. 35.

R. campestris odora. Clus. hist. 1. 116.

R. przecox spinosa fl. alb. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 6.
fol. 5.

R. campestris, &e. Bauh. pin. 483.

R. pimpinellie folio Ger. em. 1270.

R. pumila spinosissima, &e. J. Bauh. hist. 2. 40. 2.
Rati hist. \472. n. 15. syn. 455.

e pumila, armis horizontalibus, fructu ovato.

* pedunculo glanduloso v. setoso.

‘R. spinosissima Linn! fl. suec. 442. sp. pl. 491. ed. i
705. Herm. diss. 1762. Roth. germ. 1. 217. 2.
555. Willd. sp. 2.1067. Pers. syn. 2. 48. Bieb.
taur. cauc. 2. 395.

R. cinnamomea LHerm. diss. 7?

R. n. 1106. Hall. helv. 240.

R. chameerhodon Vill. dauph. 3. 555.

R. pimpinellifolia. $. Redout. ros. 1.119. t. 44.

* pedunculo nudo.

R. spinosissima Fl. dan. t. 398. Huds. angl. 218.
Bull. par. t. 277. All. pedem. 2.138. Lawr. ros.
tt.18.48. Smith? britt. 2.537. Eng! bot. t. 167.
Aiton ! kew. 3.259. Smith! in Rees inl. Woods!
in act. linn. 12. 178.

R. pimpinellifolia Linn! syst. nat. ed. 10. 1062. sp. zl.
703. Monch. meth. “ Rossig. ros. t. 9. 't. 2
f.2. Decand. fl. fr. 4. 438. Gmel. bad. als. 2.
415. Jacq. hayes te t. 107. f. 1. Redout. ros.
1..83. €.29, 85. £.3

hi os

ROSA SPINOSISSIMA. 51

R. seotica Mill. dict. n. 5.

R. collina Schrank baiers. fl. n. 774. fide Rau.

{ reversa, pumila, armis gracillimis: inferioribus de-
flexis, fructu ovato.

R. spinosissima Jacg. fragm. 79. t. 124? nana An-
drews’s roses ? reversa Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 431.

y platycarpa, pumila, fructu depresso et pedunculo
setoso.

3 pilosa, pumila, foliis acutis infra pilosis.

¢ turbinata, pumila, fructu turbinato.

€ Pallasii, elatior, armis subeequalibus confertis.

R. i re Pall! ross. 62. t. 75. < Redout. ros.

R. altaica Willd. enum. 543.

7 rossica, elatior, aculeis longis gracillimis.

3 islandica, elatior, aculeis maximis falcatis.

R. hibernica Hooker ! Iceland. in app.

: sanguisorbifolia, elatior, foliolis 9-11 oblongis, fructu
depresso-globoso.

R. sanguisorbifolia Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169.

Hab. « in montosis maritimisq. totius Europe copiose ;
etiam in Caucaso, (Bieberstein); y, 3, <« Hibernia,
Hooker ; 2 Rossia, Pallas ; Caucaso, (Bieb.) ; 7 Ros-
sia, Pallas; 3 Islandia, Hooker; (v. v.c. & s. sp.
¢ herb. Banks, 4 herb. Smith, 3 herb. Hooker.)

Obs. species quoad magnitudinem, fructuum superficiem et pe-
dunculorum miré varians. ami nunc subinermes, tortuosi,
aut stricti, nunc graciles, aculeatissimi; quo juniores, €o ar-
matiores. Varietas 9 facie diversissima est.

A dwarf, compact, dark (sometimes reddish) green
bush, with creeping roots. Branches short, stiff, much
divided, beset by very dense, unequal prickles and
sete; some of the former being usually falcate. Leaves
close together, quite free from pubescence; stipule
either narrow or dilated, eee: equal breadth; pe-

e¢

52 ROSA SPINOSISSIMA

tioles setigerous and prickly; leaflets about 7, bright
green, flat, simply serrated, orbicular or nearly so.
Flowers solitary, without bracteze, cyathiform, blush co-
loured; peduncles naked, or rough with glands and
setze, as are the sepals, which are short and entire;
tube ovate or nearly round, naked; pefals emarginate,
concave; disk not thickened; styles villous, distinct.
Fruit ovate or nearly round, black or dark purple,
crowned by the connivent or somewhat spreading sepals.

I have already given my reasons for differing from
Afzelius as to the propriety of considering the “ R. spi-
nosissima Linnzi prima et vera” to be A. cinnamomea.
And I am equally unable to agree with Mr. Woods,
that the pimpinellifolia of the Linnzan herbarium re-
sembles R. rubella. On the contrary, I do not hesitate
to pronounce it, as Sir James Smith has done long ago,
indisputably my R. spinosissima « The work of
Schrank cited for R. collina of that author I have been
unable to examine, and therefore depend upon Rau for
its accuracy. A. spinosissima of Gorter seems to be
a cinnamomea ; whilst the plant called by the last name
by Hermann must be spinosissima, on account of its
orbicular leaves and rough peduncles. The figures of
Bulliard and Flora Danica represent a very weak state
of it.

This can be confounded only with R. viminea and
grandiflora; from the first its stout, straight shoots
and strong prickles, and from the last the presence of’
numerous setz among the prickles of the branchlets,
‘distinguish it.

(© has the arms of the stem slender and reversed;
its leaves are very glaucous, and in the spring it is co-
vered all over with a profusion of snow-white flowers.
Possibly it may have some pretensions to be a species.
Its native country is unknown; unless the spinosissima
of Jacquin, found wild in Austria and figured in his
Fragmenta, should be the same; but the prickles are
horizontal. Otherwise they are much alike.

Varieties platycarpa, pilosa and turbinata are only

~

ROSA GRANDIFLORA. 53

known from specimens collected in Ireland by my
friend Mr. Hooker. Their characters sufficiently indi-
cate their particular differences. Pilosa can only be
distinguished from involuta by the simple serratures of
its leaves. It is very different nevertheless.

Pallasti grows in elevated plains and exposed pre-
cipices from the Northern part of the Altaic moun-
tains, extending through Siberia. Its more robust
habit and the approach to equal size in its prickles are
its chief features.

Rossica has exceedingly long slender prickles; it
exists in the extensive herbarium of Sir James Smith.

Islandica is the only Rose found in Iceland; its
strong vigorous shoots led Mr. Hooker into the error of
considering it Hibernica, which I believe has never been
discovered out of the neighbourhood of Belfast, where
it was first detected.

Sanguisorbifolia has a different appearance from
the rest. Its peduncles are very short, and its leaflets
unusually numerous. Native country unknown.

32. ROSA grandiflora.

R. setis ramorum nullis, aculeis subzequalibus distan-
tibus, foliolis planis impubibus simpliciter serratis.
R. pimpinellifolia Bieb. taur. cauc. 2. 394 ?

‘Hab. in Sibiria, Hort.; in Caucasi subalpini collibus

sterilibus? (Bieb.) (v. s. c. herb. Lyell, Sabine.)

It. is chiefly at the suggestion of Mr. Sabine that I

have been induced to distinguish this from R. spino-

sissima, They differ nearly in the same way as R. in-
voluta and Sabini, except that the latter is much more

54 ROSA NANKINENSIS.

gigantic even in its variety G6 than the present plant.
‘The chief points of difference between the latter and spi-
nosissima are its larger flowers and want of setze among
the prickles of the branchlets; characters which appear
to be constant here, although I have not admitted them
in uniting Sabint and Doniana. However this may be,
it is too remarkable a plant to escape notice, and if it
should hereafter be reduced to spinosissima, it must
stand as a distinct variety. I have little doubt, from
Bieberstein’s account, that his R. pimpinellifolia is this,
especially as he divides it from spinosissima, which so
accurate an observer would scarcely have done unless
his plants had actually been different.

Native of Siberia.

33. .-ROSA nankinensis.

R. pumila ramosissima, armis confertissimis, foliolis
acuminatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis aculeatis, petalis
apiculatis.

R. nankinensis Lour. coch. 324.

Sinan Sn i Sinarum et alibi, a Nankino oriunda.

ur,

Stems shrubby, stout, very much branched, six
inches long, prickly all over. Petioles prickly; leaflets
in three pairs with an odd one, ovate-oblong, acumi-
nate, ciliato-serrate, flat, sessile. Flowers pale red,
small, double; petals ovate-oblong, somewhat acumi-
nate, flat; peduncles hispid. Tube of the calyx ovate,
smooth: sepals partly prickly, partly naked. Fruit
neither large nor pyriform. Lour.

Known only from Loureiro. It appears to be allied
‘to the last species, differing in having acuminate leaf-
lets and prickly sepals. Can it be a congener of R.
Lawranceana ?

Iat- 10.

i

ie ak

ie

ipl Me

a

ml . i 5 Mak fl mi

cane ap

“ag,

Ve
mie ‘
a
BS

¥: Maddt. 5

ay Cog. wel,
2

3
4

a sie

ROSA MYRIACANTHA. 55

34. ROSA myriacantha. Tab. 10.

R. armis inzequalibus: majoribus pugioniformibus, foliis
glandulosis impubibus orbiculatis.

R, parvifolia Pall. ross. 62?

R. provincialis Bieb. taur..cauc. 1. 396?

R. myriacantha Decand. fl. fr. 4. 439.

Hab. in Ossetize dumetis? Pallas; Delphinatu, D. C. ;
juxta ar toa Requien (v. s. sp. herb. Hooker.
Lambert.)

A little stunted shrub with almost simple erect
shoots; which are brownish and defended by dense,
slender, unequal, straight prickles and sete. Leaves
chiefly about the ends of the shoots, without pubes-
cence ; stipules narrow, glandular at the back ; petioles
glandular and setigerous, now and then furnished with
a few little straight prickles; leaflets 5-7, elliptical or
orbicular, doubly serrated, beneath rusty with glands.
Flowers solitary, cup-shaped, ‘small, among the leaves,
without bractez; peduncle and calyx densely clothed
with glands and setz, except the upper part of the
globose tube; sepals reflexed after flowering, longer
than the unripe fruit; disk a little elevated: the pro-
truding ends of the styles and stigmas not very hairy.

This little plant has hitherto been found only in the
south of France, unless the synonym quoted from Pal-
las belongs to it. However, his account is too incom-
plete to enable us to determine it satisfactorily ; and
the very different habitats of the two will probably be
considered a material objection. It resembles in many
respects R. spinosissima in a stunted state. The glands
on its leaves appear sufficient to prevent their being
mistaken for each other

R. provincialis of Bieberstein answers precisely to
this, and confirms me in supposing that the synonym of
Pallas belongs to it.

56 ROSA INVOLUTA.

35. ROSA involuta.

e-)

. armis valde inequalibus confertissimis, foliolis duplé
serratis pubescentibus, petalis convolutis, fructu
aculeato.

. spinosissima Ménch meth. 687?

involuta Eng ! bot. t. 2068. Ait. kew. ed. alt.

260. Smith! in Rees in l. Woods! in act. linn. 12

R. nivalis Donn. cant. ed. 8. 170.

Hab. in montibus Scotize, Walker. (v.v. c. & s. sp.)

ee

Two or three feet high, compact, reddish gray.
Branches not much divided, erect, with very strong,
dense, unequal, straight prickles and sete and a cracked

tk. Leaves close together with a slight turpentine
smell when bruised; stipule narrow, somewhat con-
cave, acute, naked, but toothletted and fringed with
glands; petioles hairy, glandular and setigerous, a few
straight longer prickles being interspersed ; leaflets 5-7,
concave, ovate, acute or obtuse, doubly serrated, naked
above or nearly so and opaque, villous beneath with a
few pale glands, scarcely distinguishable from the sur-
Flowers solitary, without bractez, red and
white ; peduncle, spherical tube of the calyx and simple
sepals bristly all over with pungent setee and clammy
glands; petals obcordate, involute; disk a very little
elevated; unripe fruit crowned by the converging
sepals.

For the discovery of this the world is indebted to

r. Walker, who found it in the highlands of Scotland,
nor does it appear to have been observed elsewhere.
At least all the specimens I have seen from other
quarters marked R. involuta were decidedly either Sa-
bint or its variety Doniana. From these it is not very
easy to point out characters which will distinguish it
in a dried state. When growing, their appearance is:

ROSA REVERSA. BY

exceedingly dissimilar. R. tnvoluta is a little dark
bush, with involute petals and very dense prickles ; its
leaves usually naked or nearly so on their upper surface,
and its fruit never ripening in a cultivated state. R.
Sabini is, on the contrary, a tall plant from 5 to 10
feet high. When its prickles are mixed with setz the
largest of the former are falcate; when there are no
setze, they are straight. The leaves are hairy on both
sides, sometimes hoary, and the fruit usually comes to
perfection in the gardens.

36. ROSA reversa.

R. armis setaceis subzqualibus reflexis, foliolis dupli-
cato-serratis pubescentibus, fructu hispido

R. reversa Waldst. & Kitaib. hung. 3. 293. t. 264.

Hab. locis saxosis montium Matre, (W. & K.)

A shrub in its wild state two or three, in a culti-
vated five feet high and more. Stems much branched,
on their lower half covered with weak, brown, equal,
defiexed prickles (setze?) Leaves pale, yellow green ;
petioles furnished with sete; leaflets ovate, acute, finely
and doubly serrated, naked above, downy beneath:
the middle nerve is glandular. Flowers solitary, white
tinged with pink; stalks and calyx hispid; tube ovate ;
sepals nearly entire; petals emarginate concave. Fruit
ovate, dark purple, hispid, crowned by the sepals. W.
& K.

This was discovered in Hungary by Waldstein and
Kitaibel, who published a good figure of it in their fine
work on the rare plants of that country. It seems, as
far as can be ascertained from their account of it, to be
related to R. spinosissima on the one hand and to imvo-

I

58 ROSA MARGINATA.

luta on the other. From the former its doubly serrated
leaves and hispid fruit distinguish it, from the latter its
equal small prickles and black fruit. The figure indi-
cates a tendency of the petals to become involute; but
I know not whether it can be depended upon in such.a
case.

Among the plants of Sievers from Pallas now in the
possession of Mr. Lambert are specimens of a Rose
from Davuria marked R. davurica ; but probably by
accident, as they in no way answer to the description
of that plant in Flora Rossica. If they be not of a
distinct species, they must be referred to this, from
which they chiefly differ in the colour of their fruit,
which is not black, but red and smooth, in an unripe
State.

37. ROSA marginata.

R. pumila, ramis tortuosis junioribus pruinosis, foliolis
ovatis cordatis triplo serratis glaberrimis, sepalis
muricatis.

R. marginata Wallr. an. bot. 68.

Hab. in agrorum versuris sinistrorsim a Bennstiidt
(Wallr.).

A tortuous shrub 1-2 feet high, below protected by
a few prickles, above covered over by very dense

branchlets frosted. Stipule-and petioles smooth, glan-
dular ; leaflets ovate oblong, cordate at the base, of a
firm texture, above shining, deep green, very smooth
on both sides, thrice serrated, serratures edged with red
and glandular, Peduncles hispid with glands ; tube of
the calyx spherical, coloured, very smooth; sepals
nearly entire, dilated at the end, almost muricated

ROSA SABINI, 59

with glands. Petals blush-coloured, with yellow claws
and no scent. Fruit purplish. Wall. l. ec.

Differs from R. canina in having a dwarf stem in
every state; the prickles being straight, subulate and
copious ; the petioles and stipule glandular; leaflets
somewhat coriaceous, ovate-oblong with a cordate base,
thrice serrate and glandular, of a glaucous red;
flowers without scent; peduncles and sepals constantly
bristly with glands ; fruit ovato-globose, turgid and co-
loured. Wallroth.

From this description R. marginata should be a
very excellent species. But I nevertheless have some
fear that it may prove to be too nearly allied to R. ru-
biginosa, if they even be distinct. No one appears to
have seen it except Wallroth, who undoubtedly may be
depended upon for accuracy in describing the leaflets
as cordate; the only instance of that form in the
genus.

38. ROSA Sabini.

R. setis raris aculeisq. inzequalibus distantibus, foliolis
dupld serratis tomentosis, sepalis compositis.

R. Sabini Woods ’ in act. linn. 12. 188.

R. involuta Winch ! ess. geogr. 41.

{8 Doniana, setis subnullis, aculeis rectiusculis.

R. Doniana Woods ! 1. c. 12. 185. ‘

Hab. in Britannia septentrionali; @ etiam in Sussexia
Borrer (vy. v. c. & 8. sp.

Shrub 8-10 feet high. Branches erect, stout, dark
brown, armed with distant falcate prickles and. a few
setee. Leaves grey, distant; stipule narrow, fringed
with glands ; petioles downy, glandular, armed with

I ae

60 ROSA SABINI.

little prickles; leaflets 5-7, oval, doubly ser rate, flat,
hairy on both sides, a little glandalar beneath. Flowers
usually solitary, sometimes in great bunches; peduncles
and calyx very hispid; the tube round; sepals com-
pound. Fruit round, scarlet, hispid with setae.

By specimens from Mr. Winch I have ascertained
this to be his R. involuta. It is a charming plant;
and as it is by far the most interesting of our British
species, it has been with peculiar propriety dedicated
by Mr. Woods to our common friend Mr. Sabine.

It differs from R. involuta in being far more robust
and more strongly aculeated. The peduncles are soli-
tary or aggregate, and in the latter case furnished with
bracteze ; the sepals also are compound. It is so pre-
cisely intermediate between this division and the next,
that it might with equal reason be referred to either.
As it however is a British plant, and moreover con-
fessedly of the family of involuta, I have preferred
placing it in this division, notwithstanding its divided
sepals and somewhat thickened disk.

Doniana is more dwarf than the other, and has
straight prickles without setz on the branchlets.

Can this be after all a production of R. tomentosa
mollis ?

Div. VI. Centifolie. Setigeree, armis difformibus ;
bracteatze. Foliola oblonga v. ovata, rugosa. Dis-
cus incrassatus faucem claudens. Sepala composita.

This division comprises the portion of the genus
which has most particularly interested the lovers of
flowers. It is probable that the earliest Roses of which
there are any records, as being cultivated, belonged to
some portion of it; but to which particular species

DIV. VI. CENTIFOLLA. 61

those of Cyrene or Mount Pangzeus are to be referred
it is now too late to inquire. I may be allowed, how-
ever, to conjecture that they may all have descended
from a common stock, and, by long-continued cultiva-
tion, have been brought to assume those appearances
on which botanists rely for their differential characters.

The Attar which is so important an article of com-
merce is either obtained from them indiscriminately, as
in the manufactory at Florence conducted by a convent
of friars, or from some particular kind, as in India.
From specimens in Mr. Lambert’s herbarium brought
from Ghizapore by Colonel Hardwicke it appears that
R. damascena is there exclusively used for obtaining
the essential oil. The Persians also make use of a
sort, which Kempfer calls R. shirazensis, from its
growing about Schiraz, in preference to others; this
may be, asI shall have occasion to explain shortly,
either R. damascena or centifolia. It is, however, well
known that Attar from different countries is of various
degrees of goodness ; that from Turkey being usually
the best. I am therefore disposed to think that R.
moschata may be sometimes used either alone or mixed
with other kinds; especially at Mogadore, where, I am
informed by Dr. Shuter, considerable quantities are
procured, but of inferior quality.

To the three or four following species nearly all the
innumerable varieties of the gardens are referable. As
it does not enter into my plan to notice any except
such as are botanically remarkable, I gladly relinquish
the task of describing the garden varieties to my frien
Mr. Sabine, from whom an ample account may soon be
expected. In the mean time, it will be sufficient to
point out the distinguishing characters of the species
without entering into a particular description of each.

nature of their glands, the size of their flowers, and their dissi-
milar habit, prevent their being confounded.

62 ROSA DAMASCENA.

39. ROSA damascena.

R. armis inzequalibus majoribus falcatis, sepalis reflexis,
fructu elon

R. damascena Mill. dict. n.15. Du Roi harbk. 2. 364.
Willd. sp. 2. 1072. dit. kew. ed. alt. 3. 263.
Smith! in Rees inl. Redout. ros. 1. 137. t. 53.

R. belgica Mill. dict. n. 17. Du Roi harbk. 2. 364.

La Rose pale Regn. bot. c. fig.

R. calendarum Munch. hausv. ex Bork. holz. 330.
Réssig. ros. tt. 8.33. Gmel. bad. als. 2. 430

R. bifera Potr. enc. 6.276. Pers. syn. 2. 48. Rideout.
ros. 1. 107. #.38.—121. ¢. 45.

Hab. in Syria? (wv. v. c.)

R. damascena may be distinguished from R. centi-
folia by the greater size of its prickles, the almost uni-
versally green colour of its wood, elongated fruit, nu-
merous flowers, and especially by its long sepals being
reflexed during the time of flowering. In the last re-
spect it agrees with R. alba. The bloom is exceedingly
fragrant. R. bifera of some continental botanists is
the Quatre saisons Rose of the French nurseries; and
perhaps, from the long succession of its flowers, the
most esteemed of all the varieties. Immense numbers
in pots are sold weekly in the flower markets in Paris.
I perceive no character to distinguish it, even as a va-
riety, from the more common state of ddmascena, un-
less its smaller size be sufficient.

The native country of this is still not known with
certainty, Sir James Smith has conjectured that it
may be the Rose introduced from Syria by a Comte de
Brie on his return from the crusades. But the most
satisfactory aceount of it has been given by Nicholas
Monardi, in his dissertation on the Roses of Persia, &c.

os ge RS nS rs
a A

ROSA DAMASCENA. 63

printed in Clus. exot. p. 48. He says they were called
damascene because they are believed to have been
brought “ ex Damasco nobilissima Syrize urbe ;” and
he adds, they have only been known about thirty
years; thus bringing the date of their introduction to
1575. His description of his plant is excellent, and
leaves no room for doubting that he meant the present
R. damascena. ‘Sunt rosaria hee velut nostra, sed
magis arbusta, etc.—aculeos plurimos emittunt quin
et acutiores. Folia velut nostra sed ampliora. Florum
numerosiorem quantitatem effundunt, qui 5 aut 6 ha-
bent folia. Inter album et rubrum medium colorem
sortiuntur.”

64 ROSA CENTIFOLIA.

40. ROSA centifolia.

R. armis inzqualibus majoribus falcatis, foliolis glan-
duloso-ciliatis, floribus cernuis, calycibus viscosis,
fructu oblongo

Rosa n. 1. Linn. cliff: 191.

R. centifolia Linn. sp. 704. Du Roi harbk. 2. 367.
Bull. par. t. 275. Lour. coch. 323? Réss. ros.
t.1. Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 397. Rau enum. 109.
Redout. ros. 1. 25. t. 1\—37. t. 7.—77. t. 26—79.
#. 27.—111. #.40.

R. provincialis Mill. n. 18. Du Roi harbk. 2. 349.
Willd. sp.2. 1070. Pers. syn. 2.48. Ait. kew.
ed. alt. 3.261. Gmelin bad. als. 2. 429, Smith
in Rees in 1.

R. polyanthos Ross. ros. t. 35.

R. caryophyllea Poir enc. 6. 276.

R. unguiculata. Desf. cat. 175.

R. varians Pohl. bohem. 2.171.

8 muscosa, calycibus pedunculisque muscosis.

R. — plena spinosissima, pedunculo muscoso Mill.

Sfok

R. muscosa Mill. dict. n. 22. Du Roi harbk. 2. 368.
Willd. sp. 2.1074. Lawr. t.14. Rass. ros. t. 6.
Pers. syn. 2.49. dit. kew. ed. alt. 2. 264. Ker
regist. tt. 53. 102. Redout. ros. 1. 39. t. 8.—41.
t. 9.—87. ¢. 31.

R, provincialis 6 Smith in Rees in 1.

y Pomponia, omnibus partibus minor.

R. centifolia minor Réss. ros. tt. 20. 37.

R. divionensis Réss. 1. c. t. 24.

R. geet gece D. C. fl. fr. 4. 448. Red. ros. 1. 65.
ae 4

R. burgundiaca Pers. syn. 2. 48.

— Eee

'

ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 65
R. provincialis y Smith in Rees in 1.
R. centifolia z. Redout. ros. 1. 113. t. 41.
8 bipinnata, foliis bipinnatis. .
R. centifolia bipinnata Pers. syn. 2.48. Redout. ros.
Rott, ¢. 4:

Hab. in Cancasi orientalis nemorosis (Bieb.) (v. v. c.)

This has much the appearance of the last, but may
be distinguished by its sepals not being reflexed at any
period, the flowers full double, and the petals very
large, whence the name of Cabbage Rose, by which it
is usually known. Its fruit is either oblong or roundish;
but never elongated. From gallica it may be told by
its flowers being cernuous, and by the larger size of its
prickles, with a more robust habit. It is well known
that these plants are usually propagated by inlaying;
but it is somewhat curious that, although the layers of
R. damascena strike root readily, those of centifolia
and gallica do not.

Sir James Smith is disposed to agree with those
who think this a native of the south of Europe; but
the places in which it has been reported to grow wild,
in that quarter, are manifestly too suspicious to be ad-
mitted as authority for the habitat of a species so uni-
versally cultivated. I prefer, therefore, to place its
native country in Asia, because it has been found wild
by Bieberstein, with double flowers, on the eastern side
of Mount Caucasus, whither it is not likely to have
escaped from a garden. Perhaps the celebrated Rose
of Schiraz, in praise of which Kzmpfer says so much,
may be this also, or damascena; we have, however, no
materials for more than conjecture. The flowers of
this are chiefly used for obtaining distilled Rose water ;
those of gallica for drying.

Pohl, in his Flora Bohemica, has considered gal-
lica and provincialis as varieties of each other. I am
much rather disposed to agree with Borkhausen and
French botanists, in taking the provincialis of Miller

K

66 ROSA CENTIFOLIA.

and the centifolia of Linneeus to be the same. On this
head no information is to be obtained from the Linnzean
herbarium, and therefore other means must be used to
ascertain the truth of the opinion.

There can be little doubt that Linnzus was ac-
quainted with the Provins and Officinal Roses, and it
is highly probable that he had them both growing in
the garden at Upsal. Admitting this to be so, it is
far more reasonable to suppose that he would distin-
guish these from each other, than that he would select
for a species so trifling a variety of one of them (gal-
lica), as the Dutch hundred-leaved Rose is, and would
at the same time not notice so different a looking plant
as the Provins. Let us see how far this is confirmed
by his publications.

R. centifolia, in the first edition of Species Planta-
rum, appears with the character “ caule aculeato, pe- -
duneulis hispidis, calycibus semipinnatis glabris,”
which, as far as it can belong to either the Provins or
hundred-leaved Rose, is equally applicable to both.
He quotes R. multiplex media Bauh. pin. 482, which,
from the reference to R. centifolia batavica secunda of
Clus. hist. 1, 114, also cited by Linnzeus, appears to
be a sort of small Provins Rose; since Clusius expressly
says it is intermediate between his centifolia batavica
alba, which is the White Provins Rose, and his centi-
folia batavica prima. In the second edition of Species
Plantarum the character is altered to “ germinibus
ovatis pedunculisq. hispidis, caule hispido acuieato, pe-
tiolis inermibus,” which applies pretty well to the Pro-
vins Rose and not at all to the other. The same re-
ferences are continued, and R. rubra plena spinosissima
pedunculo muscoso of Mill. dict. t. 221, f..1, which is a
tolerably good figure of the Moss Rose, is added as
probably belonging to it. Now this he never would
ae guessed to be a variety of the Hundred-leaved

ose

In his earlier publication, the Hortus Cliffortianus,
his R. No. 1. which is the same as his R. centifolia,

ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 67

has the additional quotation of R. centifolia rubra of
Besler’s Hort. eyst. vern. 92. f. 4. which is really one
of the hundred-leaved Roses; but which it is fair to
presume he afterwards discovered to be so, and conse-
quently erased, as it does not appear in his subsequent
publications. The other references to R. maxima mul-
tiplex and R. hollandica rubella plena, quibusdam centi-
folia spinoso frutice of Bauh. hist. 236, unquestionably
belong to the Provins Rose.

Miller, however, judging from the name centifolia,
rather than from the specific character or references of
Linnzeus, concluded too hastily that the Dutch hun-
dred-leaved Roses were intended. But as these were
evidently no varieties of the Provins Rose, he proposed
the latter as a new species, and, without further exa-
mination, he has been followed by subsequent writers
in this country.

The Moss Rose is a mere variety of the common
appearance of the Provins. Messrs. Lee and Kennedy
possess a plant which produces both indiscriminately ;
and Sir James Smith was informed in Italy that the
mossiness disappears almost immediately in that cli-

mate.

The Pompone, strangely confounded with the Bur-
gundy Rose by some, is smaller in all its parts; and
the next variety, the celery-leaved Rose of the French
gardens, is a singular monstrosity with mis-shapen bi-
pinnate leaves. I have seen a similar variety of R. ca-
nina growing in Mr. Sabine’s garden.

68 ROSA GALLICA.

41. ROSA gallica.

R. armis subzequalibus conformibus debilibus, foliolis
rigidis ellipticis, floribus erectis, sepalis ovatis,
fructu subgloboso.

. rubra, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 34.

_n. 3. Linn. cliff. 191.

‘ ee Linn! sp. 704. Mill. fig. t. 221. f. 2. dict.

. 20. Du Roi harbk. 2. 363. All. ped. 2. 139.
Thunb. jap. 2142? Willd. sp. 2.1071. (Ross. ros.
tt. 17. 22. 25. f. 6. 26. 28. 31. 36. 38.39.) Pers.
syn. 2.48. Gmel. bad. als. 2.406. Ait! kew. 3.
262. Smith’ in Rees in 1. Redout. ros. 1. 73. t.
25.—135. ¢. 52.—2. 17. ¢. 7.—19. ¢. 8. 10.

. centifolia Mill. dict. n. 14. Willd. sp. 2. 1071.

. 2. 48.

Pers. syn

a)

=~)

Rosier de provins Regn. bot.

R. sylvatica Gater. montaub. 94.

R. rubra Lam. fl. fr. 3. 130.

R. holosericea Réss. ros. t. 16.——damascena_ rubro-
purpurea ibid. ¢. 18.

R. belgica Brot. lus. 1. 338.

R. blanda Brot. l. c. ?

R. cuprea Jacq. fragm. 31. t. 34. f. 4.

8 pumila, floribus simplicibus, radicibus repentibus.

R. pumila, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 35.

R. pumila Linn. suppl. 262. Jacq! austr. 2. 59. t. 198.
All. ped. 2. 140. Willd. sp. 2.1072. Pers. syn.
2. 49. Bich. taur. cauc. 1.397. Ait! kew. 3. 263.
Pohl. bohem. 2.172. Wahl. cauc.150. Smith ! in
Rees inl. Rau enum. 112.

Rosa 1104 Hall. helv.

R. repens Munch. hausv. 5. 281.

R. hispida Munch. 1. c.

ROSA GALLICA. 69

R. austriaca Crantz. austr. 86. Poll. palat. 50.

R. olympica Donn! cant. ed. 8. 170.

y arvina, foliis utrinque nudis,

R. arvina Krock. siles. 2.150. Rau enum. 106.

Hab. in sepibus circa Montalbanum, (Gaterau); du-
-mosis circa Walzenberg, (Wibel); 6 circa Gene-
vam—frequens in collibus herbidis siccioribus, im-
primis ad sylvas et fruticetis Austrie, Jacquin;
Pedemontii, (4ll.); Taurize et Caucasi Iberici,
(Bieb.) ; y ad margines agrorum prope Retzbach,

Rau). (v. v.c. et s. sp. herb. Banks.)

Since R. pumila of Jacquin is to be considered as
the wild state of this species, it ought perhaps to have
been placed first rather than as a variety. In that
case, however, the well-known name of gallica must
have been given up for another, the knowledge of
which scarcely extends beyond the country in which it
grows wild. |

_ Switzerland and Austria produce it in the greatest

abundance, but it has also been found in Asia by Bie-
berstein. Rau informs us that in the vicinity of
Wurtzburg it grows so copiously as to injure the corn
exceedingly by its creeping roots, like Rubus cesius.
It is better known in our gardens by Donn’s name of
olympica, while the name pumila is improperly applied
to R. majalis.

The numerous double varieties known under the
names of the Giant, Velvet, Bishop, &c. Roses are of
the most exquisite beauty, and would be unrivalled in
the vegetable world if accompanied by the fragrance
which characterizes less brilliant species. The most
splendid of them all is the Tuscany Rose, of which the
late Mr. Sydenham Edwards left an excellent figure,
which will soon appear in the Botanical Register.

The Rosa arvina of Krocker’s Flora Silesiaca differs,
as Rau himself confesses, in little except having a
smooth tube to the calyx and naked leaves.

70 ROSA PARVIFOLIA.

R. gallica has many points in common with R.
centifolia. They may be distinguished in any state by
the stiff upright flowerstalks, want of large prickles,
rigid leaves and smaller petals with shorter sepals of
the former; its mode of growth is more compact and
stature generally less. Its leaves are moreover never
edged with glands, which those of centifolia always
are.

Forskahl’s Rosa gallica, which he mentions as
growing at Constantinople as high as the houses, and
with double white flowers, cannot possibly be this.
Could he mistake R. moschata for it? which is known
to be cultivated there.

42. ROSA parvifolia. ‘

R. nana, armis subzqualibus, foliolis rigidis ovatis
acutis argute serratis, sepalis ovatis.
R. parvifolia Ehr. beitr. 6. 97. Willd. sp. 2. 1078.
ers. syn. 2. 50. Smith in Rees inl. Bot. reg.
t. 452.
R. burgundiaca Réss. ros. ¢t.4. Gmel. bad. als. 2. 431.
Brot. lus. 1. 339.

R. remensis Desf. cat. 175. Decand. fl. fr. 4. 443.
Mer. par. 191.

Hab. in montibus Divionensibus, (Durand) (v. v. c.)

A little dark, compact, blueish gray plant. Branches
somewhat glaucous, straight, erect, slender, armed
with unequal, scattered, slender, somewhat falcate
prickles and a few setze. Leaves on the strongest shoots
at least twice as long as the joints, on the branchlets
very densely aggregated ; stipules linear, nearly naked,
fringed with glands, bright green; petioles hairy, hav-

ROSA. PARVIFOLIA. 71

ing at the back a few strong short straightish little
prickles, glandular; leaflets 3-7, usually 5, small, stiff,
ovate, acute, flat, very finely and simply toothed; ser-
ratures with a gland on one side of a deep dull green,
rugose, and naked above, pale ash-colour, with a hairy
rib and prominent veins beneath, the lowest pair, when
more than three, generally very small. Flowers soli-
tary, overtopped by the young shoots, without bractez,
purple, always very double ; peduncle with no hairs but
a few weak setee: tube of the calyx ovate, naked; sepals
ovate with a point, nearly simple, concave, reflexed,
hairy and scattered over with glands, very much shorter
than the petals; these are spreading, except the inner
ones, which are in part formed from the ovaria and
very closely imbricated ; styles hairy, a little exserted,
and adhering by their down.

I have little hesitation in distinguishing this parti-
cularly from the last, especially as I have the authority
of the accurate and observing Ehrhart for doing so.
It surely differs as much from gallica as that does from
centifclia, and asI have no varieties to enumerate of it,
there is the less difficulty in finding characters that
may be depended upon. I have seen it growing in the
most sterile and the most fertile soils; yet without
material alteration in its appearance, and most cer-
tainly without the slightest tendency to assume the cha-
racters of gallica. M. Durand is reported, on the
authority of Decandolle, to have found this wild on
mountains in the neighbourhood of Dijon.

42 DIV. VII. VILLOS.

Div. VII. Villose. Surculi stricti. Aculei rectius-
culi. Foliola ovata v. oblonga serraturis divergen-
tibus. Sepala conniventia persistentia. Discus in-
crassatus faucem claudens.

This division borders equally close upon those of Canina and
Rubiginose. From both it is distinguished by its rootshoots
being erect and stout, not bending gracefully except in the case of
the true tomentosa. The most absolute marks of difference, how-
ever, between this and Canine exist in the prickles of the former

Rubiginose cannot be confounded with Villosw, on account
of their unequal hooked prickles and glandular leaves. ioe
ness of fruit and persistence of sepals is common to bo

R. villosa has sometimes setz.

ROSA TURBINATA. "3

43. ROSA turbinata.

calycis tubo turbinato.

francofurtana Munch. — 5. 24. Bork. holz.
312.. Gmel. bad. als. 2. 4

. turbinata Ait! kew. 2. ns Willd. sp. 2. 1073.
Lawr. t. 63. Jacq. schénbr. 4. t. 415. Pers. syn.
2. 49. Saea fragm. 71. t.107. f. 2? Smith! in
Rees inl. Rau enum. 48. Redout. ros. 1. 127. t.

48.

al

e*

. campanulata Ehr. beitr. 6. 97.

. francfurtensis Ross. ros. t. 11. Desf. cat. 175.
Hab. ; quasi spontanea in Germaniz vineis et
dumetis. (v. v. c.

an

A bush with the size and general aspect of R. da-
mascena, from which it differs in having no setz, equal
straight prickles, ovate entire sepals, and turbinate
tube of the calyx. The native country of this Rose is
not exactly known. Rau asserts it to be a native of
Germany, and mentions as places of growth the bor-
ders of vineyards and bushy places. Yet it is difficult
to understand how so very double a flower should ever
be propagated by seed, and if not by seed, how it
should find its way to such places, except as the out-
cast of gardens.

Jacquin, in his Fragmenta, figures the fruit of
what he considered to be a single state of this species ;
but it is oblong and must surely belong to something
else.

—

14 ROSA VILLOSA.

44. ROSA villosa.

R. foliolis ellipticis obtusis, fractu maximo armis. ri-
' gidis confertis horrido, sepalis viscosis hispidis. _
R. villosa Linn. sp. pl. 704. Willd. sp. 2.1069. Smith!
britt. 2. 538. Eng. bot! 583. Ait. kew. ed. alt.
3. 260. Bieb. taur. cauc. 2,395. Decand. fl. fr.
4. 440. Smith in Rees in l. Rau enum. 150.
Redout. ros. 1. 67. t.. 22. excl. fig. fruct. (Lawr.
ros. t. 29.) a

R. pomifera Herm. diss. 16. Bork! holzx. 309. Gmel.
bad. als, 2. 410.

R. gracilis Woods! in act. linn. 12. 186. 3

Hab. in Anglia septentrionali, Woods; Gallia, (De-
cand.) ; circa Wirceburgum, (Rau); Tauriz mon-
tibus sylvaticis, (Bieb.). (v. v. c. et s. sp.)

The largest of the genus, sometimes forming a
small tree, with a trunk as thick as a man’s arm.
Branches dull, very glaucous, frequently without any
tinge of red, armed with strong, straight, or somewhat
falcate, equal prickles, either scattered or under the
stipule ; branchlets with a few sete or none. Leaves
usually very large and gray, densely downy every
where; stipulee spreading, acute, finely-serrated and
fringed with glands ; petiole glandular, with pale, fal-
cate, unequal prickles; /eaflets about 5, very unequal,
elliptical, flat, rugose, with a turpentine smell when
bruised, very coarsely and doubly serrated, the ser-

_vatures diverging. Flowers in pairs, either blue or deep
red, of a middling size; bractece large, ovate, concave,
rugose, hoary, nearly smooth above; peduncles very
short, they and the calyx protected by rigid, unequal
sete, and clammy with glands; tube ovate, glaucous ;
sepals narrow, compound, spreading; petals longer
than the last, obcordate, a little crenate at the edge ;

ROSA VILLOSA. rE)

disk elevated, not very thick; styles hairy, distinct,
usually inuch shorter than the ripe fruit. Fruit either
' purple or deep red, round, with a thickened short pe-
duncle, covered with stiff setae and crowned by the
connivent pale brown clammy sepals.

The distinction between this and the following hav-
ing been ill understood by the greater part of botanists,
it has become not only very difficult, but in many cases
absolutely impossible, without authentic specimens, to
extricate their synonyms. ‘The above are therefore all
I have thought it safe to cite.

_ The characteristic definition of Linnzeus, “ germi-
nibus globosis aculeatis, pedunculis hispidis, &c.” by
which he meant to contrast the rigidity of the arms of
the former with the weakness of those of the latter,
places his plant beyond the reach of doubt, especially
because there is no state in which the fruit, either youn
or old, of tomentosa can be called aculeated. Mr.
Woods, however, judging from the specimens marked
villosa in Linnzeus’s herbarium, conceived that, not-
withstanding his specific character, he really intended
that variety of fomentosa which I have called mollis,
and which he considers a distinct species. But I am
assured by the learned possessor of that collection, that
the specimen there is no authority whatever, because
it was acquired after the publication of the first edition
of Species plantarum. It however confirms me in the
opinion that Linnzeus did not distinguish the two plants;
at least not in his publications. For, in addition to
the proof afforded by his herbarium, Afzelius has as-
certained that R. tomentosa alone grows in the places
indicated by Linnzus as producing his R. villosa.

The most essential point of difference between the
two is in the fruit, which has in R. villosa a consider-
able number of rigid sete and even prickles scattered
over its surface: while that of tomentosa can never be
termed more than hispid. It is also much larger in the
former than in the latter, and is more fleshy. The leaves
are larger, more exactly on gem and coarsely serrated.

L

76 ROSA VILLOSA.

The flowers usually grow in pairs and with stalks of
unequal length: the longer drooping gracefully as the
fruit ripens. The young shoots are remarkably glau-
cous (as in R. alba), and there is a manifest tendency
to produce setz and glands on the branchlets. The
curious plant which Mr. Woods calls gracilis has nu-
merous sete intermixed with the prickles: thus having
in a great measure the characters of the centifolie di-
vision. Mr. Sabine detected it among young plants
raised from seed of the common tree Rose, in Mr. Lee’s
nursery at Hammersmith.

R. villosa of Pallas seems to be rather a variety of
R. rubiginosa; of most other authors to be the next
species.

Grows probably all over Northern and Middle Eu-
rope and Northern Asia, but not in great abundance.

ni a an!

ROSA TOMENTOSA. i

45. ROSA tomentosa.

R. foliolis ovatis acutiusculis, fructu hispido nudove.

@ verd, surculis arcuatis, sepalis compositis.

R.n. 1105. Hall. helv.

R. villosa Du Rot! harbk, 2.341. Huds. angl, 219
var. 8. Ménch. meth. 688. Afx. tent. prim. Mer.

190. Fl. dan. t. 1458, Desv. journ. bot. 2.

oe

mollissima Bork. holz. i Willd. prodr. fl. berot.

1237. Gm. bad. als. 2. 409.

tomentosa Smith! britt. 2. 539. Decand. I, aT
.440. Eng. bot! 990. Mer. par. 190. Pohl

bohem. 2.171. Pers. syn. 2.50. Smith! in Rees in l.

Woods! in act. linn. 12.197. Redout. ros. 2. 39.
17;

y

; iiss Wibel wirth, 263.

ag kee Eng. bot! t. 1896. Smith! in Rees
nl. oods ! in act. linn. 12. 193. Winch ! ess.

Teor. 43.

R. foetida Bat. suppl. = Decand. suppl. 534. Re-
dout. ros. 1.131. #.5

B mollis, surculis anaes sepalis subsimplicibus.

R. villosa Vill. dauph. 3.551. Woods ! 1. c. 12: 189.

R. mollis Eng. bot! t. 2459. Smith! in Rees in 4.
Winch ! ess. geogr. 42.

R. heterophylla Woods! 1. c. 12. 195.

R. pulchella Woods! in act. linn. 12. 196.

R. villosa minuta Rau enum. 166°

y resinosa, pumila, czsia, foliolis angustis, floribus ru-
berrimis.

Hab. per totam Europam sepibus incultisque; y in

ee

78 _ ROSA TOMENTOSA.

Hibernia, Drummond. (v. v. s. & ¢.; ys. sp. herb.
Hooker.)

Seven or eight feet high, spreading, very gray.
Branches somewhat glaucous, armed with straight,
(rarely falcate) equal, scattered prickles and without

ze. Leaves hoary with down; stipules concave, di-
lated, toothletted and fringed with glands; petioles
slightly prickly and glandular ; leaflets about 5, oblong
or ovate, obtuse, doubly serrated; serratures diverging,
rarely converging ; soft and rugose, paler beneath, and
sometimes slightly glandular, when bruised having a
turpentine smell. Flowers one or more, reddish, cup-
shaped, with short stalks; bracteas ovate or oblong,
downy, longer or shorter than the peduncles, which are
hispid with unequal setz and glands; tube of the calyx
ovate, oblong or round, usually hispid, sometimes nearly
smooth; sepals compound, spreading, always hispid at
‘the back; petals entire, obcordate, concave ; disk thick-
ened, flat ; styles very hairy, distinct. Fruit somewhat
purple, round or obovate, or depressed, usually hispid,
crowned by the converging sepals; but these sometimes
fall off immediately after the fruit is ripe.

If Tam right in referring Borkhausen’s Rosa mol-
lissima to this variety rather than the next, it will have
the claim of priority over Sir James Smith’s tomentosa.
But, however, as this cannot be absolutely determined
without actual inspection of authenti¢ specimens, I have
preferred leaving the name as I found it.

This is the most variable of the genus except ca-
mina; but the greater part of. the varieties are very
triflmg and can be brought. within the compass of a
tolerable definition only in. the three instances of éo-
mentosa and mollis of English Botany and resinosa of
Mr. Lyell’s MSS. ? |

The first has the leaflets smooth above (tomentosa
Woods. and fetida Bat.)—or smooth on both sides
(tomentosa » Woods)—or without glands (tomentosa o
Woods). The fruit is long, round, depressed or tur-

ROSA TOMENTOSA, | 719

binate, hispid, or smooth, or nearly so. Flowers pale
blush, or deep red, or blotched, as in the English Botany
figure of R. scabriuscula. This plant is very common
in Suffolk, and may well have puzzled Mr. Woods.to
find out what the important difference is between it
and tomentosa. In fact, a vague, almost indescribable
dissimilarity in their general aspect, chiefly caused by
the larger leaves of the former, is all they can be dis-
tinguished by, even by the most practised observer.
So far is the pubescence from being harsher than in to-
mentosa, that it is just the reverse. What Mr. Winch
finds near Newcastle has more acute leaflets than the
Suffolk plant, which is very well represented in English
Botany.

R. fetida of Batard’s supplement to the flora of
the Maine and Loire is a weak variety with leaves
smooth above. Its fruit is said to be fetid when bruised.
R. Reyniert referred here by Woods seems rather to be
R. rubiginosa flexuosa.

8 has certainly a well-marked character, in its mode.
of growth, to distinguish it from a—its rootshoots
being very straight and not bent like a bow, as in the
other. I doubt, however, whether this can be consi-
dered sufficient without some additional peculiarities.
The undivided sepals are tolerably constant; but I
have specimens from Mr. Lyell of a Northumberland
plant which produces both. These in heterophylla are
confessedly a little divided; and in pulchella, which
has all the appearance of the stunted state of mollis
figured in English Botany, are quite compound again.
Many specimens of R. tomentosa have sepals perfectly
intermediate between compound and nearly simple;
and I believe it will not be doubted that the distinction
between simple and subsimple is too ambiguous for
specific discrimination. Ihave examined Mr. Woods's
own specimens of R. pulchella without being able to
detect the crenature of the petals, on which he is dis-
posed to place too much confidence. For it cannot,
be worth much as a character unless the comparative
size of flowers be admitted also; since it always happens

80 ROSA TOMENTOSA.

that crumpled petals have their margin. more or less

crenated. Plants of R. hibernica in Mr. Lyell’s garden

~ crenate petals one season and emarginate ones the
nex

vain resinosa is a very interesting plant, and may
be considered as the same sort of offspring of tomentosa
as Rau’s actphylla is of canina. Wild specimens are
smaller in all their parts, with very compact foliage,
narrow hoary leaves, and bright red flowers. I have,
however, an intermediate specimen from the same part
of Ireland, and in Mr. Lyell’s garden the cultivated
ou is becoming more robust every year and less hoary.
t was found in the south of Ireland by Mr. Drummond,
curator of the Botanic garden at Cork, and kindly
communicated by Mr. Hooker.

So closely do tomentosa and canina border on each
other, that, as satisfactory marks of difference, "T have
only to propose the straight prickles, diverging ser-
ratures, hispid fruit, sepals and peduncle and soft
leaves of the former, as contrasted with the hooked
prickles, converging serratures, smooth calyx, decidu-
ous sepals, and naked or harshly pubescent leaves of
the latter. R. tomentosa has usually the sepals erect
during flowering, but I have specimens from Cha-
mouni, gathered by Mr. Hooker, with reflexed ones.

ROSA ALBA. 81

46. ROSA alba.

foliolis oblongis glaucis supra ne Rag simpliciter
serratis, sepalis reflexis, fructu ine

sativa Dodon. pempt. 186. ¢t. 1. :

candida plena et semiplena Bawh. hist, 2. 44.

5 i Malai fl. pl. albo. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 6.

eee
a

alba Linn! sp. 705. Mill. dict. n. 16. All. pedem.
2, 139. Lour. cochin, 323? Willd. sp. 2. 1080.
Minch meth. 689. Lawr. ros. tt. 23. 25. 32. 37.
Decand. fl. fr. 4. 448. Pers. syn. 2. 49. Ait.
kew. ed. alt. 3. 267. Gmel. bad. als. 2.427. FI.
dan. 1215. Smith! in Rees in i Pew enum. 94,
Redout. ros. 1. 97. t. 34—117.

R. usitatissima Gat. montaub. 94.

Hab. in Pedemontio, (Allioni); Cochinchina? (Lou-
reiro); in sepibus Fioniz, (Fi. dan.); Gallia, (De-
cand.) ; Hessiz et Saxoniz, (Roth). (v. v. c.)

Six or seven feet high, spreading, very grey.
Branches strong, dull, glaucous, on the sunny side
sometimes red, armed with straightish or falcate, slen-
der or strong, unequal, scattered prickles and no sete.
Leaves dull, glaucous ; stipule narrow, flat, elongated
at the end, nearly naked, serrated and fringed with
glands ; petioles downy, glandular and prickly ; leaflets
7 or 5, large, rugose, ovate, or near ly round, obtuse or
with a little point, simply serrated with pointed teeth,
above naked, beneath downy and very pale. Flowers
large, numerous, either white or of the most delicate
blush colour, frequently double; bractee lanceolate,
downy, straight, concave; peduncles with unequal weak
setze; tube of the calyx _~ naked or bristly at the

a) ROSA HIBERNICA.

bottom; sepals long, pinnated, hispid on the outside,
refiexed, deciduous ; petals concave, emarginate; disk
thickened, and flattened; séydes villous, distinct. Frait
oblong, scarlet or blood-coloured.

If R. gallica be the most splendid of the garden
Roses, this species may be considered the most beauti-
ful. Nothing can be more delicately coloured than its
full double, blush petals, nor more gratefully fragrant
than their scent. It is naturalized on the banks of the
Tyne, as lam informed by Mr. Winch; but it has not
yet been found wild in this country. It has been dis-
covered in France; and is not uncommon in Germany
and Piedmont. Is it possible that Loureiro’s R. alba
can be it:

Rugose, very glaucous leaves, simple serratures,
long, reflexed, deciduous sepals, and usually acicular
unequal prickles, divide it from R. tomentosa and ca-
-nina. R. turbinata resembles it more in its botanical

characters than in reality.

47. ROSA hibernica.

R. aculeis inzequalibus: minoribus setiformibus, foliolis
ovatis acutis nudiusculis simpliciter serratis.

R. hibernica Eng. bot! t. 2196. Ait! kew.’ed. alt. 3.
261. Smith! in Rees inl. Woods? in act. linn.
12. 222.

Hab. in Hibernia Templeton (v. v. c. & s. sp. herb.
Banks, Hooker, Smith, Se i

mpact shrub three or four feet high. Branches
APR: reddish brown, with equal, straight prickles and _

ROSA HIBERNICA. 83

no sete ; branchlets with weak unequal prickles, some
of which are very small; rootshoots rather setigerous,
covered all over with much longer, but unequal prickles,
some of which are hooked. Leaves like those of R.
spinosissima sanguisorbifolia, but larger and more acute;
leaflets generaliy 5, hairy beneath, especially at the
rib, simply serrated. Flowers solitary, almost always
without bractez ; peduncle, round tube of the calyx and
sepals naked, the latter compound, reflexed after flower-
ing: petals concave, emarginate; disk flat, conspicuous.
fruit crowned with the sepals, deep dull red.

It is more difficult to assign a situation for this, than
for any other species of the genus. Its habit is when
weak, like spinosissima; when more vigorous, like ca-
nina; andif exceedingly luxuriant, like tomentosa mol-
fis. It comes better into the character of the division
where I have placed it than elsewhere, and may be con-
sidered as a transition from Villose to Canine. Mr.
Woods, with his usual acuteness, has selected as its
most important character the mixture of small straight
prickles on the branches, adding, “It is true that R.
hibernica has this in common with rubiginosa; but the
entire want of glands, tbe simple serratures and_ the
shape of the fruit, render it impossible that any mistake
should arise between them.”

If this be not the most interesting, it is at least the
most valuable of the genus ;—or, rather, was so to Mr.
Templeton, who found it, as he became entitled to
fifty pounds, offered as a premium by the patrons of
Botany in Dublin, for the discovery of a new Irish

lant. The neighbourhood of Belfast is the only part

of the world in which it has yet been detected.

84 ROSA LUTEA.

Div. VIII. Rubiginosee. Aculei inaequales, nunc seti-
formes, rard (an unquam?) nulli. Foliola ovata v.
oblonga, glandulosa, serraturis divergentibus. Sepala
persistentia. Discus incrassatus. Surculi arcuati.
‘The numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will

usually suffice to prevent any thing else being referred to this tribe.

But 2. tomentosa has sometimes glandular leaves, and in such

cases the inequality of the prickles of Rubiginose and their red

fruit will alone si: Hope them,

48. ROSA lutea.

- aculeis ets foliolis planis concavis, calycibus sub-
inermi tegris

lutea Deaies pempt, 187, Bauh, hist. 2. 47.
lutea simplex Bauh. pin. 483. Best. eyst. vern. ord.
6. fol. 5.

gees -

eglanteria Linn! sp. 703. Wibel. werth. 263. Roth.

germ. 1, 217. 2. 553. Decand. fl. fr. 4. 437.
Pers. syn. 2,47. Mer. age 189. Redout. ros. 1.
69. 4-23,

lutea Mill! dict. n. 11. Du Roi harbk. 2. 344.
Monch meth. 688. Willd. sp. 2. 1064. Lawr. ros,
t.12. Curt, bot. mag. n. 363. Ait! kew. 3. 258.
Gmel. bad. als. 2.403. Smith! in Rees in l. Rau
enum. 157.

R. foetida Herm. diss. 18. All. pedem. 2. 138.

R. chlorophylla Er’ beitr. 2. 69.

R. cerea Réssig. ros. t. 2.

8 punicea, floribus bicoloribus.

R. sylvestris austriaca, flore pheniceo Hort. angl. 66.

18.

ue

ROSA LUTEA. 85
R. punicea Mill, dict. n. 12. Du Roi harbk. 2. 347.

Ross. ros. t. 5.

R. cinnamomea Roth. germ. 1. 217. & 2. 554.

R. lutea bicolor Jacq! vind. 1. t.1. Lawr. ros. t. 6.
Sims bot. mag. n. 1077. Ait ! kew. 3. 258. Smith?
in Rees in l.

R. eglanteria punicea Redout. ros. 1.71. t, 24,

Hab, circa Alliano, (Allioni); in sepibus Werthei
sibus, (Wibel) ; in Gallia australi, Requien; circa
Wirceburgum, (Rau); 6 in Austria. (v.v. c. & s.
sp. herb, Hooker.)

A nae bush, about four feet high.
Branches somewhat erect, shining, dark brown, de-
fended by pale, straight, nearly equal, scattered prickles
and no setze; rootshoots more densely armed. Leaves
somewhat shining, deep green; stipules narrow, dilated
and divaricated at the end, finely toothed and fringed
with glands, a little pubescent or not; petioles naked
or downy, rarely glandular; leaflets 5-7, elliptical or
ovate, a little pointed, spoonshaped, simply or doubly
serrated, naked above, hairy more or ee and glandular
beneath. Flowers deep yellow, lar, upshaped, soli-
tary; bractewe none; peduncle and ‘ihe of the calyx un-
armed, the latter ovate; sepals ovate, pointed, little
divided, setigerous and even prickly on the outside ;
petals obcordate; disk thickened; styles villous, dis-
tinct. Fruit unknown.

This, as Sir James Smith observes, has been strangely
confounded by some botanists with R. sudphurea. And
yet their resemblance chiefly consists in the similarity
of colour in their flowers ; sudphurea being undoubtedly
allied to R. sibirica, lutescens, &c. and this, though
very different, so closely bordering upon R. rubiginosa
that Linnzeus at one time did not distinguish them and
united them under the name of eglanteria. This name,
De Theis tells us, should be written aiglanteria, being
formed from aig, which is derived from the Celtie ac,
and signifying point. French botanists have agreed to

86 ROSA RUBIGINOSA.

consider this the real eglanteria of Linnzus, and have
continued that name in preference to Miller's. As far
as the authority of the Linnzan herbarium goes, they
have it in their favour. But I nevertheless prefer fol-
lowing Willdenow and others in retaining the name
lutea, rather than one which is by no means either ex-
pressive or generally adopted; and, if we may judge
from what Linnzeus says in the first edition of Species
Plantarum, he at that time had rubiginosa in view.

It is known at first sight by its branches with foliage
only at the extremities, prickles usually several under
the stipulz, and leaflets which are hollow like the bowl
of a spoon. The only spontaneous specimens I have
seen were gathered near Avignon by M. Requien, and
are in the possession of Mr. Hooker.

49. ROSA rubiginosa.

R. aculeis aduncis, foliolis rugosis opacis, calycibus pe-
dunculisque hispidis.

« vulgaris, aculeis fortibus valde inequalibus, stylis
villosis, fructibus ovatis v. oblongis.

_ R. sylvestris odorata Dodon. pempt. 186 ic. 2.

R. sylvestris foliis odoratis Bauh. pin. 483.

R. foliis odoratis, &c. Bauh. hist. 241.

R. sylvestris odora Ger. 1087.1. ~

RK: Fl, Suecica 443.

R. eglanteria Mill. dict. n.4. Du Roi harbk. 2. 336.

Huds. angl. 218. Afz. tent. 1. Woods! in act.
linn. 12. 206.

R, rubiginosa Linn! mant. 2. 564. AIL. pedem, 2. 140.
Monch meth, 688. (Lawr. ros, tt. 41, 61, 65. 72.
74.) Roth. germ. 2. 558. Willd. sp. 2. 1073,

ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 87
Smith! britt. 2. 540. Schkuhr bot. Ngo. t. 134.
Eng. bot! t. 991. Decand. fl. fr. 4. 445. Pers.
syn. 2.49. Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 508. Ait! kew. 3.
264. Goel. bad. als. 2.407. Smith! in Rees in 1.
R, suavifolia Lightf. scot. 1. 262. Fl. dan. t. 870.
R. pseudo-rubiginosa Lejeune fl. des env. de Spa ex
Desv.

R. rubiginosa vulgaris Raw enum. 130. glabra Rau
l. c. 137.

B micrantha, aculeis ramulorum zequalioribus v. nullis,
sepalis ante maturitatem deciduis, eae villosius-
culis, fructibus oblongis v. oboyatis.

. odoratissima Scop. carn. 1. 354.

** 2 Crantz stirp. austr. 1. 87?

eglanteria rubra Réss. ros. ¢. 10.

rubiginosa Jacq. austr. 1. 31. t. 507

Crantzii Schultes obs. 94?

rubiginosa triflora Wild. berl. baum. 397... Wallr.
an. bot. 65. Rau enum. 134. Redout. ros. 1. 93.
t. 34.

Dm mm

. micrantha Eng. bot! t. 2490. Decand. suppl. 539.
Smith! in Rees inl. Woods! in act. linn. 12. 209.

. eglanteria americana Andrews’s roses. c. fig.

. suaveolens Pursh. am. septr.n. 11. Smith! in Rees
in L,

. nemorosa Lejeune spa. 2. 311. ex Redout.
. rubiginosa resinosa Wallr. an. bot, 65.
folia Rau enum. 135.

. rubiginosa nemoralis Redout. ros. 2. 23. ¢. 10.
umbellata, inflorescentize ramulis aculeatissimis,
fructibus elongatis.

.umbellata Leers herb. 119. add. 286. Gmel. bad.
als. 2. 425. D.C. suppl. fl. fr. 532. Rau enum.
140.

parvi-

i” eae hapeagen as eaten

R, sempervirens Roth. germ. 1. 218. 2. 536.
R, tenuiglandulosa Mer. par. 189.

88 ROSA RUBIGINOSA.

R. eglanteria cymosa Woods! in act. linn. 1. c.

3? grandiflora, foliis nudiusculis, floribus maximis,
fructu purpureo.

. grandiflora Wallr. an. bot. 66.
exuosa, ramis valde flexuosis, foliolis suborbiculatis,
bracteis deciduis, floribus subsolitariis, stylis impu-
bibus.

R. Reynieri Hall. fil. i in Rom. arch, b..1. st. 2. p. 7?

R. flexuosa, Rau enum. 127.

R. montana Decand. suppl. 532?

¢. rotundifolia, ramis flagelliformibus: aculeis rectius-
culis tenuibus, foliolis subrotundis duplo minoribus,
calycis tubo subgloboso glabro. .

R. rubiginosa rotundifolia Raw enum. 136.

n sepium, ramis debilibus flexuosis, foliolis utrinque
acutis, floribus sub-solitariis, fructibus glaberrimis,
sepalorum laciniis angustissimis.

R. helvetica Hall. fil. in Rom. arch. b. 1. st. 2. p. 6?

R. myrtifolia Hall! fil. MSS.

R. canina 8 D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. 3716 ex D. C.

R. sepium Thuill. par. 252. Mer. par. 192. D.C!
suppl. 538.

R. agrestis Savi pis. 1.475. mat. med. t. 27 ex D. C.

R. biserrata Mer. par. 190?

R. macrocarpa id. fide Desv.

R. stipularis id. fide Desv.

3 inodora, aculeis valde aduncis subqualibus, foliolis
pines glandulosis, sepalis ante maturitatem deci-

R. villosa Pall. ross. 63 ?

-R. inodora Agardh. novit. 9.

R. dumetorum Eng! bot. t.2579. Smith! in Rees in L.

R. Borreri Woods ! in act. linn. 12. 210.

Hab. per totam Europam copiose; Caucaso, — is ¥
Anglia infrequens ; Germania, (Roth); Gallia, (De-
cand.); « circa Wirceburgum, (Rau); Helvetia,

ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 89

Hooker; € circa Wirceburgum (Rau); 4 Gallia
Decand.; 5 Anglia; Rossia (Pall.); Suecia, (Agardh).
(v. v. Sp.3 <, 4, 8. sp. herb. Hooker.)

Much branched, three or four feet high, with a
more compact habit than R. canina. Branches bright
green, flexuose, armed with numerous, hooked, un-
equal, scattered, strong prickles; on the rootshoots
sometimes very small and tipped with a gland. Leaves
dull, rugose, green, very sweetscented, covered beneath
with numerous brown glands ; stipule dilated, tooth-
letted, hairy beneath; petioles with a few strong, un-
equal prickles ; leaflets 5-7, roundish or ovate, pointed,
doubly serrated, somewhat spoonshaped, usually naked
above, covered with hairs, and very pale and rugose
beneath: Flowers one to three together, concave, pale
blush; bractee pale, lanceolate, acute, concave, slightly
hairy and glandular; peduncles and calyz hispid, with
weak setze; tube ovate: sepals reflexed, pinnate ; petals
obcordate ; disk much thickened; ovaries 30-40; styles
hoary, distinct. Fruit orange red, roundish, oblong
or obovate, hispid or smooth; crowned by the ascend-
ing sepals.

Under the foregoing species I have attempted to
explain why I cannot agree with Mr. Woods in adopting
the rejected Linnean name of eglanteria. If it is to be
retained at all, this is certainly not the plant to bear it.

The more common appearance of this plant is a
compact, much-branched bush, with pale red flowers in
threes, bristly scarlet fruit and bright green but not
shining leaves, which are powerfully and gratefully
fragrant. All these characters are, however, liable to
considerable variation, and have been the foundation of
a multitide of supposed species. Many of them have
been given up by their authors; and those which re-
main may be reduced to seven natural groups, to which
I have prefixed the best characters I have been able to
find,

N

90 ROSA RUBIGINOSA.

R. micrantha was first proposed as a species by Sir
James Smith in English Botany, and has been more re-
cently adopted by Mr. Woods, who attempted to dis-
criminate it by its long fruit and the equal size of the
prickles. But these appearances are very inconstant,
and may not unfrequently be observed on indisputable
R. rubiginosa. It is common in the south of England
with very small flowers; but Mr. Lyell, who has con-
stant opportunities of watching it, is unable to distin-
guish it essentially from the common sweetbriar. The
scent of the leaves is equally variable in both. There
are, however, some peculiarities which, though not of
much importance, will help to distinguish it with to-
lerable certainty. Frequently it produces long, ram-
bling, unarmed shoots, which are rarely observed in R.
rubiginosa. The styles are often without pubescence,
and the sepals usually drop off before the fruit is quite
ripe. It appears to be the R. rubiginosa triflora_of
German botanists, and the variety nemoralis of Re-
douté.: Jacquin’s figure in Mora Austriaca seems to be
this, but the detached fruit is rounder than I have ever
observed it. Crantz describes his R.**, in Stirpes
austriacee, with entire sepals; otherwise I perceive no
material difference in his account of it.

The American Sweetbriar, R. suaveolens of Pursh,
is admitted by American botanists to be an imported
species, now naturalized in many parts of the United
States. Sir James Smith, with his usual liberality, has
permitted me to examine ‘the specimens from which he
framed his account in Rees’s Cyclopedia. They were
sent from Pennsylvania by Muhlenberg, and differ in
no respect from the European plant. The leaflets are
by no means rounder than they often are in this coun-
try. Pursh had no specimens; therefore what he says
about the undivided calyx was probably taken from
Andrews’s wretched figure ; on which, it is evident, no
reliance whatever can be placed.

- umbellata is very common in the gardens, with
flowers in a semidouble state. Its aspect is that of R.
caucasea. I have counted as many as forty flowers in

ROSA RUBIGINOSA. 91

one bunch, and all of them producing fruit. Its more
robust mode of growth, and having the ramifications
of the inflorescence closely covered with setze and
straight prickles, which are also scattered all over the
tube of the calyx and sepals, are sufficient to point it
out. Roth mistook it for R. sempervirens; and Rau
appears not to have understood the latter much better,
as I shall have occasion to show hereafter.. It is the R.
eglanteria cymosa of Woods.

My next variety 3 is the R. grandiflora of Wallroth,
and referred here not without considerable hesitation.
His description answers pretty well to var. 3, but he
Says the fruit is “ demum atro-purpureus” and flowers
“* roseo-purpurei.” Moreover the large size of . the
latter and the leaves very green and nearly without
down are not characteristic of R. rubiginosa inodora.

When I first received - from Mr. Hooker, who ga-
thered it near Seez, I did not doubt it would prove a
distinct species, distinguished by its zigzag branches,
very broad round leaves, and perfectly glabrous styles.
The latter peculiarity is, however, not unfrequent in R.
rubiginosa micrantha, which always has a less quantity
of pubescence on that part than the common sweet-
briar. More extended observations have also convinced
me of the insufficiency of the shape of the leaves and’
mode of ramification, both of which may perhaps be
owing to accidental circumstances. The description of
R. montana in the supplement to the Flore Francaise
is quite applicable to this, especially the “aiguillons
rares, pars, droits, assez gréles—ovaire ovoide, a peu
pres sphérique, un peu -hérissé, surtout vers sa base.”
Villars’s R. montana must be a widely different species,
for he describes it with columnar styles. See R. ar-
vensis.

Iam acquainted with ¢ only from Rau’s descrip-
tion. He says it is two or three feet high, with fewer
branches than the others. Prickles of the branchlets
usually two together, slender and straightish. Leaflets
roundish, scarcely longer ae the prickles. Tube of

N 6

92 ROSA RUBIGINOSA.

the calyx roundish, smooth. _ divided, glandular.
Flowers solitary, small, deep re

I really wish some permanent character could be
found for the R. sepium of Thuilliers. It is the plant
to which Mr. Woods alludes under his R. eglanteria,
as having been brought from the South of France by
Mr. Hooker. It grows there by waysides, in hot, dry
places, in great abundance. It is altogether a smaller
plant, with dark green leaflets almost always acute at
each end, slender prickles and very zigzag branches.
The fruit is perfectly smooth as well as the peduncles,
and the divisions of the sepals are unusually narrow
and numerous. But, unfortunately, in a specimen from
the vicinity of Nismes the transition from this to R. ru-
biginosa vulgaris is so complete, that it is impossible to
say which it most resembles—some of the leaflets being
rounded and some acute. Yet it came from the same
bush as the others whose appearance is so dissimilar,
asia is my authority for the three synonyms of

erat

R. Borreri of Woods, which appears to be the same
as R. inodora of Agardh’s Novitie, has given me more
trouble than even the interminable varieties of R. ca-
nina. It is a puzzle between the latter and rubiginosa,
and, I do think, is equally referable to either. It is
not "unfrequent in the neighbourhood of Halesworth
with smaller leaves than ordinary, but unequivocally
tinged at the edge with red. Its mode of growth and
prickles are like rubiginosa, but its sepals are deciduous
and leaves often without glands. Sometimes its ser-
ratures diverge, sometimes point towards the end of
the leaflet. Mr. Lyell has R. Borreri from Mr. Borrer
growing by the side of R. micrantha, and the difference
is very trifling. It is by the persuasion of the former
gentleman that I have at length placed it here; for I
certainly believed I had traced it into R. canina a.
yest ‘R. villosa answers precisely to this; nor does

h’s R. inodora appear to differ in any respect,
odes in his calling the fruit purple.

_—_—— Cee

ROSA PULVERULENTA. 93

50. ROSA pulverulenta.

R. ramulis glandulosis, oe utrinque pruinosis: supe-
rioribus subverticillat

R. pulverulenta Bieb. ass cauc. 1.399. Poir. suppl.
enc. in lL.

Hab. in collibus circa acidulam Narzana Caucasi sub-
alpini, (Bieb.) (v. v. c. fl. delaps.)

A low stiff shrub. Prickles straightish, strong,
those of the ramuli intermixed with numerous sho
tender setz, tipped with a grey gland. Leaves rather
hairy: stipule narrow, spreading, glandular, somewhat
undulated; petiole prickly, glandular; leaflets 5-7,
oval, pointed, doubly serrated, frosted all over with
grey glands, their odour oily unlike that of R. rubigi-
nosa, (sui generis). Flowers solitary, pale red, almost
sessile, involucrated by about four approximated, ho-
rizontally spreading, reduced leaves, rarely having
bracteze ; peduncles slightly pubescent ; tube of the calyx
roundish, naked; sepals spreading, foliaceous, with
very numerous equal narrow segments; disk almost
obliterated and mouth wide; styles very villous. Fruit
ovate, smooth, bright red, crowned with the narrowed,
connivent, glandular sepals, its peduncle with no hairs.
Lyell’s MSS.

A very curious plant, for which Iam obliged to
Mr. Lyell. It was imported by Loddiges under the
name of R. precox.

From R. rubiginosa it is very distinct, as indeed it
is Poti every thing else. The approximated floral
leaves, grey with glands on their upper surface, and
its dwarf, stunted habit distinguish it without difficulty.

Native of the subalpine hills of Caucasus, where it
was gathered by Bieberstein.

94 ROSA CUSPIDATA.

51. ROSA cuspidata.

R. sepalis hispidis in cuspide lineari-lanceolato serrato
ipsis longiore productis. :

R. cuspidata Bieb. taur. cauc. 1.396. Poir. enc. bot.
suppl.

Hab. in aggeribus inter vineas circa oppidum Kisljar.
Floret Junio. (Bieb.)

Two or three feet high, much branched. Prickles
very strong, much dilated at the base, hooked, and
scattered. Stipules acute, glandular on the outside ;
petioles prickly and glandular; leaflets 7, ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, finely and doubly serrated, smooth above,
hairy beneath. Flowers numerous, the size of R. ca-
nina; peduncles, tube of the calyx, and sepals ve
rough with glands; the latter with a linear-lanceolate,
serrated point, longer than themselves, at the base pin-
natifid; petals white; styles hairy, much shorter than
the stamens. Fruit globose, hispid, dark purple?
(atrocerulei.) Bieberstein.

This is known only from the above description of
Bieberstein. I have little hesitation in referring it to
this division, on account of the glands on the stipule
and petiole. A similar tendency to produce the re-
markable sepals from which it has been named, is evi-
dent in R. pulverulenta.

ROSA GLUTINOSA. 95

52. ROSA glutinosa.

R. ramulis pilosis, foliolis incanis suborbiculatis viscosis.

R. pumila alpina, pimpinellz exacté foliis sparsis, spinis
incurvis, aquaté purpurea; Cupan. panph. ed. 1. t.
61. ex Smith.

R. cretica montana, foliis subrotundis glutinosis et vil-
losis Tourn! cor. 43.

R. glutinosa Smith! prodr. fl. grec. 1. 348.

R. rubiginosa cretica Redout. ros. 1. 93. 125. t. 47.

Hab. in Parnasso, Sibthorp; Siciliz montibus, (Cu-
pani); Crete, Tournefort, (v. s. sp. herb. Smith &
Banks.) ;

(Stem is low and bushy, with numerous stout
branches, Smith) ; the old ones as thick as a goose quill,

- without down, defended by strong, close, unequal, fal-

cate prickles; the young ones downy, with smaller and
more slender prickles, which are often very densely ag-
gregated under the stipule. Leaves hoary; stipule
much dilated upwards, concave, without glands, except
at their edge, which is nearly entire; petioles with a
few little prickles and glands; leaflets 3-7, flat, round-
ish, small, with coarse nearly simple serratures, and a
few glands on the under side, (glandular and viscid on
both ,sides. Flowers small, pale blush, solitary, on
short, bristly viscid stalks, Smith). Fruiét without
bractesze, scarlet, covered all over, as is its stalk, with
little stiff prickles, crowned by the conniyent, nearly
simple, hoary sepals.

For the synonym of Cupani I trust to Sir James
Smith. No copy of his Panphyton containing t. 61
has fallen in my way. This is very nearly allied to R.
rubiginosa, but differs in having hoary leaves and pu-
bescent branchlets; a very curious and important cha-
racter. It appears from Redouté’s figure, which is less
happy than usual, to be cultivated in France; our own
gardens it has not yet reached.

96 ROSA MONTEZUM.

53. ROSA Montezume.

R. ramis inermibus.

R. Montezumze Humb. et Bonpl. nov. gen. & sp. tom. 3.
ined. Redout. ros. 1. 55. ft. 16.

Hab. in jugo montium Mexicz sub gradu 19° latitudinis
septentrionalis, altitudine plusquam 9300 pedum,
in cacumine Cerro-Ventoso juxta S. Petri fodinam,

(H. & B

Unarmed, with smooth branches. Stipules fringed
with glands; petioles downy, armed with many little
prickles ; leaflets 5, oval, acute, naked on both sides,
dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers pale red,
solitary, without bractece, sweetscented; peduncle and
elliptical tube of the calyx naked; sepals compound,
dilated at the end. Redout. 1. c.

So incomplete is the account given in Redouté’s
work of this most interesting plant, that it is quite im-
practicable to ascertain with certainty, even the division
in which it should be arranged. The figure is probably
taken from a dried specimen and is very like R. rubigi-
nosa; yet the leaves are described as naked on both
sides. If it be really an unarmed species, it will be
easy to characterize it; but if, as I believe, it is only
an unarmed branch that is figured, and if it do not be-
long to this division, it must be placed in the next;
but then I do not perceive how it is to be distinguished
from R. canina. The petioles are said to be prickly, and
I know no instance of a species without prickles on the
branches, producing them on any other part.

It was found on the chain of porphyry mountains
which bound the valley of Mexico on the north, at the
elevation of 1460 toises, on the top of Cerro Ventoso
near the mine of San Pedro. The thermometer in
May from 10° to 11° of Reaumur.

rea Ceetagptitcly MfO Ftecadielly 1320.

Fab M

ROSA CAUCASEA. IT

Diy. IX. Cine’ Aculei aquales adunci. Foliola
ovata eglandulosa, serraturis conniventibus. Sepala
decidua. Discus incrassatus faucem claudens.
Surculi majorum arcuati.

e disunion of styles will prevent any individuals ea this
Mad being confounded with the next. 'The e
feng which distinguish it from the preceding Divisions have |
been explained under their respective heads. Mr. Sabine has a
plant of &. canina which produces sete ; but this is a solitary ex-
ception and cannot affect the general importance of the character
I have assigned to the section.

54. ROSA caucasea. Tab. 11.

&

R. foliolis mollibus om. ovariis 50-60.
R. caucasica Pall. ross. 62. Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 400.
Ait ! kew. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith in Rees in l.

ab. in Iberia (Steven.) (v. v. Cc)

This has so great a resemblance to many states of
the next species, that I almost doubt whether they
really be distinct. The present plant may be usually
distinguished by a very robust habit, broad and soft
leaves, and flowers growing in bunches. The fruit is
very large and its flesh is soft. R. canina, it is
true, sometimes has the greater part of these peculiari-
ties, but its leaves are not soft; on the contrary, their
“pubescence is harsh. The most certain test, however,
of the species seems to be its unusually numerous
ovaria, which it in the central flower are not less than 50
but frequently more than 60; while canina has aged

1]

98 ROSA CANINA —

- Pallas must have had a very imperfect specimen be-
fore him, as he describes his plant without prickles.
Bieberstein appears to have ascertained the incorrect-
ness of this, and properly corrects him.

The serratures are always double.

55. ROSA canina.

R. foliolis rigidis ovatis, ovariis 20-30.

R. canina Linn! sp. 704. Bull. par. t. 276. All. pe-
dem, 2.139. Willd. sp. 2. 1077. Ménch meth.
689. Lawr. tt. 60 & 81. Wib. werth. 264. Rés-
sig. ros. tt. 21.29. Curt. Lond. t. 299. Afz. tent.
prim. Smith! britt. n. 6. es bot! 992. Svensk
bot. t. 29. Gmel. bad. als. 2.422. Brot. lus. 1.

Jig. Fil. dan. t. 555. Smith in Rees in l. Woods!
in act. linn. 12. 223. Rau enum. 71.

R. dumalis Bechst. forstb. 241 & 939 ex Rau.

L’eglantier Regn. bot. c. fig.

R. andegavensis Bat. main. & loir. 189. suppl. 29.
Redout. ros. 2. 9. t. 3. ;

R. glauca Lois. in Desv. journ. ?

R. arvensis Schranck monac. c. fig.

R. glaucescens Mer. par. 192.

R. nitens Mer. I. c.

R. teneriffensis Donn! cant. ed. 8. 169.

R, oe Achar. in kongl. vetensk. acad. handl. 34.
ake he

R. surculosa Woods ! in act. linn. 12. 228.

R. sarmentacea Woods # in act. linn, 12. 213.

R, nuda Woods! 1. c. 12. 205.

ROSA CANINA. 99

R. affinis Rau enum. 79.

R. glaucophylla Winch! ess. geogr. 45.

8 aciphylla, pumila, foliis utrinque impubibus flori-
busque multo minoribus.

R. = Rau enum. 69. c. fig. Redout. ros. 2. 31.

y egyptiaca, foliolis laté ovatis, grossé serratis utrinque
impubibus, receptaculo elongato.

R. indica Forsk. p. exiii?
d collina, foliolis infra y. petiolo hirsutis, sepalis pedun-
culisque hispidis, disco conico.
collina Jacq! austr. 2. 58. t. 197. All. pedem. 2
140. . Willd. sp. 2.1078. Bieb. taur. cauc. 1. 399.
Ait ! kew. 3.266. Mer. par. 191. Woods! in act.
linn. 12.219. Rau enum. 163. Redout. ros. 2. 13.
£. 6,

a

. umbellata Leyser pal. 435.
fastigiata Bat. main. & loir. suppl. 30. D.C. suppl.
535.

mS

. platypbylla Raw enum. 82.

R. psilophylla Raz Z. c. 191.

R. solstitialis Besser. galic. primit. 1. 324.

« dumetorum, tise utrinque hirsutis, sepalis pedun-
culisque glabri

R. sepium Borkh. Faint 1527 ex Rau enum. 90.

R. dumetorum Thuill. par. 250. D. C. suppl. 534.
Rau enum. 85. Woods! in act. linn, 12. 217.

R. corymbifera Gmel. bad. als. 2. 424.

R. leucantha Lois. not. 82. Bat. l.c. 32. Mer.
193. D.C. suppl. 535. Redout. ros. 1. 129. ¢. "9,

R. obtusifolia Desv. journ. 2. 317.

R. leucochroa Desv. l. c. t.15. D. C. hort. monsp. 138.

R. stylosa 6 Desv. l. c.

R. bractescens Woods ! in act. linn. 12. 216.

2 ceesia, foliolis ceesiis utrinque pilosis, tubo calycis el-

liptico
o 2

100 ROSA CANINA.

R. cesia Eng. bot! t. 2367. Smith! in Rees in I.
Woods! in act. linn. 12. 212.

Hab. sepibus ruderatisque totius Europe Asizq. sep-
tentrionalis, pro loco polymorpha; Teneriffe Mas-
son; ( circa Wirceburgum (Rau); et verosimiliter
alibi locis sterilibus; y Aigypto? Forskahl ; ¢ Scotiz
montibus borealis, Borrer, Jackson, (v. v. sp. 5
y herb. Banks). |

__A straggling briar six or seven feet high. The
branches bright green, reddish brown on the sunny
side; armed with strong, scattered, hooked, nearly
equal prickles (rarely straight, and then much closer
together) and no sete. Leaves distant, pale or dark
green, frequently tinged with red, in exposed situations
usually much blistered by the sun, quite free from
pubescence; stipules rather dilated, a little reflexed,
acute-pointed; petiole armed with a few, little, hooked
prickles; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oblong, acute or round-
ed, sessile or subsessile, flat or concave, even or rugose,
coarsely or finely, simply or doubly serrated, the ser-
ratures always acute, without glands, and converging.
Cymes one or many flowered; bractew ovate-lanceolate,
appressed, acute, concave or flattish, finely toothed
and glandular at the edge; peduncles and calyx smooth;
tube ovate; sepals spreading, sharp-pointed, deciduous,
somewhat divided; petals obcordate, concave; disk
very thick, elevated; ovaries 20-30; styles nearly
smooth, distinct, included or a little exserted. Fruit
ovate or oblong, scarlet, shining, without any bloom ;
pericarps large, uneven. |

_. A more striking instance of unimportant characters
being made the test of species than the preceding list of
synonyms presents, is not to be found in the whole ve-
getable kingdom. Surely it is not surprising that the
most common species of the genus, whose. fruit is
scarcely ripe before it is devoured by small birds, and
deposited by them in every possible variety of soil and
situation, should frequently assume features consider-
ably different from its more general appearance. An

ROSA CANINA. 101
yet on such differences, which in less variable genera
would scarcely have been trusted, have writers on
Roses attempted to establish their species. Pubescence
has received much attention ;‘on its absence, presence
and quantity R. collina, dumetorum and canina of
authors and bractescens of Woods are divided from
each other. Yet examine for a moment R. canina, as
it grows in every hedge. A careful observer will pre-
sently discover on the same plant some leaves entirely
naked, and others in which the midrib and primary
veins of the under surface are clothed with hairs. Here,
then, is the first approach to pubescence, which, be-
coming inereased in quantity, distinguishes. R. collina ;
this usually has hairs on the upper surface of its young
leaves, but none on the old ones. In R. dumetorum
there is a further increase of pubescence, which then
covers both sides of the leaves, and, becoming very
dense and permanent, forms R. bracteseens of Woods.
The distinction between simple and double serratures
in this species I confess myself unable to understand.
I have attempted to draw a line of separation between
them, but without success. They have no limits; for
no one can always say whether the serratures of a par-
ticular leaf are simple or double. But the value of
these and similar characters has been already dis-
cussed. It is therefore unnecessary now to extend their
examination.

The foregoing description applies strictly to R. ca-
nina « When this is weak and grows in woods or
shady places among grass, it has straight prickles and
becomes R. nuda of Woods; with very distant aculei
it is R. andegavensis of Batard; with very dense ‘ones
it is R. canina § of Rau. The stem is slightly setige-
rous in a plant in Mr. Sabine’s garden. Another of the
same collection has the leaves bipinnate. The leaflets
are dull in R. sarmentacea and canina B of Woods;
much rounded, with blunt serratures, ma plant from
Mr. Lyell; irregularly serrated in R. sarmentacea of
Woods and affinis of Rau; pubescent on the upper sur-
face in affinis. The sepals are assurgent, and disposed

102 ROSA CANINA.

to become persistent in Mr. Winch’s glaxcophylla;
nearly simple in R. canina 3 of Woods; and glandular
on the outside in glaucophylla. The disk is flat in R.
surculosa 3 of Woods. The fruit is nearly round in R.
canina < and sarmentacea 5 of Woods; at the same time
very small in R. teneriffensis of Donn; and rough in
R. canina y of Woods and andegavensis of Batard. In
the latter the peduncles are hispid. Such is the most
common R. canina and that with which Linnzeus was
best acquainted. The Teneriffe plant is very impatient
of cold, flowers sparingly, and produces little mis-
shapen fruit. Mr. Winch’s glaucophylla is a remark-
able variety with obovate fruit and nearly persistent
sepals.

The difference of 6 seems to be nothing more than
the smaller size of every part; an appearance which is
by no means uncommon in this country, although I
have never observed it in so remarkable a degree as
Rau's figure indicates. The specimen figured by Re-
douté is evidently an approach to a more robust mode
of growth. Perhaps it is the same sort of variety of
canina, as the dwarf Chinese Rose of the gardens is of
R. Indica.

Iam acquainted with y only from a specimen in
Sir Joseph Banks's herbarium, from Forskahl, marked
R. ewgyptiaca. It is distinguished by the unusually
deep serratures of the leaves and its very long re-
ceptacle. Forskahl mentions no Rose as having been
found by him in Egypt; can this, then, be what he
calls R. indica, found on the mountains of Arabia felix ?

A has the lower sides of the leaves hairy, the upper
surface shining, and the sepals and flowerstalks usually
hispid. In other respects it is not to be distinguished
from R. canina a. The R. collina of English Botany
belongs to a very different plant, R. systyla. R. platy-
phylla of Rau has smooth peduncles; and R. ake
-phylla of the same author has downy petioles with a
naked under-surface to the leaves. R: fastigiata of
Batard has no character whatever to distinguish it.

ROSA CANINA, 108

To R, dumetorum of Thuilliers the succeeding list
of synonyms may be referred. It is distinguished from
canina a by its dull grey hue, occasioned by the dense
pubescence of every part of the leaves: but by nothing
else. It is more frequent in North Britain than else-
where. The petioles are sometimes unarmed, as in R.
sepium of Rau. R. leucochroa has the styles a little
exserted and united by their hairs. Care must be
taken not to confound this with R. systyla, whose styles
are smooth and consequently cohere from some other
cause than the intertexture of their hairs. I have spe-
cimens from Mr. Lyell of a very grey Rose gathered at
Kinnordy, with nearly simple sepals, which must be
referred here. RR. bractescens of Woods has very short
peduncles and large bracteze; but I have examined
Mr. Woods’s own specimen in the collection of the
Linnean Society without being able to distinguish it
from R. dumetorum. Every diversity of form of bracteze
and length of peduncle may be observed in the hairy-
leaved canina of Scotland.

R. cesia is a curious plant, first taken up in Eng-
lish Botany. It is scarcely found out of the highlands
of Scotland and there very sparingly. Its very glau-
cous hue distinguishes it.

There is a remarkable peculiarity in R. canina, that
the further to the North any variety of that species is
found, the more villous are the styles; and the less so
as it proceeds southwards; hair entirely vanishes from
those organs in Madeira.

Its long rambling shoots are sometimes applied to
the same purposes as those of Rubus fruticosus ; but
they are inferior, being more brittle. The Tartars boil
the twigs and leaves for tea; some Russians also have
this custom, especially in Siberia, and praise its reviv-
ing stomachic qualities. Those of the Volga prepare a
spirit from the flowers by fermentation. In the Ukraine
these are made into a preserve with honey and sugar.

104 ROSA RUBRIFOLIA.

56. ROSA rubrifolia.

R. aculeisparvis distantibus, foliolis ovatis. ramisq.
glaucis opacis discoloribus, oyariis 20-3

‘R. rubrifolia Villars dauph. 3. 549. Bellardi in act.
taur. 1790. 229. t.9. Willd. sp. 2. 1075. Jacq.
fragm. 70. ¢..106. opt. an Lapeyr. pyren. 284.
Smith in Rees in l. Redout. os. 1. 35. t.4. Land-
» ley in Bot. reg. t. 430. —

R.n. 1101 6 Hall. helv:

R. multiflora Reyn. act. Laus. 1.70. t. 6.

R. rubicunda Hall. fil. in Rom. arch. b..1. st. 2. p. 6.

-R. canina 6 Suter helv. 1. 302... ;

R. glauca Desf. cat. H. P. 175. He 3

‘R. glaucescens Wulf. in Rom. arch. 3. 376.

‘R. lurida Andrews’s roses.

R. cinnamomea y Redout. ros. 1. 134.

Hab. in sylvis circa Lans, (Villars); in alpibus Sabau-

~ dize, (Bellardi), Hooker ; Helvetiz, (Haller) Hooker;
Austria ad Gutenstein, (Jacquin); Pyrenzeis, (La-
ig ponte Alvernize, (Redouté) ; ( vi. ¢.

8

es ce

OP deep red or purple, covered with a pale
‘bloom and armed with small, short, pale, hooked,
equal Biches which are very dense but not larger
_on the rootshoots. Leaves tinged with red, very glau-
,cous, rugose, opaque. Flowers deep red, small ; ; sepals
“very narrow and longer than the petals ; disk much
‘thickened, almost closing the orifice. Fruit oblong
with very tender flesh. Otherwise with the characters
of R. canina, from which, nevertheless, its whole ap-
pearance is dissimilar. td proper attention be paid to

Sab 12.

SS

IN
~!
nck ai

>
ae
SS -

SH Wild te

Cug-det

Pe vukdey

ROSA SERICEA. 105

the dull glaucous-red bloom of the branches, their
small prickles, and the long sepals, it will never be
confounded with canina. It has been strangely reduced
to R. cinnamemea by Thory; on what grounds I am
quite at a loss even to conjecture.

57. ROSA sericea. Tab. 12.

R. aculeis stipularibus compressis: superioribus runci-
natis, foliolis oblongis obtusis apice serratis subtus
sericeis.

Hab. in Gossam Than, Wallich. (v. s.s. herb. Banks.)

Branches brown, stiff, straight, the old ones very
rugose. Prickles very large, ovate, compressed, their
point turned upwards, placed under the stipule.
Leaves very close; stipule long, narrow, concave, with-
out pubescence, fringed or naked at the edge, falcate
and dilated at the end; petioles very slightly downy or
naked, unarmed, or furnished with a few sete and
straight prickles having a broad base ; leaflets 7-11, ob-
long, flattish, waved, green and naked above, paler with
the rib and principal veins silky beneath; at the end,
which is blunt, simply and deeply toothed: the ser-
ratures acuminated. The petiole in some specimens is
unusually elongated before the first leaflet is set on.
Flowers solitary, concave, without bractez, erect or
nodding: peduncle and calyx naked; tube ovate; sepals
ovate with a very narrow point, slightly pubescent.

This is the first of a set of species found only in the
warmer countries of Asia, but not materially receding
from the characters of the division. It is remarkable
fcr the silky under side of its oblong leayes which are

P

106 ROSA INDICA.

blunt at each end, and serrated only at the tip, but
there deeply.

Discovered very recently in Gossam Than, and with
R. macrophylla found in the same district, it exhibits
the nearest approach among the Indian Roses to those
of Europe. :

The specimens from which my description and
figure are taken are in the rich collection of Sir Joseph
Banks.

58. ROSA indica.

subtus glaucis, ovariis 40-5

a vulgaris, fructu turbinato.

R. indica Lin! sp. 705. Willd. sp. 2. 1079. Lawr
ros. t.26. Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith! in
Rees in 1. Redout. ros. 1. 51. ¢. 14. 2. 35. #. 15.

R. ani Linn! syst. veg. ed. 13. 398. Smith! in Rees
in I,

R. foliolis ellipticis acuminatis glabris crenato-serratis
0.

R. semperflorens carnea Ross. ros, t. 19.

G odoratissima, fructu ovato, floribus odoratissimis.

R. odoratissima Sweet! hort. sub. lond.

R. indica fragrans Redout. l. c. 61. t. 19.

y pumila, fruticulus, omni parte minor.

R. indica pumila Redout. ros. 1.115, #. 42.

9 longifolia, foliis lanceolatis, ramis subinermibus.

R. ngs Willd. sp. 2. 1067. Redout. ros, 2. 27.

Hab. in China juxta Cantonem Sinarum, Staunton.
(v. v. c. & s. sp. herb. Banks.)

ROSA INDICA. 107

Branches stout, glaucous green, armed with brown,
scattered, compressed, hooked, equal prickles. Leaves
shining, without pubescence; stipules very narrow, sub-
ulate and glandular at the point; petioles rough with
setze and little short, hooked prickles; leaflets 3-5,
even, elliptic, acuminate, nearly simply crenato-serrat-
ed, above dark green, glaucous beneath. Flowers very
numerous, usually semi-double; bractee narrow, lan-
ceolate, without pubescence, toothletted, glandular ;
peduncles long, rough ; tube of the calyx oblong, naked;
sepals deciduous, nearly simple, ovate, pointed, glan-
dular on the outside; petals obcordate, concave;
stamens 105-110; disk a thick flattened cone; ovaria
40-50; styles nearly naked, exserted, very slender, dis-
tinct. Frutt obovate, scarlet.

t is now, perhaps, too late to inquire what was
really intended by Linnzeus for R. indica, since his
specific character and description will agree with no
species from China at present known; and the figure of
Petiver which he quotes to this, in which he is followed
by Willdenow, belongs to a widely different plant,
very nearly allied to R. Banksie, and which I have
called R. microcarpa. Ihave, however, examined his
specimen, which I see no reason to doubt belonging to
this species. The specimen which Sir James Smith
considers to have been the foundation of R. sinica I
have also been permitted to see, and I feel little hesita-
tion in pronouncing it to be a monstrous state of the
species before us. The stipulz are narrow, pointed
and finely toothed at the edge; the prickles are straight,
very slender and unequal, which may be reasonably ex-
pected on R. indica in so weak a state as this R. sinica
evidently is. That name, therefore, becomes disen-
gaged, and I have retained it for the plant which was
distinguished by it in Hortus Kewensis.

The delightfully fragrant “ Sweet-scented Chinese
Rose” of the gardens isa variety, with ovate fruit and
a dwarfer habit. It is right that cultivators should
know that there are two sorts of this, of which the

p 2

108 ROSA SEMPERFLORENS.

most common has a very inferior perfume to the other,
which is propagated with more difficulty.

The willow-leaved Chinese Rose, R. longifolia, is
another variety, but it has little to recommend it to
notice. . .

I can by no means agree with the editor of Re-
douté’s Roses, in considering this a variety of R. sem-
perflorens, from which it differs in many important cha-
racters, as will be seen under the following species.

59. ROSA semperflorens.

R. foliolis ovato-lanceolatis crenato-serratis, ovariis 15,
petalis integris.

R. indica Burm. ind. 117?

R. chinensis Jacq. obs. 3. 7. ¢.55. Willd. sp. 2. 1078.
Smith in Rees in l.

R. semperflorens Curt. mag. 284. Willd. sp. 2. 1078.
Lawr. ros. t. 23. Ménch meth. 290. Ross. ros.
t.12. Sm! exot. bot. 2. t. 91. Jacq. schinbr. 3.
t. 231. Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3. 266. Smith! in Rees
in I. ,

R. diversifolia Vent. cels. t. 35.

R. bengalensis Pers. syn. 2. 50.
R. indica Redout. ros. 1. 49. t. 13.—123. t. 46.—2. 37.
t.. 16,

Hab. in China, Ekeberg. (v. v. c. & s. sp. herb. Banks.)

A spreading, elegant shrub. Branches slender,
dark green, armed with scattered, compressed, hooked
prickles and a very few glands. Leaves shining, dis-
tant, deeply stained with purple ; stipule narrow, flat,

;

ROSA SEMPERFLORENS. 109

glandular ; petioles without pubescence, glandular and
slightly setigerous ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, sim-
ply crenato-serrate, flat above, glaucous and slightly
downy beneath: the lowest pair is very small and
usually wanting. Flowers solitary, deep crimson;
bractee narrow, lanceolate, serrated, fringed with
glands; peduncles rough with minute glands; tube of
the calyx oblong, naked; sepals reflexed, deciduous,
narrow, compound, rough on the outside ; petals en-
tire, spreading, nearly flat; stamens 50, deciduous ; disk
conical, thickened; ovaries 15; styles very slender,
nearly naked, exserted, distinct. Fruit spherical.

This is one of the species remarkable for having
stamens which drop off nearly at the same time with
the petals, which 1am not aware to be the case in any
semi-double state of R. indica. From that species it
may be distinguished by its more slender branches,
deep-red flowers, and more membranous leaves, which
are usually stained more or Jess with crimson. There
is also the important difference in number of ovaries,
which are not more than 15 in this plant, and vary
from 40 to 50 in R. indica.

We have many splendid varieties in the gardens
with semi-double crimson flowers, and the French ap-
pear to have some others still more beautiful which
have not yet been imported.

110 ROSA LAWRANCEANA.

60. ROSA Lawranceana. -

R. nana, foliolis ovatis acutis arguté serratis, petalis
~ acuminatis, ovariis 7-8.

R. semperflorens minima Sims. bot. mag. n. 1762.

R. pusilla Mauritius cat. p. 15:

R. Lawranceana Sweet! hort. sub. lond.

Hab. verosimiliter in China. (v. v. c.)

A very low, compact, little shrub, rarely exceeding

a foot in height. The prickles are large, stout, and
nearly straight. Leaflets ovate, acute, flat, very finely
toothed. Petals small, pale blush, pointed; ovaries
7-8. Otherwise with the characters of R. semperflorens,
from which I nevertheless have no hesitation in sepa-
rating it. The difference in number of ovaries in this
division appears constant, and therefore important.
Mr. Sweet introduced it from the Mauritius, some years
ago, and it may be the A. pusilla of the catalogue of
the Botanic Garden there. China is probably its native
country, as it approaches so very nearly to R. semper-
Sflorens.

ROSA SYSTYLA. 11l

Div. X. Systyle. Styli in columnam elongatam co-
herentes. Stipulze adnate.

Habit nearly the same as that of the last division. Leaves
frequently evergreen.

61. ROSA systyla.

R. surculis assurgentibus, aculeis validis aduncis.

a ovata, foliolis ovatis, fructu oblongo.

R. collina Eng. bot ! t.1895. Smith ! in Rees in 1.

R. systyla Bat. main. et loir. suppl. 31. Woods! in
act. linn. 12. 230.

R. — Desv, journ. 2.317. D. Cand. hort. monsp.
138.

R. brevistyla D. C. suppl. fl. fr. 537?

R. dibracteata D. C. Ll. c.

8 lanceolata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, fructu sphzerico.

y Monsonie, caule humiliore: florifero erecto multi-
floro, ramis raré setigeris.

Hab. « in Anglia; Gallia, (Batard, Decand.); @ Hi-
bernia australi, Drummond; y Anglia juxta Wat-
ford, Domina Monro. (v. v. sp.; B. s. sp.3 y. V. ¢
hort. Sabine.)

A shrub with the habit and for the most part with
the characters of R. canina, but differing chiefly in
having its styles united into a long smooth column,
and more flowers in a cluster.

Variety @ was sent to Mr. Hooker from the South
of Ireland by Mr. Drummond. It differs in having
nearly round fruit, and long rugose shining leaves.

112 ROSA ARVENSIS.

Monsonie is a very charming variety found in a
hedge at Watford by Miss Monro. By the wish of
Mr. Sabine it is named after Lady Monson, to whose
garden it was originally removed and whence it has
since been obtained. It appears to be precisely the
same sort of variety of systyla as hybrida is of arvensis,
and may be distinguished from the two preceding va-
rieties by its dwarfer habit, flower-bearing shoots being
erect, stiff, and terminated by an unusually large
bunch of the most elegant flowers; its fruit is more
orange-red than that of the true systyla.

62. ROSA arvensis.

R. surculis flagelliformibus, aculeis inzequalibus fal-
- Catis, foliolis subtus glaucis.
R. campestris repens alba Bawh. pin. 484.
R. sylvestris, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 244.
R. candida Scop. carn. 1. 354.
R. arvensis Huds. angl. “ 1. 192. Linn. mant. 2.
245. All. :

188. Pers. syn. 2.47. Ait! hee a. 259, Smith : ’
in Rees in l. Woods! in act. linn. 12. 232. Re-
dout. ros. 1. 89. ¢. 32. Bot. mag. t. 2054.

R. n. 1102 Hall. helv.

-R. sylvestris om: diss. 10. Poll. palat. 51. Roth.
cat. bot. 1

R. scandens ae weiss. pfl. 118 fide Pohl.

R. herporhodon Ehr ! beitr. 2. 69.

R. Halleri Krock. siles. 2. 150.

R. fusca Monch meth. 688.

R. serpens Ehr. arb. 35. Wibel werth. 265.

ROSA ARVENSIS. 113

KR. sempervirens Ross. ros. t. 32.

R. repens Gmel. bad. als. 2. 418. Willd. enum. 547.
Jacq. fragm. 69. t. 104 opt. Rau enum. 40. )

montana, pumila, fructu hispidulo.

R. montana Vill. dauph. 3.547. Suter helv. 1. 300.
Willd. sp. 2. 1076. Smith in Rees in 1?

y hybrida, surculis crassioribus et brevioribus: flori-
fero erecto multifloro, ramis sparsim setigeris, stylis
discretis.

R. hybrida Schleich. cat.

R. geminata Rau enum. 39.

R. gallica hybrida Ser. mel. bot. n. 1. p.39.

Hab. in Angliz sepibus; Pedemontii, (Allioni) ; Pala-
tinatiis, (Pollich); Germania, (Roth); Silesie,
(Krocker) ; Helvetize planitiebus, Hooker ; i
Delphinattis montibus, (Villars) ; Helvetiz, (Suter).
(®. v. Ss.

Branches flagelliform, procumbent, slender, dull
glaucous-purple, armed with scattered, falcate, or
straightish, equal prickles, those of the old shoots al-
most white, of the young ones smaller and red, some-
times none (in weak specimens). Leaves distant, dark
green, or, on a chalky soil, yellowish; stipules narrow,
flat, naked, fringed with glands, red in the middle;
petioles pubescent, with scattered glands and little fal-
cate, dorsal prickles; leaflets 5-7, flat, ovate, somewhat
waved, simply serrated, very glaucous beneath; the
rib somewhat hairy. Flowers solitary on the branch-
lets, numerous on the rootshoots, white with a yellow
base, and a slight scent, at first cyathiform, afterwards
more open; peduncles rough with glands and a very
few setze; tube of the calyx ovate, naked; sepals short,
ovate, concave, a little divided, those which are so, rough
with glands; petals obovate, emarginate; stamens per-
sistent ; disk elevated, fleshy; ovaries 15-25; styles
united into a long smooth column. Fruit scarlet,
round or oblong.

Q

ie

114 ROSA ARVENSIS.

A very common plant in many parts of England,
adorning the hedges in the summer months with its
elegant, snowy bloom. The flowers are much more
cup-shaped than those of systyla, or indeed of any
other British Rose. Mr. Sabine has a variety with
pink flowers.

Dr. Afzelius considered the Linnzean arvensis to be
something different from our plant, which does not grow
in Sweden; and possibly that variety of cinnamomea
which is figured in Flora Danica under the name of R.

Jluvialis. The Linnzan herbarium throws no light
upon this, nor have I any additional facts to offer in il-
lustration of it.

The styles united in a long smooth column, incor-
rectly described by Sir James Smith as lengthening
after flowering, distinguish this from all the British
Species except the last.. From that it differs in having
long trailing shoots, not stout assurgent ones, which
are dull glaucous green, generally tinged with purple,
and not of the bright green colour of systyla..

To this species the Ayrshire Rose of the gardens is
undoubtedly to be referred, as has already been done
by Dr. Sims. Of this plant, however, there are two
sorts; thé one sold in the nurseries about London, and
cultivated by Mr. Sabine, I suppose is to be considered
the real kind ; and, as I have just observed, is a variety
of arvensis ; the other, which is cultivated at Kew, is
sempervirens, from which it does not appear to differ in
any respect. This has been considered as the real
Ayrshire and published as such under the name of ca-
preolata in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, by
Mr. Neill, who assures us that it received its name
from having been first raised at Loudon Castle, Ayr-
shire, from heps imported from N. America. Without
attempting to dispute the accuracy of this, I must ob-
Serve, that if the seeds were brought from America,
they were carried thither originally from Europe.

_ From R. sempervirens there can be no difficulty in
distinguishing arvensis. The leaves of the former are

ROSA ARVENSIS. 11s

shining, evergreen, and set on at short intervals; of
the latter opaque, glaucous beneath, deciduous, and
covering the branches thinly. The bracteze of arvensis
are short and erect, the flowers solitary; of semper-
virens reflexed with a narrow point and red and shining,
the flowers in bunches. The former often produces a
callosity at the ramifications which, under favourable
circumstances, strikes root; the latter never.

R. montana of Villars is an exceedingly obscure
plant; its author describes it with the styles of arvensis,
and his description answers well to mountain specimens
of that plant brought from Switzerland by Mr. Hooker;
except in not having hispid fruit. If, however, the
R. montana of Villars and Suter be not distinct from
arvensis, there is little reason to suppose that what
other botanists have taken for it are so also. The spe-
cimens from Schleicher under that name which I have
had an opportunity of examining, as far as can be de-
termined from such imperfect morsels, appear to be of
rubiginosa ; and, as Sir James Smith depends upon his
authority in this instance, it is not improbable that the
plant from which the description in Rees’s Cyclopzdia
was formed, is the same. The account of R. montana
in the supplement to the Flore Francaise reads very
like R. rubiginosa also.

Var. y I, for a long time, was disposed to consider
a distinct species. From its habit it might be thought
an hybrid production, between R. provincialis and ar-
vensis, for in flowers, prickly leaves and mode of
growth it seems to partake equally of both. But when
I saw the var. Monsonie of the last species, I was con-
vinced that the present plant bore just the same rela-
tion to arvensis as that does to the species under which
it is placed. Ihave therefore referred it hither, but in
doing so it is necessary to subjoin the principal differ-
ences which distinguish it. The branches have set
sparingly mixed among the prickles; leaflets mieess
oblong-ovate, the younger ones stained with

flowers in — very large, semi-double, of, the
q 2

116 ROSA ABYSSINICA.

most delicate flesh colour; the styles long, exserted,
but not united. It has been found in the neighbour-
hood of Wurtzburg by Rau.

The union of styles was long ago pointed out in
R. arvensis by Lachenal and adopted by Haller and
Villars. Afterwards it was strangely neglected, an
has only been reconsidered within a few years. M. De
Candolle was the first to employ it as a means of form-
ing a natural assemblage among Roses, in his Hortus
Monspeliensis, where he defines six species from which
the last is to be excluded. I have four to add; and R&R.
setigera of N. America has the same structure; but,
on account of its habit and subulate stipulz, belongs to
my division Banksiane.

63. ROSA abyssinica. Tab. 13.

R. surculis -scandentibus, aculeis confertissimis fal-
catis, foliolis ovatis sempervirentibus, calycibus pe-
dunculisque tomentosis.

R. abyssinica Brown! in Salt’s Abyssin. app. lxiv.

Hab. in Abyssinia Salt (v. s. sp. herb. Banks et Lam-
bert.) | ,

This is one of the very few Roses indigenous to
Africa. It was first noticed as a distinct species by
Mr. Brown, in his appendix to the travels in Abyssinia
of Mr. Salt, who discovered it. It can be confounded
with nothing except R. sempervirens, from which it
differs in the following particulars: its leaflets are
shorter with a little stalk, broader towards the point
than at the base; the petioles are exceedingly rough
with unequal glands and setz; the peduncles and calyx
are covered over with a thick down; and the prickles
are exceedingly numerous and strong.

Sat 13.

ROSA SEMPERVIRENS. 117

64. ROSA sempervirens.

R. surculis scandentibus, aculeis subzequalibus falcatis,

foliis sem pel

R. sempervirens PIE Clus. hist.2. Dill. elth.
326. ¢. 245. Ff. 318.

R. sempervirens Linn! sp. 704. Mill. dict. n. 9.

_ Willd. sp. 2. 1072. Lawr. ros. t. 45. Pers. syn.

2.49. D.C’ fl. fr. 4. 446. Ait! kew. 3. 263.

D. C. monsp. 138. Smith! in Rees inl. Ker bot.

reg. t. 459.

scandens Mill. dict. n. 8. Brot. lusit. 1. 341.

balearica Desf. cat. h. p. Pers. syn. 2. 49.

. atrovirens Viv. fl. ital. 4. t. 6.

capreolata Neill in Edinb. philos. journ. 3. 104.

8 microphylla, foliolis suborbiculatis.

R. microphylla Desf. atl. 1. 401.

Hab. in Gallia australi, Decandolle; Lusitania, (Bro-
tero); Italia circa Peestum abundé, Woods; Insulis
Balearibus, Reguien; Grecia (Sibthorp); 6 circa
Tunetam, Desfont. (v.v. c. & s. sp.)

mm

A climbing sla with very long, slender, bright
green, much divided shoots, reddish on one side, and
armed with slender, somewhat hooked red prickles,
Leaves usually deflexed, very shining, evergreen and
without any sort of pubescence ; stipules narrow, red,
reflexed at the end, with a few glands on their edge ;
petioles armed with ‘little curved prickles; leaflets 5-7,
oval or ovato-lanceolate, flat, simply serrated, bright
green on both sides, but much paler beneath. Flowers
very humerous, white and fragrant; Jractee naked, lan-
ceolate, reflexed, stained with red; peduncles naked or
glandular; tube of the calyx ovate, naked or glan-
dular; sepals deciduous, ovate, acuminate, nearly simple,

118 ROSA PROSTRATA.

shorter than the petals, rough with glands; petals ob-
cordate, concave; stamens 138-140, quickly dropping
off; disk conical, very thick ; ovaries 30; styles united
into a long, hairy column. Fruit round, orange-co-
loured, small.

A very ornamental plant, rapidly forming a com-
pact covering to old pales or buildings against which it
is planted. From R. prostrata its rambling shoots and
hairy styles distinguish it. Viviani’s R. atrovirens is

escribed with rough and figured with smooth fruit.

The Ayrshire Rose described by Mr. Neill in the
Edinburgh Philosophical Journal under the name of
capreolata does not appear to differ from this, which is
not a native of America, but is confined to the South
of Europe and North of Africa.

65. ROSA prostrata.

R. surculis prostratis, aculeis subzequalibus falcatis,
foliis sempervirentibus, stylis glabris.

R. prostrata D.C. hort. monsp. 138. suppl. 536.

Hab. in Gallia australi. (Decand.)

This Rose has much resemblance to var. ( of sem-
pervirens, from which it differs in having styles abso-
lutely naked; its tube of the calyx oval-oblong and not
globose ; its stem prostrate, with scattered somewhat
curved prickles; flowers either solitary or nearly so.
Decand. I. c.

Notwithstanding the very great resemblance be-
tween the description of this and sempervirens, I wish to
leave them separate for others who can compare the
two to decide. MM. De Candolle assures me that their
aspect is exceedingly dissimilar, and that they do not
vary when cultivated. :

ROSA MULTIFLORA. 119

66. ROSA multiflora.

es)

- ramulis pedunculis calycibusque tomentosis, foliolis

mollibus lanceolatis rugosis, stipulis pectinatis.

multiflora Thunb. Jap. 214. hae = 2. 1077.

Pers. syn. 2. 50. Ait. kew. ed. 2. 3. 265. Bot.

mag. t. 1059. Smith in Rees in —. Lindley in

Ker’s Reg. t. 425.

flava Donn. Cant. ed. 4. 121.

. florida Poir. enc. suppl. in loc.

. diffusa Roxb. fl. ind. ined?

Hab. in Japonia (Thunb.); China Staunton (v. v. c. &
s. sp. herb. Linn. et Lambert.)

r

os ed

Twelve or fifteen feet high. Branches flagelliform,
naked, flexuose ; prickles in pairs under the stipule,
hooked. Stipule linear, adherent, toothed, downy be-
neath ; petioles very villous; leaflets 5-7, approximated,
rugose, lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, very dull, hairy on
both sides. Flowers of a beautiful pink, numerous,
small, clustered, always double; bractee linear, tooth-
ed, quickly deciduous, downy, as are the pedicels, tur-
binate tube of the calyx, and entire, ovate sepals.
Styles downy, 18-25, united in a column, longer than
the inner petals. "Fruit turbinate, bright red, not
crowned by the calyx, smooth, as are the peduncles.

This is known in the gardens only with flowers in a
double state, which then bear so much resemblance to
those of some species of Rubus, that it is commonly
known by the name of the Bramble-flowered China
Rose. Its fruit has never before been described. For
an opportunity of examining it Iam obliged to Mr.
Lambert, in whose possession is a specimen brought

from China by Sir George Staunton, of what is cer-
tainly this plant, without the pubescence of peduncles

120 ROSA BRUNONII.

and calyx; which is therefore deciduous. It is so un-
like any other plant of the same division, that I know
not with which it can be confounded except with the
next species, from which it, however, differs very essen-
tially.

R. Grevillii, known also under the name of R. Roz-
burghii, is a weak variety.

67. ROSA Brunonii. Tab. 14.

R. ramulis foliolis lanceolatis calycibusq. tomentosis
glandulosis, stipulis integris.

Nomine celeberrimi doctissimique Roberti Brown, Aus-
tralasie indagatoris indefessi, Botanicorum prin-
cipis, qui solus inter hodiernos Rosarum species pro-
posuit novas omnesque recté, insignita.

Hab. in Nepalia Wallich, Buchanan. (v. s. sp. herb.
Banks et Lambert.)

Shrub with the appearance of R. moschata. Old
branches sparingly hairy, stout, armed with scattered,
short, strong, hooked prickles; younger ones downy
and glandular—their prickles falcate. Stipaule linear,
adherent, subulate and spreading at the end, beneath
glandular; as are the petioles, which are hairy and
beset with a few falcate prickles; leaflets 5-7, lanceo-
late, flat, simply serrate, hairy all over, dull green
above, paler beneath and glandular; serratures much
converging. Flowers in bunches; bractee straight,
lanceolate, hairy, rolled inwards at the edge, glandular
at the back; peduncles villous, brownish, covered with
setee and glands which are more densely placed on the
oblong villous tube of the calyx, but more sparingly on
the reflexed sepals; these last seem longer than the

a oa

ROSA MOSCHATA. 121

petals, and are nearly simple; petals white? stamens
and styles like those of moschata.

This highly interesting addition to the division of
Roses with united styles is a native of Nepal, whence it
has been sent by Dr. Wallich. It was also found in
the same country by Dr. Buchanan, who communicated
specimens to Mr. Lambert. Iam unable to refer it to
any species in Roxburgh’s unpublished Flora Indica,
unless it be his R. pubescens,”a drawing of which I
have had an opportunity of seeing. In this, all the
most important characters of R. Brunonii are omitted,
nor are they noticed in Roxburgh’s description. At
any rate, if they should prove the same, so indifferent
a name as pubescens will of course give way to that I
have proposed,

From moschata it differs in having hairy and glan-
dular leaves, branchlets, and calyx; the leaflets also
have an entirely different outline.

68. ROSA moschata.

R. ramulis nudiusculis, foliolis ellipticis acuminatis
subtus glaucis serraturis ona Sai stipulis in-
tegris, sepalis compositis acuminati

R. moschata minor, &c. Bauh. hist. 2. 45 & 47.

R. muscate Regn. Bot. c. ic.

R. moschata Mill. of n.13. Du Roi harbk. 2. 365.

in ae Radiat: ros. 1. 33 ag Bi ‘By 99, t. 3d

122 ROSA MOSCHATA.

R. opsostemma Lhr ! beitr. 2. 72.

R. glandulifera Roxb! fl. ind. ined.

6B nudiuscula, foliolis oblongis acutis impubibus, pe-
tiolis pedicellis calycibusque glandulosis.

Hab. in agro Tunetano? ubi colitur (Desf.) ; Hispania
calidiore, (Quer.), Alstrémer; Madera, Staunton,
(Shutter). (v. v. cult. et s. sp. herb. Smith, Lam-
bert.) :

Erect, much branched. Branches very sparingly
glandular, armed with nearly equal, strong, hooked,
scattered prickles. Stipule linear, adherent, awl-shaped
at the end, fringed with glands, hairy beneath ; petioles
hairy, prickly, and glandular; leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
unpolished, simply and finely toothed, naked above,
glaucous beneath with a hairy midrib. Cymes very
numerous, about 7-flowered, corymbose with downy
ramifications; bractece very deciduous, convex, reflexed,
hairy and glandular; pedicels somewhat glandular,
downy like the ovate tube, and reflexed sepals; these
last elongated, slightly compound, falling off soon after
the petals; petals pure white with a slight scent of
musk, nearly entire, spreading and somewhat convex ;
stamens 80-85, very quickly deciduous ; disk coloured,
thickened and nearly flat; ovaria 20; styles hairy,
united in a long slender column. Fruit sinall, red.

This is one of the few species found in the North
of Africa, extending across the continent from Egypt
to Mogadore and thence to Madeira, whence it was
brought by Sir George Staunton, and by him commu-
nicated to Mr. Lambert. On the authority of Quer, it
is found wild in the temperate and warm provinces of
Spain; and in the Linnzan herbarium is a Spanis
specimen from Alstrémer. But there is no ground for
M. Thory’s assertion, that it is a native of Hindostan.
Roxburgh, who describes it under the name of glan-
dulifera in his MSS. was uncertain how it found its way
into the Botanic garden at Calcutta; but guessed it
might have been introduced from China. ~

\
rv pO g » hho - @ Lop aed

Heed ce Che ech tain, le

Se Fe halipes meee bf

A Miales, bd

—

4a ee Le eT een eae ee
.

ROSA RUBIFOLIA. 193

It is very generally cultivated on account of the
fine musky perfume of its flowers; whence its name.
Our winters, however, are usually too rigorous for it.
It exhibits, apparently, the most compound inflorescence
of the genus; but I am disposed to consider the mass of
flowers i it produces to be formed by the aggregation of a
great number of leafless floriferous branchlets, each of
which considered separately would not be found in a
state of greater composition than is usual; rather than
similar to cymes of Roses in general. The order of
expansion confirms my opinion.

Besides their dissimilarity in habit, it differs from
sempervirens nearly in the same way that abyssinica
does. And it is not the least remarkable part of these
the only Roses strictly natives of Africa alone, that they
should both have down on their branchlets, ramifica-
tions of inflorescence, and young fruit, which is a cha-
racter otherwise peculiar to certain Asiatic species only.

69. ROSA rubifolia.

— —_—~—

R. ramulis impubibus, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis serra-
turis divaricatis, stipulis integris, sepalis ovatis, fruc-
tibus pisiformibus.

R. rubifolia Brown! in Ait. kew. ed. alt. 3. 260.
Pursh am. septr. 1. nn. 9. Smith in Rees in L.

GB fenestrulis, foliolis utrinque impubibus, floribus sub-
solitariis. ae i

R. fenestrata Donn! cant. ed. 8. 170.

Hab. in America septentrionali, Masson (v. v. c. hort.
Sabine ets. sp. herb. Banks.)

A shrub three or four feet high. Rootshoots ascend-
ing, straight; branches — green, without down,

124 ROSA RUBIFOLIA.

sparingly armed with scattered falcate prickles. Leaves
distant; stipules very long, narrow, naked, fringed with
glands; petiole naked, sparingly prickly ; leaflets about
5, ovate, acute, simply serrated, serratures diverging;
bright green, naked and somewhat shining above,
very much paler and downy beneath. Flowers small,
pale red, about three together; peduncle and calyx
without pubescence; the former glandular: sepals
simple, ovate, hairy, reflexed, deciduous; stamens de-
ciduous; styles united into a downy, clavate column.
Fruit about the size of a pea, quite round and naked.

This has hitherto been considered a very obscure
plant, depending almost entirely upon the authority of
the Hortus Kewensis, in the last edition of which it was
described by Mr. Brown from plants raised from heps
sent by Masson from North America. It is a very dis-
tinct species, having little affinity with any other than
R. moschata. From this its naked branchlets, peduncle
and calyx will immediately distinguish it without recur-
ring to other characters. Its habit is the same, but
size less. The flowers, too, are pale red and very
small; quite unlike those of moschata.

The variety fenestralis differs from the true rubi-
folia in the total absence of pubescence on the leaves,
in their paler colour and thinner texture. My figure
was taken from an unusually weak specimen and does
not present the most common appearance of the plant.
The flowers grow generally three or four together.

ROSA LAVIGATA. 125

Div. XI. Banksiane. Stipule sublibere, subulatee vy.
angustissimee, szepius decidaz. Foliola seepius ter-
nata, nitida. Caules scandentes.

The species of this division are remarkable for their long,
graceful, often climbing shoots, drooping white flowers, and ter-
nate shining leaves. ‘Their distinguishing mark is the deciduous,
subulate, or very narrow stipule. Their fruit is very various.
R. hystrix has setigerous branchlets, and R. setigera has united

styles.

70. ROSA levigata.

R. stipulis lineari-lanceolatis semi-adnatis, petiolis in-
ermibus, fructibus muricatis. :

R. levigata Mich. bor. am. 1.295. Pers. syn. 2. 49.
Pursh am. sept. 1... 10. Smith in Rees in 1.

IIab. in Georgiz sylvis umbrosis (Pursh), Fraser. (v.s.
sp. herb. Sabine.)

Stem climbing (Pursh). Prickles scattered, falcate;
stipules very narrow, united to the petiole by a small
part of their lower half, apparently not deciduous,
fringed with glands; petioles naked; leaflets 3, ovate-
lanceolate, when old coriaceous, shining, simply ser-
rated, entirely free from pubescence. Flowers solitary,
large, white; peduncle and tube of the calyx covered all
over with dense, weak, unequal bristles; sepals spread-
ing, ovate with a point, entire, dilated at the end, with
a few bristles at their back; petals longer than the last,
nearly entire. Stamens numerous; mass of stigmas
very large and woolly; disk thickened.. Fruit oblong,
red, muricate with stiff prickles and crowned by the
indurated sepals.

126 ROSA SINICA.

Native of woods in Georgia, where it is said to
climb to the top of the tallest trees. Its resemblance
to the next species is very great, and has occasioned in
one instance the Chinese plant to be mistaken for the
American, and thence to be called Cherokeensis.
They may, however, be distinguished by the following
characters. R. laevigata has a climbing stem, persis-
tent, half-adherent stipules, naked petioles and ribs to
the leaves; R. sinica has a rambling stem, deciduous
subulate stipules, very prickly petioles and ribs. Their
fruit is so similar as not to be distinguished.

The only specimen I have seen was liberally com-
municated by Mr. Sabine.

71. ROSA sinica. Tab. 16.

—_——

R. stipulis setaceis deciduis, petiolis costaque aculeatis,
fructibus muricatis

R. alba cheusanensis iio: um margine et rachi media
spinosis. Pluk. amalth. 185.

R. sinica Ait! kew. ed. alt. 3. 261.

R. trifoliata Bosc. dict. fide Poir.

R. ternata Poir. in enc. bot. 6, 284.

R. cherokeensis Donn! cant. ed. 8. 170.

R. nivea D. C. hort. monsp. 137.

Hab. in China, Bladh. (v. v. c. et s. sp. herb. Banks.)

Branches rambling, armed with scattered, red,
equal, falcate prickles. Leaves very shining ; stipules
setaceous, deciduous, fringed with glands; petioles not
downy, armed with very numerous little prickles;
leaflets ternate, ovate-lanceolate, finely serrated, very
green above, paler beneath with a prickly rib. Flowers
white, solitary; sepals rigid, entire; fruit orange red,
muricate, crowned with the spreading, rigid sepals.

cd

ROSA RECURVA. © 127

This is a species not uncommonly cultivated in gar-
dens, where, however, it has never produced its flowers.
At Montpellier it blossomed and was taken for a new
species by M. Decandolle and published in his cata-
logue under the name of R. nzvea. There, however,
can be no doubt that this is what was intended in the
Hortus Kewensis for R. sinica, which name I have
therefore retained. It may be necessary to observe,
that Linnzeus had another plant in view for R. sinica,
which is noticed in my remarks upon R. indica.

I have already pointed out the differences between
this and R. devigata under the latter species. Their
heps are so similar that Ihave never been able to dis-
tinguish them. Fruit of R. sinica, gathered near
Macao, where it is common, I have received from Mr.
Sabine, and of R. levigata from Mr. Fraser.

The tab. 16 is copied from a Chinese drawing in the
possession of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks.

72. ROSA recurva.

R. stipulis subulatis, foliolis 5-9, petiolis aculeatis,
fructibus muricatis.

R. recurva Roxb. fl. ind. ined.

Hab. in Nepalia, (Buchanan). Roxb, MSS.

Subscandent, well armed with strong, recurved
prickles. Leaflets 5-9, ovato-lanceolate, acutely ser-
rated, smooth. Stipules subulate. Petioles armed.

This stout, straggling, recurved, powerfully armed
shrub was brought by Dr. Buchanan from Nepal to the
Botanic garden, Calcutta, where it has been ten years
without flowering. Roxb. MSS.

128 ROSA SETIGERA.

The above account of Dr. Roxburgh is the only au-
thority for the present species. From the little that is
said of it I should almost doubt its being different from
R. sintca, but I have met with no instance of that
species producing more leaflets than three; this is said
to have from 5 to 9. It should also seem to be more
robust.

73. ROSA setigera.

R. sepalis pinnatifido-setigeris, stylis coalitis, fructibus
muricatis.

R. setigera Mich. bor. am. 1. 295. Pers. syn. 2. 48.
Pursh am. septr. 1. n. 7. Smith in Rees in l.

Hab. in America septentrionali, (Michaux).

Stem erect, smooth, armed beneath the stipulz
with 1-3 short, recurved prickles. Stipudes subulate ;
petiole rough with setz and little recurved prickles ;
leaflets 3-(rarely)-5, oval, usually with a point, acutely
serrated, smooth. Flowers numerous, or sometimes
solitary, rose-coloured ; stalks long, rough with setz ;
tube of the calyx round, rough; sepals with a very nar-
row, sharp point, somewhat pinnatifidly setigerous,
downy and glandular: petals broad, obcordate: styles
twice as long as the tube of the calyx, twisted toge-
ther into a smooth column. Fruit globose, rough.
Ach. Richards MSS.

For the foregoing account of this very little known
species, 1 am much indebted to M. Achille Richard,
who has taken the trouble to examine the herbarium
of Michaux for the purpose. Its united styles distin-
guish it from the rest of this division.

era nent

a ee ee

oy Py /
ln mw ale LE Sos hte.

Fed. Y-

re ut Mabe ae
= J é / az 75 lf > ac thie (he MtTeaty
BS hy « t Kadguray {fe A tigaedigg IOLA, et tid (het, bin

ROSA HYSTRIX. 129

74. ROSA hystrix. Tab. 17.

R. armis ramulorum confertis: majoribus falcatis, fo-
liolis ovatis, fructibus hispido-muricatis. ,

Hab. in Chine provincia Kiangsi, Staunton; Japonia,
herb. Lamb. (v. s. sp. herb. Banks et Lamb.) |

Branches green, flagelliform, armed with nume-
rous, very small and stiff, unequal, straight prickles,
a few large, faleate ones being scattered among them ;
the scars only of the small ones remain on the old
stems. Leaves distant; stipules very narrow, united
halfway, their disengaged part deciduous and leaving a
considerable scar; petioles without down, with a few
falcate prickles; leaflets 3 together, ovate, flat, shin-
ing, simply serrated, pedicellated, dark green above,
pale beneath with a prickly rib. Bractee none; pe-
duncle and oblong purple fruié bristly with dense,
needleshaped, stiff prickles and setze; sepals persistent,
rigid, converging, ovate, pointed, nearly entire, with a
few stiff slender prickles, some of which are marginal;
disk flat, fleshy ; styles hairy, included. Flowers large.

Of this very rare species I have only been fortunate
enough to examine two specimens; one with fruit,
from which the figure is taken, in the herbarium of Sir
Joseph Banks; and the other in flower, but in a very
imperfect state, in the possession of Mr. Lambert, who
obtained it, with a considerable number of other Japan
plants, from a Dutch prize taken in the course of the
last war. .Its branches are covered with little, short,
stiff setee and a few larger falcate prickles mixed
among them. From the ticket of Mr. Lambert's spe-
cimen it appears that the collector took it for the R.
canina of Thunberg.

130 ROSA MICROCARPA.

75. ROSA microcarpa. Tab. 18.

R. floribus corymbosis, fructibus pisiformibus inermi~
bus.

R. cheusan glabra, juniperi fructu Pet. gaz. 57. t. 35.
eae & #

Hab. in Chinz Provincia Canton, Staunton (v. s. sp.
herb. Banks & pict. bs icon, Sinens.)

Branches flagelliform, te By defended by a few
small, scattered, deciduous, hooked prickles, when
young a little downy. Leaves distant, deciduous ;
stipules subulate, quickly falling off; petioles downy or
naked; leaflets 3 or 5, oblong, or ovato-lanceolate,
naked, simply crenato-serrate, above shining, dark
green, beneath paler. Flowers very numerous, small,
white; bractece deciduous ; stalks smooth ; fruit ‘scarlet,
the size and form of that. of Crateegus oxyacantha ;
styles 15, hairy, very little exserted; disk flat; sepals
deciduous ; _pericarps 2-3 roundish, naked, very shining.

There can be no stronger evidence of the very im-
perfect knowledge of Linneeus in Asiatic Roses than his
citing this, which is very well figured in’Petiver, to so
dissimilar a plant as R. indica. This error has been
continued by Willdenow, who probably, on that ac-
count, considered Linnzeus’s R. indica to be something
with which he was unacqaainted.

It has a near affinity to R. Banksie, from which its

prickly stem, in a young state slightly downy, and dif-
ferently shaped leaflets, sufficiently distinguish -it.

ROSA BANKSI&. 131

76. ROSA Banksie.

R. ramis et fructibus inermibus.

R. Banksiz Brown! in Ait. kew. ed. alt. 3. 258. Smith!
in Rees in 1. Curt. mag. t. 1954. Lindley in
Ker’s reg. t. 397. Redout. ros.

R. Banksiana Abel chin. 160?

R. inermis Roxb. MSS?

Hab. in China, Ker. (v. v. c.)

mo

Branches wnarmed, weak, climbing, dull green.
Stipules subulate, quickly deciduous, somewhat hairy ;
petioles naked, rarely hairy; leaflets 1-5, flat, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, often waved, simply serrated, en-
tirely free from pubescence except at the base of the
middle nerve, where they are very hairy. Flowers nod-
ding, numerous, small, white and very double, with a
weak but very pleasant scent ; bractece minute, quickly
deciduous ; peduncles naked, very slender, a little thick-
ened upwards; tube of the calyx hemispherical; sepals
ovate, pointed, entire; styles distinct, little exserted.
Fruit unknown.

This is the most elegant of the genus, growing with
great luxuriance in the open air, and producing its
charming blossoms in the utmost profusion. Mr.
Brown first noticed it in the last edition of the Hortus
Kewensis, and honoured it with the name of Lady
Banks. An excellent figure of it is published in the
Botanical Register.

R. inermis of Roxburgh’s unpublished Flora Indica
is probably this species; and if so, a variety of it called
Wong-mouc-heuong, with double yellow flowers, is
cultivated in the Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

s 2

132 SPECIES INCERTA! SEDIS.

* SPECIES INCERTZ SEDIS.

77. Rosa pseud-indica.
Hab. in China (v. ic. pict. bibl. Lambert.)

Habit of R. indica. Prickles nearly equal. Stipuies
very hairy. Peduncle without bracteze, covered with
little short prickles. Tube of the calyx and sepals very
hairy? Flowers double, deep yellow. Leaves more
finely serrated and coriaceous than of R. indica.

78. Rosa xanthina.
Hab, in China (v. ic. pict. Bibl. Lambert.)

A Rose with all the appearance of R. spinosissima
except having no setz and double flowers the colour of
R. sulphurea.

SPECIES DUBL. 183

** SPECIES DUBLE, QUIBUSDAM PRIORUM
FORTE REFERENDA.

SR

79. R. agrestis Gmel. bad. als. 2. 416.

R. germinibus subglobosis pedunculisque hispidulis,
foliolis rotundis obtusis, equaliter dentatis subtus
venosis albido-tomentosis, caule aculeolis raris rec-
tis, floribus solitariis. Gmel.

Hab. in agris argillaceo-lutosis calcareis apricis inter
segetes nec alibi (Gmel.

Shrub afoot or foot and half high, erect. Branches
slender, smooth, green, unarmed at the base, upwards
covered with a few, little, straight, unequal prickles.
Leaflets sessile, round, obtuse, equally toothed, smooth
and deep green above, veiny and white with down be-
neath. Petioles nearly smooth. Stipules narrow lan-
ceolate, acute, smooth, entire. Flowers solitary, large,

white. Tube of the ‘calye roundish, rough. Sepals
compound, hispid, white at the edge with down, shorter
than the petals. Fruit roundish, smooth, red, fuscous.

Gmelin.

Perhaps allied to R. tomentosa.

Co

80. R. hispanica Mill. dict. n. 7.
R. foliis utrinque villosis, calycis foliolis acuté serratis,
fructu glabro. Mill.
Hab. in Hispania.
Stem four feet high. Prickles APOE: Flowers
bright red, appearing in May. Mill.

134 SPECIES DUBLE.

81. R. gemella. Willd. enum. 544.

R. germinibus depresso-globosis pedunculisque glabris,
floribus subgeminatis, foliis oblongis acutis, petiolis
venisque subtus pubescentibus, aculeis caulinis ge-
minatis. Willd, 1. c.

Hab. in America boreali.

Aculei breves uncinati geminati infra axillares, non’
stipulares. Petala rubra. Media inter R. lucidam et
carolinam, sed folia nullo modo nitida. Willd.

This is adopted by Pursh without addition or any
further remark, than that it is a low shrub with a large
flower, growing on dry sunny hills from New England
to Carolina. ,

R. gemella may bea distinct species, but by the
preceding account can be distinguished from R. carolina
only by the smooth fruit.

The native country of the Linnzan specimens de-
scribed by Sir James Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia is
unknown. They are very incomplete; but as far as
any opinion can be formed of them, are European and
probably of R. cinnamomea, the leaflets being only a
little broader than usual. Certainly they answer in no.
way to Willdenow’s description, “‘ Media inter lucidam
et carolinam.”

82. R. Lyonii Pursh am. septr. 1. 345.

R. germinibus subglobosis glabriusculis, pedunculis
hispidis, petiolis subaculeatis, caule glabro, aculeis
‘Sparsis rectis, foliolis (3-5) ovato-oblongis acutis
serratis, supra glabriusculis, subtus tomentosis, su-
perioribus simplicibus, floribus subternatis, stipulis
linearibus, calycis laciniis tomentosis linearibus vix

- laciniatis. Pursh l. c. :

Hab. in Tenassee, Lyon. Flowers pale red; leaves
small, with coloured veins. Pursh. —

SPECIES DUBIA. 135

Described by Pursh from specimens in Lyons’s her-
barium.

This is another plant evidently very like R. carolina,
although perhaps sufficiently distinct on account of the
scattered prickles. But when Pursh saw Mr. Sabine’s
Roses at N. Mimms, he pointed out a plant growing
there as his R. Lyonit. This I unfortunately have not
seen with leaves on; but in its leafless state it differs
in no respect from R. carolina except in having smooth
fruit and some of the prickles falcate.

83. R. polliniana Spreng. plant. min. cogn. pug. 2.
pag. 66.
R. calycum tubis ovatis, pedunculisq. hispido-glandu-
— josis; petiolis aculeato-glandulosis; foliolis ovato-
subrotundis utrinque glabris serratis; dentibus glan-
duloso-serrulatis, trunco aculeato. Pollin. plant.

- veron. 13 ex Poir.

This species is related to R. sempervirens, which has
white flowers; leaves simply serrated; petioles smooth;
the divisions of the calyx entire. The present plant has
a stem 4 to 6 feet high, covered with hooked prickles;
the branches hispid, reddish, panicled, with three flowers
or more; petioles very bristly and glandular; leaflets
5-3, roundish oval, somewhat obtuse, green, shining
above, paler beneath; the denticulations glandular and
toothed; stipules ciliated, glandular; bractez amplexi-
caul, reddish, lanceolate, pointed, glandular beneath,
two often opposite with a third larger and lower down;
peduncles reddish, hispid, glandular; divisions of the
calyx pinnatifid; the flowers large, purple; petals oval,
rounded, slightly scented; tube oval, hispid; styles
distinct, twice as short as the stamens; fruit oval, globu-
lar. Grows in hedges at the foot of Mount Baldo.
Pollin. ex Poiret.

A mere variety of rubiginosa? Pollin probably
means to compare it with the R. sempervirens of some
German botanists, not. of Linnzus.

136 SPECIES DUBIZ.

"84, R. hispida Poir. enc. bot. n. ¥5.

R. germinibus globosis pedunculisque hispido-aculeatis;
foliolis ovatis, subtuis albido-tomentosis; caule acu-
leis sparsis, floribus solitariis. Poir. Ll. c.

To this M. Poiret cites R. pomo spinoso, folio hir-
suto J. Bauh. hist. 2. 35. with a mark of doubt. This
figure seems to be R. villosa, and so I should have
guessed R. hispida to be also; but it is described with
leaves smooth above, which has never been noticed in
villosa: possibly it may be some variety of tomentosa;
but in that case Bauhin’s synonym is wrong quoted.

85. R. evratina Bosc. dict.

_R. germinibus ovatis hispidissimis; ramis petiolisque
subinermibus; foliolis quinatis ternatisve; pedun-
culis hispidis, fasciculato-subumbellatis, terminali-
bus. Poir. enc. suppl. 714.

Hab. in Carolina (Poir.)

This species is related to multiflora and yet more to
albain the form of its leaves. Its stems and branches
are smooth, usually unarmed, as are the petioles; the
leaves are composed of 5 and sometimes 3 leaflets,
which are largish, oval, obtuse, nearly equally toothed,
green above, paler and somewhat glaucous beneath;
stipules entire with two sharp teeth. The flowers are
usually terminal, in bunches, almost umbellate; pedun-
cles straight, one-flowered, very bristly and glandular,
as is the oval tube of the calyz, and its limb at the base;
its divisions are oval, entire, acute, with a very long
point; the flower somewhat large, of a pale red.

This plant grows in Carolina and is cultivated in
most gardens of Europe. Poiret.

If this had not been compared with multiflora and
alba I should have taken it for some partially unarmed
variety of R. carolina, which varies prodigiously in size
and form of leaves, prickles and pubescence.

SPECIES DUBIA. 137

86. R. Redutea glauca Thory in Red. Roses. tom. 1. t.
38. p. 101,

This, as M. Thory observes, looks like an hybrid
production between R. rubrifolia and spinosissima, hav-
ing the colour of the former with something of the habit
of the latter. Yet the two remarkable varieties of sys-
tyla and arvensis which I have described, incline me to
refer this to rubrifolia; from which in reality it does
not differ, except in being less and having a few sete.
The aculei at the base of the shoot in the figure are

very similar to those of rubrifolia.

M. Thory has two varieties of this. With @ I am
not acquainted. The variety y is R. nitida’!; with
which the « has not two characters in common.

ed

87. R. clynophylla. Thory in Red. ros. 1. 43. #. 10.

Stem shrubby, silky with hairs. Branches slender,
hairy. Prickles stipulary, two together. Leaves hang-
ing down; Jeaflets oblong elliptical doubly serrated,
shining above, hairy beneath; petioles glandular, hairy,
somewhat. prickly; stipules narrow, fringed, pointed.
Flowers solitary. Peduncles very short, hairy. Tube
of the calyx roundish, hairy, sometimes underset with
floral leaves. Sepals undivided, pointed, silky. Petals
white, somewhat cordate, yellowish at the base. Fruit
roundish. Thory l. c.

Of this I can only judge from Redouté’s figure and
Thory’s description. That it belongs to my Bracteate
there is no doubt, and I should have added that it is
the same as involucrata if I had not Mr. Sabine’s au-
thority for their being very different. I can perceive
nothing in the figure in which they disagree, except in
the absence of bracteze in clynophylla, which, as they
are not noticed in the description, I conclude really
not to be present.

*

138 SPECIES DUBI.

88. R. triphylla Roxb. fl. ind. ined.

Scandent, armed. Leaves ternate, leaflets lanceo-
e.

Brought from China to the Botanic Garden, Cal-
cutta, where it thrives luxuriantly. It is an extensive
rambler, and is known to the Chinese labourers in the
Garden under the name of Tshate-boy-fa.

No figure of this species has been sent home by
Roxburgh. It may be R. microcarpa; at least | know
no other Chinese species to which the above account
can be applied.

89. R. cinnamomea Lour. Coch. 323.

Hoa K6é Cochinchinens.

Mii hoa Sinens.

Hab. ubigue culta in Cochinchina et China. (Lour.)

Stem shrubby, tufted, 3 feet high, branched, prickly;
petioles prickly. Flowers very red, single. Tube of
the calyx round; stalks unarmed; scent scarcely any.
Loureiro.

——

90. R. spinosissima Lour. Coch. 323.
Hoa hotng tat Cochinchinens.
Hab. ubique in Cochinchina (Lour.)

Stem shrubby, 6 feet high, somewhat climbing,
very prickly. Flower blush-coloured, scentless. Tube
of the calyx roundish, smooth. Petioles and peduncles
prickly. Perhaps R. sinica. Loureiro.

It is very evident from the above description of
Loureiro that his plant is not what it calls itself; nor
is there any Chinese species to which it is referable.

SPECIES DUBIZ. 139

91. R. adenophylla Willd. enum. 546.

R. germinibus ovatis calycibus pedunculisque glandu-
loso-hispidis, petiolis glanduloso-pubescentibus in-
ermibus, foliolis simpliciter serratis subtus glaucis,
margine aie ish aculeis ramorum sparsis.
Willd. l. c

Flos magnus ruber, petalis emarginatis. Hee flore
simplici est. A duabus precedentibus (turbinata et
pulchella) figura germinis, foliis ee minute
simpliciter serratis, diversa. Willd

Perhaps something allied to R. parvifolia, if distinct
from it; but that species has never been heard of ina
single state.

92. R. tuguriorum Willd. enum. 544.

R. germinibus subrotundis glabris, calycibus pilosis,
pedunculis hispidis, Sagrie villosis aculeatis, caule
aculeis sparsis. Willd. l.c

Species ad extruendum casas v. tuguria aptissima.
In vernacula lingua Tapeten Rose audit. Willd.

I should have guessed this to be R. arvensis, but
nothing is said of its styles, and Willdenow would
scarcely describe the same species twice over.

- 2

140 SPECIES DUBLE.

98. R. pulchella Willd. enum. 545.

R. germinibus subrotundo-obovatis pedunculis calyci-
busque glanduloso-hispidis, petiolis glanduloso-pu-
bescentibus inermibus, aculeis caulinis sparsis.
Willd, lc.

Hab. 3 3s:

Affinis preecedenti, (R. turbinate), sed cauilis triplo
minor, flores parvi, germinis forma diversa, petioli non
aculeati, et foliola subrotunda, quze in preecedente
subrotundo-ovata. Waiild.

Is this the Rose de Meaux of the gardens? or some
variety of gallica?

94. R. velutina Clairv. man. @herbor. 163.

Fruit round, leaves cottony beneath, edges glan-
dular. Cl.

Hab. in Helvetia circa Bruel, Winthertour.

Perhaps R. myriacantha D. C. Clairv. But this can-
not be, because that species has leaves smooth on both
sides.

(ee

95. R. glandulosa Decand. suppl. 539.

_ This elegant species of Rose forms a dense shrub 7
or 8 feet high ; the prickles are few, straight, and to-
lerably slender; those of the petioles are small and
hooked, intermixed with glandular hairs; leaflets 5-7,
perfectly smooth, somewhat glaucous, oval, obtuse,
small, doubly serrated with glandular teeth; altogether
like those of Burnet; flowers solitary, of a bright rose ;
stalks and tube of the calyx covered with long spini-
form and glandular hairs; stipules fringed with glands;
calyx with an oval tube, its segments almost always

SPECIES DUBL#. 141

entire, a little glandular beneath. This fine Rose
grows in-hedges and thickets in the neighbourhood of
Briangon, especially below the town and along the val-
ley _—s to Lantaret. It flowers in July.. De-
cand. I. e.

Is this distinct from rubiginosa or is it a variety
of tomentosa with smooth leaves?

96. R. arborea Pers. syn. 2. 50.
R. caule arboreo, foliis pinnatis, foliolis ovatis.
Hab. in Persia, Olivier.

Plantulas juveniles e seminibus apportatis tantum-
modo vidi. Pers. 1. c.

97. R. farinosa Rau annie 147.

R. calycis tubo oviformi pedunculisque superne glabris;
foliolis ovalibus utrinque villosis mollissimis, du-
plicato-serratis; petiolis tomentosis cauleque acu-
leatis: aculeis rectiusculis Raw l. c.

R. farinosa Bechst. forstb. p. 243. n. 159 et p. 1646.
Hab. circa Wirceburgum, Rau.

Three or four feet high. Prickles strong, straight.
Young branches armed with slender, straightish, some-
what deflexed prickles; towards the extremities un-
armed. Petioles hoary and glandular. Leaflets on
both sides hoary and soft, above shining like silk, be-
neath glandular atthe midrib. Peduncles 1-3, naked
upwards, downy at the base. Sepals compound with-
out glands. Flowers pale red. Fruit turgid, dull red.
Rau l. ec.

Can this be a good species? Or is it not rather a
stunted R. tomentosa? or perhaps the same as our
hoary Sussex variety of R. Sabini @?

142 SPECIES DUBLZ.

98. R. sempervirens Rau enum. 120.

Probably a variety of R. rubiginosa with prostrate
shoots, naked leaves and stipule. It is astonishing
that so well-known a plant as R. sempervirens with
evergreen, shining leaves, united styles and white
flowers, should be confounded with a plant having de-
ciduous leaves, disunited styles and red flowers.

99. R. trachyphylla Raw enum. 124.

Undoubtedly referable to some variety of R. rubi-
ginosa, differing, however, in having unusually com-
pound serratures to the leaves, and prickles infrastipu-
lary. it can scarcely be R. sepium, as its leaflets are
said to be rounded at the base.

100. R. Orbessanea Redout. ros. 2. 21. c. fig.

Appears to be some garden production and possibly
a variety of R. gallica; with which it agrees in sepals,
habit, and in some measure in prickles; but differs in
shape of fruit. R. turbinata has the same sort of fruit,
but disagrees with this in so many respects that they
can scarcely be considered the same species.

(ee

101. R. fraxinea Willd. enum. suppl. 37.

R. germinibus ellipticis glabris pedunculis glanduloso-
hispidis petiolis sub-aculeatis glanduloso-hispidis,
foliis glabris, caule aculeis sparsis Willd. 1. c. |

Petala obcordata saturate rubra.

PRR RPP RP RP PPP PP

SPECIES NOMINE TANTUM NOT.

*** SPECIES NOMINE TANTUM NOTA.

ere

macrocarpa Maur. cat. 15.
mutabilis Maur. cat. 15.

lutetiana Leman in journ. phys. vol. 87.
urbica tbid.
rustica zbid.

tomentella tbid.

pubescens ibid.

hystrix ibid.

nemoralis ibid.

subvillosa ibid.

cymbifolia zbid.

foliosa ibid.

ambigua ibid.

poterium ibid.

celsii rbid.

eriocarpa tbid.

parvifolia ibid.

ancistrum ibid.

neglecta ibid.

balsamica Willd. enum. suppl. 38.
apiifolia ibid.

corallina ibid.

millesia Linn. amen. acad. 4. 484.

143

ADDENDA.

p- 9. ROSA microphylla.

Since my remarks upon this species were printed,
of which I had no other knowledge than was derived
from a drawing made in the East Indies, Mr. Lambert
has kindly communicated specimens received by him
from Dr. Wallich. It proves, notwithstanding its
apparent resemblance to R. bracteata, to be more
nearly allied to R. sericea, to the vicinity of which it
- must be transferred.

ed

p. 40. insert as synonym of R. rubella R. Candolleana
Red. ros. 2. p. 45. ¢. fig.

p. 44. line 20. After Bell insert “ Pallas (v. s. sp.
comm. cel. Lambert.)”

p. 88. R. rubiginosa.

1. parvifolia, pumila, ramis setigeris, foliolis subro-
tundis.

Hab. in vepretis Taurie montose, Pallas. (v. s. sp.
comm, cel. Lambert.)

A curious stunted variety of R. rubiginosa, found
by Pallas growing in the mountainous part of Tauria.
Its branches are slightly setigerous and its leaves
small and round, like those of R. myriacantha.

U

146 ADDENDA.

p- 105. 56-57. R. microphylla.

R. foliolis nitidis arguté serratis, calyce aculeis densis-
simis muricato, sepalis brevibus late ovatis apicu-
latis.

R. microphylla Roxb. fl. ind. ined.
Hoi-tong-hong Sinensium.

Hab. in China, Rozxb., Wallich. (v. s. sp. comm, cel.
Lambert.)

A little, compact, bright green plant. Branches
naked, slender, somewhat flexuose; prickles under the
stipules, straight? Stipules very narrow, spreading at
the tip. Petioles somewhat prickly, very slender;
leaflets 5-9, very small, shining, roundish ovate, point-
ed, quite free from pubescence, finely serrated.
Flowers solitary, with a narrow pointed bractea, very
double, pale red; calyx covered all over with very close
set, straight prickles; tube round; sepals very short,
dilated, pointed, downy at the edge (like those of R.
bracteata in shape).

A charming little shrub resembling the Macartney
Rose in general appearance; and particularly in the
shape of the divisions of its calyx. It differs from all
in this section in its very densely muricated calyx and
narrow stipulz. See p. 9.

INDEX SPECIERUM

ET

— Spnonpmorumn,.

abyssinica narci
acicularis’ *. *,

aciphylla Rau

adenophylla Willd. .

affinis Rau - .

é
alpina pendulina Red.

pina 8 Ait.
altaica Willd.
ambigua Lem, -
ancistrum Lem
een te Bat.
apvifolia
arborea penne
aristata Lapeyr.
arvensis Huds. .

arvina Kr
atrovirens Viv. .
ustriaca :

balearica Desf: .
balsamica Willd,
Banksize Brown

Banksiana Ab: .

«

e

ee ee
p- 116 | belgica Mill. ,
44 | belgica Brot; . .
99 | bengalensis Pers. .
139 | berberifolia Pall.
99 | biflora Krock. °
133 | bifera Poir
88 | biserrata Mer.
81 landa Ait
37 | blanda 8 Soi :
40 | blanda Brot.
26 | nda Pursh
37 rreri Wds,
26 | bracteata Wendi.
51 | bracteata Monch
143 | bractescens Was.
143 | tt pce
98 |} Brun :
143 he oadiice Pers. :
141 | burgundiaca Ross,
112 cesia Sm -. « «
98 | calendarum Munch.
28 | campanulatu Ehr.
69 | candida Scop. -.
117 | Candolleana Thory
69 | canina Linn.
canina Thunb.
117 || canina 6 Suter
148 | canina 8 D.C.
131 | capreolata Neill.
131 | carolina Linn.

148

carolina Du Roi

mM. «
centifolia Mill.
centifolia Linn.

INDEX SPECIERUM

centifolia minor Ross .

centifolia + Redout.
cerea Ross.

ina Jacq.
collina Smith,

dumalis Becks”

. .

dumetorum Thuill.. p. 99
dumetorum Sm. ‘ 88
dunensis Dod. 50
eglanteria odo Ross. 87

eglanteria M teat BG
eglanteria Linn.

eglanteria punicea Thory
enneaphylla — , 23

eriocarpa 143
evratina Bosc. 136
Jecundissima Munch. 28
feta Herm. . . . 84
Jetida Bat. . : 77
fastigiata Bat. . . 99
farinosa Rau =... 141
Jénestrata Donn. 123
ferox Lawr.’ 3
flava Donn ‘ 119
flexuosa Rau 88
florida Donn. . 23
ida Poir 119
Stuvialis FL. ‘dan. 28
JSoliosa Lem. 143
Srancofurtana Munch. 73
Srancfurtensis Ross. 73
axinifolia 26
Sraxinifolia Dum. . 15
fraxinea Willd. . . 142
6 MORER. os. on ANS
gallica Linn. . 68
gallica hybrida Ser. 113
gemella Willd. . 134
geminata Rau . 113
onda a Roxb. }22
ulosa Bell. 37

a eddloee D.C. 140
glauca Desf. - 104
glawa Lois... . . 98
glaucescens Wulf. . . 104
nesses mers 98
glaucophylla Winch . 99
glaucophylla Ehr. . 46
glutinosa Sim. : 95
gracilis Wds. 74

ET SYNONYMORUM.

Grevillit Hort. .

Halleri Kr. . .
helvetica Hall. f-

hemispherica H erm. .

herporhodon Ehr.
heterophylla Was.

-tong:
holosericea Ross.
hudsoniana Red.
humilis Marsh.
hybrida Vill.
_— Schl.
hystri ge
Jgtiria Lem.

indica Linn. fey

involuta Winch .

kamchatica Vent.
kamchatica Donn. .
kamchatica Red.

levigata Mich. .
lagenaria Vill.
Lawranceana Sek.
axa

leucant ne Lote
leucochroa Desy.

149

longifolia Willd. . wp. 106
lucida Ehr. . j 17
lucida Lawr 10
lurida Andr. 104
lutea Mill. 84
futon Brot: ¢cns?, x 46
lutea bicolor Jacq. . 85
lutea nigra Prom. 21
lutescens Pursh . AT
lutetiana Lem. . 143
Tyeln .. 12
Lyonii Pursh 134
Macartnea Dum. 10
macrocarpa Maur. cat. 143
macrocarpa Mer. . . 88
macrophylla : 35
aialis Retz . 34
maialis Herm ei 3k 28
marginata Wallr. A 58
micrantha Sm. Seas 87
microphylla Desf. eae:
microphylla Roxb. ee 146, 9
microcarpa . vet ABO
millesia Linn. . 143
mollis Sm. . T7
mollissima Bork. 77
m eliaca Gou. 37
montana Vill. . 113
montana D.C. < 88
Montezume H. & B. 96
moschata Mill. . 12]
multiflora Thunb 119
multiflora Reyn ‘104
muscosa Mill. 64
mutabilis Maur. a, e438.
eats Fl. dan. . 34
myriacantha D.C. . . 65
corti ifolia Hall. fo . 88
nankinensis Lour. 54
neglecta Lem. P 143
nemoralis Lem 143
nemorosa Lej pinelie BE
nitens Mi er. orp 98
nitida Willd. ... 13
nivalis Donn. . . ». 56

150 INDEX SPECIERUM

palustris. Marsh
palustris Buch, .
parviflora Ehr,
parvifolia Ehr.
parcifolia Lem.
parvifolia Pall, .
pendula Roth... .

p. 126
eh SOS

s

emea Bieb. . . p- 38
ph ica Gowan. . . oT

pyrena
pyrenaca B Sm... 33

Reimanas Pap. 6 4% &

Redutea Thory Se eons
Redutea rubescens Thor. 13
remensis.Desf.. . 70
repens Gm... .

repens Munch. . . .
reversa W.et K. 2. 57

Reynieri. Hall. . . . 88 |
Roxburghit Hort. . . 120
be eek 40°

rubiginosa Linn. . 145, 86
rubiginosa cretica Red. 95
rubra Lam... ... i % 68
rubra lucida. Riss... . 17
rubrifolia Vill, .. ... «164

rubrispina Bosc. . . 13 .
5

rugosa Thunb. .
rupestris Crantz. . . 87
rustwa Lem... « :. 143
Sabini Wds. . 69
sanguisorbifolia Donn 51
sarmentacea Woods, 98
sativa Dodon. nike 81
scabriuscula Sm, ake 17
scandens Monch 112
scandens Mill 117
scotica Mill, . 1
semperflorens 108

semperflorens carnea Ross. 106

5 baci abating Sims inet
n

sempervirens Rau 142
sempervirens Ross. 113
sempervirens Roth 87
SEN: » Ach; Lire

sepium Thuill,. .- .-. 88
sepium Bork. «

Mricta 5+. +2 BIvopHS-

pansies

ET SYNONYMORUM.

serpens Ehr. . . p.

setigera Mich.
shirazensis Ki aempf.
simplicifolia Salish,
sinica Ait, :
sinica Linn. .
solstitialis Bess.
spinosissima Linn.

panes Mer

stylosa B Deso.

suaveolens Pursh.

sylvestris Herm.
systyla Bat. .

taurica Biebh. . . .
teneriffensis Donn.. .
tenuiglandulosa Mer. :
ternata Poir. .
tomentella Lem.

tomentosa Sm. .
trachyphylla Raw
trifoliata Bosc. .
triphylla Rowb.

tuguriorum Willd. ;

turbinata Aité.
turbinata Vill.
turgida Pers,

varians Pohl. .
velutina Clairv.
villosa Linn.

vil

rm. .
umbellata Leys.

umbellata Leers

unguiculata Der .

urbica Lem
aittaliesen Gat.

Woodsii

xanthina .

Pi | hae

08
+ =

APPENDIX.

eI

When this work was commenced I intended to leave
entirely out of my consideration the innumerable
double Roses of the gardens. And this for two reasons;
they are more property in the province of the cultivator
than of the botanist; and it is well known that Mr.
Sabine has been studying them for many years with a
view to publishing the result of his observations in the
Transactions of the Horticultural Society. Neverthe-
less, by the persuasion of some of my friends, I have
been induced to alter my original intention, and to add
a sketch of a methodical arrangement of the chief
remarkable varieties, for the use of florists, till Mr.
Sabine’s more extensive observations shall appear.

The names I believe are such as are generally em-
ployed in the principal nurseries near ondon. The
are all referable to R. gallica, R. parvifolia, R. centi-
folia, R. damascena, R. alba, and their varieties.

——

Rosa gallica. |
Aimable beauté. i : :
| Carmine brillante.
Chancellor.
Couleur de feu.

Bright purple.
Brunette.

z E
ale
>
=
S
+S

Belle pourpre. Dark marbled.
Belle violette. | Dark violet.
Bijou. | Delicious.
Blue and purple. ingy.

Blue purple. | Double velvet.
Blush hundred-leaved. .

Double marbled.
x :

154

Dutch tree.
Dutch hundred-leaved.

Early Ranunculus.
Soba purple.
ae

Granaat Appel.
Grand purple.

Infernal.
Ttalian.

La grande belle pourpre.

Leyden.

Light purple:
Lisbon.

L’ombre agréable..
L’ombre superbe.

Maiden.

Malabar.

Mignonn

peeing striped.

Nonsuch.

Officinal.

Ornement de parade.
Pestana.

Perruque.

Petitte hundred-leaved.
Plicate.

Pourpre charmante.
Pompadour.

APPENDIX.

Prince William the Fifth.
Pyramidal.

Queen.

Red and violet.

Royal purple.

Royal virgin.

Saint John’s.

Shell.

Single

velve
Singleton’ s Thmdved deav ed.

Spanish.
Stadtholder.

Triumphant.
Tuscany.

Velours pourpre.
Violette et rouge.

R. parvifolia.
Burgundy.

R. centifola.
Aurora.
Beauté supreme.
Blandford.
Black mottled.
Blue.
Blush royal.
Blush cabbage.
Bouquet rouge royale.
Bright crumpled.
Brussels.
Burning coal.
Cardinal.
Carmine.

:
;
;
i
i
:
‘
|
{

Cherry.

Cluster.

Cupid.

Dragon.

Early hundred-leaved.

Elysian.

Emperor.

Grand cremois.

Grand marbled.

‘Imperial blush.

Juno.

King.

Lurid.

Majorca.

Malta.

Mignonne, scarlet.

ne CYIMSON.

————-- purple.

———- favourite.

cnesninrinniinins’ POC.

Mottled purple.

Neapolitan.

Nonpareil.

One-sided.

Paragon.

Persian

Pluto.

Poppy-

Portland.

Pourpre aimable.
favourite.
violette

Prolific.

Proserpin

Provins, single

APPENDIX.
Provins, blush cabbage.
——-- scarlet.

wart.
——- invincible.
- Dutch.
imperial.
——- royal.

‘ Rouge superbe.
Royal red.

Sanspareil. —
Siren.

Spong’s.
Striped nosegay.
Superb carmine.
red.
Surpassante.

Trafalgar.

Versailles.

155

fi. centifoha muscosa.

Single moss.
Double moss.
Double white moss.

Ri. centifolia pomponia.

Dwarf Bagshot.

Pompone.
Proliferous Pompone.

St. Francis.

156

R. damascena.

Blush Belgic.
——- month]
——- damask.
Early blush.

Fringed.

Four seasons.

Great royal.
Grand monarque.

Incomparable.
Imperial blush.

Lesser Belgic.
Pale cluster.

Red damask.
monthly.

APPENDIX.

THE

Red Belgic.
Rouge Agathe.

White monthly.
York and Lancaster.
Zealand.

R. alba.
Celestial.

De Belgique.

Full double white.
Great maiden’s blush.
Moraga la favorite.

Semidouble white.
Spineless virgin

$. GosNneLL, Printer, Little Queen Street, London.

NEW BOTANICAL WORKS

PRINTED FOR

JAMES RIDGWAY,
no. 169,
PICCADILLY.

ei

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