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FLORA VITIENSIS: | «55

v. | A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS

OF THE

VIII OR Fiji ISLANDS

WITH -

.AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR HISTORY, USES, AND PROPERTIES.

BY

BERTHOLD SEEMANN, PH.D., F.L.S., F.R.G.S.,

ADJUNCT. PRÆSIDII OF THE ERIAL GERMAN L, C. ACADEMY NATURÆ OURIOSORUM ; COMMISSIONED BY H.B.M. GOVERNMENT TO EXPLORE THE VITI ISLANDS; AUTHOR OF ‘THE BOTANY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. HERALD.’

WITH ONE HUNDRED PLATES BY WALTER. FITCH, F.L.S.

WE KNOW NOTHING OF THE VITI ISLANDS BOTANICALLY, EXCEPT THAT THEY CONTAIN RICH FORESTS OF SANDALWOOD." Endlicher: Flora of the South Sea Islands, 1836.

LONDON: L. REEVE AND CO,, 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1865-73.

Mo. Bot. Garden, 1900.

PREFACE.

Waen, in 1860, the British Government determined upon sending a mission of inquiry to Viti, it was at first their intention to make it a strictly political one; but on the repre- sentation of the late Sir William J. Hooker (who took a warm interest in the vegetation of the group) that it would be highly desirable to attach a botanist to it, the Colonial Office agreed to give a free passage to the islands and a sum of money (though quite inadequate to provide outfit, travelling expenses, and maintenance in the group) to any scientific man willing to go under such circumstances. Though the acceptance of this involved, as inti- mated, a pecuniary loss which it was then hoped would be covered by the sale of duplicate specimens, yet I gratefully accepted a proposal which offered an opportunity of exploring so little known a part of the world; and on the 10th of February, 1860, one of the Under- Secretaries of State for the Colonies wrote to me :—“ I am directed by the Duke of New- castle to acquaint you that, adverting to your known experiences and labours as a naturalist, His Grace is willing to accept yeu services to proceed in that capacity to the Fiji Islands, _attached to the mission of inquiry.”

Sir William Hooker, when first writing to me about the subject, said —“ You might provide materials for a ‘Flora Vitiensis,’ and I do not doubt of getting money to enable you to carry out the publication ;” and that he had grounds for holding out this hope was . proved by what I subsequently learnt at the Colonial Office. It was therefore an extreme disappointment to me when, after my return in 1861, with a large collection of plants, and when my official report * On the Resources and Vegetable Productions of the Vitian Islands" had been presented to Parliament by command of Her Majesty, and the nature and pos- sible value of the projected publication was evident, I found that the Government did not see fit to assist me in bringing out such a work. Sir William Hooker did all he could to urge the matter, and His Grace the late Duke of Newcastle made an application to

the Treasury to that effect, “but was sorry to inform me that his application had been a

ii” ' PREFACE.

unsuccessful.” Thinking what had been collected at so much expense, under great difficul- ties, dangers, and privations, and in a country only partially reclaimed from cannibalism, was worth being made known, and, moreover, having made it a point in life never to relinquish an idea which I have once made up my mind to carry out, I resolved on the present volume, which Messrs. Reeve and Co. were induced to publish. The time it took to work up the materials and the expense I had to incur were much greater than I had ever calculated upon, and I might have been altogether unable to proceed with the task had I not succeeded in supplying myself with funds for the purpose by undertaking (during the course of publication) three arduous voyages to tropical America. Subscribers will there- fore kindly excuse the delay that has occurred in the issue of the different parts, as without it they would probably not have seen the completion of this ‘Flora.’ . ! It is now my pleasing duty to offer my best thanks to all those who aided, directly and indirectly, in the production of this work. Sir W. J. Hooker, who originated the idea, and who, during the whole time of my exploration of Viti, took the liveliest interest in my pro- ceedings and encouraged me with letters, is unfortunately beyond the reach of my thanks ; nevertheless, I desire to express here my deep sense of obligation and gratitude for having afforded me the opportunity of exploring so interesting a group of islands, and, moreover, I shall always regard his memory with profound and affectionate regard. My sincere thanks are also due to Dr. J. D. Hooker for having by his counsel materially contributed to the results I have obtained. My grateful acknowledgments are due to Messrs. J. J: Bennett and W. Carruthers, of the British Museum, for much assistance rendered in determining my plants and for correcting my proof-sheets. I have also to tender my special thanks to Pro- fessor Reichenbach, for working up the Orchids; to Mr. Herm. Wendland, for the Palms ; to the late Mr. Schott, for the Aroids; to Mr. Carruthers, for the Ferns; to Mr. Mitten, for the Mosses and Hepatice ;-to the Revv. Churchill Babington and J. M. Crombie, for the Lichens; and to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley and Mr. W. G. Smith, for the Fungi. I am much indebted to Professor A. Gray for comparing a set of my Viti plants with those collected by the United States Exploring Expedition, and sending me the result for pub- lication. I should record the names of other friends who have given me assistance in the progress of the work, especially of Major-General Munro, Messrs. Casimir de Candolle, J. Smith, and Ch. Prentice, and the Rev. W. W. Newbould. Last, not least, I beg to tender my thanks to Mr. Walter Fitch for gracing this work by the beautiful productions of his pencil. :

I have already expressed iu the narrative of our expedition, and I have great pleasure in repeating in this place, the many obligations I am under to the Wesleyan missionaries in- Viti, to whom the leaders of their church in London and Sydney kindly gave me letters of introduction, and all of whom received me with cordiality, doing all that lay in their power to further the object of my investigation. Several of them had formed small collec- tions of plants, of which I have been allowed to avail myself in working up this * Flora? We

a PREFACE. di

are also indebted to them for an alphabetical list of the vernacular names of Vitian plants known to them in 1850, and published in Hazlewood's * Dictionary.’ A more intimate ac- quaintance with the vegetation of the group; and the possession of a complete flora of it, will enable them not only to make that list more complete whenever any new edition of the ‘Dictionary’ shall have been determined upon, but also to identify more accurately than was formerly possible, these vernacular names with corresponding scientific ones. Though many vernacular names will be found in my ‘Flora’ which are not in Hazlewood's list ; yet there are, vice versd, many names in the latter which I have as yet not been able to refer to the plants to which they belong. I give a list of these unidentified ones, in hopes that missionaries and others residing in Viti may help us to make them out,—a single leaf or flower sent home in a letter would, in most cases, be sufficient to settle the points.*

In working up this ‘Flora’ I have availed myself of all the material—plants, notes, drawings, etc.—existing in this country and relating to the Polynesian flora. I have carefully gone over all the old collections preserved at the British Museum, commencing with those of the first voyage of Captain Cook; and I have rectified the synonymy by referring to the original specimens and drawings of the Forsters, Solander, Parkinson, and others, and it is pleasing to observe that this part of my labours, tedious as it has been, is duly appreciated by botanists. It was my intention to add to this volume a complete critical list of all Polynesian plants found between 25° N. and 25° S., but in consequence of having intro-

* The following is the list of the desiderata :—

Balabalasa. Damarau. Male. Tagqalitu. Balavatu. Damuni. Masa. Tikau.

Bama. Dawamoli. Matakadokado. Totolu.

Bau. Didi. Me. Toloko.

Baucana. Dredre. Mere. Tuimosi. Baulevu. Gadoa. Mulokaka = Vulo- Tukiyadre. Bauvuli. Gasau. kaka. Ture.

Bausomi. Gi. Qaigai. Uko.

Bawaki. Gigia. Qalaka. Uvitavu.

Bitu. Kabuta. . Qatima. ai Vakabulaninama. Bituvatu. Kaniki. Qato. ai Vakabulaniuto. Boiboidà) | Kau- Karou. Qori. ai Vakarusanibola. Boidada ) ^ kauta. Kaseakula. Qorigori. Vasakinikini. Boroniveiwere. Kasokaso. Rara. Vauvula. Bovu-damu. Katakatakana. Rata. Vere. . Buadromu. Kauloa. Roga, Vulokaka = Mulo- .Buatoko. Kesa. Sasagilu. ka č > Bulou. . Keu. Satabua. Vuso.

Cagolaya. Keva. Sea. Vuturakaraka. Caukuro leka. Lagakali. Selavo Waciwaci.

Cevua. Lagolago. Sevua Walu.

Coboi. Lewe. Soge. Warowaro. Codamu. Lobau. Suanibu. Ya.

Cotava. Lumi. Taitaite. Yagai.

Dalici. Maba. Taka. Yasiyasi. Daliganiduna. Mada.

iv PREFACE.

duced so many general remarks and new (non-Vitian) species into the body of this * Flora,’ want of space prevents me from carrying out the intention in this form, but I hope to be able to publish it as a separate book, which might become the groundwork for the as yet unwritten botanical geography of the Polynesian Islands.

The first set of specimens collected by me were deposited at the Royal Herbarium, Kew, and from these the plates accompanying this work have chiefly been taken, eked out by drawings made by Mrs. Smythe and Miss Pritchard, as well as the public ones existing at the British Museum. All the duplicate specimens, after being, by the late Sir William Hookers kind permission, arranged: and preliminarily named at the Royal Herbarium, were sold to cover part of the expenses incurred in collecting them.

The arrangement followed in this * Flora’ is, with some modifications, that adopted by Bentbam and J. D. Hooker in their * Genera Plantarum,’ as far as that valuable work has been published.

As the publication of this work extended over several years, I have thought it desirable to date each sheet of eight pages of letterpress, so that there may be no doubt about the rights of priority.

* In the spelling of the Vitian geographical plant and other native names, I have adopted the orthography sanctioned in Hazlewood's Feejeean and English Dictionary (Viwa, Fiji, 1850), and wherever anything at variance with it may be discovered, it must be regarded as a mistake. "The name of the group should be written Viti, and that of its inhabitants Vitians, which is in strict accordance with their own pronunciation ; all other forms, as Feejee, Feedgee, etc., which have found their way into European languages, should be gradually suppressed ; they having been learnt, in the first instance, from Polynesians, who, like the Tongans, -have no V in their language, and naturally take the sound nearest to it.

BERTHOLD SEEMANN.

Lonpon, October 30, 1869.

FLORA

OF THE

VIPLAN ISLANDS.

HISTORICAL NOTICE. 3

Waern in 1836 Steffan Endlicher* summed up all then known respecting the vegetation of the Polynesian Islands, he was forced to make the humiliating confession that our botanical knowledge of the Viti group was limited to the fact. that it abounded in rich forests of sandal-wood; and it is not a little remarkable that it was this single fact which led to the existing intercourse between the savage Vitian and the rest of mankind, enabling us at the present day to institnte, with comparatively little danger from falling victims to cannibalism, peaceful scientific inquiries.

When Europeans first came in contact with the vegetation of Viti, it was not, strictly ‘speaking, virgin. We know, from traditional sources,t that from time immemorial an intercourse was maintained between Viti and the islands composing the Tongan (Friendly) and Samoan (Navigator) group; and that the products of these were exchanged by ' means of large canoes, chiefly built in Viti, where tree vegetation assumed greater dimensions than in the other islands just named. In this way not only useful and ornamental plants, but also weeds, and a knowledge of the qualities, virtues, and names of different herbs, shrubs, and trees were doubtless interchanged. ‘The Samoans and Tongans made voyages to Viti for the sake of obtaining timber for canoes, and above all sandal-wood for scenting cocoa-nut oil. There is no mention in this early intercourse of Tahiti, and we may therefore assume that none took place, sandal-wood, the staple article of this incipient commerce, having in those days not yet become extinct either in the Society or neighbouring Marquesas Islands. Nor is any mention made of New Zealand, which has but few phanerogamous plants in common with Viti (and these all species widely

* * Annalen des Wiener Museums,’ 4to, Wien, 1836; p. 129. T Compare B. Seemann's * Viti; a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands,’ 8vo, London, 1862, p. 236, seg. ; and W. T. Pritchard’s * Polynesian Researches,’ 8vo, London, 1866, p. 376, seg.

C

vi FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

diffused over Polynesia); whilst among the plants upon which the Maoris principally relied for food and clothing there are only five, the Taro, Sweet Potato, Pumpkin, Sow- thistle (Sonchus asper), and the Paper-mulberry, also known in Viti before the arrival of Europeans; and these five the Maoris seem to have brought along with them when they left their (conjectured) tropical home in the Raratonga group and Humphrey's Island.*

Europeans became first acquainted with Viti in the year 1643, when Abel Jansen Tasman, the celebrated Dutch navigator, discovered it, conferring upon it the name of Prince William’s Islands. But two centuries elapsed before this archipelago was more than a mere name in geographical science. Captain Cook, who sighted Vatoa (Turtle) Island ; Captain Bligh, of the * Bounty,’ who passed twice through parts of this group; and Captain . Wilson, of the ‘ Duff,’ whose vessel was nearly lost on the reef off Taviuni, adding scarcely any but secondhand and vague information to our stock of knowledge. It was not until Viti had been visited by D'Urville, Belcher, and Wilkes that sound scientific facts began to ' accumulate.

Captain Sir Edward Belcher visited Viti in 1840 in H.B.M.S. Sulphur. He was accompanied by Mr. B. Hinds and Mr. G. Barclay,—the former, surgeon, the latter, botanist of the expedition. Their collections were prineipally made near the sea, about Rewa, in Viti Levu, and afterwards described by Mr. Bentham in the * London Journal of Botany,’ Vol. IL, and the ‘Botany of H.M.S. Sulphur. They were mostly species com- mon to other Polynesian islands, and few in number. A much more extensive collec- tion was made by the officers who accompanied the United States Exploring Expedition, commanded by Commodore Wilkes, — Messrs. Brackenridge, Pickering, and Rich; the importance of which has been enhanced by its having been placed in the hands of Pro- fessor Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has made known the greater portion of it in his ‘ Botany of the United States Exploring Expedition,’ and the Proceedings of the

* See Seemann’s ‘Journal of Botany,’ 8vo, London, 1867, p. 215.—The following is a List of Plants common to Viti and New Zealand :—

Oxalis corniculata, Linn. Typha angustifolia, Zinn.

Dodonea viscosa, Forst. ` Colocasia antiquorum, Schott, var. (cult.). Cucurbita Pepo, Linn. (cult.) Dianella intermedia, Endl.

Hydrocotyle Asiatica, Linn. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Linn. Myriogyne minuta, Less. Pteris esculenta, Forst.

Bidens pilosa, Linn. Schizæa dichotoma, Sw.

Sonchus asper, Vill. Lycopodium cernuum, Linn.

Batatas edulis, Chois. (cult.) L. volubile, Forst.

Pisonia umbellifera, Seem. . Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.

Broussonnetia papyrifera, Vent. (cult.)

.

The Elatine of Viti, which was thought to be Æ. Americana of New Zealand, is E. ambigua, Wight ; and one of the Lemnas of Viti, which was thought identical with T. minor of New Zealand, turns out to be

L. paucicostata, Hegelm. The Cryptogams will have yet to be gone into more closely before any definitive comparison ean be made.

. FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. vii

. American Academy; the Ferns and allied Orders being worked up by Mr. Bracken- ridge. z : , The next botanical eee was Professor W. H. Harvey, of Dublin, who, embarking at Sydney in the missionary vessel ‘John Wesley,’ touched at Viti in August, 1855, and thence proceeded to the Tongan group, returning home by way of South America. No account of this visit has been published, owing to a mental affliction which overtook this accomplished botanist during his passage to the west coast of South America. But it appears that Harvey collected at Lakeba, Bau, Viwa, and Nadi, on the southern shores of Vanua Levu. His specimens, as far as they exist at the British Museum and at Kew, have been incorporated with this Flora.+ In 1852 the British Admiralty determined to recommission H.M.S. Herald for the purpose of surveying some of the -little-known groups of islands in the South Polyne- sian Ocean, and to entrust the command of her to Captain Denham, R.N. Mr. John M‘Gillivray and Mr. William Milne were appointed to her as naturalists, the latter as- assistant to the former.{ No connected narrative of this voyage has been published, but a sketch of an excursion made (August 14 to September 24, 1856), up the Rewa River to Namosi, in Viti Levu, has been described by Mr. Milne,$ and also by Dr. Macdonald, the surgeon of the expedition.] Both M‘Gillivray and Milne were excellent collectors, who gathered a great number of specimens in Qvalau, Viti Levu, Matuku, Narai, Gau, and Vanua Levu. M'Gillivray was a man of great promise, but for some weighty reason

* With the exception of a few TE copies of Mr. Brackenridge' 8 portion of this work which happened to have been sent off to Europe, the whole stock was burnt i the fire which destroyed the storehouse, so that it has now become extremely rare. As the publications of the United States Exploring Expedition have not yet been completed, it would be desirable to republish Brackenridge's portion, either unaltered, or brought up to the present state of science. The United States Government ought cheerfully to grant the sums, a mere bagatelle to so rich a nation, which may be required to finish in the same style as begun, the botanical record of a scientific expedition of which the great American people may well be proud.

T A few dates respecting Harvey’s visit to Viti may be gathered from a letter published in Hooker's * Journal of Botany,’ London, 1856, p. 22, and the labels attached to his distributed specimens. Though he was on very friendly terms with me, and never refused his assistance to me, I could not get him to write a line on his Vitian visit for this Historical Notice; and knowing the subject to be a painful one to him, I eould not urge it beyond a certain point. He told me, however, in conversation that he did not collect many, if any, Seaweeds in Viti. Harvey died May 15, 1866, and an obituary notice of him was published in Seemann’s ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1866, p. 236.

i I held the appointment of Naturalist of H.M.S. Herald from July, 1845, to June, 1851, and was after that time employed by the Admiralty in publishing the results of that voyage, and could, therefore, not accept the reappointment to a vessel with which my name is so intimately connected. Some of the results which I obtained during her voyage in the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, are utilized in this Flora, as want of space prevented me from dealing with them in my ‘ Botany of, the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald.’

§ Hooker's ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1857, p. 106.

|| ‘Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London,’ vol. xxvii.

viii FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

he was dismissed the service; and after returning to New South Wales, and accepting engagements there for exploring the flora and fauna of several Polynesian islands, he joined some sandal-wood traders, and died, still a young man, June 6th, 1867. * Milne, who succeeded M‘Gillivray in his post, did not keep the situation very long, but was dismissed as his predecessor, and having returned to Scotland, and engaged once more as a plant-collector, died on the West Coast of Africa in May, 1866.7

In 1859 Mr. W. T. Pritchard, H.B.M. Consul in Viti, arrived in England with a document purporting to be the cession of these islands to the Queen of Great Britain ; but, though tlie acceptance of the cession was warmly recommended by the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales, and by eminent naval authorities, the British Government, before coming to any decision, determined to obtain more ample information than was at hand, and early in 1860 the Colonial Office dispatched for-that purpose a mission, to which I was attached as Naturalist. Leaving Southampton on the 12th of February, 1860, by the Overland Mail, I arrived at Sydney, New South Wales, on the 16th of April, and thence proceeded in the missionary ship ‘John Wesley ’ to Viti, which was sighted on the 12th of May. The first island I landed at was Lakeba (May 11); and re-embarking, I touched at Wairiki, Island of Taviuni (erroneously termed Vuna in some charts), and thence went to Somosomo, in the same island, where I arrived on May 22, and re- mained until June 20, making excursions to the lake on the top, and to other parts of the island, as well as running over in boats to the southern coast of Vanua Levu, and some of the smaller islands in the Strait of Somosomo. On leaving Taviuni in the schooner * Paul Jones,’ I touched at the southern parts of Vanua Levu, and on the 22nd of June arrived at Levuka, Ovalau, whence I proceeded to the small island of Lado Alewa, off the south-west side of Ovalau, where I remained till June 28th, making various excur- sions not only on Ovalau itself, but the adjacent islands of Yanuca and Moturiki. On the 28th of July Mr. Pritchard and myself set out in the consular gig for Navua, Viti Levu, touching at Bau, the capital of Viti, and passing through the Rewa River and the Kele Musu Canal. Lingering a day or two at Mataisuva, and visiting the island of Naigani and various places on the south coast of Viti Levu, we safely reached Navua, where we remained until the 9th of J uly, and then returned once more to Lado, which we reached on the 15th of the same month. On the 24th of July I again started in company with Mr. W. T. Pritchard from Lado, this time in the schooner ‘ Paul Jones.’ We called at Bau; made excursions to Namara, Koroivau, and other parts of Viti Levu, and went to Rewa by the canal, and afterwards to Kadavu (Kandavu), landing at Tavuki Bay, the northern side of that island. An attempt made to land at the foot of the mountain of Buke Levu failed, on account of the rough sea; but I was able to pay a visit to Galoa Bay, crossing the Isthmus of Yarabali, and botanizing on the islets in that bay. A second attempt to reach the foot of Buke Levu was also unsuccessful; and we, therefore, crossed over to Viti Levu, ascending the Navua river as far as navigable, a town called Nagadi,

* Seemann's ‘Journal of Botany,’ 1867, p. 163. T Jbid. 1866, p. 272.

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. ix

and thence proceeding to Namosi, the mountain residence of Chief Kuruduadua, situated in a rich valley (see Frontispiece). From Namosi we paid a visit to Voma, the highest. peak . of Viti Levu, never before ascended by white man. I remained at Namosi until the 2nd of September, and then returned to the coast with a goodly collection of rare or new plants. Mr. Pritchard, who had previously gone back, met me at the mouth of the Navua River with our little schooner; we thence proceeded to the island of Bega (Benga), and afterwards to Kadavu, where we effected a landing near Buke Levu, and succeeded in ascending that mountain on September 6th, no European having ever reached the top before. The vegetation was found to be similar to that of Voma Peak in Viti Levu, though the two are separated by sea. Calling once more at Taulalia, we thence crossed over to Rewa (encountering a fearful gale), and returned te Lado. Our schooner having been repaired, we again left Lado (October 10), landing at Nananu Levu (Annan of the charts, by mistake) and afterwards proceeded to Bua, or Sandalwood Bay, in Vanua Levu, where we landed. We continued our voyage to the northern coast of Vanua Levu, called Macuata (Mathuata), where we went on shore in various places, and rounding Mua i Udu (the eastern extremity of Vanua Levu), we touched at the island of Rabe, and anchored at Waikava, whence I paid a hasty visit to Somosomo, to inspect the experimental cotton plantation I had established there. On the 26th of October, we left Waikava for Matei, in Taviuni; and thence once more proceeded to Macuata, and afterwards to Lado, which we reached on the 2nd of November. On the 16th of that month I left Ovalau for Europe, arriving at Southampton on the 12th of March, 1861, very much shattered in health from a violent attack of dysentery on the homeward voyage. Desirous of making the most of the limited time and opportunity, I engaged at Sydney, at my own expense, a young German, Mr. Jacob Storck, as assistant, who proved very able and zealous; but, unfortunately, nearly during the whole time that he was with me he was incapacitated for work through various kinds of illness. On my departure he expressed a wish to remain in Viti as a cotton grower; and he has since that time made several collections of plants, which are duly incorporated with this Flora. On my return to England I wrote a full official report “ On the Resources and Vegetable Productions in the Vitian or Fijian Islands,” which was printed with other matters relating to the subject which the Viti mission was dispatched to elucidate, and presented to Parliament by command of her Majesty ; and also published and figured in the ‘ Bonplandia’ several new genera and species, as well as a preliminary list of the plants collected by me. A general account of the expedition was brought out by me in 1862 under the title of * Viti; an Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands in the years 1860-61. With Illustrations and a Map (London and Cambridge, Macmillan), which met with a favourable reception from the press. Colonel Smythe, the head of the expedition, wrote a short official report, which is reprinted in the Appendix to my ‘Viti; where it fills nine pages; but his wife, who ‘accompanied him, afterwards published a narrative of the Mission in a separate form.

X FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

In 1862, Viti was visited by Dr. Græffe, a native of Switzerland, for the purpose of making collections in Natural History, principally zoology ; but during his short stay in the group he did not neglect to gather botanical specimens, and a set of them was forwarded to the Melbourne Museum, and kindly lent to me whilst the preparation of this Flora was going on. A preliminary list of them was published by me in the ‘Journal of Botany, 1864, p. 70, and in that place it is pointed out that Dr. Græffe made several highly important additions to the Viti flora. Some of the Orchids of that collector seemed to have come into Dr. G. Reichenbach’s possession, and are enumerated by him in this work. Dr. Græffe’s expenses were defrayed by the great commercial firm of Godeffroy and Sons, of Hamburg, and a short popular account of his visit was published in one of. the German periodicals. * .

In August, 1865, Viti was visited by Mr. John Gould Veitch, of Chelsea, for iis purpose of collecting there such ornamental plants as were suitable for cultivation in English gardens. Mr. Veitch touched at Ovalau, Bau, and Kadavu; and not only succeeded in this object, but also discovered several plants new to science. An account of the visit was published in the * Gardeners’ Chronicle’ for 1866, p. 243, seg.

The last visitor to the group, of whom I have any knowledge, was Mr. William B. Guilfoyle, of Sydney, who went thither in H.M.S. Challenger, Commodore Lambert, in May, 1868, and who also published a sketch of his trip. Mr. Guilfoyle was principally on the look-out for ornamental and useful plants; whether he also collected specimens for herbaria is unknown to me.

Notwithstanding these numerous efforts to explore Viti, botanically a great part, perhaps the most interesting of the group, remains yet unknown. Little more than the coast of the larger islands has been skimmed, and the interior of Viti Levu and its numerous peaks and mountain-ridges still offer a rich field for botanical discovery. . Many of these parts are at present inaccessible, owing to the savage nature of the inha- - bitants; and we can only hope, by slow degrees, to lift the veil which hangs over these botanical haunts. But civilization is making fresh strides every day, and ere many years will have passed, we may expect to traverse the whole group with comparative safety, though not without great physical exertion and considerable expense. Even if a good collector went merely over the ground already explored, he might expect to make many valuable additions to the flora; not only would he find plants which, from their geo- graphical range over other Polynesian islands, may safely be expected to occur in Viti, but also genera and species entirely new to science. It has been one of my day-dreams to revisit the islands, and complete, as much as lies in my power, the work here eim

* If I remember rightly, in ‘Das Ausland.’ :

T Segnann's * Journal of Botany, 1869, p. 117. (Much of the information in this sketch is taken verbatim, and without acknowledgment, from the various publicatiens that issued from my pen.—B. S.)

INTRODUCTION.

Virt, or Fiji, is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, midway between the Tongan Islands and the French Colony of New Caledonia, having, according to Dr. Petermann’s calculations, a superficial area equal to that of Wales, or eight times that’ of the Ionian Islands. The exact number of islands and islets comprising it is merely approximately known, only a partial hydrographical survey of the whole group having as yet been made; 230.would probably be rather below than above the number. Viti Levu, Kadavu, Vanua Levu, and Taviuni are of primary, Rabe, Koro, Gau, and Ovalau, of secondary magnitude. Situated between latitudes 19° 47'S. and 15? 47’ S., and longitudes 180° 8’ W. and 176° 50’ E., the climate is tropical, but the heat is moderated, in the winter season by the south-east, and in the summer by the north-east trade-wind. 62° Fahr. is the lowest tem- perature observed in Lakeba by Mr. Williams, and in Kadavu by Mr. Royce ; but, though the mean temperature of the whole group may be stated to be 80° Fahr., the thermometer has been known to rise to 121? Fahr. The country is remarkably free from fever, —that curse of the Samoan group,—and the only disease Fijians and Europeans have reason to fear is dysentery, unknown, if a current belief may be relied upon, before the visits of foreigners and the introduction of foreign bananas to these shores, and hence often „termed by the natives “the white man’s disease."

The time from October till April is the hottest, that extending over the other months the coolest, part of the year. It is during the former when the most rain falls; but the dry and rainy seasons do not strictly correspond with this division, nor is the difference between the wet and dry very marked. ‘There are occasional showers during the so-called dry season in all parts of the group; and in localities like the Straits of Somosomo they may even be termed frequent. The fine weather is expected to set in about May. June, July, August, September, and October are generally dry, and from their low temperature, looked forward to by European settlers, How many inches of rain annually fall has not been ascertained ; nor would a gauge kept in a single locality only give a fair approximate result of the average amount, since the difference of the meteorological conditions existing

kd

*

xii BOTANY OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

between the leeward and windward islands, and the lee side and the weather side of the larger islands, is too great.*

There are, at present, no active volcanoes; but several of the highest mountains, for instance, Buke Levu, in Kadavu, and the summit of Taviuni, must, in times gone by, have been formidable craters. Hot springs are met with in different parts, earth- quakes are occasionally experienced, and between Fiji and Tonga a whole island has of late years been lifted above the level of the ocean, whilst masses of pumice-stone are drifted on the southern shores of Kadavu and Viti Levu; all showing that Fiji, though not the focus of volcanic action, is not secure against plutonic disturbances and their effects. The deltas and alluvial deposits of the great rivers excepted, there is little level land. Most of the ground is undulated ; all the larger islands are hilly, and the largest have peaks 4000 feet high ; Voma in Viti Levu, and Buke Levu in Kadavu (both of which were ascended by me), being the most elevated. ‘The soil consists in many parts of a dark red or yellowish clay, or decomposed volcanic rock, which soon becomes dry, but being plentifully supplied with water proves very productive. There is hardly a rod of land that might not be converted into pasture, or be cultivated. Almost at every step one discovers that most of the land has at one time or other produced some crop. ‘Though on the weather side dense and extensive woods exist, few of them can be regarded as virgin forests, most having established themselves after the plantations once occupying their site had been abandoned. Kadavu does not appear to have an acre of virgin forest beyond what is clustered around the very summit of Buke Levu. The re-establishment of the woods on ground at one time under cultivation can scarcely be adduced as a proof that the population has seriously diminished, but rather that the Fijians have for ages followed the same system of agriculture as they do at present, that of constantly selecting new spots for their crops when the old ones, which their ignorance prevents them from fertilizing by the introduction of manure, become exhausted.

The aspect of the weather side of the islands is essentially different from that of the lee side. "The former teems with a dense mass of vegetation, huge trees, innumerable creepers, and epiphytical plants. Hardly ever a break occurs in the green mantle spread over hill and dale, except where effected by artificial means. Rain and moisture are plentiful, adding ever fresh vigour to, and keeping up the exuberant growth of, trees, shrubs, and herbs. Far different is the aspect of the lee side. Instead of the dense jungle, interlaced with creepers and loaded with epiphytes, a fine grassy country, here and there dotted with Screw-pines, presents itself. The northern shores of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu bear this character in an eminent degree, and their very aspect is proof that rain falls in only limited

: * “A gauge, kept by the Rev. Mr. Whitby [probably at Levuka, B. 8.], showed that ninety inches of rain had fallen in six months, and four in the night of February 12th, 1860." This statement I find in

‘an obscure publication, ‘The Primitive Methodist J uvenile Magazine,’ London, 1862, vol. xi. p.90. Not

having seen it confirmed, it may possibly be incorrect, like several others in the article from which it is taken. — >

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. xii

quantity; the high ridge of mountains which form, as it were, the backbone of the two largest islands, intercepting many showers, and sending down perpetual streams to fertilize the low lands of the coast. The lee side would, therefore, more readily recommend itself to the white settler, as it requires hardly any clearing, and would be immediately available for cattle-breeding, sheep runs, and cotton-growing.

The general physiognomy of the flora is decidedly tropical; Tree-ferns, branching Grasses, several kinds of Palms, Scitamineous Plants, epiphytical Orchids, Ferns, and Pepper- worts, fully accounting for this fact. Whole districts, however, possess a strictly South Australian fook, owing to the presence of phyllodineous Acacias (4. laurifolia, Willd., and Æ. Richi, A. Gray), Casuarinas, Geifonoplesium, and Metrosideros with either scarlet or yellow blossoms, as well as to the peculiar habit of various other species of Myrtacee and — Epacridee.

Mangroves are restricted to but few parts of the larger islands, and here as else- where principally consist of plants with leathery glossy foliage. The leading trees among them are Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera Rheedei, Heritiera littoralis, Lumnitzera coccinea, and Eecæcaria Agallocha. Kitlitz says of the vegetation of the Pacific Islands, that Mangroves are never accompanied by creepers or twiners, which, with the excep- tion of Entada scandens, is a rule that will apply to Viti. In places where the tide has little play, whole districts are covered with Acrostichum aureum, which, however, does not attain that luxuriant development it does in countries nearer the line.

The coast-line of most of the islands just above high-water mark is enriched by a dense, more or less broken, belt of Cocoa-nut Palms. White beaches, formed of decom- posed corals, may be traced for miles; whilst good soil in many instances extends quite to the water’s edge, and trees, not numbering strictly amongst the coast plants, overhang the sea. But there is a varied littoral vegetation, though but few of its component parts are endemic to Viti, or even to the South Sea Islands. The leading trees are Ca/o- Phyllum Inophyllum, Thespesia populnea, Pongamia glabra, Acacia laurifolia, Eugenia Richii, Barringtonia speciosa, Terminalia littoralis, Gyrocarpus Jacquini, Guettarda speciosa, Cerbera lactaria, Cordia subcordata, Hernandia peltata, and Pandanus verus. The leading shrubs, several of them occasionally becoming arborescent, are Hibiscus tiliaceus, H. tri- cuspis, Ximenia elliptica, Colubrina Asiatica, Tephrosia piscatoria, Sophora tomentosa, Scevola Kenigii, S. sericea, S. floribunda, Symplocos spicata, Tournefortia argentea, Clero- dendron inerme, Vitex trifolia, Wikstremia fetida, and Drymispermum Burnettianum. Creepers and twiners are numerous, the principal ones being Smythea Pacifica, Cardio- spermum Halicacabum, Canavalia obtusifolia, Vigna lutea, Dalbergia monosperma, Derris uliginosa, Cæsalpinia Bonducella, C. Bonduc, Barringtonia racemosa, Pharbitis insularis, Ipomea Pes-capre, and T. denticulata. Smaller herbs are chiefly represented by the following types :—Zriumfetta procumbens, Desmodium umbellatum, Tacca pinnatifida, 1

littoralis, Wollastonia strigulosa, Euphorbia Atoto, and Orinum Asiaticum. | | d

xiv FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

The banks of the rivers and rivulets are densely crowded with vegetation, mostly com- posed of plants found elsewhere in the group, though not in such a luxuriant state. But there are also several species peculiar to these localities, among them Eugenia rivularis, Lindenia Vitiensis, Acalypha rivularis, Ficus bambusefolia, Polygonum glabrum, Podocarpus bracteata, Eulalia Japonica, Schizostachys glaucifolia, and another undetermined Bam- busacea, all of which would have to be classed, physiognomically, with Humboldt's ** Willow form,” a set of plants which, unaffected by the occasional rising and turbulence of the streams, not only have the same kind of foliage, habit, and mode of growth as genuine Willows, but evidently serve the same purpose in Nature’s economy, that of protecting and keeping together the river banks, though they are not related to the genus Salix. The frequency of plants belonging to this Willow form on river banks in all countries of the globe is worthy of more attention than it has as yet received ; and out of it arise, among others, the questions :— What possible connection can there be between river banks and the so-called Willow form of leaves? Do plants of that kind grow on rivers because they have Willow leaves, or do they have Willow leaves because they grow on rivers ? It is in fact the old question over again, Does the duck swim because it has webbed feet, or has it webbed feet because it swims.* |

* It would not be difficult to show that most plants bearing leaves of the true Willow form do grow by running streams. To say nothing of those species of Salix having Willow leaves, and growing, or those Salices not having Willow leaves (S. herbacea, etc.), and not growing by running streams, I would direct attention to the different species of Nerium, Epilobium hirsutum (vulgo Anglicé, Willow herb), Lythrum Salicaria, Polygonum Persicaria, et sp. pl.; Lindenia rivalis, Astianthus longifolius, ete. That many plants are found on rivers which have no Willow leaves has nothing to do with the question, how it comes to pass that the Willow form predominates in such localities? Some years ago Dr. Schultz- Bipontinus pointed out that in the Composite, the largest Phanerogamous Order, the habit of almost every other cropped up again. In Euphorbiacee and other large Orders, similar instances are noted. Sometimes this outer resemblance is startling. I remember coming across a Sandwich Island plant which looked exactly like Thomasia solanacea, a well-known Buettneriacea, of New Holland, but which, on closer examination, proved to be a variety of Solanum Nelsoni, the resemblance between the two being as striking as that pointed out in Bate’s ‘ Travels on the Amazon,’ between a certain moth and a humming bird. These outer resemblances between different species which have no organic relationship, have played us Botanists many a trick, and have been the cause of some otherwise incomprehensible synonyms ;n our systematic works—Daviesias having been described as Acacias, Cycads as Ferns, and Veronicas as Conifers, by really good botanists relying too implicitly upon them,—resemblances to which the term * Mimicry in Nature” has been applied. I have objected (‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1868, June 27, and ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1868, p. 213) to this term, because, in applying it either in zoology or botany, the whole question here cropping up is prejudged, it being assumed that (1) organisms have the power to mimic other organisms; and (2) that they have come in contact with those organisms which they are supposed to mimic. I suggested the term “ Outer resemblances.” Mr. Leo H. Grindon has since proposed that of * Echoes," and given a popular illustration of it (‘Echoes in Plant and Flower Life, London, F. Pitman, 1869, 117 pp); but the term is more poetical than scientifically correct, as an echo is simply a repetition, more or less distinct, of one and the same utterance, which the “echoes” here meant are

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. XV

Among the principal plants found in swamps and marshes must be enumerated the following :— Z/atine ambigua, Hibiscus diversifolius, Limnanthemum Kleinianum, Adenosma triflora, Ceratophyllum demersum, Bagus Vitiensis, Typha angustifolia, Pandanus caricosus, Colocasia antiquorum, Alocasia Indica, Cyrtosperma edulis, Lemna paucicostata and L. melanorrhiza, Lepironia mucronata, Hypolytrum latifolium, Eleocharis articulata, Mariscus flavus, Coiæ Lachryma, and Equisetum debile. Only one of these (Sagus Vitiensis) attains the dimensions of a tree, and all the others are herbaceous, with the exception of Hibiscus . diversifolius.

In the windward islands, Lakeba and its dependencies, the weeping Ironwood ( Casza- rina equisetifolia, Forst.), intermingled with Screwpines (Pandanus verus, Rumph., and Dodonea viscosa), abounds, and considerable tracts of country are covered with the brake (Pteris esculenta, Forst.) and other hard-leaved Ferns: they prefer an open country, and have taken possession where little else will grow. Wherever these forms of vegetation occur on the weather side of the group, the soil may be expected to be rather poor. It would, however, be erroneous to apply the same rule to the leeward side, where they are also tolerably abundant, not because the soil is too poor to support a dense herbaceous or woody vegetation, but because the air is destitute of that excessive moisture, and the country less visited by those fertilizing showers of rain, which promote the luxuriant growth on the weather side.

There is little change in the nature of the vegetation until one reaches about 2000 feet elevation, where the plants peculiar to the coast region are replaced by mountain forms. Hollies, Myrtaceous, Melastomaceous, and Laurinaceous trees, Epacridaceous and Vacci- niaceous bushes, forming the bulk ; scarlet Orchids, Astelias, delicate Ferns, Mosses, and Lichens, crowding their branches. None of the explored peaks have as yet disclosed any genuine alpine vegetation,— perennial herbs forming caespitose masses and prostrate shrubs, generally bearing large and gay-coloured flowers. Should it ever be met with, there would, indeed, be a rich botanical harvest.

The weeds of a country are, according to my opinion,* never indigenous productions of the soil on which they grow, but they have always been translated, though the distance whence they have come may be very limited. Nor are all countries indiscriminately, having a climate similar to that in which weeds gain a footing, been the sources of them. ‘Thus, whilst European species spread with rapidity over the southern parts of North America and Australasia, North American and Australasian do not show any great disposition to become

not. Mr. Grindon states that his essay was written before the appearance of my remarks in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle ; I first published on the subject in the ‘Journal of Botany,’ June 1, 1868; but, I believe, that neither of us can lay much claim to originality, for the subject in its general outline has been already dealt with by Humboldt in his ‘Ansichten der Natur.’

* ‘Journal of Botany, 1867, p. 195; and ‘ Dottings on the ‘Roadside in Panama, Nicaragua, and

Mosquito ; London, 1869, p. 117.

xvi FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

naturalized in such parts of Europe as are suitable to them in climate and soil; the reason seeming to be that weeds do not spread except in countries or areas to them altogether virgin, which, for geological reasons, Australia and the southern parts of North America are not held to be with regard to Europe, Australian vegetation having covered Europe during the Eocene period, and North-American during the Lignite. Polynesia, situated as it is between three great continents, presents a most interesting problem with regard to its weeds, which, however, cannot be satisfactorily solved until the whole flora shall have been properly worked out; but we may make an attempt to deal with it as far as Viti is concerned. There we have 64 species, which may be regarded as troublesome weeds. Some of these are diffused throughout the tropics; but the bulk of them (48) are common to America, only 16 being strictly confined to the Old World, principally Asia. It may be argued that several of those found in America are also common to Asia, or that Asia is their true native country ; but even admitting this reduction, it must be conceded that the bulk of the weeds of Viti is of American origin, or, at all events, is now found in America. This is the more singular, as the majority of the species of these islands, as far as they are not endemic, is Asiatic. Polynesia seems to have acted as a bridge by means of which the weeds of the Old World crossed over to the New, and those of the New World to the Old ; and the fact that American weeds show a greater disposition than Asiatic to spread in Viti, must be held to prove, if my theory be sound, that Viti is to American plants altogether virgin ground. In the following list of Vitian weeds those marked with an asterisk (*) have also been found in America, but I have excluded all swamp and water plants, as well as herbs growing close to the seaside, just above high-water mark, such as Zpomea Pes-capre, Triumfetta procumbens, etc., which cannot properly be regarded as weeds in my definition of the term, because they indi one of the most essential characteristics, viz. to spread on land cultivated or otherwise disturbed by the agency of man :—

*Cardamine sarmentosa, Forst. _*Portulaca oleracea, Linn. Portulaca quadrifida, Zinn.

*Talinum patens, Willd.

f Sida microphylla, Cav.

|*S. rhombifolia, Linn.

1*8. linifolia, Cav.

*Urena lobata, Linn.

*Waltheria Americana, Linn. *Oxalis corniculata, Linn.

*Cardiospermum Halicacabum, H. B. K.

*Crotalaria quinquefolia, Zinn. © “

*Indigofera Anil, Linn.

*Desmodium polycarpum, De Cand. Uraria lagopodioides, De Cand.

*Phaseolus Truxillensis, H. B. K.

*Lablab vulgaris, Sav. * Abrus precatorius, Linn. * Cassia levigata, Willd. C. Sophora, Linn. *C, obtusifolia, Linn. *C. glauca, Lam. *C. occidentalis, Linn. *Mimosa pudica, Linn. *Hydrocotyle Asiatica, Linn. Hedyotis Cratwogonum, Spr. *Oldenlandia tenuifolia, Forst.

= O. paniculata, Linn.

*Geophila reniformis, Cham. et Schlecht. *Ageratum conyzoides, Linn.

Adenostemma viscosum, Forst. *Erigeron albidum, 4. Gray.

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. xvii

*Eclipta prostrata, Linn. Siegesbeckia orientalis, Linn. *Bidens pilosa, Linn. Dichrocephala latifolia, De Cand. Myriogyne minuta, Less. *Sonchus asper, Vill. * Batatas paniculata, Ohots. Pharbitis insularis, Chois. *Calonyction speciosum, Chois. *Solanum oleraceum, Dun. *Physalis Peruviana, Linn. *P. angulata, Linn. *Datura Stramonium, Zinn. *Vandellia crustacea, Benth. *Ocimum gratissimum, Linn. Leucas decemdentata, Sm.

*Teucrium inflatum, Swartz. *Plantago major, Linn. Plumbago Zeylanica, Linn. * Amarantus paniculatus, Mog. var. cruentus. * 4. melancholicus, var. tricolor, Lam. *Euxolus caudatus, Mog. *Achyranthes aspera, Linn. *Cyathula prostrata, Blume, var. debilis, Mog. Mollugo stricta, Linn. *Euphorbia pilulifera, Linn. Acalypha beehmerioides, Mig. *Ricinus communis, Linn. Fleurya interrupta, Gaud. *Commelyna Pacifica, Vahl. *Canna Indica, Linn. *Eleusine Indica, Gertn.

The Vitian Flora does not embrace any Natural Order exclusively confined to it, but a number of genera and species as yet not found out of the group. ‘The lists of them given below, will doubtless receive many additions, but they will also be reduced by several of their number being discovered in neighbouring islands.

Genera peculiar to the Viti Flora :—

Richella, 4. Gray. (Anonacesm.) Trimenia, Seem. (Ternstremies.) Pimia, Seem. (Sterculiacez.)

Greeffea, Seem. (Tiliaceæ.) Thacombauia, Seem. (Humiriacez.) Amarouria, A. Gray. (Simarubacee.) Smythea, Seem. (Rhamnacez.) Oncocarpus, 4. Gray. (Anacardiacers.)

Haplopetalon, A. Gray. (Rhizophoraces.) - Nesopanax, Seem. (Hederacezx.)

Bakeria, Seem. (Hederacew.) Pelagodendron, Seem. (Rubiacez.)

Paphea, Seem. (Ericacesm.)

Carruthersia, Seem. (Apocynes.) Couthovia, A. Gray. (Loganiaces.) Canthiopsis, Seem. (Loganiacew.)

Species peculiar to the Viti Flora :—

Wormia biflora, Seem.

W. membranifolia, Seem. Uvaria (?) amygdalina, 4. Gray. Polyalthia Vitiensis, Seem. Richella monosperma, A. Gray. Capparis Richii, A4. Gray. Agatea violaris, A. Gray. Alsodeia (?) Storckii, Seem. Pittosporum Richii, 4. Gray. — P. Brackenridgei, 4. Gray.

P. tobiroides, 4. Gray.

P. Pickeringii, A. Gray.

P. rhytidocarpum, A. Gray. Garcinia Vitiensis, Seem. G. (?) pseudoguttifera, Seem. Ternstrceemia Vitiensis, Seem. Trimenia weinmanniefolia, Seem. Eurya Vitiensis, 4. Gray. - Saurauja rubicunda, Seem. Hibiscus Storckii, Seem.

Sterculia diversifolia, Seem.

S. Vitiensis, Seem.

xviii

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

Pimia rhamnoides, Seem.

Grewia persicefolia, 4. Gray. G. prunifolia, A. Gray.

Græffea calyculata, Seem. Trichospermum Riehii, Seem. Elzocarpus Storckii, Seem.

E. Greffei, Seem.

E. Milnei, Seem.

E. laurifolius, A. Gray.

E. pyriformis, A. Gray.

Hiptage myrtifolia, A. Gray. Thacombauia Vitiensis, Seem. Acronychia petiolaris, A. Gray. Brucea (?) quercifolia, Seem. Amaroria soulameoides, A. Gray. Brackenridgea nitida, 4. Gray. Canarium Vitiense, A. Gray. Vavæa Harveyi, Seem.

V. Vitiensis, Seem.

Melia (?) elegans, Seem.

Aglaia multijuga, Seem.

A. basiphylla, 4. Gray. Chailletia Vitiensis, Seem. Lasianthera Vitiensis, Seem. Ilex Vitiensis, A. Gray. Celastrus Richii, 4. Gray. Ventilago (?) Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Smythea Pacifica, Seem. Gouania Richii, 4. Gray.

Vitis Vitiensis, Seem.

Cupania rhoifolia, 4. Gray.

C. leptobotrys, A. Gray.

C. (?) Brackenridgei, A. Gray. Ratonia falcata, Seem.

R. Storckii, Seem.

Sapindus Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Rhus simarubefolia, 4. Gray. Oncocarpus Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Dracontomelon (?) pilosum, Seem. Connarus Pickeringii, A. Gray. Storckiella Vitiensis, Seem. Cynometra grandiflora, A. Gray. C. falcata, A. Gray.

Acacia Richii, A. Gray. Serianthes Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Eugenia quadrangulata, A. Gray. E. neurocalyx, A. Gray.

E. gracilipes, 4. Gray.

E. Grayi, Seem.

E. Brackenridgei, 4. Gray.

E. effusa, 4. Gray.

E. confertiflora, A. Gray.

E. rivularis, Seem. Calyptranthes (Acicalyptus) myrtoides, Seem. C. (Aciealyptus) Seemanni, A. Gray. C. eugenoides, Seem.

Barringtonia edulis, Seem. Memecylon Vitiense, 4. Gray. Astronia confertiflora, A. Gray. - A. tomentosa, Seem.

A. (?) robusta, Seem.

Astronidium parviflorum, 4. Gray. A. Storekii, Seem. -

Amplectrum (?) ovalifolium, 4. Gray. Medinilla heterophylla, A. Gray. M. rhodolena, A. Gray.

M. Waterhousei, Seem.

M. parvifolia, Seem.

Haplopetalon Richii, 4. Gray.

H. Seemanni, A. Gray. Crossostylis Harveyi, Seem. Homalium Vitiense, Benth. Disemma (?) Barclayi, Seem.

D. Storckii, Seem.

D. Vitiensis, Seem.

Casearia (?) acuminatissima, 4. Gray. C. disticha, 4. Gray.

C. Richii, A. Gray.

Geissois ternata, ÆA. Gray. Weinmannia affinis, 4. Gray.

W. Vitiensis, Seem.

W. Richii, 4. Gray.

W. spireoides, 4. Gray. Spireanthemum Vitiense, 4. Gray. S. Greeffei, Seem.

S. Katakata, Seem.

Nothopanax multijugum, Seem. Agalma Vitiensis, Seem.

Sehefflera Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Nesopanax Vitiensis, Seem.. Bakeria Vitiensis, Seem.

Plerandra Pickeringii, 4. Gray.

P. Grayi, Seem.

Loranthus Vitiensis, Seem.

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. XIX

Dolicholobium oblongifolium, A. Gray. D. latifolium, A. Gray.

D. longissimum, Seem. Gardenia Vitiensis, Seem.

G (?) pentagonioides, Seem. Stylocoryne Harveyi, A. Gray. Pelagodendron Vitiense, Seem. Ophiorrhiza peploides, 4A. Gray. O. leptantha, 4. Gray.

O. laxa, 4. Gray.

Lerchia calycina, A. Gray. Morinda myrtifolia, A. Gray. M. Grayi, Seem.

M. mollis, 4A. Gray.

M. bucidefolia, 4. Gray. Timonius sapotefolius, 4. Gray. T. affinis, A. Gray. * Guettarda inconspicua, Seem. G. Vitiensis, 4. Gray. Canthium sessifolium, 4. Gray. C. flavidum, Seem.

Calycosia petiolata, 4. Gray.

C. pubiflora, 4. Gray.

Ixora Vitiensis, 4. Gray.

I. pelagica, Seem.

I. maxima, Seem.

I. (?) Storckii, Seem. Psychotria sulphurea, Seem.

P. Broweri, Seem.

P. Pritchardii, Seem.

P. Brackenridgei, A. Gray.

P. Forsteriana, A. Gray.

P. turbinata, 4. Gray.

P. Storckii, Seem.

P. tephrosantha, A. Gray.

P. gracilis, A. Gray.

P. calycosa, A. Gray.

P. filipes, A. Gray.

P. pelagica, Seem.

P. hypargyrea, A. Gray.

P. cordata, 4. Gray.

P. Pickeringii, A. Gray.

. P. tetragona, Seem.

P. bullata, Seem.

P. platycocea, A. Gray. "Myrmecodia imberbis, A. Gray. Hydrophytum longiflorum, A. Gray.

Coprosma persicefolia, A. Gray. Blumea Milnei, Seem. Lagenophora Pickeringii, 4. Gray. Scævola floribunda, 4. Gray. Paphia Vitiensis, Seem.

Mesa Pickeringii, 4. Gray.

M. Vitiensis, Seem.

M. persicefolia, 4. Gray.

M. corylifolia, 4. Gray.

Myrsine (?) Brackenridgei, 4. Gray. Ardisia grandis, Seem.

A. (P) capitata, Seem.

A. Storckii, Seem.

A. Vitiensis, Seem.

Sapota (?) pyrulifera, 4. Gray.

S. (?) Vitiensis, 4. Gray.

Maba foliosa, Rich.

Jasminum tetraquetrum, A. Gray. Olea Vitiensis, Seem. Carruthersia scandens, Seem. Tabernemontana pacifica, Seem. Lyonsia levis, 4. Gray.

Alstonia Vitiensis, Seem. Tylophora Brackenridgei, 4. Gray. Gymnema subnudum, A. Gray. G. stenophyllum, A. Gray.

Hoya diptera, Seem.

Goniostema (?) microphyllum, Seem. Fagrea gracilipes, A. Gray. Couthovia corynocarpa, 4. Gray. C. Seemanni, A. Gray. Canthiopsis odorata, Seem. Solanum Vitiense, Seem. Cyrtandra Pritchardii, Seem.

C. coleoides, Seem.

C. Harveyi, Seem.

C. ciliata, Seem.

C. Denhami, Seem.

C. acutangula, Seem.

C. Vitiensis, Seem.

C. anthropophagorum, Seem. —

C. Milnei, Seem. —— -

C. dolichocarpa, A. Gray.

C. involucrata, Seem. Eranthemum laxiflorum, A. Gray. E. insularum, A. Gray.

Faradaya ovalifolia, Seem.

XX FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

F. Vitiensis, Seem.

Vitex Vitiensis, Seem. Cinnamomum pedatinervium, Meisn. Tetranthera palmatinervia, Meisn. T. Seemanni, Meisn.

T. Vitiana, Meisn.

T. Pickeringii, 4. Gray. Myristica castaneæfolia, A. Gray. M. grandiflora, A. Gray. Hedycarya dorstenioides, 4. Gray. Drymispermum pubiflorum, Seem. D. lanceolatum, A. Gray.

D. subcordatum, Seem.

D. montanum, Seem.

Santalum Yasi, Seem.

Euphorbia Fidgiana, Boiss. Antidesma pacificum, Müll. Arg. Phyllanthus Vitiensis, Müll. Arg. P. Seemannianus, Müll. Arg.

P. venulosus, Müll. Arg.

P. cordatus, Müll. Arg.

P. podocarpus, Müll. Arg.

P. amentuliger, Müll. Arg.

P. heterodoxus, Müll. Arg.

P. Wilkesianus, Müll. Arg. Baccaurea Wilkesiana, Müll. Arg. B. Seemanni, Müll. Arg.

B. stylaris, Müll. Arg.

Croton metallicus, Seem.

C. heterotrichus, Müll. Arg.

C. leptopus, Müll. Arg. à Claoxylon fallax, Müll. Arg.

C. echinospermum, Mill. Arg. Acalypha consimilis, Müll. Arg. A. rivularis, Seem.

A. latifolia, Müll. Arg.

A. denudata, Müll. Arg.

A. repanda, Müll. Arg.

A. levifolia, Mill. Arg. Macaranga secunda, Müll. Arg. M. membranacea, Mill, Arg.

M. macrophylla, Müll. Arg. Stillingia pacifica, Müll. Arg. Laportea Milnei, Seem.

L. Harveyi, Seem.

L. Vitiensis, Seem.

Pellionia filicoides, Seem.

P. australis, Wedd.

Elatostema nemorosum, Seem. Pipturus platyphyllus, Wedd. Leucosyke corymbulosa, Wedd. Fieus Vitiensis, Seem.

F. Harveyi, Seem.

F. Barclayi, Seem.

F. bambussefolia, Seem.

F. Storckii, Seem.

F. Pritchardii, Seem.

F. theophrastoides, Seem. Caturus pelagieus, Seem. Trophis anthropophagorum, Seem. Piper insectifugum, Casim. de Cand. Dammara Vitiensis, Seem. Podocarpus affinis, Seem.

P. Vitiensis, Seem. *

Kentia exorrhiza, Herm. Wendl. Veitchia Storckii, Herm. Wendl. V. Joannis, Herm. Wendl.

V. subglobosa, Herm. Wendl. Ptychosperma Seemanni, Herm. Wendl. P. perbreve, Herm. Wendl.

P. pauciflorum, Herm. Wendl. P. Pickeringii, Herm. Wendl.

P. Vitiense, Herm. Wendl.

P. filiferum, Herm. Wendl. Sagus Vitiensis, Herm. Wendl. Freycinetia Vitiensis, Seem.

F. Pritchardii, Seem.

F. Storekii, Seem. — — Freycinetia Milnei, Seem. Rhaphidophora Vitiensis, Schott. R. Storckiana, Schott.

Cuscuaria spuria, Schott. Cyrtosperma edulis, Schott. Alpinia Vitiensis, Seem.

A. Boia, Seem.

Amomum Cevunga, Seem.

Habenaria tradescantifolia, Rchb. fil.

H. superflua, Rehb. fil.

H. supervacanea, Rehb. fil.

Anecochilus longiflorus, Rehb. fil. Tropidia effusa, Rehb. fil.

Epiphanes micradenia, Rehb. fil. Tæniophyllum Seemanni, Rchb: fil. Thrixspermum Godeffroyanum, Rehb. fil.

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS. xxl

Saccolabium Bertholdii, Rehb. fil. Sarcanthus Nagarensis, Rehb. fil. Calanthe ventilabrum, Rchb. fil.

C. hololeuea, Rehb. fil. Appendicula bracteosa, Rehb. fil. Eria stenostachya, Rchb, fil.

E. sphærocarpa, Rchb. fil.

E. rostriflora, Rehb. fil. Microstylis platychila, Rehb. fil. Dendrobium Mohlianum, Zeb. fil. D. Tokai, Rchb. fil.

D. catillare, Rehb. fil. Chrysoglossum vesicatum, Rehb. fil. Smilax (?) trifurcata, Seem.

Pleiosmilax Vitiensis, Seem. Cordyline sepiaria, Seem. Astelia montana, Seem. Aneilema Vitiensis, Seem. Alsophila Vitiensis, Carr.

A. truncata, Brack.

Davallia Fejeensis, Hook.

D. ferulacea, 7. Moore.

D. Denhami, Hook. Microlepia papillosa, Brack. M. tenuis, Brack. Hymenophyllum affine, Brack. H. dilatatum, Sw., and several other Crypto-

gams.

A comparison of the flora of Viti with that of New Holland shows that, with the exception of Rhamnus (?) Vitiensis, Homalium Viiiense, Tacca maculata, and Marlea Vitiensis, the exact limits as species and geographical range of which are as yet hardly traced out, the two floras have only such species in common as enjoy a wide distribution either in the Old or the New World, as weeds, freshwater or seaside plants; and that the Vitian Phanerogamous vegetation does not embrace a single species which may be considered of genuine New Holland type. Moreover, eight out of the ten indigenous ipen common to Viti and New Zealand, are also found in New Holland.

Plants Common to both New Holland and Viti :—

Portulaca oleracea, Linn.

f Sida rhombifolia, Linn. Urena lobata, Linn. Hibiscus diversifolius, Jacq. H. tiliaceus, Linn. Thespesia populnea, Corr. Heritiera littoralis, Ait. Waltheria Americana, Linn. Triumfetta procumbens, Forst. Oxalis corniculata, Linn. Carapa Moluccensis, Lam. Ximenia elliptica, Forst. Rhamnus (?) Vitiensis, Benth. Colubrina Asiatica, Brongn. Vitis saponaria, Seem. _ Leea sambucina, Willd.

Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Linn.

| Dodon:a viscosa, Linn.

Crotalaria quinquefolia, Linn. Tephrosia piscatoria, Pers. Ormocarpum sennoides, De Cand. Desmodium umbellatum, De Cand. D. polycarpum, De Cand.

Uraria lagopodioides, De Cand. Glyzine tabacina, Benth. Erythrina Indica, Lam.

Mucuna gigantea, De Cand. Canavalia obtusifolia, De Cand. Phaseolus Truxillensis, H. B. K. P. Mungo, Zinn.

Vigna lutea, A. Gray.

Abrus precatorius, Zinn.

Derris uliginosa, Benth. Pongamia glabra, Vent.

Sophora tomentosa, Linn. Guilandina Bonducella, Linn.

FLORA OF THE VITIAN ISLANDS.

Cassia levigata, Willd.

C. Sophera, Linn.

Ceratophyllum demersum, Linn. Rhizophora mucronata, Lam. Bruguiera Rheedii, Blume. Lumnitzera coccinea, Wight et Arn. Gyrocarpus Jacquini, Rozb. Barringtonia speciosa, Linn. f. Melastoma Nove-Hollandiz, Naud. Homalium Vitiense, Benth.

Tacca maculata, Seem.

Hydrocotyle Asiatica, Linn.

Marlea Vitiensis, Benth.

Guettarda speciosa, Linn.

Canthium odoratum, Seem.

Morinda citrifolia, Zinn.

Ageratum conyzoides, Linn. Adenostemma viscosum, Forst. Siegesbeckia orientalis, Linn. Eclipta prostrata, Linn.

Bidens pilosa, Linn.

Glossogyne tenuifolia, Cass. Myriogyne minuta, Less.

Sonchus asper, Fuchs.

Scævola Kænigii, Vahl.

S. sericea, Forst.

Plumbago Zeylanica, Linn. Jasminum didymum, Forst.

J. simplicifolium, Forst.

Ochrosia elliptica, Labill.

(?) Tabernæmontana orientais, R. Br. Hoya bicarinata, A. Gray (H. australis, R. Br.). Erythræa australis, R. Br. ! Limnanthemum Kleinianum, Griseb. Cordia subcordata, Lam.

C. aspera, Forst.

Tournefortia argentea, Linn f. Batatas paniculata, Chois. Ipomeea peltata, Chois.

I. Turpethum, R. Br.

I. dentieulata, Chois.

I. Pes-Capree, Sw.

I. longiflora, R. Br. Aniseia uniflora, Chois. Solanum oleraceum, Dunn. S. tetrandrum, R. Br. Physalis Peruviana, Linn. Limnophila fragrans, Seem. Vandellia crustacea, Benth. Vitex trifolia, Linn. Plantago major, Linn. Pisonia inermis, Forst. Boerhaavia diffusa, Lina.

Euxolus caudatus, Mog.

Euphorbia Atoto, Forst.

Excæcaria Agallocha, Linn.

Casuarina equisetifolia, Forst.

Cocos nucifera, Linn.

Typha angustifolia, Linn.

Lemna melanorrhiza, F. Muell. et Kurz. Dioscorea sativa, Linn.

Geitonoplesium cymosum, 4. Cunn. Lepironia mucronata, L. C. Rich. Gahnia aspera, Spr.

Rhynchosia aurea, Vahl.

Fimbristylis communis, Kunth. Mariscus flavus, Kunth.

Andropogon refractus, R. Br.

Imperata arundinacea, Cyrill.

Paspalum scrobiculatum, Linn. Lycopodium volubile, Forst. (and various

other Cryptogams).

xxiil

CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM ADOPTED IN THE PRESENT WORK.*

eec dioec

Crass I. DICOTYLEDONS.

Stem, when perennial, consisting of a pith in the centre, of one or more concentric circles of woody tissue, and of the bark on the outside. Embryo with 2 cotyledons (rarely 0), the young stem in germination proceeding from between the 2 lobes of the embryo, or from a notch at its summit.

Suspivision I. ANGIOSPERMZE, Ovules enclosed in an ovary, and the seeds in a seed- vessel,

Sunctass 1. POLYPETALZE.

Petals several, distinct, sometimes 0, rarely united.

Series I. THALAMIFLORZE. Torus small or elongated, rarely expanded in a disk. Ovary superior. Stamens definite or more frequently indefinite.

I. Ranunculaces. Herbs with radical or al- ternate leaves, or climbers with ‘opposite leaves. Stipules 0. Sepals usually coloured and decidu- ous. Petals in 1 series or 0. Stamensoo, Aril- lus 0. (p. 8.)

II. Dilleniacese. Trees shrubs or under- shrubs, with alternate leaves. Stipule 0. Sepals usually herbaceous and persistent. Petals in 1 series. Stamens usually oc. Seeds with an arillus or strophiola. (p. 3.)

III. Anonacez. Shrubs trees or woody climbers, with alternate leaves. Stipules 0. Se- pals 3. Petals in 2 series of 3 each (rarely com- bined in a mass). Petals smaller than the inner sepals or 0. Stamens definite, opposite the petals. Carpels 6 or fewer. (p. 4.)

IV. Cruciferze. Herbs with alternate leaves. Stipules 0. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 6, te- tradynamous, or rarely 4 or cc. Placentas 2, con- nected by a false dissepiment. Albumen 0. Em- bryo curved. (p. 5.)

V. Capparidez. Herbs shrubs or trees. Stipules often priekly. Sepals 4 (2 outer ones sometimes united). Petals 4 (rarely more, or 0 or

united). Stamens co, or, if few, not tetradynamous. pp 2 or 0. Albumen 0. Embryo curved. p. 6.)

VI. Violacez. Herbs or shrubs. Stipules herbaceous or small. Sepals 5. Petals 5 (often irregular). Anthers 5, on short filaments, conni- vent or connected in a ring round the pistil. Pla- centas usually 3. Albumen fleshy. Embryo ra- ther large. (p. 6.)

VII. Bixinez. Trees or shrubs. Stipules 0. Sepals 5 or fewer. Petals various, often 0. Sta- mens oo. Placentas 2, 8, or more. Albumen fleshy. Embryo rather large. (p. 7.)

VIII. Pittosporese. Trees shrubs and under- shrubs, or twiners with alternate leaves. Stipule 0. Flowers regular or oblique. Stamens as many as petals. Embryo minute. (p. 7.)

IX. Portulaceze. Herbs often succulent, with alternate or opposite leaves. Stipules scarious or changed into hair. Sepals 2. Petals more nume- rous than the sepals. Stamens oo or rarely definite. Placentas central. (p. 8.)

X. Elatineze. Herbs or undershrubs, with small opposite leaves. Stipules small. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens definite. (p. 10.)

XI. Guttiferz. Trees or shrubs, with oppo- site leaves. Stipules 0. Flowers polygamous or l-sexual. Stamens oo. (p. 10).

XII Ternstreemiacez. Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves. Stipules 0. Flowers her- maphrodite. Stamens oo or very rarely definite. (p. 13, et Suppl. p. 425).

XIII. Malvacesz, Herbs shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually persistent. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers l-celled. (p. 15 et Suppl.) oA

XIV. Sterculiaceze. Herbs shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually present. Stamens monadelphous, or, if free, definite and altering with petals. Anthers 2-celled. (p. 23.)

XV. Tiliaceze. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with alternate leaves. E usually present. Stamens oo, free, or scarcely united at the base. Anthers 2-celled. (p. 26.)

* In drawing up this Key I have freely availed myself of the writings of Endlicher, Lindley, Bentham,

and J. D. Hooker.

-

B

j -. XXIV CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS

Series II. DISCIFLORZE. Torus usually thickened or expanded into a disk, either free or adnate to the ovary or to the calyx, or to both, rarely reduced to glands or wanting. Stamens as many, or twice as many as petals, or fewer. Ovary superior, or partly immersed in the disk (inferior in Rhamnacee), divided into cells with axile pla- centas, or the carpels distinct.

XV*, Humiriacez. Trees or shrubs, often with balsamic juice. Leaves alternate, undivided, coriaceous, exstipulate. Sepals small. Disk often lobed or toothed. Stamens 10-co; anthers with a fleshy conical connective. Ovary entire, 5-7- celled. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Fruit drupa- ceous. Albumen fleshy. (See Suppl.)

XVI. Malpighiaceze. Woody climbers, rarely trees or erect shrubs, with opposite, rarely alter- nate leaves. Stipules present. 2 glands on the outside of some or all the calyx-lobes (wanting in some genera). Disk not large. Gyncecium lobed or apocarpous, Ovules 1 in each cell. Albumen 0. (p. 29.)

XVII. Geraniacez. Herbs or shrubs, articu- lateornot, with toothed divided or compound leaves without glandular dots. Stipules usually present. Disk reduced to 5 glands or obsolete. Ovary an- gular or lobed. Ovules 1, 2 or rarely more in each cell. Albumen 0, or rarely fleshy. (p. 30.)

XVIII. Rutacez. Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, with eompound or rarely simple leaves, always marked with pellucid dots. Stipules 0. Disk within the stamens. Ovary rarely en- tire, usually lobed or the carpels distinct, with the styles connate or gynccium entirely apocarpous. Ovules 2 in each cell. Albumen fleshy or 0. (p. 30.)

XIX. Simarubez. Trees or shrubs, of bitter taste, with compound or rarely simple leaves, with- out any glandular dots. Stipules 0. Disk within the stamens. Ovary rarely entire, usually lobed or the carpels distinct, with the styles connate or gy- neecium entirely apocarpous. Ovules usually 1 in each cell. (p. 33.)

XX. Ochnacez. Trees or shrubs, with alter- nate leathery simple leaves. Stipules present. Disk after anthesis enlarging. Anthers elongated.

- Ovary generally lobed. Ovules 1, 2, or oo in each cell. (p. 34.)

XXI. Burseracez. Trees or shrubs not dot- ted, but with a balsamic juice. Leaves ternately or pinnately compound. Stipules 0. Disk free or adnate to the calyx-tube. Ovary entire. Ovules usually 2 in each cell. Albumen 0. Cotyledons much folded, or rarely thick and fleshy. (p. 34.)

XXII. Meliacez. Trees or shrubs, with com- pound or rarely simple leaves. Stipules 0. Sta- mens monadelphous. Anthers sessile, or rarely

4

stipitate within or on the top of the staminal tube. Ovary entire. Ovules 2 in each cell. Albumen 0 or fleshy. (p. 35.)

XXIII. Chailletiacez. Trees or shrubs, ith alternate simple leaves. Stipules present. Petals 2-lobed. Disk cupshaped or divided into 4 scales. Ovary entire. Ovules 2 in each cell.

XXIV. Olacineze. Trees or shrubs. Stipules 0. Stamens twice as many as petals, or, if the same number as petals, opposite to them. Petals val- vate. Ovary 2- or 3-celled at the base, 1-celled at least at the top; placenta central, with 2 or 3 pendulous ovules. (p. 88.)

XXV. Icacineze. Trees or shrubs. Stamens as many as petals or corolla-lobes, and alternate with them. Petals valvate. Ovary 1-celled, with 2, rarely 1 ovule, pendulous from one side or the - apex of the cavity. Seed pendulous. (p. 89.)

XXVI. Ilicinez. Trees or shrubs. Stipules O. Petals or corolla-lobes imbricate. Ovary 3- or more celled. (p. 39.)

XXVII. Celastrinez. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules 0 or minute and deciduous, Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals spreading, imbri- cate. Stamens alternating with the petals or fewer. Ovary entire. (p. 40.)

XXVIII. Rhamnez. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules usually present. Calyx- lobes valvate. Petals small concave or 0. Sta- mens opposite the petals. Ovary entire, often inferior. (p. 41.)

XXIX. Ampelidez. Small trees or shrubs, often climbers, with simple or compound leaves, the petiole usually expanded into a stipule. Calyx- lobes imbricate. Petals valvate. Stamens opposite the petals. Ovary entire. Albumen cartilagine- ous. Embryo small. (p. 44.)

XXX. Sapindacez. Trees shrubs or climb- ers, with simple or compound leaves. Stamens anisomerous with the petals, or twice as many as petals, or of the same number, often within the disk. Style 1. Ovules ascending. (p. 45.)

XXXI. Anacardiacez. Trees or shrubs,with simple or compound leaves. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, never within the disk. Ovules suspended from an erect panicle or from the top or side of the cell with an inferior micro- pyle. (p. 49.) ,

Series III. CALYCIFLORZE. Stamens and petals usually inserted on the margin of a thin disk lining the base or the whole of the calya-tube, and free from the ovary, unless the calyz-tube is also adnate to it. Stamens definite or œo. Ovary either free and superior, or enclosed in the calyz- tube, or inferior and adnate to the calyz-tube.

XXXII. Connaracez. Trees or shrubs.

-

ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM ADOPTED IN THE PRESENT WORK. XXV.

Leaves alternate, 1—3-foliolate or pinnate. Stipules O. Flowers regular. Stamens definite. Carpels of the gynccium 1-5, free. , Ovules 2, ascending from the base, orthotropous. Albumen copious.

(p. 53.)

XXXIII. Leguminosz. Trees shrubs or

herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, often .

compound, Stipules rarely wanting. Gynecium free, consisting of a single excentrical carpel with a terminal style, the ovules inserted along the upper or inner angle of the cavity. Albumen usually scanty or 0. (p. 54.)

XXXIV. Chrysobalaneze. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, with stipules. Gyncecium free, consisting of æ single carpel, 1-2-celled, with : style proceeding from its base. Albumen 0. (p.

4.)

XXXV. Rosaceze. Shrubsor herbs. Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers regular. Sta- mens usually indefinite. Carpels of the gynecium lor several, free and distinct, or, if adnate to the calyx-tube, either distinct or combined into a sin- gle ovary. Styles distinct, proceeding from the apex of the ovaries. Albumen usually 0. (p. 75.)

XXXVI. Myrtaceze. Trees or shrubs, rarely half-shrubs. Leaves without stipules, opposite or rarely alternate, feather-veined or seldom 3-5- nerved, generally dotted. Calyx-lobes imbricate or open. Stamens oo, or rarely definite. Ovary very often inferior, 2—-00-celled, with 2—oo ovules in each cell or rarely 1-celled, with subbasilar placentas. Albumen 0. (p. 76 and Suppl.)

XXXVII. Melastomaceze. Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves without stipules, opposite, 8-9- nerved, or rarely feather-veined. Calyx-segments often imbricate or open. Staméns very often de- finite ; anthers at the apex 1-2-porous or rarely with 2 slits. Ovary adhering to calyx or free, 2-co-celled, cells with oo ovules. Albumen 0. (p. 84.)

XXXVIII. Rhizophorez. Trees or shrubs, often maritime, with opposite leaves. Stipules de- ciduous. Flowers regular. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals usually notched or jagged. Stamens twice as many as petals or more. Ovary usually inferior, several-celled, with 2 or more ovules pendulous from the apex of each cell. Style undivided. Seeds usually solitary, with or without albumen. (p. 90.)

XXXIX. Combretacez. Trees shrubs or woody climbers. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Ovary in- ferior, 1-celled, with 2 or more solitary ovules pen- dulous from the apex of the cavity. Style undi- vided. Seed solitary, without albumen. Cotyle- dons convolute. (p. 92.)

XL. Homalinez. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite or verticillate, with

.and often resembling them.

or rarely without stipules. Calyx free or adhering to ovary, 4-15-merous. Petals 4-15. Stamens equal in numbers to petals and opposite to them, and, when indefinite, collected in fascicles placed opposite the petals, and alternating with the glands which are opposite the sepals. Ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentas. Styles 1-6. Seeds albuminous.

(p. 95.)

XLI. Passiflorez. Trees or shrubs, generally climbers. Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers regular. Petals persistent with the calyx-lobes, Stamens definite. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, with parietal placentas- Style branched. Seeds albuminous. (p. 97.)

XLII. Papayacez. Trees, rarely herbs, milky, with simple spongy stem. Leaves simple. Sti- pules 0. Flowers 1-sexual, generally dicecious. Calyx 5-merous. Corolla gamopetalous in 4, 5- petalous in 9. Stamens 10 in fl. 2, O in fl. 9. Ovary 1-5-celled, with parietal placentas. Ovules cc. Seeds albuminous. (p. 97.)

XLIII. Samydeze. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often with pellucid dots. Stipules small or 0. Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx free, 4—5-merous. Petals 0, or 4-5, sometimes oo. Sta- mens definite or indefinite, arranged in single or double series. Ovary 1-celled with parietal pla- centas. Style entire or branched. Seeds albumi- nous. (p. 97.) ^

XLIV. Balanophorez. Succulent, leafless, root parasites. Flowers much reduced, usually 3- merous, l-sexual Stamens various, usually 3. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules solitary, pendulous. (p. 98.)

XLV. Taccacez. Perennial herbs, with tube- rous root and radical leaves. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth 6-merous, limb petaloid. Stamens 6, filaments hooded at apex. Ovary in- ferior, 1-celled or 3 half-celled. Ovulesco. Styles 3. Seeds albuminous. (p. 100.)

XLVI. Cucurbitacez. Herbs, either pro- strate or climbing with tendrils. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers l-sexual regular. Sta- mens 8-5. Ovary inferior, at first 1-celled, the (3) parietal placentas soon meeting in the axis and dividing the cavity into 3 or 6 cells, or remaining l-celled with 1 placenta. Style entire or branched. Seeds without albumen. (p. 103.)

XLVII. Saxifragaceze. Shrubs or herbs. Leaves various, with or without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Carpels of the gynccium usually united into 1- or several-celled ovary, at least at the base, free or more or less adnate or inferior. Styles usually distinct or readily separable. Albumen usually copious. (p. 108.)

XLVIII. Hederacez. Trees shrubs a

XXV1 CLASSIFICATION OF

rarcly herbs. Leaves usually alternate, with or without stipules. Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Petals 5-00, valvate in sstivation. Stamens de- finite or indefinite, inserted round an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-oc-celled; cells 1-ovulate, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous, often succulent. Seeds albuminous, with a minute embryo. (p. 111.)

XLIX. Cornaceze. Trees shrubs or rarely herbs. Leaves or rarely alternate. Stipules 0. Petals valvate. Stamens as many as or twice as many as petals. Ovary inferior, 1- or 2-celled, with 1 atte ams ovule in each cell. Style simple. Seeds albuminous, the embryo nearly as long as the albumen. (p. 119.)

Susctass II. MONOPETALZE. Petals united into a single lobed corolla, very rarely

Sree.

L. Loranthaceze. Parasitical shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Petals free or united into a single lobed corolla. Stamens opposite the corolla-lobes or petals. Ova inferior, 1-celled, with 1 erect ovule, not percepti- ble until the flowering is over. Seeds albuminous. (p. 119.) P

LI. Rubiacez. Trees shrubs orherbs. Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar or sheathing stipules. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, and alternate with them. Ovary inferior, 2- or more celled, very rarely reduced to 1 cell. Seeds albuminous. (p. 121.)

LII. Composite. Herbs shrubs or rarely trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without sti- pules. Flowers or florets generally collected in heads, each head surrounded by a calyx-like invo- luere, the true ealyx of each floret wanting or re- duced to a pappus. Stamens as many as corolla- lobes and alternate with them. Ovary inferior, 1- celled, with 1 erect ovule. Seeds without albumen. (p. 139.)

LIII. Goodeniacez. Herbsorshrubs. Leaves alternate or radical. Flowers more or less irre- gular. Stamens 5. Ovary inferior, at least as to the corolla, 2-celled or rarely l-celled. Style with a cup-shaped or peltate indusium under the stigma. Seeds albuminous. (p. 145.)

LIV. Ericaceze. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, Stamens usually free from the corolla, twice as many as its lobes. Anthers 2- celled, opening in terminal pores, rarely in longi- tudinal slits. Ovary inferior or superior, with as many, or rarely fewer, cells as corolla-lobes. Seeds albuminons, (p. 146.)

LV. Myrsinez. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually dotted. Flowers regular. Sta- mens as many as corolla-lobes and opposite to them. Ovary 1-celled, with peltate ovules attached to a

. Segments.

THE NATURAL ORDERS

free central placenta. Fruit succulent or hard, usually indehiscent. Seeds rarely without albumen. (p. 147).

LVI. Sapotaceze. Trees or shrubs, the juice often milky. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular. Corolla-lobes as many, or twice as many as calyx- Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, and opposite to them, or twice as many. Ovary 2- or more celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit succulent or hard, usually indehiscent. Seeds with or without albumen. (p. 150.) :

LVII. Ebenaceze. Trees or shrubs, not milky. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, usually diceci- ous. Corolla-lobes 3-5. Stamens indefinite (few or many). Ovary 3- or more celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit succulent, usually inde- hiscent. Seeds albuminous. (p. 151.)

LVIII. Styraceze. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Co- rolla-lobes as many or twice as many as calyx- lobes. Stamens usually more than twice as many, rarely twice as many as corolla-lobes, or fewer. Ovary, or at least the fruit, more or less inferior, 2-5-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Fruit usually succulent and indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. (p. 152.)

LIX. Jasminez. Trees or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate. Flowers regular. Corolla with 4, 5, or rarely more lobes, rarely 2, petaled or 0. Stamens 2, alter- nating with the carpels. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit succulent or capsular. Seeds with or without albumen. (p. 153.)

LX. Apocyneze. Trees or shrubs, often twin- ing, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely scattered. * Flowers regular. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolia-lobes; anthers conni- vent around the stigma. Ovary of 2 distinct car- pels, the styles connected upwards, or rarely the carpels united from the base. Fruit of 1 or 2 follicles, drupes, or berries. Seeds usually albumi- nous. (p. 155.)

LXI. Asclepiadez. Twiners or rarely her- baceous perennials or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers regular. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers connate round the stigma, 2- or 4-celled; pollen consolidated in 1 or 2 masses in each cell. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; the styles united upwards. Fruit follicular. Seeds with little albumen. (p. 161.)

LXII. Loganiacez. Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, often connected by stipules or raised lines. Flowers regular. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, and alternate with them. An- thers free. Ovary usually 2-celled. Style single. ue a capsule or berry. Seed albuminous. (p. 163.)

LXIII. Gentianez. Herbs, with a bitter

ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM ADOPTED IN THE PRESENT WORK. xxvii

taste. Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers re- gular or nearly so. Stamens as many as corolla- lobes, and alternate with them. Anthers free. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or rarely more parietal pla- centas, rarely completely dividing it into 2 cells. Ovules co and minute. Style single. Fruit a prn rarely indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. (p. 167.)

LXIV. Boraginez. Herbs usually coarsely hirsute, or in drupaceous genera trees or shrubs. Leaves usually alternate. Flowers regular, in cymes or unilateral racemes. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and alternate with them, or very rarely fewer. Ovary 2- or 4-celled with 1 ovule in each cell, or 2-celled with 2 parallel ovules in each cell. Style single, entire, or rarely forked. Fruit a drupe, or dry and separating into 2 or 4 nuts. Seeds with little or no albumen. (p. 168.)

LXV. Convolvulacez. ‘Twiners, or rarely erect herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, usually axillary. Corolla-limb folded in bud. Stamens 5, alternate with the co- rolla-lobes or angles. Ovary of 2 to 4 cells or carpels, with 1 or 2 erect ovules in each. Style single and entire, or 2-branched or 2 distinct styles. Fruit capsular or suceulent and indehiscent. Seeds with little or no albumen. Cotyledons very much folded or inconspicuous. (p. 170.)

LXVI. Solanacez. Herbs, shrubs or soft- wooded trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular or nearly so. Corolla-lobes folded or rarely imbri- cate in bud. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, and alternate with them. Ovary 2-celled or spu- riously 4-celled (rarely 3- or 4-celled), with several ovules in eaeh cell. Style single. Fruit a berry ora capsule. Seeds albuminous, the embryo usu- ally curved or annular. (p. 173.)

LXVII. Scrophularinez. Herbs, or rarely shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or oppo- site. Flowers irregular, with the corolla-lobes bi- labiate or imbrieate in the bud, or rarely nearl regular, with the corolla-lobes folded. Perfect stamens, 4 in pairs or 2, the 5th rudimentar wanting or very rarely perfect. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule or very rarely a berry. Seeds albuminous. Embryo usually straight. (p. 180.)

LXVIII. Cyrtandreze. Herbs or, when shrub- by, often epiphytical or climbing, rarely erect shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers usually irre- gular. Perfect stamens 4, in pairs or rarely 2 only. Ovary l-celled, with 2 parietal placentas and co ovules. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with or without albumen. (p. 181.)

LXIX. Acanthacez. Herbsor shrubs, rarely twiners. Leaves opposite. Flowers more or less irregular. Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, or 2 only. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or more superposed ovules

in each cell. Fruit a capsule opening elastically in 2 valves. Seeds without albumen, usually sub- tended by hooked or rarely cup-shaped or minute retinacula. (p. 183.)

LXX. Verbenacez. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, rarely compound. Corolla regular or irregular. Stamens as many as or fewer than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary rarely lobed, 2- or 4-celled. Cells 1- or 2-ovuled. Seeds with or without albumen. (p. 186.)

LXXI. Labiate. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple. Corolla irregular or nearly re- gular. Stamens 2 or 4. Ovary 4-lobed to the base, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled. Style between the lobes. Fruit of 4 small nuts. Seeds with or with- out albumen. (p. 191.)

LXXII. Plantaginez. Herbs or rarely un- dershrubs. Flowers capitate or spiked, green or brownish. Corolla regular, scarious, 4-lobed. Sta- mens 4, filaments very long, flexuous. Ovary en- tire, 2-celled, ovules on the septum. Capsule cir- cumsciss. Seeds peltate, albuminous. (p. 193.)

LXXIII. Plumbaginez. Herbs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers in heads spikes or panicles. Petals 5, often united at base. Stamens 5, distinct, or united at base. Ovary 1- celled, with 1 suspended ovule. Styles 5. Seed albuminous. (p. 194.)

Suzerass III. INCOMPLETZE.

Perianth really or tly simple or O (except in some Molluginaces, Euphorbiacez).

LXXIV. Nyctaginez. Shrubs, trees and herbs. Perianth elongate, tubular. Stamens hy- pogynous. Style 1. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, erect. Embryo folded. Albumen scanty. (p. 194.)

LXXV. Amaranthacez. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. Perianth 5 leaflets, scarious. Stamens perigynous, monadelphous. Style usually simple. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 1 or more, pendulous from basilar cords. Embryo annular in mealy albumen. (p. 196.)

LXXVI. Molluginacez. Herbs or shrubs, leaves usually alternate. Calyx divided to the base. Petals 5, fewer or 0. Styles 1-5, often wanting. Ovary l-celled, 1-oc-ovulate. Placentas basal or nearly so. Embryo curved in mealy al- bumen. (p. 200.)

LXXVII. Polygonacez. Herbs, Stipules sheathing. Perianth 5- or 6-partite. Stamens 6-9, perigynous. Styles 2 or 3, very short. Ovary l-celled. Ovule 1, erect. Embryo straight or

curved in mealy albumen. (p. 200.)

LXXVII. Lauraces. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Perianth of 4-8 segments. Stamens 12- 15, perigynous, anthers opening by recurved

I

xxviii valves. Style 1. Ovule 1, pendulous. Embryo

with thick cotyledons. Albumen 0. (p. 201.)

LXXIX. Hernandiaces. Trees, leaves ex- stipulate. Flower monecious. Perianth in fl. g

6-, in fl. 9 10-partite, segments in double series, :

and valvate in zstivation. Stamens 3, rarely 4, anthers opening longitudinally. Albumen 0. (p. 203.)

LXXX. Myristicacez. Trees, often yield- ing a red juice. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers unisexual. Perianth 3-, very rarely 2- or 4-fid, valvate in estivation, segments in single series. Stamens 3—co, anthers opening longitudi- nally. Ovary 1-celled, l-ovulate. Ovule erect. Albumen ruminate. (p. 204).

LXXXI. Monimiaces. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Perianth 4-15-lobed. Stamens perigynous. Anthers by slits or recurved valves. Carpels oo, 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Ovule pendulous. Embryo small in fleshy albumen. (p. 205.)

LXXXII. 'Thymeleacese. Shrubs or trees, `

with rough fibrous bark. Flowers usually herma- hrodite. Perianth tubular, with 4-5 imbricate obes. Stamens 1-10, inserted on perianth. Style 1. Ovary 1-2-celled, cells 1-2-ovulate. Ovules pendulous. Seeds with or without albu- men. (p. 206.)

LXXXIII. Santalacese. Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves generally alternate. Stipules O. Perianth 3-5-lobed, valvate. Stamens 3-6. Style simple or 3-fid. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2- 5, pendulous from a central placenta. Fruit often inferior, 1-seeded. (p. 209.)

LXXXIV. Euphorbiacez. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, rarely compound. Flowers unisexual. Ovary of 3, rarely 2 or more than 3 united carpels, with 1 or 2 pendulous ovules, and

usually separating into cocci. Seeds albuminous. (p. 215.)

LXXXV. Urticacez. Herbs shrubs or trees, Flowers unisexual, fl. 4 small, green, not in cat- kins. Stamens opposite the perianth-segments. Ovary free. Ovule 1 (or if 2, one always abor- tive). Styles 2 or rarely 1, unilateral. Seeds al- buminous. (p. 234.)

LXXXVI. Ceratophyllez. Submerged herbs with verticillate leaves. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 12-20. Ovary free, l-celled. Ovule 1,

endulous. Style pervious. Stigma filiform, ob- ique. Albumen 0. (p. 258.)

LXXXVII. Chloranthacez. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers l- or 2-sexual. Perianth 0. Stamens 1-3, epigynous. Ovary 1- celled. Ovule 1-pendulous. Tou fleshy and oily. (p. 258.)

LXXXVIII. Piperaceze, Herbs or shrubs.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS

Flowers bisexual, minute, closely packed in slender spikes. Stamens usually 2, hypogynous. Ovary l-celled. Ovule 1, erect. Albumen mealy, aro- matic. (p. 259.)

LXXXIX. Casuarineæ. Shrubs or trees, with jointed shoots, the internodes of which are striated. Leaves (except in 1 species) 0. Flowers unisexual. Stamen 1, anthers opening longitudi- nally. Ovary l-celled, with 1 or 2 ascending ovules. Styles 2. Seed erect, without albumen. (p. 262.)

Suspivision II. GYMNOSPERMZE. . Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary.

XC. Coniferæ. Trees or shrubs. Stem re- peatedly branched, continuous. Leaves simple. Anthers in the male, ovules in the female, inserted on scales which often form catkins or cones. (p. 263 et Suppl.)

XCI. Cycades. Shrubs or trees. Stem continuous, usually simple, rarely branched.

Leaves pinnate. Scales of the cone antheriferous. (p. 268.)

Crass II. MONOCOTYLEDONS.

Stem, when perennial, without pith, bark, or rings of wood, but consisting of a cellular axis with scattered longitudinal vascular bun- dles. Veins of the leaves usually parallel, not netted, or, if so, by parallel veins. Perianth, when present, usually 3- or 6-merous, the leaf- lets all petaloid, often absent, the flowers being contained in the axils of scales arranged in spikelets, Stamens usually 3 or 6. Embryo with 1 cotyledon, the plumule being developed in a cavity at its side, and the rootlets from its radical end, which does not elongate.

XCII. Palmeze. Shrubs or trees, stem usu- ally simple. Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphro- dite. Perianth of 6 coriaceous or fleshy leaflets. Stamens 6, rarely fewer or more. Ovary 3-celled or ovaries 3, cells 1-ovuled. Albumen even or ru- ~ minate. (p. 269).

XCIII. Pandanez. Trees shrubs or herbs. Flowers unisexual, in dense spikes or catkins. Perianth O or imperfect. Stamens oo, anthers stalked. Ovaries 1-celled, usually numerous. Stigmas sessile or on slender style. (p. 280.)

XCIV. Aroideze. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves sheathing at base, often net-veined. Flowers on a simple spadix, with a spathe. Perianth O or of small scales. Stamens definite or indefinite. An- thers sessile. (p. 283.)

XCV. Lemnacez. Water plants, with mi- nute, scale-like fronds, from which the roots are

ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM ADOPTED IN THE PRESENT WORK. Xxix

suspended. Flowers appearing by threes in a cleft of the frond, surrounded by a spathe, uni- sexual. Perianth 0. Stamen 1. Ovary 1-2- celled. Ovule 1, erect in each cell. Albumen 0. (p. 288, et Suppl.)

XCVI. Scitaminez. Herbs, occasionally trees. Leaf-veins usually pinnate. Flowers irregular, with 1 to 5 perfect stamens, the remainder of the normal 6 being petal-like and barren or wanting. Ovary inferior. Seed albuminous. (p. 288.)

XCVII. Orchidez. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 leaflets in 2 whorls, very irregular. Anthers 1 or 2, sessile in astigmatiferous column. Ovary 1-celled. Em- bryo homogeneous. (p. 293.)

XCVIII. Amaryllidez. Herbs, generally bulbous, rarely fibrous-rooted, or with woody stem. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, of 6 segments, usually petal-like. Stamens 6. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, 1-co-ovuled. Seeds albuminous. (p. 805.)

XCIX. Dioscores. Twining shrubs, with large tubers, either above or below the ground. Flowers unisexual. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, cells with 1-2 ovules. Seed albuminous. (p. 305.)

C. Smilaceze. Twining plants, with tendrils and sometimes fleshy tubers. Leaves reticulated. Flowers bisexual or polygamous. Perianth regu- lar, of 6 segments, Stamens usually 6, rarely 3 or co. Ovary superior, 8-celled, cells 1-cc-ovuled. Seed albuminous. (p. 309.)

CI. Liliaceze. Herbs, with creeping bulbous or clustered root-stock, rarely shrubs or trees. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, all petal-like. Stamens 6. Ovary superior, 3- celled, cells 1, several in each cell. Seed albumi- nous. (p. 310.)

CII. Commelynacese. Herbs, leaves usually sheathing at base. Perianth slightly irregular, the inner segments very delicate, petal-like, the outer more herbaceous. Stamens 6 or fewer. Ovary superior, 3- or 2-celled. Embryo on the edge of the albumen. (p. 313.)

CIII. Juncacez. Herbs. Flowers herma- phrodite. Perianth regular, of 6 dry brown lan- ceolate leaflets. Stamens 3 or6. Ovary superior, l- or 3-celled. (p. 314.)

CIV. Cyperacez. Herbs, with leaf-sheath entire. Perianth 0, or of bristles or minute scales. Stamens 1-12, anthers terminal, 2-celled. Ovary l-eelled, 1-ovuled. Pericarp coriaceous. Embryo at the-base of the albumen. (p. 315.)

CV. Graminez. Herbs shrubs or tree-like shrubs. Culms fistular, jointed. Leaves sheath- ing, sheaths split to the base. Perianth O or of 2 minute scales. Stamens usually 3, rarely more or fewer. Anthers versatile Ovary 1-celled, 1-

ovuled. Pericarp membranaceous, adhering firmly to the seed. Embryo at the side of the base of the albumen. (p. 320.)

Crass II. ACOTYLEDONS.

Plants cellular or vascular, without true sta- men, pistils, or ovules. Organs of fructification often minute, giving origin to microscopic spores, by which the species are propagated. Spores germinating by microscopic threads, or by a prothallium. Fecundation (where known) effectuated by spermatozoids (not by pollen

grains). Suncirass I. ACROGENS.

Plants usually furnished with distinct stem and leaves, the latter symmetrically arranged. Stems usually dichotomously branched, sometimes re- duced to simple fronds or membranous green ex- pansions, then furnished with a midrib, Fructi- fication various.

CVI. Lycopodiaceze. Plants never aquatic. Vernation somewhat circinate. Stem elongate, erect, creeping or pendulous. Leaves imbricate all round or 2- or 4-stichous, usually small, flat or subulate. Fructification of capsules, which are axillary in the upper leaves or in the scales of a cone, sessile, 1-3-celled, bursting by 2 or 3 valves, full of microscopie spores marked by 3 radiating lines. (p. 327.)

CVIL. Filices. Plants rarely aquatic. Ver- nation usually circinate. Stem of cellular tissue traversed by spirally marked vessels, often collec- ted into hard woody bundles. Fructification of very minute capsules full of microscopic spores, situated on the under surface of the frond, or on separate branches of the frond, rarely of larger cap- idle confluent under the under-surface of the frond or collected spikes. (p. 331.)

Equisetacez. Plants rarely aquatic. Leaves reduced to a membranous sheath. Stem striated, articulated, fistular, chiefly consisting of cellular substance, but strengthened with tracts of hard woody tubes. Spiral vessels small, but abundant. Spore-cases borne on peltate scales, splitting on one side, without operculum, and with elaters to every spore. (This small order dropped out of its place in the making up of the sheets, and has been placed at the end, p. 423).

CVIII. Musci. Erect or ereeping,small, usually terrestrial plants, with distinct stem and leaves, without spirally marked vessels. Leaves always small, usually with a midrib. Fructification of 2 kinds; 1, more or less obovoid or ovoid, brown, sessile or stalked, erect or drooping capsules, which open by a lid, or rarely 4 lateral slits or not at all, and contain minute spores; 2, minute cylindric

XXX CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS.

membranous sacs (antheridia), which are axillary or crowded at the tips of the branchlets, and con- tain spermatozoa. (p. 878).

CIX. Jungermanniez. Plants allcellular, usu- ally with the habit of Musci, but often forming flat continuous fronds with a stout midrib. Leaves without a midrib, usually distichous or recurved, entire, 2- or more lobed. Fructification of 2 kinds, as in Musci, but the capsules are split from the top to the base into 4 diverging valves, and the spores are mixed. (p. 404).

CX. Marchantieze. Leafless, wholly cellular ey consisting of broad, green, rather thick flat obed fronds, with or without midrib, closely ap- pressed to the ground, and emitting rootlets from the under surface; cuticle porous. Fructification of 2 kinds; 1, capsules, usually symmetrically dis- posed on the under side of a peltate peduncled re- ceptacle, which rises from the edge of the frond (rarely solitary or sessile), and contains spores mixed with spiral filaments; 2, antheridia con- tained in sessile or peduncled, peltate or discoid re- ceptacles. (p. 419).

Suscrass II. THALLOGENS.

Plants usually without a distinct leafy stem, formedof a flattened or cylindrical, dichotomously branched or variously formed frond or thallus, or composed of articulated threads or simple cells variously disposed; vascular or spiral tissue O or extremely rare. Fructification imbedded in the substance of the thallus, very various.

CXI. Lichenes. Perennial, coriaceous or rigid crustaceous plants, all terrestrial, consisting of a thallus which is erect or appressed to the ground, or to rocks or trees, often reduced to mere scales or a powdery crust; substance al- ways very dense, cellular externally, filamentous in- ternally. Fructification of 4 kinds; 1, septate spores contained in tubes (asci) which are usually collected into hard peltate disks or shields, formed of the upper surface of the thallus, but sometimes imbedded in cracks of the thallus; 2, spermo- gones or small sacs containing spermatia (sup- posed to be a form of spermatozoa) ; 8, pyenides, obscure organs, giving origin to spore-like bodies at the tips; 4, gonidia or globose spore-like bodies, imbedded in the filamentous substance of the thal- lus, and sometimes breaking through the cortical substance and forming powdery masses called soredia and cyphellx. (p.419).

CXII. Fungi. Cellular, terrestrial or epi- phytic or parasitic plants, presenting an infinite variety of form, but never forming flat crusts or foliaceous expansions, as the Lichenes and Alge; frequently existing on animal matter and on living or dead foliage, often ephemeral, variously coloured, rarely green. Substance consisting of a congeries of cells or cellular filaments, usually soft or succu- lent, never containing gonidia. Fructification of microscopic spores attached to the outer cellular surface or seated on the top of peculiar cells, or contained in asci, as in Lichenes. (p. 421).

BERTHOLD SEEMANN.

BERTHOLD SEEMANN was born on February 28th, 1825, at Hanover. He was educated at the Lyceum of his native town, the head master being Grotefend, one of the earliest decipherers of cuneiform writing. From the son of this gentleman young Seemann received his first lessons in Botany, which soon became his chief study. He early acquired some aptitude in writing, his first article having been written at the age of seventeen. In 1844, full of a desire to travel in foreign countries, he came to Kew with the object of fitting himself for the work of a botanical collector, and worked in the garden under the then curator, Mr. John Smith. Here he gained the good . opinion of Sir W. J. Hooker, on whose recommendation he was in 1846 appointed naturalist to . H.M.S. Herald, then employed on a surveying expedition in the Pacific. The post had become vacant by the untimely death of Mr. Thomas Edmonston. Leaving England in August, Seemann went by way of Madeira and the West Indies, and disembarking at Chagres, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, at that time a journey of some days. When he reached the city of Panama, in September, the * Herald? had not returned from Vancouver's Island. Seemann profited by the delay to explore the Isthmus, and collected materials which enabled him to produce the most complete general description of that country ever published. He discovered not only a number of new plants and animals, but also some curious hieroglyphies in Veraguas. Seemann joined the * Herald? on January 17th, 1847, and remained with her until the completion of her voyage round the world. He thus had the opportunity of exploring nearly the whole west coast of America, frequently making long journeys inland. In Peru and Ecuador he went from Payta through the Peruvian deserts, and. across the Cordillera of the Andes to Loja, Cuenca, and Guayaquil. Subsequently, he traversed several of the western states of Mexico, starting from Mazatlan, crossing the Sierra Madre, and pushing on to Durango and the borders of Chihuahua. At that time, the Comanche and Alpache Indians were very troublesome, and Seemann narrowly escaped with his life. In 1848, the fate of Sir John Franklin began to excite apprehension in England,

and the ‘Herald’ was directed to proceed to the Arctic regions, by way of Bebring's Strait, to search for the missing voyagers. In the three voyages the ‘Herald’ made to these regions, a new island: was discovered between Asia and America, and the vessel attained a higher latitude than

any other had previously accomplished on that side of America. Seemann collected materials for | h

xxm ee BERTHOLD SEEMANN.

a Flora of the extreme north-west of Arctic America, and for the anthropology of the Esquimaux. In her various voyages, the ‘Herald’ visited repeatedly Kamtchatka and the Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands; and in 1850 she began her homeward course, touching and remaining for some time at Hongkong, Singapore, Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and Ascension, reaching England in June, 1851. Seemann published a popular account of the voyage, entitled a ‘ Narra- tive of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ in 1853, and under the authority of the Admiralty he produced ‘The Botany of the Herald,’ containing Floras of Western Eskimo-land, North- western Mexico, the Isthmus of Panama, and Hongkong. This important work was published in 1852-57 in a thick quarto volume, with 100 plates by Fitch, the analyses for which were furnished by Dr. J. Hooker, whose assistance, as well as that of Sir W. J. Hooker, the author cordially acknowledges in the preface.

About this time the degree of Ph.D. was conferred on Seemann by the University of Góttin- gen, and the Imperial German * Academia Nature Curiosorum " made him a member under the name of * Bonpland." A few years later he was elected Adjunct or Vice-President for life.

Iu 1853 Seemann started, with his brother, W. E. G. Seemann, the botanical journal ‘ Bonplandia.’ This was published in Hanover, and carried on for ten years, till the end of 1862.

In 1857 Seemann went to Canada as official representative of the Linnean Society at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Montreal.

In 1860 Seemann went to the Viti Islands to inquire into the natural productions and capabilities of these islands, under circumstances which are narrated in the introductory pages of this volume, and more at length in his popular narrative of the expedition published in 1862, under the title ‘Viti; a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands? The most important scientific result of the expedition is the present work, the last part of which is now published after - many unexpected delays. It contains the results not only of Seemann's own explorations, but those of all other expeditions to the South Seas, from Captain Cook's first voyage till the present time. Itis the first time that the synonymy and characters of these have been properly and faithfully worked up, and this work, which must be the foundation of any future Flora of the Tropical Pacific Islands, will be a lasting monument to the eminent scientific attainments of its lamented author.

The ‘Journal of Botany, British and Forei gn,’ was commenced in 1863, on the relinquishment of the * Bonplandia,’ of which it was in some sort a continuation.

After his return from Viti the force of circumstances took Seemann more and more away from botanical and scientific work. In 1864 he visited Venezuela; leaving Southampton on the 2nd of February, he reached Caracas towards the end of the same month, thence proceeded to Porto Cabello, Chichirividei and Tocuyo, and returned to Europe vid Curacao and St. Thomas.

Seemann was elected in 1865 Honorary Secretary to the International Botanical Congress, which was held next year in London under the presidency of A. De Candolle; but after devoting himself for some months to the duties of his office, he reluctantly left England to explore New Segovia and other parts of Nicaragua for the Central American Association, He was absent from England from March till August, 1866, when he returned with several new plants, which wera considerably increased in number during his second visit in the following year. An account of this journey was published in ‘ Dottings on the Roadside in Panama, Nicaragua and Mosquito’ (1869), some chapters of which were written by Captain Pim, his fellow traveller. One result of

+

BERTHOLD SEEMANN. xxxiii

these explorations was the purchase by some English capitalists of the Javali gold mine, in the district of Chontales, Nicaragua, and the company secured Seemann's services as managing director. This was most beneficial to the mine, but the result has been disastrous to science. His long and frequent absences from England and attention to business matters greatly interfered with Seemann's botanical work. Still his friends, and he himself, hoped that all this was but temporary, and that leisure and opportunity would again be found for scientific work.

Seemann started in the summer of 1871 for Nicaragua with some misgivings, having suffered severely from fever on his last previous visit. He, however, reached Javali at the end of July, after a rough journey through the swamps, in good health, but in the middle of September he was seized with fever. From this he never rallied; his death, which happened after three weeks' illness, on October 10th, was somewhat sudden, and under circumstances which pointed towards some cardiac complication. The next day his body was buried close by his house at the mine, in the little patch of industry and civilization his energy had called into existence in the primeval forest, and surrounded by the tropical vegetation he knew so well.

Besides the books already mentioned, Seemann was the author of many others. In 1858 he wrote the letterpress to the ‘ Paradisus Vindobonensis) In 1852 he published an enumeration of the Acacias cultivated in Europe, with two plates. His ‘ Popular History of Palms’ (1856) is well known, and has been translated into German by Dr. Bolle. His ‘British Ferns at one View’ (1860) has been a useful work to amateurs. Among his smaller botanical books may be mentioned ‘ Hanoverian Customs and Manners in their Relation to the Vegetable Kingdom’ (1862) ; an English translation of Von Kittlitz’s ‘Twenty-Four Views of the Vegetation of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific? (1861) ; the introduction to and numerous articles in Lindley and Moore's excellent ‘Treasury of Botany? (1865); and the ‘Popular Nomenclature of the American Flora’ (1851). Of detached papers in science, the Royal Society's Catalogue (to 1863) enumerates fifty-eight under Seemann's name; the first there given is one on descriptive botany in the Regensburg * Flora? for 1844.

But beyond his scientific writings, Dr. Seemann was a very prolific author of articles on subjects of general literature and politics. These are said to amount altogether to several thousands, in English, German, and several other languages, which he wrote well. Hé was also the author of several short dramas, two or three of which have some popularity in Hanover, and of some pieces of music, of which art he possessed a good knowledge. Seemann was a Fellow of the Linnean, Geographical, and other societies in England and abroad ; he took particular interest in the Anthropological Society, of which he was a Vice-President. In botany the groups which more especially engaged his attention were the genera Camellia and Thea (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxii.) and other Ternstrümiacem, the OCrescentiacem (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol xxiii); the Hederacee (‘Journal of Botany,—reprinted as a separate work 1865); aud the Bignoniacee. Regel (‘Garten- flora,’ iv. p. 183 and t. 126) dedicated to him a beautiful Gesneraceous plant from the Andes, now Seemannia sylvatica, Hanst.

Dr. Seemann married an English lady ; but had the misfortune to lose his wife a few years ago, during one of his absences in Central America. He leaves an only daughter.

Tab. 1.

Vincent Brooks, Imp.

Valley of Ono-Baleaga, Viti Levu.

me dn z i - SECUS. Cikobia.

THE

PIJI ISLANDS

Lhe parts explored by D? Seemann &M Stor à are shaded thus iain PR p? / à / Ths route trom Navua to Namosi 4 A S

TERG T " a d s r ; po ev : : pue ee s. E 3 H ; 3 J NEG TP CA ny 1 à : - ay

Nes . M b. Madir:

Na ik. F [ V Dn ; i a o n OR Ni T. pa $ ee qur. et ukulau MEAM rr, $ 4 Ps Makuluva I .

MID

' Lum ; uo rs SOC WIS 4 mde Par Vatulele T. N i Esc T a eee ur eke oral -EP Qs : S ae Fiar. MO rs m m. ONT E g^ DM ee [c — à p Cm pier s CLE Pu 1 $2 o a us Tat il j i 4 S E NET ; = : Duke Levu M? s f ; i : qe D Ogea L i ud * Mauka KS y ji : p. B Ex i 180 M long: West of Greenwich

| | | | | E : 179 Long: Fast of Greenwich . 3 Drooks, lith. f

Lovell. Reeve & Co. Henrietta St. Covent, Garden.

FLORA VITIENSIS. .

SYNOPSIS.

Ordo I RANUNCULACEJE.

I. Clematis, Linn. Gen. n. 696; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 3. Sepala 4 (rarius 5-8), peta- loidea, valvata. - Petala O v. sepalis breviora et gradatim in stamina abeuntia. Carpella oo, uni- ovulata. Ovulum pendulum. Achenia capitata, sessilia v. vix stipitata, apice stylo persistente nudo v. barbato caudata.—Frutices suffrutices vel herbæ, caule erecto v. scandente; foliis oppositis, ternatim pinnatimve plurifoliolatis v. rarius simplicibus, petiolo sepe volubili nec in cirrhum mutato; flo- ribus axillaribus terminalibusve, solitariis v. paniculatis, ebracteolatis v. rarius 2-bracteolatis, scepius, presertim in speciebus hemisph:erii australis tropicisve, polygamo-dioicis.

1. C. Pickeringii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 1; scandens; foliis ternatis, foliolis membranaceis ovatis v. subcordatis acuminatis integerrimis 5-nerviis laxe venosis glabris; floribus paniculatis dioicis, pedunculis 3-7-floris, sepalis (albis) lineari-oblongis obtusis sericeis, petalis nullis, antheris glanduloso- apiculatis, acheniis barbato-caudatis.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 1). Also collected in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

Doubtless distinct from Clematis stenosepala, DC. (including C. glycinoides, DC.), of which Bentham thinks it may be a variety. The sepals are only half as long as those of C. stenosepala, thicker, and obtuse.

Orvo II. DILLENIACEZE.

I. Wormia, Rottb. Nov. Act. Hafn. 1783; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 13. Sepala 5, patentia. Petala 5. Stamina sublibera. Antherz erectæ, lineares, apice biporose. Carpelle 5-12, vix cohze- rentia, oc-ovulata, maturitate membranacea v. coriacea, intus dehiscentia v. rarius indehiscentia. Semina arillata.—A rbores interdum excels; foliis amplis parallele penniveniis, petiolis alatis, alis (stipulis ?).deciduis; floribus speciosis in paniculas terminales sepius paucifloras dispositis.

1. W. biflora, Seem.; foliis ovato-oblongis repando-serratis acutis obtusisve subcoriaceis con- fertim recte venosis, basi stipuliformi petiolum utrinque latissime marginante mox sursum dissiliente ; pedunculis 2-floris, carpellis 12.— Capellia biflora, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 15. t. 1. Nomen

vernac. “ Kukulava” v, * Kulava.”—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 2). : : 22

4 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Leaves, especially in young plants, sometimes 1-1} feet long, and 4-6 inches broad; flowers yellow ; anthers biporose at apex, as in the rest of the genus.

2. W. membranifolia, Seem. ; foliis oblongis obovatisve repando-serratis membranaceis recte venosis, costis subdistantibus; pedunculis 2-3-floris, floribus parvulis; carpellis 8-10.— Capellia membranifolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 17. An var. preecedent.?—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Orvo III. ANONACEZE.

» I. Uvaria, Linn. Gen. n. 692; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 23. Sepala 3, basi sæpe coalita, lata, valvata. Petala 6, rotundata, ovalia v. oblonga, biseriatim imbricata, plano-convexa, basi inter- dum coalita. Stamina co, plano-compressa, connectivo ultra loculos subfoliato v. truncato-dilatato. Torus parum elevatus, truncatus, pubescens v. tomentosus. Carpella co, lineari-oblonga, intus sul- cata, stylo continuo truncato, ovulis co biserialibus. Baccx forme varie, co-spermze v. abortu 1-spermze.—Frutices scandentes v. sarmentosi v. arbores, pube v. tomento stellato ; inflorescentia ple- rumque oppositifolia rarius axillari ; floribus hermaphroditis.

1. U. () amygdalina, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 31; arborea, glabra; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi sinu parvo subcordatis breviter petiolatis fere membranaceis supra nitidis reticulatis,

venis omnibus tenuibus; pedunculis brevibus 1-floris, carpellis ovoideo-globosis obtuse apiculatis in gynophorum sessilibus oligospermis.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Flowers unknown, and hence the genus to which this species belongs somewhat doubtful.

II. Polyalthia, Blum. Fl. Jav. Anon. 70. (sect. i.) t. 33, 34; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 25. Sepala 8, valvata v. rarius leviter imbricata. Petala 6, biseriatim valvata, mox aperta, plana, sub- zqualia, ovata v. angusta. Stamina oo, cuneata, connectivo ultra loculos truncato-dilatato. Torus parum elevatus, apice planus v. leviter concavus. Carpella oo, stylo oblongo, ovulis 1-2 erectis. Baccæ stipitatze, globose v. oblongze, l-spermse.— Arbores v. frutices; foliis oblique penninerviis ; floribus solitariis v. fasciculatis, axillaribus y. oppositifoliis, parvis v. sepius per anthesin auctis.

l. P. Vitiensis, (sp. nov. Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 254 (Tab. IIL); arbuscula; folis ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis brevissime petiolatis glabris; floribus axillaribus soli- tariis, pedunculis calycibusque pubescentibus, petalis ellipticis extus puberulis, stigmatibus pubes- centibus; baccis oblongis v. ovato-oblongis obtusis.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 4).

A small tree, with shining leaves and small white flowers. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 2-23 inches broad. . Pedunceles longer than the petioles.

ExrLANATION or PrATE IIL—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, 8, and 4, stamens, in different positions; 5, flower, with the petals removed ; 6, the same, with calyx and a few of the stamens removed ; 7, a young carpel; 8, a head of berries; 9, an entire berry; 10, cross section of the same; 11, a seed; 12, longitudinal

section of berry; 14, longitudinal section of seed; 18, albumen,—all, with the exception of Figs. 8 and 9, more or less magnified.

III. Cananga, Rumph. Amb. t. 65. (et 66?) non Aubl.; Hook. f. et Thoms. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 129; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 24, Sepala 3, valvata. Petala 6, biseriatim valvata, mox aperta, subzequalia, elongata, plana. Stamina oo, linearia, connectivo ultra loculos ovato-acuto. Torus con- vexiusculus, medio subconcavus. Carpella oo, in stylum anguste oblongum stigmate capitato atte- nuata, ovulis oo biserialibus. Baccæ stipitate. Semina pulpa immersa.—Arbor excelsa ; pedunculis ad axillas v. ad nodos defoliatos sæpius compluribus, umbellatim plurifloris; floribus magnis odoratis.

1, C. odorata, Hook. f. et Thoms. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 130; foliis ovato-oblongis longe attenuatis plerumque obliquis margine undulatis ; pedunculis axillaribus 2—4-floris.— Uvaria odorata, Lam. Il. t. 495. fig. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol ii. p. 661; Blum. Bijdr. 14. Fl. Jav. Anon. 29. t. 9, 14 B.

mn FLORA VITIENSIS. 5

Unona odorata, Dun. Anon. 108; DC. Syst. vol. i. p. 492; Prodr. vol. i. p. 90. Uvaria Cananga, Vahl. U. farcta, Wall. Cat. 6460. U. axillaris, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 667. U. Gertneri, Dun. Anon. 89; DC. Syst. vol. i. p. 482; Prodr. vol. i. p. 88. Unona leptopetala, Dun. Anon. 114; DC. Syst. vol. i. p. 496; Prodr. vol. i: p. 91; Delessert, Icon. Select. t. 88. U. velutina, Blum. Fl. Jay. Anon. 31, non Dun. nec Roxb.; Geertn, Fr. vol. ii. t. 114. f. 2. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Makosoi."—Common throughout the group (Seemann! n. 5),

This is a useful timber-tree, frequently planted in Fijian villages on account of its fragrant flowers, extensively used for scenting cocoa-nut oil, with which the natives oil their naked bodies. In the Samoan (Navigator) Islands the oil is applied to the hair (according to U. S. Expl. Exped.), as is the case in the Moluccan and Malayan islands (according to Blume). Cananga odorata is frequently cultivated as an orna- mental tree in the tropics of the Old and New World. “It does not appear to be a native of Bengal or Madras,” say the authors of the ‘ Flora Indica,’ “though it is certainly indigenous to the eastward,’’—Ava and Tenasserim. Blume found it in Java, Greffe in Uvea, and Cuming in the Philippine Islands.

IV. Richella, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 28. t. 2.—Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 26. Sepala 3, arevissima, valvata, basi connata. Petala 6, biseriatim valvata, exteriora patentia, interiora multo minora, circa genitalia conniventia. Stamina oo, linearia-cuneata, connectivo ultra loculos truncato- dilatato. Torus latus, apice concavus. Carpella oc, stylo longiusculo, ovulis prope basin 2 super- positis, matura indehiscentia exsucca breviter stipitata. Semina abortu solitaria, triquetra, angulis

. 2 in alam productis.—Arbor Uvarie facie; floribus lateralibus pedicellatis. 1. R. monosperma, A. Gray, l.c. p. 28. t. 2.—0Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Anona squamosa, Linn. Spec. 757, the *Soursop," has been introduced from South America by way of Tahiti; in 1860 it was only seen in a few isolated specimens on the estate of Captain Wilson and M. Jaubert at Somosomo, and in the garden of a French settler at Levuka, Ovalau. As one of the finest of the Custard-apples, it is a great acquisition to Viti as a dessert fruit. The leaves, it is well known, have a heavy disagreeable odour, and the seeds contain a highly acrid principle, fatal to insects, on account of which the natives of India use them powdered and mixed with the flower of the Gran (Cicer arietinum), for oecasionally washing their hair. xe Tk UMS :

Orbo IV. CRUCIFERE.

I. Cardamine, Linn. Gen. n. 812; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 70. Sepala basi equalia. Petala unguiculata. Staminum longiorum filamenta recta. Siliqua elongata, linearis, compressa; valvis planis, subenerviis, elastice desilientibus; septo hyalino; stylo brevi v. elongato; stigmate simplici v. bilobo. Semina 1-seriata, immarginata, compressa.— Herb: habitu varie, sepissime flaccide et glabre ; rhizomate nunc squamoso v. bulbifero; foliis simplicibus v. seepius pinnatisectis, interdum oppositis v. ternatim verticillatis; floribus racemosis v. subcorymbosis ebracteatis erectis v. nutan- tibus, albis purpureis v. violaceis, nunquam (?) flavis; siliquis sepe erectis gracilibus planis, valvis enerviis v. obscure 1—3-nerviis.

l. C. sarmentosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 529; caule subnudo basi flagellifero ; foliis petiolatis glabris pinnatisectis, segmentis 5 ovatis inferne dentatis, infimis petiolulatis; floribus parvis (albis), pedicellis filiformibus demum patentibus; siliquis patentibus.—DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 153.— Common throughout the group on roadsides and waste places (Seemann! n. 8; Sir E. Home!). Also found in Tongan (Barclay !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Society (Banks and Solander! Forster!) and Marquesas Islands (Barclay !), and in Peru, about Lima (U. S. Expl. Exped.). s

In New Caledonia this species and Lepidium piscidium (which may be expected in Viti, though not yet collected) are eaten instead of Cress, and as antiscorbutics. ded M sb.

inapis nigra, Linn. Spec. 933, the Mustard-plant, was collected by me at Tavuki, island of Kadavu, where it had escaped from the gardens of the white settlers, and may in time become naturalized; but I noticed it only in this one spot. pud o. i

T

6 FLORA VITIENSIS.

»

Orvo V. CAPPARIDE.

I. Capparis, Linn. Gen. n. 643; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.108. Sepala 4, rarissime 5, libera v. ima basi connata, rarius gamosepala' et irregulariter rupta, intus nuda glandulosa v. ligula aucta, valvata v. imbricata v. 2 exteriora valvata. Petala 4, rarissime plura, imbricata. Torus brevis. Stamina sepissime oo, toro inserta; filamentis filiformibus, liberis. Ovarium longe stipitatum, 1—4- loculare; placentis 2-6; ovulis co; stigmate sessili. Bacca stipitata, globosa v. cylindrica, sspe elongata, rarissime dehiscens. Semina oo, nidulantia; testa crustacea v. coriacea; embryo convo- lutus.— Arbores et frutices, ssepe scandentes, inermes spinosi v. aculeati, glabri lepidoti v. tomentosi ; foliis simplicibus rarius nullis petiolatis membranaceis v. eoriaceis; stipulis spinosis v. setosis; in- florescentia varia; floribus ssepius bracteatis et albis.

l. C. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 69; scandens; stipulis spinosis brevibus uncinatis . interdum nullis; foliis ovato-oblongis nunc lanceolatis seu lineari-lanceolatis subacuminatis basi obtusis, novellis cum ramulis calycibusque ferrugineo-puberulis, adultis glabris subcoriaceis ; pedi- , cellis 5 seriatim supra-axillaribus petiolum subzequantibus; floribus parvis, staminibus circiter 19. ` —Macuata coast of Vanua Levu, and Direction Island (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Ordo VI. VIOLARIEZ.

. I. Agatea, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 89. t. 7; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 118. Sepala sub:qualia, decidua, basi haud producta. Petalum inferius ceteris paullo majus, basi gibboso-sacca- tum. Filamenta brevia, complanata, connata v. superius demum distinctum ; connectivo apice in membranam producto. Stylus apice clavato-subeurvatus; stigmate antico. Capsula carnosa, 3- valvis. Semina compresso-alata, imbricata, pericarpio parallela; testa ad faciem internam crus- tacea nigra, ad faciem externam membranacea.— Frutices sarmentosi ; foliis alternis integerrimis v. dentatis, racemis axillaribus v. terminalibus paniculatis; floribus parvis viridulis v. albidis, maculis purpureis.— Agation, Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. viii. p. 79.

„T cannot make up my mind to change the oldest name of the genus on the plea that it is too much like Agathea, though advocated by an eminent authority. A single letter has hitherto been thought quite sufficient to distinguish one generic name from another.

1, A. violaris, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 89. t. 7; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis integer- rimis v. repando-subdentatis ; paniculis axillaribus patentibus folia equantibus v. brevioribus; corolle labello spathulato-truncato.— 4gation violare, Brongn. Bull. Soc. Fr. vol. viii. p. 80.

Var. a; folis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis v. obsolete repandis paniculas subzequantibus. —Naloa Bay (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Var. 8; foliis majoribus ovato-oblongis nune repando-subdentatis panjculas excedentibus.— Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.); Somosomo, Taviuni (Seemann! n. 12); Moala (Milne !); Viti Levu (M‘Gillivray !).

My specimens, which Asa Gray has referred to his var. 8, have ripe fruit, a dehiscent 3-valved capsule, about 2 inches long. The flowers are whitish, blotched with purple.

II. Alsodeia, Thouars, Hist. Veg. Afr. 55. t. 17, 18; Benth. et Hook. f, Gen. p.118. Flores 5-meri. Sepala subewqualia. Petala subæqualia, sessilia v. brevissime unguiculata. Filamenta libera v. plus minus connata, omnia dorso appendiculata v. nuda, connectiva in annulum approxi- mata v. coherentia, ultra loculos producta. Placente 1-co-ovulate. Stylus rectus; stigmate ter-. minali. Capsula elastice v. simpliciter 3-valvis. Semina pauca, subglobosa, glabra v. gossypina;

-

cs

S

FLORA VITIENSIS, 7

testa crustacea v. coriacea.—Frutices v. arbores; foliis alternis v. oppositis integerrimis v. serratis ; floribus parvis solitariis v. sepius racemosis v. paniculatis axillaribus v. terminalibus ; filamentis nunc brevissimis nunc antheris longioribus.

1, A. () Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. British and Foreign, vol. ii. p. 75. (1864); glabra; ramulis geniculato-flexuosis; foliis brevissime petiolatis v. sessilibus ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis; floribus axillaribus solitariis (viridibus), calycis laciniis 5 oblongis obtusis, petalis . . . , staminibus . . . , capsula (flava) ovato-oblonga obtusa 3-valvi ; seminibus numerosis subglobosis glabris grani Piperis magnitudine.—“ Serirakavono " incolarum.— Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Storck ! n. 867). |

This plant may possibly be the type of a new genus, but having only seen fruiting specimens, I have provisionally placed it in Alsodeia, though the numerous seeds are rather opposed to its admission. I do not find anything like it either in the Kew or British Museum Herbaria. Mr. Storck says (* Bonplandia,’ x. p. 295), “the flowers are greenish and the fruit yellow.” The leaves, when in very young bud, are covered with silky, whitish hairs, but after expansion they are perfectly glabrous, the largest being 5 inches long and from 2-2} inches broad. Capsule $ of an inch long, nodding.

Orpo VII. BIXINEZE.

I. Xylosma, Forst. Prodr. 72; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 198. Flores dioici (v. polygami ?). Sepala 4—5, squamzeformia, scepius ciliata, imbricata. Petala 0. Stamina oo, disco glanduloso sepe cincta; anthere versatiles, breves. Ovarium disco annulari impositum; placente parietales 2 v. rarius 3-6, 2—pauci-ovulatz; stylus integer v. plus minus divisus, stigmatibus dilatatis, v. stigma rarius subsessile peltato-lobatum. Bacca indehiscens, parva, 2-8-sperma. Semina ovoidea; testa levis, crustacea; cotyledones latz.— Arbores spe spinescentes ; foliis dentatis v. rarius integerrimis ; floribus ad axillas glomeratis v. rarius breviter racemosis.

1, X. orbiculatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 380; inerme, glabrum ; foliis orbiculatis v. elliptico-rotun- datis coriaceis integerrimis v. suberenatis; sepalis 4, lobis obtusissimis, ovato-rotundatis, intus pube- rulis, extus hispidis, bacca (nigra) ovato-globosa.— Myroxylon -orbiculatum, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 63. n. 2. Xylosma integrifolium, Clos. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 4 Ser. vol. viii. 236.— Island of Taviuni (See- mann! n.10). Also collected at Savage Island (Forster!) and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Marquesas Islands (Lapére).

I hold X. Laperei, Clos. = X. suaveolens, Forst. (Merretia axillaris, Sol. in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plant. t. 120, ined. Rhamnoides axillaris, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 377, ined.), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! W. Anderson! Forster! in Mus. Brit.), of which A. Gray has given a good illustration. But 1 find another new Polynesian species in Barclay's Sandwich Island collection.*

Orpo VIII. PITTOSPOREZE.

I. Pittosporum, Banks in Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 286. t. 59; Benth. et Hook. f, Gen. p. 131. Sepala distincta v. basi connata. Petala basi v. ultra medium in tubum conniventia v. cohserentia v. rarius a basi patentia; filamenta subulata; antherz erectw, ovato-oblonge, 2.rimosw. Ovarium sessile v. breviter stipitatum, imperfecte v. subperfecte 2- rarius 3—5-loculare; stylus brevis, Capsula

* Xylosma Hawaiense, sp. nov. Seem.; inerme, glabrum, foliis petiolatis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acu- minatis minute glanduloso-dentatis coriaceis, racemis axillaribus 6-floris, bracteatis, pedicellis (6-8 lin. long.) infra medium 2-bracteolatis, sepalis 4 rotundatis v. oblongis obtusis v. subapiculatis glabris, margine ciliatis, petalis . . , , disco hypogyno glanduloso, staminibus ..., bacca (immatura) ovata glabra stigmate sessili 4-lobo eoronata.—Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Barclay! n. 1256).—" A shrub, 4 feet high, growing in ravines, and vernacularly termed * Rouk-kui' (Barclay). Branches stout. Leaves very coriaceous, 3-43 inches long, including petiole, and 2-21 inches broad. Petals and stamens wanting in the specimen.

8 FLORA VITIENSIS.

globosa ovata v. obovata, a latere sepe compressa; valve coriaces v. sublignosz, indivise, semisepta placentifera medio gerentes. Semina crassiuscula, exalata, in liquore viscoso sepius nidulantia, leevia.—Frutices v. arbusculæ, seepius sempervirentes, glabri v. rarius tomentosi, erecti, foliis integris v. sinuato-dentatis in speciebus nonnullis seepe ad apices ramulorum subverticillatis; floribus nunc ter- minalibus confertim corymbosis subumbellatis v. paniculatis, nunc solitariis v. paucis, terminalibus axillaribus v. lateralibus.

1. P. arborescens, Rich in A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 223; glabrum; folis chartaceis obovato-oblongis seu oblongis obtusis basi acutis longiuscule petiolatis margine subundulatis; pedun- culis glomerato-multifloris; calyce 4—5-fido; petalis coalitis; capsula levi subglobosa bacciformi bivalvi co-sperma, valvis crassiusculis dorso sulcatis; seminibus lenticularibus pallide purpureis.— Viti, particular habitat not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.); also in the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. P. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 224; glabrum; foliis lanceolato-oblongis utrinque acutis v. acutiusculis; pedunculis ferrugineo-hirtellis multifloris, floribus glomerato-cymosis; calyce obtuse 5-fido glabro; ovario tomentoso; capsula subglobosa leviuscula bivalvi, valvis coriaceo- lignosis dorso convexis; seminibus ovalibus atris.— Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (See- mann ! n. 55).

3. P. Brackenridgei, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 225. t. 17. fig. A; glabrum; foliis ovali- oblongis seu ellipticis obtusis basi acutis; pedunculis (fructiferis) binis ternisve terminalibus 1-floris petiolum haud superantibus; capsula subglobosa leviuscula bivalvi, valvis coriaceo-lignosis dorso convexis; seminibus subglobosis atris.—Macuata, north coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu, Ovalau, and Moturiki (Seemann! n. 56), Nairai and Matutla (Milne!). :

4. P. tobiroides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 226. t. 17. fig. B ; glabrum; foliis elliptico- obovatis obtusissimis subretusis basi acutis; pedunculis (fructiferis) terminalibus solitariis 1-floris petiolum bis superantibus; capsula globoso-subtetragona levi bivalvi, valvis crassissimis coriaceo-

lignosis dorso convexis; seminibus subglobosis atris.—Somosomo, island of Taviuni (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

5. P. Pickeringii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 227; glabrum; foliis oblongis v. oblongo-lan- ceolatis utrinque acuminatis margine undulatis; pedunculis terminalibus in umbellam digestis graci- libus apice umbellatim plurifloris; calyce abbreviato 5-fido; petalis discretis ; ovario ovoideo 5-locu- lari basi attenuato substipitato, loculis 6-ovulatis; stylo brevissimo; capsula ovato-globosa leviuscula, 2-valvi, valvis crassissimis coriaceo-lignosis dorso convexis, seminibus compressis atris.— Viti, precise habitat not recorded (U. S. Expl, Exped.), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 53), Kadavu (Seemann! n. 54), where it is called ** Tadiri" by the natives.

6. P. rhytidocarpum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 228. t. 18; glabrum; foliis oblanceolatis seu obovato-oblongis breviter acuminatis basi attenuatis; floribus in umbellas sessiles terminales con- gestis; calyce abbreviato 5-sepalo; petalis coalitis; ovario tomentuloso haud stipitato ; stylo longi- usculo ; capsula oblonga lignosa crassissima tuberculato-rugosissima bivalvi; seminibus compressis. —Ovalau, Macuata, and north coast of Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Namara, Viti Levu (See- mann! n. 52), Viti, exact habitat not recorded (Harvey !).

Orvo IX. PORTULACEZE.

I. Portulaca, Linn. Gen. n. 603; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 156. Sepala 2, basi in tubum ovario adnatum coalita (v. toro concavo imposita ?) , superne libera, decidua. Petala 4—6, libera v. basi

FLORA VITIENSIS. _ 9

leviter concava, ad sepalorum basin (tori marginem?) inserta. Stamina 8-oo, ad basin petalorum

+ cum iis perigyna. Ovarium semi-inferum (toro semi-immersum ?), oc-ovulatum; stylus profunde 8-8-fidus. Capsula. membranacea, semi.infera, parte libera circumscissim dehiscente. Semina a latere compressa, reniformia, nitida, sepe granulata; embryo periphericus.—Herbe diffuse v. adscen- dentes, carnosz ; foliis alternis v. suboppositis, planis v. teretibus, ad axillas szepe fasciculato-setosis, summis sspe flores involucrantibus ; stipulis scariosis v. ad setarum fasciculos reductis, in P, oleracea minutis; floribus terminalibus, sessilibus v. pedicellatis, flavis purpureis v. roseis.

1. P. oleracea, Linn. Spec. 638, excl. var. 8; Koch, Synops. Fl. Germ. Edit. iii. p. 217; caule ramisque prostratis; axillis geniculisque setosis, setis minutis strictis; foliis oblongo-cuneatis ; floribus (flavis) solitariis geminis ternisve sessilibus, laciniis calycis obtuse carinatis, staminibus 10-12.—Schkuhr, Handb. t. 130. P. oleracea a. sylvestris, DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 353. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Taukuku ni vuaka."—Common on roadsides and in waste places throughout the Viti group (Seemann! n. 13). I have also seen specimens from the Sandwich Islands (Macrae !), Ceylon, the East Indies, Madeira, and Brazil.

A. Gray refers P. lutea, Sol., as a synonym to this species, but that is evidently a very different plant, of which no specimens exist; but at the British Museum there is a full description of it by Solander, and a highly-finished coloured drawing by Parkinson, both made on the spot. It is larger than any other species of the genus, and being thick and fleshy, as well as a seaside plant, has probably proved difficult to preserve. De Candolle calls it “P. flava, Forst. Plant. Escul. 72," but that is evidently a slip of the pen; it should be * P. lutea, Sol. in Forst. Plant. Esculent: p. 72.” The name and authority are repeated in Forst. Prodr. n.920.* Itis not unlikely that a species from Oahu, alluded to by Chamisso (Linnæa, vol. vi. p. 556) as * Portulaca altera erecta, fruticosa, foliis euneato-obovatis subemarginatis planis pollicaribus, axillis nudis, floribus flavis," may prove identical with P. lutea.

Amongst the white settlers in Viti, P. oleracea is occasionally eaten as a potherb. I used it repeatedly during my stay at Somosomo.

2. P. quadrifida, Linn. Mant. 78; caule ramisque prostratis; axillis geniculisque pilosis, pilis longissimis crispis; foliis elliptico-oblongis carnosis planis; floribus (flavis) solitariis sessilibus, staminibus 8, rarissime pluris.—Jacq. Coll. vol. ii. p. 356. t. 17. fig. 2. P. linifolia, Forsk. Descrip. 92. lilecebrum verticillatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 66. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, **Taukuku ni vuaka."— Common on roadsides and waste places throughout the group (Seemann! n. 14; Storck! n. 868); also gathered in the Tongan (Barclay!) and Samoan islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Diffused over the East Indies, Java, Ceylon, Egypt, and Arabia.

II. Talinum, Adans. ex Juss. Gen. 312; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 157. Sepala 2, herbacea, ovata, decidua v. rarius subpersistentia. Petala 5, hypogyna. Stamina indefinite 5-oo, ima basi

*

* * PORTULACA LUTEA, Sol. Fl. Ins. Pacif. Ined. p. 261, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahitian Plants,

t. 52 (ined.); ‘Aturi’ incolarum. Hab. in littoribus marinis Tahiti, Huahine, Raiatea, et Tahaa. Caules herbacei, pedales et bipedales, succulenti ramosissimi, diffusi, inferne purpurei et sæpe toti rubicundi. Folia alterna, petiolata, oblongo-ovata, subcuneiformia, obtusissima, integerrima, carnosa, plana, marginibus ple- rumque purpurascentibus, vix unciam longa, terminalia quaterna [subtus subglauca]. Obs. Folia per paria sepe approximata, illa autem intervallis remota. Petioli breves, longitudine unius lines. Flores terminales in sinu foliorum quaternorum, sepius bini, interdum solitarii sessiles. Calyx ante explicationem anceps, diphyllus; foliola e lata basi ovata, acuta, carinata, margine membranacea. Petala 5, lutea, ovato- oblonga, basi attenuata, obtusa profunde emarginata, calyce plus duplo longiora, longitudine unguis digiti intermedii, expansa corollam campanulatam formantia. Filamenta co, capillaria, longitudine calycis. An- there subrotundæ, parvæ. Germen subglobosum. Stylus filiformis, erectus, staminibus longior. Stigmata 4, 5 vel 6, filiformia, villosa (sæpius 5). Capsula globosa, circumscissa, unilocularis, oo-sperma.—A ffinis P. oleracee, Linn. Spec. Pl. 638, 1, qua differt flore magno luteo. In multis etiam convenit P. quadrifida, Linn. Mant. p. 73, præcipue primo intuitu, manifeste autem differt geniculis nudis, flore absque ullis pilis subjectis sed eorum loco membranis tribus vel quatuor ovalibus, filamentis viginti pluribus. Capsula glo- bosa, ut petala 5 preter eam profunde emarginata. Oss. Calycis foliola pro basi agnoscunt Cyathum, qui persistens inferiorem partem capsule cingit ore integerrimo.” [^ Cocta ab incolis oleris loco comeditur, et apud Tahitenses nomine * Aturi’ distinguitur." — Forst. Plant. Escul. n. 43.] c

10 FLORA VITIENSIS.

petalis adhzrentia. Ovarium liberum, cc-ovulatum; stylus apice 3-fidus v. 3-suleus. Capsula glo- bosa v. ovoidea, chartacea, 3-valvis. Semina subglobosa v. a latere compressa, subreniformia, testa , nitida, funiculo in strophiolum expanso ; embryo periphericus.—Herbe interdum suffrutescentes, car- nose, glaberrimze; foliis alternis v. oppositis, planis, stipulis nullis; floribus in cymas racemos v. paniculas terminales dispositis, rarius solitariis, axillaribus v. lateralibus; petalis ephemeris.

l. T. patens, Willd. Spec. vol. ii. p. 863. excl. var.; DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 357 ; caule suffruti- coso erecto ; foliis planis ovalibus mucronatis, infimis obovatis ; panicula terminali, pedunculis alternis dichotomis ebracteatis.— Portulaca paniculata, Jacq. Amer. 148. P. patens, Jacq. Hort. Vindob. vol i.t. 151. Rulingia patens, Ehr. Beitr. vol. iii. p. 185. Talinum paniculatum, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 219. t. 128, non Moench.—Common on the seashore rocks of Levuka, Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 15). Also gathered in the Society Islands (Barclay! and other collectors). Diffused over the West Indies, Brazil, British Guiana, Central America, and Mexico. Not being found in the older collections, it is probably a recent introduction into the South Sea Islands.

Ordo X. ELATINEZE.

I. Elatine, Linn. Gen. n. 502; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 162. Flores 3—4-meri, rarius 2- meri, nec (unquam ?) 5-meri. Sepala membranacea, obtusa, ecostata. Ovarium globosum. Capsula membranacea, septis post dehiscentiam axi adnatis v. evanidis.— Herb:e parvi, aquaticze v. repentes, glaberrimz; foliis oppositis v. verticillatis ; floribus in axillis sæpe solitariis, minimis.

1, E. ambigua, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. vol. ii. p. 103. t. 5; foliis oppositis ovato-sub- spathulatis; floribus alternis oppositisque pedicellatis; sepalis petalis staminibusque 3.—In swamps, Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n, 188).

At once distinguished from E, Americana, Arn. (which has been found in New Zealand, and to which | I referred it in my preliminary list) by its long pedicellate flowers.

Orvo XI. GUTTIFERZE.

I. Garcinia, Linn. Gen. n. 594; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, p. 174. Flores polygami. Sepala 4, decussata. Petala 4, imbricata (v. rarius valvata?). Fl. 4: Stamina oo, libera v. in massam inte- gram v. 4-lobam coalita y. circa styli rudimentum 4-adelpha; antherz sessiles v. filamento fultz et erectz, 2-loculares, rimis porisve dehiscentes, rarius 4-loculares v. peltate et rima circulari dehis- centes. Fl. ĝ v. ?: Staminodia 8-co, libera v. varie coalita. Ovarium 2—-12-loculare; stigma late peltatum, integrum v. radiato-lobatum, Leve v. supra tuberculatum v. torulosum ; ovula in loculis solitaria, erecta v. lateraliter affixa. Bacca corticata. Semina pulpa arilliformi involuta.—A rbores, succo ssepius luteo; foliis coriaceis v. rarius submembranaceis ; floribus nunc terminalibus, solitariis 3-nis v. rarius paniculatis, nunc axillaribus, 3-nis v. fasciculatis.—Discostigma, Hassk. Cat. Hort. . Bog. 212.

1. G. Vitiensis, Seem.; foliis oblongis Y. oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis coriaceis subaveniis; floribus 9 in axillis solitariis geminisve; pedicellis 2-bracteolatis; ovario 2-loculari, stigmate discoideo coronato.— Discostigma Vitiense, A, Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 216. t. 16. fig. A.— Ovalau, about 1500 feet above the sea (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. G. sessilis, Seem. Miss. to Viti, App. p. 433; foliis petiolatis obovatis v. ellipticis acuminatis v. acutis integerrimis crebre venosis subse rica floribus axillaribus solitariis v. paniculatis ; sepalis petalisque 4 subrotundatis obtusissimis ibaa. staminibus oo 4-adelphis; ovario 5-locu-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 11

lari; stigmate 5-lobo; bacca abortu 2—3-loculari.— C/usia sessilis, Forst. Prodr. n. 391 (non Hook. et Arn.) ; Icon. Ined. t. 278.—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 51). Also gathered in the Tongan Islands Capt. Cook's Third Voyage!), Amsterdam Island (Forster !), and New Caledonia (W. Anderson !). A. middle-sized tree, with almost membranaceous leaves and small pale-pinkish flowers, of which, according to a label attached to a specimen of Cook's third voyage, the Tongan Islanders made necklaces.

There are from 28-35 veins on each side of the midrib of the larger leaves, fewer in the smaller. My spe- cimens agree in every respect with Forster's authentic ones preserved at the British Museum.

3. G. () pseudoguttifera, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arborea, glabra, succo luteo; foliis oppositis petiolatis obovatis obtusis v. acutis integerrimis coriaceis, utrinque densissime crebre et parallele venosis, venis (50) simplicibus v. rarius furcatis; floribus fructibusque ignotis.—Kadavu, in moun- tainous woods (Seemann! n. 50).

A tree about 30-40 feet high, from which issues a thick yellow sap when cut. Petioles nearly an inch long. Blade of leaf 3-33 inches long, 2-23 inches broad, dark-green above, paler below, with a thick, pro- minent midrib, and about 50 veins on each side. Flowers and fruit unknown. At first sight this is not unlike G. pedicellata, Seem. (Clusia pedicellata, Forst.),* but the veins of the leaves are fewer in that species, and not so close together. ;

II. Calophyllum, Linn. Gen. n. 658; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 175. Flores polygami. Sepala cum petalis 4-12, 2-3-seriatim imbricata. Stamina oo, libera v. vix basi connata; filamenta breviter filiformia; anthere erectz, ovate v. oblong, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ova- rium l-loculare; stylus longiusculus, stigmate peltato; ovulum 1, erectum. Drupa indehiscens, putamine crustaceo. Semen erectum, ovoideum v. globosum, testa nunc tenui nunc fungoso-incras- sata.—Arbores; foliis coriaceis nitidis creberrime striato-penninerviis; paniculis axillaribus v. ter- minalibus, cymoso-trichotomis v. racemiformibus et minus stricte centrifugis.

The generic Polynesian name for Calophyllum is Tamanu, the Vitian form of which is Damanu, applied to two species.

1. C. Burmanni, Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. vol. i. p. 129 (excl. var. y.); Planch. et Trian. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. IV. vol. xv. p. 261; ramulis junioribus tenuiter ferrugineo-tomentellis adultis glabratis; foliis late ellipticis v. obovato-ellipticis apice rotundatis v. obtuse acuminatis v. emargi- natis, racemis axillaribus 3—5-floris folio multo brevioribus; floribus pedicellatis; sepalis 4 orbiculato- v. oblongo-ovatis; petalis 0 (an semper?) ; fructu parvo globoso v. leviter ovoideo.

Var. parvifolium, Wight, Illustr. vol. i. p. 129; Icon. t. 107; omni parte minus; foliis sepius elliptico-obovatis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Damanu.”—Forests of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 49).

Though my specimens, being in fruit only, agree well, as far as they go, with the small-leaved variety of C. Burmanni, I have some hesitation about the identification, and I should have liked to compare them with those of the New Caledonian C. montanum. My Kadavu specimens have opposite leaves, which in size _

and shape closely resemble those of Wight’s figure quoted above, and the fruit, am kids on axillary pedun- cles, is nearly globose, and as large as a cherry. The tree yields a valuable, closely-grained timber.

2. C. spectabile, Willd. Mag. Berl. 1811, p. 80; Planch. et Trian. l.c. vol. xv. p. 266; Chois. in DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 562, non Wight; gemmis pube ferruginea tomentoso-hirtellis ; foliis amplis anguste v. late oblongis basi acutiusculis v. obtusis apice rotundatis v. breviter et obtuse acu- minatis margine integro subrotundatis v. planis, adultis glaberrimis (raro subtus hirtellis), rigide membranaceis subtiliter parallele nervosis; pedunculis axillaribus brevibus mox 3-fidis v. 5-fidis ;

* From the materials existing at the British Museum, I am able to determine this species to be a genuine Garcinia, viz. G. pedicellata, Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 433 (Clusia pedicellata, Forst. Prodr. n. 390; Icon. Ined. t. 277). Glabra; foliis oppositis obovatis obtusis v. acutis in petiolum attenuatis inte- gerrimis coriaceis venosis; floribus axillaribus 3-nis ; is ue 4 subrotundatis obtusissimis imbricatis; staminibus flor. d? oo liberis; antheris 2-locularibus; fl. $ ?.—New Caledonia a D.

. c

12 FLORA VITIENSIS.

pedicellis 3-5 umbellato-congestis gracilibus (rarius solitariis), alabastro obovoideo-globosis glabris ; sepalis 4 obovato-orbiculatis concavis; petalis 0.—Apoterium Soulatri, Blum. Bijdr. vol. i. p. 218. C. hirtellum, Miq. Plant. Jungh. p. 291. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Damanu dilodilo."— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 47; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Tahiti by Abbadie (n. 29), according to

Planchon and Triana; Samoan and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and Mauritius, Bourbon, Java, and Penang.

I did not find this species in flower, but the United States Exploring Expedition did, and Professor Asa Gray has identified my specimens with those collected by the latter. The young leaves, when first unfolding, have a deep red tinge. The wood is highly esteemed by the natives for building purposes.

3. C. Inophyllum, Linn. Spec. 732; Planch. et Trian. l.c.; arboreum, glaberrimum ; foliis petiolatis late oblongo-obovatis v. oblongis basi sepius acutis apice rotundatis v. retusis; racemis axillaribus foliis brevioribus laxifloris; floribus pro genere amplis longe pedicellatis, alabastris sub- globosis; sepalis 4 internis petaloideis; petalis 4 (v. rarius 6-8? fide Rumph. et Blum.) calyce longioribus; fructu globoso Pruni minoris mole, Rumph.—Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 55; Wight, Illustr. vol. i. t. 128; ibid. Icon. t. 77. Bingator maritima, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. p. 211. t. 71 ;. Ponna v. Ponna Maram, Rheed. Mal. vol. iv. p. 76. t. 38. Balsamaria Inophyllum, Lour. Cochin. 470. Calophyllum Bingator, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 607. C. Blumei, Wight, Illustr. p.128. C. ovalifolium, Nor. Verh. Batav. Gen. vol. v. p. 74. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Dilo ;" Tahiteense, “'Tamanu.”—-A common seaside tree in Viti (Seemann! n. 48; Storck! n. 873). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander ! Forster !), and Hawaiian Islands (Macrae!). Diffused over the East Indies, Ceylon, Cochin China, Philippine Islands, etc.

The most valuable oil produced in Fiji is that extracted from the seeds of this tree, the Dilo of the natives, the Tamanu of Eastern Polynesia, and the Cashumpa of India. It is the bitter oil, or woondel, of Indian commerce. The natives use it for polishing arms and greasing their bodies, when cocoa-nut oil is not at hand. But the great reputation this oil enjoys throughout Polynesia and the East Indies rests upon its medicinal properties, as a liniment in rheumatism, pains in the joints, and bruises. Its efficacy in this respect can hardly be exaggerated, and recommends it to the attention of European practi- tioners. The oil is kept by the Fijians in gourd flasks, and, there being only a limited quantity made, I was charged about sixpence per pint for it, paid in calico and cutlery. The tree is one of the most common littoral plants in the group; its round fruits, mixed with the square-shaped ones of Barring- tonia speciosa, khe pine-cone-like ones of the Sago-palm (Sagus Vitiensis, Wendl.), and the flat seeds of the Walai (Entada scandens, Benth.), densely cover the sandy beaches. ` Dilo oil never congeals in the lowest temperature of the Fijis, as cocoa-nut oil often does during the cool season. It is of a greenish tinge, and a very little of it will impart its hue to a whole cask of cocoa-nut oil. Its commercial value is only partially known in'the Fijis, and was found out accidentally. Amongst the contributions in cocoa- nut oil which the natives furnish towards the support of the Wesleyan missions, some Dilo oil had been poured, which, on arriving at Sydney, was rejected by the broker who purchased the other oil, on aecount of its greenish tinge and strange appearance. On being shown to others, a chemist, recognizing it as the bitter oil of India, purchased it at the rate of £60 per tun; and he must have made a good profit on it, as the article fetches as much as £90 per tun. The Dilo grows to the height of sixty feet, and the stem is from three to four feet in diameter, generally thickly crowded with epiphytal Orchids and Ferns. The dark foliage forms a magnificent crown, producing a dense shade; and when, during the flowering season, it is interspersed with numerous white flowers, the aspect of the whole tree is truly noble. “ The leaves are torn in small pieces, soaked in water for a night, and then used for washing inflamed eyes.” (Storck.) The exudation from the stem is, according to G. Bennett, the Tacamahaca resin of commerce, used by Tahi- tians as a scent. Carpenters and cabinet-makers value the wood on account of its beautiful grain, hardness, and red tinge. Boats and canoes are built of it, and it is named with the Vesi (Afzelia bijuga, A. Gray) as the best timber produced in Fiji. In order to extract the oil, the round fruit is allowed to drop in its outer fleshy covering and rot on the ground. The remaining portion, consisting of a shell (putamen) some- what of the consistency of that of a hen’s egg, and enclosing ‘he kernel, is baked on hot stones, in the same way that Prenian vegetables and meat are. The shell is then broken, and the kernel pounded between stones. Ifthe quantity be small, the macerated mass is placed in the fibres of the Vau (Hibiscus tiliaceus and ¢ricuspis), and forced by the hand to yield up its oily contents; if large, a rude level press is constructed " placing a boom horizontally between two cocoa-nut trees, and appending to this perpendicularly the fibres of the Vau. After the macerated kernels have been placed in the midst, a pole is made fast to the lower

FLORA VITIENSIS. ` 13

end of the fibres, and two men taking hold of its end, twist the contrivance round and round till the oil, collecting into a wooden bowl ern underneath, has been extracted. Of course, the pressure thus brought to bear upon the pounded kernels is not sufficiently great to express the whole of the oil, and there is still much waste. -

III. Calysaccion, Wight, Illustr. vol. i. p. 130; Ibid. Icon. t. 1999; Walp. Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 368. Flores polygami v. calyx ante anthesin clausus, in sepala 2 valvatim fissus. Petala 4—6. Stamina co, libera, filamenta filiformia; anther erectz, oblonge, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehis- centes. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis; stylus brevis, stigmate peltato margine crenulato. Drupa...—Arbores; foliis rigide coriaceis, crebre tenuiterque reticulato-penninervia; pedunculis axillaribus 1-floris fasciculatis; floribus albidis v. rubellis.

I agree with Mr. Miers in regarding the Eastern genus Calysaccion as distinct from the Western Mam- mea, the former having a 2-celled ovary with 2 ovules, the latter a 4-celled ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. I showed some years ago (Bonplandia, 1856, p. 298) that C. Chinense, Walp. Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 368, is identical with C. longifolium, Wight.

1. C. tinctorium, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. IX.); arborea, glabra, succo sanguineo ; foliis obovatis v. ovatis obtusis v. acutis in petiolum attenuatis coriaceis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus; flori- bus pedunculatis axillaribus aggregatis, basi bracteis minutis, polygamis (v. dioicis?) ; fl. 4 alabastro globoso apiculato; calyce irregulariter rumpente; petalis (albidis) obovatis obtusis v. acutis con- cavis 6 ; antheris oblongis truncatis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, rudimento ovarii nullo; fl. 9 ign. —Garcinia Mangostana, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 217 non alior. Nomina vernac. Vitiens. “Vetao” v. “Uvitao.”—Islands of Taviuni and Bau (Seemann! n. 46). Also found in the Magsi Islands - (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and (according to Mr. W. T. Pritchard) in Samoa, where it is called ** Fetao ” by the natives.

A tall tree. Leaves in young plants (of which one is shown in the background of our Plate) 9-12 inches long and 5-6 inches broad; in the old plants generally from 4-5 inches long and 23-3 inches broad, thick, coriaceous, pinnately veined, smooth, shining. Peduncles often $ of an inch long. Flowers minute, their buds before opening not much larger than good-sized Peas. There are only male flowers on my specimens, and it is probable that, as in C. longifolium, the plant is polygamo-dioicious, the male flowers being on one tree and the hermaphrodite on the other. In the East Indies the male tree of C. longifolium is termed * Woondy;" the female (or rather hermaphrodite) “ Poonag,” whilst both go under the names of * Suringu”’ and “ Gordeoody." "The buds of this species yield a dye, probably yellow or orange, ind are known under the name of Nag-kassar, or rather Nagesar; on account of their sweet scent, which resembles that of tea or violets, they might perhaps prove useful in perfumery. I did not observe any scent in collecting the Vitian species. The natives use the sap for dyeing their black hair red, or rather orange. Perhaps this property of the C. tinctorium may be turned to better use. The wood of the tree is close-grained and

useful. ; EXPLANATION OF Prats IX.—Fig. 1, a bud of male flower; 2, the same, opening; 3, the same, quite

open; 4, the same, cut vertically ; 5, one of the stamens :—all magnified.

Orvo XII. TERNSTRGEMIACEZ.

I. Ternstreemia, Linn. f. Suppl. 39; Benth. et Hook f. Gen. p. 182. Sepala 5, valde im- bricata. Petala 5, imbricata, basi connata. Stamina co, corollze basi adnata; anthers glabrz, basi- fixe, loculis adnatis. Ovarium (nunc imperfecte?) 2-3-loculare; stylus simplex, nunc fere nullus, stigmate late 2-3-lobo v. subintegro; ovula in loculis 2, rarius 3—6, ab apice loculi pendula. Fruc- tus indehiscens. Semina majuscula, hippocrepice complicata; albumen carnosum, nunc parcum v, subnullum; embryo inflexus, cotyledonibus semiteretibus radicula brevioribus.—Arbores fruticesve sempervirentes; foliis coriaceis, integerrimis v. serrato-crenatis; pedunculis 1-floris recurvis, axilla- ribus v. lateralibus, solitariis v. subfasciculatis, sub flore 2-bracteolatis.

14 FLORA VITIENSIS.

l. T. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa, ramulis angulatis puberulis demum giabris; foliis petiolatis obovatis v. ellipticis obtusis v. retusis, in petiolum attenuatis serrato-crenatis, supra viridibus lucidis, subtus pallidioribus opacis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis petiolo longioribus; sepalis interioribus majoribus subrotundatis mucronatis ciliatis; petalis. .., fructu ovato glabro coriaceo stylo 3-fido coronato 3-loculari, loculis 2-spermis.— On the top of the mountains of Taviuni, near the lake (Seemann! n. 45).

Has somewhat the habit of some species of Ile, and attains about 10-14 feet in height. Branches straight, rigid. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, feather-veined, 21-8 inches long, and about one inch broad. Flowers pedicellate, with two minute bracts at the base. Corolla, stamens, and ovary unknown. Fruit (not quite ripe) about 4 of an inch long, surrounded by five persistent sepals.

II. Eurya, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 11. t. 25; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 183. Flores dioici. Sepala 5, valde imbricata. Petala 5, imbricata, basi coalita. Stamina oo (15 v. infra), rarius 5, corollæ basi adnata; antherz glabræ, basifixee, loculis adnatis. Ovarium 3-(rarius 2-5-)loculare; styli 3 (rarius 2-5), fere a basi liberi v. fere ad apicem connati; ovula in medio loculo co. Fructus bacca- tus. Seminum albumen carnosum; embryo curvatus, cotyledonibus semiteretibus radicula brevio- ribus.—Frutices v. arbores; foliis seepius serrato-crenatis et glabris; floribus parvis, sessilibus v. breviter pedunculatis, ad axillas fasciculatis v. rarius solitariis; bracteolis persistentibus.— Geeria, Blum. Bijdr. 124. j

l. E. angustifolia, Blum. Bijdr. vol. ii. p. 119; ramulis teretibus apice sericeo-snbvelutinis ; folis brevipetiolatis e basi angusta lanceolatis longe obtuse acuminatis serrulatis, supra glabris, subtus obsolete reticulatis et prwsertim ad costam sericeo-puberulis (14-31 poll. longis) ; floribus - solitariis geminis v. confertis brevibus; sepalis subrotundis, exterioribus minoribus; stylis 8 v. 4, raro 5, ad medium connatis; bacca ovoideo-globosa glabra.— Geeria angustifolia, Blum. Bijdr. 126. E. acuminata, DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 525? Ovalau (Seemann! n. 44). Also collected in East Java (Horsfield !). : à

2. E. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 210; glaberrima; foliis lanceolato-ellipticis oblon- gisve utrinque acuminatis serrulatis, supra nitidis; floribus plerisque geminis, masculis (v. 10-andris) fasciculatis; sepalis orbiculatis; stylis 3 v. 4 brevissimis fere discretis; bacca globosa.—On the mountains of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Kadavu (Seemann! n. 43). A tree 25-30 feet high.

II. Saurauja, Willd. in N. Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vol. iii. p. 406. t. 4; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 184. Flores vulgo hermaphroditi. Sepala 5, valde imbricata. Petala 5, imbri- cata, basi connata v. rarius fere libera. Stamina co, corolle basi adhzrentia ; antherz versatiles, loculis apice poro v. rima brevi dehiscentibus. Ovarium 3-5-loculare; styli 3-5, apice stigmatosi, a basi distincti v. plus minus coaliti; ovula in loculis cc, anatropa. Bacca 3-5-locularis, rarius siccior et subdehiscens. Semina pulpa immersa, parva; albumen sat copiosum ; embryo axilis, rectus v. leviter incurvus, cotyledonibus brevibus.— Arbores fruticesve sepissime strigoso-pilosz v. squamatze ; foliis vulgo serratis, venis parallelis a costa divergentibus more Dilleniacearum ; pedunculis axilla- ribus v. lateralibus, co-floris, subpaniculatis v. rarius abbreviatis paucifloris ; bracteolis vulgo parvis a calyce remotis.— Draytonia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 206. t. 15.

l. S. rubicunda, Seem. ; arbuscula; foliis oblongis utrinque acutis serratis ; pedunculis axilla- ribus subpaniculatis; pedicellis 2-bracteolatis; sepalis rotundato-ovatis concavis ; petalis obovatis (pulehre roseis); antheris apice rima introrsa hiantibus; stylis (3—5) connatis, fructu baccato.— Draytonia rubicunda, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 207. t. 15. Nomen vernac. “Kau alewa."—Viti Levu, about Navua (Seemann! n. 42), Ovalau (Storck! n. 872; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected ‘in Viti by Sir E. Home.

FLORA VITIENSIS, 15

Orvo XIII. MALVACEZE.

I. Sida, Linn. Gen. n. 837; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. 203. Bractcole 0 v. a calyce distantes, Calyx 5-dentatus v. 5-fidus. Columna staminea, apice in filamenta co divisa. Ovaria 5—oo, 1-ovulata ; styli rami totidem, filiformes v. subclavati, apice capitato- v. truncato-stigmatosi. Carpella matura ab axi secedentia, erostria v. apice in rostra v. aristas erecto-conniventes producta, indehiscentia v. apice 2-valvia, intus nuda. Semen pendulum v. horizontaliter affixum.—Herbe fruticesve indu- mento sepius nullo v. tomentoso; floribus sessilibus v. pedunculatis, solitariis v. glomeratis, axilla- ribus v. in racemos spicas v. capitula terminalia dispositis, versicoloribus et interdum speciosis, sepius tamen minoribus, flavis v. albidis.

; * Pedunculi inarticulati. l. S. linifolia, Cav. Diss. vol. i. p. 14. t. 2. fig. 1; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 459; erecta; foliis linearibus integerrimis, floris diametro multo longioribus; racemis terminalibus; pedunculis inarti- culatis; floribus parvis, carpellis 5-8 submuticis.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

. 9. S. microphylla, Cav. Diss. vol. i. p. 22. t. 12. fig. 2; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 461; erecta v. prostrata; ramis stellato-pubescentibus demum glabris; foliis ellipticis v. subrotundatis dentatis, supra pubescentibus, subtus albido-tomentosis ; pedunculis axillaribus v. solitariis inarticulatis, folio brevioribus v. multo longioribus; carpellis 7 biaristatis.—Sida rhombifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 256, non Linn. S. salicifolia, Forst. Herb.—Nukulau (Barclay !), and other parts of the group, in waste places (U. S. Expl. Exped.); also collected in Tongan Islands (Forster! Sir E. Home !), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !), Tana (Forster !), Amsterdam Island (Forster !).

Bentham referred Barclay’s specimen to S. microphylla, Cav., and, I think, with justice. To this A. Gray objected, on account of the length of the peduncles. But the peduncles are sometimes shorter (as in Cavanilles' figure), and sometimes, or rather generally, longer than the leaf. I now speak of specimens gathered in the same spot. The typical S. retusa, to which A. Gray wished to refer his pe is a very distinct plant. The extreme forms of S. micr hylla are extremely unlike each other. In unfavourable localities the plant is prostrate, and has minute, generally orbieular leaves; in more congenial situations it assumes an erect habit, and more elliptical end larger leaves, and then looks like some weak state of S. rhombifolia. Forster, when he first collected it, named it Sida salicifolia, remarking in his schedules that there were several varieties; but he ultimately referred it, in his ‘ Prodromus,’ to S. rhombifolia. From the latter it is distinguished by its inarticulate peduncles. Guillemin (Zeph. Tait. p. 73) remarked that Forster’s specimens had, at first sight, a look different from those of S. rhombifolia, in which he was correct, but after all he referred them to S. rhombifolia, in which he was wrong.t

** Pedunculi distincte articulati.

3. S. rhombifolia, Linn. Spec. 961; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 462; erecta; foliis oblongo-lanceo-

La

t The following is another Polynesian species :—Sida biloba, (sp. nov.) Herb. Hook. ; foliis ovato- v. cordato-bilobis, lobis obtusis serratis, supra glabris, subtus cano-tomentosis, ramulis petiolis pedunculis calycibusque fulvido-tomentosis; stipulis subulatis persistentibus ; pedunculis axillaribus inarticulatis 1-floris petiolo multo longioribus; calycis lobis acutis v. acuminatis; carpellis submutieis.—Isle of Pines (M'Gillvray!). A very distinct species. Leaves scarcely half an inch long, somewhat resembling those of S. retusa. .

Sida periplocifolia, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 60 = Abutilon periplocifolium, Endl. Ann. Wien. Mus. 1836, p. 182, is a species of Wissadula, near rostrata, Hook. f. "e

Sida Indica, Forst. Prodr. n. 257, non alior., is Abutilon auritum, G. Don. I find at the British Museum another new Polynesian Abutilon, which I have named after its discoverer :— ; T

Abutilon Menziesii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosum; caule ramis petiolis pedunculis calycibusque cano- tomentosis ; foliis cordatis acuminatis grosse crenatis, supra viridibus pube ste lato, subtus cano-tomentosis ; peduneulis axillaribus solitariis petiolo brevioribus; calycis laciniis late ovatis aeutis; carpellis 5 ovato- oblongis acuminatis hirsutis 3-spermis, seminibus hirsutis, placentis persistentibus.—Sandwich Islands (Menzies! in Herb. Mus. Brit.). There are two small specimens of this plant, which I do not find any- where described : leaves 2-3 inches long, on petioles longer than the blade; stipules minute; flowers about

1 inch long, apparently purplish.

16 FLORA VITIENSIS.

latis dentatis basi cuneatis, subtus candicantibus; pedunculis axillaribus distincte articulatis 1-floris

folio brevioribus ; carpellis 8-10 birostratis.—Cav. Diss. vol. i. t. 3. fig. 12.—Common on roadsides: ` and in waste places all over the group (Seemann! n. 16; Milne! U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also col- lected in the Sandwich Islands (Barclay !), New Caledonia (Herb. Webb.), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Salomon group (Milne!), Tana (Capt. Cook !), and Samoan Islands (Sir E. Home !).

All the above-quoted specimens have carpels with two long awns, and have the true look of S. rhom- bifolia, as I have seen it in many parts of tropical America; and I am inclined to attach a greater value to the presence or absence of the awns than several other writers are prepared to do. An awnless species from Tahiti, gathered by Barclay, I am not able to refer to any of the forms of S. rhombifolia, though it is

closely allied to this species, and I find it identical with a plant alluded to but left undetermined by Ben- tham (Hook. Journ. of Botany, vol. iv. (1842) p. 122).

II. Urena, Linn. Gen. n. 844; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 205. Bracteole in involucellum 5- fidum calycis tubo adnatum coalitze. Calyx 5-fidus v. 5-dentatus. Columna staminea infra apicem truncatum v. 5-dentatum, filamenta brevia v. antheras subsessiles exserens. Ovarii loculi 5, 1-ovulati ; styli rami 10, apice capitellato-stigmatosi. Carpella matura ab axi brevi secedentia, indehiscentia, undique glochidiata nec aristata. Semina adscendentia.—Herb:e fruticesve rigidule ; foliis sepius an- gulatis v. lobatis ; floribus parvis, sessilibus v. breviter pedunculatis, sepius glomeratis, lutescentibus.

]. U. lobata, Linn. Spec. 974; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 441; foliis subrotundatis obtusissime v. acutiuscule 3—5-lobis v. ovato-rhombeis, subtus cano-tomentosis 9-9-nerviis 1—8-glandulosis; caly- cis lobis oblongo-lanceolatis v. linearibus ; fructu longiuscule echinato.—Parkins. Drawings Tahit. Pl. Ined. t. 62. U. monopetala, Lour. Fl. Cochin. vol. ii. (ed. Willd.!) p. 508? U. scabriuscula, DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 441; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 169.—Common throughout the Viti group (Seemann! n. 17; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay !), Marquesas (Barclay !), Samoan, and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and Eromanga (M‘Gilli- vray!); also in many parts of tropical Asia.

2. U. morifolia, DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 442; foliis 5-lobis subtus pallide velutinis 1-glandulosis, superne subpuberulis, sinubus serratis valde dilatatis v. superioribus sepe indivisis lineari-elongatis ; - fructu dense tomentoso setisque echinato.—Cultivated ground about Rewa, Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also found in the Tongan Islands. (Fide De Candolle.)

III. Hibiscus, Linn. Gen. n. 864; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 207. Bracteolz co, rarius 3-5, sepius anguste, liberz v. coalitze. Calyx 5-fidus v. 5-dentatus. Columna staminea infra apicem truncatum v. 5-dentatum (rarius antheriferum) filamenta co exserens. Ovarium 5-loculare, loculis S—oc-ovulatis; styli rami 5, patentes v. rarius erecto-subconnati, superne sspe incrassati, nunc bre- vissimi, apice in stigmata capitata v. spathulata dilatati. Capsula loculicide 5-valvis, endocarpio rarius membranaceo-solubili v. in dissepimenta spuria per dehiscentiam fissa producto. Semina réni- formia, subglobosa (v. rarius obovoidea?), glabra tomentosa v. lanata.— Herb: frutices v. arbores, nune elatz hispidz v. tomentose, nunc humiliores v. glabre; foliis variis sepe partitis; floribus

coloribus variis, plerumque speciosis, petalis seepe macula discolori notatis ; bracteolis persistentibus v. caducis.

l. H. (Ketmia) Rosa-sinensis, Linn. Spec. 977 ; fruticosus, inermis; foliis ovatis longe acu- minatis grosse crenatis 3-5-nerviis utrinque glabris; petiolis pedunculis bracteolis calycibusque puberulis; bracteolis 10 linearibus acutis, laciniis calycinis late ovatis acuminatis; petalis (purpureis) obovatis obtusis, extus puberulis.—Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 69. fig. 2; Rheed. Mal. vol. ii. t. 16; Parkins. Drawings Tahit. Plant. (ined.) t. 66. Nomina vernac. Vitien. * Senitoa" v. “ Seniciobia."—Com- mon all over the Viti group (Seemann! n. 22; M‘Gillivray! U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also gathered in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander !), and Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 17

Var. flore pleno.—Common in all the islands just recorded.

The natives are very fond of this plant; they have it frequently in their gardens, and often decorate their persons with its flowers. In some parts of the tropics it is called “the Shoe-black plant,” because its astringent petals are used for blacking shoes; the Chinese, it is well known, dye their eyebrows with them. If truly indigenous to the South Sea,H. Rosa-sinensis forms one of the few exceptions of double-flower-producing plants belonging to the Southern hemisphere, about which see the ‘Journal of Botany’ (1864), vol. ii. pp. 176, 318.

2. H. (Ketmia) Storckii, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 254. sp. nov. (Tab. IV.) ; fruti- cosus, inermis; foliis ellipticis v. ovato-ellipticis acuminatis integerrimis v. versus apicem serratis 3-nerviis utrinque glabris; petiolis pedunculis bracteolis calycibusque puberulis; bracteolis 10 line- aribus acutis, laciniis calycis ovato-triangularibus acutis; petalis obovatis (roseis) extus puberulis, ovario apice glanduloso-puberulo.—Nomen vernac. * Sequelu."— Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (See- mann! n. 23), growing as underwood like the allied H. Genevii, Bojer; rare.

This is closely allied to H. Rosa-sinensis, but I think sufficiently distinct to entitle it to the rank of Species. Unfortunately my specimens are not so complete as could be wished, and so prevent a thorough comparison with its nearest all. I have never seen it cultivated; it is a more straggling shrub than H. Rosa-sinensis. The leaves are always more elliptical and less dee ly cut on the margin, the segments of the calyx are also somewhat differently shaped, and I have never observed a variety of H. Rosa-sinensis with such fine pink-coloured petals. I have named it in honour of my able assistant, Mr. J. Storck, who was with me when we first found it.

Prare IV., Fig. 1, bracts and calyx; 2, ovary, with style cut off; 3 and 4, sections of ovary,—all slightly magnified.

3. H. (Abelmoschus) diversifolius, Jacq. Icon. var. vol. iii. t.551; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 449; caule fruticoso petiolisque aculeatis; foliis 3—5-lobis obtusis dentatis, superioribus oblongo-lan- ceolatis indivisis; pedicellis brevibus inermibus pilosissimis; bracteolis 9, petalis flavis fundo atro- violaceo.—H. ficulneus, Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 51. fig. 2. Nomen vernac. “ Kalauaisoni” v. “ Kalaka- lauaisoni."—Very generally on the coast and in marshes (Seemann! n. 21; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also found in Norfolk Island (Backhouse!), Isle of Pines (Milne!), Congo (Chr. Smith !), Mada- gascar (Thompson !), and the East Indies.

The native physicians use the juice of the leaves to procure abortion. The fibre of stem and branches is used to a limited extent for cordage.

4. H. (Abelmoschus) esculentus, Linn. Spec. 980; Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 61. fig. 2; fruti- cosus, inermis; foliis cordatis 5-lobis obtusiusculis dentatis; petiolis flore longioribus ; bracteolis 10 deciduis; calycibus longitudinaliter rumpentibus; fructu pyramidato sulcato.—D (C. Prodr. vol. i. p. 450. Abelmoschus esculentus, Wight et Arn. Fl. Ind. Or. p. 53. Nomina vernac. “ Bele” v. * Vauvau ni Viti."— Cultivated throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 18).

The fruit of this plant is known in the tropies under the names of Ochro, Gombo, Gobbo, Bandikai, Naju, etc.; it is a favourite ingredient in soup, which it thickens by its mucilaginous quality. But the Vitians plant it solely for its leaves, which are used as a potherb. Plots of more or less extent are seen about every village. The plants, from being always deprived of their leaves, become 4-6 feet high.

5. H. (Abelmoschus) Abelmoschus, Linn. Spec. 980; fruticosus, inermis; caule hispido ; folis subpeltato-cordatis 7-angularibus acuminatis serratis; pedicellis petiolo longioribus; brac- teis 8-9; capsula setosa; seminibus moschatis.—DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 452; Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 62. fig. 2; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. t. 64 (ined.). H. pseudo-Abelmoschus, Bl. Bijdr. p.70. Abelmoschus moschatus, Mench. Meth. p. 616; Wight et Arn. Fl. Pen. Or. vol. i. p. 53. Nomina vernac. * Wakiwaki v. (teste Storck) Vakeke."—Grows on dry ground; rather common throughout the group (Seemann ! n. 19; Storck! n. 869). Also collected in Aneitum (Milne !), in the Society (Banks and Solander!) and Tongan (Barclay !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Philip. pine Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Common in the East Indies and tropical America,

The juice of the leaves is used by the native physicians to procure abortion.

18 FLORA VITIENSIS.

6. H. (Paritium) tricuspis, Cav. Diss. vol. iii. p. 152. t. 55. fig. 2; fruticosus, inermis; foliis incanis trilobis, lobis lanceolatis subdentatis; pedunculis axillaribus subbifloris, terminalibus subra- cemosis, bracteolis 9 basi coalitis; capsulz loculis co-spermis; seminibus glabris.—DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 453; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. Ined. t. 63.—H. hastatus, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 310; Forst. Prodr. n. 265; Icon. (ined.) t. 194. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vau dra ;" Tahitense, test. Pritchard, ** Purau-teruere."— Very generally in the group, growing along with H. tiliaceus (Seemann! n. 26). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster !). 5

7. H. (Paritium) tiliaceus, Linn. Spec. 976; Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 55. fig. 1; fruticosus v. arborescens, inermis; folis subrotundo-cordatis, acuminatis, crenatis subtus cano-pubescentibus in nervis 1-5 poris linearibus instructis ; bracteolis 10 basi coalitis ; capsule loculis co-spermis, seminibus glabris.—DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 454; Pariti, Rheed. Mal. vol. i. t. 30. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vau dina;” Tahitiense, teste Solander, * Purau."—Very common in the group, especially near the sea (Seemann! n. 24). Also collected in the Sandwich (Seemann ! n. 1724; Nuttall! Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander! Forster!), Tongan (Sir E. Home! Harvey !), and Samoan Islands (U.S. Expl. Exped.), and in the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray! Milne!).

Var. purpurascens, Seem. ; Paritium purpurascens, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 254; arborescens ; ramulis foliisque purpurascentibus.— Nomen vernac. “ Vau damadamu " (i.e. the red Hibiscus).—In company with the true H. tiliaceus, but generally growing more inland; it may possibly be a distinct species (Seemann! n. 24).

In most countries the fibre of this species is extensively used for cordage, but in Fiji the chief use made of it and that of the foregoing species (Z7. tricuspis) is for women's “ liku,” a dress consisting of a number of fringes attached to a waistband. The bark of these trees is stripped off, steeped in water, to render it soft and pliable, and to allow the fibres to separate. The fibres are either permitted to retain their original whiteness, or they are dyed yellow, red, or black. The yellow colour is imparted with turmeric, the black with mud and the leaves of the Tavola (Terminalia Catappa, Linn.), and the red with the bark of the Kura (Morinda citrifolia, Linn.) and that of the Tiri. The liku worn by the common women con- sists always of one row of fibres, all of the same colour; whilst those worn by ladies of rank are often com- posed of two or three rows or layers (flounces), every one of which exhibits a different colour. In Captain Cook’s time, the Tahitians used to suck the bark of this plant when the breadfruit season was unpro- ductive, and the New Caledonians ate it, as they probably still do. Conf. Forst. Plant. Escul. n. 45.

IV. Thespesia, Corr. in Ann. Mus. Par. vol. ix. p. 290. t.8. fig. 2; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.208. Bracteole 3-5, parve v. decidus. Calyx truncatus, minute v. setaceo-dentatus, rarius 5-fidus. Columna staminea infra apicem dentatum (nunc antheriferum) filamenta oo exserens. Ovarium 5- loculare, loculis pauciovulatis ; stylus apice clavatus, 5-sulcus v. in ramos breves stigmatiferos erectos clavatos subdivisus. Capsula lignoso-coriacea, loculicide 5-valvis v. fere indehiscens. Semina obo- voidea, glabra v. tomentosa; cotyledones quam maxime complicate, radiculam brevem subrectam fere includentes, ssepius nigro-punctats.—Arbores v. herbe erectz ; foliis integerrimis v. angulato-lobatis ; floribus ssepius flavis, speciosis ; calycibus non conspicue punctatis, sed cotyledonibus insigniter nigro- punctatis in T. populnea et T. Lampade.

1. T. populnea, Corr. in Ann. Mus. Par. vol. ix. p. 290. t. 8. fig. 2; arborea; foliis subrotun- dato-cordatis acuminatis; capsula subglobosa, indehiscenti, v. in valvas tardius solubili; seminibus crassis lanatis.— DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 457; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 67. Hibiscus populneus, Linn, Spec. 976; Cav. Diss. vol. iii. t. 56. fig. 1. H. bacciferus, Forst. Prodr. n. 260. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ^Mulomulo;" Samoense et Tonguense, teste Pritchard, * Milo;" Tahit., teste Pritchard, * Miro" v. “ Amae.” —Common on the seashore all over the group (Seemann! n. 27; U. S. Expl Exped.). Also collected in Sandwich (Seemann! Macrae! Diell!), Marquesas (Bar- clay !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander!), and Easter Island (Forster!). Common on the coasts of tropical Australia and Asia. :

FLORA VITIENSIS. 19

The natives do not seem to make any use of the fibre of the Mulomulo, so frequently used in. other countries for cordage, but béstow great praise on the tree on account of the almost indestructible nature of the wood whilst under water. When full grown, the Mulomulo is about fifty feet high, and the stem from one to two feet in diameter, bearing heart-shaped leaves and flowers somewhat resembling those of the Hollyhock (4//Àea rosea), but changing their colour as the day advances, like some other Malvacex. Its thick foliage renders it suitable for avenues, and I have seen it planted for the sake of its shade both in Ceylon and the Hawaiian Islands. The centre of the old stems generally decays in the way our European Elms do, and the wood towards that part presents a deep claret colour. “In Tahiti the tree was formerly regarded as sacred, and planted on the “ Maraé;" the leaves were used in certain religious ceremonies. i

V. Gossypium, Linn. Gen. n. 845; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 209. Bracteolæ 3, amplæ, cor- date. Calyx truncatus v. breviter 5-fidus. Columna staminea infra apicem nudum v. rarius anthe- riferum filamenta oo exserens. Ovarium 5-loculare, loculis oo-óvulatis; stylus apice clavatus, 5-sul- catus et 5-stigmatosus. Capsula loculicide dehiscens. Semina subglobosa v. angulata, dense lanata v. rarius fere glabra; albumen tenue, membraniforme v. O; cotyledones valde plicatæ, auriculis baseos radiculam rectam involventibus.—Herbe elatæ v. frutices subarborei; foliis 3—9-lobis; flori- bus majusculis, albis flavis v. purpureis; bracteolis seepius nigro-punctatis, incisis dentatis v. integer- rimis; cotyledonibus szpius nigro-punctatis.

Cotton was one of the subjects to which attention was principally directed by my instructions from the Colonial Office; and I have endeavoured to collect every information which might prove useful in forming a correct estimate of the Fijis as a cotton-growing country. IfI understand the nature and requirements of cotton aright, the Fijis seem as if made for it. In the whole group there is scarcely a rod of ground that might not be cultivated, or has not at one time or other produced a crop of some kind, the soil being of an average amount of fertility, and in some parts rich in the extreme. Cotton requires a gently undu- lated surface, slopes of hills rather than flat land. The whole country, the deltas of the great rivers excepted, is a succession of hills and dales, covered on the weather-side with a luxuriant herbage or dense forest; on the lee-side with grass and isolated screw-pines, more immediately available for planting. Cotton wants sea-air. What country would answer this requirement better than a group of more than two hun- dred islands surrounded by the ocean as a convenient highway to even small boats and canoes, since the unchecked force of the winds and waves is broken by the naturai breakwater presented by the coral-reefs which nearly encircle the whole? Cotton requires, (thar to be fanned by gentle breezes when growing, and a comparatively low temperature; there is scarcely ever a calm—either the north-east or the south-east trade-wind blowing over the islands keeps up a constant current, and the thermometer for months vacillates between 62° and 80° Fahrenheit, and never rises to the height attained in some parts of tropical Asia, Africa, or America. In fine, every condition required to favour the growth of this important product seems to be provided, and it is hardly possible to add anything more in order to impress those best qualified to judge, with a better idea of Fiji as a first-rate cotton-growing country.

Cotton is not indigenous in any part of the group. Independent of its introduction being alluded to in various works as having taken place in the early part of this century, there is no proper vernacular name for it. In all such cases, the Fijian language borrows that of some indigenous plant which resembles the intro- duced one as closely as possible: thus the Cassava-root received the name of * Yabia ni papalagi” (i.e. foreign Arrowroot), the Bird's-eye Pepper that of “ Boro ni papalagi” (i. e. foreign Nightshade), and the Pine-apple that of * Balawa ni papalagi” (t. e. foreign Screw-pine). By the same rule, cotton became known as “ Vau- vau ni papalagi ” (7. e. foreign Vauvau), from its close resemblance to the Bele, or Vauvau (Hibiscus [ Abel- - moschus | esculentus, Linn.), a cultivated species, the leaves of which are eaten as a potherb. It is true that when foreigners speak about * Vauvau" the natives of the coast know cotton is meant; but in districts where cotton has not yet penetrated, as for instance at Namosi, Viti Levu, one is sure to get the edible Hibiscus, if Vauvau, without adding * ni papalagi " (foreign), be asked for.

Yet, although cotton is an introduced plant, and although until lately no attention whatever was paid to its cultivation, it has spread over all the littoral parts of Fiji, and become in some localities per- fectly naturalized. The different kinds which have come under my observation are shrubby, and produce flower and fruit throughout the whole year, though the greater number of pods arrive at maturity during the dry season, from June to September. There is scarcely any difference in the look of these species which a person not botanieally trained could readily detect. Left to themselves, and never subjected to the pruning-knife, they become as high as a tall man can reach, and each shrub spreads over a surface of about fourteen feet square. I have had no opportunity of counting the number of pods produced throughout the year by a single specimen, but tfiat found in July was on the average seven hundred per plant. Twenty pods

: : 02

20 FLORA VITIENSIS.

of cleaned cotton weighed 1 oz.; thus each plant would yield 2 1b. 3 oz. Allowing fourteen feet square for each plant, an acre would hold 222 plants, yielding, at the rate of 2 lb. 3 oz. per individual plant, 485 Ib. 10 oz. Even fixing the price of sorts, worth more than 1s. at Manchester, as low as 6d. per pound on the spot, an acre would realize £12. 2s. 93d. When it is borne in mind that Fijian cotton brings forth ripe fruit without intermission throughout the year, but that this calculation is based solely upon the number of — pods found at one time only, and that the pods were gathered from plants upon which no attention whatever had been bestowed, the result will be still more striking; double, even treble the above quantity may safely be calculated upon as their annual crop. When it is further remembered that Fijian cotton is not an annual, as it is 1n the United States, sid all other countries, where killed by frost or too low a temperature, and that the plants will continue to yield for several years without requiring any other attention than keep- ing them free from weedy creepers and pruning them periodically, the encouragement held out to cultivators will be pronounced very great.

Until the excellence of Fijian cotton had been acknowledged at Manchester, and the mercantile value of the different sorts been ascertained to be in 1859, 7d. to 74d., 8d., 9d., 11d., and even 12d. to 1214. per pound respectively, no attempt had been made to cultivate the plant. It was almost entirely left to itself, and perbaps only here and there disseminated by the natives, in order to furnish materials for wicks. But when in November, 1859, Mr. Pritchard returned from England to Fiji, with the valuation printed in the Man- chester ‘ Cotton Supply Reporter’ for March, 1859, he induced the most influential chiefs to give orders for planting it; Sie d the Wesleyan missionaries, without any exception, zealously aided in these endeavours by recommending the cultivation, both personally and through the agency of their native teachers. Thus, cotton has been thickly spread over all the Christianized districts, and imparts to them a characteristic feature, occasionally very striking in places having a mixed religious population. In Navua, for instance, that part of the town inhabited by Christians is full of cotton, whilst that inhabited by the heathens is destitute of it.

To guard against misconceptions, it must be stated that cotton has as yet been cultivated by the natives in their peculiar style. "Those who would look in the islands for broad square acres covered with any given produce will be disappointed. The Fijian cultivator has such an abundance of good land at his command, and holds such stringent notions about the fallows to be observed, that he selects patches here and there only, which after an annual or biennial occupation, are deserted for others cleared for the pur- pose. When cotton was recommended to him, he followed his old cherished system, and the isolated patches now beheld are the result. These patches are of various sizes, but I have not seen any containing more than fifty plants. In Namara, and other districts subject to Bau, isolated specimens, often as many as twenty, are met with on the margins of every taro, banana, and yam plantation. On the island occupied by Bau, the Fijian capital, Mr. Storck, my assistant, counted four hundred shrubs, growing in the streets and squares. The number of plants thus dispersed all over Fiji must be considerable, though nobody could venture to give any approximate estimate of them; and their aggregate produce, if carefully collected, would doubtless amount to a quantity scarcely expected from such sources. Mr. Pritchard, in order to open the trade, pledged himself, before leaving England, to his Manchester friends, to forward 1000 Ib. of cleaned cotton within twelve months’ time, and he experienced no difficulty in obtaining from Kadavu, Nadroga, and Bau an amount exceeding that promised before the time fixed for its dispatch,—the first ever sent home. A demand having been established, there was a marked increase in the crops, as soon as the numerous young plants added to the old stock at Mr. Pritchard’s instigation began to produce their harvest.

On leaving England in February, 1860, the Manchester Cotton Supply Association, through their able secretary, Mr. Haywood, furnished me with a large quantity of New unm and Sea Island cotton-seeds, together with printed instructions for their cultivation. Distributing a fair share of the seeds and papers amongst white settlers, who, I felt persuaded, would make use of them, I myself was enabled to establish a small experimental cotton-plantation on the Somosomo estate of Captain Wilson, and M. J. oubert, of Sydney, in the island of Taviuni. one of the seeds of the Sea Island sort possessed any germinating power; but those of the New Orleans cotton were very good, and readily grew. Sown on the 9th of J une, they began to yield ripe pods within three months, and I was thus enabled to take home a crop from the very seed I brought out, though my absence from England only amounted to thirteen months altogether. This may truly be termed growing cotton by steam.’ When I I a second visit to Somosomo, on the 18th of October, my plants were from four to seven feet high, full of ripe pods and flowers, which in the morning were of a pale yellow, but towards evening turned pink. Koytoo, a Rotuma native, whom I had desired to look after the plantation, said that the field only required weeding once; after that the cotton-plants grew so rapidly that they kept down the weeds, and he had no further trouble. | ;

Simultaneously, Dr. Brower, United States Vice-Consul, had succeeded in raising New Orleans cotton on his estate, in the island of Wakaya, twelve pods of which weighed an ounce ; whilst the seeds distributed by me amongst various people had evidently not fallen on barren soil. Of course, my plantation could only be a small one, but nevertheless it proved so far beneficial that it convinced those white settlers who had lately repaired to the group what quick returns cotton would yield, and some of them resolutely set about establishing plantations. Shortly after my departure some of them had as many as fifteen acres planted. Mr. Storck, my assistant, who went from Sydney with me to the Fijis, made up his mind to remain behind

FLORA VITIENSIS, ` 21

when I came away, in order to devote his attention to cotton-growing. He commenced a plantation at Nukumoto, on the island of Viti Levu; and as the experiment proved remunerative, he brought more land under cultivation.

The fact that cotton will grow, and grow well, being established, the success of this and similar attempts will chiefly depend upon the supply of manual labour. Those best acquainted with the condition of the group, and the character of its people, confidently look forward to a steady supply of it. In Rewa, Ovalau, and other districts longest frequented by whites, the natives go round asking for employment. This is quite an innovation, and shows that the Fijian is becoming gradually accustomed to labour for fixed wages; when the chiefs shall have either voluntarily relinquished or been compelled to give up their claim to all the property accumulated by the lower classes, a favourable result will be the immediate consequence, and a fresh impulse be imparted to all branches of industry. Let the common people once be assured that nobody can legally take their fair earnings away from them, and that the little comforts with which they have managed to surround themselves may be openly displayed without the danger of being coveted by the chiefs and their favourites, and they will doubtless be eager to engage in any work that does not require great mechanical skill or violent exertion, and at the same time will yield them reasonable returns.

It is well known, both from public journals and the ‘ Correspondence relating to the Fiji Islands,’ pre- sented by command of her Majesty to both Houses of Parliament, May, 1862, that from samples submitted by Mr. Pritchard, the Executive Committee of the Manchester Cotton Supply Association resolved, “ That these samples are of qualities most desirable for British manufacture; that such a range of excellent cotton is scarcely now received from any cotton-growing country; and that the supply obtained from the United States does not realize nearly so high an average value as this Fijian cotton." It must be borne in mind, that these and similar opinions were arrived at in 1859, before my visit to the islands and the publication of the favourable report I made, and before the outbreak of the American rebellion. Doubtless the same Committee would now be prepared to pronounce a still higher opinion, if that were possible. The Fijian samples sent to the Great Exhibition of 1862 would furnish capital material for renewed examination, and amongst them would be found some of Sea Island cotton, the sort which, having the largest staple and fetching the highest price, has been hitherto exclusively grown in perfection on the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and a small part of Florida. Fiji has now supplied every sort of cotton, from the cheapest to the very best, and capitalists would do well in directing their attention to it,

From these considerations I turn to those of a more strictly botanical nature. The genus Gossypium is in great want of a thorough revision. At present, great doubt prevails as to the number of species com- posing it. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. p. 209) express their belief that only three species exist, including even the Australian Stwrtia, whilst Todaro, of Palermo, (* Osservazioni su alcune specie di Cotone’) enumerates thirty-four. I believe that if all the characters are carefully noted, a monographer will have no difficulty in defining a considerable number of well-marked species. The native country of many species remains also to be traced. Cotton was undoubtedly indigenous both to the Eastern and Western hemi- spheres. It was met with by Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores. Captain Cook, as proved by the species now made known, found it wild in the Sandwich and Society Islands. The Vitian species are probably all introduced,-and they are easily distinguished from each other by the following absolute characters :—

- Seeds closely adhering to each other . ; : : : . G. Peruvianum (Kidney Cotton). Seeds entirely disconnected. : After the removal of the wool naked : : : ; . G. Barbadense. 1 . After the removal of the wool “ mossy.” * Moss” greenish . . : > : : ; v . G. arboreum. “Moss” tawny . : S ; , ; : : . G. tomentosum,

l. G. Peruvianum, Cav. Diss. vol. vi. p. 313. t. 168; foliis 3-5-lobis inferioribus indivisis subtus 3-glandulosis; bracteis laciniatis basi glandula nigra depressa notatis; floribus flavis ad ungues purpureis; seminibus adhærentibus glabris, lana longa candida.—G. Brasiliense, Macf. Fl. Jam. vol. i. p. 72. “Kidney, Peruvian or Brazilian Cotton,” of the English colonies and markets. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Vauvau ni papalagi."—Introduced into the Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 29). ; 2. G. Barbadense, Linn. Spec. 975; foliis superioribus 3-lobis, inferioribus 5-lobis, subtus triglandulosis; bracteis laciniatis; seminibus liberis glabris, lana longa candida. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Vauvau ni Viti.”—Introduced into Viti (Seemann! n. 30).

3. G. arboreum, Linn. Spec. 975; foliis 5-lobo-palmatis, lobis lanceolatis obtusis setula brevi mucronatis subtus l-glandulosis; bracteis subintegris; petalis flavis unguibus purpureo-maculatis v.

22 | FLORA VITIENSIS.

demum sanguineis; seminibus liberis viridi-velutinis, lana longa candida.—G. herbaceum, Linn. Spec. 975. Nomen vernac. ** Vauvau ni papalagi.” —Introduced into Viti (Seemann! n. 31).

There is a variety of this species with long, and one with short staple, also the “ New Orleans Cotton" (G. sanguineum, Hassk.), the flowers of which are at first yellow, and afterwards more br less intensely pink or blood-red.

4. G. tomentosum, Nutt. mss.; fruticosum; ramulis folis bracteisque cano-tomentosis foliis 3-5-lobis, lobis ovatis acuminatis v. acutis integerrimis obscure v. distincte punctatis; stipulis cordatis v. ovatis acuminatis; pedunculis 1—2-floris; bracteis ovato-oblongis, basi cordatis, apice laciniatis, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis; calyce subtruncato distincte nigro-punctato ; petalis (flavis) obovatis, extus in parte exteriori tomentosis, in parte inclusa latiore tenuiore glabris; cap- sulis 3-valvis, valvis apiculatis ; seminibus liberis dense croceo-velutinis, lana (2 unc. long.) crocea. —G. religiosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 185, non Linn. G. parvifolium, Nutt. Herb.—Viti Levu, on the Rakiraki coast (Smythe!), Kadavu (Pritchard! Seemann! n. 28). Also collected in Oahu, Atoi, Hawai (Diell! Nuttall ), Maui, Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson! Menzies !).

This is the plant which A. Gray (Bot. Wilkes, p. 179) calls G. religiosum, but it is not that of Cavanilles, which is more glabrous, has a deeper-cleft calyx, white flowers, and the seeds quite glabrous, after the removal of the wool.* "The Sandwich Islands plant is apparently identical with that described by Roxburgh 1. e. under the name G. religiosum, which, he says, has “seeds free, clothed with firmly-adhering, short, tawny down, and long wool of the same colour.” There is a specimen of “Yellow Cotton” from Joy- negau (Trove!) at the British Museum, which has very small leaves,—the smallest I have seen in this genus, —agreeing as far as it goes with the above species; and there is a starved specimen of G. tomentosum from Hawai (Diell !) which has the leaves almost as small, and which Nuttall had provisionally named G. parvi- folium. But generally the leaves and flowers of G. tomentosum are those of the size usual in this genus.t

* For the sake of comparison, I subjoin Solander’s description of the true G. religiosum in his Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 274 (ined.), made from fresh plants, and accompanied by specimens preserved at the British Museum :— :

“Gossypium religiosum, Linn. Syst. Nat. 462 : 5. ‘Wavai’ insularibus oceani Pacifici. Habitat in Tahiti, Huahine, Raiatea, et Tahaa. Frutex orgyalis, erectus, diffusus, ramosissimus, undique adspersus punctis nigris glandulosis. Rami divaricatissimi, teretes, virides. Folia alterna, petiolata, patentia, plana, magnitudine palma, glabra, lata, basi cordata, inferiora quinqueloba, suprema minora triloba. Sinubus obtusissimis, rotundatis. Lobis integerrimis, acuminatis. Petioli teretes, longitudine foliorum. Stipule ovato-lanceolatse, acuminate, parve, caduce. Glandule: Puncta parva, nigra, convexa, nume- rosissima in ramis, ramulis, petiolis, pedunculis, foliorum nervis, stipulis, calycibus exterioribus ; in calyce interiore, germine, capsula paginisque foliorum glandule vix tito fübetatites vel potius puncta impressa nigrieantia: in caulibus glandule fere obliteratw. Prater has glandulas, unica oblonga majuscula, subtus in costa intermedia foliorum, a basi remota. Pedunculi- oppositifolii, solitarii, uniflori, petiolis crassiores illisque duplo vel triplo brevioribus. Calyx exterior 3-phyllus, magnus, sesquiuncialis et biuncialis, per- sistens, angulos 3 acutos formans. Foliola lata, subovalia, basi profunde cordata, medio sinus basi germinis adnata, pallide virentia, nervosa, rugulosa, extus laciniata. Lacinie lanceolato-lineares, acuminate, por- rect, longe; lateralibus brevioribus. Calyx interior albidus, monophyllus, urceolatus, exteriori duplo brevior, 5-fidus. Zacinie subulats, acuminate, longitudine tubi. Petala 5, cuneiformia, extrorsum latis- sima, oblique truncata, sspe insqualiter retusa, altero latere altiora et productiora, basi parum coalita, calyce parum longiora, oblique se invicem latere incumbentia, unde corolla patenti campanulata, primum alba, dein incarnata, tandem rubieunda. Ungues tamen semper ex albido flavescentes sunt. Filamenta (generis) corolle basi affixa, petiolis duplo breviora. Germen superum, ovatum, glabrum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus longior (corolla tamen paulo brevior) superne 4-gonus. Stigma 4-fidum: laciniis arcte cohæ- rentibus, rectis. Capsula ovato-subglobosa, obtusissime 4-gona, 4-locularis, 4-valvis. „Semina ovata, acuta [libera, glabra, B. S.], lana involuta, plerumque 4 in singulo loeulamento." [I should add that there are no specimens of G. religiosum preserved in Linnseus's own herbarium.— B. S.] |

T The following is an additional and very distinct Polynesian species :—

Gossypium drynarioides, Seem. (sp. nov.); fruticosa, glabra; foliis 5-7-lobis; lobis triangularibus acutis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus nigro-punctatis; peduneulis 1-floris; bracteis 3 amplis coriaceis cordato-ovatis obtuse sinuato-crenatis 10-12-nerviis; calyce 5-fido; petalis obovato-oblongis, extus pube- scentibus.—Sandwich Islands (Nelson! in Herb. Mus. Brit). The large coriaceous bracts look exactly like the base of the fronds of Drynaria; they are more coriaceous than in any other species, and give so strange an aspect to this plant that I have hesitated about the genus. As far as the specimens go,—they

FLORA VITIENSIS. 23

Ordo XIV. STERCULIACEZ.

I. Sterculia, Linn. Gen. n. 1086; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.217. Flores unisexuales v. poly- gami. Calyx 5-fidus v. 5-partitus, rarius 4-merus, sæpius coloratus.. Petala 0. Columna staminea apice antheras 15 v. rarius 10 inordinate congestas ferens. Ovarii carpella 5, subdistincta, 2—co- ovulata; stylus apice peltato- v. lobato-stigmatosus. Carpella matura distincta, stellato-patentia, nunc lignoso-coriacea intus rima tardius dehiscentia, nunc tenuiora folliculatim dehiscentia v. jam ante maturationem aperta. Semina in carpellis 1—o, nuda v. rarius alata; albumen bipartibile coty- ledonibus adherens, szepe cotyledones crassas simulans ; cotyledones plan v. parum undulatze, tenues ; radicula hilo contraria v. proxima v. intermedia.—Arbores ; foliis indivisis, lobatis v. digitatis; inflo- rescentiis paniculatis v. rarius racemosis, sæpius axillaribus; floribus terminalibus vulgo foemineis preecocioribus.

1, S. (Firmiana) diversifolia, Seem. ; foliis cordatis integris v. apice 3- (quandoque 5- ?)lobis, lobis acuminatis; floribus ignotis; carpellis apertis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque obtusis breviter stipitatis.—Firmiana diversifolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 185. t. 13.—Ovalau [and ? Vanua Levu] (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

I have not seen specimens of this plant. Of the two Polynesian Sterculias enumerated by Forster, one is a new species.*

2. S. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; foliis digitatim 7-foliolatis, foliolis petiolatis elliptico-lanceo- latis acuminatis vix quadruplo longioribus quam latis, supra glabris, subtus stellato-puberulis ; fl. ignotis; carpellis ovatis v. obovatis apiculatis lignosis, extus dense tomentosis, l4-spermis; semi- nibus elliptico-cylindraceis nudis (nigris) nitidis.—5S. fætida, Forst. Prodr. n. 359? non Linn.— Viti Levu (Storck !).

Closely allied to S. fætida, Linn., from which it differs in the leaves being stellate-pubescent below, and the carpels being densely covered with a short, light-brown tomentum. It may be identical with the Tana plant which Forster named 8. fetida, but there are no specimens or drawings of it at the British Museum. Petioles 12-16 inches long. Leaflets 10-12 inches long, and 3-34 inches broad, quite entire, having from 18-24 veins on each side of the midrib, arranged at unequal distances. Largest fruit 7 inches long, the smallest about the size of those of S. fætida, Linn.

IL. Heritiera, Dryand. in Ait. Kew. ed. i. vol. iii. p. 546; Benth. et Hook. f. p. 219. Flores unisexuales, Calyx 5-dentatus v. 5-fidus. Petala 0. Columna staminea tenuis, sub apice antheras 5 annulatim adnatas ferens, loculis parallelis. — Ovarii carpella 5, subdistincta, 1-ovulata; stylus brevis, stigmatibus 5 crassiusculis. Carpella matura lignea, indehiscentia, dorso carinato-subulata. . Semen exalbuminosum; cotyledones crassissimze; radicula hilo proxima.—Arbores; foliis indivisis, coriaceis, subtus lepidotis, penninerviis; floribus parvulis in paniculas axillares dispositis.— Balano- pteris, Gaertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 94. t. 98, 99. "

l. Hi. littoralis, Dryand. in Ait. Kew. l. c.; foliis elliptico-oblongis ovalisve obtusiusculis.— Brown, in Bennett, Plant. Jav. p. 237. H. Fomes, Buch. in Sym. Ava, Willd. Sp. vol. iv. p. 972;

have unfortunately no fruit,—they prove it to be a genuine Gossypium. Leaf-blade 3 inches long. Peduncles (4-5 inches long) longer than the petioles. Bracts 14-2 inches long, and 1-14 inch broad. Petals 4-5 inches long.

* Sterculia Forsteri, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; S. Balanghas, Forst. Plant. Escul. n. 22; Prodr. n. 358, non ` Linn.; arborea, ramulis crassis glabratis; foliis confertis ovatis ovalibus v. obovatis breviter acuminatis integerrimis parallele venosis glabris; petiolis stellato-puberulis, demum glabris ; panieulis stellato-tomen- tosis; bracteolis lineari-subulatis, alabastris ovatis acutis; sepalis liberis (?) ; cmt. ign. Tana (Forster! in Mus. Brit.).—Petiole 1-11 inch long. Blade of leaf 3—4 inches long, 2-23 inches broad, with 9-10 parallel veins on each side of the midrib. Sepals ovate-acute, very short and apparently free, but the buds are too young to make out this and several other points satisfactorily.

94 FLORA VITIENSIS.

DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 484. H. minor, Lam. Dict. vol. iii. p. 229; DC. Prodr. vol. i.p. 484. Balano- pteris Tothila et B. minor, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. t. 98, 99. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kena ivi na alewa Kalou."—Common on the seaside throughout the group (Seemann! n. 33; Barclay! ; U. S. Expl. Exped.), Tongan Islands.(Nelson!; U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A good portrait of the lower part of this singular tree is given in my translation of Kitlitz's * Twenty- four Views of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific,’ Plate V. Fig. 13 t. Amongst English gardeners and colonists it is known as the “ Looking-glass plant," from the lepidote lower surface of the leaves having somewhat the appearance of the back of a looking-glass.

III. Kleinhovia, Linn. Gen. n. 1024; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 219. Bracteole parve v. a calyce remote. Sepala 5, demum libera, decidua. Petala inszqualia, superiora longius unguiculata et basi complicata. Columma staminea elongata, gynophoro adnata, apice campanulato-5-fida, laciniis 3-antheriferis cum dentibus anantheris alternantibus; anthere breviter stipitatz, loculis divaricatis distinctis. Ovarium intra columne staminez apicem dilatatum insertum, 5-lobum, 5-loculare, loculis sub-4-ovulatis; stylus tenuis, demum divisus. Capsula membranaceo-inflata, turbinato-5-loba, locu- licide 5-valvis. Semina abortu solitaria, globosa, nuda, tuberculata, exalbuminosa ; cotyledones spi- raliter convolutz, radicula hilo proxima.—Arbor ; foliis integerrimis, 3—7-nerviis ; floribus roseis, in © paniculam amplam terminalem dispositis.

l. K. hospita, Linn. Spec. 1365; Rumph. Amb, vol. iii. t. 113; Cav. Diss. vol. v. p. 188. t. 146. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Mamakara."—Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 35; U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A truly indigenous tree, yielding useful timber, generally growing gregariously, and presenting a beau- tiful aspect when in flower.

IV. Melochia, Linn. Gen. n. 829; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 223. Calyx 5-fidus v. 5-denta- tus, campanulatus v. inflatus. Petala 5, spathulata v. oblonga, marcescentia. .Stamina 5, petalis opposita, basi v. ultra medium connata, staminodiis 0 v. rarius minutis dentiformibus ; antherarum loculi paralleli. Ovarium sessile v. breviter stipitatum, 5-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis; styli 5, liberi v. basi coaliti, superne stigmatosi, et seepius incrassati. Capsula loculicide 5-valvis, loculis 1-spermis, nonnullis nunc abortivis. Semina adscendentia, obovoidea, plus minus albuminosa; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus planis, radicula hilo proxima.—Herbe fruticesve v. rarius arbores, pube stellata pilis simplicibus nonnunquam intermixta; foliis serratis, anguste ovatis v. late cordatis; floribus sepius parvis, nune ut in Waltheria glomeratis axillaribus v. in thyrsum spiciformem dispositis, nunc laxius cymosis v. paniculatis, axillaribus v. terminalibus.

l. M. (Visenia) Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 193; foliis cordatis ovatis oblongisve glabris serratis; cymis paniculisque tomentoso-puberulis; petalis albidis; capsule tomentoso-sericeze coccis mucronatis; seminibus apice late alatis.—Taviuni, Ovalau, Vanua Levu, and Oneata (See- mann! n. 37; U. S. Expl. Exped.), Friendly Islands (Barclay !).

Var. 8. foliis subcoriaceis haud cordatis superioribus basi acutis.—Macuata coast (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A shrub or small tree, with whitish, not yellow flowers, as stated by the United States Exploring Expedition.

V. Waltheria, Linn. Gen. n. 827; Benth. et Hook. f. p. 224. Calyx 5-fidus. Petala 5, spa- thulata, marcescentia. Stamina 5, basi connata, petalis opposita, staminodiis 0; antherarum loculi paralleli. Ovarium sessile, 1-carpicum, 1-loculare, 2-ovulatum ; stylus excentricus, superne clavatus v. fimbriatus. Capsula dorso 2-valvis, 1-sperma. Semen adscendens, albuminosum ; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus planis, radicula hilo proxima.—Herbee suffrutices v. rarius arbores, pube stellata cum

FLORA VITIENSIS. 25

simplici mixta; foliis serratis; stipulis angustis; floribus szepius parvulis, ad axillas glomeratis v. eymosis v. in capitula racemos paniculasve terminales dispositis.— Lophanthus, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 14.

]. W. Americana, Linn. Spec. 941, excl. ex Smith. syn. Breyn.; foliis ovatis plicatis acute inzequaliter dentatis utrinque tomentosis, capitulis pedunculatis v. sessilibus.—W, Indica, Jacq. Icon. Rar. vol. i. t. 130; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 492.—Vanua Levu and Oneata (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ka- davu (Seemann! n. 36). Also collected in New Caledonia (Anderson! Sir E. Home!), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and Sandwich Islands (Barclay! Macrae! Nuttall! Seemann !) ; and in North Australia and Queensland.

Having been found during Cook's Voyages in New Caledonia and Society Islands, this plant must be considered truly indigenous to the South Sea Islands.

VI. Commersonia, Forst. Char. Gen. 43. t. 22; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 226. Calyx 5-fidus. Petala 5, e basi lata concava, superne ligulata. Staminum urceoli lobi anantheriferi (sta- minodia), petalis alterni, 3-nati v. 3-fidi, elongati; anthers 5, breviter stipitatee, cum lobis sterilibus alternantibus et petalis oppositze, loculis divaricatis. Ovarium sessile, 5-loculare, loculis 2-6-ovulatis ; styli plus minus coaliti v. distincti. Capsula setis flaccidis echinata, loculicide 5-valvis. Semina 2-3-na, adscendentia, strophiolo parvo, albuminosa; cotyledones foliacez, plane; radicula hilo proxima.—Arbores fruticesve; foliis dentatis v. incisis, sepe obliquis; floribus parvis, in cymas axillares v. oppositifolias raro terminales dispositis.

1. C. platyphylla, Andr. Bot. Rep. n. 603 et t. 519, sub C. echinata ; caule frutescente; foliis ovato-acuminatis superne hispidulis v. demum glabratis, subtus albido-tomentosis distincte venosis ; cymis compositis plurifloris; capsule setis villosissimis.—A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 188. C. Ja- vensis, Don, Gen. Syst. vol. i. p. 523; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. p.312. C. echinata, Blum. Bijdr. p. 86. — Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 34; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Samoan (Sir E. Home!) and Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

VII. Pimia, (gen. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 366. Calyx 5-fidus, laciniis obovatis obtusis. Petala 5, minuta, squameeformia, cordata. Stamina antherifera 5, libera, laciniis calycis alterna. — Anthere 2-rimose, petalis opposite. Staminodia nulla. Ovarium 5-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis. Capsula setis flaccidis echinata, 5-locularis. Semina solitaria, adscendentia.—A rbor 40— 50-pedalis; ramulis foliis cymisque ferrugineo-stellato-tomentosis, demum glabratis; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-oblongis v. obovatis obtusis integerrimis coriaceis, penninerviis, supra demum gla- bratis, subtus densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis ;. cymis paucifloris; floribus parvis.

This new genus I have dedicated to my esteemed friend Captain Bedford Pim, R.N., who was my travelling companion during Admiral Kellett's voyage round the world and in three cruises to the Arctic regions. The materials, as far as they go, would seem to indicate a close affinity to Lasiopetalum and Commersonia, differing from the former in its echinate fruit, from the latter in its want of staminodia, and differently-shaped petals. In habit Pimia somewhat resembles Pomaderris; and before the few flowers which have served to draw up the above character were found on the British Museum specimen, I took it to be a Rhamnea. My specimens are too imperfect to determine either the arrangement, number, or nature of the long spines of the capsule. Some of them are broken, but there appear to be six long ones, which do not seem to differ essentially from the short ones. All are densely covered with stellate hairs.

1. P. rhamnoides, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 366 (Tab. V.).— Rhamnea, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. (1861) p. 255.—Northern Coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 83); very rare, growing on the margin of forests. ; Bc c

EXPLANATION or PLATE V.—Fig. 1, fragment of a cyme; 2 and 8, different views of a flower, the - fruit far advanced towards maturity; 4, a petal and stamens; 5, longitudinal section of capsule; 6, cross-

section of the same; 7, one of the sete of the capsule; 8, the articulated hair covering the branches :—aJ7, with the exception of fig. 1, magnified.

26 = FLORA VITIENSIS.

Ordo XV. TILIACEA. .

I. Grewia, Linn. Gen. n. 1026; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.333. Sepala 5, distincta. ^ Petala 5, basi intus foveolata v. glandulifera, calyce sæpius breviora, circa tori basin inserta, rarissime 0. Stamina oo, toro turbinato seepe glanduloso inserta, libera. Ovarium 2-4-loculare, loculis 2—-eo-ovu- latis; stylus subulatus, stigmate brevissime 2—4-lobo. Drupa l-4-pyrena, integra v. 2—4-loba, pyrenis 1-spermis v. 2-co-spermis et inter semina spurie septatis. Semina adscendentia v. horizon- talia; albumen copiosum carnosum v. rarius parcum v. subnullum ; -cotyledones plan: foliacez v. carnosee.—Arbores fruticesve, pube seepius stellata; foliis integerrimis v. serratis, 3-7-nerviis; floribus flavis v. rarius purpureis, mediocribus v. majusculis, cymulis nune axillaribus paucifloris, nune in paniculas terminales dispositis.—Mallococca, Forst. Char. Gen. 77. t. 39.

l. G. Mallococca, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 409; ramulis villosis ; foliis ovato-oblongis v. oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis serratis basi subcordatis, supra subscabris v. glabriuseulis; pedunculis axilla- ribus geminis 3-floris; pedicellis pedunculo eequilongis ; petalis ovato-lanceolatis v. acutis; nectario linea villosa cincto.—A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 197; Forst. Prodr. n. 327; Cav. Diss. Ic. t. 309; Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 70, cum descr. Forst. G. liliefolia, A. Rich. Sert. Astrolab. Introd. p. 9, non Vahl. G. Richardiana, Walp. Rep. vol. i. p. 363. -G. amicorum, Steudl. Nom. G. orientalis, Sol. Prim. Fl. Pacif. p. 308, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plant. t. 84 (ined). Mallococca crenata, Forst. Gen. p. 78. t. 39. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Siti."—Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Tongan (Forster ! Barclay! U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Society Islands (Forster 5 in the latter group called “ Matia-tia ” and * Haupa."

2. G. persicefolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 198; glabra; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acumi- natis subserratis basi obtusa. tantum 3-nerviis laxe venosis membranaceis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis petiolo sublongioribus 2-3-floris; pedicellis pedunculo zquilongis; petalis minimis (?) toro apice villoso barbato; drupa hirsutula v. glabriuscula.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 39).

3. G. prunifolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, P. 199; glabra; foliis ovato-oblongis seu oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis serrulatis basi rotundatis 3-nerviis supra nitidis; pedunculis axillaribus 1—3- floris; petalis ovalibus obtusis, nectario linea pubescente cincto; toro apice pubescente; stigmate crasso peltato; drupa hirsutula.— Nomen vernac. * Siti."— Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 40; U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Il. Triumfetta, Linn. Gen. n. 600; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 234. Sepala 5, distincta, apice szepe fornicata v. mucronata. Petala 5, basi glanduloso-incrassata v. foveolata, circa basin tori inserta, rarius 0. Stamina oo v. rarius sepalis duplo plura, supra torum elevatum extus 5-glandulo- sum inserta, libera. Ovarium 2-5-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis; stylus filiformis, stigmate 2—5-dentato. Capsula (parva) subglobosa, echinata v. setosa, indehiscens v. in coccos secedens. Semina in loculis seu coccis solitaria v. si gemina septis spuriis separata, pendula, albuminosa ; embryo rectus, cotyle- donibus planis foliaceis.— Herbze suffrutices v. frutices, pube stellata ; foliis serratis, integris v. 3-5- lobis; floribus flavis, axillaribus v. oppositifoliis, paucis v. dense fasciculato-cymulosis.

1, T. procumbens, Forst. Prodr. n. 204; Icon. (ined.) t. 147; caule suffruticoso prostrato, ramis erecto-ascendentibus tomentoso-lanatis ; .foliis subrotundato-cordatis subtrilobis obtuse serratis tomentoso-villosis ; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis 3-fidis; sepalis linearibus; petalis 5 oblongis obtusis, basi attenuatis; staminibus oo; capsula echinata, loculis 3—4, 2-ovulatis.— Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 71; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 197.— 7. Fabreana, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. p. 478. t. 102. T. crassi- folia, Sol. Prim. Fl. Pacif. p. 250, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plant. t. 51 (ined.) — Common

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 27

on the seaside all over the group (Seemann! n. 38). Also collected in Society (Forster!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home! Greffe! n. 36), Anei- tum (M‘Gillivray !), and Queensland (R. Brown !).

III. Greeffea, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 71 (gen. nov. Tiliacearum). Bracteole 3, integre. Sepala 5, valvata. Petala 5, imbricata, basi nuda. Stamina co, libera, toro conico pluriseriatim inserta; anthere oblonge, 2-loculares, versatiles, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis oc-ovulatis; stylus brevis, stigmate obscure 5-lobo. Fructus 2-locularis, nudus.—Arbor glabra; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis serratis basi cordatis 3—5-nerviis; stipulis obovatis obtusis amplis connatis persistentibus; pedunculis axillaribus dichotomis, ramis 3-floris ; pedicellis basi 2- apice 3-bracteolatis; floribus albidis.

This new genus, which must rank near Zrichospermum, I have great pleasure in dedicating to Dr. Greffe, a Swiss naturalist, who, in visiting the Viti Islands, was the fortunate discoverer of it.

1. G. calyculata, (sp. nov.) Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 71 (Tab.VI.).—Viti Levu (Dr. Greffe! in Herb. Melbourn.).

The single specimen has very young flowers and no ripe fruit. Petioles 1-13 inch long. Blade of leaf 5-8 inches long, and 3-5 inches broad. Stipules nearly an inch long, connate, and imparting a charac- teristic look to the plant. Bracts surrounding the calyx oval, free, glabrous. Calyx, outside pubescent, inside glabrous. Sepals obovate-acute. Petals obovate-acute, incurved at the apex, glabrous. Stamens numerous, in several rows inserted on the torus, glabrous. Ovary covered with short stiff hairs, and rising from the centre of an almost conical torus. Ovary compressed, as in Zyichospermum. Fruit unknown,

but, judging from the very young ovary, not covered with spines. E EXPLANATION OF Prare VI.—Fig. 1, entire flower, with the three bracts; 2, the same, without the

bracts; 3, the same, opening; 4, the same, quite open; 5, petal; 6 and 7, stamens; 8, torus and ovary :— all magnified.

IV, Trichospermum, Blum. Bijdr. 56; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 236. Bracteole 3. Sepala 5, crassa. Petala 5, basi nuda. Stamina oo, libera, disco crenato inserta; anther oblong:e, versatile. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis cc-ovulatis; stylus subnullus, stigmate sessili retuso. Cap- sula 2-locularis, dissepimento contrarie compressa, dura, apice in alam brevem crasso-coriaceam expansa, loculicide semi-2-valvis, oo-sperma. Semina lenticulari-globosa, testa crustacea, membrana externa ad margines seminis longe crinita; albumen carnosum; cotyledones orbiculate, planze.— Arbores; foliis integerrimis; cymulis axillaribus; floribus parvis.—Diclidocarpus, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 200. t. 14.

1. T. Richii, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. (1861) p. 254; arbor humilis; foliis ovalibus integer- rimis, basi rotundatis v. subcordatis, utrinque minute stellato-pubescentibus; stipulis oblongis acutis caducis.—Diclidocarpus Richii, A, Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 200. Nomen vernac. “ Maku.”—Common throughout the group (Seemann! n. 41; Storck! n. 870; Sir E. Home! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

V. Eleocarpus, Linn. Gen. n. 663; Benth. et Hook. f. p. 239. Sepala 4-5, valvata v. rarius subimbricata. Petala totidem, laciniata lobata v. rarius integra, circa basin tori incrassati extus . glandulosi inserta, induplicato-valvata, singula stamina exteriora involventia. Stamina co, rarius 8-12, supra torum intra glandulas inserta; antherz lineares, apice valva transversa (rimis brevibus loculorum confluentibus) dehiscentes. Ovarium 2-5-loculare, loculis 2-s0-ovulatis ; stylus subulatus, integer. Drupa l-pyrena, pyrena sæpius ossea tuberculata 3-5-loculari v. abortu 1-loculari, loculis lespermis. Semina pendula (v. rarius erecta?), testa crustacea v. ossea; albumen carnosum ; coty- ledones late, plane v. undulatze.— Arbores ; foliis alternis v. rarius oppositis, integerrimis v. serratis, in paucis speciebus subtus sparse nigro-punctatis; floribus axillaribus, racemosis, interdum poly- gamis; petalis glabris v. sericeis drupis oblongis v. globosis. -

E?

28 FLORA VITIENSIS.

1. E. (Monocera) Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, 1860, p. 295 (Tab. VII.) ; arboreus, glaber; ramulis crassis; foliis longe petiolatis obovato-oblongis integerrimis v. obscure denticulatis basi acutis; racemis numerosis 3-7-floris; floribus magnis speciosis coloratis; sepalis ovato-oblongis acutis (coccineis) valvatis; petalis obovatis subintegris, apice crenato-lobatis (basi flavis apice kerme- sinis) ; staminibus circiter 100; filamentis basi pilosis, valvula exteriore antherarum longe subulata, toro 5-lobo, lobis 2-fidis, ovario 2-loculari, loculis 8-ovulatis ; drupa ovata acuminata, pyrena ossea. Nomen vernac. “ Gaigai," teste Storck.— Port Kinnaird, Ovalau, in forests (Storck! n. 871), Viti Levu (Greeffe! n. 49).

A. tall forest tree, of great beauty, which I have named after its discoverer, Mr. Jacob Storck, from whose specimens, and a water-colour drawing by the late Miss Mary Pritchard, our Plate has been made. It is one of the few Eleocarpi having coloured flowers, and its nearest ally seems to be E. speciosus, Brongn. et Gris. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. viii. p. 201, from New Caledonia, but in that species the leaves are beneath clothed with a silky-white tomentum, the petals are more deeply cut, the stamens are only 75 in number, and the anthers pilose. According to Mr. Storck, this tree exudes a gum-resin.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.—Fig. 1, a flower, with petals and stamens removed; 2, a petal; 3, stamens; 4, a cross-section of ovary; 5, a cross-section of the ripe fruit (from a sketch furnished by Mr. Storck) ; 6, section of yourig fruit :—yigs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, slightly magnified.

2. E. (Monocera) Greeffei, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 76 (Tab. VIII.) ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque rufo-tomentellis ; foliis obovatis v. oblongis acuminatis basi obtusis dentatis coriaceis utrinque glabris subtus pallidioribus; racemis ex axilla foliorum delap- sorum nascentibus 8-14-floris; floribus parvis nutantibus; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis æstiva- tione valvatis extus l- intus 3-nerviis; petalis fimbriatis (albidis) glabris intus versus basin pilosis ; staminibus numerosis glabris; antheris longe aristatis, ovario villoso 2-loculari; drupa ...—Viti Levu (Grzffe! n. 59).

The leaves, including the petiole, are from 5—6 inches long, and from 2-3 inches broad, less coriaceous than those of E. Storckii. Racemes longer than the petiole, but shorter than the blade of the leaf. F lower- buds ovate, acute. It is one of the small-flowering species, named in honour of its discoverer, Dr. Greffe, and in look extremely like E. leptostachys, Wall. List, n. 2692, from Penang; but the leaves of E. leptosta- chys (in a dried state) are not pale-green, but brown or ferruginous on the under side, the flower-buds are ovate, obtuse, and the anthers are blunt, resembling those of E. bifidus, Hook. and Arn. I take E. lepto- stachys to be identical with E. ovalifolius, Wall. List, n. 2665, from Sylhet, and, according to the original specimens at the British Museum, with Craspedwm tectorum of Loureiro, from Cochin China, of which -E. tectorius, Poir., and Dicera Craspedum, Gmel., are synonyms.* Endlicher regarded E. bifidus, Hook. and Arn., as the type of a new genus ( Beythea), the anther-cells of which are identical with those of Brongniart's section Dicera. If it should be kept up, either as a separate genus or a subgenus, its name will have to be suppressed in favour of Craspedum, the oldest of the two.

EXPLANATION OF Puare VIIL.—-Fig. 1, entire flower; 2, the same, with the sepals removed; 3, a petal; 4 and 5, stamens; 6, ovary and style; 7, cross-section of ovary :—all magnified.

3. E. (Monocera) Milnei, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arboreus; ramulis crassis, junioribus ferrugineo- tomentosis ; foliis obovatis obtusis v. acutis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis v. minute denticulatis, parallele venosis, glabris; racemis 15—20-floris, ferrugineo-puberulis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis valvatis; petalis laciniatis glabris intus versus basin pilosis; staminibus circiter 20 ; filamentis pube- rulis, valvula postica antherarum subulata anticam longe superante; toro ferrugineo-tomentoso ; ovario 2-loculari; stylo villosiusculo, drupa , . .— Viti Levu (Milne! in Herb. Hook.).

Attains 30-40 feet in height, according to Mr. Milne. Leaves very large, the largest, including

the petiole, 1 foot long, 5 inches broad, having from 10-13 veins on each side of the midrib, coriaceous. It seems to be near Æ. laurifolius, A. Gray, of which I have not seen specimens. | ee T

4. E. (Monocera) laurifolius, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 208 ; glabra ; foliis coriaceis oblongis E The synonymy of Eleocarpus tectorius, Poir., is as follows:—E. leptostachys, Wall! E. ovali-

olius, Wall.! Dicera Craspedum, Gmel.! Craspedum tectorium, Lour. —Cochin China (Loureiro! in Mus. Brit.), Sylhet (Wallieh! n. 2265), Penang (Wallieh! n. 2672).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 29

subserratis utrinque acutis v. subacuminatis supra nitidis; racemis axillaribus brevibus paucifloris ; floribus diclinis, masculis perianthio 5-mero; petalis laciniatis; staminibus 20 v. pluribus; antheris vix apiculatis v. mucronatis.— Viti Islands, locality not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

9. E. cassinoides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 204; glaber; foliis coriaceo-chartaceis obovatis denticulatis leviter penninerviis; racemis axillaribus plurifloris ; drupa pyriformi.—Bua or Sandal- wood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

6. E. pyriformis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 205; subglaber; foliis membranaceis ellipticis utrinque obtusissimis serrulatis perspicue penninerviis; racemis axillaribus ; drupa pyriformi.— Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Professor A. Gray kindly sent me a fragment of the latter plant, for comparison with my new

species, but it agreed with none of them. All the Eleocarpi are evidently very local and rare in the group. The flowers of E. cassinoides and pyriformis are as yet unknown.

Orvo XVI. MALPIGHIACEZE.

I. Hiptage, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 69. t. 116; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.258. Calyx 5-partitus. Glandula 1l, magna, partim pedicello adnata. Petala unguiculata, ineequalia, sericea. Stamina 10, declinata, omnia fertilia, unico ceteris multo majore; filamenta ima basi connata. Ovarium 3-lobum, dorso 3-4-appendiculatum ; stylus 1 (rarius 2), filiformis, primum circinatus, stigmate capitellato serius truncato, ceteri rudimentarii. Samare 1-3, 3-alate. Semen subglo- bosum; cotyledones inzquales, crasse, curvz.—Frutices scandentes; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, in- tegerrimis, petiolatis, eglandulosis, stipulis 0; racemis terminalibus et axillaribus, interdum com- positis; pedunculis erectis, basi bracteatis, cum pedicellis 2-bracteolatis articulatis; floribus albis v. roseis, odoratis, petalo quinto discolore.—Gertnera, Schreb. Gen. vol. i. p. 290; Molina, Cav. Diss. 435. t. 263.

l. H. myrtifolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 267. t. 21; foliis lanceolato-ellipticis oblongisve nitidis; racemis paucifloris; petalis roseis; staminibus anticis majoribus subzquilongis arcuatis; alis samare obovatis brevibus, crista dorsali quoque in alam producta.—Ovalau and Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Greffe! n. 18).

A. Gray enumerates two varieties, viz. a, foliis 1-2 poll. longis crassiusculis rigidis haud perspicue venosis (represented by figs. A, B of his Plate), and £, foliis 3—4 poll. longis tenuioribus magis venosis (fig. C of his Plate). 1 did not find the plant, and know it only from Dr. Græffe’s specimens.

2. H. Javanica, Blum. Bijdr. 224?; foliis ovali-oblongis acuminatis, basi rotundatis aut acutis biglandulosis glabris; racemis axillaribus simplicibus; calyce 1-glanduloso.— Taviuni and Narai (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

. .l have not seen specimens answering to this description, and A. Gray has some doubt about the identity of the Fijian species with the Javanese. Some of the leaves are very obtuse. The crest is extended into a wing fully half as large as the lateral wings, and similar in shape. The petals are fimbriate. .

Only four representatives of the Natural Order Malpighiacee have hitherto been found in Polynesia, viz. the two just enumerated, the well-known Tristellaria Australasica, A. Rich. Voy. Astrolabe, Bot. vol. ii. t. 15, collected by Barclay (n. 3348) in New Ireland, and Ryssopterys Timorensis, A. Juss., found by M‘Gillivray in New Caledonia. : : a ;

30 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orvo XVII. GERANIACEZE.

I. Oxalis, Linn. Gen. n. 582; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.276. Flores regulares. Sepala 5, imbricata. Petala 5, hypogyna, contorta. Glandule disci 0. Stamina 10, libera v. basi coalita, omnia antherifera. Ovarium 5-lobum, 5-loculare, suberostre ; styli 5, distincti, stigmatibus termi- nalibus capitatis 2-fidis v. laciniatis; ovula in loculis 1-oc. Capsula loculicide dehiscens, valvis mediante septo ad axin persistentibus. Seminum tegumentum exterius carnosum, elastice desiliens, arilliforme, testa crustacea; albumen carnosum; embryo rectus.—Herbe nunc acaules rhizomate bulboso v. carnoso, nune caulescentes v. rarius suffrutices ; foliis radicalibus v. caulinis, alternis stipulatis, digitatim v. pinnatim 3-ec-foliolatis, foliolis integerrimis v. marginato-bilobis, rarius l-foliolatis v. phyllodineis; pedunculis axillaribus v. radicalibus, 1-floris v. seepius cymoso- v. umbel- latim co-floris ; floribus luteis roseis v. albis, nunc dimorphis, aliis perfectis, aliis minimis apetalis.

l. O. corniculata, Linn. Spec. 632; Koch, Synop. Fl. Germ. p. 144; radice ramoso-fibrosa, stolonibus nullis, caulibus diffusis pubescentibus basi radicantibus ; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis obcor- datis; stipulis oblongis petiolo adnatis; pedunculis 3-5-floris folio brevioribus ; petalis flavis; pedi- cellis fructiferis refractis.—O. reptans, Soland. in Forst. Prodr. n. 519; Sol. Fl. Ins. Pacif. Ined. p. 258. Nomen vernac. **Totowiwi."— Common on roadsides, waste places, etc., all over the group (Seemann! n. 59). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander!), Sandwich (Barclay ! n. 1308), and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

Orvo XVIII. RUTACEZ:.

I. Evodia, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 7; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 296. Flores abortu unisexuales. Sepala 4—5, imbricata. Petala 4-5, sessilia, erecta v. patentia, valvata v. leviter imbricata. Discus urceolaris, 4—5-sinuatus. Stamina 4-5, basi disci inserta, filamentis subulatis; antherze oblonge. Ovarium (in fl. $ carpella 4, sterilia) profunde 4-lobum, 4-loculare; stylus basilaris, stigmate 4-lobo ; ovula in loculis 2, collateralia v. superposita. Cocci 4, coriacei, 2-valves, 1-spermi, endocarpio soluto chartaceo elastice 2-lobo. Semina oblonga, testa ossea v. crustacea splendente rarius epider- mide carnoso induta, umbilico lineari, albumine carnoso ; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus ovatis.— Arbores v. frutices inermes; foliis oppositis simplicibus v. 1—3-foliolatis v. imparipinnatis, foliolis pellucide punetatis integerrimis; cymis axillaribus, peduneulatis, sepissime panieulatim ramosis $ floribus inter minores.

]. E. drupacea, Labill. Austr. Caled. p. 73. t. 74; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 332; fruticosa, glabra; foliis 3-foliolatis v. simplicibus, foliolis obovato-oblongis obtusis v. acutis ; corymbis axilla- ribus dichotomis; floribus 4-meris; ovario albido-tomentoso.—M acuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 90).

Fig. 2 of Labillardiére’s Plate is incorrect, representing as it does a 4-toothed calyx, instead of a 4-sepaled one.

2. E. hortensis, l'orst. Char. Gen. p. 14. t. 7; Icon. Ined. t. 26; fruticosa, glabra v. apicibus vix puberula; foliis 3-foliolatis v. simplicibus, foliolis sessilibus elliptico-oblongis obtuse acuminatis, basi longe angustatis v. lanceolato-linearibus margine subsinuosis, apice obtusis; cymis v. racemis paniculatis v. simplicibus; floribus 4-meris; ovario glabro.—Fagara Evodia, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 125; G. Forst. Prodr. n. 54. Zanthoxylum varians, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. ii. p. 215. Evodia longifolia, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. vol. ii. p. 61. t. 22. Nomina vernacul. Vitiensia,

FLORA VITIENSIS. et

|. * Uci" et “ Sacasaca."— Very generally diffused in the group, and frequently planted (Seemann! n. 91 et 92; Barclay! Sir E. Home! U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Tongan Islands (D. Nelson! Forster !), Amsterdam Island (Herb. Mus. Brit.), Uvea or Wallis Isl. (Sir E. Home! Greeffe!), Tana (W. Anderson! Forster !), and New Guinea (A. Richard). Forster’s authentic specimens include the narrow-leaved form which A. Richard has distinguished

as a separate species (E. longifolia); and I follow him, because both the narrow and broad-leaved forms

often occur on the same shrub, and the flowers are arranged either in simple racemes or in cymes more or less compound.

The plant is highly esteemed by the natives on account of its flowers, and is used for scenting the cocoa-nut oil which they apply to their naked bodies. The scent, like that of many Rutacee, is overpower- ing, and appreciated only by those Europeans who can enjoy patchouli, musks, and odours of a similar sickly category.

3. E. Roxburghiana, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 296; arborea; foliis 3-foliolatis ovatis acu- minatis in petiolum attenuatis, utrinque glabris, subtus pallidioribus; eymis axillaribus paniculatis ; pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque cano-tomentosis; floribus 4-meris ; ovario lanato.—Zanthorylum Roxburghianum, Cham. Linnea, vol. v. p. 58. Fagara triphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 436, exclus. syn. utroque apud DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 724, sub Evodia triphylla citato. Philagonia sam- bucina, Blum. Bijdr. 250? Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Drau tolu."— Taviuni, Ovalau, and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 102 et 103), Yanuca (Storck! n. 879).

I have never seen the Fijian plant with imparipinnate leaves, and hence hesitate about uniting with it Blume's PAilagonia sambucina.

II. Acronychia, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 53. t. 27, exclud. syn. VaAlii; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 902. Flores polygami. Calyx brevis, 4-lobus, imbricatus, interdum post anthesin auctus. Petala 4, calyce multo longiora, patentia v. revoluta, valvata. Torus crassus, 8-gonus, tomentosus. Sta- mina 8, sub toro inserta, alterna breviora, filamentis subulatis, Ovarium tori apici excavato insidens, tomentosum, 4-loculare; stylus terminalis, brevis v. elongatus, stigmate 4-sulcato; ovula in ioculis 2, superposita. Fructus 4-locularis, loculis 1-spermis, v. drupaceus putamine coriaceo v. osseo, v. capsularis et loculicide 4-valvis. Semina spe a funiculo elongato ex loculo dependentia, testa atra, albumine sat copioso; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus planis oblongis.—Arbores v. arbuscule ; foliis oppositis v. alternis, 1- rarissime 3-foliolatis, foliolis amplis integerrimis pellucido-punctatis ; corym- bis pedunculatis axillaribus et terminalibus; floribus flavidis, mediocribus v. majusculis.—Jambolifera, Linn. Gen. n. 479. Cyminosma, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 280. t. 58.

l. A. petiolaris, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 335. t. 33 ; glabra; foliis longe petiolatis simplicibus chartaceis oblongis utrinque acutis; pedunculis brevissimis paucifloris; fructu ovoideo apiculato sub- eroso-lignescente tomentuloso demum 4-valvi (?) basi calyce petalisque persistentibus extus cinereis

stipato.— Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Allied to A. /evis and Endlicheri.

III. Micromelum, Blum. Bijdr. vol. i. p. 137; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.303. Calyx cupu- laris integer v. 3—5- dentatus v. -lobatus. Petala 5, libera, crassiuscula, valvata v. subimbricata. Stamina 10, libera, alterna breviora, filamentis lineari-subulatis. Torus stipitiformis, brevis, incon- spicuus. Ovarium toro insidens, sepius 5-(rarius 2—6-)loculare; stylus basi constrictus, deciduus, stigmate capitato v. obtuso; ovula in loculis 2, superposita. Bacca exsucca, sæ sepissime 1—2-sperma, septis spiraliter tortis. Seminum testa membranacea ; cotyledones foliacez, contortuplicatee ; radi- cula longiuscula, conspicua.—A rbores inermes; foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis alternis obliquis integer- rimis y. serrulatis ; panieulis terminalibus, corymbosis, muljifloris ; baccis parvis.

l. M. minutum, Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 431; foliolis 10-12 oblique ovatis acuminatis minute crenulatis membranaceis, adultis glabris, junioribus inflorescentiaque tomentellis; floribus

r

32 FLORA VITIENSIS.

parvis, calyce lobato-dentato; ovario 5—4—-3-2-loculari, stigmate stylo paulo latiore capitato; bacca oblonga obtusissima.—M. pubescens var. glabrescens, Oliver, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. v. Suppl. p. 40. M. glabrescens, Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. ii. p. 219. Limonia minuta, Forst. Prodr. n. 190; Icon. Ined. t. 155. Glycosmis subvelutina, F. Muell. Frag. Phyt. Austr. vol. i. p. 25. Nomen vernac. Vitieuse, “ Qigila;" teste Williams:—Taviuni and other parts of the group (Seemann! n. 57; U. S. Expl. Exped.; Milne!). Also gathered in the Tongan Islands (Forster! Harvey! Barclay !), New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! Anderson !), Amsterdam Island (Forster !), tropical Australia (Bidwill ! Cunningham !).

T think Oliver goes rather too far in uniting this, the true Limonia minuta, Forst., and several allied plants under M. pubescens. The leaves, almost membranaceous, distinguish it from M. coriaceum, Seem.*

L. lucida, Forst. Prodr. n. 191, is identieal with Murraya exotica, Linn., as already suggested by Oliver. The diserepancy between Forster's descri ption (foliis simplicibus) and the plant is explained by a close inspection of Forster's original specimen, the uppermost leaves of which are simple or rather 1-folio- | late, as they occasionally are in this species; and all the other leaflets having fallen off, make the petioles look like branches to which alternate leaves are attached. It was collected by Forster in Mallicollo, and in Aneitum and Eromanga by M‘Gillivray. :

IV. Citrus, Linn. Gen. n. 1218; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 905. Calyx cupularis v. urceo- latus, 3-5-fidus. Petala 4-8, lineari-oblonga, crassa, imbricata. Stamina 20—60, filamentis basi compressis varie connatis v. polyadelphis; antherz oblong. Discus magnus, cupularis v. annularis. Ovarium oo-loculare ; stylus teres, deciduus, stigmate capitato lobato; ovula in loculis 4-8, 2-seriata. Bacca globosa v. oblonga, corticata, carnosa, cc-locularis, septis membranaceis, loculis cellulis trans- versis succosis repletis oligospermis. Semina horizontalia v. pendula, interdum 2-embrya v. poly- embrya, testa coriacea v. submembranacea; cotyledones carnos:, plano-convexe, sæpe inzequales ; radicula parva, supera.—Arbores et frutices sepissime spinosi; foliis 1-foliolatis, petiolo spe elato, integerrimis v. crenulatis, coriaceis, persistentibus; floribus albis, suaveolentibus, axillaribus, soli- tariis fasciculatis v. breviter paniculatis ; baccis magnis.— Sarcodactylis, G:ertn. Fruct. vol. iii. t. 185.

The Fijian generic name for Citrus is * Moli." :

l. C. Limonum, Risso, Ann. Mus. vol. xx. p. 201; petiolis subalatis, foliolis oblongis acutis dentatis; floribus 35-andris sepe agynis; fructuum oblongorum cortice tenuissimo; pulpa acidis- sima.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Moli Kara;" * Lime" of the white settlers.— Cultivated and naturalized in many parts of the group.

This is the Lime, rather than the Lemon; it has a thin, smooth rind, and was introduced in 1823 by

Mr. Vanderford, from Tahiti. Juice employed by the white settlers for making lemonade, punch, etc., as in other countries ; the natives do not seem to make any use whatever of it.

2. C. Aurantium, Risso, Ann. Mus. vol. xx. p 18k. ff bet 2: petiolis subnudis, foliolis ovato-oblongis acutisque; floribus 20-andris; fructuum globosorum cortice tenui, pulpa dulci.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Moli ni Tahiti;” “Orange” of the white settlers.— Very generally culti- vated in the islands. à;

Introduced with the foregoing species from Tahiti (hence the native name “Tahitian Orange") by Mr. Vanderford in 1823. It is not the common round ordinary-sized orange, and must not be confounded with the C. Aurantium Otaitense, Risso, Orang. t. 27. It succeeds well in the islands, and cargoes have occa- sionally been shipped to New Zealand.

3. C. vulgaris, Risso, Ann. Mus. vol. xx. p. 190; petiolis alatis, foliolis ellipticis acutia crenu-

* Micromelum coriaceum, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramis petiolisque glabris, verrucoso-punctatis; foliis alternis imparipinnatis glaberrimis, foliolis 5-9 petiolulatis oblique ovatis acuminatis, basi acutis, minute crenulatis, coriaceis pellucido-punctatis, supra atro-viridibus, subtus pallidioribus ; cymis panieulatis termi- nalibus; pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque minute tomentellis; calyce 5-lobulato ; petalis puberulis; ovario g'abro; stigmate stylo paulo latiore capitato.—Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (W. Anderson! Capt. Cook!) Leaflets 2-21 inches long, 1-1} inch brons: Petiole, petiolule, and veins of leaves tinged with red.

-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 33

latis ; floribus 20-andris, fructuum globosorum cortice tenui scabroso, pulpa aeri amara.— C. Toroso, Pickering’s Notes? Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Moli Kurukuru;" “ Bitter or Seville Orange" of the white settlers—Common throughout the lower districts of the group, to all appearance indi- genous (Seemann! n. 58).

The natives do not employ the fruit of this tree, but the leaves, after being macerated, are used for

washing the hair, to clean it and destroy the vermin. I expect the Oitrus found by Forster in Tana, and referred by him to C. Awrantium, was C. vulgaris.

4. C. Decumana, Linn. Spec. 1100; petiolis alatis, foliolis obtusis emarginatis; floribus 16-24- andris; fructuum subglobosorum v. oblongorum cortice crasso; pulpa acidula.— Pampelmoes, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. t. 24. f. 2. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Moli kana;" “Shaddock ” of white settlers.— Very common throughout the group, apparently indigenous.

The Moli kana (or edible Moli) is extremely common, and thickly lines the banks of rivers, where it attains 30—40 feet in height, as, for instance, that of Namosi, Viti Levu, where, during my stay in August, 1860, the stillness of night was frequently broken by the heavy splash of the falling fruits. There is a variety with white, another with pinkish flesh, both of which are much esteemed by the natives as an article offood. The thorns are used by the lower classes for tatooing the women. Forster met with this species in the Tongan Islands, and, like C. vulgaris, it is probably indigenous to this part of Polynesia.

-

On»o XIX. SIMARUBEZE.

I. Brucea, Mill. Fasc. t. 25; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 311. Flores polygami. Calyx parvus, 4-partitus, imbricatus. Petala 4, minuta, linearia, imbricata, apice inflexa. Discus 4-lobus. Stamina 4, in fl. 9 effceta, sub disco inserta, filamentis nudis, connectivo inconspicuo. ‘Ovarium alte 4-lobum v. carpella 4 disco depresso insidentia, libera; styli liberi v. basi tantum connati, stigma- tibus simplicibus patentibus; ovula in loculis solitaria, prope apicem loculi pendula. Drupz 4, ovoidez, vix carnose, putamine crustaceo rugoso. Semen loculo conforme, testa membranacea, albumine sat copioso; embryo rectus, radicula supera.—Arbores amare; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, imparipinnatis; foliolis basi obliquis, integerrimis, grosse serratis v. sinuato-lobatis ; spicis axilla- ribus, elongatis; floribus minutis, in cymas parvas secus- pedunculum dispositis, breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis basi bracteolatis. :

l. B. () quercifolia, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramulis foliisque hirsuto-pubescentibus demum gla- bratis, ramulis teretibus; foliis alternis exstipulatis imparipinnatis 17—19-foliolatis; foliolis petiolu- latis lanceolato-oblongis sinuato-lobatis; lobis obtusissimis; cat. ign.— Viti Levu, on the Namosi river (Seemann! n. 105).

This tree is slightly bitter, and in habit approaches nearest to Brucea Sumatrana, but the leaflets are more deeply divided than any of that widely-diffused species. The hair is of a brownish-yellow tinge, and in the full-grown leaflets more crowded on the midrib and lateral veins than any other part of the leaves. Leaves 1} feet long; leaflets about 3 inches long, 9 lines broad.* os

* Picrasma Denhamii, (sp. nov.) Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; arbuscula ; foliis trifoliolatis (v. imparipinnatis ?), foliolis petiolulatis ovatis utrinque acuminatis glabris; floribus subracemosim panicu- latis petiolo communi vix longioribus; pedunculis pedicellis calycibus bracteis bracteolisque puberulis; floribus 4-meris hermaphroditis (v. polygamis?); petalis oblongis obtusis 1-nerviis pellucido-punctatis ; filamentis glabris.—In woods, Aneitum, New Hebrides; collected, in Captain Denham's Expedition, by Mr. M‘Gillivray !—Petioles 23-8 inches long, the petiolule of the central leaflet twice the length of that of „the lateral ones. Blade of central leaflet (the largest) 44-5 inches long, 2-2} inches broad. Flowers small, white. Bentham and Hooker f., Genera Plant. p. 311, distinguish Picrasma from Picrena by its hairy filaments; but that distinction breaks down in the present species, which agrees in every other important generic character with P. Javanica, so well described and figured in Bennett’s Plant. Jav. p. 197. t. 41. Miquel (Fl. N. Ind.) unites the two genera.

C» F

-

34 FLORA VITIENSIS.

II. Amaroria, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 356. t. 40; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 314. Flores monoici v. dioici. Fl. 4: Sepala 6, an semper? © Petala 0. Discus carnosus, profunde 5-fidus, lobis 2-fidis. Stamina numero sepalis zequalia, iisdem opposita; antherz subsessiles. Fl. 9: Sepala 4-5, parva, persistentia. Petala 4-5, linearia, carinata, reflexo-patentia. Stamina rudimentaria, petalis duplo pluria, minima, sub disco incrassato 8-10-erenato inserta. Ovarium simplex, ovoideum, 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum, vertice stigmate sessili maximo depresso reniformi crasso obtectum ; ovulum sub apice loculi appensum, subanatropum. Drupa sicca, nuciformis, ovoidea, subcompressa, epicarpio tenui, putamine osseo. Semen loculum implens, amphitropum, exalbuminosum ; cotyledones ovales, planz; radicula brevissima, supera.—Arbor parva, amarissima; foliis alternis, longe petiolatis, 1- foliolatis, foliolis elongato-oblongis, integerrimis; panieulis racemosis axillaribus; floribus parvis.

l. A. soulameoides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 356. t. 40.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Storck! n. 880). P p

Storck’s specimens are in fruit only, showing the persistent female flowers, which are 5-merous. I should call the leaves 1-foliolate rather than simple, there being a distinct articulation.

The allied Soulamea amara, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 449; Endl. Ann. Wien. Mus. 1836, t. 16 (Cardophora. Hindsii, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. ii. p. 216), has not been collected in the Viti group, as stated in Bentham and Hooler’s Genera; Barclay (n. 3542) found it in New Ireland, as correctly stated by Bentham in the Journal quoted.

Suriana maritima, Linn. Spee. 284, has not yet been found in Viti, but it may be expected to occur, having been gathered in the Tongan (Harvey!) and Society Islands (Lay and Collie!) ; also in several small islands off New Caledonia (Forster! W. Anderson! Milne!), in the Dangerous Archipelago (Barclay !), and at Point Look-Out, East Australia (J. Banks !).

Onpo XX. OCHNACEZ.

I. Brackenridgea, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 361. t. 42; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 318 Sepala 5, persistentia, imbricata. Petala 5, calycem sequantia, decidua, imbricata. Torus crassus, conieus, elevatus. Stamina 10, margini disci inserta, filamentis brevibus; anther longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium profunde 5-partitum, 5-loculare; stylus basilaris, columnaris, 5-sulcatus, stigmate capitellato 5-lobo; ovula in loculis solitaria, circa processum (funiculum ?) subbasilarem curva, hippoerepica. Drupz 5, carnosæ, toro ampliato sessiles, intus ope processus basilaris spurie 4-loculares, endocarpio coriaceo. Semen annulare, testa membranacea ; embryo annularis, cotyle- donibus linearibus.—Frutices ramosi; foliis alternis petiolatis integerrimis, nervis tenuibus obliquis exterioribus margini subparallelis; stipulis laceris; pedunculis fasciculatis l-floris, axillaribus et terminalibus; floribus mediocribus.

1. B. nitida, A. Gray, l.c. p. 362. t. 42; glaberrima; foliis oblongis lanceolatisve nitidis.—

Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Macuata coast of the same island (See- mann! n. 93).

Orvo XXI. BURSERACEZE.

I. Canarium, Linn. Mant. 127; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p.324. Flores hermaphroditi v. polygami. Calyx urceolatus v. cupularis, 3-fidus (rarius 2- v. 5-fidus), valvatus, persistens. Petala | 3-4, rarius 5, crassiuscula, calyce longiora, valvata v. leviter imbricata. Discus annularis, crassius- culus, integer v. lobatus. Stamina 8-10, margini exteriori v. basi disci inserta, brevia, erecta v. incurva, filamentis liberis v. basi inter se et cum disco adhzrentibus. Ovarium ovoideum, 3- (rarius

FLORA VITIENSIS. 35

2—4-)loculare, stigmate sessili capitato 3-4-lobo; ovula in loculis 2. Drupa ovoidea v. ellipsoidea, siepe 3-gona, carne parca, putamine osseo abortu 1-loculari 1-spermo. Semen loculo conforme, testa membranacea ; cotyledones (interdum fissæ) contortuplicatz ; radicula brevis, recta, supera.— Arbores elatze, balsamifluz ; foliis amplis alternis exstipulatis v. pinnulis inferioribus sessilibus stipulæfor- mibus, imparipinnatis, rarissime 1—3-foliolatis, foliolis oppositis valde coriaceis integerrimis v. crenu- latis; paniculis axillaribus ramosis, ramulis robustis; floribus parvis v. mediocribus.

1. C. Vitiense, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 373; glaberrimum ; stipulis subulatis parvis caducis ; foliolis 5-7 oblongo-ellipticis utrinque obtusis nunc subacuminatis nitidis; paniculis parvifloris; pedi- cellis (semipollicaribus et ultra) clavatis; calycis lobis triangularibus acutis; drupa ellipsoidea ros- trata, vertice pilosa.—Mountains of the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 97). :

Var. B.t foliolis 5-9 sepius apice v. utrinque plus minus acuminatis. A. Gray, l. c.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Harvey collected an allied species (C. Harveyi, Seem. ; glaberrimum ; foliolis 6-7 ovato-oblongis acumi-

natis nitidis; panieulis paucifloris; laciniis calycis obtusis ; drupa ovoidea, glabra) in the Tongan Islands. *

Ordo XXII. MELIACEA.

I. Vavæa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. ii. p. 212; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 331. Calyx 4-7-fidus, persistens, leviter imbricatus. Petala 4-7, oblongo-ligulata, patentia, contorta. Tubus stamineus in lacinias 8-30 lineares villoso-barbatas fissus, basi cum disco carnoso confluens; anthere muticz, exserte. Discus cylindricus. Ovarium ovoideum v. globosum, hirsutum, 3—4-locu- lare, in stylum gracilem attenuatum, stigmate capitato 3—4-lobulato; ovula in loculis 2, collateralia. Bacca globosa, indehiscens, 3-4-locularis, loculis 1—2-spermis. Semina ovalia, adscendentia, exaril- lata, testa levi, hilo lineari; cotyledones plano-convexz, cordate; radicula gracilis, retracta.— Arbores; foliis simplicibus alternis petiolatis; floribus parvis corymbosis, corymbis longe peduncu- latis, pedicellis basi bracteolatis ; bacca globosa.

I have not seen Fijian specimens of the species upon which this genus was founded (V. amicorum, Benth.), and I believe that it 1s confined to the Tongan or Friendly Islands, where it was first collected by Forster, though not named by him, and subsequently by Barclay and other collectors. Two additional new species occur in the Vitian Islands, and it is very probable that they were known to A. Gray, whose analysis of Vavea amicorum must be referred to my V. Harveyi ; whilst the flowering branch he figures on Plate 16 of Wilkes's Botany, agrees with Forster’s Tongan specimens. Barclay’s specimens of V. amicorum, from the same locality, have smaller leaves, though they do not differ in any other respect.

1, V. Harveyi, (sp. nov.) Seem.; foliis obovatis acuminatis in petiolum angustatis integer- rimis, supra demum glabris, subtus villosis ; laciniis calycis ovato-triangularibus acutis pubescentibus ; petalis ovato-oblongis acuminatis v. acutis villosiusculis; filamentis (12-14) versum apicem attenuatis, extus glabris, intus villosis; ovario villoso.— Viti (probably Vanua Levu), Harvey! in Herb. Hook.

Leaves 5-8 inches long, 4 inches broad. A much more robust-looking plant than either V. amicorum or Vitiensis.

2. V. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; ramis glabris; foliis obovatis acutis v. obtuse acuminatis, in petiolum attenuatis, utrinque glabris, subtus subglaucis; pedunculis pedicellisque glabris, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, laciniis calycis ovato-triangularibus aeutis mox glabratis; petalis oblongo-ligulatis obtusis extus intusque sericeo-puberulis; filamentis utrinque villosis; ovario villoso.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 63).

This is a middle-sized tree, with smaller and more membranaceous leaves than V. Harveyi. Petiole

T2

36 FLORA VITIENSIS.

1-1} inch long. Blade 3-4 inches long, 11-2 inches broad, with from 5-6 veins on each side of the midrib. Flowers white. Most of my specimens are in bud only.

In V. amicorum the leaves are more or less clad with hair, but they never retain it on the under side, as is the case in V. Harveyi, nor are they ever as giabrous and almost pruinose as those of V. Vitiensis ; the ealyx is villose, and the petals obtuse. I have no doubt that when we get more complete materials, these three species will be found to be quite sound.

II. Melia, Linn. Gen. n. 576; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 332. Calyx 5-6-partitus, im- bricatus. Petala 5-6, libera, lineari-spathulata, patentia, contorta. Tubus stamineus subcylin- dricus, ore dilatato 10-12-fido, lobis 2—3-fidis; anthere 10-12, incluse, erectz, vix apiculatze. Discus annularis. Ovarium subglobosum, 3—6-loculare; stylus gracilis, stigmate capitato 3—6-lobo, deciduo; ovula in loculis 2, superposita. Drupa subcarnosa, putamine osseo 1—5-loculari, loculis l-spermis. Semina pendula, testa crustacea, albumine carnoso parco v. 0; cotyledones foliacez ; radicula teres.— Arbores, ramulis cicatricosis; foliis alternis, pinnatis v. 2—3-pinnatis, novellis et inflorescentia sspe stellato-tomentosis, foliolis petiolulatis dentatis v. serratis; paniculis axillaribus amplis ramosissimis, oo-floris; floribus mediocribus, albis v. purpureis.— Azadirachta, A. Juss. Mel. 68.

1. M. (?) elegans, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arborea; ramulis angulatis verrucosis; foliis alternis 2- pinnatis villosis demum (petiolis petiolulis venisque foliolorum exceptis) glabratis, foliolis petiolulatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis duplicato-serratis coriaceis, supra lucidis viridibus, subtus opacis palli- dioribus; cct. ign.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 64).

A tree 24 feet high, having somewhat the habit of M. Azedarach, and not referable to any other genus with which I am acquainted. 1t is a much more elegant and robust species than that just mentioned. Leaves, when young, villous, afterwards more or less glabrous, from 1-14 foot long, the pinne with 10-12 leaflets; leaflets 13 inch long, 4-5 lines broad. The general petiole and rachis with 3 deep furrows, one above, and two below. When collecting my specimens, the tree was just beginning to make new leaf, and had no flowers.

III. Dysoxylum, Blum. Bijdr. 172; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 332. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx brevis, 4—5-fidus -dentatus v. -partitus, imbricatus. Petala 4-5, lineari-oblonga, patentia, basi interdum cum tubo stamineo agglutinata, valvata. "Tubus stamineus cylindricus, ore 8-10-den- tato; antherze 8-10, incluse. Discus tubulosus, ore crenulato v. integerrimo glabro v. ciliato, ova- rium sepissime vaginans et superans. Ovarium ovoideum v. oblongum, 3-5-loculare; stylus gracilis, stigmate capitato discoideo; ovula in loculis 2, superposita v. collateralia, rarius solitaria. Capsula crasse coriacea, globosa v. pyriformis, 1-5-locularis, loculicide 2—5-valvis, valvis medio septiferis loculis 1-2-spermis. Semina arillata v. exarillata, oblonga, hilo lato ventrali, testa castanea coriacea ; cotyledones maxime, superposit v. collaterales, plumula centrali v. laterali.—Arbores glabra, sepe - foetidee, odore nunc alliaceo; foliis amplis, abrupte v. imparipinnatis, foliolis petiolulatis basi obli- quis; 'paniculis axillaribus, laxis; floribus mediocribus, bracteatis v. ebracteatis, alabastris sspe elongatis.—Hartighsea, A. Juss. Mem. Mel. 75, t. 4. Didymochiton, Blum. Bijdr. 177.

1. D. (Hartighsea) alliaceum, Seem.; glabratum; foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis 7-19 petio- latis szepe alternis oblongis v. lanceolato-oblongis subacuminatis basi rotundato-insquilateris ; pani- culis compositis thyrsoideis racemifloris; floribus siepe 4-meris; columna staminea et disco glabro tubulari minutissime crenulatis; ovario 3—4-loculari, villoso.— Didymochiton Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 240. t. 20. Trichilia alliacea, Forst. Prodr. n. 189, et Icon. ined. t. 133. Hartighsea Forsteri, A. Juss. Mem. Mel. 265.— Bua Bay, (Vanua Levu), Taviuni and Nukulau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Previously collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster! Barelay !).

Judging from the materials existing at the British Museum, Forster's Trichilia alliacea does not differ from A. Gray’s Didymochiton Richit.

FLORA VITIENSIS. S

2. D. (Hartighsea) bijugum, Seem.; glabrum; foliis paripinnatis 2- v. rarissime 3—-4-jugis, foliolis vix petiolulatis semper oppositis, elliptico-oblongis v. ovatis, luteo-viridibus, marginibus stra- mineis, tenuissime undulatis; paniculis folio brevioribus; floribus 5-meris, columna staminea et disco glabro cyathiformi minutissime crenulatis; ovario 3-loculari, glabro.— Trichilia bijuga, Labill. Austr. Caled. p. 54. t. 54. Hartighsea Billardieri, A. Juss. Mem. Mus. Par. vol. xix. p. 228.— Banks of the Namosi River, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 104). Also collected in New Caledonia (La- billardiére, Viellard ! n. 267).

My specimens, referred to Zanthoxylum in my provisional list, are rather indifferent; but, as far as they go, they agree with specimens from New Caledonia. :

IV. Aglaia, Lour. Fl. Cochiu. 173; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 334; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p.382. Flores polygamo-dioici. Calyx 5-dentatus v. 5-partitus, imbricatus. Petala 5, libera v. - basi connata, conniventia, imbricata. "Tubus stamineus urceolatus, apice 5-dentatus v. integerrimus ; anther 5, incluse v. semiexsertz, erectze, cordate, acute. Discus inconspicuus. Ovarium ovatum, 1-2-loculare; stylus crassus, brevissimus, stigmate disciformi v. clavato simplici v. 2-lobo stylo vix latiore; ovula 1-2, ab axi loculi pendula. Bacca corticata, exsucca, 1-2-sperma. Semina exarillata, in pulpa nidulantia.— Arbores v. frutices glaberrime v. lepidotz v. stellatim pubescentes; foliis alternis 3-foliolatis v. imparipinnatis, foliolis alternis v. oppositis, basi sepe obliquis, interdum pellu- cido-punctatis; paniculis axillaribus multifloris; floribus parvis v. minimis.—Mi/nea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 637. Nemedra, Juss. Mem. Mel. 71. t. 3. -

1. A. multijuga, (sp. nov.) Seem.; foliis amplis glabris 15—17-foliolatis, foliolis subfalcato- oblongis obtusis v. obtuse acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis; paniculis amplis (3—4 ped. long.) ; flo- ribus glomeratis sessilibus; petalis rotundatis ciliatis imbricatis.—Nomen vernac. ** Danidani loa,” teste Storck.—Island of Wakaia (Storck! n. 874).

Entire leaf 3-4 feet long; leaflets 8-9 inches long, 2-2} inches broad, quite glabrous, without any pellucid dots, not shining, of a pale-green colour, and with from 12-15 veins on each side of the midrib. The flowers of Storck's specimens are in bud only. Fruit unknown.

2. A. edulis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 237; fcliis paniculisque ferrugineo-tomentosis, demum glabratis, foliolis 7-13 petiolulatis oblongo-ellipticis v. ovatis, apice acuminatis v. obtusis, basi atte- nuatis v. rotundatis; floribus pedicellatis; bacca ferrugineo-tomentosa.—Milnea edulis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 637, et ed. Wall. vol. ii. p. 430. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Danidani loa."—Com- . mon throughout the lower parts of all the Viti Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped. ; Seemann! n. 59 et 60). Also found in the East Indies.

3. A. basiphylla, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 237; ramulis junioribus petiolis costisque subtus pube rufa furfuraceo-hirsutis ; foliolis 5—7 elongato-oblongis membranaceis petiolulatis, infimis mino- ribus sepissime imæ basi petioli adproximatis; floribus axillaribus glomeratis subsessilibus; bacca (immatura) cylindracea v. clavata ferrugineo-tomentosa.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

V. Carapa, Aubl. Pl. Gui. Suppl. 33. t. 387; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 338. -Calyx brevis, 4—5-fidus v. -partitus, imbricatus. Petala 4—5, libera, reflexa, contorta. Tubus stamineus urceolatus, 8-10-dentatus v. -fidus, laciniis integris v. 2-partitis; antherz dentibus alternz, incluse. Discus crassus, hemisphzricus. Ovarium in disco sessile, 4-5-costatum v. -suleatum, 4—5-loculare; stylus brevis, stigmate disciformi; ovula in loculis 2-6, 2-seriatim superposita. Capsula spherica v. ovoidea, = carnosa v. lignosa, 1-5-locularis, septis tenuissimis nunc evanidis, loculis 2—5-spermis. Semina magna, crassa, circa axeos centralis reliquias in globum compacta, pyramidato-angulata, dorso con- vexa, umbilico ventrali, testa spongiosa; cotyledones superpositz, szpe conferruminate; radicula dorsalis.—Arbores plerumque littorales, glaberrimze; foliis impari- v. abrupte pinnatis, foliolis paucis

38 FLORA VITIENSIS.

v. numerosis ; paniculis axillaribus, multifloris v. paucifloris ; floribus inconspicuis.—Xylocarpus, Keen. ex A. Juss. Mem. Mel. 91. t. 9.

1. C. Moluccensis, Lam. Blum. Bijdr. p. 179; fo'iolis 2-jugis ovato-acuminatis v. subrotun- datis.— Xylocarpus granatum, Keen, ap. Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 240. Granatum littoreum, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 92. t. 61. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Dabi."—Common on the beaches throughout the group (Seemann! n. 61; U. S. Expl. Exped.). >

The leaves of my specimens agree with the lower rather than with the upper branch of Rumphius’s Plate.

2. C. obovata, Blum. Bijdr. p. 179; foliolis 1-2-jugis obovatis v. oblongis apice obtusissimis v. retusis.—Xylocarpus obovatus, A. Juss. Mem. Mel. p. 344.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Dabi."— Common in mangrove swamps throughout the group (Seemann! n. 62; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also found at Endeavour River, Australia (Sir J. Banks!) and Java (Horsfield !).

I am not quite prepared to unite these two species. What I take to be C. Moluccensis always grows on dry sandy beaches, and has a very different aspect to C. obovata, which is invariably found in mangrove swamps. Not all Carapas are littoral trees. I lately found, in the mountain forests of the Tocuyo district, Venezuela, far away from the sea, a tall species of this genus,

Orvo XXIII. CHAILLETIACEZE.

I. Chailletia, DC. in Ann. Mus. 17. 153 cum icon. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 341. Flores interdum polygami v. dioici. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis inæqualibus v. subæqualibus. Petala 5, libera, late unguiculata, apice longe inflexo 2-partito v. 2-fido, æstivatione sæpe aperta. Stamina 5, æqualia, filamentis gracilibus v. crassiusculis; antheræ late oblongæ, connectivo plus minus incrassato. Glandulæ hypogynæ 5, petalis oppositæ, distinctæ v. in discum sinuatum connatæ. Ovarium liberum, subglobosum, 2—3-loculare; styli 1-3, liberi v. connati, breves v. elongati et graciles, apice stigma- tosi. Drupa coriacea, exsucca, putamine 1-2-loculari erustaceo v. osseo.—Arbuscule et frutices, erectz v. scandentes, glabre v. pubescentes; foliis alternis, breviter petiolatis, coriaceis venosis inte- gerrimis ; stipulis 2, caducis; cymis v. corymbis axillaribus, seepe multifloris, pubescentibus v. tomen- tosis, pedunculo brevi v. elongato libero v. cum petiolo connato et quasi foliifero; floribus parvis, sepe albis, sepalis intus glabris. ;

l. C. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 434; arborea; ramulis petiolis pedun- ` culis calycibusque ferrugineo-tomentosis; foliis oblongis v. ovatis acuminatis basi obliquis, supra glabris lucidis, subtus ad costas venasque tomentosis, mox glabratis; cymis axillaribus; floribus dioicis, masculis: calycis laciniis oblongis acutis; petalis ovatis apice inflexis, 2-fidis, extus pilosis; foemineis ignotis.—Ovalau (Storck! n. 876), Gau, in woods (Milne !).

Orvo XXIV. OLACINEZE.

I. Ximenia, Linn. Gen. n. 477 ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 346. Calyx parvus, 4—5-dentatus v. lobatus, fructifer immutatus. Petala 4-5, hypogyna, valvata, angusta, intus barbata. Stamina petalis duplo plura, filamentis filiformibus; antherze lineares, erectæ, integra, rimis oppositis dehis- centes. Ovarium basi v. altius 3-loculare; stylus integer, stigmate subcapitato; ovula 3, linearia, a placenta centrali superne libera v. uno latere parieti affixa, intra loculos pendula. Drupa ovoidea v. globosa, carne pulposa, putamine crustaceo v. sublignoso. Semen spurie erectum ; embryo intra apicem albuminis carnosi minimus.—Frutices v. arbores glabrz v. tomentose, ramulis abortienti-

-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 39

spinescentibus sspe armatz; folis alternis integerrimis subcoriaceis, swpe fasciculatis ; floribus albidis, in cymas breves axillares dispositis v. rarius solitariis—Heymassoli, Aubl. Guian. 324. t. 125.

l. X. elliptica, Forst. Prodr. n. 162, et Icon. (ined.) t. 113; fruticosa, inermis; foliis ellipticis v. oblongis; pedunculis multifloris; drupis (aurantiacis) globosis.—Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 37. —X. exarmata, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. vol. iii. p. 22. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Somisomi, Sosomi, Tomitomi, et Tumitumi."—Common on the seaside (Seemann! n. 88; Barclay ! n. 3462). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster! Anderson!), Java (Horsfield !), N. Australia, Abyssinia (Hochstetter !), and Rio de Janeiro (Miers !).

Bentham may possibly be correct in uniting this species with the thorny X. Americana, Linn., but all the Polynesian specimens I and others have seen are unarmed, and they are thus described and figured by Forster and Labillardiére. In collecting my specimens I did not notice the fragrance so powerful in X. Americana, which I gathered on the Isthmus of Panama.

X. elliptica, termed * Somisomi," ** Sosomi," * Tomitomi," or * Tumitumi " in the different dialects of Viti, is a seaside shrub, about 12 feet high, with perfectly spherical fruits, which emit, especially whilst green, a most powerful smell of essential oil of almonds, and, when ripe, they are orange-coloured, and have a tart, though not a disagreeable flavour. The natives show a partiality for it in common with the wild pigeons, which flock to it in numbers. The wood. of the shrub is very hard, and used for making those peculiar pillows (Kali) of the country which the Fijians doubtless invented to prevent the derangement of their enormously large heads of hair, eurled and dressed as they are with infinite care.

Orpo XXV. ICACINEZE.

I. Stemonurus, Blum. Bijdr. 648. Flores hermaphroditi v. polygami. Calyx cupulatus, minute 4—5-dentatus v. 5-lobus. Petala 4—5, disco hypogyno brevissimo inserta, valvata. Stamina 5, hypogyna, petalis alterna iisque basi coherentia, filamentis apice pilosis; antherz ab apice fila- menti introrsum pendule. Ovarium 1-loculare; stigma subsessile, late discoideum v. minutum; ovula 2, pendula. Drupa oblonga, putamine crustaceo. Semen pendulum; embryo intra apicem albuminis carnosi indivisi parvus.—Arbores glabre v. pubescentes; foliis integerrimis, subcoriaceis ; floribus capitato-cymosis; cymis axillaribus supra-axillaribus lateralibusve.—Lasianthera, P. de Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. vol. i. p. 85. t. 51. Gomphandra, Wall. in Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. vol. ii. p. 489; Miers, Contrib. t. 13 ad 15. Medusanthera, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 74.

1. S. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XIL); subglabra; ramis pendulis; foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis longe acuminatis; cymis axillaribus 2-3-chotomis, bracteolis minutis; floribus her- maphroditis; calyce cupuliformi, 5-dentato, ciliolato; petalis obovatis (albis) incurvis; filamentis compressis, apice ad latus interius in ramos 8 longissimos clavatos dilatatis; ovario ovato-conico ; cet. ign.— Medusanthera Vitiensis, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864. p. 74. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Duvu,” fide Storck.— Bureta, Island of Ovalau (Storck! n. 877).

A middle-sized tree, with terete, pendulous branches. Leaves 3 inches long, 1 inch broad; petiole 4 of an inch long. Peduncles longer than the petiole. Pedicels with minute hair. Flowers small. Fila- ments compressed, widening towards the top; branches (or hair) twice as long as the anthers. Petals glabrous, almost cucullate at the apex, and without apparent veins.

EXPLANATION oF Pirate XII.—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, the same opened; 3, stamen; 4, ovary :— all magnified.

Orvo XXVI. ILICINEA.

I. Mex, Linn. Gen. n. 172; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 356. Flores sepius hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus, persistens, 4—5-fidus. Corolla rotata, 4- rarius 5-6-partita, laciniis obtusis. Stamina

40 FLORA VITIENSIS.

lobis corollze isomera, tubo brevi ejus leviter adhzrentia; anthere oblonge. Ovarium sessile, sub- globosum, 4—6- rarius 7-8-loculare; stylus O v. brevis, crassus, stigmatibus tot quot ovarii loculi dis- tinctis v. confluentibus; ovula in loculis 1-2, collateralia. Drupa globosa, 4—8-pyrena, pyrenis osseis v. crustaceis.—A rbores v. frutices; foliis alternis, sepe nitidis, integerrimis v. rarius dentatis v. spinosis; pedunculis axillaribus, paucifloris v. sepius ramosis; floribus albis.—Prinos, Linn. Gen. n. 441.

l. I. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 295. t. 25; foliis ovalibus subacuminatis integer- rimis tenuiter coriaceis; floribus abortu dioicis in cymulas breviter pedunculatas dispositis, masculis 4—6-meris, foemineis sepissime 8-meris; pyrenis 8 dorso profunde sulcatis.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U: S. Expl. Exped.), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 87). Also collected in Viti by Harvey.

Orvo XXVII. CELASTRINEZE. I. Celastrus, Linn. Gen. n. 270; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 364. Flores interdum unisexuales.

Calyx basi urceolatus, 5-fidus. Petala 5, sub disco inserta, apice patentia. Stamina 5, disci sinub M. inserta, filamentis subulatis; antherz oblong. Discus cupularis v. concavus, 5-lobus. Ovarium | disco impositum (nec immersum), 2—4-lobum, 2—4-loculare (interdum imperfecte); stylus brevis crassus v. subelongatus, stigmate 3—4-lobo; ovula e basi loculi 2, collateralia, erecta, funiculo b 4 cupulzformi. Capsula teres globosa v. oblonga, coriacea, 2—4-locularis, loculicide dehiscens, loculis ` 1-2-spermis, valvis 3-4 medio septiferis. Semina erecta, arillo carnoso apice pervio inclusa, testa membranacea, albumine copioso carnoso ; embryo orthotropus, cotyledonibus foliaceis, radicula infera. —Frutices szpissime scandentes, inermes; foliis alternis submembranaceis petiolatis, integerrimis v. serratis; stipulis inconspicuis; racemis v. paniculis axillaribus et terminalibus; floribus inter minores, pedicellis bracteatis.

1. C. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 289; inermis, glaberrimus; folis oblongis utrinque subacutis crenulatis supra lucidis brevissime petiolatis; racemo terminali paucifloro.—Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Allied to C. paniculatus of the East Indies, according to A. Gray ; it has not been seen by me.

II. Gymnosporia, Wight et Arn. Prodr. vol. i. p. 159; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 365. Calyx 4—5-fidus v. 4—5-partitus. Petala 4—5, sessilia, patentia. Stamina 4-5, sub disco inserta, filamentis subulatis; antherz late didymz. Discus late explanatus, 4—5-lobus v. 4—5-sinuatus. Ovarium sepissime basi lata cum ovario confluens, 3-gonum v. pyramidatum, 2—3-loculare; stylus brevis, stigmatibus 3; ovula in basi loculi 2, erecta, funiculis basi nudis. Capsula obovata v. rarius globosa, 3-gona, 2-3-locularis, 1-4-sperma. Semina arillo completo v. imperfecto interdum 0, e septo loculi erecta, testa coriacea, albumine carnoso ; cotyledones foliaceze.—Arbusculz et frutices rigidi, ssepius spinosi; foliis alternis v. fasciculatis, szepissime obovatis, coriaceis, integerrimis v. ser- ratis, exstipulatis ; cymis axillaribus, solitariis v. fasciculatis, interdum gracile pedunculatis; floribus parvis, viridibus v. flavescentibus.—Catha, Endl. Gen. n. 1086. `

1. G. Vitiensis, Seem. ; inermis; foliis ovalibus v. obovatis crenulatis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis; cymis brevibus multifloris; calycis lobis fimbriato-ciliatis; petalis denticulatis; capillis inter stamina nullis; capsula subglobosa; seminibus ovalibus, basi arillo carunculseformi glabro sti- patis.—Catha Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 287. t. 23. Celastrus crenatus, Hook. et Arn. Beech. p. 61, non Forst.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and other parts of the group; common

FLORA VITIENSIS: 41

(Seemann! n. 86; Milne!). Also collected in the Society (Lay and Collie!) and Tongan Islands (D. Nelson! Sir E. Home! Barclay! Harvey !).* :

Orvo XXVIII. RHAMNEÆ.

I. Ventilago, Gærtn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 223. t. 49; Benth. et Hook f. Gen. p. 375. Calyx 5-fidus, tubo obconiċo, lobis patentibus acutis intus carinatis. Petala 5, deltoidea obcordata v. 2- loba, cucullata, deflexa. Stamina 5, basi petalis adnata, iis paulo longiora, filamentis filiformi-subu- latis, connectivo sæpissime excurrente. . Discus 5-gonus, nudus v. pubescens, margine plano libero. Ovarium disco immersum, subglobosum, 2-loculare; stylus brevissimus, compressus, stigmatibus 2 brevibus. Nux subglobosa, basi v. supra medium tubo calycis inclusa, superne in alam linearem coriaceam expansa, l-locularis, l-sperma. Semen subglobosum, testa membranacea, albumine 0; cotyledones crassze, carnose ; radicula brevissima, infera.—Frutices scandentes, glabri v. pubescentes, ramis. teretibus; foliis subdistiche alternis, petiolatis, ovatis v. oblongis, acutis, basi obliquis; sti- pulis minutissimis, caducis; paniculis terminalibus et axillaribus, solitariis v. ternis; floribus parvis, in ramulos fasciculatis, minutissime bracteolatis. : 1. V. C) Vitiensis, A Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 274; glaberrima; folis ovato- v. lanceolato- oblongis, obtuse v. longiuscule acuminatis nitidis venulis tenuibus transversis eximie reticulatis ; floribus longiuscule pedicellatis; fruct. ign.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vere," teste Williams.— Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Bua Bay (Williams !).

II. Smythea, (gen. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, 1861, p. 255; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 375. Calyx tubo obconico, lobis 5 patentibus. Petala 5, cucullata, late emarginata v. 2-loba. Stamina 5, petalis non occlusa, filamentis incurvis; antherz mutice, didym:e, rimis non confluentibus. Discus 5-gonus, planiusculus. Ovarium semi-inferum, 2-loculare; styli 2, recurvi. Capsula ovato-lanceo- lata, compressa, exalata, crasse crustacea, ima basi calycis tubo suffulta, secus lineam mediam dehis- cens, 2-valvis, l-locularis, 1-sperma. Semen magnum, compressum, exalbuminosum.—Frutex sub- scandens, habitu foliisque Ventilaginis, ramulis teretibus flexuosis, ultimis floribusque puberulis ; foliis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis dentatis; floribus fasciculatis pedicellatis, fasciculis axilla- ribus v. secus ramulos terminales laxe paniculatis; capsulis uncialibus puberulis.

Closely allied to Fentilago, from which it differs by its dehiscent capsule, and named in honour of Colonel Smythe, R.A. At present we know only one species, S. Pacifica, but it is possible that Ventilago (7) Vitiensis, of which the fruit is unknown, may prove to be a second species.

1. S. Pacifica, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 255, et vol. x. p. 69. t. 9 (Tab. XI.).—On the sea-beach growing with Colubrina Asiatica, Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 79), Ovalau (Milne !).

ExPLANATION OF PLATE XI.—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, a petal; 3, ovary and style; 4, the same, eut vertically; 5, cross-section of ovary; 6, an ovule; 7, capsule; 8, the same, open; 9, a seed :—al/ magnified. -

III. Rhamnus, Linn. Gen. n. 265 (excl. Zizypho et Paliuro) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 377. Flores hermaphroditi v. polygamo-dioici. Calyx 4—5-fidus, tubo urceolato, lobis 3-angulari-ovatis, erectis v. patentibus, intus carinatis. Petala 4—5 v. 0, margini disci longe supra ovarium inserta, eucullata v. plana. Stamina 4-5, filamentis brevissimis. Discus tubum calycis vestiens, margine

* Celastrus crenatus, Forst. Prodr. n. 113, et Icon. (ined.) t. 63 et 64; Guill Zeph. Tait. p. 69. Catha crenata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 288, must rank as Gymnosporia crenata, Seemann. Forster and Barclay collected it in the Marquesas; but it has not been found in the Society Islands. A third Polyne- sian species of Gymnosporia was found in and off New Caledonia (Vieillard! n. 223; Milne! M‘Gillivray!).

; G

42 FLORA VITIENSIS,

tenui. Ovarium liberum, ovoideum, basi calycis reconditum, 9—4-loculare, in stylum brevem elongatum 3-4-fidum attenuatum, stigmatibus obtusis papillosis. ^ Drupa baccata, oblonga v. spherica, basi tubo calycis parvo cincta, 2—4-pyrena, pyrenis osseis v. cartilagineis intus obscure dehiscentibus v. indehiscentibus. Semina obovata, testa membranacea v. crustacea levi v. dorso sulcata, raphe dorsali ventrali v. laterali, albumine carnoso; cotyledones plane v. margine recurve, radicula brevis.—Frutices v. arbores, foliis alternis (rarius suboppositis), petiolatis, deciduis v. sem- pervirentibus, penninerviis, integerrimis v. dentatis; stipulis parvis, deciduis; floribus axillaribus, racemosis v. cymosis ; cymis fasciculatis.

l. R. () Vitiensis, Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 413; fruticosus, subglaber; foliis ovatis v. ovali-oblongis, breviter acuminatis, integerrimis v. serrato-crenatis, utrinque viridibus, membranaceis ; floribus axillaribus fasciculatis; calycis tubo late hemisphzerico, lobis triangularibus ; petalis invo- lutis stamina includentibus; disco concavo, cupuliformi, margine libero; ovario sessili, 2-loculari, in stylum attenuato ; drupa (immatura) obovato-oblonga,— Colubrina Vitiensis, Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 434.— Sea-beach on the southern side of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 85). Also collected in Queensland, at Cape York (M‘Gillivray !). |

Until good ripe fruit shall have been collected, the genus of this plant must remain doubtful.

IV. Colubrina, L. C. Rich. ex Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. x. p. 968. t. 15. fig. 3; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 379. Calyx 5-fidus, tubo hemispheerico, lobis patentibus 3-angulari-ovatis accre- tis. Petala 5, infra discum inserta, unguiculata, cucullata. Stamina 5, petalis inclusa, filamentis filiformibus. Discus crassus, tubum calycis implens, annularis, 5-gonus v. 5-10-lobus. Ovarium disco immersum et cum eo confluens, subglobosum, 3-loculare, in stylum 3-fidum v. 3-partitum atte- nuatum, stigmatibus obtusis papillosis. Drupa subglobosa, obscure 3-loba, infra medium tubo calycis cincta, 3-cocca, sepe demum capsularis et loculicide dehiscens, epicarpio sicco tenui v. subcarnoso, coccis membranaceis crustaceis v. cartilagineis intus longitudinaliter dehiscentibus v. demum 2-valvi- bus. Semina late obovoidea, compressa, 3-gona, testa levi nitida coriacea, albumine tenui carnoso ; cotyledones orbiculares, planze v. incurvse, tenues v, crassiuscule ; radicula brevis.— Frutices erecti v. sarmentosi, glabri v. pubescentes ; foliis alternis, petiolatis, oblongis cordatis v. lanceolatis, penni- nerviis v. basi 3-nerviis, integerrimis v. serratis; stipulis parvis, deciduis ;*floribus axillaribus, cymosis v. fasciculatis, flavis v. virescentibus; drupis spe atris, pisiformibus. —

1. C. Asiatica, A. Brongn. Monogr. Rham. 62; glabra, inermis; foliis ovatis v. late cordatis acuminatis, crenato-serratis, 3-nerviis et penninerviis, lucidis; cymis breviter pedunculatis plerumque petiolo brevioribus.— Ceanothus Asiaticus, Linn. Sp. 284; Cav. Icon. vol. v. t. 440. fig. 1. Ceano- thus capsularis, Forst. Prodr. n. 112. Rhamnus levigatus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Pac. p. 236, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 31 (ined). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vuso levu ;" Tahitense, “ Tutu.” —Common on the seaside throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 80). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Sandwich (Nuttall !), and Society Islands (Banks ! Barclay !), and in Eromanga (M‘Gil- livray !) and Queensland (M‘Gillivray !).

I was told that the natives use the leaves of this shrub for washing their hair, to clean it and destroy the vermin; hence, probably, the native name “Vuso” (foam, froth, soap) and “ Leyu” (great, much). `

V. Alphitonia, Reiss. in Endl. Gen. n. 1098; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 381. Flores her- maphroditi. Calyx 5-fidus, tubus late obconieus, lobis 3-angulari-ovatis acutis patentibus intus cari- natis. Petala sub disco inserta, subelongata, involuta. Stamina 5, filamentis filiformibus, petalis involuta. Discus crassus, pilosus, tubum calycis implens, 5-gonus. Ovarium disco immersum et cum eo confluens, 2-3-lobum, 2-3-loculare, in stylum 2-3-fidum attenuatum, stigmatibus obtusis.

FLORA VITIENSIS. | 43

Drupa globosa v. late ovoidea, infra medium calycis tubo annulata, atra, 2-3-pyrena, epicarpio sub- eroso sicco pulvere atro rubro farcto, pyrenis lignosis v. crasse crustaceis intus longitudinaliter dehis- centibus. Semina late oblonga, compressa, plano-convexa, arillo membranaceo laxo fragili apice pervio induta, testa cornea coriacea v. ossea nitida, albumine cartilagineo v. carnoso; cotyledones orbieulate, crassiuscule, plane; radicula brevis.—A rbor interdum procera; ramulis ferrugineo- tomentosis; foliis alternis, petiolatis, ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis, integerrimis, parallele penniner- viis, venulis crebris striolatis, subtus incanis, superne sicco atris; stipulis parvis, deciduis; cymis axillaribus et terminalibus; floribus albidis; drupis majusculis.

l. A. excelsa, Heiss. in Endl. Gen. n. 1098.— A. zizyphoides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 278. t. 22. A. franguloides, A. Gray, l.c. p. 280. t. 22. Colubrina excelsa, Fenzl in Huegel, Enum. 20, Zizyphus pomaderroides, Fenzl in Huegel, Enum. 20. Rhamnus zizyphoides, Sol. in Ferst. Prodr. n. 510 (absque char.) ; Spreng. Syst. vol. i. p. 768; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 27. Ceanothus dealbatus, Dryand. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Zizyphoides argentea, Sol. Prim. Fl. Pacif. p. 378, et in Parkins, Drawings of Tahit. Plant. t. 121 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Doi;" Tahitense, “ Toi."— Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 81; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Society, Tongan, and Samoan Islands, in New Caledonia (Sir E. Home!), the East coast of New Holland (Sir J. Banks !), and Borneo. :

À very common and variable species, often attaining a considerable height, and yielding useful timber. In Viti it is known by the name of “Doi” (= “Toi” of Tahiti), and flowers about May, and hence that month, or the time thereabouts, is termed the “ Vula i doi,” or * Doi-moon." ;

VI. Gouania, Linn. Gen. n. 1157; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen: p. 385. Flores polygami. Calyx tubo brevi obconico cum ovario adhærente, lobis 5. Petala 5, infra marginem disci inserta, cucullata. Stamina 5, petalis occlusa; antheræ longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Discus glaber v. pilosus, epigynus et calycis tubum implens, 5-gonus, v. in cornua 5 productus. Ovarium disco immersum, 3-loculare ; stylus 3-partitus v. 3-fidus, stigmatibus minutis. Fructus coriaceus, inferus, calyce persistente coro- natus, 3-alatus, alis rotundatis amplis, intus 8-coccus, coccis sublignosis indehiscentibus ab axi 6-partito solutus. Semina plano-convexa, obovata, testa cornea nitida, albumine parco; cotyledones rotundate, planiuscule; radicula brevissima.—Frutices ssepe alte scandentes, cirrhiferi, glabri v. tomentosi, ramulis tenuibus elongatis; foliis alternis, petiolatis, integerrimis v. dentatis, penninerviis v. 9-plinerviis; stipulis oblongis, deciduis; floribus parvis, in spicas racemosve terminales et axillares dispositis, rhachibus in cirrhum szpe mutatis.— Retinaria, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 187. t. 120. f. 4.

1. G. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 282; ramulis puberulis glabratis; foliis glabris subcor- dato-oblongis acuminatis subdenticulatis; racemis elongatis; coccis orbiculatis utrinque emarginatis leviter alatis extus disco pilosulis.— Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 82).

My specimens are in fruit only, as were those collected by the United States Exploring Expedition. Until the flowers shall be known, it is best retained as a distinct species; but it looks to me very much like a variety of G. microcarpa, DC.

2. G. denticulata, Smith in Rees Encycl. 16. n. 4; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 39; foliis ovatis integris apice acuminatis, in acumine tenuiter dentatis, subtus ovatis hirsutis; racemis axillaribus, cirrhis terminalibus.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

Only an imperfect flowering specimen of this was collected by the United States Exploring Expedition.

.*

On the mountains of Namosi, Viti Levu, I collected the foliage of a large tree (n. 84), which I have provisionally referred to Rhamnee, because the habit is somewhat like that of the Order. I have not been able to find anything like it either at Kew or the British Museum.

G2

44 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orvo XXIX. AMPELIDEJE.

I. Vitis, Linn. Gen. n. 284; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 387. Calyx brevis, integer v. 4—5- dentatus v. -lobatus. Petala 4—5, libera v. apice calyptratim cohsrentia. Discus varius v. obsoletus. Stamina 4-5, infra marginem disci inserta; anther libere. Ovarium ovoideum v. subquadratum, 2-loculare (interdum imperfecte), rarissime 3-4-loculare; stylus 0 v. brevis, conicus v. subulatus; ovula in loculis 2. Bacca ovoidea v. globosa, 1—2-locularis, loculis 1-2-spermis.—Frutices cirrhosi, sarmentosi, spe scandentes; folis simplicibus v. compositis rarissime 2-pinnatis, foliolis integer- rimis serratis v. dentatis, nunc pellucido-punctatis; pedunculis oppositifoliis v. rarissime axillaribus, siepissime versus apices ramulorum sitis; floribus parvis, umbellatis cymosis paniculatis racemosis v.

spicatis, ebracteatis, non raro polygamis.—Cissus, Linn. Gen. n. 147. :

l. V. saponaria, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1859, p. 254; Mission to Viti, p. 484; A. Gray in Proceed. of Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 316; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 448; ramulis foliisque junioribus hirsuto-tomentosis ; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis late ovatis acuminatis integerrimis v. crenatis membra- naceis, penninerviis v. distincte 5-nerviis; cymis laxis divaricatis multifloris, longe pedunculatis ; floribus subglobosis; petalis 4; stylo conico; bacca depresso-globosa.—Cissus geniculata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 272, non Blum. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wa Roturotu."— Moturiki (Seemann ! n. 76), Bua, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Queensland (R. Brown! M‘Gil- livray !). :

A. Gray (Proceed. Amer. Acad.) identified my specimens with those collected in Viti by the United States Exploring Expedition, and with a mark of doubt referred by him to Cissus geniculata, Blum. The natives use this creeper for washing their hair to destroy the vermin. The stem, especially the thicker part, is cut in pieces from a foot to eighteen inches long, cooked on hot stones, and when thus rendered quite soft, it produces in water a rich lather almost equal to that of soap.

2. V. Vitiensis, Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 434; glabra; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatis subcarnosis ovatis seu ovalibus acuminatis dentato-serratis; cymis brevissime pedunculatis; bacca obovoidea.—Cissus Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 272.—Nomen vernac., teste T. Williams, “Wa Godro.”—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Williams !).

The flowers of this species are still unknown.

3. V. acuminata, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1859, p. 255; glabella; folis pedato-5-foliolatis nunc 3-foliolatis ; foliolis membranaceis ovatis seu ovali-oblongis basi acutis apice eximie acuminatis ingqualiter serratis; pedunculis gracilibus laxifloris; bacca ign.— Cissus acuminata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 273.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 77).

II. Leea, Linn. Mant. 124; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 388. Calyx 5-dentatus. Petala 5, basi inter se et cum tubo stamineo connata, revoluta. "Tubus stamineus conicus urceolatus v. subglo- bosus, subinteger v. 5-lobus v. 5-partitus, fauce nuda v. membrana annulari semiclausa, filamentis inter lobos tubi insertis introflexis; anthers v. liberz exsertz v. tubo incluse. Ovarium disco inser- tum, 3-6-loculare; stylus brevis, stigmate incrassato; ovula in loculis solitaria. Bacca 3—6-locularis. Semina erecta, testa dura, tegmine inter plicas v. rugas albuminis cartilaginei immerso ; embryo parvus, rectus v. lente curvus, cotyledonibus ovatis v. subfoliaceis, radicula conica.— Arbores parvee v. frutices, ramulis szepius striatis v. sulcatis rarissime aculeatis; foliis alternis pinnatis v. 2—3-pinnatis, foliolis integerrimis v. serratis, petiolis basi dilatatis vaginantibus stipulzeformibus ; pedunculis op- positifoliis, nunquam cirrhiferis, cymoso-decompositis; floribus parvis v. majusculis, rubris flavis v. viridibus.— Aquilicia, Linn. Mant. 211. Ottilia, Geertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 275. t. 57.

1. L. sambucina, Willd. Spec. Plant. vol. i. p. 1177; fruticosa, glabra; ramulis junioribus

FLORA VITIENSIS. 45

sepe sulcatis; foliis 2—3-pinnatis, foliolis ovatis, oblongo-ellipticis v. lanceolatis acuminatis, irregu- lariter crenatis; cymis amplis divaricatis, 3-chotomis, breviter pedunculatis; floribus breviter pedicel- latis; ovario 5-loculari; baccis parvis, depresso-globosis.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 451. L. sta- phylea, Roxb. W. et Arn. Prodr. p. 132; Wight, Ill. t. 58, et Icon. t. 78. ZL. Manillensis, Walp. Rel. Meyen. p. 314.—Ovalau and Vanua Levu, common (Seemann! n. 78).

Vitis vinifera, Linn., the Grape-vine, had just been introduced into Viti at the time of my visit. I saw it at Levuka, Ovalau, in the garden of the late Mr. Binner, where it was growing well, but it had at that time not produced any fruit. It is one of the popular botanical errors that the Grape-vine will not yield fruit in the lower coast region of the tropies. In 1864 I saw it at La Guaira, Venezuela, one of the hottest parts of the world, where it was growing well and producing abundant fruit.

L Orpo XXX. SAPINDACEA:.

I. Cardiospermum, Linn. Gen. n. 498; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 393, Flores irregulares, polygamo-dioici. Sepala 4, concava, late imbricata, 2 exteriora parva. Petala 4, per paria disposita, 2 majora squama magna, 2 minora squamula cristata aucta. Discus unilateralis, undulatus, in glan- dulas 2 petalis oppositas tumens. Stamina 8, excentrica, filamentis inzqualibus liberis v. basi con- natis, Ovarium sessile v. toro stipitatum, 3-loculare; stylus brevis, 3-fidus; ovula in loculis solitaria,

“a medio axi adscendentia. Capsula 3-gona, lobis globosis v. inflatis membranaceis venosis loculicide

dehiscentibus. Semina globosa, sepe basi arillata, testa crustacea; cotyledones magne, transverse conduplicate.— Herb:ze frutescentes, ramosissime, scandentes, ramis tenuibus sulcatis; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, biternatis v. decompositis, foliolis grosse crenatis v. serratis seepe pellucido-punctatis v. lineatis; racemis v. corymbis axillaribus; pedunculo communi 2-cirrhoso; floribus albis v. flavidis, pedicellis articulatis. 2

1. C. Halicacabum, Linn. Spec. 925 ; caule petiolis foliisque glabris v. pubescentibus ; foliis plerumque biternatim sectis, segmentis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis, serrato-incisis v. lobatis; pedun- eulis 2—3-cirrhosis; capsula pubescente apice compressa.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 453; A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 181; Wight, Icon. t. 508.—C. microcarpum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Amer. vol. v. p. 104. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Wa Niu.”—Common near the sea-beach, amongst Cocoa-nut Palms, whence probably the vernacular name “ Wa Niu,” or the cocoa-nut climber (Seemann! n. 65; Bar- clay! M‘Gillivray!). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster!), Sandwich Islands (Barclay !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !).

II. Cupania, Linn. Gen. n. 279; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 399. Flores regulares, polygamo- dioici. Sepala 4-5 (rarius 3-6), orbiculata, concava, late 2-seriatim imbricata. Petala 4-5 v. 0, nuda v. villosa v. 1—2-squamata, squamis membranaceis v. coriaceis glabris v. varie tectis, nunc petalis latioribus. Discus equalis, sepissime annularis v. tumidus, crenatus, glaber v. tomentosus. Stamina 8, rarius 5-6-10-12, disco intus inserta, centrica, filamentis sepius brevibus glabris v. villosis ; antheree ssepius inclusze, oblongze. Ovarium ovoideum, obovatum v. obcordatum, 2-3- rarius 4-loculare; stylus brevis v. elongatus, interdum 2-3-fidus, stigmate simplici v. lobato ; ovula in loculis solitaria, axi juxta basin affixa. Capsula obovata obcordata v. ovoidea, rarissime globosa, coriacea, subcarnosa, crustacea v. ossea, 2—4-loba, 2—4-locularis, 2—4-valvis, interdum secus axin 3- partibilis, lobis connatis v. fere liberis et divaricatis. Semina subglobosa v. oblonga, arillo plus minus tecta, rarius exarillata, testa coriacea v. crustacea ; embryo crassus, curvus, cotyledonibus plano-convexis, radicula infera.— Arbores v. frutices erecti, glabri, pubescentes v. tomentosi ; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, impari- v. abrupte pinnatis, foliolis alternis oppositisque sepius integerrimis ;

46. FLORA VITIENSIS.

floribus paniculatis v. racemosis sepius viridibus albis v. rufescentibus ; capsulz loculis intus glabris v. hispidis v. tomentosis.— Dimereza, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 51.

l. C. rhoifolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 254; foliis 8-12-foliolatis glabris, foliolis oblongo- lanceolatis subacuminatis basi sepius acutis subtus glaucescentibus ; paniculis puberulis laxifloris ; petalis orbiculatis exunguiculatis intus squamula bipartita villoso-barbata auctis; filamentis inferne pilosis; capsula profunde triloba.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Wive et “ Baka ni vudi.”—Ovalau

(U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 73); Kadavu (Seemann! n. 69), and Viti Levu (Seemann! HGB.

A tree for which the natives of Kadavu gave me the name of “ Wive," and those of Viti Levu, that of " Baka ni vudi,"—the latter would signify * the Banana-fig."

2. C. leptobotrys, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 255 ; glabella; foliolis 14-20 longiuscule petio- latis lanceolato-oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis glabris concoloribus ; paniculis gracillimis race- mifloris ramosis folio æquilongis cum petiolis junioribus tomentosulis ; floribus polygamo-monoicis ; calyce 5-partito persistente, petalis squamzeformibus multoties majoribus ; antheris 10 subsessilibus ; capsula obcordato-triloba stipitata.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. C. () Brackenridgei, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 255; glabella; foliis 6-8-foliolatis ; foliolis oblongis v. sublanceolatis subacuminatis basi attenuatis crebre penninerviis subtus badiis ; paniculis

compositis folio brevioribus; floribus ign.; capsula compressa obovato-cuneata truncata 2-loculari. —Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The flowers being unknown, this species may possibly be a Ratonia.*

III. Ratonia, D.C. Prodr. vol. i. p. 618; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 399. Flores polygamo- dioici, regulares. Calyx parvus, cupularis, breviter 4—5-lobus, lobis leviter imbricatis v. subvalvatis v. apertis. Petala 0 v. 4-5, intus squamigera, sepissime brevia, obovato-spathulata, villosa. Discus completus, annularis y. tumidus. Stamina 7-10, disco intus inserta, centrica, filamentis filiformibus sepissime villosis; antherz breviter oblonge, longe exserte. Ovarium substipitatum, 2—3-gonum, 1-3-loculare ; stylus terminalis, stigmate 2-3-dentato ; ovula in loculis solitaria, medio axi inserta. Capsula coriacea, 1—3-loba, sessilis v. stipitata, lobis globosis compressis oblongis v. cymbiformibus 2-valvibus. Semina arillata, testa crustacea ; cotyledones crasse, seepe curvze.— Arbores sæpe elatze ; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, abrupte pinnatis, foliolis alternis v. sepe oppositis integerrimis v. rarius serratis; racemis paniculatis, seepe elongatis, gracilibus, multifloris.— Cupanie sp. auct.

* At the British Museum there are three other Polynesian species of Oupania, viz.:—

1. Cupania glauca, Camb. in Mem. Mus. vol. xviii. p.28. .Dimereza glauca, Labill. Austr. Cal. t. 51. Diplopetalon glaucum, Spreng. Cur. Post. 150.—New Caledonia (W. Anderson! in Mus. Brit). To this will probably have to be united C. semiglauca, F. Muell. in Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 457; Arytera semi- glauca, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. vol. iii. p. 25, from the east coast of Australia,

2. Cupania juglandifolia, (sp. nov.) Seem.; petiolis basi dilatatis ; foliis 4-7-jugis eum impari; foliolis breve (3 unc. long.) petiolulatis, obiongis acuminatis v. acutis basi obtusis margine subdenticulatis, submem- branaceis; floribus in capitula multiflora aggregatis, capitulis racemoso-paniculatis, basi braeteatis; pedi- . cellis articulatis, laciniis calycis petalisque imbricatis staminibusque 5.—New Caledonia (Forster! in Mus. Brit.). The largest leaf 21 feet long; leaflets 6-7 inches long, 2-23 inches broad. Flowers in very young bud only.

3. Cupania Macgillivrayi, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; arborea; ramulis foliisque fulvo. velutinis Pea glabratis ; foliis alternis 2-3-jugis eum impari; foliolis breviter petiolulatis obovato-oblongis v. oblongis obtusis, basi angustatis, margine integerrimis revolutis; racemis axillaribus folio brevioribus, floribus masculis basi bracteatis fascieulatis; sepalis 5-6 imbricatis, exterioribus ovato-lanceolatis, interiori- bus ovato-oblongis obtusis; petalis nullis; ovario rudimentario 3-lobo, disco villoso; fl. femineis ign.—Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia, near the Peak (M‘Gillivray! in Mus. Brit). A very singular small-leaved species, which however may possibly prove to be a Dodonea, when the fruit shall become known.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 47

1. R. falcata, Seem.; foliis 4—5-foliolatis glabris, foliolis lanceolatis basi rotundatis sensim acuminatis faleatis ; racemis spiciformibus densifloris pubescentibus ; petalis calycem parvum ade- quantibus hastato-trilobis intus inappendiculatis, lobis lateralibus incurvis margine villoso-barbatis ; staminibus glabris, antheris purpureis ; capsula obovoidea subtrigona glabra haud stipitata 3-loculari, intus villoso-purpurascente ; seminibus obovato-oblongis nitidis atris.— Cupania falcata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 252. C. (?) Vitiensis (Seem. in Bonplandia, 1861, p. 254), Ovalau.—(U. S. Expl. Exped. ; Seemann! n. 68.), Taviuni (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Kadavu (Seemann! n. 70).

A tree 40 feet high, varying considerably in the size of the leaflets, Wood rather tough.

3. R. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; foliolis 16-18 longe petiolulatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis glabris concoloribus subtus venis prominulis ; racemis axillaribus paucifloris folio multo brevioribus, pedunculis petiolis calycibusque ferrugineo-tomentosis, calycis lobis 5 triangulari-ovatis ; petalis ignotis; capsula obovato-trigona apiculata, calyce persistente cincta.—Cupania apetala, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1861, p. 254; non Labill.—Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 67).

This differs from R. apetala, Seem. (Cupania apetala, Labill.), in its tomentose fruit, calyx, and inflores- cence. Leaves 1-2 feet long ; leaflets 3-4 inches long (including petiolule).*

IV. Sapindus, Linn. Gen. n. 449; Benth. et Hook. f, Gen. p. 404. Flores polygami, regu- lares. Sepala 4—5, 2-seriata, late imbricata. Petala 4—5, nuda v. intus squamis 1 v. 2 glabris villosisve supra unguem aucta, Discus completus, annularis v. elevatus. Stamina 8-10 (rarius 4—7 v. plura), centrica, filamentis liberis sepissime pilosis; anthers versatiles. Ovarium integrum v. 2—4-lobum, 2—4-loculare; stylus terminalis, stigmate 2—4-lobo; ovula in loculis solitaria, basi anguli interioris adscendentia. Fructus carnosus v. coriaceus, 1—2-(rarius 3—4-) coccus, coccis oblongis globosisve in- dehiscentibus. Semina sepissime globosa, exarillata, testa crustacea v. membranacea ; embryo rectus, curvus, cotyledonibus crassis, radicula brevi.—Arbores et frutices, interdum scandentes ; foliis alternis, exstipulatis, simplicibus 1-foliolatis v. abrupte pinnatis, foliolis integerrimis rarissime serratis ; race- mis v. paniculis terminalibus v. axillaribus; fructibus siccis v. baccatis.

l. S. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 251; arborea; foliis glabris, rhachi aptera; foliolis 9-4-jugis summisve 2-jugis ovato-oblongis paullo obliquis subacuminatis breviter petiolulatis; pani- culis terminalibus amplis decompositis; sepalis inzequalibus ; petalis ovatis cucullatis unguiculatis haud appendiculatis inferne ciliatis; filamentis 7-8 inferne villosis ; fructu coriaceo 1—2-cocco, coccis subglobosis lucidis glabris.—Ovalau and Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 66).

A tree 30-40 feet high. My specimens being in fruit remove A. Gray's doubt respecting the genus of this species.T 7

* There are two other Polynesian species of Ratonia at the British Museum, viz. :—

1. R. stipitata, Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 461 (Cupania stipata, F. Muell. Fragm. vol. ii. pp. 75 et 175). This species from the east coast of Australia I take to be identical with Guaiacum dubium, Forst. Prodr. n. 168 ; Cupania lentiscifolia, Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 413 ; Guioa lentiscifolia, Cav. Icon. vol. iv. p. 49. t. 373, and Aporetica pinnata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 61, non DC.—Tongan (Forster !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Society Islands (Lay and Collie !). dE m

2. R. Homei (sp. nov.), Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; robusta; ramis crassis 'angulatis junioribus ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis alternis 5-9-foliolatis, foliolis breviter petiolulatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis faleatis basi valde obliquis, integerrimis, coriaceis, utrinque glabris, supra lucidis ; floribus racemoso-panieu- latis; paniculis axillaribus et terminalibus, pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque ferrugineo-tomentosis ; calyce 6-dentato; corolla nulla; staminibus 9 glabris, ovario villosissimo 3-loeulari; disco villoso ; est. ign.— New Caledonia (Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.). A very robust, apparently arboreous species, of which the largest leaves are more than a foot long. Leaflets often 6 inches long, 2-2} inches broad.

T Sapindus Saponaria, Linn. 1 have examined Forster's original specimen of this D from Easter Island, preserved at the British Museum, as there was some doubt expressed about its belonging to this species, and as far as it goes I find it absolutely identical with the American specimens.

48 FLORA VITIENSIS,

V. Pometia, Forst, Char. Gen. t. 55; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 407. Flores regülares, polygamo-dioici. Calyx parvus, cupularis, 4—5-fidus, dentibus erectis valvatis. Petala 4—5, esquamata. Discus completus. Stamina 4-8, centrica, filamentis elongatis exsertis; anthere parve. Ovarium profunde 2-3-lobum, 2~3-loculare; stylus sepissime elongatus, tortus, stigmate obtuso; ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi axis adscendentia. Fructus corticatus v. drupaceus, 1—2-coccus, coccis globosis ovoideis indehiscentibus. Semina arillo mucoso inclusa; embryo conduplicatus.—Arbores excelse, glabre v. tomentose ; folis alternis, sessilibus, pinnatis, elongatis, foliolis alternis subsessilibus oblique oblongis basi cordatis serratis, infimis minoribus orbiculatis stipuleformibus nervis validis ; racemis simplicibus v. paniculatis, gracilibus, elongatis; floribus parvis, fasciculatis, pedicellatis.— Irina, Bl. Bijdr. 230. Eecremanthus, Thw. in Hook. Journ. vol. vii. p. 272. t. 9.

l. P. pinnata, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 110. t. 55; Forst. Icon. Ined. t. 279 (Tab. X.) ; foliis 5-7-jugis puberulis demum glabris, foliolis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi cordatis, summis panicu- latis, pedunculis pedicellis ealycibusque hirsuto-pubescentibus, laciniis calycis 5 ovatis acutis, petalis | ‘5 suborbiculatis breviter unguiculatis glabris, staminibus 5, filamentis basi pilosis, antheris glabris ; ovario hispido, 2-loculari; stylo versus basin piloso; drupa pomiformi, eduli, 1-sperma.— Aporetica pinnata, DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 610, non Hook. et Arn. Nephelium pinnatum, Camb. in Mem. Mus. vol. xviii. p. 80. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Dawa."— Very common throughout the group, both wild and cultivated (Seemann! n. 71; Storck! n. 875). Also collected in Tana (Forster !), Tongan Islands (Forster !), and noticed by G. Bennett in Rotuma.*

The Dawa is very plentiful in Viti, frequently forming entire forests, and there appear to be several varieties, It is sixty feet high, and shares with most Fijian fruit-trees the property of yielding a useful timber. The leaves are pinnate, the leaflets serrate, and when first opening, display a brilliant red tinge, which at a distance looks as if the tree were in bloom. The flowers, arranged in terminal panieles, are whitish and of diminutive size. The fruit, ripening in January and February, has rather a glutinous honey-like taste, and attains about the size of a pomegranate. "The Fijians deem the Dawa peculiar to their islands. 1t certainly does not occur to the eastward in a wild state, as the Tonguese are said to have obtained it from Fiji; but it seems to be quite common in all the groups lying westwards, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and others. A native of Were assured me it was plentiful in his island, and Dr. Bennett, of Sydney, found it cultivated under the name of “ Thay,” at Rotuma, a little island to the north of Fiji, as recorded in his * Gatherings of a Naturalist.’ I succeeded in carrying living plants to the botanie garden at Sydney, where they were left in charge of Mr. Moore, and whence they may perhaps find their way to Queensland, and prove acceptable additions to the fruits of that new eolony.

EXPLANATION or PrArE X.—Fig. 1, one of the large leaflets; 2, an entire flower; 3, the same laid open; 4, section of ovary; 5, the ripe fruit; 6, the seed surrounded by the arilus. Figures 2,3, and 4 magnified; figs. 1, 5, and 6 natural size. Figs. 5 and 6 from a water-colour drawing made by the late

Miss Mary Pritehard. i

VI. Dodonæa, Linn. Gen. 855; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 410. Flores unisexuales v. polygamo-dioici. Sepala 2-5, imbricata v. valvata. Petala 0. Discus in fl. g obsoletus, in 9 parvus. Stamina 5-8, centrica, filamentis brevissimis; anthere lineari-oblongz, obtuse 4-gonze. Ovarium sessile, 38-6-gonum, 3-6-loculare; stylus 3—6-gonus, apice 3-6-fidus; ovula in loculis 2, collateralia v. superposita, adscendentia v. superiore pendulo. Capsula membranacea v. coriacea, 2-6-gona, loculis 1-2-spermis, angulis obtusis acutis v. alatis, septicide 2-6-valvis, valvis dorso alatis sepissime a columna septifera persistente media seminifera solutis. Semina lenticularia v. subglobosa, compressa, exalbuminosa, exarillata, hilo interdum excavato, funiculo incrassato, testa crustacea v. coriacea; embryo spiraliter convolutus.— Arbores v. frutices, siepe viscose ; foliis alternis, exstipulatis,

* Forster's second species of Pometia is a species of Schmidelia, viz. S. ternata, Camb. in Mem. Mus. vol. xviii. p. 24 (Aporetica ternata, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 66. Pometia ternata, Forst. Prodr. n. 393 et Icon. Ined. t. 280. Ornitrophe panigera, Labill. Austr. Cal. t. 52). New Caledonia (Forster! Anderson b Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 49

simplicibus v. abrupte pinnatis; floribus axillaribus v. terminalibus, solitariis racemosis corymbosis v. paniculatis, inconspicuis.—Empleurosma, Bartl. in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. vol. ii. p. 228.

: D. eriocarpa, Smith, of which there is a specimen collected by Menzies in the British Museum, and D. viscosa, Linn. (of which D. spathulata, Smith, is a mere mountain form), are the only two representatives of Dodonea'in the Pacific, the occurrence of D. triquetra, Andr., being doubtful. What A, Gray and J took for the latter species is one of the innumerable forms of D. viscosa, as justly remarked by Bentham (Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 475).

l. D. viscosa, Linn. Mant. 238; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. i. p. 475; fruticosa, glabra, viscosa, ramulis teretibus, junioribus sepe compressis v. subtriquetris; foliis simplicibus oblongo-lanceolatis, anguste lanceolatis, oblongo-cuneatis v. lineari-cuneatis, apice obtusis, acutis v. acuminatis, basi in petiolum attenuatis, integerrimis v. obscure sinuatis, v. apice subtridentatis; racemis simplicibus v. panieulatis, axillaribus v. terminalibus; sepalis ovatis; stylo elongato; capsule alis rotundatis v. basi attenuatis.— Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. t. 42 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Wase,” teste Williams.—Very common on the leeside of the large islands, and in the eastern parts of the group (Seemann! n. 72; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Sandwich (Nuttall! Menzies! Macrae!) and Society Islands (Barclay! Banks and Solander! Forster !), and New Caledonia (Cap- tain Cook! M‘Gillivray!). Common in New Zealand, Australia, and America. |

Orvo XXXI. ANACARDIACEZRE.

I. Rhus, Linn. Gen. n. 369; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 418. Flores polygami. Calyx parvus, 4—6-partitus, persistens, laciniis imbricatis equalibus. Petala 4-6, æqualia, patentissima, imbricata, Discus annularis. Stamina 4, 5, 6, v. 10, basi disci inserta, libera, filamentis subulatis ; antherz in fl. 9 effætæ. Ovarium sessile, ovatum v. globosum; styli 3, liberi v. connati, breves v.

elongati, stigmatibus simplicibus v. capitatis; ovulum e funiculo basilari suspensum. Drupa parva,

exsucca, compressa, putamine coriaceo v. osseo. Semen inversum, testa membranacea ; cotyledones planiuscule ; radicula uncinata, brevis.— Arbores v. frutices, sæpe vernicifluze v. succo caustico sca- tentes; foliis alternis simplicibus, 1-3-foliolatis v. imparipinnatis, foliolis integerrimis v. serratis; paniculis axillaribus v. terminalibus, bracteatis; floribus parvis.

The only other known Polynesian species of Rhus, besides the two enumerated below, is R. Sandwich- ensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 309, of which there are fine specimens, collected in Hawaii by Macrae, at the British Museum, and which I hold to be identical with R. semialata, Murr. (R. Javanica, Linn.) and R. Chinensis, Mill. The doubtful Rhus atra, Forst., has been named Semecarpus atrum, Vieill.

]. R. simarubefolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 367. t. 44; glabra; foliis pinnatis, rachi superne marginata; foliolis subsessilibus 7-9 oblongis obtusis basi ineequilateris integerrimis supra nitidis subtus pallidis; paniculis axillaribus laxifloris folio paulo brevioribus; calyce 5-lobo; petalis 5 ovali-obovatis (albis); staminibus 5; drupis glabris lucidis (nigris).—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 95). ; :

A small tree, with fine bright-green foliage and white flowers. Tt is closely allied to R. rhodanthema, F. Muell., from which, however, it may at once be distinguished by its white flowers. TM ;

2, R. Taitensis, Guill. Zephyrites Taitensis, p. 67; foliis pinnatis, rachi teretiuscula immar- ginata puberula, foliolis petiolulatis lanceolato-ovato-oblongis acuminatis apice obtusiusculis integer- rimis, superne lucidis, subtus nervo excepto puberulo glabris; paniculis axillaribus laxifloris folio multo brevioribus; calyce 5-lobo; petalis 5 oblongis obtusis (albis) ; staminibus 10; drupis levibus lucidis (nigris).—R. rigida, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 244 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, * Waiwai."— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 96). Also found in the Society, Samoan, and Tongan Islands. dr. ee E

II. Buchanania, Roxb. Pl. Corom. vol. iii. p. 79. t. 282; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 421.

i

50 ` FLORA VITIENSIS.

Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx brevis, obtuse 3-5-dentatus, persistens, imbricatus. Petala 5, oblonga, recurva, imbricata. Discus orbicularis, 5-crenatus. Stamina 10, basi disci inserta, libera. Ovarii carpella 5—6, libera, disco apice concavo inserta, unicum fertile, reliqua ad stylos simplices reducta ; stylus brevis, stigmate truncato; ovulum a funiculo basilari suspensum. Drupa parva, parce car- uosa, putamine crustaceo v. osseo compresso 2-valvi. Semen gibbum, hinc auctum, hine crassum ; cotyledones crasse; radicula supera.—Arbores; foliis alternis, petiolatis simplicibus coriaceis inte- gerrimis; paniculis terminalibus et axillaribus, confertis, ramosis; floribus parvis, albis; fructibus rubris.— Coniogeíon, Blume, Bijdr. 1156. Cambessedia, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. ii. p. 366.

1. B. florida, Schauer, in Reliq. Meyenianz, p. 481; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 966. t. 44; glabra; foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis retusisve in petiolum attenuatis; paniculis ramosis laxifloris glabellis; pistillis in disco cupulari multidentato semi-immersis ; drupis suborbicularibus compressis. —Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau and Wakaya (Storck! n. 882). Also found in the Philippine Islands.

“ A hard timber tree, from which the natives about Ovalau make their canoe paddles.” (Storek.)

III. Oncocarpus,. A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 364. t. 49; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 424- Flores dioici v. monoici? Calyx parvus, cupularis, 5-dentatus. Petala 5, oblonga, patentia, valvata. Discus in fl. ¢ hemisphericus, centralis. Stamina 5, basi disci inserta. Fl. 9 ignoti. Drupa compressa et depressa, deformis, basi calycis lati brevis carnosi (hypocarpio) insidens, endocarpio osseo rugoso tuberculato intus lobato, l-locularis. Semen loculo conforme, testa tenui; embryo transversus, cotyledonibus irregulariter lobatis carnosis pro parte connatis, radicula brevissima centri- fuga.—Arbor glaberrima ; foliis alternis, simplicibus, petiolatis, coriaceis, integerrimis, obtusis; pani- culis terminalibus, compositis; floribus parvis, bracteatis.

The female flowers of this plant are still unknown, the specimens colleeted by me and afterwards by Mr. Storck being, strangely enough, exactly in the same state as those obtained by the United States Exploring Expedition. lt is from want of the female flowers that I am unable to establish the identity of Oncocarpus Vitiensis with Rhus atra of Forst. Prodr. n. 142, with any degree of satisfaction. Vieillard (Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 4. tom. xvi. p. 71) has referred Forster's Rhus atra, from New Caledonia, to Seme- carpus. He describes the plant as dioicious, and the male flowers as subimbricate, and as valvate in sesti- vation, whatever that may mean; and the female flowers are said by him to be the same. In Forster’s original specimens there are only hermaphrodite flowers, and these are distinctly quincuncial in sestivation, making Rhus atra a true Semecarpus.* The principal difference between Semecarpus and Oncocarpus, as far as at present known, is, that the former has an imbricate, the latter a valvate æstivation; the habit of both genera being identieal. But it is quite possible that the male flowers of Oncocarpus have a valvate, and the hermaphrodite a quincuncial estivation; and if that should be the case the two genera would probably have to be united. But until the female or hermaphrodite flowers of the Vitian Oncocarpus are known we cannot venture upon that, or even identify Rhus atra with Oncocarpus Vitiensis, though both are extremely alike in foliage and habit.

1. O. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 365. t. 43.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kau karo.” — Southern coast of Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 94), Ovalau (Storck! n. 881), Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

Amongst the trees most dreaded by the natives on account of their noxious qualities, the Kau Karo, literally itch-wood, occupies a prominent place. It seems to act somewhat like Rhus venenata or Seme-

* There is an apparently undescribed species of Semecarpus at the British Museum, which in the- shape of the leaf and male inflorescence somewhat resembles Oncocarpus Vitiensis, though in other respects it is near S. Anacardium, from which it differs in baving the leaves attenuated at the base, ete. Seme- carpus insularum, Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; foliis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis, obtusis v. acutis, in petiolum attenuatis, integerrimis marginatis, glabris, supra atro-viridibus, subtus albidis; paniculis mas- culis terminalibus folia equantibus v. superantibus ; floribus sessilibus hirtellis; petalis æstivatione valvatis. — Possession Island, south of New Guinea (Wiles and Smith! in Herb. Mus. Brit.) Leaves 4—6 inches long, 21-3 inches broad; petioles 1—$ of an inch long. : |

FLORA VITIENSIS. . 51

carpus Anacardium. Mr. Pritchard and myself first heard of its existence during our visit to the southern shores of Viti Levu, in July, 1860, and on the banks of a river were fortunate enough to obtain specimens of the tree, proving it to be the Oncocarpus Vitiensis, A. Gray. The tree, when fully developed, is about sixty feet high, bearing large oblong leaves and a very curious corky fruit, somewhat resembling the seed of the walnut. On handling the specimens a drop of the juice fell on the hand of one of our party, and instantly produced a pain equal to that caused by contact with a red-hot poker. Mr. E. A. Egerstrém, a Swedish gentleman, residing on the island of Naigani, had been still more unfortunate in his accidental contact with the Kau Karo; and on visiting his hospitable roof on the 2nd July, 1860, he was just reco- vering from the effects of the accident. Having desired a native carpenter to procure him a spar suitable for a flag-staff, one was brought of Kau Karo, about forty-two feet long, and twenty-two inches in girth at the foot, having a white wood and a green bark, not unlike that of the Vau dina (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Linn.), and light-coloured when peeled off. Ignorant of the poisonous properties of the tree, Mr. Egerstróm him- self peeled off the bark, and found the sap beneath it very plentiful. “In the evening,"—I quote Mr. Egerstróm's own words, in a letter to the British Consul,—* I was troubled with considerable itching about my legs, and every part of my body which had come in contact with the spar, especially about the abdomen and lower parts, having sat across the tree when barking it. All the parts affected became red and inflamed, breaking out in innumerable pustules, which emitted a yellowish matter with a nauseous smell. The itching was exceedingly painful and irritating, and my arms having been bare when operating upon the tree, also became inflamed and broke out as already described. The neighbouring natives, who came to watch my proceedings, now warned me, too late, not to touch the tree, as it was a poisonous one, and advised my keeping quiet and not to touch or scratch the parts inflamed. This advice, however, I could not follow, the irritation for several days being excessive. I employed no remedy, but bathed daily, as usual, in fresh water, although advised to the contrary ; and did not get rid of the injurious effects of the itch-wood for nearly two months.”

Mr. Storck states (Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 296), that in climbing up this tree, after the natives refused to do so, his dress became stained black. As an allied plant, the Semecarpus Anacardium, produces the marking-ink of commerce, it is not improbable that the nut of this tree may be similarly employed.

The properties which Vieillard ascribes to the New Caledonian Nolé (Semecarpus atra, Vieill., Rhus atra, Forst.) are so very much like those just described, that the identity of the two plants receives addi- tional support from them. He says: “The milky juice of this tree, and the gum-resin which comes from it, are a poison well known to the natives, and unfortunately too frequently employed by them. The same milk mixed with water yields a fine black dye. People, whether natives or foreigners, who touch the Nolé frequently suffer from cutaneous eruptions, difficult to heal. Experience has taught us that the most effectual remedy is that of the New Caledonians, which consists in reducing charcoal to powder, and apply- ing a sufficiently thick coating to the affected parts. On the twelfth or fifteenth day the scab falls off, and the skin, perfectly healed, presents no trace of a scar. The wood of the Nolé is soft and easy to work, and, notwithstanding the inconvenience experienced in felling it, is much sought after for canoes. It is in the dry trunk of this tree the New Caledonians find the larva of the Malledon costatus, Montron, of which they are very fond. The fruit is erect, fleshy, as large as a plum, lengthened transversely into a woody kidney-shaped nut. The fleshy disk, which is of a beautiful red when ripe, is much esteemed by the natives, who use it extensively; bruised in water, it makes a fermentable liquor, which somewhat resembles cider. The nut, like that of tlie Acajou, contains a caustic, very inflammable oil; the kernel, when boiled, is edible.” .

IV. Spondias, Linn. Gen. n. 377; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 426. Flores polygami. Calyx parvus, deciduus, 4—5-fidus, lobis leviter imbricatis (valvatis fide Blumei). Petala 4—5, patentia, sub- valvata. Discus cupularis, latiusculus, crenatus. Stamina 8-10, sub disco inserta. Ovarium sessile, liberum, 4—5-loculare; styli 4—5, superne conniventes; ovula in loculis solitaria, pendula. Drupa carnosa, putamine osseo apicem versus foraminato crasso 1—5-loculari, loculis erectis v. divergentibus. Semina pendula, testa membranacea; embryo rectus, cotyledonibus elongatis plano-convexis, radicula brevi supera.—Arbores foliis valde versus apices ramulorum confertis, alternis, imparipinnatis, foliolis oppositis sepius longe acuminatis; paniculis terminalibus, patentibus, multifloris ; floribus parvis, breviter pedicellatis; fructibus sepe pomiformibus.— Cytherea, Wight et Arn. Prod. 173. Evia, Comm. ex Juss. Gen. 373. i ye o :

1. S. dulcis, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 32; Prodr. n. 198; petiolis teretibus, foliolis 11-13 ovali- oblongis acuminatis serratis; drupæ loculis divergentibus, radicula centrifaga.—Forst. Icon. (ined.) (t. 144; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 49.—Evia dulcis, Comm. ex Juss.; Blum. Mus.

: | po H2

52 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Bot. Lugd. Bat. p. 283. Chrysomelon pomiferum, Forst. mss. in Herb. Par. Spondias Cytherea, Sonn. Voy. vol. ii. p. 222. t. 123; Gertn. Fruct. t. 103. Poupartia dulcis, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1161.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Wi;" Tahitense, “ Vi."— Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 98). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Barclay!) and in the Tongan group (Forster! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The most prominent place among the native fruit-trees undoubtedly belongs to the Wi, which appears to be self-sown, and is met with in abundance about towns and villages. It is often sixty feet high; the bark is smooth and whitish, the leaves pinnate, glabrous, and of a dark green, forming a fine contrast with the yellow oval-shaped fruits with which the tree is heavily laden. The fruit has a fine apple-like smell, and a most agreeable acid flavour, rendering it highly suitable for pies; indeed, the Wi is the only Fijian fruit which recommends itself for that purpose. At Rewa I weighed and measured several highly-deve- loped drupes, and found the largest to be exactly one foot in circumference, and one pound two ounces in weight. The natives are as fond of Wis as the white settlers, and quite content to make their dinner of Taro and Wis. :

V. Dracontomelon, Blume, Mus. Bot. vol. i. p. 231. t. 42; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 427. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx 5-partitus, lobis conniventibus imbricatis. Petala 5, suberecta, apice recurva, subvalvata. Discus acetabuliformis, crenulatus. Stamina 10, basi disci inserta. Ovarium sessile, 5-loculare ; styli 5, crassi, erecti (ovaria simulantes), apice connati, stigmatibus terminalibus obtusis ; ovula in loculis pendula. Drupa globosa, carnosa, supra medium stylorum basibus tubercu- lata, putamine osseo depresso subangulato margine foraminulato 2-5-loculari, loculis divergentibus. Semina 3-gono-compressa, pendula, testa membranacea ; cotyledones plano-convexe ; radicula brevis, supera, centrifuga.—Arbores, foliis alternis imparipinnatis; panieulis axillaribus et subterminalibus, amplis; floribus subfasciculatis, pallidis.

1, D. sylvestre, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. n. 507 ; foliolis 15-19 oppositis alternisve ellip- ticis v. oblongis acuminatis basi subinzquali rotundatis glabris, ad venarum axillas subtus villosis.— Pomum Draconum sylvestre, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. t. 59. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tarawau.” — Common throughout the Viti group (Seemann! n. 99). Also widely diffused through the East Indian Archipelago.

There are numerous fruits in Viti eaten and even esteemed by the natives, but most insipid to a European palate. Foremost amongst them stands the Tarawau, the produce of a tree (Dracontomelon sylvestre, Blume) connected with native superstitions. The tree is not worshipped; but it is held to be the business of the dead to plant it, and it is believed to grow not only in this world, but also in Naicobo- cobo, the Fijian nether-world, or perhaps, more correctly, the general starting-place for it. Hence arose the expression, “Sa la'ki tei tarawau ki Naicobocobo," literally, “He has gone to plant Tarawaus at Nai- cobocobo;" i.e. he is dead. It is difficult to guess why these trees should have been deemed worthy of such distinction; they grow to the height of sixty feet, have flattish branches, pinnated leaves, insignificant whitish flowers, and a tough insipid fruit, only palatable to the natives; moreover, they are regarded as the emblem of the truth-speaking man, not having, as so many others, a number of false or sterile flowers. The hermaphrodite nature of the flowers, which is one of the features by which this genus differs from Spondias, has therefore not escaped the notice of the natives.

2. D. () pilosum, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; arboreum; ramulis angulatis foliisque junioribus hirsuto- pilosis; foliis alternis 5-jugis cum impari, foliolis brevipetiolulatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi obliquis integerrimis penninerviis submembranaceis ; czt. ign.— Nomen vernac. “ Tarawau ki kaka.” — Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 100).

This may possibly be identical with a Dracontomelon collected by Cuming in the Philippine Islands (his n. 1700, if no confusion of labels has taken place); but the seraps of a young plant collected by me are too imperfect to enable me to identify the two. Leaves of my specimens 1} foot long; leaflets 5-6 inches long, 2-23 inches broad; rachis with two deep furrows. According to the natives, the fruit is the favourite food of a small kind of parrot, the Kakà.

I have besides seen the foliage of an Anacardiaceous tree, collected in Viti by Williams, and resembling:

FLORA VITIENSIS. 53

in leaf Semecarpus Gardneri, Thw. The natives term it * Malawaci,” and “the juice has the effect of fire when applied to the skin.” The leaves are long, acuminate, dark on the upper, and pale-green on the under surface, and more than a foot long. The nearest Vitian plant with which I can compare it is Oncocarpus Vitiensis.

Ordo XXXII. CONNARACEZ:.

I, Rourea, Aubl. Plant. Gui, vol. i. p. 467. t. 187; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 432. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis post anthesin accrescentibus induratis capsule basin arcte amplectentibus imbri- catis. Petala 5, calyce longiora, szpissime lineari-oblonga. Stamina 10, 5 alterna longiora fila- mentis filiformibus basi in annulum confluentibus; anthere didyme. Carpella 5, 4 seepius imper- fecta styliformia, fertile in stylum rectum subulatum attenuatum, stigmate capitellato. Capsula sessilis, curva, basi calyce induta, l-sperma, chartacea. Semen erectum, arillo incompleto antice fisso semini zquilongo v. multo breviore, testa levi nitida, albumine 0.—Frutices et arbuscul:e, interdum scandentes; foliis alternis, sempervirentibus, coriaceis, imparipinnatis, foliolis seepe parvis co-jugis coriaceis; paniculis axillaribus oc-floris, erectis v. pendulis; floribus parvis, pedicellis seepe gracilibus; capsulis inter minores.— Robergia, Schreb. Gen. 309. — Canicidia, Vell. Fl. Flum. vol. iv. t. 129.

1. R. heterophylla, Planch. in Linnza, vol. xxiii. p. 419; Walp. Ann. vol. ii. p. 297; gla- berrima ; foliolis 1-3 petiolulatis, ovatis v. ovato-ellipticis, 14-24 poll. long., obtuse et longiuscule acuminatis, basi obtusis integerrimis, rigide chartaceis nitidis, reticulo nervorum et venarum utrinque prominente; racemis (compositis) axillaribus fasciculatis, folio brevioribus; pedicellis 3—4 lin. longis, supra basin articulatis; bracteolis minutis laciniisque calycinis ovatis, apice barbulatis; capsulis oblongis glabris.—A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 375.— Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also found in the Philippine Islands (Cuming !). ;

II. Connarus, Linn. Gen. n. 830; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. p. 432. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis (post anthesin non auctis) deciduis v. persistentibus et stipitem capsule amplectentibus imbricatis. Petala 5, calycem superantia, interdum leviter coherentia. Stamina 10, alterna breviora interdum ananthera, filamentis filiformibus basi monadelphis; antherz didym:e. Discus 0 v. tenuis, annularis, filamentorum basin extus cingens. Carpella 5, 4 szpius minima v. deficientia, fertile in stylum subulatum attenuatum, stigmate capitellato. ^ Capsula oblique oblonga, obtusa, inflata, stipitata, crasse coriacea, sutura ventrali dehiscens, l-sperma. Semen erectum, arillatum, arillo lobato in- completo hilo lato adnato, testa nitida, albumine 0; cotyledones amygdalinee.—Arbores et frutices, seepe subscandentes ; foliis alternis, sempervirentibus, coriaceis, nitidis, imparipinnatis, rarius 3-folio- latis, foliolis paucijugis; paniculis (rarissime racemis) axillaribus, ramosis, sæpe oc-floris strictis; floribus parvis; capsulis majusculis.— Omphalobium, Geertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 217. t. 46.

: 1. C. Pickeringii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 375. t. 45; ramulis foliisque junioribus pube ferruginea decidua tomentosis; foliolis 5—7 (rarius 3) lanceolato-oblongis nunc ovato-oblongis sub- acuminatis basi obtusis v. rotundatis, adultis glaberrimis, venis utrinque 5-6 subtus prominentibus, reti tenui transverso; paniculis folio multo brevioribus calycibusque rufo-tomentosis; pedicellis brevissimis; petalis extus tomentosis glanduloso-punctatis calyce triplo longioribus ; capsulis obovatis turgidis tomento detersibili primum vestitis, stipite petalis longiore.—Nomen vernac. “ Wa Vatu,” teste. Williams.—Ovalau, Viti Levu, and Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.!; Seemann! n. 101; Milne !). a =

54 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orpo XXXIII. LEGUMINOSZE.

Susonpo I. PAPILIONACEZE.— Flores 5-meri. Corolla irregularis papilionacea v. rarissime subregularis, petalis imbricatis, superiore (vexillo) exteriore. Stamina 10, v. rarius 9 v. 5

I. Crotalaria, Linn. Gen. n. 862; Endl. Gen. n. 6472; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 178. Calyx 5-lobus, subbilabiatus, labio superiore 2- inferiore 3-fido. Vexillum orbiculatum v. ovatum, basi callosum v. squamulosum, carina falcato-acuminata v. rarius obtusa. Stamina 10, monadelpha, vagina superne fissa. Ovarium sessile v. stipitatum, 2-co-ovulatum. Stylus lateraliter barbato- pubescens; stigma terminale. Legumen turgidum v. inflatum, 2-co-spermum. Semina reniformia, compressa, estrophiolata, funiculo tenui.—Herb:e v. frutices; foliis simplicibus v. palmatim 3-5- 7 -foliolatis, foliolis seepe pellucido-punctatis; stipulis bracteisque nunc minimis v. deficientibus, nune maximis, interdum adnato-decurrentibus ; floribus racemosis, flavis v. czeruleis.

1. C. quinquefolia, Linn. Spec. 1006; annua, erecta, glabra v. sericeo-pubescens ; caule fistu- loso; folis longe petiolatis, petiolis 5—7 subsessilibus, lanceolatis v. linearibus, obtusis; racemis terminalibus v. oppositifoliis ; calycis lobis latis acuminatis, tubo sublongioribus; petalis flavis, vexillo lato obtusissimo; leguminibus glabris breviter stipitatis.— Rheede, Mal. vol. ix. t. 28; Benth. l.c. p. 184.—On cultivated and waste ground (Williams!; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Tana (Barclay! n. 5495), Queensland, the East Indies, and the Archipelago.

According to Pickering, the native name of this herb is * Boa," or * Emboa," as he spells it.*

II. Indigofera, Linn. Gen. n. 989; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 194. Calyx parvus, urceo- lato-campanulatus, 5.dentatus v. -fidus, laciniis subsequalibus. Vexillum ovatum v. orbiculatum, reflexum, ale: carinam basi utrinque calcaratam v. gibbam equantes. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero diadelpha; antherze mucronate, conformes. Ovarium sessile v. subsessile, o0- v. rarissime 1-2-ovulatum. Legumen oblongum, lineare v. rarius orbiculatum, teretiusculum v. rarius compressum, rectum v. falcatum, 2-valve, co- v. 1-2-spermum, inter semina isthmis membra- naceis solubilibus distinctum. Semina globosa v. cubica, estrophiolata.—Frutices fruticuli v. herbe, seepissime pilis utrinque cuspidatis, medio affixis muniti; foliis imparipinnatis oo- rarius ]-jugis, interdum foliolorum lateralium abortu 1-foliolatis, quandoque nullis, stipulis minutis setaceis, sti- pellis quandoque nullis; floribus axillaribus spicatis v. racemosis, roseis purpureis v. interdum albis, vexillo extus plerumque sericeo-pubescente.—Spheridiophorum, Desv. in Journ. Bot. vol. iii. p. 125. t. 6. 1. 95.

1. I. Anil, Linn. Mant. 272; caule suffruticoso erecto; follis pinnatis 3-7-jugis, foliolis ovali- bus subtus vix pubescentibus ; racemis axillaribus folio brevioribus ; leguminibus compressis non toru- losis deflexis arcuatis, sutura utraque calloso-prominula, oo-spermis.—In waste places; common along the coast of the different islands (Seemann! n. 106). Also collected in the Society and Sand-

wich Islands by various expeditions. Not being contained in the older collections, it is probably a recent introduction to Polynesia.

III. Tephrosia, Pers. Ench. vol. ii. p. 328; Endl. Gen. n. 6539; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 202. Calyx subcampanulatus, 5-fidus, laciniis 2 superioribus profundius fissis, antica produc- tiore. Vexillum suborbiculatum, plerumque reflexo-patentissimum, carinam et alas carine ad- heerentes vix superans. Stamina 10, v. filamento vexillari libero diadelpha; antherz conformes. Ovarium sessile, co- v. rarius 1-2-ovulatum. Stylus filiformis ; stigma terminale, plerumque

* Lotus australis, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 624 (L. levigatus, Benth.; albidus, Lodd.), was found in the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 55

subpenicillatum. Legumen lineare v. rarius ovatum, compressum, 2-valve. Semina compressa v. angulata, sepe strophiola minuta donata.— Arbores, frutices, suffrutices v. herbe; plerumque pube sericea; foliis imparipinnatis co- v. raro 1-jugis, racemis terminalibus, oppositifoliis et axilla- ribus; floribus fasciculato-congestis, rarius pedicellis axillaribus solitariis, 1—9-floris; floribus albis carneis v. violaceis, ebracteatis.

l. T. piscatoria, Pers. Ench. vol. ii. p. 329; suffruticosa, glabra pubescens v. villosa; foliolis 7-11 oblongo-cuneatis v. linearibus obtusis v. acutis, supra glabris, subtus villosis v. sericeis; racemis terminalibus v. oppositifoliis, inferioribus sepe brevioribus, superioribus 6 unc. longis ; calycis minute pubescentis lobis subulatis; stylo valde compresso, legumine glabro v. pubescente, plus minusve faleato oc-spermo.— 7. purpurea, Pers. Ench. vol. ii. p. 329. T. toxicaria, Gaud. in Freye. p. 93, T. Baueri, Benth. in A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 408. Galega littoralis, Forst. Prodr. n. 277, et Icon. (ined.) t. 200. G. piscatoria, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 229, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 76 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Tahitiense, “ Hora."—Common on the seaside through- out Viti (Seemann! n. 107). The plant has also been collected in the Society (Banks and Solander ! Barclay!), Sandwich (Barclay! Macrae! Nuttall!), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped., and Tongan Islands (Forster! Sir E. Home! Barclay!), as well as in Uvea or Wallis Island, and in tropical America and New Holland.

Used in many tropical countries, including Tahiti and other Polynesian islands, for stupefying fish for the purpose of catching them, but I did not observe this to be the case in Viti, though, like Derris uliginosa, it may possibly be thus employed.

As the flowers of this plant are often almost white, it seems desirable to adopt the name Z. pisca- toria instead of purpurea, as the general name for a species including so many varieties.*

IV. Ormocarpum, Beauv. Flor. Owar. vol. i. p. 95. t. 58; Endl. Gen. n. 6593; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 225. Calyx bracteolis 2 persistentibus, 5-fidus, subbilabiatus, laciniis omnibus acutis. Vexillum orbiculatum, carinz obtuse petala dorso leviter cohzrentia. Stamina 10, mona- delpha; anthers conformes. Ovarium sessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus filiformis; stigma obtusum. Legumen lineare, compressum, 2—cc-articulatum, articulis oblongis v. elongatis, utrinque angustatis longitudinaliter striatis, plerumque 1-spermis, distincte secedentibus. Semina compressa.—Frutices ; foliis 1-foliolatis v. imparipinnatis, foliolis glabris acuminatis v. retusis; racemis axillaribus brevibus paucifloris, floribus flavis albidis v. purpureo striatis.

1, O. sennoides, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 315; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 226; foliis impari- pinnatis 6—7-jugis, foliolis obovatis retusis mucronatis ; leguminis articulis striatis aculeato-verrucosis. —Hedysarum sennoides, Willd. Spec. vol. iii. p. 1207. — ZEschynomene coluteoides, A. Rich. Sert. | Astrol. 87, t. 32.—On the leeward ‘coasts of Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Queens- ` land (Banks and Solander !).

V. Desmodium, DC. Mem. vol. vi.; Endl. Gen. n. 6615; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 229. Calycis tubo levi, lobis 2 superioribus plus minusve coalitis. Vexillum oblongum v. orbiculatum, basi attenuatum ; ale oblongs, carine obtuse plerumque medio adherentes. Stamina 10, fila- mento vexillari libero diadelpha, rarius monadelpha; antherz conformes. Ovarium sessile v. stipi- tatum, 2—oc-ovulatum. Stylus subulatus, incurvus. Legumen o-articulatum, articulis seceden- tibus compressis l-spermis indehiscentibus v. vix apertis. Semina compresso-reniformia.— Herbze frutices v. arbuscule ; foliis 3- v. 1-foliolatis stipellatis; stipulis szepe scariosis, striatis membranaceis ;

_ * Sesbania coccinea, Poir. (ZEsehynomene coccinea, Linn. fil., Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 198, 199; Æ. spe- ciosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pac. p. 291, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 75), may be expected to occur in Viti, it having been found in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster!) and in the Botanists’ Island, off New Caledonia (Forster!) - aN

56 FLORA VITIENSIS,

floribus in racemos v. paniculas terminales rarius in umbellas v. cymas axillares dispositis, purpureis ceruleis roseis v. albis.—JNicolsonia, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 325. Dicerma, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 339, : Dendrolobium, Wight et Arn. Prodr. p. 225.

Besides the two Desmadia enumerated below, there are in Polynesia four other species, viz. D. Sand- wichense, E. Meyer, from the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay! Seemann!); D. varians, Endl. (Hedysarum varians, Labill. Sert. A. Caled. t. 71), from New Caledonia; D. Scorpiurus, Desv., from Tahiti; and D. Andersoni (sp. nov.), Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; fruticosum; ramulis novellis puberulis; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatis ovatis v. ellipticis acuminatis basi acutis integerrimis coriaceis glabris ; stipulis triangu- laribus striatis mox deciduis; stipellis nullis (v. caducis?); floribus ignotis; staminibus 10, diadelphis, glabris; leguminis longe stipitati articulis 4-6 ellipticis compressis reticulato-venosis puberulis.—New Caledonia (W. Anderson! in Herb. Mus. Brit). The specimen, collected in Captain Cook's second Voyage, has no flowers, but I found a few old stamens; and in Mr. Bentham's opinion it belongs to a genuine and new species of Desmodium.

]. D. umbellatum, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 325; fruticosum ; ramulis foliisque junioribus sericeo- pubescentibus; foliolis 3 ovatis v. ovali-oblongis obtusis v. rarius subacutis, supra glabris v. sub- glabris, subtus pubescentibus v. sericeo-pubescentibus, venis primariis prominulis; stipulis deciduis ; umbellis axillaribus ; floribus albidis; bracteis deciduis, bracteolis persistentibus ; calyce sericeo, lobis acutis, vexillo rotundato; leguminis articulis 3—4 subcarnosis indehiscentibus.— D. australis, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 326. Hedysarum umbellatum, Linn. Spec. 1053; Forst. Prodr. n. 274. H. aus- trale, Willd. Spec. vol. iii. p. 1185. Ormocarpum oblongum, Desv. in Ann. Soc. Linn. 1825, p. 307. — Common on the seabeach (Seemann! n. 109; Barclay!). Also collected in the Tongan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Samoan Islands (Sir E. Home !), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Tana (Forster !), and New Caledonia (Anderson! Forster!). Diffused over tropical New Holland and the East Indies.

2. D. polycarpum, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 334; herbaceum v. suffruticosum, pubescens, pilis adpressis v. patentibus; foliolis 3 ovatis v. ellipticis, terminali majore; stipulis striatis acuminatis ; racemis terminalibus, densis, simplicibus v. subpaniculatis, bracteis late lanceolatis imbricatis mox deciduis; floribus purpureis, leguminis hirsuti v. glabri articulis 4—6 compressis scepe dehiscentibus. —Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 235; Wight et Arn. Prodr. p. 227; Wight, Icon. t. 400. D. hetero- carpum, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 337. D. capitatum, DC. l.c. p. 336. D. angulatum, DC. 1l. c. p. 335. D. tenue, Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5730. D. serpens, Wall. Cat. n. 5733. D. purpureum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 62. D. siliquosum, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 336. D. Hippocrepis, DC. 1. c. p. 338? D. acrocarpum, Hance, in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. vii. p. 414. Hedysarum heterocarpum, Linn. Spec. p. 1054. H. polycarpum, Lam. Ill. t. 628. H. capitatum, Burm. Ind. p. 167. t. 54. f. 1. H. conicum, Poir. Enc. Méth. vol. vi. p. 419. H. siliquosum, Burm. Ind. p. 169. t. 55. f. 2. H. pur-

pureum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 358. H. tuberculosum, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 72. Hippo- `- crepis barbata, Lour. Fl. Cochin. ed. Willd. p. 553.—Common in cultivated and waste places all over the Viti group (Seemann! n. 111; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay!) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay!). Diffused over tropical Australia, the East Indies, and the Indian Archipelago.

VI. Uraria, Desv. in Journ. Bot. vol. iii. p. 122. t. 5. f. 19; Endl. Gen. n. 6610; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 236. Calyx profunde bilabiatus, labio superiore 2-fido, inferiore 3-partito, fructifer haud mutatus. Vexillum obovatum v. orbiculatum; ale oblongs, transversim rugose, carina obtusa. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero diadelpha; anthere conformes. Ovarium sessile v. subsessile, 2—oc-ovulatum. Stylus adscendens, sursum incrassatus ; stigma terminale, capitatum. Legumen subsessile, articulis 2-6 ovatis plicato-refractis, intra calycem nidulantibus, l-spermis. Semina compresso-reniformia.— Herb: v. suffrutices; folis pinnatim 3—7 -foliolatis, rarius 1-foliolatis, foliolis prominule reticulatis stipellatis; stipulis liberis acuminatis striatis; race- mis terminalibus latis v. subspicatis; floribus purpureis v. flavis resupinatis ; bracteis latis acuminatis ; bracteolis nullis.

>

FLORA VITIENSIS. 57

1. U. lagopoides, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 324; caule fruticuloso, procumbente v. adscendente, pubescente v. villoso; foliolis solitariis v. 3 ovatis obtusis, terminali orbiculari-reniformi v. cordato- ovato majori, subscabris v. subvelutino-pubescentibus ; racemis subspicatis oblongis obtusis hirsutis subsessilibus; bracteis deciduis; leguminis articulis 2 glabris v. pubescentibus.—Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 237; Wight, Icon. t. 289.—U. cercifolia, Desv. l.c. f. 19. Desmodium lagopodioides, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 185. Hedysarum lagopoides, Forst. Prodr. n. 276. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Lakanikasa," teste Williams.—On cultivated and waste ground, Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 108; U. S. Expl Exped.). Also gathered in Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!), New Caledonia (Anderson!), Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and in Queensland (R. Brown !). i

VII. Glycine, Linn. Endl. Gen. n. 6650; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 242. Calyx subbila- biatus, labio superiore 2-fido, inferiore 3-partito. Vexillum suborbiculatum, marginibus alas amplec- tens; ale vexillum subzequantes, carinze breviori rectze adhzrentes. Stamina 10, monadelpha, v. filamento vexillari demum libero; antheræ conformes. Ovarium subsessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus brevis, incurvus; stigma subeapitatum. Legumen lineare v. faleatum, 2-valve, co-spermum, isth- mis cellulosis inter semina interceptum. Semina subovata, estrophiolata.— Herbs» v. suffrutices volubiles, magis minusve pilosi; foliis pinnatim trifoliolatis, foliolis stipellatis; stipellis setaceis; sti- pulis parvis lanceolatis ; racemis axillaribus interruptis; pedicellis subfasciculatis. -

1. G. tabacina, Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 244; pubescens v. villosa; foliolis 3, terminali longe distante, orbiculato-obovatis oblongis ovato-lanceolatis v. linearibus; stipulis minutis; floribus axillaribus solitariis v. racemosis ; calycis lobis subulato-acuminatis ; legumine recto glabro v. villoso ; seminibus lzvibus v. tuberculatis.—Kennedya tabacina, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. 70. t. 70. Leptolo- bium tabacinum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. ii. p. 125. L. elongatum, Benth. l.c. Desmodium Novo-Hollandicum, F. Muell. in Linn. vol. xxv. p. 394.—Island of Nukubati, off the Macuata coast (Seemann! n. 123). Also collected in New Caledonia and Australia.

VIII. Dioclea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vol. vi. p. 497; Endl. Gen. n. 6662. Calyx campa- nulatus, 4-fidus, laciniis zestivatione imbricatis, superiore latiore, integra v. emarginata, infima angus- tiore, intus adpresse sericeus v. rufo-villosus. "Vexillum alis longius, orbiculatum, medio nudum v. breviter bicallosum, margine utrinque membrana inflexa appendiculatum ; ale obovate v. oblongze, liberee, intus auriculis subadhzrentibus ; carina alis brevior v. subzequalis, incurva, obtusa v. rostrata, petalis secus longitudinem subplicatis, dorso connatis. Discus breviter vaginifer v. subnudus. Sta- mina 10, medio monadelpha, filamento vexillari ima basi libero ; authere conformes. Ovarium sub- sessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus incurvus, glaber, versus apicem spe incrassatus, truncatus; stigma terminale. Legumen oblongum, plano-compressum, crassiusculum, coriaceum, sutura vexillari incrassata, seepius anguste bialata. Semina transversa, compressa, umbilico lineari, strophiolo tenui, demum libera.—Frutices volubiles ; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis, foliolis oppositis cum impari distante, stipellis minutis setaceis, stipulis variis; racemis axillaribus elongatis; floribus in fasciculos v. spiculas secus pedunculum crassum dispositis, spicularum sive fasciculorum rhachi brevi incrassata persis- tente; bracteis cito deciduis; pedicellis brevibus, bracteolis calyci adpressis, ovatis v. orbiculatis, deciduis v. subpersistentibus, floribus czeruleis violaceis v. subalbis; legumine- sepissime demum tomentoso v. villoso.—Hymenospron, Spreng. Gen. Pl. n. 2880. z A

1. D. violacea, Mart. in Herb. Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. ii. p. 133; ramis piloso-his- pidis; foliolis lato-ovatis brevissime acuminatis, basi subcordatis, junioribus utrinque pilosis demum glabratis; floribus subsessilibus densis; calycibus glabriusculis; carina obtusa rostrata alis subdi- midio breviore.— Dolichos altissimus, Velloz. Fl. Flum. vol. vii. t. 134. Mucuna altissima, Boj. mss.

I

58 FLORA VITIENSIS.

nec DC.—Viti (Williams!). Also collected in the Society (Capt. Cook!) and Sandwich Islands (Macrae! U. S. Expl. Exped.), as well as in Brazil. Mr. Williams’s specimen is merely a fragment, but, as far as it goes, agrees well with the Tahitian and

Sandwich Islands specimens. The plant, having now been ascertained to grow in three widely separated groups of islands, must be regarded as truly indigenous to Polynesia.

IX. Canavalia, DC. Leg. Mem. vol. ix.; Endl. Gen. n. 6663; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 255. Calyx tubulosus, 2-labiatus, labio superiore maximo, truncato v. emarginato-2-fido, lobis lato-rotun- datis, inferiore parvo, integro v. 2-fido. Vexillum amplum, suborbiculatum, emarginatum v. 2-fidum, basi angustatum, complicatum, intus 2-callosum, margine membrana inflexa utrinque appendiculatum v. nudum, ungue brevi ; alee oblongo-lineares, falcatz, basi late auriculatz, a carina sublibere, auriculis inter se cohzrentibus; carina alis equilonga v. longior, vexillo brevior, basi ovata v. ovato-oblonga, incurva, apice obtusa v. acuminato-rostrata, rostro infero v. spiraliter torto, petalis dorso connatis brevissime unguiculatis. Discus vaginifer. Stamina monadelpha, v. rarius filamento vexillari ima basi et supra medium libero subdiadelpho; anther uniformes. Ovarium substipitatum, lineare, co-ovulatum. Stylus incurvus, glaber, apice subdilatato-truncatus, stigmate terminali. Legumen oblongum v. lineare, compressum, subfaleatum, coriaceum, sutura vexillari subincrassata, valvis utrinque prope suturam nervo longitudinali auctis, sutura carinali nuda, isthmis cellulosis inter semina transversim oo-loculare. Semina ovata v. subrotundata, compressa, umbilico lineari estro- phiolato.—Herbee volubiles; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis, foliolis oppositis cum impari distante; sti- pellis minutis, setaceis v. nullis; stipulis parvis, orbiculatis v. verruciformibus; racemis axillaribus elongatis spiezeformibus; rhachi alternatim ramosa; floribus ad quemvis nodum solitariis v. ge- minis aut ternis fasciculatis subsessilibus pendulis; bracteis orbiculatis, calyci adpressis, caducis; calycibus seepe nigro-maculatis ; corollis roseis albis v. purpurascentibus.

*

1. C. obtusifolia, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 404; glabra v. ramulis junioribus sericeo-pubescen- tibus; caule prostrato v. scandente, rarius volubili; foliolis late obovatis v. orbiculatis obtusissimis v. retusis, subacuminatis; floribus roseis v. albidis; calycis labio superiore 2-fido, inferiore 3-fido ; vexillo orbiculari; carina valde curvata, obtusa; legumine lato nervis longitudinalibus angustis; seminibus 2-8, umbilico oblongo v. lineari.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 256.—Dolichos obtusifolius, Lam. Dict. vol. ii. p.295. D. rotundifolius, Vahl, Symb. vol. ii. p. 81. Glycine rosea, Forst. Prodr. n. 271, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 74. Rhynchosia rosea, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 387.— Common all over Viti (Seemann! n. 122). Also collected in Society Islands (Banks and Solander !), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !), Tongan Islands (Barclay !), and in Eastern Australia, South America, Africa, and tropical Asia.

9. C. sericea, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 440; sericeo-tomentosa ; foliolis obovato-rotundatis obtusis v. abrupte acuminatis, basi acutis v. rotundatis, supra demum glabris subtus eximie sericeis ; racemis plurifloris folia subsequantibus; floribus roseis; calycis glabriusculi labio superiore emar-

ginato 2-lobo, inferiore 3-fido; legumine tomentoso triplo quadruplove longiore quam lato; seminibus 3-4.—Glycine speciosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 288, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. t. 73 (ined.).—Viti Levu, at Rewa, Ovalau, and Direction Island (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander !).

I subjoin the manuscript description which Solander has given of his plant in the place above quoted, as it completes our knowledge of this little-known plant, and was made from fresh specimens, viz. :—

* Ogules herbacei, longissimi, volubiles, teretes, striati, villis brevissimis cinerascentes. Folia alterna, petiolata, ternata; foliola ovata, vel potius late elliptico-ovalia, aeuta, integerrima, supra glabra, subtus villis tenuibus albidis mollia, enervia, venosa, plerumque quadriuncialia, subzqualia, lateralia extus paulo latiora. Petioli subteretes, superne canali angusto exarati, striati, villis brevibus tecti, spithamei, extra petiolellos laterales producti, ut foliolum terminale spatio sesquiunciali a reliquis elevatum. Petiolelli

FLORA VITIENSIS. 59

equales, 3 vel 4 lineas longi, villosi. Stipulelle ad basin petiolellorum subulato-filiformes, pilosi; folioli terminalis trilineares, lateralium breviores. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii, teretes, villise inerascentes, longi, pedales et ultra, superne e callis alternis multiflori, sepe inter callos superiores flexuosi. Calli subglobosi, magnitudine seminis cannabini, glabri, distantes, inferiores valde remoti, singulus gerens floseulos plerumque binos interdum tres raro quatuor, pendulos magnos (sesquiunciales) e purpureo roseos, breviter pedicel- latos, unde modus florendi inter racemum et spicam. Pedicelli villosi, inferiores lineares, superiores sen- sim breviores. .Bractec duse opposite, ad basin calycis subrotunde, caducissime. Caly laxe urceolatus, parum compressus, magnus 2 uncias longus, villosiusculus, bilabiatus. Zabium superius magnum, bilobum ; lobis latissimis, obtusissimis, sinu angusto disjunctis. Labium inferius duplo brevius, trifidum; laciniis e lata basi lanceolatis, acutis; lateralibus sublunatis seu apice sursum flexis; intermedia recta. Corolla papilionacea, pallide e purpurascenti rosea. Vexillum obcordatum, reflexum, alis paulo brevius; ungue superne dilatato; ale oblonge, obtuse, anguste, apice parum adscendentes; unguibus denticulato- sursum flexo-acutis. Carina longitudine alarum, illis latior, antice adscendens, obtusa, apice et basi bifida. Fila- menta decem, coalita in cylindrum integrum pro germine increscente superne rumpentem, superne libera. Antherz ovate, incumbentes. Germen lineare, pubescens. Stylus filiformis, villis longiusculis preditus. Stigma simplex. .Legumina nobis non visa, ideoque differentia nostra specifica illis notis melius tradenda, distineta tamen species et potius Glycinis quam Dolichos, etsi stylus pubescens, calyce autem ex vexillo callis destituto ab his differt.”

3. C. turgida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5534; glaber; foliolis ovato-rhomboideis acutis v. ovali- oblongis retusis; leguminibus turgidis latitudine triplo longioribus; seminibus 4-5.— Viti Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Samoan, Tongan, Society, and Magsi Islands,

The above description i8 taken from an authentic though imperfect specimen without flowers, pre- served at the British Museum.

A fourth species of this genus, C. galeata, Gaud. (C. Gaudichaudii, Endl., C. pubescens, Hook. et Arn., Dolichos galeatus, Gaud.), is indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands.

X. Mucuna, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 325; Endl. Gen. n. 6665; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 254. Calyx campanulatus, 2-labiatus, labio superiore lato, integro v. emarginato, inferioris 3-fidi lobo medio longiore. Vexillum cordatum, ecallosum, alis et carinze brevibus incumbens; ale oblongo- lineares, conniventes, basi auriculis inter se cohzrentibus, carina e basi recta apice subfalcata, in rostrum acutum desinens. Stamina 10, alterna longiora, filamento vexillari libero 2-adelpha; antherz alternze oblonge, alternz ovate. ^ Ovarium sessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus longus, tenuis, inferne pilosus, apice glaber; stigma minutum. Legumen indehisdens v. tandem 2-valve, lineare, oblongum v. ovatum, l-co-spermum, inter semina torosum, extus ssepissime pilis prurientibus hirtum, intus isthmis cellulosis inter semina transversim oc-loculare. Semina rotunda, umbilico lineari zonata.— Suffrutices v. frutices, longe scandentes ; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis, foliolis stipellatis; racemis axil- laribus elongatis (usque ad 30 ped. long.) v. brevibus, umbelliformibus, fructiferis seepe pendulis, legu- minum pilis szepe fragillimis cutem penetrantibus.—Citta, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 557.

At the British Museum there are no specimens or drawings of the Tongan plant referred by Forster, with a mark of doubt, to Dolichos pruriens, Linn.; and it is impossible to guess what species he alluded to. Besides the two Mucunas enumerated below, only one has hitherto been collected in Polynesia, viz. M. urens, DC., in the Sandwich Islands. ON zie

1. M. (Zoophthalmum) platyphylla, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 443; fuivo-pubescens ; foliolis magnis rotundis apiculatis subtus reticulatis supra mox glabris; floribus cymosis viridulis ; legumi- nibus ovalibus plano-compressis transverse lamellosis, junioribus hispidissimis.—Ovalau and Viti Levu, at Rewa (U. S. Expl Exped.) and Taviuni (Seemann! n. 120). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander!). | ! dac set

This, rather than M. wrens, must be the species which Pickering found in the forests of Tahiti, as alluded to by A. Gray. i Son ae

2. M. (Stizolobium) gigantea, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 405; glabra v. subpilosa ; foliolis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, lateralibus obliquis; floribus corymbosis viridulis ; leguminibus crassis

* L2

60 FLORA VITIENSIS.

compressis, lamellis destitutis, junioribus hispidissimis.— Hook. Bot. Misc. vol. iii. t. Suppl. 14.

Rheed. Mal. vol. viii. t. 36. Carpopogon giganteum, Roxb. Cat. Cale. 54. Dolichos giganteus, Willd.

Spec. vol. iii. p. 1041. Citta nigricans, Lour. Fl. Coch. 557; Rumb. Amb. vol. v. t. 6.—In woods,

Taviuni (Seemann! n. 119), Ovalau, and Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the

Sandwich Islands (Barelay ! n. 1320), in Tana (Barclay ! n. 3486), and on the east coast of Australia. *

XI. Erythrina, Linn. Gen. n. 855; Endi. Gen. n. 6667; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 252. Calyx campanulatus v. tubulosus, oblique truncatus aut bilabiatus, hine fissus. Vexillum obovato- oblongum, ecallosum, incumbens, alas et carinam 2-petalam longissime superans. Stamina 10, recta, nune 2-adelpha, nunc filamento vexillari reliquis adherente, aut interdum abortivo, magis minusve l-adelpha; antherz conformes. Ovarium stipitatum, ac-ovulatum. Stylus glaber, rectus, apice breviter incurvus, subtus stigmatosus. Legumen stipitatum, lineari-faleatum, acuminatum, indehiscens, inter semina compressum, torulosum. Semina ovalia v. oblonga, distantia, umbilico laterali oblongo, estrophiolata.—Arbuscule v. frutices, rarius trunco subterraneo ramis annuis sub- herbacez ; caule foliisque interdum aculeatis; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis, foliolo terminali a reliquis remoto, stipellarum loco sepe glandulis stipitatis; stipulis parvis a petiolo distinctis ; racemis elon- gatis; pedicellis sepe 3-natim approximatis ; floribus szepe rubicundo-coccineis, rarius albis, speciosis ; bracteis minutis v. nullis; seminibus sæpissime rubro et nigro variegatis, nitidis.

Erythrina is represented in Polynesia by three species, the two enumerated below, and E. monosperma, Gaud., a native of the Sandwich Islands.

l. E. ovalifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 254; Wight, Icon. t. 247; arborea; ramis petio- lisque aculeatis; foliolis ovalibus, subtus albidis; stipellarum loco glandulis stipellatis; racemis ter- minalibus horizontalibus; vexillo obcordato; corolla obscure rubra.— Nomen vernac. “Drala Kaka.” —Island of Viwa (Seemann! n. 124). Also found in Manila and the East Indies.

Much rarer than the following species, though not confined to the small islet on which I collected my Specimens,

2. E. Indica, Lam. Dict. vol. ii. p. 391; var. a. arborea, glabra; ramis aculeatis; petiolis iner- mibus; foliolis late ovatis integerrimis, terminali rhomboideo, lateralibus obhquis; floribus racemosis | coccineis v. albis; vexillo ovato stipitato.— Wight, Icon. t. 58. Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 253. DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 419.— E. Corallodendron, Forst. Prodr. n. 268, non Linn.; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 70. E. Corallodendron, var. B. Linn. Spec. 992. Nomen vernac. “ Drala” v. “Drala dina?— Common throughout the group, and often planted (Seemann! n. 125). Also

collected in the Society (Banks and Solander!) and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), the east coast of New Holland, the East Indies, and the Archipelago.

Var. 8; floribus albis.— Much rarer than var. a.

The flowering of the Drala, which takes place about the end of July or the beginning of August, is the general signal for planting the yams, and one of the natural phenomena upon which the Fijian calendar is based. For this reason this tree is found near almost every village, either wild or planted. The wood is soft and useless; the seeds are used by children for toys, or by the heathen priests to cover the so-called

oracle-boxes.

XII. Strongylodon, Vogel in Linnza, vol. x. p. 585; Endl. Gen. n. 6668; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 445. Calyx campanulatus, truncatus seu 4—5.dentatus, dentibus obtusis v. obsoletis. Vexillum ovato-oblongum, acutum, demum recurvo-patentissimum, basi breviter unguiculatum et membranula inflexa appendiculatum, intus 2-callosum. Ale subfaleatz, vexillo et carina multo minores, Carina gamopetala, falcata, rostrata, vexillo equilonga. Stamina 10, 2-adelpha ; anther fere uniformes. Ovarium stipitatum 1-pauciovulatum ; stylus capillaris, longissimus, stigmate sub- capitato penicillato terminatus. Legumen oblongum, turgidum, 1-2-spermum. Semina suborbicu-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 61

lata, compressa.—Frutices v. suffrutices, caulibus gracilibus volubilibus, inermes, glaberrimee ; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis stipellatis; racemis elongatis oo-floris; pedicellis gracilibus ad nodos fascicu- latis; floribus rubris. :

1. S. lucidum, Seem. ; foliolis ovatis membranaceis; racemis folio duplo longioribus; pedicellis flore eequilongis; calyce basi bibracteolato manifeste 4—5-dentato, dentibus obtusissimis, carina fal- cato-incurva; legumine inflato 1-2-spermo, seminibus nigris.—G/ycine lucida, Forst. Prodr. n. 272, et Icon. (ined.) t. 197. Rhynchosia lucida, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 387. Stronyylodon ruber, Vogel in Linn. vol. x. p. 585; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 446. t. 48. Mucuna altissima, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 81, non alior. Harpetropis speciosus, Nutt. in Herb. Hook.—In woods, Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 113). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster !) and the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae! Barclay! Nuttall!)

XIII. Phaseolus, Linn. Gen. n. 886; Endl. Gen. n. 6674; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 256. Calyx campanulatus v. subtubulosus, apice 4-fidus v. lacinia suprema 2-fida 5-fidus. Vexillum orbi- culatum, recurvo-patens v. subtortum, basi angustatum, margine utroque subauriculatum, membrana inflexa auctum, medio nudum, v. longitudinaliter 2-callosum, callis sæpe confluentibus, ale obovate v. oblong:e, supra unguem carinze adhzerentes, apice supra eandem conniventes, carina vexillum zequans v. superans, obovata, apice acuminato-rostrata, rostro spiraliter torto. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero, supra basin geniculato et seepe appendiculato 2-adelpha. Discus vaginifer. Ovarium sub- sessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus cum carina tortus, basi subulatus, supra medium cartilagineus, subdila- tatus, infra stigma subtus barbatus; stigma crassiusculum, basi ciliatum, plus minus obliquum. Legumen lineare v. faleatum, plus minus compressum v. teretiusculum. Seminum umbilicus parvus, oblongus, nudus v. strophiolo tenui membranacea auctus.—Frutices v. herb: volubiles, prostrate v. suberecte; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis, rarius 1-foliolatis, stipellis oblongis ovatis v. subulatis; stipulis plerumque persistentibus, lineato-plurinerviis, seepe basi breviter infra insertionem produetis ; pedunculis axillaribus, supra medium floriferis; floribus in fasciculos paucifloros dispositis, fasciculorum rhachi persistente, nodiformi; bracteis stipulis conformibus, sepissime ante anthesin deciduis ; bracteolis oblongis, ovatis v. orbiculatis, lineatis, sæpe caducis; calycibus intus glabris; corollis glabris, albis flavescentibus rubris v. purpureis.

1. P. Truxillensis, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. vol. vi. p. 451; volubilis, glaber v. plus minus pilosus, pilis caulinis reflexis, foliorum adpressis v. sericeis, foliolis late ovatis obtusis v. breviter acu- minatis, terminali subrhomboideo, lateralibus valde obliquis; stipellis minutis oblongis; stipulis par- vis infra insertionem non productis; pedunculis plerumque elongatis paucifloris; pedicellis brevis- simis; bracteolis calyce brevioribus, deciduis; floribus majusculis purpurascentibus albo-roseis v. flavo-violaceis; calycis lobis superioribus brevibus, latis, obtusis, inferiore acuto; legumine com- presso, recto v. falcato.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 257. P. amenus, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 533, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. (ined.) t. 7; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Ocean. Pacif. p. 285 (ined.). P. rostratus, Wall. Plaut. Asiat. Rar. vol. i. p. 50. t. 63; Wight, Icon. t. 34.— Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 116; Barclay! U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also found in Tahiti (Banks and Solander ! Forster !), in the Sandwich (Menzies! Nuttall! Macrae!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped. » on the east coast of Australia, South America, and nearly all tropical countries.

2. P. Mungo, Linn. Mant. 101; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 257; plus minus hirsutus, pilis caulinis reflexis, foliorum adpressis ; eaule elongato volubili v. erecto; foliolis ovatis, acutis v. acumi- natis, integerrimis v. minute 3-lobis, lateralibus valde obliquis ; stipulis majusculis, oblongis, infra insertionem productis ; floribus parvulis, pallide flavis, racemosis v. in fasciculos 2-3 aggregatis ; bracteolis parvis, valde deciduis; calycis lobis 2 superioribus brevissimis, latis, inferiore acuto; carina sinistrorsum nes legumine cylindrico, hirsuto v. rarius subglabro.—P. Roxburghii, .

62 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Wight et Arn. Prodr. 246. P. trinervius, Heyne; Wight et Arn. l.c. p. 245. P. radiatus, Roxb.— Viti Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Tongan Islands (Barclay ! n. 5395).

Barclay also collected in the Sandwich Islands the widely-diffused Phaseolus lunatus, Linn.

XIV. Vigna, Savi, Diss. 1824, p. 16; Endl. Gen. n. 6675; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 258. Calyx campanulatus, apice 4-fidus, lobo supremo obtuso integro v. 2-fido, infimo sspe paullo longiore. Vexillum latum, reflexum, basi callo semilunari v. faleato et appendicibus 2, deorsum subgibbosis ; ale subrhomboidez, hine hamatz, carina haud torta, angulo rectiusculo inflexa, subrostrata. Sta- mina 10, filamento vexillari libero, basi geniculato haud appendiculato 2-adelpha. Discus vaginifer. Ovarium substipitatum, co-ovulatum. Stylus canaliculatus; stigma infra apicem laterale, oblongum, ciliato-barbatum. Legumen teres v. compressiusculum, rectum v. subfaleatum, subtorulosum, isthmis cellulosis inter semina transversim oc-loculare. Semina oblongo-reniformia, estrophiolata.— Herb suffruticosz,, volubiles; folis pinnatim 3-foliolatis; floribus racemosis, plurimis v. paucis in apice peduneuli crassi sessilibus; calycibus deciduis 2-bracteolatis.

1. V. lutea, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 452; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 259; subrobusta, . prostrata scandens v. volubilis, subglabra v. ramis junioribus canescentibus v. sericeis; pilis medio affixis; foliolis orbicularibus obovatis v. ovato-rhomboideis, seepe obtusissimis; stipulis brevibus, latis, stipellis obtusis; floribus flavis, in apice pedunculi fascieulatim aggregatis; calycis labio supero brevi lato; carina lata, valde incurva, subacuta; stigmate oblongo ; legumine glabro, recto v. curvato. —D. luteus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. vol. iii. p. 1246. V. retusa, Walp. Rep. vol. i. p. 778. V. anomala, Walp. Rep. vol. i. p. 779 (Scythalis, Vogel). Dolichos luteolus, Forst. Prodr. n. 269, et Icon. (ined.) t. 196 (non alior.). Dolichos luteus, Sol. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 287, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Pl. t. 72 (ined.).—4A common seaside weed, growing with Canavalia obtusifolia and Ipomea Pes-capre (Seemann! n. 121). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander!) and Sandwich Islands, the east coast of New Holland, tropical Asia, Southern Africa, and the West Indies.

Additional Polynesian species of Vigna, as yet not met with in Viti, are: V. Oahuensis, Vogel (V. vil- losa, Hook. et Arn., non Savi), and V. Sandwichensis, A. Gray, both from the Hawaiian Islands.

XV. Lablab, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 325 ; Endl. Gen. n. 6677. Calyx campanulato-tubulosus, 4.fidus, lacinia suprema lata, obtusa, 3 inferioribus acutis. Vexillum patens, basi canaliculatum, callis 4, 2 superioribus prominentibus; alee liberz, carina falcata, ad angulum rectum incurva, haud torta. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari inter petali callos recepto, a reliquis libero, 2-adelpha. Discus vaginifer. Ovarium stipitatum, oc-ovulatum. Stylus compressus, parte superiore subtus barbatus ; stigma terminale, truncatum, glabrum. Legumen compressum, planum, acinaciforme, juxta utram- que suturam tuberculato-muricatum, sub-4-spermum, isthmis cellulosis inter semina interceptum. Semina ovata, subcompressa, callo fungoso, semicirculari marginata.— Herbze volubiles ; foliis pin- natim 3-foliolatis; foliolis stipellatis, integris; stipulis patentibus; racemis pedunculatis, basi 1- phyllis; pedicellis semiverticillatis; calycibus 2-bracteolatis; seminibus nigris v. fuscis, callo albo.

l. L. vulgaris, Savi, Diss. 1821, p. 19. f. 8 a, b, c; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 401; leguminibus | oblongo-ventricosis acinaciformibus, pericarpio facile detractili; seminibus ovatis subcompressis,

glandula basilari hemispherica suleata.— Dolichos Lablab, Linn. Spec. p. 1019; Lam. Dict. vol. ii. p.298. L. niger, Moench, Meth. 153.

Var. albiflorus, DC. 1. c.; caule pallido; floribus albis; seminibus pallide ferrugineis.—Dolichos Bengalensis, Jacq. Hort. Vindob. vol. ii. t. 124. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Dralawa.’—In Taviuni and other parts of Viti, on the beach (Seemann! n. 118; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Tahiti (Capt. Cook !). 3.

During my stay in Taviuni we used the beans of this plant as a vegetable, but the natives did not

FLORA VITIENSIS. 63

seem aware that they were edible. It is difficult to say whether the plant has been introduced; the fact that it has in Viti a native name, and was gathered in Tahiti in Cook's voyages, are arguments in favour of its being a native. At all events, if introduced, it is now perfectly naturalized in Viti.

XVI. Pachyrrhizus, Rich. mss. ex DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 402; Endl. Gen. n. 6679. Calyx urceolatus, 4-lobus, lobo superiore lato emarginato. "Vexillum suborbiculatum, patens, ecallosum, basi 2-plicatum, plicis alarum ungues involvens; alee semilunatz, appendice filiformi, carina incurva, haud torta. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero 2-adelpha, alterna breviora, vagina basi tumida, hians. Discus annularis, crenatus. Ovarium oo-ovulatum. Styli pars superior glabra, spiraliter torta; stigma magnum. Legumen lineare, compressum, rectum, oo-spermum, isthmis inter semina interceptum. Semina orbicularia, compressa, umbilico angustato.— Herb:, radice tuberosa eduli; caule volubili, suffrutescente ; foliis pinnatim 3-foliolatis ; foliolis stipellatis; racemis axillaribus, inter- dum elongatis; floribus supra rhaches partiales nodiformes fasciculatis, violaceo-céruleis ; calycibus basi decidua 2-bracteolatis.— Cacara, Thouars in Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. v. p. 35.

1. P. trilobus, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 402; caulibus suffruticosis hirsutis, foliolis 3-lobatis pubescentibus; floribus purpureis in medio vexilli flavo maculatis.—P. mollis, Hassk. Flora, vol. xxv.; Beibl, vol. ii. p. 74? Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Yaka” v.‘ Wa Yaka."—Rather common on the coast of the larger islands (Seemann! n. 114). Also gathered in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and in New Caledonia (Charles Moore !).

Amongst the esculent roots growing wild, and eagerly sought for just before the regular crops come in, or in times of scarcity caused by intertribal wars during the planting season, or by unfavourable weather, may be named the Yaka or Wa yaka, a Papilionaceous creeper, with trifoliated leaves and whitish flowers tinged with purple. In September and October its tubers send forth new shoots, which grow with rapidity and yield a tough fibre, invaluable for fishing-nets, the floats of which are the square fruits of the Vutu rakaraka (Barringtonia speciosa, Linn.). The plant delights in open exposed places and a rich vege- table soil, where the roots, which generally assume a horizontal direction, often attain from six to eight feet in length and the thickness of a man’s thigh. When cooked, they have a dirty-white colour, and a slightly starchy but otherwise insrpid flavour, much inferior, I thought, to that of wild yams. However, Mr. Charles Moore, of Sydney, ate them in New Caledonia, and is inclined to pronounce more favourably upon their taste. Living plants were brought by him to the Sydney botanic garden, where they are now growing with native vigour in the open air. The Yaka also plays a part in certain native ceremonies.

XVII. Abrus, Linn. Gen. n. 1286; Endl. Gen. n. 6698; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 270. Calyx campanulatus, truncatus v. breve et lato dentatus. "Vexillum ovatum. Stamina 9, 1-adelpha, basi vexili ungui adhzrentia. Ovarium sessile, oo-ovulatum. Stylus brevis; stigma capitatum. Legumen oblongum v. lineare, compressum, 4-6-spermum, isthmis inter semina transversim co-locu-. latum. Semina subglobosa, estrophiolata.—Frutices scandentes v. diffusi; foliis abrupte pinnatis oc-jugis; floribus racemosis; pedicellis e nodis tuberculiformibus erumpentibus; bracteis minutis v. nullis; bracteolis nullis.

l. A. precatorius, Linn. Syst. 533; glaber v. subpubescens, foliolis 7-10-jugis oblongo- ellipticis v. rarius obovatis; floribus roseis v. rarius albidis v. purpureis; legumine sessili, glabro Ek lepidoto; seminibus rubris nigro plus minus maculatis, interdum sanguineis albis rufis atris.— Rumph. Amb. vol. v. t. 32; Rheed. Mal. vol. viii. t. 39; Lam. Ill. t. 608. f. 1. A. pauciflorus, Desv. in Aun; Sc. Nat. vol. ix. p. 418. A. squamulosus, E. Meyer, Comm. Plant. Afr. Austr. p. 126. Glycine Abrus, Linn. Spec. 1025. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Lere damu” v. “ Diridamu. Dop- mon in the woods all over Viti (Seemann! n. 110! Barclay !). Also collected in Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !), and in Tahiti (Banks and Solander !), the Samoan and Tongan Islands, the east coast of Australia, India and the Archipelago and South n : y ui em

i inv i b’s tears (Cois Lacryma, Linn.), a grass growing in swamps and Med doe xi ipie at ape ts La the Diridamu, Quiridamu, or Leredamu (Abrus

precatorius, Linn.), which have a bright red colour and a black spot, are affixed with breadfruit gum to the

64 FLORA VITIENSIS.

outside of certain oracle boxes. These boxes, of which Wilkes has given fair illustrations in his ‘ Narrative of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, have a more or less pyramidal shape, and are kept in the temples, as the supposed abode of the spirit consulted through the priests. Toys, consisting of cocoa-nut shells, and covered with these materials, are occasionally seen in the hands of native children, and they have rather a pretty effect.

XVIII. Pterocarpus, Linn. Gen. 854; Endl. Gen. n. 6705. Calyx turbinato-subincurvus, 2-labiatim breviter 5-dentatus. Vexillum orbiculare, basi angustatum, alas obovatas obliquas su- perans, carina obovato-oblonga, petalis liberis, stipite incurvo, lamina alis subsimili minore. Sta- mina 10, varie connexa, antheris ovatis. Ovarium stipitatum, pauciovulatum. Stylus vix incurvus, glaber, stigmate tenui terminali. Legumen suborbiculare, compressum, coriaceum, sublignosum, indehiscens, ala membranaceo-coriacea undique cinctum, axi valde incurvo mucrone styli basim indi- cante laterali, 1-spermum, v. transversim in loculos 2-3 monospermos divisum. Semina oblonga v. subreniformia, compressa, radicula brevi, parum incurva.—Arbores v. frutices; foliis imparipinnatis ; stipulis deciduis; foliolis alternis; inflorescentia paniculatim ramosa, axillari v. terminali; bracteis bracteolisque deciduis szepius minutis.

1. P. Indicus, Willd. Spec. vol. iii. p. 904; arboreus; foliolis 5—9 alternis ovatis acutis glabris ; racemis axillaribus simplicibus ramosisque; staminibus inzqualiter diadelphis (nempe 1 et 9) ; legu- minibus suborbiculatis acutis mucronatis 2—9-spermis.—Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. t. 70; Roxb. Cat. p.93. P. Draco, Lam. Ill. t. 602. f. 2. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Cibicibi."—Vanua Levu (See- mann! n. 129). Common in the East Indies and the Archipelago.

This tree, of which I collected merely the foliage, yields a hard, durable timber, which has fine red stripes. It is the Lingo or Lingo-achera tree of the Indian Archipelago, and also produces a kind of dragon's-blood. The juice expressed from the fresh leaves is used by the Malays for a certain skin disease

(Lappar Garain), and the young leaves are applied by them to ulcers. The tree is often planted in the East Indies on account of its fine foliage and flowers.

XIX. Dalbergia, Linn. fil. Suppl. 52. excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 6717 ; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p.270. Calyx campanulatus, 5-fidus, lobis brevibus, inferioribus longioribus. Vexillum obovatum v. orbiculatum. Carina obtusa. Stamina 8-10, monadelpha, vagina postice fissa, v. equaliter 2- adelpha, antheris didymis minutis erectis, apice dehiscentibus. Ovarium stipitatum, lineare, com- pressum, 1-4-ovulatum. Stylus brevis, incurvus; stigma terminale. Legumen stipitatum, membra- naceum, compresso-planiusculum, reticulato-venosum, oblongum lineare v. rarius falcatum, valvis inter semina concretis, indehiscens, 1-4-spermum. Semina distantia, compressa, reniformia, em- bryonis radicula inflexa.— Arbores v. frutices, sepe scandentes; foliis pinnatis exstipellatis; foliolis plerumque alternis; floribus racemosis cymosis v. irregulariter paniculatis; pedicellis articulatis; - bracteis bracteolisque minutis.

1, D. monosperma, Dalzel in Kew Misc. vol. ii. p. 36; fruticosa, volubilis; stipulis linearibus ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliolis 5 alternis obovatis v. cuneato-ovalibus apice mucronulatis supra gla- berrimis subtus glaucescentibus minute puberulis, petiolis pedunculisque pubescentibus; racemis axillaribus solitariis v. geminis simplicibus paucifloris, folio multo brevioribus; calycis glabri laciniis rotundatis parvis; corolla (alba) calyce subduplo longiore; staminibus 10 in vaginam* supra fissam coalitis; antheris transverse dehiscentibus; ovario glabro l-ovulato; legumine pollicari obscure reti- culato lunulato l-spermo, semine compresso reniformi.— D. torta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5879; Benth. in Plant. Jungh. p. 256.—Common on the seaside all over Viti (Seemann! n. 128; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Widely diffused over the East Indies, Penang, Singapore, and China.

XX. Derris, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 525; Endl. Gen. n. 6732; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 272. Calyx truncatus v. brevi et lato dentatus. Vexillum obovatum v. orbiculatum, carina subincurva.

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 65

Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero 2-adelpha; anthers conformes. Ovarium sessile v. substipita- tum, co-ovulatum. Stylus incurvus; stigma terminale, minutum. Legumen compressum, oblongum, v. lineare, rectum v. subincurvum, membranaceum v. coriaceum ; sutura seminifera indehiscens, anguste alata. Semina solitaria v. 2-3, compressa, orbicularia v. reniformia.— Arbores v: frutices scandentes; foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis oppositis; stipellis stipulisque minutis v. nullis; racemis axillaribus v. lateralibus, albis flavidis v. violaceis; bracteis bracteolisque minutis deciduis.— Bra- chypterum, Wight et Arn. ; Endl. Gen. n. 6712.

l. D. uliginosa, Benth. in Plant. Jungh. vol. i. p. 252; Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 272; scandens; glabra; foliolis 5—7, ovatis v. ovato-oblongis breviter et obtuse acuminatis, subcoriaceis lucidis; race- mis axillaribus lateralibus v. terminalibus; floribus breve pedicellatis, vexillo late ovato alis et caring subzquali; ovulis 4-6; legumine suborbiculari valde compresso utrinque obtuso valde obliquo; seminibus 1—2.— Pongamia: uliginosa, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 416. P. religiosa, Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. vol. iii. p. 301, et in Suppl. t. 41, sub nom. P. triphylla. Mimosa e N. Caledonia, Forst. Prodr. et in Sched. Herbarii Mus. Brit. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Duva."—4A common seaside climber, growing with Hibiscus tiliaceus and Ximenia elliptica (Seemann! n. 127; Storck! n. 883; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), New Caledonia (Forster !), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray!), the east coast of New Holland, East Indies, Indian Archipelago, China, and south-east Africa.

Grows plentiful on the sea-beach, and by its long running root-stock helps to keep the same together. The flowers appear from every part of the plant, and occasionally, as specially noticed by Mr. Storck (* Bon- plandia,’ vol. x. p. 296), from the roots. The leaves are pounded and thrown in the water by the natives for the purpose of first stupefying and then catching fish, the process being the same as I saw it practised by the American Indians in the Isthmus of Panama, and elsewhere.

XXI. Pongamia, Vent. Malm. t. 28; Endl. Gen. p. 6713; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 273. Calyx cyathiformis, oblique truncatus, obsolete 5-dentatus. Vexillum orbiculare, reflexum; ale obtuse, carinam subincurvam obtusam equantes. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari libero 2-adelpha; anther conformes. Ovarium subsessile, 2-ovulatum. Stylus incurvus; stigma minutum, terminale. Legumen coriaceum, compressum, oblique ovato-oblongum v. subfaleatum, 1-spermum, indehiscens, apterum, valvulis intus concavis. Semina reniformia.— Arbor; foliis imparipinnatis estipellatis ; racemis axillaribus; bracteis deciduis, bracteolis minutis v. nullis.

l. P. glabra, Vent. Malm. t. 28; Benth. l.c. p. 273; inflorescentia excepta glabra; foliolis 5-7 ovatis breve et obtuse acuminatis; racemis laxis; floribus plerumque geminis; legumine sessili v. subsessiliimNomen vernac. “ Vesi ni wai” v. ** Vesivesi."— Common on the seacoast all over Viti (Seemann! n. 126; Storck! n. 884; Sir E. Home! Greffe! n. 29; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !). Common on the east and north coast of New Holland, Southern India, and the Archipelago.

The wood is used by the natives; and from a certain resemblance to that of the Vesi (Afzelia bijuga, A. Gray), and because it always grows near the seabeach, it has received the name of * Vesi ni wai," i.e. Water Vesi.

XXII. Sophora, Linn. Gen. n. 308; Endl. Gen. n. 6738; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 274. Calyx late campanulatus, oblique truncatus, obsolete v. breviter 5-dentatus. Vexillum obovatum v. rotundatum, erectum v. reflexum, in unguem angustatum; ale oblongz, erecte, liberz; carina obtusa, petalis dorso se invicem involventibus subconnatis. Stamina 10 ; filamentis liberis v. inter- dum basi cohzrentibus; antherz conformes. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, co-ovulatum. Stylus incurvus; stigma terminale, minutum. Legumen moniliforme, carnosum, coriaceum v. lignosum, indehiscens v. demum 2-valve. Semina globosa, oblonga v. compressa, estrophiolata ; cotyledones

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66 FLORA VITIENSIS.

carnose ; radicula incurva v. rectiuscula.—Arbores frutices v. suffrutices ; foliis imparipinnatis esti- pellatis v. stipellis minutis adnatis; racemis v. paniculis terminalibus; floribus albis flavis v. rarius violaceis; bracteis minutis deciduis; bracteolis plerumque nullis.— Edwardsia, Salisb. in Linn. Trans. vol. ix. p. 299. t. 26.

Sophora, as now circumscribed by Bentham, includes Edwardsia, and is represented in tropical Poly- nesia by S. chrysophylla, Seem. = Edwardsia chrysophylla, Salisb., from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies! Macrae !), S. tetraptera, Linn. = E. microphylla, Salisb., the villose small-leaved form, from Easter Island (Captain Cook! in Mus. Brit.), and S. tomentosa, Linn., a widely-diffused seaside shrub.

l. S. tomentosa, Linn. Spec. 533; fruticosa v. arbuscula, incano-tomentosa; foliolis 11-17 late ovatis v. orbiculatis, obtusissimis v. retusis subcarnosis, quandoque subsericeis, rarius glabris ; racemis terminalibus, laxis; calyce truncato subedentato; corolla pallide flava; legumine indehis- cente distincte moniliformi 5—10-spermo.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 274; Griseb. Fl. West Ind. p.208. S. occidentalis, Linn. Spec. 533. S. Navarensis, Jacq. Amer. 118. t. 173. f. 1. flos. Astra- galus lanuginosus, Desc. Fl. vol. vii. t. 375. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kau ni alewa ^ (Women's tree).—Common on the seabeach all over the group (Seemann! n. 130; Storck! n. 886). Also collected in Tahiti (Forster! Barclay !), Uvea or Wallis Island (Greffe! n. 38), Botanists’ Island, : off New Caledonia (Forster!), and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Diffused over the east coast of New Holland, the West Indies, South America, tropical Africa, and the East Indies.

SusonDo II. OZSSALPINIEJE.— Flores plerumque 5-meri. Corolla irregularis v. subirregu- laris, petalis imbricatis, superiore interiore. Stamina 10 v. pauciora, omnia libera.

XXIII. Ceesalpinia, Plum. Gen. t. 9; Endl. Gen. n. 6765. Calyx tubo urceolato, limbi 5- partiti laciniis subzqualibus v. antica majore concava. Petala 5, wqualia v. subinzqualia. Sta- mina 10, libera; antherz conformes. Ovarium sessile v. stipitatum, 2-ovulatum. Stylus subulatus; | stigma minutum. Legumen ovatum, oblongum v. lineari-faleatum, compressum, inerme v. echina- tum, coriaceum, 2—]-spermum, 2.valve. Semina ovoidea, globosa v. compressa, exalbuminosa.— Arbores v. frutices scandentes, utplurimum aculeatz; foliis 2-pinnatis stipulatis v. exstipulatis; flori- bus racemosis v. paniculatis, flavis.— Guilandina, Juss. Gen. 350.; Endl. Gen. n. 6763.

Bentham finds it impossible to retain the genus Guilandina as distinct from Cesalpinia, and the two are therefore united. Besides the two species enumerated below, there is in tropieal Polynesia the widely- diffused C. Nuga, Ait., which M‘Gillivray collected in Eromanga, and Lesson in Vanikoro.

l. C. Bonducella, Flem. Asiat. Research. vol. xi. p. 159; scandens, aculeata villosa v. pubes- cens; foliolis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis; stipulis foliaceis deciduis ; leguminibus echinatis; semi- nibus griseis.— Guilandina Bonducella, Linn. Spec. 545. G. Bonduc. var. minor, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 480; Rumph. Amb. t. 49. f. 1; Lam. Ill. t. 336. G. gemina, Lour. Fl. Cochin. vol. i. p. 345. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, *Soni."— Common on the seaside (Seemann! n.132). Collected by Forster, probably in New Caledonia (not New Zealand, as (by a misprint?) is stated in his * Prodro- mus’). Also found in the Sandwich (Menzies! Macrae! Nuttall !), Marquesas (Barclay !), and Society Islands (Barclay! n. 3284).

The characters which Bentham (Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 277) assigns to Guilandina Bonducella and: Bon- duc hold good as far as I have been able to judge from the specimens examined. There are at the British Museum fruit specimens of both the grey-seeded (G. Bonducella) and yellow-seeded species (G. Bonduc). There is also an authentic specimen of G. gemina, Lour., which I have referred to C. Bonducella. 1 do not find specimens of Loureiro’s Guilandia Bondue, which, if his description of the fruit can be trusted, would seem to be no Cesalpinia at all, having 6 -7 oblong-ovate seeds, whilst Cesalpinia has not more than 2.

; 2. C. Bonduc, Benth. ; scandens, aculeata, pubescens v. subglabra; foliolis ovatis v. ovato-acu- minatis; stipulis nullis; leguminibus echinatis; seminibus flavis.—Guilandina Bonduc, Linn. Spec.

915. G. Bonduc, var. major, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 480; Rumph. Amb. t. 48. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Soni,"—Seabeach of Vanua Levu (Williams !),

`

" FLORA VITIENSIS. 67

The specimen is in leaf only, and hence somewhat doubtful.

XXIV. Cassia, Linn. Gen. n. 514; Endl. Gen. n. 6781; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 279. Sepala 5, subinzequalia, exteriore minore, vix ima basi coalita, valde imbricata. Petala 5, plus minus inzequalia. Stamina 10, ineequalia v. rarius zequalia, 3 postica sæpe sterilia, interdum 5 alterna defi- cientia; filamenta filiformia v. subulata, libera; antherze 2-loculares, apice rima brevi v. poro duplici dehiscentes, basi simul aperte. Ovarium sessile v. sepissime stipitatum, co-ovulatum. Stylus fili- formis; stigma simplex v. minute ciliatum, interdum incrassato-tumidum. Legumen teres v. com- presso-planum, lignosum, coriaceum v. membranaceum, indehiscens v. 2-valve, l-loculare v. septis transversis oo-locellatum, interdum pulpa farctum, oc-spermum. Semina septis parallele v. con-- trarie compressa, albuminosa. Embryo rectus.—Arbores frutices suffrutices v. herb; inermes; folis alternis, simpliciter et abrupte pinnatis, foliolis 1—oc-jugis integerrimis; stipulis petiolaribus geminis; petiolis szepissime glandulosis; floribus utplurimum flavis, racemosis v. solitariis.

l. C. (Chameefistula) levigata, Willd. Enum. vol. i. p. 441; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 282; fruticosa, erecta, glabra ; foliolis 3—4-, rarius 2-jugis ovatis v. lanceolatis plerumque acuminatis, glan- dula oblonga acutiuscula inter omnia paria; racemis axillaribus pedunculatis brevibus v. subcorym- bosis, superioribus subpaniculatis; sepalis ineequalibus; petalis latis obtusissimis; staminibus ferti- libus 4 subsessilibus; leguminibus membranaceis v. subcoriaceis, cylindraceis v. plus minus inflatis, 2-valvibus, seminibus co, septis parallelis v. contrarie dispositis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Winivi- nikau."— Near the village of Vuniwaivutuki, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 136). Also found in Eastern Australia and in America.

2. C. (Chameefistula) Sophora, Linn. Spec. 542; fruticosa v. suffruticosa, erecta glabra v. _ subglabra; foliolis 4—10-jugis lanceolatis, plerumque acutis, glandula ad basin petioli oblonga v. ovata acuta; racemis axillaribus v. terminalibus, paucifloris, sepe subpaniculatis; petalis latis obtusis; sta- minibus fertilibus 2; leguminibus demum teretibus v. turgidis, 2-valvibus; seminibus plerumque sep- tis parallelis.—In waste places of Viti (Williams!). Also collected in New Caledonia (M*Gillivray !), Tongan Islands (Forster !), Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !), and on the east coast of New Holland.

Authors have confoundéd this species with C. occidentalis and C. purpurea, two species belonging to a very different section of the genus. As C. Gaudichaudii of the Sandwich Islands, it is truly indigenous to Polynesia, whatever may be the claims of the other species to be recognized as endemic.

3. C. (Prososperma) obtusifolia, Linn. Spéc. 539, excl. syn. Rumph. ; annua v. suffruticosa, erecta, glabrescens; foliolis 2-3-jugis obovatis basi cuneatis, subtus pubescentibus, glandula oblongo- cylindracea acuta inter infima; stipulis lineari-setaceis, deciduis; pedunculis paucifloris; leguminibus longis goesa recurvis compresso-tetragonis chartaceis glabris levibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kau moce."— Common in cultivated and waste places, in the small ipii coste of the larger islands of Viti (Seemann ! n. 135). í

4. C. (Chamsesenna) glauca, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 647; fruticosa v. arborescens; foliolis 4-6- jugis ovali-oblongis v. ovalibus obtuse acuminatis, subtus ERAR puberulis v. subglabris, glandula ovata sessili inter 3—4 paria inferiora ; stipulis lineari-subulatis falcatis; racemis axillaribus subcorym- bosis; pedicellis bracteatis ; fésatoiufbüs membranaceis oblotive-lineabitias erectis glabris; semi- nibus oblongis.—C, Surattensis, Burm. Ind. 97. C. sulfurea, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 495. C. arbo- rescens, Vahl, Symb. vol. iii. p. 56, non Mill.—Ovalau and Oneata ee 8S. pis Exped.). Widely diffused in both the East and West Indies. mr oe

5. C. (Chamzesenna) occidentalis, Linn. — 539; annua v. Kladfruticoes, pubescens V. pube- rula; foliolis 4—12-jugis ovato-lanceolatis v. lanceolatis acuminatis, glandula crassa ad basin petioli ; stipulis lineari-setaceis deciduis ; disse brevibus dcs nd qu bracteatis ; leguminibus

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68 FLORA VITIENSIS.

um

oblongo-linearibus marginatis compressis, demum biconvexo-subcylindraceis.—Griseb. Fl. West Ind. p.209. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kau moce."— Common in waste and cultivated places throughout the group (Seemann! n. 234). Widely diffused throughout the tropics of both hemispheres.

Is said to be a comparatively recent introduction to the Viti islands, and to have been disseminated by the natives on account of the leaves “ going to sleep " when night approached; hence the vernacular name “ Kau moce,” the sleeping shrub, given to this. species and C. obtusifolia, perhaps also to C. Sophora. The leaves of C. occidentalis are employed in many tropical countries as a purgative.

XXV. Storckiella, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 255, et vol. x. p. 363. t. 6. Sepala 5 v. abortu 3—4, subzequalia, libera, decidua, valde imbricata. Petala 5, abortu 3 v. 4, obovato-oblonga, obtusa, subzequalia. Stamina 10, v. per excessum 12, eequalia, omnia fertilia; filamenta filiformia, . libera; anthers 2-loculares, apice poro duplici dehiscentes. Ovarium sessile, 4—6-ovulatum. Stylus brevis; stigma terminale, simplex. Legumen compresso-planum, oblongum v. subcultriforme, dorso late alatum, coriaceum, 2-Valve, 1-loculare, 2—4-spermum. Semina septis parallele compressa, rotun- data, albuminosa.—Arbores excelsz, glabrz; foliis alternis stipulatis imparipinnatis ; floribus pani- culatis flavis. -

This new genus I have named in honour of Mr. Jacob Storek, who during my explorations of the Viti Islands was my able assistant, and who, up to the date of publieation of this work, has continued to forward additions to my Flora. The species (Vitiensis) upon which the genus was founded was originally dis- covered by Mr. Milne, attached to Captain, now Admiral Denham’s expedition. But his specimens were so imperfect that they were left undetermined in the Kew Herbarium until I brought additional materials, including ripe fruit, which I collected during the very last hours of my stay in Fiji. A second species has since come to light. It was discovered in New Caledonia, distributed as Cassia Pancheri, Vieill. Plant. Util. Nov. Cal. n. 402, and has been named S. Pancheri, Benth. ; its leaflets are obtuse.

l. S. Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonpl. l.c. t. 6 (Tab. XIII); foliolis petiolulatis subalternis (usque ad 13) ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis; stipulis peuolaribus; floribus terminalibus panicu- latis aureis. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Marasa."—Viti Levu (Milne!), Ovalau, at Port Kinnaird (Seemann! n. 133).

A. forest tree, 60—80 feet high, known by the name of Marisa, and esteemed on account of its durable | timber. The largest trees I saw had a trunk nine feet in circumference, and a slender growth. The bark is smooth. The imparipinnate leaves and the leaflets are alternate and glabrous, as are, with the exception of the ovary, all the other parts of the tree. The leaflets are petiolulate, oval-oblong, acuminate or nearly elliptical, quite entire, evergreen, on the upper surface dark-green, and on the under, much paler. The flowers are arranged in terminal panicles, and of a dark golden-yellow ; they are so numerous that they make the tree a conspicuous object of the virgin forest. The calyx is composed of 5 green oval-oblong and deciduous sepals, but I have also observed their number reduced to 4, and even 3. The petals are generally 5, but sometimes 3 or 4 in number, oblong-obovate. The stamens are 10, or sometimes 12, of rather a darker colour than the petals, and they are all fertile, bearing anthers, each cell of which opens with a pore. The ovary is covered with a few hairs, and bears from 4—6 ovules. The pod is long, pedunculated, com- pressed, leathery, oblong or sometimes cultriform, 2-valved, having a broad wing on the upper side. The seeds are from 2—4 in number, orbicular, compressed, and brown.

EXPLANATION OF PIATE XIIL—Fig. 1, a flower-bud; 2, flower, open, with the ‘sepals removed ; 3, a transverse section of the flower, showing the arrangement of the different organs; 4, a stamen; 9, ovary ; 6, the same, eut open; 7, ripe fruit; 8, the same, one of the valves removed :—Figs. 1-6 slightly magnified. z

XXVI. Afzelia, Smith in Linn. Trans. vol. iv. p. 221; Endl. Gen. n. 6796. Calyx basi minute 2-bracteolatus, velutinus, tubo tarbinato, limbi 4-partiti laciniis concavis obtusis, postica latiore. Petala 3, posticum calycis laciniæ posticæ oppositum, maximum longe unguiculatum, limbo transversim oblongo emarginato, longitudinaliter plicato; 2 lateralia minutissima, lanceolata. Sta- mina 9-10, quorum 7 v. 8 fertilia, 2 sterilia capillaria, fertilium filamenta longissime filiformia - libera, antherz cordate, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium stipitatum, ventricosum, velutinum, oc-loculare. Stylus longus, arcuatus; stigma obtusum. Legumen ovato-oblongum, com-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 69

* pressum, indehiscens, oc-spermum, isthmis inter semina transversim oo-loculare. Semina ovata, compressiuscula, umbilico basilari arillo carnoso cupulwformi cincto. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones carnos:e, radicula retracta.— Arbores; foliis abrupte pinnatis; foliolis 1—5-jugis coriaceis ovato-ellipticis, glabris; stipulis deciduis; floribus paniculato-racemosis v. corymbosis.

l. A. bijuga, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 467. t. 51; glabra; foliolis 2-jugis (summisve raro 1-jugis) ovatis nitidis; paniculis corymbosis ; bracteis bracteolisque parvis caducis; vexillo brevissime unguiculato, alis aut parvulis aut nullis; staminibus fertilibus 3, sterilibus 7, anantheris minimis; ovario sessili; leguminibus oblongis planis 1—5-spermis demum 2-valvibus; seminibus compressis hilo nudis.— Macrolobium bijugum, Colebr. in Linn. Trans. vol. v. p. 12. -Outea bijuga, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 511. Intsia (?) Amboinensis, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 509. Metrosideros Amboinensis, Rumph: Amb. vol iii. p. 21. t. 10? Jonesia triandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 220. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vesi."— Common in the forests all over Viti (Seemann! n. 137; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also found in the East Indies. :

The Vesi is one of the sacred trees of Viti, and Europeans have occasionally come in unpleasant con- tact with the Fijians, when unknowingly they had cut it down for timber. In look the tree somewhat resembles our Beech (Fagus sylvatica, Linn.), having the smooth, greyish bark, the colour, and somewhat the shape and lustre of that familiar forest tree. ‘The wood is the best in the islands, and seems almost indestructible; it is used for canoes, pillows, kava bowls, clubs, and a variety of other articles.

XXVII. Bauhinia, Plum. Gen. t. 13; Endl. Gen. n. 6790; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 204. Calyx tubo cylindraceo, limbi 5-partiti decidui laciniis longissimis liberis valvatis v. induplicatis. Petala 5, summo tubo inserta, plerumque unguiculata, paullo inzequalia. Stamina 10, libera, omnia fertiiia v. alterna aut interdum plura sterilia v. ananthera; filamenta filiformia; antheree incum- bentes, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium stipitatum, co-ovulatum. Stylus plerumque fili- formis; stigma capitatum, latum v. obliquum, terminale. Legumen lineare v. oblongam, com- pressum, 2-valve. Semina compressa, albuminosa. Radicula brevis, recta.—Arbores v. frutices scandentes; foliis plus minus profunde bilobis (bifoliolatis v. unifoliolatis) ; racemis terminalibus v. lateralibus; corollis albis luteo-rubentibus v. purpureis. -

1. B. tomentosa, Linn. Spec. 536; inermis; foliis basi ovatis subrotundisve, subtus petiolis ramulis stipulis pedunculis bracteis calycibusque subvillosis; foliolis ovalibus obtusis 3—4-nerviis, ultra medium concretis; pedunculis 1—3-floris ; calyce spathaceo ; petalis obovatis subobtusis; sta- minibus 10 fertilibus inzqualibus; ovario stipitato.— Wight et Arn. Prodr. p. 295.— Viti, locality not mentioned (Williams!). Common in the East Indies.

The specimens are in leaf only, hence the determination is somewhat doubtful; but as far as they go they agree well with B. tomentosa.

XXVIII Inocarpus, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 65. t. 33; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. vi. p.149. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, 2- rarius 3-lobus, lobis rotundatis. Petala 5, basi in tubum coalita, supra calycem libera, linearia, subzequalia, imbricata, summo intimo, apice corrugato- involuta. Stamina 10, filamentis in tubum corolle adnatum alte coalitis, alterna longiora; antherz consi- miles, breves, didymz. Ovarium subsessile. Stylus brevissimus, stigmate oblique dilatato-concavo. Ovula 2-3, rarissime solitaria, amphitropa, subascendentia, funiculo brevissimo suturz appensa. Legumen breviter stipitatum, obovato-incurvum, subdrupaceum, sarcocarpio tenui, endocarpio crasso fibroso, l-spermum. Semen late ovatum, funiculo brevissimo turbinato-incrassato affixum. Testa rigide membranacea, reticulato-venosa. Albumen nullum. Cotyledones crasso-carnose,

‘radicula brevissima supera leviter incurva. “Plumula squamulis minimis imbricatis obtecta.”— + Arbor excelsa, glabra; foliis simplicibus brevissime petiolatis ovali-oblongis penninerviis coriaceis ;

70 FLORA VITIENSIS.

*

stipulis parvis; spicis axillaribus laxis; floribus albis, ad axillas bractearum parvarum sessilibus v. subsessilibus, odoratis, bracteolis minutis inconspicuis.—Renia, Noronha, in Vorhandl. Batav. Ge- nootsch. vol. v. p. 64.

Jnocarpus is a genus the position of which in the natural system has been involved in great doubt. Jussieu referred it to the neighbourhood of Sapotacee, Sprengel to Laurinee, and Guillemin to Apocynee ; whilst Endlicher, combining it with Hernandia, formed it into a separate group, which he placed at the end of Thymelee. More recently, Bentham (Journ. of Linn. Society, vol. vi. p. 146) has expressed an opinion, which seems also to have been that of Solander (Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 255, ined.), who regarded it as allied to Cynometra (* Fructificatio in multis convenit Cynometris, preeipue si suspicari liceat. Garciniwm lacinias corolle pro petalis distinctis descripsisse. Fructus ne quidem Cynometre nomen Leguminis mere- tur. Habitus autem diversa indicant genera, in Cynometris peculiaris foliis 2-natis.”). In the artificial system it was always placed in Decandria, aud near Sophora. What has puzzled botanists most is the co- hering of the petals and the drupaceous fruit. Bentham justly remarks that the former character is found in Trifolium, and the latter, amongst others, in Dipterye. But I must frankly own that I am not quite converted to the view of regarding Inocarpus as a Leguminosa, when it has neither a papilionaceous corolla nor a genuine legume. _My own investigations led me to look upon it as an anomalous Chrysobalanea. It has the habit, the simple coriaceous leaves, the inflorescence, the drupe, ete., peculiar to that Order. But the style is not basal, and the ovules not quite erect.

l. I. edulis, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 65. t. 33; Prodr. p. 34; Plant. Escul. p. 50; Icon. (ined.) t. 143; Geertn. Fruct. vol. iii. t. 199 et 200. f. 1; Roxb. Pl. Coromand. vol. iii. t. 263.— Amotum fagiferum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 255, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 47 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Ivi."—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 371; Sir E. Home! Barclay! n. 3453). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !) and Society Islands (Banks and

Solander! Forster!), Uvea or Wallis Island (Greffe! n. 34), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), and Java (Horsfield !).

The Ivi, or Tahitian Chestnut, as it has been called by voyagers (Inocarpus edulis, Forst.), is one of the commonest trees in Viti, and when fully grown has a most venerable aspect. I still see in my mind's eye a fine group on the banks of a rivulet between Wairiki and Somosomo, producing a dense shade. Sixty, often eighty feet high, the Ivi bears a thick erown of oblong leathery leaves, small white flowers emitting a deli- cious perfume and kidney-shaped fruits, whieh contain a kernel resembling chestnuts in taste. The kernel is either baked or boiled, and eaten without further preparation, or grated on the mushroom coral ( Fungia), and made into puddings or bread (madrai). The stem is most singular. When young, it is fluted like a Grecian column; when old, it has regular buttresses of projecting wood. Ferns, orchids, and Hoyas frequently take up their abode on the soft spongy bark. The roots of old trees appear above the ground somewhat like those of the Bald Cypress of North America (Taxodium distichum, Rich.). Thousands of seedlings are continually springing up around the old plants, and nothing, save the dense shade of their parents, and the close proximity in which they grow to each other, exercises a check upon their engrossing all the adjacent ground.

The tree is termed “If”? in New Guinea, and * Hi" in the Society Islands; “Nias” in Mallicollo, and “Emmer” in Tana. The Tahitians apply the names * Rata” and * Mape" to the fruit, which signifies also the kidney of an animal. Ellis (Polynesian Researches, vol. i. p. 374) furnishes the following popular account of it :-— :

^In certain seasons of the year, if the breadfruit be scarce, the natives supply the deficiency thus occasioned with the mape or rata, a native chestnut. Like other chestnut-trees, this is of stately growth and splendid foliage. It is occasionally seen in the high grounds, but flourishes only in the rich bottoms of the valleys, and seldom appears in greater perfection than on the margin of a stream, From the top of a mountain I have often been able to mark the course of a river by the winding and almost unbroken line of chestnuts, that have towered in majesty above the trees of humbler growth. ... The trunk, which is the most singular, usually rises ten or twelve feet without a branch, after which the arms are large and spread- ing. During the first seven or eight years of its growth the stem is tolerably round, but after that period, as it enlarges, instead of continuing cylindrical, it assumes a different shape altogether. In four or five poe round the trunk small projections appear, extending in nearly straight lines from the root to the

ranches. The centre of the tree seems to remain stationary ; while these projections inereasing, at length seem like so many planks, covered with bark and fixed round the tree, or like a number of natural but- tresses for its support. The centre of the tree often continues many years with perhaps not more than two or three inches of wood round the pith, while the buttresses, though only about two inches thick, extend two, three, and four feet, being widest at the bottom. I have observed buttresses not more than two inches in thickness projecting four feet from the tree, and forming between each buttress natural

FLORA VITIENSIS. 11

recesses, in which I have often taken shelter from the rain. When the tree becomes old its form is still more picturesque, as a number of knots and contortions are formed on the buttress, which render the out- lines more broken and fantastie. The wood has a fine straight grain, but being remarkably perishable, is seldom used, except for firewood. Occasionally, however, they cut off one of the buttresses, and thus obtain a good natural plank, with which they make the long paddles for their canoes, or axe-handles. The leaf is large and beautiful, six or eight inches in length, oblong in shape, of a dark green colour, and, though an evergreen, exceedingly light and delicate in its structure. The tree bears a small white flower, esteemed by the natives on account of its fragrance. The fruit, which [is pale-yellow or greenish-yellow when ripe] hangs singly or in small clusters from the slender twigs, is flat, and somewhat kidney-shaped. The same term is also used by the natives for this fruit and the kidney of an animal. The kernel is in a hard, tough, fibrous shell, covered with a thin, compact, fibrous husk. It is not eaten in a raw state; but though rather hard when fully ripe, it is, when roasted in a green state, soft and pleasant to the taste."

The bark is astringent; but whether the tree yields a resinous glutinous juice, into which the Papuans steep the tips of their arrows, giving them a black colour, is doubtful; as the Gajanum of Rumphius, Amb. vol. i. p. 170. t. 65, may possibly be a different plant.

XXIX. Cynometra, Linn. Gen. n. 519; Endl. Gen. n. 6784; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 296. Calyx ebracteatus, tubo brevi, limbi 4-partiti decidui laciniis reflexis, apice penieillatis, pos- tica breviore 2-nervi, :stivatione valvatis. Petala 5, omnia subzqualia, oblongo-lanceolata, summo intimo. Stamina 10 v. plura; filamenta filiformia, libera; anthers parvæ. Ovarium subsessile, .2-ovulatum. Stylus subulatus; stigma terminale. Legumen oblique et late semiorbiculatum, eras- sum, carnosum, turgidum, 2-valve, l-spermum. Semina crassa; radicula brevis, recta.—Arbores v. frutices; foliis abrupte pinnatis, 1-2- rarius co-jugis; floribus axillaribus v. lateralibus, rubris v. albis, fasciculatis v. racemosis.— Cynomorium, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 163.

l. C. grandiflora, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 470. t. 52; glaberrima; foliolis 2-jugis ovalibus oblongisve inzquilateris seepissime emarginatis coriaceis; racemis corymbosis confertifloris ; stami- nibus 21-32; ovario levi; stylo breviore.—Ovalau and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 138; U. S. Expl. Exped.). d There are several forms of this tree, varying principally in the breadth of the leaflets. The flowers are white. The wood is close-grained, and used as timber.

2. C. falcata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 472; foliolis 1-jugis glaberrimis ovato-lanceolatis obli- quis falcatis coriaceis; floribus sine pedunculo fasciculatis 10-andris, ovario lunato pubescente ; stylo recurvo longiore.— On the Ba coast of Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

. SvBonpo III. MIMOSEZE.— Flores 5-, 4- v. rarius 3-meri. Corolla regularis, petalis sepalisque valvatis, sæpe connatis. Stamina petalorum numero æqualia, dupla v. indefinita.

XXX. Entada, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 318; Endl. Gen. n. 6832 ; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p.297. Calyx brevis, cupulzformis, 5-dentatus. Petala 5, lanceolata, cohzrentia v. libera, æstivatione valvata. Stamina 10, exserta; filamenta libera; antherze glandula terminate. Ovarium subsessile, oc-ovulatum. Stylus filiformis; stigma truncatum. Legumen elongatum, amplum, compressum, coriaceum v. lignosum, articulatum, valvis in membranas 2 separabilibus, articulis 1-spermis, a replo persistente solutis. Semina orbiculata, crassa, compressa, exarillata.—Frutices scandentes, inermes ; foliis 2-pinnatis, rachi sepe in cirrhum producta; floribus dense spicatis, parvis, albis; bracteis parvis.— Pursetha, Linn. Zeyl. 644. Gigalobium, P. Browne, Jam. 362. : ;

l. E. scandens, Benth. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. iv. p. 332; inermis; foliis cirrhiferis ; pinnis 1—2-jugis; foliolis 2—5-jugis ovatis v. oblongo-obovatis obtusis acuminatis emarginatisve, sepius obliquis, supra nitidis, subtus glabris puberulisve, spicis elongatis solitariis geminisve longe race- mosis.— Mimosa scandens, Linn. Spec. ed. vol. ii. p. 1501; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 298. Ade- ` nanthera scandens, Forst. Prodr. n. 117; Icon. (ined.) t. 131. Entada (?) Adenanthera, DC. Prodr. *

72 FLORA VITIENSIS.

vol. ii. p. 525. E. Pursetha, DC. l.c. p. 425. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, * Wa lai” et “Wa tagiri."—Common amongst the mangrove vegetation all over Viti (Seemann! n. 139). Also found in Malicollo (Forster!), Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Eastern Australia, and tropical Asia.

Kitlitz (‘Twenty-four Views of the Vegetation of the Coasts and Islands of the Pacific,’ sub tab. v. remarks on the absence of creepers amongst the mangrove vegetation of the Pacific. Entada scandens is the only real exception I can call to mind. I have seen festoons of this plant several hundred yards long in the mangrove swamps of Viti. Guilandina Bonducella and Derris uliginosa, though sometimes throwing their branches over such mangrove trees as happen to grow close to soil just above high-water mark, cannot be classed with the real swamp vegetation which often covers the mouth of rivers and low shores. They belong rather to the vegetation immediately succeeding the mangroves, composed of such plants as Bar- ringtonia speciosa, Calophyllum Inophyllum, Ximenia inermis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, H. tricuspis, Thespesia populnea, ete. The flat round seeds of the Walai (Entada scandens, Benth.), called “ai Cibi," or “ai Lavo,” have suggested to the Fijians a comparison with our coins, and supplied a word for money (ai Lavo), of which their language was formerly destitute, because that article was entirely unknown to them, all commercial exchange being carried on by barter. Its stem, when young used in place of ropes for fastenings, occasionally attains a foot in diameter, and its pods arrest attention by their gigantic dimen- sions, measuring as they do several feet in length. '

XXXI. Mimosa, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 319; Endl. Gen. n. 6831; Benth. in Hook. Journ. vol. iv. p. 358. Flores superiores v. plerique hermaphroditi 4—5-meri, rarius 3- v. 6-meri, inferiores sæpe abortu masculi. Calyx nunc minutus inconspicuus v. paleaceo-plicatus pappiformis, nunc cam- panulatus, dentibus tot quot petalis. Petala magis minusve coalita. Stamina numero petalorum- æqualia v. dupla ; antherze parvze, suborbiculate, non glandulifere. Legumen compressum, sepius pla- num, valvulis 2 a margine persistente secedentibus eoque latioribus integris v. transversim articulatim divisis dehiscens, intus epulposum, inter semina subseptatum v. l-loculare. Semina funiculo fili- formi appensa.— Herb: suffrutices frutices v. rarius arbores; foliis sensitivis 2-pinnatis, rarissime nullis v. ad petiolum phyllodineum reductis; glandulis petiolaribus nullis v. in perpaucis speciebus obviis; floribus capitatis v. spicatis; pedunculis axillaribus v. ad apicem ramorum racemosis v. pani- culatis; staminibus szepius corolla plus duplo longioribus et in speciebus plerisque roseis v. albis.

1, M. pudica, Linn. Spec. 1501; caule suffruticoso aculeato plus minus petiolis pedunculisque piloso-hispidis; foliis subdigitato-pinnatis, pinnis 4—co-jugis ; foliolis linearibus; capitulis ovoideis ; legumine oblongo-sinuato 2—5-spermo, valvis articulatis glabris inermibus.—* Sensitive plant” of the English and American settlers. In open, exposed places, Lakeba and other islands (Seemann! n. 140; U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Tongan (Barclay !), Society (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and Sandwich Islands.

l have not been able to obtain any satisfactory evidence of this weed having been introduced, and hence have admitted it amongst the indigenous plants. At all events it is now perfectly naturalized, and grows in the same kind of places as I have seen it in South America and other countries where it is sup- -

posed to be truly indigenous. :

XXXII. Leuczena, Benth. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. iv. p. 416. Calyx tubuloso-campanu- . latus, 5-dentatus. Petala 5, libera, membranacea, basi angustata. Stamina 10, anthers ovato-oblongze v. subglobosæ, szpe pilose, eglandulose. Legumen stipitatum, lato-lineare, plano-compressum, val- vulis 2 rigide membranaceis dehiscens, intus 1-loculare, seminibus oo transversis.—Arbores v. frutices inermes; foliis 2-pinnatis; petiolo sepius infra jugum infimum pinnarum, glandula majuscula, inter- dum gyanida onusto; pedunculis axillaribus subfasciculatis, folio multo brevioribus, apice v. infra apicem 2-bracteolatis ; capitulis globosis; floribus albis.

l. L. Forsteri, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. v. p. 94; pinnis 12-15-jugis ; fo- liolis oo-jugis oblongo-linearibus approximatis obliquis; calyce petalis paulo breviore ; antheris gla- *bris.—Mimosa glandulosa, Soland. in Forst. Prodr. n. 565. Acacia insularum, Guill. Zeph. Tait.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 73

p. 66. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Guillemin, * Toroire."—Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 142). Also collected in Tahiti (Forster !), the Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook !), and New Caledonia (W. Anderson!).

_ Though at the British Museum there are authentic specimens to which the name Mimosa glandulosa is attached, and though this is one of Solander’s species, yet it is not taken up in Solander’s MS. Flora of the Society Islands, a work which I have invariably quoted because, independent of its intrinsic merit, a good many of the names there used have found their way into systematic works, such as the supplement of Forster’s ‘ Prodromus,’ Parkinson’s ‘ Voyage to the South Seas,’ and other publications.

2. L. glauca, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. iv. p. 416; pinnis 4-8-jugis; foliolis 10-20-jugis distantibus lineari-faleatis membranaceis, subtus pallidis glaucisve; bracteolis apice ova- tis calycem szequantibus ; calyce corolla dimidio breviore.— Mimosa glauca, Linn. Spec. 1504, Acacia : glauca, Willd. Spec. Plant. vol. iv. p. 1075; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 467. A. biceps, Willd. l.c.; DC. l.c. n. 191. A. leucocephala, Link, Enum. vol. ii. p. 444. A. frondosa, Willd. 1. c. 1075; DC. l.c. n. 207.—Bau and Viti Levu, in hedges (Seemann! n. 141). Also collected in the Sandwich Islands (Barclay !). Common in the East and West Indies.

XXXIII. Acacia, Neck. Elem. n. 1297; Endl. Gen. n. 6834; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. i. p. 318. Flores sepius polygami. Sepala 3-5 in calycem campanulatum coalita v. libera. Petala totidem magis minusve coalita, rarius demum libera. Stamina co (sepius ultra 50), libera v. ima basi in cupulam brevem v. in discum perigynum breviter irregulariter coalita, rarius (in floribus masculis) in columnam centralem congesta, nec in tubum cylindricum monadelpha. Legu- men varium, sepissime siccum.—Arbores v. frutices, rarissime herbe, inermes v. aculeatz; foliis omnibus v. saltem primordialibus 2-pinnatis, caulinis in PAyllodineis ad petiolum foliiformem sim- plicem reductis v. in ApAyllis omnino nullis, glandulosis v. eglandulosis; floribus capitatis v. spicatis,

flavis v. albidis, seepius odoratis.

The genus Acacia is represented in Polynesia by four Yee all of which belong to the Phyllodineous section, viz. A. spirorbis, Labill., from the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray!) and New Caledonia (W. Anderson! M‘Gillivray !), 4. Koa, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Barclay! Nuttall! Seemann!), A. Richii, A. Gray, from the Viti Islands (Seemann! Greffe!), and A. laurifolia, Willd., a seaside plant, common in the Samoan, Tongan, Vitian, and New Hebridian groups.

1. A. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 482. t. 53; arborea; glaberrima; ramulis angulatis ; phyllodiis lanceolatis acuminatis subfalcatis chartaceo-coriaceis oo-nerviis, apice sepius hamato ; pedunculis fasciculatis capitulo parvo oo-floro longioribus; calyce dentato; legumine oblongo plano glabro recto, marginibus acutis angustissimis.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Qumu.” —Ovalau (See- mann! n. 144), Viti Levu (Greffe! n. 19), Vanua Levu and Naloa (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The Qumu yields a hard wood, and supplies the paint which the heathen natives use for blacking their faces when they wish to look particularly smart, hence Qumu = paint. That a black colour should ever be used as a cosmetic may seem rather singular to Europeans; but there can be no doubt that the cosmetic properties of black are considerable. I was much struck with this in the islands, and have made the same observation at home, where we often have opportunities of seeing white men who blacken their faces to look like negroes, and by doing so improve their features considerably.

2. A. laurifolia, Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 1053; arborea; glaberrima; ramulis vix angulatis, phyllodiis ovato-oblongis acutis v. ellipticis v. emarginatis 7-11-nerviis, capitulis 2-8 axillaribus ; legumine compresso toruloso incurvo; seminibus 5-8. Labill. Austr. Caled. t. 68.— Mimosa Man- gium, Forst. Prodr. n. 395, non Willd. M. simplicifolia, Linn. f. Suppl. 436.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tataqnia.”—Common on the sea-beach throughout the Viti group (Seémann! n. 143; Barclay !). Also collected in the Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook! Sir E. Home !), and the New Hebrides (W. Anderson! Forster !).

This seaside tree has a hard wood, used for axe-handles and smaller pieces of carpentry. The leaves are g E

14 FLORA VITIENSIS.

used instead of spoons (ai taki) by the natives, hence I should say the vernacular name ought to be spelled * Tatakia," not * Tataqia," as the Vitian Dictionary, p. 323, has it.

XXXIV. Serianthes, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. iii. p. 225. Calyx ample campanulatus, 5-fidus. Corolla 5-partita, laciniis basi tubo stamineo adnatis. Stamina monadelpha, oo. Ovarium sessile, 6-ovulatum. Stylus filiformis; stigma truncatum. Legumen oblonguni v. ovatum, compressum, lignosum, dehiscens.—A rbores inermes ; foliis 2-pinnatis, glandulosis v. eglan- dulosis; foliolis oc-jugis; pedunculis axillaribus subramosis; floribus coccineis.

l. S. myriadenia, Planch. in A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 485 (Tab. XIV.); pinnis 7—8-jugis; fo- liolis 14-16-jugis, plerisque alternis trapezoideo-oblongis obtusis inzequilateralibus, supra atro-viridi- bus, subtus pallidis penninerviis, glandula elevata infra medium petiolum et jugales inter pinnas et foliola suprema; legumine lignoso oblongo v. obovato-oblongo subfaleato, obtuso v. breviter apicu- lato, tomentello ferrugineo, valvis transverse rugosis.— Acacia myriadenia, Bert. mss. in Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 65, excl. syn. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Guillemin, * Faifai;" Vitiense, “Vaivai.” — ‘Taviuni (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (Seemann! n. 145; Storck! n. 887). Also found in the Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and, according to Mr. W. T. Pritchard, in the Samoan group.

This is a fine timber-tree, often sixty feet high, with a spreading erown, and a fine thick foliage and scarlet flowers. The wood is of a yellowish tinge, and is one of the most useful in Viti; several of the island sehooners are built of it.

.— Expnanarioy or PnArE XIV.—Fig. 1, a leaflet; 2, an entire flower; 3, the same, cut open; 4, sec- tion of the ovary; 5, ripe fruit :—all, with the exception of Fig. 5, magnified.

2. S. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 485; foliolis ellipticis emarginatis utrinque lete- viridibus supra lucidis penninerviis; glandulis petiolaribus nullis ; legumine tenui lignoso, tomentello, valvis laxis venosis.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Williams I).

Mr. Williams collected only a few leaves, which, I think, must belong to this species; they have six-

teen — of leaflets on each pinna, and are generally quite glabrous, but have occasionally a few isolated white hairs.

A number of Leguminosz have of late years been introduced to the Viti Islands, but they were at the time of my visit strictly confined to the pee of the foreign traders and missionaries. I noticed Clitoria Ternatea, Linn., a climber with fine blue flowers, Cajanus Indicus, Spr. (Seemann! n. 115), the Pigeon Pea, grown on account of its seeds, which are an excellent substitute for green peas; Cesalpinia pulcher- rima, Swartz, the so-called Pride of Barbadoes, a favourite in gardens on aecount of its superb large panicles of red or yellow flowers; Tamarindus Indica, Linn., the Tamarind tree, and Acacia Farnesiana, Willd., a great favourite on account of its sweet-scented yellow flowers. :

Oro XXXIV. CHRYSOBALANEÆ.

_ Tt has been proposed to unite Chrysobalanee with Rosacee, but they seem to be sufficiently distin- guished to justify their being kept apart. Their solitary carpels, erect ovules, and basilar style, are good cha- racters. Mr. Benjamin Clarke says of them, in a communication to me :—“ In Chrysobalanus and Hirtella the carpel is invariably anterior; they both have two erect ovules, the raphe in one is dorsal, in the other lateral, .e. between the two ovules; I am persuaded that none of these characters occur either in Rosacee or Amygdalea, and I believe Chrysobalanee to be sufficiently distinct to constitute a separate Natural Order. Nor is there, as far as I am aware, any connecting link between Amygdalee and Rosacee ; and they should also be kept separate, because what distinction is there between Thymelee and Sanguisorbee ? Yet the two are not considered in near affinity; in Sanguisorba the position of the earpels is very vari- able, but in TAymelez all are posterior in the genera I have examined, except one, in which it is always as regularly lateral. I do not know of any other difference between Sanguisorba and Thymelez. In Amyg- dalee the carpel is very variable in its position, in Prunus Laurocerasus very often posterior."

FLORA VITIENSIS. 75

I. Parinarium, Juss. Gen. 342; Endl. Gen. n. 6411. Calyx tubo brevi, basi inzequilatero, cum ovarii stipite connato, limbi 5-partiti laciniis zequalibus, zstivatione imbricatis. Petala 5 v. 4, calycis fauci alterna, decidua. Stamina pauca v. oo, basi in annulum coalita, omnia fertilia v. alterius lateris ananthera; filamenta subulata; anthere 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium exsertum, 2-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulis e basi erectis anatropis. Stylus basilaris, filiformis ; stigma truncatum. Drupa ovoidea v. spheerica, cortice fibroso, putamine osseo, abortu 1-loculari, 2- abortu l-spermo. Semina erecta. Embryonis exalbuminosi orthotropi cotyledones carnose; radi- cula brevissima, infera.—Arbores inermes; ramulis villosis v. glabris; foliis alternis stipulatis inte- gerrimis; floribus racemoso-paniculatis v. corymbosis, 2-bracteolatis albis v. roseis.—Petrocarya, . ‘Jack in Hook. Bot. Misc. vol. ii. p. 220. Grymania, Presl, Epimel. p. 198.

1. P. insularum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 488, t. 54; foliis lanceolato-ovatis seu oblongo- lanceolatis basi subcordatis v. obtusissimis, supra nitidis, subtus incanis; stipulis lanceolato-subulatis petiolo eglanduloso duplo longioribus; floribus cymoso-paniculatis; staminibus fertilibus 6-8, steri- libus 2-4; drupa 2-loculari seepius 2-sperma.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu, and Bau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

I did not collect this species. It certainly does not grow on Bau at present, as that island is now

almost entirely covered with houses and gardens; and I examined its vegetation very closely during my frequent visits.

2. P. laurinum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 490. t. 55; ramis junioribus subsericeis; foliis ob- longis acuminatis basi rotundatis v. acutis biglandulosis glabris lucidis; stipulis linearibus caducis ; floribus racemosis; calyce infundibuliformi subobliquo, ore zquali, lobis obovatis obtusis petalis brevioribus; staminibus fertilibus circiter 15, anticis elongatis, sterilibus 7-10 brevissimis dentifor- mibus; drupa septo tenui evanido demum szpe 1-loculari; cotyledonibus conferruminatis.— P. (?) Margarata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 489. t. 54a. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Makita.” —Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Williams!), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 146). Also collected in the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

What A. Gray has described as P.(?) Margarata is the fruiting state of his P. laurinum. When the leaves are old, the two glands are sometimes rather obscure ; the silky down of the branches disappears with age. The native name of the plant is Makita, and not * Margarata," as stated by some clerical error in Dr. Pickering’s notes. The Makita is a tree about fifty feet high, supplying tough spars for canoes, and having oblong leathery leaves formerly used exclusively in thatching heathen temples, but now also for common dwelling-houses. The flowers are small and white, slightly tinged with purple, and the fruit has a rough, woody rind, of a light-brown colour, enclosing a large kernel, which possesses a scent much esteemed by the Fijians, but in which we could detect nothing remarkable either as regards strength or beauty. It is however largely employed in scenting cocoa-nut oil. Dr. Pickering states (Bot. Wilkes, p. 490) that it is “used to blacken the face and hair." But I cannot endorse that statement from personal observation.

Orpo XXXV. ROSACEZE.

This Natural Order is but sparingly represented in tropical Polynesia; all hitherto come to light are Acena esigua, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands, Fragaria Chilensis, Ehr., from the Sandwich Islands (Macrae!), Rubus tilaceus, Smith, from Viti (Seemann!), R. Hawaiensis, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies!), R. Macraéi, A. Gray, from the same group (Macrae!), and Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Lindl., from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies! Macrae! Barclay! Seemann !). :

I. Rubus, Linn. Gen. n. 864; Endl. Gen. n. 6360. Calyx explanatus; limbo 5-partito, ebrac- teolatus, persistens. Petala 5. Stamina co, cum petalis calyci inserta; filamenta libera; antherze 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovaria co, receptaculo convexo inserta, libera, 1-locularia ;

j L2

-

16 FLORA VITIENSIS.

ovula 1 v. rarius 2, collateraliter pendula, altero minore effeto. Styli subterminales, filiformes ; stigmata simplicia v. subcapitata. Achznia succosa, supra receptaculum conicum subcarnosum bac- catim congesta. Semen inversum. Embryonis exalbuminosi radicula supera.— Herb: v. ssepius frutices, plerumque sarmentosi et aculeati, polymorphi; foliis alternis simplicibus, 3-natis, digitatis v. imparipinnatis; stipulis petiolo adnatis; floribus terminalibus et axillaribus paniculatis v. corym- bosis, rarius solitariis, albis roseis v. purpureis.

l. R. tiliaceus, Smith in Rees' Cycl. vol. xxx.; fruticosus; caule ramisque tomentosis scan- dentibus, aculeis sparsis; foliis rotundato-ovatis lobatis crenatis supra glabriusculis, subtus incanis ; racemis axillaribus; bracteis dissectis serratis parvis; laciniis calycinis lanceolatis villosis subdeflexis ; petalis spathulatis (albis) fructibus rubris.— R. cordifolius, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 233 (non Weihe ` et Nees)? Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wa gadrogadro."—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 147; U.S. Expl.

Exped.), Viti Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.). Not observed in Taviuni, Vanua Levu, or any other part of Eastern Viti. Also found in the East Indies.

The fruit of this Raspberry is eaten by the natives, and made‘ into puddings and pies by the white settlers.

Ordo XXXVI. MYRTACEZH.*

I. Eugenia,t Micheli, Nov. Gen. 226. t. 108; Endl. Gen. n. 6323. Calyx 4- rarissime 5- lobus. Petala 4 v. 5, libera v. calyptratim coherentia. Stamina oo, calycis fauci et disco epigyno oc-seriatim inserta; filamenta libera, filiformia ; anthers 2-loculares, dorso insertze. Ovarium 2-8-

.* At the British Museum there is a plant from New Caledonia, collected in 1774 by W. Anderson, which, on account of its opposite or ternate entire leaves with a marginal vein, had been placed provisionally amongst thé unarranged Myrtacee. On dissecting what appeared to be a fruit not unlike that of Eugenia corynocarpa, X. Gray, only larger, I found it to be a tubular, very coriaceous ealyx, in the throat of which numerous stamens were inserted, and enclosing an inferior free 2-celled ovary, with numerous horizontal ovules, proving the plant to be a new genus of Myrtaceae. I find no petals; even in a young bud (just opening and all the stamens being yet recurved) there is no indication of them. I therefore conclude that the plant is apetalous, and that one of the rows of stamens may be standing in place of the corolla.— 0u- pheanthus (gen. nov. Myrtacearum), Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Calyx ebracteolatus, persistens, tubu- losus, coloratus, obsolete striatus, 3-fidus, laeiniis triangularibus, sstivatione valvatis. Corolla nulla (v. caduca ?). Stamina œ, pluriseriata, libera, summo ealycis tubo inserta, exserta, estivatione incurva; fila- menta filiformia, libera; anthere introrse, oblonge, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium liberum, sessile, 2-loculare. Ovula in placentis dissepimento utrinque adnatis oc-horizontalia. Stylus soli- tarius, elongatus, subexsertus; stigma emarginato-bilobum. Fructus ignotus.— Frutex (v. arbor?) Neo- Caledonicus, glaber, ramis crassis subangulatis; foliis exstipulatis Óppositis v. ternis simplicibus longe petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis coriaceis penninerviis, nervis trans- versis in nervos margini p combinatis epunctatis, supra lucidis viridibus, subtus subferrugineis ; pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus, 2-floris.—Species unica, C. Neo-Caledonicus, Seem. mss., New Cale- donia (W. Anderson! in Mus. Brit.). Petiole 1-14 inch long. Blade of leaf 3-4 inches long, about 1 inch broad. Peduncles ¢ of an inch long; calyx 14 inch long, slightly curved, and either purplish or red. The ripe fruit is unknown, but the ovules do not seem to have a tendency to become winged. -

t The following two new Polynesian species 1 find in the Herbarium of the British Museum :—

Eugenia Homei (sp. nov.), Seem.; arborea; calycibus exceptis, glabra; ramulis ultimis compressis ; foliis obovatis v. ovali-oblongis obtusis, basi obtusis v. subcordatis crasse coriaceis, supra nitidis atroviridi- bus, subtus pallidioribus, venis vix conspicuis; floribus congestis e trunco ramisque excorticantibus ad ve- teres axillas ortis; pedicellis brevissimis 1-floris; calycibus 4-lobis tomentellis, lobis obtusis; petalis 4 gla- bris; staminibus oo; ovario 2-loculari, oc-ovulato.—lIsle of Pines, off New Caledonia (Sir E. Home! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).—A robust-looking plant, with greyish branches. Leaves thick and leathery, on short rusty petioles, 2-24 inches long, 1-1} inch broad. Fruit unknown.

Eugenia Austro- Caledonica (sp. nov.), Seem.; glabra; ramulis ultimis teretibus; foliis longiuscule

FLORA VITIENSIS. 117

co-loculare, oo-ovulatum. Stylus simplex; stigma terminale. Bacca calycis limbo coronata, abortu sepissime 1-locularis, 1-2-sperma. Semina crassa. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones crasse, carnosze, plus minus in massam cum radicula brevissima continuam coalitse.—Arbores v. frutices ; foliis oppositis exstipulatis pellucido-punctatis integerrimis; floribus axillaribus v. terminalibus, soli- tariis cymosis v. cymoso-paniculatis, bibracteolatis, albis flavis v. purpureis; baccis nigris rubris v. purpureis.—Jambosa, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 121; Endl. Gen. n. 6324. Syzygium, Geertn. . Fruct. vol. i. p. 166. t. 33; Endl. Gen. n. 6320. | :

1. Jambosa, Rumph. Calyx fauce ultra ovarium producta, lobis rotundatis :stivatione mani- feste imbricatis. Petala in anthesi expansa. Flores swpissime magni v. majusculi.—A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 510.

l. J. Malaccensis, Linn. Spec. Plant. p. 672; Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. vol. ii. t. 98; arborea; foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis; cymis lateralibus abbreviatis; fructu subgloboso.—Jam- bosa domestica, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 197. t. 37. J. purpurascens, DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 287. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kavika."—Common on the outskirts of woods all over the Viti group (Seemann! n. 161). Also collected in the Sandwich (Menzies! Macrae! Seemann! n. 1732 et 1733) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander !).

Var. a. floribus albis.—E. Malaccensis, DC. Prodr. l.c.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kavika vulavula.”

Var. 8. floribus purpureis.—Z. purpurascens, DC. l.c.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kavika damudamu.”

The Kavika or Malay-apple (Eugenia Malaccensis, Linn.) abounds in all the forests. As in the Hawaiian and other Polynesian islands, there are two varieties—the purple (Kavika damudamu) and the white (Kavika vulavula). When the tree, which attains about forty feet in height, is in flower, the ground underneath is densely covered with petals and stamens, looking, especially if the two varieties grow toge- ther, like a fine Turkey carpet. I have often seen the natives gathering handfuls of them to strew on their heads. In their idea, there is scarcely a finer tree than the Kavika; and when in their fairy tales the ima- gination runs riot, and describes all that is lovely and beautiful, the Kavika is rarely omitted. The Ha- waiians, as I have stated elsewhere (‘ Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 83), thought this tree worthy of supplying materials for their idols; and thus, like the Fijians, recorded their veneration for it. A botanist, himself more than half a tree-worshipper, can fully sympathize with them. The fine oblong leaves, their smooth shining surface, the deep purple or pure white flowers, and afterwards the large quince-shaped fruits, with their apple-like smell and delicate flavour, are well calculated to justify much of the praise Polynesians bestow upon the tree.

2. E. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 510. t. 58; arborea; ramulis ultimis 4-angulatis seepius argute marginatis ; foliis brevipetiolatis ovatis oblongis v. obovatis obtusis basi subcordatis coriaceis venosis (venis infra marginem laxe arcuato-anastomosantibus) impellucidis opacis; cyma -flora ; pedunculis partialibus subgracilibus; calycis tubo turbinato, lobis 4 sub:equalibus; petalis (albis) subrotundatis; baccis pomiformibus (albidis).— Nomen vernac. “ Bokoi” (v. Sea?).—Common on the sea-beach of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 164 et 165), Ovalau, Taviuni, and north coast of Vanua Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Harvey !).

Varying considerably in the shape and size of the leaves, unless what A. Gray and I take to be a

small-leaved variety should turn out to be a distinct species, and the native name “Sea” should be restricted. to the latter. My inquiries about this point were not quite completed. The Fijian Dictionary enumerates

(4-3 unc. long.) petiolatis ovatis acuminatis basi acutis, coriaceis, tenuiter penninerviis ; eymis terminalibus compositis fastigintis densifloris folia vix superantibus, divisionibus primariis secundariisque teretibus; calycis limbo 4-lobo; petalis calyptratis.— New Caledonia (Sir E. Home! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).—The whole me has turned black in drying. Leaves shining, on long petioles ; blades 2-2} inches long, about l inch broad. Inflorescence resembling that of Eugenia confertiflora, A. Gray.

78 FLORA VITIENSIS.

the * Bokoi " and the “ Sea ” as two distinct trees. The “ Bokoi" is said to produce a fruit scarcely dis- tinguishable from that of the Kavika (E. Malaccensis), and the * Sea” to have a fruit which is edible and has a very agreeable smell.

3. E. quadrangulata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 511; fruticosa; ramulis ultimis tetragonis, angulis argute marginatis alatisve ; foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis v. acuminatis basi obtusis supra lucidis chartaceis pellucido-punctatis crebre penninerviis ; cymis multifloris ; pedun- culis communi partialibusque brevissimis fructiferis incrassatis; calycis tubo turbinato; limbo 4-fido ; bacca (rubra) obovoideo-urceolata.—Ovalau, common in woods (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Buke Levu, Kadavu (Seemann !).

4. E. neurocalyx, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 512. t. 59; arborea; ramulis teretibus; foliis bre- vissime petiolatis elongato-oblongis seu elliptico-lanceolatis obtusissimis basi subcordatis chartaceis crebre penninerviis; floribus in capitulum sessile congestis; calycis tubo cylindraceo co-costato; limbo ampliato fructifero crateriformi 4-lobo; fructu purpureo.— Nomen vernac. “ Leba."— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 159), Ovalau, and Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.; See- mann !), Moturiki (Milne !). i _ The * Leba” is a tree of middle size, with oblong leaves and white flowers, both of large size, consider- ing the Order to which it belongs. It blossoms about August, and the fruit ripens about the middle of September. The latter is 3 inches long, about 8 inches in circumference, prominently ribbed, and of a deep purple colour. It has a most agreeable scent, gravitating between that of an apple and a melon, and con- tains from 3-5 large angular seeds of a most beautiful earmine colour. The natives wear the whole fruit,

or part of it, around their neck, suspended on a string, for the sake of its delicious odour, and also scent with it the cocoa-nut oil used for greasing their naked bodies.

5. E. gracilipes, (Tab. XV.) A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 513; arbuscula; ramulis gracilibus teretibus pendulis; foliis subsessilibus lanceolato-oblongis subacuminatis basi parum cordatis char- taceis pellucido-punctatis penninerviis; racemis terminalibus 3—7-floris; pedunculis filiformibus ; calycis tubo turbinato basi acuto, lobis 4 szequalibus; petalis subrotundatis (pallide flavis) ; ovario 2-loculari; fruct. ignot.—N omina vernac. “ Lutulutu” v. “ Bogibalewa."—0On the outskirts of forests, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 158), Bua Bay, Vanua Levu, and Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped. ; Harvey !).

A most elegant and graceful little tree, both on account of its drooping branches, fine foliage, and flowers. Allied to E. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. ;

EXPLANATION OF Prare XV.—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, the same, with the petals and stamens removed; 3, section of ovary :—all slightly magnified.

ir. Eugenia. Calyx tubo subrotundo, fauce ultra ovarium vix aut ne vix producta, limbo 4— 5-partito, lobis sæpe leviter imbricatis. Petala in anthesi expansa. Testa seminum tenuis. Flores parvuli, A. Gray, l. c.

6. E. rariflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 221; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 514. t. 60; fruticosa; foliis coriaceis ovalibus late ovatisque breviter petiolatis glabris subveno- sis, supra nitidis, marginibus subrevolutis; pedicellis 1-floris solitariis v. geminis (nunc 4—5-nisve ad apicem ramorum) ramulisque appressis puberulis folio brevioribus; flore 2-bracteolato; calycis tubo globuloso-obconico sericeo-pubente, limbo inszqualiter 4-partito, subequilongo, lobis rotun- datis; petalis brevioribus; bacca (rubra) subglobosa.— E. sicca, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 265 (ined.). Jossinia cotinifolia, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 62. Nomen vernac. Tahiteuse, teste Solander, “ Ehitoa."—Rather common in the outskirts of forests all over Viti (Seemann! n. 160; Hinds! Barclay!). Also collected in the Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Society (Banks and So- lander! Bidwill !), Roratongan (Cunningham !), and Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home !), Gambier Island

(Beechey !).

There is a different look about the Tahitian specimens than the Vitian; their leaves are less coria-

ceous, and the flowers more numerous. If they should ultimately prove to belong to a different species,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 79

Solander's name should be given to them. The fruit of the Vitian plant resembles in look and size a cherry, afid did not strike me as being particularly dry, as is insisted upon by those who have described the Tahitian plant.

7. E. Grayi, (sp. nov.) Seem. Mission to Viti, p. 436 (Tab. XVI.) ; arborea, glabra; foliis ovalibus v. ovali-oblongis acuminatis v. acutis, basi cordatis v. subrotundatis, paniculis terminalibus ; calycis fauce ultra ovarium vix producto, limbo obscure repando 4-dentato; petalis (purpureis) sub- rotundatis; ovario obconico 2-loculari.—Northern coast of Kadavu, on hillsides (Seemann! n. 163).

I have named this species in honour of Professor Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, to whom we are indebted for so many valuable publications relating to Polynesian botany, and to whom I am much obliged for sending me specimens and information to help on the present work. E. Grayi seems to be one of those species which may be referred, with almost equal propriety, to the Hugenie vere or the Syzygium section of the genus, the petals either remaining after the opening or being pushed off at the opening of the flowers. A tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves variable in size; the largest nearly a foot long, about 4-4} inches broad, the smaller about 4 inches long and 23 inches broad. Stamens numerous; ripe fruit unknown.

EXPLANATION oF Prats XVI.—1, a flower-bud; 2, an expanded flower; 3, a petal; 4, ovary and style; 5, cross-section of ovary :—all magnified.

8. E. Brackenridgei, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 521. t. 614; arborea; ramis validis; foliis oblongo-cuneatis v. obovatis obtusissimis in petiolum attenuatis crasse coriaceis supra lucidulis cre- berrime penninerviis, venis in venam intra marginalem decurrentibus, venulis reticulatis; cyma ter- minali sessili fastigiata, divisionibus repetito-trichotomis brevibus incrassatis apice glomerulifloris ; calycis margine repando-4-lobo; fruct. ignot. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, '' Sogasoga."—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Namosi, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 155; Greffe! n. 50).

Fruit red, and eaten by pigeons (Soga).

9. E. confertiflora, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 523. t. 61 s; arborea; foliis obovatis v. oblongis retusis v. acuminatis basi in petiolum brevem angustatis v. obtusis coriaceis pallidis tenuiter penni- nerviis, venis vix reticulatis in venam intramarginalem confluentibus; cymis terminalibus et in’ axillis supremis compositis fastigiatis densifloris folia vix superantibus, divisionibus primariis graci- libus vix angulatis, ultimis brevibus apice glomerulifloris; floribus parvis; calycis margine 4-lobo ; fructu ignoto.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 152).

10. E. effusa, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 524; arborea; foliis obovatis subretusis basi acutis breviter petiolatis coriaceis opacis, venis haud perspicuis; cymis terminalibus decompositis corym- bosis diffusis laxe multifloris; pedunculis folia superantibus, primariis et secundariis gracilibus acute 4-gonis; calycis margine repando.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 151) and Viti Levu (Milne !).

A tree 80 feet high, yielding timber; flowers sweet-scented.

11. E. Amicorum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 524. t. 62; arborea v. fruticosa; foliis oblongo- lanceolatis utrinque subacuminatis subcoriaceis opacis creberrime ac tenuiter penninerviis reticulatis ; cymis terminalibus decompositis effusis co-floris folia sequantibus; pedunculis primariis et partialibus gracilibus compressis; floribus pedicellatis ; alabastris subglobosis; calycis margine repando; fructu depresso-globoso.— Eugenia (?) paniculata, Forst. Prodr. n. 522, sine descript. et in Sched. Herb. Mus. Brit. !—Viti islands, exact locality not mentioned (U.S. Expl. Exped.), Vanua Levu, above Nandy . and Viti Levu (Milne!). Also collected in the Tongan islands (Forster! Captain Cook!) and Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !).

‘This is certainly the plant which Forster enumerated as Eugenia (7) paniculata. Atthe British Museum there are several authentie specimens of it. Sometimes the branches are somewhat swollen at the place where the leaves are inserted, and sterile branches then have the look of Memecylon-Vitiense. Indeed, until ,

I saw a larger suite of specimens, I thought that one of the sheets containing some of Forster's specimens bearing his manuscript name might possibly have the flowers of our Eugenia and the leaves of that

80 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Memecylon pasted on it. But I now find that my suspicion was ill-founded. Milne’s Vitian specimens have but very young flower-buds. ,

13. E. rubescens, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 525. t. 63; arborea; foliis oblongis seu lanceolato- ellipticis utrinque acuminatis subcoriaceis opacis crebre ac tenuiter penninerviis; cymis terminalibus paniculato-decompositis patentibus folia multo superantibus; pedunculis primariis et partialibus gra- cilibus teretiusculis ; calyce clavato-turbinato rufescente, margine tenui repando-subquadrilobo ; fruct. ignot.— Nomen vernac. “ Yasi dravu."—Ovalau (U.S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 154). Also collected in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !).

. 13. E. rivularis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 256; arborea, glabra; ramulis teretibus; foliis brevipetiolatis lanceolatis v. oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; floribus axillaribus ter- minalibusque eymoso-paniculatis; pedunculis primariis secundariisque acute 4-gonis; calycis limbo 4-lobo, lobis obtusis; ovario 2-loculari.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Yasi ni wai."—0On the banks of rivers and rivulets, Gau (Milne!), Viti Levu, on the Rewa (Milne!), and Navua river (Seemann! n. 162).

A tree 40 feet high, growing, like our Willows, on the banks of rivers, and having somewhat the look

of them. Leaves 3—4 inches long, }-1 inch broad, dark-green above, paler below; veins close together; flowers white; petals falling off in anthesis.

14. E. corynocarpa, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 526. t. 64; arborea?; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis oblongisve subacuminatis basi acutis breviter petiolatis fere membranaceis laxe penninerviis, venis intra marginem arcuato-anastomosantibus ; cymis paniculatis decompositis folia superantibus; pedun- culis partialibus gracilibus divaricatis; calyce clavato limbo subintegro; fructu clavato-fusiformi, 1- loculari; semine oblongo.— Viti Islands, exact locality not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.) Also collected in Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!) and the Samoan group (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

II. Nelitris, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 134. t. 27; Endl. Gen. n. 6318. Calyx tubo obovato; cum ovario connato, limbo supero, 4—5-dentato. Petala 4 v. 5. Stamina co; filamenta filiformia, libera; antherz 2-loculares, dorso insert:e, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. ^ Ovarium inferum, 4-5- loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis, ovulis collateralibus adscendentibus. Stylus filiformis; stigma capita- tum. Bacca calycis limbo coronata, spurie 8-10-locularis, loculis l-spermis. Semina teretiuscula v. compressa, testa ossea, Embryonis exalbuminosi rectiusculi cotyledones minute, ovato-lanceo- late ; radicula elongata, crassa.—Arbuscule v. frutices; foliis oppositis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis, nitidis impunctatis l-nerviis integerrimis; floribus axillaribus 2-bracteolatis albis.— Decaspermum, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 74. t. 37.

l. N. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 548. t. 60; fruticosa v. arbuscula; foliis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis v. attenuatis glabratis supra lucidis venis obliquis obsoletis penninerviis, junioribus ramulisque tenuiter sericeo-pubescentibus; cymis laxifloris foliolosis folio equilongis; calycis tubo cano-sericeo, lobis 5 ovatis obtusis; masculis ovario abortivo.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Nuqanuqa."—Common in Lakeba, Moturiki, Kadavu, and Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 166; Storck! n. 888), Ovalau and Macnata coast of Vanna Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in Uvea (Greffe! n. 24) and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !). vi

This species closely resembles a plant which Forster called Decaspermum fruticosum, from Tahiti, but "it may at once be known by its pink filaments and its free-flowering habit.

2. N. fruticosa, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 547. t. 60 n. exclus. syn.; foliis ovatis v. ovato- lanceolatis acuminatis; pedunculis axillaribus 1-floris folio multum brevioribus; limbo calycis 5- dentato; fructu 10-spermo.—Viti islands, but exact locality not mentioned (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

- Also collected in the Tongan islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

I admit this species with some hesitation, believing it to be founded upon an imperfect specimen of

FLORA VITIENSIS. 8l

N. Vitiensis. It is certainly not the Tahitian Decaspermum fruticosum of Forster, of which there are at the British Mifseum numerous specimens collected by Banks and Solander, and Forster, in the Society Islands, a coloured drawing by Parkinson and a pencil sketch by Forster himself, and which I should like to name N. Forsteri. The peduncles of JN. Forsteri are generally 3-, and only by abortion 1-florous, and the fila- ments white. Tt has not yet been found out of the Society Islands. De Candolle was wrong to combine Forster’s plant with Gertner’s N. Jambosella from Ceylon, and Labillardiére’s New Caledonian species ; the latter I have named after its discoverer (N. Billardiert).*

III. Calyptranthes, Swartz, Flor. Ind. Occ. vol. ii. p. 917. t. 15; Endl. Gen. n. 6319. Calyx tubo obconico, limbo clauso operculiformi, anthesi circumscisso deciduo. Petala 4—5, libera v. opereulo intus adnata. Stamina oo, calycis fauci co-seriatim inserta;'filamenta filiformia, libera; antherz 2-loculares, ovate, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium inferum, 2-loculare, loculis o0- ovulatis. Stylus cylindricus, simplex; stigma obtusiusculum. Bacca ovata, calycis tubo inclusa, 2. y. abortu l-locularis. Semina oo.—Frutices v. arbores; ramis ultimis angulatis v. compressis ; foliis oppositis integerrimis penninerviis; floribus terminalibus cymoso-paniculatis.—Acicalyptus, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 551. t. 67.

In Acicalyptus myrtoides the operculum is quite subulate, and different from anything known in the older species of Calyptranthes. But in A. Seemanni, afterwards diseovered by me, which is so close to the just-mentioned species as to be searcely distinguishable in habit and foliage, the operculum is conical, and shortly apieulate. This, a& A. Gray pointed out in the ‘Bonplandia, weakens Acicalyptus. In a third Vitian species, also discovered by me, the opereulum is just as it is in the ordinary American Calyptranthes. We have therefore no option but to unite Acicalyptus with Calyptranthes, a genus of which no repre- sentative was previously known to exist beyond the limits of the New World.

1. C. myrtoides, Seem.; foliis ellipticis v. ovatis acuminatis basi acutis ; floribus terminalibus corymboso-cymosis plerumque pedicellatis ; alabastris elongato-oblongis acute 4-angulatis ; operculo subulato.—Acicalyptus myrtoides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 551. t. 67, et in Bonplandia, vol. x.

p. 85.—Mountains of the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. C. Seemamni, Seem. (sp. nov.); ramis teretibus; foliis ovatis acuminatis, basi acutis; foribus terminalibus in cyma subthyrsoidea plerumque sessilibus; pedunculis primariis secunda- riisque angulatis ; alabastris clavatis inferne tantum 4-gonis; operculo conico breviter apiculato.— Acicalyptus Seemanni, A. Gray in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 35.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (See- mann! n. 168).

The two species are extremely similar in foliage, but seem to be well distinguished by the characters pointed out by the great American botanist. My specimens are in bud only.

3. QC. eugenioides, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; ramis ultimis angulatis v. compressis; foliis ovatis

* The synonymy of these species would be as follows :—

1. N. Forsteri, Seem. Decaspermum fruticosum, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 87. Psidium decaspermum, Forst., Linn. fil.; Forst. Prod. n. 219; Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 159. Psidium myrtifolium, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 264, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 55 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, * Aranoa."— Society Islands (Banks and Solander! F orster ! Bidwill!). The following de- scription is taken from Solander's manuscript Flora, and may be compared with that of Forster in Guillemin's Zeph. Tait. :—Frutex altus 20-pedalis, ramosissimus. amuli villis tenuissimis sericeis albis tomentosis. ` Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata, oblonga, apice attenuata, integerrima, glabra, erc nitida, profunde

viridia, subtus (prsecipue superiora) villis minutissimis vix conspicuis conspersa, pallidiora, plana, obso- lete venosa, venis tenuibus obliquis subparallelis, sesquiuncialia et biuneialia. Petioli vix lineam unam longi, superiores villosi. Pedunculi axillares, oppositi, teretes, villosiusculi, foliis triplo breviores, triflori, raro uniflori. Pedicelli divaricati, vix semiunciales, intermedio breviore, interdum sub pedicellis quasi invo- lucri loco foliola duo, parva, lanceolata. Calycis urceolus villosus. Petala alba, inodora, circiter duas lineas longa. Bacca a y hoeg magnitudine Pisi. Semina circiter 12.

= 9. N. Jambosella, Gærtn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 134. t. 27.—Ceylon.

3. N. Billardieri, Seem. sp. nov. New Caledonia (Labillarditre! in Herb. Hook.). Peduncles 1- florous, and leaves glaucous below. ;

M

83 ` FLORA VITIENSIS.

obtusis v. retusis in petiolum angustatis, supra lucidis atro-viridibus subtus pallidioribus minute punctatis ; floribus terminalibus cymoso-paniculatis ; pedunculis primariis secundariisque compressis ; operculo hemisphserico apiculato ; corolla operculo intus adnata; bacca ovata.— Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 156).

In habit this plant is so much like some of the Vitian Eugenias, especially E. confertiflora, A. Gray, that in my preliminary list I mistook it for that species. "The calyx-tube has several deep fur- rows, which do not seem to be wholly caused by drying, but they disappear as the fruit advances towards maturity. The operculum consists of a single piece, is hemispherical, and has a point in the centre. The corolla is membranaceous, closely attached to the calyx, and falls off along with 1t. It does not seem to become detached entirely; but if the calyx be soaked in water and afterwards allowed to dry, it will

generally peel off to a great extent. C. eugenioides is a shrub about 12 feet high, with stoutish erect branches, and coriaceous leaves 8-4 inches long, and about 1-12 inch broad.

IV. Barringtonia, Forst. Char. Gen. 38; Endl. Gen. n. 6325. Calyx tubo ovato cum ovario > ` connato, limbi superi 2- rarius 3—4-partiti laciniis ovatis obtusis concavis persistentibus. Petala 4, magna, coriacea. Stamina co, pluriseriatim inserta ; filamenta filiformia, libera ; antherz 2-loculares. Ovarium inferum, 2—4-loculare, loculis 2-6-ovulatis, glandula epigyna annulari styli basin vaginante. Stylus filiformis; stigma simplex. Bacca fibrosa, 4-gona, e basi ventricosa pyramidata v. oblonga, calycis limbo coronata, abortu 1-locularis, endocarpio subpyrenaceo l-spermo. Semen obovatum, pendulum. Embryonis exalbuminosi elliptico-globosi cotyledones cum radicula supera in massam homogeneam carnosam arctissime coalitze.— Arbores v. frutices; foliis oppositis v. verticillatis con- fertis petiolatis obovatis punctatis integerrimis crenatis v. serratis; floribus amplis in thyrsum v. racemum terminalem dispositis; pedicellis 1-bracteatis.— Bufonica, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p.515. Com- mersonia, Sonn. Voy. t. 8, 9. Mitraria, Gmel. Syst. 799. Huttum, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 88. Stravadium, Juss. Gen. 326. Stravadia, Pers. Ench. vol. ii. p. 30. Meteorus, Lour. Fl. Cochin. vol. ii. p. 498. Menichia, Sonn. Voy. 138. t. 92, 93.

The Vitians have for the whole of Barringtonia (including Stravadium) the generic names * Vutu” (=“ Futu” of the Tonguese, “Hutu,” * Hudu,” or “Fudu” of the Tahitians, and * Hutum" of the Amboinese).

1, B. speciosa, Linn. fil. Suppl. 312; Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 191, 192; arborea; foliis cuneato- oblongis obtusis integerrimis nitidis; floribus in thyrsum erectum dispositis; fructu pyramidato acute tetragono.— Butonica, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. t. 114. Barringtonia Butonica, Forst. Gen. t. 38. Mammea Americana, Linn. Spec. 731. Mitraria Commersonia, Gmel. Syst. 799. Butonica speciosa, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 521. Butonica splendida, Sol. Prim. (ined.) p. 282, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 68, 69. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Vutu rakaraka” v. * Vutu vala."— On the sea- side of all the Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 148; Sir E. Home !). Also collected in the Tongan (Forster!) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander !), Wallis Island or Uvea (Sir E. Home !), and New INCUN (Sir E. Home!). Common in the East Indies, the Archipelago, and the east coast of Africa.

A magnificent seaside tree, from which Liku (woman's dress) is made. The large square fruits are used by the natives for floats of fishing-nets, and in a favourite game (“ Veitegi vutu”). The outer portion of the fruit, which is poisonous, is employed for stupefying fish, for the purpose of catching them.

*

2. B. edulis, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; arborea ; foliis brevipetiolatis cuneato-oblongis acutis integer- rimis coriaceis lucidis glabris; racemis elongatis pendulis, rachi pedicellis calycibusque cinereo- tomentosis; sepalis 2 subrotundatis retusis; venis primariis 8-10; petalis (albis) oblongis glabris ; fructu oblongo obscure 4-gono (eduli).—Nomen vernac. ** Vutu kana” y. « Vutu kata." —Korovono, Viti Levu and Viwa (Seemann! n. 150). Sometimes cultivated. eB

A tree 30-40 feet high, of erect growth. Leaves more than a foot long, and more coriaceous than those of the following species. Petals and stamens white. Fruit baccate, and eaten either raw or cooked.

"

FLORA VITIENSIS. 83

by the natives: it is said to be rather insipid, but I did not see it when ripe; the largest I saw was about 4 inches long and 1} inch across, the angles very much subdued. Easily distinguished from the following species by its tomentose rachis, pedicels, and calyx. An imperfect specimen of Barringtonia from Lizard Island, east coast of New Holland (Banks!), would seem to belong to this species.

8. B. racemosa, Blume in DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 288; fruticosa v. arborea; foliis cuneato- oblongis acuminatis crenatis v. obscure serratis; racemis elongatis pendulis, rachi pedicellis calyci- busque glabris; sepalis 2 ovato-rotundatis acutis mucronatis, venis primariis 2 ; petalis (albis) obovatis obtusis; fructu ovato 4-angulato—Eugenia racemosa, Linn. Spec. 673, et Forst. Prodr. n. 221. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vutu ni wai” (ie. Water Vutu).—Common on running streams and on the seabeach, Taviuni, and the larger islands (Seemann! n. 149). Also collected in New Caledonia

(Forster !).

The fruit of this species is considered poisonous by the natives. Barclay collected an allied species, with crenate leaves and tomentose rachis and 3-leaved calyx, in Tana, New Hebrides, which has been

referred by Bentham to B. excelsa, Blume.

4. B. sp.; fructu eduli.—Vulgo * Vutu dina."

"This species I only know from the description given me by the natives. It is said to have an edible fruit like B. edulis, but to be superior,—hence it is named * Vutu dina," 4e. the genuine Vutu; but whilst the fruit of the * Vutu kana” has a soft outside, that of this species is so hard that, say my infor- mants, it requires the application of a knife or some other sharp instrument before the edible portion can

be got at.

V. Metrosideros, R. Brown in Flinders’ Voy. vol. ii. p. 547; Endl. Gen. n. 6303. Flores axillares v. terminales, pedunculati v. sessiles. Calyx tubo campanulato, cum ovario plus minus connato, limbo 5-fido v. 5-dentato. Petala 5, rotundata, annulo calycis faucem marginanti inserta, ejusdem laciniis alterna. Stamina 20-100; filamenta filiformia, longissime exserta, libera; anthers 2.loculares. Ovarium inferum v. semi-inferum, 3-loculare, loculis oc-ovulatis. Stylus cylindricus ; stigma simplex v. eapitatum. Capsula intra calycis tubum libera, accreta, 3-locularis, apice v. ad medium loculicide dehiscens, rarius lateraliter. Semina oo, irregulariter rupta, linearia, aptera.— Arbores v. frutices ; foliis oppositis v. alternis exstipulatis integerrimis; floribus axillaribus termina- libusque, coccineis rubris luteis v. albidis.

This genus is in a fair way of becoming in Polynesia what Rubus is in Europe; it is very much given to variation, and it is very difficult to find out the limits of the different species. I am inclined to regard all the Metrosidera, with the exception, perhaps, of M. macropus, hitherto discovered in tropical Polynesia, as one species, for which Gaudichaud's name, M. polymorpha, might be adopted. At the British Museum there is a most extensive set of specimens, more than 100, from all parts of Polynesia. The greatest number of forms exist in the Hawaiian Islands, and all of them are represented in the Society Islands, with the exception of the extreme tomentose. Solander (Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 263) enumerates four Tahitian varieties of what he termed M. spectabilis, one of which, founded upon sterile specimens, has square branches. The colour of the flowers can scarcely be relied upon as marks of specific difference. The yellow flowering-plant of the Hawaiian Islands is undoubtedly a form of the variable M. polymorpha. In Viti one of the narrow-leaved forms has also yellow flowers, and the other scarlet. Both are so much alike that they cannot be otherwise distinguished; and in foliage they agree exactly with some of the

Hawaiian forms. | T.

1, M. polymorpha, Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. p. 99 et 482, t. 108, 109; arborea, erecta, glabra villosa v. tomentosa ; ramulis teretibus v. 4-angulatis ; foliis oppositis decussatis, brevipetio- latis ellipticis oblongis, ovatis v. suborbiculatis acutis v. obtusis, basi acutis rotundatis v. cordatis ; supra levibus v. rugosis ; cymis terminalibus simplicibus v. thyrsoideis; floribus pedicellatis v. sub- sessilibus (rubris v. luteis); capsula semisupera 3-loba 3-valvi.—M. lutea, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 560. t. 69 M. M. rugosa, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 561. t. 69 A. M. collina, A. Gray, Bot.

— Wilkes, p. 558. t. 68. M. villosa, Smith in Trans..Linn. Soc. vol. iii. p. 268. M. spectabilis,

Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 172. t. 34. f. 9; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 263 (ined.), et in Parkins. M2

84 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 54 (forma floribus rubris). M. obovata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 63. t. 12. M. diffusa, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 63, non Smith. Melaleuca villosa, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 342. M. estuosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 215 ; Icon. (ined.) t. 157. Leptospermum collinum, - J. R. Forst. Char. Gen. p. 72. t. 38. f. m-p.—Nomen vernac. Tahitense, “Pua Rata” (i.e. flos ruber); Vitiense, “ Vuga."—Common all over Viti (Seemann! n. 169, 170, 171; Storck ! n. 889). Also collected in the Hawaiian (D. Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Nuttall! Barclay! Seemann !), Society (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! Forster! Barclay!), and Kermadec Islands (M‘Gilli- vray! in Mus. Brit.).

Var. a. floribus rubris.—M. collina, var. Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 559. t. 68 (See- mann ! n. 170, 168; Storck! n. 889).

Var. B. floribus luteis; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis, pedunculis calycibusque glabris.—Interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 171).

This tree yields an excellent close-grained timber, much esteemed for posts of houses.*

Orvo XXXVII. MELASTOMACEZ:.

In the geographical distribution of this Natural Order, it is a singular fact that Melastomacee should be excluded from the Hawaiian and the Marquesas Islands; the same was formerly thought to be the case with regard to the tropical parts of New Holland, but we are now acquainted with several species from that country, viz. Osbeckia Chinensis, O. Australiana, Melastoma Nove-Hollandia, and M. velutinum. In the south-western parts of tropical Polynesia Melastomacee are tolerably abundant; and the number of known species, judging from scraps collected by the United States Exploring Expedition and others, will yet be increased when all the islands have been thoroughly explored. They belong to the genera Memecylon, Astronia, Astronidium, Naudinia, Amplectrum, Medinilla, Erpetina (from the Solomon Islands), and Melastoma.

I. Memecylon, Linn. Gen. n. 481; Naudin, Melast. p. 684; Endl. Gen. n. 6269. Calyx lato- campanulatus v. hemisph:ricus, limbo nunc integerrimo nunc obtuse et breviter 4-lobo. Petala 4, ovata, aut etiam suborbicularia, nonnunquam in apiculum producta. Stamina 8, «qualia, antheris brevibus securiformibus rima antica duplici dehiscentibus, connectivo postice in calcar seu cornu conicum subtus excavatum producto. Ovarium omnino adherens, l-loculare; stylo magis minusve exserto, stigmate punctiformi. Ovula 6-12, reniformia, placente centrali affixa. Bacca globosa, seepius l-sperma (siccine semper?).—Frutices v. arbores, glaberrimi; foliis coriaceis integerrimis penninerviis aut nervulorum transversorum copia in parenchymate folii evanida 1-nerviis, rarius Me- lastomearum more 3—5-nerviis; cymis subumbellatis v. subcapitatis axillaribus aut in nodis ramorum

annotinorum lateralibus; floribus pedicellatis, czeruleis v. czerulescentibus.— Valikana, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 84. Seutula, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 290.

l. M. Vitiense, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 573; ramulis subteretibus ad articulos subnodosis ; foliis.subsecundis 1-nerviis, aveniis oblongis obtusis seepiusve in acumen obtusum v. retusum productis basi in petiolum breviuseulum attenuatis, siccatis subtus flavidis; pedunculis solitariis brevissimis o0- floris; pedicellis nudis fructu globoso seu ovoideo levi dimidio brevioribus.—Ovalau and Macuata

coast of Vanua Levu, at the elevation of 1000-1500 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

* Another capsular Myrtacea was collected in New Caledonia, and named Beckea nelitroides, Seem. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 74. It must, however, be referred to the recently-established genus Cloézia, and seems to be identical with C. canescens, Brongn. et Gris. Li

Supra, p. 76, in the account of Cupheanthus, there are two errata. Line 26 from below, omit the word “free,” and line 18 from below, read “inferum ” for “ liberum."

e

FLORA VITIENSIS. 85

Var. 8; foliis latioribus nunc ovalibus apice rotundatis subtus haud flavescentibus. A. Gray, l.c. —Ovalau and north coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.); Kovovono, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 172).

The leaves of M. Vitiense are not strictly opposite, but rather one-sided, and somewhat swollen at the insertion of the leaves. These characters, as well as the shape of the leaves, distinguish it from another Polynesian species, viz. M. Harveyi (sp. nov.), Seem. ; glabra; ramulis junioribus acute angulatis ad inser- tionem foliorum haud incrassatis; foliis stricte oppositis ovatis v. ovalibus acuminatis basi acutis, supra nitidis atroviridibus venis prominulis, subtus subglaucis subaveniis; cymis axillaribus pedunculatis; pedun- culis petiolo longioribus ; bacca globosa 1-sperma.— Vavau and Lifuka, Tongan Islands (Harvey!). Leaves, including the short petioles, 2-23 inches long, 1-14 inch broad. Flowers fallen off.

II. Astronia, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1080; Naud. Melast. p. 677. Calycis tubus hemisphzricus ; limbus sub anthesi clausus, post anthesin irregulariter lacerus. Stamina 10-12, qualia; antheris dolabriformibus apice obtusis antice rima duplici longitudinali dehiscentibus, connectivo postico basi mutico ant in tuberculum vix perspicuum desinente; filamentis complanatis brevibus. Ovarium cum calyce omnino adnatum, 2—5-loculare. Placente nunc in fundo loculorum depressæ planze, fere semi- lunares, nunc e basi column centralis products co-ovulate. Capsule globose limbi calycini vestigiis coronatee, in fragmenta undique disrupte, nervis coriaceis parenchyma solutum superantibus. Semina co, minuta, linearia aut acicularia, raphe laterali fusca hinc excurrenti lineata.—Arbores et arbuscule ; foliis petiolatis ovatis ovatove-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis 8-nerviis 3-plinerviisque; floribus in paniculas terminales digestis, albis aut purpurascentibus.— PAarmacum, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. t. 69. Conostegie et Melastome sp. auct. '

l. A. fraterna, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 576; glaberrima; foliis longe petiolatis oblongis acu- minatis basi acutis manifeste 3-plinerviis (pretermisso utrinque nervo tenui submarginali) ; cymis corymbosis; pedicellis gracilibus; alabastris ellipticis; calycis limbo clauso demum aperto ultra ovarium longiuscule producto, margine 4—5-fido; ovario 5-loculari; placentis ima columella ortis.— Melastoma glabra, Forst. Herb., Icon. (ined.) t. 137, 138, et in Guill. Zephyr. Tait. p. 61, nec Prodr. Astronia Forsteri, Naud. Melast. p. 258 ex parte.—In woods of the interior of Viti Levu (Milne!), Tahiti (Forster! in Mus. Brit.).

Milne's specimen is merely a sterile branch, but as far as it goes agrees with the Tahiti specimens. It should here be mentioned that two generically different plants have been confounded under the name of Melastoma glabra (Conostegia glabra), the one having obscurely 3-nerved leaves and a calyx which has a per- sistent limb, splitting longitudinally in anthesis into 3—5 lobes, 10 stamens, and a 5-celled ovary, the other manifestly 3-ribbed leaves, a deciduous calyx-limb, which in anthesis separates by a transverse circumscission in the form of a calyptra, 8 stamens, and a 4-celled ovary. Asa Gray named the former Astronia fraterna, and says that he has seen Forster’s original specimens at the British Museum, which, he adds, belong to the latter species. But here he was mistaken. The six original specimens which the two Forsters collected at Tahiti, and which, with their own labels attached, are preserved at the British Museum, do all belong to Asa Gray's Astronia fraterna. The two plates, one of them coloured, which Forster in his MS. drawings devotes to the illustration of his Melastoma glabra, also represent A. Gray’s Astronia fraterna. Moreover, in the detailed MS. description of Forster, published by Guillemin (Zeph. Tait.), the calyx is described as “apice 4-fidum rarius 5-fidum, laciniis irregularibus laceris,” clearly referring to Asa Gray's A. fraterna. But it is evident, from the brief diagnosis in his * Prodromus,' that Forster also knew the second Tahitian species, and confounded it with that of which his specimens are preserved in the British Museum, of which he made two drawings, and of which he gave a detailed description, for he says, in the * Prodromus,’ of Mela- stoma glabra, “ foliis integerrimis 3-nerviis elliptico-lanceolatis scabris [evidently a misprint for glabris— B. S.], calycibus eireumscissis." Naudin, in his valuable Monograph of Melastomacee, re-names Forster's Mela- stoma glabra, Astroni@Forsteri, and seems to include both plants under that name, saying of the calyx, “sub anthesi partim cireumscissum aut etiam in lobos 2-4 dentiformes obtusos laceratum fuisse ostendebant.” But it should be added that he also had no perfect specimens. : . On mentioning my ideas about the generic differences to M. Triana, who is now occupied with a revision of the Melastomacea, he examined these two plants, and agreed in my opinion; and he has since ascertained that M. Decaisne arrived at the same conclusion, and had given the name Naudinia to this

86 FLORA VITIENSIS.

new genus, as the other genera named in honour of M. Naudin do not stand. The synonymy of the two plants would then be as follows :—

l. Naudinia glabra, Dene. mss.; Melastoma glabra, Forst. Prodr. n. 194, nec Herb. et Icon. (ined.) nec Guill. Zephyr. Tait. Conostegia glabra, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. vol. iv. p. 316. Astronia Forsteri, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 Ser. tom. xviii. p. 258, ex parte.— Tahiti (W. Anderson! anno 1774, Captain Cook !).

2. Astronia fraterna, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 576. t. 72 A. Melastoma glabra, Forst. Herb. Icon. (ined.) t. 137, 188, et in Guill Zeph. Tahit. p. 61, nec Prodr. Astronia Forsteri, Naud. l.c. p. 258, ex parte.—Tahiti (Forster! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).

9. A. Pickeringii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 577. t. 72; glabra; foliis longe petiolatis ovalibus oblongisve utrinque subacutis nunc basi obtusis 3-5-nerviis; cyma corymbosa composita laxiflora ; pedicellis gracilibus; alabastris subglobosis; calycis limbo clauso demum aperto ultra ovarium lon- giuscule producto, margihe in dentibus brevissimis 9—20 irregulariter fisso; antherarum connectivo deorsum gibboso; ovario 5-loculari; placentis e fundo loculorum ortis.—Ovalau, on the mountains ` (U. S. Expl Exped.), Viti Levu, in woods (Milne!). Also collected in the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Var. Vitiensis, A. Gray, l.c.; inflorescentia glabriore; pedicellis paullo brevioribus.

Milne’s are fruiting specimens, only the remnant of the berry remaining. The foliage has turned almost black in drying.

3. A. confertiflora, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 579; foliis longe petiolatis ovalibus obtusis basi rotundatis 8—-5-nerviis, costis subtus ramulisque junioribus cum cyma composita corymbosa conferti- flora rufo-pubescentibus ; floribus in ramulis ultimis capitato-congestis subsessilibus ; calyce glandulis rufis consperso, limbo ultra ovarium breviter producto, margine irregulariter 8-10-crenato; ovario 3—4-loculari; placentis e fundo loculorum ortis.— Bua Bay, Vanua Levu, on the banks of streams (U. S. Expl. Exped.). |

4. A. tomentosa, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa v. arbuscula; ramulis junioribus petiolis bracteis cymis calycibusque dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, demum glabratis; foliis ovatis v. subcordato-ovatis obtuse acuminatis 3-5-nerviis v. 9—5-plinerviis, supra glabris, subtus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, demum glabratis; cymis corymbosis compositis, bracteis linearibus; alabastris globosis, calyce irre- gulariter rumpente? ; ovario 5-loculari; placentis e fundo loculorum ortis; seminibus oo subacicula- riformibus.—Summit of Voma Peak, near Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 174).

_A shrub or small tree, with stiff, generally fistulose obtusely and obscurely 4-angular branches. Petioles 1-1} inch long. Blade of leaf 21-3 inches long, 1-14 inch broad. My flowering specimens being in very young bud, the dehiscence of the calyx cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. Capsule, as in other species, not properly dehiscent, but the dry ioi decays or falls away in fragments, and the thin

endocarp splits into numerous pieces, leaving a frame of simple or forked nerves, which surround the placenta and columella.

5. A. () robusta, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa, erecta, robusta, glabra; ramis crassis fistulosis ; foliis obovato-oblongis v. ovalibus acutis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis 3-5-plinerviis, supra atro-viridibus, subtus pallidioribus; cymis paniculatis terminalibus, rachi pedunculis pedicellisque subcompressis; pedunculis ultimis 3-floris; floribus ignotis; capsula subglobosa infera 7—8-loculari calycis limbo irregulariter fisso coronata; placentis e fundo loculorum ortis; seminibus oo subdolabri- formibus; raphe laterali nigro.— Banks of the Rewa river, near Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (See- mann! n. 181). i i

A robust plant, 4-6 feet high, with stout fistulose branches, of which I collected fruiting specimens : only, whilst the United States Exploring Expedition (as Professor A. Gray advises me) brought home the foliage only. I have provisionally referred it to Astronia, with which it agrees in habit and fruit, unless - exception is taken to the latter being 7-8-celled. Petioles 14-2 inches long. Leaves opposite; blade 4-10 inches long, 4-7 broad. Fruit as large as a sloe, and decaying like that of the préceding species. There is a specimen of an Astronia in young fruit, collected by Harvey in Viti, which may possibly be a

FLORA VITIENSIS. 87

small-leaved form of this species. But both mine and Harvey’s materials are too imperfect to venture upon their identification.

III. Astronidium, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 581. t. 72. f. 7. Flores 4-meri. Calycis tubus hemisphzricus, nudus; limbus clausus, quasi in calyptram obtusam conflatus et sub anthesi irregula- riter lacerus. Petala 4. Stamina 8, zqualia; filamenta complanata, subulata, brevia; anther oblongo-lineares, antice rima duplici longitudinali dehiscentes; connectivo dorsali carnoso angusto basi calearato. Stylus filiformis; stigma minutum simplicissimum v. capitellatum. Ovarium omnino adnatum, 3—4-loculare; placentz e fundo loculorum ortz, superne dilatatz, compresse. Capsula globosa. Semina oo.—Arbuscule glabree v. hispid, micranthze, microcarpe, facie Astronie ; folis petiolatis oblongis v. ellipticis integerrimis 3-5-nerviis; cymis terminalibus paniculatis ; floribus brevissime pedicellatis, albis.

1. A. parviflorum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 582. t. 72. f. 7; ramulis foliisque junioribus gla- bris v. minute ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis oblongis v. ellipticis utrinque obtusis v, acutis aut apice acuminatis; cymis decomposito-paniculato-cory mbosis, ramis compresso-angulatis; stigmate simplicissimo; ovario 3-4-loculari; capsula gibbosa.—Ovalau and Bau, along the banks of streams (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Voma Peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 173, in fruit only).

9. A. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramis petiolis costis et venis foliorum paniculis bracteisque rufo-hispidis; foliis ovato-oblongis longe acuminatis, supra costis exceptis glabris, subtus hispidis ; cymis paniculato-corymbosis, ramis obscure tetragonis ; stigmate capillato ; ovario 4-loculari ; capsula ignota.—Astronia Storckii, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. x. p. 296. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, * Cayacava.”—Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Storck! n. 890).

4 A small spreading tree."—Storck. Branches, petioles, ribs, and veins of the leaves covered with rusty hispid, almost hispid-tomentose hair. Petioles 1} inch long. Blade of leaf 4-6 inches, 13-2 inches broad. Flower-buds obovate-obtuse, the calyx splitting irregularly when the flowers open. Bracts lan- ceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Petals 4, white. Stamens 8, in shape exactly agreeing with those of £. parvi- florum. Stigma capitellate. The flowers of Storck’s specimens are in bud, the petals just pushing through.

IV. Anplectrum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 597. Flos 4-merus. Calycis campanulati limbus integer aut 4-dentatus, denticulis externis punctiformibus aut subulatis. Petala ovato-acuminata aut lanceolata. Stamina 8, alternatim inzqualia aut heteromorpha, fertilia et effecta; 4 cum petalis alternantium antherz lineares aut ovoidez, 1-porose, polliniferze, connectivo basi postica nonnihil tuberculato aut in membranulam lateraliter 2-lobam postice acutam expanso; 4 petalis oppositorum antherz sepius steriles, filiformes, conneetivo postice in membranulam producto. Ovarium toto ambitu adhzrens, apice breviter marginatum aut 4-alatum, 4-loculare. Stylus subulatus, stigmate obtuso punctiformi. Fructus (ex auctoritate Blume) baceatus, sphzericus, calyce vestitus, 4-locularis. Semina co, minuta, irregulariter dimidiato-ovoidea aut pyramidata, raphem lateralem nigram mon- strantia.— Frutices sarmentosi, habitu Dissochetas plures referentes, glabri aut glabriusculi, micranthi; ramis gracilibus teretibus; foliis zequalibus aut vix disparibus breviter petiolatis ovato- ellipticis acuminatis integris 3-nerviis; cymis paucifloris axillaribus ; floribus pedicellatis albis.— Aplectrum, Blume (non Nutt.) Fl. 1831, p. 502 ; Endl. Gen. n. 6247; Naud. Melast. p. 322, cum icon.

Bentham (Fl. Hee ip qos p. 116) has amplified the generic character of Anplectrum so as to include a Chinese species with on d 4 stamens, capsular fruit, ete. If this view should be adopted, the generic name, slightly altered by Asa Gray, would have to undergo a third change, as I have shown (Journ. of Bot. 1863, E 281) that the As ag species is the type of Loureiro’s Blastus, a good genus, overlooked by De Can-

olle, Endlicher, Lindley, and even Naudin, and placed, oddly enough, by its founder in Gynandria Tetran- dria, probably on account of the way in which the anthers are buried in the ovary. But I think the two

88 FLORA VITIENSIS.

genera will be found sufficiently distinct, the one "C 8 stamens and a fleshy fruit, the other 4 stamens and a 4-celled capsule.

1. A. (?) ovalifolium, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 597; fere glaberrimum; foliis late ovalibus seu ovato-rotundatis breviter acuminatis petiolatis sübitiem brenacen 8—5-plinerviis; cymis pulveru- lento-puberulis folio brevioribus; calycis dentibus brevissimis callosis, denticulis externis nullis; petalis ovatis acutis; antheris 8 homomorphis.— plectrum (?) ovalifolium, Naud. in Sched.—Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanu Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Until the fruit of this shrub is known the genus must remain doubtful, especially as the 8 stamens are probably all homomorphous and perfect.

V. Medinilla, Gaud. Voy. Freyc. p. 484. t. 106; Naud. Melast. p. 304. Flores 4—5, rarius 6-meri, nudi. Calycis tubus ovoideus aut turbinatus, carnosus; limbus integer v. in lobos obsoletos divisus, rarissime irregulariter lacerus, denticulis externis v. punctis denticulorum vestigia exhiben- tibus, seepissime ornatus. Petala ovata obovatave, acuta, interdumque acuminata. Stamina 8 v. 10, rarius 12, dolichanthera, subzqualia v. manifeste inzqualia, non tamen omnino disparia; antheris basi affixis, ssepius. incurvis, lineari-subulatis, antice basi 2-lobis v. 2-calcaratis, postice 1-2-lobis v. l-calearatis. Ovarium toto ambitu aut septis antheras in prefloratione inflexas separantibus tubo calycino usque ad apicem aut saltem maxima parte adherens, 4—5- rarius 6-loculare; placentis lamel- liformibus, margine libero incrassato carnosulis aut ex utroque latere in membranam ovuligeram expansis, co-ovulatis. Stylus filiformis, stigmate punctiformi. Bacca calycis limbo coronata, 4—5- . 6-locularis. Semina irregulariter ovoidea v. ovoideo-dimidiata, raphe laterali nigra hinc notata.— Frutices erecti aut radicantes et epiphytici, glaberrimi, rarius furfure stellato detergibili obducti ; ramis teretibus v. angulosis; foliis verticillatis v. oppositis, rarissime abortu solitariis et alternis, ut plurimum ovato-ellipticis acutis integerrimis carnosis succulentisque, nervis primariis solito more convergentibus, nonnunquam autem divergentibus, sepe purpurascentibus; floribus paniculatis aut ad axillas foliorum nodosve ramorum fasciculato-cymosis, ut plurimum roseis, interdum ey caly- cibus pedunculisque sæpissime rubicundis, nonnunquam subdiaphanis.

l. M. heterophylla, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 598. t. 75; alte scandens ; ramis teretibus ad nodos sæpius radiciferis; foliis cujusque jugi valde disparibus 5- plinerviis, majore ovato seu ovato- oblongo subcordato sābiðüininato, petiolo ejus folium alternum cordato-rotundum adæquante v. superante; racemis paniculatis elongatis; bracteis verticillatis bracteolisque obovatis magnis peta- loideis (albis) ; floribus 4-meris; calycis limbo fere integerrimo; antheris basi breviter 3-calcaratis. —Ovalau (U.S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu, about Navua (Seemann! n. 176). Also collected more recently by Storck, probably on the Rewa river.

Braets and calyx white, corolla pink, berry biack.

2. M. rhodochlena, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 600; subscandens; ramulis teretibus hinc inde radicantibus junioribus racemis calycibusque ferrügineo-pubescentibus foliis cujusque jugi ineequa- libus homomorphis ovato-oblongis acuminatis 5-plinerviis basi sæpe obliquis acutis v. obtusis petio- latis puberulis; racemis axillaribus; bracteis bracteolisque dilatatis rubris; floribus 4-meris; calycis limbo integerrimo. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, * Cavacava resiga. ”—_Mountains of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 177; Storck! n. 891), Viti Levu, between the head waters of the Navua river and Namosi (Seemann! n. 75).

Bracts, peduncles, and calyx, red; corolla white. 8. M. ameena, (sp. nov.) Seem.; erecta; ramulis teretibus, junioribus foliisque puberulis

demum glabris; foliis cujusque jugi inzequalibus homomorphis ovatis v. ellipticis in petiolum atte- nuatis breviter acuminatis 3—7-plinerviis, supra atro-viridibus, subtus pallidioribus; pedunculis axil-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 89

laribus elongatis apice trichotomo-cymosis bracteatis, bracteis inferioribus oppositis, superioribus bracteolisque verticillatis ; pedicellis alatis; floribus 4-meris ; calycibus 4-dentatis, petalis purpureis ; antheris l-porosis; baccis purpureis.—On hillsides, Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 182; Milne!). | ay

An erect shrub, about 4-6 feet high. Petioles }-l inch long. Blade of leaf 2 inches long, 14 inch broad. Peduncles as long as the leaf.. Flowers small. I saw this plant only once, and as my dried spe- cimens were in a bundle that fell into the Rewa river the description is not so perfect as could be wished. Milne’s specimen consists of a sterile branch only.

4. M. Waterhousei, (sp. nov.) Seem. mss.; epiphytica; glabra; ramulis acute 4-gonis radi- cantibus; foliis oppositis cujusque jugi homomorphis inæqualibus obovatis v. subellipticis acumi- natis v. acutis in petiolum angustatis 3-plinerviis; racemis amplis paniculatis, bracteis oppositis verticillatisve ovatis v. obovatis 3-5-nerviis ; bracteis calycibus petalisque pulchre roseis; cet. ign.— Mountains above Somosomo, island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 175), usually growing on the top of small trees.

This is certainly one of the most ornamental of Vitian plants, which I have named in honour of its discoverer, the Rev. J. Waterhouse, one of the enterprising band of Christian missionaries in Viti, to whom ` I am indebted for much kindness during my explorations of the group. It would be a great acquisition to our hot-houses, growing as it does only about a foot and a half high, and having small leaves and very large flowers. Unfortunately my flowering specimens are imperfect. Largest leaves, including petiole, 2-21 inches long, 2-1 inch broad. Bracts about 1 inch long.

5. M. parvifolia, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramulis obtuse tetragonis, foliis bracteisque junioribus furfuraceo-puberulis, demum glabris; foliis oppositis cujusque jugis homomorphis zequalibus obovatis obtusis v. retusis basi cuneatis integerrimis 3-plinerviis; racemis axillaribus; bracteis oppositis spa- thulatis v. obovatis; cet. ign.— Top of Voma Peak, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 178).

All I collected were a few scraps, the inflorescence just appearing, but the flower-buds too young for examination. Petiole 4 inch long. Blade of leaf 1-14 inch long, about 1 inch broad.

VI. Melastoma, Burm. Fl Zeyl. 72; Naud. Melast. p. 139. Flos 5., rarius 6—7-merus. Calycis dentes sepius acuti, tubum campanulatum subæquantes, cum denticulis totidem subulatis sepissime alternantes, decidui. Petala inzquilatera obovata retusa aut omnino obovato-cordata, rarius apiculata, ciliata. Stamina 10-12, valde inzequalia, raro subæqualia discolora et subdissimilia ; antheris ut plurimum lineari-subulatis 1-porosis recurvis, antice magis minusve undulatis; 5 majo- rum violaceis, connectivo infra loculos scpissime longe producto (loculorum circiter longitudine) areuato et ad insertionem filamenti antice plerumque 2-lobo aut 2-calcarato; 5 minorum luteis connectivo infra loculos nullo aut subnullo, ibi autem szpius 2-testiculato. Ovarium ovoideum, nunc fere omnino liberum, nunc et sepius ad mediam usque septis antheras in prefloratione inflexas separantibus calyci adnatum, apice setosum, 5—6-loculare. Stylus filiformis, crassus, sig- moideus, stigmate obtuso. Fructus maturus globosus, calycis tubo persistente et tunc subsphzerico vestitus, magis minusve carnosus, interdumque fere capsularis, demum lacerus. Semina cochleata.— Frutices, rarius fruticuli strigosi, ut plurimum macranthi; foliis in eodem jugo sequalibus aut vix disparibus, ovatis lanceolatisve, seepius integerrimis, 3-5-7-nerviis; floribus ad apices ramorum fasci- culatis aut glomeratis, nonnunquam solitariis; calycibus setosis, strigoso-paleaceis, rarius barbatis aut echinatis ; petalis violaceis purpureisve interdumque pallide roseis v. albis.

Besides the species mentioned below, we have in Polynesia AM. pelagicum, from the Salomon's Islands, and perhaps M. microphyllum, of which the exact native country is unknown.

]. M. denticulatum, Juabill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 65. t. 64; fruticosum, micranthum, brachy- andrum; ramis strigosis; foliis ovatis oblongove-ovatis acuminatis subintegerrimis 5-nerviis, pagina utraque strigilloso-scabris; floribus 5-meris ad apices ramorum paniculato-corymbosis ; petalis

N

90 . FLORA VITIENSIS.

obovatis; antheris oblongis subobtusis v. acuminatis, majorum connectivo infra loculos breviusculo et ad insertionem filamenti antice 2-lobo.— M. Vitiense, Naud. Melast. p. 141.—Common throughout the Viti group, in open places (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 180; Milne! Sir E. Home! Harvey! M‘Gillivray!), Aneitum, New Hebrides (Milne! M‘Gillivray !), New Caledonia Labillar- diére! ex Herb. Webb.

I have no doubt about the identity of M. denticulatum and M. Vitiense. The anthers are not always

so acuminate as they are in Labillardiére’s figure; very frequently they are obtuse, though never to the same degree as in JM. Tuitense.* The flowers vary from almost pure white to deep pink.

2. M. Nove-Hollandiz, Naud. Melast. p. 156; ramis teretiusculis furfuraceo-ferrugineis v. strigillosis; foliis petiolatis oblongo-ovatis ellipticove-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis, adjecto utroque nervo submarginali 5-nerviis, supra strigosis, subtus setulosis; floribus ad apices ramorum 5—7-nis, interdum paucioribus aut numerosioribus, corymbosis v. umbellatis; calycis tubo strigoso-candicanti, dentibus acutis tubum zequantibus, denticulis minutis acutis; petalis elliptico-obovatis.— M. Banksii, A. Cunningh. in Sched. Herb. et in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. ii. ex parte.— Common in Viti Levu (Milne!) and Ovalau, about Port Kinnaird (Seemann! n.179), Queensland (Banks! Cunningham ! Forster !). :

I fancy this must be the plant which A. Gray, with a mark of doubt, referred to M. polyanthum, for which, indeed, at the first blush it may well be mistaken. The calyx-tube is covered with glossy whitish

pales. I am not aware that Cunningham ever gave a definition of his M. Banksii, and I should be inclined to refer some of his specimens to which that name is attached to M. denticulatum.t

Ordo XXXVIII. RHIZOPHORACEZE.

I. Haplopetalon, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 608. t. 7C. Calyx profunde 4—5-fidus, lobis trian- gularibus zstivatione valvatis. Petala 4—5, obovata, calyce inserta, fere exunguiculata, integerrima, carinata, sestivatione involuta, decidua. Stamina 16-20, brevissima, 1-serialia, margini disci perigyni tenuis inserta; antherz ovales, introrsz, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes, filamentis subu- latis equilonge. Stylus brevis, apice 4—7-fidus, lobis linearibus demum patentibus apice stigmatosis. Ovarium depressum, calycis tubo (mediante disci) semiadnatum, 1-loculare. Ovula 8-10, anatropa, e columna centrali geminatim appensa.—Arbuscule glabre; folis oppositis oblongis v. obovatis

obseure serrulatis v. subintegerrimis; stipulis interpetiolaribus caducis; pedicellis in axillis laxe fasciculatis.

1. H. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 608. t. 76; foliis oblongis v. obovato-ellipticis obtuse acuminatis v. obtusis in petiolum attenuatis, obscure serrulatis, glabris; alabastris pubescentibus ; calycis segmentis petalisque 4; styli lobis 4—5.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.).

2. H. Seemanni, A. Gray in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 37, et in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 318; foliis obovatis subtus cum ramis novellis molliter pubescentibus; alabastris hirsutis; calycis segmentis petalisque szepius 5; styli lobis 7.— Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 184).

* M. Taitense, DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 144; Naud. Melast. p. 141 (M. Malabathricum, Forst. Prodr. n. _ 193 (non Linn.); Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Paeif. p. 256, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 48), does not seem to have been found as yet out of the Society Islands. It has narrower leaves than M. denticulatum, invariably white flowers (judging from Solander's, Forster's, Parkinson's, and Pickering's notes and draw- ings), and differently-shaped, always obtuse anthers. I have seen specimens from Banks and Solander, Forster, Barclay, and Bidwill. E

+ An allied Australian species, which Dr. F. Mueller has distributed as M. Nove-Hollandia, and named M. Malabathricum in his * Fragmenta, vol. iv. p. 161, collected in Arnheim Land and at Port Essington (Armstrong! n. 354), I hold to be new. It is M. velutinum, Seem., and may be known by its ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, 5-ribbed leaves, which on the upper surface are softly strigose, and on the lower covered with a thick velvety, generally rusty tomentum.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 91

The discovery of this second species, as A. Gray justly observes in ' Bonplandia,’ strengthens Haplo- petalon, and somewhat modifies the generic character. The leaves are much larger than in H. Richi, being 5-7 inches long and 3-4 broad.

II. Rhizophora, Linn. Gen, n. 592; Endl. Gen. n. 6098. Calyx tubo cum ovarii basi connato, limbi 4-partiti laciniis tubum duplo v. triplo superantibus. Petala 4, annulo carnoso summum calycis tubum vestienti extus inserta, ejusdem laciniis alterna, acuminata, apice nuda. Stamina 8-12, cum petalis inserta, 4 iisdem opposita; filamenta brevissima, subnulla; antherz introrse, 2-loculares, ob- longo-lineares, acuminate, basi insertz, conniventes, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium semi- inferum, parte adnata 2-loculari, 4-ovulata, parte libera solida ovata carnosa, sensim in stylum brevem conicum attenuata, stigmate 2-dentato. Fructus coriaceus, subovatus, supra basin calycis limbo reflexo cinctus, abortu 1-locularis, 1-spermus, apice seminis exalbuminosi inversi mox germi- nantis, radicula elongata clavata perforatus.—A rbores litorales ; foliis oppositis integerrimis glabris; stipulis interpetiolaribus caducis; pedunculis axillaribus 29.fidis v. dichotomis ; calyce bractea cupu- leformi suffulto ; floribus majusculis, alabastris ovoideis leevibus.

1. R. mucronata, Lam. Dict. vol. vi. p. 169; Ill. t. 396. f. 2; foliis ovatis v. oblongo-ellipticis abrupte acuminatis; stipulis oblongis obtusis mox deciduis; floribus dichotomo-cymosis, marginibus petalorum pilosis, staminibus 8; fructu ovoideo.—Rhizophora Mangle, Forst. Prodr. n. 202, non Linn. (?). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Dogo."—Common at the mouths of rivers and on swampy parts of all the islands (Seemann! n. 185). Also collected in New Caledonia (W. Anderson! anno 1774), Tongan and Samoan islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and on the east coast of New Holland, the East Indies, and Mauritius.

This tree produces a hard and durable wood. The sap has a blood-red colour, and is much employed by the natives, amongst whom it is as fashionable to dye their hair red as it was amongst the ladies of ancient Rome, after their roving husbands had become acquainted with the fair locks of the Teutonic race. When first put on, the sap is allowed to run freely over the face and neck, producing an effect very much like that a crown of thorns is represented to do in some of our familiar pictures. On the island of Nukubati, on the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu, I also saw the sap employed by potters for painting their crockery. Just after the pots had been baked, and were still quite hot, a mixture consisting of this fluid and the sap of Hibiscus moschatus, Linn., was used for that purpose, the colour of the paint remaining almost unchanged after the vessels had become cool and dry. The aerial roots, being very elastic, offer good materials for

bows, of which the Fijians avail themselves.

III. Bruguiera, Lam. Dict. vol. iv. p. 696. t. 397 ; Endl. Gen. n. 6101. Calyx tubo turbinato, . limbi 8-14-partiti laciniis tubum subzequantibus. Petala 8-14, annulo car- noso summum calycis tubum vestienti inserta, oblonga, 2-fida, basi conduplicata v. convoluta, sta- mina retinentia. Stamina 16-28, cum petalis inserta et geminatim opposita, tandem elastice ab iisdem resilientia ; filamenta filiformia, petalis subdimidio breviora, alternatim inzquilonga; anthers introrse, 2-loculares, lineares v. oblongze, acutz, basi insertz, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium inferum, 2-3-4-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis, stylo filiformi staminum longitudine; stigmate 2—4-den- tato. Fructus coriaceus, turbinatus, calycis limbo coronatus, apice haud exserto seminis exalbumi- nosi inversi, mox germinantis, radicula elongato-cylindrica perforatus.— Arbores v. arbusculz littorales ; foliis oppositis integerrimis glabris, stipulis interpetiolaribus deciduis; pedunculis axillaribus 1-3-20- floris; calycibus ebracteatis, alabastris fusiformibus v. ovoideis.

cum ovario connato,

l. B. Rheedii, Blume, Fl. Jav.; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 494; foliis ovatis v. oblongo-ellip- ticis breviter acuminatis jn petiolum attenuatis ; stipulis oblongis, mox deciduis ; pedunculis axilla- ribus solitariis deflexis (1 unc. et ultr. long.) ; petalis apice setosis ; fructibus teretibus 6-angulatis.— B. australis, A, Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. i. p. 367. B. Rheedii et B. Rumphii, Blume, Mus. Bot. vol. i. p. 138. B. gymnorhiza, Forst. Prodr. n. 201 (non Lam. ?). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, m N 2

92 FLORA VITIENSIS.

* Dogo” (v. [P] “ Dogo kana”).—Common at the mouths of rivers and on swampy shores of various Vitian islands. Also collected in the Tongan islands (Forster! in Mus. Brit.) and Samoan islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The general Vitian name for Mangroves is “ Dogo,” and the natives speak of four different kinds, but the United States Exploring Expedition and myself only collected two. The fruit of one of these, which is termed * Dogo kana” (i.e. edible Mangrove), is made into bread (madrai) and eaten in times of scarcity, and I believe B. Rheedii to be that species, as we know it is resorted to for that purpose in various other countries. The fruit of other Mangroves is also eaten, but at the best it must be but poor food, and we can well believe in the sufferings of Pizarro and his companions when on their voyage of discovery to Peru, whilst staying in the little island of Gorgona, their staple food was partly supplied by Mangrove fruits.

The wood of B. Rheedii is hard and durable. The aerial roots are employed for making bows. It is well known that the use of the bow is restricted*in Polynesia to the dark-skinned Papuan race, to which the Viti people belong. The light-skinned Malay Polynesians were ignorant of it. To a certain extent the absence, or let us rather say scarcity, of Mangroves in the islands of eastern Polynesia inhabited by the Malay Polynesians, and the abundance of these trees in the western parts peopled by the dark Papuans, may account for it. We have no record of any Mangroves being found in the Hawaiian or in the Marquesas islands. Forster mentions a Mangrove as occurring in the Society Islands, but there is no specimen of it in his herbarium, nor have I ever seen any other specimen from there. A fragment, ticketed Tahiti, was in the collections made by the United States Exploring Expedition, but it was thought to be a mistake ; and Dr. Pickering, in his notes, does not mention Mangroves as occurring in Tahiti. Nor does Guillemin (Zeph. Tait.) seem to know of any Mangroves in Tahiti. But there seems to be no doubt about the occurrence of Mangroves in the Samoan or Navigator group, both the species found in Viti having been collected there by the American Expedition, but whether they are abundant or rare in those islands is not stated. Two species are also found in the Tongan islands, according to Forster, but only of one of them has an imperfect specimen been preserved. The subject is deserving of further investigation.

Onpo XXXIX. COMBRETACEZ.

I. Terminalia, Linn. Mant. 21. Flores polygami. Calyx tubo cylindraceo, cum ovario connato, supra ovarium constricto, limbo campanulato 4—5-dentato deciduo. Corolla 0. Stamina 8-10, calycis limbo 2-seriatim inserta; filamenta subulata; antherz 2-loculares, ovate v. subglo- bose, longitudinaliter dehiseentes. Ovarium inferum, l-loculare; ovula 2, rarius 3, pendula, ana- tropa. Stylus subulatus; stigma acutum. Drupa angulata v. compressa, ad margines sæpe 2-5- alata, carnosa v. exsucca, putamine lignoso l-spermo. Semen inversum. Embryonis exalbuminosi orthotropi cotyledones circa radiculam superam spiraliter convolutz. Arbores v. frutices; ramis sepe subverticillatis; folis ad apices ramorum confertim alternis integerrimis v. crenulatis, sspe pellucido-punctatis, exstipulatis; floribus abortu polygamis bracteatis racemosis v. glomeratis, albis viridibus v. coloratis.— Chuncoa, Pav. in Juss. Gen. 76. Gimbernatia, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. 138. t. 36. Catappa, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 206. t. 197. Myrobalanus, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 90. t. 97. : d ;

i Under the name of * Katappers of Indianensche Amandelboom,” Terminalia Catappa was first men- tioned by Johan Nieuhof, in his ‘Gedenkweerdige Brasilianense Zee- en Lant-Reize, Amsterdam, 1682, fol., who at p. 237 gives a general description of the tree and its uses, and says there is more than one kind of the fruit :—“ Daer is meer als eenerlei flagh van deze vruchten; want zommige hebben een bleek root- achtige schil, en zijn wat grooter; en andere een geele, gelijk gezeit is.” The former is doubtless Hass- karl's var. macrocarpa, the latter his chlorocarpa (fructibus minoribus viridi-flavescentibus). Rheede (Hort. Mal., part iv. p. 5. t. 3, 4, 1682), under the name of Adamarum, gives in pl. 3 an excellent portrait of the tree, in which its coniferous habit is faithfully represented. He says the drupe is at first green, ultimately “rufo.” Hence his plant represents probably the var. macrocarpa of Hasskarl. Ray (His- toria Plant. pp. 1521, 1688) quotes both Nieuhof and Rheede, and copies almost verbatim Rheede's de- — Plukenet (‘ Almagest,’ p. 28; Lond. 1696) enumerates “ Amygdala Indica sive Adamarum, H. Malab,, p. 4, eujus meminit Joh. Nieuhof, in suo itinerario." A specimen preserved in Plukenet’s her- - barium (Herb. Sloane, vol. xcii., back of fol. 12, Brit. Mus.), is the true Terminalia. Catappa. . Linneus

FLORA VITIENSIS. 93

(* Mantissa,’ p. 519, 1767) quotes Nieuhof and Ray’s names as synonyms of his Terminalia Catappa, 80 there ean be no doubt about the plant he really meant. Rumphius (Herb. Amb. vol. i. p. 175. t. 68, 1750), enumerates under the heading “ Catappa, Catappan," three kinds of Terminalia, viz. domestica, litorea, and sylvestris. The description of the first belongs undoubtedly to Terminalia Catappa, Linn. But which is the second (litorea)? Rumphius has well stated the difference between them. The true 7. Catappa (Catappa domestica) is a middle-sized tree with the habit of a Conifera, extremely well figured by Rheede, and it is largely cultivated throughout the eastern hemisphere. The branches are always in whorls, and nearly at right angles with the stem. The leaves are generally crowded at the extremity of the branchlets in spurious whorls, and before drooping they undergo a series of changes in colour from grey to yellow and bright red, as many North American, but few Asiatic or Polyfiesian, plants do. Catappa litorea is a much higher tree than Catappa domestica, but does not possess that regularity of growth; the leaves are more irregularly placed, and do not undergo a change of colour to the same extent. The plant is never cultivated, and closely confined to the sea. Its branches, as Rumphius well observes, overhang the salt water. The fruit is much smaller than that of T. Catappa, compressed, and those I have seen were not spoon-shaped as is sometimes the case in T. Catappa. But very little reliance can be placed on the shape of the fruit in this genus, it being extremely variable. On a branch of T. Catappa, now before me, there are seven fruits, all of which are different, and three of them quite spoon-shaped. A. Gray has remarked the same in the specimens colleeted in Wilkes's Expedition. Lamarck (Eneyelop. Méthod., Paris, 1783), established, upon Rumphius's pl. 58, a new species which he terms Terminalia Moluccana, and he distinguishes the two species thus :—

T. Catappa, foliis obovatis crenulatis, subtus tomentosis. Rheede, Mal. vol. iv. p. 5. t. 3 et 4.

T. Moluccana, foliis obovatis, integerrimis utrinque glabris. Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. i. p. 174. t. 68.

Now, the leaves of the genuine T. Catappa are, when the plant is old, generally quite glabrous, though they are more or less tomentose in young plants, and the crenulation of the edge is at the best of times obscure, and in some instances the margin is quite entire. Rumphius's figure, quoted by Lamarck, certainly belongs to the true Terminalia Catappa, as expressly stated by Rumphius. Lamarck's T. Moluccana must therefore fall to the ground, and has already been suppressed by Miquel (Fl. Neerl. Ind. vol. i. part i. p. 599). The species which several authors have mistaken for 7. Moluccana seems to have been what Rumphius calls Catappa litorea. Specimens which I collected in Viti agree with A. Gray’s brief descrip- tion of what he believed to be Lamarck's T. Moluccana, but what I take to be Rumphius's Catappa litorea, and shall call 7. litoralis. When young this species is more or less hairy, but when old perfectly gla- brous, much more so than any specimen of T. Catappa I have ever seen. Forster's T. glabrata, an original specimen of which is preserved at the British Museum, is identical with 7. Catappa. A. Gray was right in his conjecture that Forster must have taken his character of the drupe from immature fruit; it is de- scribed as “ green by Forster, whereas in Parkinson's drawing of Tahitian plants, t. 116, it is shown to be purple, and Solander, in his manuscript notes, terms it “obscure purpurea.” The Tahitian plant might, on account of the difference of colour in its fruit from the ordinary red-fruited plant, be regarded as a distinct variety, for there is no specific difference between Forster's and Linneus’s plant. T. Richi, A. Gray, must also bé a small form of T. Catappa.

1. T. Catappa, Linn. Mant. 519; arborea; ramis pseudoverticillatis subhorizontaliter paten- tibus, ramulis petiolisque ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis sparsis v. in extremitate ramulorum subverti- cillato-aggregatis, longiuscule petiolatis, obovato-oblongis, rotundatis v. breviter acuminatis, basi subcordatis v. in petiolum angustatis, obsolete crenulatis, supra glabris, subtus ad costas pubescen- tibus, basi et in axillis nervorum glandulosis, nervis primariis utriusque lateris 8-10; racemis erectis, pedunculo ferrugineo-tomentoso v. glabrato ; calyce 5-fido, extus glabro; drupa compressa cochleata v. ovata obscure angulata glabra.— Katappers, of Indianensche Amandelboom, Nieuhof, Reize, ed. Amst., 1682, p. 237. Adamarum, Rheede, Hort. Mal. pars iv. p. 5. t. 3 et 45. Pluk. Alm. p. 28; Ray, Hist. Plant. p. 1521; Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. i. p. 175. T. Moluccana, Lam. Encycl. Méth. p. 849. T. glabrata, Forst. Plant. Escul. n. 20 et Prodr. n. 389; Spreng. Antiq. Bot. t. 2 (?). Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pac. p. 348, et in Parkinson's Drawings of Tah. Plants, t. 116. Nomina ver- nac. Tahitensia, teste Forster, * Auwiri," «Tara iri” v. * Taraheiriri ;" Vitiensis, teste Seemann, «Tavola. ”—Common throughout Viti, and often cultivated (Seemann! in 187; Barclay ! in Mus. . Brit.). Also collected in the Society Islands (Forster! Mus. Brit.), and much cultivated throughout

*

the tropies of both hemispheres.

. _ The “Tavola” supplies a valuable timber, used for various purposes, tlie most singular of which is, that . itis made into drums, called * Lali,” the beating of which is resorted to when distinguished guests arriye,

94 FLORA VITIENSIS.

on festive occasions, or to call the Christian natives to divine worship; and it is a curious coincidence, but nothing but a coincidence, that the ancient Egyptian term for rejoicing was “lali,” as in the Arabian song ** Doos ya-lel-lee." These drums are beaten with two short and thick pieces of wood, and the sound pro- duced ean be heard within a radius of several miles. From Forster's account, it appears that the Tahitians also made drums of this wood (** Materies pro extruendis cymbis, tympanis, scamnisque usurpatur"). The seed is edible, and the white colonists have given it the name of * Fijian almonds;” but as it has only the shape and whiteness, but not the flavour of the almond, that name must be received ewm grano salis. The natives are extremely fond of the Tavola as an ornamental tree, and frequently plant it near their houses and around their publie buildings. The horizontal tendency of the branches, upon which they improve by applying weights, the clean look of the tree and its freedom from epiphytic plants, and the animals hoard- ing in them, as well as the change of colour which the leaves undergo before falling off—brown, red, yellow, and scarlet,—seem to please them very much.

2. T. litoralis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arborea ; ramis sparsis suberecto-patentibus, ramulis junioribus petiolisque albido-tomentosis, demum glabris; foliis sparsis breviter petiolatis obovatis obtusis v. emarginatis basi subcordatis, integerrimis, utrinque glaberrimis, subtus in axillis nervorum glandu- losis, nervis primariis utriusque lateris 7-8; racemis filiformibus, pedunculis pedicellisque gla- berrimis; calyce 4—5-fido extus glabro intus albido-villoso; drupa compressa obovato-rotundata multo minore quam in T. Catappa.—T. Moluccana, auct., non Lam.? Catappa litorea, Rumph. Herb. Amb. p. 175.—N omen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tiwi."—Common on the sandy sea-beaches; never found inland (Seemann! n. 188). :

A tree often sixty feet high, branches crooked, and irregularly scattered around the stem. Wood used for building purposes; the seeds sometimes eaten by children, and inferior in quality to those of T. Catappa.

II. Lumnitzera, Willd. in Berl. Nat. Fr. vol. iv. p. 186; Endl. Gen. n. 6084. Calyx tubo oblongo compresso adnato 2-bracteolato, limbi superi persistentis tubuloso-campanulati 5-lobi lobis obtusis, sepe ineequalibus. Petala 5, summo calycis limbo inter ejusdem lobos inserta, oblonga, patentia. Stamina 10, 3 v. 5 interdum abortiva; filamenta filiformi-subulata, antherz 2-loculares, longitudi- naliter dehiscentes. Ovarium inferum, 1-loculare. Ovula 3-5, pendula, anatropa. Stylus subu- latus; stigma acutum. Drupa coriacea, calycis limbo coronata, ovato-oblonga, compressa, angulata, l-sperma. Semen inversum. Embryonis exalbuminosi orthotropi cotyledones foliaces, circa radi- culam superam convolute.—Frutices v. arbores, inter Rhizophoras littorales ; foliis alternis cuneato- oblongis retusis v. emarginatis integerrimis v. obsolete crenatis glabris crassiusculis subaveniis, spicis brevibus plerumque simplicibus, axillaribus solitariis v. terminalibus corymbosis, floribus albis v. coccineis, bractea parva stipatis.—Phyrranthus, Jack in Malay. Misc. Petaloma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 372. | |

1. L. coccinea, Wight et Arn. Prodr. p. 316; arborea v. fruticosa, glabra; foliis obovatis v. oblongo-cuneatis obtusissimis crassis; floribus (coccineis) racemosis terminalibus, szepius subcorym- bosis; calycis laciniis obtusis; staminibus petalis duplo longioribus.— Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 503.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Sagali."—Common in the Mangrove swamps of all the islands (Seemann! n. 189). Also found on the -east coast of Australia (Banks and Solander !) and in the Indian Archipelago.

The wood is blackish, hard, and durable, and used for various purposes.

III. Gyrocarpus, Jacq. Amer. p. 282. t. 178. fig. 80; Endl. Gen. n. 2068. Flores polygami. Hermaphr.: Calycis tubus cum ovario connatus ; limbus superus, 4-6-8-lobus, lobis 2 oppositis per- sistentibus, demum increscentibus. Petala 0. Stamina 4; filamenta glandulis (staminodiis) stipi- tatis distinctis v. utrinque adnatis interposita; antherz valvulis dehiscentes. Ovarium adherens, l-loculare; ovulum 1, pendulum, anatropum. Stigma sessile, subobliquum. Drupa apice bialata, l-sperma. Semen inversum, testa cartilaginea.: Embryo orthotropus, exalbuminosus. Cotyledones

FLORA VITIENSIS. 95

petiolate; plumule spiraliter circumvolute. Masc.: Calyx liber et andreecium ut in hermaphro- dito.—Arbor excelsa, foliis alternis integris lobatisve, paniculis florum cymosis przecocibus.

Lindley and Bentham have referred this genus to Combretacee, from the typical forms of which it differs in having valvate anthers; and until some better place has been found, it must remain there. I agree with Bentham in reducing all the species of Gyrocarpus proposed by different authors to only one species, which, like most litoral plants, has a wide range in both the eastern and western hemispheres. Nothing is more striking than the differences observable in the young and the old plants. In the former the leaves are large, broadly cordate, and deeply 3-lobed, as figured in Jacq. Ic. Amer. t. 178, f. 80, and loosely tomentose on both sides; in the latter they are quite entire, glabrous, more acuminate and more acute at the base than in the form characterized as G.. acuminata, Meisn., as already pointed out by Bentham.

1. G. Jacquini, Roxb. Pl. Corom. vol. i. p. 2. t. i.; Lam. Ill. t. 850; Benth. Fl. Austr. vol. ii. p. 505 ; Pers. Syn. vol. i. p. 143.—G. Americanus, Jacq. Am. p. 282. t. 178. f. 80. G. Asiaticus, Willd. Sp. vol. iv. p. 982. G. acuminatus, Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. sect. i. p. 248. G. sphenopterus, R. Brown, Prodr. 405; Endl. Iconogr. t. 48. G. rugosus, R. Brown, Prodr. 405. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wiriwiri."—Common on the sea-beach, Taviuni and other islands (Seemann! n. 561). Also found in Eastern Australia, and in tropical America and Asia.

A large, quick-growing tree, with soft, useless wood. In old trees the heart of the trunk is often found decayed in the manner of our Willows.

Orpo XL. HOMALINEZA.

I. Homalium, Jacq. Am. 170. t. 183. f. 72; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. iv. p. 33; Endl. Gen. n. 5086 et 5087. Calycis tubus turbinatus v. oblongus, ovarii basi adnatus ; limbus co-partitus, segmentis (4—12) petalisque totidem cum iis alternantibus persistentibus post anthesin sepius ac- cretis. Glandula pulvinata, intus ad basin cujusve calycis segmenti. Stamina ad basin petalorum inserta, iis opposita, tot quot petala, vel ad quodque petalum 2-7 approximata v. fasciculata. Ovarium 1-loculare, basi adnatum et vacuum, superne liberum, conicum, stylis 3—5 liberis v. basi connatis coronatum ; placentz parietales, versus apicem cavitatis tot quot styli et cum iis alternantes; ovula in quaque placenta 2-6 (sepius 4), pendula. Fructus paullo accretus, siccus, medio calycis segmentis petalisque persistentibus et seepius accretis cinctus, apice valvulis stylos findentibus et medio pla- centiferis breviter dehiscens (v. induratus et indehiscens?) Semina pauca, parva, pendula, oblonga. Albumen haud copiosum. Embryo rectus, radicula brevi supera, cotyledonibus oblongis tenuiter foliaceis.—A rbores v. frutices ; stipulis parvis sepe caducis, foliis alternis integerrimis v. ssepius obtuse dentatis penniveniis ; racemis axillaribus simplicibus v. in paniculas terminales dispositis v. paniculis divaricate ramosis ; floribus parvis, sepe inconspicuis, sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, solitariis v. fas- ciculatis.—Blackwellia, Comm. ex Juss. Gen. p. 343. Cordylanthes, Blume, Mus. Bot. vol. ii. p. 27.

1. H. Vitiense, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. iv. p. 36; foliis ovatis vix coriaceis glabris ; floribus subsessilibus 8-10-meris; calycis tubo oblongo-turbinato; segmentis linearibus quam petala lineari-cuneata vix minoribus, staminibus ad petala 2-3-nis; stylis sepius 4.— Viti Levu (Milne !)

This plant has the shuttlecock flowers of several species of the Blackwellia section of the genus, and is allied to, though quite distinct from, H. fetidum. The leaves are 2-3 inches long. Another Polynesian species with shuttlecock flowers was gatheed at Kanala, New Caledonia (Macgillivray ! n. 30), whieh may bear the name of H. (Racoubea) Austro-Caledonicum, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; ramis angu- latis foliisque glabris; foliis petiolatis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis obtusis v. breviter acuminatis grosse et irregulariter erenatis, crasse coriaceis; racemis simplicibus elongatis villosiuseulis; floribus subsessilibus 10-12-meris, calycis tubo turbinato, segmentis linearibus quam petala linearia longioribus; stylis 3. The only specimen at my disposal has the branches curiously ringed at the lower end, but it remains to be seen whether this is so in other specimens. Petioles 2 inch long. Blade of leaf 3-3} inches long, 2 inches broad. Stamens arranged in three whorls, opposite the petals; those of the outer two whorls in pairs those of the inner whorl single. - me

96 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orpo XLI. PASSIFLORACE:.

In ‘The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald’ I endeavoured to show that Passifloracee and Turneracee were so intimately connected as to constitute one Natural Order. I believe this view is now generally adopted. In Polynesia the Order is represented by one species of Passiflora and seven species of Disemma.

I. Disemma, Labill. Nov. Caled. 78. t. 79; Endl. Gen. n. 5100. Perigonium tubo brevi, subtus sulcato, limbi 10-partiti lobis 2-seriatis, interioribus minoribus corollinis. Corona faucis duplex, exterior filamentosa, filis l-seriatis, interior tubuloso-conica, longitudinaliter plicata, ore truncato v. denticulato. Urceolus carnosus, gynophori basim laxe cingens, 5-lobus. Stamina 5, peri- gonii laciniis exterioribus opposita, cum gynophoro longo connata; filamenta apice libera; antherz 2-loculares, oblongze, incumbentes, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium longe stipitatum, 1-locu- lare. Ovulain placentis parietalibus tribus co, co-seriata, horizontalia, anatropa. -Styli 3, cylindrico- subclavati ; stigmata subcapitata. Bacca subglobosa, 2-locularis, intus pulposa, placentis parietalibus 3. Semina oco, ovata, compressa, funiculi apice in arillum carnosum expanso inclusa, testa crustacea scrobiculata. | Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi orthotropus, cotyledonibus foliaceis, radicula umbi- lico proxima centrifuga.—Frutices, Passiflore facie, foliis alternis 3—5-lobis, stipulis setaceis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis v. geminis 1-floris, bracteis a flore remotis.— Passiflore sp., Forst. ; Murucuje sp., Lindl. Coll. t. 36.

This genus is confined to New Holland and the Pacific Islands; the most eastern species is Disemma cerulescens, Seem.* D. aurantia is found in New Caledonia and the adjacent islets (Forster! Milne !), D. adiantifolia and Baueriana in Norfolk Island, and three new species in Viti.

1. D. (?) Barclayi, Seem. (sp. nov.) ; petiolis eglandulosis; foliis glabris basi ovatis late 3-lobis, lobis oblongis v. obovatis obtusis mucronatis, medio productiore ; czt. ign.—In woods, Taviuni and Viti Levu (Barclay! n. 3459 in Mus. Brit. ; Seemann! n. 190, ex parte).

: A small-leaved, delicate-looking plant, discovered in 1840 by Barclay, but his specimens, as well as mine, are not in flower. I confused it in the distribution of my specimens with the following species, which I collected in bud. Petiole almost filiform, 1-2 inches long. Blade of leaf 1213 inch long 14 inch broad. The natives of Taviuni, and probably also those of other parts of Viti, make wreaths of this creeper, which they wear around their heads.

2. D. Storckii, Seem. (sp. nov.) ; petiolis medio 2-glandulosis; foliis glabris basi ovatis late 3-lobis, lobis ovatis v. oblongis obtusis mucronatis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, 38-5-nerviis ; pedunculis apice 2-articulatis, 2-3-bracteatis, bracteis setaceis; floribus masculis 4-meris.—Taviuni, in woods (Seemann! n. 190, ex parte). à

A more robust-looking plant than the preceding. Petioles 2-23 inches long. Blade of leaf 3 inches long. Flowers greenish, as far as could be seen from the young buds. Hermaphrodite flowers not seen.

3. D. Vitiensis, Seem. (sp. nov.); petiolis apice 2-glandulosis; foliis glabris basi ovatis late 3-lobis ovatis obtusis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, 3—5-nerviis; filis coronz exterioris lobis perigonii internis duplo brevioribus ; corona interiore truncata, ore dentato.— Viti Levu (Milne !).

* D. cerulescens, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 366; glabra, petiolis 2-glandulosis, foliis basi ovatis late 3-lobis, lobis indivisis triangularibus acutis, medio productiore, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus ; cirrhis simplicibus ; floribus solitariis; pedunculis bracteolis 3 setiformibus instructis; perigonii laciniis littearibus (czrulescentibus) ; corona interiore truncata ore minute undulato-crispa ; antheris tortis; ovario subgloboso.— Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook! in Brit. Mus.). Blade of leaf 31 inches long ; petiole 23 inches long. Outer segments of perigonium 1} inch long. Differs from D. adiantifolia and Barclayi in having glandulose petioles, from D. aurantia, coccinea, Herbertiana, and Baueriana in the colour of the flowers and the form of the leaves.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 97

_Petiole 1 inch long. Blade 2 inches long, 2-23 inches broad. Flowers large; external parts of peri- gonium, judging from Milne’s indifferent specimens, greenish, internal red or blood-colour,

Ordo XLII. PAPAYACEZE.

I. Papaya, Tourn. Inst. p. 659, t. 441; DC. Prodr. pars xv. sect. i. p. 414. Lobi corolle masc. estivatione dextrorsum v. sinistrorsum contorta. Ovarium 1-loculare, ovulis secus lineas 5 in pariete externa dispositis. Stylus minimus. Stigma obovato-oblonga, planiuscula, patentia, obtuse lobata.. Semina rugoso-echinata.—Arbuscule inermes, foliis simplicibus palmatifidis v. subpartitis. —Carica, Linn. Gen. ed. 1. n. 759. Endl. Gen. n. 5119.

In the Fijian specimens the zstivation of the corolla of the male flowers is in one and the same raceme

both dextrorse and sinistrorse, so that one of the characters by which Alph. De Candolle distinguished Papaya from Vasconcellea breaks down.

1. P. vulgaris, DC. in Lam. Dict. vol v. p. 2; dioica v. subdioica; foliis ambitu ovatis 7- (raro 6—9-)fidis v. subpartitis, lobis ovato-acutis varie sinuatis lobatisve inferioribus petiolo approxi- matis; racemis masc. pendulis v. patentibus petiolo brevioribus, foemineis abbreviatis 1—3-floris ; fructibus approximatis pendulis obovato-ellipsoideis obtusis viridi-luteis obtuse lateque subcostatis ; tuberculis seminum obtusis.— Papaya orientalis, Col. in Hern. Thes. p. 870, cum icone. Papaya et Ambapapaya, Rheede, Mal. vol. i.t. 15. Papaya, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. t. 50. Papaya, Hughes, Barbad. t. 14, 15. Carica Papaya, Linn. Sp. p. 1466, excl. syn.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 459; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 1298, 2899; Wight, Ill. t. 106, 107. Papaya sativa, Tuss. Antil. vol. iii. p. 45. t. 10, ll. Papaya communis, Desc. Fl. Med. Antil. vol. i. t. 47, 48. Carica Mamaya, Vell. Fl. Flum. vol. x. t. 181 (pessima).—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Oleti."—Common about the European settlements

and native villages.

The Oleti or Papaw-tree has been introduced into Viti,—I am told in the early part of this century,— and Barclay alloca specimens of it in 1840 in Viti Levu, but I have not been able to learn from what country it has been brought over. The white settlers generally term the tree, which is now found in almost every part of the group, * Mammey-apple," and this may point to Brazil, where it is known by the name of * Mamaya." I have also seen specimens of this Papaya from the Marquesas Islands. Ellis (Polyn. Researches) does not enumerate it in 1829 as existing in Tahiti; Guillemin, in 1837, has it in his Tahitian list; but we have no other record of its being cultivated or wild in any other part of Polynesia. Neither the natives nor the white settlers seem to care much for the tree; only a few seem to be aware that sapo- naceous properties reside in the leaves, which, in the absence of soap, may be, snd in tropical Ameriea are, turned to n: that both the leaves and the fruit act in a hitherto unexplained way upon the animal fibre, and make tough meat tender if either boiled with portions of them or even wrapped up in the leaves ; that the fruit is very good eating, either raw or boiled, and that the seeds, distinguished by a mustard-like pungency, are an efficacious vermifuge for children. I donot know whence the Vitian name “ Oleti” is de- rived. The Tongan form is *Oliji.^ The Tahitian name is “ Ninita," and the Samoan “Esi.” Papaya, whence the English corru tion “ Papaw,” is a name given in America to several plants; the Papaw-tree of the United States is Uvaria triloba, Torr. et Gray; the Papaya of Spanish America is in most cases Papaya vulgaris, DC.; the Papaya eimarron of the Isthmus of Panama is Vasconcellea cauliflora, or some closely-allied species; and the Papaya colorada of New Granada is Urera girardinioides, Seem., anno 1854

(U. laciniata, Weddell, anno 1856). The size of the fruits of the Fijian tree appeared to me to be smaller than I have seen it in other parts

of the tropics, and possibly we may have here a distinct variety.

Orpo XLIII. SAMYDEZE.

e LE Casearia, Jacq. Amer. p. 132; Endl. Gen. n. 5060. Calyx persistens, 4—6-fidus, laciniis subzequalibus. Corolla 0. Stamina 12-30, summo calycis tubo inserta, exserta; filamenta basi inter se coalita, alterna subulata antherifera, alterna squam:eformia, sterilia; anthere ovate, erectæ,

o

98 FLORA VITIENSIS.

2-loculares. Ovarium liberum, 1-loculare, plecentis parietalibus 3 v. 4, ovulis oo, oc-seriatis semi- anatropis. Stylus terminalis, indivisus v. breviter 3-fidus; stigmata 3, distincta v. coalita. Capsula: subglobosa, coriacea, carnosa, 1-locularis, 3—4-valvis, valvis medio seminiferis. Semina pauca, ovato- angulata, umbilico ventrali, rhaphe brevi, erassiuscula, intra integumentum exterius baccatum, inte- grum v. in arillum multifidum fatiscens prorepente, cum chalaza basilari excavata juncto, testa crustacea, fragili, endopleura membranacea. Embryo in apice albuminis carnosi parvus, foliaceus, orthotropus, radicula chalazw e diametro opposita.—Arbores v. frutices; foliis alternis, distichis, integerrimis v. serratis, pellucido-punetatis v. impunctatis, stipulis petiolaribus geminis; floribus in axillis foliorum umbellatis v. glomeratis, rarius solitariis v. corymbosis, albo-viridescentibus v. rarius roseis, pedicellis articulatis, basi bracteatis.—Antigona, Vell. Fl. Flum. vol. iv. t. 145. Melistaurum, Forst. Gen. t. 72.

l. C. () acuminatissima, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 80; glabra; foliis nitidis oblongo-lanceo- latis longe acuminatis basi rotundatis vix punctatis subintegerrimis ; fructu obovato-globoso 8-valvi l-spermo.— Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. C. disticha, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 81. t. 5. excl. syn. Forst., Willd. et DC.; fruticosa ; foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongis seu ovali-oblongis integerrimis v. hinc inde dentatis membranaceis crebre punctatis; floribus e gemma axillari pluribus parvis subsessilibus; filamentis fertilibus 10 glabris, sterilibus villosis; stigmate iutegerrimo.—Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl Exped.), Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 11).

A. Gray referred Forster's Melistaurum distichum to this species as a doubtful synonym; but from Forster’s authentic specimens and his drawing, existing at the British Museum, the two are widely sepa- rated. I may add a description of Forster’s plant :—

C. Melistaurum, DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 51; glabra; foliis brevipetiolatis, ovato-oblongis seu oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis crasse coriaceis impunetatis utrinque glabris et lucidis, costis nervisque supra impressis; floribus e gemma axillari oo parvis pedicellatis; floribus hermaphroditis, laciniis calycinis 5 ovatis obtusis, sestivatione quincuncialis; antheris fertilibus 10, sterilibus 10, apice pilosis, stylo brevis- . Simo; stigmate peltato.— Melistaurum distichum, Forst. Gen. t. 72; Prodr. n. 570, et Icon. (ined.) t. 301. Samyda polyandra, Willd. Sp. vol. ii. p. 626.—New Caledonia (Forster! W. Anderson! Vieillard! n. 1169).

The leaves of C. Melistawrum are large, very leathery and shining, especially on the upper side; petioles 3 inch long, blade from 5-9 inches long, and often 4-5 inches broad.

3. C. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 82. t. 5 B; foliis distichis modice petiolatis ovatis sub- acuminatis subcoriaceis vix punctatis; floribus minimis e gemma axillari fasciculatis subsessilibus ; filamentis fertilibus 10 inferne ciliatis; stigmate subtrilobo.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

“A close congener of C. disticha, from whieh it is distinguished by its much smaller and crowded — ovate and somewhat tapering leaves, of a rather coriaceous texture, very obscurely punctate, and on petioles of greater proportionate length.” A. Gray. ie

Hooker and Arnott's C. (?) impuncta, from Tahiti, must be close to this, but there are no specimens of it in Hooker's herbarium; and 1 do not find in any other collection specimens of a Tahitian Casearia. The two authors themselves were doubtful about the genus. ; *

Orvo XLIV. BALANOPHOREZE.

The position of this Order in the Natural System (represented in Polynesia by Balanophora fungosa, Forst., of the tropical islands, and Dactylanthus Taylori, Hook. fil., of New and) has given rise to much discussion, and is still unsettled. Balanophoree have been regarded as Acotyledons, Monocotyledons, and Dicotyledons, but they are now generally regarded as Exogens. J. Hooker, one of the latest writers on the subject, compares them (Linn. Soc. Trans. vol. xxii. p. 21) to Zaloraginee; but in his subsequently published ‘Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, he places them at the end of his Subclass Incomplete, near Chloranthacee end Piperacee, where Bartling (Ordines Plantarum, 1830, p. 79) had previously re- ferred them, whilst inserting Zaloragec amongst the Calyciflore. Regarding the more intimate relation-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 99

ship of Balanophoree with other Natural Orders, Bartling seems to have taken a comprehensive view of it, though the material at his command must have been scanty. He regarded Zalanophoree, Rafflesia- cee, Aristolochiee, Cytinee, and Taecee as forming a closely united class (into which he was inclined to admit even Nepenthes as a distinct Order). This class he termed Aristolochiee, and grouped it amongst his Chlamydoblasta, a division of Dicotyledons, including Piperacea, ete., now broken up. To this day none of the leading botanists have adopted Bartling’s view in its entirety; but hardly any one of them has not furnished proofs of its general correctness. Endlicher kept Balanophoree, Cytinee, and Rafflesiacee together in his Class Rhizanthee, and associated Aristolochiee with Nepenthee in his Class Serpentarie ; but he did not allow Tuccee to have any relationship with Aristolochiee. Meisner and Lindley (Veg. King- dom) adopted Endlicher's views. A.. Brongniart, again, showed a greater leaning towards Bartling's opinion, grouping together in his Class Asarinee, Balanophoree, Hafflesiacee, Cytinee, Nepenthee, and Aristolochiee, whilst retaining Tacca amongst Monocotyledons. Grisebach (Grundriss der Syst. Bot. 1854) associated <Aristolochiee with Cytinee (including Rafflesiacee), placed Balanophoree in their immediate neighbourhood, though in a different Class (nixus), referred Nepenthee to the neighbourhood of Dro- seracee and Sarracemacee, and incorporated Taccee with the Liliaceae. J. G. Agardh (Theoria) supported to a great extent Bartling’s view of the relationship of Zaccee, Aristolochiee, Cytinee, Rafflesiacee, and Balanophoree. J. Hooker and Bentham (Gen. Plantarum) have not yet dealt with this group of plants; though, as they have passed Zaloragee, and not inserted Balanophoree and their allies near them, they will probably place them at the end of the Incomplete. The relationship between Taccee and Aristo- lochiee was suggested long ago by Brown and Blume; and the objection, that Tacca has no cotyle- dons, and can therefore not be placed in Dicotyledons, is removed when we remember that Orobanche has always been admitted amongst Monopetala, although it has no cotyledons. I would therefore urge the adoption of Bartling's Class Aristolochiee to include Balanophoree, Oytinee, Rafflesiacee, Nepenthea,* and Aristolochiee proper. The chief objection formerly entertained to a closer union of Nepenthee with their superior ovary, and Aristolochiee with their inferior ovary, is in a measure removed by our knowing that the Ceratasarum section of Asarum (Heterotropa, A. Gray) has a semi-inferior, almost superior ovary.

Granting that the Orders just mentioned are natural allies, the question arrives near what other Orders should they be placed in the system. Duchartre, who lately worked up the Aristolochiee for De Candolle’s ‘ Prodromus, is silent on this point. Klotzsch, in his paper on “ Aristolochiee”’ (Proceedings of the Berlin Academy, 1859) assigns to the Aristolochiea, Nepenthee, Oytinee, and the genuine Raflesia- cee a place near Cucurbitacez (Taccee he does not take into consideration), and from that opinion I am not inclined to dissent.

1. Balanophora, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 50; Hook. fil. in Linn. Trans. vol. xxii. p. 30. Fl. d: Perianthium 3-6-phyllum. Stamina connata; anthere extrorse. Fl. 9: Perianthium O. Stylus l. Pistilla bracteolis clavatis intermixta v. pedicellis bractearum inserta.—Rhizoma tuberosum v. ramosum; pedunculis nudis v. squamosis, capitulis 1- v. 2-sexualibus; floribus 1-sexualibus.—Cy- nopsole, Endl. Gen. n. 718. Cynomorium, Willd. Spec. vol. v. p. 177. Acroblastum, Sol. Prim. Fl.

Ins. Pacif. p. 310 (ined.).

1. B. fungosa, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 50; Prodr. n. 333; Icon. (ined.) t. 253; Rich. Élém. de Bot. (1833), t. 15; Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 46. t. 8; flavo-albida; rhizomate tube- roso lobato granulato; pedunculi squamis alternis v. imbricatis; capitulis bisexualibus ovoideis sub- globosisve; antheris 3-6 bilocularibus.—Cynomorium australe, Willd. Spec. Plant. vol. v. p. 177. Acroblastum pallens, Sol. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 310, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 91 (ined.).—Moala, up a small brook (Milne). Also found in Tana, New Hebrides (W. Anderson! in Mus. Brit.), in the Society Islands (according to Solander's notes and Parkinson's drawing), and the - east coast of New Holland (M‘Gillivray!). — . i

Milne, in Captain Denham's Expedition, gathered a Balanophora on Moala (see Hooker's Kew Misc.

vol. vii. p. 152), whieh, however, does not seem to have reached the Kew Museum, where most of Milne's

specimens were sent; and I myself did not see Balanophora fungosa in Fiji, but at the proper season the plant, a pale-yellow parasite, is doubtless not rare, growing as it does on the widely-diffused Hibiscus tilia-

* The only representative of this singular Order in Polynesia is Nepenthes Bongso, Korth., found by M*Gillivray in swampy spots near running streams in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia, and by Strange in New Caledonia itself, according to specimens preserved at the British Museum. I believe these loca. lities are the most southern as yet recorded of any Nepenthes. |

: o2

100 FLORA VITIENSIS.

ceus, and having an extensive geographical range, from the Society Islands to Viti, New Hebrides, and the east coast of New Holland. As several points connected with the structure of the plant are still obscure, I subjoin Solander’s description, made from fresh specimens :—

* ACROBLASTUM (AxpóflAacros, germina in summitate habens). Fl. foeminei superiores totum spa- dicem tegentes. Cal. (spathe (potius folia) vage, concave, foliaceæ, in caule infra flores masculos.) Spadix ovatus, simplicissimus, undique tectus fructificationibus feemineis numerosissimis. Perianthium nullum. Cor. nulla. Pist. germen oblongum, utrinque attenuatum, parvum. Stylo capillari, longitudine germinis. Stigma simplex. Fl. masculi infra spadicem in superiore parte caulis sparsi. Cal. nullus, nisi folia sunt spathacea. Cor. petala quatuor, ovata, obtusissima, cruciata, duo opposita minora. Stam. filamenta nulla, eorum antherarumque loco columna subtetragona, superne convexa ibique excavata foveis circiter duo- decim polliniferis.

* ACROBLASTUM pallens. * Ea-owa, Zahitensibus. Hab. in Tahiti parasitica. 2. Planta parasitica radicum, quoad omnes partes e flavo-albida. Radix bulboso-tuberosa, magnitudine nucis Juglandis, albida, extus scabriuscula, tandem pro scapo vel caule superne aperiens, evadensque cyathiformis seu suburceo- lata, margine inequali, e eujus centro caulis unicus subspithamseus vel sepius brevior, crassitie penne olorine vel interdum digiti minimi, erectus, simplex, teres, vestitus; foliis sessilibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, concavis, glabris, crassiusculis, sesquiuncialibus, quinque vel sex in singulo caule, basi vaginantibus. Fructificatio terminalis. Cal. spatha nulla; folia enim illius loco serviunt. Spadix simplex, oblongo- ovata, caule duplo crassior, magnitudine et crassitie articuli ultimi pollicis, obtusus, densissime tectus flos- culis numerosissimis femineis ; infra spadicem in superna parte caulis flores masculi sparsi, remotiusculi, distincti. Masculi flores infra fæmineos. Perianthium nullum. Cor. petala quatuor, ovata, obtusissima, subtruncata, cruciata, ante explicationem arcte conniventia et fornicata, dein patentia, planiuscula, extus glabra, levia, intus striata, farinacea; duo opposita paulo minora, vix lineam longa. Stam. filamenta nulla, sed earum loco columna e receptaculo parum elevata, crassa, subtetragona, superne convexa, ibique excavata foveis circiter 12 vel 15 polline repletis; ideoque antherz proprie nulle. Pollen dispergitur aperiente corolla. Pistillum nullum. Flores feminei totum spadicem tegentes. Cal. proprius nullus. Corolla nulla. Pist. germen oblongum, utrinque attenuatum, parvum, terminatum stylo capillari longitudine germinis semilineari. Stigma simplex.

** Obs.— Inter floseulos foemineos immixta sunt corpuscula brevissime pedicellata, obovata, germinibus duplo majora, obtusa, glabra, microscopio inspecta reticulata, superficiem totius spadicis tegentia, germi- nibus enim sunt altiora, intus viscida, unde nee anthere ob defectum pollinis, forte semina maturescentia. Etsi semina matura nobis non visa, distinctum judicavi. Genus ob columnam polliniferam, defectum spathe propriz, etc." (Soland. Primitie Flore Insularum Oceani Pacifici MS., pp. 310, 311.)

Ordo XLV. TACCACEZE.

This Order was thought to be confined to the eastern hemisphere until Parker found a species (Tacca Parkeri, Seem.) with simple leaves in British Guiana. The different species have as yet not been worked out properly. All those with bipinnatifid leaves are generally regarded as belonging to T. pinnatifida. But that is an erroneous view. The type of T. pinnatifida of Forster, judging from his specimens and his figure, is the broad-leaved species, which Rumphius terms T. litorea, from its being always found on or near the sea-beach. Forster gathered it in the Society Islands. lt has probably an extensive geogra- phical range, but that has not yet been accurately traced out. Allied to it, but quite distinct, is Z. invo- lucrata, Schum. et Thonn. (T. Guineensis, Don), from tropical Africa, and a species which occurs in the Sandwich Islands (Macrae!) is probably 7. Oceanica, Nutt., in ‘American Journal of Pharmacy,’ vol. ix. p. 806.* I say probably, because this periodical is not in the Library of the British Museum, and the copy of it existing at the Pharmaceutical Society of London wants the ninth and several other volumes. Next to this Sandwich Island species, ranges my T. maculata, a very distinct-looking plant, whilst Z. pin- natifida, Brown, Prodr., from the north coast of New Holland, constitutes an additional very distinct species (7. Brownii, Seem.). Of all the bipinnatifid Taccas 7. Brownii has the smallest leaf-segments ; they are ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, and minutely dentated ; the involucral leaves are narrow, and the

* The Pia of the Sandwich Islands grows spontaneously in sunny places, and is also cultivated to a considerable extent; it is about 2 feet high, and every part of it is extremely bitter. The fecula obtained from its tubers is equal to the best West Indian arrowroot, and is much used by the inhabitants for culinary purposes, starching linen, and various other uses. It sells in Honolulu at about five cents a pound; and according to official returns, 13,683 pounds of it were exported in 1845, 10,000 in 1846; in the three following years the quantity sent abroa _was less, but in 1850 it had again increased.— Seemann, * Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 85.

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 101

flowers very small. 7. artocarpifolia, Seem., from the islands of Eastern Africa, is different from any other species known to me.*

The general Polynesian name for the different Taccas is Pia (i.e. semen hominis), the Vitian form of which is “ Yabia." Pereira (Mat. Medica) seemed to think that * Chailea tacca,” which he quoted from Ellis (‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p. 361), was a native Tahitian name, whilst it is merely Solander's scientific name mis-spelt. The arrowroot of Fiji is not, as erroneously stated by Wilkes and others, produced by Maranta arundinacea, Linn., but by two species of Tacca, the foliage of which springs up in great abundance in the beginning of the warm season, and their tubers ripen about June, when leaves and flowers die off. The most common is that kind termed on the Macuata coast Yabia dina (genuine arrowroot), the Tacca pinna- tifida, Forst. It delights in light sandy soil, and is therefore most frequently encountered on the seashore ; whilst the second species (T. maculata, Seem.), known in Macuata as “ Yabia sa," is almost entirely confined to the sides of hills and heavy soils. The natives prefer the first-mentioned species for the purpose of makin arrowroot, though they own that there is no difference in the quality of the farinaceous substance prepare from either. In most parts of Fiji there are no distinctive names for the two kinds, both being called “ Yabia;" yet the natives are perfectly well acquainted with their various characters and peculiarities of habitat. The leaf, stalks, and scape of the Yabia sa are prominently speckled, and the segments of the leaves are long and narrow, by which it is at once distinguished from its ally. The tubers, when quite ripe, are dug out of the ground and rasped on the mushroom coral (Fungia sp.). The fleshy mass thus produced is washed in fresh water, to allow the starch to settle at the bottom of the vessel in which the operation is carried on ; by pouring off the dirty water, and repeated washings, the starchy sediment may be made to assume any desired degree of whiteness. Since Fijian arrowroot has become an article of foreign demand, it has been pointed out to the natives that the impurities imparting a greyish colour to the production, caused partly by not peeling the tubers previous to rasping them, partly by not washing the sediment a sufficient number of times, must be removed in order to raise the marketable value of the article. When a satisfactory degree of whiteness has been attained, the starch is dried in the sun. For their own consumption the Fijians do not dry their arrowroot, but tie it up in bundles of leaves and bury it in the ground, when it speedily fer- ments, and emits a rather disagreeable odour. South Sea arrowroot fetches from threepence-halfpenny to fourpence per pound in London; and as it is invaluable when taken in cases of dysentery and diarrhaa,— the bane of the South Seas,—it is necessary to have it genuine. The Tonguese have of late years been known to adulterate it to a great extent with lime in order to increase its weight and volume, but this fraud may readily be detected by watching the arrowroot when it first comes in contact with water; if adulterated . with lime, it will fizz. Care should also be taken to guard against the starch of the Cassava or Tapioca plant being passed off for Polynesian arrowroot, which, from its slightly purgative tendency and poisonous properties, is ill-adapted for bowel complaints. It is much whiter than the arrowroot made of Tacca, sticks to the hands like flour, and when a little water is allowed to act upon it, it assumes a pinkish colour ; whilst . the arrowroot made of Zucca has a granulated feel, does not adhere to the hand like flour, and is not changed in colour by contact with water. From the leaf- and flower-stalks the Tahitians made a superior kind of plat, of which George Pritehard (Missionary Reward, p. 179) says:—*'"It is beautifully white, smooth, and bright, not much unlike narrow satin ribbon, and so remarkably light as to make it peculiarly suitable for the summer season. As a proof of its excellent quality, a house in Scotland has engaged to take all that the Polynesians will manufacture." I have been told that Queen Victoria had a bonnet made of this plat.

I. Tacca, Rumpb. Amb. vol. v. p. 328. t. 114, 115, excl. sp. Forst. Gen. n. 35 (Ataccia, Presl, | in Reliq. Henk. vol. i. p. 149). — Perigonii corollini tubus cum ovario connatus; limbus superus, 6-partitus, subzequalis, persistens. Stamina 6, basi laciniarum limbi inserta; filamenta petaloidea, lata, apice cucullata v. concava; anther introrsm, 2-loculares, loculis discretis parallelis, cucullo v. eoncavitate intus adnatis, apicibus solutis deorsum spectantes. Ovarium eum perigonii tubo connatum, l-loculare, placentis parietalibus simplicibus (P) v. 2-lobis, axim fere attingentibus, sub- triloculare. Ovula co, horizontalia. Stylus brevis, crassus, 3-sulcus, stigmatibus 3 dilatatis emar- ginato-2-lobis. Bacca l- v. spurie 3-locularis, co-sperma. Semina ovata v. lunata, testa cori- acea, striata. Embryo minimus, in basi albuminis carnosi, umbilico proximus.—Herbee acaules,

* Tacca artocarpifolia (sp. nev.), Seem.; foliis 3-partitis, ramis pinnatifidis, laciniis lineari-oblongis longe acuminatis integerrimis; involucro 6-7-phyllo, phyllis lanceolatis acuminatissim1s SoPa reger- rimis v. exteriore 3-fido.— Madagascar and other islands of Eastern Africa (Lyall! Blackbourn! in Herb. Hook.).—A very distinct species; the primary divisions of the leaves look exactly like some of the common forms of the Breadfruit-tree (Artocarpus incisa, L.). .

102 FLORA VITIENSIS.

glabree, radice tuberosa subglobosa v. conica; foliis omnibus radicalibus petiolatis palmatis, palmato- bi-tripinnatifidis v. indivisis, venosis, scapo radicali indiviso, umbella terminali simplici, involucro 2—4—oc-phyllo; floribus longe pedicellatis; pedicellis sterilibus (bracteis auct.) filiformibus intermixtis. —Chaitea, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 246.*

The genus was confounded with Amorphophallus, not only by Rumphius, but also by Solander and Forster.

l. T. pinnatifida, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 59, exclud. syn. Rumph. et nom. vernac. ** e-Vé; tota planta viridis; petiolo suleato; foliis 3-partitis, ramis pinnatifidis v. bipinnatifidis, segmentis ovato-oblongis acuminatis rugosis, ultimis 3-fidis, involucro co-phyllo, phyllis spathulato-rhombeis v. ovatis acuminatis, exterioribus pinnatifidis v. 3-fidis; floribus 4—8, pedicellis sterilibus filiformibus co. — Forst. Prodr. n. 209. Icon. (ined.) t. 151, et Herb. Propr.— T. litorea, Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. v. p.328. t. 114. Chaitea Tacca, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 246, excl. syn. Rumph. et Rheede, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 40 (ined.). Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, *Yabia" v. * Yabia dina;" Tahitense et Samoénse, “‘ Pia."— Common on the seashore, in light sandy soil, throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 633, 908; Barclay!). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay!), Tongan (Herb. Hook.), and Samoan Islands (Sir E. Home!), and Straits of Sunda (Staunton !).

G. Forster quotes Rumphius’s Tacca sativa (which is identical with Amorphophallus campanulatus, Blume) aud T. sylvatica (which has not yet been identified) as synonyms of his T. pinnatifida ; and Solander also refers erroneously Rheede's and Rumphius’s plates to his species. It may be useful to add here Solander's description of this species :—

“Cuaitma (Xaurys, comatus, frondosus, Ic.). Cal. perianthium ovatum hexaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, apice conniventibus, tribus exterioribus angustioribus. Cor. petala sex, calyce minora, pileiformi cucullata, emarginata: unguibus calycis fundo adnatis. Stam. filamenta nulla. Anthere sex, oblongz, cucullo intus adnate, apice deorsum spectantes. Pist. germen inferum, turbinatum, triquetrum. Stylus brevis, erectus. Stigma orbieulatum, stellatum, radiis obtusiuseulis, supra convexis. Per. bacca? ovato-globosa, calyci marcescenti coronata, sex-carinata, unilocularis. Sem. numerosa, ovalia, compressa, sulcata, involuta sub- stantia fungosa singulo semini propria distincta, polyedra.

““Cuatma Tacca, Sol. ms. p. 247. Tacca litorea, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 828. t. 114. ‘Pia, Tn- colarum Oceani Pacifici. Hab. in Tahiti, Huahine, Raiatea, Tahaa, in collibus et locis montosis. Radix tuberosa, subrotunda: substantia alba. Folia petiolata, ad basin usque sinuato-tripartita, glabra, rugosa, late viridia, pedalia et sesquipedalia. Zobi laterales bipartiti, inzequaliter bipinnatifidi seu lobato-sinuati: lobulis ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, integris, bi- et triuncialibus: sinubus latissimis. Lobus intermedius eodem modo lobato-sinuatis, non vero bipartitus. -Petioli omnes radicales, pedales et bipedales, teretes, mutici, glabri, obsolete striati, herbacei, fistulosi, prope radicem nodo oblongo tumido instructi, pallide virides. Seapus herbaceus, fistulosus, bipedalis vel brevior, erectus, strictus, glaber, muticus, inferne levis, erassitie digiti minimi, superne angustiores, striati. Umbella simplex, multiflora, comosa, involucro folioso et bracteis numerosis crinita. —Zavolucrum polyphyllum. Foliola 6-10, per paria opposita, ovata, acu- minata, glabra, interdum extus incisa; externa e connata, interiora basi in ungues breves attenuata (2-3 unc. longa, 1i lata). Bractee numerosissime, filiformes, receptaculo inter pedunculos inserta, illisque quadruplo longiores; sspe 9- vel 10-unciales, penna passerina graciliores, undique divaricatz, a basi ad medium virides, extus purpurascentes. Pedunculi numerosi (10-40), bracteis tamen pauciores, teretes, filiformes, glabri, crassitie penne passerinsz, inter bracteas et involucra reflexi (unde flores pen- duli) uniflori, unciales et sesquiunciales. Calyx hexaphyllus, ovatus, persistens, circiter semiuncialis. -Foliola erecta, apice conniventia, obsolete immarginata; tria interiora ovata, tria exteriora angustiora sed paulo longiora; marginibus purpurascentibus. Petala sex, calycis fundo inserta illoque multo minora: lamine albæ, pileiformi-cucullate, intus profunde emarginate; sinubus denticulo parvo bifido instructis.

* Tacea Parkeri (sp. nov.), Seem. ; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum angustatis integerri-

mis; involucro 4-phyllo, phyllis valde disparibus et heteromorphis 2 majoribus spathulato-ovatis acumi- natis, 2 minoribus sessilibus ovato-acuminatis; stigmata 3, biloba; capsula 1-locularis, loculis oo-spermis ;

seminibus angulatis striatis.— British Guiana (Parker! Al n. 251). The larger involucral leaves

twice or thrice the length of the two smaller ones. Possibly the specimens distributed by Dr. Spruce

under x 3762, and provisionally named T. lanceolata by Bentham, may be merely young plants of my

T. Parkeri. |

FLORA VITIENSIS. 103

Ungues lati, purpurei, calycis fundo adnati marginibus liberis, solutis inflexis. Filamenta nulla. Anthere sex, oblongz, flave cucullo corollæ intus prope sinum adnate, ita ut apex deorsum spectet. Germen infe- rum, turbinatum, triquetrum ; supra receptaculum parum extumescens, ibique alte tricarinatum. Stylus filiformis, crassiusculus, erectus, strictus, brevis (1 lin. longus), albus. Stigma orbiculato-explanatum, magnum (diametro 13 lin.), stellatum, radiis obtusiusculis, ex albo pellucidis, supra convexis, subtus con- cavis, per paria connatis, etsi omnes distincti videantur. Bacca? ovato-globosa, magnitudine nucis ju- glandis, glabra, ealyce marcescente persistente coronata, sex-angulata, seu potius sex-carinata, carinis acutiusculis, unilocularis (forte bivalvis P). „Semina numerosa, ovata, compressa, obtusa, profunde striata, vix duas lineas longs: substantia alba, fungosa, singulum semen arcte adheret precipue ad apices, hee late- ribus planis inzqualibus gaudet ut semina primo intuitu polyhedra apparent.’ Ob substantiam semina adhsrentem, fructum baccatum judicamus, nec suturas ullas observare potuimus. Radices hujus suppedi- tant incolis escam illis gratissimam: illam eodem modo in farinam preparant, ac Ambonienses Zaccam suam setivam, eonf. Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 325, scilicet Radices primum raspate, dein in aqua ter vel quater mutanda macerantur, quo acredine liberantur et in farinam redigantur.” —Sol, Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif.

_ 9. T. maculata, (sp. nov.) Seem.; petiolis scapisque sordide maculatis; foliis 3-partitis, ramis dichotomo-multifidis, segmentis longe linearibus apice subulatis integerrimis levibus; involucro cc-phyllo, phyllis ovato-lanceolatis v. lanceolatis integerrimis v. rarius 2-fidis.— 7. pinnatifida var. sylvesiris, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 59? Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, * Yabia" v.“ Yabia sa."—On hill-sides in heavy soil, Moturiki and other islands (Seemann! n. 632, 909), north coast of New Holland (F. Mueller !).

. If my conjecture be correct, that Forster's pinnatifida var. sylvestris is identical with this species, my T. maculata is also found in Tahiti, though I have not seen specimens of it from there; and as Forster quotes the Tahitian name of Amorphophallus campanulatus (e- Vé) for his T. pinnatifida var. sylvestris, and as that Arotdea has also speckled petioles, I am not very sanguine about it. Dr. F. Mueller collected it, together with T. Brownii, Seem., on the north coast of New Holland, and distributed both under the name T. pinnatifida var. aconitifolia. Leaves one or two on petioles, which are 23-3 feet long, speckled with dirty-white spots, and not grooved as those of T. pinnatifida are, but smooth. Blade primarily divided into three branches; these branches repeatedly dichotomously split into narrow linear and quite entire segments, tapering into a subulate apex. Scape longer than the petiole, but shorter than the entire leaf. Involucral leaves oo, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire or occasionally 2-fid. Pedicels shorter than the involucral leaves. Bracts (sterile pedicels) very long, thread-like. Calyx 6-partite, the segments in one whorl, though in æstivation the points of three are overlapping the others. Ovary spuriously 3-celled, ovules many. Ripe

fruit not seen.

Oxvo XLVI. CUCURBITACEZE.

The Cucurbitacee of tropical Polynesia are involved in considerable confusion, owing to Forster having admitted into his ‘ Prodromus’ several species named by Solander, but of which no description has been published. The authentie specimens and manuscript descriptions of Solander, together with Sidney Par- kinson’s drawings, all preserved at the British Museum, have enabled me to clear up the synonymy of these plants. To set this matter finally at rest, I thought it advisable to enumerate, in the ‘ Journal of guid 1864, p. 47, all the Cucurbitacee hitherto found in the region alluded to, including the species gener ly cultivated, and amounting to eighteen species, distributed over the genera Melothria, Zehneria, Karivia, Citrullus, Momordica, Luffa, Lagenaria, Cucumis, Cucurbita, and Sycios.

I. Karivia, Arn. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. iii. p. 275; Endl. Gen. Suppl. ii. p77. Flores monoici v. dioici. Calyx urceolato-campanulatus. Corolla vix exserta, lobis 5 minutis. Filamenta 3-adelpha, perigonii basi inserta; anthers 2-loculares. Stylus indivisus, basi glandula 5- loba lacerata cinctus; stigma magnum, pileiforme, 3-fidum. Fructus obtusus v. crasse et breviter rostratus, subpeponideus.— Herb:e, radice tuberosa, perennantes, glabre; cirrhis simplicibus; foliis cordatis 3—5-lobatis; floribus masculis racemosis, foemineis solitariis v. ternis.

. 1. K. Samoensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 643; dioica; foliis cordatis acuminatis denticulatis modice petiolatis; floribus masculis racemosis, pedicellis subverticellatis ; foemineis solitariis ternisve, pedunculo bacca ovoidea co-sperma breviore; seminibus levibus compressis.—Cucumis Maderaspa- tanus ?, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 337 (ined.) ; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 111 (ined.).

104. FLORA VITIENSIS.

—Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Society Islands (Banks and Solander! in Brit. Mus.). Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Pritchard, **'Tavivi^ (i.e. twiner), teste Solander, ** Tahwihwi," vel “«Tawhiwhi;” Raiatense, teste Solander, * Hoohove,” vel * Huhue.”

I take A. Gray's Karivia Samoensis, var. B, from Viti, to be the same plant which Banks and Solander gathered in the Society Islands, which Solander, in his unpublished Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif., describes as Cucumis Maderaspatanus ?, and for which he quotes Parkinson's Drawings, t. 111, with his own manuscript name attached. Solander describes the female flowers as growing in the same axils as the male, and on isolated, thin, and 1-florous peduncles. The fruit he has not seen, nor do his specimens exhibit any trace of either female flowers or fruit. The male flowers are racemose, the pedicels being arranged in whorls, which, when the racemes are just beginning to blossom, gives them the appearance of small umbels or corymbs, as stated by A. Gray. The racemes are either simple or furcate, 4—5 inches long; the corolla cream-coloured. The upper surface of the leaves is generally covered with minute white dots, which are noticed by A. Gray, but not indicated by the accurate Parkinson, probably they are not so prominent in fresh specimens; even in some of the leaves before me they are scarcely perceptible. Solander says of them, * Glandulis minutis distinctis, in siccis parum incrustatis." When the female flowers and fruit are better known, it will pro- bably turn out that the species now under consideration is not a true Karivia. Bryonia? (sp. nov.?), No. 290 of Guillemin's list, Tahiti (Bert. et Morenh.), and Bryonia Johnstoni, Cuzent, O'Taiti, p. 232 (name only), are doubtless identical with this plant.

Var. B. Vitiensis; folis supra scabridis; pedunculis fructiferis brevissimis. A. Gray, l. c.— Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 192).

II. Citrullus, Neck. Elem. n. 389; Endl. Gen. n. 5131. Flores monoici. Masc.: Calyx pro- funde 5-fidus, planiusculus, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus. Corolla imo calyci adnatim inserta, 5-partita, plana, subrotundata. Stamina 5, ime coroll: inserta, 3-adelpha ; filamenta brevia, antherz 1-loculares, loculo lineari, secus connectivi inciso-3-lobi marginem dorsalem gyrose adnato. Fom.: Calyx tubo globoso, cum ovario connato, limbo supero, profunde 5-fido. Corolla maris. Stamina sterilia rudi- mentaria. Ovarium inferum, 3-6-loculare, placentis juxta septa utrinque parietalibus, oc-ovulatis. Stylus cylindraceus, 3-fidus; stigmata convexa, reniformi-cordata. Bacca globosa, carne solida, oœ- sperma. Semina obovata v. oblongo-obovata, compressa, basi truncata, margine obtusa. ` Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones foliacez, plano-convexz, radicula brevissima centrifuga.—Herbz annus, humifuse; foliis alternis cordatis lobatis, lobis integris pinnatisectisve, cirrhis 2-3-fidis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis 1-floris.—Colocynthis, Tourn. Inst. 107. Rigocarpus, Neck. Elem. n. 386.

l. C. vulgaris, Schrad. in Eckl. et Zeyh. En. 279; valde pilosus; foliis obtuse pinnatisectis subglaucescentibus; floribus 1-bracteatis, bractea oblonga; bacca subglobosa glabra stellato-maculata. — Cucurbita Citrullus, Linn. Spec. 1435. Cucumis Citrullus, Ser. in DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 301.— Cultivated and almost naturalized in Viti (Seemann !). : :

. The Water-Melon is also cultivated in the Hawaiian (Seemann!) and Society Islands (Cuzent), but in all these groups it is known to have been introduced by Europeans. The fruit is eaten.

III. Momordica, Linn. Gen. n. 1477, excl. sp. ; Endl. Gen. n. 5133. Flores monoici. Masc. : Calyx brevissime campanulatus, 5-partitus, patens. Corolla calyci inserta, 5-partita, laciniis paten- tibus obtusis subundulatis. Stamina 5, imo calyci inserta, 3-adelpha; filamenta brevia, crassa; an- therz conniventes, 1-loculares, loculo lineari, connectivi crassi undulati margini extus adnato. Foem.: Calyx tubo obovato v. subcylindrico, cum ovario connato, limbo supero 5-partito patulo. Corolla maris annulo epigyno inserta. Stamina 3 rudimentaria, styli basim cingentia, Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare, placentis juxta septa hinc parietalibus oc-ovulatis. Stylus cylindricus, 3-fidus v. 3-partitus. Bacca pulposa muricata v. tuberculata, maturitate elastice irregulariter rupta, co-sperma. Semina compressa, marginata, integumento baccato . colorato, ʻexsiccatione rugoso. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones foliaceæ, plano-convexæ, radicula brevissima centrifuga.—Herbe glabriuscule v. hirtæ;

FLORA VITIENSIS 105

foliis alternis cordatis palmato-3—7-lobis; cirrhis simplicibus elongatis; pedunculis axillaribus filifor- mibus 1-floris medio v. supra basim bractea foliacea instructis.— Elaterium, 'Tournef. Amordica et Poppya, Neck. Elem. n. 391, 392. ' Muricia, Lour. Coch. 733.

l. M. Charantia, Linn. Spec. 1433; foliis 7-lobo-palmatis dentatis subhirsutis; cirrhis pubes- centibus; bractea cordata integerrima infra medium pedicelli; baccis oblongis acuminatis angulatis tuberculatis (coccineis v. rubris) ; pulpa (lutea) molli; seminibus oblongis tuberculatis ; arillo rubro- .sanguineo.— Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2455. Rheede, Mal. vol. viii. p. 71. t. 9.— Viti, probably Vanua Levu (Williams!). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! U. S. Expl. Exped.). Common in the East Indies.

A. Gray, not knowing this plant was amongst the older collections, supposed it to be a recent intro- duction to Tahiti. “In Venezuela," says Mr. A. Ernst, “the ripe fruit, bruised and mixed with olive oil, is put on wounds or contusions. Children are very fond of eating the red pulp. It is, however, insipid, and thought to produce diarrhoea."

IV. Luffa, Tournef. Act. R. S. 107; Endl. Gen. n. 5134. Flores monoici v. dioici. Masc.: Calyx campanulatus, 5-dentatus. Corolla calyci inserta, profunde 5-partita, patens. Stamina 5, imo calyci inserta distincta v. 1-3-adelpha ; filamenta brevia; anthers 1-loculares, loculo lineari, connectivi crassi margini sinuato extus adnato. Foem.: Calyx tubo clavato, cum ovario connato, limbo supero 5-fido. Petala 5, annulo epigyno inserta, basi vix coalita. Stamina abortiva. Ovarium inferum, 3- loculare, placentis juxta septa hinc parietalibus oo-ovulatis. Stylus 3-fidus ; stigmata crassa, reniformi- 2-loba v. 2-partita. Bacca obovata v. oblonga, demum exsucca, intus pilosa, indehiscens v. disco epigyno deciduo apice operculo aperta, oc-sperma. Semina compressa, reticulata v. serobiculata.— Herb: scandentes ; foliis alternis petiolatis lobatis dentatis scabris; cirrhis simplicibus; floribus mas- culis racemosis, foemineis solitariis.— Tyrevouzia, Scop. Introd. 575.

l. L. insularum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 644; caule sulcato glabro; foliis rotundatis 5-lo- batis v. 5-angulatis sinu profundo cordatis margine denticulatis v. repando-dentatis ; racemis masculis elongatis; staminibus discretis; calycis lobis fl. fem. subtus glanduliferis; bacca oblonga levi haud sulcato bipollicari.— Cucurbita multiflora, Sol. ms. in Forst. Prodr. n. 556, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 108 (ined.); Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 335 (ined.); Sprengel, Syst. vol. v. p. 45; DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 818. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, “‘Huerharho,” teste Solander, * Hua- roro," teste Cuzent.—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 193). Also found in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster! in Mus. Brit.), Tongan Islands (Barclay! n. 3405, in Mus. Brit.).

A Cucurbitacea, mentioned by Collie under the native name of * Arroro," and thought by Hooker and Arnott to be Cucurbita Aurantia, is probably this species, the name being simply incorrectly spelt, whilst the statement that the fruit was employed for holding scented cocoa-nut oil is correct, though throughout Polynesia the Bottle-gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) has, from time immemorial, been more commonly used for that purpose. .

V. Lagenaria, Ser. in Mem. Soc. H. N. Genev. vol. iii. p. 29. t.2; DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 299; Endl, Gen. n. 5136. Flores monoici. Masc.: Calyx tubo campanulato, limbo brevi 5-partito. Petala 5, summo calycis tubo inserta, ovata, acuta, patentia. Stamina 5, imo calyci inserta, 3-adelpha ; filamenta brevia, conniventia; antheree 1-loculares, loculo lineari, connectivi crassi, anfractuoso- sinuati, papillosi margini dorsali adnato. Foem.: Calyx tubo cylindrico v. ventricoso, superne atte- nuato, eum ovario connato, limbo supero brevi 5-partito. Corolla maris. Ovarium inferum, 3-locu- lare, placentis juxta septa parietalibus oc-ovulatis. Stylus subnullus; stigmata 3, crassa, 2-loba, granulosa. Bacca carnosa, maturitate lignescens, oo-sperma. Semina obovato-oblonga, compressa, margine tumido, apice truncato-2-lobo cincta. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones foliacez, radi- cula brevissima centrifuga.— Herba annua, molliter pubescens, moschata; foliis alternis petiolatis

à ?

106 FLORA VITIENSIS.

-cordatis subintegris v. lobatis, basi biglandulosis; cirrhis 3—4-fidis; pedunculis axillaribus 1-floris fasciculatis albis.

l. L. vulgaris, Ser. in DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 299.— Cucurbita Lagenaria, Linn. Spec. 1434; Forst. Prodr. n. 862. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, “ Hue," teste Pritchard; Vitiense, ** Vago,” teste Seemann.—Cultivated and naturalized in Viti (Seemann! n. 495), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.), Java (Horsfield! in Mus. Brit.), Easter Island (Forster !), Sandwich Islands (Seemann !).

The Bottle-gourd is one of the Oucurbitacee, found cultivated in the different Polynesian Islands when

they were discovered by Europeans. In Viti it is extensively used for making bottles for holding oil and other fluids.

VI. Cucumis, Linn. Gen. n. 1479; Endl. Gen. n. 5137. Flores monoici v. polygami. Maso.: Calyx campanulatus, 5-dentatus. Petala 5, calyci inserta, ovata, acuta, patentia. Stamina 5, calyci inserta, 3-adelpha; filamenta conniventia; antherz lineares; loculi lineares; connectivi crassiusculi, recti, dorso infra apicem integrum v. bipartitum anfractu simplici adnati. Foem.: Calyx tubo sub- globoso v. cylindrico, cum ovario connato, limbo supero 5-dentato. Corolla maris. Ovarium infe- rum, 3-loculare, placentis juxta septa utrinque parietalibus, oc-ovulatis. Stylus brevis; stigmata 3, crassa, 2-partita. Bacca carnosa sulcata verrucosa v. levis, indehiscens v. irregulariter rupta, oc: sperma. Semina ovata, compressa, margini acuta. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones foliaceze, radicula brevissima centrifuga.—Herbe annuz, humifuse, cirrhiferze ; foliis alternis petiolatis, integris v. lobatis ; pedunculis axillaribus 1-floris, masculis szepissime aggregatis, foemineis solitariis.— Melo, Tournef. Inst. 104. excl. sp.

]. C. Melo, Linn. Spec. 1436; caule scabro; foliis rotundatis angulosis; floribus masculis, tubo calycis basi subventricoso apice dilatato, staminibus inclusis, antheris connectivo brevioribus; floribus hermaphroditis, antheris ut in masculis; stigmatibus 3-4 breve 2-lobis; bacca ovata v. subglobosa 8-12-sulcata, carne saccharata flava v. alba.—** Melon” of the English colonists. Culti- vated in Viti (Seemann!). Also grown in the Sandwich (Seemann!) and Society Islands (Cuzent), but in all these islands known to be introduced by Europeans.

2. C. sativus, Linn. Spec. 1437 ; caule scabro; foliis cordatis obscure 5-lobis, lobo terminali ; floribus breve pedunculatis subternis majusculis, florum mascul. tubo calycis tubuloso-campanulato, limbo patente deflexo, petalis acutiusculis; baccis oblongis subtriquetris per maturitatem sublevibus seepe nitidis, carpellis intus distinctis separabilibus.—** Cucumber” of the English colonists. Culti- vated in Viti (Seemann!) ; also in the Sandwich (Seemann!) and Society Islands (Lay and Collie! Cuzent), but in all these groups introduced by Europeans.

: 3. C. acidus, Jacq. Obs. Bot. pars iv. p. 14 (1764); foliis cordatis subangulatis acutiusculis argute dentatis seabris; baccis subglobosis, ovatis v. ellipticis obtusis pubescentibus v. glabratis viri- dibus striis obscurioribus angustis longitudinalibus pictis, adultis albis absque ullis striis.— Cucumis pubescens, Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 614 (1805); DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 301; Wight, Icon. t. 496. Cucumis Maderaspatanus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 723, non alior. Cucurbita aspera, Sol. ms. in Forst. Prodr. n. 555 (1786), et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 110; Sol. Prim. FI. Ins. Pacif. p. 336. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, “ E-atu” vel * Ea-ea," teste Solander; Vitiense, *'Timo."—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 194). Also gathered in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.), Java (Horsfield! in Mus. Brit.), East Indies (Roxburgh! in Mus. Brit.), Ceylon (Thwaites ! in Mus. Brit.), Cape de Verd Islands (fide A. Gray), Kuka, Central Africa (Eduard Vogel! n. 59, in Mus. Brit.).

.. An authentic specimen of Cucumis acidus in the British Museum, with Jacquin’s manuscript note :—

* Nova certe species, nata in Horto Bot. Vind. anno 1762 e seminibus Indicis sine nomine a Gronovio acceptis. Fructus interne uti Cucumis, sed acidissimus, figura obovata glabra,” has enabled me to identify

FLORA VITIENSIS. 107

C. acidus and C. pubescens, and to vindicate the priority of the former name, a name evidently overlooked by all writers on Oucurbitacee. A. Gray has attempted to establish two varieties of this species, distin- guished by the shape and the glabrous or pubescent state of the surface of the fruit, but the characters assigned do not seem to hold good. Parkinson's figure of the fruit exactly corresponds with the shape assigned to it by Jacquin, but it is pubescent. In Wight’s plate one of the fruits is ovate, the other almost elliptical, The tendrils are always simple. Forster’s Cucumis bicirrha, which A. Gray hesitatingly refers to this plant, is identical with Cucurbita pruriens, Sol., as far as can be made out from description.

VII. Cucurbita, Linn. Gen. n. 1478; Endl. Gen. n. 5138. Flores monoici. Masc.: Calyx tubo brevi campanulato 5-fido. Corolla imo calyci adnatim inserta, campanulata, limbi 5-fidi lobis zstivatione induplicatis. Stamina 5, ime corolle inserta, 3-adelpha, in columnam conniventia; an- there 1-loculares, loculo lineari, connectivi vix incrassati mutici dorso pluribus anfractibus longitu- dinalibus adnato. Foem.: Calyx tubo ovato v. obovato, cum ovario connato, limbo. supero 5-fido. Corolla maris. Stamina sterilia. Ovarium inferum, 3-5-loculare, placentis juxta septa utrinque parietalibus oc-ovulatis. Stylus 3-fidus; stigmata incrassata, 2-loba. Bacca obovato-clavata, glo- bosa v. depresso-spheerica, oc-sperma. Semina ovata, compressa, margine tumido cincta. Embryonis exalbuminosi cotyledones foliaceæ, radicula brevissima centrifuga.— Herbs annus, cirrhosz; foliis alternis petiolatis cordatis integris v. 3-5-lobis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis 1-floris; floribus luteis.— Pepo. et Melopepo, Tourn. Inst. t. 33, 34.

1. C. Pepo, Linn. Spec. 1435; foliis cordato-obtusis sub-5-lobis dentieulatis; calycibus in colum infra limbum desinentibus; baccis subrotundis oblongisve levibus.—Ser. in DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 317. * Pumpkin” of the English colonists.—Cultivated in Viti as in the Hawaiian and other Polynesian islands, but known to be introduced by Europeans. According to Solander (Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif.), it was brought to Tahiti in 1767 by Captain Wallis.

The fruit is an excellent sea-stock, and much valued by whaling-ships as such. In the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald to the Arctic regions, we had it on board for months, and found it to keep sound long after the yams and other tropical vegetables had become rotten.* ;

I have specimens of a Cucurbitacea, collected by Mr. Williams in Viti, but they are without flowers. Leaves 5-lobed, glabrous, lobes pinnatifid or dentated, tendrils simple. At the base the leaves form an acute angle, otherwise they look like some forms of Momordica Charantia.

* Cucurbita maxima, Duch. in Lam. Diet. vol. ii. p. 151; DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 316, though culti- vated in the Sandwich Islands (Seemann!) from time immemorial, has not yet reached Viti. The shells of this gourd are converted, by the Sandwich Islanders, into vessels (ipu), out of which they eat their “ poè,” i.e. fermented corms of Colocasia antiquorum, var. esculenta, as stated in my Narrative of the Voy. of H.M.S. Herald, vol. ii. p. 86. :

Another species is peculiar to the Society Islands, viz. Cucurbita pruriens, Sol. ms. in Forst. Prodr. n* 554, sine descrip., et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 109 (ined.) ; Seem. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 50. Pilis rigidiusculis pruritum momentaneum excitantibus hispida, caule angulato; foliis profunde cor- datis sublobato-5-angulatis sinuato-dentatis; cirrhis 2-fidis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis; ealycis laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis reflexis; fructibus globosis, junioribus farinosis pilosis. Cucumis bicirrha, Forst. mss. in Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 56.—Society Islands (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.). -—

* Annua. Caules longissimi, angulati, hispidi. Folia alterna, petiolata, magna, latiora (sæpe spithamam lata) quam longiora, profunde cordata, sinubus latis subrotundatis sublobato-angulata, angulis acutis, den- ticulata, denticulis minutis teretiusculis, molliuscule, pilosa, pilis supra longioribus adspersis, 5-nervia, venosa. Glandule nulle. Petioli plerumque foliis longiores, hispidissimi. — Cirri 2-fidi, longi, inferne hispidi Pedunculi axillares, 1-flori, hispidissimi, masculi plerumque petiolis longiores, famine: ex eadem axilla, breves uneiales, raro sesquiunciales. Flores magni, lutei. Calyx hirsutus, laciniis oblongo-lanceo- latis semiuncialibus reflexis. Filamenta 3. Anthere valde contortuplicate. Germen oblongum, hirsutis- simum. Pomum globosum, cortice duro sublignoso tectum, farina alba facile detergenda dense irroratum, pilisque rigidiuseulis pallidis sesquilinearibus undique adspersum, diametro 2- vel raro 3-unciali, dum penitus maturum Pomum leve evadit absque farina pilisve. Semina magnitudine seminum Cucumeris sative,

2

108 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orvo XLVII. SAXIFRAGACEZE.

In 1836, when Endlicher published his list of South Sea Island plants, he was able to enumerate only four species of Savifragacee from tropical Polynesia, viz. Codia montana, Forst. (New Caledonia, Forster), Weinmannia parviflora, Forst. (Tahiti), Geissois racemosa, Labill. (New Caledonia), and Brous- saisia arguta, Gaud. (Sandwich Islands). Since then the number has so rapidly increased, that I am ac- quainted with no fewer than 38 species, distributed over 7 genera, viz. Geissois (5), Cunonia (5), Wein- mannia (8), Spireanthemum (6), Pancheria (7), Codia (5), and Broussaisia (2). I hold the two species of the latter genus sound ones. Broussaisia arguta, Gaud., A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, t. 87, was -collected in Oahu (Macrae! in Mus. Brit.), B. pellucida, Gaud. Bonit. t. 9, in Hawaii by Deal, and also in Captain Cook’s second voyage, with the schedule “ Hydrangeoides. Frutex 9-pedalis; fl. pallide rubicundi; Hawaii in sylvis."

I may here express my conviction that Sazifragacee and Crassulacee should be fused into one great Natural Order. At present they are kept apart merely by imaginary differences. The calyx is 5-sepalous in several Sawifragacee, as it usually is in Crassulacee. The hypogynous scales, upon which Lindley laid undue stress in Crassulacea, are present in Spireanthemum ; there is every possible degree of transition from apocarpous to syncarpous fruits; and there are inferior, semi-inferior, and free ovaries. -

I. Geissois, Labill. Ser. Austr. Cal. p. 50. t. 50; Brongn. et Gris, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5. t. i. p. 368. Calyx liber, 4-partitus, sepalis acutis margine crassis, intus sepe hirsutis, caducis, eestivatione valvatis. Corolla 0. Stamina 12-16, hypogyna. Ovarium oblongo-conicum, basi in ‘discum annularem crenatum angustum expansum, 2-loculare. Ovula co, biseriata, ascendentia. Styli 2, graciles, basi connati; stigmata parva, acuta. Capsula elongata, styli basi simplici cuspidata,

sed margine tumido cincta. Pili in tota planta pellucidi, rigidiusculi, quasi articulati, subulati, pruritum momentaneum excitantes.—Hab. in Tahiti, Huahine, etc."— Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 336 (ined.). This plant is allied to C. ovifera, but perfectly distinct, the calyx being very different in the two species.

There are besides in tropical Polynesia the following Cueurbitacece :—

Sycios australis, Endl. Fl. Norfolk, p. 67 (1833): S. Fretensis, Hook. fil. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. vi. p (1847) ; Walp. Ann. vol.i p. 817: 8. angulata, Forst. Prodr. n. 363 (non Linn.); Hook. fil. Fl.

: Zealand, vol. i. p. 72, ex parte.— Norfolk Island (Bauer), New Zealand (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.), New South Wales (fide A. Gray). Forster and Hooker fil. have regarded this species as identical with S. angulatus of America, but the two seem to be quite distinct. A. Gray (Bot. Wilkes, p. 648) has already pointed out that the flower and fruit of S. australis are not larger than those of S. parviflorus, and less than half the size of those of S. angulatus. There are besides other distinctions. S. angulatusg Linn. is covered with long, floccose, often glandulose hair on the peduncles and fruit, its tendrils are 4- or nore gencrally 5-fid, and its fruit sparingly covered with spines, whilst S. australis is without the long floecose hair, has always 3-fid tendrils, and its fruit is densely covered with spines. Besides, the form of the leaf is different in the two.

Sycios pachycarpus, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 83; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 650, t. 80.—Oahu (Macrae! Lay and Collie, Gaudichaud), Maui, Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Sycios macrophyllus, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 651, t. 81.— Hawaii, Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). x PT DC A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 652, t. 82.— Hawaii, Sandwich Islands (Macrae! U.S.

xpi. Exped.). : :

2 Melothria Samoensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p.641.—Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Zehneria Baueriana, Endl. Fl. Norf. n. 126.— Norfolk Island (Bauer, fide Endl.).

Guillemin (Zeph. Tait.) mentions a Cucurbitacea, of which only a single branch was collected by Ber- tero and Moerenhout, and which he refers, with a mark of doubt, to Trichosanthes. 1t is said to be called “ Patara” by the natives, and is stated to have palmate leaves, with seven large lanceolate leaflets; the flowers are unknown. Ellis (‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p. 360) says:—‘ Patara is a root growing wild in the valleys, in shape and taste resembling a potato, more than any other root found in Tahiti. It is highly farinaceous, though less nutritive than the Yam; the stem resembles the Woodbine or Convolvulus. The natives say the flower is small and white; I never saw one, for it is not cultivated, and but seldom sought, as the tuberous root is small, and more than two are seldom found attached to the same vine or stalk."— The Patara will probably be found to be no Cucurbitacea at all, but Dioscorea pentaphylla, Linn., whieh I find mentioned in Cuzent's list under the native name of * Paauara ;" but Patara is probably the correct name. The * Paauara” proper, of Tahiti, is, from all I ean learn, identical with Dioscorea aculeata.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 109

2-locularis, carpellis ab apice septicide et-rima interiori dehiscentibus, endocarpio tenui ab epicarpio non secedente. Semina imbricata, apice alata. Albumen carnosum. Embryo radicula inferiore, cotyledonibus ellipticis planis.—Arbores v. frutices, foliis digitatim 3—5-foliolatis, stipulis interpetio- laribus magnis; racemis lateralibus v. axillaribus solitariis v. aggregatis, bracteis nullis v. minimis, floribus coccineis. *

Foralong time we knew only one species of this genus (G. racemosa, Labill.), published in 1824. Thirty years later A. Gray added a second (G. ternata), and in 1862 A. Brongniart and Gris three others (G. pruinosa, montana, and hirsuta), all from New Caledonia; one of the latter (G. pruinosa) was discovered in 1858 by Admiral Denham’s expedition, at Kanala, New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! n. 24 in Mus. Brit.). For a sixth species, found at the New Hebrides, we are also indebted to the same expedition, and I have named it, in honour of its distinguished commander, Admiral Denham, Greissois Denhami (sp. nov.), Seem. mss.in Herb. Mus. Brit.; foliolis ternatis longiuscule petiolatis ovalibus v. elliptieis obtuse acuminatis basi acutis integerrimis glaberrimis concoloribus ; stipulis ignotis ; racemis axillaribus solitariis folio breviori- bus; pedicellis medio articulatis; sepalis ovato-acuminatis extus glabris 3-nerviis intus dense hirsutis ; ovario dense villoso; stylis glaberrimis; capsula ignota.—Aneiteum, New Hebrides (M'Gillivray !). Closely resembling in habit and look G. ternata, A. Gray, but at once distinguished by its very woolly ovary. It is also very near G. montana, Vieill., but differs in the shape of the leaves and sepals. The

ovary of G. montana is not described; that of G. pruinosa is glabrous, as is that of G. ternata.

l. G. ternata, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 679. t. 86; arborea; foliolis ternatis oblongis v. ob- ovato-ellipticis obtusis acutis v. breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, integerrimis v. serratis glaberrimis discoloribus ; stipulis canescenti-hirsutis ; racemis lateralibus solitariis v. aggregatis; pedicellis medio articulatis; sepalis triangulari-oblongis, extus glabris subaveniis, intus subpubescentibus (coccineis) ; staminibus 12-16; ovario glabro; capsula lineari-oblonga, subcurvata, teretiuscula v. subcompressa. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vuga."—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu and Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.); Kadavu (Seemann! n. 201); Viti Levu (Greffe! n. 27) ; Lakeba (Seemann! Harvey !) ; Gau (Milne!) ; Moturiki (Seemann !). ;

A timber-tree about 40-50 feet high, growing on hillsides, and presenting, when covered with its bright scarlet flowers, a most beautiful appearance. The native name I had for this is “ Vuga,” identical

with that of Metrosideros polymorpha, but either in the one case or the other I must have been mis- informed.

II. Weinmannia, Linn. Gen. n. 493; Brongn. et Gris, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5. t. i. p. 372. Calyx 4—5-fidus, persistens, lobis zstivatione valvatis v. vix margine imbricatis. Petala sub- rotunda, sessilia. Stamina 8-10, filamentis gracilibus, subzequalia; glandulz totidem, cum stamini- bus alternantes. Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis oo 2-seriatis. Styli 2 e basi divergentes, stigmatibus parvis subcapitatis. Capsula 2-locularis, dehiscentia septicida et rima interna aperta, carpellis demum 2-fidis. Semina ovata, pilosa.—Arbores v. frutices, foliis oppositis simplicibus ternatis v. sepius pinnatis; floribus racemosis v. racemis compositis, paniculatis. [9

A large Americap, Indian, Australian, and Polynesian genus, all the species of which are very local. It is unknown in the Sandwich Islands. One species (W. Samoensis, A. Gray) is found in the Samoan Islands, another (W. parviflora, Forst. Prod. n. 174, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Paeif. p. 257; .Leiospermum parviflorum, Don; Marattia terminalis, Sol. in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 48), grows in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Dav. Nelson! Forster! W. Anderson), and it is also said to occur in Elizabeth Island, though I believe the genus Fitchia, as well as this Weinmannia, were not collected there by Cuming, but in Tahiti. Two species (JV. serrata, Brongn. et Gris, and dichotoma, Brongn. et Gris) are known from New Caledonia, four from Viti, and two from the New Hebrides, viz.:— — : : W. Denhami (sp. nov.), Seem.; ramulis paniculisque puberulis; foliis pinnatim 2-3-jugis eum impari glabris; rachi late alata; foliolis lateralibus sessilibus lanceolatis acutis basi obliquis calloso-serratis supra nitidis, terminali petiolulato, petiolulo alato; racemis elongatis ternatis v. paniculatis ; floribus 4-meris, etalis ovatis obtusis; fruct. ignot.—Aneiteum, in woods (M*Gillivray !). Collected by Captain Denham's Repetition: Terminal leaflets the largest, including petiolule 14 inch long. Racemes 3-4 inches long. - ` W. Maegillivrayi, (sp. nov.) Seem. mss. in Mus. Brit. ; ramulis paniculisque pubescentibus ; foliis pin- natim 5-9-jugis cum impari; rachi tereti supra barbata; foliolis lateralibus sessilibus, terminali petio- lulato, ovato-oblongis acuminatis calloso-serratis, utrinque glabris, supra nitidis; stipulis subrotundatis;

110 FLORA VITIENSIS.

racemis folio longioribus; floribus 4-meris; petalis obovatis; fruct. ignot.—Aneiteum, (M‘Gillivray ! Milne!). Leaflets smaller than those of W. Denhami.

Milne also gathered imperfect, specimens of another possibly new species of Weinmannia, with 3- foliolated, glabrous leaves, above Nady, Vanua Levu, which must remain undescribed till better materials shall have come to hand.

1. W. affinis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 674g glabra; foliis simplicibus oblongis v. ovalibus calloso-serratis basi in petiolum brevem contractis rarissime 2-foliolatis, foliolis in petiolo superne marginato sessilibus; racemis geminis ternisve corymboso-paniculatis; “floribus roseis;" calyce deciduo; stylis capsula ovoidea glabella dimidio brevioribus; seminibus ovalibus utrinque comosis. —Ovalau, 1200 feet above the sea (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 197), Taviuni (Seemann! 200).

All my specimens have simple leaves, and are, unfortunately, in fruit only. The leaves are ve

variable in size, though not in texture and mode of venation. A. Gray's var. B must probably be excluded, and may be identical with the following species.

2. W. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; foliis 3-foliolatis, lateralibus sessilibus, intermedio petiolulato, foliolis lanceolatis v. ovali-lanceolatis acutis v. acuminatis calloso-serratis supra nitidis, venis prominulis, subtus opacis nigro-punctatis; racemis ternis v. subpluribus paniculatis, juniori- bus (sub lente) puberulis; stylis capsula 3—4-sperma ovoidea dimidio brevioribus ; seminibus oblongis utrinque comosis.—Kadavu (Seemann! n. 199). Also collected by Harvey in Viti (fruiting speci- mens), but locality not specified.

This may possibly be A. Gray's W. affinis, var. B. foliis trifoliolatis, as it was pronounced by ihe American botanist a variety of that species; but it is very different in look, and I cannot make up my mind to put it with W. affinis, which is well known to me. Unfortunately, my specimens have very young flowers only, and the diagnosis must for the present remain incomplete. "There are no simple leaves on any of my specimens; the lateral leaflets are the smallest, 1-12 inch long and 3 of an inch broad. All are finely reticulated underneath.

3. W. Richii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 675. t. 85 B; arborescens; ramulis junioribus petiolis costisque subtus pube brevi velutinis cinereisve ; foliis simplicibus v. pinnatim 1-4-jugis cum impari ; foliolis oblongis acuminatis subserratis glabris; stipulis orbiculatis integerrimis; racemis geminis v. ternis confertis; floribus 4-meris parvis; petalis obovatis calyce persistente duplo longioribus; stylis gracilibus capsula 2-4-sperma paullo brevioribus ; seminibus oblongis utrinque comosis.— Bua Bay, Vanua Levu, at the altitude of 2000 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Recently collected by Mr. Storck, probably in Viti Levu. | :

4. W. spirzeoides, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 677 ; arborea; hirto-pubescens; foliolis 2-jugis cum impari oblongo-lanceolatis seu elliptico-oblongis grosse serratis utrinque acutis ; stipulis orbicu- latis serratis; ect. ign.—O valau, at the altitude of 500 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

III. Spireanthemum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 666. t. 83; Brongn. et Gris in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. vol. v. t. 1. p. 373. Flores hermaphroditi v. polygami. Calyx 4-5-fidus (in eodem specimine), persistens, lobis acutis, :estivatione valvatis. Corolla 0. Stamina 8-10 v. 4-5, hypogyna, filamentis gracilibus, antheris subglobosis 2-lobis. Squamulz hypogyne, carnosæ truncatze v. emarginate, cum staminibus alternantes. Ovaria 4—5 (v. rarius 2-3), libera, ovoideo-fusiformia, in stylum gracilem attenuata; stigmate parvo capitato; ovulis 1—5, angulo interiori latere affixis, amphitropis, micropyle superiore. Folliculi 2-5 fertiles v. abortu solitarii, rima interiore dehiscentes. Semina pauca (1-2), superne v. utrinque in alam producta. Embryo (ex A. Gray) subcylindricus, albumine carnoso paulo brevior, radicula supera.— Frutices v. arbores, foliis oppositis v. ternis simplicibus ; stipulis interpetio- laribus deciduis; floribus parvis paniculatis, pedicellis articulatis.

This singular genus is rapidly increasing, and now consists of seven species. A. Gray was acquainted with only two, S. Samoense, from the Samoan, and S. Vitiense, from the Viti Islands. Since then, Brongniart and Gris have added two others from New Caledonia, (S. densiflorum and Austro-Caledonicum), and I have

FLORA VITIENSIS. 111

to augment the number still further by two from Viti (S. Katakata and Graffei), and one from the New Hebrides (S. Maegillivrayi, sp. nov., Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; arbuscula; ramis pubescentibus ; foliis oppositis ovatis v. ovalibus acuminatis basi acutis, calloso-serratis utrinque glabris, insigniter pen- ninerviis, nervis subrectis; paniculis folia excedentibus; floribus 4-meris, diplostemonibus ; squamulis hypogynis oblongis truncatis basi connatis, intus barbatis; folliculis ignot.—Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray! n. 59). In habit resembling S. Samoense and Katakata).

l. S. Vitiense, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 669. t. 83; glabrum ; foliis oppositis et verticillatis obovato-ellipticis oblongisve obtusis basi attenuatis integerrimis paucivenosis paniculas excedentibus ; froribus 4-5-6-meris diplostemonibus ; squamulis hypogynis cuneatis v. oblongis truncatis v. emargi- natis glabris; folliculis 4 monospermis; semine superne alato.—At Bua Bay and Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.) ; Viti Levu (Dr. Greffe! n. 16, ex parte).

2. S. Greeffei, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; glabrum; foliis oppositis ellipticis acuminatis basi acutis inte- gerrimis v. versus apicem obscure denticulatis insigniter penninerviis ; paniculis folia multo exce- dentibus; floribus ignotis; folliculis 4; czet. ignot.—Buke Levu, Kadavu (Greffe! n. 16, ex parte).

Discovered by Dr. Greffe, whose specimen was kindly sent to me by Dr. F. Müller, and nearest to S. Vitiense, from which it differs by the shape of the leaves, and very large panicles. I have only seen one fruiting specimen, all the follicules having shed their seed. Leaves on petioles 3-1 inch long; blade 23-8 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, on the upper side more prominently feather-veined than S. Vitiense ; veins from 7-9 on each side of the midrib. Panicles twice or thrice as long as the leaves.

3. S. Katakata, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 36. (Tab. XVII.) ; arborea; ramis petiolis pauiculisque puberulis; foliis oppositis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis v. obtusis minute denticwlatis insigniter penninerviis, nervis curvatis, utrinque costis nervisque ex- ceptis, glabris; paniculis folia excedentibus; floribus 4-meris diplostemonibus; squamulis hypogynis obovato-oblongis emarginatis intus barbatis; folliculis 4 extus puberulis; cet. ignot.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Katakata."—Kadavu (Seemann! n. 196).

A. middle-sized tree; petioles 1-11 inch long; blade of leaf 4-5 inches long, 23-3 inches broad. Primary veins more curved than in S. Macgillivrayi. Bracts lanceolate, opposite. Flowers polygamous. My specimens have male flowers only, whilst Milne's fruiting specimens, from which Fig. 5 and 6 of our Platé are copied, have shed the seeds. ;

Expnanation OF PLATE XVIL —Fig. 1, a male flower; 2, the same, with the calyx removed ; 3 and 4, front and back view of one of the eight hypogynous scales, alternating with the stamens; 5, branchlet with ripe fruit; 6, the folliculi after shedding their seed :—all, with exception of Fig. 5, magnified.

Orvo XLVIII. HEDERACEJE.

It is a matter of importance to ascertain the æstivation of all the plants regarded by us as Umbelli- feræ and Araliaceæ, because, for systematic purposes, most useful characters are to be found in it; and as there is a vast number of species to be examined, it is desirable there should be a good many observers. I am more and more convinced that the only clear line between Umbelliferæ and Araliaceæ, or, as I should prefer calling the latter, Hederaceæ, can be drawn by relying upon the characters derivable from the æstivation of the corolla. Not one of the distinctive characters usually assigned to the two Orders holds good, and in elementary books this state of things is extremely puzzling to the student. _ If, for instance, a beginner wished to find Hydrocotyle and Crithmum by means of the analytical key given in one of the leading British Floras, he could never hope to succeed. After getting to the neighbourhood of the Orders in which they are placed in that work, he would meet with the following enigma :— i ; * 83. Petals imbricate in bud. 34.

Petals valvate in bud. 35." 1 ar. :

Of course, having ascertained the petals to be valvate in bud, he would continue his search by turning to “35,” and there find,— : 5

“Fruit a berry. Styles several. Leaves alternate. Araliaceæ. 2: Now as neither Hydrocotyle nor Crithmum have a berried fruit or more than two styles, his search for the two genera by means of this analytical key would have come to an end. I have quoted this example, out of many, because it came ready to hand, and it illustrates the practical inconvenience arising from our neg- lecting the zestivation. ‘The conspectus of the calycifloral Orders given in Hooker and Arnott’s ‘ British Flora,’ places the student in the same dilemma.

112 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Systematic botanists who have dealt with the whole vegetable kingdom have been as unsuccessful in finding distinctive characters for the two Orders as our local botanists, and the confusion that is thus caused in general systematic works’ is embarrassing. After the grave errors introduced into the ordinal characters of Hederace: by Don, and copied by Bartling and De Candolle, had been corrected by Brown and Bennett in ‘ Plante Javanice,’ it became evident that Umbellifere and Hederaces were not so distinct as had been supposed by botanists labouring under the belief that Don’s errors were the result of true observations. Lindley, in his ‘ Vegetable Kingdom,’ makes the following distinctions between the two Orders :—

** Umbellifere. Fruit didymous, with a double epigynous disk.

“ Hederacee. Fruit not didymous, without a double epigynous disk, 3- or more celled. Pentamerous flowers. Corolla valvate. Leaves alternating, without stipules.”

The principal distinctive characters here relied upon (the didymous or non-didymous fruit and the pre- sence or absence of the double epigynous disk) do nòt stand the test of practical application. About one- half of all known Hederaceze have a didymous fruit, and in many Umbellifere the disk is not double'if the styles are closely united, there being in that instance only one disk, as is the case in most Hederacesm. The pentamerous flowers are general in both Orders, tetramerous ones forming the exceptions. Alternate leaves are also a feature common to both Orders, opposite ones being again the exception. Stipules cannot be denied to many Hederacew, being, for instance, highly developed in Tetrapanax papyrifera, C. Koch, the rice-paper plant.

Unless some additional characters besides those derivable from the sstivation of the corolla can be found, it will scarcely be possible to make Hederacez more than a suborder of Umbellifere. The general name of Umbellifere might be retained for the whole Order, whilst that of Apiaces (following Lindley) might be adopted for one suborder and Hederaces for the other. The two suborders would occupy the same relative position as do Clematidee and Anemones in Ranunculacez, and Papilionacez, Cæsalpineæ, and Mimoses in Leguminose, all of which are distinguished by the estivation. However, when the whole genera belonging here shall have been carefully examined, it may become necessary to establish even more suborders. In Trachymene caerulea (Didiscus, Hook.) and most genera with irregular corollas, the petals are vexillary in bud, exactly as they are in Papilionacew ; in Aralia racemosa, Stilbocarpa polaris, and a few others, the estivation of the corolla is quincuncial. Both being different degrees of imbrication, we may, in the present stage of the inquiry, rest content with two suborders of Umbelliferze being defined :— *

l. Apiacee. Corolla variously imbricate in estivation.

2. Hederacee. Corolla valvate in æstivation.

I prefer the name Hederacew because it is not an innovation; Hedera Helix is a widely-diffused and very characteristic plant of the Order, and the few typical species at present retained in Aralia, havimg a quincuncial corolla, must be shifted to Apiacee, ;

In many, but by no means in all Apiaceæ, the carpels separate mechanically from the carpopods. In- Hederace the carpels also separate occasionally, but there are never any thread-like carpopods. So it may be stated that all Umbelliferz with separating carpels and distinct carpopods are genuine Apiaceæ, but that not all Apiaceæ have separating carpels and distinct carpopods. But the systematic value of the carpopod or earpophorum is depreciated by the recent observations of Von Mohl, which tend to show that the carpo- phorum is not a distinct organ, but part and parcel of the carpels.*

I may add that Corne: are chiefly distinguished from Hederacez, according to most authors, by their tetramerous flowers and opposite leaves. But there are Cornes with pentamerous flowers, for instance, Griselina and Corokia; and Cornus alternifolius, Linn., is a familiar instance of alternate leaves. Corneze agree in every respect with Hederacew, except that, as the younger Agardh has pointed out, Hederaceæ, like Apiaees, have epitropous ovules, and Corner apotropous (Gemmule “sunt nempe in Araliaceis et Umbelliferis velut in Hamamelideis epitropz, in Cornaceis vero (observavi gemmulas Corni, Benthamia, Corokie et his proxime Awcube) ut in Caprifoliaceis et Viburneis apotrope.” J. G. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Plant. p. 303).— For a series of papers on Hederacee consult Seem. Journ. of Botany, vol. i-iii.

I. Hydrocotyle, Tournef. Inst. t. 173. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalyculati, herma-

* “The different views [taken of the nature of the carpophorum of Umbellifere] are contradicted by a microscopic examination of the fruit, yielding as it does the result that a carpophorum distinct from the carpels and joined to them by accretion does not exist, but that it forms really a part of the carpels them- . selves, and, when the fruit is ripe, separates from them, and then only becomes apparently a separate organ. This upsets all the speculations as to whether the carpophorum is to be regarded as an axial formation or (as De Candolle explains it) as the petiole of the carpellary leaf. The true state of the case becomes evident if in different heights of the unripe fruit transverse sections are made, and these be compared with vertical ones."—Hugo von Mohl, “On the Carpophorum of Umbellifers," Bot. Zeitung, vol. xxi, (1863) p. 264.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 113

phroditi. Calycis tubus subcompressus, limbus obsoletus. Petala 5, ovato-triangularia, 1-nervia, libera, zestivatione valvata. Stamina 5; anthere ovate; pollinis granula plano-convexa. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis l-ovulatis. Drupa a latere plano-compressa, 2-pyrena, pyrenis evittatis. Carpo- phorum nullum. Semen carinato-compressum. Albumen :equabile.— Herb: perennes repentes v. suffrutices erecti, foliis stipulatis simplicibus integris v. varie divisis, floribus in umbellis capitatis v. spicis axillaribus dispositis, albidis, viridiusculis v. purpureo-maculatis, drupis viridiusculis pur- pureis v. maculatis.—Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 278. Trisanthus, Lour. Fl. Coch. p. 219.

Though the genus Hydrocotyle must have passed through the hands of innumerable botanists; its true position in the Natural System was not suspected util pointed out by me in the ‘Journal of Botany,’ 1863, p. 278. Every one regarded it as a genuine Umbellifera, and yet how different is its look to all the most typical members of that order or suborder. Its fruit is didymous, it is true, but the two carpels do not separate, and there is no distinct carpophorum except in several annual Australian species, which bave been erroneously referred to this genus, such as H. tripartita, R. Brown; verticillata, Turez.; pili- Sera, 'Turez.; medicaginoides, Turcz.; diantha, F. Müll.; capillaris, F. Müll.; lobocarpa, F. Müll., ete.,—all belonging to Dimetopia and other genera not yet worked out. Jn tropical Polynesia only three genuine Hydrocotyles have as yet turned up; the widely-diffused and rather variable H. Asiatica ; in the Samoan Islands the allied H. leucocephala, Cham. et Schlecht., according to A. Gray,—a species I have not seen from any but Brazilian stations; and in the Sandwich Islands Z7. verticillata, Thunb. (interrupta, Mühl.). The latter will probably be found in other Polynesian groups, as it is one of the most widely-diffused species; we know it from the Cape of Good Hope (Wallich! Roberts! Lind!), Virginia (Mitchell!), Carolina (Beyrich!), Massachusetts (Greene !), California (Chamisso), Jamaica (Wright! Swartz !), and Gipps Land, Australia (F. Müller!) Ihold H. pleiantha, of Cesati (Linnea, vol. xi. p. 313), from Tuscany, identical with H. verticillata, as far as such an opinion can be of value, judging from the description only. If it should be confirmed, H. verticillata, Thunb., would range over Polynesia and all the continents except Asia. It is very near the much more local H. vulgaris, but I have never seen any transition, it being easily distinguished by its 11-nerved leaves, entirely glabrous petioles, and uniformly purplish fruit (not maculate or at the base emarginate) `

l. H. Asiatica, Linn. Spec. p. 234; Rich. Hydr. n. 15. f. 11; Wight, Icon. vol. ii. t. 565; glabra v. villosa; caule repente ; foliis orbiculato- v. cordato-reniformibus crenatis v. crenato-dentatis 7-9-nerviis; umbellis capitatis paucifloris; involucro 2—5-phyllo; fructu orbiculari 4-costato.— 77. repanda, Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 302; Rich. Hydr. n. 13. f. 14. H. ficarioides, Lam. Dict. vol. iii. p. 153; Rich. Hydr. n. 12. f. 12. H. abbreviata, Rich. Hydr. n. 17. f. 19. H. lunata, Lam. Dict. vol. iii. p. 152. H. nummularioides, Rich. Hydr. n. 11. f. 9. H. hebecarpa, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 63. H. inequipes, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 63. H. pallida, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 63. H. brevipes, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 63. H. lurida, lance in Walp. Aun. vol. ii. p. 690; Seem. Bot. Herald,

* p.379. H. triflora, Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. vol. iii. p. 24. t. 245. f. 6. H. cordifolia, Hook. Icon. t.

308. H. Brasiliensis, Scheidw. in Otto und Dietrich, Gartenz. vol. x. 286; Walp. Rep. vol. ii. p. 383. H. reniformis et cordata, Walt. Fl. Car. p. 113. H. reniformis, Bose, Poir. Suppl. vol. iii. p.21. H. repanda, Spreng. Umb. n. 4. t. 2. f. 4. H. sp, e Nov. Caledon. Forst. Prodr. n. 512. Glyceria repanda, Nutt. Gen. Amer. vol. i. p. 177. Trisanthus Cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 219 (ed. Willd.). Pes equinus, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 455. t. 169. f. l.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Totono."— Common all over Viti, in open, damp places or cultivated ground. Also found in the Tongan (Barclay!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and New Caledonia (Forster!). Common in Asia, viz. China (Herb. Mus. Brit.) ; Hongkong (Campion! Hance }) ; Java (Horsfield!); Philippine Islands (Cuming!) ; Cochinchina (Loureiro !) ; Coromandel coast (Roxburgh! Keenig!); Ceylon (Thwaites!): Africa, viz. Mauritius (Roxburgh !) ; i ma (Schimper! n. 13); Congo (Congo Expedition !) ; West tropical Africa (G. Don!); Angola (Wel- witsch ! n. 619, 620, 621, 622, 623) ; Cape of Good Hope (Masson ! Wallich ! Bunbury ): America, viz. Jamaica (F. Masson !) ; Chili (Bridges!) ; Rio, Brazil (Gardner! n. 52) : Australia, viz. Queens- land at Endeavour River (Sir J. Banks !). pre

Used medicinally by the Vitians, but I have not been able to find out for what diseases.

II. Nothopanax, Miq.. in Bonplandia, 1859, p. 139, et Fl. Herb. Ind. vol. i. pars i. p. 765.

Q

114 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Pedicelli articulati. Flores calyculati, polygami. Calycis tubus obconicus; limbus minute 5-den- tatus. Petala 5, wstivatione valvata. Stamina 5. Styli 2 (per excessum 3) dein divergentes, fere ad basin usque facie interiore stigmatosi. Ovarium 2-, rarissime 3-loculare. Drupa didymo-compressa v. rarissime 3-gona. Albumen :equabile.— Frutices sepius anisati, foliis pinnato-decompositis, pin- natis v. simplicibus; petiolis basi stipulatim dilatatis; umbellis decompositis v. racemoso-paniculatis, floribus parvis albidis v. viridiusculis.— Panacis, Aralie et Paratropie sp. auct.

ANothopanaz was established in 1856 by Miquel in the * Bonplandia’ for a set of shrubby Hederacee having articulate pedicels, polygamous 5-androus flowers, and a two-celled ovary. The generic character there given was admitted by him, unaltered, into his * Flora of Dutch India ;’ but in the Supplement of that work he amplified it so far as to admit a Hederacéa with 5-7 styles, which he named N. tricochleatum. In another more recent publication (Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. vol. i.), he rejects the genus altogether, and re- fers all the species once more to the old Linnean genus Panas. I think Mothopanax ought to be upheid, and be restricted to the dicarpous (by excess tricarpous) species. The 5-carpous plant Miquel referred to CEU I consider to be Polyscias pinnata, Forster. With Panas, as I understand the genus, NofAopanaz has but distant relationship. The genus now comprises about a dozen species, but it is quite possible that some of them will have to be rejected when better specimens can be examined. I more than half suspect that N. (?) obtusum, of which I have not seen a specimen, may belong to my new genus Heteropanaz, which is founded upon the East Indian Panag fragrans, Roxb.* What I have seen in herbaria under the name of Panax pinnatum, Lam., is certainly a species of Arthrophyllum, a genus easily known by its 1-celled ovary ; and Miquel’s description of “ Panax pinnatum," given in the Annales above quoted, must refer to a dif- ferent plant, perhaps a genuine Nothopanaz. have also my suspicion about JV. cochleatwn (known to me only from books). It has simple leaves, whilst all the other species of the genus have compound ones. Most of the species have a very strong smell of aniseed and celery,—hence the name of * celery-tree " is given to N. elegans, Seem., by the Queensland colonists.t :

* Heteropanax, Seem. (gen. nov.). Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalyculati, hermaphroditi. Calyx tubo obconico, limbo minute 5-dentato. Petala 5, ovata, 1-nervia, estivatione valvata. Stamina 5. Ova- rium 2-loculare, loculis l-ovulatis. Styli 2, liberi, demum divaricati. Drupa exsucca, didyma, compressa, 2.pyrena. Albumen ruminatum.—Arbuscula inermis Indis orientalis, foliis alternis simpliciter impari- v. supradecomposite pinnatis, foliolis petiolulatis ovatis acuminatis integerrimis, umbellis paucifloris panicu- latis, pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque stellato-tomentosis, floribus odoratis.— Panacis sp. auct. Species unica: 1. H. fragrans, Seem. mss. Panaw fragrans, Roxb. Cat. Cale. 21; DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 254, excl. syn. Don.—Bootan (Griffith! n. 2073), Kumaon (Strachey et Winterbottom !), Sikkim, 2-4000 feet (Hooker fil. et Thomson !), Khassia (Hooker fil. et Thomson !), Calcutta Bot. Garden (Wallich! n. 4929 5), . Assam plains (Jenkins !).— Very variable in foliage, some leaves being scarcely a foot long, others exceeding 4-5 feet in length, with petioles 2 feet and more. Don’s Hedera fragrans, referred doubtfully to this species by De Candolle, is Pentapanax Leschenaultii, Seem., a common Nepal plant.

t The following is an enumeration of all the species of Nothopanaz known to me :—

* Folia decomposite tripinnata.

1. N. fruticosum, Miq. in Bonpl. 1856, p. 139; Fl. Ned. Ind. l. e. p. 765.— Panaz fruticosum, Linn. Spec. p. 1515; Wight, Icon. t. 573. Scutellaria tertia, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 78. t. 33.—Indian Archi- pelago (Horsfield!), Coebinehina (Loureiro! in Brit. Mus.), Ceylon (Seemann!), Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!), Viti Islands (Seeiaann! n. 204). Much cultivated about houses by all Malayan and Polynesian races. 2. N. (?) obtusum, Miq. in Bonpl. 1856. p. 139; Fl. Ned. Ind. l.c. p. 166.— Panaz obtusum, Bl. Bijdr. p. 890; Mig. Ann. Lugd. Bat. vol. i. p. 15.— Western Java (Blume !). Perhaps a species of Heteropanaz.

3. N. elegans, Seem.—Panaa elegans, Fraser, mss.; Muell. Fragm. vol. i. p. 107, et in Trans. Phil. Soc. Victoria, 1857. Panax polybotrys, F. Muell. Herb. Panax decompositum, Muell. Herb.—* Celery- tree” of Moreton Bay. Island and shores of Moreton Bay (A. Cunningham! F. Mueller !).

** Folia simpliciter pinnata. |

4. N. Cumingii, Seem.— Paratropia Cumingiana, Presl, Epim. p. 250; Walp. Ann. vol. ii. p. 725.— Philippine Islands (Cuming! n. 1553), Borneo (Motley! in Herb. Hook.).

5. N. multijugum, Seem. Paratropia (2) multijuga, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 722.— Viti (Seemann ! m. 205; Harvey! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

6. N. Macgillivrayi, Seem. mss. (sp. nov.).—Cape York, Australia (M‘Gillivray !). Somewhat re- sembling N. Cumingii in leaf. :

7. N. Murrayi, Seem.—Panax Murrayi, F. Muell. Frag. vol. ii. p. 106.—New South Wales (Oldfield!

in Herb. Hook.). 8. N. (2) Anisum, Miq. in Bonplandia, 1856, p. 139, et Fl. Ned. Ind. l. e. p. 766. — Panax Anisum, DC.

FLORA VITIENSIS. TIS

1. N. fruticosum, Miq. in Bonplandia, 1856, p. 139; Fl. Ned. Ind. l. c. p. 765; foliis decom- posito-pinnatis, foliolis petiolulatis ovali-oblongis acuminatis grosse dentato-serratis, ultimis inciso- 3-fidis, umbellis corymboso-paniculatis.— Pana. fruticosum, Linn. Spec. p. 1515; DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 254; Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 76; Wight, Icon. t. 573; Andr. Rep. vol. x. p. 595. — Scutel- laria tertia, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 78. t. 33. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Danidani."— Frequent about villages throughout Viti, and often cultivated (Seemann! n. 204). Also collected at Uvea or Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!). Common in the Indian Archipelago (Horsfield ! Wallich !), Cochin- china (Loureiro! in Mus. Brit.), Ceylon (Seemann !), and India.

This species is much cultivated by all Malayan and Polynesian races, both for its ornamental foliage and medicinal properties. The root has an agreeable and strongly aromatic smell, tastes not unlike parsley,

and is used as a diuretic. In Viti the bark of this shrub is scraped off, and its juice taken as a remedy for “macake,” the thrush,—ulcerated tongue and throat.

2. N. multijugum, Seem. (Tab. XVIII. et XIX.) ; glabra; folis imparipinnatis cc-jugis rhachi nodosa 2-pedali et ultra; foliolis breviter petiolulatis elliptico-oblongis v. ovato-oblongis inte- gerrimis basi subcordatis ; umbellis racemoso-paniculatis ; drupis obovatis.— Paratropia (?) multijuga, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 722.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Danidani."—Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. Harvey !) ; Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 205).

A straggling shrub, 4-8 feet high, with few branches. Leaves 2—4 feet long, leaflets often a foot long. Flowers in very large terminal panicles, the branches of which are 11-2 feet long. Umbels few-flowered, arranged in racemes ; racemes of the male flowers scattered, those of the hermaphrodite arranged in whorls. Drupe in my specimens not quite ripe, generally 2-, seldom 3-seeded.

EXPLANATION or Pirate XVIII, representing the male flowers of Nothopanax multijugum, with the upper portion of a large leaf at the back.— Fig. 1, an umbel of male flowers; 2, a flower-bud ; and 3, an open male flower :—all magnified.

EXPLANATION OF PraTE XIX., representing the hermaphrodite flowers and young fruit of Notho- panaz multijugun, with the upper portion of a branch, and one of the smaller leaves at the back.—Fig. 1, an umbel of hermaphrodite flowers; 2, hermaphrodite flower; 3 and 4, young fruit; 5, the same magnified ; 6 and 7, cross sections of a dicarpous and tricarpous fruit :—all, except 3 and 4, magnified.

III. Agalma, Miq. in Bonplandia, 1856, p. 138; FI. Ned. Ind. vol. i. pars i. p. 752. t. 11 et 12; Seem. Journ. of Botany, 1864, p. 296. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores eca- lyculati, hermaphroditi. Calyx tubo obconico, limbo 5-6- dentato. Petala 5—6, ovato-triangularia, libera, 1-nervia, apice incurvula, sstivatione valvata. Stamina 5-6; an- there oblonge. Stylus 1; stigma 5—6-lobatum. Ovarium 5—6-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis. Drupa oblonga, exsucca, 5-6-angulata, 5-6-pyrena. Albumen szequabile.—A rbores inermes Asi tropice; foliis digitatim foliolatis; foliolis : integerrimis v. dentatis; floribus racemosis v. umbellatis in paniculas dispositis, petalis viridiusculis. —Hedere et Paratropie sp. auct.

Agalma rugosum (affer Miquel).

Prodr. vol. iv. p. 254. Anisum Moluccanum, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. p. 132. t. 42.—Moluccas, (Rumphius). Known only from Rumphius's figure and description. UP 7 nD : 9. N. sambucifolium, C. Koch, Wochenschrift, 1859, p. 77.—Panax sambucifolium, Sieb. in DC. Prodr. iv. p. 255. P. margaritifera, Visiani (ubi?), teste C. Koch, Wochenschrift, 1859, p. 370. Panas dendroides, F. Muell. Fragm. vol. ii. p. 107; Plants of Victoria, t. 28. Panax angustifolium, * Muell. Fragm. vol. ii. p. 107.—East Coast of New Holland (Sieber! n. 256; A. Cunning am! Beckler!), Vie- toria and Australia Felix (F. Mueller!) Varies with narrow and broad leaves, Mueller's P. dendroides and angustifolium representing the narrow-leaved forms. : : 10. N. Zippelianum, Seem.—P. Zippelianum, Miq. Ann. Lugd. Bat. vol. i. p. 15.—New Guinea (Zippelius). : ; fll. Q2

we

116 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Miquel wished to confine the genus Agalma to those species which have truly racemose flowers, repre- sented typically by 4. rugosum (Aralia rugosa, Blume), and it is only in this particular that his Agalma differs from his Paratropia. Singular as is the inflorescence in A. rugosum, simillimum, and racemosum, few botanists would follow him in thinking that character sufficient to found a genus upon. I have there- fore sought for better limits, and, adopting Miquel's two Agalme as the type, added all the species which agreed generically with them. Most of their congeners had been referred to Paratropia, even by Miquel himself, where, on account of their long style, they were quite misplaced. De Candolle established Para- tropia for plants with sessile stigmas, and three out of the four species he referred to it have sessile stigmas, the fourth being a species of Polyscias, and having long styles. Now Paratropia, restricted to the species with sessile stigmas, is identical with Heptapleu*wm of Gertner; and as the latter was established as early as 1791, that name, quite as appropriate as Paratropia, claims the right of priority by thirty- nine years. Agalma and Heptapleurum have certain features in common, but they differ in several essential points, viz. :—

Agalma. Stylus 1, elongatus.— Arbores plerumque terrestres, floribus viridiusculis.

Heptapleurum. Stigmata ovario immersa, punctiformia.—A rbuscule epiphyte, floribus viridiusculis v. sepe purpureis v. sanguineis.

1. A. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; foliis digitatim 3-5- rarissime 1-foliolatis, foliolis obovato-oblongis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis penninerviis, nervis horizontaliter diva- ricatis; floribus in umbellas pauci-(3-7-)floras dispositis; ovario 5-loculari.— Viti Levu (Greffe! n. 38, in Herb. Melbourne).

This is one of the plants kindly placed at my disposal by Dr. F. Müller. There is only a single indif- ferent specimen ; better specimens will probably have more than the stated number of leaflets and flowers. . Leaflets underneath looking like those of certain Garcinias, on account of the horizontally divaricate veins. Petiolules 1-1} inch long; blade 3-4 inches long, 15-2 inches broad.

IV. Schefflera, Forst. Gen. p. et t. 23. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalyculati, polygami. Calyx tubo obconico, limbo minute 5-dentato. Petala 5, ovato-triangularia, 1-nervia, eestivatione valvata. Stamina 5; anther oblong. Ovarium 5-10-loculare, loculis l-ovulatis. Styli 5-10, basi coadunati, distincti. Drupa baccata, globosa, 5-10-pyrena. Albumen zquabile——Arbores vel frutices inermes, glabre; foliis alternis stipulatis digitatim 7-9-foliolatis; foliolis longe petiolulatis oblongis v. ellipticis serrulatis, umbellis racemoso-paniculatis.—Aralié sp. auct.

Schelera (not Schefflera, as some authors incorrectly write) contains two species, one inhabiting New Zealand, and having 8-10 styles; the other Viti, and having five styles only.

1. S. Vitiensis, Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 176; arborescens; foliolis 7-9 petiolulatis cuneato-oblongis subter acuminatis subserratis, lateralibus parvis; umbellis confertis pedunculatis in racemum compositum magnum paniculeformem digestis; stylis pyrenisque 5.—Aralia ( Schefflera) Vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 715, t. 89.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 203; Harvey! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

V. Nesopanax, (gen. nov.) Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 249. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalyculati. Calyx tubo obconico, cum ovario connato; limbo supero, obsolete 5-dentato. Petala 5, ovato-triangularia, disci epigyni margini inserta, libera, :estivatione valvata. Stamina indefinita, cum petalis inserta, pluriserialia; filamenta brevia; anther oblonge. Ovarium inferum, 5-7-

11. N. Samoense, Seem.—Panax Samoense, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 717.—Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped. !). ** Folia simplicia.

12. N. cochleatum, Miq. in Bonplandia, 1856, p. 139, et Fl. Ned. Ind. l. c. p. 766.—Aralia cochleata Lam. Diet. vol. i. p. 224. Panaz cochleatum, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 255. Panar scutellarioides, Reinw. in Blume, Bijdr. p. 888. Panas conchifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 77. Scutellaria prima, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 75. t. 31.—Indian Archipelago.

Species excluse.

N. (?) pinnatum, Miq. = Arthrophyllum, sp. i

N. tricochleatum, Miq. = Polyscias pinnata, Forst.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 117

loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, pendula. Styli 5-7, breves, distincti; stigmata simplicia. Drupa oblonga, 5—7-pyrena, calycis limbo stylisque coronata. Albumen ...— Arbor mediocris, glabra, inermis; folis digitatis; foliolis 7-9 obovato-oblongis utrinque attenuatis integerrimis; petiolis basi stipulatim dilatatis; umbellis multiradiatis, umbellulis 26—30-floris; floribus viridibus.

This genus differs from Plerandra, A. Gray, in having free petals, 5-7 distinct styles, and a 5-7-celled drupe. It agrees with it in habit, and the indefinite number of stamens. I have only one species :—

l. N. Vitiensis, Seem. l.c. (sp. nov.) Tab. XX.— Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 207; Milne!).

Petiole 1$ feet long. Leaflets pinnately veined, coriaceous ; blade 6-7 inches long, 21-3 inches broad ; petiolules 15-2 inches long. Peduncles 6-8 inches long. Pedicels of fruiting specimens 13-2 inches long.

EXPLANATION oF Prate XX.—Fig. 1, a flower; 2, a stamen; 3, ovary; 4 and 5, sections of ovary; 6, fruit nearly ripe; 7, section of fruit nearly ripe:—all, except Fig. 6, magnified.

VI. Bakeria, Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 248. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalycu- lati. Calyx tubo turbinato cum ovario connato, limbo brevissimo repando-undulato. Petala 5, ovato-triangularia, sestivatione valvata, apice incurvula, libera, intus l-nervia. Stamina 15, uni- serialia; filamenta compressa; anthere lineari-oblonge. Ovarium 5-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis. Siigma obscure 5-fidum, stylopodio subconico 5-angulato sulcato impositum. Drupa...—Arbor mediocris, glaberrima, inermis ; foliis digitato-5-foliolatis ; foliolis longe petiolulatis obovato-obtusis v. acutis in petiolum angustatis integerrimis; petiolo basi stipulato-dilatato; umbellis compositis exinvolucratis ; floribus viridiusculis.

This new genus, named in honour of Mr. J. G. Baker, of Thirsk, Yorkshire, a distinguished British botanist, and author of ‘North Yorkshire: Studies of its Botany, Geology, Climate, and Physical Geo- graphy,’ differs from Plerandra in having free petals, a definite number of stamens (15) arranged in a single series, and a 5-celled ovary; from Zetraplasandra, in having only 5 petals and a 5-celled ovary, and a different habit; from Reynoldsia, in having three times as many stamens as petals, and a 5-celled ovary; and from all the other genera of the Order in having 5 free petals, 15 stamens, and a 5-celled ovary. There is as yet only one species, viz. :—

1. B. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. 1l. c. (Tab. XXI.)—Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 209). Also collected in the same island (foliage only), twenty miles inland, and there plentiful, by Milne. :

A slender tree; petioles 4—5 inches long, petiolules 1 inch long; blade of leaflets 3-4 inches long, 13-2 inches broad; pedicels 4-angular, not articulated. :

EXPLANATION oF PLATE XX1.—Fig. 1, a flower-bud; 2, an open flower; 8, ovary; 4 and 5, sections of ovary,—all magnified. >

VII. Plerandra, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 729. t. 95; Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 241. Pedicelli inarticulati. Flores ecalyculati, polygami. Calyx tubo turbinato, limbo brevissimo post anthesin repando-undulato. Petala ovato-triangularia v. oblonga 5, calyptratim cohærentia, æstiva- tione valvata. Stamina co, oo-seriata; antheræ oblongæ. Ovarium 12—15-loculare, loculis l-ovu- latis. Stigma truncatum v. depressum, obsolete co-radiatum, stylopodio impositum. Drupa obovata, 12-15-pyrena; pyrenis l-spermis. Albumen æquabile.—Arbores inermes, glabre; foliis exstipu- latis digitatim 9-foliolatis; foliolis obovato-oblongis integerrimis; umbellis compositis.

1. P. Pickeringii, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 729. t. 95; petiolis fistulosis; foliolis oblongis Y. oblongo-obovatis acutis in petiolum attenuatis submembranaceis (1-13 ped. long.) supra viridibus subtus (siccitate) purpurascentibus; petalis oblongis; ovario 14-15-loculare; stylopodio conico; stigmate 14—15-radiato; drupa..... Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Milne, g Vola."—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 206), Vanua Levu, above Nady (Milne !).

2. P. Grayi, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 242 (Tab. XXII); petiolis solidis; foliolis obovatis v. obovato-oblongis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis coriaceis utrinque viridibus, subtus

118 FLORA VITIENSIS.

pallidioribus; petalis ovato-triangularibus; ovario 12-16-loculari; stigmate obscure oo-radiato, in floribus foemineis depressis, in fl. masculis stylopodio conico imposito; drupa obovata obscure 12-15- costata.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 208).

I have named this second species in honour of the illustrious founder of the genus, Professor Asa Gray. Itis a small tree. Petioles about a foot long, petiolules 1} inch long, or even shorter. The largest: (upper) leaflets 6-7 inches long, and 23 inches broad. Flowers greenish, the umbels on very long (l-14 foot long) peduncles, the whole inflorescence forming a gigantic compound umbel.

EXPLANATION OF Prare XXII., representing Plerandra Grayi.—Fig. 1, a male flower, the calyptrate petals just pushed off; 2, ovary; 3 and 4, sections of ovary :—all, except Fig. 1, slightly magnified.

The singular genus Meryta, Forst., which was shown by me (Bonplandia, 1862, p. 294) to be identical with Botryodendrum, Endl., will probably be found in Viti, as it has been met with in New Zealand, Nor- folk Island, the Isle of Pines, the Tongan, Samoan, and Society Islands. The position of Meryta in the Natural System is as yet undecided. Most authors, following Endlicher, refer it to Araliacee. Agardh (Theoria Syst. Plant. p. 231) is inclined to regard it as a separate Natural Order, analogous to Juglandee and Hippomanee, and closely allied to Araliacea, of which, he says, it is a lower, diclinous, and apetalous type. We have diclinous genera in Hederacee (Oreopanax for instance), but all the genuine Hederacee have a polypetalous corolla, and thus Meryta, if admitted, would be the only apetalous genus. Another peculiarity of Meryta is its highly-developed and valvate calyx, which removes it entirely from Hederacea, and shows it to be a member of the Natural Order Haloraginee. The two Forsters placed Meryta in Diecia Triandria and Solander, who, in his unpublished Flora, gave it the name * Neara," in Diccia Te- trandria. In the male flower there seem to be normally 4 calyx-lobes, and opposite to them 4 stamens; in the female flowers 8 calyx-lobes and 8 stigmas; but these numbers vary by abortion or excess. The generic charaeter would thus be remodelled :—

Meryta, Vorst. Char. Gen. t. 60 (Botryodendrum, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 62; Gen. Plant. n. 4563. Neara, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 339). Flores polygamo-dioici. Masc.: Calyx 3—4-partitus, laciniis wstivatione valvatis. Stamina 3—4, toro glanduleformi inserta, calycis laciniis opposita; filamenta fili- formia; anthere 2-loculares, introrse, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarii rudimentum nullum. Her- maphr.: Calyx tubo eum ovario connato, limbo supero, supra ovarium producto 5-9-, vulgo 8- partita, patente. Corolla 0. Stamina 5-9, disci epigyni margini inserta, calycis laciniis opposita, iisdem breviora, patentia. Ovarium inferum, 5-9-, vulgo 8-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, pendula, anatropa ; rhaphe ventrali, Styli 5-9, vulgo 8, intus stigmatosi, stellatim patentes. Drupa baccata, ovoidea v. oblonga, calycis limbo coronata, 5-9-locularis, loculis 1-spermis. Semina inversa. Embryo in axe albuminis cylin- draceus, curvatus; radicula supera.— Arbores mediocres, trunco elato simplici gracili, apice in ramos sim- plices diviso; foliis in apieibus ramorum alternatim approximatis, simplicibus penninerviis, capitulis florum involueratis in panieulum terminalem dispositis.

l. M. lanceolata, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 120. t. 60; Prodr. n. 558; Icon. (ined.) t. 299; Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 76. Neara longifolia, Sol. Prim. Ins. Fl. Pacif. p. 339 (ined.). Botryodendrum Taitense, Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 55 (sine char.) ; Nouv. Ann. Science. Nat. vol. vii. p. 349; A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 731, tab. 96. B. cerberoides et lancifolium, Rich in Herb. U. S. Expl. Exped.—Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Guillemin, “Toe Oë Phepara;" teste Solander, * Epuluwhi."— Tahiti (Forster! Banks and Solander! in e Brit.).—It may be useful to subjoin Solander's description of this plant, extracted from his MS.

ora :— i ; à;

" NEARA (Neapós,—recens, novus). Diacia Tetrandria. Mas.: Cal. nullus. Cor. petalula quatuor, oblonga, plana, acutiuscula, qualia. Stam. filamenta quatuor, filiformia, corolla longiora, divaricata. An- there oblongæ, erecte. Femina in distincta planta. Cal. perianthium octo-dentata: dentibus ovatis, acutis, parvis, subzequalibus. Cor. nulla. Pist. germen inferum, subrotundo-ovatum, magnum. Styli nulli. Stig- mata octo, reflexa, supra canaliculata. Per. subrotundum, glabrum, carnosum ? octo-loeulare.. Sem. ib: taria de apice loculamentorum pedicello dependentia. Fructificatio hujus generis precipue quoad fructum melius extricanda. 3

Nzama longifolia, ms. p. 1451. “Epuluw’hi,” Tahitensibus. Hab. in Tahiti. Frutex altus, totus. glabratus, Nerii seu Plumieri facie. Folia numerosa, circa apices ramorum sparsa, petiolata, oblan- ceolata, acuta, integerrima, glaberrima, coriacea, pedalia et longiora; rachi lata, parum convexa, utrinque simili. Pefioli palmares, rotundato-depressi. Panicule terminales, erecte, pedunculatz, florum mascu- lorum magne, ramosissime ; femineorum longs, angustiores: ramulis apice florigeris. Pedunculi crassitie digiti minimi, palmares. Masculi flores circiter octo vel decem, aggregati inter singulam squamam seu brac- team late ovatam acutam carnosam carinatam, in medio etiam carina transversali rugulosa preditam; his bracteis ramuli panieule fere cooperti. Calyx nullus. Corolla campanulata, interdum compressa, tetra-

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 119

petala. Petalis oblongis, acutis, planis, e flaviganti-albis, duas lineas longis. Filamenta quatuor, filiformia, fundo corolle inserta, petalis paulo longiora. Anthere oblongee, pallide flave, erecte. Feminei flores in apice ramulorum paniculæ subcapitati, duodecim ad quinquedecim sessiles, basi subconnati intra singulam bracteam. Bractee ovate, acuminate, vix quatuor lineas longe. Calyz ex herbaceo-albidus, plerumque octo-dentatus dentibus parvis, ovalis, acutis, apice conniventibus. Corolla nulla. Germen inferum, mag- num, subrotundo-ovatum, basi calycis indutum. Styli nulli. Stigmata octo, divaricatissima, reflexa, supra canaliculata. Pericarpium (adhue immaturum) crassum, carnosum, glabrum, subrotundum, 8-loculare. Semina solitaria."—Solander, * Primitive: Flore Insularum Oceani Pacifici,’ p. 339. 2. M. macrophylla, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 294. — Botryodendrum macrophyllum, Rich in A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 782, t. 97.—Samoan and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 8. M. latifolia, Seem, in Bonpl. l.c. p. 295. Botryodendrum latifolium, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 62; Ferd.’ . Bauer, Illustr. Pl. Norf. t. 183, 185, 209, 211 (ined.). Aralia macrophylla, Cunn. ex Loudon, Hort. Brit. Suppl. vol. i. p. 58.—Norfolk Island. Cultivated in European gardens. 4. M. angustifolia, Seem. in Bonpl. l. e. p. 295. Botryodendrum angustifolium, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 64; Ferd. Bauer, Illustr. Pl. Ins. Norf. t. 184, 208 (ined.).—Norfolk Island. 5 5. M. Sinclairii, Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 295; Hook. Handb. New Zeal. Fl. p. 104 (1865). Botryodendron Sinclairti, Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. vol. i. p. 95.—New Zealand (Sinclair! Colenso !). M. Denhami, Seem. in Bonpl. l.e. p. 295; foliis obovato-ellipticis utrinque attenuatis v. elongato- lineari-lanceolatis; calyce hermaphr. 5-9-partito, laciniis ovatis acuminatis v. acutis recurvis; stylis 5-9; ovario 5-9-loculare.—1sle of Pines, off New Caledonia (Capt. Denham's Expedition !).—Cultivated at Kew.

Orvo XLIX. CORNACEZ:.

I. Rhytidandra, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 302, et in Proceed. Am. Acad. vol. vi. p. 55. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvulus, tubo cum ovario connato, limbo cupulari truncato, margine 6-7-denticulato. Petala 6-7, linearia, conniventia, zestivatione valvata. Stamina 6-7, petalis alterna,

, eum iisdem inserta, libera; filamenta brevissima, intus barbata; antherze lineares, introrsum adnate, dithecæ, 4-locellatze, locellis transversim annulato-rugosis v. cameratis. Discus epigynus scutelli- formis. Ovarium inferum, l-loculare, l-ovulatum ; ovulo ex apice loculi parvi suspenso. Stylus elongatus, sulcatus, 2-fidus, lobis szepius apice 2-3-dentatis ; stigmatibus terminalibus parvis. Drupa ovata, subaeuminata (ultra pollicaris), sarcocarpio tenui, putamine osseo ruguloso. Seminis testa membranacea. Albumen carnosum, copiosum, per cotyledones tenui-foliaceas orbiculares fere 2-par- titum. Radicula supera, cylindrica, quam cotyledones dimidio brevior.—Frutex sarmentosus; foliis ovatis obliquis; pedunculis axillaribus cymulam paucifloram gerentibus. Species unica.

1. R. Vitiensis, A. Gray, l.c. p. 303. t. 28.—Viti Islands, particular habitat not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.). |

At first referred by A. Gray to Olacacee, but afterwards removed by him to the neighbourhood of Marlea. »

` Orvo L. LORANTHACEZE.

I. Viscum, Tournef. Inst. 380; Linn. Gen. n. 1105; Endl. Gen. n. 4584; Oliver in Journ. Linn. Soc; Lond. vol. vii. p. 103. Flores unisexuales, dioici v. monoici. . Masc. : Perigonium sim- plex, coriaceo-carnosum, 4-partitum, rarius 3—5-partitum, laciniis triangularibus, erectis, zestivatione valvatis. Antheræ numero loborum perigonii, singulze iisdem medio adnate, oc-cellulos:ze, poris oo dehiscentes. Ovarii rudimentum, glandulare v. sepius 0. Fcem.: Calyx tubo cum ovario connato, limbo obsoleto. Petala 4, nune 3 v. 5, coriaceo-carnosa, summo calyci inserta, valvata. Staminum rudimenta nulla. Ovarium inferum, 1-loculare; ovulo 1, pendulo. Stylus O v. brevis, stigmate obtuso. Bacca pulposa, l-sperma. Semen inversum. Embryones intra albumen carnosum siepis-

120 FLORA VITIENSIS.

sime plures; cotyledonibus brevibus, radicula supera.—Frutices super alias stirpes endogenas para- sitici, dichotome ramosi ; ramis teretibus, 4-gonis v. compressis, sepe articulatis; foliis oppositis aut rarissime alternis, nunc 0 v. squam:eformibus ; floribus spicatis v. fasciculatis.

There are two species of Viscum in Polynesia, V.articulatum, Burm., and V.moniliforme, Blume. The latter is confined to the Hawaiian Islands, where I found it chiefly on the Koa tree (Acacia Koa, A. Gray), and where it has also been found by Barclay and Nuttall. The two species are closely allied; V. monili- Jorme is, however, at once distinguished by its prominently-veined articulations and more crowded flowers.

l. V. G Aphylle Oliv.) articulatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 311; aphyllum; caule basi teretius- culo; ramis compressis articulatis, articulis elongatis substriatis latitudine sua decupla longioribus ; fasciculis florum ad apices articulorum oppositis sessilibus 1—3-floris.— V. compressum, Poir. Dict. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 861; Decaisne, Herb. Timor. p. 87; Fl. Jav. Loranth. t. 26. V. opuntiodes, Forst. Prodr. n. 369, et Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. non Linn.—On a Myrtacea, Taviuni (Seemann! n. 212), Vanua Levu, Ovalau, etc. (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Harvey!). Also found in the Society Islands (Forster! Barclay! Bertero! Capt. Cook !).

II. Loranthus, Linn. Gen. n. 443; Endl. Gen. n. 4586. Flores hermaphroditi, rarius abortu 1-sexuales, singuli 1-3-bracteati. Calycis tubus ovatus v. turbinatus, teres, cum ovario connatus, limbus superus brevis, truncatus, dentatus v. partitus. Petala 4-8, sepius 5-6, summo: calyci inserta, libera v. plus minus in tubum sæpius hine fissum coalita, :estivatione valvata, sub anthesi erecta, patentia v, apicibus reflexa. Stamina petalis numero squalia et opposita; filamenta iisdem basi v. ultra medium adnata, apice libera, eequalia v. alterna breviora, anthers introrse, 2-loculares basifixee v. adnate, erectze, nunc incumbéntes versatiles, loculis oppositis, longitudinaliter dehiscen- tibus. : Ovarium inferum, 1-loculare; ovulo 1, pendulo. Stylus filiformis; stigma simplex, capita- tum v. turbinatum. Bacca ovata v. turbinata, vertice nuda v. calycis limbo coronata, 1-locularis, 1- - sperma. Semen inversum. Embryo intra albuminis cavitatem excentricam rectus v. curvatus ; cotyledonibus brevibus, distinctis v. cohzrentibus, radicula supera.—Frutices dichotome ramosi, parasitici; foliis oppositis v. alternis integerrimis, sepissime carnoso-coriaceis; floribus in spicas corymbas v. panieulas axillares aut terminales dispositis, rarius umbellatis v. subcapitatis, rarissime glomeratis, viridibus croceis v. flavicantibus, szepissime puniceis v. purpureis, ob diversam petalorum longitudinem et varium cohesionis gradum variis.

“ Loranthus,” says Oliver, “is figured by Blume, Griffith, and others, as with abundant albumen; and so I find it in the seeds of the Indian species which I have examined. In ZL. Europeus, too, it is abundant. I cannot doubt, therefore, that Mr. Miers has had old or decayed fruits for examination, in which the

albumen had shrivelled up from the enclosed embryo, and that the albumen has been taken for a layer of the pericarp (putamen)."

We have in tropical Polynesia, besides, the two species of Loranthus mentioned below, L. Stelis, Forst. Prodr. n. 157. et Icon. Ined. t. 109; Parkins. D ings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 41, from Tahiti, ( Willes

and Smith! Forster in Mus. Brit). In Parkinson's beautiful figure the flowers are orange towards the

base and greenish on the outside, purplish on the inside of the upper part of the petals.

l. L. (Dendrophthoe) insularum, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 738. t. 98; glaber; ramis tereti- bus; foliis oppositis petiolatis ovatis obtusis subquintuplinerviis vix venosis; pedunculis axillaribus brevibus racemoso-co-floris; pedicellis 3-floris; floribus (sesqui-bipollicaribus) 6—7-meris.— Vanua Levu and Viti Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann !), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 211), Nairai (Milne !). Also collected in the Samoan and Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

This is very frequent on Znocarpus edulis, in the lower coast region; flowers red, often yellow towards the base.

2. L. (Dendrophthoe) Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) (Tab. XXIII.) Seem. ; glaber; ramis teretibus ; folis oppositis petiolatis ellipticis, obtusis triplinerviis crassis vix venosis; pedunculis axillaribus corymbosis; pedicellis 3-floris; floribus (sesqui-bipollicaribus) 5—6-meris, singulatim 1-bracteatis ;

FLORA VITIENSIS. à 121

ovario basi rotundato.—Buke Levu, island of Kadavu, and Voma Peak, Viti Levu, 4000 feet above the sea (Seemann! n. 210).

This Loranthus was seen only on the highest mountains of Viti, and is a more beautiful species than L. insularum, to which it approaches very closely. The branches are straight and stiff, the leaves 2-23 inches long (including petiole) and $-1 inch broad. The petals are bright crimson, tipped with dark, purple, and the anthers yellow. The berry is dark purple. r

EXPLANATION oF Prats XXIII.—1, a flower-bud; 2, flower, open; 3, stamen; 4, upper part ot anther; 5, calyx and pistil; 6, a peduncle, with ripe fruit; 7, a single ripe fruit; 8 and 9, sections of ripe fruit :—all, except fig. 6, magnified,

Orpo LI. RUBIACEZE.

Susorvo I. CHINCHONACEZE, —Semina in loculis cc. Trisus I. CHINCHON EZE.— Fructus capsularis. Semina alata.

Of this Tribe there are in Polynesia, besides the three species of Dolicholobium, Nauclea Forsteri, Seem. (N. orientalis, Forst. Prodr. n. 85, non alior., Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 225, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 20), from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Wiles and Smith !), and Badusa corymbifera, A. Gray in Proceed. Am. Acad. vol. iv. (Chinchona corymbifera, Forst. Prodr. n. 88, et Icon. (ined.) t. 49), from the Tongan Islands (Forster! Nelson! Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.! Mathews! Harvey !). |

I. Dolicholobium, A. Gray in Proceedings of Amer. Acad. vol. iv. p. 308. Calyx tubo cylindrico elongato; limbo amplo submembranaceo cyathiformi truncato integerrimo (rarius sub- lobato) persistente. . Corolla hypocraterimorpha; limbo 4—5-partito, lobis oblongis obtusissimis oc- ` herviis wstivatione contortis. Stamina 4-5, tubo infra faucem inserta, glabra, inclusa; filamenta brevissima ; antheræ lineares, basifixæ, introrsum adnate. Stylus 2-fidus, ramis subspathulatis sur- sum petaloideo-dilatatis intus secus costam stigmatosis. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in placentis elongatis crassis ©, minuta, sursum imbricata, acicularia. Capsula siliquzeformis, cylindrica, longis- sima (4—6-pollicaris), calycis limbo crateriformi (fructu multoties latiori) plerumque coronata, demum septicida? Semina creberrima, nucleo ovali, ala angusta utrinque in caudam simplicem longissi- mam sensim attenuata. Embryo in albumine parco carnoso rectus; cotyledonibus ovatis radicula infera parum brevioribus.— Frutices erecti; foliis petiolatis membranaceis, recte penninerviis, venulis pulchre reticulatis; stipulis interpetiolaribus membranaceo-foliaceis distinctis obtusis planis plerum- que caducis; pedunculis brevibus ex axillis superioribus 3-paucifloris; floribus majuseulis; tubo calycis et coroll; albze extus pube appressa indutis.

À genus.allied to Cosmibuena, and as yet not found out of the Viti Islands. :

1. D. oblongifolium, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. l.c.; foliis oblongis seu elon- - gato-oblongis utrinque acutiusculis (21-5 poll. longis) ; flore 5-mero.—- Bua or Sandalwood Bay and Nady, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Milne!), Viti Levu (Milne !). ; |

3. D. latifolium, A. Gray, l.c.; ramulis stipulis petiolisque rufo-villosis; foliis latissime ob- ovatis basi rotundatis v. obtusissimis (5-7 poll. longis) ; flore 4-mero (an semper ?).—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). - aires MEN

3. D. longissimum, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 256 (Tab. XXV.) ; foliis ovalibus v. ob- ovatis obtusis basi acutis supra glabriusculis subtus pubescenti-hirsutis et ad costas venasque villosis ; flore 5-mero.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 215). uu an

Asa Gray thought this might possibly be a variety of D. latifolium, with less ample leaves and more

[PUBLISHED APRIL 2,| 866.] : D iu D R

122 FLORA VITIENSIS.

downy underneath, but his specimens were not complete enough to settle the question. I have myself little doubt that D. longissimum is a distinct species.

Expianation oF Prare XXV.—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, part of corolla and pistil; 3, pistil and part of calyx; 4, a stamen; 5, a capsule, nearly ripe:—all, with the exception of. ‘fig. 5, magnified.

Tribus II. GARDENIEZ.—Fructus baccatus, 2- v. abortu 1-locularis.

Besides the species mentioned below, we have in tropical Polynesia of this tribe: Gouldia Sandwichen- sis, A. Gray in Proceed. Am. Acad. vol. ‘iv. (Kadua affinis, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linn. vol. iv. p. 164; Petesia (?) terminalis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 85; Petesia coriacea, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p- 85), atd G. Romanzoffiensis, A. Gray, l.c. (Kadua Romanzoffiensis, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linn. vol. iv. p. 162, to which A. Gray refers—erroneously, I think—P. carnosa, Hook. et Arn.). Both these species are indigenous to the Hawaiian group and Romanzoff Island.

II. Gardenia, Ellis in Linn. Gen. n. 296; Endl. Gen. n. 3305. Calyx tubo ovato, levi v. costato, limbo tubuloso, truncato, dentato, fisso v. partito. Corolla infundibuliformis v. hypocrateri- morpha, tubo calycem longe superante, fauce glabra, limbi 5-9-partiti laciniis zestivatione contortis, sub anthesi patentibus. Antheræ 5-9, lineares, ad faucem coroll: sessiles, subexserte. Ovarium dissepimentis 2-5 ad axim deliquescentibus, l-loculare. Ovula in placentis dissepimentis insertis co, horizontalia. Stylus simplex; stigma clavatum, 2-dentatum v. 2-fidum, lobis incrassatis erectis, Bacca carnosa, calycis limbo coronata, intus chartacea v. nucleata, incomplete 2—5-locularis. Semina co, minuta, placentis parietalibus carnosis immersa. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi.rectus; co- tyledonibus foliaceis, radicula tereti, vaga.— Arbores v. frutices, inermes v. armati; foliis oppositis - rariusve verticillatis, ovalibus; stipulis interpetiolaribus integris; floribus axillaribus v. terminalibus, plerumque solitariis, albis, demum flavescentibus, ssepius odoratis.

Besides the species enumerated below, there are in New Caledonia, according to Vieillard (Ann. Se. Nat. (ser. iv.) vol. xvi. p. 65), four Gardenie, which he has briefly described as G. Aubryi, Vieill., G. Ou- diepe, Vieill, G. sulcata (?), Gertn., and G. edulis, Vieill. Like G. Vitiensis, all of them produce a gum resin at the top of the nascent ‘branches, which is collected and used by the natives for caulking their canoes, and other useful purposes. In 1774 W. Anderson collected an unnamed Gardenia, with opposite rough leaves, in New Caledonia, which may prove identical with @. Aubryi, Vieill. It has vaginate stipules, like G. Vitiensis.

1. G. Taitensis, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 380; früticosa, erecta, inermis, glabra, ad apices ramorum resinosa; foliis oppositis obovatis subsessilibus ; stipulis latis connatis persistentibus breve - acuminatis; floribus ad axillas supremas solitariis pedicellatis ; calycis tubo angulato, limbo 3—4- partito; stigmate 2-fido, cruribus longis acutis; bacca . . . —G. florida, Forst. Prodr. n. 122, non Linn.; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 31.— Viti Islands, exact locality not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Forster! Banks and Solander !), and Tongan Islands (Forster !).@ Greeffe (n. 28) found it in Wallis Island.

2. G. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XXVI.) ; fruticosa, erecta, inermis, glabra, ad apices ramorum resinosa; foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis ovalibus v. obovatis breviter acuminatis basi acutis; stipulis vaginantibus; floribus (albis odoratis) terminalibus solitariis; calycis tubo infundi- buliformi levi, limbo 3-partito, laciniis linearibus corollz 5-partitæ sub:equalibus ; stigmate clavato ; ovario 3-loculari; bacca ignota.—Northern coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 218).

This is a very distinct species, about 3 feet high. The young leaf-buds are thickly covered with a gum resin, which is transparent and of a greenish-yellow colour. I have not heard of its being used by the Vitians, as that of sevcral other species is by the New Caledonians. The leaves are 11-2 inches broad, and 3-4 inches long. The flowers are milk-white, and emit a delightful scent. The ripe fruit is unknown.

ExPLANATION OF Puare XXVI., representing Gardenia Vitiensis.—1, ealyx; 2, a flower-bud, open, and the calyx removed ; 3, corolla; 4, anther; 5, pistil; 6, cross-section of ovary,—all slightly magnified.

9. G. () pentagonioides, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arbuscula 8-10 ped., glabra; trunco erecto sim- plici; folis oppositis oblongis acuminatis in petiolum alatum decurrentibus; stipulis ovatis longe

FLORA VITIENSIS. 123

Ed attenuatis; baccis terminalibus solitariis geminisve, ovatis corticatis albidis 2-locularibus, loculis co-spermis; seminibus horizontalibus in pulpa nidulantibus, 2-serialibus, compressis.— Woods of So- mosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 219). :

This little tree reminded me very much of the different species of Pentagonia, and grows as underwood as they do. When the flowers shall have become known, it may probably turn out to be the type of a new genus allied to Gardenia and Genipa; provisionally it may be referred to Gardenia. It is a large-leaved plant, of which I only saw one specimen. The petioles are 7-8 inches long, and the blade of the leaf 11-2 feet long, and 8-10 inches broad. The fruit is as large as a good-sized walnut, and has a smooth whitish surface. ‘The seeds are flat, and placed horizontally.

III. Mussznda, Linn. Gen. n. 241; Endl. Gen. n. 3313. Calyx tubo oblongo turbinato, limbi 5-partiti demum decidui lobis erectis acutis, uno exteriorum interdum producto in folium petiolatum, amplum, reticulato-venosum, coloratum. Corolla infundibuliformis, fauce villosa, limbo 5-partito. Antherz 5, intra corolle faucem sessiles, lineares, incluse v. subexserte. Ovarium 2- loculare. Ovula in placentis e medio dissepimento utrinque stipitatis revoluto-bilobis plurima, hori- zontalia, anatropa. Bacca subglobosa, apice denudata, 2-locularis. Semina plurima, parva, lenti- culari-compressa, scabrida. Embryo in basi albuminis dense carnosi minimus; radicula crassa, umbilico proxima, centripeta.—Arbuscule v. frutices; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, ovatis, villosis v. glabris, stipulis utrinque binis, liberis v. basi concretis, acuminatis; floribus terminalibus, corym- bosis, bracteis sub pedicellis et corymbi ramis parvis.

1. M. frondosa, Linn. Spec. 251; foliis ovalibus acuminatis, ramulis corymbisque puberulis ; stipulis subulatis; corymbo terminali subpaniculato; calycis lobis elongatis subulatis, uno petiolato ovato acuminato membranaceo puberulo (albo) ; corolla flava.—M. formosa, Linn. Mant. 338; Forst. leon. (ined.) t. 56 et 57. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Bovu."— Common throughout Viti (Seemann ! n. 238; Milne! Harvey!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Harvey !), Aneitum (Milne !), Solomon group (Milne!), and Wallis Island (Greffe!). Common in India and the Archipelago.

IV. Stylocoryne, Cav. Icon. vol. iv. p. 45. t. 368; Endl. Gen. n. 3293. Calyx tubo turbi- nato, limbo 5-dentato v. 5-partito, persistente. Corolla infundibuliformis v. hypocraterimorpha, limbi 4—5-partiti lobis patentibus v. recurvis. Stamina 4-5; filamenta brevissima; antherz longe lineares, exsertz. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in placentis parvis medio dissepimento utrinque in- sertis 2 v, oo, amphitropa. Stylus filiformis, exsertus; stigma incrassatum clavatum v. fusiforme, indivisum. Bacca globosa, 2-locularis v. rarissime abortu 1-locularis, l-sperma. Semina pauca v. oo, angulata, umbilico ventrali rugoso. Embryo in albumine subcartilaginea subdorsalis; coty- ledonibus foliaceis parvis, radicula cylindrica, in diversis infera, centrifuga v. centripeta.— A rbores V. frutices inermes; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, stipulis intrafoliaceis, latis, breve acuminatis, corymbis v. cymis terminalibus, axillaribus v. oppositifoliis ; floribus albis, fra- grantibus v. foetidis. ane

l. S. coffeeoides, A. Gray in Proceed. of Amer. Acad. vol. iv. excl. syn. Forst. et Hook. et Arn.; ramis teretibus; foliis elliptico-oblongis basi acutis apice acuminatis glabris; paniculis axilla- ribus dichotomis laxis folio dimidio brevioribus, corolla hypocraterimorpha, lobis 5 tubo longioribus. —Coffea cymosa, B. cyma laxiore, Forst. mss. Stylocoryne racemosa, Cav. Icon. vol. iv. t. 368. — Viti, but exact locality not specified (Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.). Also collected in Tana, New Hebrides (Forster!), Wallis Island (Sir E. Home! Greeffe! n. 32), Tongan (Barclay! Harvey !) and Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). : ;

The question raised by A. Gray, whether Hooker and Arnott’s Stylocoryne racemosa, from Tahiti, Cavanilles’ Stylocoryne racemosa, from the Philippine Islands, and Forster’s Coffea odorata, from Tana and Tonga, are identical, I can partly answer. Hooker and Arnott’s S. racemosa is nothing but S. sambucina,

R2

124 : FLORA VITIENSIS.

judging from the authentic specimens at Kew, and Forster’s Coffea odorata is a Canthium, judging from the authentie materials existing at the British Museum. As Forster gave the mss. name Coffea cymosa to this plant, A. Gray's name, S. coffizoides, may be retained. Whether Cavanilles’ S. racemosa is absolutely iden-

_tical I am not able to decide satisfactorily ; but the figure published by Cavanilles (making allowance for the primitive manner in which it is executed) is sufficiently like 8. coffeoides to justify us in retaining it as a synonym.

2. S. sambucina, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. ; ramis tetragonis; foliis ovali- v. oblongo-ellipticis acutiusculis, basi angustatis submembranaceis; panicula terminali corymbosa bre- vissime pedunculata laxe co-flora; calycis laciniis latis obtusis ; corollze puberulæ lobis 5 tubo brevio- ribus.—Coffea sambucina, Forst. Prodr. n. 92, et Icon. (ined.) 51. Pavetta sambucina, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 492. Chiococca sambucina, Spr. Syst. vol. i. p. 756. Stylocoryne pepericarpa, Benth. in Hook. London Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 223. Stylocoryne racemosa, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 64, non Cav. , Rondeletioides, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 511. Rondeletioides tetragona, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 377 (ined.). Rondeletia tetragona, Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 23 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Tahit., teste Solander, * Manono."—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 242; Barclay ! Harvey !). Also collected in the Tongan (Forster! Barclay!) and Society Islands (Banks and So- lander! D. Nelson! Lay and Collie !).

Parkinson figures and Solander describes fruiting specimens only. A tree 40 feet high. Flowers white, fetid.

Very much like S. sambucina in look is Coffea opulina, Forst. Prodr. n. 93 (Pavetta opulina, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 492. Chiococca opulina, Spr. Syst. vol. i. p. 756. Stylocoryne corymbosa, Labill. Austr. Caled, t. 48. Olostyla corymbosa, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 440. Gardenia corymbosa, Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 106), from New Caledonia (W. Anderson! Forster! Sir E. Home!), Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home!), and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !); but the corolla is quite glabrous, and at the base of the inflorescence there are large bracts, which at once distinguishes the plant from Stylocoryne sambucina.

3. S. Harveyi, A. Gray in Proceed. of Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; glaberrima; folis chartaceis oblongis acuminatis basi in petiolum longiusculum contractis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque petiolum vix superantibus subsessilibus; calycis limbo 4-fido, lobis 3-angulari-subulatis tubo vix brevioribus; corolle lobis 4 lineari-oblongis tubo longioribus, fauce imberbi.— Viti, locality not specified (Harvey !).

Allied to S. eoffeoides, according to A. Gray.

V. Pelagodendron, (gen. nov.) Seem. Calyx tubo obovato, limbo clauso, demum irregulariter fisso, persistente. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo brevi, limbo 5-partito, lobis æstivatione imbri- catis. Stamina 5, intra corollze faucem inserte; filamenta brevissima; anther lineares. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in placentis dissepimento utrinque adnatis oo, horizontalia., Stylus brevis; stigma crassum, 2-lobum, glabrum. Bacca corticata, 2-locularis. Semina in loculis oo, in pulpa nidu- lantia, orbieulata, subcompressa, horizontalia. Embryo intra albumen cartilagineum rectus, coty- ledonibus subfoliaceis, radicula longiuscula, tereti.— Frutex glaber, foliis oppositis oblongis v. ovato- oblongis acunfinatis, basi obtusis v. acutis; stipulis ovatis acuminatis caducis; floribus axillaribus fasciculatis albis; baccis obovatis.

Allied to Griffithia, Gymnopachys, and Randea, from all of which it differs by its peculiar calyx, stigma, and direction of the ovules, ete. There is as yet only one species known.

l. P. Vitiense, (sp. nov.) Seem.—lIsland of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 240).

Trisvus III. HEDYOTIDEZE.— Fructus capsularis, loculicide valvatus v. rarissime evalvis. Semina aptera.

Of this tribe we have in tropical Polynesia, besides the species enumerated or incidentally alluded to below: Dentella repens, Forst. Prodr. n. 98, et Icon. (ined.) t. 54, from New Caledonia (Forster !), Bikkia tetrandra, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. (B. grandiflora, Reinw. Portlandia, Forst. Prodr. n. 86, et Icon. ined. t. 48; Hoffmannia Amicorum, Spreng. Syst. vol.i. p. 416; Petesia carnea,

FLORA VITIENSIS. COT ED

Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 64), from the Society Islands (Lay and Collie !), Low Island (Capt. Cook !) Savage Island (Forster!), Fotuna (Milne!), Tobie Island (Barclay !), Tongan Islands (Nelson! Mathews! Harvey ), and New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray ), and a new allied genus from New Caledonia.* We have also the genus Kadua, confined to the Sandwich Islands, and of which A. Gray (Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.) enumerates ten species, viz. 1. K. centranthoides, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 85, collected by Nelson !, Macrae!, Nuttall!, and Menzies!; 2. K. glomerata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 85; 3. K. cordata, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, vol. iv. p. 160 (Wiegmannia glauca, Meyen, Reise, vol. ii. p. 189), which I have seen from Nuttall! and Menzies!; 4. K. Cookiana, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, vol. iv. p. 158; 5. K. parvula, A. Gray, l.c, collected by D. Nelson!; 6. K. glaucifolia, A. Gray, l.e.; 7. K. Menziesiana, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, vol. iv. p. 160 (Hedyotis coriacea, Smith; H. conostyla, Gaud.; Kadua Smithii, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 86), collected by Menzies!; 8. K. acuminata, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, vol. iv. p. 163; 9. K. petiolata, A. Gray, l. c., and var. ovalifolia; and 10. K. grandis, A. Gray, l.c. Kadua affinis and K. Romanzoffiensis have been referred to the genus Gouldia in Eugardenice.

VI. Hedyotis, Linn. Gen. n. 118; Endl. Gen. n. 3240 e. Calyx tubo ovato v. globoso, limbo 4-fido, laciniis in fructu patentibus, sinu angusto separatis. Corolla breviter tubulosa, tubo vix lim- bum calycis zquante, fauce pilosa. Stamina exserta; filamenta brevia; anthere ovate. Ovarium inferum. Capsula subglobosa, nucamentacea, vertice breviter exserto styli basi persistente mucro- nata,indehiscens v. tardius dehiscens. Semina pauca, peltata.—Suffrutices, ramis procumbentibus divaricatis; foliis venoso-lineatis, stipulis ]-oo-setis; floribus axillaribus corymbosis v. capitatis, pedunculatis v. sessilibus.—Huhedyotis, Wight et Arn. Prodr. p. 411; A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. : Acad. vol. iv.

Hedyotis gracilis, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 419, from New Caledonia (Labillardiére), which must look very much like Oldenlandia tenuifolia, and H. Laperousii, DC. l. e. p. 420, from Vanikoro (Lesson), have not been met with in Viti, and must be re-examined now that the limits of Hedyotis and allied genera are more clearly defined. |

l. H. Cratzeogonum, Spreng. Pug. vol. ii. p. 35; caule tereti glabro articulato; foliis lanceo- latis acuminatis venosis; stipulis setoso-laceris; floribus sessilibus glomerato-verticillatis.—DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 420; Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. p. 25. t. 10.—A common weed throughout Viti (See- mann! n. 235; Harvey! Milne!). Also collected in the Solomon group (Milne!). -

My plant has not the leaves seabrous, as those of the Java plant are described to be, but otherwise it does not seem to differ from it. It is closely allied to H. venosa, Korth., but differs in shape of leaf and general glabrousness.

VII. Oldenlandia, Linn. Gen. n. 154; Endl. Gen. n. 3240 g. Calyx tubo ovato v. globoso, limbo 4-dentato v. -fido, lobis v. dentibus in fructu erectis. Corolla breviter tubulosa, infundibuli- formis v. subrotata, fauce glabra v. villosa. Stamina exserta; filamenta brevia; anthere ovatze v. orbiculate. Ovarium inferum v. semiinferum, 2-loculare. Ovula in placentis dissepimento utrin- que adnatis, oo, horizontalia, anatropa. Capsula ovato-subglobosa, apice breviter exserto, rimula

* Tarea (gen. nov. Hedyotidearum), Seem. Calyx tubo oblongo, limbo 5-lobo, lobis insequalibus lan- ceolatis. Corolla pentagono-infundibuliformis, tubo brevi, limbo 5-fido, lobis 3-angularibus acutis, zstiva- tione plicato-valvatis. Stamina 5, ima basi coroll: insert: ; filamenta elongata; antherz lineares. Ovarium oblongum, 2-loeulare, loculis oo-ovulatis, ovulis suborbieulagibus compressis in utroque loculo 2-seriatis adscendentibus imbricatis, stylo elongato; stigma indivisum. Capsula inequilatere pentagono-oblonga. Cet. ign. Frutex glaber, inermis ; foliis oppositis, obovatis breviter acuminatis v. obtusis; pedunculis axil- laribus 3-5-fidis; floribus magnis, pulchris, albis.—Species unica, T. portlandioides, Seem. mss. Kanala, New Caledonia (Vieillard! n. 890). Corolla 2 inches long, with 5 prominent ribs between the lobes. Stamens and style slightly exserted ; filaments hairy towards the base, and merely adhering to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers slightly twisted in a dried state. This new genus l have named in honour of Mr. Ralph Tate, F.G.S., author of a Florà of Belfast and an Enumeration of Shetland Plants. It is closely related to Bikkia and Portlandia. From the former it differs by its pentamerous flowers, from the latter in having adscending (not horizontal) ovules, overlapping each other. On account of its

beauty, it is fully deserving the attention of the horticulturist.

126 FLORA VITIENSIS.

loculicide aperta. Semina oo, angulares v. globosa, sepius obpyramidalia v. trihedra.—Herbee alsi- noidez, rarissime fruticulose ; foliis oppositis, mediante stipula l-pauciseta coadunatis, pedunculis axillaribus v. terminalibus, 1-2—co-floris, sepius elongatis gracilibus.— Karamyschewia, Fisch. et Meyer, teste A. Gray.—4A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.

Besides the two species enumerated below, we have in tropical Polynesia O. fwtida, Forst. Prodr. n. 55

et Icon. (ined.) t. 27, from the Tongan Islands (Forster !), Palmerston Island (Nelson 5, and Savage Island (W. Anderson !). i

l. O. tenuifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 57, et Icon. (ined.) t. 28 non Burm.; caule erecto 4-gono ramoso; foliis linearibus utrinque attenuatis; stipulis subciliatis subscariosis ; pedunculis axillaribus l-floris folio brevioribus, florentibus reflexis, fructiferis erectis.—Hedyotis tenuifolia, Smith in Rees’ Encycl. 17. n. 19.—Common on roadsides throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 231; Harvey!). Also collected in Tana (Forster! W. Anderson !).

2. O. paniculata, Linn. Spec. 1667 ; glabra, erectiuscula, ramosa; ramis 4-gonis; foliis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis; stipulis parvis indivisis; racemis axillaribus terminalibusque ; pedicellis folio longioribus; corolla tubo gibbo fauce tenuiter villosa. DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 427.—O. debilis, Forst. Prodr. n. 56. DC. Prodr. l.c. p. 428. Hedyotis racemosa, Lam. Dict. vol. iii. p.276; HL 4-62. fig. 2,—Abundant in waste places throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 233 et 234). Also collected in the

Tongan Islands (Forster! Nelson!), Fotuna (Milne!), and Aneitum and Eromanga, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

VIII. Ophiorrhiza, Linn. Flor. Zeyl. 402; Endl. Gen. n. 3245. Calyx tubo brevi turbinato, limbo 5-fido, persistente. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo amplo, calycis limbum superante, fauce barbata, limbi 5-fidi lobis brevibus ovatis obtusis. Stamina 5, inclusa v. exserta; filamenta brevia; antherze lanceolate, erecte. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso. Ovula in placentis cylin- dricis liberis, e basi loculorum erectis co, anatropa. Stylus inclusus v. exsertus; stigma 2-lobum. Capsula lata, compressa, 2-lobo-mitrzformis, limbo calycino coronata, 2-locularis, vertice rimula locu- licida dehiscens. Semina oo, minima, subhexagona. Embryo in axi albuminis dense carnosi ortho- tropus, cylindricus; radicula umbilico contigua.—Herbe suffrutices v. frutices; foliis oppositis v. verticillatis petiolatis membranaceis, sepius magnitudine inzqualibus, stipulis utrinque geminis, ovatis, subtriangularibus v. setaceis, deciduis v. persistentibus, pedunculis axillaribus et terminalibus solitariis 1-floris v. seepius apice cymosis, ramulis subumbellatis, floribus secus ramulos unilaterali- bus, sessilibus v. pedicellatis, corollis albis carneis v. purpurascentibus.

We are at present aequainted with seven Polynesian species of this genus, four, discovered in Captain Cook's voyages, being indigenous to the Society Islands, and three to Viti. The species I have named O. Solandri differs from all the other Ophiorrhizas of this region by its peduncles being much longer than the leaves, its rugose leaves, and setaceous stipules. O. Nelsoni, Seem., is a large-leaved species, with ovate, fimbriate, and persistent stipules, and a many-flowered cyme, shorter than the leaves. O. Tahitensis, Seem., has stipules, which at the base are ovate, and suddenly terminate in a long setaceous apex; O. sub- umbellata, Forst., described and figured by Forster with alternate leaves, has, in Forster’s authentic speci- mens, opposite ones. O. lara and O. leptantha—if indeed they be two distinct species—have setaceous. stipules. On O. peploides I cannot find any stipules, unless some of the leaves of each whorl are regarded as such as those of Galium, ete. are. The four Tahitian species may be thus defined :—

O. Nelsoni, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; suffruticosa; ramis junioribus petiolis eymisque ferrugineo-puberulis ; foliis oppositis petiolatis oblongis v. lanceolato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum an- gustatis, supra viridibus, subtus discoloribus ; stipulis late ovatis fimbriatis persistentibus; eymis terminali- bus co-floris, folio brevioribus; floribus sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis; bracteis filiformibus; corolla gracili bipollieari; genitalibus inelusis.—Tahiti (David Nelson !)—Petioles 1 inch long; blade of leaf 3-6 inehes long, 1-2 inches broad.

.. O. subumbellata, Forst. Prodr. n. 66, et Icon. (ined.) t. 37; fruticosa, glabra; foliis oppositis lanceolatis v. ovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis basi aeutis v. obtusis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus; stipulis

FLORA VITIENSIS. 127

subtriangularibus minutis deciduis; eymis axillaribus terminalibusque paucifloris folio multo brevioribus; corolla gracili pollieari; staminibus inelusis.—Society Islands (Forster!) .—Leaves resembling those of O. laxa, about 24-8 inches long, 6-9 lines broad. :

O. Tahitensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; fruticosa; ramulis petiolis cymisque puberulis; foliis oppositis, cuneato-obovatis acuminatis, supra viridibus subtus albidis; stipulis ovatis abrupte elon- gato-apiculatis deciduis; cymis terminalibus paucifloris folio multo brevioribus; corolla gracili. pollicari ; arias. inclusis; fruct. ign.— Tahiti (D. Nelson!)—Leaves 3-4 inches long, in the broadest part 1-13 inch.

O. Solandri, Seem.; annua, glabra; foliis oppositis petiolatis lanceolatis acutis rugosis, utrinque con- coloribus, costis supra purpurascentibus; stipulis setaceis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque 2—5-floris folio longioribus; corolla gracili, pollieari v. ultra; staminibus inclusis.—O. rugosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 219, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 11 (ined.), non Wall. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, * Evayanu no the mona."—Tahiti (Banks and Solander!).—Radia annua, fibrosa. Caules teretes, vix pedales, basi deeumbentes, ibidemque sordide rubentes, dein erecti, ramosi. Rami pauci. Folia opposita, petiolata, lanceolata, acuta, integerrima, glabra, valde rugosa, venosa, venis remotiusculis, circiter quadriuncialia. Petioli foliis octuplo breviores. Pedunculi terminales et axillares, ex unica tantummodo axilla non ex opposita, solitarii, filiformes, erecti, foliis longiores, circiter 5 uncias longi. Panicula subdichotoma, brevis, pauciflora ; pedicellis alternis brevioribus. Stipula filiformi-subulata, ad exortum pedicellorum. Calyz monophyllus quinqueangulato-anceps basi sua germen includens, persistens, unam lineam altus, quinquedentatus; dentibus parvis, e lata basi subulatis, erectis, equalibus. Corolla monopetala, infundibuliformis. wbus cylindraceus, longissimus, uncialis, crassitie penne passerine, extus glaber, amoena ruber, intus supra medium villis albis raris adspersus. Limbus planiusculus, albus, brevis, quinquepartitus; /acinie oblongo-lanceolate, acute, glabra, crassiuscule (1j lin. longe). Staminum fila- menta quinque, filiformia, alba, tubo infra medium inserta, illoque breviora. Anthere oblongo-lineares, erectz, pallide flavicantes, infra faucem subrecondite. Pistilli germen fundo calycis immersum, anceps, su- perne longitudinaliter fissum. Stylus filiformis, rectus, longitudine staminum. Stigmata duo, oblonga, crassiuscula. Pericarpii capsula fundo calycis induta, illiusque dentibus latere coronata, compressa, lata, subdidyma, rubescens, bilocularis, superne dehiscens; dissepimentum contrarium. Semina numerosissima, subrotunda, parva, circa conceptaculum globosum dense stipata." Sol. mss.

1. O. peploides, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. ; herbacea, pumila, diffuse ramosa ; ramis puberulis foliosis; foliis parvis 2-6-natis vel pseudo-verticillatis spathulatis seu ovato-spathu- latis basi longe attenuatis glabris; floribus subsolitariis glabris; filamentis filiformibus cum stylo ex- sertis.—On the banks of rivers and rivulets, Ovalau, Matuku, Taviuni, and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 228; M‘Gillivray! U. S. Expl. Exped.! Harvey! Milne! Greffe !).

= A very distinct-looking species; the leaves resemble those of Peplis Portula.

2. O. leptantha, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. ; suffruticosa, fere glabra; foliis op- positis petiolatis læte viridibus oblongo- v. elongato-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis ; stipulis utrinque 2 setaceist cyma oo-flora puberula; floribus plerisque secundis subsessilibus ; corolla (alba) gracili pollicari, ore tenuissime barbato; staminibus inclusis; filamentis antherz :equilongis; stylo glabro. — Rather common in Viti Levu, Gau, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 229; Harvey ! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. O. laxa, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; suffruticosa ; ramis junioribus sepe fer- rugineo-puberulis; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis oblongis v. subovatis acuminatis; stipulis utrin- que 2 setaceis; cymis pauci-plurifloris laxis; floribus pedicellatis; corolla semipollieari; cat. fere procedentis, sed ramosior laxior.—With the preceding, generally growing on the outskirts of woods (Seemann! n. 227; Milne! U.S. Expl. Exped.). .

_ A. Gray thinks these two last species confluent, and future investigation will probably confirm that opinion. l

TX. Lerchia, Linn. Mant. Plant. p. 155; Bennett, Plant. Horsf. p. 98. t. 23; Endl. Gen. Suppl. i. n. 3251/1. Calyx tubo obovato, limbo 5-fido v. -dentato. Corolla infundibuliformis, fauce barbata, limbi 5-fidi lobis sstivatione valvatis. Stamina 5; filamenta brevia; antherz ex- sertz. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso, demum. aucto. Ovula in placentis hemisphz- ricis, medio dissepimento utrinque insertis oo. Stylus filiformis ; stigma 2-partitum, lobis linearibus,

128 FLORA VITIENSIS.

conniventibus. Capsula disco coronata, 2-locularis, 2-partibilis, coccis dehiscentibus.—Frutices hu- miles; foliis oppositis membranaceis; stipulis interpetiolaribus integris; cymis condensatis v. spica- tim elongatis; floribus parvis. :

To R. Brown is due the merit of having recovered this genus when, owing to the insufficient definition

given of it by Linneus and a misplacement of Linnæus’s authentic specimens, it was on the point of being altogether lost to science. There is only one species from Java known besides the following :—

l. L. calycina, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi attenuatis, junioribus (praesertim costis venisque subtus cum stipulis integerrimis ovato-lanceo- latis caudato-acuminatis ramulis floribusque) ferrugineo-sericeis; cymis condensatis; lobis calycis lineari-spathulatis foliaceis tubo corolla parum brevioribus.— Woody districts of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Milne! in Herb. Hook.).

“A shrub, 6-12 fect high.” —Milne.

X. Lindenia, Benth. mss. in Endl. Gen. Plant. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 53; Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 33. t. 8. Calyx tubo turbinato 5-costato, limbi 5-partiti laciniis angustis erectis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo longissimo tenui æquali, limbi 5-partiti laciniis oblongis patentibus, æsti- vatione contorto-imbricatis. Antherz 5, lineares, in limbi corollini sinubus sessiles. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in trophospermiis dissepimento insertis, co. Stylis filiformis, glaber, apice incras- satis; stigma 2-fidum. Capsula calycis limbo coronata, 2-locularis. Semina oo, angulata.— Frutices rivulares; foliis oppositis ad apices ramorum approximatis, breviter petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis ; stipulis utrinque solitariis in vaginam brevem connatis ; corymbi terminales, condensati, pauciflori, bracteis oblongo-linearibus.— Siphonia, Benth. Plant. Hartwegianee, p. 84.

. This genus was thought to be confined to tropical America until I discovered a second species in Viti, which, like the original one (Z. rivalis, Benth.), grows on the banks of rivers, and has exactly the same habit as its congener.

l. L. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 33. t. 8 (Tab. XXIV.); foliis ob- longo-lanceolatis utrinque glabris; calycis pubescentis costis acutis; coroll sericeo-tomentelle laci- niis ovato-oblongis obtusis. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Bore ni wai” (i.e. Bore rivularis).—On the banks of rivers and rivulets, islands of Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 217).

_ A highly ornamental shrub, 3—4 feet high. Leaves glabrous, 4-6 inches long, 1-13 inch broad; petioles and lower part of costa purplish; blade of leaf dark-green above, paler below; antherg and pistil projecting beyond the tube of the cream-coloured corolla. The popular name “ Bore ni wai" signifies “the Bore which grows on the river.” i

EXPLANATION oF PrarE XXIV.—1, upper portion of corolla, with the lobes cut off; 2, an anther; 3, calyx and pistil; 4, cross-section of ovary, —all magnified.

Susorvo II. COFFEACEÆ.—Semina in loculis solitaria v. rarissime gemina.

Trisus IV. GUETTARDEÆ.—fFlores distincti v. connati. Ovarium 2—oc-loculare, loculis 1l- ovulatis. Drupa 2-co-pyrena. Albumen carnosum. Stipulæ utrinque solitariz.

Besides the Guettardee alluded to below, there are in tropical Polynesia, Bobea elatior, Qaud., Bobea | brevipes, A. Gray, and Chomelia (?) Sandwichensis, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands, and all of them in the British Museum collection. There are flowering specimens of Oh. (?) Sandwichiensis, collected in Captain Cook's voyages in Hawaii, which are ticketed-* Cestroides. Arbor parva; fl. sordide flavescentes. Hawaii, prope sylvas." The corolla is hypocraterimorphous, and outside covered with adpressed hair.

Myonima umbellata of Hook. et Arn. non Bartl., also from the Sandwich Islands, is Straussia Mariniana, A. Gray (Coffea Mariniana, Cham. et Schlecht.). . NC. ME.

XI. Morinda, Vaill. in Act, Acad. Par. 1722. p. 275; Endl. Gen. n. 3183. Flores in capi- tulum globosum conferti, sepissime mediantibus tubis calycinis connati, Calyx tubo obovato v.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 129

obpyramidato, limbo brevi obsolete dentato. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo subtereti, limbo 5-lobo v. rarissime 4-lobo, patente. Stamina 4 v. 5, inclusa v. rarissime exserta ; filamenta brevia ; antherz erectee. Ovarium inferum, 2—4-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi erecta, anatropa v. semi- anatropa. Stylus filiformis, exsertus v. interdum inclusus; stigma 2-fidum, rarius indivisum. Baccæ 9—4-pyrens, pressione mutua angulate, sepius in syncarpium carnosum calycum vestigiis areolatum concrete, pyrenis l-spermis. Semina erecta, raphe interdum fungosa. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi orthotropus; cotyledonibus semicylindricis, radicula tereti, infera.— Frutices v. arbores, stantes v. scandentes ; foliis oppositis v. 8-4-natimve verticillatis; stipulis intrafoliaceis sæ- pius obtusis membranaceis; pedunculis axillaribus v. terminalibus, simplicibus v. ramosis ; floribus supra receptaculum subglobosum nudum sessilibus, dense aggregatis, albis v. flavis.—Spherophora, Blume. Renellia, Korth. Tribrachya, Korth.

1. M. citrifolia, Linn. Sp. 250; arborea, glabra; ramulis 4-gonis; foliis ovalibus utrinque at- tenuatis lucidis; stipulis membranaceis obtusis ; capitulis brevipedunculatis oppositifoliis ebracteatis ; floribus 5-meris (albis) ; syncarpio ovato (albo) in massam ovatam concreto. Parkins, Drawings of Tahit. Plants, (ined.) t. 21—M. quadrangularis, Don, Gard. Dict. vol. iii. p. 545; Benth. Niger Flora, p. 406. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kura;" Tahitense et Hawaiiense, ** Noni.’—Common throughout Viti, and often cultivated (Seemann! n. 225; Milne!). Also collected in the Sandwich «Barclay! Seemann! n. 1716; Nuttall! Macrae!), Marquesas (Barclay !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay !), and Tongan Islands (Harvey !), New South Wales (J. Banks !), Bow Island, Dangerous Archipelago (Barclay !), Indian Archipelago (Horsfield !), Ceylon (Koenig ! Seemann !), and west coast of Africa (Don! Smeathman ! Afzelius !).

I do not think that M. quadrangularis, Don, differs from M. citrifolia. The flower-heads are usually oppositifolious, but sometimes short compressed branchlets bearing flower-heads and a few leaves, issue from the axils of the leaves. That is the case in Don's specimens, and imparts to them a somewhat strange look.

The “Kura” (or * Noni," or “ Nono," as M. citrifolia is more commonly termed by the Polynesian races) is a tree of middle size, the root of which yields a yellow, the bark a red dye, used by the natives to colour their dresses,—hence the Vitian verb * kurata,” to stain with Kura. The leaves are used medicinally. The fruit, though rather insipid, is eaten, either raw or after undergoing some kind of cook- ing process. ;

9. M. Forsteri, Seem. ; fruticosa v. subarborea, glabra ; ramis teretibus; stipulis in vaginam brevem connatis; foliis ovato-oblongis, ovatis v. ellipticis acutis v. acuminatis nitidis, subtus ad axillas venarum glandulosis, glandulis solitariis foveolatis; pedunculis plurimis in umbella terminali ; capi-. tulis plurifloris; corolla 4—5-mera (viridi-flavescente) ; syncarpio subgloboso (Pisi majoris magni- tudine).—M. umbellata, Forst. Prodr. n. 99, (non Linn.) Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 229, excl.syn. Rheed.; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 22 (ined.). Rather common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 222). Also collected in the Society (Forster! Nelson!) and Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home !). eae

At the British Museum there is the authentic specimen amongst Hermann’s — Plants, with Linnsus's mss. name, upon which Linnsus founded his M. umbellata ; and this has enabled me to clear up the doubt about Forster's M. umbellata from the Society Islands. Linneus’s M. umbellata is an entirely different plant from Forster's; its leaves are obovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, and have little tufts of hair in the axils of the veins of the under side of the leaves, whilst the flowers are always terminal, as far a8 . can be seen from the specimens. The specimens of Ceylon plants distributed by Thwaites under n. 1669, agree with the typical one, as does also a specimen of Konig's, collected in Malaeca. I do not hold M. tetrandra, Jack, to be either synonymous with M. umbellata, Linn., or M. Forsteri, Seem.

- 8. M. myrtifolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; fruticosa, scandens; ramis tere- tibus gracilibus; stipulis in vaginam truncatam brevem ‘connatis; foliis sublonge petiolatis sub- coriaceis nitidulis lanceolato- seu elliptico-oblongis obtusis nunc obtuse acuminatis, venis primariis

[PUBLISHED APRIL 2, 1866.] WES no EP s

LI

130 FLORA VITIENSIS.

haud conspicuis axillis nudis; pedunculis terminalibus brevibus solitariis 2—4-nisve; capitulis oo- floris globosis; tubo corolle (albze) 4-fidee intus villoso-barbato ; ovulis semianatropis.— M acuata eoast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 223 et 226). Also collected in Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.)

"My specimens have larger leaves than those collected by the American Expedition.

4. M. Grayi, Seem.; fruticosa, scandens, glabra; ramulis teretibus; foliis ovatis et oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis chartaceis supra lucidis, venulis reticulatis, subtus opacis, venis primariis tan- tumperspicuis in axillis ssepius barbellatis; stipulis in vaginam brevem connatis, summis utrinque cuspidatis; pedunculis (fructiferis) solitariis ternisve terminalibus petiolos adzquantibus; capitulis oc-floris; syncarpio globoso pollicari.—M. lucida, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv., non Benth. in Niger Flora.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. M. mollis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; fruticosa, scandens, undique velutino- pubescens; ramulis teretibus; foliis membranaceis ovato- seu obovato-oblongis caudato-acuminatis basi sinu parvo subcordatis perspicue penninerviis; stipulis . . .; pedunculis oo in umbella terminali; capitulis co-floris, syncarpio globoso pubescente.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 224; U. S. Expl. Exped.).

6. M. bucidzfolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; fruticosa, scandens, glabra; ra- mulis...; folis obovato-cuneatis obtusis v. retusis coriaceis supra nitidulis subtus venulis inter

costas rectas prominulas crebre reticulatis; stipulis subdistinctis; pedunculis oo terminalibus; capi- tulo globoso 7—10-floro.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.). .

XII. Timonius, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 216. t. 140; A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. Flores polygami. Calycis limbus cupuliformis, persistens. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, intus nuda, lobis 4—10 sestivatione valvatis. Stamina tubo inserta; filamenta brevissima. Stylus apice 5-10- fidus, lobis subulatis ineequalibus intus stigmatosis. Ovarium oo-seriatim oc-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, funiculo brevissimo cupuliformi suspensa. Drupa oo-pyrena; pyrenis oo angustis circa axim elongatam imbricatim et oo-seriatim superpositis, putamine apice pervio funiculo seminis strophiolzformi (obturamenti suberosi instar) clauso. Semen lineare v. oblongum; albumen vix 0. Embryo semini conformis, cylindricus; cotyledonibus radicula multo brevioribus.—Arbores v. fru- tices; stipulis interpetiolaribus perulatis vernatione convolutis mox caducis; foliis coriaceis, venulis (pagina superiore przesertim) seepius tenuissime et creberrime reticulatis ; pedunculis axillaribus 1—oc- floris.— Porocarpus, Geertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 473. t. 178. Erithalis, Forst. Prodr. n. 101, non Linn. ; Gærtn. f. Suppl. p. 92. t. 196, non Linn. Polyphragmon, Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. vi. p. 6. t. 2; A. Rich. Mem. Rub. p. 151. Burneya, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linn. vol. iv. p. 189, excl. n. sp. 2. Timonius (excl. sp. et char.) et Polyphragmon, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 445, 461. Bobea (excl. syn. Gaud.) et Polyphragmon, Korth. in Neder. Kruidk. Arch. vol. ii. p. 212, 215; Miquel, Fl. N. Ind. vol. ii. p. 234, 260. td

Besides the two Vitian species, we have in the South Pacific, 7. Forsteri, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 461 (Erithalis polygama, Forst. Prodr. n. 101, et Icon. (ined.) vol. i. p. 55. E. uniflora, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 231, et in Park. Icon. Tahit. t. 26 (ined.). E. cymosa, Sol. l.c. p. 232, et in Park. l.c. t. 25. Burneya Forsteri, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linn. vol. iv. p. 189. Polyphragmon minus, A. Rich. Mem. Rub. p. 151. Bobea Forsteri et Gertneri, Korth. in N. Kruidk. Arch. vol. ii. p. 212, 215), which I have seen from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!), Palmerston Islands (David Nelson!), and Savage Island

AE emen !). Forster's specimen is not at the British Museum, but his unpublished drawing identifies the plant.

l. T. sapotsfolius, A. Gray in Proceed. of Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; foliis etiam nascentibus eum stipulis majusculis ramulisque glaberrimis elliptico-oblongis utrinque acuminatis, venulis creber- rimis lineato-reticulatis quasi tenuiter nervoso-striatis, areolis lineari-elongatis parallelis, venis pri- mariis obsoletis; pedunculis fructiferis petiolum sequantibus ; pyrenis linearibus, putamine tenui.— Viti Islauds, exact locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 131

2. T. affinis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; foliis ovalibus obscure penniveniis, venis subreticulatis, retibus venularum varie versis hinc inde contrariis; pedunculis fructiferis petio- lum zquantibus; pyrenis linearibus, putamine tenui.— Viti Islands, exact locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

XIII. Guettarda, Vent. Choix, n. 1; Endl. Gen. n. 3192. Calyx tubo ovato v. globoso, limbo tubuloso, persistente v. deciduo, truncato v. irregulariter subdentato. Corolla hypocrateri- morpha, tubo cylindrico fauce nuda, limbi 4-9-fidi lobis ovali-oblongis. Anthere 4-9, incluse. Ovarium 4—9-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi erecta, anatropa. Stylus simplex; stigma capitatum v. rarius 2-lobum. Drupa ovata v. subglobosa, limbo calycino coronata v. apice nuda, putamine osseo, obtuse 4-9-angulato, 4—9-loculari, loculis l-spermis. Semina e basi loculorum erecta, teretiuscula. Radicula longa; cotyledones parvee.—Frutices v. arbuscule; foliis oppositis ovatis v. lanceolatis, rarius cordatis; stipulis lanceolatis deciduis, rarissime vaginantibus truncatis ; pedunculis axillaribus 2-fidis, rarius bis 2-fidis, floribus in dichotomiis solitariis, sessilibus, secus ramos unilateralibus.

1. G. (Cadamba) speciosa, Linn. Spec. n. 1408; arbuscula; foliis ovatis obovatisve basi sepius subcordatis apice obtusis subtus pubescentibus; stipulis lanceolatis acuminatis deciduis ; cymis peduneulatis velutinis folio multo brevioribus; floribus (odoratis) 4-9-meris; fructu depresso areola superne notato. Lam. Ill. t. 154. fig. 2.—Cadamba jasminiflora, Sonn. Voy. vol. ii. t. 128. Rava- Lou, Rheed. Mal. vol. iv. t. 47 et 48; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 104 (ined.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Buabua."—Common on all the seabeaches of Viti (Seemann! n. 237), and widely diffused over Eastern Africa, the East Indies, and Indian Archipelago. Also collected in the Sò- ciety (Forster! Banks and Solander!) and Tongan Islands (Harvey! Captain Cook! Mathews !): Whitsunday Island (Lay and Collie! Kenne!), Radak and Romanzoff Islands (Chamisso), Queens- land, Eastern Australia (Hill!,) Bow Island, Dangerous Archipelago (Barclay !), and Pitcairn Island (Cuming !).

The Vitians make necklaces (*taube" or “salusalu’’) of the corollas of this and other white odo- riferous Monopetale. The wood is used in certain games.

2. G. (Guettardaria) inconspicua, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa; ramulis petiolis pedunculis- que fusco-hirsutis ; foliis ovatis acuminatis, supra glabriusculis, subtus adpresse pubescentibus; pe- dunculis dichotomis, ramis 5—6-floris; calycibus dentatis pubescentibus; corolla (teste J. Storck rubescente-violacea) extus albo-sericea; drupa 4-loculari. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, ** Kau lobo.”—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 257; Storck! n. 893), Gau (M‘Gillivray! in Mus. Brit.).

A shrub, with reddish-violet flowers, according to Mr. Storek (Bonpl. vol. x. p. 296). Branches ulti- mately glabrous, and covered with white spots, somewhat like Rhamnus cathartica. Scars of leaves almost

round, and white. Leaves rather membranaceous, about 2 inches long, 1 inch broad, and on petioles 6 lines long. Flowers inconspicuous; corolla scarcely 3 lines long.

9. G. Vitiensis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; species indescripta et mihi ignota. —Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Oe

According to A. Gray, this resembles, but is not identical with the preceding species.

Trisus V. PSYCHOTRIE#.—Flores distincti, interdum aggregato-capitati, nunquam tamen con- nati. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis. Bacca dipyrena. Albumen corneum, Stipule utrinque 2, liberze v. connatee. :

This tribe is represented in tropical Polynesia, besides the genera and species mentioned below, by Straussia Kaduana, A. Gray (Coffea, Cham. et Schlecht.), S. Mariniana, A. Gray, S. Hawaiensis, A. Gray, all from the Sandwich Islands, and Chasalia pyriformis, A. Gray, from the Samoan Islands.

a2

132 FLORA VITIENSIS,

XIV. Canthium, Lam. Dict. 602; Endl. Gen. n. 3175. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo brevi per- sistente, 4-5-dentato. Corolla tubo brevi, fauce barbata, limbi 4—5-fidi lobis patentibus. Antherz 4-5, ad faucem coroll: subsessiles, vix exsertæ. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, pen- dula, amphitropa v. semi-anatropa. Stylus simplex; stigma indivisum, crassum, ovato-globosum v. mitreforme, rarius apice 2-lobum. Bacca globosa v. didyma, carnosa, levis v. transversim rugosa, 2-locularis v. abortu 1-locularis, loculis l-spermis. Semina pendula. Embryo intra albumen dense carnosum homotropus, subarcuatus; cotyledonibus subfoliaceis, radicula elongata, supera.—Frutices ramulis spinosis v. inermibus, foliis oppositis petiolatis coriaceis, stipulis interpetiolaribus utrinque

solitariis, pedunculis axillaribus brevibus, oo-floris.—Canthum et Psydraz, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 473 et 476.

l. C.sessilifolium, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; inerme, glabrum; foliis fere sessilibus oblongo-ovatis, seu ovato-lanceolatis basi rotundata chartaceis supra lucidis; pedicellis solitariis binis ternisve in axillis flore gracili (semipollicari) dimidio brevioribus; pedunculo com-

muni vix nullo; limbo calycis 5-dentato; pyrenis seminibusque fere rectis angustis.— Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. C. odoratum, Seem. ; inerme, glabrum ; foliis breviter petiolatis ellipticis obovatis v. ovatis acutis v. obtusis, basi paululum attenuatis coriaceis supra lucidis, subtus opacis; cymis pedunculatis: folio multo brevioribus; floribus 4—5-meris.— Coffea odorata, Forst. Prodr. n. 94. Coffea sicca, Forst. mss. Ixora odorata, Spreng. Syst. vol. i. p. 409. Canthium lucidum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 65. C. Beecheyi, Steud. Nomenclator. Pavetta dubia, Endl. Ann. Wiener Museum, vol. i. p. 176, excl. syn. Hook. et Arn.—Lakeba (Seemann! n. 221). Nairai (Milne!). Also collected

in the Society Islands (Forster!), Tana, New Hebrides (Forster!), Elizabeth (Cuming!), and Gambier Island (Beechey !).

Asa Gray refers Coffea odorata of Forster to Stylocoryne; but judging from Forster’s authentic

specimens at the British Museum, there can be no doubt about its being a Canthium. Flowers white ; drupe black.

3. C. flavidum, (sp. nov.) Seem.; inerme, glabrum; foliis longiuscule petiolatis obovatis ob- tusis v. obtusiusculis, supra lucidis, subtus opacis venis reticulatis prominulis, petiolis costis venis primariis inflorescentiaque flavidis ; pedunculis axillaribus bis v. ter trichotomis folia subzequantibus v. superantibus; calycibus 4-dentatis; stylo 2-fido.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 256).

Differs from C. odoratum by its few-flowered peduncles being as long, or longer than the leaf, and the

peculiar yellowish tinge of the petiole, ribs, veins, and inflorescence. Branches obscurely 4-angular. Petioles 6 lines long. Blade of leaf 2-21 inches long, 1 inch broad. ` Fruit unknown. |

4, C. barbatum, Seem. ; inerme, glabrum ; foliis longiuscule petiolatis ovalibus v. ovatis acutis subcoriaceis, subtus pallidis; cymis axillaribus folio multo brevioribus, 9—4-floris, floribus 5-meris ; corolla fauce barbata; latis drupa obcordata.—Chiococca barbata, Forst. Prodr. n. 96. et Icon. (ined.) t. 52; Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 65. t. 14. Chiococca odorata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 65. excl. syn. Forst. (non Forst.).— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 220). Also collected in the Marquesas (Forster!), Society (Wiles and Smith! Banks and Solander! Forster! Matthews! Bidwill! Lay and Collie!), and Tongan Islands (Forster!), as well as in Pitcairn (Matthews!), and Elizabeth Island (Cuming! Lay and Collie !).

XV. Calycosia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. p. 48. Calyx tubo angusto, . limbo valde ampliato infundibuliformi membranaceo 5-fido, lobis sepe insqualibus ciliato-barbatis. © Corolla calycem modice superans, tubulosa, fauce infundibuliformi; lobis 5 patentibus, apice corni- culato-cucullatis zstivatione valvatis. Stamina 5, fauci corollae inserta, subinclusa; filamenta bre-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 489

vissima; anther oblongo-lineares, basi 2-lobz. Stylus filiformis, basi disco epigyno elevato arcte cinctus; stigmata 2 v. 3, linearia seu filiformia. Ovarium 2—3-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi erecta, anatropa. Drupa apice nuda, 2-pyrena, raro 3-pyrena ; pyrenis cartilagineis facie planis. Semen cavitati conforme. Embryo in basi albuminis æquabilis cornei parvus; cotyledonibus late ovalibus planis radicula conica brevioribus et latioribus.— Frutices crassiramei, macrophylli; sti- pulis intrafoliaceis subvaginatis; floribus capitato-congestis, capitulis bracteis latissimis membra- naceis inciso-lobatis involucratis ad apicem caulis cymoso-glomeratis.—Humachia, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 479?

This genus, whieh will probably prove identical with Eumachia, DC., is confined to the New Hebrides, Viti, and Samoa, and well distinguished from Psychotria or Cephaélis by the remarkably large, funnel- _ shaped calyx which is fully developed before the tube of the corolla emerges from the tube of the calyx.

Ewmachia carnea, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 479 (Petesia carnea, Forst. Prodr. n. 51, et Icon. (ined.) t. 22; Gertn. Fruct. vol. iii. p. 66. t. 192, non P. Browne et Linn. nec Hook. et Arn.) from the Tongan Islands (Forster! Nelson! U. S. Expl. Exped.!), has recently been described as Chasalia Amicorum by A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. A careful revision of Calycosia, Eumachia, and Chasalia will be necessary before any definite opinion is arrived at about the possible identity or difference of these three genera.

1. C. petiolata, A. Gray, l. c.; foliis obovatis seu obovato-lanceolatis in petiolum attenuatis ; calyce breviter 5-lobo, lobis oblongis; pyrenis dorso haud costatis.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S,

Expl. Exped.).

2. C. pubiflora, A. Gray, 1. c. ; foliis membranaceis glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis (4-6 poll. longis) ; cyma laxa trichotoma calycisque tubo viscoso-pubescentibus, limbo crateriformi extus puberulo; drupa turbinata, pyrenis chartaceis intus excavatis.—Namosi, Viti Levu (Milne !), Taviuni (Seemann! n. 214).

Flowers white.:

3. C. Milnei, A. Gray, l.c.; glaberrima; foliis oblongis sublanceolatisve basi attenuatis longi- uscule petiolatis punctulatis (3-6 poll. longis); cyma diffusa, repetito-trichotoma ; pedicellis graci- libus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kau wai” (i. e. Frutex aquaticus).—O valau, in woods (Seemann ! n. 213; Storck! n. 892). Also collected in Aneitum, New Hebrides (Milne !).

XVI. Ixora, Linn. Gen. n. 131; Endl. Gen. n. 3161.. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo brevi 4-5- dentato. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo gracili cylindrico, fauce nuda v. barbata, limbi 4—5-par- titi laciniis tubo brevioribus, acutis v. obtusis, zestivatione convolutis, sub anthesi patentibus. Sta- mina 4-5, corolle fauci inserta, subexserta; filamenta brevissima v. subnulla; antherz oblonge, erectæ. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso. Ovula in loculis solitaria, medio dissepimento peltatim inserta, amphitropa. Stylus simplex, vix exsertus; stigma 2-fidum, laciniis patentibus v. revolutis. Bacca globosa, 2-pyrena, pyrenis chartaceis, dorso convexo lzvibus, facie concavis, 1- spermis. Semina cavitati conformia, umbilico ventrali. Embryo intra albumen cartilagineum dor- salis, homotrope incurvus ; cotyledonibus foliaceis, radicula elongata, infera.— Frutices v. arbusculze ; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, stipulis interpetiolaribus utrinque solitariis, e basi lata acuminatis y. in aristam setaceam desinentibus, corymbis terminalibus, sepius trichotomis, floribus coccineis roseis rariusve albidis, sæpe fragrantibus.— Pavette sp. auct. d

Besides the species indigenous to Viti, we have in tropical Polynesia Irora amplifolia, Gray, S. Samo-

ensis, both from the Samoan Islands, and T. fragrans, Gray ; (Cephaélis fragrans, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. t. 131), from Tonga (Nelson !), and Elizabeth Island (Lay and Collie!), all three belonging. to A. Gray’s

section Phylleilema, which is distinguished by a pair of bracteant leaves, forming a diphyllous involucre to a cluster of three or more sessile flowers. It is not improbable that S. Samoensis is identical with Ixora triflora, Seem., (Pavetta triflora, DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 492. Coffea triflora, Forst. Prodr. n. 95. Chioccoa triflora, Spreng. Syst. vol. i. p. 756,) which was found in the Society Islands (Forster !).

134 FLORA VITIENSIS.

1, I. (Phylleilema) Vitiensis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. ; glaberrima ; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis v. acutis, floralibus seu bracteis late cordatis arcte sessi- libus capitulum 3-florum fulcrantibus ; stipulis longissime aristatis ; dentibus calycis brevissimis ; corolla (alba) glabra; drupa nigra.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 247).

Leaves less coriaceous than the allied J. fragrans, A. Gray.

2. I. pelagica, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramulis villosiusculis; foliis brevipetiolatis obovato-oblon- gis, basi subcordatis, supra glabris, subtus villoso-puberulis ; stipulis longe setaceis petiolum 4-druplo superantibus; floribus capitatis, capitulis co-floris, oo-bracteatis, bracteis linearibus acutis pubescen- tibus; calycis laciniis 5 linearibus pilosis; corolla ignota; drupa subglobosa pisi maj. magnitu- — dine.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 258, ex parte).

Leaves 5-6 inches long, 14-2 inches broad. Flowers wanting. Seeds peltate.

3. I. maxima, (sp. nov.) Seem.; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis, brevissime petiolatis, supra glabris; subtus paniculisque villoso-puberulis ; paniculis terminalibus co-floris diva- ricatis ; calycibus 4-fidis ; corolla ignota; drupa subglobosa glabra pisi maj. magnitudine.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 258, ex parte). . a

Only two specimens found. Leaves nearly a foot long, and 5-6 inches broad. Panicles 3-4 inches long; drupe 2-pyrenous; seeds solitary, peltate.

4. I. (?) Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; folis obovato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis; stipulis subulatis; floribus fasciculatim ex trunco ramisque rumpentibus; drupa subglo- bosa (rubra) Pisi magnitudine.—Nomen. vernac. ** Kau sulu,” teste Storck. Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Storck! n. 894).

The specimens, in fruit only, were discovered after my departure from Viti by the indefatigable Mr. Storck. Petioles about 1 inch long; blade of leaf 10-12 inches long, 3—4 inches broad.

XVII. Psychotria, Linn. Gen. n. 229; Endl. Gen. n. 3147. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo brevi subintegro v. 4—5-lobo aut 4—5-dentato. Corolla infundibuliformi-tubulosa, tubo tereti, basi quali, fauce glabra v. barbata, limbi 5-fidi v. rarius 4-fidi lobis patentibus v. recurvis, sestivatione valvatis. Stamina 4—5, coroll: tubo inserta, inclusa v. rarius subexserta; filamenta filiformia, brevia; antherz lineares, incumbentes. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso pulviniformi. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi dissepimenti adscendentia, anatropa. Stylus simplex; stigma 2-fidum. Bacca car- nosa, costata v. levis, 2-pyrena, pyrenis dorso convexo costatis v. rarius levibus, facie planis, l- - spermis. Semina erecta, cavitati conformia. Embryo brevis, in basi albuminis cartilaginei ortho- tropus; cotyledonibus foliaceis, lanceolatis, radicula cylindrica infera.— A rbuscule v. frutices, rarius herb: perennes; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, stipulis varie connexis, pedunculis rarius axillaribus, ple- rumque terminalibus, floribus paniculatis v. corymbosis.—Psychotrophum, P. Browne, Jam. 160. Myrtiphyllum, P. Browne, Jam. 152.

Besides the Psychotrie enumerated below, we have in tropical Polynesia P. elosterocarpa, A. Gray, ` from the Samoan Islands; P. insularum, A. Gray, from the Samoan and Tongan Islands; P. apodantha, A. — Gray, from the Samoan Islands; P. speciosa, Forst., from the Society Islands, and several other species, of which the materials are not sufficient for accurate determination. P. speciosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 89. et Icon. (ined.) t. 50, (Cephaélis speciosa, Spreng. Syst. vol. 1 p. 749,) is a very distinct species, probably a new genus, of which, however, the materials existing at the British Museum are insufficient for closer investi- gation, and I have not seen it in any other herbarium.

1. P. sulphurea, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; decumbens; ramis sarmentosis cymisque rufo velutino-pube- rulis; foliis ovalibus utrinque acutis, venis primariis 10-12-jugis; cymis compositis oo-floris; co- rollis 5-fidis (albido-ceruleis) ; calycibus 5-dentatis; drupis globosis subcompressis (sulphureis),

` seminibus ruminatis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, “ Wa kau."—Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Storck! n. 895). :

FLORA VITIENSIS. e 195

* A decambent rooting shrub, flowers bluish-white, fruit of a sulphur-yellow eolour."—Storck. Petioles ł of an inch long; blade of leaf 2-3 inches long, about 1 inch broad; drupe 2-pyrenous.

2. P. Browerii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; stipulis caducis; foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis obovato v. ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi attenuatis, venis primariis 12-15-jugis; cymis axilla- ribus terminalibusque folio brevioribus ramulis compressis; calycibus cupuliformibus obscure den- tatis; drupis costatis.— Island of Moturiki (Seemann! n. 244 et 254).

This species (which I have named in honour of Dr. Brower, United States Consul in Viti, to whose hospitality and kindness I was much indebted during my explorations of the group, and who introduced into the islands sheep-farming, improved varieties of cotton and many useful plants) is allied to P. collina, Labill. Austr. Cal. t. 47; but 1 am not satisfied about their identity. Petiole 6-12 lines long. Blade of leaf 5-8 inches long, 2-31 inches broad. Flowers in my specimens very young.

8. P. Pritchardii, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; glabra; stipulis intrafoliaceis latis carnosis persistentibus basi subauriculatis; foliis longe petiolatis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum at- tenuatis, venis primariis 12-14; cymis terminalibus, pedunculo compresso folia multo superante, radiis 4; calyce cupuliformi truncata; corolla (alba) calyce 4-plo longiore.— Woods of the island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 259).

A very singular species, named in honour of Mr. W. T. Pritchard, by whom my botanical explorations in Viti were so much facilitated. It is easily distinguished from the other Vitian Psychotrie by its very fleshy persistent and nearly auriculate stipules and long peduncles. Petioles 15-2 inches long. Blade of leaf 5-6 inches long, 2-23 inches broad. Peduncle 8-10 inches long. s

4. P. Brackenridgii, (Gray in Proceed. of Amer. Acad. vol. iv.) ; stipulis caducis; foliis ob- longo-lanceolatis utrinque acutis vel acuminatis basi in petiolum longiusculum angustatis fere glabris chartaceis; pedunculis 1—5 terminalibus elongatis cymam trichotomam multifloram gerentibus cum radiis pedicellis calycibusque ferrugineo-puberis; fructibus ovalibus 8-costatis truncatis calycis limbo parvo cupuliformi coronatis puberulis; pyrenis tenuiter cartilagineis intus planis dorso convexo cari- nato-tricostatis.— Viti islands, locality not mentioned (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The flowers of this species are still unknown.

5. P. Forsteriana, (Gray, l.c.); glabra; stipulis tenuiter scariosis caducis; foliis membra- naceis oblongo-lanceolatis nune obovato-oblongis utrinque acuminatis modice petiolatis, venis pri- mariis 9-11-jugis; cyma multiflora terminali composita tripartita vel tripla pedunculis radiisve petio- lum squantibus; floribus confertis pedicellatis parvis; calycis limbo expanso integerrimo ovario squilongo; corolla brevi usque ad medium 5-fida fauce villosissima; fructibus obovatis retusis, junioribus fere obcordatis; pyrenis dorso obtuse costatis subrugosis intus concaviusculis.— P. Asia- tica, Forst. Prodr. n. 90?

Var. Vitiensis, A. Gray, l.c.; foliis longius petiolatis nunc undulatis; fructu vix retuso.— Islands of Matuku (Milne !), Moturiki, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 236).

- This variety is widely different from P. Asiatica of Forster, and probably a distinct species. *

.. 6. P. turbinata, (Gray, l.c.) ; fere glabra; stipulis caducis; foliis obovato-oblongis nune ob- longis nune oblongo-lanceolatis basi in petiolum longiusculum attenuatis submembranaceis, venis primariis 9-10-jugis; cyma terminali multiflora petiolos vix superante; fructibus turbinatis vertice planis; pyrenis 2 vel 3 ventre inferne planis superne profunde exsculptis dorsoque tuberculato-incras- satis.— Mountains of Viti Levu (Milne !).

Fruiting specimens only were collected.

7. P. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; ramulis petiolis pedunculis bracteis calycibusque rufo-villoso- hirsutis; stipulis caducis; foliis obovato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum longum angustatis, venis primariis 12—17-jugis supra glabris, subtus ad costas et venis. rufo-villoso-hirsutis; cymis termi- minalibus radiis ter trichotomis divisionibusque divaricatis, primum bracteis squamaceis subrotundis

186 € FLORA VITIENSIS.

longe apiculatis caducis involucratis ; calyce dentato; corolla hirsuta; fructibus obovatis 6-angulatis. — Viti Levu (Milne! Seemann! n. 255). A shrub, 8-16 feet high. Blade of leaf 6-7 inches long, 31—4 inches broad. Allied to P. turbinata,

A. Gray, and having the larger bracts of Gray's section Piptilema, though the inflorescence is a compound cyme, and as long as or longer than the petiole.

8. P. tephrosantha, A. Gray,l.c.; stipulis caducis; foliis ovalibus utrinque abrupte acutis vel acuminatis petiolatis ramisque glabris; cyma terminali pedunculata effusa decomposita, pedicellis gracilibus flore brevioribus; calycis limbo subintegerrimo cupulato ovario turbinato breviore; corolla infundibuliformi extus pruinoso-canescente.— Viti, locality not specified U. S. Expl. Exped.).

9. P. serpens, Linn. Mant. 204; glaberrima; ramis gracilibus foliosis sarmentosis ; stipulis ovatis obtusis caducis; foliis obovatis obtusis v. acutis in petiolum angustatis (pollicaribus) chartaceis, venis utrinque 5-6 inconspicuis; cymis terminalibus laxifloris; calycis limbo parvo acutiuscule 5- dentato; corolla extus farinosa intus ad faucem barbata; drupis ovatis v. globosis (albis) ; pyrenis he- misphzericis dorso 3-2-costatis, costis obtusissimis.— P. scandens, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 193. P. parvula, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.—Voma Peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 245). Diffused over the East Indies and Southern China (Seemann !)

10. P. gracilis, Gray, l.c.; glaberrima; ramis gracillimis; stipulis quadrato-subulatis deci- duis; foliis lanceolatis membranaceis attenuato-acuminatis basi in petiolum angustatis; cyma parva terminali cc-flora breviter pedunculata; calycis limbo expanso crateriformi ovario subsquilongo 5- dentato; corolla brevi 5-fida intus glabra; filamentis gracilibus; antheris longioribus.— Viti Islands, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

ll. P. calycosa, Gray, l.c.; erecta; glabra; stipulis caducis; foliis anguste oblongis seu oblongo-lanceolatis subacuminatis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis; cyma terminali foliis breviore pedunculata confertiflora ; floribus pedicellatis; calycis limbo amplissimo foliaceo e basi infundibuli- formi expanso 5-lobo; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformi breviter 5-fido, lobis apice saccatis extus hirtellis intus barbatis.—P. Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257.—Voma Peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 246), Ovalau (Milne !).

The fruit of this species is as yet unknown.

12. P. macrocalyx, Gray, l.c.; glabra; ramis gracilibus foliosissimis ; stipulis ovatis mucro- natis caducis; foliis lanceolatis seu oblongo-lanceolatis longe acuminatis chartaceis basi in petiolum attenuatis; pedunculis 1-3 terminalibus 1-5-floris pedicellisque filiformibus ; calycis limbo tubuloso angusto breviter 5-dentato persistente drupæ ovoider subzequilongo; pyrenis compressis intus planis

dorso 1-3-carinatis.— Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 243). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

18. P. filipes, Gray, l.c.; glabra; stipulis caducis; foliis lanceolato- seu obovato-oblongis acuminatis basi paullo angustata sepius subcordatis longe petiolatis ; pedunculis terminalibus 2—5 filiformibus folia subzquantibus cymam effusam plurifloram gerentibus, radiis 3—4 pedicellisque gracilibus; calycis limbo crateriformi 4-dentato ovario breviore; corolla brevi 4-fida fauce fere

nuda, fructu immaturo ovato.— Viti, locality-not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

14. P. pelagica, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; stipulis caducis ; foliis longiuscule petiolatis ovato- lanceolatis longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis, venis primariis 7-8-jugis; pedunculis terminalibus folium subzequantibus et cymam effusam co-floram gerentibus, radiis 4—5 pedicellisque gracilibus ;

calyce cupuliformi truncato; corolla 4-fida ; drupa ovata.— Town of Navua, Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 253).

. . Near P. filipes, A. Gray, but differs in having a truncate calyx and other peculiarities. Petioles 11-2 inches long ; blade of leaf 3-4 inches long, 1-12 inch broad. Corolla 3-4 lines long.

15. P. hypargyrea, Gray, l.c.; glabra; stipulis bifidis caducis; foliis obovato-oblongis seu

FLORA VITIENSIS. e Toi

oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis chartaceis supra viridibus subtus argenteo-pallidis; pedunculis 1-3 terminalibus apice 3—5-floris; floribus brevissime pedicellatis; ca- lycis limbo parvo 5-dentato; corolla infundibuliformi breviter 5-fida intus glabra; filamentis brevis- simis; fructibus globosis, in siccis acute costatis, cavis; pyrenis cartilagineis tenuibus ventre planis leviter obcordatis margine acutissimis dorso medio 1—3-cristato-alatis; semine triptero.— Viti, loca- lity not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Pirtitema, A. Gray, Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. (subgen. Psychotrise, Cephaélidi proxima.) Stipule squamaceæ, caducissime. Flores sessiles, capitellati, ebracteolati ; capitulo terminali prinum bracteis squamaceis caducis involucrato. Pyrenz compresso-plan:e, costa dorso in cristam seu alam producta, marginibus inferne subulato-dilatatis. Semen quasi tripterum.

16. P. (Piptilema) cordata, Gray, l.c.; glabra; stipulis ovatis? caducis; foliis oblongo- seu lanceolato-ovatis promisse acuminatis basi cordatis longe petiolatis; capitulo arcte sessili co-floro bracteis squamaceis obovato-rotundis circiter 6 caducis involucrato; calycis limbo brevi truncato; corolla tubulosa 5—7-mera; fructibus elongato-pyramidatis, pyrenis dorso alato-cristatis marginibus infra medium angulato-productis.— Viti Islands, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

17. P. (Piptilema) Pickeringii, Gray, l.c.; glabra; stipulis caducis; foliis oblongo-lanceo- latis seu obovato-oblongis promisse acuminatis basi angustata subacutis obtusisve; capitulo arcte sessili co-floro bracteis squamaceis caducis involucrato; calycis limbo brevissimo truncato; corolla tubulosa 4-6-mera; fructibus obovatis obtusis basi 4-angulatis, pyrenis dorso et inferne marginibus cristatis.— Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Seemann! n. 251).

18. P. (Piptilema) tetragona, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; glabra; foliis lanceolatis longe acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis, venis primariis 12-13-jugis; stipulis caducis; floribus terminalibus capitatis paucifloris; drupis ovatis tetragonis seminibus dorso acute carinatis. —Ovalau (Seemann! n. 252).

Allied to P. Pickeringii. Leaves, including petiole, 5-6 inches long, about 1 inch broad. Flowers unknown. Seeds at the back acutely carinate, and thus making the fruit 4-cornered.

19. P. (Piptilema) bullata, (sp. nov.) Seem.; erecta; ramulis petiolis bracteisque rufo-hir- sutis; foliis ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis, basi acutis, bullatis, supra glabris, subtus ad costas venisque rufo-hirsutis; capitulo terminali primum bracteis squamaceis involucrato ; ect. ignot.— Korovono, Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 248).

A shrub, 4 feet high, of which only a couple of specimens were found, both having an undeveloped flowerliead, enclosed in two large bracts, as is the case in A. Gray’s section Piptilema. But the flowers are too young to admit of a closer examination. The plant is easily recognized by its very bullate leaves, and will doubtless again be met with.

20. P. (Piptilema) platycocca, Gray, l.c.; glaberrima; stipulis caducis; foliis oblongis utrinque acutis; pedunculis terminalibus demum lateralibus petiolum adzquantibus glomerulos 1-3 paucifloros bracteis caducis primum involucratos gerentibus; fructibus ovato-tetraquetris, pyrenis dorso et marginibus presertim inferne acute cristatis.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 249).

There are besides several other Vitian specimens in the Kew and British Museum Herbaria, such as my n. 250, in fruit, from Namosi, Viti Levu (probably a near ally of, or identieal with P. insularum, A. Gray), and my n. 241, as also some scapes collected in Admiral Denham's expedition, which had better be left undescribed until more materials have come to hand. i

XVIII. Myrmecodia, Jack in Linn. Trans. vol. xiv. p. 122; Endl. Gen. n. 3184. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo tubuloso’ integerrimo. Corolla infundibuliformis v. tubulosa, fauce pilis squamisve clausa v. glabra, limbi 4-fidi lobis erectis obtusis. Stamina 4, inclusa; filamenta brevissima; an- theræ ovatæ, erectæ. Ovarium 4-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso, loculis 1-ovulatis. Stylus simplex ; stigma 2-fidum, lobis incisis. Drupa baccata, 4-pyrena, pyrenis chartaceis 3—1-quetris 1-spermis.

[PUBLISHED APRIL 2, 1866.] — oe ae T

i38 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Semina erecta. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi orthotropus; radicula incrassata, infera.— Frutices pseudo-parasitici, basi tuberosi, inermes v. aculeis seriatis obsessi; foliis oppositis confertis petiolatis, glabris; stipulis peltatis, ciliatis; floribus axillaribus, sessilibus.

" There is no small obscurity about the one or two old species of this genus, and respecting the dis- tinction between it and Hydnophytum, which the Dutch botanists ought to clear up. But the present species (M. imberbis), notwithstanding that the corolla wants the beard described by Jack, and the forni- eate scales mentioned by Blume, is undoubtedly a genuine member of Jack's genus Myrmecodia, and its stigma is probably similar to the ‘stigma simplex tomentosum’ of M. tuberosa. But this stigma in our plant consists of 4 minute apiculate lobes, terminating a filiform entire style, and surrounded by a kind of indusiate margin, which is fringed by a circle of delicate arachnoid hairs. From the analysis I should

refer Gaudiehaud's M. inermis and AM. echinata to Hydnophytum."—A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.

l. M. imberbis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; inermis; foliis lanceolato- seu spathulato-oblongis; corolla tubulosa (6 lin. long.) intus nuda glaberrima calyce cum ovario quad- ruplo longiore; stylo simplicissimo, stigmate 4-apiculato indusio lanato-ciliato cincto; fructu (in sicco) obpyramidato 4-lobo, pyrenis 4 corneis.— Grows epiphytically on trees in Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

XIX. Hydnophytum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv. p. 124; Endl. Gen. n. 3185. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo brevi integerrimo. Corolla tubo brevi, intus hirsuto, limbo plano 4-lobo. Sta- mina 4; filamenta brevissima; antherz erecte. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso. Ovula in loculis solitaria. Stylus filiformis; stigma 2-lobum. Bacca succosa, dipyrena, pyrenis coriaceis, dorso convexis, facie planis, l-spermis. Semina erecta. Embryo in axi albuminis rectus; radicula incrassata, infera.—Frutices pseudo-parasitici, basi tuberosa, cava a formicis habitata; foliis oppo- sitis, breve petiolatis, ovalibus; stipulis parvis, linearibus ; floribus axillaribus, parvis, albis.

l. HI. longiflorum, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv.; foliis elongato-oblongis; corolla gracillima (semipollicari), intus glabra, tubo lobis oblongis pluries longiore; stigmatibus 2 petaloideis reniformibus; drupa 2-pyrena.— Myrmecodia Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 256, teste A. Gray in Bonpl. vol. x. p. 36.—Epiphytically on trees, Buke Levu (about 3000 feet above the sea), Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 216). Also collected by the United States Exploring Expedition.

Tubers white inside, and as large as a good-sized Swedish turnip.

XX. Geophila, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 136; Endl. Gen. n. 3139. Calyx tubo obovato, limbi 5-partiti laciniis linearibus, patentibus. Corolla tubulosa, fauce pilosa, limbi 5-lobi lobis ovatis, subrecurvis. Stamina 5; filamenta subnulla ; antheree lineares, erectze. Ovarium 2-loculare, disco epigyno depresso. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi dissepimenti adscendentia, anatropa. Stylus simplex; stigma 2-fidum. Bacca ovoidea, costata, 2-locularis, loculis l-spermis. Semina erecta, —Herbz perennes, depressz, repentes, Viole fere facie ; foliis oppositis petiolatis cordatis; stipulis utrinque solitariis; pedunculo e supremi folii axilla solitario, apice co-floro, floribus umbellato-su sessilibus bracteis flore brevioribus involucratis.—Psychotrie sp. auct. xim

l. G. reniformis, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1829, p. 137; caule pubescente v. glabro, petiolis superne hirsutis; foliis reniformibus obtusis, lobis baseos approximatis, supra pubescentibus v. glabris, subtus glabris; bracteis linearibus; pedunculis 4—6-floris folio brevioribus; corolla alba ; bacca rubra.— Psychotria herbacea, Linn. Spec. 245, et Forst. Prodr. n. 91.— Common in the woods of Viti (Seemann! n. 239; Harvey! Milne!). Also found in the Society Islands (Forster !), Tahiti, and Marianne Islands (Chamisso), and widely diffused throughout tropical America, north and south of the equator.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 139

Trinus VI. ANTHOSPERMEJZE.—Flores distincti. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis: Car- . pidia sicca, recedentia, l-sperma. Stipuli parvi, petiolo adnexze.

XXI. Coprosma, Forst. Gen. 169; Endl. Gen. n. 3109. Flores hermaphrodito-polygami. Calyx tubo ovato, limbo brevissimo 4—6-dentato, Corolla tubulosa, infundibuliformis v. subcampa- nulata, tubo brevi ventricoso, limbo 4-9-lobo, patente. Stamina 4-9, longe exserta; filamenta fili- formia; antherze lineares, pendule. Ovarium 2. v. rarius 3—4-loculare, disco epigyno carnoso. Ovula in loculis solitaria, e basi erecta, anatropa. Styli 2, v. rarius 3-4, elongato-filiformes, ima basi co- aliti undique piloso-stigmatosi. Bacca ovata, umbilicata, pulposa, nuculis 2 evalvibus 1-spermis. Semina erecta, dorso convexa, facie plana. Embryo in axi albuminis dense carnosi orthotropus ; cotyledonibus foliaceis, radicula elongata, infera.—Frutices v. arbuscule; foliis oppositis; stipulis petiolaribus utrinque solitariis, persistentibus; floribus terminalibus v. axillaribus, solitariis aut in eodem pedunculo paucis, basi 2-bracteolatis.

This genus extends from New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia to Borneo, and is largely represented in tropical Polynesia. From the Sandwich group we have C. rhynchocarpa, A. Gray, C. longifolia, A. Gray, ©. foliosa, A. Gray (Oahu, Seemann! n. 2269), C. pubens, A. Gray, C. Menziesit, A. Gray, and C. erno- deoides, A. Gray; from Tahiti C. Taitensis, A. Gray ; from Norfolk Island C. lucida, Forst., C. Baueriana, Endl., and C. pilosa, Endl. ; and from the Kermandee group, C. petiolata, Hook. f., and C. acutifolia, Hook. f. From Viti only one species has as yet been described.

1. C. persiczfolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. ; fruticosa, glabra; stipulis con- natis late triangularibus cuspidatis; foliis membranaceis lanceolatis sensim acuminatis, petiolo brevi; pedunculis brevissimis paucifloris; calycis limbo vix dentato; corolla profunde 4-fida ; drupa oblonga.— Viti, but exact locality not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

y

Orno LII. COMPOSITZE [CAIENTAURAE, Schultz- Bip.).

... There are in London a good many undeseribed and undetermined Polynesian Composite, which it would lead me too far to insert at this place. I may, however, remark, that there are at the British Museum some fine specimens of the Cichoraceous genus Fitchia, which were collected in Tahiti during Captain Cook's first voyage, and to which I alluded in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 294. They are labelled, probably in Solander's handwriting, “ Bidens, n. 15. Recept. paleaceum. Flores flavi. Frutex 10-pedalis. Habitat in summis mon- tibus." Prof. Dana, as A. Gray states, also collected: Fitchia nutans in Tahiti, and I believe that Cuming's specimens were likewise obtained there, and not in Elizabeth Island.

I. Monosis, DC. in Guillem. Arch. Bot. vol. ii. p. 515; Endl. Gen. n. 2220. Capitula l-flora, distincta. Involucri oblongi squame imbricate, obtuse, flore multo breviores. Receptaculum punctiforme. Corolle tubulose, 5-fide. Anthere ecaudate. Stigmata longe exserta, Achenia glabra, teretiuscula. Pappus 2—3-serialis, setis rigidulis, scabris, equalibus, v. vequilatis sed inzqui- longis.—Suffrutices ; foliis alternis, breviter petiolatis, obovato-cuneatis, acutiusculis, subintegerri- mis, supra glabris, subtus cum petiolis ramisque tomentosis; panicule nude, ramis apice capitula, «o subumbellata, subsessilia, conferta gerentibus. | :

l. M. insularum, A. Gray in. Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; fruticosa, laxe ramosa; foliis. oblongis acuminatis repando-dentatis, basi cuneatis in petiolum attenuatis, puberulis, supra glabratis, subtus ad costam venasque cum ramis adpresso-tomentellis; capitulis corymbosis; pappi setis rigidis vix denticulatis, majoribus apice clavellatis.—Strobocalyz insularum, Schultz-Bip. in xviii. et xix. Jahresbericht der Pollichia, p. 170.— Viti Islands, locality not recorded (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped).

Ld

140 FLORA VITIENSIS.

“A true congener of M. Wrightiana, DCO., the type of the genus which stands in nearly the same rela- tion to Gymnanthemum that De Candolle’s section Eremosis does to Vernonia.” (A. Gray, l. c.) ;

Schultz-Bipontinus wishes to restore the genus Strobocalyx, distinguished by its caudate anthers, in- corporating with it not only Vernonia, sect. v. of DC. Prodr. vol. v.p. 21, but also div. iv. Bojeriez, DC.

II. Ageratum, Linn. Gen. n. 936; Endl. Gen. n. 2259. Capitulum oo-florum, homogamum, subglobosum. Involucri oo-phylli, imbricati; squame lineares, acuminate. Receptaculum nudum. Corollz tubulosæ, 5-fide. Stigmata elongata, cylindracea, obtusiuscula. Achenia subpentagona, basi attenuata. Pappus paleaceus, paleis 5 subserratis, acuminatis, aristatis, vel 10 pectinato-cilia- tis.—Herbz ut plurimum annuæ; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, ovatis, dentatis; capitulis corymbosis ; floribus ceruleis v. albis.

l. A. conyzoides, Linn. Spec. 1175; DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 108; caule ramoso annuo; foliis longiuscule petiolatis ovatis rhombeis cordatisve, pappi paleis 5 basi dilatatis serrulatis apice longe aristatis corollam subzquantibus. Schkuhr, Handb. t. 238; Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 15.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Botebotekoro” et * Matamocemoce." (The latter name signifies to kill sleep, i. e. to keep awake, but I have not been able to find out why this name was given.)—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 267; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in Tana (Forster! Barclay !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!), New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), and Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Nuttall! Barclay! Seemann!). Common throughout the tropics.

III. Adenostemma, Forst. Char. Gen. 45; Endl. Gen. n. 2261. Capitulum co-florum, homo- gamum. Involucri campanulati, flores vix zquantis, demum reflexi squamæ 1-seriatze, foliaceze, ob- longe. Receptaculum planum, nudum, foveolatum. Corolle tubulosz, fauce vix ampliata, limbo 5-lobo, infra lobos villoso. Stigmata longe exserta, apice dilatata, colorata. Achenia obovato-ob- longa, subangulata. Pappi ariste 3 v. 5, breves, rigide, glandula globosa v. clavata termi- natz.— Herb: glanduloso-pilosz v. glabriuscule ; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, ovatis v. rhomboideo-

9- plinerviis, dentatis, capitulis pedunculatis, corymbocso-paniculatis, floribus albis.—ZLavenia, Swartz, Prodr. 112.

1. A. viscosum, Forst. Char. Gen. n. 45; Prodr. n. 284, et Icon. (ined.) t. 207; caule erecto pubescente aut glabro; foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis basi cuneatis grosse serratis; capitulis laxe paniculatis, pedicellis capitulo vix duplo longioribus; acheniis papuloso-scabris. DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 111.—Lavenia erecta, Gaud. in Bot. Freyc. 470. excl. syn. Lavenia glutinosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 294 et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 77.—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 262). Also collected in the Society Islands (Forster! Banks and Solander!) New South Wales, and the East Indian Archipelago.

IV. Erigeron, Linn. Gen. n. 951. excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 2382. Capitulum oo-florum, hete- rogamum, floribus radii cc-seriatis, ligulatis, femineis, disci tubulosis, nune omnibus hermaphroditis; nunc exterioribus femineis, centralibus hermaphroditis v. masculis. Involucri oo-seriati squamze lineares, imbricate. Receptaculum nudum, foveolato-punctatum. Corolle radii ligulate, ligula - lineari, disci tubulosz, limbo truncato-integerrimo v. sub-5-dentato. Antherz ecaudatz. Achenia in disco et radio conformia, compressa, erostria. Pappus conformis, l-serialis, pilosus, scaber.— Herbz v. rarius frutices; foliis alternis, integerrimis, dentatis v. lobatis, capitulis subhemisphzericis, disco flavo, radio albo, ezeruleo aut purpurascente rarissime ochroleuco. ——

l. E. albidum, A. Gray in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 36; herbacea, erecta, caule striato villoso v. glabriusculo ; foliis essilibus lineari-lanceolatis v. lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis v. apice remote et grosse serratis canescenti-pubescentibus; panicula diffusa, parce foliosa, ampla, capitulis pedicel- Jatis, invol. squamis 1—2.seriatis linearibus, acuminatis dorso pubescentibus v. glabris.— Conyza albida, Willd. ex Spreng. Syst. vol. iii. p. 514. C. erigeroides, DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 978. C. floribunda,

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 141

H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. vol. iv. p. 73.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Wavuwavu ? et “Co ni papa- lagi.—Common in cultivated ground throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 261). Also collected in the Society Islands (Barclay !). Common in South America.

. Judging from one of the vernacular names, “ Co ni papalagi” (i. e. foreign weed), this plant has been introduced, probably from South America by way of Tahiti, where Barclay in 1840 collected it. It does not

occur in the older collections. The dried stems tied in a bundle make capital torches. We used them when one night we descended Buke Levu, in Kadavu.

V. Blumea, DC. in Guill. Arch. Bot. vol. ii. p. 514; Endl. Gen. n. 2413. Capitulum %- florum, heterogamum, floribus omnibus tubulosis, marginalibus cc-seriatis, femineis, centralibus paucis masculis. Involucri pauciserialis squame subimbricatze, lineares, acuminate. Receptaculum planum, omnino.nudum v. interdum tenuissime fimbrilliferum, hirsutum. Corolle tubulose, femi- nez tenuissime filiformes, truncate v. obsolete 2—3-dentate, masculæ cylindrica, fauce sequali v. vix dilatata, limbo 5-dentato. Anthere basi tenuissime caudate. Achenia teretiuscula. Pappus 1- serialis, setis capillaribus, vix subscabris.—Herbe v. suffrutices; foliis alternis caulibusque seepissime villosis, capitulis paniculatis v. laxe corymbosis, floribus flavis v. purpurascentibus.

1. B. ($ Apterze) virens, DC. in Wight, Contrib. p. 14; Prodr. vol. v. p. 439; caule herbaceo erecto tereti glabro ramoso; foliis rigidulis sessilibus utrinque sparsis puberulis, caulinis elongatis basi cuneatis sessilibus 3-fidis, lobis lanceolatis mucronatis regulariter serratis, terminali longiore, rameis obovatis basi cuneatis parce serratis; panicula laxa, pedicellis axillaribus folio longioribus 1—5- cephalis, capitulis pedicellatis ; involucri squamis inter. linearibus disco longioribus mucronatis.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 272).

2, B. ($ Aptera) Milnei, (sp. nov.) (Tab. XXVII); Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257; pube minime conferta vestita; caule suffruticoso erecto tereti ramoso ; foliis ovalibus v. obovatis acu- minatis in petiolum attenuatis serratis; panicula divaricata laxa ramis nudis apice subracemosis; in- volucri squamis linearibus acuminatis subrecurvis dorso puberulis, exterioribus brevibus, interioribus floribus paulo brevioribus, receptaculo fimbrillifero ; floribus fem. 3-dentatis, ovario hirsuto.—Interior of Viti Levu, on the road from Navua to Namosi (Milne! Seemann! n. 273).

A half-shrubby plant, about 4 "feet high, allied to B. aromatica, DC., from which it differs principally in its dentated leaves. The lower leaves, one of which is figured at the back of our plate (Fig. 1), are often . more than a foot long; towards the top of the plant the leaves gradually decrease in size. Flowers yellow.

Pappus very light brown.

EXPLANATION OF Prats XXVII.—Fig. 1, one of the lower leaves; 2,a eapitulum ; 3, scales of invo- luere and receptacle; 4, a male flower; 5, one of the setze of the pappus; 6, a female flower; 7, top of the corolla of female flower :—all magnified with exception of Fig. 1.

VI. Eclipta, Linn. Mant. 157; Enfll. Gen. n. 2446. Capitulum oc-florum, heterogamum, floribus radii 1-seriatis, ligulatis femineis, disai tubulosis, hermaphroditis. Involucri 2-seriati squame ovato-lanceolatze, acuminate. Receptaculum e plano convexum, paleis lineari-filiformibus, apice ciliatis, achenia zequantibus. Corolle radii ligulatze, ligula brevissima, angusta, disci tubulos:e, limbo 4-dentato. Antherw ecaudate. Achenia radii 3-quetra, disci compressa, ad latera muricato-tuber- culosa, apice mutica v. brevissime 1—3-denticulata, juniora ad apicem puberula. Pappus nullus.— Herbz ramos, erect v. prostrate, plus minus scabre aut hirsute; foliis oppositis, penninerviis, integerrimis v. serratis, pedunculis axillaribus, solitariis geminis v. ternis, 1-cephalis, floribus albis.

1. E. prostrata, Linn. Mant. 286; DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 490; Forst. Prodr. n. 302 et Icon. (ined.) t. 224; caule annuo prostrato aut adscendente adpresse strigoso ramulis subhirsutis; foliis ovali- aut oblongo-lanceolatis basi attenuatis subserratis subundulatis scabris; pedunculis 1-2 capi- tulo duplo triplove longioribus.— Verbesina prostrata, Linn. Sp. vol. ii. p. 1272. Colula prostrata,

142 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Linn. Syst. vol. ii. p. 564.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Tumadu.?—Common throughout Viti (See- mann! n. 269). Also collected in Tana (Forster !).

VII. Siegesbeckia, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 412; Endl. Gen. n. 2451. Capitulum ern: hete: rogamum, floribus radii l-seriatis, ligulatis v. difformibus foemineis, disci tubulosis, hermaphroditis. Involucri 2-seriati squame exteriores 5, lineari-spathulatze, patentes, pilis capitatis glandulosz, inte- riores achenia radii semi-involventes, erectze, dorso piloso-glandulose. Receptaculi plani pale: ovali- oblonge, achenia involventes. Antheræ ecaudate. Corolle radii ligulatz, ligula plana v. irregulari, 2—8-dentata, disci tubulosz, 5-fide, 5-andre, v. 3-fide, 3-andre. Achenia conformia, obovato- oblonga, subtetragona, introrsum subarcuata. Pappus nullus.—Herbe erecte, dichotom:e, superne glanduloso-pilose ; foliis oppositis, sepius in petiolum angustatis, ovato-triangularibus, grosse den- tatis, subvillosis v. pilosis, pedunculis ex alis ramorum 1-cephalis subcorymbosis, floribus luteis.

1. S. orientalis, Linn. Sp. 1269; foliis ovatis basi cuneatis apice acuminatis grosse dentatis, summis oblongo-lanceolatis, involucri exter. squamis interiore duplo longioribus. Linn. Hort. Cliff. t. 23.— Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 263). Also collected in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray!), Tana (Barclay !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay !), and Marquesas group (Barclay !). Diffused over the East Indies, China, and Australia.

VIII. Wollastonia, DC. ex Decaisne in Nouv. Ann. Mus. vol. iii. p. 414; Endl. Gen. n. 2502. Capitulum oo-florum, heterogamum, floribus radii 1-seriatis, ligulatis, femineis, disci tubulosis, her- maphroditis. Involueri 2—3-seriati squamze exteriores oblong:e, foliaceze, interne minores, membra- nacez. Receptaculum planum v. convexum, paleatam. Corolle supra ovarium articulate, radii ligulate, disci tubulosc, limbo 5-dentato. Stigmata disci cono superata. Achenia crassa, obovata, turbinata v. compressa, apice umbilicata. Pappus nullus v. aristeeformis, aristis 1 v. 5 tenuibus, rigi- dulis, deciduis.—Suffrutices v. rarius herbe, Wedelie facie, ssepius hispid; foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis, ovatis, acutis, triplinerviis, dentatis, pedicellis ad apices ramorum sepius ternis 1-cephalis.

1. W. strigulosa, DC. in Decaisne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. vol. iii. p. 414; foliis longe petiolatis 3-nerviis aut prope basin 3-plinerviis ovatis acuminatis grosse serratis, supra sparse, subtus in nervis et petiolis striguloso-pubescentibus ; pedunculis ad apices ramorum 2-3 subalternis, involucro squa- mis 2-serialibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis dorso striatulis puberulis.— Verbesina strigulosa, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 463. Wedelia aristata, Less. in Linnea, 1831, p. 160. Buphthalmum helian- thoides, Forst. Prodr. n. 304, non L'Hérit. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kovekove."—Common on all the seabeaches of the Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 268). Also collected in New Caledonia (M*Gillivray ), Medioburg and other Polynesian Islands (Forster!), Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home !), Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !), Tana (Barclay !), and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !).

There must exist some confusion in A. Gray's herbarium, or else that excellent botanist eould not refer my n. 268, which is certainly identical with the authentic specimen of Forster's Buphthalmum helian- thoides, and hence with W . strigulosa, DC., to W. Forsteriana (Buphthalmum uniflorum, Forst. Prodr. n. 541; Weddelia Forsteriana, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 51), of which authentic specimens exist at the British Museum. Of W. Forsteriana I have not seen any specimens from Viti, but as it is a common seabeach plant in Norfolk Island (Forster!), the Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home!), and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), it may be expected to occur there. W. strigulosa is evidently a rather variable plant.

. IX. Bidens, Linn. Gen. n. 932; Endl. Gen. n. 2541. Capitulum homogamum, discoideum, nunc heterogamum, floribus radii 1-seriatis, ligulatis, neutris, disci tubulosis, hermaphroditis. Invo- lucri 2-seriati squame exteriores interioribus conformes v. dissimiles. Receptaculum planiusculum, paleatum. Corolle radii ligulate, disci tubulosz, limbo 5-dentato. Stigmata cono brevi superata. Achenia plus minus obcompressa, aculeata, rostro ab achenio vix diverso superata, in aristas 2-5 re-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 143

trorsum piloso-scabras producta.—Herbe ut plurimum annus; caule 4-gono v. tereti, szepius opposite ramoso, foliis oppositis, supremis interdum alternis, indivisis, partitis v. sectis, lobis incisis v. ser- ratis, capitulis plerumque flavis rarius radio albo, rarissime corollis omnibus purpureis.

Bidens paniculata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 66, from Tahiti, is probably identical with Bidens lantanoides, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v., and certainly identical with B. fruticosa, DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 596. n. 12; and Coreopsis fruticosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 296, from Tahiti, of which authentic specimens, agreeing with his description, are preserved at the British Museum. I subjoin Solander's detailed description :—

“Coreopsis FRUTICOSA, Solander, Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 296. Tahiti in collibus (Banks et Solander!), ‘Alha alha wau, ZJuhitensibus. Caules lignosi, sepe humane altitudinis, ramosissimi, glabri, obtuse tetragoni. Rami axillares, divaricati, subherbacei; medulla copiosa, spongiosa. Folia opposita, petio- lata, lanceolata, acuminata, serrata, serraturis æqualibus acuminatis, glabra, plana, alte viridia, digitum longa. Petioli foliis triplo vel quadruplo breviores. Flores parvi, toti lutei, panieulati. Panicule ra- mosissime, divaricate, multiflorz, terminales et ex apicibus ramulorum breviorum lateralium. Pedicelli filiformes, glabri, nudiusculi, raro foliolo subulato minuto instructi. Calyx communis oblongus, imbricatus : foliola lanceolata, numerosa, erecta exteriora que breviora apice parum dilatata. Corolla composita radiata : corollule hermaphrodite numerose in disco; feminee pauce in radio. Propria hermaphrodita infundibuh- formis, quinquedentata, dentato-ovata. Propria feminea ligulata, calyce parum longior, late oblonga, obtuse emarginata; sinu dentibus duobus minutis predito, Stamina, pistilla, et pericarpiwm generis. Semina hermaphroditis oblongo-linearia, punetulata, subancipitia margine ciliis rigidis sursum versus exasperata, longitudine calveis (bilinearia). Pappus, arist& due, subulate, breves, retrorsum ciliate ; ciliis duriusculis. Receptaculum convexum, parvum, paleaceum. Palee oblongo-lineares, seminibus paulo breviores." Forster’s Coreopsis fruticosa I have not seen.

1. B. pilosa, Linn. Spec. 1166; caule annuo erecto subtetragono glabriusculo ; foliis inferis impari-pinnatisectis, superis 3-sectis, omnium lobis glabriusculis ovatis acutis serratis vix decurren- tibus, petiolis basi ciliatis, capitulis pedicellatis subcorymbosis discoideis, rarius radiatis, involucri squamis inter se et disco subzequalibus; acheniis lineari-angulatis glabriusculis 2—3-aristatis, exte- rioribus brevioribus aristis divergentibus, centralibus longioribus aristis rectis.— Common in cultivated - ‘and waste places all over Viti (Seemann! n. 270). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster !), Kermandec Islands (M‘Gillivray !), New Zealand, America, and Asia. : l

B. leucantha, Willd., is regarded by most authors, following Schultz-Bip., as a variety.

X. Lagenophora, Cass. in Bull. Soc. Phil: 1818, p. 34; Endl. Gen. n. 28351. Capitulum oc- florum, heterogamum, floribus radii 1-seriatis, ligulatis, feemineis, disci tubulosis, hermaphroditis v, masculis. Involueri subbiseriati discum zequantis squame acute, basi coriaceze, adpresse, apice sub- membranacez. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Corolle radii ligulatze, disci tubulose, limbo 5-fido- Anthere ecaudatz, subliberee. Achenia radii plano-compressa, oblonga, rostro colliformi, disci abortiva. Pappus nullus.—Herb:e perennes, graciles; foliis radicalibus obovatis, in petiolum angus- tatis, dentatis; scapo squamato l.cephalo, capitulorum disco luteo, radio albo v. purpureo. Lage- nifera, Cass. in Bull. Soc. Philomat. 1816, p. 199. i 4

1. L. Pickeringii, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; foliis hirsutis primum villoso- lanatis oblongis ovalibusque in petiolum attenuatis repando-dentatis; scapo gracili nudo; involucri squamis linearibus fere glabris ;. acheniis radii oblongo-lanceolatis erostratis insigniter costatis glaber- rimis, disci sterilibus.— Mountains of the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

_“ Amongst the largest species of the genus, the scape is 6-8 inches high, but the head is proportionally rather small, in fruit only 3 lines in diameter. The achenia are coarsely striated by 8 or 10 strong and salient ribs (in a manner unknown in other species), not beaked, but terminated by an epigynous disk about the size of the basal callus.” —A. Gray. oe

XI. Dichrocephala, DC. in Guill. Arch. Bot. vol. ii. p. 517; Endl. Gen. n. 2396. Capitulum oc-florum, heterogamum, floribus omnibus tubulosis, marginalibus oo-serialibus, femineis, centralibus

144. FLORA VITIENSIS.

paucis abortu masculis. Involucri subuniserialis expansi squamis ovate, subeequales. Recepta- culum conicum, nudum. Corolle tubulose, marginis cylindrice, obsolete 3—4-dentatz, centrales fauce campanulata, limbo 4-dentato. Anthere ecaudatz. Stylus inclusus. Achenia compressa, erostria; marginalia pappo nullo, centralia abortiva; pappo 1—2-seto, brevissimo.— Herb: annue, hirsutiuseulee v. subglabre, ramos, adscendentes v. erectz; folis alternis, dentatis, euneatis aut petiolatis, petiolo nudo v. appendiculato, capitulis globosis, parvis, in racemos v. paniculas dispositis, pedicellis propriis nudis brevioribus.

1. D. latifolia, DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 372; caule annuo erecto sparse piloso; foliis obovatis in petiolum attenuatis grosse dentatis szepe basi inciso-subpinnatifidis; ramis floridis ramosis subnudis ; pedicellis rigidis divaricatis capitulo globoso longioribus.—Cotula bicolor, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 540; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 295 (ined.), et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 78 (ined.). Grangea latifolia, Lam. Ill. t. 699. f. 1. "Hippia bicolor, Smith in Rees’ Cycl. 18. n. 2.—Common all over Viti (Seemann! n. 264). Also collected in Tana (Forster!), and the Tongan (Captain Cook !), Society (Banks and Solander!), Marquesas (Barclay !), and Hawaiian Islands (Nelson !).

XII. Glossogyne, Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. li. p. 475; Endl. Gen. n. 2566. Capitulum co- florum, heterogamum, floribus radii l-seriatis, ligulatis, femineis, disci tubulosis hermaphroditis. Involucri 2-seriati squam:ze breves, adpresse. Receptaculum planum, demum convexum, paleolatum. Corolle radii ligulate, disci tubulose, limbo 5-dentato. Stigmata disci elongata, hirta. Achenia linearia, angulata, aristis duabus retrorsum setosis.— Herb: erecta, basi interdum suffruticosze, dicho- tome, nune fruticose, pedunculis plurimis, nudis simplicibus; foliis alternis, ad collum confertis, brevibus, pinnatipartitis, lobis linearibus, acutis, integerrimis, summis paucis, parvis, linearibus, indi- visis, capitulis erectis, ebracteatis, floribus luteis.

1. G. tenuifolia, Cass. DC. Prodr. vol. v. p. 632 ; radice subscapiformi perenni ; caulibus dicho- tomis, achenii aristis erectis.— Bidens tenuifolia, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 44. t. 45. Bidens sp., Forst. Herb. Cosmos multicaulis, D. Don in Herb. Mus. Brit.—Mountains of Vanua Levu (See- mann!). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster !), and in the Marianne Islands (Gaudichaud).

XIII. Myriogyne, Less. in Linnza, vol. iv. p. 219; Endl. Gen. n. 2702. Capitulum o- florum, heterogamum, discoideum, floribus marginalibus 1-seriatis, femineis, centralibus paucis her- maphroditis. Iuvoluerum expansum, subcampanulatum, floribus brevius, squamis subbiseriatis, ovatis zequalibus. Corolle tubulosæ, feminez limbo subintegerrimo, hermaphrodite tubo brevis- simo, limbo campanulato, 4-dentato. Antherze ecaudatz. . Stigmata exappendiculata. Achenia conformia, angulata, exalata. Pappus nullus.— Herb: ramosissime, acres, sternutatorie; foliis alternis, confertis, oblongo-ovatis, apice dentatis, capitulis globosis, parvis primum terminalibus, demum lateralibus, oppositifoliis, floribus luteis.

1. M. minuta, Less. in Linnea, vol. vi. p. 219. Decumbens aut adscendens, glabriuscula aut apice subvelutina; foliis oblongis basi cuneatis apice serratis obtusiusculis aut subacutis.— Cotula minuta, Forst. Prodr. n. 301 et Icon. (ined.) t. 223. Grangea minuta et cuneifolia, Poir. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 825. Cotula cuneifolia, Willd. Sp. vol. iii. p. 2169. Artemisia minima, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 311, non Linn. Grangea decumbens, Desf. Hort. Par. 1804. Dichrocephala minuta, L’ Hérit. mss. ; Grangea, Lam. Ill. t. 699; DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p. 139.— Island of Bau in Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 265). Also collected in New Caledonia (W. Anderson !), Society Islands, New Holland (Dallachy ! Goodwin!). Common in India, China, Japan, New Zealand, and Mauritius.

XIV. Sonchus, Linn. Gen. n. 908, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 3003. Capitulum cc-florum, homocarpum. Involucri squamz oo-seriatim imbricate. Receptaculum planum, epaleatum, foveo-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 145

latum. Corolle ligulate. Achenia uniformia, erostria, plano-compressa, transversim rugulosa, apice truncata. Pappus uniformis, cc-serialis, pilosus, setis basi fasciculatim connatis.—Herbe poly- morph:e, sepius hirsute ; foliis alternis, pinnatifidis; capitulis aggregatis, luteis.

1. S. asper, Vill. Delph. vol. iii. p. 158; radice fusiformi; caule ramoso; ramis umbellato- corymbosis ; involucris glabris; foliis ovali-oblongis integris v. subruncinatis, caulinis basi cordatis, auriculis rotundatis; acheniis levibus marginatis disci utrinque triaristatis.— Koch, Synop. Fl. Germ. ed. i. p. 433. S. oleraceus, var. y et 6, Linn. Spec. 1117.—In cultivated and waste places throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 266). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Barclay! G. Forster!) and New Zealand.

Orpo LIII. GOODENIACEZE.

I. Scævola, Linn. Gen. n. 224; Endl. Gen. n. 3038. Calyx tubo ovato v. subgloboso, limbi 5- fidi laciniis zequalibus, interdum obsoletis. Corolla supera, tubo hinc longitudinaliter fisso, genitalia exserente, limbi inde secundi 5-partiti laciniis alatis, conformibus, estivatione induplicatis. Stamina 5, corollz inserta; filamenta et anthere apice interdum barbatz, libere. Ovarium inferum, 2-lo- culare, rarius 4-loculare v. 1-loculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria, in ovario 1-loculari interdum bina, collateralia. e basi erecta, anatropa. Stylus simplex; stigmatis indusium imberbe. Drupa baccata v. exsucca, calycis limbo coronata v. nuda, umbilicata, 1—4-locularis. Semina in loculis solitaria, erecta. Embryo intra albumen tenue carnosum rectus; cotyledonibus carnosis, radicula brevissima, infera.— Suffrutices v. herbze; foliis alternis v. rarissime oppositis, integris, seepissime dentatis, pube dum adest simplici, floribus axillaribus v. in spicam foliatam dispositis, calycibus basi bibracteolatis, corollis albis ezeruleis v. rarissime lutescentibus, alis laciniarum basi, rarius juxta totam longitudi- nem fimbriatis, fimbriis apice floccoso-ramosis, tubo intus villoso, ad faucem seepe ramentifero.

In the British Museum herbarium are authentic specimens of S. saligna, Forst. Prodr. n. 505, from New Caledonia (Forster! W. Anderson !), which show that species, of which Forster published merely the name and native country, to be identical with S. montana, Labill. t. 42, non Gaud. This reduces the Scevolas of tropical Polynesia to nine, there being, besides those described below, (1) S. gracilis, Hook. fil. Linn. Proceed. vol. i. p. 129, from the Kermandec group (M‘Gillivray !) ; (2) S. coriacea, Nutt., from the Hawaiian Islands (Dav. Nelson!) ; (3) S. Gaudichaudi, Hook. et Arn. (non Gaudichaudiana, Cham.), from the same group; (4) S. Chamissoniana, Gaud. Freyc. t. 82 (S. Menziesiana, Cham.), also from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies! Nelson! Barclay! Seemann!) ; and (5) S. mollis, Hook. et Arn., and (6) S. glabra, Hook. et Arn., both from the same native country.

1. S. Keenigii, Vahl, Symb. vol. iii. p. 36; fruticosa; axillis barbatis; foliis obovatis subre- pandis utrinque ramis cymisque glabris; pedunculis axillaribus dichotornis; calycis limbo 5-partito ovarii longitudinem zequante.—$S. Lobelia, Linn. Herb., Ham. Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xvii. p. 250. S. lativaga, Hance in Wlprs. Ann. ii. p. 1055. Cerbera salutaris, Lour. Cochin. vol. i. p. 168.— Common on the sea-beach of most of the Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 275; Barclay!). Also collected in the Tongan (Forster! Capt. Cook!), Society (Banks and Solander!), and Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Barclay!). Common in tropical Australia, India, the Archipelago, and S. China (Seemann !). : :

9. S. sericea, Forst. Prodr. n. 504; fruticosa; axillis barbatis; foliis obovatis, repandis v. grosse crenatis, utrinque ramisque tomento molli vestitis; pedunculis dichotomis; floribus in dicho- tomiis pedicellatis ; cymis corollisque tomentosis ; calycis limbo 5-partito ovarii longitudinem æquante, — On the sea-beach. Also collected in the Tongan (U. S. Expl Exped.), Samoan (U. S. Expl.

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146 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Exped.), and Sandwich Islands (Macrae!), and in Savage Island (Forster!), Kanala, New Cale- donia (M‘Gillivray !), and east coast of New Holland (R. Brown!).

Forster’s original specimens have deeply-crenate or repand leaves, which, besides the hairy cover- ing, at once distinguishes this species from the allied S. Kænigii. Brown's and M‘Gillivray’s specimens

also have this character pre-eminently ; and it seems hardly safe to follow Bentham (Fl. Hongk. p. 198), in uniting S. sericea with the first six species of De Candolle's * Prodromus."

9. S. floribunda, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; fruticosa, orgyalis; ramis pube- rulis mox glabratis, axillis vix barbatis; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, subspathulatis, submembranaceis, repando-dentatis, obscure penninerviis, glabris, basi attenuatis, sessilibus v. subpetiolatis ; cymis co-floris ex axillis supremis et terminali thyrsum amplum efficientibus; calycis lobis ovatis oblongisve ovario brevioribus; corolla extus incana, lobis interne glabris oblongis; stylo glabro; indusio ciliato externe piloso.— Viti Levu, on the sea-beaches of the Southern coast (Seemann! n. 274; Storck ! n. 896; Græffe! n. 41). Also collected in Viti by Harvey! and U. S. Expl. Exped.

Orvo LIV. ERICACEZE.

This Order, including Epacridee as a suborder, is represented in tropical Polynesia by the genera Vac- cinium, Paphia, Cyathodes, and Leucopogon. Vaccinium may be expected to occur in the Viti Islands, as we know of one species (V. Macgillivrayi, Seem.,*) from the New Hebrides, one (V. cereum, Forst. = V. ala- ternoides, Sol.)} from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Wiles and Smith! Nelson! Forster D, and two (V reticulatum, Smith, = V. cereum, Cham. et Schlecht. et Hook. Icon. t. 87, and V. penduliflorum, Gaud. Freye. t. 68) from the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson! Macrae! Menzies D). Paphia is confined to Viti. Cyathodes fa been met with in the Society (C. Pomare, A. Gray, and C. Tameiamehe, Cham., var. Societatis, A. Gray) and the Hawaiian Islands (V. Douglasii, A. Gray, and C. Tameiamehe, Cham., and its numerous varieties). Leucopogon has as yet been found only in the western islands.

I. Paphia, (gen. nov.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 77. Calyx adnatus, tubo urceolato levi, limbo 5-partito. Corolla infundibuliformis, 5 costata, laciniis 5 acutis. Stamina 10, distincta ;

* V. Macgillivrayi, (sp. nov.) Seem. Journ. of Bot., 1864, p. 77; fruticosum, erectum; ramulis foliis pedunculis bracteis calycibus baecisque pruinosis demum viridibus; ramulis angulatis; foliis obovatis v. elliptieis aeutis in petiolum brevem angustatis acute serratis ; peduneulis axillaribus solitariis medio bibrac- teatis; bracteis linearibus acutis; calycis laciniis obtusis; corolla (alba) eampanulata apice paulo con- stricta; bacca globosa.—Island of Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray! in Mus. Brit.), collected in 1854. Differs from V. cereum, Forst., which it resembles in general look, in the glaucous bloom of the young parts of the plant, the shape of the leaves, the obtuse calyx-lobes, and the corolla less constricted at the mouth. Leaves thick, coriaceous, evergreen, 1$ inch long, and 4 of an inch broad, acute, but never acuminate.

t “V. alaternoides, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 250, et in Park. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 43. Hab. in Tahiti locis montosis. Frutex altus, ramosissimus, erectus, totus glaber. Rami teretes. Ramuli secundum petiolos semidecurrentes angulati. Folia alterna, petiolata, ovata, acuta, serrata, ser- raturis glandulosis, glaberrima, supra saturate viridia, pulchre venulosa, subcoriacea, plana, sesquiuncialia, raro2-uncialia. Petioli brevissimi, lineares. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii, teretes, 1-flori, foliis duplo bre- viores. Bractee 2, foliacew, paulo supra basin in singulo peduneulo, interdum lineari-lanceolate, vix bilineares, interdum multo majores, semper integerrims». Calyx l-phyllus, subeampanulatus, 5-partitus ; laciniæ ovate, acute, erecte. Corolla l-petala, alba, ovata, ventricosa, obsolete 5-gona, vix semiun- cialis, apice 5-fida; laeinie oblonge, obtusiuscule, revolute, tubo triplo breviores. Filamenta 10, recep- taculo ad basin corolle inserta, subulata, corolla triplo breviora, simplicia. Anthere erectz, flavee, lineari-oblonge, longitudine filamentorum, bicornes seu apice bifide ibique dehiscentes, infra apicem ex- serentes aristas duas subulatas, breves, nune erectas, nune reflexas. Germen inferum, subrotundum, de- pressum, umbilicatum. Stylus filiformis, erectus, longitudine corolle. Stigma simplex, crassiusculum. Bacca globosa, umbilicata, calyce coronata, levis, 5-locularis, matura obscure rubra vel forte cerulea. Semina oo, cirea conceptacula singuli loculamenti nidulantia. Quis expectat speciem genuinam hujus famili: intra tropicos legere ?"*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 147

filamenta subulata; antheræ 2-loculares, muticz, in tubos duos apice liberos producte, antice ad apicem foraminibus dehiscentibus, basi sursum curvate. Ovarium inferum, 5-loculare, cc-ovula- tum, disco 10-gibbo limboque calycino coronatum. Stylus elongatus; stigma . ... Bacca pul- posa, ovato-oblonga, levis, 5-locularis, oo-sperma.—Frutex 4-6-pedalis, ramis angulatis junioribus puberulis, foliis alternis ovato-ellipticis acuminatis in petiolum angustatis integerrimis v. denticu- latis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis pendulis medio bibracteatis, bracteis alternis ovato-lanceolatis ciliatis, floribus pulehris magnis (2 unc. long.), baccis purpurascentibus.

The corolla of this new and beautiful genus is somewhat like that of Pentapterygium, Klotzsch, but it is more decidedly funnel-shaped, and in this respect it also differs from Epigynium, to which I provisionally referred the plant from the fruiting specimens I collected. The fruit of Paphia differs from that of Penta- pterygium, in being smooth, not 5-angular, and the anthers of my plant have at the base an appendix bent upwards. In the flowering specimen at my disposal, collected by Dr. Griffe, the stigma has been broken off.

1. P. Vitiensis, Seem. 1. c. (Tab. XXVIII.)—Epigynium (?) Vitiense, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257; Viti App. p. 488.—Voma Peak, Viti Levu, 4000 feet above the sea (Seemann! n. 284). Viti Levu (Dr. Greeffe! n. 45). -

The first leaves of the growing branches are disproportionately small, linear-laneeolate, and toothed.

EXPLANATION oF Phare XXVIII., representing Paphia Vitiensis, from specimens collected by Dr.

Greffe and myself. Fig. 1, calyx and stamens; 2, 3, and 4, different views of stamens; 5, ovary and style;

6, cross-section of ovary :—all magnified. E

II. Leucopogon, R. Brown, Prodr. 541; Endl. Gen. n. 42, 43. Calyx 5-partitus, 2-bracteo- latus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuliformis, limbi 5-partiti laciniis patentibus, plumoso-barbatis. Stamina 5, medio v. summo corolle tubo inserta, inclusa; filamenta filiformia; anthers dorso supra medium insert, ovate v. oblongæ, simplices. Discus hypogynus, cyathiformis, integer v. lobatus, interdum obsoletus. Ovarium 2-5-loculare, loculis l-ovulatis; ovulis pendulis. Stylus simplex; stigma subcapitatum, sulcatum. Drupa baccata v. exsucca, nunc crustacea, 2—5-locularis. Semina in loculis solitaria, inversa.—Frutices ; foliis sparsis v. interrupte confertis, spicis axillaribus v. termi- nalibus, rarius pedunculis axillaribus solitariis, 2- aut abortu 1-floris. -

l. L. Cymbulz, Labill. Austr. Caled. p. 36. t. 39; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis obtu- sisve ; spicis erectis, subterminalibus, folio brevioribus ; bracteis ciliatis ; drupis obovatis, 5-locularibus. —DC. Prodr. vol. vii. p. 745.— Styphelia Cymbule, Spreng. Cur. Post. p. 67.—Mountains of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 285), Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!). Also collected in New Caledonia (Labillardiére).

Asa Gray thought the Vitian species distinct from the New Caledonian, but without comparing La- billardiére’s authentic specimens it is difficult to decide the point.

Orvo LV. MYRSINEZ:.

The typical Primulacea, of which this is merely a suborder distinguished by its baccate fruit,—for there are several shrubby Primulacee,—have not yet been met with in Viti, though we have in tropical Polynesia Lysimachia decurrens, Forst. Prodr. n. 65, Icon. (ined.) t. 56, from Tana (Forster !) and the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !) ; Lysimachia Hillebrandi, Hook. fil., from the Sandwich Islands; Samolus litoralis, R. Brown, from the Isle of Pines (M'Gillivray !) ; and Lubinia pacifica, Seem. sp. nov. m Herb. Mus. Brit., from the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !). The latter has quite the habit of L. spathulata, Vent, ; spathulate, eniire, dotted and membranaceous leaves, axillary solitary flowers, and calyx segments densely covered with black dots. The flowers seem to be white. Calyx segments ovate-oblong, acute.

I. Mesa, Forsk. Plant. Arab. p. 66; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 77. Calyx basi 2-bracteolatus,

5-lobus, lobis zstivatione 5-cunciali, 2 exterioribus, 3 interioribus. Corolla 5-fida, subcampanulata ; U2

148 FLORA VITIENSIS.

lobis obtusis, zestivatione lobo unico exteriore, altero interiore, tribus mediis margine imbricato con- volutis omnibus obtusis apice inflexis. Stamina 5, inclusa, libera; filamentis filiformibus; antheris ovoideo-sph:ericis, cordatis, 2-locularibus, filamento brevioribus. Pollen (siccum) ellipsoideum. Ova- rium calyci adnatum, nunc in flore semisuperum, placentá basilari intra tubum calycis. Stylus brevis. Stigma capitatum, szepius obsolete 3-4-5-lobum, lobis nunc 5 distinctis, lobis calycinis oppositis. Ovula oo. Bacca calyce obtecta, ovoidea. Semina oo, turbinato-angulosa, superne com- planata, areolis per maturationem excepta materia resinosa ellipsoidea evanidis. Frutices v. arbores sepius hermaphroditze ; foliis alternis, venis seepe creberrimis reticulatis, parenchymate nunc pellucide punctato; racemis axillaribus v. rarius terminalibus, simplicibus v. basi compositis, oo-floris; floribus parvis albidis; bracteis basi pedicellorum persistentibus minimis, bracteolis flori adpressis angustio- ribus.—Beobotrys, Forst. Gen. t. 11. Siburatia, Pet. Thou. Gen. nov. Madag. p. 12.

1. M. Pickeringii, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; foliis lato-lanceolatis oblongisve subintegerrimis mox glabris, nascentibus ramulisque pilosulis ; racemis axillaribus simplicibus rariusve conf@@sitis gracilibus; calyce bracteisque ovato-subulatis hirsutis, lobis ovatis acutis corolle tubum subzequantibus; drupis ovoideis.— Viti Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.).

Differs from M. nemoralis in the hairy pubescence of the inflorescence, especially of the calyx, narrower

leaves, smaller flowers, and narrower and acute bracts and bractlets. The latter species is completely gla- brous, with the bracts, bractlets, and calyx-lobes (especially @he latter) broadly ovate and obtuse.

2. M. nemnoralis, DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 79; foliis obovatis obtusis membranaceis margine revolutis undulatis remote subdenticulatis; racemis compositis petiolo sublongioribus glabrius- culis; bracteis ovato-acutis pedicello brevioribus bracteolisque late ovatis flori adpressis subcilia- tis, lobis calycinis ovatis erectis; corolla tubulosa calyce vix duplo longior 5-fida lobis ovatis.— Beobotrys nemoralis, Forst. Gen. t. 11; Prodr. n. 97. Icon. (ined.) t. 58. Coccoloboides, Sol. mss. Nomen vernaculum Vitiense, “ Vorovorokuro.”—Narai (Milne!), Taviuni (Seemann!) and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 286; Milne!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook! U. S. Expl. Exped. Harvey !), Tana (Forster! W. Anderson !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Eromanga (M‘Gil- livray !), Solomon group (Milne!), and New Caledonia (Sir E. Home!). The United States Ex- ploring Expedition found it in the Samoan group.

3. M. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; foliis ellipticis integerrimis acutis, venis primariis 4—5; racemis axillaribus simplicibus folio multo brevioribus, fere ad rectangulum exeuntibus, floribus parvis; bracteis bracteolis calycisque lobis ovato-acutis; corollæ tubo calyce paullo longiori ; drupis ovatis longiuscule pedicellatis.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 287; Harvey !).

This is very near M. persicefolia, A. Gray, but the leaves are longer (3-34 inches long, about 1 inch

broad), and of thicker texture, the primary veins much more ascending, and the pedicels are longer (i. e. as long as the calyx-tube.

4. M. persicefolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol v.; glabra; foliis lato-lanceolatis integerrimis, venis transversis; paniculis axillaribus folio sub-brevioribus; floribus parvis; bracteis bracteolis calycisque lobis ovato-acutis; corolle tubo campanulato calyce paullo longiori; drupis ovoideo-globosis brevissime pedicellatis.— Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl.

Exped.).

5. M. corylifolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; foliis ovatis cordatis repando- dentatis cum ramis paniculisque (terminalibus et axillaribus folium adzquantibus) dense mollissime pubescentibus superne mox glabratis; pedicellis flore haud longioribus; bracteis bracteolisque ovato- subulatis parvis; calycis lobis triangulari-ovatis villosis tubum corolle brevi-campanulate fere gequantibus; drupis ovoideis puberis.—Mountains of the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann ! - n. 288; U.S. Expl. Exped.), Gau and Ovalau (Milne !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 149

II. Myrsine, Linn. Gen. n. 269; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 92. Flores polygami-dioici, 4—5- meri. Calyx-4—5-fidus. Corolla 4—5-partita; lobis estivatione imbricato-subquincunciali, 2 exteri- oribus, 2-3 interioribus, aut rarius valvari. Stamina libera, corollà nunc longiora. Filamenta bre- vissima, basi corollæ inserta. Antheræ 2-loculares, erecte, lanceolate, glanduloso-acutz, basi sub- bilobze, filamentis multo longiores, loculis longitudinaliter a basi versus apicem dehiscentibus. Pollen (siccum) sphzricum. Ovarium globosum. Stylus cylindricus, brevis, caducus. Stigma capitatum, papillosum, irregulariter lobatum v. fimbriatum. Placenta spherica, apice frequenter depressa. Ovula 4-5 circa verticem placentz, peltatim amphitropa. Drupa pisiformis, putamine crustaceo, abortu 1-sperma.—Frutices v. arbuscule; foliis alternis, coriaceis, integris v. rarius dentatis; fasciculis florum axillaribus; bracteis imbricatis, caducis ; floribus breviter pedicellatis, sepe in eadem plantá 4—5-andris, parvis, masculis majoribus; lobis calycinis minimis, szepe inzqualibus; laciniis corolle alabastro inflexis; stigmate in fl. foemineis nonnunquam magno colorato.—Rapanea, Aubl. Guian. vol. i. p. 121. Manglilla, Juss. Gen. p. 151. Caballeria, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. p. 32. Athru- phyllum, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 148. Suttonia, A. Rich. Fl. Nov. Zel. p. 349. t. 38.

Besides the species enumerated below, there are in tropical.Polynesia M. Gaudichaudii, DC., from the Sandwich Islands; M. Lessertiana, DC., from the Sandwich Islands (Capt. Cook! Hillebrand!); A. Sandwicensis, DO., from the same group of islands (Capt. Cook! Maerae! Hillebrand D; and M. Tuitensis, A. Gray, from the Society Islands.

1. M. crassifolia, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 534; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 96; glabfa; foliis obova- tis ovalibusve coriaceis petiolatis ; fasciculis 4—5-floris, floribus subsessilibus 4-andris, dentibus calycinis ovatis subciliatis; corolle lobis obtusis recurvis dentibus calycinis duplo majoribus, antheris erectis coroll brevioribus.— Viti Levu and western side of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 289). Also collected in Norfolk Island and east coast of New Holland (R. Brown !).

As far as my specimens go, they agree perfectly with the Norfolk Island and Australian plant.

2. M. myriczefolia, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; glaberrima ; foliis subspathu- latis seu oblongis basi cuneatis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis apice sepius retusis utrinque crebre punctulatis, venis vix perspicuis; floribus tetrameris sessilibus ; calycis lobis lato-ovatis obtu- sissimis; corolla 4-partita; drupis globosis .—Kadavu (Seemann! n. 290). Also collected in the Society Islands. ;

Drupe sessile or nearly so, by which this species may be distinguished from any form of M. capi- tellata (including neriifolia, Korthalsii, etc.), but the discrimination of some forms of this from M. crassi- Jolia may be more difficult.

3. M. 0) Brackenridgei, A. Gray, l. c. ; glabra; foliis petiolatis membranaceis oblongis utrinque _ acutis vel acuminatis margine integerrimis vel undulatis ; pedicellis filiformibus fructu globoso 3-5-plo longioribus; calyce 5-lobo, lobis rotundis ciliatis.—Mountains of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

III. Ardisia, Swartz, Prodr. p. 48; Fl. Ind. Occ. vol. i. p. 467. t. 10; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p, 190. Calyx 5-partitus v. rarius 5-fidus, lobis estivatione sinistrorsum convolutis, plerumque subci- liatis. Corolla 5-partita v. rarius 5-fida; lobis patentibus v. reflexis, zestivatione sepius sinistrorsum, in unicá specie dextrorsum, convolutá, lobo 1 exteriore, rarius valvari. Stamina 5, basi v. tubo corolla inserta. Filamenta libera, plerumque brevissima. Anthere libere, erectz, basi emargi- nate v. 2-fide, szepius 3-angulari-acuminatz, plerumque filamento longiores. Loculi rimá longitu- dinali ab apice versus basim dehiscentes, interne non subdivisi, marginibus rarissime extus revolutis. Pollen (siccum) plerumque sphzricum. Ovarium rotundatum, l-loculare. Stylus filiformis, apice subulatus. Placenta centralis, spherica. Ovula co, sæpius 6-12, peltatim amphitropa. Drupa glo- bosa, externe subcarnosa, plerumque glabra, interne coriacea dura. Semen unicum.—A rbores, frutices

150 FLORA VITIENSIS.

v. suffrutices; foliis alternis, rarissime oppositis v. ternatis, punctatis, breviter petiolatis, integris v. serratis; floribus paniculatis aut rarissime racemosis, pedunculis terminalibus v. axillaribus, pedicellis apice pedunculorum ssepius umbellulatis, corollis albis v. roseis, frequenter punctatis; drupis ssepius purpureis.—Anguillaria, Gsertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 972. t. 77. f. 1 (excl. spec. prim.). Bladhia, Thunb. Nov. Gen. pars i. p. 6. Pyrgus, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 148.

The British Museum collections contain a fine new species of this genus, discovered by M‘Gillivray in Captain Denham’s Expedition. In leaf it resembles my A. grandis, but is at once distinguished by its scro- biculato-asperous branches, etc. I have named it Ardisia scrobiculata (sp. nov.) Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; ramis paniculis calycibusque scrobiculato-asperis; foliis ad apicem ramorum erassorum congestis obovato-spathulatis ultra pedalibus crasse coriaceis integerrimis supra nigro-punctatis; panieulis amplis, bracteis spathulatis membranaceis deciduis, calycis laciniis ovatis acutis, coroll lobis ovato-oblongis sestiva-

tione imbricatis.—A neitum (M‘Gillivray!), and New Caledonia (Vieillard! n. 397). Deplanche’s, n. 29, also from N. Caledonia, is very close to this species.

1. A. grandis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 259 (Tab. XXIX.) ; glabra; foliis ad apicem ramorum crassorum congestis oblongo-linearibus obtusis v. acutis, ultra-pedalibus v. 3-peda- libus, crasse coriaceis integerrimis basi in petiolum crassum angustatis; paniculis axillaribus co-floris ; calycis lobis ovatis acutis ciliatis; corollee lobis ovatis v. obovatis obtusis sestivatione imbricatis ; drupis globosis apiculatis.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 293).

A very fine species, the largest leaves sometimes 8 feet long, and 4-6 inches broad. Flowers white.

EXPLANATION OF PrATE XXIX., representing Ardisia grandis from specimens collected by me. Fig. l,an entire flower; 2, corolla laid open; 3, pistil; 4 and 5, sections of ovary; 6, ripe fruit; 7,a drupe ; 8, cross-section of fruit :—all, with exception of Fig. 6, magnified.

2. A. (?) capitata, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; arborea? glabra; foliis ad apicem ramorum crassorum congestis obovato-spathulatis ultrapedalibus subcoriaceis integerrimis reticulato- venulosis basi in petiolum brevem crassum angustatis; pedunculis axillaribus compressis simplicissi- mis capitulum strobilaceum gerentibus; bracteis magnis squamaceis persistentibus.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A. grandis, Seemann, considerably resembles this in foliage, but has thyrsoid panicles.

9. A. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra (v. ramulis nascentibus ferrugineo-tomentellis ?) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis, basi acutis inzquilateris; cymis axillaribus petiolo brevioribus, pedicellis filiformibus; calycis lobis ovatis obtusissimis; corolle lobis ovatis acuminatis eestivatione imbricatis.—Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 292; Storck! n. 897).

Blade of leaf 5-6 inches long, 1-1} inches broad. Petiole 1—1 inch long.

4. A. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; glabra; foliis brevipetiolatis ovalibus acuminatis basi acutis submembranaceis dentatis; cymis axillaribus paucifloris petiolo longioribus; calycis lobis ovatis obtusis; corolle lobis ovatis longe acuminatis estivatione imbricatis.—Viti Levu (See- mann! n. 291).

Petioles 6 lines long. Blade of leaf 84-4 inches long, 1-14 inches broad.

v

Orvo LVI. SAPOTACEÆ. ,

This Order is represented in tropical Polynesia by the genera Sapota (with five species), Mimusops with one species (i. e. M. dissecta, R. Brown, Forst. Icon. (ined) t. 105) from the Tongan Islands (Forster !), and Bassia with two species, viz. B. Amicorum, A. Gray, from the Tongan Islands (Forster! D. Nelson!), and B. obovata, Forst., from the New Hebrides (Forster!). There are, besides the doubtful Jsonandra (?) Richii, A. Gray, from the Tongan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.), which may perhaps prove identical with Mimusops dissecta, and three undescribed species, preserved at the British Museum, one from New Cale- Cookin Anderson !), one from the Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home !), and one from the Tongan Islands (Capt. ‘ook !).

FORA VITIENSIS. 151

I; Sapota, Plum. Gen. p. 43. t. 5; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 173. Sepala 6-5, ovata, obtuse imbricata, in prefloratione juniore 1 exterius 2-3 intermedia, postea 2 exteriora et 3—4 interiora. Corolla tubuloso-campanulata, a medio v. supra 6—5-loba, lobis in zestivatione 1 exteriore, 1 interiore. Appendices (stamina sterilia e pluribus) lanceolate v. lineari-lanceolatz, tubo corollee insertæ, cum lobis alternantes. Appendices interiores nulle. Stamina fertilia 6-5, lobis corolle opposita, tubo infra appendices inserta, inclusa; filamentis complanato-subulatis; antheris extrorsis, erectis, 2-locu- laribus, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Pollen late ellipsoideum v. elliptico-tetragonum. Ovarium ovoideum, pilosum, loculis 12 v. 6 v. rarius 5-4? Stylus cylindraceus, glaber. Stigma indivisum, obtusiusculum, inclusum. Ovula in loculis solitaria, adscendentim anatropa, ad basim angulo inte- riore sita. Bacca abortu pauci- v. 1-locularis. Semina nucamentacea, suberecta, a latere compressa, elongata, angulo interno v. basi usque ad mediam partem sulcato, Testa nitida. Endopleura tenuis. Albumen carnosum. Embryo centralis, rectus; radiculá inferà; cotyledonibus planis, sub- foliaceis, ovatis, radiculà multo majoribus.—A bores lactescentes, ramis nonnunquam spinosis ; foliis alternis, integerrimis, coriaceis, petiolis limbo brevioribus; floribus axillaribus v. apice ramorum sub- umbellatis; pedicellis petiolo non longioribus; baccá seepius maximá, carnosá, sub finem maturationis eduli.—Achras, P. Browne, Jam. p. 200.

This genus is represented in Norfolk Island (Backhouse! Cunningham! Bauer!) by S. costata, DC. (Achras costata, Endl.), in the Hawaiian Islands (Hillebrand !) by S. Sandwichensis, A. Gray, and in Wallis Island by a species collected by Dr. Greffe (his n. 40), which may prove identical with the Vitian S. (7) pyrulifera, A. Gray ; but as the Wallis Island plant wants the fruit, and the Fijian the flowers, identification must be postponed. Greffe’s specimen has pentamerous flowers, obovate apiculate corolla-lobes, linear staminodia, almost sessile ovate anthers, and a villose ovary. In leaf it agrees tolerably well with the description of the Fijian plant.

1. S. () pyrulifera, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; glabra; foliis oblongo-lanceo- latis utrinque subacuminatis pallidis subcoriaceis tenuiter transversim venosis (3-5 poll. longis); calyce 5-partito; fructu pyriformi parvo (semipollicari) pedunculo paullo longiori semine 1 obovato turgido repleto.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. S. €) Vitiensis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; glabra; foliis oblongis seu obova- to-oblongis obtusis v. retusis subcoriaceis reticulatis (6 poll. longis) basi in petiolum longiusculum attenuatis; fructu subsessili globoso 3—4-spermo (pollicem diametro).—Ovalau, on the coast (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. S. sp.3 species indescripta a cl. A. Gray indicata.—Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). The materials at A. Gray's disposal were wholly insufficient for determination.

Orpo LVII. EBENACEZE.

Represented in tropical Polynesia by two genera, Diospyros (D. Samoénsis, A. Gray, from the Samoan . Islands, where it was collected by the United States Exploring Expedition), and Maba, with at least four species, two of which (JM. Sandwichensis, DC., and M. Hillebrandit, Seem.), are confined to the Hawaiian Islands. M. Sandwichensis was collected by Hillebrand! Seemann! Nuttall! Lay and Collie! M. Hille- brandii was discovered by Dr. Hillebrand in Oahu (his n. 274), and is a well-marked new species (glabra ; foliis brevissime petiolatis ovato-oblongis v. oblongis obtusis basi subcordatis v. rotundatis, supra crebre reticulatis ; lobis calycinis triangularibus acutis; baccis oblongis sessilibus).

I. Maba, Forst. Gen. p. 121. t. 61; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 240. Flores dioici. Calyx semitri- fidus v. 3-fidus, cupuliformis. Corolla urceolata v. campanulata, 3-fida ; lobis zestivatione sinistror- sum convolutis. Masc.: Stamina 3 v. 6, interdum 9 (alternis tune basi filamentorum connexis) v.

152 FLORA VITIENSÉÉ.

12 per paria basi connata, hypogyna, pistilli rudimento piloso basi accreta; filamentis gracilibus, antheris linearibus, szpius apiculatis, lateraliter dehiscentibus, polline late ellipsoideo. Femin. : Stamina 0. Ovarium 3-loculare, hirsutum, loculis 2-spermis. Stigma 3-partitum. Bacca ellipsoi- dea, raro globosa, levis, 3-2-locularis, carne parcá. Semina abortiente ovulo altero sepius in loculis solitaria, pendentia, oblonga, prope basim transversim sulcata, nigricantia.—Arbores v. frutices; foliis alternis, parvis, integris; floribus solitariis geminisve, axillaribus, parvis, subsessilibus; corolla extus plerumque pilosa, pilis longis albidis medio loborum precipue densis; filamentis antheras longitudine subzequantibus.— Ferreola, Roxb. Cor. vol. i. p. 35. t. 45.

]. M. foliosa, Rich, mss. ex A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; foliis confertis lato- ellipticis utrinque rotundatis basi cordatis brevissime petiolatis glabratis (pollicaribus v. sesquipol- licaribus), novellis cum ramulis fructibusque oliveeformibus ferrugineo-tomentulosis ; pedunculis fruc- tiferis brevibus 1-3-floris; calyce 3-lobo.—Mountains of Ovalau, and Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. M. elliptica, Forst. Char. Gen. 61; Prodr. n. 366.; Icon. (ined.) t. 267; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 240; ramulis foliisque recentissimis hirsutis demum glabratis fuscis; foliis ellipticis obtusis basi acutis coriaceis margine revolutis; pedunculis 3—5-floris petiolo duplo triplove longioribus; calyce piloso, lobis ovato-rotundatis, staminibus 8; bacca (rubra) ellipsoidea.— M. rufa, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 33. t. 36?—Kandavu, Vanua Levu, and other Islands of Viti (Seemann! n. 295, 296, 297, Storck! n. 298). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster! Capt. Cook! Harvey! . Matthews !), Isle of Pines, and New Caledonia (Labillardiére!).

I suspect that M. rufa of Labillardiére is merely a form of Forster's M. elliptica. I have seen speci- mens which have the foliage of the common form of M. elliptica, together with the shape of the fruit deemed peculiar to M. rufa, and vice versá. Whether M. major, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 21, is a synonym of M. elliptica cannot be determined from the materials at hand. There are no authentic specimens of it at the British Museum, unless what is marked * Maba Andersonii—Arbor—Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook !),"

and has very large leaves, should prove to be that plant. My nos. 295, 296, and 297, and Storck's n. 898,

exu be distinguished as a variety glabrescens of M. elliptica, as the nascent branches very quickly become glabrous.

Orvo LVIII. STYRACEA.

I. Symplocos, Jacq. Amer. p. 166. t. 175. fig. 68; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 246. Calyx 5-fidus, lobis :estivatione quincunciali, post anthesin erectis, sepius ciliatis. Corolla vix gamopetala, petalis 5 l-serialibus vel rarius 10 2-serialibus, basi parum connatis, ex staminibus interne adnatis potius eoalitis, tubo brevissimo vel lobos æquante, lobis patentibus sestivatione 5-unciali. Stamina imo corolle inserta, 15-20; nunc pentadelpha, adelphiis cum lobis corolle alternantibus; nunc poly- adelpha; nune 1-serialia, sublibera, ubi lobis corolle alterna majora; sepius monadelpha, 3—4- serialia, exterioribus nempe in monadelphia longioribus, tubo staminum plus minus longo corollæque accreto. Filamenta filiformia vel ligulata et apice constricta. Antherz ovoideo-globose, filamen- tis multo minores, 2.loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes, loculis pariete subdivisis. Pollen late ellipticum, subglobosum, in aqua globosum, leve, exsiecatione corrugatum. Ovarium inferum vel semi-inferum, 5—2-loculare, loculis lobis calycinis (ubi isomeri) oppositis. Ovula 2-4 ex angulo superiore cujusque loculi pendentia, anatropa. Glandule interdum ovario insidentes. Stylus fili- formis, glaber vel pilosus. Stigma capitellatum, simplex et trigonum, vel 5—3-partitum. Bacca calycis limbo coronata, ellipsoidea, raro subglobosa, 5-3-locularis, 4-2 loculis sæpe abortientibus,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 153

pericarpio intra calycem carnosulum indurato incrassato, axi centrali perforato. Semina in loculis persistentibus solitaria, elongata, plerumque pendentia, nunc (in S. spicata) pressione pericarpii et brevitate fructus obliqua, imo circa axim horizontaliter convoluta. Spermodermium tenue. Albu- men copiosum, Embryo axilis, orthotropus, cylindraceus, longitudine albuminis. Radicula elongata, umbilicum spectans. Cotyledones brevissimse.— Arbores vel frutices; foliis alternis, nunc serratis vel crenulatis, in herbario frequenter lutescentibus; racemis axillaribus, seepius multifloris, bracteatis, nunc brevissimis; floribus sessilibus vel pedicellatis, articulo insertis, bracteolatis; coroll sepius lutea, nune alba vel rubra.— Eugenioides, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. p. 192. Bobu, Adans. Fam. vol. ii. p. 11, Bobua, DC. Prodr. p. 23. Alstonia, Linn. Suppl. p. 264, non R. Brown, nec Scop. Hopea, Linn. Mant. p. 105, non Roxb. Ciponia v. Siponima, Aubl. Guy. vol.i. p. 567. t. 226. Decadia, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 385 ? Barberina, Vell. Fl. Flum. vol. iv. t. 117. Stemmatosiphum, Pohl, Bras. vol. ii. p. 87. t. 157-159.

l. S. (Hopea) spicata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832. vol. ii. p. 541; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis serratis v. subintegerrimis glaberrimis; racemis axillaribus compositis glabriusculis ; bracteis ovatis obtusis brevissimis ; floribus sessilibus ; calyce patente 5-fido, lobis ovatis obtusis glabris ; drupa urceolata.—DC. Prod. vol. viii. p. 254.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Ravu levu."—On the coast of Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 294). Also collected in Aneitum, New Hebrides (M*Gillivray !). Com- mon in the East Indies and Ceylon.

In the Fijian and New Hebrides form the foliage turns yellowish in drying.

Orno LIX. JASMINE.

The allied Order, or rather suborder of Jasminew, Oleacea, is represented in tropical Polynesia by Olea Vitiensis, Seem., O. apetala, Vahl, a native of Norfoik Island, and O. Sandwichensis, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian group. 1 may add that the genus Schrebera, Roxb., which De Candolle, Prodr. p. 674, refers to Jasminec (having nothing to rely upon except Roxburgh’s figure and description), I hold to be identical with Nathusia, which that same author correctly places in Oleacee, as pointed out by me, ‘ Journal of Botany’ (1864, p. 357). There are in Africa species with single and compound leaves.

I. Jasminum, Tournef. Inst. p. 597. t. 368; Linn. Gen. n. 17; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 301. Calyx campanulatus, 5-8-lobus, dentibus nunc brevibus, nunc subulatis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha ; tubo tereti; limbo plano, 5-8-partito; lobis obliquis, per :estivationem contortis. Stamina 2, tubo adnata, inclusa. Ovarium 2-lobum. Stylus simplex, apice 2-lobus. Bacca didyma, loculis 1-spermis (in J. dispermo solum dispermis). Semina erecta, exalbuminosa.—Frutices, dumosi aut scandentes ; foliis oppositis, rarius alternis, omnibus compositis; petiolo nunc medio articulato et foliolum uni- cum gerente, nunc foliola plura numero imparia 3-7 gerentia et tunc ideo folium trifoliolatum aut imparipinnatum ; paniculis pauci- aut multifloris; corollis flavis aut albis, sæpe extus rubentibus.— —

Nyctanthes, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 25.

l. J. tetraquetrum, A. Gray in Proceed. of the Amer. Acad. vol. v. ; glabrum, erectum ; foliis oppositis 1-foliolatis, articulo petioli obscuro, foliolo ovato-lanceolato seu ovato-acuminato basi acutiuscula 3-nervi; pedunculis brevibus paucifloris; calyce fructifero 4-ptero, alis angustis deorsum in pedicellum longe clavatum decurrentibus sursum in dentes lineari-subulatos verticales tubum 2—3- plo superantes productis.— Mountains of the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. J. australe, Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 8; glabrum, leve, ramis teretibus scandentibus; foliis [PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1866.] x

154 FLORA VITIENSIS.

oppositis l-foliolatis, articulo petioli manifesto; foliolo ovato-elliptico v. ovato-acuminato; panicula terminali trichotoma—cc-flora ; calycis lobis 5 acutis brevibus ; coroll; (albze) lobis 5-8 oblongis tubo brevioribus ; bacca ovata (atro-cerulea). J. simplicifolium, Forst. Prodr. n. 7; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 980, non Roxb. J. gracile, Andr. Rep. t. 127; Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 606. J. geniculatum, Vent. Choix, t. 8. J. volubile, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 321; Fragm. t. 44. fig. 2.—Nomen vernac. Vi- tiense, “ Wa Vatu.”—Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 298) ; Totoga and Moala (Milne!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster! D. Nelson! Sir E. Home! Harvey !), Norfolk Island (King! Bauer! Cunningham !), and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!) East coast of Australia (Bidwill! M*Gillivray ! F. Mueller!).

After carefully comparing the Norfolk Island specimens upon which J. gracile was founded with the authentic specimens of J. simplicifolium, Forst., and finding that the leaves vary in shape and the calyx- teeth are not as different in the two as they are described in books, I have united the two supposed species. -

3. J. didymum, Forst. Prodr. n. 8; Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 200 (ined.), et in Par- kins. Drawings of Tahitian Plants (ined.), t. 2; glabrum v. glabriusculum; ramis teretibus scan- dentibus; foliis suboppositis 3-foliolatis, foliolis subovatis ovato-lanceolatisve obtusis acuminatisve, lateralibus sæpius minoribus ; racemis axillaribus et terminalibus ; calycis dentibus minutis; corollæ (albæ) limbo 4-6-lobo ; seminis integumento imperforato.—Jasminum, e Nov. Caled. Forst. Prodr. n. 490 (fide spec. Forsteriano in Herb. Mus. Brit.). J. divaricatum, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 521; La- bill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 27. J. parviflorum, Decaisne, Herb. Timor. p. 77. J. Azoricum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 66! non Linn.—Nomen vernac. Tahitiense, teste Soland., * Tia tia mana."— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 299), Gau (Milne!). Also collected in Tahiti (Herb. Mus. Brit.! Bidwill! Lay and Collie!), New Caledonia (Forster! Nelson !), and east coast of New Holland (R. Brown !).

The New Caledonian plant, figured by Labillardiére and collected by Forster and Nelson, represents the narrow-leaved form, which often occurs together with the broad-leaved on the same individual. I have followed Asa. Gray in referring here Decaisne's J. parviflorum, from Timor, as a synonym; and I subjoin Solander’s detailed description of the Tahitian plant above quoted. “ Caules lignosi, flexuoso- volubiles (omnino uti Clematidem), longi, teretes, glabri, ramosi. Rami villosiusculi, breves, ad angulum rectum divaricati. Folia sepius opposita, interdum tamen alterna, petiolata, ternata. oliola oblongo- ovata, acuta, integerrima, glabra, brevia, compacta, plana, petiolata; terminale- lateralibus duplo majus (sepe 23 unciam longum), longiusque petiolatum. Peéioli ad rectangulum divergentes, teretes, supra canaliculati, filiformes, glabri, unciales ; petiolellis figura et consistentia petiolorum.— Obs. Interdum foliola equalia, tum petiolelli etiam longitudine equales. Flores albi, suaveolentes, odore florum Jasmini ofici- nalis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 9, illisque parum minores, eymosi. Cyma pedunculata, composita, subtrichotoma ; pedicellis 3-floris, — Petioli axillares, solitarii, foliis breviores, teretes, villosiusculi. Stipule minute, subu- late, opposite, ad singulam subdivisionem cymæ. | Cal. perianthium monophyllum,-urceolato-cylindraceum, . breve (vix lineare), 5-dentatum (variat dentibus 4 et 6), persistens, fructu maturescente, latere rumpens. Dentes a lata basi subulati, brevissimi, sspe insquales. Corolla monopetala, hypocrateriformis. Tubus cylindraceus, crassitie penne passerine, calyce 6-tuplo longior (longitudine semiunciam parum excedens), parum incurvus ex albido-virescens. Limbus planus, patens, 5-partitus. Lacinie oblonge, acute, albe. Stam. filamenta 2, medio tubi inserta, subulata, brevia. Anthere lineares, acute, erectz, infra faucem occultatze. Pist. germen superum, subrotundum, supra planiusculum. Stylus subulatus, tubo paulo bre- vior. Stigma simplex. Pericarp. bacce 2, receptaculo elevato bracteato latere affixe, divaricate, globose, magnitudine Cerasi minoris, glaberrime, levigate, dum virides e pulpa subpellucida uvis viridibus simil- lime, dum mature mnigro-purpurem, uvas nigras non absimiles. Cutis tenuis, pellucida, membranacea. Pulpa mollis. Semina solitaria, globosa, magna, alba, arillata; arillo duriusculo.”

II. Olea, Tournef. Inst. t. 370; Linn. Gen. n. 20; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 288. Calyx brevis, campanulatus, 4-dentatus, rarius truncatus. Corolle tubo brevi, limbo 4-partito plano patente, rarius nulla. Stamina 2, in corollatis imo tubo inserta opposita exserta, in apetalis hypogyna. Ovarium 2-loculare. Ovula in loculis 2, ex apice septi pendula. Stigma 2-fidum aut subcapitatum, sessile v. stylo brevi impositum. . Drupa baccata, carne oleosa, putamine osseo, abortu 2- et seepius l-spermo. Semina inversa. Albumen carnosum. Embryo inversus, rectus, cotyledonibus folia-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 155

ceis.—Arbores v. frutices; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, integerrimis v. dentatis; floribus ssepius fra- grantibus, albis, racemosis paniculatis v. subeorymbosis.

l. O. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arborea, glabra; foliis ovalibus utrinque acuminatis inte- gerrimis, supra lucidis, subtus petioloque rubentibus ; racemis axillaribus paucifloris, floribus pedicel- latis, pedicellis fructiferis incrassatis ; calyce 4-dentato ; corolla staminibusque ignotis; drupa clavata, obtusa, stigmate 2-fido sessili coronata, 1-sperma.—Fagrea Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 259, sine descriptione.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 807).

This is very near O (?) pauciflora, Wall. Cat. n. 2812, from Pulo Penang, of which I have seen an im- perfect specimen, and it is just possible that the two are identical. But my specimens have young fruit only, and differ in having leaves shining above, and simple racemes. The leaves of my plant, exclusive of pee are 6 inches long, and 23 to 3 inches broad; and the lower bracts are ovate and the upper sub- spathulate.

Orpo LX. APOCYNEZE.

The only genus of Polynesian Apocynee not as yet found in Viti is Bicorona phyllireoides, DC. ( Melo- dinus phyllireoides, Labill. Sert. Aust. Cal. t. 33), which Labillardiére discovered in New Caledonia, and which has since been found in Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

I. Melodinus, Forst. Gen. t. 19; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 329. Calyx 5-partitus, eglandulosus, lobis ovatis, 2 exterioribus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha; tubo cylindrico, fauce coronatá, laciniis coronz decem, l-serialibus (ex JM. Cumingii), ante sinus geminatim approximate seu potius basi loborum ex utroque latere insertz, lobis 5, zstivatione dextrorsum imbricato-contortis. Genitalia tubo corollz duplo circiter breviora. Stamina 5, infra mediam partem tubi inserta; antheris subses- silibus, oblongis, acutis. Ovarium ovoideo-conicum, glabrum, 2-loculare. Stylus filiformis. Stigma incrassato-conicum, lateraliter 10-costatum, 2-lobum v. integrum ? Bacca carnosa, globosa, intus pul- posa. Semina co, nidulantia, compressa, umbilico ventrali. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi rectus; cotyledonibus oblongis subfoliaceis.—Frutices scandentes; foliis oppositis, ovato-oblongis, basi obtusis aut subcordatis, brevissime petiolatis, apice angustatis obtusis, coriaceis, margine revo- lutis, nervosis, integerrimis, glabris; cymis folio multo brevioribus, pedunculo glabro, apice tricho- tomo, pedicellis puberulis calyce brevioribus; bracteis ovatis, pedicello brevioribus, pubescentibus; floribus albis.

This genus is represented in Polynesia by JZ. Baueri, Endl., from Norfolk Island (Bauer! Cunning- ham !) and the following species. :

1. M. scandens, Forst. Prodr. n. 125; Icon. (ined.) t. 72 et 73; glaberrimus; caule scan- dente; foliis oblongo-ovatis venosis integerrimis glaberrimis; calycis lobis ovatis obtusiusculis, extus et margine puberulis; corolle (albz) laciniis ovato-acutis falcatis undulatis.—Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 811). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster! W. Anderson! M*Gillivray! Deplanche! n. 81). ;

II. Carruthersia, (gen. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Calyx 5-partitus, glandulosus, lobis ovato-obtusis, 2 exterioribus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo cylindrico ad originem sta- minum inflato, fauce exappendiculata, lobis 5 oblique obovatis patentibus, æstivatione dextrorsum convolutis. Stamina 5, ad inferam partem tubi corolle inserta; filamentis brevissimis; antheris lanceolatis, basi subcordatis, apice pugioniformibus. Nectarium 2-partitum, cum ovariis alternans. Ovaria 2, oc-ovulata. Stylus l; stigma 2-fidum. Bacca globosa, pulposa, oc-sperma. Semina ob-

longa, sulcata. "Testa brunnea, albumen corneum penetrans. Embryo in axi solida albuminis, rectus, ; x2

156 FLORA VITIENSIS.

radicula infera, cotyledonibus oblongis obtusis.—Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-oblongis brevi-acuminatis basi subcordatis coriaceis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque compo- sitis, floribus speciosis.

I have named this new genus in honour of my esteemed friend William Carruthers, Esq., F.L.S., of the

Botanical Department, British Museum, to whom I am indebted for much kind assistance in working up the South Sea Flora. It is related to Alyxia in the ruminate albumen.

1, C. scandens, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XXX.).— Rejoua scandens, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 296. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Wa rerega,” fide Storck.—At Port Kinnaird, Island of Ovalau (Storck! n. 901).

A climbing plant, which would prove a desirable acquisition to our gardens, and flowers in Viti from December to March. The leaves are used medicinally by the natives. Mr. Storck, on transmitting the dried specimens, enclosed a coloured drawing by the late lamented Miss Mary Pritchard, and from these materials our plate has been made. The plant is glabrous in all parts except the calyx lobes, which are

.eiliate, the interior of the corolla tube, and the filaments. Leaves 5 inches long, 23-3 inches broad. Tube of corolla crimson, lobes of corolla more or less white. Drupe nearly 3 inches in diameter.

EXPLANATION oF PrATE XXX., representing Carruthersia scandens. Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, the same with corolla removed; 3, the same with calyx and portion of corolla removed; 4, a stamen; 5, calyx glands, pistil and nectary; 6, ripe fruit; 7, seeds; 8 and 9, sections of seed; 10, embryo:—all, with ex- ception of Fig. 7, magnified.

; III. Alyxia, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 469; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 345. Calyx 5-partitus, eglan- dulosus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha; tubo sepius a medio inflato, apice constricto, interne piloso; fauce esquamatá, nune subgibba; lobis zestivatione dextrorsum superpositis. Stamina 5, medio v. supra mediam partem tubi inserta, filamentis brevibus, antheris lanceolatis. Annulus pilosus (an semper?) e basi ovariorum. Ovaria 2, facie adpressa, ovoideo-fusiformia. Stylus 1. Stigma capitatum v. oblongum, glabrum v. barbatum. Ovula ad suturam ventralem introflexam inserta, pauca, utrinque superposita, adscendentia (ex A. scandenti et A. brevifolid). Drupz 2 (alterá sepius abortiente), stipitatee, ssepius l-sperm:ze et ellipsoidez, nunc 2-sperm:e et medio constrictze, carne parva, endocarpio chartaceo sepius transversim costato suturáque ventral prominente. Semen l v. rarius semina superposita, ellipsoidea, obtusa, facie interná compressi, suturam ventralem ambientia ideoque longitudinaliter sulcata. Testa brunnea, albumen corneum penetrans. Embryo in axi solido albuminis, rectus v. (ex Endl.) curvatus, radiculà infera, cotyledonibus oblongis obtusis. —Arbuscule v. frutices, sempervirentes ; ramis nunc scandentibus ; foliis seepius ternatis v. 4-natis, nune oppositis, integris, glabris, breviter petiolatis; floribus axillaribus v. terminalibus, solitariis v. ' in cymas spiciformes aut umbelliformes dispositis, ssepe fragantibus, albis v. luteis.— Gynopogon, Forst. Gen. n. 18. ud Besides the species found in Viti, there are, in tropical Polynesia, the following species of this genus :—1, A. Gynopogon, Reem. et Schult. (Gynopogon Alyxia, Forst. Prodr. n. 118; A. daphnoides, A. Cunn. Bot. Mag. t. 3313), from Norfolk Island (Forster! W. Anderson! A. Cunningham! Milne !) ; 2, 4. oliveformis, Gaud. in Freye. Voy. p. 451 (A. sulcata, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 90), from the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae! Barclay! Seemann!) ; and 3, A. obovata (sp. nov.) Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (erecta, glabra, ramulis angulatis; foliis oppositis v. ternis obovato-oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis; peduneulis axillaribus com-

pressis medio 3-floris; pedicellis angulatis ; ealycis lobis ovatis acuminatis v. acutis; drupis ignotis), from the Isle of Pines off New Caledonia (W. Anderson !).

1. A. bracteolosa, Rich, mss. ex A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. ; scandens, glaber- rima; foliis plerumque ternis oblongis v, sublanceolatis nunc obtusis nune acumine obtuso apiculatis ' caudatisve basi acutis v. rotundatis supra nitidis transversim lineatis sublonge petiolatis ; cymis axil- laribus co-floris brevissime pedunculatis petiolum vix superantibus; pedicellis brevibus arcte imbri- cato-bracteolatis ; bracteolis ovato-triangularibus dorso carinatis intus concavis ciliolatis sepalis con- similibus; corolla (pallide lutea) longius tubulosa; stigmate imberbi; ovariis glaberrimis; drupis

FLORA VITIENSIS. 157

subglobosis breviter stipitatis—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Vono.”—On the outskirts of woods, Viti Levu, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 310; Storck! n. 900; Barclay! Milne!). Also collected in the Tongan (Nelson! U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Asa Gray distinguishes three varieties of this plant, viz. :—

a. macrocarpa; fructu oliveformi maximo (sesquipollicari) e drupellis 2-3 conflatis. From the Vitian

Islands. B. angustifolia; alte scandens; foliis minoribus angustioribus etiam sublinearibus. From the Tongan

and Vitian Islands. . y. parvifolia; folis minoribus ellipticis (13-2 poll); pedunculis paucifloris nune elongatis, fructiferis petiolo bis longioribus. From the Vitian Islands.

2. A. stellata, Rom. et Schult. Syst. vol. iv. p. 439; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 346; foliis ternatis ellipticis utrinque attenuatis apice obtusis basi acutis undulatis superne nitidis; pedunculis axillaribus petiolo triplo longioribus apice 3-4-floris; pedicellis floribus subbrevioribus, bracteis lobis- que calycinis puberulis ovato-acutid; stigmate oblongo piloso.—Gynopogon stellatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 117; Icon. (ined.) t. 67 et 68; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 34.— Viti, exact locality not speci- fied (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Totoga, rare (Milne!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster! Nelson! Capt. Cook !), New Caledonia (Herb. Webb !), and Isle of Pines (Milne !).

3. A. scandens, Rom. et. Schult. Syst. vol. iv. p. 440; DC. 1. c.; scandens; foliis oppositis petiolatis obtusis, pedunculis axillaribus 3-floris petiolo longioribus pedicellisque compressis; bracteis ovato-acutis; lobis calycinis lanceolatis externe subpubescentibus.—Gynopogon scandens, Forst. Prodr. n. 119, et Icon. (ined.) t. 69; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 34.— Woody places, Ovalau (Milne!). Also collected in the Society Islands (Forster! Nelson! Wiles and Smith! ).

IV. Cerbera, Linn. Gen. ed. i. n. 178; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 352, excl. syn. Calyx 5-parti- tus, eglandulosus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha; tubo cylindrico, ad faucem 5-costato, costis longitu- dinalibus cum lobis alternantibus, nunc pilosis; lobis 5, ovato-acutis, :estivatione dextrorsum contor- tis. Stamina 5, versus medium tubi inserta, antheris lineari-lanceolatis, cuspidatis, filamento mul- toties longioribus. Ovaria 2, facie interná plana, ovata, placentà prominente, subbilocularia. Ovula 4 in ovario, 2 nempe superposita in utraque parte ovarii, medio inserta, erecta, amphitropa. Stylus filiformis. Stigma conicum, margine basi 10:suleatum, apice 2-lobum. Drupa (ex Gertn. cujus descr. perfecta ex Roxb.) abortu ovarii sepius unica, elliptico-globosa, hine valde convexa, illinc planiuseula, e viridi flavescens; epicarpium membranaceum; mesocarpium fibrosum; endocarpium lignosum, semibivalve, semibiloculare. Semina 2, nempe 1 in utroque loculo imperfecto, aut soli- taria (1 abortiente), parieti adhzrentia, apice libera, ovato-acuminata. Albumen nullum. Embryo | inversus. Cotyledones ovato-oblongz, carnose. Radicula brevissima, supera.—Arbuscule foliis alternis, integris; cymis terminalibus di-trichotomis, paniculzformibus; floribus albis.—Odollam,

Rheed. Mal. vol. i. p. 71. t. 39.

= Strictly speaking, the genus Cerbera, Linn., is synonymous with Thevetia, and what we now consider as Cerbera ought to be named Odollam, Rheede. Linnzeus enumerated three species of Cerbera ; one of them (C. Manghas), belongs to the Tournefortian genus Zabernemontana, being identical with T. dichotoma, Roxb., as I have ascertained from the authentic specimens of Hermann, preserved at the British Museum ; and the two others (C. Ahouai, L., and C. Thevetia), have been referred to Thevetia. _ The species which modern authors have placed under Cerbera, are in reality no Cerberas at all, having nothing in common Mes the two typical species (C. Ahouai and Thevetia) of the genus. As I am not able at present to ner x all the doubtful species now referred to Cerbera, I shall not meddle with the generic nomenclature in this place. But I may add that the Tahitian plant considered by Forster and others as C. Manghas is wi very distinet new species, which has large white flowers with a yellow centre, erect calyx lobes, -- Ug "p leaves. I have named it C. Forsteri, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (C. Manghas, Forst. Prodr. n. 120, excl. syn., non Linn.; Sol. Prim. FÌ. Ins. Pacif. p. 238; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 32 et 33). — Nomen vernac. Tahitense, * Reva."— Tahiti (Wiles and Smith!) ; Pitcairn Island, (Cuming! n. 1379). Solander has the following description of it under the name of C. Manghas :—“ Arbor 50-pedalis, lactescens.

158 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Ramuli plerumque terminales, cicatricibus coneavis petiolorum variolati, alias glabri, teretes. Folia in ultimis ramis undique sparsa, oo, lanceolata, sspe paulo ante medium latiora, acuta, integerrima, glabra, nitida, plana, pedalia, venosa; venis parallelis, remotis, fere ad rectangulum exeuntibus venulisque nume- rosis reticulata, basi attenuata in pefiolos longos, 2- v. 8-unciales, glabros, supra planos. Flores candidis- simi, panieulati. Panicula pedunculata, oo-flora. Pedunculi terminales (e centro ramulorum) longitudine foliorum, teretes, glabri. Pedicelli unciales. Calyx 5-phyllus. Foliola oblonga, acutiuscula, erecta, cras- siuscula, ex albido viridia, 2-unciæ longa; caduca; 2 exteriora latiora. Corolla 1-petala, hypocrateriformis. Tubus calyce longior, obtuse pentagonus, cylindraceus, supra calycem ampliatus, uncia paulo longior. Faux clausa nectariis. Limbus patens, maximus, diametro 3-unciali, 5-partitus. Laciniis obliquis, extus latioribus, obtusissimis. Nectaria 5, in fauce corolle ad sinus limbi sita, flava, compressa, intus protube- rantia ibique terminata villis longiusculis niveis. Filamenta 5, brevissima, tubo corolle supra medium in- serta. Anthere ovato-cordatz, didymæ, erecte, cuspide brevi terminats.— Obs. ipsa anthera sub nec- tario occulta cuspide tantum modo supra faucem emieante. Germina 2 supera, subrotunda, obtusa, intus plana. Styli 2, filiformes, tubo corollae breviores. Stigma crassissimum, 10-angulare, conicum, acumina- tum; ipso apice obsolete 2-fido. Drupe geminate (uti folliculi in reliquis contortis), sessiles, maxima, ovo anserino paulo majores, ovales, parum compresse, introrsum laguna lata subobsoleta notat», ad angu- lum obtusum divergentes, basi ubi conjunguntur intus plans, tote glabra, leves, virides, punctis rubris inæqualibus oo irroratz, bene mature fere purpurascentes punctis tantum modo viridibus adsperse. Sub- stantia drupe crassa, stuposa-spongiosa, fibris multis crassis validis intertexta, lactescens. Nua ob- longa, compressa, lateribus acutis, tenuis sed tenax et duriuseula, tres uncias longa, uniloeularis. Nucleus ovatus seu potius figura amygdali, duas uneias longus, niveus." i

1, C. lactaria, Hamilt. ex DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 353; foliis alternis sparsis patentibus v. re- - flexis oblongis glabris utrinque subacutis nervis lateralibus obliquis ; cymis terminalibus et axillaribus folio subbrevioribus, pedicellis longitudine calycis, lobis calycinis ovato-acutis erectis; drupa ellip- soidea v. globosa.—Arbor lactaria, Manga Brava, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. p. 243. t. 81.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, * Rewa” et ** Vasa."— Common on the seaside of Lakeba, Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 309; Barclay !). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster!), New Hebrides (Barclay !), Isle of Pines (M*Gillivray !), and Java (Horsfield !).

A ‘middle-sized' tree. Wood soft. Root a powerful purgative. Flowers used for necklaces.

V. Ochrosia, Juss. Gen. p. 145; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 356. Calyx 5-partitus, lobis obtusis imbricatis, eglandulosis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo cylindrico, intus pilosiusculo, fauce nuda, lobis zestivatione sinistrorsum contortis. Stamina 5, medio tubi corollae inserta, inclusa; antheris lanceolatis, filamento gracili longioribus. Nectarium nullum. Ovaria 2 (in O. parviflord initio coalita, demum libera, ex cl. Hensl.), in aliis semper distincta, glabra. Stylus filiformis, ovario parum longior. Stigma conicum, 2.fidum. Ovula 3-6 in utroque ovario. Drupe exsuccs, ellipsoideo- trigonz, facie internà planiuscule, utrinque acute, divergentes, nune dehiscentes?, mesocarpio coriaceo, endocarpio lignoso. Semina 2, obovata, compressa, pendentia ?, intra endocarpium trans- versa. Cotyledones plans, albumine carnoso cincte.—Frutices v. arbusculz ; foliis verticillatis aut subsparsis, crebris, integerrimis, nervis lateralibus, centrali fere perpendicularibus ; cymis termi- nalibus, 3-chotomis, folio subequalibus ; pedunculis apice oo-floris; pedicellis brevissimis.

There is, in tropical Polynesia, only one more Ochrosia, O. Sandwichensis, DC., from the Hawaiian islands (Macrae! Barclay! Hillebrand !), besides the following species.

1. O. parviflora, Hensl. Ann. of Bot. vol. i. p. 345; A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. ; arbuscula ; foliis ternis quaternisve ellipticis, oblongis v. obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis v. subacumi- natis, basi parum attenuatis, glabris ; lobis calycinis ellipticis obtusis ; drupis ellipsoideis.— O. elliptica, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 30. Cerbera parviflora, Forst. Prodr. n. 121. et Icon. (ined.) t. 70. Alyzia, sp. Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 241.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vaoko," teste Williams.— Viti Levu (Barclay !), Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 316). Also collected in Savage Island (Forster !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Nelson!), Tongan Islands (Nelson! Harvey !), and New Caledonia (Labillardiére).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 159

Tn look not unlike O. Borbonica, but distinct. Leaves very variable in size, the largest, figured by Forster, 8-12 inches long and from 4 to 5 inches broad; the smallest, figured by Labillardiére, 2 inches long and about an inch broad. I cannot distinguish Labillardiére’s O. elliptica from Forster’s Cerbera parviflora, and have therefore no hesitation in uniting them. Asa Gray remarks, * To the lamented Prof. Henslow’s account may be added, that the ovaries are not really united except at their apices, that the ovules are eight, four on each margin of the suture, amphitropous; the mieropyle superior.” And of A. Sandwichensis, DC., with which Forster’s plant has been confounded, he writes, “ Flowerbuds almost an inch long; the narrow lobes of the corolla rather longer than the tube, which is glabrous within. Ovules 3 or 4 in each ovary. Seeds peltate on each face of the nearly complete false partition, exalbuminous? Ra- dicle inferior.” I add Solander’s detailed description of his Alyxia sp., taken from his mss. Flora :—“ Frutex v. arbor parva, tota glabra lactescens. Rami teretes, lete virides, leves. Folia 3- et 4-terna, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, basi in petiolum brevem attenuata, glaberrima: nitida, plana, compacta, venosa; venis tenuis- simis, parallelis, oo, fere ad rectangulum e rachi exeuntibus venulisque obsolete reticulata, spithamea et dodrantalia, unam unciam lata. Petioli breves, vix semiunciales. Flores cymosi; cyma composita, sub- dichotoma, pedunculata. Pedunculi axillares (e supremis axillis), foliis 2- et 3-plo breviores. S/ipule [.Bractee | opposite, ovate, acute, brevissime, ad basin pedicellorum. Calyx 1-phyllus, persistens, cyathi- formis, brevis (vix sesquilinearis), angulatus, 5-dentatus: dentibus ovatis, obtusis, conniventibus ; unde basis tubi corolle valde angustata. Corolla 1-petala, hypocrateriformibus. Tubus cylindraceus, rectus, paulo supra medium pro antheris parum ventricosus, interne glaber, crassitie peune columbine, semuncialis, e virescenti-albidus. Faua nuda. Limbus patens, 5-partitus. Lacinie oblique, oblongo-lineares, obtusi- uscule, albæ, longitudine tubi. Filamenta 5, brevia, paulo infra medium tubo inserta. Anthere oblonge, acuminate, erectæ, intra faucem corolle incluse. Germina 2, supera, oblonga, obtusa, intus plana, extus convexa. Styli 2, filiformes, tubo breviores. Stigma 1, incrassatum, ovato-oblongum, apice subulatum, non nisi vi bipartibile. Drupe 2 (omnino uti folliculi in reliquis contortis), sessiles, ovali-oblonge, parum compress, glabra, magnitudine articuli digiti intermedii, horizontaliter divaricate. Substantia fungosa, sicca. Nua oblonga, dura, crassissima, 2-locularis; dissepimento membranaceo; loculo altero sspe crasso. Nuclei solitarii, ovati, compressi, intus plani, extus convexi.”

VI. Tabernzmontana, Plum. Nov. Gen: p. 18; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 361. Calyx 5-par- titus v. -fidus, lobis estivatione 5-cunciali, 2 exterioribus ; glandulis linearibus, 4-7, basi cujusque lobi v. paulo supra basim adfixis, verticillatis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo inferne medio v. syperne, inflato, ssepius medio angustiore, exappendiculato, fauce nuda, raro glandulosa, lobis obtusis, zestiva- tione marginibus dextrorsum convolutis apiceque replicatis. Stamina parte inflata tubi corollze inserta ; filamentis brevissimis aut nullis; antheris sepius sagittatis, longe acuminatis, rarius linearibus plerumque inclusis. Nectarium nullum. Ovaria 2, adpressa, glabra. Stylus 1, basi interdum prope ovaria duplex, glaber. Stigma antheris proximum, basi plerumque annulatum, medio cylin- draceum v. tuberculis auctum, apice 2-lobum (an raro simplex?). Fructus 2 v. abortu solitarii, lineari-oblongi, oblongi, v. subglobosi, plus minus carnosi, pulposi, divaricati, nervis longitudinalibus paucis. Ovula co, amphitropa. Semina pauca v. plurima, intra pulpam cellulosam nidulantia, quasi arillo colorato tecta? obovoidea, pressione mutua angulata; hilo depresso sulcato longitudinali ; testa longitudinaliter striata; albumine carnoso, cotyledonibus foliaceis apice curvatis, radiculam rectam zequantibus, hilo parallelis, radicula supera, cylindrica.—Arbores v. frutices, intertropicales, ramis sepius dichotomis; foliis oppositis, altero sepe minore, integris, plerumque glabris, petiolis brevibus in stipulas falsas intrapetiolares, basi expansis v. connatis, glandulis preterea axillaribus, et nune lateralibus; cymis axillaribus, plerumque geminis apice ramulorum ; floribus albis v. luteis.— - Pandaca, Pet. Thouars, Gen. Nov. Mad. n. 33. Rejoua, Gaud. Freyc. p. 450. t. 61. Reichardia, Deunst. zum Hart. Mal. 6. n. 47. -

1. T. orientalis, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 468, non Don; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 371; glabra; foliis oppositis, inzequalibus, elliptico-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis ; pedunculis ex dichotomiis ra- morum geminis erectis; dichotomiis 3-5-floris; pedicellis erectis calyce duplo triplove longioribus, lobis calycinis ovato-acutis; tubo corollz (albæ) angusto cylindraceo, laciniis oblongis obtusis sub- longiore; folliculis ellipticis, obtusis.—7. Cumingiana, DC. Prodr. 1l. c. p. 873. T. Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 207. T. citrifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 124; non Linn.; Parkinson, Drawings of

160 : FLORA VITIENSIS.

Tahitian Plants, (ined.) t. 36.—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 312), Wataki (Milne!). Also collected in Namoka (Forster!), Tana (W. Anderson!), Tonga (Nelson!), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Aneitum (Milne !), Tahiti (Banks!), Philippine Islands (Cuming !), and east coast of New Holland (M‘Gilli- vray! Stuart! Cunningham !). :

2. T. (Rejoua) pacifica, (sp. nov.) Seem.; arborea, glabra; foliis longe petiolatis obovato- oblongis abrupte acuminatis integerrimis, basi in petiolum attenuatis; paniculis terfhinalibus tricho- tomo-ramosis; pedicellis calyce multo longioribus; lobis calycinis ovatis-acuminatis; tubo corolle (albze) angusto cylindraceo, laciniis linearibus sublongiore; antheris inclusis ; fructu subgloboso, o0- sperma.—Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 314).

A tree 25 feet high. Petiole, 2 inches long; blade of leaf, 6-8 inches long, 3-4 inches broad. Panicle spreading. Flowers small. Tube of corolla, 6 lines long.

VII. Lyonsia, R. Brown in Trans. Wern. Soc. vol. i. p. 66; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 400. Calyx 5-partitus; lobis basi intus glanduliferis. Corolla profunde 5-fida, externe pubescens; tubo cylindrico-infundibuliformi, esquamato ; lobis lanceolatis, apice recurvis, interne retrorsum barbatis * wstivatione subvalvari v. sinistrorsum subimbricata. Stamina medio tubo corolle v. paulo infra medium inserta ; filamentis in tubum approximatis, puberulis ; antheris medio stigmati adhzerentibus, hastato-oblongis, apice acutiusculis, inferne in caudas approximatas lineares a medio fissis. Nec- tarium cupuliforme, 5-fidum, glabrum; lobis rotundatis. Ovarium nectario brevius, ovoideum, glabrum, 2-loculare. Ovula coo. Stylus 1. Stigma basi annulo horizontali cinctum, supra ovoideum, apice subbilobum. Fructus (ex Br.) capsularis, cylindraceus, 2-locularis, valvis folliculiformibus, dissepimento parallelo libero utrinque seminifero; placentis adnatis; seminibus ad umbilicum comosis, obovatis compressis; albumine parco ; cotyledonibus planis, oblongis, radicula duplo longio- ribus.—Frutices volubiles; foliis oppositis, integris, ellipticis, basi obtusis, apice acutis v. acuminatis, junioribus membranaceis ramulis cymisque subpubescentibus, vetustioribus coriaceis, glabris; cymis axillaribus et terminalibus, folio subbrevioribus, apice trichotomis; floribus breviter pedicellatis, ex- terne pubescentibus. 7

L. scabra, DC. (Echites scabra, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. t. 31; Thenardia scabra, Spr.), is confined to New Caledonia (Labiilardiére) and Eromanga, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!), and is the only species besides the following one as yet found in tropical Polynesia, unless a twining plant, of which I collected the leaves only, and distributed under n. 315, should prove a congener. It is a hairy plant, and certainly is not, as Asa Gray at one time suspected, identical with Z. levis.

1, L. levis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; glabra; foliis ovatis, subcordatis, acu- tato-acuminatis ; calycis lobis triangularibus, acutis, brevibus; corolla fere glabra, fauce tantum annulatim barbata; squamis nectarii discretis, glaberrimis, ovarium subzquantibus; capsula cylin- drica, leviter bisulea.— Viti, exact locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped. !).

VIII. Alstonia, R. Brown, Trans. Wern. Soc. vol. i. p.75; DC. Prod. vol. viii. p. 408. Calyx 5-partitus, eglandulosus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, extus plerumque pubescens; tubo cylindrico, intus ad superiorem partem pubescens esquamato; lobis tubo brevioribus, zstivatione dextrorsum v. sinistrorsum imbricato-convolutis. Stamina medio v. supra mediam partem tubi inserta; filamentis brevissimis; antheris oblongo-lanceolatis, basi cordatis, filamento longioribus. Nectarium nullum v. ovariis toro basi immersis, rudimento fere nectarii annularii, Ovaria 2. Ovula oo, compressa. Stylus 1. Stigma ovoideum, apice 2-lobum (aut interdum simplex?). Folliculi 2, elongati, ventre dehiscentes. Semina oblonga, compressa, mediá facie adfixa, utrinque comosa; spermodermio scabro. Albumen parcum. Radicula supera. Cotyledones oblongz, plane, radicula longiores.— Arbores y. rarius frutices; foliis verticillatis aut oppositis, internodiis multo longioribus, integris,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 161

-nervis lateralibus prope peripheriam connexis; pedunculis apice ramorum oppositis, 3- aut 4-natis, superne dicho- v. trichotomis; floribus szpius albis.— Pala, Juss. Ann. Mus. vol. xv. p. 346.

Subgen. Dissuraspermum, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. Semina undique æqualiter et creberrime ciliato-plumosa, haud vero comosa, basi apiceque in acumen vel caudam producta, cauda superiori apice bifida; albumen tenuissimum. Corolle lobi lineari-lanceolati, sestivatione sinistrorsum (sensu Candollii) convoluti. Faux barbata.— Frutices vel arbuscule Insularum Pacifice ; foliis oppositis, petiolis angustissime marginatis, basi plus minus dilatatis; cymis patentibus.

To this subgenus belongs A. costata, R. Brown, l. c. (.Echites costata, Forst. Prodr. n. 123 excl. syn., et Icon. (ined.) t. 71; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 343; Parkinson, Drawings of Tahitian Plants (ined.) t. 35.) from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Wiles and Smith! Forster! Barclay! Bidwill!). * Brown's doubt," says A. Gray, l. c., “whether the cilia which fringe the seeds were elongated at the base and apex into a coma, evinced his usual caution. In fact, the seeds are not properly comose at all, but equably ciliate-fringed all round, the tails short, flat, and equally fringed with the rest of the margin, the lower one entire and rather blunt, the upper notched or bifid. The rudiments of one or both of these tails are to be seen in A. ophiozyloides, F. Müll., in which the hairs extend both ways into a coma. Forster’s description of the seeds * margine cylindrica’ is, I presume, a lapsus for * margine ciliata." "'

1. A. plumosa, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. p. 28. t. 32; DC. 1. c.; foliis elliptico-oblongis, basi . acuminatis, apice obtusis, glabris; cymis floriferis longitudine foliorum, fructiferis multo longioribus ; calycis 5-fidi lobis obtusis; corolle fauce hispida, lobis lineari-oblongis, interne pubescentibus, tubo

\

sublongioribus, obtusis; folliculis longissimis.—Viti Levu and Vanua Levu (Milne!). Also col- lected in New Caledonia by Labillardiére, and in the Samoan islands by the U.S. Expl. Exped.

“A. plumosa, Labill.," remarks A. Gray, l. c., * to which must belong our specimens from the Samoan and Fiji Islands, is more closely related to the foregoing than would be inferred from Labillardiére's plate, as that does not well represent the stigma (indusiate-appendaged below, and with sharper lobes above,) nor the calyx, which is five-parted to the base. But the seeds are not badly figured, except that the long tails are flat in our specimens rather than exactly filiform. These two species might be wholly detached from Alstonia with better reason than Blaberopus has been.”

2. A. villosa, (sp: nov.) Seem.; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis ovalibus utrinque acutis, supra glabris, subtus villosis; floribus ignotis; folliculis longissimis cylindricis glabris.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 318). |

Possibly Deplanche’s n. 66, from New Caledonia, may be identical with this species, which I collected

in fruit only, and distributed under the erroneous name of A. plumosa, Labill. Petiole 15-2 inches long. Blade of leaf 6-8 inches long, 3—4 inches broad. Follicles 1 foot long.

3. A. (?) sp.; arbor 30 ped.; glaber ; foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis crasse coriaceis ; fl. fructibusque ignotis.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 317).

Specimens neither in flower nor fruit; in leaf resembling some undescribed Bornean species contained in Hooker’s Herbarium. Petioles, 13 inches long; blade, 5-6 inches long, 2-3 inches broad. * Li

f f

Orvo LXI. ASCLEPIADEÆ.

We have, besides the plants mentioned below, the following members of this Natural Order in tropical

, Polynesia :—1. Sarcostemma australe, R. Brown (Cynanchum viminale, Forst. Prodr. n. 127, non Linn.), from the Botanist Island (Forster !), Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home !), and New Caledonia (Capt. Cook !); 2. Asclepias Curassavica, Linn., from Eromanga, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray 1) and the Tongan (Harvey !) and Society Islands (Lay and Collie!), probably introduced, as not known to the older botanists; and

3. Hybanthera biglandulosa, Endl., from Norfolk Island, and thought by Asa Gray to belong to the genus Tylophora. f

` I. Tylophora, R. Brown in Trans. Wern. Soc. vol. i. p. 28; DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 606.

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1866.] Y

162 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Calyx 5-fidus, sepalis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis. Corolla rotata, 5-partita. Corona staminea 5- phylla ; foliolis simplicibus, acuminatis, carnosis, gynostegio prominente plus minusve adnatis perraro stigma superantibus. Antheræ membrana terminate. Masse pollinis transverse v. subascendentes v. processu tereti flexuoso erectze, minute, ventricose. Stigma muticum, prominulum, obscure emar- ginatum. Follieuli leves, apice attenuati, compressi, hinc subangulati. Semina comosa.—Herbæ aut frutices volubiles; pedunculi interpetiolares graciles, haud raro flexuoso-geniculati ; umbellulis secus pedunculum alternatim dispositis; floribus sepissime parvis.

The United States Exploring Expedition found two new Polynesian species of this genus, one in the Samoan Islands (Z. Samoensis, A. Gray) and the other in Viti.

1. T. Brackenridgei, A. Gray in Proceed. of the Amer. Acad. vol. v.; volubilis, glabra; foliis ovatis subcordatis mucronatis; pedunculis petiolum apice haud glanduliferum subzequantibus ; umbellulis oc-floris; floribus carneis undique glabris; corona staminea e glandulis seu gibberibus carnosis lateraliter compressis usque ad apicem acutum adnatis (in sicco subulatis) anthera breviori- bus; polliniis ovalibus juxta medium stipiti brevi flexuoso affixis adscendentibus.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

“Stigma depressed. Immature follicle smooth, short, acuminate-rostrate. Probably this is a con- gener of Endlicher’s Hybanthera biglandulosa, the pollen-masses of which are probably not so pendulous as represented. The structure of the andrecium is very similar, but the coronal appendages are trans- versely dilated at the base, thence gradually tapering to an acute summit, the whole perfectly adnate to the

back of the anther. In Dr. Wight’s Iphisia (T. Iphisia and T. Govanni, Decaisne) I find the same struc- ture, the fleshy appendages equally adnate and laterally compressed."—4A. Gray, l. c.

ais Gymnema, R. Brown in Trans. Wern. Soc. vol. i. p. 83; Decaisne in DC. Prod. vol. viii. p. 621. Calyx 5-partitus, sepalis erectis, ovatis, parvulis, puberulis, marginibus scariosis. Corolla rotata 5-fida, laciniis calycem vix superantibus ssepius 3-angularibus, parvis, crassiusculis, sestivatione contortis, fauce squamulis dentibusve crassiusculis sinubus oppositis in lineas duplices pilosas tubo introrsum desinentibus. Corona staminea nulla. Antherze membrana truncata terminate. Masse pollinis erectze, basi affixz, ovoidese. Folliculi leves. Semina plana, margine tenuiori cincta, co- mosa.—Frutices volubiles v. erectz ; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, subtus tomentosis; umbellis interpetio- laribus, szepius geminis, cymeeformibus, subsessilibus, parvis, multifloris; floribus parvis, congestis, flavescenti-viridibus.

e

A. Gray thinks that to “ Gymnema both Gongronema and Bidaria must doubtless be restored. The sstivation of the corolla, said by Blume to be valvate, is convolute, as described by Decaisne, in all the

species I have examined, but in most of them the margins so slightly overlap that the estivation might readily be taken for valvate." :

1. G. subnudum, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. ; volubile, undique glabellum ; foliis membraneis ovato-lanceolatis seu ovato-oblongis basi rotundatis v. subcordatis; pedunculis petiolum adzquantibus; umbella ssepius bifida ; corolla rotata 5-partita imberbi squamulis fere obsoletis sinu- bus instructa; gynostegio brevissimo.— Mountains of Macuata (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. G. stenophyllum, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. (Tab. XXXL); fruticosum, erectum (3-6 ped.), ramosissimum, fere glabrum; foliis coriaceis linearibus basi attenuatis margini- bus revolutis, costa subtus pilosula; peduneulis axillaribus brevissimis ; corolla rotata alte 5-fida in- appendiculata, lobis extus glabris intus tenuiter barbatis; gynostegio brevissimo ; polliniarum stipiti - bus gracilibus spiraliter contortis.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Yauyau."—On the barren hills of Macuata,Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 322, U. S. Expl. Exped.).

In habit resembling G. erecta, F. Muell., from New Holland, with which it may prove identical. “The follicles are slender, almost as much so as the leaves, and smooth. The pollinia accord with the

FLORA VITIENSIS. 163

character of Sarcolobus, R. Br., but they are not apice lateraliter pellucidz,' as Miquel has it. Dr. See- mann takes this for a new genus, and, indeed, as the genera are arranged by Decaisne, it does not accord throughout with either Bidaria, Gongronema, or Gymnema proper, while the erect habit is also peculiar. a Me the two former genera be restored to Gymnema, the present plant could not well be excluded."— . Gray.

EXPLANATION OF Pirate XXXI., representing Gymnema stenophyllum, A. Gray.—1, an entire flower ; 2, the same, without the corolla ; 3, styles; 4, staminal apparatus ; 5, pollen masses ; 6, follicles; 7, seed,— all, with the exception of 6, magnified.

III. Hoya, R. Brown in Trans. Wern. Soc. vol. i. p. 26; Decaisne in DC. Prod. vol. viii. p. 634. Calyx brevis, 5-phyllus. Corolla rotata, plus minusve alte 5-fida, laciniis planis v. reflexis, sstivatione valvata. Corona staminea 5-phylla, foliolis depressis patentibus v. plus minusve gy- - nostegio verticaliter adnatis carnosis angulo interiore in dentem anthere incumbentem producto. Gynostegium breve. Antherze membrana terminate. Masse pollinis basi affixe, oblonge, com- pressz, conniventes, sepius margine pellucide. Stigma muticum, cum papilla media obtusa v. sub- apiculatum. Folliculi leves v. appendiculis instructi, subpolypteri. Semina comosa.—Frutices v. suffrutices volubiles, scandentes aut decumbentes ; foliis carnosis v. coriaceis v. membranaceis; flori- bus umbellatis ; umbellis extra-axillaribus sæpius co-floris.—Sperlingia, Vahl in Act. Soc. Hafn. vol. vi. p. 112.

A very distinet-looking Hoya has recently been discovered in the Samoan group, viz. H. Samoénsis (sp. nov.), Seem.; scandens, glabra; foliis ovato-ellipticis acuminatis 5-tuplinerviis, nervis utrinque promi- nulis; coroll# lobis extus glabris, intus puberulis. Nomen vernaculum Samoense, “ O-le-Fua-dele-la.’’— Samoan Islands (Powell! in Herb. Hook.).

1. H. bicarinata, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v.; scandens ; foliis glabellis subcar- nosis planis obscure penninerviis ovalibus obovatis seu ovatis brevissime abrupteque acuminatis basi rotundatis subcordatisve, lamina supra petiolum hirtellum glandulosa; pedunculo pedicellis haud longiori ; sepalis lineari-oblongis ; corollz albz extus glabre intus puberulz lobis ovatis acutis planis ; coron: staminez foliolis incrassatis, disco obovato concavo angulo interno longiuscule acuminato, marginibus haud revolutis, dorso eximie. bicarinato.—Asclepias volubilis, Forst. Prodr. n. 128, et Icon. (ined.) t. 75 et 76, excl. syn.—Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 319). Also collected in Tana (Forster !), and the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

What I distributed under the name H. pilosa (n. 321) is probably only a young state of this species, having the leaves more hairy below.

2. H. diptera, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257; scandens, glabra; ramulis 4- angulatis; foliis ovato-ellipticis acuminatis basi ovatis carnosis penninerviis ; pedunculis compressis subalatis, petiolo longioribus; floribus flavis.— Viti Levu and Taviuni, on trees (Seemann! n. 320). Also collected by U. S. Expl. Exped.

Perhaps a specimen, without flower, collected in the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray), which has leaves twice as large as those of my specimens, may belong to this species, of which there are also imperfect specimens

only.

Orpo LXII. : LOGANIACEJZE,

All the genera of Loganiacee of tropical Polynesia are represented in Viti, with the exception of La- bordia. That genus, which according to recent researches, ranks next to Geniostoma, 1s confined to the Hawaiian Islands. Three species of it are known, viz. 1, L. tinifolia, A. Gray, 2, L. fagreoides, Gaud.,

and 3, L. sessilis, A. Gray.

I. Geniostoma, Forst. Gen. p. 24.t. 12. Calyx parvus, acute 5-fidus. Corolla subinfundibu_ ¥2

164 FLORA VITIENSIS.

liformis, tubo calyce paulo longiore sensim ampliato in limbum 5-partitum patentem, lobis ovatis acutis, zestivatione dextrorsum convolutis, fauce barbata. Stamina 5, tubo inserta, filamentis brevis- simis. Stylus filiformis; stigma crassiusculum, didymum aut subbilobum. Capsula oblonga aut ovata, valvis 2 coriaceo-lignosis, margine introflexis arcte junctis et constituentibus dissepimentum de- mum utrinque seminiferum et a valvulis demum divaricatis distinctum. Semina oo, ovato-angulata, aptera. Embryo (ex G. ovato) in medio albuminis carnosi, erectus, long. seminis; radicula cylin- drica, cotyledonibus oblongis sublongiore.— Frutices szpius glabrz, habitu fere Rubiacearum frutes- centium, fructus fere Bursarie, ramis teretibus; foliis oppositis, ovatis, integerrimis, persistentibus ; stipülis intrapetiolaribus in vaginam concretis; floribus albis, in umbellas corymbos paniculasve dis- positis, pedicellatis—DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 26. Anasser et Geniostoma, Juss. Gen. pp. 150 et 420. Anassera, Pers. Ench. n. 602. — Aspilotum, Banks et Soland. ms. ex Cunn. Hemospermum, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1018; Benth. in Linn. Journ. vol. i.

Asa Gray has referred G. crassifolia, Benth., to G. rupestre, Forst., as a variety, so that the number of species of this genus indigenous to tropical Polynesia amounts to three, viz. G. astylum, A. Gray, from the Society Islands, and the two following.

l. G. rupestre, Forst. Prodr. n. 103, et Icon. (ined.) t. 58; foliis ovatis oblongis v. oblongo- lanceolatis acuminatis v. obtusis, basi attenuatis, vagina stipulari truncata brevissima ; cymis axillari- bus 3—7-floris petiolo demum longioribus; pedicellis medio 2-bracteolatis ; calyce breviter 5-fido lobis ovato-acutis ciliolatis; corolle lobis medio et basi intus villosiusculis ; stylo basi villoso; stigmate indiviso; ovario glabro; capsula obovoidea 2-mucronulata levi.— G. Hemosperma, Steudl. Nom. Hemospermum arboreum, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1018.—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 300 et 301). Also collected in Tana (Forster! W. Anderson!), Tonga (Nelson! Capt. Cook! Barelay ! Harvey !), Tahiti (Capt. Cook !), Wallis Island (Greffe! n. 42), New Caledonia (Anderson !), and Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home! M‘Gillivray !).

Asa Gray is inclined to arrange all the forms of this species under the varieties ellipticum, macrophyl- lum, and puberulum.

2. G. (?) microphyllum, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 37 ; ramulis subfiliformibus . sarmentosis glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis longe acuminatis subtus albido-punctatis ; vagina stipulari truncata; floribus ignotis.— Woods of the southern parts of Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 804). :

I ean find nothing like this in our herbaria. The leaves are about $ of an inch long and 2-3 lines broad,—the thin rooting branches adhering to the trunks of trees, like Ficus stipulata and Hedera Helis.

II. Fagraa, Thunb. Nov. Gen. vol. ii. p. 34; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 28. Calyx basi 2-brac- teolatus, 5-partitus, lobis imbricatis obtusis. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo superne subampliato, lobis obliquis per zestivationem contortis, demum patentibus. Stamina 5, medio tubo inserta, fila- mentis subulatis subexsertis, antheris 2-locularibus subincumbentibus. Ovarium 2- v. marginibus carpellorum axim non attingentibus. fere 1-loculare. Stylus filiformis; stigma peltato-depressum. Bacca corticata ovalis, 2-locularis, septo e valvis induplicatis duplici. Placentz pulpose. Semina oo, pulpa immersa, parva, crustacea. Albumen corneum. Embryo minutus, in dimidia inferiore parte seminis; radicula infera v. subobliqua, eotyledonibus obtusis longiore.— Frutices v. arbores, glabri; ramulis seepius tetragonis; foliis petiolatis oppositis, ovalibus, integris coriaceis; stipulis in- trapetiolaribus; floribus albis, in corymbum racemumve trichotomum terminalem dispositis.— Kuhlia, Reinw. (non Kunth) et ipso monente Blume, Bijdr. 777.

l. *F. Berteriana, A. Gray, ms., ex Benth. in Linn. Journ. vol. i. p. 98; arborea; foliis longiuseule petiolatis obovato-oblongis obtusissimis v. breviter acuminatis coriaceis crassis obsolete

FLORA VITIENSIS. 165

venosis, petiolorum basi stipulacea brevi rotundata; corymbo terminali brevi, trifido vel trichotomo ; corollz tubo elongato supra medium ampliato calyce triplo longiore.—A rbor 30-pedalis, affinis F. Zey- lanice, coroll tubi parte tenui longe exserta, brevior tamen est, corolla tota 24-8 pollicaris nec 4-5 pollicaris, antherze angustiores videntur.— Carrissa grandis, Berter. Besleria laurifolia, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 267, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 58 (ined.).—Nomen vernac. Tahi- tense, * Pua,” Vitiense ** Bua."— Bua or Sandalwood Bay of Vanua Levu, and Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 308; Harvey!). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay!), Loyalty Islands (Sir G. Grey !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Bidwill!), and New Caledonia (Forster! Sir E. Home !).*

A middle-sized tree, which is very much esteemed by all Polynesian natives on account of its sweet- scented flowers, which on opening are pure white and gradually turn cream-coloured. In Viti the Bua blossoms in September and Seibert and one of the,months of the Fijian calendar is occasionally called the Vulai Bua, or Bua month. The flowers, or rather corollas, are gathered after they have dropped on the ground, and brought home in baskets. They are tubular, white, and fleshy, and are either strung into necklaces, which retain their delicious and powerful perfume long after they are dry, or they are placed while still fresh in cocoa-nut oil, in order to impart scent to it. Sandalwood and Bua flowers are often put into the same vessel of oil. The abundance of the tree (which yields a hard, white wood) at Sandalwood Bay may have given rise to its native name “ Bua,’’—a form of “ Pua,” (literally * ree flower”), by which the plant is known in the Society Islands.

2. F. gracilipes, A. Gray, l.c.; scandens; foliis lato-ovatis subcoriaceis obtusis v. apiculato- acutis basi in petiolum longum abrupte decurrentibus; cyma terminali sessili co-flora, foliis multo breviore; calyce parvo; corolla (viridiuscula) e tubo angusto superne late obconico-ampliata ; stami- nibus subexsertis; stigmate capitellato; ovario prorsus 1-loculari, placentis arcte parietalibus.—F. viri- diflora, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 259.—Ovalau, on the outskirts of woods (Seemann! n. 306).

Flowers greenish-white ; filaments curved, green ; anthers yellow.

III. Couthovia, Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. iv. p. 324, et vol. v. p. 320. Calyx 5-partitus, segmentis imbricatis rotundatis crassis, marginibus tenuibus. Corolla brevis, 5-fida, zstivatione valvata. Stamina 5, tubo v. fauci inserta; filamenta brevia v. brevissima; anther oblong. Ova- rium 2-loculare, ovatum, stylo apiculatum. Stigma subcapitatum, 2-lobum. Ovula in placentis medio dissepimento adnatis oo, amphitropa. Fructus clavatus, drupaceus, basi attenuatus, sar- cocarpio tenui, putamine lignoso percrasso, 2-1-loculari, 2—1-sperma. Semina subcylindracea.— Arbores glabre, stipulis Labordee, foliis subcoriaceis penninerviis, ovatis v. obovatis, cyma terminali e radiis 2—4 apice cc-floris, floribus parvis haud pedicellatis, corolla (alba) fere Strychnorum breviflorarum.

“The materials collected by Dr. Seemann,” says Asa Gray, l. c., * comprising flowers and fruit, con- firm the genus Couthovia and fix its position in the vicinity of Strychnos, calling, however, for some exten- sion of the character of Bentham’s third tribe. There are indications of dimorphism or incipient difference in sex in the flowers examined. Some corollas of C. corynocarpa are beardless or nearly so, and have the anthers almost sessile in the throat, while others of the same cyme are conspicuously bearded in the throat,

and their equally subexserted anthers are borne on filaments of their own length, inserted some way down on the tube. The style is sometimes slender and exserted, sometimes shorter or very short; the ovary in

the latter is certainly fertile."

1. C. corynocarpa, A. Gray, lc. vol. v. p. 320 (Tab. XXXII.) ; ramis fastigiatis ; calycis segmentis ciliolatis; antheris oblongis, basi emarginatis, apice apiculatis. Garínera pyramidalis, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257, et vol. x. p. 37.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Boloa."— Interior of Viti Levu, in the Namosi Valley (Seemann! n. 303).

Drupe eaten by the wild pigeons. : i EXPLANATION OF Puare XXXII., representing Couthovia corynocarpa, A. Gray, from specimens col- lected by me.— 1, an entire flower; 2, flower, laid open and the calyx removed ; 8, a stamen ; 4, cross sec- tion of ovary; 5, ripe fruit; 6 and 7, cross and longitudinal section of ripe fruit,—all, with the exception of

5, 6, and 7, magnified.

166 FLORA VITIENSIS.

2. C. Seemanni, A. Gray, l.c., p. 320; ramis divaricatis; calyce segmentis margine glaberri- mis; antheris subsagittatis; corolla fauce eximie albo-lanata, an semper ?—Gertnera barbata, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257, et vol. x. p. 37.—Ovalau, in forests (Seemann! n. 305).

The habit of these two species is very different; C. corynocarpa forming pyramidal trees, with dark- green foliage (made rather too light by our colourist) and they constitute a peculiar feature in the land- scape of the Namosi Valley of Viti Levu; moreover they grow quite in the open country. C. Seemanni, on the contrary, inhabits the virgin forests of Ovalau, and has a light-green foliage, and spreading, not tapering, mode of branching.

IV. Strychnos, Linn. Gen. n. 253; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 12. Calyx 5-lobus. Corolla tubu- losa, hypocraterimorpha v. tubo abbreviato infundibuliformis, fauce nuda aut barbata, limbi 5-partiti lobis per sestivationem valvatis, sub anthesin patehtibus. Stam. 5, fauci inserta, filamentis brevis- simis, antheris subexsertis. Ovarium 2-loculare. Stylus filiformis. Stigma capitatum, indivisum v. obscure subbilobum. Ovula co, in placentis carnosis dissepimento utrinque adnatis inserta, amphi- tropa, micropyle (ex Endl.) infera. Bacca corticata, l-locularis, oo-sperma v. abortu 1-sperma. Semina in pulpa nidulantia, discoideo-compressa, umbilico ventrali. Embryo in basi albuminis carti- laginei subbilamellati, excentrieus, rectus, brevis, cotyledonibus sessilibus foliaceis, radicula tereti vaga.—Arbores fruticesve, sæpius scandentes; foliis oppositis, brevipetiolatis, integerrimis, basi 3-5-nerviis; petiolis basi connatis; folium alterum sepe abortivum et ex axilla ramulum simplicem cirrhiformem exserens; axillis in aliis speciebus spinam rectam gerentibus; corymbis axillaribus aut terminalibus; floribus albis seu albido-virescentibus sepius odoratis.— Ignatia, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 20. Ignatiana, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 155. Brehmia, Harvey in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1842, p. 25, non Schrank; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. i.

1. S. colubrina, Linn.? DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 14; glabra, scandens; cirrhis plerisque bifur- catis; foliis ovatis ellipticisve obtusis v. vix acuminatis; cymis laxis axillaribus terminalibusque ; floribus plerisque 5-meris; corolle tubo calyce breviore.—S. bicirrhosa, Lesch. DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 16; Benth. l.c. Modira Caniram, Rheed. Mal. t. 24.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 302; Milne !).

V. Canthiopsis, (gen. nov. Gerinerearum) Seem. Calyx cupuliformis, irregulariter 5-dentatus. Corolla tubo abbreviato, limbo patente 5-fido, lobis obovatis obtusis, sestivatione contortis. Stamina 5; corolle tubo inserta; filamentis brevissimis; antheris linearibus longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, introrsis, exsectis. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulis pendulis. Stylus elongatus ; stigma bilobum. Drupa 2-locularis. Semina...—fFrutex erectus, glaber; foliis oppositis petiolatis ellip- ticis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis, basi attenuatis ; integerrimis, penninerviis ; stipulis intra-axillaribus ovatis acuminatis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque paucifloris folio brevioribus, floribus pallide flavidis odoratis.

This new genus supplies the exact Loganiaceous parallel to the Rubiaceous subtribe Canthiea, for which Bentham was searching when he wrote his valuable paper on this Order. Canthiopsis has solitary endulous ovules, and forms a new tribe of Loganiacee. If at a future time that ill-defined Natural Order should be broken up, Canthiopsis would have to be referred to Myoporinee, with which it agrees in the solitary pendulous ovules and other particulars, though the stipules would be against that arrangement, unless we look upon some of the verticillate-leaved Myoporinee as having foliaceous stipules.

1, C. odorata, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Plate XLVI.).—Korovono, Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 260).

A shrub 6 feet high. Petioles about 1 inch long. Blade of leaf 4-5 inches long, 13-2 inches broad. Corolla occasionally 6-merous, pale yellow. Tube villose inside.

Expranation oF Prarie XLVI., representing Canthiopsis odorata.—1, a flower-bud ; 2, an expanded flower ; 3, corolla, laid open; 4, a stamen ; 5, pistil; 6 and 7, sections of ovary,—all magnified.

i

FLORA VITIENSIS. | 167

Orvo LXIII. GENTIANEZE.

I. Erythrza, Ren. Spec. 77; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 57. Calyx 5-4-partitus ; seg- mentis planiusculis exalatis. Corolla infundibuliformis, nuda, supra capsulam marcescens; tubo cylindrico; limbo 5—4-partito. Stamina 5—4, corollz tubo superne inserta. Anthere erectze, spira- liter tortze, exsertæ. Ovarium 1-loculare v. valvis parum introflexis semibiloculare; ovulis ad sutu- ram insertis. Stylus distinctus, deciduus ; stigmate bilamellato aut indiviso capitulato. Capsula 2- valvis, septicida, l-semibilocularis, placentis spongiosis suturalibus. Semina placente immersa, subglobosa, levia, minuta.—Herbe annus; caule subangulato; foliis basi connatis; cymis sæpius terminalibus dichotomis; floribus roseis v. albis aut flavis.—Schenkia, Griseb. in Seem. Bonplandia, vol. i. p. 226. Hippocentaurea, Schult. CEstr. vol. i. p. 389.

Besides the species enumerated below, there is, in tropical Polynesia, a second species of this genus, which I discovered in Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, and which was held to be the type of a new genus, until A. Gray reduced it to Erythrea. “ This plant," says the great American botanist, “ was not met with by the naturalists of Wilkes's expedition. But having examined Seemann's n. 2272 and Remy’s n. 375 from Oahu, I cannot regard the plant as other than a close congener of the plant which it most resembles, viz. Erythrea spicata. The leaves are broader and rounder, being broadly-oval; the tube of the corolla pro- portionally shorter, and its lobes broader; the sepals are less narrow and more carinate, or, if you please, winged on the back. But this varies somewhat, even in the sepals of the same flower, and, at most, is only a matter of degree, the sepals being carinate, at the base sharply so, in F. spicata. So other American species affect a transition in this respect to Gyrandra, Griseb. (Erythrea chironioides, Torr.). Grisebach describes the stigma of his Schenkia as “ capitulatum " or “crassiusculum ;" but there must be some mis- take or confusion here, for in Seemann’s own specimens,which I have examined, as also in those of Remy, the stigma is very large and just as in .E. spicata, that is, appearing as this organ is characterized by Grise- bach in the section Spicaria, but upon maceration separating completely into two nearly orbicular flat divi- sions. In Erythrea generally I cannot verify the character “corolla supra capsulam contorto-marcescens.”

1. E. (Spicaria) australis, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 451; caule stricto superne ramoso ; foliis ellip- tico-oblongis obtusis; cyma basi dichotoma spiciformi, flore centrali brevissime pedicellato; corollz 4-5-fidee tubo sub anthesi calycem paulum excedente, lobis anguste oblongis obtusis.— Viti, locality not specified (Sir E. Home!). Also collected in New Caledonia (M*Gillivray), Isle of Pines

(M‘Gillivray !), and New Holland.

II. Limnanthemum, Gmel. in Act. Petrop. 1769. p. 527; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 138. Calyx 5-partitus, segmentis basi in tubum connexis. Corolla decidua, rotata, submembranacea et siccata fugitiva, 5-partita, segmentis varie fimbriatis glandulis hinc epipetalis instructa. Stamina 5, corolle tubo inserta, filamentis basi qualibus. Anthere erectz, immutate. Ovarium glandulis 5 hypogynis cinctum, 1-loculare, ovulis suture insertis. Stylus nunc abbreviatus, cum stigmate 2- - lobo persistens. Capsula 1-locylaris, evalvis, demum maceratione aperiunda ; placentis suturalibus. Semina 2—00; testa levi aut muricata.— Herb: perennes, in aquis natantes, inflorescentia axillari aut petiolari; foliis longe petiolatis natantibus peltatis v. cordatis, orbiculatis, integerrimis v. integris ; umbellis inzequalibus sessilibus emersis. Ludunt quzdam flore 5-8-mero.

1. L. Kleinianum, Griseb. Gent. p. 344, et in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 139 (Tab. XXXIII.) ; foliis cordato-orbiculatis, supra lzevibus v. asperiusculis, subtus glanduliferis demum lacunoso-asperis, 3-nerviis, nervis subtus prominentibus; calycis segmentis ovato-lanceolatis corolla subduplo brevio- ribus capsulam subzquantibus; corolle albz fundo lute segmentis margine et intus inordinate fimbriatis eglandulosis; stylo abbreviato crasso; stigmate 2-lobo; capsula oo-sperma, seminibus nitidis levibus obtuse carinatis.— Villarsia Indica, Wall. Cat. n. 4352. Menyanthes, e Nov. Caled. Forst. Prodr. n. 502 excl. syn. Rheed. (fide spec. in Mus. Brit.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense “ Beka-

*

168 FLORA VITIENSIS.

bekakairaga."— Viti Levu, in ponds (Seemann! n. 323). Also collected in New Caledonia (For- ster !) and the East Indies.

The plant distributed by Hooker and Thomson under the provisional name of Z. Kleinianum cannot be Grisebach’s plant, as the seeds are muricate. The plant figured by me agrees in every essential point with L. Kleinianum, and I have therefore referred it to that species. If future investigations should bring to light any distinction between this Polynesian species and L. Kleinianum, let it be named L. Forsteri, as it was first discovered, during the last century, by Forster in New Caledonia, and referred by him to Menyanthes. lt is, therefore, not a recent introduction, as Pickering supposes. . M‘Gillivray collected a Limnanthemum in Aneitum, New Hebrides, which may possibly belong to this species, but it wants ripe fruit.

Expranarion oF Prare XXXIII. representing Limnanthemum Kleinianum, Griseb.—Fig. 1, a flower-bud ; 2, an expanded flower; 3, stamen; 4, calyx and nearly ripe fruit; 5, cross-section of fruit; 6, a seed :—all magnified.

Orbo LXIV. BORAGINEA.

Besides the species described or alluded to below, there is, in tropical Polynesia, Heliotropium Curassavicum, Linn., from the Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson! Macrae !), Heliotropium anomalum, Hook. et Arn. (Lithospermum incanum, Forst. Prodr. n. 63; Icon. (ined.) t. 35; Pentacarya heliotropioides, DC.), from Savage Island (Forster!). Keou or George Island (W. Anderson !), and Modoo and Palmerston Islands (D. Nelson!), as well as the variety argentewm, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson !), and Tournefortia gnaphalioides, R. Brown, (Heliotropium gnaphalioides, Linn.), from the Society Islands (Lay and Collie !).

I. Cordia, Plum. Gen. 13. t. 14. Calyx tubulosus obovatus campanulatusve, 4—5-dentatus, rarius 3- seu 6-8-dentatus, regulariter aut irregulariter, nunquam circumscisse dehiscens. Corolla infundibuliformis vel hypocraterimorpha; limbo 4-5-partito, rarius 6-12-lobo. Stamina tot quot lobi, corollz tubo inserta. Stylus bis bifidus, szpius exsertus. Drupa ovata aut globosa, pulposa, calyce persistente szepius cincta, nunc in ovario 4-locul. post anthesin abortu ad loculos 1-3 seepe reducta ; loculis 1-spermis.—Arbores aut frutices, foliis alternis aut rarissime suboppositis, petiolatis, forma varia, integerrimis aut dentatis; floribus dispositione variis, interdum abortu polygamis aut monoicis; corolla fere omnium alba.—DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p.471. Cordia et Varronia, Linn. Gen. n. 256 et 258. Sebestena, Bank, Dill.

Besides the two species enumerated below, there is in tropical Polynesia C. dichotoma, Forst. Prodr. n. 110; R. Brown, Prodr. p. 498, from New Caledonia (Herb. Mus. Brit.! probably collected by Forster) and

the east coast of New Holland (R. Brown!). The leaves are crenate and lepidote underneath, whilst the calyx is smooth. It is altogether different from the plant regarded by Sprengel as Forster's C. dichotoma.

l. C. (Sebestenoides) subcordata, Lam. Ill. n. 1899 (Tab. XXXIV.); arborea, glabra; ramis teretibus ; foliis longis petiolatis ovatis aut subcordatis subacuminatis integerrimis subundula- tis subtus ad nervorum lateralium axillas barbatis ; paniculis lateralibus subracemosis; calyce cylin- draceo exsucco glabriuseulo coriaceo late irregulariter 3—5-dentato ; corolla (aurantiaca) infundibuli- formi tubo calyce paulo longiore ore patente limbo rotundo 6-7-lobo; drupa ovata submucronata.— C. Sebestena, Forst. Prodr. n. 108, non Linn.; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 235 (ined.); Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants. t. 29 (ined.). C. campanulata, Roxb. Fl. 1nd. ed. i. vol. ii. p. 336. ed. ii. vol. ii. p. 593. C. Rumphii, Blum. Bijdr. p. 843. C. hexandra, Willd. Herb. C. orientalis, Reem. et Schult. Syst. vol. iv. p. 449. Novella nigra, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. p. 226. t. 75.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Nawanawa," teste Seemann ; Tahitiense, teste Solander, “ Tou."— Island of Ta- viuni, about Somosomo, and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 337), Viti Levu (Barclay !). Also collected in Wallis Island (Greffe!), and in the Hawaiian (Macrae! Barclay ! Seemann !), Marquesas (Bar-

clay !), and Society Islands (Banks and Solander!). Diffused over the East Indies, the Moluccas, : tropical New Holland, and the islands of Eastern Africa. : |

FLORA VITIENSIS. 169

The seeds of this tree are eaten by the natives, but there is not much taste in them. The flowers somewhat resemble those of O. speciosa, but they are neither so bright nor so numerous as in that species. The older botanists always confounded C. subcordata with C. speciosa (Sebestena), and Solander gives of it, in his manuscript Flora of the Society Islands, under that name, the following detailed description :—“ Arbor procera, interdum precipue locis humidis 80-pedalis et ultra. Rami teretes, glabri. Folia alterna, petio- lata, ovata, acuta (sepe acuminata), integerrima, obsolete undulata, glabra, superne pilis raris brevissimis decumbentibus adspersa, subtus levia, spithamea et smpe pedalia, venosa; venis paucis remotis, prope quas in foliis junioribus lanugine rivulosa. Petioli foliis duplo breviores, glabriuseuli. Panicule florum oppositifoliz, solitariw, bis vel ter dichotome, petiolis breviores. Calyx cylindraceus, teres, levis, semun- cialis, 3-, 4- vel 5-dentatus. Dentibus ovatis, inæqualibus, unicus plerumque cæteris duplo major. Corolla infundibuliformis, fulva. Zubus calyce paulo longior, vix uncialis. Limbus campanulatus, 5-fidus. Pila- menta 5, tubo corollæ adnata, superne tantum libera, longitudine tubi. Anthere oblongo-lineares, erectæ, flavæ. Stylus staminibus longior sed corolla brevior, superne bis 2-fidus. Stigmata obtusiuscula. Drupa ovata, acutiuscula, calyce persistenti excreto ereeto circumvoluta. Nus sulcato-sinuosa, dura, crassa, 4- locularis. Nuclei solitarii, ovati, compressi, nivei.

“ Authores arborem Indiæ Orientalis describentes flores dicunt aurantiacos seu fulvos uti nostri fuere, illi autem qui occidentalem arborem describunt flores aiunt escarlatinos seu miniatos et folia aspera; forte specie distinguendæ, quod conferentibus appareat.”

“ Obs.—Collibus glareosis saxosisque fere vix 30-pedalis, in locis humilioribus luxurians, alta evadit arbor, ubi frequens plantata, precipue prope ædes, ob usum foliorum in tin gendo rubro cum fructu Fici tine- forie, ms. 1514. Folia vel guttatim adsperguntur succo fieuum, aquaque- nucum cocos, vel immerguntur liquore ex aqua cocos et sueco ficuum preparata, deinde assidue manibus premantur conterunturque ; color tunc emicat ruber et tinctura ex inde colligitur que per fibras Cyperi elati colati linteis conciliat elegantem colorem amene rubrum. Loco foliorum Cordie Sebestene, folia juniora Convolvuli Brasiliensis, Linn. Sp. Pl., adhibentur, minus tamen expetita nec in usu vocatur ubi Sebestena occurrit."

ExPLANATION OF Pratt XXXIV., representing Cordia subcordata, Lam. Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, corolla laid open; 3, pistil; 4 and 5, longitudinal and cross-sections of ovary; 6, ripe fruit :— Figs. 3, 4, and 5, slightly magnified. Fig. 6, copied from Parkinson's Drawing at the British Museum, which has also served as a pattern to the colourist for the whole plate.

2. C. (Gerascanthus) aspera, Forst. Prodr. n. 109 (Tab. XXXV.) ; arborea, pube ferruginea hirsuta demum glabrescens; foliis membranaceis ovatis acuminatis asperulis supra glabratis, serratis, serraturis subulatis ; floribus parvis cymoso-glomeratis ; calyce ovato-cylindraceo ferrugineo-villoso 10- striato, dentibus 5 minimis subulatis; corolle (albz) tubo calycem vix superante lobis æstivatione inflexis et corrugatis longiore; drupa ovata acuta nuda, putamine 1-2-spermo. A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad.—C. Sprengelii, DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 473. C. dichotoma, Sprengl. Pug. p. 19. n. 34. non Forst. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tou."—0On the banks of streams, Taviuni, and most of the . other islands (Seemann! n. 336). Also collected in the Tongan (Forster! D. Nelson!), and Sa- moan islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A tree about 20 feet high, the fruit of which is used for glueing native cloth together. i

ExPrAwATION OF Pirate XXXV., representing Cordia aspera, Forst. Fig. 1, a flower-bud; 2, an open flower; 3, corolla laid open; 4, a pistil; 5, an anther ; 6, (petal ; 7 and 8, longitudinal and cross- sections of ovary :—all magnified. One of the larger leaves is represented in outline in the background of the plate. : II. Tournefortia, Linn. Gen. n. 192. Calyx 5- rarius 4-partitus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, rarius tubo abbreviato 5-fida, fauce nuda. Stamina 5 rarius 4 inclusa, plerumque medio aut supra mediam partem tubi inserta; filamentis tubo adnatis; antheris linearibus aut lanceolatis, plerumque acutis submucronatis. Stylus sepius brevis, nunc elongatus aut deficiens. Stigma indivisum v. 2- lobum, peltatum v. subconicum. | Ovarium 4-loculare, ovulis in loculo solitariis, pendulis, anatropis. Fructus 2-carpellaris, carpellis nune indivisis pyreniformibus 2-spermis 2-3-locularibus, nune 2-par- titis et ideo fructus 4-dymus seu 4-gaster evadens. Semina in loculis solitaria; radicula supera, brevi, cotyledonibus ovatis planis.—Frutices erecti aut scandentes, rarius aut arborescentes aut herbe, foliis szepissime alternis petiolatis integerrimis, rarissime aut partim oppositis aut sessilibus aut sinuatis; spicis secundifloris bracteatis sepius cymosis, corollis albis v. flavidis.—DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 513.— Messerschmidia, Linn. Mant. m

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1866.] Z

170 FLORA VITIENSIS.

1. T. (Mallota) argentea, Linn. fil. Suppl. 133; fruticosa, erecta, tota dense sericeo-tomen- tosa; foliis ad apices ramorum confertis ovalibus obovatisve sessilibus integerrimis; cyma subpanicu- lata, spicis confertis abbreviatis ; corolla breviter tubulosa, lobis rotundatis ; stigmate subsessili 2-fido ; baccis ovatis glabris.—Common on the seabeach of nearly all the Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 335). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!), Otakoo-taea (Nelson!), Savage Island (Capt. Cook !), Chesterfield group (Mus. Brit.), and Tongan Islands (Forster!). Diffused over trc- pical New Holland, the Moluccas, East Indies, and Mauritius.

On»o LXV. CONVOLVULACE.

This Order is represented in tropical Polynesia by ten genera, including, besides those described below, Jaequemontia, Convolvulus, Calystegia, Bonamia, and Evolvulus. We have of Jaequemoniia one species, viz. J. Sandwichensis, A. Gray (Convolvulus ovalifolius, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. non Vahl; Jpomoa ovalifolia, Chois. pro parte), from the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies! Nelson!); of Convolvulus one species, viz. C. parviflorus, Vahl, Symb. vol. iii. p. 29 (C. corymbosus, Forst. Prodr. n. 80), from New Cale- donia and the Isle of Pines (W. Anderson! MGillivray !); of Calystegia three Norfolk Island species, viz. C. affinis, Endl., C. Soldanella, R. Brown, and C. marginata, R. Brown; of Bonamia one species, viz. B. Menziesii, A. Gray, from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies! in Mus. Brit.); and of Evolvulus one species, viz. E. linifolius, Linn. (E. heterophyllus, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 29), from New Caledonia (....).

I have succeeded in identifying all Forster's and Solander’s Convolvulacee, with the exception of Con- volvulus grandiflorus, Forst. Prodr. n. 76, from Tana, and Zpomea carnea, Forst. Prodr. n. 83, from the Society Islands. The former, according to Choisy, is identical with Calonyction speciosum ; the latter may be either Ipomea denticulata or I. campanulata. But at the British Museum there are no authentic spe- ` cimens, figures, or description of these two, and Forster's brief diagnoses are insufficient for identification.

I. Batatas, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 367; Chois. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 337. Sepala 5. Corolla campanulata. Stamina inclusa. Stylusl. Stigma capitatum, 2-lobum. Ovarium 4-locu- lare aut abortu 3-2-loculare. Capsula dehiscens.—Herbe aut suffrutices.— Bomóycospermum, Presl, Rel. Hænk.

Besides the following two species there is in tropical Polynesia B. pentaphylla, Chois., collected in the | . Hawaiian Islands (Nelson !).

l. B. edulis, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 53; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 338; radice tuberosa; caule repente raro volubili; foliis variis szepius angulatis etiam lobatis 2—6 pollices longis acutis cordatis petiolatis; pedunculis petiolum zequantibus aut superantibus 3—4-fidis; sepalis acuminato-mucro- natis raro subtruncatis exterioribus paulo brevioribus ; corolla campanulata (?) purpurea.— Batatas, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 967. t. 130. Kappa Kalengu, Rheed. Mal. vol. vii. p. 95. t. 50. Convolvulus Batatas, Linn. Am. Ac. vol. vi. p. 121. C. esculentus, Sal. Prodr. 123. C. chrysorrhizus, Sol. in Forst. Plant. Escul. 24; Forst. Prodr. n. 503; Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 224, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 19 (ined.). 7pomea mammosa, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 93, ex parte ?— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Kumara” v. ‘‘ Kawai ni papalagi."—Cultivated throughout Viti (See- mann !). ;

The Sweet Potato succeeds well under cultivation, but is not much valued by the natives. It is probably an introduction from New Zealand, as one of its native names (Kumara) is identical with that used by the Maories, and as the other vernacular nme (Kawai ni papalagi, or foreign Dioscorea), points to its importa- tion from abroad. It is singular that the Quichua name for sweet potato, which I found in the high- lands of Ecuador, is * Cumar,” identical with the Polynesian Kumara or Umara, and perhaps pointing to the

country whence the South Sea Islanders originally obtained this esculent. I directed the attention of Mr. Markham to this fact, and he has incorporated it in his ‘ Dictionary of the Quichua Language.’

2. B. paniculata, Chois. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 339; caule volubili glabro crasso; foliis pe- tiolatis amplis palmatis 5—7-fidis glabris, lobis ovato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis raro acuminatis ; pedun-

.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 171

culis petiolos multo superantibus oc-floris dichotomis ; sepalis ovato-rotundatis concavis obtusissimis sequalibus 3—4 lineas longis; corolla (purpurea) basi coarctata speciosa; seminibus longe pilosis.— C. paniculatus, Linn. Spec. 223. C. insignis, Spreng. Syst. vol. i. p. 592. Ipomea paniculata, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 486 (non Burm.), Bot. Reg. t. 62. J. Mauritiana, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. vol. xi. p. 89. t. 200. T. gossypifolia, Willd. Enum. p. 208. J. eriosperma, Beauv. Fl. Owar. vol. ii. p. 73. t. 105. J. insignis, Andr. Bot. Rep. 635; Ker, Bot. Reg. 75; Sims, Bot. Mag. 1790. Nomina vernac. Vitiens. * Wa Uvi" et “ Dabici."—Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 330; Storck! n. 902).

II. Pharbitis, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 56, et in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 841. Calyx 5-sepalus. Corolla campanulata aut campanulato-infundibuliformis. Stylus 1; stigma capitato-granulatum. Ovarium 3- rarius 4-loculare, loculis 2-spermis.—Herbe volubiles, elongatze, speciosee, perplurimee ornamenti gratiá in hortis cultze; pleraeque retrorsum pilose.— Convolvuloides, Moench. Ornitho- spermum, Raf.

]. P. insularis, Chois. Convol. l.c. ; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 341; caule molliter et retrorsum pubescente ; foliis petiolatis cordato-acuminatis cinereo-pubescentibus; pedunculis petiolo longiori- bus 2—co-floris; bracteis lineari-lanceolatis semipollicaribus; sepalis cuneato-lanceolatis acutissimis pubescentibus semipollicaribus, circa fructum elongatis apice acuminato-subfaleatis; corolla cærulea demum purpurea.— Convolvulus celestis, Forst. Prodr. n. 77, et Icon. (ined.) t. 44. Ipomea insu- laris, Steudl. Nom. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wa Wuti."—Common on the seabeach of Taviuni and most other Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 331; Barclay !). Also collected in Tana (Forster!) Norfolk Island, and the Sandwich (Barclay! Nelson!) and Tongan Islands (Nelson!). Is found also on the east coast of New Holland.

Choisy refers Forster’s Convolvulus calestis to Pharbitis Nil, but if P. Nil and insularum are distinct, _ which I very much doubt, it belongs certainly to the latter. The flowers are blue in the morning, but turn purple towards sunset; and they are used by the natives for decorating their persons. -

III. Calonyction, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 59, et in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 345. Sepala 5. Co- rolla infundibuliformis, speciosissima. Stamina exserta. Stylus 1. Stigma capitatum, 2-lobum. Ovarium 2-loculare aut alterius dissepimenti rudimento sub-4-loculare 4-ovulatum.—Herbe volu- biles, speciosze, corollà Daturas mentientes. Pedicelli carnosi.— Bona-noz, Rafin.

]. C. speciosum, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 59; caule altissimo scandente levi v. muricato; foliis amplis glaberrimis integerrimis v. angulatis; pedunculis longissimis ; sepalis aristatis v. rarius obtusis eequalibus.—Ipomea Bona-nox, Linn. Sp. 228; Forst. Prodr. n. 82; Cav. Icon. vol. iii. p. 52. t. 300; Bot. Mag. t. 752. I. grandiflora, Roxb. et Wall. T. latiflora, Bot. Reg. 889, excl. syn. non R. et Sch. J. noctiluca, Bot. Reg. not. 917. T. ambigua, Endl. Fl. Norf. n. 108. J. carinata, Endl. Fl. Norf. n. 107. Quamoclit longiflora, Don. Convolvulus muricatus, Linn. C. grandiflorus, Linn. Suppl. (et Forst. Prodr. n. 76?). C. longiflorus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 222, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 16. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wa ia."—Taviuni and most other Vitian Islands, common (Seemann! n. 332). Also collected in Tana (Forster!), and the Society (Banks and Solander!) and Tongan Islands (Nelson!). Common in tropical America - and Asia.

2. C. comosperma, Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 228; DC.1.c.; caule glabro levi; foliis integris cordato-acuminatis; pedunculo petiolum paulo superante 1-floro; sepalis obtusis non acuminatis ; seminibus nigris margine et apice sericeo-villosis—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tobici."—Seabeach of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 333). Also found on the east coast of tropical Africa. -

IV. Ipomeea, Linn. Spec. 227; Chois. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 348. Calyx 5-sepalus. Co- rolla campanulata. Stamina inclusa. Stylus 1. Stigma capitatum, sepius 2-lobum. Ovarium 2- loculare, loculis 2-spermis. Capsula 2.]ocularis.— H erbze, suffrutices aut etiam arbores.— Piptoste-

gia, Hoffm. Leptocallis, Don, Gen. Syst. L i * Z

v

172 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Besides the species described below, there are in tropical Polynesia (1) I. fimbriosepala, Chois., from Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!); (2) I. campanulata, Linn. (Convolvulus grandiflorus, Sol. Prim. Fi. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 221, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahitian Plants, t. 14 et 15 (ined.) from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Wiles and Smith!); (3) T. cataracte, Endl., from Norfolk Island (distinct from Pharbitis insularis?); and (4) I. pendula, R. Brown, Prodr. n. 486 (Convolvulus mucronatus, Forst. Prodr. n. 79), from New Caledonia (W. Anderson! M‘Gillivray !).

l. I. Pes-Capree, Swartz, H. Sub. 2 ed. p. 289; caule repente radicante; foliis petiolatis subrotundatis emarginatis bilobisve venosis crassiusculis glaberrimis, venis omnibus parallelis; pe- duneulis l- aut oo-floris petiolos paulo superantibus; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis; corolla purpurea spe- ciosa.— Convolvulus Pes-Capre, Linn. Spec. 226. C. Brasilianus, Linn. 1. c. ; Forst. Prodr. n. 81. C. marinus, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 433. t. 159. fig. 1. Ipomea maritima, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 486; Bot. Mag. t. 319. ZI. carnosa, R. Brown, l.c. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Lawere."— Common on the sandy seabeach of all the Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 326; Barclay!). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander!), and Sandwich Islands (Barclay !) ; also in New South Wales (R. Brown!). Common throughout the tropies-of the eastern and western hemi- sphere.

The leaves are roasted and used for caulking canoes by the natives.

2. I. peltata, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 70; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 359; caule tereti glabro; foliis longe petiolatis peltatis cordato-umbilicatis glabris, petiolo in axilla rufo-piloso; pedunculis folia zequan- tibus spicatim co-floris ; sepalis semipollicaribus ovato-ellipticis obtusis glabris; corolla ampla (alba) campanulata; antheris lanatis; seminibus villosis.— Convolvulus peltatus, Linn. Sp. 221; Forst. Prodr. n. 78; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 17. Ipomæa nymphefolia, Blume, Bijdr. p. 719. Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 428. t. 157. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Wa bula."— Climbing over rocks and small shrubs and trees, island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 325). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!). Found in the islands of the east coast of tropical Africa, and in Java and Amboina.

Stem and branches containing a milky juice. Young branches and leaves glutinous. Blade of the largest leaf I measured 10 inches long and 10 broad. :

3. I. Turpethum, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 485; caule angulato glabro v. subpubescenti; foliis pe- tiolatis variantibus cordatis nunc integris nunc angulato-sinuatis aut crenatis, apice nunc obtusis mucronatis nune acuminatis, utrinque semper velutino-pubescentibus; peduneulis crassis 1—4-floris bracteatis ; bracteis deciduis velutinis ovato-lanceolatis; sepalis exterioribus usque ad 15 lineas longis majoribus ovato-rotundatis spe nigro-maculatis velutino-tomentosis, interioribus glabris, omnibus mucronatis ; capsule epicarpio separabili ; seminibus glabris.—Ker, Bot. Reg. 279.— Convolvulus Tur- pethum, Linn. Sp. 221; Blackw. t. 397; Bot. Mag. 2093; Wight, Ill. Suppl. t. 38. C. alatus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pac. p. 222, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 16 (ined.). Operculina Tur- pethum, Silv. Man. En. Pl. Bras. pp. 16, 49. Spiranthus Turpethum, Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 226. Argyreia alatula, Miq. Fl. Nerl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 687. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Wa buco."— Running along the ground, and creeping over rocks and low brushwood, Taviuni, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 327 et 328; Barclay!). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander ! Nelson!) and Tongan Islands (Nelson! Forster), as well as in Tana (Barclay !), Eromanga, and Anei- tum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!). Brown found it on the Endeavour River, New Holland. It is also common in the East Indies. *

The blade of the largest leaves I measured was 1 foot 5 inches long, and 1 foot 4 inches broad, with a petiole of 18 inches. It begins to flower in June. ;

4. I. denticulata, Chois. in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 379; caule glaberrimo nigricante ; foliis cor- dato-hastatis v. cordatis glaberrimis apice obtusis mucronatis 1—2 pollices longis, auriculis obtusis v. sepe lateraliter unidentatis; petiolis longis; pedunculis 1-floris petiolo brevioribus bracteolatis ;

FLORA VITIENSIS. 173

sepalis ovatis obtusis quandoque mucronulatis 2-3 lineas longis glabris nigrescentibus, exterioribus angustioribus acutiusculis; corolla 4-5 calycem superante glabra.—Convolvulus denticulatus, Desr. Enc. vol. iii. p. 540, non R. et Schult. Ipomæa levigata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 220, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 12 et 13. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Sovivi.” —Seabeach of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 804). Also collected in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and the So- ciety (Banks and Solander! Barclay!) and Tongan Islands (Barclay !).

V. Aniseia, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 99, et in DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 429. Sepala 5, 2- aut 3- seriatim disposita, nempe 2 exteriora majora inferius inserta et in pedunculum decurrentia, tertium intermedium, et 2 interiora minora altius inserta. Corolla campanulata. Stylus 1. Stigma 2- lobum, capitatum aut sepecomplanatum. Ovarium 2-loculare, 4-ovulatum. Capsula 2-locularis.— Herbe aut suffrutices.

1. A. uniflora, Chois. Convol. Or. p. 101; caule volubili ; pedunculis calycibusque pubescenti- bus; foliis longe petiolatis oblongis integerrimis, basi attenuatis, apice obtusis mucronatis, supra gla- bris, subtus petiolisque puberulis ; pedunculis petiolos superantibus unifloris, bibracteatis, bracteis line- aribus acutis ; sepalís exterioribus ovatis obtusis basi oblique subcordatis ; corolla (alba) ealycem paulo superante extus pilosa; filamentis glabris ; capsula intus glabra, 2-loculari, loculis 2-spermis ; semini- bus glabris.—In swamps, Ovalau, twining around reeds (Seemann! n. 829).

Perhaps this may be different from A. uniflora, Chois. ; the chief diserepaney between the living spe- cimens here described and Choisy's diagnosis being in the shape and size of the leaves, the length of the petiole, and the smoothness of the inside of the capsule. In the Fijian plant the blade of the leaf is 25 inches long, and 10-12 lines broad; the petiole 1 inch long.

Orpo LXVI. SOLANACEZ.

‘Wherever the Polynesian language is spoken, including New Zealand, there is a general term for the plants of this Natural Order, viz. Boro, Poro, or Poroporo, as the different dialects have it. Besides those Solanacee déscribed or alluded to below, there are in the Hawaiian islands, Lycium Sandwichense, A. Gray, Nothocestrum latifolium, A. Gray, N. longifolium, A. Gray, and N. breviflorum, A. Gray. Lycopersicum eseulentum, Mill, the Tomato, is eultivated in the Society and Sandwich Islands, where it is a recent introduction.

I. Solanum, Tournef. Inst. p. 148. t. 62; Dunal in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. l. p. 27. Calyx 5-(rarius 4—6—10-)partitus -fidus -dentatus -crenatusve, atque etiam integer, regularis v. rarius subirregularis. Corolla rotata, cupularis v. patellaris, tubo brevi, limbo plicato, 5-(rarius 4- v. 6-)fido -partito v. -angulari. Stamina 5, rarius 4 v. 6, corolle fauci adnata, plerumque exserta ; filamenta brevissima, squalia v. rarius inzqualia. Anthere libere, apice poris 2 dehiscentes, conniventes, rarissime connate, equales v. interdum inzquales, loculis lateralibus connectivo non conspicuo adnatis. ` Ovarium 2-(rarius 3—4-) loculare, placentis dissepimento insertis adnatis oc- ovulatis. Stylus simplex. Stigma obtusum. Bacca 2-(rarius 3—4-)locularis. Semina co, sub- reniformia, compressa. Embryo periphericus, spiralis, albumen carnosum includens.—Herbe annuze aut perennes, suffrutices frutices v. arbores, inermes v. aculeatz aut rarius spinose, glabre v. pilose, pilis simplicibus glanduliferis v. stellatis. Stirps epigæa, sobolibus non raro tuberiferis subterraneis; truncus lignosus v. caulis ramosus, erectus, strictus v. flexuosus, scandens aut sub- volubilis, ramis plus minus patentibus, interdum spinescentibus. Perulæ (foliorum prima rudimenta) in tuberibus sobolibusque. Folia exstipulata, sed interdum auriculata (auricule sic dictz sunt folia ramulorum juniorum axillarium), alterna, solitaria gemina aut ternave, raro sessilia, seepius petio- lata, petiolo hinc inde alato, in nounullis cirrhoso, penninervia v. palmatinervia, integra v. varie

174 FLORA VITIENSIS.

divisa. Gemme nude, foliis induplicatis. Inflorescentie normaliter terminales, sed per recaules- ' centiam et concaulescentiam alares, axillares, extra-axillares, eymosze, cymis nunc simplicibus nune dichotomis, nunc e ramulis compluribus indefinite ordinatis compositis, faciem corymbi racemi um- bell v. paniculæ simulantes. Flores hermaphroditi, rarius polygami, sæpe pistillo abortivo steriles, interdum solitarii.— Melongena, Tournef. Inst. p. 151. t. 65.

The Solana inhabiting tropical Polynesia, and preserved in the herbaria of the British Museum, Hooker, and Bentham, amount to fifteen species, only seven of which were given in Professor A. Gray's list of Poly- nesian Solanacee. The species as yet not found in Viti are—

1. S. incompletum, Dunal in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1. p. 311.—Hawaii (Nelson! in Mus. Brit.; Remy, n. 451, fide A. Gray). There are two specimens of this, without flower and fruit, at the British Museum, which Dunal provisionally named S. Sandwichianum, a name afterwards cancelled.. * — -

2. S. xanthocarpum, Schrad. et Wendl. Sert. Hanov. i. p. 8. t. 2.—Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Barclay ! in Mus. Brit., Seemann, n. 1721).—Native Hawaiian name, * Kikania.” Probably introduced from India. "The plant is about two feet high, and in my notes I call the berries scarlet. The calyx is clad with large straw-coloured spines. : :

3. S. (§ Morelle vere) Forsteri, Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 207; herbaceum, annuum, breviter villoso-tomentosum demum glabrescens; caule inermi vix angulato geniculato-flexuoso ; foliis ovatis acu- minatis integerrimis v. sinuato-dentatis basi cordatis v. in petiolum attenuatis; cymis extra-axillaribus 3-6- floris ; pedicellis cernuis; calycis laciniis ovatis acutis; corolla extus tomentella; baeca globosa glabra pisi magnitudine.—S. nigrum, Forst. Prodr. n. 106, non Linn.— Easter Island (Forster! in Herb. Mus. Brit.), Tahiti (Nelson !, Sir J. Banks!), Vavao, Friendly Islands (Barclay !). This species is much nearer to SN. villosum, Lam., than S. nigrum, Linn.; but the leaves are generally less deeply eut than they are in $. villosum, and in only one specimen, collected by Sir.J. Banks in Tahiti, do there occur any deep indenta- tions. Forster's specimen, from Easter Island, is much more hairy than the Tahitian or Tongan speci- mens. The flowers and berries are much smaller than in the true S. nigrum. Solander, in his MS. volume, included the Tahitian specimens under the name of S. rubrum, but he describes the berry as black.

4. S. amicorum, Benth. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 227 ; DC. Prodr. xiii. sect. 1. p. 269.— Tongan Islands (Forster! Nelson! Barclay! in Mus. Brit., U. S. Expl. Exped.! in Herb. Benth.).

5. S. puberulum, Nutt. mss. in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 207 ; fruticosum, ramis junioribus fur- furaceo-tomentosis demum glabratis, foliis geminis, altero multo minore, ovato-oblongis acuminatis inte- gerrimis vel sinuato-lobatis; lobis acutis, basi obliquis, utrinque furfuraceo-puberulis, ante evolutionem ochraceo-tomentosis; floribus extra-axillaribus simpliciter racemosis; pedicellis gracilibus; calycis lobis subulatis corolla tomentosa fere 5-partita 3—4-plo brevioribus; baccis globosis glabris nitidis ($ une. dia- metro).—5S. puberulum et pulverulentum, Nutt. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.—Oahu, in silvis montosis (Nut- tall ), Sandwich Islands (Menzies! in Herb. Mus. Brit.). This is very near S. Sandwichense, Hook. and Arn., and S. tetrandrum, R. Brown, but differs from both in not having divaricate cymes but simple ra- cemes. It is far less tomentose than S. Sandwichense, the leaves, when fully developed, being quite gla- brous on both sides, as are also the fruiting peduncles and pedicels. Larger leaves, including petiole, 4—5 inches long, 2 inches broad; fruiting pedicels 1 inch long.

6. S. Bauerianum, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 54.—Norfolk Island (Herb. Hook.). Very near S. anthropopha- gorum and S. viride, R. Br., but corymbs generally terminal and corolla glabrous.

7. S. Nelsoni, Dunal in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1. p. 123.— S. rotundifolium, Nutt. mss. in Mus. Brit. et Herb. Hook.! S. argenteum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 92?— Kauai (Nuttall! in Herb. Hook. et Mus. Brit.), Oabu (Remy, n. 442, fide A. Gray). I have compared Nuttall's specimen of S. rotundi- folium with the original one of Nelson, at the British Museum, and there can be no doubt that they are identical. But I do not find in Hooker’s herbarium the specimen, mistaken by the authors of Becahay's Botany for S. argenteum, which A. Gray hesitatingly refers to S. Nelsoni. Nor has Prof. Arnott, as he informs me, a specimen of it. :

Var. thomasiefolium, Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 209; foliis cordato-ovatis sinuato-lobatis, lobis (5-7) obtusis vel cordatis integris; fructu globoso glabro pisi magnitudine.—S. vestitum, Nutt. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.—Atoi (Nuttall! in Herb. Mus. Brit. et Hook.). This has quite the look of Thomasia solanacea, Gay, and would probably be described as a new species by any one not having seen the evident

. transition there is in some specimens of what Nuttall has called S. rotundifolium and A. Gray justly considers identical with the original S. Nelsoni, Dun., preserved at the British Museum. In these speci- mens some of the leaves have a tendency to become sinuato-lobate, whilst again several leaves of my var. thomasiefolium are cordate and entire. The resemblance between S. Nelsoni var. thomasigfolium and Thomasia solanacea is quite ns striking as that between the Amazonian moth and the humming-bird figured in Mr. Bates's Travels on the Amazon.

8. S. Austro-Caledonicum, Seem. in Journ. of Bot. 1563, p. 209; fruticosum, erectum, inerme; foliis

FLORA VITIENSIS. 175

~ ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis, basi obliquis, supra pubescentibus, demum glabris, subtus ramulis pedunculis ealyeibusque dense tomentosis; corymbis extra-axillaribus bifidis oo-floris; calycis 5-fidi laciniis triangularibus acutis; corolle laciniis lineari-lanceolatis extus dense tomentosis; stylo stamina superante; bacca globosa levi glabra pisi magnitudine.—Loyalty Islands (Sir G. Grey !), New Caledonia (Sir E. Home!), Isle of Pines (Milne! M'Gillivray!). A shrub, from 12-14 feet high. Leaves from 4-5 inches long, 1-14 inches broad. Corolla longer than the calyx. Fruiting peduncle swollen towards the apex. The nearest ally of this species is ©. Sandwichense, Hook. et Arn., but the lobes of the corolla are linear-lanceolate almost subulate, whilst those of S. Sandwichense are ovate-acuminate.

9. S. Sandwichense, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 92.—S. Woahense, Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1, p. 268.—Oahu (Beechey! Seemann! n. 2273, Macrae!, Hinds!, Nuttall!, Barclay!). Var. (?) B. Kavaiense, A. Gray, Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. vi. p. 48.—Kauai (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Oahu (Barclay! in Mus. Brit.). ij

10. S. Milnei, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 210; fruticosum, erectum, inerme; ramis peduneulis pedicellisque cano-tomentosis ; foliis solitariis elliptico-lanceolatis utrinque longe acuminatis v. ovato-acumi- natis, irregulariter et minute undulato-crenatis, basi inequilateralibus, supra adsperso-pilosis demum glabris, subtus cano-tomentosis; floribus dichotomo-cymosis extra-axillaribus vel terminalibus; cymis divaricatis oo-floris; calycis laciniis euspidatis; corolle 5-fide tomentose laciniis lanceolatis; antheris apice 2-porosis ; stylo stamina superante, basi pilosa; bacca globosa glabra.—Isle of Futuna, New Hebrides (Milne! in Herb. Hook.), Aneitum (Milne!, M‘Gillivray!). “A shrub, 5 feet high” (Milne), and “ generally growing in clumps in waste places " (M‘Gillivray). Leaves with long petioles, and 6-7 inches long and 2 inches broad. Flowers apparently white. The fruit on the specimens I have seen not quite ripe.

The following is a clavis to the Vitian species :—

Flowers terminal . : : : : : í í : . S. tuberosum. Flowers axillary . ^ : : : Í : : : . SS. Vitiense. Flowers extra-axillary. Stem herbaceous š : ; ; : : 3 . Ñ. oleraceum. Stem woody. Fruit very hairy . . : : : : ; : . BS. repandum.

Fruit glabrous. Leaves glabrous . . : ju ; : - . S. anthropophagorum. Leaves with stellate hair below . : i i . -~ S. tetrandrum. `

1. S. tuberosum, Linn. Spec. p- 282; Dun. l. c.; rhizomate tubera gerente, caule herbaceo ; foliis impari-pinnatisectis, segmentis inzequalbus majoribus 3-5-jugis basi inæqualibus subcordatis subtus villosis albescentibus, alternis minutissimis ; pedicellis articulatis; corollis plicatis 5-angu- latis. —“ Potato” of the English colonists. Cultivated by some of the European colonists.

I have eaten Potatoes grown at Rewa, Viti Levu, but they had a rather soapy taste, the climate being probably too warm for them ; they would grow well in the mountains of Viti Levu and Kadavu.

2. S. oleraceum, Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1. p. 50; caule herbaceo annuo leviter angulato-dentato ; foliis longe petiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis membranaceis integerrimis v. angulato-dentatis glabriusculis ; pedicellis cymoso-umbellatis; corollze (albz) laciniis acutis; bacca globosa (nigra) glabra.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Boro ni yaloka ni gata."—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 344). Also collected in the Sandwich Islands (Nuttall! in Mus. Brit.), Norfolk Island (Milne! in Herb. Hook.), and Society Islands (Banks and Solander!) I have also seen it wild about Sydney, New South Wales. - ;

This Solanum is much larger than S. nigrum, and the branches are more divaricate, the pedicels more filiform, and the flowers more minute than those of the species just named. Still, until somebody has care- fully worked out the limits of all the species comprised in Dunal's section Morelle vere, it is very difficult to assign satisfactory limits to a weedy and quick-growing plant like this. S. astroites, Forst., from the Soeiety Islands, may possibly be a synonym of S. oleraceum. Forster has left no description, drawing, or specimen of it; but when it is borne in mind that there are only four species of Solanum from the Society . Islands, viz. S. anthropophagorum, S. repandum, S. Forsteri, and 8. oleraceum, and that F orster could not mean the first three, having previously described them, there is little doubt that his S. astroites is identi- cal with S. oleraceum. I have seen both S. oleraceum and the genuine S. nigrum, brought to market at Port Louis, Mauritius, where, as in Viti, the leaves are used as a pot-herb by all classes of the inhabitants.

. 8. S. anthropophagorum, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. x. p. 274. t. 14. (Tab. XXXVIL) ; Bot. Mag.

176 FLORA VITIENSIS.

t. 5424; fruticosum, erectum, inerme ; foliis solitariis geminisve ovatis acuminatis repando-dentatis v. subintegerrimis membranaceis, glabris; floribus cymosis, cymis lateralibus 4-6-floris, 5-meris ; calyce 5-glanduloso; corolla rotata (alba) pubescente, laciniis ovatis acuminatis; antheris lineari- oblongis (luteis) stylo multo longioribus; bacca (rubra v. lutea) globosa compressa v. subovata sulcata glabra 2-3-loculari.—5S. Uporo, Dun. in DC. Prodr. l. c. p. 188. S. viride, Sol. (non R. Brown!) mss. in Forst. Plant. Escul. n. 42! et Forst. Prodr. p. 89, n. 507 (sine descript.) ; Parkin- son's Drawings of Tahitian Plants, t. 27 (ined.). S. aviculare, Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 45 (non Forst.).—Nomen vernac. Vitiense ** Boro dina, i. e. Solanum verum v. genuinum," Tahitense “ Po- roporo.”—Viti Levu and nearly all the other Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 841, Milne!). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Nelson!) Tongan (Barclay!) and Samoan Islands (Sir E. Hcme !) ; also New Caledonia or Friendly Islands (Forster! in Mus. Brit.).

The Boro dina, being one of the plants which, in Fijian estimation, ought to accompany a cannibal feast is cultivated, and there are generally several large bushes of it near every Bure-ni-sa (or stranger's house), where the bodies of those slain in battle are always taken. It is a bushy shrub, seldom higher than six feet, with a dark glossy foliage, and berries of the shape, size, and colour of tomatoes. The fruit has a faint aromatic smell, and is occasionally prepared like tomato sauce. The leaves are wrapped around the bo- kola, as those of the taro are around pork, and baked with it on heated stones. Salt is not forgotten. Even the white settlers use the leaves of this plant as a pot-herb. R. Brown's S. viride has styles longer than the stamens, and berries not larger than a good-sized pea, whilst S. anthropophagorum has styles shorter than the stamens, and berries having the dimensions of tomatoes and the larger olives. Solander’s. being merely a name, unaccompanied by a description, that of R. Brown, free from this defect, naturally - has the preference. Dunal’s S. Uporo, described from insufficient materials, was at first not recognised by me, or else I should not have added the name anthropophagorum io its synonymy; but I now retain my name because Uporo is but a corruption, * Poroporo” being the correct Tahitian name of the plant. $. aviculare, Forst., (with which Hook. fil. very properly unites S. laciniatum, Ait.) is very different from S. anthropophagorum, and does not occur in the Society Islands; Guillemin meant S. anthropophagorum by his S. aviculare. à

ExeraNATION OF Prare XXXVII. representing Solanum anthropophagorum, Seem.—Fig. 1, an entire flower ; 2, calyx; 3, corolla laid open; 4, cross section of fruit :—all, with the exception of Fig. 4, magnified.

4. S. Vitiense, Seem. (sp. nov.) (Tab. XXXVI) ; arborea, inermis, glabra; foliis integerrimis . geminis, majore ovato-oblongo v. ovali-acuminato, altero minore subrotundato; cymis axillaribus 9-4-foris, floribus 5-meris; calyce cupuliformi truncato; corollze laciniis ovatis acutis, apice tomentosis; stylo staminibus longiore; bacca ovata obtusa levi pisi majoris magnitudine.— Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 340, ex parte). er

*

Distributed by me as S. viride. It differs from both species going under that name by its arboreous - habit (being a tree from 24-30 feet high, with a dense large crown) and axillary cymes. Leaves green, a little paler below, about 4 inches long, 2 inches broad. Peduncles nearly twice as long as the petioles. Corolla whitish. Berry not much larger than a good-sized pea. Its nearest ally is S. membra- naceum, Wall., (S. subtruncatum, Wall.) from which it is at once distinguished by its absolutely truncate calyx. Even the youngest buds show no sign of the subulate teeth found on the cup-shaped calyx of the true S. membranaceum, Wall. (S. subtruncatum, Wall.). There is both in Bentham’s and Hooker’s her- barium, a specimen collected by Cuming (n. 83) which seems to belong to my S. Vitiense, but its leaves are more acuminate, and there are no good flowers. By some mishap specimens of an Ardisia were mixed with my n. 340. : x:

EXPLANATION OF Prats XXXVI., representing Solanum Vitiense, Seem.—Fig. 1, an entire flower, just opening; 2, the same quite open; 8, corolla laid open; 4, a stamen; 5, cross section of ovary; 6 and 7, ripe fruit; 8 (by a misprint 8), cross section of ripe fruit :—all slightly magnified. |

5. S. tetrandrum, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 445; fruticosum, inerme, erectum ; ramis teretibus, junioribus stellato-tomentosis ; foliis geminis oblique oblongo-ovatis acuminatis integerrimis v. sinu- ato-dentatis v. lobatis, supra glabris v. pube rara conspersis, subtus ubique molliter stellato-pubes- centibus v. tomentosis; racemis extra-axillaribus corymbosis ; floribus 4-5-meris; calycibus angu- latis, sinubus interdum dentibus accessoriis acutis, fructiferis parum acutis; corollæ tomentosze, profunde 4—5-fidz laciniis oblongis; baccis subglobosis glabris pisi majoris magnitudine.— S. in- amenum, Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. ii. p. 228.— Totoya (Milne!), Narai (Milne!), Gau

FLORA VITIENSIS. - i77

(Milne!), Vanua Levu and Viti Levu (Seemann, n. 343 et 345, Hinds!, U. S. Expl. Exped.! in Herb. Benth., Barclay! in Herb. Brit. Mus.), Ovalau (Capt. Denham! in Herb. Brit. Mus.), East coast of Australia (R. Brown !).

I cannot detect any difference between R. Brown's S. tetrandrum and Bentham’s S. inamenum. Most of the flowers attached to Brown's original specimen have 4-merous flowers, but there are several with 5- merous ones. Mr. Bentham relied perhaps too implicitly on the constancy of the tetramerous character when establishing his S. inamænum, for he was well aware of how close his supposed new species was to S. tetrandrum. When growing luxuriantly the leaves become more or less deeply lobed. Indications of . it are seen in Brown's specimens, and they are alluded to in Bentham's description of those of Hinds. In some of Milne's specimens, and in my n. 345 this feature is very prominent, making them look somewhat like those of S. repandum, Forst. — . k

6. S. repandum, Forst. Prodr. n. 105, et Icon. (ined.) t. 59 et 60 (Tab. XXXVIII.) ; fruti- cosum, inerme, tomentosum ; foliis geminis ovatis sinuato-lobatis ; cymis extra-axillaribus ; calyce pro- funde 5-fido, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutis ; corolla (alba) extus tomentosa, sub-5-partita, laciniis ob- . longis; stylo staminum longitudine; bacca ovato-mucronata, 3-loculari, tomentoso-hirsuta, demum glabrescente, 2-3-loculari.—S. latifolium, Parkinson's Drawings of Tahitian Plants, t. 28 (ined.), S. Quitense, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 67 (non Lam.).—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Sou,” “ Sousou,” v. * Boro sou.”—Viti Levu and Rabi (Seemann! n. 342, Harvey!). Also collected in Tahiti (Sir J. Banks !, Wiles and Smith !, Hinds!, Barclay! in Herb. Hook., U. S. Expl. Exped. !), Marquesas (Matthews! n. 93), Pitcairn Island (Cuming! n. 1382).

ExPLANATION OF PraArE XXXVIII., representing Solanum repandum, Forst.—Fig. 1 and 2, different views of an entire flower; 3, corolla laid open; 4, a stamen; 5, pistil; 6, cross section of ovary ; 7, ripe fruit; 8, cross section of ripe fruit :—all, with exception of Figs. 7 and 8, slightly magnified. Figs. 7 and 8 copied from Parkinson's drawings above-quoted ; the colouring of the whole plate also taken from Parkinson.

The fruit ofthis species is eaten by the natives either in soups or with yam. ;

S. Californicum, Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1, p. 86, collected by Nuttall at Monterey, Cali- fornia, is identical with S. Menziesii, Dun. le. p. 159, collected in the same locality by Menzies. Both specimens being preserved at the British Museum. "

IT. Capsicum, Tournef. Inst. p. 152. t. 66; Linn. Gen. n. 252; Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. 1, p. 411. Calyx subcyathiformis, 5—6-dentatus, persistens, 5—6-gonus, angulis rotundatis, dentibus acutis v. truncatis. Corolla rotata, tubo brevissimo; limbo plicato, 5-6-fido; laciniis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acutiusculis. Stamina 5-6, corolle tubo inserta, subexserta. Filamenta filiformia, superne attenuata, antheris longiora. Antherz cordatz, conniventes, longitudinaliter de- hiscentes. Ovarium 2-3-4-loculare, placentis dissepimenti v. anguli centralis basi adnatis, oc-ovu- ]atis. Stylus simplex, apice incrassatus, staminibus longior. Stigma subclavatum, obtusum, obsolete 3-lobulatum v. difforme. Bacca parum succosa, inflata, oblonga, conoidea, ovata v. subglo- bosa, incomplete 2—3-locularis, rarissime 1-locularis, placentis septisque superne deliquescentibus. Semina subreniformia, oc, compressa. Embryo intra albumen carnosum periphericus, teres, hemi- cyclieus.— Herbe annuz aut perennes, v. frutices, ob baccas acriter aromaticas ubique cultz; caulibus dichotomis ramosissimis; foliis inferioribus solitariis, superioribus geminis ternisque, petio- latis integris v. subrepandis utrinque attenuatis; pedunculis alaribus extra-axillaribusque, 1-floris, solitariis, geminis, ternisque, nunc erectis, nunc varie curvatis; corollis sordide albis, ochroleucis v. violaceis; baccis erectiusculis v. pendulis aurantiacis, coccineis v. purpureis.

1. C. frutescens, Linn. Spec. vol. i. p. 271, excl. syn. Clus. Dun. l. c.; frutescens; caule erecto glabró, ramis flexuosis teretibus cum ramulis subangulatis glabriusculis; foliis solitariis geminisve ovatis acuminatis integris glabris; calyce suberecto fere 5-gono subtruncato glabro, dentibus brevissimis acutis; fructibus ovatis oblongis obtusis lzevibus basi calyce cinctis 2-locularibus dissepimentis zequalibus.—Rheede, Hort. Malab. vol. ii. t. 56.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Boro ni

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1866.] 24A

178 FLORA VITIENSIS.

papalagi” (i. e. Solanum exoticum). ‘ Bird’s-eye pepper" of the European colonists. Naturalized in most parts of the Viti group (Seemann! n. 346).

The bird’s-eye pepper is one of the most common plants in those parts of the group longest frequented by Europeans, who use the fruit on account of its pungent properties. The natives do not seem to take to it.

III. Physalis, Linn. Gen. 250; Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. i. p. 434. Calyx 5- fidus seu 5-dentatus, post anthesin increscens, vesiculoso-inflatus. Corolla rotato-campanulata, pli- cata, limbo 5-sinuato, angulis totidem acutis. Stamina 5, inclusa; filamenta libera, filiformia; antherz erectze, filamentis dimidio breviores v. ea subzequantes, conniventes, longitudinaliter dehis- centes. Ovarium 2-loculare; placentis subglobosis, dissepimento adnatis, oc-ovulatis. Stylus simplex; stigma capitatum. ' Bacca calyce inflato connivente recondita, globosa, 2-locularis, placen- tis crassis. Semina co, reniformia, compressa. Embryo intra albumen carnosum, subperiphe- ricus, spiralis.—Herbze annus v. perennes; foliis alternis v. geminatis, integris v. lobatis; floribus solitariis, extra-alaribus.— Herschelia, Bowdich, Madeira, 252. Atkekep aie spec. Tourn. Inst. 150. t. 64. Pentaphiltrum, Rchb. Nom. n. 4571.

1. P. Peruviana, Linn. Spec. vol. ii. 1670; DC. Prodr. l.c. ; herbacea, perennis, pilis simpli- cibus dense pubescenti-villosis; caule erecto subramoso; foliis cordatis acuminatis integris v. den- tato-sinuatis subtomentosis ; corolla maculata ; antheris violaceis; calycibus fructus ovatis pallidis, — P. esculenta, Willd. in Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. vol. iv. p. 197. P. tomentosa, Medic. Act. Pal. vol. iv. p. 184. t. 4 e. P. edulis, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1068. “Cape Gooseberry,” of the white settlers.—On roadsides, common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 338). Also collected in the Sandwich Islands (Barelay! Seemann!). Abounding in most parts of the tropics, and New Holland.

The fruit of the Cape Gooseberry is eaten by the colonists.

2. P. angulata, Linn. Hort. Cliffort. p. 62; DC. l.c.; herbacea, ramosissima, glabra; foliis ovatis oblongisve acutis inzqualiter dentato-serratis; corollis immaculatis; antheris pallide cæru- lescentibus; calycibus fructus 4-angulatis basi RANA. laciniis sub iur 3-angularibus subulatis tubum suum zquantibus.— P. flaccida, Soland. in Forst. Prodr. n. 506, et Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 233. Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. p. 60. Rheede, Mal. vol. x. p. 139. t. 70.—In waste places, common in Viti (Seemann! n. 339). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Barclay !). Diffused over the East and West Indies, Mauritius, and Brazil.

IV. Datura, Linn. Gen. 246; Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. i. p. 538. Calyx tubu- losus, sæpe angulatus, apice 5-fidus v. hinc longitudinaliter fissus, supra basim peltatam persistentem circumscissus, parte cireumscissá decidua. Corolla infundibuliformis, limbo amplo patente plicato, 5-dentato, estivatione contortuplicata. Stamina 5, corolle tubo inserta, inclusa v. subexserta; an- therz longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium incomplete 4-loculare, dissepimento altero supra me- dium deliquescente, altero completo medio utrinque placentifero, placentis porrectis oc-ovulatis, Stylus simplex; stigma 2-lamellatum. Capsula ovata v. subglobosa, muricata v. aculeata, rarius brevis, semi-4-locularis, incomplete ad septa 4-valvis. Semina co, reniformia, in nonnullis subtri- gona; testa modo crustacea dura, modo suberosa, crassissima. Embryo intra albumen carnosum subperiphericus, arcuatus.—Herbe viros, feetidze, annuæ v. perennes, nunc suffrutescentes v. arbo- rescentes; foliis petiolatis oblongis v. ovatis, szepius angulato-dentatis; floribus alaribus, solitariis, sepius magnis, albis violaceis v. coccineis.—Brugmansia, Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 216. | Stramonium, Tournef. Inst. p. 118. t. 33 et 34.

-

E D. DES NR Linn, Spec. vol.i. p. 179; DC. l.c.; caule levi crasso erecto tereti basi simplici apice dichotomo; foliis petiolatis ovato-acuminatis inzqualiter sinuato-dentatis acutis;

FLORA VITIENSIS. 179

corolla (alba) calyce 5-gono 5-dentato duplo longiore; capsulis erectis æqualiter aculeatis. Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 1288.—Stramonium vulgatum, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 243. t. 182. fig. 4.. S. fetidum, Scop. Carn. ed. ii. vol. i. p. 157. S. spinosum, Lam. Fl. Fr. vol. ii. p. 256.—In waste places about Levuka, island of Ovalau, probably a recent introduction (Seemann! n. 348).

The blue-flowering variety Zatula, Dun. (D. Tutula, Linn.), was collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).

V. Nicotiana, Tournef. Inst. t. 41; Dun. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. i. p. 556. Calyx: tubuloso-campanulatus, semi-5-fidus. Corolla infundibuliformis v. hypocraterimorpha, limbo pli- cato-5-lobo, lobis per estivationem plicatis et conniventi-contortis. Stamina 5, corollze tubo inserta, inclusa, sepe subzquilonga, nonnunquam inequalia; anthere longitudinaliter dehiscentes, brevis- sime ovate v. globose; pollen oblongum, longitudinaliter 3-suleatum. Ovarium 2-loculare, pla- centis lined dorsali dissepimento adnatis, oc-ovulatis, nectario crasso annulari obsolete lobato basi cireumdatum. Stylus simplex; stigma capitatum, patelliforme, intus glandulis 2 magnis instructum. Capsula calyce persistente tecta, 2-locularis, apice septicido 2-valvis v. 4—oc-valvis, valvis demum 2-fidis, placentas discretas retinentibus. Semina co, minima, oblonga, subreniformia, rugosa. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi, leviter arcuatus.—Herbe, interdum suffrutescentes, scepissime glu- tinoso-pilose ; foliis alternis, integerrimis; floribus terminalibus racemosis aut paniculatis, albidis virescentibus v. purpurascentibus, pedicellis axillaribus, calyces subequantibus.—Nyctagella, Taba- cum, et Tabacina, Reichb. Handb. 201. Codylis, Raf. in Am. Month. Magaz. 1819. Sairanthus,

Don, Syst. vol. iv. p. 467.

The only indigenous Polynesian species of Nicotiana hitherto known was discovered by Forster in Botanists’ Island, off New Caledonia, and referred by him with a mark of doubt to N. fruticosa, Linn. Romer and Schultes, who had seen Forster’s specimens, finding that the plant was not that of Linneus, renamed it JN. Forsteri, and under that name it is enumerated amongst the doubtful species in De Can- dolle's * Prodromus." Forster's authentic specimens at the British Museum leave, however, no doubt that it is identical with Lehmann’s JN. suaveolens, and as the name of suaveolens was published two years before that of Romer and Schultes, it enjoys the right of priority. The synonymy of the plant would thus be as follows:—.JN. suaveolens, Lehm. Nie. p. 43. n. 18; WV. fruticosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 104, non Linn.; N. Forsteri, Room. et Schult. Syst. vol. iv. p.323; N. undulata, Vent. Malm. t. 10; Jacq. Fragm. 45. t. 56; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 673 nec Ruiz et Pav. ; N. Australasica, R. Brown, Bot. Congo, p. 53.—Small islands off New Caledonia (Forster! W. Anderson!), Port Jackson (R. Brown!), and Snowy River, Australia (F. - Mueller! in Brit. Mus.).

A second and very distinct indigenous Polynesian species is JN. Macgillivrayi, Seem. mes. in Herb. | Mus. Brit. (sp. nov.) ; tota planta capsula excepta villosa ; foliis omnibus radicalibus spathulatis in petiolum longum alatum decurrentibus apice obtusis v. acutis; paniculis terminalibus oc-floris; calycis lobis lineari- bus; corolla (alba) hypocraterimorpha, tubo elongato curvato, limbi patentis lobis obovatis obtusis; cap- sula 2-valvi glabra calyce inclusa.—lIsle of Pines, off New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! in Herb. Mus. Brit.). The whole plant about a foot and a half high. Leaves about 6 inches long. Corolla about 4 inches long.

1. N. Tabacum, Linn. Spec. vol. i. p. 258; DC. Prodr. l. c. p. 557; herbacea, pubescens, glu- tinosa ; caule erecto tereti superne ramoso; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis sessilibus, inferiori- bus decurrentibus semiamplexicaulibus; floribus pedicellatis bracteatis, calycis oblongi segmentis lanceolatis acutis inzequalibus; corolla extus lanuginosa fauce subinflata, limbi patentissimi laciniis acutis; capsula calycis longitudine v. parum longiore.—Cultivated throughout the Viti Islands by the natives, but only in small patches (Seemann! n. 347).

My principal reason for believing this plant to be introduced is, that it has not been found wild, and has no indigenous native name, “ Topako " or “ Tavako " being evidently corruptions of our word Tobacco. The Fijians do not know how to cure this weed properly, and much prefer foreign tobacco to their own. They do not smoke pipes very often, but generally cigarettes, like the i.e me using dried Banana leaves instead of paper. It is possible that they may have acquired the habit from the Spaniards, who may have also introduced the tobacco-plant itself. The Spaniards (Manila men) were amongst the first whites who visited these islands.

2 A29

AB - FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orpo LXVII. SCROPHULARINEZ:.

Only four species of this Order are known from tropical Polynesia; the two enumerated below, Scoparia dulcis, Linn., which has been found in the Sandwich (Macrae !), and the Society Islands (Lay and Collie!) and Herpestis Moniera, H. B. K. (Gratiola Moniera, Linn. et Forst. Prodr. n. 16), which was col- lected in the Marquesas (Forster! Barclay!) and the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson! Macrae l). Serophula- rioides arborea, Forst. Prodr. n. 528, is a Verbenacea,— Premna Taitensis, Schauer.

I. Limnophila, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 442; Benth. in DC. Prodr. vol. x. p. 386. Calyx pro- funde 5-fidus v. 5-partitus, subzequalis v. laciniá posticá majore. Corollz labium superius emargina- tum v. 2-lobum, inferius 3-lobum, fauce non plicatá. Stamina 4, inclusa, antherarum loculis dis- junctis oblongis sepissime stipitatis. Stylus apice deflexus, spathulato-dilatatus, integer v. breviter 2.lamellatus, ad flexuram szepius auriculato-bialatus. Capsula ovata, globosa v. compressa, loculicide 2-valvis, valvulis demum 2-partitis, carpellorum marginibus leviter inflexis dissepimentum latum pla- centiferum nudantibus.—Herbe uliginosz v. aquaticze, siepe glandulis pellucidis punctate ; foliis op- positis v. 3—4-natim verticillatis, infimis in speciebus aquaticis in aquá submersa sepius capillaceo- multisectis; floribus solitariis, axillaribus v. superioribus in racemum foliatum dispositis, in calyce ipso ssepius 2-bracteolatis.—Ambulia, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 128. Cybbanthera, Ham. in Don, Prodr: Fl. Nepal. p. 87. ;

l. L.fragrans, Seem.; procumbens, glabra; foliis sessilibus oblongis lanceolatisve serratis basi rotundatis subamplexicaulibusve, floralibus conformibus; floribus axillaribus solitariis subsessili- bus; calycis glabri 5-partiti segmentis lanceolato-subulatis strictis; corolla calyce vix longiore.— Ruellia fragrans, Forst. Prodr. n. 243, et Icon. (ined.) t. 182; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 59. Limnophila serrata, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. p. 448. t. 57. fig. 2; Benth. in DC. Prodr. lc. Stemodia tenuifolia, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 23.—In swamps, common in Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 350). Also collected in Tahiti (Forster! Barclay !).

II. Vandellia, Linn. Mant. p. 89; Benth. in DC. Prodr. vol. x. p. 412. Calycis segmenta. subzequalia, zestivatione vix imbricata, fere a basi soluta v. in calycem 5-dentatum non plicatum plus minus coalita. Corolle labium superius erectum, breviter 2-fidum, inferius majus, patens, 3-fidum. Stamina 4 fertilia, anticorum filamenta basi appendiculá dentiformi v. filiformi aucta, arcuata, an- theris sub labio superiore inter se coherentibus. Stylus apice dilatatus, sepius 2-lamellatus. Cap- sula globosa, oblonga, v. linearis.—Herb:e ; foliis oppositis dentatis; floribus oppositis v. abortu soli- tariis, axillaribus v. ad apices ramorum racemosis, racemis sepe in falsas umbellas contractis.— Tittmannia, Reichb. Icon. Exot. vol. i. p. 226. Iliogeton, Endl. Gen. p. 684. Vriesia, Hassk. in Flora, 1842, Beiblatt.

1. V. crustacea, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 35; DC. Prodr. l.c.; diffusa, glabra v. pilis raris hir- tella; foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis; pedunculis axillaribus subracemosisve rarius subfasciculatis calyce 2—5-plo longioribus; capsulis ovato-oblongis calyce brevioribus. Wight, Icon. t. 863.— Capra- ria crustacea, Linn. Mant. p. 87.. Torenia crustacea, Cham. et Schlecht. Linn:a, vol. ii. p. 570. Gratiola lucida, Vahl, Enum. vol. i. p. 95; Roxb. Plant. Corom. vol. ii. p. 2. t. 202. Morgania lucida, Spreng. Syst. vol. ii. p. 802. Torenia lucida, Ham. in Wall. Cat. n. 3962. Torenia flac- cida, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 440. Torenia varians, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 96? Vandellia varians, Don, Gen. Syst. vol. iv. p. 549. Gratiola aspera, Roth, Nov. Plant. sp. p. 11. Morgania aspera, Spreng. Syst. vol. ii. p. 803. Hornemannia ovata, Lk. et Otto, Abbild. vol. i.p. 9. t. 8. Tittman- nia ovata, Rchb. Icon. Exot. vol. i. p. 27. Torenia alba, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. n. 3961. Vandellia

FLORA VITIENSIS. 181

alba, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 35. Antirrhinum hexandrum, Forst. Prodr. n. 230, et Icon. (ined.) t. 176. Vandellia petiolata, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 268.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 349; M'Gillivray!). Also collected in Tahiti (Forster! Capt. Cook! Barclay !). Common in the tropics of both hemispheres.

Orpo LXVIII. CYRTANDREZE.

I. Cyrtandra, Forst, Gen. t. 3; DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 280. Calyx tubulosus, 5-dentatus, 5- fidus v. 5-partitus, subequalis aut subbilabiatus. Corolla infundibiliformis tubo subincurvo ad fau- cem ampliato, limbo obtuse 5-lobo irregulari subbilabiato. Stamina 4—5, inclusa, 9-3 sterilia, mini- ma, 2 fertilia, antheris crassis loculis parallelis. Pollen ellipticum. Stigma obtusum aut emargina- tum. Bacca oblonga aut ovata, corticata, 2-locularis, septi lobis in margine revoluto seminiferis. Semina co, nuda, sæpe foveata aut punetata.—Frutices, suffrutices aut herbz, caule erecto aut pro- cumbente ; foliis oppositis nune zequalibus nunc altero abortivo pseudo-alternis ; floribus fasciculatis aut capitatis aut solitariis, axillaribus, bracteatis, purpureis albis rarius flavescentibus imo luteis.

A large genus, which has its geographical focus in the Polynesian Islands, but also extends to the Indian Archipelago. All the species are extremely local, and considering how much of Polynesia still re- mains to be explored, there is reason to expect that Cyrtandra will yet be greatly augmented by subsequent discoveries. Asa Gray has done good service in revising the Polynesian species, but there are still a good many undescribed ones in Herbaria. We now know 10 species from the Sandwich Islands (viz. C. cordifolia, Gaud.; C. platyphylla, A. Gray; C. Pickeringii, A. Gray; C. triflora, Gaud.; C. grandiflora, Gaud. (C. Endlicheriana, Nees et C. Ruckiana, Mey.); C. paludosa, Gaud.; C. Lessoniana, Gaud.; C. Garnotiana, Gaud.; C. Macraei, A. Gray; and C. Menziesii, Hook. et Arn.). From the Society Islands we have three species (viz. C. biflora, Forst., C. induta, A. Gray, and O. Taitensis, Rich). From the Samoan group five species (viz. C. pulchella, Rich; C. Samoénsis, A. Gray; C. Richii, A. Gray; C. labiosa, A. Gray; and C. pogonantha, A. Gray). And from the New Hebrides 0. calycina, Benth., C. latifolia, Benth., and C. cymosa,

Forst. (Besleria cymosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 237). By some mistake Bentham's two species are put in De Candolle's ‘Prodromus’ as from the Fijis instead of New Hebrides, as stated by their author (Hook.

Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. ii. p. 228).

]. C. Pritchardii, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257, et vol. x. p. 364 (Tab. XXXIX.); glaberrima; caule fruticoso erecto (6-10 ped.), ramulis subtetragonis; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis obovato-oblongis v. ovalibus dentatis acuminatis, basi attenuatis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus; pedunculis axillaribus v. ex trunco ramisque ortis, solitariis v. aggregatis 3- floris, pedicellis involucro nullo basi bracteolis linearibus acutis instructis; calycis obconici lobis linearibus; corolle (albidz) tubo subincurvo, lobis oblongis obtusis patentibus, 3 inferioribus majori- bus; ovario glabro disco glanduloso cincto ; stylo glanduloso-pubescente; stigmate elliptico, acuto ; bacca (alba) oblonga 2-loculari apieulata.— Woods of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 283).

I have named this species in honour of Mr. W. T. Pritehard, at the time of my visit to Viti H.B.M. Consul. It is remarkable on account of its general glabrousness, with the exception of the style, which is glandulose-pubescent (not shown in Fig. 4 of our plate, where the stigma also is not correctly rendered).

EXPLANATION oF Prats XXXIX. representing Cyrtandra Pritchardii, Seem. Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, corolla laid open; 3, stamens; 4, pistil; 5, cross-section of ovary; 6 and 7, ripe fruit,—all, with

exception of Fig. 6, slightly magnified.

2, C. coleoides, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XL.) ; fruticosa, erecta, glabra; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis ovalibus v. obovato-oblongis brevi-acuminatis v. acutis basi in petiolum attenuatis inte- gerrimis v. obscure dentatis ; floribus aggregatis ex trunco ramisque ortis; peduneulis 1—3-floris ; pedicellis involucro nullo; calyce tubuloso irregulariter rumpente; corolle tubo curvato, laciniis ovato-triangularibus acutis, 3 inferioribus majoribus; staminibus fertilibus 2, sterilibus rudimentariis nullis; stylo glabro; fruct. ign.—Woods near Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 280).

182 FLORA VITIENSIS.

A shrub, 12 feet high. Petiole, $-1 inch long. Blade of leaf, 2-6 inches long, 11-2 inches broad. Flowers greenish-white, from the old wood in the manner of some Coleas.

EXPLANATION oF PLATE XL., representing Cyrtandra coleoides, Seem. Fig. 1 and 2, views of an en- tire flower; 3, corolla laid open; 4 and 5, stamens; 6, pistil,—all magnified.

9. C. Harveyi, (sp. nov.) Seem.; erecta, fruticosa; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque ferrugineo- tomentellis; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis late ovato-oblongis v. obovatis breviter acuminatis basi acutis serratis, supra glaberrimis, subtus ad costas venasque ferrugineo-tomentellis; floribus axillaribus v. e trunco ramisque ortis; pedunculis 1—6-floris; calyce 5-fido, laciniis 3-angularibus

- acutis; corolle tubo eurvato.—Nady, Vanua Levu (Harvey !).

*

4. C. ciliata, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XLL); fruticosa, erecta; foliis oppositis v. ternis longe petiolatis ovalibus longe acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis grosse serratis inter serraturas ciliatis ; floribus ex trunco ramisque ortis cymosis, cymis co-floris; calyce usque ad basin in laciniis 5 lineari- bus acutis diviso; corollz (albz) tubo curvato, lobis obovatis obtusis, 3 inferioribus majoribus ; pis- tillo glabro; bacca oblonga (alba).— Taviuni (Seemann! n. 282).

Petiole more than an inch long. Blade of leaf, 4-6 inches long, 2-24 inches broad. Flowers from the old wood, whitish. *

EXPLANATION oF Prats XLI., representing Cyriandra ciliata. Fig. 1, a flower eyme; 2, an entire

flower; 3, corolla laid open; 4, a stamen; 5, pistil; 6, cross-section of ovary,—all, except Fig. 1, slightly magnified, ;

9. C. Denhami, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque hirsutis; foliis oppositis ovatis v. ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi acutis dentatis, supra glaberrimis, subtus ad costas venasque hirsutis; pedunculis axillaribus elongatis bis trifidis ; calycis glabri laciniis ovatis breviter acumi- natis patentibus; corolla ignota; ovario glabro.—Island of Gau, in woods (Milne! in Capt. Den- ham's Expedition).

Two imperfect specimens collected by Milne, and in leaf not unlike C. Pritchardi. Petiole 1-1 in. long. Blade of leaf 5-7 inches long, 23-34 inches broad. Peduncle much longer than petiole.

6. C. acutangula, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa, erecta, glabra; ramis acutis tetragonis; foliis oppositis ovalibus v. ovali-oblongis acuminatis basi acutis minute glanduloso-dentatis ; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis l-floris; calyce 5-fido extus glabro intus piloso laciniis ovatis acutis; corolla ignota; bacca oblonga apiculata.—Mountains of Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 27 6).

Petioles 1 inch long. Blade of leaf 6-7 inches long, 2-8 inches broad.

7. C. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem.; caule suffruticoso, crasso, erecto, simplici; foliis oppositis obovato-cuneatis acuminatis in petiolum alatum decurrentibus, subintegerrimis, junioribus subtus rufo-villosissimis, demum glabratis ; cymis axillaribus subsessilibus paucifloris ; calycis glabri laciniis ovatis acuminatis; corolla ignota; bacca ovata acuminata.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Betabiabi." - —Woods near Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 277). mt

Leaves 1-1j feet long, 5-7 inches broad. Petiole 4—5 inches long. - i P

8. C. anthropophagorum, (sp. nov.) Seem.; A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. vi. ; frutes- cens, minutim fusco-pubescens ; foliis oppositis oblongis acuminatis subserratis (8—5-poll.) ; pedunculis petiolo brevioribus paucifloris, pedicellis flore longioribus; calyce ad medium 5-fido, lobis subulato- lanceolatis ; corolla (semipollicari) dimidio brevioribus; fructo ovato-oblongo.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped., Milne !), Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 278).

9. C. Milnei, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 257; A. Gray, l.c. ; caule crasso ; ramis petiolis eostaque foliorum rufo-villosissimis, pilis longis multiseptatis superne attenuatis; foliis oppositis (5-8-pollicaribus) ovalibus utrinque acutis vel acuminatis serratis pilosis; pedunculis brevissimis

FLORA VITIENSIS. 183

co-floris; bracteis amplis; calyce pedicello longiori tubuloso fere zequaliter 5-dentato persistente fructum ovatum includente.— Taviuni (Seemann! n. 281).

A remarkable species, of which the corollas are unknown. The very shaggy petioles, 3 or 4 inches long; the blade of the leaf conspicuously veiny. Fructiferous calyx 7 to 10 lines long, cylindraceous or tubular-cyathiform, glabrate, longer than the included even full-grown fruit.

10. C. dolichocarpa, A. Gray, l. c. ; frutescens ; ramis gracilibus junioribus cum petiolis pedun- culis calycibusque pilis longis rufescentibus multiseptatis (modo C. Milnei) barbatis; foliis oppositis subzqualibus lanceolato-oblongis acuminatis denticulatis supra hispidulis subtus breviter fulvo- pubescentibus; pedunculis axillaribus l-floris; calyce longe tubuloso fructu cylindrico siliqueeformi (14-2-pollicari) acuto 1 breviore, sero deciduo.— Woods of Sandal-wood or Bua Bay and Nady, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped., Milne !).

“ Evidently allied to C. Milnei, by the pubescence, tubular calyx, etc. The latter is made out from vestiges which remain upon one side of one of the fruits, showing that it attains fully an inch in length. Yet it is exceeded by the singularly elongated fruit, which, except in form, resembles that of other species of Cyrtandra, i. e. is corticate, probably fleshy when fresh, but juiceless and indehiscent. The stamens must determine whether its relationship is with Mieldia or Whitia (the latter probably no good genus) ; but other Polynesian species exhibit a similar, only less elongated fruit.” —Asa Gray.

11. C. involucrata, Seem. (sp. nov.) ; erecta, fruticosa; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque ferru- gineo-subsericeo-tomentosis ; foliis oppositis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi obtusis dentatis, supra demum glabris, subtus ferrugineo-subsericeo-tomentosis; pedunculis axillaribus 3-floris ; pedicellis basi bracteis 2 foliaceis connatis involucratim suffultis; calycis tubo ovoideo-campanulato, lobis ovato-subulatis; bacca oblonga (alba)J.— Woods of Namosi, interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n.

279). An erect shrub, 6 feet high. Branches obscurely 4-angular. Petioles about an inch long. Blade of leaf 4—6 inches long, 2-23 inches broad.

Orvo LXIX. ACANTHACEJE.

Besides the species enumerated or alluded to below, this Natural Order is represented in tropical Polynesia by :— i :

l. Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss. (Acanthus ilicifolius, Linn.), which has been found in New Caledonia (W. Anderson !) and Tana (Forster !). ; : i

2. Ruellia reptans, Forst. Prodr. n. 242, and Icon. (ined.) t. 181,—a plant with white flowers, appa- rently different from Dipteracanthus lanceolatus, to which the Linnæan Ruellia reptans is referred by Nees, and collected in Tana, Eromanga, and Aneitum, New Hebrides (Forster!, W. Anderson !, Barclay A M‘Gillivray !).

3. Dicliptera pubescens, Juss. (Dianthera cerulea, Forst. Prodr. n. 14, et Icon. (ined.) t. 9), from the Isle of Pines and Botanist’s Island off New Caledonia (Forster!, W. Anderson !, M‘Gillivray !)

4. Dicliptera clavata, Juss. (Dianthera clavata, Forst. Prodr. n. 15. t. 10), from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!, Nelson!), and having white flowers, subulate bracts, and spathulate involucral bracts. js 5. Dicliptera frondosa, Juss. (Dianthera floribunda, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. ined.) p. 203), from Tahiti (Forster!, Wiles and Smith!), and of which Solander says: “ Suffrutex Dianthere bracteata, Kol., simillimus quoad caulem; ramos, folia, e& modum florendi, immo flores et fruetum ; differt autem: bracteis angulatis, cuneiformibus, stipulis subdivisionum peduneuli subulatis. A Dianthera velata differt pedunculis numerosis seu pluries sub ivisis et angustia bractearum. Stipule sub singula divisura peduneulorum bine, opposite, subulate. Bractee cuneiformes, obtuse, basi attenuate, integræ, altera minore. Capsule obcordatz, basi attenuate. Dianthera velata, bracteata, floribunda, et leta yalde affines. 2 pn

6. Dicliptera velata, Seem. ( Dianthera velata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 201; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants t. 3 (ined.)), Society Islands (Banks and Solander D: Suffrutea 3- pedalis, ramosus. Caules erecti, glabri, obtuse tetragoni; lateralibus alternis suleatis, alteris carinatis; carina obtusa. Rami bra- chiati, supra genieula tumidi seu substantia molli farcti, unde in speciminibus exsiccatis ibidem coarctati. Folia caulina et ramea, opposita, petiolata, patentia, ovato-elliptica, acuminata, obsolete crenata, sinubus erenarum puncto glandulaceo albido notatis, glabra, tenuia, venosa; venis remotis apicem versus flexis ;

/

184 FLORA VITIENSIS.

venulis inequaliter reticulatis (vix spithamsea, sepius triuncialia). Petioli folis duplo vel triplo brevi- ores. Pedunculi axillares, oppositi, solitarii, filiformes, striati, foliis paulo breviores, patentes, (altero breviore), subumbelliferi seu terminati pedicellis 3 vel 5 subsqualibus, superne parum crassioribus, levissime pubescentibus, circiter tres lineas longis ad quorum basin stipule 2, opposite, subulatze, pedicellis triplo breviores. Bractee 2, singulum pedicellum terminantes, ex orbieulato dilatate, et lati- ores quam longiores (diametro transversali semunciali), obtusissims, eum acumine minutissimo, integer- rime, plane, conniventes; altera multo minore et basi angustiore. Flores tres intra singulum par bracte- arum sessiles, unico tantum fructigero, lateralibus diminutis, abortientibus, ad basin singuli floris. Stipule 2, subulatz, calyce parum breviores. Calyx profunde 5-partitus, vix 2 lineas longus. _ Lacinie lanceolate, acute, erectz, equales. Corolla monopetala, alba, bilabiata. Tubus cylindricus, crassitie penne passerine leviter tortus, parum villosiusculus, bractea longior (ssepe 7 lineas longus). Labium superius ovatum, extus concavum, tubo duplo brevius, revolutum; marginibus membranaceis subundulatis; apice emarginato. ' Labium inferius oblongum, longitudine labii superioris, revolutum, apice tridentatum. Denticulus obtusiusculus, intermedio paulo majore. Stam. filamenta 2, filiformia, tubo superius inserta, extra tubum exserta, sed laciniis corolle multo breviora. Anthere 2, in singulo filamento erectz, lineares, unica terminalis, altera latere filamenti affixa. Pist. Germen superum, ovatum, acutum, parum compressum. Stylus filiformis, sta- minibus paulo longior. Stigma parvum, obsolete bifidum. Pericarpium omnino uti in Dianthera bracteata.”

7. Dicliptera bracteata, Seem. (Dianthera bracteata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 202; Parkins. Draw- ings of Tahit. Plants, t. 4.—* Ava-thura-thura"?, “ Pao-arha’’?, Tahitensibus. Tahiti (Banks and So- lander!). “ Suffrutex ramosissimus. Caules teretes, glabriusculi, szepe villis brevissimis canescentes. Rami brachiati, obsoletissime tetragoni, supra genicula incrassati. Folia caulina et ramea, opposita, petiolata, patentia, ovata, acuminata, obsolete crenata, glabra, tenuia, venosa; venis tenuibus remotis antrorsum flexis; venulis remote et inequaliter anastomosantibus (tri- et quadriuncialia). Obs.— Ex oppositis alte- rum plerumque minus. Petioli folis duplo vel triplo breviores. Pedunculi longitudine foliorum et sepe longiores, axillares, oppositi, bis et ter subdivisi. Pedicelli 3-ni, 4-ni, vel 5-ni, insequales, precipue ultimi, Stipule 2, oppesite, oblongo-ovate, basi attenuate, foliaceze, bracteiformes, sub singula divisura ; si florescentia uti umbella proponitur, he involucri nomine insigniendw. Bractee 2, pedicellos ultimos ter- minantes, ovato-subrotunde vel interdum latiores, integerrime, obtuse, interdum leviter emarginate, plane, conniventes, diametro semunciali; altera minore. Flores 2 vel 8, sessiles, in sinu bractearum, unicus tan- tummodo fructifer. Stipule 2, subulate, intra bracteas sub singulo flore. Calyx ad basin usque 5-partitus. Lacinie subulate, erectz (sesqui-lineares). Corolla alba, monopetala, bilabiata. Tubus cylindraceus, crassitie penne passerine, extus villosiuseulus, bracteis. paulo longior (i-unciali) Zimbus bipartitus. Labium superius oblongum, planiusculum, longitudine tubi, revolutum, apice tridentatam ; dentibus obtu- siusculis, intermedio breviore. Labiwm inferius paulo brevius, apice leviter incisum seu immarginatum. Stam. filamentum 2 filiformia, inferno dorso tubi adnata, labio superiore paulo breviora, sed extra faucem longe exserta. Anthere 2 in singulo filamento, ovate, mediocres, unica terminalis, alta inferior lateralis, subsessilis. Obs.—Singulum filamentum terminat arcus utrinque antherifer, altero latere brevior. Pist. Germen superum, ovatum, compressum. JS/ylus capillaris, longitudine staminum. Stigma breve, 2- fidum, laciniis acutis. Capsula obovata, acuta, compressa, 2-locularis. Dissepimentum in medio apertum. Valvule naviculares. | Semina solitaria, lentiformi-ovata, arillata ; arillo tumido, atomis ferrugineis adsperso. Difficillime dignoscitur a Dianthera velata, a qua tamen differt caule solidiore, tereti; foliis basi magis rotundatis; pedunculis pluries subdivisis ; stipulis involucraceis bracteiformibus planis; bracteis basi rotun- ue et parum attenuatis, nec tam dilatatis ae in Dianthera velata, modo hee pro specie distinguenda sufficiant." :

8. Dicliptera Samoénsis, Seem. (sp. nov.), foliis ovalibus utrinque attenuatis, pedunculis axillaribus 2-nis, uno breviore 5-7-floris, involucri proprii foliolis 2 exterioribus ellipticis acuminatis, pedunculis pedicellisque puberulis.—Upola, Samoan Islands (Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.).? Corolla would seem to be purple or

reddish. |

I. Adenosma, Nees ab Esenb. in Wall. Plant. Asiat. Rar. vol. iii. p. 75 et 79; DC. Prodr. | vol. xi. p. 67. Calyx 5-partitus, æqualis v. superiori laciniá majori. Corolla ringens. Stamina 4, didynama, antheris 2-loculatis, loculis parallelis. Capsula angustata, rostrata, oc-sperma. Retina- cula nulla.— Herbe v. suffrutices, in uliginosis littoribusque crescentes, erectz v. diffuse ; foliis serra- tis v. erenatis, pubescentibus glabrisve, subinde glandulosis; floribus mediocribus, purpurascentibus, in axillis foliorum superiorum minorum sessilibus, singulis v. ternis, oppositis, spicam foliosam for- mantibus.—Cardanthera, Hamilt. in Herb. Benth. : d

* : : 1, A.tiflora, Nees ab Esenb. 1. c. ; caule ascendente foliisque ovatis crenato-serratis glandu- - loso-pubescentibus; floribus axillaribus verticillatis ternis ; calyce eequali; coroll laciniis omnibus

FLORA VITIENSIS. 185

retusis.—Ruellia triflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 52. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Tamola."—In swamps and banks of rivulets, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 352.) Widely diffused in the East Indies.

This aromatic herb is used by the native physicians for coughs and colds. QE

II. Cheetacanthus, Nees ab Esenb. in Lindl. Introd. ed. ii. p. 445, et in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 462. Calyx profunde 5-fidus, laciniis longis setaceis rigidis. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo an- gusto, limbo subsquali. Stamina 2, a basi ad os usque faucium tubo adnata, subexserta. Antheræ cordatze, loculis subparallelis basi muticis. Capsula oblonga, depresso-4-gona, rigidula, in medio 4- sperma. Flores, axillares sessiles, basi bracteolis duabus subulatis.—Fruticuli myrtilloides, ramosis- simi; foliis parvis, floribus parvis roseis (v. albis?).

1. C. repandus, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 349; fruticosus, elatus, glaber; foliis ovato-lanceolatis seu oblongis, acumine obtuso, repandis sinuatisve, membranaceis; pedunculis cymoso-paucifloris; corolla extus calyceque minutim pubescentibus.—Mountain woods, Ovalau (M*Gillivray ! in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; U. S. Expl. Exped.).

“The small flowers, anthers, ete., correspond with the Cape species, upon which Nees founded his Chatacanthus” (A. Gray). The synonyms which A. Gray thought might be referred to this species must be excluded, as Forster's Justicia repandais a genuine Eranthemum, with large, white corollas dotted with red.

III. Eranthemum, Linn. Fl. Zeyl.; Nees ab Esenb. in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 445. Calyx 5- fidus, zequalis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha v. elongato-infundibuliformis, tubo longo gracili, limbo subzquali. Stamina 2 fertilia cirea os tubi adnata, longe decurrentia, 2 sterilia brevissima, fila- mentis longiorum basi connexa. Antherz exsertz, 2-loculares, muticz, loculis parallelis contiguis, texture densioris. Capsula inferne depressa, valvulis contiguis, asperma; superius 2-locularis, 4- sperma. Dissepimentum adnatum. ` Semina discoidea, retinaculis suffulta.— Frutices v. suffrutices calidizonze et tropics, plerique monticolz, speciosis floribus insignes, czruleis roseis albis varie pictis; folis v. integerrimis v. serratis; floribus spicatis; bracteis communibus majoribus v. mi- noribus, bracteolis omnium parvis oppositis. i

This genus is represented in tropical Polynesia by the following species :—

1. E. repandum, Rom. et Schult. Syst. vol. i. p. 175. Justicia repanda, Forst. Prodr. n. 12, et Icon. (ined.) t. 7.—Tana, New Hebrides (Forster!) Flowers white, with red dots. — A: :

2. E. pelagicum, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; foliis linearibus v. lanceolato-linearibus integerrimis v. subrepandis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis utrinque nigro-punetatis; pedunculis axillaribus 1-3-floris; laciniis calycis subulato-filiformibus; corolle lobis oblongis obtusis.—Aneitum, New Hebrides (M*Gillivray D. “A small shrub” (M‘Gill.). es 1 i ca

3. E. longifolium, Seem.—Justicia longifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 18 et Icon. (ined.) t. 8. Justicia sinu- ata, Banks et Soland. in Vahl, Symb. vol. iii. p. 11; Enum. vol. i. p. 166. Eranthemum sinuatum, Rem. et Schult. Syst. vol. i.p. 175. .Eranthemum Cooperi, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4467. Anthacanthus sinuatus, Nees ab Esenb. in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 462.— Tana (G. Forster! W. Anderson !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! Milne!),

New Caledonia (Cooper !).* P ee : i 4.. E. Carruthersii, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; foliis brevipetiolatis ellipticis v. ovato-lanceolatis, apice acumi-

natis attenuatis v. obtusis, integerrimis; paniculis terminalibus co-floris ; calycis laciniis ovato-lanceolatis ; corollæ lobis ovatis obtusis.—Aneitum and Eromanga, New Hebrides (M'Gillivray s Sus 5. E. tuberculatum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5405. From the Loyalty Islands (Sir G. Grey !), Isle of Pines

(Milne !).

l. E.laxiflorum, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. (Tab. XLII.) ; glaberrimum ; foliis ovato- seu lanceolato-oblongis sæpius acuminatis acumine obtuso v. acuto ; pedunculis axillaribus pe- tiolo longioribus cymoso-tri-oo-floris; bracteis oblongis parvis herbaceis; pedicellis calyce longiori- f these Acanthaceous plants, 1 must point out a mistake of which I have -yol. vii. p. 246) a new genus of Acanthacee from Brazil, of which the

it is unk , Spathodea ilicifolia. Whilst leaving Dr. Andersen to deal with this plant in his forth- m piece Inge vicis [n I will only add that it is identical, as I have since found, with Digita-

talis dracocephaloides, Vellozo, Fl. Fluminensis, vol. vi. t. 101. 2; [PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1866.] B

* In rectifying the synonymy o been guilty, in naming (Bonplandia,

186 FLORA VITIENSIS.

bus; laciniis calycis setaceo-subulatis tubo brevissimo pluries longioribus; corolla hypocraterimor- pha (purpureo-czrulea), lobis ovalibus.— Bua Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (See- mann ! n. 351, ex parte).

Frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant, together with the following, by the European set- tlers in Fiji. The colour of the flowers of all I have seen is, as represented in the Plate, a purplish-blue, —not pure blue, as stated in Pickering’s notes. I am inclined to think that this species gradually passes into E. insularum; indeed, both were distributed by me as one species, and under n. 851. E. laxiflorum is a half-shrub, 3-4 feet high, the lower leaves (one of which is represented (Fig. 1) in the background of the Plate) are sometimes 8-9 inches long, and 4-5 inches broad, whilst the leaves of the flowering branches are very much smaller, and more lanceolate in shape.

EXPLANATION oF PrarE XLII., representing Eranthemum laxiflorum, A. Gray, from specimens col- lected by me. Fig. 1, one of the lower leaves; 2, an entire flower; 3, a corolla laid open; 4, a stamen ; 5, pistil, — Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, slightly magnified.

2. E. insularum, A. Gray, l. c. ; glabrum ; foliis ovatis lanceolatisve obtuse acuminatis ; pedun- culis axillaribus seu ramos terminantibus brevibus 1-3-floris; bracteolis minutis; calycis laciniis subulatis tubo duplo triplove longioribus ; corolla infundibuliformi (purpureo-czrulea), lobis oblongis. —Ovalau, both wild and cultivated (Seemann! n. 351, ex parte; U. S. Expl. Exped.!), Tongan Islands (Harvey !).

Orvo LXX. VERBENACEA.

The most singular genera of Verbenacee occurring in tropical Polynesia are Faradaya and Overa (both represented by several species), and the monotypic Nesogenes (N. euphrasioides, DC.; Myoporum euphra- sioides, Hook. et Arn.). In the Hawaiian Islands we have three introduced species, viz. Verbena Bonarien-: sis, Linn., collected in Oahu (Seemann! n. 1719! Barclay !) ; Stachytarpheta dichotoma, Vahl. (Macrae !), and some Lantana, which, from the scrap collected by Lay and Collie, was referred, with a mark of doubt, to L. annua, Linn. Lippia nodiflora, Rich (Zapania nodiflora, Lam.), has been found by Milne and M‘Gil- livray in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia, by Forster in Tana, and by M‘Gillivray in Aneitum; and there can be little doubt that this common tropical weed occurs in Viti also.

I. Premna, Linn. Gen. n. 1316; Schauer in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 630. Calyx cupuliformis, cyathimorphus vel subcampanulatus, subbilabiato-4—5-fidus vel dentatus aut bilabiatus, labio utroque vel altero saltem integro, persistens demumque auctus. Corolla tubulosa, tubo subinfundibuliformi brevi; limbus nunc bilabiato-4-fidus, patens, labio superiore semibifido emarginatove, inferiore 3- fido 3-partitove, lobis subzequalibus vel medio nonnihil producto, nunc subregularis reflexus ; fauces villosze, seepius longe barbatz. Stamina 4, didynama vel subzqualia, corollam subzquantia vel ex: serta, zequidistantia ; anthers subrotunde, dorso insertze, loculi basi divergentes. Ovarium 4-loculare loculis l-ovulatis. Stylus filiformis, stamina subequans, Stigma 2-fidum, cruribus divaricatis. Drupa pisiformis, carnosa, monopyrena, putamine axi perforato duro rugoso vel verrucoso-tubercu- lato 4-loculari vel abortu bi-triloculari. Semen radicula infera, erectum.—Frutices vel suffrutices aut arbores, glabri aut pube simplici stellatave induti, rarius glanduloso-punctati, odore herb: et florum plerumque gravi sambucino vel hircino pollentes ; foliis oppositis simplicibus integerrimis aut dentatis penninerviis, citra basin sæpius multiplinerviis ; floribus parvis, in paniculas terminales tricho- tomo-cymosas corymbiformes brachiato-pyramidatas aut anthuroideas collocatis, ssepius polygamis solis alaribus primariis fertilibus.—Cornutia, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 41, non Plum. Gumira littorea et Folium hircinum, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 208. t. 183 et 134. Gumira, Hassk. in Flora Ratisb. 25 (1842), vol. ii. Beibl. p. 26. Holochiloma, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, p. 371. Lomatia, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 273 (ined.). Scrophularioides, Forst. Prodr. n. 528.

"E P. Taitensis, Schauer in DC. Prod. vol. xi. p. 688 (Tab. XLIIL); arborea, inermis; ramulis petiolis pedunculisque glabriusculis v. rufo-subvelutinis; foliis petiolatis ovatis brevi-acumi-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 187

natis basi rotundatis v. cordatis integerrimis margine reflexis bullato-rugosis utrinque glabris supra nitidis subtus pallidis; petiolo canaliculato, panicula terminali corymbosa oo-flora; calyce brevi cupuliformi subbilabiato obsolete 4-dentato; drupa subglobosa glabra (nigro-violacea).— P. integri- folia, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 67, non Linn. Scrophularioides arborea, Forst. Prodr. n. 528. Scrophularioides (?) Pacifica, Forst. Herb. et Icon. (ined.) t. 178. Lomatia cymosa, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 271, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 60.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Seemann, “ Yaro,” Tahitiense, teste Solander, ** Awalho."—Common in woods of Ovalau, Nairai Moala, and Viti Levu (Seemann, n. 355, 356, Milne! Harvey! M‘Gillivray !). Also collected in Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Uvea (Hume!), and in the Society (Cook !), Marquesas (Forster | Matthews !), Tongan (Harvey !), and Coral Islands (Lay and Collie !).

There are two forms, perhaps species, combined under the above name; the one is more or less glabrous, the other more or less covered with a velvety down, and only the latter has as yet been met with in the Viti Islands. Forster (Prodr. n. 528) combined both under the name of Scrophularioides arborea, and does not give a deseription of the plant. In his herbarium and drawings it occurs under the name Scrophularioides (?) Pacifica. The glabrous state was known to Solander, and named by him Lomatia cymosa.* An examination of more complete specimens than are now at hand, may perhaps bring to light more important characters than I have been able to find between these two forms, and establish their claims to specific distinction. It may therefore not be out of place to group here the information now accessible.

1. Glabrous state=Premna Tahitensis, Schauer.—Scrophularioides Pacifica, Forst. ex parte. Sero- phularioides (?) arborea, Forst. ex parte. Lomatia cymosa, Soland.—Collected in Tahiti (Cook !), Marque-

sas (Forster !), Wallis Island (Home !), and Tonga (Harvey D. 2. Plant with sub-velvety branchlets, petioles, and peduncles,— Serophularioides Pacifica and S. (?)

arborea, Forst.— Premna integrifolia, Hook. et Arn., non Linn.— Viti (Seemann! Milne! Harvey ! Barclay !), Marquesas (Cook !), Tahiti (Herb. Kew.), Coral Islands (Beechey!). Also collected by Forster (locally not

yaar eee of Fiji, who call the tree “ Yaro,” employ the wood for house-building.

ExprANATION OF PLATE XLIII., representing Premna Taitensis, Schauer.—Fig. 1, a flower; 2, calyx and pistil; 3, corolla laid open ; 4, stamen; 5, ovary :—all magnified.

II. Clerodendron, Linn. Gen. n. 798; Schauer in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 658. Calyx campa- nulatus, rarius tubulosus, interdum 5-gonus et subinflatus, 5-fidus vel 5-dentatus, rarissime trun- catus. Corolla infundibularis vel subhypocraterimorpha; tubo sepissime calycem conspicue exce- dente, interdum longissimo ; limbo 5-partito, laciniis superioribus paulo magis approximatis subine- quali vel laciniis inferioribus magis minusve adscendentibus, obliquo immo subsecundo. Stamina 4; corollæ tubo inserta, longe exserta, subdidynama. Antherz supra basin insert, basi fissze, 2-loculares, loculis parallelis rima longitudinali dehiscentibus. Ovarium 4-loculare, loculis 1l-ovulatis; ovulo in spermophoro angulo centrali adnato pendulo. Stylus filiformis, exsertus; stigmate 2-fido acuto.

Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 271. "Vulgo dicitur *Awalho. Hab. in Tahiti et ra. Rami teretes, leves. Folia opposita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, integer- rima, levia; venis paucis obliquis pluribus tenuissimis subtransversalibus cancellata, venulisque numero- sissimis obsolete reticulata, plana, tri- et quadriuncialia. Petioli foliis duplo et triplo breviores, circiter sesquiunciales; altero breviore, cujus folium etiam paulo minus est. Cyme terminales, ramosissime, dichotome, divaricatissime, foliis longiores, oo-flore. Stipule lineari-subulatze, breves, opposite ad singulam dichoto- miam cymarum. Caly« 1-phyllus, cylindraceo-urceolatus, persistens (lin. longus), subbilabiatus, 5-dentatus ; bus remotioribus, 3 inferioribus minoribus. Corolla inæqualis ; tubus sub- bus, calyce vix eon oe Faux rie esie pe spem ; i i; emus reliquis longior, ut infimus brevior; laterales m jocres. bs.—Si_corolle Ten e M bee est. Teili superius 2.fidum ; lobis ovatis obtusis planis porrectis. Labium in- ferius patens, 3-fidum ; lobis subrotundis obtusissimis, intermedio paulo majore. Filamenta 4, tubo corolle superne imposita, duo paulo inferiora. Anthere ibe didym:e, faucem claudentes. Germen . superum, subrotundum, depressum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus paulo brevior. Stigma 2-fidum ; laciniis subulatis parvis divaricatis. Drupa subglobosa, glabra, nigro-viofacea, magnitudine Pisi, 1-locularis, 1- sperma. Nuy 4-locularis, crassa subrotunda, profunde sulcata, porcis inequalibus interruptis. Nuclei solitarii, oblongi, albi." ` ee á

* * LOMATIA cymosa, Huahine. Arbor parva, tota glab

. B

dentibus 2 superioribus longioribu cylindraceus, in medio parum gib

188 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Drupa calyci ampliato insidens vel inclusa, baccata vel carnosa, 4- vel sepius abortu 1-2-3- pyrena, sepius 2—4-loba; pyrenis maturitate distinctis, 1-locularibus; putamine lignoso levi. Semen solitarium, erectum. Cotyledones oleose, applicitz ; radicula brevis, infera.— Frutices vel arbores; foliis oppositis vel ternis, simplicibus integris vel rarius lobatis, phyllopodio interdum prominenti persistenti insidentibus ; cymis trichotomis vel axillaribus vel in paniculam terminalem collectis.— Volkamerie sp., Linn. Volkmannia, Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. t. 338. Agricolea, Schrank in Regenb. Denkschrift. 1808, p. 98. — Siphonanthus, Linn. Gen. 129. Ovieda, Linn. Gen. n. 787. Valdia, Plum. Gen. 14; Icon. t. 267. Torreya, Spreng. Neue Entdeck. vol. ii. p.121. Cornacchinia, Savi in Mem. Sc. Ital. Mod. 21. p. 187, cum icon.

Several Polynesian species previously referred to Clerodendron turn out to be members of the new genus Faradaya, so that Clerodendroa is represented only by the widely-diffused C. inerme. I may here remark of a Chinese species (C. fortunatum, Linn.) that I was wrong in referring, from description, Loureiro's Volkameria pumila (Clerodendron pumilum, Spreng.) to it as a synonym. I have since seen the original spe- cimens of Volkameria pumila, Loureiro, at the British Museum, and find it to be entirely different from C. fortunatum. O. fortunatum would therefore include only two of the synonyms which (Bonplandia, vol.

x. p. 249) I referred to it, viz. C. lividum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 945, and C. pentagonum, Hance in Wlprs. Ann. vol. iii. p. 238. ;

1. C. inerme, R. Brown, in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. iv. p. 65; Schauer in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 660; ramulis virgatis, novellis cum cymis adpresse pubescentibus, adultis foliisque glabris, foliis ovalibus vel ellipticis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, brevissime acuminatis, apice obtuso inte- gerrimis opacis subtus pallidis; cymis axillaribus folium æquantibus 3-floris, in paniculam corym-- bosam terminalem collectis; calyce campanulato 5-dentato; tubo corollæ glabro filiformi elongato.— Volkameria inermis, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. p. 281; Jacq. Coll. Suppl. p. 117. t. 4. fig. 1. Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. v. p. 86. t. 46. Rheede Hort. Malab. vol. v. p. 97. t. 49. C. buxifolium, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. ii. p. 758. C. Commersonii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. ii. p. 758?—Common on the seaside of all the Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 353, Barclay !). Also collected in the Isle of Pines (Milne !), Tongan Islands (Matthews! Sir E. Home! Harvey !), New Caledonia (Forster! Capt. Cook !), and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Common in the East Indies and China.

Asa Gray distinguishes the broad-leaved form of this species under the name of Oceanicum, and thinks it restricted to Polynesia, but I have seen specimens of it from Malacca (Griffith !), Java (Horsfield !) East Indies (Gouan! Thomson!). The small-leaved form I have seen from Mangalor (Hohenacker!), China (Amhurst!), Hongkong (Urquhart ! Hance! Champion !), Rangoon (M‘Cleland !)

III. Faradaya, F. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. vol. v. p. 21 (1865); Seem. Journ of Bot. 1865, p. 258. Calyx ante anthesin clausus, demum irregulariter in lobos 2-3-4 rumpens. Corolla hypocraterimorpha v. subinfundibuliformis, limbo 4-lobo subregulari. Stamina 4, exserta; anthere 2-loculares, loculis parallelis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus; Stylus elongatus. Stigma 2-lamellatum. Ovarium 4-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulis pendulis. Drupa crustaceo-lignescens, l-sperma.— Frutices erecti; foliis oppositis v. verticillatis ovalibus v. oblongis integerrimis; cymis simplicibus v. paniculatis, axillaribus v. terminalibus; floribus albis.— Clerodendron sp. auct. Clerodendron (§ — Tetrathyranthus) , A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. vi.

In the thirty-first number of his * Fragmenta Phytographie Australie,’ Dr. F. Mueller defines a new genus, which, in honour of the illustrious Faraday, he names Faradaya, and of which only one species (F. splendida), discovered by Dallachy in woods at Rockingham Bay, was known to him. Dr. Mueller referred the genus to, Bignoniacez, and, on sending his printed description, accompanied by a specimen of the plant, he was pleased to ask my opinion with regard to the stability of the genus. An examination convinced me that Faradaya was identical with a genus which for some time had engaged iny attention, and about which I had previously entered into correspondeéhce with Professor Asa Gra » as one of those specially interested in it. The genus I hold to be a sound one; but Dr. Mueller, usually so correct, was, in this instance, certainly wrong in referring it to Bignoniacee, with which the plant has nothing to do, it being a genuine member of the

FLORA VITIENSIS. 189

Natural Order Verbenacea, and closely related to Clerodendron and Oxera. Let me state the history of the genus. In 1862, I described, in the tenth volume of the ‘ Bonplandia, p. 249, a Clerodendron, from the Tongan or Friendly Islands, under the name of C. Amicorum. Shortly afterwards, Asa Gray, travelling over the same ground, also came across this species, and had already given it exactly the same name when the ‘ Bonplandia’ reached him. On describing it in the Proceedings of the American Academy, vol. vi. p. 50, he added another species (C. ovalifolium), from the Viti Islands, and pointed out that both agreed in their 4-lobed, almost regular calyx and corolla, and 4 stamens, at the same time proposing the sectional name Tetrathyranthus for these two Clerodendrons. At the beginning of the year 1865, an allied third species, collected by Mr. J. Storck in Viti, reached me, which also had a 4-lobed corolla and 4 stamens, but the calyx was almost invariably 2-lobed, the lower lobe frequently splitting into 2. This led to renewed examination. The calyx I found to be closed before anthesis and splitting, or rather tearing irregularly into 4, 3, or 2 lobes, when the corolla is forcibly pushed through a very narrow aperture at the apex, indicated by four very minute points,—one would hardly, call them teeth, though they are in reality the . teeth of the calyx. The splitting of the calyx is analogous to what we find in the genus Tecoma (as now circumscribed) and several genera of Hubignoniee ; we have nothing like it in the genuine Cleroden- dron, and I think there can be no doubt that this set of plants must constitute a separate genus. I meant to have taken this view of the case in dealing with them in this place, and to have adopted A. Gray’s sectional name for the genus; but, as I find the species from Rockingham Bay to be a congener, and as a new name has actually been published, I adopted (Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 258), Mueller’s name.

In looking over the herbarium of the British Museum for congeners, I met with a plant having a calyx similar to my Faradaya Vitiensis, and provisionally named by R. Brown Vitex (7) macrophylla (foliis sim- plicibus integerrimis ovato-oblongis glabris costatis basi 2-glandulosis; caule arboreo), and discovered by Banks and Solander at Cape Grafton, east coast of New Holland. There is only one specimen extant, and an examination showed that the ovary is 5-celled, and that the carpellary leaves are involute, as in Clero- dendron and Faradaya. Solander gave to this plant the manuscript name Ephiélis simplicifolia, coupling it with another Verbenaceous plant (Vitex littoralis, A. Cunningh.), from New Zealand. As the former represents an entirely new generic type, Solander's name might be adopted, since Sehreber's Ephielis does not stand, being synonymous with Aublet’s Matayba, and now regarded as a section of Ratonia. I should add that the only flower which could be examined had only four equal lobes of the corolla, whilst Solander mentions five; in estivation the external lobe overlaps the two placed next it, and these again overlapping the internal one. ;

Epuretis, Solander, mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. excl. sp. Calyx ante anthesin clausus, demum irregula- riter 2-fidus, “ glaber, persistens, 3 lineas longus." Corolla “irregularis (extus sericea); tubus cylindra- ceus, deorsum incurvus, longitudine calycis; faux magna, ventricosa, tubo duplo longior ; limbus 5-parti- tus; lacinie oblongæ, obtuse, patule, longitudine tubi, 2 superiores erectiuscule (intus nives), 2 laterales divaricatee (colore superiorum); infima lacinia dependens, ceteris paulo longior (intus rubicunda, macula baseos magna lutea)" Stamina 4, “tubo longiora; anthers 2-lobm." Ovarium 5-loculare, ovulis soli- tariis. “Stylus filiformis, subulatis, inclinatus, corolla paulo longior. Stigma subulatum, acutum, re- flexum. Drupa oblongo-obovata, subtus 2-nata, obtusissima, (non penitus matura magnitudine nucis Avel- lanæ,) nux ovalis, 5-locularis, loculo centrali majore, nuclei oblongi solitarii.”—Arbor Nove Hollandis orien- . talis, foliis oppositis ovato-oblongis integerrimis costatis glabris, basi 2-glandulosis; floribus cymoso-pani- culatis axillaribus et terminalibus, albidis.—Seem. in * Journal of Botany,’ 1865, p. 258. cnet

Species unica :— :

1. E. simplicifolia, Soland. mss. l. c.; Seem. in Journ. of Bot. l. c.— Vitex (?) macrophylla, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 512.—Cape Grafton (Banks et Solander!). Dr. Mueller (Fragm. Phytogr. vol. v. p. 72) observes with regard to this plant :—“ Ephiëlis, quam cl. Seemann sub generis dignitate adumbravit, fortassis Vi- ticis genere haud removenda est, quia etiam Vitex Dalrympliana (eadem apparens ae V. macrophylla) pas- sim putamen 5-loculatum offert." Yet the calyx of Vitex macrophylla differs from that of all other species of Vitez, and seems to point to a generic difference. de id

1. F. ovalifolia, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 258; foliis ovalibus obtuse acuminatis basi subangustatis (cum petiolo ramisque teretibus) glabris; cymis co-floris corymboso-paniculatis canes- centi-puberulis; corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo (ultra pollicari) calycem obtuse 4-lobum pluries excedente, lobis rotundatis inter se :equalibus stamina adzquantibus.—Clerodendron (Tetrathy- ranthus) ovalifolium, A. Gray, l. c.—Viti Islands, exact locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped. !).

Differs from F. Amicorum* somewhat in the foliage, but strikingly in the shape of the corolla.

* F. Amicorum, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 258; foliis ovali- seu cuneato-obovatis (9-10-pollicari- bus) in petiolum brevem attenuatis integerrimis cum ramis subteretibus glabris; cymis oo-floris corymboso- paniculatis canescenti-puberulis; coroll tubo subinfundibuliformi calyce 4-lobo quadruplo lobis ipsis duplo

190 FLORA VITIENSIS.

2. F. Vitiensis, Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 258 (Tab. XLIV.); glabra; foliis oppositis v. verticillatis ovali-oblongis v. obovato-oblongis acuminatis in petiolum attenuatis; cymis axillaribus corymbosis co-floris; corollee tubo subinfundibuliformi calyce subbilabiato duplo triplove longiori; lobis oblongis obtusis, staminibus longe exsertis, ovario 4-lobo; drupa . . .—Viti Levu (Storck !).

A robust-growing shrub, with thick branches, glabrous in all its parts, and in foliage not unlike JF splendida, F. Muell.* Largest leaves from 8-10 inches long (including petiole), and from 4-5 inches broad.

Cymes corymbose, flowers cream-coloured. In estivation the lower lobe of the corolla is innermost and the upper is the outer, and overlapping the two lateral ones.

EXPLANATION OF Prare XLIV., representing Faradaya Vitiensis, from specimens collected by Mr. J. Storck. Fig. 1, a flower-bud; 2, a flower open; 3, calyx and pistil; 4, corolla laid open; 5, ovary; 6, cross-section of ovary,—all slightly magnified.

IV. Vitex, Linn. Gen. n. 790; Schauer in DC. Prodr. vol. xi. p. 682. Calyx cyathimorphus, campanulatus aut tubuloso-infundibuliformis, 5-dentatus aut 5-fidus, dentibus lacinüsve paulo in- eequalibus. Corolla 2-labiata, labio superiore 2-fido, inferioris 3-fidi laciniis lateralibus quam supe- riores paulo majoribus, lacinià intermediá vero reliquis ampliore atque porrectá; faucibus seepins campanulato-inflatis. Stamina 4, didynama, corolle tubo inserta, adscendentia, exserta; anthers obceordatz, loculis basi discretis, rimá longitudinali dehiscentibus. Ovarium 4-loculare, loculis 1- ovulatis. Stylus terminalis, filiformis, apice 2-fidus, cruribus acutis. Drupa calyci aucto et plerum- que dirupto insidens, succosa, l-pyrena, 4-locularis, putamine lignoso. Seminis erecti cotyle- dones applicite ; radicula brevis, infera.—Arbores aut frutices, ramulis foliisque novellis cum inflores- centiá pube sæpius evanescente indutis ; foliis oppositis, plerumque digitatis, rarissime abortu foliolorum lateralium simplicibus, cymis trichotomis vel simplicibus axillaribus vel panieculatis.— J/allrothia, Roth, Nov. Plant. Sp. p. 317. Limia, Vandelli in Reem. Script. Hisp. p. 126. t. 7. fig. 21. Ne- phrandra, Cothen. Disp. 8. Psilogyne, DC. Rev. Bign. p. 16. Chrysomallum, Thou. Gen. Madag. n. 25. Pyrostoma, F. W. Meyer, Prim. Flor. Essequib. 119. Casarettoa, Wlprs. Rep. vol. iv. p. 91.

1, V.(Euagnus) trifolia, Linn. Suppl. 293; ramulis foliorumque facie pube pulveracea exili subevanescente canescentibus, foliorum dorso paniculaque tomento alphitoideo raro candicantibus; folis petiolatis 3-foliolatis simplicibusve, foliolis obovato-oblongis obovatisve acutis obtusisque basi plerumque longe attenuata sessilibus integerrimis supra demum subglabratis; panicula terminali cymis pedunculatis erectis angusta; calyce cyathimorpho breviter et acute repando-dentato.— V. in- tegerrima, Mill. Dict. n. 3. V. ovata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 257; Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. t. 47. V. repens, Blanco, Fl. de Filipinas, p. 513. Lagondium vulgare, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 48. t. 18. Caranosi, Rheede, Hort. Malab. vol. ii. p. 18. t. 10.— Common on the seabeach of all the Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 354; Barclay! Sir E. Home!). Also collected in Tonga (Forster !), New Caledonia (Anderson! M'Gillivray ), Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!), and Sandwich Is- lands (Macrae!). Common in tropical New Holland, China, the East Indies, and islands of Eastern Africa.

We have in Polynesia both the trifoliolate and the unifoliolate form of this species.

2. V. (Euagnus) Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XLV.); foliis omnibus simplicibus longe petiolatis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis glabrescentibus, panicula; terminali cymis pedunculatis

triplove longiori; staminibus modice exsertis.—Olerodendron Amicorum, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 249. Clerodendron (Tetrathyranthus) Amicorum, A. Gray, l.c. Terminalioides, Soland. mss. in x Mus. Brit.—Tongan (Banks and Solander! Barclay! Harvey! U. S. Expl. Exped.!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.! in Herb. Benth.).

* F. splendida, F. Muell. Fragm. |. c.; Seem. 1.c.; fere glabra; foliis oppositis; floribus paniculatis. —Rockingham Bay (Dallachy !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. 191

erectis angusta; calyce cyathimorpho breviter et acute repando 5-dentato; calyce corollaque pube. rulis; stigmatis cruribus inzqualibus acutis.—Gmelina Vitiensis, Seem., Mission to Viti, p. 440.— Viti, locality not specified (Milne !). :

Milne collected only one specimen of this singular plant, all the leaves of which are truly simple; but it may be that the species has also compound leaves, like most of its congeners. The unequal lobes of the stigma point to a certain relationship with Gmelina, but all the other characters are those of a genuine Vitex. Petioles 6-12 lines long. Blade of leaf from 3-5 inches long, and 131—243 inches broad. Corolla 2- labiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed. Calyx, corolla, and filaments covered with down. Anthers ovate. Ovary 4-celled. Ripe fruit unknown.

EXPLANATION. oF Prate XLV., representing Vitex Vitiensis, from specimens collected by Milne and a drawing made by M‘Donald, both at Kew. Fig. 1, a flower-bud; 2, an expanded flower; 3, corolla laid open; 4, stamen; 5, calyx and pistil; 6, pistil; 7, cross-section of ovary,—all magnified.

Orpo LXXI. LABIATZE.

Four genera of Polynesian Lebiatz have as yet not been met with in Viti, viz. Sphacele, Coleus, Phyllo- stegia, and Stenogyne. Sphacele is represented by S. hastata, A. Gray, in the Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.); Coleus by C. scutellarioides, Benth. (Ocimum scutellarioides, Linn.) in Tana (Forster! M‘Gilli-

“vray !) and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !) ; the two other genera are confined to the Hawaiian Islands, and they have recently been revised by Asa Gray. Of Phyllostegia we have, 1, P. vestita, Benth. (P. dentata, Benth.), 2, P. grandiflora, Benth. (Prasium macrophyllum, Gaud. ?) ; 3, P. brevidens, A. Gray, et var. (P) ambigua ; 4, P. glabra, Benth. (P. Macraei et Chamissonis of Benth., Prasium glabrum, Gaud.) ; 5, P. hirsuta, Benth. ; 6, P. parviflora, Benth., var. a. Gaudichaudi (P. parviflora, Benth.), var. B. glabriuscula (P. macrophylla, Benth. presertim pl. Macraei), and var. y. mollis (P. mollis, Benth.) ; 7, P. stachyoides, A, Gray ; 8, P. cla- vata, Benth.; 9, P. racemosa, Benth.; 10, P. haplostachya, A. Gray, and var. P. leptostachya; 11, P. trun- cata, A. Gray; and 12, P. floribunda, Benth. Of Stenogyne we have, 1, S. macrantha, Benth.; 2, S. rotun- difolia, A. Gray ; 8, S. cordata, Benth. ; 4, S. sessilis, Benth. ; 5, S. calaminthoides, A. Gray ; 6, S. scrophu- larioides, Benth., and var. B (S. Nelsoni, Benth., Pheopsis montana, Nutt.) ; 7, S. rugosa, Benth. ; 8, S. angustifolia, &. Gray ; 9, S. microphylla, Benth. ; 10, S. crenata, A. Gray; and 11, S. diffusa, A. Gray.

1. Ocimum, Linn. Gen. p. 173, excl. sp. Benth. in DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 31, Calyx ovatus v. campanulatus, 5-dentatus, dentis superioris orbiculati v. obovati membranacei marginibus decurrenti- bus alatus, post anthesin deflexus ; fauce intus nuda v. rarius pilosa. Corolla tubo calyce subbreviore rarissime exserto, intus exannulato, fauce sepius campanulata; limbo 2-labiato; labio superiore 4- fido, inferiore vix longiore declinato integerrimo, plano v. leviter concavo. Stamina 4. Filamenta libera, superiora basi szepe dente v. pilorum fasciculo appendiculata. Stylus apice- breviter 2-fidus ; lobis subzequalibus subulatis v. complanatis. Discus hypogynus, tumens in glandulas. 1-4, quarum antica v. interdum omnes ovarii lobos æquant v. superant. Nucule ovoideæ v. subglobose, lives v.

sub lente punctulate rugulose, mature humectate sepius dense mucilaginose.— Herbae suffrutices v.

frutices; foliis floralibus bracteiformibus ssepius petiolatis integerrimis, flores rarius excedentibus, vulgo deciduis; verticillastris 6-floris, rarissime sub-10-floris, in racemos terminales dispositis, pedun- culo communi subnullo; pedicellis erectis apice recurvis ; glandulis foliorum et calycis vulgo crebris ;

-

genitalibus seepius exsertis.

dq tissimum, Linn. Sp. p. 832; caule glabriusculo; foliis petiolatis ovatis acutis crenatis v. SR seinem basi kigus sbri v. secus costas pubescentibus ; floralibus bractezeformibus lanceolatis acuminatis basi hastatis; racemis simplicibus v. basi subramosis pubescentibus ; calycibus pedicellatis, dentibus lateralibus minimis, infimis alte connatis in labium 2-mucronatum ; corollis calycem vix superantibus; staminibus exsertis.— Benth. l. c.; Jacq. Icon. Rar. vol. iii. p. 495. Rheede, Mal. vol. x. p. 171. t. 86. O. Zeylanicum, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. p. 174. et t. 80. fig. 1, quoad folia. O. frutescens, Mill. Dict. n. 6. O. petiolare, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 385. A common weed in

192 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Viti (Seemann! n. 358). Also collected in the Samoan (Sir E. Home !), and Marquesas Islands (Barclay !). Widely diffused in the East Indies and South America.

II. Plectranthus, L'Hérit. Stirp. vol. i. p. 85; Benth. in DC. Prod. vol. xii. p. 55. Calyx per anthesin campanulatus, 5-dentatus, dentibus æqualibus v. supremo majore, fructifer auctus, nunc declinatus, rectus, incurvus v. inflatus, dentibus zequalibus v. varie 2-labiatis, nunc erectus, tubulosus v. campanulatus, zequaliter 5-dentatus. Corolle tubo exserto basi supra gibbo v. calcarato dein de- clinato defracto v. subrecto; fauce æquali v. rarius inflata; labio superiore 3—4-fido, inferiore integro sepius longiore concavo. Stamina 4, declinata, didynama, inferiora longiora. Filamenta libera, edentula. Antherz ovato-reniformes ; loculis confluentibus v. rarius subdistinctis divaricatis. Stylus apice breviter 2-fidus; lobis subzqualibus subulatis, stigmatibus minutis terminalibus.—Herbee suffrutices fruticesve; racemis terminalibus simplicibus v. ramosis; verticillastris laxis, co-floris, cymis utrinque sepius evolutis, rarius in verticilastros densos contractis.— Germania, Lam. Dict. vol. ii. p. 682. — Dentidia, Lour. Cochinch. p. 369. Isodon, Schrad. -

Besides the following species we have in tropical Polynesia P. parviflorus, Willd. (P. australis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. non R. Brown) from the Sandwich Islands (Maerae! Barclay !).

1. P. Forsteri, Benth. Lab. p. 38; DC. Prodr. l.c. p. 68 (Tab. XLVIL); caule herbaceo. ascendente glabriusculo ; foliis petiolatis ovatis obtusiusculis basi cuneatis remote crenulatis glabrius- culis, floralibus minutissimis subnullis; racemis laxis simplicibus, verticillastris laxe 6—10-floris ; calycibus glabris, fructiferis declinatis pedicello brevioribus, dente supremo ovato acuto vix decurrente, lateralibus lanceolatis acutis, infimis setaceis; corollis minutis calyce florifero vix duplo longioribus. —Ocimum pusillum, Forst. Prodr. n. 527, sine descriptione. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Laca."— Viti Levu (Barclay! Hinds!), Taviuni (Seemann! n.359). Also collected in Tana, Eromanga, and Aneitum, New Hebrides (Forster! M‘Gillivray !).

A. weed abounding in cultivated places, and having purple bracts supporting pale-blue flowers. The leaves are aromatic and in repute amongst the natives as a cure for “ bad eyes” and headache; they are also recommended for coughs and colds.

ExrnaNATION OF Puare XLVII., representing Plectranthus Forsteri.—Fig. 1, an entire flower; 2, calyx; 3, calyx and pistil; 4, corolla laid open; 5 and 6, ovary :—all magnified.

III. Leucas, Benth. Lab. p. 602; DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 528. Calyx tubulosus v. tubuloso- campanulatus, striatus, apice rectus v. incurvus, ore zequali aut oblique supra v. infra producto, 8-10- dentato. Corolla tubo incluso, intus annulato v. nudo; limbo 2-labiato; labio superiore concavo, erecto, integro v. rarius emarginato, extus hirsutissimo; inferiore longiore patente 3-fido, lacinia media maxima. Stamina sub galea adscendentia. Filamenta basi nuda. Anthere sub labio supe- - riore per paria approximatz, subbiloculares; loculis divaricatis confluentibus. Styli lobus superior brevissimus, inferior subulatus. Nucule 3-quetre, apice obtusz.— Herbæ suffruticesve; foliis inte-

gerrimis v. sepius dentatis; floralibus subconformibus; verticillastris nunc paucifloris, nunc dense oc-floris ; corollis szepius albis, rarius purpurascentibus.

l. L. decemdentata, Smith in Rees Cyclop.; Benth. 1. c.; annua ?; pubescens; foliis ovatis crenatis, tenuiter tomentosis utrinque viridibus v. subtus subcanescentibus ; verticillastris oc-floris, inferioribus v. omnibus petiolo brevioribus; bracteis minutis; calycibus pubescentibus striatis, ore xquali, dentibus brevibus setaceis.—S/achys decemdentata, Forst. Prodr. n. 526 ; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 57. Phlomis decemdentata, Willd. Spec. vol. iii. p. 124. Leucas stachyoides, Spreng. Syst. vol. ii. p. 743. On roadsides, common in Viti (Seemann! n. 357). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Barclay! Cuming! n. 1409). :

Flowers white.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 193

IV. Teucrium, Linn. et Auct.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 574. Calyx tubulosus v. campanulatus, rarius inflatus, 5-dentatus; dentibus æqualibus v. supremo ssepius latiore. Corolla tubo brevi intus exannulato ; limbi laciniis 4 superioribus subzequalibus v. supremis latioribus longio- ribusve, nune oblongis declinatis, nunc brevissimis subrectis, infima maxima rotundata v. oblonga sepius concava. Stamina 4, inter lacinias supremas exserta, didynama, inferioribus longioribus. Antherarum loculi confluentes. Stylus apice subzqualiter 2-fidus. Nuculz in speciebus plerisque more tribus grosse reticulato-rugosz, in paucis tamen Scorodoniis rete vix elevatum, in omnibus latere interiore baseos oblique affixe.—Herbee fruticesve, habitu et inflorescentia varia.

l. T. inflatum, Swartz, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 88; Benth 1. c.; herbaceum, erectum, pubescens v. villosum ; foliis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis basi rotundato-truncatis v. subcordatis, subtus subcanes- centibus; spica subsimplici, bracteis lanceolatis; calycibus declinatis inflatis pubescentibus villosisve, ore contracto, dente supremo latiore.— 7. villosum, Forst. Prodr. n. 232 et Icon. (ined.) t. 171. T. palustre, Kth. in Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. vol. ii. p. 306. T. vesicarium, Mill. ; Steud. Nom. Bot. p. 830.— Common in most Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 360). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Forster! Barclay !), New Caledonia (Sir E. Home !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!), and Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !).

Orbo LXXII. PLANTAGINEZ.

I. Plantago, Linn. Gen. 142; Dene. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. i. p. 694. Flores her- maphroditi, spicati v. capitati, singuli bracteati. Calyx 4-phyllus, foliolis subzequalibus. Corolla tubulosa, 4-loba, scariosa, persistens, interdum fructu adnata. Stamina 4, exserta v. inclusa; fila- menta flaccida; anthere cordate. Ovarium 9—4-loculare, loculis 1-8-ovulatis. Stylus simplex. Capsula membranacea, ad basin cirecumseisse dehiscens, pyxidata, dissepimento demum libero, facie- bus seminifero. Semina hilo ventrali in capsulis oo-spermis parva, angulosa, in 2-spermis cymbi- formia, testá mucilaginoso-pallidá, olivaceá v. fuscá.— Herb: acaules v. caulescentes rarissime suffru- tescentes, glabro v. pubescentes aut lanate; foliis in acaulibus confertis rosulatis, in caulescentibus alternis v. oppositis, integris v. dentatis aut pinnatifido-incisis, nunc planis et nervosis, nunc semi- teretibus; pedunculis axillaribus; floribus dense spicatis, spicis cylindricis v. globosis.—Plantago, Coronopus, et Psyllium, Tournef. Inst. 127 et 128.

In Viti there is only the cosmopolitan P. major, Linn.; but in the Hawaiian Islands there are two remarkable endemic species, viz. 1, P. princeps, Cham. et Schlecht. (P. Queleniana, Gaud.), with var. B. laxi- folia, A. Gray, and y. hirtella, A. Gray; and 2, P. pachyphylla, A. Gray, with three varieties; a. Mavien- sis, A. Gray ; B. Hawaiensis, A. Gray; and y. Kavaiensis, A. Gray. . |

. l. P. major, Linn. Spec. 163; Dene.1.c.; foliis ovato-cordatis v. late ovatis v. ovato-oblongis integris v. s:epius irregulariter grosse et repando-dentatis 3-5-7-nerviis in petiolum canaliculatum in- ferne membranaceum attenuatis glabratis interdum crassiusculis sublucidis v. violaceo-tinctis ; pe- dunculis teretibus glabris v. puberulis ssepius erectis v. ascendentibus ; spicis cylindricis v. rarius ovatis; bracteis calyci subsqualibus subdeltoideis anguste marginatis ; foliolis calycis subzequalibus subobovatis v. ovato-rotundis, anticis carinatis glabris ; coroll: lobis ovatis obtusis fuscescentibus ; cap- sula conoidea sepius violaceo-tincta 2-loculari 2—10-sperma ; seminibus angulatis parvis olivaceis Engl. Bot. t. 1558.—Common on roadsides, in waste places, etc., probably introduced (Seemann! n. 362). Found in nearly every part of the tropical and temperate regions.

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER l, 1866.] 2c

194 FLORA VITIENSIS.

On»o LXXIII. PLUMBAGINEZ.

Represented in tropical Polynesia by Statice australis, Spr., from New Caledonia and the Isle of Pines, and the following genus.

I. Plumbago, Tournef. Inst. p. 140. t. 58; Linn. Gen. n. 213; Boissier in DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 693. Calyx insertione rectus, tubulosus, post anthesin spe conicus, inter 5 costas latas her- baceas totá longitudine v. superne stipitato-glandulosas ad basin usque hyalino-membranaceus, apice 5-dentatus. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo calycem superante, limbo rotato 5-partito. Stamina ( 5, hypogyna, filamenta basi subdilatatà carnosulá concaviusculà in discum lobatum sub ovario conni- ventia. Antherz lineares, basi 2-fide. Ovarium ovatum v. oblongum, stylo filiformi superatum. Stigmata 5, filiformia, latere interiori glandulis pluriseriatis dense obsita. Utriculus membranaceus, styli basi persistente mucronatus, imá basi teneriori irregulariter et circumscisse ruptus, dein a basi ad medium aut a parte medià jam fenestraté basin versus secus angulos valvatim fissus, valvis apice cohsrentibus. Semen ovatum v. oblongum.—Herbe perennes; floribus subsessilibus in spicas plus minus elongatas dispositis, singulo 3-bracteato, bracteis planis.— Plumbagidium, Spach, Veg. Phan. vol. x. pp. 336, 338. `

1. P. Zeylanica, Linn. Spec. vol. i. p. 215; Bois. l.c.; caulibus fruticosis subscandentibus angulato-striatis ramosissimis ; foliis ovatis oblongisve acutiusculis basi brevissime et abrupte in pe- tiolum amplexicaulem brevem sæpe basi minute auriculato-dilatatum attenuatis; floribus in spicas elongatas densiusculas dispositis, spicze rachide glandulosa; bracteis oblongis acuminatis calyce triplo brevioribus inferiori majori; calyce longe cylindrico post anthesin refracto apice vix constricto tota longitudine ad costas subsulcatas plurifariam glandulis longe stipitatis inzequalibus obsito inter eas - glabro v. minute glanduloso apice uncinatim et breviter 5-dentato ; corollze tubo calyce duplo longiori, limbi portionibus cuneato-retusis breviter mucronulatis ; utriculo elongato-oblongo utrinque attenuato superne 5-sulcato.— Common on roadsides and waste places, all over Viti (Seemann! n. 361). Also collected in Norfolk Island and the Hawaiian group. Widely diffused in tropical Australia, Asia, and Africa.

Onpo LXXIV. NYCTAGINESA.

I. Pisonia, Plum. Amer. vol. vii. t. 11; Choisy in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii.; sec. ii. p. 440. Bracteole 1-3, minutz, deciduz aut rarius persistentes. Perigonium minimum, campanulatum aut cylindricum, limbo breviter 5-dentato. Flores raro hermaphroditi, seepius abortu dioici. d: Perigo- nium campanulatum. Stamina 6-8, raro 8-10, exserta, inzequalia, basi vix coalita; antherz 2-locu- lares, loculis ovatis sejunctis. $9: Perigonium cylindricum. Staminum brevium sterilium rudimenta inclusa circa ovarium. Ovarium elongatum; stylus szpius lateralis, plus minus exsertus; stigma di- visum raro in acumina pauca, sepius in permulta, penicilli-fimbriatum. Fructus perigonio indurato circumdatus, nunc cylindrico-elongatus apice limbo patulo, nunc ovato-ellipticus apice clauso, nunc integer nunc costatus, nunc lzeves nunc serrato-glandulosus et viscosus, siccus aut subearnosus. Em- bryo rectus; radicula infera; cotyledones albumen involventes.— Arbores aut frutices, cortice ssepe - spongioso; foliis verticillatis, sparsis aut oppositis; floribus seepius roseis, cymoso-corymbosis, raro umbellatis.—Ca/pidia, Pet. Thou. Afr. Austr. 37. t. 10. Ceodes, Forst. Gen. Char. t. 71; Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1863, p. 244.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 195

Ceodes, though first made known by Forster in his Char. Gen. p. 71. t. 71, in the year 1776, having been discovered on the 12th of August, 1774, on the island of Tana, during Captain Cook’s second voyage has been entirely overlooked by Endlicher, Lindley, and even Choisy. I have already stated (‘ Bon- plandia, vol. x. p. 154, 1862), that I regard Ceodes wmbellifera, as Forster first (Char. Gen.) and C. umbellata as his son afterwards (* Prodromus’) called it, as a species of Pisonia, which I have named P. umbel- lifera. It will be seen from the description and plate in the Char. Gen. p. and t. 71, that the specimens at Forster’s disposal had only male flowers, and could therefore give but an imperfect generic character, which has not allowed botanists who had no access to the original specimens to guess even the position of Ceodes in the natural system. Fortunately, there is a good set of the original specimens at the British Museu m, and also a characteristic drawing of the whole plant made by G. Forster on the spot. These materials leave no doubt what Forster's genus, placed by him in the Linnean Class Polygamia, really is.

1. P. inermis, Forst. Prodr. p. 75. n. 397 (1786), non Jacq. Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 285; foliis omnibus oppositis ovatis v. oblongis obtusis vel acuminatis; perianthiis fructiferis spinulosis.—P. grandis, Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 117 (ined.). P. grandis, R. Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. p. 422 (1810). P. procera, Bertero, mss. in Guill. Zeph. Tait. p. 39 (1837) ; Deless. Icon. Select. vol. iii. t. 87. P. Brunoniana, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 43. n. 88 (1833); F. Bauer, Illust. Pl. Norf. t. 145. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, * Buatea," teste Guillemin.—Rather common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 363). Ranging from the Society Islands to the east coast of New Holland, and from the Sandwich Islands to Ceylon, viz. Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Forster! Bertero! Moerenhout ! Bidwill! Barclay !), Norfolk Island (Ferd. Bauer!), Tongan Islands (Harvey !), Sandwich Islands (Herb. Hook. !), Bow Islands, Dangerous Archipelago (Barclay !), Ceylon (Thwaites !), Prata Islands (Wilford !), tropical parts of eastern Australia (R. Brown! in Mus. Brit). -

The synonym demands some explanation. P. Brunoniana is undoubtedly identical with P. inermis, Forst. Prodr. p. 75. n. 397 (non Jacq.), collected in Tahiti. There are no specimens of Forster's plant at the British Museum, but there is a very good drawing of it by his own hand; and we have besides his manuscript notes, published by Guillemin in his ' Zephyrites Taitensis.’ Amongst Parkinson’s coloured drawings of Tahitian plants, preserved at the British Museum, there is an excellent figure of this plant under the name of P. grandis, a name which R. Brown has adopted for the New Holland species, with

which the Tahitian is perfectly identical. As Jacquin’s P. inermis is a mere synonym of P. mitis, Linn.* (P. nigricans, Swartz), there is no reason why Forster’s name, the oldest, should be set aside.

2, P. umbellifera, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 154 (1862) ; foliis inferioribus oppositis su- perioribus plerumque verticillatis, elliptico-oblongis v. óblongis acuminatis v. obtusis basi in petiolum angustatis, perianthiis fructiferis inermibus.— Ceodes umbellifera, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 71. t. 71 (1776). C. umbellata, Forst. Prodr. n. 569 (1786) ; Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 300. Pisonia ercelsa, Blume, Bijdr. p. 735 (1825) ; Choisy in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. ii. p. 441 (1849). P. macrocarpa, Presl, Symb. t. 56 (1833). P. Forsteriana, Endl. in Herb. Meyen, ex Schauer et Walp. Nova Acta Nat. Cur. vol. xix., Suppl. p. 403. t. 51 (1843). P. Sinclairi, Hook. f. Fl. New Zeal. vol. i. p. 209. t. 50 (1853). P. Mooreana, F. Mueller, Fragm. vol. i. p. 20 (1858-59). Nomen vernac. Javanicum, teste Blume, * Kitjauro,” Novo-Zelandicum, teste Hook. f., “ Parapara.”—Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 364). Also col- lected in Java (Horsfield! in Mus. Brit.! Teijsmann! Lobb! n. 29), Philippine Islands (Cuming ! n. 523), Timor (Spanoghe!), Tana (J. R. and G. Forster! W. Anderson! in Mus. Brit.), New

* P. mitis, of Linnzus, has hitherto been looked upon as a very doubtful species, the doubt being in- creased by Sir J. Smith adding, in the Linnean Herbarium, to some specimens of the Indian D of P. aculeata the name of P. mitis, though Linneus distinctly states his mitis to be unarmed. Some N = ES rections, which Linn:us himself made in a copy of his second edition of the ' nea p. 1 1, preserved at the Linnean Society, corrections adopted by Murray, make it clear den : repe » i Ke P quite identical with Jacquin’s P. inermis and Swartz’s P. Wr forrat Linneeus a "s m H cert X ds mitis * Jacq. Amer. 275," strikes out the »- H Poi Malabariea non spinosa, Amm. Herb. 952.. Kavu Kava Walli, Rheed. Mal. 7. p. 33. t. 17?" substitutes for "530 Fic finally adds, * Arbor alia ME ted sterilis, alia hermaphr. fertilis. Hence the sy ind. ES eg be :— P. mitis, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. p. 1511, excl. syn. omnib. P. oe i ie r. p. 60; Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 643; DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. p. 442... P. inermis, Jaeq. Amer. p. 2/9, non .

“ Habitat in India” “ Habitat in America,” and

196 FLORA VITIENSIS.

South Wales (Cunningham! F. Mueller! Macarthur! Harvey! Bidwill!), Norfolk Island (Cun- ningham !), Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Seemann! n. 2295, Beechey !) ; and Northern Island of New Zealand (Sinclair! Colenso! Bauer!). No locality is quoted for Meyen’s specimens; they were probably picked up in the Philippine Islands.

Choisy says that this species is easily distinguished from P. Brunoniana, Endl., by the leaves always being acute, not rounded at the base, which is certainly correct; but a much better distinction is, that in P. Brunoniana the fruit is covered with spines, and all the leaves are opposite, whilst in P. wmbellifera the fruit is without spines, and the upper leaves of the branches are generally in whorls. The specimens from Viti distributed by me under n. 364, and provisionally named P. viscida, on account of the viscid nature of their utriculus, must be referred here. What has been figured and described in Meyen’s plants (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. vol. xix., Suppl. p. 403. t. 51), under the name of P. Forsteriana, exactly represents the state of my specimens. Choisy erroneously referred P. Forsteriana to P. inermis. P. excelsa, Blume, from Java, is also a synonym. The same applies to P. macrocarpa, Presl, already referred to P. excelsa by Choisy, and P. Mooreana, F. Mueller. Nor does P. Sinclairi, Hook. f., from New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and New South Wales, of which a branch with hermaphrodite flowers is figured in the ‘ Flora of New Zealand, prove different; but in his ‘Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, Dr. Hooker confounds it with P. inermis.

II. Boerhaavia, Linn. Hort. Cliff. p. 17; Gen. ed. i. n. 22; Choisy in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. ii. p. 449. Bracteolz sepius decidue. Perigonium medio 2-partitum, parte inferiore cy- lindricá aut obconicá nigrá persistente, parte superiore infundibuliformi aut campanulatá coloratá decidua apice 5-lobatà. Stamina 1, 2, 3, aut rarius 4 (verosimiliter in typo 5 abortu deficientia) basi sub ovario nascentia, in annulum coalita, perigonium sepius paulo superantia; antherz minutz, rotundate, 2-loculares. Ovarium minimum, acutum, basi perigonii et staminum circumdatum, et in- clusum ; stylus stamina zequans; stigma obtusum. Fructus basi perigonii induratá seepius 5-cos- tatà circumdatus, cylindrico-obconicus, apice truncatus, rotundatus aut acutus, clausus. Semen uni- cum; embryo conduplicatus; albumen farinaceum.—Herbe annus aut ad radicem fruticantes, cau- libus glabris, rarius villosis aut glutinosis, scandentibus, diffusis aut repentibus; foliis oppositis, sepius petiolatis; floribus in glomerulis irregularibus dispositis, nunc pedunculos axillares singulos terminantibus, nunc in paniculas extensas diffusis, rarius umbellam regularem aut verticillos aut spicas efformantibus, minimis, indecoris, perigonio aut fructu ssepe viscoso-glutinoso.— Antanisophyl- lum, Vaill. Act. Par. 1792, p. 190.

This genus is represented in tropical Polynesia by the following species, and B. tetrandra, Forst., from the Society Islands. :

1. B. diffusa, Linn. Spec. p. 4; glabra aut raro pubescens; foliis integerrimis v. undulatis lan- ceolatis aut ovatis acutis aut obtusis utrinque viridibus; pedunculis aut ramulis floriferis gracillimis, junioribus solitariis apice capitulum gerentibus, demum expansis et luxuriose paniculatis; fructibus gracilibus acutis striatis subclavatis. Choisy, l. c.—B. procumbens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. i. p. 148; Wight, Icon. t. 874. B. diandra, Burm. Ind. t. 3. f. 2. B. erecta, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 209. t. 127; Forst. Prodr. n. 4. Rheede, Malab. vol. vii. p. 105. t. 56.—Common in cultivated places, etc., throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 365). Also collected in the Society and Hawaiian Islands. Diffused over Australia, the East Indies, and Eastern Africa.

On»o LXXV. AMARANTACEZE.

I. Amaranthus, Kunth, Fl. Berol. vol. ii. p. 144; Linn. Gen. n. 1063; Moquin in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. sect. ii. p. 255. Flores polygamo-monoici, 3-bracteati. Calyx 5- raro 3-sepalus; sepa- lis :equalibus erectis glabris. Stamina 5, raro 3, libera; filamenta subulata ; staminodia 0; antherz 2-loculares, oblong. ^ Ovarium 1-loculare, l-ovulatum. Stylus 0; stigmata 2-3, subulato-fili-

FLORA VITIENSIS, 197

formia, patula. Fructus (utriculus) ovatus, apice 2-3-rostris, transverse circumscissus, 1-spermus, calyce imperfecte involutus; pericarpio sepius membranaceo-capsulari. Semen verticale, lenticu- lari-reniforme, testa crustacea. Arillus 0. Albumen centrale, farinaceum. Embryo cyclicus, periphericus ; radicula infera—Herbee erecte v. diffuse, glabriuscule; foliis alternis, in petiolum decurrentibus, mucrone parvulo incurvo aut recto apiculatis; floribus minutis, purpurascentibus, fusco-rubris aut viridibus, in spicas paniculatas terminales aut glomerulos axillares digestis; bracteis carinatis, concavis, persistentibus.

A. Gangeticus, Linn. Spec. p. 1403. n. 5, was collected by Forster and Solander in Tahiti, where, according to Solander's mss., it is called * Tubomaitetoe" by the natives; but the specimens of these two botanists do not exist at the British Museum. Solander (Prim. Fl Ins. Pacif. p. 328) describes the flowers as triandrous, so that a confusion of this species with the now widely-diffused A. paniculatus is not likely to have taken place. .4. Blitum, Linn., was collected in Tikopia by Lesson, but I have not seen any specimens from that island.

]. A. paniculatus, Moquin in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. p. 257; annua; caule erecto obsolete sul- cato striatulo pubescente viridulo ; foliis petiolatis ovalibus aut ovato-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis acuminatis scabriusculis pallide viridibus interdum margine purpurascentibus ; paniculis valde ramo- sis ; spicis erectis aut patulis cylindricis acutiusculis, terminali mediocri rigidiuscula, lateralibus con- formibus approximatis; floribus subdensis rubro-viridibus aut sanguineis; calyce bracteis subbre- viore; utriculis calycem superantibus, apice 2-3-dentatis subrugosis.

Var. B. cruentus, Moquin, l.c.; spicis lateralibus patulo-nutantibus; floribus rubris.— 4. cru- entus, Linn. Spec. p. 1406. n. 17.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Driti.^—In Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 367). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Barclay !), and the East Indies, China, and North America.

Most probably an escaped weed from the gardens of the white settlers.

9. A. melancholicus, Moquin, l.c. p. 262; annua; caule erecto obsolete angulato-striato glabro viridi aut atropurpureo; foliis longe petiolatis ovato- aut oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis emargi- natis glabris, inferioribus superne hepatico-rufis inferne purpureis, summis viridibus, glomerulis petiolo multo brevioribus subpedunculatis subgeminatis subrotundis distinctis; floribus confertissimis viridibus aut atropurpureis; calyce bracteas subsquante; utriculis calycis longitudine apice 3-fidis leeviusculis. ;

Var. tricolor, Lam. Ill. t. 767. f. 1; Moquin, 1. c.; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis v. lanceolato-ova- tis, junioribus rubris apice luteis, adultis basi corollino-rubris medio violaceis apice viridibus, anti- quis viridibus basi violaceis.—A. tricolor, Linn. Spec. p. 1043. n. 3. A. bicolor, Nocca in Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 384. Glomeraria bicolor, Cav. in Herb. Matrit.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Driti damudamu.”—Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 366). Also collected in the Society Islands (Forster!) and Tana, New Hebrides (Anderson!). Common in India, China, and Japan.

This is one of the plants which, on account of its beautiful foliage, the Polynesians love to disseminate about their dwellings. Having been found in the early voyages of Captain Cook, both in Tahiti and Tana, it must be regarded as truly indigenous.

II. Euxolus, Rafin., Flor. Tell. 1838, p. 42. n. 556; Moquin in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. p. 272. Flores monoici, raro hermaphroditi, 3-bracteati. Calyx 3-(rarissime 5-)sepalus, sepalis zequalibus, erectis, glabris. Stamina 3, rarissime 5 aut 2, libera. Filamenta subulata. Staminodia 0. An- there 2-loculares, oblong. Ovarium 1-loculare, l-ovulatum. Stylus brevissimus. Stigmata 3, filiformia. Fructus (utriculus) ovatus, evalvis, seepius subcarnosus, l-spermus, calyce inferne plus minus involutus. Semen verticale, lenticulari-reniforme; testa crustacea. Arillus 0. Albumen centrale, farinaceum. Embryo annularis, periphericus; radicula descendente.—Herbe erect aut

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1867.] (o >

198 FLORA VITIENSIS.

diffusee, seepius glabriuscule ; folis alternis aut sparsis, in petiolum decurrentibus, mucrone minu- tissimo recto v. subincurvo apiculatis ; floribus in glomerulos axillares v. spicas axillares et terminales interdum paniculatas congestis; bracteis carinatis, concavis, persistentibus.— A/bersia, Kunth, Flor. Berol. vol. ii. 1838. p. 144. Amaranti sp. auct.

E. lineatus, Moq., has been cultivated in the Sandwich Islands by Gaudichaud and others.

l. E.caudatus, Moquin, l.c.; annua; caule erecto angulato striatulo glabro viridi; foliis longe petiolatis ovatis v. rhombeo-ovatis utrinque attenuatis obtusiusculis emarginatis glabris viridi- bus; spieis ascendentibus gracilibus obtusiusculis subflexuosis; floribus brevissime pedicellatis sub- densis viridibus; calyce bracteis fere triplo longiore; utriculis subglobosis apice acutiusculis valde rugosis.— Chenopodium caudatum, Jacq. Coll. vol. ii. p. 235, et Icon. Rar. t., 844. Amarantus ole- raceus, Lam. Dict. vol. i. p. 116, non Linn. A. gracilis, Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris. ed. i. p. 43. Albersia gracilis, Webb. et Berth. Phyt. Canar. vol. iii. p. 287.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, ** Driti” et “ Gasau ni vuaka."—4A common roadside weed throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 368). Also col- lected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander!), the Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook !), and Oahu, Hawaiian group (Barclay). Moquin-Tandon saw it also from New Caledonia (Labillardiére). It is com- mon in Australia, India, and tropical America; and I expect that, in determining the Tahitian col- lections, it has been confounded by several authors with the allied, perhaps identical, E. viridis.

III. Achyranthes, Linn, Gen. p. 113. n. 288; Moquin in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. p. 309. Flores hermaphroditi, 3-bracteati, Calyx 5-, raro 4-sepalus, sepalis subinzequalibus erectis, sepius gla- bris, demum induratis. Stamina 5, raro 4, basi in cupulam coalita, Filamenta angusta. Sta- minodia 5 interjecta, plana v. subfornicata, apice denticulata v. sublaciniata, raro integra, interdum dorso apicem versus in appendiculam erectam dentatam aut fimbriatam producta. Antherz 2-locu- lares, oblongiusculz. Ovarium 1-loculare, l-ovulatum. Stylus elongatulus. Stigma simplex, capi- tatum. Fructus (utrieulus) ovato-oblongus v. suborbicularis, evalvis, 1-spermus, calyce inclusus. Semen verticale, subeylindrico-oblongum aut sublenticulare; testa tenui, suberustacea. Arillus 0. Albumen pareum, centrale, farinaceum. Embryo annularis, periphericus, crassus; radicula ascen- dente.— Herbee v. suffrutices, erectze v. procumbentes raro scandentes, caule articulato aut subarti- culato, ramis oppositis subtrichotomis; foliis oppositis ; floribus patentibus, horizontalibus, glabris, subpaleaceis, in spicas angustas virgatas v. ovatas, rarius in capitula hemisphzerica dispositis ; bracteis subulatis, acutissimis, sepius glabris, inferiore persistente, lateralibus plerumque longioribus et spinescentibus, postice approximatis.

This genus is represented in tropical Polynesia by, 1, A. arborescens, R. Brown, from Norfolk Island (Bauer); 2, A. canescens, R. Brown, from Tahiti (Lépine) and Norfolk Island ; 8, A. splendens, Mart., from the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies !) ; 4, 4. velutina, Hook. et Arn., from Bow Island (Lay and Collie) and a Hawaiian Island (Nelson!) ; 5, A. argentea, Lam., var. virgata (A. virgata, Poir.), from the Tongan Islands (Lesson); 6, A. aspera, Linn.; 7, A, bidentata, Blume, from the Sandwich Islands; and 8, a recently described species, from the Hawaiian Islands, viz. A. (Achrysopsis) mutica, A. Gray. mss. in Mann, Enume- ration of Hawaiian Plants, p. 200; herbacea, hirsuta, demum glabrata, caule ramisque tetragonis; foliis oppositis euneato-obovatis obtusis integerrimis; spicis axillaribus terminalibusque subglobosis v. oblongis.— Hawaiian Islands (D. Nelson! collected in Capt. Cook's 2nd Voyage). Leaves, including petiole, 1 inch long, i of an inch broad, of a fleshy consistency. One of the bracts surrounding the flowers nearly as long as the sepals. Staminodia bifid, white.*

* Another recently described Amaranitacea was also collected by Nelson in Cook's 2nd Voyage, viz. Psilotrichwm Sandwichense (sp. nov.), Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Psilotum Sandwichense, A. Gray, in Mann, Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants, p. 200) ; frutieosum, erectum, canescenti-velutino-pubescens ; foliis oppositis ellipticis acutis in petiolum longiusculum decurrentibus; spiculis ovatis acutis axillaribus et terminalibus folio brevioribus; calyce bracteis villosis 3-plo longiore; sepalis :equalibus extus villosis.—

FLORA VITIENSIS, 199

l. A. aspera, Linn. Spec. p. 295. n. 3, exclud. a; Moq. l. c. p. 314; caule suffruticoso erecto striatulo pubescente subfusco-cinerascente; ramis patulis obsolete 4-gonis pubescentibus; foliis bre- viter petiolatis obovato-rotundis interdum subrhombeo-rotundis, basi abrupte attenuatis, obtusissimis brevissime acuminatis pubescentibus pallide viridibus; spicis longis tenuibus virgatis acutis sublaxi- floris; floribus nitidulis viridescentibus, bractearum lateralium arista limbum subzquante; calyce bracteis vix duplo longiore, sepalis obsolete 3-nerviis glabris.—Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, “ Arhowhai."— Common in waste and cultivated places in many parts of Viti (Seemann !). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Barclay !), Samoan (Sir E. Home !), Tongan (Barclay !), and Chesterfield group (Mus. Brit.!), and in New Caledonia and Isle of Pines (M‘Gilli- vray!). Common in India, China, and tropical Africa.

IV. Cyathula, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 101; Mog. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. p. 325. Flores : hermaphroditi, 3-bracteati, subternati; intermedius fertilis, laterales steriles demum in aristas unci- natas (glochides) mutati. Calyx 5-sepalus, sepalis subineequalibus erectis hispidis. Stamina 5, basi in cupulam connata. Filamenta subulato-linearia. Staminodia interjecta, plana, apice denti- culata v. laciniata, interdum subbifida, simplicia v. dorso in appendiculam erectam gracilem biligula- tamque producta. Antherz 2-loculares, rotundo-ovatz. Ovarium 1-loculare, l-ovulatum. Stylus elongatus, filiformis. Stigma capitatum. Fructus (utrieulus) oblongus, evalvis, 1-spermus, calyce inclusus. Semen verticale, oblongo-ovatum; testa subcrustacea. Albumen centrale, farinaceum. Embryo subannularis, periphericus; radiculà descendente.— Herb v. suffrutices erect: v. prostrat: ; foliis oppositis, raro fasciculatis; floribus terminalibus, demum subreflexis, in spicas angustas aut in capitula contracta digestis; bracteis carinatis, concavis, inferiore persistente, lateralibus interdum uncinatis—Desmocheta, Kunth in Humb. et Bonpl., Nov. Gen. et Spec. Am. vol. ii. p. 210, non DC. Syama, Jones in Asiatic Researches, vol. iv. p. 161?

1. C. prostrata, Blum. Bijdr. p. 549; Moq., l. c.; caule herbaceo prostrato v. ascendente an- gulato glabriuseulo; ramis subtetragonis pilosiusculis ; foliis brevissime petiolatis obovatis rhombeo- v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis pilosiusculo-pubescentibus, supra viridibus, subtus glaucis; spicis virgatis obtusiusculis gracilibus laxifloris; floribus haud nitidis albo-violaceis; sepalis 3-nerviis his- pidis, glochidibus 15-20 calycis longitudine flavescentibus.—Achyranthes prostrata, Linn. Spec. p. 296. Cyathula geniculata, Lour. Fl. Cochinch., l.c. p. 102. Desmocheta prostrata, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 1813, p. 102; Wight, Icon. t. 733. Pupalia prostrata, Mart. Beitr. Amarant., p. 113.

Var. debilis, Moq., l.c.; caulibus erectis; foliis minoribus; spicis gracillimis.— Achyranthes debilis, Poir. Dict. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 10. n. 27. Desmocheta micrantha, DC., l.c. n. 4.— Island of Gau (M'Gillivray !). Also collected in Nukahiva, Marquesas (Barclay !), Society Islands (Banks and Solander !), and Tana, New Hebrides (Barclay !). Common in the tropical parts of Asia and in the islands of Eastern Africa.

Gomphrena globosa, Linn., is cultivated in Viti, and almost naturalized in some parts; it was also col- lected in Tahiti (Lay and Collie!), Tonga (Barclay !), and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !). :

Charpentiera ovata and C. obovata, Gaud., (probably identical) are confined to the Hawaiian Islands, where they were gathered by Menzies and Barclay. |

ZErva sericea, Moq., has been collected in the Sandwich Islands by Gaudichaud.

Hawaiian Islands (D. Nelson! collected in Capt. Cook's 2nd Voyage). Leaves, including petiole, 1} inches long, $ of an inch broad. Spikes about 6 lines long. Staminodia none. Anthers 2-celled. The genus Psilotrichum will probably be merged in Ptilotus, which, however, has alternate leaves, whilst the former has opposite ones. :

2D2

200 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orpo LXXVI. MOLLUGINACEZE.

I. Mollugo, Linn. Gen. n. 139; Endl. Gen. n. 5186. Calyx 5-partitus, persistens, laciniis muticis herbaceis v. albo-marginatis, zestivatione imbricatis. Corolla 0. Stamina 3-5, rarissime 6-10, hypogyna, exteriora calycis laciniis alterna; filamenta brevia, subulata ; antherz 2-loculares, globose, minimz, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Discus hypogynus 0. Ovarium liberum, ovato-3- gonum, 3-loculare. Ovula cc, loculorum angulo centrali funiculis brevibus inserta, amphitropa. Stigmata 3, lineari-teretiuscula v. subeuneata. Capsula tenuiter membranacea, seminibus torosa, ro- tundato-3-gona, 3-sulca, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis, valvis medio septiferis, Semina oo, globu- losa, testa crustacea granulata v. costata, umbilico estrophiolato. Embryo annularis, albumen fa- rinaceum includens.—Herbe annuz, humiles, plerumque humifuse, dichotome ramos, in locis potissimum cultis obvize; foliis planis linearibus, lanceolatis v. obovato-spathulatis, integerrimis, ad nodos pseudo-verticilatis; stipulis obsoletis, fugacissimis; floribus per cymas axillares dichotomas racemiforme dispositis, v. in umbellulas ad nodos sessiles aut pedunculatas aggregatis.— Cerviana, Minuart. Monogr. p. 1. TricAlis, Haller, Hort. Gött., 26 part.

1, M.stricta, Linn. Spec. p. 131; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 391; caule erecto anguloso; foliis subquaternis lanceolatis, ramis paniculatis nutantibus.— M. triphylla, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 79, non Link.—Ovalau, in yam grounds (M'Gillivray ! Seemann! n. 230), Vanua Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.). Common in China and many parts of tropical Asia.

Orpo LXXVII. POLYGONACEZE.

This Order is represented in tropical Polynesia by, 1, Rumes giganteus, Ait., a native of the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae!), where, according to Menzies, it attains twenty feet in height; 2, Muhlenbeckia australis, Meisn. (Polygonum Forsteri, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 166; Coccoloba australis, Forst. Prodr. n. 176), of Norfolk Island (Bauer!); 3, Polygonum imberbe, Soland. in Forst. Prodr. v. 517, et Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacit. (ined.) p. 253 (P. Persicaria, Hook. et Arn. non Linn.), a native of Tahiti (Banks and Solander !), where it is vernaeularly named * Tamole" ; 4, P. attenuatum, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 420, of Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !) and New Caledonia (M'Gillivray !), and thence extending to Endeavour River and the North Coast of New Holland (Banks! R. Brown!); 5, P. Cochinchinense, Meisn. (Lagunea Cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch., found in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), Cochinchina (Loureiro! in Mus. Brit.), Java (Banks! Horsfield!), Port Jackson (R. Brown!), and S. China (Robertson! Fortune! Hance!), in my opinion perfectly distinct from the well-known garden annual, P. orientale, Linn.; and 6, P. glabrum, Willd.

I. Polygonum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed, i. n. 640; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 83. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx corollinus v. semiherbaceus, 5- rarissime 4—3-partitus, lobis subzequalibus inte- gerrimis 5-cunciatim imbricatis, omnibus conformibus planis vel exterioribus 2-3-carinatis concavis vel dorso alatis, patentibus vel conniventibus demum fructui adpressis parum auctis marcescentibus, Stamina 8, rarius 7—4, libera, imo calyci inserta, sepius cum squaimulis annuli perigyni (sæpe obso- Jetis) alternantia, calycis lobis alterna et, si iisdem plura adsunt, 2 vel 3 (seriei interioris) lobis interioribus et ovarii faciebus anteposita, filamentis subulatis persistentibus, antheris medio dorso affixis versatilibus ovalibus introrsis (vel seriei interioris extrorsis), polline sphzroideo. Ovarium liberum, compressum vel trigonum, ovulo basilari erecto. Styli 2 vel 3, liberi, filiformes v. plus

minus connati, plerumque decidui, basin relinquentes, seepe brevissimi v. subnulli. Stigmata capi-

=

FLORA VITIENSIS. 201

tata, rarius agariciformia, integra. Achzenium calyce sicco inclusum. (rarissime semi-exsertum), len- ticulare aut pyramidato-triquetrum, ssepius stylorum basi acuminatum, angulis obtusis acutisve apteris integerrimis, pericarpio tenui crustaceo. Semen sessile, achænio conforme; hilo basilari latiusculo; testá tenui membranaceá. Embryo lateralis, angulo albuminis cornei vel rarius farinosi accumbens vel semi-immersus, arcuatus; cotyledonibus foliaceis angustis; radiculá superá brevi.— Stirpes multiformes, herbacez v. perennes, raro suffruticosz, prostrate erecte vel volubiles; ecir- rhosze, caulibus sæpe nodosis v. fistulosis; ocreis membranaceis decoloribus vel rarius herbaceis cylindricis, ciliatis nudisve v. bipartitis v. demum lacero-multifidis, floralibus (bracteis) plerumque aphyllis; foliis herbaceis (raro subcoriaceis vel subcarnosis), sparsis (dispositione spirali 3 vel rarius 4), penninerviis, nonnunquam cordatis vel sagittatis, rarissime pinnatisectis, rarissime glaucis, ssepe glanduloso-punctatis quandoque maculatis; floribus axillaribus solitariis v. aggregatis v. racemosis spicatis capitatis paniculatisve, parvis, albis v. rubris; pedicellis articulatis plerumque fasciculatis. —Lagunea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 271. -Ampelygonum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838; Misc. 118. Echinocaulus, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. p. 85.

l. P. glabrum, Willd. Spec. vol. ii. p. 447; DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 114; glaberrimum ; ocreis longis infra medium foliigeris bracteisque eciliatis; foliis elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis attenuato- petiolatis glanduloso-puncticulatis etiam in margine nervoque glaberrimis; spicis geminatis v. pani- culatis anguste cylindricis; bracteis subimbricatis breve turbinatis oblique truncatis subacutis 2—4- floris; calyce eglanduloso fructifero ovato; staminibus 6 (raro 7-8) inclusis; stylo semi-bifido sub- exserto; achænio biconvexo (raro trigono) nitido.—In swampy places, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 370). Also collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae!: Barclay! Seemann!). Common in India, China (Hance !), Brazil, and the La Plata States, :

Ordo LXXVIII. LAURACEZE.

I. Cinnamomum, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. p. 62; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. pars i. p. 9. Flores hermaphroditi v. polygami, paniculati, nudi. Calyx infundibuliformis, 6-(v. passim 4- v. 8-)fidus, . subcorollinus, demum coriaceis ; lobis basi v. supra basin transverse rumpentibus et a tubo cupuliformi deciduis, rarius persistentibus. Stamina perfecta 9 (raro passim pauciora v. oo), exteriora 6 basi eglandulosa, interiora 3 extrorsa supra basin glandulis 2 stipitatis v. sessilibus munita. Anthere filamento tenui subzequilongz, ovate v. oblongz, superposite 4-locellate (interiores passim 2-loc.), locellis superioribus minoribus. Staminodia 3, ovata v. oblonga; stipite brevi nudo v. rarius 2-glan- dulifero. Stylus ovarium æquans, tenuis; stigmate obtuso v. discoideo interdum subtridentato. Bacca calycis basi cupuliformi incrassata truncato-6-fida v. integerrima suffulta.—A rbores v. frutices sempervirentes, fere omnes cortice foliisque aromaticis insignes; gemmis phyllogenis subnudis v. squamatis; foliis oppositis v. suboppositis v. passim alternis 3- v. 3-pli-(rarius 5-)nerviis; paniculis axillaribus, sæpius in corymbum terminalem congestis; ramis cymoso-3-co-floris; floribus mediocri- bus parvisve albis v. flavis, omnibus quidem 2-sexualibus et plerumque ex parte sterilibus iisque minoribus magisque globosis.— Cinnamomum, Camphora, et Cecidodaphne, Nees ab Esenb. Laur. pp. 19, 21, 87, 292, 102. Parthenoxylon, Blume, Mus. Lugd. Bat. vol. i. p. 916. Lauri et Persee sp. auct.

. 1. C. pedatinervium, (sp. nov.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr. l.c. p. 15. (Tab. XLVIII.) ; foliis op-

.

202 FLORA VITIENSIS.

positis alternisve chartaceo-coriaceis e basi rotundata v. emarginata in petiolum longum planum bre- viter producta ovatis obtusis 3- v. 5-nerviis, subtus v. utrinque subtiliter reticulatis ramulisque glabris nitidis; fl. ign.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Macou.”—Buke Levu, island of Kadavu and Voma Peak, Viti Levu, about 1500 feet above the sea (Seemann! n. 376); also on the island of Gau (Berwick !).

The bark of the Macou, as it is termed in the Bau dialect, “Mou” in that of Kadavu, and “ Maiu ” in that of Namosi, is a kind of Cassia Bark, which may prove of commercial importance, and is used by the Fijians for scenting cocoa-nut oil. The tree yielding it is about thirty feet high, four to five inches in diameter, and is met with above an elevation of 1500 feet, in dense virgin forests. I found it on Buke Levu, island of Kadavu, and on Voma peak, Viti Levu; and Mr. Pritchard received fine specimens from the island of Gau, where they had been collected by W. Berwick, a coloured man, residing there. The bark has a fine aromatic smell and flavour, a light-brown colour, is thicker than that of the cinnamon of commerce, and resembles some of the laurineous barks, such as the Sintoe and Culilawang, brought from the Moluccas. In Namosi it is used as a sudorific. Unfortunately, I did not see the tree in flower, and hence am unable to determine whether the “ buds” are equal to the best “ Cassia buds” of commerce. The

resemblance of the Fijian names to that of ** Massoy," given to a fine quality of Cassia bark, from New Guinea, deserves investigation.

ExpLanation OF Prats XLVIII., representing Cinnamomum pedatinervium.—Fig. 1, a branch of a young plant; 2, section of the wood in the stage when the bark is taken off by the natives.

II. Tetranthera, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. vol. i. p. 59. t. 113 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. pars i. p.177. Flores dioici (rarissime hermaphroditi ?), umbellati, involucrati. Calyx 6-fidus v. -partitus ; lobis petaloideis v. herbaceis equalibus v. rarius inzqualibus deciduis, interdum obsoletis, numero variantibus v. penitus 0. Fl. d: Stamina fertilia 9-12 v. rarius 15-30, fauci inserta ; filamenta conspicua, interiora 3-6 basi glandulis 2-1 sessilibus v. stipitatis predita; anthere omnes introrse, ovali- v. 4-angulo-oblongz, mutiez, 4-locellatz, locellis superpositis rectis v. obliquis, inferioribus sepe sublateralibus. Staminodia O v. raro obsoleta. Pistilli rudimentum in fl. d plerumque 0. Fl. 2: Stamina liguleformia, glandulis przdita. Stylus filiformis, stigmate dilatato sublobato. Bacca calycis basi patelleformi integerrime v. raro sublobate plane v. parum concave v. apice pedicelli plus minus incrassati imposita, nuda.—Arbores et frutices ; foliis sparsis v. rarius oppositis, penninerviis, indivisis, perennibus v. rarius deciduis ; gemmis incompletis v. raro foliaceo-squamatis : umbellis 4-co-floris, involucro 4-6-phyllo (ante expansionem globoso) cinctis v. inclusis, pedunculatis, e gemma axillari plerumque obsoleta ortis, solitariis v. fasciculatis v. in pedunculo communi (se. ramulo aphyllo) brevissimo v. elongato corymbosis v. racemosis.—Litsea, Lam. Dict. vol. iii. p. 574, non Juss. Tomex, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 190. Sebifera et Hexanthus, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. ii. pp. 241 et 788. Glabraria, Linn. Mant. p. 156. Fiwa, Gmel. Syst. p. 745. -

Prof. Asa Gray writes to me (Jan. 15, 1866) :—“ The botanists of our United States Exploring Ex- pedition collected the following new species, viz. 1, 7: eleocarpa, A. Gray ; 2, T. enneadenia, A. Gray, and the foliage of an allied species, viz. 3, T. ( Cylicodaphne 1?) Pickeringii, A. Gray, your n. 378; 4, T. Richii, A. Gray; and 5, T. Seemanni, Meisn., var. chartacea ; also considerable undeterminable foliage, two species are seemingly of the Oreodaphne tribe.” I regret that descriptions of these new species have as yet not been published. I also collected the foliage of a Laurinea, which may belong to this genus, and be de- scribed as follows :—Laurinea, n. 377 ; glaberrima; foliis alternis ovatis longe acuminatis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis 3-plinerviis, utrinque subconcoloribus, chartaceo-coriaceis.

l. T. palmatinervia, (sp. nov.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr., l.c. (Tab. LL); foliis chartaceo-coria- ceis e basi rotundata orbiculari-ovatis obtusis pseudo-3-5-nerviis subtiliter v. obsolete laxe venosis, supra ramulisque glabris, subtus minute puberulis; umbellis subsolitariis parvulis glabriusculis.— Voma Peak, about 3000 feet above the sea; Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 375).

Leaves 13-2 inches long, 1-12 inch broad. Calyx 6-partite. Stamens 9 or12? Fem. fl. unknown.

EXPLANATION OF PraTE LI, representing Tetranthera palmatinervia, Meisn.—Fig. 1, flower-bud; 2, open male flower; 3, stamen; 4, one of the stamens :—all magnified,

.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 203

2, T. Seemanni, (sp. nov.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr., l.c. p. 192 (Tab. XLIX.); glabra; foliis rigide coriaceis passim subtriplinerviis e basi acuta v. obtusiuscula ovalibus oblongisve obtusis minute reticulatis v. supra eveniis, subtus glaucis; umbellis solitariis breve pédunculatis.— Voma peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 374).

A tree 18-20 feet high. Leaves not so green as they are made in our Plate by mistake of the colourist, but glaucous below. Anthers on long filaments, in which this species differs materially from the allied 7. Vitiana, Meisn.

EXPLANATION or Puare XLIX., representing Zetranthera Seemanni, Meisn.—Fig. 1, umbel before the opening of involucre; 2, an umbel expanded; 3, a flower-bud ; 4, flower open; 5 and 6, stamens; 7, ovary :—all magnified.

3. T. Vitiana, (sp. nov.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr. l. c. p. 514 (Tab. L.) ; glabra; foliis coriaceis immerse penninerviis e basi acuta elliptico-oblongis breviter obtuseque acuminatis concoloribus opacis, supra eveniis, subtus dense v. obsolete immerso-reticulatis ; umbellis fasciculatis.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, “ Lidi."—Port Kinnaird, Ovalau (Storck! n. 903).

* Flowers greenish-yellow; flowering-season in December.”—Storck.

ExPLANATION OF Prats L., representing Zetranthera Vitiana, Meisn.—Fig. 1, umbel; 2, the same in bud; 3, flower-bud ; 4, expanded flower; 5, stamens :—all magnified.

4. T. (Cyclicodaphne ?) Pickeringii, (sp. nov.) A. Gray in litt. ad auct. sine descript.; ar- borea, ramulis rufo-villosiusculis demum glabratis; foliis longiuscule petiolatis chartaceo-coriaceis, ovatis obtusis acuminatis triplinerviis, supra glabris, subtus albidis et ad axillas venarum rufo- villosis; eztera mihi ignota.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Siqa” v. “ Siga."—Somosomo, island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 378). Also collected in Viti by U. S. Expl. Exped.

Petioles 1 inch long. Blade of leaf 44-5 inches long, 2-3 inches broad.

III. Cassytha, Linn. Gen. n. 505; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. pars i. p. 252. Flores her- maphroditi (rarissime abortu dioici?). Calyx urceolatus v. junior rotatus, 6-fidus, totus persistens ; lobis exterioribus minoribus sepe nanis; tubo demum subgloboso carnoso. Stamina fertilia 9, 3- seriata, fauci inserta, uniformia, filamento brevi lato, anthera ovata 2-loculari, exteriora 6 introrsa basi eglandulosa, interiora 3 minora extrorsa basi e glandulis geminis sessilibus filamento adnatis ; stigmata cum staminodiis 3 triangularibus v. glanduleformibus stipitatis v. rarius sessilibus alternantia. Ovarium calycis tubo inclusum, liberum, stylo brevi, stigmate parvo depresso. Caryopsis subcar- nosa, inclusa; calycis tubo carnoso apice constricto pervio v. lobis erecto-conniventibus coronato. —Herbe parasitic, aphylle, Cuscute similes. Caulis teres, ramosus, haustoriis seriatis papillz- v. patellzeformibus ; foliis abortivis nanis squameformibus ; floribus glomeratis v. capitatis v. spicatis, rarius fasciculatis v. racemosis, interdum paniculatis, singulis 3-bracteatis parvis.— Volutilla, Forsk. JEgypt. p. 84. Calodium, Lour. Cochinch. vol. i. p. 302.

1. C. filiformis, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 35; Meisn. l.c.; glabra, caule tenui; pedunculis solitariis bractea minuta obtusa fultis; spicis gracilibus laxis v. interruptis; calycis lobis obtusis, in- terioribus ovatis, exterioribus bracteolisque rotundatis dimidio brevioribus ciliolatis.— Cuscuta Rhom- but, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. t. 184. f.4. Acatsia Valli, Rheede, Mal. vol. vii. t. 44.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Williams, “ Wa lukumai lagi."—Common on trees all over Viti (Seemann! n. 373; Williams!). Also collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay!), Tahiti (Herb. Mus. Brit.!), and Christmas Island (Herb. Mus. Brit.!). Common in S. China, India, and the Indian Archi-

pelago. - Orno LXXIX. HERNANDIACEZE.

This small Natural Order is represented in Polynesia by three species, viz. Hernandiopsis Vieillardi,

*

204. FLORA VITIENSIS.

Meisn. (Hernandia ovigera, Vieill.), from New Caledonia (Vieillard! n. 1089), Hernandia Moérenhoutiana, Guill., from Tahiti (Moerenhout!), and the Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home! in Herb. Mus. Brit., Mathews !), and H. peltata, Meisn., from Tahiti, Wallis Island, and Viti.

I. Hernandia, Plum. Gen. p. 6. t. 40; Linn, Gen. ed. i. p. 974. n. 925 ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 262. Flores monoici, in involucro foliaceo 4-phyllo terni, intermedio femineo sessili in- volucello urceolari repando-truncato persistente calyculato 4-mero, lateralibus masculis pedicellatis 3- rarissime 4-meris haud involucellatis. Calyx herbaceus, tubo brevi angusto, in 9 articulo, parte superiore decidua ; limbo (in alabastro subgloboso) in masc. 6-8- in fem. 8-partito regulari ; lobis bi- seriatis l-nerviis utrinque puberulis zestivatione valvatis, interioribus paullo angustioribus et tenui- oribus. Fl. g: Stamina 3 v. 4, calycis fauci inserta, lobis exterioribus anteposita iisque breviora erecto-conniventia; filamenta brevia, ima basi 1-adelpha, singula basi glandulis 2 collateralibus sub- sessilibus carnosis subglobosis glabris v. 1 2-loba v. indivisa filamenti basi v. margini adnatis v. liberis stipata ; antherz ovales, didymz (magnze), muticze, connectivo latiusculo adnate, erectz, antice turgidz, 2-loculares, pariete demum tota rima longitudinali a connectivo soluta et valvul instar ex- trorsum revoluta decidua et connectivum nudum relinquente. Pistilli rudimentum 0. Fl. 9: Glandule faucis 4, indivisze v. 2-lobe, lobis exterioribus anteposite. Ovarium calycis tubo inclusum, liberum, sessile, 1-loculare, ovulo 1 ex apice loculi pendulo anatropo. Stylus terminalis, filiformis, calycem xquans, deciduus; stigmate carnoso, dilatato, irregulariter 2-4-crenato v. lobato. Drupa sicca (magna) ovata, 8-sulcata v. levis, calycis tubo vesiezeformi apice truncato pervio inclusa, libera, spongiosa, l-sperma. Semen inversum, subglobosum, raphe annulari, testa crustacea. Albumen 0. Embryo orthotropus; cotyledones magne, carnosæ, lobate, torulose; radicula brevis, supera.— Arbores, trunco ramisque torulosis ; foliis exstipulatis sparsis petiolatis ovatis v. peltatis integerrimis coriaceis, nervis palmatis v. pinnatis; pedunculis axillaribus v. terminalibus cymam compositam corymbiformem ad ramificationes bracteatam gerentibus.

In the female flowers of H. peltata the calyx becomes thick and fleshy when the fruit approaches ma- turity, not membranaceous, as Meisner describes it.

l. H. peltata, Meisn. in DC. l. c. (Tab. nostr. LII.) ; foliis peltatis late ovatis breve acuminatis palminerviis coriaceis glabris, summis passim in petiolum subattenuatis ; corymbis longe pedunculatis cano-tomentellis ; involucri foliolis obovato-oblongis, glandulis filamenti basi adnatis ; drupa subses- sili ovoidea 8-costata.—H. Sonora, Forst. Prodr. n. 340, non Linn. H. ovigera, Soland. Prim. Fl. ` Ius. Pacif. et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants, t. 93 (ined.)—Nomen vernac. Tahit., teste Solander, “ Tunina,” Vitiense, “ Yevuyevu” v. “ Uviuvi.’—Abundant near the seacoast of Viti Levu, Vanna Levu, and Taviuni (Barclay! Seemann! n. 372). Also collected in the Society Isiands (Banks and Solander!), Frankland Isles (M‘Gillivray !), and Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !). Common in the Indian Archipelago.

Ex»rawaTION OF Prate LII, representing Hernandia peltata, Meisn.—Fig. 1, bud of male flower; 2, male flower; 3, stamen; 4, bud of female flower; 5, female flower; 6, ripe fruit; 7, drupe :—all, with exception of Figs. 6 and 7 (copied from Parkinson’s drawings at the British Museum), magnified.

Orvo LXXX. MYRISTICACEJE,

I. Myristica, Linn. Gen. ed. 1742, p. 524; Alph. De Cand. in DC. Prod. vol. xiv. p.189. Flores dioici. Perigonium 3-lobum, nunc in eadem planta 2—4-lobum, lobis estivatione valvari. Stamina 3-18, sepius 6-12, 1-adelpha ; filamentis nempe in stipitem glabrum connatis; antheris (ubi 3) cum

FLORA VITIENSIS, 905

lobis perigonii alternantibus, linearibus v. ovalibus, 2-locularibus, longitudinaliter extrorsum dehis- centibus, circa aut super apicem stipitis dorso v. basi adnatis, seepius connatis, nunc a medio v. a basi. liberis; connectivis perspicuis, seepe in dentem brevissimum cuique anthere proprium v. omnibus communem desinentibus. Pollen sphericum aut spherico-3-gonum. Ovarium superum; stigmate : subsessili, vix 2-lobo v. depresso-capitato. Ovarium a basi ovarii 1, anatropum. Fructus carnosus, tarde valvis 2, rarissime 4 dehiscens. Semen sessile, arillodio basi cupuliformi, a medio ssepius lobato et quasi lacerato, rubro v. aurantiaco, carnoso v. tenui, sepe suaveolente involutum; testo

strato externo membranaceo v. carnosulo, interno duro; raphe lineari, externe perspicua, a basi

seminis ultra apicem extensa, chalaza inde non solum supera, sed paulo laterali tumida; endopleura

tenui, plicis interne aucta, exsiccatione a plicis segregata; albumine ruminato, plicis nempe ex endo-

pleura sese insinuantibus. Embryo minimus prope hilum; cotyledonibus divergentibus, ovatis,

planis v. undulatis; radicula brevi, infera, conica.— Arbores, rarius frutices, sepe aromatics, succo

acrido sepe rubicundo scatentes; novellis et inflorescentia plerumque stellato-tomentosis; foliis

alternis, distichis, integerrimis, sepe pellucido-puncticulatis, penninerviis, vernatione conduplicata,

limbo nempe secus nervum centralem longitudinaliter involuto v. plicato, nervis lateralibus patentibus

plerumque validis prope marginem arcuatis et szepe connexis, numero in quaque specie constante.

Stipule 0. Racemi v. paniculz axillares, interdum supra-axillares; floribus plerumque pedicellatis,

parvis, externe stellato-tomentosis ; albumen szepe sebaceum v. oleosum.

M. hypargea, A. Gray (from Samoa and Tonga), is the only other species besides the following as yet met with in tropical Polynesia.

1. M. castanezefolia, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, vol. i. p.32; foliis oblongis seu oblongo-lanceolatis sensim acutis basi rotundatis glabris subtus albidis, nervis later. utrinque 20-30; floribus axillaribus, d amentaceo-spicatis pedunculo incrassato sæpius furcato deflexo petiolo subbreviore, bracteis sub flore floribusque ferrugineo-pubescentibus, antheris 8-10; fructu oblongo obtuso subapiculato ferru- gineo-pubescente.—N omen vernac. Vitiense, “ Male."— Mountains of Ovalau, frequent (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Viti Levu, and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 6 et 866).

This species of Nutmeg is found in the larger islands, forming stout trees 60-80 feet high, but produ- eing a very inferior kind of timber, which rapidly decays on being exposed to the influence of the weather. Both its “mace” and “nut” prove good substitutes for those of the genuine Nutmeg (Myristica moschata, Linn.), and are used as such by the white settlers. They were turned to no account by the natives. The fruit is about the size of a pigeon's egg; the mace (arillus) is of a fine pink colour. The shape of the “nut” is too oblong to allow this kind ever to be passed off for the genuine and best sorts of the Indian Archi- pelago, though the other qualities of the Fijian produce would be no great obstacle to that being done,

2. M. grandifolia, Alph. De Cand. in DC. Prod. 1. c. p. 194; foliis magnis obovato-oblongis basi angustatis glabris subtus albidis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-5; fl. et fruct. ignotis.—M. ma- crophylla, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes, p. 33, non alior.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Male."— Ovalau, in mountain forests (U. S. Expl. Exped.). j 5

Orvo LXXXI. MONIMIACEJE.

* I have," says A. Gray in Seemann's ‘ Journal of Botany,’ 1866, p. 83, “ from the Fiji Islands, imperfect specimens of what I take may be a new genus of Monimiacee Atherospermea, with alternate entire leaves, and a sort of lignescent receptaele, achenioid ovaries, very hairy, and a perianth of 4 or 6 broad lobes; but we can make nothing of it, unless Dr. Seemann should have some materials." :

Forster collected in New Caledonia specimens, without flower or fruit, of a plant which in habit and foliage is very near Doryphora Sassafras, Endl., and to which he has not given a name. It may be described

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1867.] 2 E % :

206 : FLORA VITIENSIS.

as Doryphora (f) Austro-Caledonicus, Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; glaber; foliis oppositis lanceolatis obtusis (23 poll. long.), grosse et irregulariter serratis, serraturis mucronatis.

I. Hedycarya, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 64; Endl. Gen. n. 2018. Flores dioici. Fl. d: Perigo- nium plano-rotatum, 8-10-fidum. Stamina oo; filamenta 0; antherw in fundo perigonii sessiles, cordatz, 2-loculares, apice pilose, loculis appositis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Fl. 9: Peri- gonium maris. Ovaria oo, breviter stipitata, perigonii basi lanatz inserta, l-locularia. Ovu- lum 1, pendulum. Stigma sessile, obtusum. Drupz abortu pauce, stipitatæ v. sessiles, subverticillatz, perigonio immutato stipate, l-spermæ. Semen inversum. Embryo in axi albuminis dense car- nosi rectus ; cotyledonibus planis, ellipticis, radicula brevi supera.

]. H. dorstenioides, A. Gray in Seemann, Journ. of Botany, 1866, p. 83 ; foliis fere membra- naceis ovatis oblongisve plerumque integerrimis longius petiolatis; racemis terminalibus 5-7-floris ; receptaculo cum perigonio peltato disciformi margine subintegerrimo, maseulo glabro supra antheris innumeris dense vestito, connectivi apice dilatato truncato quam loculi angusti latiore; fructifero supra pubescente; drupis haud stipitatis.—Bua or Sandal-wood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.!). (Greffe!)

* The peculiarity of the species, mostly with larger and thinner, ovate-oblong leaves, sometimes toothed, a variety of which is found in Samoa, is in the flat, disk-shaped Dorstenia-like male (and I suppose also

female) receptacle, the lobed or ealyeine part of which is reduced to obscure crenatures, and in the trun- cated, dilated tip of the connective of the anther, resembling that of most 4nonacec."—.4. Gray.

On»o LXXXII. THYMELZEACEZE.

I. Wikstroemia, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 47; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 543. Flores her- maphroditi, 4-meri. Calyx coloratus, demum totus deciduus, tubo cylindrico v. infundibuliformi continuo, limbo 4-fido æquali, demum ssepius a tubo deciduo, fauce nuda. Squam:e perigynz 0, hypogynz 4 parvule, lineares, liberz v. inferne connate. Anther 8, in summo tubo 2-seriatz, subsessiles et incluse. Ovarium 1-loculare, ovulo pendulo anatropo. Stylus terminalis brevis v. subnullus, stigmate capitato. Bacca drupacea, interdum sicca, a calyce demum hine fisso tarde recedente, denudata. Semen inversum. Albumen 0? v. parcum. Embryo axilis.—Arbores v. frutices, foliis oppositis v. rarius sparsis herbaceis v. vix coriaceis venosis deciduis ; pedunculis termi- nalibus axillaribusque simplicibus v. rarius corymboso-ramosis apice co-floris; floribus sessilibus v. brevissime pedicellatis subcapitatis v. axi excrescente demum breviter spicatis v. racemosis.— Diplo- morpha, Meisn. in Regensb. Denkschr. vol. iii. p. 289. Daphnes sp. auct.

Though we know at present only one species of this genus from Viti, the widely-diffused litoral W. fætida, A. Gray, no less than nine are already recorded from various parts of Polynesia, the limits of several of which have recently been better defined by A. Gray (Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 302). These are— 1, W. rotundifolia, Decne. (Daphne rotundifolia, Linn.), from the Tongan Islands (D—Nelson!); 2, W. elongata, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.) ; 8, W. Sandwicensis, Meisn., from the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson! Macrae !) ; 4, W. Uva ursi, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian Islands my, n. 225, etc.) ; 5, W. buxifolia, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian Islands (D. Nelson! U. S. Expl. Exped.); 6, W. phyllireefolia, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson! Macrae! Barclay !), where it is found in two varieties, and, according to Barclay, is vernacularly termed ** Kaule,” four feet high, and has greenish flowers; 7, W. Australis, Endl., from Norfolk Island; 8, W. Cunninghami, Meisn., from Norfolk Island ; and 9, W. coriacea (sp. nov.), Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Daphne coriacea, Soland. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.), p.251; et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 45, from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!). * Frutex humane altitudine, ramosus. Rami adscendentes, stricti, glabri, leves, purpuras- centes. Folia opposita, petiolata, lanceolato-oblonga, elliptica, acuta, integerrima, glabra, levia, saturate viridia, compacta, subcoriacea, plana, raro triuncialia. Petioli breves, vix 3 lineas longi. Flores subum-

r

FLORA VITIENSIS. 207

bellati, circiter 10 in singula umbella, breviter pedunculati. Pedunculi terminales v. raro axillares e supremis axillis oppositis v. 3 lineares, villosi. Pedicelli subequales, breves, raro semiunciales et unciales. Calyx 0. Corolla infundibuliformis, subuncialis, flava. Religua omnino ut in Daphne capitata [ Wik- stremia fotida, A. Gray], cui valde similis, sed differt habitu, ramis strictis erectis, foliis crassioribus angustioribus, pedicellis longioribus, floribus majoribus altiusque coloratis. Obs.— Corolla et in hac et in Daphnide capitata, Sol., sub florescentia, subcoriacea, pilosiuscula, tandem membranacea, marcescens fun- dumque tubi sub fructu relinquens. Folia ramulique et hujus et Daphnidis capitate contusa et cum nucleo Butonice splendide, Sol. [Barringtonie speciose, Forst.) raspulis mixta, aquisque injecta, pisces inebriant ut aquis supernatent manuque capi possint." Sol. mss. Whilst the flowers of W. fietida are terminal and greenish-white, and the drupes ovoid, with a sharp point and red, the flowers of W. coriacea are axillary, yellow, and also larger than those of W. fwtida, and the drupe ovate, obtuse, and in colour like the * berries" of the Yew.

1. W. foetida, A. Gray in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 302; foliis herbaceis ovato-oblongis oblongisve sepius acutis glabris, venis primariis patentibus reti venularum copioso tenui vix validi- oribus; fasciculis capitulisve subsessilibus v. brevipedunculatis; rachi glabrata brevi; alabastris ramulisque novellis sericeo-puberulis; calycis (flavo-viridis) lobis ovatis oblongisve obtusis; drupa ovoidea (rubra).—W. Indica, C. A. Meyer in Bull. Act. St. Petersb. vol. iv. n. 4. Meisn. in DC. l.c. p. 543. W. Forsteri, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. p. 146. Daphne Indica, Linn. Spec. vol. i. p.511. Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. t. 15. D. fetida, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 223. Forst. Prodr. n. 168, et Icon. (ined.) t. 119. Capura purpurata, Linn. Mant. p. 225. ;

Widely diffused in tropieal Polynesia, New Holland, China, and the Indian Archipelago. There are, according to A. Gray, four varieties in Polynesia, viz. a. Tahitensis, (Daphne capitata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 251, et in Parkins. Drawing of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 44, Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 119,) from the Society Islands (Forster! Banks and Solander! Nelson! Barclay !), where it is named “ Aowhao,” “ Avau- o-aa,” or “ Ooao;” B. Samoensis, A. Gray, from the Navigator Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.); y. Oahuensis, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian group (Menzies! Macrae! Barclay!) ; and—

Var. Vitiensis, A. Gray in Seem. Journ. 1. c.; foliis membranaceis nunc firmioribus ovalibus utrinque obtusis v. obtusissimis ; floribus paucis glabellis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, *Sinu ma- tiavi."— Common on the sea-beach of Viti Levu and other islands (Seemann ! n. 384). Also found in New Caledonia (W. Anderson !). à

The bark of this seaside shrub, which is from 4—5 feet high, contains a readily available fibre which, like that of many other Thymeleacee, is used in Viti for cordage, fishing-nets, ete. ; the same is done, accord- ing to Mr. W. T. Pritchard, in the Samoan Islands, where the plant is termed “ Mati.” The Vitian name is “Sinu matiavi;" “Sinu” being a generic name applied to other Thymelea, and also to Excecaria Agallocha, Linn., whilst *matiavi" probably signifies “litoral” or “tidal” (* mati" being “ tide "), given in allusion to the habitat of the plant. The Vitian native physicians apply the root bark externally to sores, and give the leaves and bark of the stem and branches for eoughs. According to Solander, the branches and leaves of the Tahitian variety of W. fætida, bruised and mixed with the rasped seeds of Barringtonia speciosa, are used in the Society Islands to stupefy fish for the purpose of catching them when they come to the surface of the water. But I have not seen the plant used in Viti in that way.

II. Drymispermum, Reinw. Sylloge Nov. Plant. Ratisb. 1828, p. 15. t. 2. Calyx coloratus, hypocraterimorphus v. infundibuliformis, limbo 4—5-fido. Squame faucis 5, lobis alternæ v. saepius obsolete v. 0. Stamina 8-10, summo tubo inserta; filamentis tubo adnatis exsertis v. inclusis; an- theris ovalibus dorso connectivo crassiusculo adnatis. Ovarium sessile, basi disco cupuliformi cinc- tum, 2-loculare. Stylus terminalis, filiformis v. clavatus, stigmate capitato papilloso. Drupa ovoidea, nuda, 2-sperma. Semina exalbuminosa, testa crustacea. Cotyledones crassee.—Arbuscule v. frutices ; foliis oppositis v. subsparsis coriaceis; pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque solitariis ; floribus capitatis v. umbellatis albis odoratis involucro communi 2-<o-phyllo cinctis, genitalibus exsertis v. inclusis; drupis seepe coccineis.— PAaleria, Jack, Malay. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. i. p. 156. Leucosmia, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. ii. p. 231; Bot. Sulph. p. 179. t. 57.

Dais sp. auct. 2x2

208 FLORA VITIENSIS.

I have united Leucosmia and Drymispermum, because there does not seem any valid difference between them. The scales of the calyx throat vary much in position, being in one or two rows, and occasionally scattered ; and in some species, as for instance in my D. subcordatum, they are almost abortive. The number of stamens is in some species 8, in others 10, as is also that of the lobes of the calyx. The anthers of Leucosmia proper are not versatile. A. Gray has also shown that the length of the genitalia varies in the same species, as it does in many Zubiacee. In habit there is nothing whatever to distinguish the typical Leucosmia Burnettiana from Drymispermum. We have, therefore, no option but to adopt the suggestion of Asa Gray, and unite the two genera, leaving the task of remodelling the tribes of Thymeleacee to those who may monograph the whole Natural Order.

Secr. I.— Flores 5-meri.

1, D. Burnettianum, Seem. ; glaberrimum ; foliis breve petiolatis coriaceis ovatis v. ellipticis v. summis suborbicularibus breve acuminatis reticulato-venosis nitidis; capitulis breviter pedunculatis, solitariis v. subpaniculatis, involucro 2-bracteato, bracteis deciduis ; calyce (albo basique petioli pur- purascente) extus glabro, lobis oblongis obtusis concavis; squamis faucis parvis ovatis; ovario vil- loso; drupa compresso-globosa v. subdidyma (coccinea).—D. (2) Forsteri, Meisn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 605, ex parte. Dais disperma, Forst. Prodr. n. 192 ex parte. Dais disperma, Forst. Icon. (ined.) t. 136 !, non Herb. Leucosmia Burnettiana, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 179. t. 57.— Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, *Sinu dina” et * Sinu damu.”—A seaside shrub growing with Hibiscus tiliaceus and Colubrina Asiatica, and found on Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 383, Barclay !). Also collected in the Tongan (G. Bennett! Harvey!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The dark-green leaves and their shining surface, the white, (ultimately cream-coloured) and highly- scented flowers, and scarlet drupes as large as hazel-nuts, render this shrub, which is about 14 feet high, a desirable acquisition for our gardens. "The Vitians string the flowers upon a reed or cord, and make necklaces of them, which they call * sinu-codo," a term also applied to a chain. “ Sinu damu ” means the red Sinu, * Sinu dina" the genuine Sinu.

The synonymy of this plant has engaged the attention of both myself (Bonplandia, 1862, p. 154) and A. Gray (Journ. of Botany, 1865, p. 305). I pointed out that the drawing of Dais disperma made by Forster at Tonga Tabu, and preserved at the British Museum, exactly represented Bentham's Leucosmia — -"Burnettiana, a plant of which (in some copies of the * Botany of the Sulphur’) a plate is given. But on turning to Forster's * Prodromus,’ we find that that author must have combined with the species figured in his unpublished drawings another species, also from the Tongan Islands, with tetramerous flowers and ovate- lancet acuminate leaves. A. Gray justly suspected that this second species was the plant he has recently described as Leucosmia acuminata. But at the time he made his inquiries at the British Museum, the specimens of L. acuminata collected during Captain Cook's voyages had accidentally been placed in a wrong cover, and the questions addressed to Mr. Bennett could therefore not be so fully answered as could be wished. Since then fine specimens of L. acuminata, collected by D. Nelson in the Tongan Islands, have turned up, and they agree exactly with the single leaf and the leaf description of Forster’s, and they have also the tetramerous flowers introduced into Forster’s diagnosis. In my mind there is no doubt that Dais disperma of Forster's * Prodromus’ includes two very distinct species, —that the leaf in his her- barium belongs to Leucosmia acuminata, Gray, and the Drawing (t. 136) to L. Burnettiana, Benth. No stress can be laid upon the leaves being described as “ enerviis.’. When fresh the venation is scarcely

visible; but on drying, the veins become more prominent, and the blade might then, in some instances, be described almost as membranaceous.

2. D. pubiflorum, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis oblongisve sensim acutatis vel acu- minatis subcoriaceis; pedunculis axillaribus et fasciculatis e ramis vetustioribus defoliatis ; capitulis pauci-pluri-floris; floribus 5-meris 10-andris extus pubescentibus, lobis oblongis; squamis fauciali- bus parvis integris; antheris parvis brevi-oblongis ; drupa immatura ovato-fusiformi.— Leucosmia

pubiflora, A. Gray in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 306.—Kadavu (Seemann! n. 379; U.S. Expl. Exped. ! in Mus. Brit.). i:

Secr. II.— Flores 4-meri.

Ok D. lanceolatum, A. Gray in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 304; glaberrimum ; foliis bre- viter petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque subacutis supra nitidulis, venis venulisque teneribus; fasciculis

FLORA VITIENSIS. 209

terminalibus paucifloris; calyce infundibuliformi-tubuloso extus glabro, lobis ovato-acuminatis.— Mountains behind Macuata, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. ! in Mus. Brit.).

Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers “ white and fragrant,” 4-merous, a little more than an inch long.

4. D. acuminatum, Seem.; foliis ovato-lanceolatis seu ovato-oblongis sensim vel promisse acuminatis membranaceis; capitulis terminalibus axillaribusque oo-floris; floribus 4-meris 8-andris extus glabris, lobis oblongis; squamis faucialibus majuseulis tenuibus subincisis erosisve ; antheris oblongis.—Leucosmia acuminata, A. Gray in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 306. Dais disperma, Forst. Herb. nec Icon. Dais disperma, Forst. Prodr. n. 192, ex parte.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped. ! in Mus. Brit.). Also collected in the Tongan (D. Nelson! Forster !) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. D. subcordatum, (sp. nov. Seem. (Tab. LIII.); foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis v. cordatis; involucro foliolis cordatis acuminatis; capitulis axillaribus oo-floris, floribus 4-meris 8-andris extus glabris, lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis; ovario piloso ; stylo gracili filiformi, exserto, stigmate capitato.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Sinu matiavi" v. * Matiavi."— Rewa, Viti Levu, and Taviuni, in woods (Seemann ! n. 381 et 383).

A small tree or shrub. Leaves 7-8 inches long, 3-31 inches broad. Scales very small. Flowers sweet-scented.

ExPLANATION OF Prats LIII. representing D. subcordatum, Seem.—Fig. 1, entire flower; 2, the same laid open; 3, ovary; 4 and 5, sections of ovary :—all magnified.

6. D. montanum, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LIV.); foliis ovatis v. ovato-ovalibus acuminatis, basi rotundatis v. acutis; capitulis axillaribus terminalibusque co-floris; floribus 4-meris 8-andris extus glabris, lobis ovatis acutis; stylo clavato exserto; involucro foliolis ovatis obtusissimis pluri- mis imbricatis; ovario glabro.—Buke Levu, Island of Kadavu, about 2000 feet above the sea (Seemann ! n. 380).

A tree about 20 feet high. Leaves 23-3 inches long, 1-11 inch broad.

EXPLANATION OF PraTE LIV., representing D. montanum, Seem.—Fig. 1, a flower head; 2, flower bud; 3, entire flower; 4, the same, laid open; 5, stamen and faucial scale; 6 and 7, sections of ovary :— all magnified.

Orpo LXXXIII. SANTALACEZE.

This Natural Order is represented in tropical Polynesia by Santalum and Exocarpus, the latter genus including Æ. Gaudichaudii, Alph. de Cand. (E. cupressiformis, Hook. et Arn., non R. Br. ?), from the Sandwich Islands, and Æ. phyllanthoides, Endl., from Norfolk Island. There are no specimens or drawing of Forster's Xylophylla longifolia (E. longifolius, Endl.) at the British Museum, and no locality is given in Forster’s Prodromus for this plant; the uncertainty lingering about his species I have it, therefore, not iu my power to clear up. Can it be a species of Pseudopanax from New Zealand ?

I. Santalum, Linn. Gen. ed. ii. n. 383 (non Herb.) ; De Cand. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 681. Peri- gonium campanulatum, 4- rarius 5-fidum ; lobis ovatis triangularibusve, basi interne fasciculo pilorum ad antheras tendentium donatis; sinu uno axim spectante. Stamina 4, rarius 5, lobis opposita ; filamento ligulato vel filiformi; antherá ovoided, 2-loculari, loculis profunde 2-locellatis longitudi- naliter rimá unica dehiscentibus. Pollen subglobosum. Discus concavus, fundo perigonii adherens, lobis cum lobis perigonii alternantibus. Ovarium initio liberum, per anthesin semi-inferum, deinde inferum, l-loeulare, Stylus conicus vel cylindricus. Stigmata 2-3-4, ubi numero loborum peri- gonii iis alterna, ubi 2 sinubus duobus opposita. Placenta centralis, ovoideo-acuta, basi ovula pendentia numero stigmatum iisque supposita anatropa gerens. Drupa globosa vel obovoidea, cicatrice ex lobis perigonii truncato-delapsis coronata, putamine ligneo punctis rimisque plus minus ruminato. Semen inversum, endospermio carnoso, embryone cylindraceo-fusiformi, radiculé superá

210 FLORA VITIENSIS.

cotyledonibus multo longiore.—Arbores fruticesve, foliis oppositis, raro in eádem plantd oppositis et alternis, aut rarius omnibus alternis, integris, planis, nervis lateralibus ssepius rectis obliquis parvis; cymis ubi folia opposita terminalibus et axillaribus pedunculis Oppositis v. rarius alternis, ubi folia alterna lateralibus pedunculis alternis; bracteis bracteolisque caducis.—Fusanus, Linn. Syst. vol. xiii. p. 765, ex cit. Endl. Mida, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. i. p. 376.

Santalum, the type of the Natural Order Santalacec, is composed of about twenty species, spread over Asia, Australia, and Polynesia, and which may be best compared in aspect with Myrtles. Indeed, the Fiji islanders class their species with the Myrtacee, and give them the same generic name. And they are not far wrong. Both have opposite leaves, furnished with oily glands, flowers similarly arranged, and an inferior ovary. But the genus Santalum, unlike Myrtaceae, has no petals, only a tetramerous, seldom pentamerous ealyx, whieh in most species is white, but gradually changes to pink, and ultimately becomes brown. Hence some authors have described them as bearing differently coloured flowers. The fruit of some New Holland species is eaten by the natives.

In tropical Polynesia the genus is represented by—1, S. Freycinetianum, Gaud., from Oahu, Hawaiian Islands (Barclay !) ; 2, paniculatum, Hook. et Arn. (S. Freycinetianum, var., A. Gray), from Hawaii (Maerae !) and Oahu (Macrae!) ; 3, S. ellipticum, Gaud., from Oahu (Macrae!) ; 4, S. pyrularium, A. Gray, from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.) ; 5, S. insulare, Bert., from the Marquesas and Tahiti; 6, S. Home: (sp. nov.), Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Arboreum, ramulis novellis compressis petiolis paniculisque glaucis ; foliis oppositis obovatis v. ovatis, obtusis v. acutis, in petiolum angustatis, supra lucidis, subtus opacis, venis prominulis; eymis paniculatis axillaribus terminalibusque petiolo duplo longioribus; floribus 4-meris, perigonio campanulato lobis ovatis obtusis, disci lobis oblongis obtusis; stylo elongato; drupa ignota.—Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (Sir E. Home !, collected in 1852; M‘Gillivray !, collected in 1860). Aneitum and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !). Petioles 6-7 lines long, blade of leaf 2-3 inches long, 1-13 inch broad.—7, S. Yasi (sp. nov.), Seem., from Viti; and perhaps one or two new species from New Caledonia, gathered by the French collectors, but not yet described.

The most easterly species of the genus is Santalum insulare, found in the Marquesas Islands and Tahiti, where it is known as “ Eai ;"* the southernmost in New Zealand (S. Cunninghamit), known there as “ Mairi ;” the northernmost in the Sandwich Islands; and the most westerly (S. album) in the Indian peninsula. All. the species delight-in dry, rocky localities, hovering about the eraters of extinct voleanoes and similar situations, and degenerating in quality, commercially speaking, when growing in moist places. The most barren islands in the South Sea are those yielding the finest sandal; and as in such islands provisions are scarce, and the natives much less hospitable than where food is abundant, we shall see in the sequel how disastrous this peculiarity has proved to the white race.

Several species produce sandal-wood. In old English works sandal-wood is sometimes called “ Sanders- wood," but our present form, “Sandal” (Arab. Sandal), is more correct; the Chinese term the wood collectively, * Tan-heong," i.e. scented tree. On the Malabar coast, Santalum album is termed ** Chandana cotta,” whilst the Polynesian species go by the generic name of * Ahi” (with various prefixes and affixes), which in Fijian becomes “ Yasi;" in Eromangan, “ Nassau,” and in Tana, “ N ebissi," and reminding one of Ayasru, the name Santalum album bears in Amboyna. |

l. S. Yasi, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LV.) ; arboreum, glabrum; foliis oppositis ovato-lanceolatis v. sublineari-lanceolatis attenuatis basi acutis; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque folio multoties brevioribus; floribus 5-meris (albis, demum roseis, deinque brunneis), perigonio lobis acutis, fauce perigonii pilosa, antheris ovatis, disci lobis subobovatis obtusis; stylo elongato; drupis subrotundis (nigris).— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Yasi.’—Bua or Sandal-wood Bay, Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 385; Sir E. Home!).

“ We know nothing of the Viti Islands botanically, except that they contain rich forests of sandal- wood." Thus wrote Endlicher in 1836, in his summary of the Flora of the South Sea Islands; and he might have added, that it was this knowledge, scanty though it was, which led to the present free inter- course between the savage Fijian and civilized nations.

. * Mentioned by S. Parkinson (Voy. to the South Seas, p. 50), under the name of “ E ahei,” as being used for scenting oil by the Tahitians in Captain Cook's days. c

f Mr. E. Deutsch, of the British Museum, a distinguished Oriental scholar, kindly forwarded the following reply to several questions which I put to him about the derivation, meaning, and nature of the

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 211

'The tràde in Sandal-wood, still important, has been going on since the dawn of history, and will probably not cease until the conneetion between sandal-trees and idolaters, existing from time immemorial, shall have been broken up by either the one or the other becoming as extinct a race as the Archzopteryx, the Moa, or the Dodo. ‘The religious sentiment of millions of human beings is still intimately associated with this wood. When the Hindoo or Buddhist beholds its smoke, incense-like, gently eurling heaven- wards, he feels that he has acted up to the religious duties expected from him, and that the perfume, smelling sweetly in the nostrils of his deity, “ will cover a multitude of sins,” of which he may have been guilty. History fails to record why sandal was chosen for offices so important, but we may easily fill up the blank. Mankind in its infancy attributed to the gods all the passions, weaknesses, and predilections common to men. Sandal-wood as a perfume was in bigh esteem throughout tropical Asia, and for people with so limited conceptions nothing was more natural than to suppose it acceptable to supreme beings having passions identical with those of the worshippers. Some of the most ancient records inform us of the prominent part played by the wood in India; and since the introduction of Buddhism into China, that country, itself destitute of the trees producing it, has become the principal market for this important production. The usual size preferred in the Celestial empire is of a diameter of four to six inches, and a length of three feet. A piece of these proportions (eight or twelve of which generally weighing one picul — 133 lbs.) is regarded as the most aeceptable offering a person ean make to the idols of the temples. Large pieces are presented by the rich to burn on particular occasions. On certain festivals, for instance the beginning of the New Year, small pieces are abundantly sold in the streets to the lower classes. This is the case especially in the northern provinces of the empire; in Canton and other coast districts the population is less superstitious, and consequently less inclined to invest in sandal-wood.* I visited a good many temples in Southern China, and never noticed whole pieces of the wood, but thousands of so-called * Joss-sticks ” (pastile-like preparations, made of the sawdust of sandal-wood and the dung of swine, stuck in pots of sand) burning slowly before the grave faces of the idols.

The perfume of the wood is owing to.an essential oil, chiefly situated in the heart of the tree and near the root, the outer parts of old trunks and young trees being almost entirely without scent ; hence the sandal cutters carefully remove the outer and generally lighter portion of the wood, which they term the “sap.” The oil is easily extracted, a pound of wood yielding about two drachms, and it is wonderfully strong and penetrating. Mixed with pure aleohol it forms the perfumer's * Extrait de bois de Santal," and in order to sweeten it for handkerchief use a slight addition of rose is required. It mixes well with soap. With charcoal and a little nitre it forms sandal pastiles for perfuming apartments; but these are indifferent in odour. Finally, from mixing favourably with otto of rose, it is often employed for adulte- rating that article. The seeds of the Santalum album also yield by expression an oil, but that is thick and viscid, only fit for burning, and employed in that way by the poorer classes in India.

The chief European reputation for sandal rests upon its being a most excellent wood for carving. In . the Indian collection of the Great Exhibition of 1862 there were an infinite variety of elaborately worked card-cases, work-boxes, trays for cards, walking-sticks, fly-flaps, and similar pieces of workmanship of it. The ancients seem to have been fully aware of this peculiarity, and the algum or almug trees which the fleets of Hiram and Solomon brought from Ophir, mentioned both in the first book of Kings (x. 11, 12) and the second of Chronicles (ix. 10, 11), never seen before that time in the land of Judah, and employed for making pillars and terraces for the temple and the king’s honse, and harps and psalteries for the singers,—are supposed to have been sandal-trees. A more recent use has been prominently brought before the Indian public by Dr. Hunter, who has shown how admirably it is adapted for wood-engravings. Some

various Asiatic names of the sandal-wood :—* Sandal is termed ‘ Chandana’ in Sanserit, and is the name of the tree as well as its wood and the perfumes prepared from it. * Chandana-chala ' js another name of the ‘Malaya Mountain,’ a part of the Southern Ghats, whence a great deal of sandal-wood is derived. The name does not imply fragrant wood or sweet wood.—The term ‘ Sandal’ is Arabic, and also used in Hindustani; but does not seem to have any meaning save that of sandal-wood. That the Biblical Algum or Almug means sandal-wood is a mere recent conjecture. The Talmud identifies it, perhaps on account of the colour, with corals. Celsius believes it to be a spurious red sandal-wood (Pterocarpus santalinus), while the LXX. translate it zeXergrá, zesxtva, and the Vulgate, Cina (Hyedar? African Arbor vite? or a kind of Pine?). David Kimchi, a commentator of the twelfth century, regards it as the Arabic ‘ Al- Baccam’ (almond-tree, Cesalpinia Sappan, Pterocarpus santalinus?). But this, too, is mere guess-work. The word is not of Hebrew or even of Semitic origin, but seems to have been handed over by the Arabs, who probably derived it from India. Almug, however,—remember al is the article,—somewhat recalls the Sanscrit terms, ‘Mocha,’ * Mochata,’ which also signify sandal-wood. You may, however, rest satis- fied that nothing certain is known about the foregoing terms. They seem as if dropped from the sky, and philologists would be obliged to any one who could throw some light on them.” * Œ. Bennett, in Loudon's ‘Magazine of Natural History,’ series i. vol. v. p. 255 (1832).

*

212 FLORA VITIENSIS.

blocks yielded upwards of 20,000 impressions without being worn out. The dark-coloured wood, five inches in diameter, grown on rocky soil, is the best for the engraver’s purpose. This has not been tried in England, as its price was thought to be.too high; but on comparing it with box-wood, which sells in England for one penny the square inch, it was found to be cheaper in India than box-wood in England.

Santalum album, and a marked variety of inferior quality, known as myrtifolium, grows on the moun- tains of continental India and the Indian Archipelago, Mysore, Malabar, and Canara being the principal districts. The tree is usually twenty-five feet high, and when allowed to attain a greater height its trunk is generally found rotten at the core. The natives have an idea that the trees ought to be felled in the wane of the moon,—an idea Europeans are wont to laugh at, though they might look a little more closely into the matter before doing so. I remember that in tropical America I often heard the wood-cutters declare it to be absolute folly to fell timber whilst the moon was on the increase, as it was sure to become rotten very soon, being then in full sap. The bark of the sandal-tree should be taken off immediately, and the trunks cut into billets two feet long. These should be buried in a piece of dry ground for two months, during which time the white ants will eat away all the outer wood, without touching the seart, constituting the sandal of commerce ; the billets ought then to be taken up and smoothed, and, ac- cording to their size, sorted into three kinds. The deeper the colour, the stronger is the perfume; and hence the merchants sometimes divide sandal into red, yellow, and white; but these are all various shades of the same colour, and do not arise from any different species in the tree. The nearer the root, in gene- ral, the stronger is the perfume ; and care should be taken, by removing the earth, to cut as low as possible, The billets next to the root, when this has been done, are commonly called root sandal. In smoothing the billets, chips of the sandal are, of course, cut off; so are also fragments in squaring their ends, both of which, with the smaller assortment of billets, answer best for the Arabian markets; and from them the essential oil is distilled, so much esteemed in Turkey. The larger billets are sent to China, and the middle-sized ones used in India. When thus sorted and prepared, the sandal, at least three or four months before it is sold, ought to be shut up from the rain and wind, in a close warehouse ; and the longer it is kept, with such precautions, the better, its weight diminishing more than its smell. Prepared in this a i rarely splits or warps—accidents which render it unfit for many of the purposes to which it is applied.

Until the middle of the last century sandal was exclusively obtained from the East Indies; but after Captain Cook and his successors had made Europeans familiar with the chief geographical features of the South Sea, enterprising traders went in search of the wood amongst the innumerable islands scattered over the broad Pacific like stars on the firmament. One of the first groups visited, chiefly by vessels from Manilla, was Viti. The sandal-wood of that group, confined to Bua Bay on Vanua Levu, and derived from Santalum Fasi, a middle-sized tree, with lanceolate leaves, white ultimately brown flowers, and a fruit resembling a black currant, had long been famous in those waters, and induced the Tongans to undertake regular trading voyages to the place where it grew, and even attempt to transplant the tree to Tonga, where, though it vegetated, the wood was found to be almost without scent. We are indebted to Mariner for an insight into this early intercourse.* He tells us of a Tongan chief who had been abroad for fourteen years, and originally set out on a sandal-wood expedition to Fiji. Before iron tools and implements came in use, the Tonguese paid in bark-cloth, the sting of a fish used for spears, sail-mats, plaits, and a rare orna- mental shell peculiar to Vavau. They passed on portions of the wood to the Samoans, who, in common with themselves and the Fijians, grated the sandal-wood on the mushroom coral (Fungia) and used it for perfuming the cocoa-nut oil, so extensively applied by Polynesians for greasing their naked bodies. The white traders who first ventured to Fiji seem to have proceeded with great caution, and never commenced transacting business until chiefs of rank had been placed on board as hostages. Notwithstanding, several collisions between natives and whites are recorded. So great was the demand for the wood in both the Chinese and -Polynesian markets that, about 1816, there was searcely enough left for home consumption. In 1840 the United States Exploring Expedition with difficulty obtained a few specimens for the her- barium, and to save the tree from utter extinction the Rev. Mr. Williams planted one in the gardens of the Bua mission station, which enabled me to describe it botanically. At present fancy prices are readily given by the Vitians for the little sandal-wood now and then turning up; and a log about six feet long, presented to me in 1860, and now in the Kew Museum, was thought a valuable gift by my native

attendants.T : About 1778 the attention of the commercial world was first drawn to the existence of sandal-wood in the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands; and a Captain Kendrick, of a Boston brig, is known to have been the first who left two men on Kauai to contract for several cargoes. The natives term it “Lau ala” (i.e. fra- grant wood) or Ilialii, and distinguish two different kinds—the Lau keokeo or white, and the Lau hulahula

* J. Martin, * Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands,’ pp. 319, 833. London, 1817.

T Seemann, ‘ Viti,’ p. 343. London, 1862. And in Correspondence relating to Fiji Islands, ordered by the House of Commons to be printed. a

FLORA VITIENSIS. 213

or red. Botanists have described four species of Santalum from this group (viz. S. Freycinetianum, paniculatum, ellipticum, and pyrularium), but S. ellipticum and paniculatum are held to be mere varieties of the first-named, so that two species only remain, agreeing with the native classification. They are spread over Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Kauai, where they occupy stony, well-drained places. Of the magnificent groves that formerly covered parts of the islands, only a few isolated specimens now remain, and these would long ago have been converted into fuel had not the law thrown its protecting shield over them. When in 1849 I visited Oahu I saw merely a few bushes, not exceeding three feet in height, at a place called Kuaohe ;* but towards the end of last century and the beginning of this, the infant kingdom of Hawaii, then under the able government of the first Kamehameha, exported vast quantities of the wood ; and without this profitable trade that king would probably not have succeeded in leading his people, in one generation, from extreme barbarism to nascent civilization. The sandal-wood was to these isiauders the start in life, without which few nations or individuals ever succeed in pushing their way in the world. From 1790-1820 numerous vessels called for sandal-wood, bringing all sorts of good things in exchange ; and about 1810 Kamehameha I. and his people began to accumulate considerable wealth. In one year near 400,000 dollars were realized. Kamehameha, hearing of the great profits derived from the sales in China, determined to send a ship of his own to Canton laden with the produce. Extravagant port charges and the misconduct of the English captain and native supercargo led to the commercial failure of this enterprise. The king found himself 3000 dollars out of pocket by it; nevertheless he had the satisfaction of seeing for the first time his flag displayed in a foreign port, whilst the charges for pilotage, anchorage, and custom dues suggested to him the idea of raising a revenue from the same sources, and thus per- manently benefit his dominions. Under the reign of his successor (Liholiho) the sandal-wood began to be exhausted, though in 1820 we still hear of 80,000 dollars’ worth of. the wood being paid for the barge of the ‘ Cleopatra, and in 1822 of a voyage to Kauai to collect the annual tribute of the wood in that island. But the produce became every day more difficult to procure, and could no longer be demanded in payment of taxes. True, quantities were now and then brought together, but they were insufficient to fill whole vessels as in times gone by. Nor did the discovery of a substitute, Myoporum Sandwichense, A. Gray (M. tenuifolium, Hook. et Arn., non Forst.), a tree from fifteen to twenty feet in height, with small leaves and white flowers, and a scented wood, revive the trade—the spurious sandal proving useful only for planes. A new chance, however, seemed to present itself, and of this both chiefs and people eagerly availed themselves. In November, 1829, a vessel arrived at the Sandwich Islands, from which it was learnt that in the South Pacific an island full of saudal-wood had been discovered. Its situation was confidentially communicated to Boki, the governor of Oahu, who, delighted with a chance of retrieving his ruined credit, accepted the proposal to fit out an expedition for taking permanent possession of it. Two men-of-war brigs, the ‘Kamehameha’ and the ‘ Becket,’ were selected for the pow and well provided with ammunition, arms, and stores for colonization. Nearly 500 people, including ten foreigners, em- barked ın these small vessels. All were going to make their fortune ; and so great was the general in- fatuation that, in spite of the earnest remonstrances of the foreign residents, the expedition started. It first touched at Rotuma, north of Fiji, where discontent, from the hardships of the voyage, began to show itself, and where a number of the aborigines were pressed into the service of the already overcrowded vessels. The destination now turned out to be the island of Eromanga, and the * Kamehameha,’ having completed her preparations, sailed ten days in advance of her consort; but she was never heard of again. The ‘ Becket’ reached Eromanga in safety, and remained for some weeks, committing outrages on the natives, which led to frequent hostilities, and completely frustrated the object of the expedition. The ‘Kamehameha’ not arriving, and a distemper breaking out, which carried off many of the company, including the commanding chief, the * Becket’ resolved to return home. A scene of horror now ensued which baffles description. Crowded with the sick, the dying, and the dead, the vessel, slowly making her way through the sultry regions of the tropies, became a floating charnel-house. The sufferings of the sur- vivors were aggravated by the want of water, food, and medicines. The course of the brig was tracked by corpses; and out of two hundred and twenty-six souls that comprised her company on leaving Rotuma, only twenty, eight of whom were white men, returned home. When, on the 3rd of August, 1830, she arrived at Oahu, weeping and wailing was heard night and day. The loss of so many active and fine men was felt as a national calamity, and formed a sad conclusion of the sandal-wood trade of the Sandwich Islands.t : Eromanga, after this time, was constantly visited by similar expeditions, got up by either Polynesians

t

* Seemann, ‘ Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 83. London, 1853.

+ J. J. Jarves, ‘History of the Hawaiian Islands,’ pp. 80, 102, 104, 118, 118, 144. Honolulu, 1847. lf my memory serves me right, I fancy that I have read about twenty years ago some information about the Hawaiian Sandal-wood trade in Jarves’ ‘Scenes and Scenery in the Sandwich Islands,’ a book I have not been able to consult in England.

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1867.] 2r

214 FLORA VITIENSIS.

or white men. It appears that the island had just been annoyed by a party of sandal-wood traders, who had killed several of the natives and robbed their plantations, when, on the 29th of November, 1839, the good ship ‘ Camden,’ with the missionaries Williams and Harris on board, hove in sight at Dillon Bay. The Eromangans, unable to guess the glad tidings about to be made known to them, thought it was that sandal-wood party returning to repeat the offences. That very day there was to have been a great festival on shore, and near the beach heaps of yams and taro had been piled up for that occasion. Fearing that portions of them might be carried off, the natives tried to prevent the landing of the strangers; but finding their signs misunderstood, and no heed taken of the absence of women and children, a party, headed by chief Kauiau, commenced the attack. Poor Harris was the first struck down; Williams ran into the sea, but before able to reach the boat he too was a dead man, and his body, like that of his unfortunate com- panion, cooked and eaten.* In 1859 the missionary Turner visited the scene of the massacre. The chief who headed the attack was still alive, and was even induced to go on board the ‘John Williams,’ when long and silently he gazed upon the portrait of the man whom his murderous hand had made the Martyr of Eromanga. During an interval of twenty years the sandal-traders had obtained a firm footing on this notorious island, the wood being still so plentiful that one firm employed about sixty men to cut it in the bush. But they found the Eromangans reluctant to work, and had to import labour from Lifu, Vate, and other islands. This reluctance may be explained by bearing in mind that all Polynesians work more willingly and better abroad than at home, and also because a belief had taken hold of the mind of the Eromangans that a dysentery, which in 1842 carried off a third of their number, was owing to some hatchets obtained from a sandal-wood vessel, inducing them to throw the implements away. Another inci- dent may have prompted them to keep aloof from contact with these traders. In 1843, two vessels under British colours, the * Sophia’ and the ‘ Sultana,’ and a third, said to have carried the flag of Tahiti, manned by sixty Tongans, commanded by chief Maafu, and under the supreme leadership. of a Mr. Henry, an Englishman, arrived at Eromanga for the purpose of forcibly cutting sandal-trees. The party, armed with muskets, landed, and eut and embarked a quantity of the wood. For the first few days the Eromangans were friendly, but at the end of that time, some of their number having stolen three axes, a disturbance took place, when one of the supposed thieves was shot by a Tongan. The fire was returned by arrows, and mortally wounded a Tonguese. In consequence of this affray, Henry and his party left Eromanga, and proceeded to Vate, where the men were again landed, armed as before, and directed to cut sandal- -wood, the whites prudently remaining on board. This robbery could not but lead to evil consequences. Before long there was a battle with the natives, who, having no muskets, had twenty-six killed, whilst none of the intruders were wounded. In a subsequent storming of a fort more natives were killed, and the remainder retreated to an island, where they took refuge in a cave. The sandal-wood party, not satisfied with their triumph, pursued them, and finding that firing produced no apparent effect, they piled combustible material before the mouth of the cave, and setting fire to it, smoked the poor natives like rats, until all were suffocated. History repeats itself, for the same horrible scene here enacted by lawless savages was copied two or three years later by an heroic French general in Algeria. The Vateans were not long in the strangers’ debt, the crews of two English vessels engaged in the sandal-wood trade, the ‘ Cape Packet’ and the ‘ British Sovereign,’ having been massacred by them a few years afterwards. The ‘Cape Packet’ was betrayed into their hands by a few discontented South Sea Islanders on board, whilst the ‘ British Sovereign’ had the misfortune to get wrecked, and its company, tormented by hunger and thirst, made for the shore, where all, with the exception of one Englishman and a boy, were clubbed and cooked. There seems to have been no provocation on the part of the strangers, and the sole cause for killing them appears to have been a desire for the bodies and clothes of the unfortunate men.t

But Eromanga and Vate are not the only spots notorious for quarrels between traders and natives of the soil Nearly every island of the South Pacifie where the much-coveted wood is found has become the theatre of bloodshed and murder. In most cases it is impossible to say who is to blame. The Christian inissionaries, alinost invariably taking the side of the natives, lay all the blame on the traders, whilst the traders attribute every quarrel to the undeniably ferocious disposition of the aborigines. Both sides of looking upon the subject came out in bold relief at Sydney during the trial of Captain Lewis, the superin- tendent of a sandal-wood establishment at the Isle of Pines, who was aceused of killing a native of Mare and wounding others. Mare first became known as a sandal-wood island in 1841, when a whole boat’s crew, supposed to have belonged to the * Martha,’ of Sydney, was massaered. About 1843 the islanders

* That veteran explorer, Dr. George Bennett, of Sydney, had amply warned poor Williams of the treacherous nature of the natives, and even lent him, during his visit to Sydney, a statement of the Eromanga affray, which appeared in the ‘ Asiatic Journal’ for 1832. (See Bennett’s Letter in Seemann's ‘Journal of Botany,’ 1864, p. 218.) : es

t Erskine, ‘The Islands of the Western Pacific,’ pp. 143, 144, 326. London, 1853. C eur

t The Sandal-wood of Mare may be identical with that of New Caledonia, lately described by Vieillard

> :

FLORA VITIENSIS. : f 215

attempted to capture the * Brigand,’ which, however, was frustrated by the prudence of the captain. An attack on the * Sisters’ unhappily proved successful, and since that time a number of white lives have been sacrificed in trading with Mare for sandal-wood. When H.M.S. ‘ Hayannah,’ Captain Erskine, visited the Loyalty group, it was learnt that Captain Lewis had shot a native who, with some others, attempted to board the * Will-o’-the-Wisp.’ The justification of his conduct given by Captain Lewis not being deemed sufficient, a complaint was lodged at Sydney, in consequence of which Lewis was arrested on an accidental visit to the place, and on the 7th July, 1851, brought to trial for murder. Though every effort was made by religious bigots to obtain a conviction, the jury found the prisoner not guilty. Captain Lewis then returned to his station, and one of the first acts of the natives was to capture his cutter and murder the whole of her crew.* :

Owing to the ferocious character of the Polynesian natives in whose islands the sandal-trees grow, and the diffieulty hitherto experienced in putting this trade upon a different footing than it is at present, the loss of. life resulting from this species of commerce is proportionally much greater than experienced in the whaling trade, with which it ranks as the most adventurous of callings. Mr. M‘Gillivray, who was employed in the sandal-wood trade, states that the profits obtained from this species of commerce are sometimes enormous, whatever, that may mean. Lieut. Pollard, formerly of H.M.S. ‘ Havannab,' has fur- nished more satisfactory estimates, as far as the South Sea is concerned, and shows that in the case of the ‘Julia Perey,’ which cost £1200 with her boats, —in one voyage, after all expenses, including interest and amounting to £2595, had been paid, a clear profit of £1182. 4s. was yielded to the owner. The Australian vessels employed in the collection are in general small, and such as are nearly worn out, and unfit for other branches of commerce. The crews, collected at Sydney, or picked up amongst the islands, are almost universally paid by the Zay, as in whaling voyages; that is, by ashare either of the wood collected, or of the value calculated at a low fixed price (about £12 a ton), the proportion for each seaman being one seventy-second part, so that for every ton of sandal-wood he receives £12. The amount of trade be- tween the Australian colonies and China depends entirely on the price of the commodity in the market, which varies from £40 to £12 a ton.t

EXPLANATION OF Prare LV., representing Santalum Yasi, Seem.—Fig. 1,°an entire flower; 2, the same laid open; 3, stamen and lobe of disk; 4 and 5, sections of ovary ; 6, ripe fruit :—all, with exception of Fig. 6, magnified.

Orvo LXXXIV. EUPHORBIACEZ.

LJ

This Natural Order is very strongly represented in tropical Polynesia, especially in the western parts, more than 150 species being already known,—a third of which number have been met with in Viti. In addition to the genera and species enumerated or alluded to below, we have the following :—viz. Lithozylon nitidum, Müll. Arg. (Securinega nitida, Lindl. Collect. t. 9), from Tahiti; Longetia buxoides, Baill., from New Caledonia ; Breynia disticha, Mill. Arg. (Breynia disticha, Forst. Gen. t. 73), from Tana (Forster !) ; Bridelia buxifolia, Baill., from New Caledonia; Cleistanthus stipitatus, Müll. Arg., from New Ca edonia ; Bocquil- lonia spicata, Baill., from New Caledonia; B. brevipes, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; B. sessiliflora, Baill., from New Caledonia; and Steigeria montana, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia.

I. Euphorbia, Linn. Gen. Plant. p. 243; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 7. Involucrum sub- regulare, campanulatum turbinatum v. hemisphæricum ; lobis 5 (rarius 4-8) primariis membranaceis, 5 aliis (rarius 8) secundariis alternantibus glanduliferis, glandulis abortu interdum 1—4-nis. Flores d pedicellati, ecalyculati, bracteolis ciliato-laceris interdum obsoletis basi stipati, in series 5-nas (rarius 4-8-nas) lobis primariis involucri oppositas dispositi. Flos 9 centralis, pedicellatus, calyce 3-6-lobo suffultus, sepius ecalyculatus. Styli 3, distincti v. plus minus coaliti, 2-fidi; lobis apice v. latere interiori stigmatosis. Semina pendula cum v. absque carunculá.— Plante monoice, rarissime dioice, monocarpiez v. perennes, herbacez v. fruticose, et arbores, succo acri lacteo

under the name of Santalum Austro-caledonicum, and named ** Tibéan " by the aborigines of that great island. M-Gillivray says, * The sandal-wood trees of the Fijis, Aneitum, and the ‘Isle of Pines constitute three distinct species.” à

5 Erskine, l. e. 890, and Appendix, p. 478.

+ Erskine, 1. c., Appendix C, p. 486. 2F2

216 FLORA VITIENSIS.

(rarius luteo) turgidz, interdum carnose. Folia sparsa v. opposita, rarius verticillata, stipulata v. stipulis destituta, floralia (involucella auctorum) opposita v. ternata. Inflorescentia definita, cymosa ; cymis axillaribus v. terminalibus 2—5-tomis sæpe in pseudumbellam dispositis interdum abortu l-lateralibus, racemiformibus spiciformibus v. ad involucrum solitarium reductis.— Tithymalus, Tournef. Inst. p. 85. t. 18. Poinsettia, Grah. Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1836. Anthacantha, Lem. Illustr. Hort. 1855, p. 69.

Besides the .Euphorbias described below, we have, in tropical Polynesia, the following species, viz. 1. E. diversifolia, Hook. et Arn., from the Hawaiian Islands; 2. E. celastroides, Gaud., from the Hawaiian Islands (Nelson!) ; 8. E. multiformis, Gaud. (E. annulata, Nutt. Herb.), from the Hawaiian Islands (Men- zies! Nelson! Nuttall !); 4. E. Remyi, A. Gray, from the Hawaiian Islands ; 5. E. Hookeri, Steud. (E. myr- tifolia, Hook. et Arn., non Linn.), from the Hawaiian Islands, where it is vernacularly termed “ Akoko,” and used for bird-lime (Barclay!) ; 6. E. Aubryana, Baill., from New Caledonia; 7. E. obliqua, F. Bauer (E. origanoides, Forst. Prodr. n. 206, non Linn.), from the Tongan Islands (Forster !), Aneitum, Eromanga, and Isle of Pines (M'Gillivray !), and Norfolk Island; 8. E. cordata, Mef., from the Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Macrae !) ; 9. E. Pancheri, Baill., from New Caledonia; 10. Æ. Neo-Caledonica, Boiss., from New Caledonia; 11. E. Kanalensis, Boiss., from New Caledonia; and 12. EZ. Cleopatra, Baill., from New Cale- donia.—There is besides, at the British Museum, a new species from the Hawaiian Islands, collected by

Nuttall, and named E. pauciflora by him. The branches are articulate, the leaves cordate-ovate, acutely serrate, and the flowers isolated. - E. Helioscopia, Linn., has been introduced into the Sandwich Islands.

1. E. Atoto, Forst. Prodr. n. 207, et Icon. (ined.) t. 149; Boiss. in DC. 1. c. p. 12; glabra, pallide virens; caule ascendente v. procumbente, ramis dichotomis ad articulationes nodosis; foliis internodio sublongioribus breviter petiolatis oblongis obtusis integerrimis ; stipulis interpetiolaribus minimis triangularibus fimbriatis; cymis ex axillis supremis longiuscule peduneulatis oligocephalis folioso-bracteatis; involucri turbinati glabri fauce hirtuli lobis triangularibus; glandularum appen- dice angustissimá ; stylis 2-fidis non incrassatis; capsule coccis vix carinatis; seminibus ovatis lævi- bus.—E. develata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p- 262, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 53. E. ovaria, F. Muell. mss. in Herb. Hook.—Nomen vernac. Tahitense, “ Atoto ” (Vitiense, ** Totolu ” v. ** Totoyava ?").—Common on the seabeach of most Vitian islands (Seemann ! n. 406; Storck! n. 904; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Forster !), Tongan (Capt. Cook! Barclay !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped., and Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Nuttall! Barclay !). Diffused over North-eastern Australia, the East Indian Archipelago, and Ceylon. :

2. E. Chamissonis, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. l.c. p. 14; glabra, caulibus einerascenti-nigricanti- bus; foliis integerrimis petiolatis e basi subeordata obovatis obtusis v. retusis subtus glaucis nervu- losis; eymis terminalibus bis terve dichotomis preter folia floralia squamiformia nudis; involucri turbinati majusculi dentibus ovato-triangularibus hirsutis; glandularum appendice alba eis duplo latiori integra v. lobulata; semine ovato-quadrangulo transverse et obsolete rugoso tuberculato.— Anisophyllum Chamissonis, Garcke et Klotzsch.— Viti Islands, locality not specified (Harvey). Also collected in Radak, Romanzow Archipelago,

Allied to E. Taitensis, Boiss. (E. Atoto, Guill., non Forst.).

3. E. pilulifera, Linn. Am. Ac. vol. iii. p. 114; Boiss. l.c. p. 21; tota crispule pubescens, caulibus erectis v. ascendentibus simplicibus v. parce ramosis superne plus minus patule flavido- setulosis ; foliis e basi breviter petiolata valde inzequali cuneata v. truncata ovato-rhombeis v. oblongo- lanceolatis acutis argute serrulatis dentatisve; stipulis minimis linearibus fimbriatis ; cymis axillari- bus sessilibus v. breviter pedunculatis globoso-capituliformibus co-cephalis; involucris minimis tur- binatis hirtis intus glabris, lobis triangularibus fimbriatulis, glandulis orbiculatis concaviuseulis, ap- pendice obsoleta v. angustissima ; stylis brevissimis 2-lobis, apice capitatis ; capsule ad presse flavido- hirt: coccis compresso-carinatis ; semine rubello acute oblongo-tetragono transverse ruguloso, rugulis irregulariter anastomosantibus.—£E. hirta, Linn. Am. Ac. vol. iii. p. 114. E. capitata, Lam. Dict.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 217

vol. ii. p. 492. E. globulifera, Kunth in H. B. Nov. Gen. vol. ii. p.56. E. verticillata, Velloz, Fl. Flum. vol. v. t. 16.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ De ni osi? (i.e. horsedung, from the natives be- lieving that this weed was introduced together with the horse). Common in waste and cultivated places all over Viti (Seemann ! n.405). Also collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Nuttall! Barclay !), and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray!). Diffused over tropical America, Asia, and Africa.

Evidently a comparatively recent introduction to Polynesia, as it was not mentioned or collected by the older botanists.

4. E. Tanensis, Spreng. Syst. vol. iii. p. 791; glabra, fruticosa; ramis inferne nudis cicatri- cosis lucidis superne densiuscule foliosis; foliis late linearibus subsessilibus integris obtusis; invo- - lucris in axilis supremis terminalibusque pedunculis foliis brevioribus medium versus 2 foliolis linearibus instructis suffultis hemisphzerico-campanulatis lobis ovatis valde ciliatis; glandulis trans- verse oblongis facie interiori pilosis; stylis brevibus crassis ad medium connatis; capsule breviter pedicellate magne ovate coccis carinatis; semine ovato levi, caruncula patellari minima.— E. Norfolkiana, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 110. Croton cluytioides, Forst. ex Spreng. Croton, e Tana, Forst. Herb. in Mus. Brit.—Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 404). Also collected in Nor- folk Island (W. Anderson! a.n. 1774), Tana, New Hebrides (Forster !), and Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

A shrub, about six feet high. A specimen collected by Forster, in Tana, and preserved at the British Museum, establishes the identity of the hitherto doubtful E. Tanensis, Spreng., and Boissier's E. Norfolkiana.

.

5. E. Fidjiana, Boiss. in DC. l.c. p. 110; glabra, fruticosa (?) ; ramis teretibus inferne nudis cicatricosis superne confertim foliosis ; umbellz radiis 2—4 foliis supremis brevioribus bis terve divari- catim dichotomis ; foliis elliptico-linearibus obtusis in petiolum brevem attenuatis mucronulatis in- tegerrimis floralibus ad dichotomias ovatis scariosis mucronatis ; involucris intra folia floralia longi- uscule pedunculatis campanulato-hemisphericis; lobis elongatis obovatis apice dentatis, glandulis transverse ovatis; capsula . . .— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

II. Antidesma, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. p. 22; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 247. Calycis masculis lacini: imbricative. Petala suppressa. Stamina laciniis calycis opposita, circa rudimeatum ovarii evolutum inserta. Antheræ 2-rimosz ; loculi ex apice penduli; loculorum basis in alabastris infera, in floribus evolutis oscillando-supera. Disci glandule inter rudimentum ovarii et stamina sitze, cum filamentis et laciniis calycis alternantes. Ovarium evolutum, 1-loculare ; loculus 2-ovulatus. Fructus drupaceus, indehiscens. Semina exarillata, ecarunculata, albuminosa. Radicula elongata, tenuis ; cotyledones late ovate, complanatz.—Arbores arbuscule v. rarius frutices. Folia aiterna, simplicia, 2-stipulata, breviter petiolata, penninervia; coste ante marginem semper integrum arcuato- adscendentes, anastomosantes. Flores sempef dioici, spicati v. racemosi, numerosi, parvi. Rhachis inflorescentiz simplex v. ramosa.—Stilago, Schreb. in Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 8. n. 1381.

A. spherocarpum, Müll. Arg., from the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. E&ped.), and A. platyphyllum, H. Mann, from the Hawaiian group, are the only species of the genus, besides the following, hitherto dis- covered in tropical Polynesia. P

1. A. pacificum, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 254; stipulis et bracteis lanceolato-ovatis brevi- bus; calyce 9 parvulo profunde 5-4-fido, laciniis triangulari-ovatis acutis; disco hypogyno subin- tegro pubescente; drupa oblique ellipsoidea utrinque subacuta modice incurva sublevi.— Viti, loca- lity not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

III. Phyllanthus, Linn.; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 274. Calycis d laciniz im- bricativee, dorso non plicato-appendiculate. Petala 0. Disci extrastaminalis glandule cum laciniis

218 FLORA VITIENSIS.

calycis alternantes v. suppress. Stamina centralia. Ovarii 2-15-locularis loculi 2-ovulati. Capsula 2-ce-cocca. Semina ecarunculata, exarillata, albuminosa. Embryo subrectus; cotyle- dones complanatze.—Arbores v. szepius frutices, sepissime fruticuli v. suffrutices v. etiam sed rarius tamen herbe. Ramuli florigeri szepissime distiche nunc sparse foliosi, raro foliis ad squamas tantum reductis priediti, teretes, angulosi aut rarius foliaceo-complanati. Folia disticha aut angulo 3 periphe- riz inter se distantia, forma magnitudine consistentia et indumento varia, sæpissime tamen glabra, nunquam longe petiolata, integra, penninervia, bistipulata. Inflorescentiz axillares; vulgo in axillis foliorum site, raro in parte bienni aut trienni ramorum lignosorum site, monoice aut dioicæ, v. etiam in eodem ramulo inferiores aut intermedize unisexuales a reliquis sexu distincte, nunc aliz sexu mixte, aliæ unisexuales v. omnes bisexuales, nunc ad florem unicum reducte. Flores fasciculati aut solitarii ; pulvinuli fasciculigeri interdum elongati et racemulum brevem dense imbricatim bracteatum formantes.—Cicca et Xylophylla, Linn. Bradleia et Emblica, Gertn. — Glochidion et Breynia, pro parte, Forst.

One-third of all the Euphorbiacee hitherto discovered in tropical Polynesia, belong to this genus as now - eireumseribed, there being, besides the species described below, the following, viz. 1. Phyllanthus macro- phyllus, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 2. P. Wagapensis, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 3. P. Ka- nalophilus, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 4. P. Billardieri, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 5. P. Ca- ledonicus, Müll. Arg. (Bradleia Zeylanica, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. p. 76, t. 76. excl. syn), from New Cale- donia; 6. P. cuspidatus, Müll. Arg., from the Samoan Islands; 7. P. Gaudichaudi?, Müll. Arg., from the Samoan and Tongan groups; 8. P. Taitensis, Müll. Arg. '(Bradleia pubescens, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 329; vulgo Tahitens. * Mahame" dieitur), from Tahiti (Banks and Solander!); 9. P. Gray- anus, Müll. Arg., from Tahiti; 10. P. glaucus, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 11. P. Kanalensis, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 12. P. bupleuroides, Baill., from New Caledonia; 18. P. macrochorion, Baill., from New Caledonia; 14. D. torrentium, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 15. P. salicifolius, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 16. P. vespertilio, Baill., from New Caledonia; 17. P. loranthoides, Baill., from New Caledonia; 18. P. myrianthus, Müll. Arg. from the New Hebrides; 19. P. platycalyx, Müll., from New Caledonia; 20. P. Fagueti, Baill., from New Caledonia; 21. P. enews, Baill., from New Caledonia; 22. P. Baladensis, Baill., from New Caledonia; 23. P. Chamecerasus, Baill., from New Caledonia; 24. P. Pan- cherianus, Baill., from New Caledonia; 25. P. cataractarum, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 26. P. cor- nutus, Baill., from New Caledonia; 27. P. caudatus, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 28. P. Bourgeoisii, Baill., from New Caledonia; 29. P. ciecaoides, Müll. Arg. (Breynia disticha, Forst. Gen. t. 73), from . Tana (Forster!) ; 80. P. Deplanchii, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 81. P. Vieillardi, Baill., from New Caledonia; 82. P. Societatis, Müll. Arg., from the Society group; 38. P. rufidulus, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 34. P. pacificus, Müll. Arg., from the Marquesas Islands (Barclay!) ; 35. P. urceolatus, Baill., from New Caledonia; 36. P. micranthoides, Baill., from New Caledonia; 37. P.-Sandwichensis, Müll. Arg. (P. distichus, Hook. et Arn.), from the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae! Nuttall! Barclay! Seemann! n.

2284); 38. P. persimjlis, Müll. Arg., irom New Caledonia; and 39. P. chrysanthus, Baill., from New Caledonia.

l. P. ramiflorus, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 289; floribus d. ?-que longiuscule pedicellatis parvulis, laciniis calycis d' ovatis concavis; ovario globoso 6-loculari glabro; columna stylari vix distincta; stylis brevissimis,conniventibus ; capsula depresso-globosa vertice foveola excavata 12-sul- cata.— Glochidion ramiflorum, Forst. Prodr. n. 361. Bradleia glochidion, Gertn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 128. t. 109. Bradleia levigata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 329, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit, Plants (ined.) t. 103.— Nomen vernac. Tahitense, fide Solander, ** Ula-moe-mou.”

Var. lanceolatus (Müll. Arg. l.c.) ; arborea; petiolis 4-5 mm. longis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis mediocribus v. parvulis.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Molau."—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 415). Also collected in the Marquesas (Jardin). Wood used for making clubs. à

Dr. Müller enumerates several varieties of this species, which, in my opinion, are scarcely more than there forms or stages of growth. At the British Museum there is a number of specimens representing a

FLORA VITIENSIS. 219

transition from one to the other, collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Tongan (Capt. Cook! Mann !), Society (Forster! Banks and Solander !), and New Hebrides Islands (Forster! Barclay !).

2. P. concolor, (n. sp. Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 290; pedicellis g feemineos superantibus gracilibus, laciniis calycis ¢ late ellipticis interioribus duplo minoribus; ovario valde depresso 6-7- loculari glabro; columna stylari valde depresso-hemispheerica ovarium latitudine sequante eoque bre- viore vertice conniventer acute et depresso-6-7-loba ; capsula valde depressa.

Var. a. ellipticus; folis ellipticis, costis secundariis inferioribus patulis arcuatis. quam inter- mediz brevioribus.— Viti (Harvey !).

Var. B. obovatus; folis paulo minoribus obovatis v. oblongo-obovatis basi angustatis apice acutis v. acutiusculis haud cuspidatis minus firmis vulgoque magis nitidis, costis secundariis inferiori- bus angulo semirecto insertis subrectis quam intermedi sublongioribus.—G/ochidion concolor, B. obovatum, Müll. Arg. in Linnea, vol. v. t. 32, p. 68.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 412) ; Narai (Milne !).

3. P. Vitiensis, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 290; floribus 9 breviter pedicellatis ; calycis 9 laciniis late ovatis obtusis ovario 6-loculari glabro; columna stylari nano-conica breviter lobulato- dentata; capsula truncato-obovoidea ambitu leviuscule sulcata in calyce sessili.— Viti, locality not

specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

4. P. Seemannianus, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 290; arborea; floribus breviter pedi- cellatis; calycis glabri laciniis oblongo-ovatis acutiusculis interioribus brevioribus ; ovario ‘globoso 5-loculari glabro ; columna stylari valde depressa conniventer 5-loba quam ovarium multo breviore ; capsula depressa 5-sulcata.—N omen vernac. Vitiense, “ Molau."— Kadavu (Seemann! n. 413).

5. P. venulosus, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 291; floribus 9 subfasciculatis breviter pedicellatis ; calycis 9 laciniis late ovatis rotundato-obtusis; ovario 6-7-loculari pubescente ; columna stylari de- presso-conica basi valde dilatata; capsula valde depressa vertice profunde excavata ambitu propane 12-14-sulcata.— Viti, locality ud specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

6. P. cordatus, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 294; floribus 9 breviter pedicellatis; calyce incano-villoso, laciniis ovatis subobtusis; ovario 6-loculari sericeo-villoso demum indumento albi- cante brevi obducto; columna stylari crassa ovarium longitudine vix superante et latitudine sub- æquante villosula demum albido-subsericea ; capsulis depressis.— G/ochidion cordatum, Seem. in Bon- plandia, 1861, p. 259. — Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 416; Harvey !).

7. P. Manono, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 296; floribus d fasciculatis, 9 glomeratis; laciniis calycis d ellipticis 9 ovatis subacutis; ovario globoso sulcato 7-6-loculari glabro ; columna stylari anguste cylindrico-conica quam ovarium duplo et ultra longiore et multo tenuiore apice leviter 7-6- dentata, dentibus emarginatis; capsula depressa globosa 7-6-loculari profunde sulcata. —Glochidion Manono, Baill. Étud. Gen. Euph. p. 637. | Bradleia nitida, Sol. Prim. Fl.. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 330. —Nomen vernac. Tahitense, Manono."— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. — Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander !).

8. P. podocarpus, Müll. Arg. in DC. l,c. p. 310; floribus 9 solitariis HIM pedicellatis ; sepalis 9 liberis v. subliberis ovato-lanceolatis subobtusis eiitodine subinzequali insertis ; ovario 6-7- loculari stipitato glabro, columna stylari obovoideo-cylindrica superne leviter latiore 6-7-dentata fere triplo longiore quam lato glabra; capsula parvula depressa in calyce distinete stipitata ambitu obtuse suleata.— Viti, locality not apecifiell (U. S. Expl. Exped.). a fa e

9. P. amentuliger, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 313; costis secundariis basi foliorum subapproxi- matis ; inflorescentiis amentiformibus brevibus aggregatis densissime imbricato- bracteatis ; floribus g

220 FLORA VITIENSIS.

breviter pedicellatis puberulis; calycis 4 laciniis oblongo-ovatis exterioribus majoribus ; antheris 3, connectivo exserto obtuse apiculatis.—Bua or Sandal-wood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

10. P. heterodoxus, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 321; ramulis compresso-angulosis; floribus monoicis in axillis foliorum subsolitariis $ graciliter ? longe pedicellatis ; calycis 4 laciniis exterio- rihus ovato-lanceolatis parvulis interioribus obovatis haud emarginatis, 9 orbiculari-ovatis ; glandulis disci § 3 subbilobis; columna staminali integra; antheris muticis; stylis basi breviter connatis patulis acuminatis.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

11. P. simplex, Retz. Obs. vol. v. p. 29; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 391; pedicellis 2 2-3 9 subsolitariis masculos superantibus; laciniis calycis 9 ovatis subacutis demum reflexis; glan- dulis florum 4 liberis; ovario papilloso; stylis profunde 2-partitis gracilibus; seminibus secus tineas longitrorsas aspero-puncticulatis.— P. anceps, Vahl, Symb. vol. ii. p. 95 ; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 318; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 94. P. virgatus, Forst. Prodr. n. 941. P. fruticosus, Seem. Bonpl. 1861, p. 259. P. simplex, var. virgatus, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. — Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, ** Moe-moe."—In swamps, common in most parts of Viti (Seemann! n. 418). Also collected in the Tongan (Capt. Cook! Barclay !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Barclay !).

The numerous varieties into which Dr. Müller divides this species, are met with iu the East Indies, the Indian Archipelago, China, Ceylon, in Amoor, and New Caledonia.

12. P. Wilkesianus, Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 396 ; ramulis filiformibus, racemulis 4 minimis dense imbricato-bracteatis; calycis d laciniis anguste lanceolatis; disci extrastaminalis glandulis

liberis; columna staminali integra ; antheris horizontaliter inclinatis.— Viti, at 2000 feet elevation, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

IV. Baccaurea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. ed. Willd. vol. ii. p. 813; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 456. Calycis g lacinize estivatione imbricative. ^ PetalaO. Discus suppressus v. evolutus. Stamina circa basin rudimenti ovarii inserta. Anthere 2-rimose; loculi longitrorsum connati. Ovarii loculi 2-ovulati. Fructus haud capsulari-aperiens ; columna centralis, tamen evoluta. Semina arillata, albuminosa. Cotyledones ovate, 3-nerviæ; radicula brevis—Arbores. Folia alterna, petio- lata, 2-stipulata, simplicia, penninervia, sepissime elliptica v. elliptico- v. obovato-lanceolata basi vulgo acuta apiceque obtuse cuspidato-acuminata, integra v. subdentata; margine subtus distan- ter glanduligera; costæ et primarie et secundarie subtus valide prominentes, cum parenchymate glabre v. pilis simplicibus raro stellatis vestitee. Inflorescentie axillares, racemiformes v. subspici- formi-panieulares, unisexuales. Flores dioici v. in aliis ramis masculi, in aliis ejusdem arboris feminei, bracteati, in axilla cujusvis bractesze ssepius ternatim v. quinatim siti, pedicellati. Bracteæ sepe longiusculo tractu eum pedunculo partiali connate.—Hedycarpus, Miq. Pierardia, Roxb. Microsepala, Miq. Adenocrepis, Blume. Calyptroon, Mig. Pierardia, Baill.

B. Tahitensis, Müll. Arg., from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.), is the only other species of this genus, besides these enumerated below, hitherto discovered in tropical Polynesia.

i. B. Wilkesiana, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 461 ; costis secundariis utroque latere 6-7 angulo semirecto insidentibus marginem versus arcuato-adscendentibus, spicis g fasciculatis folia subeequan- tibus; bracteis ovatis parvis cum pedunculo 1-3-floro 2-bracteolato fere omnino connatis; calyce d parvo subirregulariter 4-partito laciniis ovatis v. lanceolatis extus intusque breviter et crassiuscule papilloso-pubentibus ; filamentis glabris; ovarii rudimento elongato subclavato integro dense papil- loso-pubescente; fructibus demum paulo latioribus quam longis utrinque subdistincte subacutatis ambitu teretibus.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

FLORA VITIENSIS, 221

2, B. Seemanni, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 462; costis secundariis utroque latere 6-7 angulo circ. semirecto insidentibus subrectis, spicis ¢ fasciculatis folio brevioribus micranthis, brac- teis d late ovatis acutis exiguis; calyce d' depresso-globoso 3-4-partito extus intusque pulveraceo- puberulo.— Pierardia Seemanni, Müll. Arg. in Flora Ratisb. 1864, p. 469.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 390).

Middle-sized tree. Female flowers and fruit unknown. -

3. B. stylaris, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 465 ; racemis ramulicolis, calycibus utriusque sexus exiguis, disci extrastaminalis glandulis connatis crassis puberulis; staminibus 6-8, filamentis hir- tellis ; ovario fusiformi-ellipsoideo basi breviter stipitato apice sensim longe in columnam stylarem ei squilongam subgracilem angustato parce pubescente.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

V. Bischoffia, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1168; Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 478. Calycis d lacini: quin- cuncialiter imbricativee, margine induplicativo cucullato-concavee. Petala utriusquesexus 0. Discus (e situ staminum) suppressus. Stamina circa rudimentum ovarii inserta, laciniis calycinis opposita ; anthers 2-rimosæ; loculi longitrorsum connati, Rudimentum ovarii evolutum. Ovarii loculi 2- ovulati. Fructus subbaccatus ; mesocarpium carnosum ; endocarpium 3-coccum, pergamaceum. Se- mina ecaruneulata, subparce albuminosa. Radicula cotyledonibus amplis cordato-ovatis complanatis subtriplo brevior.—Arbores magne. Lignum durum. Folia alterna, trifoliolata, longe petiolata . foliola petiolulata; petiolulus terminalis reliquis longior. Limbus foliolorum ovatus, penninervius, margine crenato-dentatus, majusculus, rigide membranaceus. Inflorescentiz axillares, ample, plus minusve paniculate. Flores dioici, numerosissimi, parvuli.—Microélus, Wight et Arn. in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. vol. xiv. p. 298. Stylodiscus, Bennett in Horsf. Plant. Jav. Rar. p. 133, t. 29.

This genus is now reduced to two species, the one found in Viti, and B. leptopoda, Müll, Arg., as yet only met with in the Samoan group. oE

1. B. Javanica, Blume, Bijdr. p. 1168; Müll. Arg. in DO. 1. c. p. 478; foliis subellipticis basi obtusis v. subobtusis apice brevius v. longius cuspidato-acuminatis; pedicellis fructigeris incrassatis fructum longiuscule superantibus; fructibus pachydermeis rugulosis basi brevissime contracto-angu- latis.—Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. vol. i. pars ii. p. 363, et Suppl. p. 444. B. Cumingiana, Dene. in Jacquem. Voyage aux Indes, p. 153. B. Reperiana, Dene. in Jacq. 1. c.; Baill. Étud. Gén. Euphorb. t. 26, f. 25-82. Stylodiscus trifoliatus, Benn. in Horsf. Plant. Jav. Rar. p. 133, t. 29. Microelus Reperianus, Wight et Arn. in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. vol. xiv. p. 298; Wight, Icon. Plant. Ind. Or. t. 1880. Andrachne trifoliata, Roxb. Flor. Ind. vol. iii. p. 728, A. apetala, Wall. Cat. n. 7956 (nomen). Phyllanthus gymnanthus, Baill. Rec. d’Obs. Bot. vol. ii. p. 240 (fide specim. orig.). Nomen vernac. Vitiense et Tonguense, “ Koka."— Banks of the Navua river, Viti Levu (See- mann! n. 417). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster !), Tahiti (Capt. Cook !), Tonga (Harvey !), and the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Distributed over the East Indies and Indian Archi- pelago. :

This tree yields a hard and durable timber, used for posts of houses. Harvey remarks (Sched. in Herb. Kew) that the Tonguese stain their cloth with the bark.

VI. Croton, Linn. ez parte ; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p.512. Calyx d 5-(4-6-)partitus ; lacinize latius angustiusve imo angustissime et apice tantum distincte imbricativee, secunda spiree (impar) pos- tica axin inflorescentiz spectans. Petala laciniis calycis isomera, evoluta v. plus minusve rudimen- taria aut obsoleta. Glandulz disci cum petalis alternantes. Stamina centralia (5-400, sepius 10- | 20) ; filamenta apice cum antheris inflexa; antheræ plus minusve basifixe, demum oscillando-

erectæ, 9-rimose. Ovarii loculi (2-4, sepissime 3) l-ovulati. Styli dichotome divisi. Fructus

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1807.] 9,

222 | FLORA VITIENSIS.

capsularis; cocca 2-valvia. Semina carunculata. Embryo in albumine rectus; cotyledones ovate, radiculam sequantes.—A rbores v. sæpius frutices et herbze perennes, rarius annus, habitu variegato. Folia alterna, petiolata, distincte v. obsolete 2-stipulata, dentata v. integra, rarius lobata, penninervia v. 3-5-plinervia, consistentia varia. Indumentum lepidotum v. depresso-stellatum v. ssepius stella- tum. Flores vulgo monoici, in racemum sæpe spiciformem szpissime terminalem dispositi ; inferiores foeminei..—Tridesmis, Lour. Astrogyne, Benth. Tiglium, Klotzsch, etc.

This vast genus is represented in tropical Polynesia, by only four members, of which one, C. insularis,

Müll. Arg., is found in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), whence it extends to the north-east coast of New Holland. -

1. C. metallicus, (n. sp.) Seem. in Bonpl. 1861, p. 259; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 572 (Tab. LVI.) ; foliis mediocriter petiolatis basi subtus sessili-2-glandulosis subtus lepidotis, lepidibus argilla- ceo-rufescentibus demum argenteo-albicantibus nitidis; alabastris 9 oblongo-ovoideis, disco hypo- gyno urceolari tenui repando-lobato; staminibus circ. 15, filamentis infra medium pilosis; ovario dense lepidoto-squamuloso ; stylis abbreviatis crassis 2-partitis ovario 2-3-plo brevioribus; seminibus leevibus.—Macuata, coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 408).

ExprnawaTION oF Pirate LVI.—Fig. 1, flower-bud ; 2, flower opening ; 3, flower open; 4, stamens ; 5, lepidote scales of flowers :—all magnified.

9. C. heterotrichus, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 620; ramulis angulosis; petiolis limbo 3—5-plo brevioribus, limbo penninervio basi sessili-2-glanduloso ; stipulis obsoletis; pilis indumenti dimorphis ; racemis rigidulis, floribus ? numerosis, calycis 9 laciniis ovato-lanceolatis ; ovario pilis stellatis fer- rugineis dense hirtello; stylis semel 2-fidis rigidulis.— Viti, 2000 feet above the sea, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. C. Verreauxii, Müll. in DC. l.c. p. 620; foliis ad apicem ramulorum confertis longiuscule petiolatis ad basin limbi subtus 2-glandulosis rigidulis; stipulis conico-subulatis brevissimis rigidis ; racemis elongatis laxifloris; bracteis exiguis lanceolato-ovatis 1—5-floris alabastris gj subglobosis; calycis 9 laciniis oblongo-ovatis; petalis ¢ anguste oblongato-obovatis; filamentis glabris; ovario pilis stellatis exiguis adpressis hirtello, stylis subliberis bipartitis; laciniis levibus; capsulis 3- dymis parvulis. :

Var. Storckii, Müll. Arg. l. c. (Tab. LVII.); foliis orbiculari- v. ovato-ellipticis v. late lanceo- latis basi subobtusis margine integris v. obiter repando-denticulatis; pedicellis § capillaceis vulgo solitariis; stylis longe ultra medium bifidis.— Croton Storckii, Seem. in * Bonplandia, 1862, p. 297. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, * Danidani."— Port Kinnaird, Island of Ovalau (Storck ! n. 905).

EXPLANATION oF Prare LVII., representing Croton Verreauxii, var. Storckii.—Fig. 1, flower-bud; 2, flower open; 3, petal; 4, stamen; 5, ovary; 6 and 7, sections of ovary :—all magnified.

4. C. leptopus, Müll. in DC. Prodr. l. c. p. 622; petiolis demum limbum fere equantibus, limbo penninervio basi graciliter stipitato-2-glanduloso membranaceo ; stipulis obsoletis ; indumento pilis exiguis albido-argillaceis, racemis tenellis paucifloris, pedicellis utriusque sexus elongatis tenuibus solitariis, calycis 9 laciniis anguste triangulari-ovatis haud accrescentibus ; alabastris ¢ muticis, fila- mentis glabris; ovario dense stellato-hirtello; stylis 2-fidis rigidulis; capsulis depresso-globosis 3- dymis.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

VII. Aleurites, Forst. Char. Gen. n. 56, cum icon. ; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 722. Calyx utriusque sexus valvatim subirregulariter rumpens (2-3-partitus). Petala utriusque sexus 5, sstivatione contorta v, quincuncialiter imbricata. Discus utriusque sexus evolutus; glandule cum

FLORA VITIENSIS. _ 223

petalis alternantes. Stamina in receptaculo conico nudo inserta; anther 2-rimosz; loculi tota longitudine connectivo adnati, basi v. supra basin fixi, stantes. Rudimentum ovarii O. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati. Fructus carnoso-capsularis. Semina ecarunculata. Albumen oleaginosum. Em- bryo rectus; cotyledones orbiculari-ovatz, membranaceo-complanate, palminervie, radiculam bre- vissimam multoties superantes.—Arbores. Folia alterna, longe petiolata, ambitu lata, 5-7-pli- nervia, superne penninervia, margine integra v. rarius grosse sinuato-dentata, 3-9-lobata v. elo- bata, basi supra patellari-2-glandulosa. ^ Flores monoici, in paniculam terminalem valde floribundam quoad axes penultimos et antepenultimos irregulariter cymoso-ramosam dispositi ; masculi foemi- neis vulgo multo numerosiores, laterales, gracilius pedicellati ipsique breviores et obtusiores, in axilla bractearum solitarii ; foeminei vulgo apicem axium priorum ordinum inflorescentiz terminantes.—Dry- andra, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 267, t. 27. Vermicia, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 720. Telopea, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. 7 (ined.) p. 332. — 4mbinuz, Comm. Camirium, Rumph. Juglandis sp., Lour.

1. A. Moluccana, Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 590; Müll. in DC. 1. e. p. 723; petalis 3 lanceo- lato-cbovatis basi intus barbatis ceterum glabris, 9 liguliformibus, receptaculo cum filamentis stel- lato-hispidis; ovario densissime hispido ; seminibus rugoso-gibberulosis.— Bl. Bijdr. p. 619; Dene. in Nouv. Ann. du Mus. vol. iii. p. 487. A. triloba, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 112, n. 56, cum ice. ; Prodr. p. 68, n. 360, et Icon. (ined.) t. 262; Lam. Encycl. vol. i. p. 80, et Illustr. t. 791; Guillem. Zephyrit. p. 34; Roxb. Flor. Ind. vol. iii. p. 629; Blanco, Flora de Filip. ed. ii, p. 520. A. com- mutata, Geisel. Crot. Monogr. p. 82. A. ambinuz, Pers. Ench. p. 587; Adr. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 19. A. cordifolia, Steud. Nomencl. p. 49 (non Dryandra cordata, Thunb.). A. lobata, Blanco, Flor. de Filip. ed. i. p. 756. A. lanceolata, Blanco, l.c. ed. i. p. 757, et ed. ii. p. 521. — Camirium cordifolium, Gærtn. Fruct. vol. ii. p. 195 (non Dryandra cordata, Thunb.). Cam. oleosum, Reinw. Bl. Cat. 104 (ex Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. p. 236). Jatropha Moluccana, L. Spec. Pl. ed. i. p. 1006 (1753, nomen specificum prioritate gaudens). Juglans Camirium, Lour. Flor. Cochinch. p. 702. Camirium, Rumph. Amb. vol. ii. p. 180, t. 58. Telopea perspicua, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 332, et in Parkins, Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 105 et 106.—Nomen vernac. Hawaiiense, “ Kukui,” Tahitense, * Tutui ;” Vitiense, '* Tutui," * Lauci" v. “ Sikeci."—Common in all the large Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 403). Also collected in the Hawaiian (Macrae! Barclay ! Seemann! n. 1729), Society (Banks and Solander!), and Tongan Islands (Forster! Capt. Cook ! Barclay!). Also in New Caledonia. Widely diffused in the tropics of both hemispheres.

The Candle-nut tree, termed “ Lauci," * Sikeci,” and “ Tuitui,” in the various dialects of Fiji, is of middle size, common throughout Fiji, and rendered a conspicuous object by the whiteness of its leaves, produced by a fine powder, which is easily removed. The ground underneath it is always densely covered with “nuts,” and large quantities might be collected. These “nuts” (albumen) contain a great deal of oil, of which, however, the natives make only a limited use for polishing, though in other parts of Polynesia lamps aff fed with it, and in the Hawaiian Islands the entire kernels are strung on a stick and lighted as candles. In Viti the fruit is better known as a dye, and is used for tatooing, as in Tahiti and other parts of Polynesia; it also plays an important part at the birth of a child, for no sooner is a baby born than the midwife rushes to the Lauci to gather a fruit fresh from the tree, which she places in the mouth of the interesting young stranger, with the conviction that its milky juice will clear the throat, and more effectually enable it to announce its welcome arrival. Mr. Wilson, the managing director of Price’s Patent Candle Company, at Vauxhall, London, writes to me :—“ The oil of the Aleurites triloba is fine and hard, worth atleast as much as sesame or rape oil, in this market. tis held very tightly in its matrix, and should be pressed where grown. If the ‘nuts’ were brought home in their shells, the freight would be expensive;

and if shelled, insects would eat them.” | VIII. Claoxylon, Andr. Juss. Tent. Euph. p. 43, t. 14, f. 43; Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 775.

Calyx d valvaris. Petala utriusque sexus 0. Disci hypogyni glandulz evolutz, cum laciniis calycis

et carpidiis (si isomera) alternantes. Stamina in receptaculo elevato centralia; antherz 2-rimosee ; 262

224. FLORA VITIENSIS.

loculi basi fixi, erecti, preeter basin inter se liberi. Rudimentum ovarii 0. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati, laciniis calycis oppositi v. iis pauciores, unus posterior. Fructus capsularis. Semina ecarunculata. —Frutices et arbores v. rarius herbz. Folia alterna, stipulata, petiolata, penninervia, siepe purpuras- centia v. subviolaceo-rubentia, basi supra plus minusve distincte denticuliformi 2—4-stipellata, subtus nunquam maculato-glandulosa. Flores dioici v. casu monoici, parvi, in racemos axillares simplices fascieuligeros v. glomeruligeros dispositi—Erythrochilus, Reinw. Ap. Bl. Bijdr. p. 615. Athroandra, Hook. f. Micrococca, Benth. Mercurialis, Baill. :

C. Sandwichense, Müll. Arg., from the Hawaiian Islands; C. insularum, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; and C. Tahitense, Müll. Arg., from Tahiti (Forster ! Capt. Cook !), are the only three species of this genus hitherto found in tropical Polynesia, besides the two following.

l. C. fallax, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 780; racemis J spiciformibus elongatis gra- cilibus, bracteis ¢ 3-5-floris; staminibus circiter 30 ; filamentis breviter sericeis.—C. parviflorum, Seem. Bonpl. 1861, p. 258 (nomen), non Adr. Juss.—Ovalau (Seemann! n. 394).

A tree, 24 feet high, closely allied to C. Sandwichense, with which it forms the section Gymnoclaozylon.

2. C. echinospermum, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 787; petiolis limbo 3-5-plo brevioribus ; limbo membranaceo-subcoriaceo ; racemis gracilibus $' parvifloris; bragteis ¢ 3-1-floris ; stamini- bus 30, glandulis receptaculi obovato-lanceolatis apice truncato paucipilosis ; ovario pallide ochraceo- sericeo; stylis parvis minute laceris; capsulis intus nitidis; seminibus echinato-tuberculatis.—

Island of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

IX. Acalypha, Linn. Gen. Plant. p. 902, n. 1082, 1767; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 799. Calyx d valvaris, 9 imbricativus, hujus laciniarum una antica. Petala et discus utriusque sexus 0. Stamina in receptaculo elevato pulviniformi centrum. occupantia. Antherz 2-rimose ; loculi subvermiformes, liberi, ex apice penduli. Rudimentum ovarii.0. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati, 2 anteriores, bracteam spectantes, 1 posterior. Fructus capsularis. Semina subobsolete v. distincte carunculata. Embryo in albumine rectus; radicula cetyledones ovatas subeequans.—Frutices suffru- - tices herbeque perennes v. annus. Folia alterna, sæpius longe v. longiuseule petiolata, nune fere sessilia, penninervia v. 3-7-nervia, consistentia varia, margine nunquam omnino integra; limbus eum reliquis partibus foliaceis sepissime minute pellucido-punctatus. Petioli basi 2-stipulati, apice subglanduligeri. Inflorescentie situ et forma vari, nec non satis variantes, normaliter 1-sexuales aut 2-sexuales, et tum flores d? sepissime superiores. Flores 4 in axillis bractearum subnt&merosi, in spicam dense glomerulifloram sepe continuam dispositi, exigui, demum articulato-decidui, 9 in axillis bractearum ssepius 1 v. 2-3, sessiles rariusve pedicellati.— Cupameni, Adans. Caturyg, Linn. Galurus, Spreng. Linostachys, Klotzsch. Odonteilema, Turcz. Gymnalpha, Griseb.

This large genus has, in tropical Polynesia, the following representatives, besides those found in Viti, viz. 1. A. Forsteriana, Müll. Arg. (A. virgata, Forst. Prodr. n. 67, non Linn.), from Tana, New Hebrides

(Forster!); 2. A. Pancheriana, Baill., from New Caledonia ; 3. A. Neo-Oaledonica, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; and 4. A. Lepinei, Müll. Arg., from Tahiti.

1, A. grandis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. 1843, p. 282; Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 806; stipulis angustis elongatis ; spicis longissimis densifloris; bracteis 9 1-floris fructigeris capsu- lam paulo superantibus, orbiculari-reniformibus pro 4 longitudinis acute 7—9-lobato-dentatis, dente terminali haud longiore; ovario hirto; stylis breviuscule pennatiin 5-9-lacinulatis.— 4. Amboinensis, Benth. l.c. p. 405.—Viti Levu (Barclay!). Also collected in Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !) and Aneitum (Milne !), the Moluccas, Amboina, and the Philippine Islands.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 220

2. A. consimilis, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 807 ; stipulis setaceis; limbo membranaceo ; spicis utriusque sexus elongatis; bracteis 9 1-floris date triangularibus 9-11-dentatis capsulam longe superantibus, dente terminali majore; ovario hirtello; stylis mediocriter pectinatim divisis.— V iti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.). - ;

3. A. rivularis, (n. sp.) Seemann in Bonpl. 1861, p. 258; Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. 817 ; foliis breviter petiolatis coriaceo-membranaceis angustis; spicis 9 elongatis; bracteis 9 1-floris triangulari- ovatis acutis superne tantum utrinque 2-3-dentatis, dente terminali paulo majore, demum late reni- formibus brevissime acutatis basi cordatis ; ovario pubescente ; stylorum brevium lacinulis pectinatim sitis circ. 8 adscendentibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kadakada."—0On the banks of the Navua and Namosi rivers, Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 391).

4. A. latifolia, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 817; petiolatis limbo pluries brevioribus; limbo amplo subintegro rigide membranaceo; spicis d densifloris breviusculis.— Viti, locality not speci- fied (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. A. Wilkesiana, Müll. Arg. in DC.1. c. 817 (Tab. LVIII.) ; petiolis limbo pluries breviori- bus; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis subulato-acuminatis limbo obtuse grossius serratis; spicis utriusque sexus elongatis d tenuibus; bracteis 9 l.floris late triangularibus utrinque pro j longitudinis in- ciso-4—5-dentatis, dentibus anguste triangularibus, terminali reliquis majore ; stylis pectinatim lacinu- ligeris.—A. circinata, A. Gray, mss. in Herb. Hook. A. tricolor, Hort.—Nomen vernac, Vitiense, * Kalabuci damu” (i.e. Red Kalambuci, from the general coppery appearance of the shrub) .—Islands of Taviuni, Ovalau, Vanua: Levu, and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 392), often planted about houses. Cultivated in English gardens.

This shrub attains about 10 feet in height, and its foliage has generally the colour of our Copper Beeches ; but very often the leaves assume a great variety of tints,—pink, yellow, and brown,—and then the plant is highly ornamental. It is often cultivated by the natives, together with other fine-foliaged plants, such as Dracena ferrea, Codieum variegatum, Nothopanaz fruticosum, etc. In some of the specimens the male flowers were, probably quite accidentally, somewhat circinate, inducing A. Gray to suggest the name A. circinata.

EXPLANATION oF Prate LVIIL, representing A. Wilkesiana, Müll. Arg., when displaying several tints.—Fig. 1, bud of male flower; 2, male flower, open; 3, stamens :—all magnified.

6. A. insulana, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 818; petiolatis limbo 3-5-plo brevioribus ; spicis 4 elongatis gracilibus, 9 laxifloris; bracteis 9 1-floris reniformi-ovatis utrinque acute subtridentatis, dente terminali lato haud producto recurvo subretuso mucronato ; calycis 9 laciniis ovatis acuminatis ; ovario pubescente ; stylis pectinatim circ. 10-lacinulatis ; seminibus lzevibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kalabuci.”—Islands of Ovalau, Gau, Narai, and Vanua Levu, (Seemann! n. 392, 393, Milne !). Also found in Samoan Islands.

* Var. a. flavicans, Müll.l.c.; ramulis petiolis et foliis junioribus indumento densiusculo molli flavicante villosis; stipulis subulatis.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Var. B. stipularis, Müll. Arg. l.c.; ramulis petiolis costisque et costulis foliorum molliter pubescentibus ; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis.—Collected by Harvey ! and Seemann ! n. 392, pro parte.

Bark used by the natives as a remedy for rheumatism.

- Var. y. villosa, Müll. l.c.; ramulis superne cum foliis junioribus dense villosis ; foliis evolutis supra adpresso-pubescentibus subtus villosis, stipulis parvis anguste lineari-lanceolatis.— Collected by Vieillard. :

Var. 8. pubescens, Müll. Arg. l.c.; ramulis petiolis et costis foliorum molliter subvelutino- pubescentibus; limbo subtus preter costas pubescente v. glabrato ; stipulis subulatis.—Collected by Seemann ! n. 398, pro parte; Milne! U.S. Expl. Exped,

226 | FLORA VITIENSIS.

Var. e. glabrescens, Müll. l.c.; ramulis cum petiolis et costis foliorum brevissime puberulis demum plus minusve glabratis; limbo subtus preeter costas glabrato. —Collected in Viti by Seemann ! Milne! Wilkes's Exped. Also found in Samoa.

7. A. anisodonta, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 818; petiolis limbo 2-5-plo brevioribus; limbo membranaceo; stipulis elongatis setaceis; spicis 9 inferne longe nudis gracilibus laxifloris; brac- teis 9 1-floris mediocribus late ovatis 5-9-dentatis, dentibus lateralibus triangularibus acutis, infimis minimis, terminali multo majore subrotundato-obtuso; calycis 9 laciniis lanceolato-ovatis ; ovario pubescente; stylis pectinatim paucilacinulatis.

Var. a. subvillosa ; parte superiore ramulorum cum petiolis evolutis et parte inferiore costarum foliorum paginze inferioris pilis mollibus patulis in costis distiche subadpressis albis laxe villosulis ; petiolis breviusculis.—Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Var. B. subsericea ; ramulis apice cum pagina inferiore et petiolis foliorum novellorum pallide fulvo-sericeis cum petiolis glabrescentibus superne brevissime velutinis; foliis subtus basin versus in costis et parenchymate villosulis v. demum glabratis ; petiolis longiusculis.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

8. A. denudata, Müll. Arg. in DC.1. c. 819; petiolis limbo 24-6-plo brevioribus; limbo firmo; stipulis subulatis breviusculis; spicis ¢ gracillimis, 9 laxifloris; bracteis 9 subbifloris late subreni- formi-ovatis 5-9-dentatis capsulas demum longe superantibus, dentibus lateralibus triangularibus, terminali reliquis multo majore late subrotundato; calycis 9 laciniis late triangulari-ovatis ; ovario glabro; stylis pectinatim lacinuligeris.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

9. A. repanda, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 819; petiolis limbo 4-6-plo brevioribus; stipulis lanceolato-subulatis; spicis 9 inferne longe nudis laxifloris obliganthis gracilibus; bracteis 9 1- floris late reniformi-ovatis utrinque repando-2-3-dentatis v. integris capsulam duplo superantibus, dente terminali haud producto; calycis 9 laciniis ovatis acuminatis, ovario pubescente; stylis elongato-paucilacinulatis ; seminibus lzevibus.— Viti, locality uot specified (Harvey ! in Herb. Hook.).

10. A. levifolia, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 853; stipulis exiguis subulatis; petiolis limbo 2-8- plo brevioribus; limbo lzvigato ; spicis solitariis basi nudis inferne bracteas 9 paucas distantes geren- - tibus; bracteis 9 late orbiculari-ovatis repando-5-9-dentatis, dentibus integris v. hinc inde pauci-

dentatis; calycis 9 laciniis lanceolato-ovatis; stylis firmis pectinatim lacinulatis.— Vanua Levu (U.S. Expl. Exped.).

11. A, beemerioides, Miq. Fl. Neerl. Ind. Suppl. i. p. 459; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 871; folis longiuscule petiolatis; spicis sessilibus brevibus subdensifloris ; bracteis 9 1-floris fructi- geris capsulam paulo superantibus hemisphzrico-campanulatis circiter octona parte longitudinis in dentes 11-15-oblongo-ovatos sinu obtuso inter se discretos divisis ; ovario scabro et hirto; stylis 2-3- fidis; seminibus obtusis minutissime scrobiculato-scabris.— A. hispida, Bl. Bijdr. p. 628.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 389, Barclay !). Also found in Java, Banka, and the Philippine Islands.

X. Mallotus, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 781; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 956. Calyx d valvaris. Petala 0. Discusin flor. 9 O v. rarissime evolutus, in floribus ¢ 0. Stamina in centro elevato subdilatato inserta; antherz 2-rimose. Rudimentum ovarii O v. ad vestigium inconstans reduetum. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati. Fructus capsularis. Semina ecarunculata ; albumen copiosum. Cotyledones latz, radiculam longe superantes.—Arbores et frutices. Folia alterna v. opposita, 2- stipulata, brevius longiusve petiolata, penninervia v. sepius palmatinervia, basi haud raro peltata, lobata v. elobata, subtus perpaucis exceptis, glandulis disculiformibus nitentibus subaureis v. demum fuscis v. rufescentibus adspersa, et indumento ceeterum stellari v. dimorpho e pilis stellatis simplici-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 227

busque formato preedita. Flores dioici v. rarius monoici, racemosi v. spicati. Inflorescentiz præ- sertim specierum alternifoliarum terminales, szepeque autem evolutione ramulorum summorum axilla- rium spurie axillares fractæ.— Echinus, Lour. Elateriospermum, Bl. Rottlera, Roxb. Hancea, Seem.

1. M. tilizefolius, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 969; foliis longe petiolatis palmatinerviis ; racemis elongatis; bracteis ¢ sublinearibus elongatis 9 lanceolatis, laciniis calycis 9 lanceolatis; staminibus circ. 80-100; ovario 3-4-loculari tomentello ; capsulis parciuscule et breviuscule molliter echinulatis fulvo-tomentellis.— Croton tiliefolius, B. aromaticus, Lam. Encycl. vol. ii. p. 206 (non C. aromaticus, Linn.). Rotétlera tiliefolia, Bl. Bijdr. p. 607, non Decne. R. acuminata, Adr. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. p. 33 (non Adisca acuminata, Bl.) ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. vol. i. pars ii. p. 395. Rottlera Blumei, Dene. Herb. Timor. in Nouv. Annal. Mus. Paris, vol. iii. p. 486. —Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 407 ; Milne!). Also collected in Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !) and Isle of Pines (M*Gillivray !). Dispersed over China, New Ireland (Barclay !), Java, the Moluccas, and Ceylon,

XI. Cleidon, Bl. Bijdr. p. 612; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 983.. Calyx d valvaris, 9 imbricativus. Petala utriusque sexus 0. Discus utriusque sexus suppressus aut foemineus evo- lutus. Stamina in receptaculo conico inserta; verticilli accurate inter se alternantes, unde anthere in series verticales (ob connectiva aliter colorata) distinctissimas dispositee, Antherz juniores dorso circa medium oblique peltatim filamento inserte, intus loculos 4, utroque latere 2, distinctos, dein circa punctum insertioni oppositum subcruciatim aperientes et confluentes gerentes; dissepimenta loculorum persistentia. Ovarii rudimentum 0. Ovarii loculi 2-3, 1-ovulati, ante lacinias calycis 3- partiti siti, 1 anterior, bracteam spectans, v. in ovario 2-loculari laterales ante lacinias calycis (si calyx 4-partitus) exteriores siti. Fructus capsularis. Semina ecarunculata. Cotyledones ample, quam radicula multo longiores.—Frutices. Folia alterna, subulato-2-stipulata, varie petiolata, pen- ninervia, denticulata, subtus prope basin suburceolato-2-6-glandulosa. Indumentum partium sim- plex, parcum. Flores in iisdem ramis tantum unius sexus v. rarissime 2-sexuales. Flores aut inflo- rescentie axillares. Flores 9 in rhachi gracili recta, vulgo simpliciter laxe racemosi v. etiam in axilla foliorum solitarii et longe pedicellati, f interrupte glomerato-spicati v. fasciculato-racemosi v.

paniculati.

Besides the species enumerated below, there are three species of this genus in tropical Polynesia, viz. 1. C. spathulatum, Baill. ; 2. C. verticillatum, Baill. ; and 3. C. claozyloides, Müll. Arg., all from New Caledonia.

1. C, Vieillardi, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 985; floribus ¢ fasciculato-racemosis, 9 elon-

gato-racemosis v. depauperato-paniculatis; inflorescentiis inferne longe nudis; filamentis basi non dilatatis; ovario pubescente; stylis basi breviter connatis ultra medium 2-fidis papillosis ; capsulis tridymis pachydermeis. —. Var. Vitiensis, Müll. l.c. p. 986; foliis spathulato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi angustata subbi- auriculato-retusis submembranaceis serratis glabris; racemis 9 gracillimis depauperatis 1—3-floris; ovario parcissime puberulo.—Macaranga leptostachya, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1007.—Ovalau (Vieillard, n. 33, in Herb. Lenorm.; Harvey!; Seemann! n. 388).

XII. Macaranga, Pet. Thours. Gen. Madag. p. 26, n. 88; Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 987. Calyx d valvaris, 9 imbricativus. Petala utriusque sexus 0. Discus utriusque sexus 0. Stamina cen- tralia, in receptaculo convexo v. plano-convexo sita. Antheræ non regulariter in series verticales dispositæ, dorso subpeltatim fixe, 3—4-loculares ; connectivum incompletum, loculis brevius. Rudi- mentum ovarii 0; Ovarii loculi l-ovulati. Fructus capsularis. Semina non carunculata, albumi- nosa. Cotyledones late, radicula multo longiores.— Plante semper lignose. Folia vulgo alterna,

228 FLORA VITIENSIS.

sepe ampliuscule 2-stipulata, longius breviusve petiolata, basi haud raro plus minusve peltata ; limbus cæterum ambitu latior aut angustior, vulgo eo angustior quod brevius petiolatus, angustior penninervius, latior palmatim 3-7-nervius, subtus seepissime glandulis ceraceis aureis aut dein fuscis v. ferrugineis punctiformibus adspersus. Flores dioici; glomerati v. fasciculati, in spicas aut racemos axillares simplices v. paniculato-ramosos dispositi, quod numerum partium ludentes; stamina ssepius infra 15, in paucis paucissima, 3-2-1. Fructus juniores vulgo carnosuli, maturi autem capsulari- aperientes, inermes aut varie armati .—/Mappa, Adr. Juss. Tent. Euph. p. 44, t. 14, f. 44. Ricini sp. Forst. Prodr.

Besides the species enumerated below, we have the following Macarangas in tropical Polynesia, viz. 1. M. Taitensis, Müll. Arg., from Tahiti (Bidwill!) ; 2. M. Tanarius, Müll. Arg., from Tana (Capt. Cook!) ; 3. AM. Mappa, Müll. Arg. (Ricinus Mappa, Forst. Prodr. n. 356), from Tana (Forster!) ; 4. M. Grayana, Müll., from Samoa (U. S. Expl. Exped.); 5. M. stipulosa, Müll., from Samoa; 6. M. Vedeliana, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia ; 7. M. corymbosa, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 8. M. coriacea, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 9. M. Vieillardi, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; and 10. M. dioica, Müll. Arg. (Ricinis dioicus, Forst.) from Tana (Forster!) My n. 420 appears to be a new species with large membranaceous and hirsute leaves. z

1, M. secunda, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 996; stipulis triangulari-lanceolatis longe acumi- natis; paniculis d censifloris breviter pedunculatis secundis fastigiatis superne squarroso- bracteatis ; bracteis infimis sterilibus lanceolatis integris ramulorum lineari- v. anguste ovato-lanceolatis basi an- gustatis longe acuminatis inciso-dentatis apice recurvis glomerulorum florum ovatis acuminatis pecti- nato-lobatis recurvo-patulis ; floribus ¢ 4-2-andris.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. M. membranacea, Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 996 ; stipulis longissimis lanceolato-linearibus subfaleatis sensim acuminatis; limbo basi late peltato v. etiam profunde cordato.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

9. M. Harveyana, Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 998 ; stipulis magnis triangulari-lanceolatis ; flori- bus d paniculatis, 9 racemosis v. subpanieulatis; bracteis d$ parvis latis subtruncato-obtusis v. abrupte acuminatis integris, 9 inferioribus sterilibus lanceolatis integris fertilibus lanceolato-rhom- beis superne inciso-multidentatis dein cuspidato-acuminatis ; floribus ¢ circ. 12-9-andris; calyce 9 oblongo-ovoideo superne angustato subulato 5-dentato dein spathaceo-rupto ovarium tegente; ovario ceraceo-glanduloso ; stylis magnis elongatis longe acuminatis valide longeque papillosis; capsula in dorso eujusvis cocci elongata 2-6-echinata.— Mappa Harveyana, Müll. Arg. in Flora Ratisb. 1864, p. 467.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Seemann! n. 395). Also collected in Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.), Tonga (Harvey !), and Samoa (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

4. M. Seemanni, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 999 ; limbo foliorum latissime peltato ; sti- pulis magnis lanceolatis subscariosis; floribus d glomerato-paniculatis, 9 paniculatis ; bracteis d e basi ampliata obovato-lanceolatis apice et margine grosse glanduligeris integris, staminibus 9-6; ovario inermi glanduloso-scabro; capsulis parvis ; seminibus globosis tuberculato-asperis.— Viti Levu (See- mann, n. 397, 419, Harvey !). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook ! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

A tree, 30 feet high. ui

5. M. macrophylla, (n. sp.) Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1001; foliorum limbo profunde cordato v. peltato; paniculis ? amplis ; rhachi angulosa; bracteis brevissimis ovatis integris; calyce 9 turbi- nato-obconico late aperto margine integro basi sensim in pedicellum abeunte ; ovario ellipsoideo basi stipitiformi-angustato inermi brevissime fulvo-tomentello; stigmatibus in corpusculum apicem ovarii breviter calyptratim tegens fuscum connatis.—Mappa macrophylla, A. Gray in Herb. Kew. ex Seem. Bonpl. 1861, p. 258. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Mavu.” —Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 396).

A tree, the wood of which is used for temples, and the gum it exudes for arrows,—at least I take two phrases in the Fijian Dictionary to mean that,—* E dau drega ni gasau; a kau ni bure kalou.” -

FLORA VITIENSIS. 229

XIII. Ricinus, Tournef. Inst. p. 532. t. 307, 1719; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1016. Calyx utriusque sexus valvaris. Petala et discus utriusque sexus 0. Stamina in receptaculo plano-convexo (oc) in fasciculos distinctos oc-andros superne multoties dichotome ramosos connata ; antherz 2-locu- lares, didymo-globoss, tota longitudine dorso adnate. Rudimentum ovarii 0. Ovarii loculi 1- ovulati, l anterior bracteam spectans. Fructus capsularis. Semina carunculata, copiose albuminosa. Albumen oleosum. Cotyledones ample. Radicula brevis.— Planta arborescens, speciosissima, macrophylla, glabra. Folia 4-3-pedalia, alterna, longe petiolata, peltata, palmatinervia, palmatim 7-11-lobata, dentata, herbacea, membranacea ; petioli pagina superiore ob margines confluentes obso- leta teretes facti, in linea ventrali s. suturali marginum tuberculis subglanduliformibus onusti. Flores monoici, in racemos contracto-paniculiformes, inferne d , superne 9 , terminales v. innovatione ramorum lateralium suboppositifolios factos dispositi, majusculi, numerosi, myriandri, 1-bracteati, opposite 2-bracteolati; bracteolarum axillz aut steriles aut altera alternatim fertilis aut ramulum continuans, unde evolutio ramorum racemi circinalis. Pedicelli cirea medium articulati.

1. R. communis, Linn.; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1017.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Bele ni papalagi” (i.e. foreign Bele, Bele being Hibiscus esculentus, Linn., which the Ricinus somewhat re- sembles in leaf).—Naturalized in many parts of Viti (Seemann! n. 401). Also collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay !).

The Castor-oil plant does not exist in the older collections, nor is it alluded to by the older botanists as found in any part of tropical Polynesia. I saw it far in the interior of Viti Levu. No oil is as yet ex- tracted from the seeds.

XIV. Manihot, Plum. Cat. 20, pro parte; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.e. p. 1057. Calyx utriusque sexus imbricativus. Petala suppressa. Discus utriusque sexus evolutus, florum d intrastaminalis ; lobi laciniis calycis oppositi. Stamina in receptaculo haud elevato circa discum inserta, interiora cum laciniis calycis alternantia. Antherz 2-rimosz. Ovarii loculi 1-ovulati, 1 posterior, 2 antico- laterales, bracteam spectantes. Fructus capsularis. Semina carunculata. Cotyledones latz.— Plante herbaceze, grandes, raro arbores, vulgo inferne brevius v. longius lignescentes v. omnino herbaceze, nunc tuberosz, seepius glabræ et glaucescentes. Folia in sinu baseos sepe leviter retror-

sum peltato-producta.

1. M. palmata, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 1062 ; inflorescentiis ex ima basi divisis longirameis panieuliformibus; bracteis parvis lanceolatis; calyce extus glabro evoluto majusculo; antheris pluries longioribus quam latis; disco filamentis et connectivis glabris; ovario levius costulato-angu- loso; capsulis subglobosis exalatis superne leviter angulosis.

Var. Aipi, Müll. Arg. ; foliis 5- (7-3-) partitis; laciniis obovato-lanceolatis v. elliptico-lanceolatis subtus plus minusve glaucis. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Yabia ni papalagi” (i.e. foreign arrow-root). —Cultivated by the white settlers on account of its edible root (Seemann ! n. 399).

This plant is quite a recent introduction, and the natives have as yet not taken to its cultivation. Captain Bedford Pim, in his * Gate of the Pacifie London, 1863, p. 77, publishes a note on it, which has a direct bearing on Polynesia :—“ Intoxication is common at certain seasons amongst the Indians of Nicaragua. The liquor is made from the cassava, in the same manner as Cook found the Sandwich and other South Sea Islanders making ava or kava; it is chewed by the women, after boiling the roots; about one- third is chewed, the rest pounded ; then hot water and cane-juice is poured upon it, and after two days’ fermentation it is ready. It looks like buttermilk, and is sour, but very strong. Can there be any philo- logical connection between the American terms ‘ Cassava’ or * Kasava’ and the Polynesian * Kava’ or ‘ Ava,’ supposed to be derived from the Sanscrit * Kasya’ (= intoxicating beverages)? Strange to add, preparing an intoxicating liquor from the cassava, or yuka (Manihot Aipi, Pohl), is also practised in the interior of

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1867.] 2H

230 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Peru, where the Indians call it ‘ Masato.’ Antonio Raimondy, in his ‘ Apuntes sobre la Provincia litoral de Loreto ' (Lima, 1862, p. 132), gives a circumstantial account of it which, from its ethnological importance, ought to be compared with the description of the preparation of kava furnished by Dr. Seemann in his ‘Viti’ (London, 1862), p. 327: ‘“In order to get an idea of the way in which this beverage (masato) is pre- pared,” ° says Raimondy, ‘ * it is necessary to enter for a moment one of the great houses of the heathens of Ucayali on the eve of a great festival. On one side are seen several half-naked women seated on the floor around a heap of yucas, and occupied in peeling the skin off them. On the other side is a woman busy in putting the cleaned roots in a huge pot. After this has been done, a small quantity of water is put in the pot, the yucas are covered over with leaves, and then boiled. When boiled, they are mashed. . . . Advanced to this state, the most important, and at the same time most disgusting operation is proceeded with. The women, and in some instances the men also, sit down once more in a cirele around the mashed yucas, taking large handfuls of it in their mouths, which they chew without swallowing until completely saturated with saliva and almost become liquid. In this state the filthy mass is spit out, and the operation repeated until the required quantity is prepared. After this a small portion of mashed yuca is mixed and kneaded with the chewed mass and then put into the pots, which are covered up till fermentation sets in. The saliva contained in the mashed yuca produces fermentation, changes the starch into sugar, and the sugar into aleohol—a process which, according to the state of the temperature and the existing quantity of saliva, takes place in two, three, or four days. This fermented mass accompanies the Indians on all their journeys. When wish- ing to prepare from it their disgusting beverage, it is dissolved with a little water." ' ”

XV. Jatropha, Linn. Gen. Plant. ed. i. p. 288; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1076. Calyx utriusque sexus imbricativus. Petala utriusque sexus cum laciniis calycis alternantia, evoluta aut suppressa. Disci glandulee laciniis calycis opposite, cum petalis aut earum loco vacuo alternantes. Stamina centralia, exteriora petalis aut eorum loco vacuo opposita ; antherze 2-rimosc ; loculi inferne liberi, paulo infra medium inserti. Rudimentum ovarii 0. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati, 1 posticus. Fructus capsularis. Semina carunculata. Cotyledones complanate, late, palmatinerviee ; radicula brevis.— Plante frutescentes, partibus preter caulem plus minusve herbacez v. omnino herbacez, grandes, rarius arborescentes. Folia alterna, 2-stipulata, vulgo longe petiolata, integra v. lobata, margine caeterum integra v. dentata, palmatinervia, membranacea. Flores sepissime monoici, vulgo corymboso-paniculati ; panicula; 2-sexuales, dichotome ramoss, in dichotomiis flores 9 proferentes. —Curcas, Adans. Loureiria, Cav.

l. J. Curcas, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. i. p. 1006; Jacq. Hort. Vind. vol. iii. p. 36. t. 63; Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 1080; cymis longe pedunculatis subalternatim brevirameis compacto-multifloris ; bracteis lanceolatis majusculis; calycis d laciniis ovatis obtusis, 9 lanceolatis acuminatis; petalis lanceolato-ellipticis ‘calycem 4 bis squantibus usque ad medium cohzrentibus intus lanatis, fila- mentis exterioribus fere omnino liberis ; ovario glabro sensim in columnam stylarem brevem stigma- tibus multo breviorem abeunte ; stigmatibus 2-fidis; capsula carnosa magna.— Curcas purgans, Med. Ind. Plant. Hort. Manhem. vol. i. p. 90. C. Indica, A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. vol. iii. p. 208.

Castiglionia lobata, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. p. 139. t. 37.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ‘“ Uto ni papalagi.”

—Lakeba and Ovalau (Seemann ! n. 400). i : »

The Physic-nut plant was introduced from the Tongan Islands, and is now extensively used for living fences. The oleaceous medicinal properties of the seeds have not as yet been turned to account by the natives. : ;

XVI. Codiæum, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 68. t. 25-27 ; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 1116. Calyx utriusque sexus imbricativus. Petala cum laciniis calycis et cum glandulfs disci extrastami- nalis alternantia (utriusque sexus evoluta aut florem ? rudimentaria aut omnino suppressa). Stamina in receptaculo elevato inserta, centralia; antheræ 2-rimose. Rudimentum ovarii 0. Ovarii loculi l-ovulati, cum laciniis calycis interioribus (si calyx 5-merus) alternantes. Fructus capsularis. Semina carunculata.—Arbores v. frutices. Folia opposita v. sæpius alterna, penninervia, integra.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 231

. Flores monoici. Inflorescentize terminales aut axillares, racemiformes v. rarius umbelliformes, 2- ' sexuales v. rarius 1-sexuales.— PAyl/aurea, Lour. Baloghia, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 84. Crozophore sp., Labill. .

Besides the widely diffused C. variegatum, we have, in tropical Polynesia, the following species, viz.

1. C. lucidum, Müll. Arg. (Baloghia lucida, Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 84, et Gen. Plent. Illustr. t. 122, 123), from New Caledonia (Forster! Capt. Cook !), Norfolk Island, and north-east coast of New Holland; 2. C. (?) ca- runculatum, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 3. C. alternifolia, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 4. C.(?) Pancheri, Müll. Arg., from New Caledonia; 5. C. Inophylium, Müll. Arg. (Crozophora peltata, Labill. € Ansin Caled. t. 75. Croton Inophyllum, Forst. Prodr. n. 355), from New Caledonia (Forster! nderson !).

l. C. variegatum, Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1119; cicatricibus foliorum disciformibus ; inflo- rescentiis longissimis; ovario glabro.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Sacasaca."— Occurs as underwood in the larger islands, and also frequently cultivated for ornamental purposes by the natives (Seemann ! n. 409, 410, 411). Also found in Tana (Forster ! Anderson! Barclay !), and Malicolo (Forster !), and other Polynesian islands. Widely diffused in the East Indies and the Archipelago.

Var. a. pictum, Müll. 1. c.; foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis basi plus minusve cordatis 15-3-plo longioribus quam latis pulchre fusco-roseo-luteo-viridi-variegatis.—Codieum pictum, Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 3051. Croton pictus, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 870. Ricinus pictus, Noronha, ex

Hassk. Hort. Bog. p. 237. Cultivated by the natives.

Var. 8. Moluccanum, Müll. 1.c.; foliis longius breviusve petiolatis latius v. angustius spathu- latis basi acutis apice breviter acuminatis. Hee occurrit :—a. latifolium; foliis vulgo brevius petio- latis obovato-spathulatis 8-4-plo v. rarius 5-plo longioribus quam latis.—C. chrysosticton latifolium, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 66. n. 2 et n. 5. C. Moluccanum, Decaisne, Herb. Timor. in Nouv. Annal. du Museum, vol. iii. p. 485; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. yol. i. pt: ii. p. 383. C. cuneifolium, Zip. ex Span. in Linnea, 1841, p. 348. C. obovatum, Zoll. in Fl. Ratisb. 1847, p. 663. C. Timorense, Adr. Juss. Tent. Euph. p. 34 (nomen). Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Sacasaca loa.” Cultivated by the natives. (Seemann ! n. 409.)

Var. y. genuinum, Müll. 1.c.; foliis latius angustiusve lanceolatis utrinque equaliter angustatis acutiusculis v. obtusis basi haud cordatis.—Croton variegatus, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. iii. p. 1424; Lam. Encycl. vol. ii. p. 203. C. bractiferus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 680. C. Baliospermum, Span. in Linnea, 1841, p. 348. Codieum chrysosticton, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iii. p. 866. C. medium, Baill. Rec. d'Obs. Bot. vol. i. p. 348.— Wild in the larger islands.

A great many varieties and subvarieties of this species are cultivated for ornamental purposes, by the natives of Viti, all of which have distinguishing names. Myn. 411, Mueller's genuinum, subvariety angusti- folium, is termed “ Vasa damu ;" my n. 409, * Sacasacaloa." The most singular form is my n. 410 (Mueller's genuinum, subvariety teniosum), where the blade of the leaf is in parts reduced to the mere midrib.

4 XVII. Carumbium, Reinw. Cat. Hort. Buitenz. p. 105, 1823 ; Müll. Arg. in DC.1 c. p. 1143. Calyces 4 a dorso et ventre compressi, ? haud compressi. Laciniæ aut sepala calycis d sestivatione imbricativa. Petala O0. Discus 0. Stamina centralia, receptaculo compresso breviter conico-con- vexo inserta; anthers 2-rimosz. Rudimentum ovarii 0. Ovarii loculi 1-ovulati. Fructus indehis- cens. Semina ecaruneulata.—Arbores. Folia alterna, longe petiolata, 2-stipulata v. connato-1- stipulata, vulgo late rhombeo-ovata, rarius elliptica, palmiti- v. rarius penninervia, szepe iis populorum quoad ambitum similia; basi supra v. rarius subtus tuberculato-2-glandulosa. Stipulz szepius elon- gate, subscariose. Inflorescentiz terminales, spiciformes, vulgo 2-sexuales ; bractez 2-glandulose, inferiores flores 9 reliquz ¢ gerentes, 1-oo-florze.— Duania, Noronh. Omalanthus, Adr. Juss. Homalanthus, Bartl. Dibrachion, Regel, Gartenfl. t. 504.

*

282

232 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Besides the species enumerated below, we have, in tropical Polynesia :—1. C. acuminatum, Müll., from Samoa; 2. C. Merenhoutianum, Müll. (Croton populneum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 334, "et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 107. ‘“ Bobo” of the Tahitians), from Tahiti (Banks and Solander!); and 3. C. polyandrum, Müll., from the Kermadec Islands (Milne!, M‘Gillivray !).

]. C. nutans, Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. 1146; limbo foliorum basi subtus 2-glanduloso; racemis tenellis ; bracteis minutis late ovatis; sepalo anteriore reniformi posteriore obsoleto; antheris sub- quadriserialibus cum filamentis scabridulis; fructu ellipsoideo utrinque breviter acuminato parvulo.— Croton nutans, Forst. Prodr. n. 354, et Icon. (ined.) t. 260. Stillingia nutans, Geisel. Crot. Monogr. p. 80; Endl. Flor. d. Südseeins. p. 184. Omalanthus pedicellatus, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 282. Carumbium pedicellatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. i. pt. ii. p. 414.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “Tadano.”—Viti Levu, common (Seemann! n. 402, Milne!, Harvey !), Gau (Milne!) Also collected in New Caledonia (Sir E. Home !), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Tana (Anderson !), and Society and Tongan Islands (Forster !, Barclay !, Harvey !).

The leaves of this plant are, like those of Solanum anthropophagorum, eaten at cannibal feasts as a vegetable.

XVIII. Stillingia, Garden in Linn. Mant. vol. i. p. 19. n. 1279, 1767 ; Müll. Arg. in DC. 1. c. p. 1155. Calycis laciniz utriusque sexus imbricative. Petala et discus utriusque sexus 0. Stamina in receptaculo haud elevato centralia; anthere 2-rimose. Rudimentum ovarii O. Ovarii loculi 1- ovulati, 1 anterior. Fructus capsularis; columella centralis rudimentaria, ejus loci receptaculum in carpidophorum 3-cornutum horizontaliter evolutum. Semina carunculata, albuminosa; chalaza basi - sita. Albumen basi truncata fixum. Embryo verticalis; cotyledones late, radienlam bene zequantes. —Frutices v. suffrutices. Folia 2-stipulata, alterna v. rarius opposita, penninervia, margine glandu- loso-denticulata et insuper szpius margine glandulas parvas patelliformes gerentia. Flores monoici, spicati v. spicato-racemosi. Spice terminales v. laterales; basi flores 1-3 fcemineos gerentes, cæteræ mascule. Bracteæ 2- glandulosæ, 9 l-floræ, d sæpius 2-3-floree.

1. S. Pacifica, Müll. Arg. in DC. l. c. p. 1156; costis secundariis dense approximatis, glan- dulis bractearum demum pluries longioribus quam latis quasi longitrorsum adnatis semicylindricis, floribus sessilibus.—Island of Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped., Sir E. Home! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).

XIX. Excecaria, Linn. Gen. Plant. n. 1102; Müll. Arg. in DC. Le. p. 1201. Calycis lacinie utriusque sexus imbricativze (masculz evolutze v. plus minusve reductz). Petala et discus utriusque sexus 0. Stamina centralia; antherze 2-rimosz; loculi longitrorsum adnati. Ovarii rudi- mentum 0, Loculi ovarii l-ovulati. Styli haud laminiformi-compressi. Fructus maturus capsu- lari-aperiens (siccus aut carnosus), columella centrali evoluta munitus. Semina ecarunculata ; chalaza basilaris. Embryo verticalis; cotyledones latz.— Arbores et frutices. Folia scepissime alterna, in paucis opposita, 2-stipulata, petiolata, penninervia v. rarius palmatinervia, firma, ambitu et margine varia. Flores monoici v. rarius dioici, in spicas sæpissime 2-sexuales, basi flores vulgo

1-2 9 rarius numerosiores gerentes czeterum d nunc terminales nunc axillares dispositi -—Commia, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 605 et 742. e

Imperfect specimens of a plant (my n. 414), collected at Namosi, Viti — have been referred with a mark of doubt to this genus by Dr. Mueller.

l. E. Agallocha, Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1451; Müll. Arg. in DC. l.c. p. 1220 ; bracteis dense imbricatis latis brevibus truncatis margine subintegro excepto glanduloso-incrassatis ; calycis g

FLORA VITIENSIS. 233

sessilis 2-bracteolati laciniis lineari-lanceolatis basi lacero-dentatis.—Lam. Illustr. t. 805 ; Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norf. p. 82* ; Ferd. Bauer, Plant. Norf. t. 182 (ex Endl. 1. c.)* Commia Cochinchinensis, Lour. Flor. Cochineh. ed. Willd. p. 743. Ezcecaria*affinis, Endl. Prodr. Flor. Norf. p. 88 (ex icone Baueriana). Stillingia Agallocha, Baill. Étud. Gén. Euphorb. p. 518. t. 7. f. 31-34. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Sinu gaga ” (i. e. poisonous Sinn).—On_the seabeach of most of the Vitian Islands. Also collected in Tonga (Capt. Cook! Sir E. Home!), New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), and Norfolk Island. Diffused over N.E. New Holland, Ceylon, India, and the Archipelago and Cochinchina.

The Sinu gaga (Exwezcaria Agallocha, Linn.) or poison Sinu, called so in contradistinction to the Sinu damu (Drymispermum Burnettianum, Seem.) and the Sinu mataivi (Wikstremia Indica, C. A. Meyer), both of which, like the Sinu gaga, are littoral plants, is a tree, contact with which is avoided by the Fijians. It is found in mangrove swamps or on dry ground, just above high-water mark. It is sixty feet high, has a glossy foliage, oblong leaves, and small green flowers arranged in spikes. It is difficult to exter- minate, for unless the stumps are taken up, innumerable young shoots spring up as soon as the main stem is felled. When the tree is wounded, abundance of white milky juice flows, which produces a burn- ing effect on coming in contact with the skin. Some natives, however, can handle this poisonous juice with perfect impunity (era sinu dranw), analogous to what I witnessed in the Manzanillo or Manchineel tree of tropical America, the sap of which caused me the greatest agony after it had accidentally entered my eyes, and never raised even as much as a blister on being allowed to dry on the hands of a travelling companion. The smoke of the burning wood affects the eyes with intolerable pain, exactly as that of the Manchineel tree does, (of which I gave an instance in the * Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald.’ vol. i.

. 141,—one of our boat’s crew becoming blind for several days after lighting a fire with Manchineel wood). Only those, like myself, who have been sufferers from the effect of these poisons, can form any adequate conception of the agonies endured, and the courage displayed, by a Fijian who voluntarily submits him- self to being cured of leprosy by the smoke of the Sinu gaga wood. The Rev. W. Moore, of Rewa, was well acquainted with Wiliami Lawaleou, a young man who underwent the process of being smoked. Mr. Moore gave me the particulars of this remarkable case, when I was his guest in 1860, and he has also published: a full account of it in the * Wesleyan Missionary Notices, Sydney, 1859, p. 157. After stating that he knew Wiliami as a fine healthy young fellow, Mr. Moore was surprised to find him one day © so much altered by the effects of leprosy. Some time after he again met him full of health, and, on inquiry, learnt the treatment adopted to bring about this change. Taken toa small empty house, the leper is stripped of every article of clothing, his body rubbed all over with green leaves, and then buried in them. - ‘A small fire is then kindled, and a few pieces of the Sinu gaga laid on it. As soon as the thick black smoke begins to ascend, the leper is bound hand and foot, a rope fastened to his heels, by means of which he is drawn up over the fire, so that his head is some fifteen inches from the ground, in the midst of the poison- ous smoke. The door is then closed and his friends retire a little distance, whilst the poor sufferer is left to ery and shout and plead from the midst of the suffocating stream ; but he is often allowed to remain for hours, and finally he taints away. When he is thought sufficiently smoked the fire is removed, the slime scraped from the body, and deep gashes cut into the skin until the blood flows freely. The leper is now taken down and laid on his mats to await the result. In some cases death—in many, life and health. Wiliami had undergone this fearful process. He had taken some of the youths of the place, and on his way to the smoking-house told them his pitiable condition, his shame as an outeast, and his willingness to suffer anything to obtain a cure, and much would depend on their firmness. They were not to be moved by his groans and cries, and, for the love they bore him, he begged them to do ¢he operation well, and threatened to punish them if they performed it only half. Imagine the scene! They proceed to the lonely house. Wiliami’s companions, as much afraid of overdoing as underdoing their sad task, leave the poor leper drawn up by the heels in the midst of a thick black smoke ; they retire to some distance, and presently are horrified by his piteous cries and groans. Some weep, some run home, others rush into the smoking-house to take him down; but, with Spartan-like endurance, he commands them not to terminate his suffering until the process is complete. At last they take him down—he is faint and exhausted—the operation has been successful. Wiliami is no longer a léper, but again walks God's earth a healthy man.

B ER Nt He “6

284 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Ordo XXXI. URTICACEA.

Susorpo I. ULMACEZE.

Represented in tropical Polynesia by Celtis paniculata, Planch. (Solenostigma paniculatum, Ehdl.), from Norfolk Island (Bauer, Forster! which has eaducou$ stipules), Celtis pacifica, Planch., from Nukahiwa (Matthews in Herb. Hook.), and Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook!), and the species mentioned below.

The genus Zuptelia was, and by some authors still is referred to this suborder, though it constitutes, together with Trochodendron, a new Natural Order, far removed from Urticacee. The whole question has been well summed up by Dr. Eichler (Seemann’s ‘ Journal of Botany,’ vol. iii. p. 150) in these words :— * A few weeks after I sent my paper * On the Structure of the Wood of Drimys and rochodendron, and the Systematic Position of the latter Genus’ to the editor of the ‘ Flora,’ but before the paper was printed, (Sept. 17, 1864,) there appeared in the August number of the second volume of the * Journal of Botany, British and Foreign,’ the first part of Dr. B. Seemann’s ‘ Revision of the Natural Order Hederacee.’ In this paper that author dwells, amongst other things, on the systematic position of Zrochodendron (p. 237, seq.), a genus which Bentham and Hooker fil. had referred to Araliacee. Dr. Seemann controverts their view, places Trochodendron once more near Winteracee, allies it with Huptelia, Sieb. et Zuce., and is in- clined to regard both genera as ‘the first known members’ of a new Natural Order, that of T'rochodendrez. Dr. Seemann has thus partly anticipated me, as, in the paper alluded to, I had also advocated the propriety of ‘leaving Trochodendron near Winteracee, but separated from them, until further discoveries should bring to light either connecting links or forms which might vindicate the independence of a group of plants of equal importance with the last-named (Winteracee).’ That both of us should have arrived, independently, at the same conclusions is a source of satisfaction to me, and may be regarded as a certain proof of their correctness. It was impossible for me to know, when writing my paper, that such a discovery, enabling Dr. Seemann to advocate the establishment of the Natural Order Trochodendree, had actually come to light in the carpological structure of Huptelia. This genus, established by Zuccarini upon a Japanese species discovered by Siebold, (‘Flora Japonica,’ p. 133, t. 72,) was referred by its author to Ulmacee, in accor- dance with its then known anthological characters; but, on account of its numerous disconnected carpels, it occupied in that Order an isolated position. A second species in ripe fruit was afterwards discovered by Griffith in Assam. At first sight this was not identified with .Eupfelia, and strangely enough, in the pre- liminary arrangement of the specimens, was also referred to Ulmacee, where it remained till recently more carefully examined by the celebrated authors of the * Flora Indica, Drs. Hooker and Thomson. 1t was found that Zuccarini was wrong in placing Zuptelia, with its large quantity of albumen and minute embryo; in Ulmaceæ, and that its true relationship had to be sought for in the neighbourhood of Win- teracez. Hooker and Thomson's article ‘On the Genus Euptelia was published in No. 28 of the * Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ which, though appearing early in 1864, did not reach Munich till the autumn, so that when writing my paper I could have no knowledge of it." .

* As already mentioned, Dr. Seemann declares Eupteiia to be closely allied to, Trochodendron, and both genera to be the first-known members of a new Natural Order. After examining the authentie specimens of both genera existing in the Academical Herbarium at Munich, I fully concur in his view; and, as the subject has been mooted, I will briefly refer to the Natural Order constituted by the two genera, and the characters in which they agree and differ. In the first instance, we have in both genera the same habit, an erect shrubby or arborescent growth; alternate, simple, penninerved, exstipulate leaves, with a serration, the points of which are glandulose (a peculiarity which Zuecarini overlooked in Zrochodendron) ; leaf and flower-buds are covered with protecting scales ; there is an indeterminate (racemose or cymose) inflores- cence, and scaly bracts. With regard to the structure of flowers and fruit, both agree in the total absence . of a perigonium, in the indefinite number of stamens and their strueture, and in the indefinite number of the earpels, and also in the cireumstance that they are arranged around the very short floral axis in a single whorl. They have further in common the anatropous ovule, affixed on the ventral suture, with a downwards- bent raphe (* ovulum epitropum," Agardh) ; and, finally, the same relative size of testa, albumen, and embryo. On the other hand, their differences are such that we can easily find analogues in allied Natural Orders. The polygamous, or rather monoicious nature of Euptelia, as contrasted with the hermaphrodite one of Tro- chodendron, we have in a similar manner in the genus Drimys, the section Tasmania of which agrees in this respect with Huptelia. The separation of the carpels in Zupfelia, whilst they are connate in the ovary of

Trochodendron, is a common occurrence in all allied Orders. The development of the points of the carpels in a wing, and the indehiscence of the fruit in Euptelia, have their analogy in Liriodendron, whilst Trocho- dendron would agree with those species of Zalawma where a septicidal separation of the different carpels s accompanied by a splitting of the ventral suture. The polyspermous condition of Trochodendron agrees with Drimys, whist Euptelia, with one or a few ovules, reminds us of Illicium, the nearest ally of Drimys.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 235

Other important differences have not been observed. All this leaves no doubt that the two genera in question are indeed more closely related to each other than they are to any allied Order, and that they possess that degree of affinity which justifies us in regarding them as belonging to one and the same Natural Order.”

“ Under these circumstances, the establishment of the independent Natural Order Trochodendree, to be ranged with the other Polycarpee, appears to be perfectly justified, and as, in comparing them with the other Polycarpee, we have merely to keep in mind the Magnoliacee, Winteracee, and Schizandree, we ob- tain absolute differential characters, and a distinct habit. We may be allowed to lay considerable stress upon the want of floral envelopes, this character being constant also in Ewpfelia. We must also attach im- portance to the epitropous nature of the ovules (to which Agardh justly assigns great systematie value), meeting with it in Trochodendree, and not finding it in the three Orders with which we have compared them. If we add to these the differences which they respectively present, as, for instance, the want of stipules as contrasted with Magnoliacee (quite apart from the spathe-like development, the lower and higher leaf- formation of this Natural Order), and the want of oil-cells, so widely diffused in the Winteracee and Schi- zandree, even in their foliage and bark,—if, finally, we take into consideration the distinct habit of the Tro- chodendree as expressed by their serrated leaves, we shall have good evidence in favour of the above con- clusions.”

“ It remains for me to express my thanks to Dr. Seemann, for kindly reminding me to examine the structure of the wood of Hupfelia, with the view of ascertaining how far it agreed with that of Trochoden- dron described in my paper. In complying with his wish, I found that Euptelia had the usual structure of deciduous woods,—a close dotted prosenchyma, traversed by numerous net-like vessels without any ob- servable peculiarities, and without any special characteristics agreeing with those of Zrochodendron. We have here the same evident differences of anatomical structure as in the allied Winteracea between Illicium and Drimys, and an additional proof that botanical affinities and internal structure do not always go together." ;

I. Sponia, Comm. mss. ex Lamk. Dict. vol. iv. p. 188; Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3me Sér. t. x. p. 264. Flores polygami, 3-morphi. Fl.4: Perianthium 5-partitum, laciniis zestivatione sub- valvato-induplicatis, marginibus tamen leviter quincunciatim-imbricatis. Antherse demum ex- serte, loculis basi non conspicue gibbosis, rimis dehiscentiz introrsis. Fl. d : Perianthii fere masculi laciniis minus induplicato-valvatis et minus concavis; eztera d et 9. Fl. 2: Perianthii lacinize vix .explanate, basi imbricatze, apicibus non valvato-conniventibus. Bacca minuta, stylis 2 brevibus, plumoso-stigmatosis coronata, perianthio suffulta. Cotyledones falcato-conduplicate, carnosule, non corrugate.—Arbores inermes; folis trinerviis sepe canescenti- v. cinereo-pubescentibus, serratis ; cymis axillaribus in axillis foliorum adultorum et novellorum solitariis v. geminis, aliis in ramulo eodem masculis, aliis polygamis; foemineis sepius in ramulis propriis; pedicellis conspicue articulatis, articulis a sese invicem facile secedentibus.— Done. Descrip. Herb. Timor. p. 170.

Besides the two species enumerated below, there is, in tropical Polynesia, S. discolor, Dene. (Celtis

discolor, Brongn., C. orientalis, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 345, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 115, * Ea-uhe," Tahitensibus), from the Society Islands (Banks amd Solander! Forster ! *

Barclay !).

1. S. velutina, Planch. l.c. p. 327; ramis novellis foliisque subtus molliter velutinis, in- dumento in novellis splendente; foliis ovato-oblongis cuspidatis, basi leviter insequali cordatis v. rotundatis, margine serratis, supra puncticulis creberrimis asperis; cymis (d, 9, d que), breve peduneulatis v. subsessilibus, petiolum eequantibus v. fere duplo superantibus, oo-floris; flori- bus d extus sparse pilosulis ; bacca ovata, apicem rarius pilis paucis albis conspersa, ezterum gla- berrima.—Lakeba (Seemann ! n. 563). Also found on Uvea or Wallis Island (Greeffe! n. 37), and in the East Indies, the Indian Archipelago, and China. s

2. S. Andersonii, Planch. l. c. p. 336; ramulis crassis petiolisque tenuiter sericeis, demum einereo-pubescentibus ; stipulis dimidiato-ovato-lanceolatis, petiolum equantibus; foliis ovato-

236 FLORA VITIENSIS.

oblongis acuminatis, basi æquali v. subaequali leviter cordatis v. rotundatis, crenulato-serrulatis, novellis utrinque sericeis, adultis ovato-glabrescentibus, supra puncticulato-pilosulis (albumen sub- levibus); cymis d densifloris, perianthii (fl. 4) laciniis concavis, conspicue imbricatis ; cymis 9 paucifloris petiolo brevioribus; bacca parva ovata glaberrima.— Celtis orientalis, Forst. Prodr. n. 394, et Herb. C. glabrata, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 345. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, “ Ea-erhe páio."—Common all over Viti (Seemann! n. 562). Also collected in Tana (W. Anderson, a.p. 1774, Barclay !), Society Islands (Forster! Banks and Solander !), and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

II. Gironniera, Gaud. Voy. de la Bonite, t. 85. Flores dioici (? saltem diclines in ramulis di- versis). Fl. 4: Perianthium 4-partitum, laciniis subrotundis zestivatione valde imbricatis. Stamina 4. Fl. ¢: Perianthium maris, sed majus. Nux sicca, lenticularis, adpressa, strigulosula, perianthio per- sistente suffulta. Styli 2, basi in 1 brevem confluentes, caeterum filiformes, longi, undique papillis piliformibus brevibus stigmatosi, persistentes.—Frutices v. arbores inermes, foliis penninerviis inte- gerrimis v. denticulatis, stipulis liberis majusculis folium terminale gemmaceum densissime seri- ceum primo velantibus, illo sese explicante, caducis; floribus d minutis in glomerulos (revera cymulas contractas) collectis, glomerulis dispositis in racemum axillarem sæpius ad basin in ramos 3 divisum, alterum brevissimum, 2 inzqualiter elongatos; florum 9 cyma contracta dein ramosissima v. laxa, subracemiforme depauperata.—Nemostigma, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. t. x. p. 265 et 338.

1. G. celtidifolia, Gaud. l. c. t. 85 ; Planch. I. c. 340; arborea ; foliis magnis oblongis acute brevique cuspidatis, basi oblique cordatis, margine revoluto remote denticulatis, subtus secus nervos strigosis ; nucibus parvis, pluribus in cymam confertissime ramosam densam collectis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Nunu."— Island of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 423). Also found in the Philippine Islands (Cuming ! n. 870). :

The fruit of the Nunu is said to be eaten in famine (see * Feejéean and English Dictionary,’ Vewa, Feejes, p. 319).

Susongnpo Il. URTICEA.

Besides the genera enumerated below, the following have been met with in tropical Polynesia, but as yet not in Viti, viz. 1. Urtica, represented by U. Sandwichensis, Wedd., in the Sandwich Islands (Maerae !). 2. Urera, represented by U. glabra, Wedd., in the Sandwich Islands (Captain Cook! Macrae !), and U. Sand- wichensis, Wedd. (Villeburnea crenulata, Gaud. Bonit. t. 92), also a native of the Hawaiian group. 3. Pilea, represented by P. peploides, Hook. et Arn., in the Sandwich Islands (Seemann! n. 2261,Gaudichaud!). 4. Ze- canthus, represented by L. Solandri, (n. sp.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Dorstenia oppositifolia, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) t. 322, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 96. en vernac. Tahitense, “ Pirhi papa ” v. “ Pilki pupa,” teste Solander); glabra ; foliis ovalibus obtusis integerrimis interdum basi subcordatis ; floribus masculis 4-meris (albidis). .Tahiti (Banks and Solander!). Seems to be perfectly dis- tinct from the well-known L. Wrightit, Wedd. Solander gives the following description of it :—-* Planta herbacea, parasitica, supra radices arborum forte annua, tota succulenta, levis, vix pedalis. Caulis basi sspe per spatium 3-unciale decumbens, ubi radices fibrosas oo subtus excrescens ibique smpe crassitie digiti minimi, dein erectus, teres, glaber, ramosissimus. Rami oppositi, cauliformes. Folia opposita, petiolata, ovalia, obtusa, integerrima, interdum basi parum cordata, glabra, levia, succulenta, enervia, uncialia. Petioli foliis duplo breviores. Flores omnes collecti in receptaculo carnoso subrotundo, planiusculo, parum convexo, magnitudine unguis, terminali sessili, sub quo paria 2 suprema foliorum receptaculo adnata que involucrum formant. d Flores pauciores in eodem receptaculo cum femineis, sed supra illos elevati, pe- dicellis filiformibus sepe 3 lineas longis. Calyx 0. Corolla 1-petala, campanulata, herbacea, subpellucida, sesquilinearis, 4-fida; lacinie ovate, apice parum incrassate, subbicornes; corymbis brevissimis erectis. Filamenta 4, fundo corolle adnata, filiformia, plana, pellucida, corolla fere duplo longiora, divergentia, ante explicationem geniculo-inflexa duplicata, dein elastica exsilientia. Anthere ovate, didyme, albide.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 237

*

9 Flores numerosiores, in eodem receptaculo eum masculis, subsessiles. Calyx 2-phyllus seu 2-valvis, valvula exterior multo major, paulo supra lineam longa, erecta, obtusa, carinata, concava, oblonga, apice sub- fornicata, incrassata, emarginata; interior minima, ovata, concava, pellucida. Corolla 0. Germen superum, ovatum; stylum et stigma non potui videre. Pericarpium 0, sed calyx persistens sub fornice semen recon- dens. Semen 1, ovatum, acutum, nudum, glabrum, brunneum.” 5. Weraudia, represented by N. melasto- mefolia, Gaud., in the Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Seemann! n. 2260), and N. sericea, Gaud., in the same islands (Captain Cook!). 6. Touchardia, represented by T. latifolia, Gaud., a native of the Sandwich Islands; and 7. Parietaria, represented by P. debilis, Forst., in Norfolk Island (Forster).

III. Fleurya, Gaud. Uran. 497 ; Weddell, Urticac. p. 109. Flores diclini, monoici v. dioici, in glomerulos cy mulasve dichotomo-scorpioideas paniculatas aut subdistiche racemosas digesti, g et 9 in eadem v. in distinctis inflorescentiis nascentes, paniculis racemisve in singulis axillis solitariis, pedicellis florum marium necnon femineorum articulatis. Fl. g: Perigonium 4—5-partitum, seg- mentis ovatis lanceolatisve, glabris aut pubescentibus v. sub apice stimuligeris ; alabastro umbilicato. Stamina 4 v. 5. Pistilli rudimentum globosum clavatum v. sublobatum. Fl.9: Perigonium 4- partitum v. 4-lobum ; segmentis interdum fere zequalibus, szepe etiam inzequalibus et tunc interioribus (s. lateralibus) quam exteriores multo majoribus oblique ovatis planiusculisque, exteriorum autem altero (scilicet superiore) rotundato subpileato inermi v. pilo urente calcarato, altero (seu inferiore) lanceolato et vix perspicuo. Ovarium initio rectum, dein magis minusve obliquum, ovoideum. Ovu- lum juxta loculi fundum adfixum, obliquum, funiculo gracili. Stigma sessile, ovatum, lanceolatum v. lineare, persistens et denique uncinatim reflexum, in unica specie basi lacinulis duabus filiformibus auctum, Achznium oblique ovatum rotundatumve, compressum, margine abrupte acutatum inter- dumque anguste membranaceo-alatum, in utraque facie seepissime scrobiculato-concavum tubercula- tumque, pedicello obliquissime insidens et perigonio membranaceo parum aucto vestitum. Semen endocarpio conforme. Albumen nisi juxta apicem seminis parcissimum. Embryo cotyledonibus transverse oblongo-rotundis, basi et apice parum emarginatis; radicula conica.—Herbe annus, stimulis armatz aut fere inermes; foliis alternis, serratis, trinerviis; cystolithis linearibus; stipulis axillaribus, profunde 2-fidis; floribus seepissime ebracteatis, masculis albidis roseisve, femineis viren- tibus, fructiferorum mox deciduorum pedicellis cylindricis rariusve laterali-compressis.— ScAy- chowskia, Endl. Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 187. t. 43. è

Besides the following, there is only one other species of this genus in tropical Polynesia, viz. F. rude- ralis, Gaud. (F. paniculata, Gaud. Urtica ruderalis, Forst. Prodr. n. 344, et Icon. (ined.) t. 258. U. lucida, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 434, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahiti Plants (ined.), t. 99), from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander ! Forster !).

1. F. interrupta, Gaud. Bot. Voy. Urania, p. 497 ; Weddell, Urticac. p. 115; stimulosa; caule nonnunquam inter stimulos pilosulo; foliis ovatis, acuminatis, basi subcordatis truncatis v. late cune- atis, crenato-serratis serratisve ; floribus monoicis, inflorescentiis androgynis aut unisexualibus? (mas- eulis femineisque conformibus), quam petioli longioribus rariusve brevioribus; perigonio 9 cupuli- formi, 4-dentato, pedicello supra articulationem dilatato; stigmate dimidio achænio fere sequilongo, basi 2-brachiato.— Urtica pilulifera et fatua, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 231 et 232. t. 100. f. let 2. U. in- terrupta, Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. t. 20; Linn. Sp. Plant. 1398; Wight, Icon. vol. ii. t. 692 ; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 325; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 100. U, estuans, Forst. Prodr. n. 342? U. Javanica, Blume, Bijdr. 503. U. affinis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 69. F, spicata, Gaud. l.c. F. glomerata, Gaud. 1. c.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Salato ni coro," Tahi- tense, teste Solander, * Liaco."—In waste places, common in all the Viti Islands, principally near dwelling-places (Seemann! n. 428, Milne!) Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and So- lander ! Barclay !), Tongan (Captain Cook !), Salomon (Milne!), and New Hebrides Islands (Ander- son! Barclay !). Diffused over New Guinea, the Indian Archipelago, and Abyssinia.

[PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 28, 1868.] 21

238 FLORA VITIENSIS.

It is probable that Urtica inermis, Spreng. Syst. vol. iii. p. 836 (U. hastata, Forst. mss. fide Spreng.), overlooked by Weddell, is a synonym of this species.

The “Salato ni coro,” as the Vitians term this plant, abounds about towns and villages, hence the specific name “ni coro.” The virulence of its sting is not to be compared to that of our European nettles, yet the natives so carefully avoid all contact with it, and ran away in such fright when I gathered specimens of it for my herbarium, that one is tempted to believe their skin more keenly affected by it than ours.

IV. Laportea, Gaud. Uran. 498; Weddell, Urticac. p. 121. Flores diclini, dioici v. monoici, glomerulati, glomerulis in inflorescentias paniculiformes semperque unisexuales digestis, paniculis 9 ac d apud species monoicas ex axillis distinctis ortis, & superioribus; pedicellis florum ¢ articulatis. Fl. d: Perigonium 4- v. 5-partitum ; segmentis ovatis glabrisque aut magis minusve hispidis, apice membranaceis; alabastro in medio depresso. Stamina 5. Pistilli rudimentum globosum. Fl. 2: Perigonium 4-partitum v. 4-lobum ; segmentatis s. lobis fere æqualibus aut inzequalibus, nempe in- terioribus seepe multo majoribus ovatis rotundatisve glabris v. dorso et margine pilosulis exteriorum- que altero (denique superiore) latiore rotundato et szpius cucullato v. pileato, altero lanceolato multo breviore. Ovarium junius rectum, sed mox obliquum, ovoideum. Ovulum erectum v. adscen- dens, funiculo brevi aut longiusculo suffultum. Stigma sessile, lineare elongatumque v. rarissime. breve et oblongum, villosum, in fructu persistens. Achznium oblique ovatum rotundatumve, raro ventricosum, pericarpio nonnihil succulento, plerumque compressum et haud raro discoideum, margine æquali v. parum incrassato faciebus leviusculis aut rarius granulosis, pedicello plus minus oblique insidens perigonioque membranaceo subimmutato vestitum. Semen pericarpio conforme. Albumen tenue. Embryo cotyledonibus rotundatis, apice subtruncatis; basi emarginatis; radicula conica brevi.— Herbs perennes aut frutices aut arbuscule v. arbores, stimulis raris aut crebris armati ; foliis alternis aut integerrimis, crenulatis serratisve, penninerviis ; cystolithis minutis punctiformibus ; stipulis axillaribus, 2-nerviis, integris v. 2-fidis, deciduis; cymis s. paniculis seepe distiche ramosis ; floribus haud raro ebracteatis, ut plurimum virentibus; pedicellis femineorum cylindricis aut varie dilatatis inerassatisve interdumque subfastigiato-coadunatis.— Dendrocnide, Miq. Plant. Jungh. 29.

The generic Vitian name of Laportea is “Salato.” Scraps of two new large-leaved species of this

genus, one of which is termed “ Mako” by the natives, were collected by the Rev. Mr. Williams, but they are too imperfect to be described.

1. L. (Sclepsion ?) Milnei, Seem. (n. sp.) ; arborea ; foliis late ovatis acuminatis, 3-plinerviis repando-dentatis, stimulosis demum glabratis; inflorescentiis femineis axillaribus; pedicellis alatis ; achzenio oblique ovato acuto.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Salato.?—Island of. Viti Levu (Milne! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).

There is a serap of this species, at the British Museum, preserved in spirits, and which I take to be the plant Milne alludes to in Hooker's * Kew Miscellany,’ vol. ix. p. 110, where he says, “ There is a spe- cies of Urticacec of which the natives are very much afraid; and well they may be, for if you should be so unfortunate as to sting yourself, you will feel the consequences of it for some months. I am at this moment suffering from its effects, of an accident which occurred a month ago. There is no eruption, but [the place where I stung myself] is most painful when exposed to the influence of water. In some places this Nettle is called ‘Kau tabua’ (? Editor); it is best known as ‘ Salato.’ ”? ;

Leaves rather fleshy, 5 inches long, 24 inches broad. Primary veins, nine on each side of the midrib. Flowers not seen. Ripe achznia about the size of lentils.

2. L. (Dendrocnide) Harveyi, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LIX.) ; arborea; foliis late cordatis v. subpeltatis acuminatis, irregulariter subrepando-dentatis 3-plinerviis, utrinque glabris ; cymis pedun-. culatis, 9 laxifloris; pedicellis haud dilatatis; perigonio subsqualiter 4-lobo.— Nomen vernac.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 239

Vitiense, *'Salato."—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 426) and Nadi, Vanua Levu (Harvey! Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.).

A tree, 40 feet high. Stipules large. Petioles 3-4 inches long. Blade of leaf 6-8 inches long, 5-6 inches broad. Panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves.

ExPLAwaTION oF PrATE LIX., representing Laportea Harveyi, Seem.—Fig. 1, perigonium of female flower and pistil; 2, nearly ripe fruit; 3, longitudinal section of the same; 4, longitudinal section of seed; 5, cotyledons and embryo,—all magnified.

3. L. (Dendrocnide) Vitiensis, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LX.) ; arborea, inermis; foliis ovalibus v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi cordatis integerrimis penninerviis, supra viridibus, subtus sub- glaucescentibus, utrinque glaberrimis; cymis paniculzformibus paucifloris ; perigonio fl. 9 lobis ovatis acuminatis pubescentibus; stylo elongato filiformi.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Salato."— Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann ! n. 427).

Allied to L. photiniphylla, of Queensland, Australia, but differing by its entire pinnately-veined leaves and large perigonium lobes. The stem is arboreous; leaves on rather short (1-14 inch long) petioles. Blade of leaf 6-8 inches long, 3-4 inehes broad, pinnately veined, green above, rather glaucous below. Pri- mary veins 8 or 9 on each side of midrib.

ExrrANaATION OF Prats LX., representing Laportea Vitiensis, Seem.—Fig. 1 and 2, female flowers ; 3, pistil; 4, cross section of ovary,—all magnified.

V. Pellionia, Gaud. Uran. p. 494; Weddell, Urticac. p. 282. Flores diclini, dioici, vulgo glo- merati v. dense cymoso-paniculati ; inflorescentiis sessilibus pedunculatisve, in axillis singulis szepius solitariis. Fl. d: Perigonium 5-partitum ; segmentis obtusissimis, margine membranaceis, summo dorso mucronatis, in preefloratione valde imbricatis; alabastro subspherico, mucronibus distinctis. Stamina 5; lobis antherarum oblongo-reniformibus. Pistilli rudimentum conicum, glaberrimum. Fl. $: Perigonium profunde 5-partitum ; segmentis zqualibus inzqualibusve, infra apicem mucro- natis. Ovarium ellipticum, parum compressum, perigonio brevius. Ovulum imo loculo affixum, erectum, funiculo brevi aut longiusculo sustentum. Stigma sessile, penicillatum. Staminum rudi- menta squamiformia, tot quot perigonii segmenta iisque opposita, inflexa. Achenium late ovatum, magis minusve compressum aut fere cylindricum, lzeve et punctulato-pictum szpiusve tuberculatum, perigonio persistente vestitum. Embryo cotyledonibus ut plurimum rotundatis radiculaque crassa conica duplo longioribus; albumine parcissimo.—Herbe, raro suffrutescentes v. frutices, glabræ rariusve villosz ; foliis distiche suboppositis (cujusque jugi altero minimo aut fere inconspicuo) v. (hocce omnino abortiente) alternis, inzequilateralibus (margine lateris angustioris limbi sursum con- stanter spectante), integerrimis serratisve, penninerviis v. 3-nerviis; cystolithis fusiformibus inspersis ; floribus bracteis parvis triangulari-lanceolatis stipatis; glomerulis s. fasciculis involucro vero de-

stitutis.

1. P. elatostemoides, Gaud. Bonit. t. 119; Weddell, l.c. p. 286; dioica, glaberrima ; foliis suboppositis, admodum disparibus; altero cujusque jugi amplo, suboblique elliptico- v. oblongo- obovato, abrupte acuminato, basi acuto, ultra medium laxe serrato ; altero contra minimo, ovato inte- groque; inflorescentiis d ....; 9 parvis, sessilibus; perigonii fructiferi segmentis subzequalibus, summo dorso longe aristato-mucronatis; achzenio compresso, leviusculo, marmorato.—Procris ros- trata, Reinw. mss. ; Blume, Bijdr. 510. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Williams, “ Raula."— Viti Levu, Taviuni, and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 429; Milne! Harvey! Williams!). Also found in the Marquesas (Hombron), New Guinea, and the Moluccas. >

2. P. filicoides, (sp. nov.) Seem.; fruticosa, erecta; foliis alternis sessilibus parvis lineari- ; 212

24.0 FLORA VITIENSIS.

oblongis v. lanceolatis acutis basi l-auriculatis obtuse serratis l-nerviis, supra pubescentibus, de- mum glabratis, subtus ramulisque sparse pilosis; inflorescentiis axillaribus longe pedunculatis.— Elatostema filicoides, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 259. Pellionia Vitiensis, A. Gray, mss. in Herb. Hook.— Woods on the banks of the Navua river, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 421). Also collected by Williams ! and Harvey ! in Viti.

An erect shrub, 4-5 feet high, much resembling some kinds of Fern in appearance. Stem terete, whitish ; branches and leaves distichous. Largest leaves 1-14 inch long, 3-4 lines broad. My specimens and those of Williams are sterile; those of Harvey, existing at Kew, have imperfect inflorescence, and are mere scraps. É

VI. Elatostema, J. R. et G. Forst. Char. Gen. 33; Weddell, Urticac. p. 290. Flores diclini, monoici v. dioici, densissime cymoso-capitati, capitulis unisexualibus in singulis nodis solitariis gemi- nisve, bracteato-involucratis rariusve exinvolucratis; receptaculo angusto aut dilatato plano v. con- cavo (rarissime ficiformi), subcarnoso sæpius regulari. Fl. 4: Perigonium 4- v. 5-partitum ; laciniis infra apicem mucronatis. Stamina 4 v. 5 ; lobis antherarum oblongis; filamentis inferne perigonio plus minus adnatis. Pistilli rudimentum globosum clavatum conoideumve, glaberrimum. Fl. 9: Perigonium sæpe minimum aut imperfectum, plerumque 3-, rarius 4-5-phyllum ; segmentis lineari- subulatis lanceolatisve, subzequalibus, glabris aut ciliatis. Ovarium ellipsoideum, perigonium vulgo superans. Ovulum imo loculo affixum, erectum, funiculo brevi. Stigma sessile, longiuscule peni- cillatum, penieillo e papillis seu pilis paucis pluribusve et mox evanescentibus constante. Sta- minum rudimenta ut plurimum squamiformia, inflexa, tot quot laciniz perigonii Achzenium ova- tum v. ellipticum, compressiusculum, leve rariusve sulcatum, sepissime punctulato-pictum, subnu- dum; pericarpio tenui fragilique. Embryo ellipsoideus; cotyledonibus ellipticis radicule crassæ zquilongis; albumine O v. parcissimo.—Herbe annu: v. perennes, rarius suffrutices, sæpe radi- cantes, glabrze pubescentesve ; foliis distichis, fere oppositis v. seepius (altero cujusque jugi abortiente) alternis (stipula folii deficientis nihilominus evoluta inflorescentiamque perszepe axillante), inzequilate- ralibus (margine lateris angustioris limbi sursum spectante), varie dentatis rariusve integris, 3- nerviis v. 3-plinerviis; limbo cystolithis linearibus ut plurimum insperso; petiolo brevi aut fere nullo; stipulis axillaribus, integris ; capitulis subsessilibus pedunculatisve ; bracteis involucrantibus . magis minusve coalitis rarissime liberis; floribus femineis plerumque pedicellatis ; bracteis numerosis lineari-spathulatis et longe ciliatis intermixtis; floribus masculis modo sessilibus, modo pedicellatis ; bracteis lineari-oblongis obovatisve stipatis.

E. sessile, Forst. (Dorstenia pubescens, Forst. Prodr. n. 59. D. serrata, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 320. Procris sessilis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 70), will probably be also met with in Viti, as it has been detected in the Samoan (Powell!) and Society Islands (Forster! Banks and Solander !), in

. Lord Howe's Island (Milne! M‘Gillivray !), New Holland, Java, Philippine Islands, and Bootan.

]. E. nemorosum, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LXI.); hirsutum; caule erecto crasso suffruticoso ; folis alternis amplis obovatis acuminatis in petiolum alatum basi 1l-auriculatum attenuatis, ab ima basi usque ad acumen grosse et inzequaliter serratis, penninerviis, subtus in nervis hirsutissimis ; sti- pulis magnis lanceolatis persistentibus ; capitulis brevissime pedunculatis ; receptaculo inflorescentiz d discoideo.—Island of Taviuni (Seemann ! n. 422).

One of the largest species of the genus, which must be placed amongst Weddell’s first ten species. Stem erect. Largest leaves from 12-15 inches long, and from 4-5 inches broad. Primary veins of blade 12-15 on each side of the midrib. Male flower-heads not seen. Female flower-heads with a disk-like receptacle. Bracts long, linear, acute. F emale flowers pedicellate. Lobes of perigone linear.

EXPLANATION OF Prate LXI., representing Elatostema nemorosum, Seem.—Fig. 1 and 2, female flowers and bracts; 3, female flower,—all magnified. us Lid

FLORA VITIENSIS. 24]

2, E. macrophyllum, Brongn. Bot. Voy. Coq. 207. t. 45; Wedd. Urticac. p. 800; caule bre- viter et subadpresse pubescente; foliis magnis oblique oblongis v. obovato-oblongis, breviter acumi- natis, deorsum cuneatis acutatisque, supra basin v. partem tertiam dimidiumve inferiorem limbi ineequaliter serratis v. sinuato-serratis, penninerviis, pagina superiore glabra, inferiore sparsim subti- literque pubescente v. glabrata, nervis villosis pilosisve; stipulis lanceolatis, majusculis ; capitulis d breviter pedunculatis.— E. spectabile et E. paludosum, Miq. Fl. Jungh. 19.. E. pedunculosum, Miq. l.c. E. nigrescens, Miq. in Zoll. Syst. Verzeichn. 401.— Viti, locality not specified (Harvey !). Also found in Amboyna and Java. i ,

Allied to, but very distinct from E. nemorosum, Seem.

VII. Procris, Commers. mss. ex Juss. Gen. Pl. 403; Weddell, Urticac. p. 933. Flores monoici, d glomerati (glomerulis [raro capituliformibus] cymosis), 9 in receptaculum carnosum globosum v. clavatum densissime aggregati; cymis capitulisque (ebracteatis) solitariis. Fl. 4: Peri- gonium 5-partitum ; laciniis obovatis, carnosulis, muticis. Stamina 5. Pistilli rudimentum globo- sum v. obovatum. Fl. ?: Perigonium 3-4-phyllum; segmentis obovatis, cucullatis, carnosulis. Ovarium ovatum, perigonio brevius. Ovulum imo loculo affixum, funiculo brevi fultum. Stigma sessile, longe penicillatum, mox evanidum. Staminum rudimenta 0? Achznium ovatum v. ellip- ticum, subbaccatum, striolato-pictum, perigonii laciniis carnosis obtectum ; capitulo fructifero demum fragariiformi. Embryo turbinatus, cotyledonibus late ellipticis radicula conica longioribus ; albu- mine parcissimo v. deficiente.—Suffrutices fruticesve, erectiusculi v. adscendentes, swpius glabri; foliis distichis, inzequilateralibus et valde inzequimagnis (folio nempe majore in utroque latere caulis cum folio abortivo scu bracteiformi alternante) integerrimis v. sinuato-dentatis, penninerviis ; cystolithis linearibus minimis inspersis; stipulis axillaribus integris; capitulis femineis sessilibus aut peduncu- latis; floribus bracteis lineari-spathulatis apice glandulosis stipatis; cymulis masculis pedunculatis, pedicellis ebracteatis.—Sciophila, Gaud. Bot. Uran. 493. ;

1. P. Cephalida, Comm. mss. cum icon.; Poiret in Lamk. Encycl. vol. iv. p. 629; Weddell, l. c. p. 884; foliis majoribus, oblique lanceolatis v. oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis; basi acutis, inte- gerrimis aut prope apicem obsolete sinuato-serratis; floribus 4 glomeratis, glomerulis cymosis ; bracteis parum conspicuis; capitulis 9 solitariis sessilibusque.— E/atostema pedunculatum, J. R. et G. Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. Ins. Austr. 53. E. lucidum, Eorund. ex Guillemin in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2. vol. vii. p. 184; Pers. Synops. vol. ii. p. 557. E. sessile, Forst. mss. in Herb. Mus. Par. E. succo- sum, Miq. Pl. Jungh. p. 23. Dorstenia lucida, G. Forst. Prodr. n. 58; Parkins, Drawings of Tahit. Plants, (ined.) t. 95. Procris lucida, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iii. p.846. ? P. longifolia, Blume, Bijdr. 508. P. integrifolia, Hook. et Arn., non Don. Urtica salicifolia, Vahl, mss. in Herb. Juss. Bæh- - meria Cephalida, Pers. Synops. vol. ii. p. 556. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, ** Mahainui Pipi-Mate."—Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 430). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander!) and Norfolk Island (Bauer!). Distributed over Java, Timor, and Madagascar.

VIII. Boehmeria, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 216; Weddell, Urticac. p. 343. Flores monoici v. dioici, glomerati (glomerulis axillaribus spicatis paniculatisve), d et 9 discreti, bracteis brevi- bus scariosis stipati. Fl. g: Perigonium 4-partitum v. 4-lobum, rarissime 3- aut 5-partitum ; segmentis ovatis subacuminatis v. infra apicem breviter mucronatis, in præfloratione valvatis. Sta- mina tot quot perigonii segmenta. Pistilli rudimentum clavatum v. fere globosum, glaberrimum aut basi breviter lanatum pilosulumve. Fl. 9: Perigonium tubulosum, compressum v. magis minusve

ventricosum, ore sæpius contracto 2-4-dentato. Ovarium inclusum, a perigonio discretum v. eidem

*

242 FLORA VITIENSIS.

plus minus cohzrens, sessile v. pedicellatum. Ovulum imo loculo v. juxta fundum loculi funiculo brevi affixum, erectum aut adscendens. Stigma elongato-filiforme, cum summo ovario continuum, altero latere papillosum. Achznium ovario subconforme, perigonio marcescente inclusum eique haud raro coherens; pericarpio crustaceo, tenui v. nucamentaceo ut plurimum fusco. Albumen varium, sed nunquam deficiens. Embryo cotyledonibus ellipticis radicula conica sepius paulo lon- gioribus.—Frutices arbuscule v. suffrutices, plerumque sylvicoli, sepius magis minusve pubentes; foliis oppositis aut alternis, homomorphis sequilateralibusque v. dimorphis et interdum inzequilate- ralibus, varie dentatis, rarissime 2-lobis, 3-nervibus, lzvibus rugosisve, petiolatis ; cystolithis puncti- formibus parum conspicuis; stipulis axillaribus, plerumque liberis v. basi tantum coalitis, rarissime in unam integram connatis, vulgo deciduis.—Splitgerbera, Miq. Comm. Phyt. p. 134.

Besides the following species, there are, in tropical Polynesia,—1. B. australis, Endl. (Procris splendens,

Lindl. Veg. Kingd. ed. 2. f. 175), from Norfolk Island; and 2. B. stipularis, Weddell (Urtica grandis, Hook. et Arn.), from the Hawaiian Islands (Lay and Collie!).

l. B. platyphylla, Don et Hamilt. Prodr. Fl. Nepal. p. 60, non Sieb. et Zucc. ; Weddell, Urticac. p. 364; monoica v. dioica?; foliis oppositis v. superioribus haud raro alternis, fere isomor- phis, ovatis ellipticis rotundatisve, in eodem jugo sequalibus v. inzequimagnis, acuminatis, varie den- tatis, planis aut magis minusve rugosis, plerumque hispidis, hirtellis pubescentibusve, rarius tomen- tosis, rarissime omnino glabratis; stipulis liberis; spicis 1-sexualibus androgynisve, simplicibus v. ramosis fere semper aphyllis, longitudine quam maxime varia, erectis patulis pendulisve, glomerulis ? approximatis v. sepius discretis; perigonio fructifero elliptico obovato v. rotundato, plus minus compresso aut inzqualiter angulato, szepius obtuse marginato, pilis rectis v. quibusdam uncinatis hispido.— Urtica virgata, Forst. Prodr. n. 345 ; Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 323; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 98. Behmeria virgata et B. interrupta, Guill. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2. vol. vii. p. 182. B. Taitensis, Weddell, l.c. 200. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, “E Whaidoa? v. “E Whairhoa."—Common in all the Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 432 et 483 ; Milne!). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Forster !) and New Caledonia (Vieillard !).

IX. Cypholophus, Weddell, Urticac. p: 433. Flores monoici aut dioici, densissime glomerati bracteolisque scariosis suffulti, glomerulis semper 1-sexualibus axillaribus, 9 demum amplexicaulibus. Fl. 4: Perigonium 4-partitum ; segmentis sub apice acuto-mucronatis, in preefloratione valvatis. Sta- mina 4. Pistilli rudimentum obovatum, glabrum, basi pilis paucis stipatum. Fl. 9: Perigonium tubuloso-ventricosum ; ore contracto 4-dentato. Ovarium inclusum, oblongum, a perigonio discretum, sessile. Ovulum suberectum. Stigma filiforme, cum apice ovarii continuum, valde incurvum, superne longiuscule pilosum seu fere plumosum. Achzenium obovatum ellipticumve aut lenticulare ; peri- gonio carnuloso arcte inclusum; pericarpio crustaceo, pariete superiore sepius admodum incrassato. Albumen satis copiosum. Embryo cotyledonibus ellipticis, radicula cylindrica obtusa paulo longio- ribus.—Frutices, foliis oppositis, nonnunquam ineequilateralibus et subheteromorphis, serratis, ssepe rugosis, petiolatis ; cystolithis punctiformibus; stipulis liberis axillari-lateralibus deciduis.

1, C. macrocephalus, Weddell, Urticac. p. 434. tab. xii. C (Tab. LXII.) ; monoicus v. dioi- cus; foliis in eodem jugo inzquimagnis seepiusque heteromorphis, oblique ovatis, ellipticis, lanceolatis oblongisve, plerisque acuminatis, basi rotundatis obtusis aut acutatis, folio minore eujusque jugi sepe subcordato, crenulato-serratis v. serratis, rugosis, supra hispidis demumque asperatis aut levi- usculis, subtus in nervis molliter pilosis, intervenio haud infrequenter tenuiter canescenti-tomentoso. —Behmeria Harveyi, Seem. in Bonplandia, p. 259, et in tab. nostr. n. LXII. Fleurya (?) rugosis-

ra

FLORA VITIENSIS. 943

sima, Miq. Fl. Néerl. Ind. Suppl. vol. i. p. 412. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Rere ;" Samoéense, teste Powell, “ O le Tau pata."— Viti Levu, Kadavu, Ovalau, and Gau (Seemann! n. 431; Greeffe! n. 20; Harvey! Milne!). Also found in the Samoan (Powell!), Society (Banks and Solander !), Philippine (Cuming! n. 768), and Malayan (Cuming! 1839) Islands. Teijsmann collected it in Sumatra.

great chiefs.” EXPLANATION oF Pirate LXII.—Fig. 1, bud of male flower; 2, male flower open; 3, head of female flowers; 4, female flower ; 5, pistil,—all magnified.

X. Pipturus, Weddell, Urticac. p. 444. Flores dioici, 4 glomerati, 9 capitati, bracteis parvis hirtis stipitati, glomerulis axillaribus v. interrupte spicatis, spicis interdum distiche ramosis. Fl. d: Perigonium 4—5-lobum ; lobis ovatis acutis. Stamina tot quot perigonii segmenta. Pistilli rudi- mentum clavatum, lanatum. Fi. 9: Perigonium ovatum, ventricosum, sensim attenuatum, seepe cano-tomentosum, ore contracto, limbo minimo 4-5-denticulato. Ovarium perigonio conforme eique concretum. Ovulum e basi loculi erectum, funiculo brevi sustentatum. Stigma elongato-filiforme, hinc villosum, cum ovarii apice articulatum ; basi glabrum breviterque insertum, caducissimum. Fructus ventricosus, e pericarpio nucamentaceo perigonio baccante (?) vestito constitutus. Embryo cotyledonibus ellipticis ovatisve radicula paulo longioribus ; albumen parcum.— Frutices v. arbores gla- briusculi v. sepius magis minusve tomentosi; foliis alternis homomorphis zquilateralibusque integris v. dentatis, subtus sæpe canescentibus 3-nervibus, petiolatis; cystolithis punctiformibus; stipulis in unam axillarem profunde 2-fidam connatis; receptaculo capituli feminei demum carnoso.— Behmerie et Urtice sp., Auct. Nothocnide, Blume, Mus. Lugd. Bat. vol. ii. f. xiv.

Besides the following species we have, in tropical Polynesia, P. albidus, A. Gray (Bahmeria albida, Hook. et Arn.), which is restricted to the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies! Macrae! Seemann! Barclay !), and could therefore not retain the erroneous geographical name (P. Taitensis) which Weddell gave to it. It

is very common in Oahu (Seemann ! n. 1712), where it is called * Mamaki," and where its bark is used for the manufacture of native cloth, specimens of which I sent to the Kew Museum. (See Seemann's * Narra-

tive of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 86.)

l. P. velutinus, Weddell, Urticac. p. 446 ; ramulis breviter incano-tomentosis v. pubescentibus ; foliis amplis late ovatis subabrupte acuminatis, basi cordatis v. rotundatis, crenulatis serrulatisve, supra hispidis aut glabratis, glomerulis in spicas laxe paniculatas dispositis.— Urtica cinerascens, Vent. mss.; Poir.? Encycl. Suppl. vol. iv. p. 224. U. pellucida, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 79. t. 80. U.incana, Blume, Bijdr. p. 497. Behmeria velutina, Dene. Herb. Timor, p. 163. B. in- cana, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. p. 79; ejusd. Plant. Jav. Rar. 207; Miquel, Plant. Jungh. 36. Urtica argentea, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 345, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 101 et 102. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander, “ Eroha” v. “ Erowha.”—Island of Gau (Milne!). Also found in the Society (Lesson, D'Urville, Banks and Solander !), Tongan (Captain Cook !), and Marquesas Islands (Barclay !) ; in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (M‘Gil- livray !), Java, Timor, and Amboyna. '

244 FLORA VITIENSIS.

A shrub, 10-12 feet high, of which Solander writes, ‘‘ Cortex hujus fruticis fila subministrat tenacis- sima, e quibus retia fabricant et linteas piscatorias omnibus aliis et jam optimis nostris cannabinis tena- ciores; unde omuia ex hae cortice conferta care venduntur."

2. P. propinquus, Weddell, Urticac. p. 447 ; ramulis breviter incano-tomentosis v. pubescenti- bus; foliis minoribus breviusque petiolatis ovatis v. elliptico-lanceolatis, rarius cordatis acuminatis v. sensim attenuatis acutisque, adultis supra glabratis levibusque; glomerulis axillaribus aut plerisque in spicas simplices interruptas et nonnunquam apice foliosas dispositis.—Urfica argentea, Forst. Prodr. n. 343. U. cinerascens, Blume, Bijdr. 497. U. albido-punctata, Steud. Nomencl. vol. ii. p.784. Beoehmeria propinqua, Dene. Timor, l.c. B. Candolleana, Gaud. Uran. t. 148. Pipturus Candolleanus, Weddell.—Viti, locality not specified (Harvey !). Also found in the Tongan Islands (Forster !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Java, the Mariannes, Timor, and Queensland.

XI. Missiessya, Gaud. Bonit. t. 93; Weddell, Urticac. p. 465. Flores ut plurimum dioici, d glomerulati, feminei receptaculo globuloso sessiles v. breviter pedicellati denseque aggregati, capitulis in axillis foliorum sepius geminis raro corymbulosis aut irregulariter cymosis. Fl. g: Perigonium 4-5-partitum ; segmentis ovatis acutis in przefloratione valvatis, alabastro acutiusculo. Stamina 4 v. 9. Pistilli rudimentum conicum, lanatum v. glabrum. Fl. 9: Perigonium liberum, breve, cupuli- forme, breviter et plerumque obtuse 4—5-dentatum. Ovarium oblique elliptico-ovatum, subcompres- sum, glabrum v. superne et margine strigillosum. Ovulum imo loculo funiculo brevi affixum, micro- pyle sepius infundibuliformi-ampliata fimbriataque et summo loculo cohzrente. Stigma penicillato- capitatum v. subpeltatum, longe papillosum. Fructus subexsuccus, pericarpii nempe strato extimo vix carnosulo, intimo chartaceo. Semen pericarpii cavitati conforme; testa tenuissima. Embryo cotyledonibus ellipticis radicula cylindrica crassiusculaque vix longioribus ; albumine parco.—Arbus- cule v. frutices; foliis distiche alternis, subsequilateralibus, conspicue v. subobsolete serratis, 3- nerviis, subtus canescenti-tomentosis ; cystolithis punctiformibus; stipulis in unam axillarem 2-fidam connatis; glomerulis masculis bracteatis; pedicellis florum femineorum teretibus v. superne incras- satis bracteolatis ; receptaculo fructifero carnoso.—Leucosyke, Zoll. et Moritz.

1. M. corymbulosa, Weddell, Urticac. p. 475 ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis ovatisve, acuminatis, acutissimis, supra basim obtusatam rotundatamve argute serrulatis; pagina superiore adpresse pube- rulis lzeviusculisque aut asperulis, inferiore cinereis albidisve; stipulis lanceolatis, cito deciduis; capi- tulis sepius pluribus in singulis axillis, pedunculatis, corymbulosis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Matadra."— Growing as underwood in Viti Levu, Gau, and Taviuni (Seemann! n. 424, Milne! Home !).

A straggling shrub, having slender branches. It attains 6-8 feet in height, has leaves somewhat resembling those of the Elm, but white underneath, and minute flowers and fruits arranged in small corymbs. Some of the white residents in Viti have drunk a decoction of the leaves without perceiving it to be different from Chinese tea. The natives do not seem to employ the plant in this way.

XII. Maoutia, Weddell in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. vol. i. 193, et Urticac. p. 476. Flores monoici v. dioici, glomerulati, glomerulis laxe irregulariterque cymosis; cymis in axillis singulis ssepius ge- minis, Fl. 4: Perigonium 5-partitum ; segmentis ovatis, subacuminatis, extus hispidulis, in præ- floratione valvatis ; alabastro brevissime acuminato. Stamina 5. Pistilli rudimentum obovoideum, in lana densa nidulans. Fl. 9: Perigonium deficiens. Ovarium ovoideum, rectum, setosum aut sub- adpresse hispidum. Ovulum imo loculo affixum, suberectum. Stigma stylo brevi suffultum, late- rale, lanceolatum v. subcapitatum, persistens, papillis brevibus elongatisve.instructum. Achznium ovatum, interdum obtuse 3-gonum, hispidum v. longiuscule setosum ; pericarpii strato extimo carno-

LI

FLORA VITIENSIS. 245

sulo, intimo osseo s. nucamentaceo magis minusve compresso et nonnunquam crasse marginato. Semen ellipticum, compressum, pericarpii cavitatem implens. Albumen tenue, Embryo cotyledo- nibus ellipticis oblongisve radicula tereti et gracili paulo longioribus.—Frutices ; folis alternis, cre- nulatis serratisve, 3-nerviis, subtus cano-tomentosis ; cystolithis punctiformibus ; stipulis axillaribus, sepius profunde 2-fidis; glomerulis basi bracteatis; floribus femineis omnino nudis v. bracteolis parvis stipatis.— Lecanocnide, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. vol. ii. f. xii.

1, M. australis, Weddell, Urticac. p. 480; sepius dioica; foliis ovatis v. elliptico-ovatis lan- ceolatisve, anguste acuminatis ; basi acutis obtusatis rotundatisve, acumine basique exceptis grossius- cule crenato-serratis serratisve, siccitate plerumque subcoriaceis, planis rugosulisve, junioribus supra sparsim pilosulis et mox fere omnino glabratis levibusque, subtus niveo-tomentosis, nervis adpresse pubescentibus; achzniis breviter rostratis, inferne et in angulis presertim patule v. subadpresse setosis; stigmate obliquo, subrecurvo.— Urtica candicans, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 926.— Nomen yernac. Vitiense, teste Williams, ** Dagasele;" Samoéense, teste Powell, ** O le Taunuta."— Viti Leva, Taviuni, Narai, Matuka, Ovalau, and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 425; Milne! Harvey !). Also collected in the Samoan (Powell!) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Bidwill!).

Susporpo III. MORES. -

All the Polynesian genera of this suborder are represented in Viti.

XIII. Morus, Tournef. Inst. t. 362; Linn. Gen. n. 1055; Endl. Gen. n. 1856. Flores monoici, dense spicati. Fl.d : Perigonium 4-partitum, laciniis ovatis szestivatione imbricatis, demum patentibus. Stamina 4, perigonii laciniis opposita; filamenta filiformi-subulata, transversim rugosa, elastica; anthers introrse, 2-loculares, dorso affixe. Ovarii rudimentum, | Fl.2 : Perigonium 4- phyllum, foliolis ovatis concavis oppositis, exterioribus majoribus. Ovarium sessile, ovatum, 2-locu- lare, loculo altero minore. Ovula in loculis solitaria, dissepimento prope apicem affixa, amphitropa, micropyle supera. Stigmata 2, terminalia, elongato-filiformia, intus villosa. Achenium membrana- ceum v. subcarnosum, l-loculare, l-spermum, perigonio immutato stipatum v. eodem baccante inclusum. Semen pendulum, uncinatum, testa dura fragili. Embryo in centro albuminis carnosi homotropus, uncinatus; cotyledonibus oblongis, incumbentibus; radieula longiuseula, umbilico contigua, supera.—Arbores v. frutices lactescentes ; folis alternis, integris v. lobatis, stipulatis ; spicis axillaribus solitariis, masculis elongatis, femineis brevibus ovatis v. subglobosis, fructibus

nonnullarum edulibus.

Morus insularis, Spreng. Syst. vol. i. p. 492 (foliis oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis integerrimis tripli- nerviis glaberrimis), from the Marquesas (Forster ex Spreng.), placed by Sprengel in Tetrandria Digynia, I take to be a Menispermaceous-looking plant, which was collected by Forster in that group of islands, but is not named by him in his collection at the British Museum. Mr. Miers, whose attention I drew to it,

holds it to be no Menispermacea, but a Euphorbiacea. a M. pendulina, Endl., has been collected in Norfolk Island and the Hawaiian group (Remy, 208, 204).

1. M. Indica, Rumph. Herb. Amb. Auct. 5; Wight, Icon. vol. ii. tab. 677 ; fruticosa; foliis cordato-ovatis (rarius 5-lobis) longe acuminatis inzequaliter serratis glabriusculis ; spicis ovalibus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 396.—Cultivated in Bau, off Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 434), also in the Sandwich Islands (Seemann! Barclay !), Tranquebar (Soc. Unit. Frat. in Herb. Mus. Brit.), and India (Royen !).

This species is much cultivated in India for feeding silkworms. In the Sandwich Islands it is termed

[PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 28, 1868.] 2K

246 FLORA VITIENSIS.

* Kilica,” and its fruit, which when ripe is black, but inferior in flavour to any of the mulberries cultivated in Europe, is eaten. The foliage is small, yet in the Sandwich Islands a plant of eight months’ growth, taken from the fields at random, produced three pounds and a half of leaves, and within six weeks after being wholly stripped, it had so much recovered that it could not be distinguished from those which had not been so treated. By some oversight this species is omitted in H. Manu's excellent ‘ Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants.’

XIV. Broussonetia, Vent. Tab. du Régne Végét. vol. iii. p. 547 ; Endl. Gen. n. 1858. Flores dioici. FI. ¢ dense spicati, bracteati. Perigonium 4-partitum, laciniis ovatis acuminatis, vestivatione imbricatis, demum patentibus. Stamina 4, perigonii laciniis opposita; filamenta filiformi-subulata, elastica; anther introrse, 2-loculares, dorso affixe. Fl. 9 super receptaculum globosum dense capitato-congesti, squamis pilosis (floribus abortivis) mixti, Perigonium urceolatum, 3—4-dentatum. Ovarium ovatum, l-loculare, gynophoro clavato demum elongato oblique impositum. Ovulum 1, parietale, amphitropum, micropyle supera. Stylus filiformis, excentrieus, hine stigmatosus. Ache- nium subcarnoso-gelatinosum, gynophoro baccato basi perigonio cincto longe exserto elevatum, ejusque marginibus inzequaliter productis inclusum. Semen pendulum, uncinatum ; testa tenuissime membranacea. Embryo intra albumen parcum carnosum homotropus, uncinatus ; cotyledonibus oblongis incumbentibus; radicula umbilico contigua, supera.—Arbores lactescentes; foliis alternis, integris v. lobatis.—Papyrius, Lam. t. 762.

l. B. papyrifera, Vent. l. c.; foliis 3-5-lobis adultioribus subrotundo-ovatis indivisis, supra scabris, subtus villosis.— Morus papyrifera, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1899.—Nom. vernac. Vitiens., “ Ai Masi” et “ Malo ;" Hawaiense, “ Wauke ;" Tahitense et N. Zeland. “ Auti."—Cultivated throughout Viti (Milne! Seemann!). Also collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae! Seemann! n. 1711), New Zealand, Northern Island (Banks and Solander ! in Mus. Brit.), Tonga (Sir E. Home!), Society Islands (Capt. Cook !), and Formosa (Oldham !). :

When Captain Cook diseovered New Zealand, he found the paper mulberry cultivated in the Northern Island, but only to a limited extent, under the Tahitian name of “ Auti ” (identical, making allowance for dialectic changes, with the Sandwich Island name “ Wauke”). The specimens collected on that occasion by Banks and Solander are at the British Museum. Since the introduction of cheap clothing, the cultiva- tion of the plant in New Zealand has almost entirely ceased; and Colenso doubts whether it is cultivated at all at the present day ; whilst Dr. Hooker, in his ‘ Flora of New Zealand,’ does not even allude to it. The Vitian name, “ Ai Masi," has evidently no connection with the more general Polynesian; and Viti may therefore have received the plant from another source. The cultivation of the plant does not seem to extend further westward towards the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and the Loyalty group; nor does it seem to be in vogue amongst the islands of the Indian Archipelago and in India. 1 believe nowhere in Polynesia has the plant been found truly wild, and the question naturally arises, whence was it derived ? It is said to be indigenous in Japan, and the manufacture of the bark into paper by the Japanese was described by Kempfer (Am. ex. Fasc. vol. ii. p. 471), and also by Thunberg (Fl. Jap. p. 72). But the. process of boiling the branches, practised by them, is never resorted to in any part of Polynesia; and none of the Japan names (Sjo, Ri, Kaadsi, Kaasi, and Kansi) are much like the Polynesian.

Materials for the scanty clothing worn by the Fijians are readily base à by a variety of plants, fore- most amongst which stands the Malo or Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, Vent.), a middle-sized tree, with rough trilobed leaves, cultivated all over Fiji. On the coast, the native cloth (Tapa*) and plaitings are gradually displaced by cheap cotton prints introduced by foreign traders,—a fathom of which is considered enough for the entire dress of a man. In the inland heathen districts the boys are allowed to run naked until they have attained the age of puberty and publicly assumed what may be termed their toga virilis—a narrow strip of native cloth (Malo) passing between the legs, and fastened either to a waist- band of string or to a girdle formed by one of the ends of the cloth itself. The length of the Tapa hanging down in front denotes the rank of the wearer; the lower classes not having it longer than is absolutely necessary for the purposes of securing it to the waistband, whilst the chiefs let it dangle on the ground,

* Tapa=Kapa of some dialects, I take to mean originally “ covering ;" Atap, the name for thatch in the Indian Archipelago, doubtless belongs to the same set of words.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 247

and when incommoded by it in walking, playfully swing it over their shoulder. In the Christianized districts of the coast, a piece of Tapa, at least two yards long and one yard broad, is worn around the loins, and distinguished persons envelope their body in pieces many yards long, and allow long trains to drag after them on the ground. A fine kind of Tapa (Sala) is worn in the shape of a turban by those who still adhere to the old custom of letting their hair grow long. From a laudable desire to promote cleanliness the missionaries have pronounced against long hair and the use of the Sala, but in doing so they deprived the natives of a capital protection against the sun; the immense mass of hair curled and frizzled to make it stand off many inches, and covered with a piece of snow-white Tapa, must have kept the head cool. Now most of the Christian natives move about without any covering for their head, and with their hair cut short, which, in a tropical climate, cannot improve their mental power. The abolition of the old custom might have proved more beneficial, if immediately followed by the substitution of some kind of head-dress. The manu- facture of native cloth is entirely left to women in places not inhabited by great chiefs, probably because the noise caused by the beating out of the cloth is disliked by courtly ears. The rhythm of Tapa-beating imparts, therefore, as thoroughly a country air to a place in Fiji as that of threshing corn does to our European villages. The Masi tree is propagated by cuttings, and grown about two or three feet apart, in plantations resembling nurseries. For the purposes of making cloth it is not allowed to become higher than about twelve feet, and about one inch in diameter. The bark, taken off in as long strips as possible, is steeped in water, scraped with a conch shell, and then macerated. In this state it is placed on a log of wood, and beaten with a mallet (Ike), three sides of which have longitudinal grooves, and the fourth a plain surface. Two strips of Tapa are always beaten into one with the view of strengthening the fibre—an operation increasing the width of the cloth at the expense of its length. It is easy to join pieces together, the sap of the fibres being slightly glutinous; and in order to make the junction as perfect and durable as possible, a paste is prepared of arrowroot, or a glue of the viscid berries of the Tou (Cordia Sprengelii, DC.). Ihave seen pieces of native cloth, intended for mosquito curtains and screens, which were nearly one hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. Most of the cloth worn is pure white, being bleached in the sun as we bleach linen; but printed Tapa is also, though not so frequently, seen, whilst that used for curtains is always coloured. Their mode of printing is by means of raised forms of little strips of bamboo, on which the colour is placed, and the tops pressed ; indeed, the fundamental principle is the same as that of our printing books, the little strips of bamboo standing in the place of our types. The chief dye employed is the juice of the Lauci (Alewrites triloba, Forst.), and the pattern, though rudely executed, often displays much taste. It is stated that in timés when the Malo plantations have failed to produce a sufficient quantity of raw material, recourse is had to the Baka (Fieus obliqua, Forst.); but this is only a makeshift, whilst the bark of the Breadfruit-tree seems never to be resorted to in Viti as in other parts of Polynesia.

XV. Ficus, Tournef. Inst. t. 420; Linn. Gen. n. 1168; Endl. Gen. n. 1859. Recepta- culum earnosum, clausum, globosum v. pyriforme, basi squamoso-bracteatum, ore squamulis clauso. Flores co, minimi, in superficie interna receptaculi pedicellati, conferti, dioici v. superiores g, reliqui 9. Fl d: Perigonium 3-partitum. Stamina 3, perigonii laciniis opposita; filamenta capillaria; an- theræ introrse, 2-loculares, incumbentes. Fl. 9: Perigonium 5-fidum, tubo in pedicellum decur- rente. Ovarium gynophoro brevi sublateraliter impositum, l-loculare. Ovulum unicum, parieti styligero appensum, amphitropum, micropyle supera. Stylus lateralis gynophoro continuus, fili- formis; stigmate breviter 2-fido. Receptaculum fructiferum, succulentum, utriculis membranaceis exaridis, perigonii rudimentis stipatis foetum. Semen parietale, uncinatum; testa dura fragili. Embryo in centro albuminis carnosi homotropus, uncinatus ; cotyledonibus ellipticis incumbentibus ; radicula elongata, umbilico contigua, supera.—Arbores interdum excelse v. frutices scandentes lactescentes ; foliis alternis, integerrimis v. lobatis, stipulatis, stipulis magnis convolutis, gemmas terminales velantibus, deciduis v. persistentibus, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis v. confertis, raris- sime terminalibus racemosis. | y

Amongst Forster's plants at the British Museum there are no authentie specimens or drawings ot Ficus religiosa, Forst. Prodr. n. 402, non Linn., F. septica, Forst. 1. c. n. 407, F. stipulacea, Forst. 1. c. n. 571, ce F. Indica, Forst. |. e. n. 406; and I am therefore unable to clear up the synonymy satisfactorily. F. religiosa of Forster, from Tana, New Hebrides, is doubtless not the species to which Linnæus gave that

name; and there is no species from Tana in our collections which accords with the short diagnosis Forster furnishes. F. septica of Forster has been named F. verrucosa by Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 16, and is also from

2 Kk2

248 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Tana. F. ue, of. Forster, another species from Tana, was not described, but merely named; it may be identical with F. Forsteriana, Endl., which has rather large stipules, and in an unnamed scrap collected by Forster in Tana (?) this character rather than any other is prominent. F. Indica of Forster (F. Forste- riana, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 166), which Forster collected in Tonga, the New Hebrides, and New Caledonia, must be the species which Barclay found in Tana, New Hebrides, and Sir E. Home and Barclay in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia. Like F. obliqua, the branches throw out aerial roots. Barclay in his schedules calls it a tree fifty feet high; Forster, * arbor excelsa ;" and Sir E. Home has the following memorandum with his specimens :—“ A species of Banyan from the Isle of Pines, from the bark of - which the natives of Tana and the New Hebrides make their cloth, instead of that of the Paper Mulberry.” The species, from Barclay and Home’s specimens and notes, may be thus described: Arborea ; ramis radi- cantibus (modo F. Indice) ; foliis alternis petiolatis ovalibus v. ovato-lanceolatis breviter acuminatis inte- gerrimis basi acutis v. obtusis triplinerviis, nervis primariis utrinque 5-6; peduneulis aggregatis apice ealy- culatis ; receptaculis globosis (Pisi maj. mag.). Leaves less coriaceous than those of F. obliqua, and without the prominent márginal vein of that species, 21-31 inches long, 1-1} inch broad. This description agrees sufficiently well with that of Forster (foliis lanceolatis integerrimis petiolatis, pedunculis aggregatis, ramis radicantibus.—Arbor in Tana, Novarum Hebridum insula, umbrosa, excelsa, propter fructus parvulos et insipidos eolebatur. Hi ex eodem puncto seu cicatricula caudicis plures aggregati proveniebant, ita vt totus truncus iisdem consitus esset. Descriptionem hujus speciei ex meis sehedis deperdidi; an eum . F. Indica, Linn., merito conjugenda sit etiam dubito). Indeed, I hold F. Forsteriana, Endl., identical with : F. prolixa, Forst. Prodr. n. 410; Guill. Zephyr. Tait. p. 33; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.), p. 353 (Uro- stigma prolicum, Miq. ; nomen vernac. Tahitense, “ Aoa”), which, in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander ! Nelson! Forster!), was one of the sacred trees planted about temples. Ellis (* Polynesian Researches,’ vol. ii. p. 172,) says, “ The Aoa was not entirely devoted to the nature of that debasing superstition by which the people [of the Society Islands] were oppressed. With the thin slender twigs or young branches of this tree a strong kind of cloth was made, which they called Ora, or Aoa, and which, on account of its dura- bility, was highly esteemed. Garments made with the bark ofa tree constituted the principal article of native dress prior to the introduction of foreign cloth. It is manufactured chiefly by females, and was one of their most frequent employments. The name for cloth among the Tahitians is ahu. The Sandwich Island word tapa is, we believe, never used in this sense, but signifies a part of the human body. In the manufacture of their cloth, the natives of the South Sea Islands use a greater variety of materials than their neighbours in the northern group; the bark of the different varieties of Wauke, or Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papy- rifera), being the only article used by the latter*; while the former employ not only the bark of the Paper Mulberry, which they call Auti, but also that of the Aoa and of the Breadfruit.” i

F. Webbiana, Seem. (Covellia Webbiana, Miq.), was collected by Forster and Anderson in New Cale- donia (Herb. Brit. Mus.), but not described or named by the former.

F. Carica, Linn., is cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands ( Barelay !). l

F. Granatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 408, Icon. (ined.) t. 293, et Plant. Excl. n. 8, was collected in Tana (Forster !), and New Caledonia (Forster!). Allied to it are two species cultivated in the Sydney Botanie Gardens (F. habrophylla, G. Bennett, and F Tanensis, G. Bennett), both introduced from Tana, and one of which has, as F. Granatum, edible fruit. Dr. George Bennett, in his well-known ‘ Gatherings of a Natu- ralist, speaking of the many valuable plants of the Sydney Gardens, says, p. 341, * There is an elegant new species of Fig from Tana, with large, handsome, and luxuriant foliage, which I have named F. kabro- phylla. The fruit when ripe is of a purplish-red colour, and excellent for tarts and preserves. Growing close to it is another new species (F. Tanensis) from the same island.” As the latter two species had never been described, and I did not feel quite sure (having very hastily seen them some years ago in Sydney) whether they were different from p Granatum, I asked Dr. G. Bennett to forward specimens of them, which, with his usual readiness to assist scientific investigation, he kindly complied with, enclosing, at the same time, two other new species (F Bennettii, Seem., and F. Moorei, Seem.), from the Polynesian Islands, all four of which are allied to F. Granatum, Forst.

F. habrophylla, G. Bennett, * Gatherings of a N aturalist, p. 841; arborea; ramulis petiolis recepta- eulisque velutino-pubescentibus; foliis alternis obovato-oblongis integerrimis attenuatis basi cordatis penninerviis, venis primariis utrinque 15-17, glabris ; receptaculis axillaribus geminis pedunculatis obovato- obtusis, pedunculo medio articulato 3-bracteato, bracteis ovatis acutis.—Tana, New Hebrides. Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, N. S. Wales. Branchlets stout. Largest leaves from 12-15 inches long, and from 6-8 inches broad. Receptacles as large as those of the ordinary garden Fig. — —

F. Tanensis, G. Bennett, * Gatherings of a Naturalist,’ p. 341; arborea; ramulis petiolisque glabris ; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-oblongis v. obovato-oblongis abrupto-aeuminatis basi cordatis integerrimis glabris penninerviis, venis primariis utrinque 8-10 ; receptaculis axillaribus geminis longiuscule peduneu-

* This is not strictly correct, as the Sandwich Islanders also made cloth of the bark of Pipturus albidus, A. Gray. (Vide supra, p. 243.)

- . FLORA VITIENSIS. 249

latis globosis basi in pedunculum attenuatis puberulis demum: glabratis, pedunculis pukgpulis basi 3-brac- teatis, bracteis ovatis acutis .— Tana, New Hebrides. Cultivated in the Botanic Gardéns, Sydney, N. S. Wales. Branchlets stout. Leaves from 6-8 inches long, and from 3-4 inches broad. Peduncles as long as the petioles. Receptacle as large as a cherry.

F. Moorei (n. sp.), Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; arborea; ramulis pilosulis demum glabris; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi subeordatis, margine integerrimo undulato, glabris penni- nerviis, nervis primariis 7-13 (costaque in stirp. junior. purpureis); receptaculis axillaribus geminis pedun- eulatis obovatis glabris, pedunculo medio incrassato 8-bracteato, bracteis ovatis obtusiuseulis.— 7. sangui- nervium, Hort. F. Cooperi, Hort. ex Regel, Index Semin. Hort. Petropolit. 1866, p. 89 (?).—Samoan Islands (according to the records of the Sydney Botanic Gardens). Branchlets stout. Petiole 13-2 inches long. Blade of leaf from 10-12 inches long, and from 43-5 inches broad. Peduncle about a third as long as the petiole. Receptacle 6 lines in diameter. I have named this species in honour of my esteemed friend Mr. Charles Moore, Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens. Dr. Bennett writes, —* The plant is sold here at Sydney under the name of F. sanguinervium, from the midrib and primary veins being of a purplish colour; but, as this peculiarity is only seen in very young specimens, and disappears as the plant grows older, it would be an objectionable specific name.” I am almost sure that F.-Cooperi of our gardens, lately described by my friend Dr. Regel in the Seed Catalogue of: the Petersburg Garden, must also be referred here as a synonym. Dr. Regel was good enough to send me a leaf, which agrees tolerably well with those of the specimens from the Sydney Gardens.

1, F. tinctoria, Forst. Prodr. n. 405 ; Icon. (ined.) t. 292 (Tab. LXIII.); glabra, levis, foliis breviter petiolatis cartilagineis subtus pallidis reticulatis ovalibus utrinque acutis basi subobliquis integerrimis 3-plinerviis, venulis patentibus utrinque 8-10; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, recepta- culis axillaribus 2-nis globosis in stipitem longiusculum ima basi bracteatum constrictis ; perigonio d 3-phyllo l-andro; perigonio 9 5-phyllo.—Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 352, excl. syn. Rumph.; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 118; Miquel in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. vii. p. 436, t. 6 B. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Williams, “ Savirewa ;" Tahitense, teste So- lander, “ Matti."—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 437; Williams!), Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander !) and Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !)

. I subjoin Solander's description above referred to:—' Arbor magna, lactescens, tota glabra; truncus simplex. ami multos exserentes stolones. .Kamuli teretes. Folia alterna, petiolata, ovato-oblonga, acutiuscula, integerrima, utrinque levia, majora spithamam longa, 3 uncias lata, coriacea, venosa, venis raris venulisque pluribus reticulata. Petioli semiuncia paulo longiores, raro unciales, sepe euticula furfuracea induti. Fructus axillares, gemini, pedunculati, globosi, glabri, Piso paulo majores. Pedunculi teretes, brevis- simi, equales, petiolis duplo vel triplo breviores. Bractee 3, ovate, acute, parve, semilunares, ad basin singuli pedicelli. rei

EXPLANATION oF Puare LXIII., representing Ficus tinctoria.—Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, longitudinal section of the same; 3, male flower; 4, female flower; 5, pistil :—all magnified.

2, F. scabra, Forst. Prodr. n. 403; Icon. (ined.) t. 290 (Tab. LXIV.); ramulis petiolisque pubescentibus ; foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi oblique cordatis 3-5-plinerviis integerrimis, utrinque scabris demum glabratis; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis ; receptaculis axillaribus 2.nis globosis calyculatis; fl. 9 5-phyllis, phyllis lineari-spathulatis ciliatis. —Nomen vernac. Viti- ense, “ Ai Masi."— Port Kinnaird, Island of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 445 et 448). Also collected in Tana, New Hebrides (Forster!) and Tonga (Sir E. Home !) T

This tree is called “ Ai Masi” (from the verb “ masi-a "—to scour), the leaves being used as sand-paper

by the natives. Forster describes the receptacle as ecalyculate, but there are three small bracts at the

upper end of the peduncle. : rat US ua EXPLANATION or Prate LXIV., representing Ficus scabra, Forst.—Fig. 1, receptacle ; 2, longitudinal

section of the same; 3 and 4, female flowers :—all magnified.

3. F. aspera, Forst. Prodr. n. 404; Plant. Escul. p. 36. n. 7, et Icon. (ined.) t. 291 (Tab. LXV.); arborea; ramulis petiolis foliisque junioribus pubescentibus, sensim scabrescentibus et glabrioribus ; foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis longe acuminatis basi oblique cordatis subrepando-den-

250 FLORA VITIENSIS.

tatis v. integerrimis 3-nerviis, venis utrinque 8-12; receptaculis axillaribus 2-nis pedunculatis basi bracteatis globoso-urceolatis tomentoso-pubescentibus, demum glabratis, pedunculis basi bracteatis ; perigonio fl. ? 4-phyllo, phyllis ovato-oblongis v. lineari-oblongis acutis glabris. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Masi draudrau.”—Buke Levu Mountain, Kadavu (Seemann! n. 446). Also collected in Tana, New Hebrides (Forster! Anderson! Barclay !), where it is also cultivated on account of its edible fruit; Brisbane river, New Holland (Cunningham !).

A tree 50 feet high. My specimens agree exactly with those of Forster and his drawing. The Vitian name of the plant signifies the Fig-tree, on the leaves of which food is served or wrapped.

EXPLANATION oF PrarE LXV., representing Ficus aspera.—Fig. 1, longitudinal section of recep. tacle; 2 and 3, female flowers; 4 and 5, pistils :—all, with the exception of Fig. 1, magnified.

4. F. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; foliis longe petiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi sub- cordatis, integerrimis 3-plinerviis utrinque seaberrimis; receptaculis solitariis (an semper ?) sessili- bus globoso-depressis.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 447).

Allied to F. scabra, but the fruit is larger, and the leaves have long petioles, are different in shape, and always equilateral. Petiole 1-14 inch long; blade of leaf 4-8 inches long, 33-5 inches broad, with 5-6 primary veins on each side of the midrib. Ripe fruit 9 lines in diameter.

5. F. Harveyi, (sp. nov.) Seem.; petiolis elongatis ferrugineo-paleaceis, demum glabratis ; foliis ovato- v. obovato-oblongis abrupte acuminatis integerrimis glabris 3-plinerviis; receptaculis 2 axillaribus sessilibus globoso-depressis.—N amosi, interior of Viti Levu, and Moturiki (Seemann! n. 440 et 444). Also collected by Harvey, but exact locality not specified.

Petiole often 23 inches long, with brown seales, ultimately glabrous. Blade of leaf 8-9 inches long, 5 inches broad. Receptacle 1 inch in diameter.

6, F. Bennettii, (n. sp.) Seem. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; arborea; ramulis petiolis peduncu- lisque pubescentibus; foliis alternis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi cordatis, margine integerrimo undulato, glabris penninerviis, venis primariis utrinque 10-12, subtus prope axillas glanduliferis ; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis (an semper?) pedunculatis globosis pedunculisque velutinis; pedun- culis medio 8-bracteatis; bracteis ovatis obtusiusculis.— Viti, exact locality not specified (according to specimens cultivated at the Botanic Gardens, Sydney). ei

T have named this fine species, which is allied to F. Granatum, Forst., F. Moorei, Seem., F. habrophylla, G. Bennett, and F, Tanensis, G. Bennett, in honour of my esteemed friend Dr. George Bennett, F.L.S., of Sydney, author of several well-known works on Polynesia. Branchlets stout. Leaves coriaceous, from

8-10 inches long, and 4-6 inches broad. Petiole 1 inch long. Peduncle 10-12 lines long. Receptacle 14 inch in diameter. :

7. F. Barclayi, Seem. (Tab. LXVI); petiolis pedunculis et receptaculis junioribus pilis teneris fugacibus conspersis ; foliis alternis breviter petiolatis inzequilatero-elliptieis attenuato-subacu- minatis acumine lato obtuso basi inzquali subcordatis denticulato-repandis 3-nerviis et utrinque circiter 5-venuloso-costatis, supra glabris levibus, subtus pallidis sublzevibus rarissime hinc illic pilis conspersis ; receptaculis axillaribus (solitariis) pedunculatis ovatis dein globosis, basi nudis; bracteis parvis supra pedunculum sparsis.—Covellia Barclayana, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. vii. p. 461. t. 7B. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Loselose."— South coast of Viti Levu (Barclay! n. 3465, Seemann ! n. 438).

Shrub 6 feet high. “The smaller branches are used by the natives as bougies, hence a bougie is called a loselose."—Fij. Diet. p. 317. The fruit is edible.

EXPLANATION oF Pirate LXVI, representing Ficus Barclayi.—Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, longitudinal section of the same ; 3, female flower; 4, pistil:—all magnified.

8. F. bambuszefolia, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LXVII.); fruticosa, glabra; foliis alternis ovato-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 291

linearibus longe attenuatis basi obtusis v. acutis obscure denticulatis 9-plinerviis glabris ; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis pedunculatis globosis (Pisi maj. magnitudine) basi bracteatis ; bracteis rotundato- ovatis obtusis; fl. 4 perigonio 4-phyllo, phyllis 4-spathulatis dentatis, stamine 1; fl. 9 perigonii phyllis 4 lineari-spathulatis dentatis stylo laterali—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ‘ Loselose ni wai,” — Banks of the Navua and Rewa rivers, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 439), growing with Lindenia Vitiensis and Acalypha rivularis.

“ Loselose ni wai” (i. e. water or river Loselose) is the name by which this species is known, in contra- distinction to the other Loselose (F, Barclayi, Seem.), which does not grow near rivers. A shrub about 6 feet high, with a willow-like habit. Branches slender and flexible. Leaves on short petioles 3-5 inches long, 4-6 lines broad. Receptacle about the size of a large pea.

Expianation or PrarE LXVII., representing Ficus bambusafolia, Seem.—Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, section of the same; 3, male flower; 4 and 5, female flowers :—ail magnified,

9. F. obliqua, Forst. Prodr. n. 409, et Icon. (ined.) t. 294 (Tab. LXVIII. Fig. 1-7) ; arborea, glabra; trunco ramisque radicantibus; foliis alternis lanceolatis v. ellipticis utrinque acutis sspe obliquis coriaceis penninerviis crassiuscule marginatis; pedunculis geminis brevissimis ; receptaculis globosis (Pisi maj. magnitudine), basi bracteis 3 brevibus cinctis; fl. 3 perigonio 4-phyllo, 1-andro ; fl. $ stylo laterali.—Urostigma obliquum, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. p. 563. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Baka."— Island of Taviuni (Seemann ! n. 436). Also collected in Namoka and Tana (Forster !).

Forster says of the bracts (calyx) that they are as long as the receptacle; but neither in his mss. drawing nor in his specimens are they longer than drawn in my plate. Fig. 8 of Plate LXVIII. may perhaps prove a distinet species; but the specimens from which that figure was taken grew close to an old tree of F. obliqua, and I took them to be seedlings of the same. The leaves, however, are less coriaceous than those of the specimens represented by Fig. 1. :

F. obliqua is termed Baka by the Vitians, and, like the allied F. proliza of the Society Islands, bles regarded by the natives as a sacred tree. The Baka is not famous for its timber; but its habit is re- markable as that of the Banyan-tree of India, aerial roots propping up its branches and forming a fantastic maze which no words can describe. At first living as an epiphyte on other trees, it soon acquires such dimensions that it kills its supporter, and henceforward must draw its nourishment from the soil. There are fine specimens of the Baka on the Isthmus of Kadavu; and on an islet belonging to Mr. Hennig, the aerial root of the Baka formed a cabin in whieh Mr. Pritchard, myself, and all our boat's erew took shelter during a heavy tropical shower ; and twenty more persons might have fourid room there. The crown of this tree was one hundred and fifty-two feet in diameter, or four hundred and fifty-six feet in circumference. The horizontal branches and the large roots issuing from all parts of the stem, and more sparingly from the branches, rendered this tree a noble object, well caleulated to inspire pleasure or awe. The Rev. W. Moore lamented the destruction of one of these fine trees near Rewa, committed by a sick man in hopes that it might be pleasing to the Christian God, and incline him to favour his convalescence. These sacred groves and trees were not worshipped as gods, but, as in the Odie religions of our ancestors, looked upon as places where certain gods had taken up their abode. In times when the plantations of Broussonetia papyrifera fail to produce a sufficient quantity of raw material for making native cloth, recourse is had to the Baka.

Expnanation oF Prare LXVIIL-Fig. 1, branch of Ficus obliqua, Forst.; 2 and 3, receptacles; 4, section of the receptacle ; 5, male flower ; 6, female flower; 7, pistil:—all magnified. Fig. 8, branch of a plant, supposed to be a young seedling of F. obliqua (natural size). Bain

10. F. Storckii, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LXIX.); arborea; ramulis tenuibus; foliis alternis petiolatis oblique cordato-ovatis breviter acuminatis integerrimis glabris 3-5-plinerviis ; receptaculis aggregatis pedunculatis ex trunco ramisve globosis (Pisi maj. magnitudine) scabris; pedunculis ebracteatis; fl. 9 perigonio 5-phyllo, phyllis subspathulatis pilosulis, stylo laterali.—Buke Levu Mountain, Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 442!). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Barclay !).

A tree about 40 feet high. Branches not emitting aerial roots. Leaves on petioles 1 inch long. Blade 5-7 inches long, 4-6 inches broad. Peduncles in clusters, growing from the trunk and old wood, never from the axils of the growing branches, as in many other species. Peduncles longer than the diameter of receptacle. . . -

252 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Expnanation OF Prate LXIX., representing Ficus Storckii, Seem.—Fig. 1, longitudinal section of receptacle; 2, female flower after the style has fallen off; 3, female flower; 4, pistil; 5, utricules :—all magnified.

1l. F. Pritchardii, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LXX.) ; arborea, glabra ; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato- oblongis acuminatis basi acutis obliquis integerrimis penninerviis, venis primariis utrinque 9-10 ; receptaculis cymoso-paniculatis ex trunco erumpentibus globosis pedunculatis basi bracteatis; fl. 9 perigonio phyllis 3 ovatis obtusis glabris; stylo laterali.—Buke Levu Mountain, Island of Kadavu, in dense forests about 2000 feet above the sea (Seemann! n. 443).

Named in honour of Mr. W. T. Pritchard, F.R.G.S., at the time of my visit H.B.M. Consul in Viti, who was present when I discovered this species. A tree 40 feet high. Leaves 5-6 inches long, 21-3 inches broad, underneath densely covered with minute dot-like warts. Receptacles in panicled cymes (perhaps branches with abortive leaves), which grow out of the trunk and old wood. Receptacle about the size of a large pea. .

ExpLaNation OF Prate LXX., representing Ficus Pritchardii, Seem.—Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, see- tion of the same; 3, female flower ; 4, pistil :—all magnified.

Me a ag

12. F. theophrastoides, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. LXXI.) ; arborea, glabra; trunco erecto subsim- plici ; stipulis ovatis acuminatis; foliis alternis brevissime petiolatis obovato-oblongis acuminatis basi cordatis pinnatinerviis, nervis primariis utrinque 18-20 ; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis geminisve brevissime pedunculatis globosis, basi bracteis ovatis obtusis cinctis ; fl. ? perigonio 1-phyllo pistillo- que glabro.—Island of Ovalau, at Port Kinnaird (Seemann! n. 441).

A small tree, in habit not unlike that of a Theophrasta or Orescentia regia, the trunk forming straight. generally simple poles, crowded at the point with large leaves. Leaves from 14-2 feet long, and from 5-7 inches broad, leathery, entire. Receptacle from 14-2 inches diameter.

ExpiaNnation oF Prats LXX. representing Ficus theophrastoides, Seem.—Fig. 1, receptacle ; 2, the

same cut longitudinally ; 3, bract; 4, female flower ; 5, pistil; 6, young utriculus :—ail, with exception of Fig. 1 and 2, magnified.

Svzonpo IV, ARTOCARPEJE.

Represented in tropical Polynesia by Antiaris, Caturus, Artocarpus, and Trophis.

- XVI. Antiaris, Leschen. in Ann. du Mus. vol. xvi. p. 476. t. 22; Trécul in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. vol. viii. p. 142. t. 6. f. 158-162. Flores monoici. Fl. d in involucro co-floro cc-phyllo, foliolis plurifariam imbricatis, receptaculum demum convexum cingentibus, dense congesti. Perigonia 4- rarius 3-phylla, inter se aliquando connata; foliolis spathulatis, apice inflexis, zstivatione imbri- catis. Stamina 4, rarius 3, perigonii foliolis opposita, inclusa; filamenta brevissima; anther oblong:e, erectze, extrorse, biloculares, loculis connectivo lineari adnatis, rima longitrorsum dehiscen- tibus. Fl. 9 super receptaculum foliolis imbricatis instructum solitarii. Perigonium 0. Stylus brevis, 2-fidus, cruribus filiformibus. Ovarium involuero connatum, 1-loculare,1-ovulatum ; ovulum ex apice loculi pendulum, anatropum. Fructus drupaceus. Semen testa chartacea ; embryo exalbu- minosus, cotyledonibus plano-convexis crassis; radicula supera.—Arbores v. frutices lactescentes ;. foliis (in A. toricaria) distichis petiolatis integris integerrimis, nonnunquam dentatis, basi sspe cordatis, apice acutis v. acuminatis; stipulis 2 axillaribus, non amplexicaulibus ; inflorescentiis axil- laribus, masculis geminis v. pluribus femineis solitariis.

Hitherto only three species of Antiaris were known, viz. A. toxicaria, Lesch. (the genuine Upas-tree

of Java), A. innoxia, Bl., and A. macrophylla, R. Br. A fourth species (ramis foliisque utrinque velutinis) is cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. A fifth species was found by Thwaites in Ceylon, and

FLORA VITIENSIS. 253

has been described by me as A. Zeylanica (Bonpl. vol. x. p. 4, in adnot.*); it is called by the Cingalese “ Ritti-gass," and supplies, like A. saccidora, Dalz., materials for sacks. In his Enumeratio Pl. Zeyl. p. 263, Thwaites classes it with A. innoxia, Bl., and A. saccidora, Dalz.; but I am by no means certain that even A. innoxia and A. saccidora are identical, and feel convinced that A. Zeylanica, Seem., is a very distinct species, at once distinguished from A. saccidora, Dalz., of which Wight gives a figure, by its seabrous leaves and pear-shaped fruits. A sixth species was found by Welwitsch in Western tropical Africa (A. Africana, Seem.), and a seventh is the one which, in honour of its original discoverer, I have named A. Bennettii.

l. A. Bennettii, (n. sp.) Seem. in Bonpl. vol. ix. (1861) p. 259, et ibid. vol. x. p. 3. t. 7 (1862) (Tab. LXXII.) ; Bennett’s ‘Gatherings of a Naturalist in Australasia,’ p. 403; arbor mediocris ; ramulis petiolisque pubescentibus, demum glabris; foliis brevipetiolatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis, basi inzequali-subcordatis, utrinque subglabris, supra lucidis; fl. 4 fasciculatis (2—4), pedunculis velutino-pubescentibus, involucro laciniis ovato-acuminatis perigoniorum longitudine re- flexis; fl. ? solitariis; drupa ovato-acuta, dense velutina.—Nomen vernac. Tucopiense, * Mami,” teste G. Bennett; Vitiense, “Mavu ni Toga,” teste Seemann.—In Viti Levu, about Namara, and in Moturiki (Seemann! n. 449, Harvey !). Also collected in Tucopia, lat. 12? S., long. 169? E. (G. Bennett! in Herb. Hook.), and Wallis Island, lat. 16? 30' S., long. 176? W. (Sir E. Home! in Mus. Brit.)

Closely allied to A. macrophylla, R. Br., from the northern parts of New Holland, but at once distin- guished by its fruits being thickly covered with velvety hair. It was found in Fiji, first by Prof. Harvey, afterwards by me. About thirty years earlier, however, viz. in May, 1830, it had been discovered by Dr. George Bennett, of Sydney, New South Wales, on a small island situated north-west of Fiji, in lat. 12? S., long. 169? E., and was thus alluded to in his * Gatherings of a Naturalist in Australasia’ (8vo, London, 1860, p. 403) :—“ When visiting the Island of Tucopia in May [1830], I observed the Antiaris, or Upas- tree, planted in rows near the native huts; but I am not aware that it is indigenous. Itis named * Mami” by the natives. It is allied to the celebrated Upas-tree of Java, and accords with A. macrophylla, described and figured by the late Dr. Brown in the Appendix to * Flinders's Voyage. The tree at Tucopia is of slender growth, with pendulous branches ; it was growing to the height of 8 to 12 feet. The leaves are oblong, large, pointed, distinctly-veined, and of a light green colour. The fruit is oval, rather larger than a pigeon's egg, rough externally, and of a beautiful crimson colour. Between the husk and kernel there is a quantity of white viscid juice. The kernel, of white colour and intensely bitter taste, is enclosed in a thin shell of a grey colour. It is planted by the natives either for dyeing or manufacturing the bark into native cloth. Specimens in fruit and flower are in the Botanical Collection of the British Museum." Thus far Dr. Bennett. :

The Mavu ni Toga (=Tonga) was formerly planted about heathen temples, and is even now to be found in towns and villages. It is a middle-sized tree, with a thick crown of foliage, oblong glossy leaves, and a fleshy fruit of the size of an apricot, covered with velvety hair, and of a most beautiful crimson colour. : A gum exuding from the stem and branches is used for arrows. The exact nature of its poisonous qualities has not yet been ascertained. That they are not equal to those ascribed to the true Upas-tree of Java (4. toxicaria, Lesch.) is proved by the manner in which the natives handle it; but it is impossible to say whether one of the reasons for its cultivation near temples, and its probable introduction from Tonga, may not be found in its yielding a poison, of which the heathen priests may have occasionally made use. Mr. Storck inclines to that opinion. Mavu ni Toga literally means the Mavu from the Tongan Islands ; and it is not improbable that the tree may have been introduced from there, I have not met with any speci- mens from Tonga in our herbaria; but that would not prove that A. Bennettii has originally not been derived from Tonga, as that group has been explored only very superficially, and Sir E. Home found it east of Fiji, viz. at Wallis Island, in long. 176° W. For the present, Viti must be regarded as the extreme southern limit of this species (and also of the genus Antiaris), and Tucopia as the northern. 1t is note- worthy-that neither Dr. George Bennett nor I found this species in a truly wild state; for in Viti it looks as if originally planted. The beauty of the foliage and the rich colour of the fruit fully entitle it to a place

* Antiaris Zeylanica, Seem. in Bonpl. vol. x. p. 4, in adnot. ; arbor excelsa; ramulis petiolis pedunculis drupisque velutinis; foliis obovato-oblongis acuminatis integerrimis, supra seabris, subtus hirtellis; invo- lueri masculi laciniis perigoniorum longitudine reflexis; drupa obovato-obtusa (v. s. sp.).—4. innoxia, Thwaites, Enum. Zeyl. p. 263, non Bl, excl. syn. omn.—In Zeylania, ubi, teste el. Thwaites, * Ritti-gass P vocatur.—The fruit of A. saccidora, Dalz., is elliptical in shape, as may be seen in the figure of it published by Wight, who distinctly states that it represents the Indian, not the Cingalese plant.

2L

[PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 28, 1868.]

954 FLORA VITIENSIS.

i

m our living collections; and we were so much struck with these. qualities, that Mrs. Smythe made a coloured drawing of the plant on the spot, which, together with my dried specimens, served as the basis of the plate published in the * Bonplandia,’ and also in this work. :

EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXII., representing Antiaris Bennettii, Seem.—Fig. 1 and 2, receptacle of male flowers ; 3, longitudinal section of the same; 4,a male flower; 5, perigonal leaf; 6, stamens ; 7, ripe fruit, cut longitudinally :—all, with exception of Fig. 7, magnified.

XVII. Caturus, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 612, non Linn. Flores dioici. Fl. d in spicas oo- floras bracteatas dispositis. Perigonium 3-phyllum. Stamina 3, szestivatione induplicata ; filamenta brevissima; antherz ovate, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium abortivum. Stigma .2.lamellatum. Fl. 9 in capitulas globosas v. oblongas arcte aggregatis, aliis fertilibus, aliis abortivis. Perigonium urceolatum, apice dentatum ovarium includens. Ovarium superum, l-loculare, 1-ovu- latum, ovulo pendulo. Stylus 1, terminalis; stigmata 2, filiformia. Fructus drupaceus, Semen 1; embryo curvatus, cotyledonibus conduplicatis inzequalibus, radicula supera.—F'rutices arborescentes, scandentes, lactiferi, ramis sepius verrucosis, foliis alternis ovatis v. oblongis integerrimis v. dentatis penninerviis, stipulis axillaribus 2; floribus axillaribus solitariis binis v. ternis; masculis spicatis, femineis capitatis.— Malaisia, Blanco, Flor. Filip. (1837) p. 789; Endl. Gen. n. 1880-1. p. 1376. Dumartroya, Gaud. Bonit. t. 97.

Loureiro's genus Caturus (Caturus of Linneus being a synonym of Acalypha) has been referred by Dr. Mueller-Arg. (DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 906) to Alchornea amongst Euphorbiaceae. Dr. Mueller exa- mined Loureiro's authentie specimen at the British Museum, but it should be added that there are male flowers only, and that he was unacquainted with the large synonymy of the plant. The genus is identical with Malaisia, of the generic character of which Endlicher, in his first Supplement, p. 1376, has given a somewhat incorrect Latin version, and also with Gaudichaud’s * Dumartroya,' of which a plate, but no descrip- tion, was published in the ‘ Botany of the Bonite’s Voyage.’ Endlicher ranged the genus amongst the genuine Urticeæ, near Elatostema, but Gaudichaud, more correctly, with Antiaridee. Indeed, it is closely allied to Antiaris itself. Trécul, in his ‘Monograph,’ has quite overlooked it, though there are several species, nine of which are known to me, and more will probably turn up in herbaria and. scattered publications, if a proper search, which I have not the time to make just now, is instituted. These species are the fol- lowing, viz. :—

1. C. torulosus, Seem.— M. tortuosa, Blanco, Fl. de Filipinas (1837), p. 789. Nomen vernac. Philip- pinense, “ Malaisis," fide Blanco.— Philippine Islands (Cuming! n. 1314; Blanco), where a decoction of the plant is given medicinally to women at childbirth.

2. C. scandens, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 612.—Zrophis scandens, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 214. Alchornea scandens, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. vol. xv. p. 906. Malaisia scandens, Planch. in Herb. Hook. Cudrania Javanensis, Wight, Icon. t. 1960, non Tréeul. Morus scandens, Hort. Caleut.; Wall. Cat. n. 4652; foliis obovato-oblongis abrupte acuminatis basi obtusis integerrimis.—Macao and Canton, South China (Millet! Hance!), Cochinchina (Loureiro! in Mus. Brit.).

3. C. fagifolius, Seem.— Dumartroya fagifolia, Gaud. Bonit. tab. 97; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi cordatis dentatis.— Native country unknown to me. :

4. C. oblongatus, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; Herb. Mus. Brit.; foliis alternis ovato-oblongis acuminatis glabris integerrimis penninerviis, venis primariis utrinque 12-14, supra atro-viridibus, subtus subalbidis; spicis d axillaribus solitariis, elongatis.—Tahiti (Capt. Cook! in Mus. Brit.; Bidwill! in Herb. Kew.).—Evi- dently an undescribed plant. According to Bidwill's notes, it is a tree twenty feet high, and very rare in the mountains behind Papeito, island of Tahiti. ;

5. C. pelagicus, (sp. nov.) Seem.—From Viti (Seemann, 434 B) and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! in Herb. Mus. Brit.).

6. C. Deplanchei, (sp. nov.) Seem.—New Caledonia (Deplanche! n. 103).

7. O. virescens, Seem.— Malaisia virescens, Planch. mss. in Herb. Hook.—Brisbane, Queensland (Cun- ningham !).

E DIU ER Seem.— Malaisia Cunninghami, Planch. mss. in Herb. Hook.— Brisbane, Queens- land (Cunningham! F. Mueller !). ;

9. C. acuminatus, Seem.—Malaisia acuminata, Planch. mss. in Herb. Hook.— East coast of Australia (Backhouse! Oldfield !).

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. 255

1, C. pelagicus, (sp. nov.) Seem.; ramulis foliisque glabris ; foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-ob- longis abrupte acuminatis v. obtusis, integerrimis coriaceis, supra lucidis penninerviis, nervis venisque subtus prominulis; fl. axillaribus pedunculatis, pedunculis spicas 3 villoso-puberulas gerentibus,— Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 434 B). Also collected in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

I collected nothing but very young male flowers in bud. What induced me to refer it to this genus was a specimen, collected by M‘Gillivray in New Caledonia, preserved at the British Museum, which agrees exactly in habit, foliage, and pubescence, with my n. 434 B, but which has only female flowers. "These female flowers are in heads arranged in axillary cymose racemes, and their style is about twelve lines long. They quite agree, as far as I can make out, with those of the typical Caturus; and specimens gathered at Wide Bay, Australia (Bidwill!), seem also to belong to my C. pelagicus. My Viti specimens have slender, dark-coloured branches, with small white warts: their leaves are from 23—3 inches long, 13-14 inch broad, smooth above, and with prominent veins below; their primary veins being from 7—12 on each side of the midrib; their peduncles are braeteate; and their flowers numerous, and in dense spikes.

XVIII. Artocarpus, Forst. Plant. Esc. p. 23; Trécul, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. vol. viii. p. 109. t. 4. f. 100-120. Flores monoici, d et 9 in receptaculis distinctis globosis oblongisve dense conferti. Flores ebracteolati v. bracteolis peltatis interstineti. Fl. 4: Perigonium 2-3-4-phyllum ; foliolis liberis aut magis minusve inter se connatis, concavis, obtusis, in zestivatione imbricatis. Stamen 1, centrale, exsertum ; filamentum complanatum ; anthera oblonga v. brevissima, 2-locularis, loculis primum uni- lateralibus, postea oppositis, rima longitrorsum dehiscentibus, interdum incumbens, dorso medio filamenti vertici affixa. Fl. 9 : Perigonia magis minusve inter se adnata. Perigonium tubulosum, integrum, apice poro apertum. Stylus terminalis v. excentricus, simplex, stigmate cylindrico spathu- lato v. peltato terminatus, aut rarissime 2—3-fidus, cruribus stigmatosis, Ovarium liberum, 1-loculare, rarissime 2—3-loculare, loculis l-ovulatis; ovulum prope verticem loculi pendulum, anatropum. Syncarpium acheniis creberrimis paucis v. unico, perigoniis persistentibus inclusis compositum. Pericarpium pergamaceum, indehiscens. Semen parieti styligero pendulum ; testa membranacea. Embryo exalbuminosus, homotropus; cotyledonibus crassis ; radicula supera.— Arbores lactescenges ; foliis alternis, seepe distichis petiolatis ovatis obovatis oblongisve integerrimis, trilobis aut pinnatifidis, glabris v. pubescentibus; stipulis 2 deciduis axillaribus, nune magnis amplexicaulibus oppositis, altera marginibus alteram tegente, nunc minimis non amplectentibus ; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis simplicibus, in amenta globosa aut elongata desinentibus.— Sitodium, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 814; et in Parkins. Icon. (ined.) t. 86-90. Rima, Sonner. Voy. p. 99. t. 57-60. Rademachia, Thunb. Act. Holm. vol xxxvi. p. 252. Soccus, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 104-110. Polyphrema, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. ii. p. 346.

1. A. incisa, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 23; et Icon. (ined.) t. 250, 251, 252; Trécul, l. c. p. 110; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2869, 2871; foliis integerrimis v. pinnatifidis, lobis oblongis acutis acuminatis v. pinnatifidis; stylo 2- v. 3-fido.—Rademachia incisa, Thunb. Act. Holm. vol. xxxvi. p. 252. Soccus, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 112. t. 33. Sitodium utile, Sol. l.c. p. 314; et in Parkins. l.c. t. 86-90. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Uto.”—Cultivated throughout Viti, and in some parts to all appear- ances wild (Seemann! n. 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460). Tahiti (Banks and Solander!); Hawaiian Islands (Seemann !). l

In Viti the breadfruit is seen in regular forests, and in a great number of varieties, which a new-comer has some difficulty in distinguishing, until he has learnt to observe that in the shape of the leaves—which are either entire, pinnatisect, or bi-pinnatisect—their size, and their either bullate or even surface, the shape and size of the fruits, the time of its maturity, the absence or presence, as well as the length of the prickles on its outside, and the abortion of its ovules or their development into seeds, offer good marks of distinction. The general Fijian name for the breadfruit is “ Uto,” signifying “the heart,” from the oe of the

L

256 FLORA VITIENSIS.

form of the fruit to that organ, whilst the varieties are distinguished by additional names. Those less frequently cultivated are, however, not known by the same names throughout the group, but bear different ones in different districts. Hence, the exact number of varieties cannot be accurately determined, until there shall be a botanic garden in Fiji, where a complete collection of breadfruits is cultivated. 1 have identified several names of the most prominent varieties, but hesitate about others, as I could only take the leaves with me from place to place, and often did not see the fruit, or had to carry it in my mind’s eye. The principal breadfruit season is in March and April, but some kinds ripen considerably later or earlier, whilst in some districts the season itself is altogether later. It may thus be said, speaking generally, that there is ripe breadfruit, more or less abundant, throughout the year, in either one part or the other. The fruit is made into puddings or simply boiled or baked. Quantities of it are preserved underground, to make “madrai” or native bread. Some kinds are best suited for puddings, some for bread, or culinary pur- poses of a still more simple description. Besides the fruit, the wood of the breadfruit-tree is useful, but that of some kinds better adapted for canoes and buildings than others. The bark is not beaten into cloth, as in other parts of Polynesia; but the gum (drega), issuing from cuts made into the stem, is used for paying the seams of canoes.

The two most common kinds are Uto dina and Uto buco. The Uto dina, or true breadfruit, has pinna- tisect leaves, the surface of which is even, and destitute of that bullate appearance which imparts to the Kogo and other varieties an almost sickly look; the fruit, bearing abortive ovules, is nearly round, smooth on the outside, and supported on stalks four to five inches long, which, from the very first, are bent down- wards. It is this variety which most botanists consider as the type of the species, and the adjective “ dina,” true or genuine, given by the Fijians, may be cited as a proof of the correctness of this surmise. But if we have to look for an original stock from which all other sorts have sprung, we ought not to select one which, like the Uto dina, has invariably abortive ovules, and can therefore not produce seeds from which new varieties can be raised. The Uto sore, Uto vaka sorena, or Uto maliva, as it is termed in different districts, has not that deficiency, but does yield ripe seeds in abundance, and has, therefore, greater claims to be regarded as the type from which all the other varieties may have been raised. The name of Uto dina (true or genuine breadfruit) may perhaps have been applied on account of its goodness, which, I believe, is undis- puted. The Uto buco also has pinnatisect leaves with an even surface, as opposed to the bullate one of other kinds, and an obovate obtuse fruit of larger size than that of the Uto dina, and quite free from any prickles on the outside when fully ripe.

In order to obtain a clearer insight into the varieties, it will be best to subjoin a synopsis of all the breadfruits cultivated in Fiji :— :

m I. LEAVES NEARLY OR QUITE ENTIRE.

1. Uto lolo bears this name in the Straits of Somosomo, and is called Uto cokocoko in the Rewa district ; perhaps, also, identical with the Uto dogodogo and Uto draucoko mentioned in the Fijian Dictionary. Tt looks different from all others, the leaves, especially when the tree gets older, being quite entire; in young plants they are sometimes obscurely lobed. The fruit is without seeds.

II. LEAVES PINNATISECT.

2. Uto dina.—Known by that name, and that name only, throughout Fiji. Leaves with an even sur- face; fruit without seeds, nearly spherical, with a smooth surface, and supported on stalks, four or five inches long, nodding from the first. : ; am. :

3. Uto buco.—Known by that name throughout the group. Leaves with an even surface, and in young plants often entire. Fruit ovate, obtuse, larger than that of most sorts, destitute of seeds, and with a smooth surface when ripe. Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.).

4. Uto kogo.—Known by this name throughout the group, but in some dialects called Ogo and Qogo. Leaves bullate; fruit without seeds, and as large as that of Ufo dina, smooth on surface.

5. Uto votovoto.—Known by this name throughout the group. Leaves with an even surface; fruit oblong, without seeds, and covered with prickles three-quarters of an inch long. i

6. Uto varaqa (Uto varaka in some dialects).—Known by this name in Rewa and Bau. Leaves larger than those of any other kind ; fruit roundish, of middle size, without seeds, and with a rough surface.

7. Uto bokasi—Known by that name in Rewa and Ovalau. Leaves with even surface ; fruit obovate, with a smooth surface, without seeds, erect when young, nodding when ripe, and arriving at maturity early in the season:

8. Uto sore.—Known by that name in Rewa, by that of Uto vaka sorena in Ovalau, Uto asalea in the Straits of Somosomo, and Ufo maliva at Nukubalava. Uto sasaloa may also prove a synonym. “Sore” or * Sorena " signifies a seed ; hence Ufo sore, or Uto vaka sorena, is the seed-bearing breadfruit; the only

FLORA VITIENSIS. 2917

kind in which the ovules develop into seeds, rendering it probable that this kind is the parent of all the others. Leaves with even surface.

9. Uto rokouta.—Known by that name at Namara, near Bau. Leaves bullate, giving the tree a sickly look. ;

10. Uto balekana.—Known by that name in the Straits of Somosomo and at Ovalau. Leaves with even surface; fruit small, but of superior quality, according to the natives.

11. Uto qio.—Known by that name in Ovalau. Fruit almost as large as that of Ufo buco. “Qio” is the name for shark, and was probably given to this fruit from its surface resembling in roughness that of the fish. E

12. Uto vono.—Known by that name at Somosomo. Leaves with even surface, and very large; fruit largish.

III. LEAVES BIPINNATIFID.

13. Uto kalasai.—Known by that name in Rewa, and by that of Uto sawesawe in the Straits of Somo- somo. The leaves, especially when the plant is young, are distinctly bipinnatifid, in which respect this kind differs from all others; fruit, according to natives, rather oblong and covered with prickles. Also col- lected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! in Mus. Brit.).

Ll

Of the following I know nothing, save the names, taken partly from Hazelwood's Fijian Dictionary, partly from a list of breadfruits known at Ovalau, and kindly communieated by the late Mr. Binner, of Levuka. Most of them will doubtless prove synonyms of those enumerated above :—Draucoko (=Coko- eoko ?), Bucotabua Utoga (— Koqo), Waisea, Utoloa (— Uto lolo ?), Matavesi, Dregadrega (N.B. Drega is the name of the gum issuing from the stem), and Buco uvi. The *Bueudo" of Wilkes's Narrative is probably RR Buco, though he mentions the latter name spelt * Umbuda;" but what can be meant by his “ Botta-bot "7

-

The variety which Forster figures, and of which specimens from Tahiti are preserved at the British Museum, has pinnatifid, deeply-cut leaves, with long, narrow segments, I did not meet with in Viti; but my var. bipinnatifida was collected in Tahiti by Banks and Solander. Tahiti—indeed, the whole Society Islands—seem to be the place where the greatest number ‘of varieties are to be found, Solander enume- rating twenty-one, and G. Bennett (Gatherings of a Naturalist, p. 396) even as many as twenty-four, all of which bear distinetive names. Tahitian traditions hint at a time when the tree did not exist in the Society Islands, —at least that I suppose to be implied in the following, which I take in substance from Ellis's * Polynesian Researches ;'—* In the reign of a certain king, when the people ate red earth, a man had an only son, whom he loved tenderly. One day he said to the wife, ‘I pity our son; he is weak and unable to eat the red earth. I will die, and become food for him.’ "The wife asked, * How will you bécome food ?' He answered, ‘I will pray to my god ; he has power, and will enable me to do it Accordingly he repaired to the family marae (temple), and presented his petition to the deity. A favourable answer having been given to his' prayer, he called his wife and said, * When I am dead, take my body ; plant my head in one place, my heart and stomach in another, etc., and then wait in the house. When you shall hear at first a sound like that of a leaf, then of a flower, afterwards of an unripe, and at last of a ripe round fruit falling on the ground, know that it is I who have become food for our son. He died soon after, and his wife cbeyed his injunctions. After a while, she heard a leaf fall; then the large scales of the flowers; then a smali unripe, and afterwards one full-grown and ripe fruit. By this time, it was daylight; she awoke her son, and took him out. They beheld a large and handsome tree, clothed with broad shining leaves, and loaded with breadfruit. She directed him to gather a number, take the first to the family god and to the

king; to eat no more red earth, but to roast and eat the fruit of the tree growing before them." 2

XIX. Trophis, P. Browne, Jam. p. 375. t. 37; Trécul, Aun. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. vol. viii. p. 146. Flores dioici. Fl. g : Perigonium 4-fidum, laciniis valvatis, Stamina 4, perigonii foliolis opposita ; filamenta filiformia, in zstivatione inflexa ; anthere rotundato-cordatw, introrse, 2-loculares, loculis dorso connectivo crassiusculo adnatis, rima longitrorsum apertis. Pistilli rudimentum breve, subob-

258 FLORA VITIENSIS.

conicum, Fl. ?; Perigonium tubulosum, ovatum, apice in collum breve contractum, 4-dentatum v. 4-fidum. Stylus brevis, Stigmata 2, longa, dense papilloso-puberula. Ovarium perigonio adnatum, 1-loculare, l-ovulatum. Ovulum ax apice loculi pendulum, campylotropum.— Arbores ; foliis alternis integris ; floribus axillaribus spicatis.

l. T. anthropophagorum, (n. sp.) Seem. (Tab. uxt) ; arborea, glabra; foliis ovato-oblongis v. ovalibus acuminatis basi rotundatis v. attenuatis integerrimis pinnatinerviis; spicis axillaribus 2-3 folio longioribus; fl. 4 perigonii laciniis subrotundatis obtusis puberulis; fl. 9 perigonio 4-fido pube- rulo, ovario ovato globoso glabro.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Malavaci."— Interior of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 435).

A middle-sized tree, with dark-green shining leaves, which, I was told, were eaten as vegetable at cannibal feasts. Petiole 1-1} inch ng; blade of leaf 4-12 inches long, and from 2-6 inches broad. ExPLANATION oF PrarE LXXIIL, representing Trophis anthropophagorum, Seem.—Fig. 1, male

flower ; 2, female flower ; 3, pistil, cut longitudinally ; 4, fruit, almost ripe; 5, the same, cut through :— all magnified.

Orvo LXXXVI. CERATOPHYLLEZE.

I. Ceratophyllum, Liun. Gen. n. 1055 ; Endl. Gen. n. 1829. Flores monoici. Fl. g: Involu- crum axillare, oc-fidum, sessile. Antheræ co, sessiles, 2-loculares, indehiscentes. Fl. 9: Involucrum ut in fl.d. Ovarium 1, sessile, 1-loculare. Ovulum 1, pendulum, orthotropum. Stylus terminalis, apice hinc stigmatosus. Nucula coriacea basi aculeata, stylo apiculata. Semen 1, pendulum. Embryo exalbuminosus, cotyledonibus 4 verticillatis, per paria inzequilatis, plumula co-phylla, radi- cula brevissima infera.— Herba sub aquis demersa; foliis verticillatis, rigidulis, di-trichotome multi- fidis, involucris axillaribus solitariis. “Species unica :—

1. C. demersum, Linn. Sp. 1409.— C. submersum, Linn. Sp. 1409.—In swamps, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 386).

Orbo LXXXVII. CHLORANTHACEZE,

I. Ascarina, Forst. Char. Gen. n. 59. Flores dioici. Fl. d 1-andri, laxe spicati, cc-bracteati. Filamentum brevissimum ; anthera oblonga, 4-sulca, 2-locularis, longitudinaliter dehiscens. Fl. 9 laxe spicati, 1-bracteati. Ovarium globosum v. ovoideum, 1-loculare. Ovulum L pendulum. Stigma sessile, subtrilobum. Drupa 1-sperma.—Arbores v. frutices, ramis teretibus v. subtetragonis ; foliis oppositis serratis stipulatis, spicis solitariis v. racemosis.

There is, besides the species mentioned below, only one other in tropical Polynesia, viz. 4. polystachya,

Forst. Prodr. n. 364, et Icon. (ined.) t. 264, 265 (Psilotum serratum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.)

p.938, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants), t. 112, from the Society Islands (Forster! Bidwil! Barelay !).

-

1, A. lanceolata, Hook. f. in Journ. of Proc. Linn. Soc. vol. i. p. 129 (Tab. LXXIV.) ; arbus- eula; foliis petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis subtus glaucis, coriaceis ; .panieulis folio brevioribus; antheris ovato-oblongis basi leviter cordatis; filamentis brevissimis.— Voma Peak, Island of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 564). Also collected in New Caledonia (Vieillard ! 1213) and Kermandec (M*Gillivray !), and Samoan Islands (Powell !). - ;

*-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 259

According to Powell, this plant is named “O le Afia" by the Samoans, and much esteemed by them for perfuming oil.

Expnanation Or Pirate LXXIV., representing Ascarina lanceolata, Hook. f.—Fig. 1, a branch, with male flowers; 2, inale flower; 3, stamen ; 4, a branch of the female plaut; 5, young fruit; 6, the same, cut longitudinally. Figs. 2, 3, 5, and 6, magnified, and copied from a sketch made by my friend Count Herm, of Solms- Laubach.

Orpo LXXXVIII. PIPERACEZ:.

I. Peperomia, Ruiz et Pavon, Prodr. Flor. Peruv. p. 8. Flores ¢, dense v. remote amentacei. Bracteæ peltatæ, breviter v. longiuscule pedicellatæ, pelta carnosa v. foliacea, persistentes v. deciduæ. Stamina 2, lateralia, filamentis teretibus v. subulatis, antheris 2-locularibus, loculis appositis effcetis, sursum confluentibus, hine subunilocularibus. Ovarium sessile, ovoideum v. oblongum, aliquando foveole rhachos subimmersum, rectum v. obliquum. Stigma sessile, deciduum, penicillatum, peni- cillis longioribus v. exilissimis, aut in apice ovarii recti aut in antico pariete ovarii oblique acuminati et tune plerumque minutissimum. Bacca sessilis, fere exsucca. Pericarpium tenue. Semen con- forme, testa membranacea v. coriacea, albumine candido farinoso. Embryo minutissimus.—H erbe carnose, succulent, inarticulate, aliquando minutissime, v. suffruticose, erectee v. subrepentes nasique radicantes, ramos, ramis foliisque alternis, oppositis v. verticillatis, his plerumque petio- latis, succulentis v. raro membranaceis, glabris pubescentibus v. tomentosis, costulatis v. cc-nervi- venosis exstipulatis, viridibus v. coloratis, non raro pellucido-glandulosis cauleque aliquando odo- ratis; amentis pedunculatis axillaribus v. ex axillis foliorum supremorum terminalibus v. opposi- tifoliis, longis v. brevibus, rectis v. curvatis, filiformibus v. carnoso-incrassatis, rhachi levi v. foveo- lata; floribus remotis v. densissime confertis, illis bracteis plerumque foliaceis deciduis, his carnosis persistentibus instructis; baccis insipidis v. acribus.—Micropiper et Peperomia, Miq. Comm. Phy- togr. pp. 37 et 39. Tildenia, ejusd. in Diar. Inst. Reg. Nederl. 1842. Dugagelia, Gaudich.? Mi- quel, Syst. Pip. p. 63.

Peperomia is strongly represented in Polynesia. In New Ireland we have P. Seemanniana, Casim. DC. in Seem. Journ. vol. iv. p. 164; in New Caledonia, P. Caledonica, Casim. DC. l.c. p. 135; in the Kermandee group and New Zealand, P. Urvilleana, A. Rich.; in Norfolk Island, P. Endlicheri, Miq. (Piper simplex, Endl), and P. Baueriana, Miq. (Piper ascendens, Endl.); in the Society Islands, P. pal- lida, Miq. (Piper pallidum, Forst.), P. reflexa, A. Dietr. (P. tetraphylla, Hook, et Arn. ; Piper tetraphyllum, Forst.), a species also known from the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay! Nuttall! Macrae!) and Norfolk Island (Endlicher's Piper emulum), and P. rhomboidea, Hook. et Arn. (Piper polymorphum, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 206, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 8; Piper acuminatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 23, non alior. Nomina vernacula Tahitensia, teste Soland., * Epaimato " et * Pilhi-papa") ; and in the Hawaiian or Sandwich group we have P. membranacea, Hook. et Arn. ; P. Gaudichaudu, iq. (P. membra- nacea, var. ?); P. Sandwichensis, Miq.; P. insularum, Miq.; P. latifolia, Miq.; P. hypoleuca, Miq.; P. pa- chyphylla, Miq. (P. verticillata, Hook. et Arn.); P. Macraéana, Cas. DC. in Seem. Journ. vol. iv. p. 145; P. leptostachya, Miq.; and P. Fernandeziana, Miq. i

l. P. pallida, A. Dietr. Spec. vol. i. p. 153; Miq. Syst. Pip. p. 103; foliis alternis v. oppositis oblongo-ellipticis v. obovatis acuminatis glabris 3—5-plinerviis; amentis axillaribus, solitariis filifor- ` mibus, baccis remotis distinctis.— Piper pallidum, Forst. Prodr. n. 24.—Island of Taviuni, on rocks (Seemann; n. 565). Also collected in Tahiti (Forster! Banks and.Solander! Nelson I).

II. Piper, Linn. Gen. n. 43. Flores d v. polygami. Amenta oppositifolia, axillaria v. termi- nalia. Bractez peltatz, inflexo-cucullate v. subconchzeformes. Stamina 2—2o; antherz 1-2-locu-

260 FLORA VITIENSIS.

lares. Ovarium sessile, 1-loculare. Stigmata 2-5. Bacce libere v. connate.—Suffrutices frutices v. arbores, quandoque radicantes, articulate ; foliis alternis, stipulatis; pedunculis solitariis v. aggre- gatis, simplicibus v. divisis.— Quebitea, Aubl. Guin.! Macropiper, Artanthe, Pothomorpha, Miq.

To Piper belongs the long-furgotten genus Quebitea, Aubl., of which the original specimens exist at the British Museum, as I pointed out to M. Casimir DeCandolle.

Besides the species represented in Viti, there are in tropical Polynesia—1. P. excelsum, Forst. Prodr. n. 20, et Icon. (ined.) t. 12 (P. latifolium, Hook. f. in Proceed. Linn. Soc. vol. i. p. 127, non Forst.; P. psittacorum, Endl. Fl. Norf. n. 80?), from the Kermandec group and Lord Howe’s Island (M‘Gillivray !) ; easily known by its bifid peduncles; and 2. P. Austro-Caledonicum, Casim. DC. mss. (P. Siriboa, Forst. Prodr. n. 19, non alior.), from New Calédonia (Forster! in' Herb. Mus. Brit.), which approaches in look P. ezcelsum, but has solitary catkins, longer than the petiole and longer even than the blade of the leaf, and oblique, cordate-ovate, acute, and penninerved leaves.

The four Vitian species are easily distinguished, viz. :—

BR CUD o o. ROS lu ir oV e E insectifugum. Stem erect. Catkins shorter than the petiole . . . . . . . . . . . . P. methysticum. Catkins longer than the petiole, solitary. . . . . . . . . . P. Macgillivrayi. Catkine in twoe or threes. . V0. 705.5 S. ee PCIe:

1, P. methysticum, Forst. Plant. Esc. 50; Prodr. n. 21; foliis membranaceis eequilateris lato- ovatis subrotundatis profunde cordatis, breviter acuminatis, 9-12-nerviis, subtus in nervis subtilissime puberulis; amento d oppositifolio solitario brevi—Macropiper methysticum, Miq. Syst. Pip. p. 217 ; Guillem. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. (nov. ser.) t. vii. p. 18; De Less. Icon. t. iii. p.983. P. spurium, Forst. in Herb. Mus. Paris. P. inebrians, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 204, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 6. P. decumanum, Opiz.! in Reliq. Heenkean. fasc. vol. iii. p. 160; Icon. De Less. l.c. t. 89 (optima).— Nomen verriac. Vitiense, * Yaqona ;" Tahitense, teste Solander, * Ava-ava;" Hawaiense, teste Seemann, “ Kawa.”—Extensively cultivated in Viti (See- mann! n. 568), also in the Hawaiian (Macrae! Barclay! Nuttall! Seemann!), Society (Banks and Solander ! Forster !), and Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home !), as well as in Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!). Not grown in islands inhabited exclusively by Papuans.

Of this pepper there are six varieties in Viti, distinguished by the height of the entire plant, the length and thickness of the joints, and the more or less purplish or greenish tinge of the stem and leaves. The best Yaqona (* Kawa” or * Ava” in many Polynesian islands), for in Viti this name applies to the plant as well as to the beverage extracted from it, grows from 500 to 1000 feet above the sea-level, and in the islands of Kadavu and Viti Levu. The plant is cultivated throughout thé group in small patches, and isolated specimens are frequently noticed around public and private houses. It is propa- gated by offshoots. The highest shrubs are about six feet, and their stem from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter; the leaves are cordate, and either green or more or less tinged with purple. The root and extreme base of the stem are the parts of which the drink is prepared; they are preferred fresh, but are nearly as good when dry. After the roots have been dug up, they are placed in an airy spot, generally on a stage over the fireplaces of the houses. In order to cres the beverage, it is necessary to reduce the roots to minute particles, which, according to regular Polynesian usage, is done by chewing—a task in Fiji devolving upon lads who have sound teeth, and occupy a certain social rank towards the man for whom they perform the office. In other Polynesian islands it is done by young women. When a suffi- cient quantity has been chewed, the masticated mass is placed in a bowl made of the wood of the Vesi (Afzelia bijuga, A. Gray), and having four legs and a piece of rope attached to it, which, when the bowl is brought in, is thrown towards the greatest man present, and guides those who happen to arrive in ignorance of his rank in observing the ceremonies required from them. Some Fijians make it a point to chew as great a quantity as possible in one mouthful; and there is a man of this sort at Verata, famous all over the group, who is able within three hours’ time to chew a single mouthful sufficient to intoxicate fifty persons. Fortunately, Kawa, unlike distilled spirits, does not render people quarrelsome; and Fijians, on extolling the virtues of their national beverage, often make this observation. On publie occasions, or at convivial meetings, when the chewed root is placed in the bowl, and water is being poured on, the whole assembly begin to chant appropriate songs, accompanied by the beating of little sticks on a bamboo or log of wood, and this is kept up until the dregs of the root have been strained through the fibres of the Vau (different species of

- FLORA VITIENSIS. 261

Hibiscus), or, in the absence of them, through fern leaves. When the beverage is ready, the chant is dis- continued, and the priest or any head man present pronounces a toast or prayer over it, after which the first cup—a cocoa-nut shell—is handed to the person of highest rank in the assembly. The Kawa is taken out of the bowl by means of the strainer, which is dipped into the fluid, and then squeezed. Although both bowl and cup are always carefully dried and cleaned after having been used, a crust invariably forms at the inside, giving them the appearance as if they had been enamelled. This crust, after a lapse of three or four months, is carefully scraped off, and makes the strongest of all Yaqona. The beverage has the look of coffee with plenty of milk in it, and an aromatie slightly pungent taste, which, when once acquired, must, like all acquired tastes, be perfectly irresistible. Drunk in moderation, it has probably no bad effect, and acts upon the system somewhat like betel-nut; but, taken in excess, it generates all sorts of skin- diseases, and weakens the eyesight. Nearly all the lower class of whites in the Fiji are Kawa drinkers, some regular drunkards; and it is generally accepted as a proof of a man belonging to the more respectable portion of society if he refrains from touching this filthy preparation. Most of these whites prefer it pre- pared in true Polynesian fashion; only a few have the root rasped on a grater—a process said to impair the flavour considerably. Roots of Yaqona are presented to visitors as tokens of goodwill, and to the temples as offerings. “I have also seen the leaves of the plant hung up in the temples, together with the little twigs of the Waltheria Americana. As we in Europe, when engaging soldiers or servants, hand a small coin in proof that the bargain has been accepted, so the Fijians, when effecting a bargain or sale, give or take a small deposit, which is called the “Yaqona,” and either consists of a piece of Kawa-root, or any other article that may prove acceptable. Drinking Kawa being peculiar to all light-skinned Polynesian tribes, Thomson (€ Story of New Zealand? London, 1859: vol. i. p. 193) expresses surprise that the Maoris of New Zealand should have forgotten the art of extracting it, “seeing that the plant (Piper methysticum, Forst.) grows abundantly in the country.” But the Piper found wild in New Zealand is not, as Thomson supposes, the Piper methysticum, Forst. (the true Kawa plant), but the Piper excelsum of the same author (Macropiper excelsum, Miq.). Hence it can form no surprise that a genuine Polynesian people should have forgotten the art alluded to during the long lapse of time intervening between their departure from Samoa and their discovery by Europeans. They have, however, preserved the name of “ Kawa,” which they have transferred to their indigenous pepper (Kawa-kawa), and also to a beverage (Kawa) made of the fruits of the Coriaria myrtifolia, Linn., a plant by them termed Tupa-Kihi, Tutu, or Puhou. Kawa-kawa, according to Colenso’s statement in J. D. Hooker’s ‘Flora of New Zealand, signifies “piquant.” Thomson attempts to trace Kawa, Kava, or Ava, as the various Polynesian dialects have it, to the Sanscrit “ Kasya,” which seems to be a general term for intoxicating beverages. It is strange that in the Abyssinian province of Cafe (see Harris’s Highlands of Ethiopia’) the name of “ Kah-wah” should be given to coffee. The word “ Kawa ” is not preserved in the Vitian language, except in the instance of “ Wa-Gawa” (literally the climbing Kawa), the ver- nacular name of Piper insectifugum, Casim. DC. The medicinal properties of the Kawa-plant have claimed some attention. In the French translation of Golding Bird’s work on Calculous Affections, Dr. O’Rorke has inserted, amongst others, the following remarks :—“ The Kawa-plant is the most powerful sudorific in - existence, and its stimulant qualities render it applicable in those cases in which colchicum is prescribed. ... The intoxication it produces is not like that caused by spirituous liquors, but rather induces a placid tran- quillity, accompanied by incoherent dreams. Kawa is as powerful in its therapeutic action as lignum vitæ or guaiacum, sarsaparilla, etc., and the islanders use it as a specific against the diseases brought over to them by foreign vessels. On the other hand, this drug, used to excess as an intoxicating agent, over- excites the skin by its sudorific effects, and eventually even occasions elephantiasis. . . . The chemical con- stituents, according to Gobley, are as follows :—carbon, 62:03; hydrogen, 6:10; nitrogen, 112; oxygen, 30-75. It contains 26 per cent. of cellulose, 49 per cent. of starch, one of methysticine, a erystallizable principle, two of an acrid resin called Kawine, and about 7 per cent. of gum, iron, and magnesia, and a few substanees of minor importance." In a paper which M. Cuzent laid before the Academy of Sciences at "Paris, in 1861, the chemical composition of the Kavahine (thus it is spelt in the report at hand), the active erystallizable principle of the Kawa, identical, it would seem, with what Gobley terms “ Methysticine," is thus given: no nitrogen, 66 per cent. of carbon, 6 of hydrogen, and 28 of oxygen. -

2. P. latifolium, Forst. Prodr. n. 22, et Icon. (ined.) t. 13; Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 205 ; Parkins. Icon. (ined.) t. 7; foliis coriaceo-membranaceis (stirp. 9) utrinque glabris v. sub- tus puberulis rotundatis basi truncatis v. leviter concavis, apice brevissime protracto obtusis, 11-18- nerviis, petiolis stipulaceo-alatis; amentis ? aggregatis axillaribus.—Macropiper ar Aes Miq. Syst. Pip. p. 218. Nomen vernac. Tahitense, teste Solander et Forster, * Ava avaidai.’ —Taviuni (Seemann ! n. 566). Also collected in the Society Islands (Banks and Solander! Forster ! Bidwill !), Tana, New Hebrides (Anderson !), and Tongan Islands (Forster !).

[PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 28, 1868.] 2M

262 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Varies with glabrous and pubescent leaves.

3. P. Macgillivrayi, Casim. DC. mss. (Tab. LXXV.); foliis ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis cordatisve 5-9-nerviis supra glabris subtus reticulatis pubescentibus v. glabris, petiolis ad medium anguste membranaceo-alatis; amentis 9 elongatis solitariis. —Macropiper puberulum, G. Bentham in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. 1843, p. 235 ; Miquel, Syst. Pip. p. 221. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, *Yago- yagona.” In woods, Viti Levu, Taviuni, and Kadavu (Seemann! n. 567; Barclay!). Also collected in the Tongan (Capt. Cook! Nelson! Barclay! Home!) and the Society Islands (Barelay !).

There are two varieties of this species; one, confined to Viti, has the leaves pubescent, below; the other, found in Tonga and Tahiti, has the leaves glabrous on both sides.

This plant is not used for any purpose; but in the belief of the people of Viti Levu it is sacred to the Veli (spirits of the woods),—in fact, their Kawa plant, which mortals cannot destroy or injure without exposing themselves to the danger of being severely punished by them.

EXPLANATION OF Prate LXXV., representing Piper Macgillivrayi, Casim. DC. (P. puberulum, Bth. in Plate.)—Fig. 1, portion of young female catkin ; 2, portion of ditto, far advanced towards fruiting; 3,

peltate bracts of ditto; 6, young ovary ; 4, fruit, nearly ripe; 5, the same, with bract :—all, with the exception of Fig. 4, magnified.

4. P. insectifugum, Casim. DC. in lit.; scandens; radicans ; foliis petiolatis rotundato-ovatis apice acuminatis basi quali rotundatis subtruncatisve utrinque glabris membranaceis subpellucidis pellucido - punctulatis 9-nerviis et reticulato-nervulosis, centrali nervo ad 4 long. usque nervum alternatim utrinque unum subadscendentem ante apicem evanidum sursumque nervulos validos tota longitudine mittente, lateralibus nervis utrinque 3 e basi solutis, petiolo subtilissime puberulo basi ima vaginante, maris amento quam folium breviore filiformi, pedunculo glabro quam petiolus bre- viore, bractea rotundata centro peltata breviter pedicellata glabra coriacea, staminibus 8, filamento brevi. **Wa-Gawa" (i.e. climbing * Kawa”), ab incolis dictum.—Interior of Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 569). Dioicum; ramuli glabri; limbi 0:115 long., O'l lati; petioli 0:016 longi.

*N. 569 of your Viti Collection (writes M. Casimir De Candolle) is a new species described in my manuscript under the name of P. insectifugum. It is evidently related to P. methysticum, Forst. (M. methysticum, Miq.), though differing from that species by the number of its stamens as well as by its

nervation. P. Siriboa, Forst., to which you provisionally referred it, is the same as a Piper collected by Vieillard in New Caledonia, and which I describe under the name of Austro-Caledonicum.”

Orpo LXXXIX. CASUARINEZ:,

I. Casuarina, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 87. t. 58. Endl. Gen. n. 1838. Flores mono-dioici. Fl. 4: Perigonium 2-phyllum, 2-bracteolatum, foliolis calyptratim cohærentibus. Stamen 1; fila- mentum filiforme; anthera 2-locularis. Fl. ? : Bracteolæ 2; perigonium 0. Ovarium 1-loculare. Ovulum 1, pendulum, anatropum. Stylus brevissimus; stigmata 2, filiformia. Caryopsis lenticu- laris. Semen inversum. Embryo exalbuminosus, orthotropus, radicula brevissima supera.—Arbores v. frutices, ramis ramulisque verticillatis, nodoso-articulatis, aphyllis v. rarissime foliigeris, articulis vaginatis, floribus masculis in spicas, femineis in capitula terminalia dispositis.

Besides the two species enumerated below, several are reported by Vieillard to occur in New Caledonia.

1. C. nodiflora, Forst. Prodr. n. 335; et Icon. (ined.) t. 255; Miq. Rev. Casuar. p. 15. t. 1, A; ramulis filiformibus breviusculis simplicibus v. divisis subquadriquetris glabris, internodiis 2-3 mm.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 263

longis; vaginarum dentibus 4 triangularibus acutis, raro obtusiusculis carinatis pallido-marginatis appressis; amentis fl. ¢ plerumque compositis, fl. 9 globosis, bracteolis alte exsertis.—C. verticillata, Lam. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “Cau,” ** Caukuro,” et * Velau."—Ovalau, Viti Levu, and other Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 571; Sir E. Home! Williams! Greeffe!). Also collected in New Cale- donia (Forster! Anderson! Sir E. Home !).

2. C. equisetifolia, Forst. Gen. 108. t. 52; Prodr. n. 334, et Icon. (ined.) t. 254; Miq. Rev. Cas. p. 48; Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 92; ramulis filiformibus strictius- culis cinereo-viridulis, 6-8- vulgo 7-angulato-teretibus ; angulis acutiusculis, faciebus subdemissis, medio sulco puberulo v. glabro notatis, vaginarum subtumidarum dentibus 6-8 vulgo 7, appressis lanceolatis ciliolatis, dorso carinatis, internodiis 5-8 mm. longis; amentis fl. ? ramulos terminantibus v. ad ramos sessilibus, teretiusculis, adultis sursum subclavatim incrassatis pallescentibus, vaginis imbricatis in dentes 6-7-8 lanceolatos partitis, pubescentibus; amentis fl. 9 lateralibus breviter pe- dunculatis, maturis ellipsoideis, bracteis bracteolisque pubescentibus, his ellipticis acutis exsertis. —C. littorea, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 86. t. 57. C. Africana, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. vol. ii. p. 670. C. muricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 519. C. lateriflora, Lam. C. littoralis, Salisb. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Nokonoko;" Tahitense, “ Toa” v. * Aito."—Common on the smaller and the coasts of the larger Vitian islands; occasionally planted over tombs of chiefs of rank (Seemann! n. 570; Williams!). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander ! Forster!), and Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home!), as well as in the Isle of Pines off New Caledonià (Sir E. Home!). Widely spread over New Holland, India, and the Archipelago, Madagascar, and tropical Africa.

This tree is most frequent in the eastern parts of the group, its prevalence indicating a poor soil. Its sombre aspect, and the wailing sound caused by the playing of the breezes in the branches, forcibly appeal to the poetical sentiment ; and hence the Nokonoko is planted in masses about tombs; a fine grove of that kind is seen at Lakeba, surrounding the burial-place of a departed chief. The young branches are drooping, im- parting to the tree a peculiarly graceful look, and forming a beautiful contrast to the erect and rigid growth of its congener, the Velau (Casuarina nodiflora, Forst.), which is occasionally met with in its company, and also yields a useful timber. Whilst the Nokonoko assumes a more or less pyramidal form, is scarcely ever higher than forty feet, and has a greyish hue, the Velau is often sixty feet and even more in height and three feet in diameter, and has a green mossy-looking crown, which, by its flatness on the top, reminds one of the Stone-pine so characteristic of the Italian landscape. The Velau almost invariably grows in good soil, generally in mixed forests ; whilst the Nokonoko shuns, as it were, a close contact with other kinds of trees, and it scarcely ever associates with any but the Balawa or Screw-pine (Pandanus odoratissimus, Linn.).

Orpo XC. CONIFER.

Representatives of all the genera of Conifere of tropical Polynesia have been met with in Viti except Araucaria, of which one species (A. excelsa, R. Brown) occurs in Norfolk Island (Backhouse! Patterson !), one (A. Cookii, R. Brown) in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (W. Anderson !, anno 1774, Sir E. Home!) and in New Caledonia (Strange !), and a third (4. subulata, Vieillard) in New Caledonia.

I. Dammara, Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. ii. p. 174; Endl. Conif. p. 188. Flores dioici. Amenta d axillaria v. extra-axillaria, cylindrica, basi perulata. Stamina oo, axi inserta, imbricata; filamenta brevissima, horizontalia, in connectivum crassum cuneatum v. orbiculatum producta ; antherz loculi nunc 5 v. 6 uniseriati, nunc 6 ad 15 biseriati, e connectivi basi penduli, cylindrici, filamento paralleli et equilongi, postice longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Fl. 9: Amenta terminalia, solitaria v. gemina.

Squam:e co, ebracteate, axi insertz, dense imbricate, apicem versus sensim crassiores, Ovula sub 2M2

264 FLORA VITIENSIS.

quavis squama 1, eidem prope apicem inserta, inversa, libere pendula, atropa, apice deorsum spectante aperta. Strobilus ovato-globosus, e squamis coriaceo-lignosis, dense imbricatis, demum ab axi so- lutis. Semina sub quavis squama solitaria, inversa, libere pendula, ovata, compressa, hilo transversim lineari, integumento membranaceo utrinque in alam producto, ala altera ssepius angusta margini- formi, altera cultriformi squama latiore. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi antitropus, ejusdem lon- gitudine, cotyledonibus 2 semicylindricis obtusis, radicula cylindrica infera.—Arbores excelsz, resi- niflue; folia alterna et subopposita, oblongo-lanceolata, integerrima, crassa, enervia, striata, facie inferiore tota stomatum seriebus dense sibi oppositis.

The genus Dammara, extending as far south as the northern island of New Zealand, and as far north as Borneo and Java, has its focus of geographical distribution in the Polynesian Islands. The genus will probably receive considerable additions when the various islands are thoroughly explored, as all the species seem to be very local. Eight species are known to me, seven of which I have seen growing in the Botanic Gardens of Sydney, New South Wales; and authentic living as well as dried specimens of them I brought home and made over to Kew Gardens. I pointed out these specimens to M. Parlatore, when he was in Eng- land, to work out the Conifere for De Candolle's * Prodromus, and gave him all the notes and the references I had made on the various species. However much some of the species may resemble others in leaf, and undistinguishable as they may be in a dry state, nobody who has seen the various species growing side by side in the Sydney Gardens can for a moment confound them. Indeed, the different islanders who happen - to visit Sydney have more than once pointed out which is the Dammara peculiar to their respective coun- tries, as has already been stated by Dr. George Bennett, in his * Gatherings of a Naturalist.’ Every species has a peculiar mode of growth, and differently-coloured branchlets and leaves; and those who may be inclined to unite most of the proposed species, ought to examine the matter well and wait for better mate- rials than are now accessible before they do so. ‘he following are the species known to me, and some of the notes made on them at Sydney :— :

1. D. robusta, Charles Moore, mss. in G. Bennett's ‘ Gatherings,’ p. 953— D. Brownii, Hort. Angl. ‘Tendara ” v. ** Tedarandara;" Autochthon. Nov. Holland.—Southern Queensland, where discovered in. January, 1849, by J. S. Bidwill (Cf. * Kew Journal, 1849, p. 284). Tt is stated by the discoverer to have a trunk 150-170 feet high by 3 feet in diameter; a bark smooth, shining, and dropping off in seales; and wood, which, when fresh, is tough and yellowish. Judging from the plant in the Sydney Garden, which in | 1861 was 40 feet high, I think the name “robusta ” well chosen; no other species of the genus has so robust a habit. The bark of the branches one year old was green, slightly tinged with brown; whilst the nascent branchlets and leaves were pruinose, the pruinose covering disappearing on being touched with the finger, and being more intense on the under side of the leaf than on the upper. The foliage generally was much more dense than that of either D. ovata, australis, orientalis, or obtusa.

2. D. orientalis, Lamb. Pin. Ed. vol.i. p. 61. t.38 et 39; Endl. Conifer. p. 189.—* Dammara," Malay.— Moluccas, Java, and Borneo. In the Sydney Gardens the specimen had the bark of the branches one year old light-brown, and that of the nascent branchlets of the same colour and without any pruinose covering ; leaves, just when unfolding, brown on the upper, pruinose on the lower side, but afterwards gradually losing the pruinose covering altogether.

3. D. australis, Lamb. Pin. Ed. vol. ii. p. 14. t. 6; Endl. Conif. p, 190.—* Kauri” v. * Kouri,” Nov. Zel.—Northern island of New Zealand. In Sydney Gardens the nascent branchlets were deep purple and slightly pruinose, but the young leaves not pruinose- M S

4. D.obtusa, Ch. Moore, mss. ; Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. vi. p. 270; G. Bennett, * Gather- ings, p. 351.—Aneitum, New Hebrides. In Sydney the bark of branches one year old was light-brown, the sereni branchlets green, without a trace of pruina, and the leaves without any pruinose covering on either side. i

5. D. ovata, Ch. Moore, mss. in G. Bennett’s ‘ Gatherings of a Naturalist,’ p. 353.—New Caledonia. In Sydney, the bark of branches one year old was of a yellowish-brown, the nascent branches were green, and slightly pruinose; leaves, when just unfolding, slightly pruinose on the lower surface, but not at all on the upper; the leaves ultimately green on both sides, and towards the petiole and margin of the same yel- lowish-brown as the branches one year old. : m

6. D. macrophylla, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. vi. p. 271.—D. Perousii, Ch. Moore in Kew

Journ. 1852, t. 5; G. Bennett, l.c. p. 351.—Vanikola or La Peyrouse Island, where discovered by Ch. _

Moore. I have no notes on this species from fresh specimens. It is just possible that it may also occur in Viti. The sterile specimen taken from a young plant which I gathered in Vanua Levu, and have figured in Plate LXXVI. Fig. 1, agrees in the shape of its leaves and thick medullose branches, with the branch figured by Hooker. : c

FLORA VITIENSIS. 265

7. D. Moorei; Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. vi. p. 271; G. Bennett, l.c. p. 352.--New Cale- donia. In Sydney, the bark of branches one year old, as well as the naseent branchlets, were green; the young leaves green above, and slightly pruinose below, whilst the old leaves were without any pruinose covering; the foliage was very dense. Branches at the base of tree pendulous. The cones are unknown ; and I asked Mr. Moore whether he had any proofs of this species really belonging to Dammara, and not to Podocarpus, two genera impossible to distinguish in leaf in all cases, but he expressed himself satisfied about its being a genuine Dammara. It is just possible that D. lanceolata, from. New Caledonia, a name mentioned by Vieillard in the Ann. des Se. Nat. vol. xvi. (ser. 4) p. 56, may be identical with this species, which Lindley briefly characterized ^ foliis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis subfaleatis tenuioribus."

8. D. Vitiensis, Seem. ; G. Bennett, l.c.—Viti, In Sydney the nascent branchlets and young leaves were green, without any pruinose covering.

A plant cultivated in Sydney, under the name Dammara sp. e horto Maurit., with leaves and branches green on both sides, I hold to be a Podocarpus.

1. D. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LXXVI.) ; foliis oppositis lanceolatis acutis v. obtusi- usculis; amentis d ......; strobili globosi squamis adpressis apice rotundatis ; seminum alis sub- eequalibus cultriformibus. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Dakua."—Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Ovalau, and Kadavu (Seemann! n. 577.)

Dakua trees have been found in Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Ovalau, and Kadavu; but European sawyers have already made such sad havoc amongst them, that it is only in the two former islands where they are still abundant. Wilkes alludes to a fine one near Levuka, Ovalau, which measured five feet in diameter, or fifteen feet in circumference. Those which I saw at Korovono, Vanua Levu, displayed greater dimensions, the largest stem being, at four feet above the base, eighteen feet ; and another, also four feet above the base, sixteen feet in circumference. Milne (Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew Mise. ix. p. 113) gives from eighteen to twenty-seven feet circumference as the maximum, but he does not state at what height above the base his measurement was taken. Some of the trees at Korovono were from eighty to a hundred feet high, and up to a height of sixty feet free from branches. The bark was whitish on the outer, red on the — inner, surface, peeling off like that of Australian gum-trees. Old specimens did not exhibit regular whorls -of branches, as is the case with most Conifers. The wood of the Korovono tree was white, but there is said to be also a red-wooded kind, which may perhaps prove specifically distinct from this plant. Dakua wood -is used for masts, booms, and spars, for flooring houses, and for all those purposes for which deal is usually

: employed by us. Spars, from sixty to eighty feet long, and two to three feet thick, were seen at Taguru,

- Viti Levu. The Dakua is not gregarious, but always found isolated in forests of a mixed composition. Like other Kowrie-pines, the Fijian Dakua exudes a gum, or rather resin, called “ Makadre.” Lumps weighing 50 Ibs. have occasionally been found under old rotten stumps; and much might be collected in districts whence these trees have disappeared, if the natives could be made acquainted with the peculiar way in which the New Zealanders sound the ground for their kowrie-gum. There has never been any foreign trade in this article, because the Europeans in Fiji, ignorant of its average market-value, rejected the offer of the natives to collect it. Captain Dunn, an American, is said to have taken away half a ton of it, but it has not transpired whether he was able to dispose of it to advantage. New Zealand kowrie-gum has for years past fetched at

ublic sales in London from 14s. to 16s. the ewt. In consequence, however, of the rebeilion in New Zealand, it gradually advanced in 1860 from 25s. to 28s. ; in the spring of 1861 it was quoted at from 18s. to 20s., and it will no doubt ultimately be sold again at its former prices. - The Fijians use the gum principally for glazing pots (vakamakadretaka),—the substance being put on while the vessels are yet very hot,—and for burning. The older the gum gets, the better it burns. At first it is of a light whitish colour, but with age becomes more and more that of amber, as well as transparent. The natives, fearing demons, ghosts, and other creations of their wild fancy, are always anxious to be housed before sunset, and when compelled to venture out in the dark or when benighted, set up loud yells to drive away evil spirits, and light a torch made either of the resin of the Dakua (bound round with rushes), the stem of the Wavuwavu (Erigeron albidum,

A. Gray), the trunk of the Bamboo, or the flower-stalks of the Cocoa-nut Palm. In the smaller islands and certain coast-districts of Vanua Levu and Viti Levu, lamps fed with cocoa-nut oil are common ; but in tbe interior of the principal islands, where that oil is au imported and costly article, the resin of the ' Dakua is burnt, either in the form of pastilles about two inches long, or in ribbon-like strips surrounded by slips of wood, so as to constitute a kind of candle. When burnt in the first-mentioned way, the resin is protected by crocks from running about and igniting the Pandanus matting or other inflammable materials of the houses. A dye obtained from the smoke of the burning resin is used for the hair and for painting native cloth black, or mixed with a certain red earth to make a brown pigment. Amongst the lower classes it is employed for tattooing women instead of the juice of the Lauci fruit (Aleurites triloba, Forst.), resorted to by ladies of rank: the skin being punctured with thorns of the Shaddock-tree.

266 FLORA VITIENSIS.

EXPLANATION oF Pratt LXXVI., representing Dammara Vitiensis, Seem. Fig. 2, a cone (nat. size) : 3, scale and seed; 4, one of the wings of seed (both 3 and 4 magnified). Fig. 1 represents leaf and part of branch of a young sterile plant, which may possibly not belong to D. Vitiensis, but to D. macrophylla, Lindl. ; it should, however, be added, that I collected it close to the tree from which the cone and other branch figured in our Plate were taken.

+

II. Podocarpus, L'Hérit. mss. ; Endl. Conif. p. 206. Flores dioici aut rarius in diversis ramis monoici. Fl.4: Amenta terminalia aut ssepius axillaria, 1 v. oo in pedunculo communi fasciculata, laxe spicata aut subracemosa, nuda, basi bracteis cincta, crasse cylindrica v. filiformi-gracilia. Sta- mina oo, axi inserta; filamenta brevissima; anthere 2-loculares, connectivo squamiformi interdum minimo obsoleto superatze, loculis oppositis extrorsum dehiscentibus. Flores 9 spicati, spica raris- sime laxa, sepissime abbreviata, 1—2-flora, bracteis cum rhachi carnosa coalitis et solo apice liberis v. rhachi carnoso incrassata ebracteata semini receptaculum succosum preebentibus. Squama ebrac- teata y. in bractez axilla 1 subeymb:eformis, infra apicem ovulifera. Ovulum 1, infra apicem squame sessile, inversum, squamz juxta totam longitudinem adnatum, integumento exteriore in collum breve producto integumentum interius tegente. Semen inversum, integumento exteriori earnoso cum squama apice sepissime in apiculum brevem producta omnino connato, interiore vero osseo drupa- ceum. Embryo in apice albuminis farinacei antitropus.—Arbores excelsz v. rarius frutices; folia rarissime opposita et tunc enervia, late ovata, scepissime sparsa, linearia, uninervia, quandoque quin- quefariam imbricata aut distiche patentia, enervia, et Cupressinarum in modum dimorpha, subtus v. rarius utrinque stomata gerentia; gemme perulate.*

Vieillard names, but does not describe, a new species of this genus ( P. Nove-Caledonia) in his * Useful Plants of New Caledonia’ (Ann. Se. Nat. (Ser. 4) vol. xvi. p. 56.).

l. P. affinis, (sp. nov.) Seem. mss.; arborea; foliis sparsis approximatis lineari-oblongis obtu- sissimis basi attenuatis 1-nerviis (14 unc. long., 4 lin. lat.) margine revolutis, supra lucidis viridibus, subtus pallidioribus stomatibus donatis; fl. et fruc. ignot.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kuasi."— Mountains of Viti Levu, and formiug the principal part of the vegetation of the summit of Voma Peak (Seemann! n. 574).

Allied to P. elata, R. Brown, to which I referred it in my provisional list of Vitian plants, but evi- dently a different species. The natives use the wood for outriggers of canoes.

2. P. bracteata, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 88; Endl. Conif. p. 216; foliis approximatis lineari- lanceolatis longe acuminatis margine planis; amentis d fasciculatis elongato-filiformibus basi squa- mis persistentibus.— Zignum emanum, Rumph. Amb. vol. iii. p. 47. t. 26. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ^ Gagali."— Banks of Navua and other rivers of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 575).

The sterile specimens I collected of my n. 575 agree best with P. bracteata, which in leaf seems to differ principally from P. macrophylla, Don, by the edge being flat, not recurved. In Viti the tree grows principally by rivers, and I did not see it higher than forty feet. During the wet season a great part of the trees is under water, but this submersion does not seem to affect them more than it does our Willows. The wood is peculiarly elastic, and would probably answer well for keels of boats and schooners.

9. P. Vitiensis, Seem. in Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 366, et Journ. of Botany, 1863, p. 33. t. 2 (Tab. LXXVIII.); arbor excelsa; ramis teretibus brunneis; foliis omnibus distichis ovato-lanceolatis

* Podocarpus Dulcamara, Seemann in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 253,—a species differmg from all other Conifere, by the leaves having a very sweet taste when first ehewed, but directly after bitter, and culti- vated in some gardens under the erroneous name of Arauearia lancifolia,—is identical with Podocarpus amara, Blume, Rumphia, t. 170; Blume's name, however inappropriate, enjoying the right of priority.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 267

v. subellipticis acutis v. obtusiusculis l-nerviis, nervo in petiolum adnatujn decurrente supra viridi- bus, subtus pallidioribus, utrinque stomatiferis; amentis ¢ spicatis terminalibus solitariis gracilibus; connectivo ovato-acuminato; amentis 9 ign.; fructu obovato obtuso, basi bracteato, levi; semine erecto. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Kau solo."—In the island of Viti Levu (Milne! Seemann! n. 576; Greffe! n. 1). __ This is one of the finest Conifere I have ever seen, and found by Milne, Griffe, and myself in the island of Viti Levu. It attains sixty feet in height, has a stem nine feet in circumference, and has droop- ing, extremely graceful branches, which would render the species a highly desirable acquisition to our living collections. In habit it is unlike any other Podocarpus, but from the materials now on hand we could not make it into a separate genus. The leaves are about one inch long and three lines broad. The male spikes are terminal, cylindrical, and an inch to an inch and a half long. The anthers are on short filaments, and form, together with the connective, a cordate acuminate body. , The fruit is obovate, obtuse, and scarcely an inch long. The seed is erect, and the embryo clavate-cylindrical and acute.

EXPLANATION OF Prats LXXVIII., representing Podocarpus Vitiensis, Seem.—Fig. 1, portion of branchlet ; 2 and 8, anthers; 4, fruit (ripe); 6 and 7, the same, cut longitudinally and horizontally; 5, seed; 6, embryo :— Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 8, magnified.

. 4. P. eupressina, R. Brown, ex Mirb. in Mem. Mus. vol. xiii. p. 75; J. J. Bennett, in Hors- field, Plant. Jav. Rar. p. 35. t. 10; Endl. Conif. p. 222; foliis aliis lanceolatis spinuloso-mucronatis arcte quinquefariam imbricatis, aliis lineari-lanceolatis aversis falcatis elongatis distiche horizontaliter patentibus ; seminibus ramulos breves szepissime cernuos terminantibus.— P. Horsfieldii, Wall. Cat. n. 6049. P. imbricata, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 89. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kau tabua."— Island of Viti Levu (Milne!). Also collected in Aneitum (Milne!) and the Indian Archipelago.

This tree is from fifty to eighty feet high, with spreading, pendulous branches. The native name is

derived from “ kaw” (wood), and “tabua” (a whale’s tooth), because the timber has the yellowish tinge of a well-oiled whale’s tooth, formerly esteemed the most precious article in Viti.

x

III. Dacrydium, Soland. ex Forst. Plant. Escul. 80; Endl. Conif. p. 224. Flores dioici. Fl. 3: Amenta terminalia, solitaria, ovoidea, minuta, basi bracteis imbricatis cincta. Stamina oo, axi inserta ; filamenta brevissima ; antherze 2-loculares, connectivo squameformi superate, loculis appo- sitis extrorsum dehiscentibus. Fl. 9 solitarii, ad ramulorum apicem laterales v. rarissime in spicam terminalem collecti. Squama ebracteata, subcymbzeformis, medio ovulifera. Ovulum 1, in media squama sessile, inversum, integumento exteriori laxo, interioris apice in collum breve producto exserto. Semen tandem erectum, squamæ haud accrescenti insidens, integumento exteriore laxo carnoso, ore lato hiante, nucleo multo breviore, disciformi, interiore osseo. Embryo in apice albu- minis farinosi antitropus.— Arbores procere, sempervirentes, ramosissim:e, ramis sæpe pendulis; folia acerosa, decussatim opposita, decurrentia, undique stomatigera ; flores terminales, exiles; gemmæ nudee. &

Vieillard, 1. c. p. 56, enumerates an undescribed species of this genus (D. ustum) amongst the useful plants of New. Caledonia.

1. D. elatum, Wall. Cat. n. 6045; Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii. p. 144. t. 2; Endl. Conif. p. 226; foliis aliis acicularibus tetragonis acutis erecto-patentibus, aliis squameformibus ovatis obtusis aut rarius acuminatis arcte adpressis; seminibus infra ramulorum apices solitariis.— Juniperus rigida, Wallich in Herb. Sieber. Juniperus Philippsiana, Wallich, ms. 1824. Juniperus elata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Or. vol. iti. p. 888; “ Gambinur," Sumatr. J unghuhn in Bot. Zeit. 1846, p. 678. coll. Schlecht. ; ibid. p. 753-757. Nom. vernac. Vitiens., Seemann! “ Leweninini” et “ Dakua salusalu.” —Ovalau (Seemann! n. 573; Storck! n. 906), Viti Levu (Grzeffe ).

The Leweninini is found in mixed forests from the seashore to the highest peaks. The branches are

268 FLORA VITIENSIS.

very delicate, and the younggst hang down in graceful fringes, clad with needle-shaped leaves of about half an inch in length. The slightest breeze—and there is scarcely ever a calm in Fiji—causes the branchlets and foliage to tremble (ninini) somewhat like an aspen; hence the natives of Ovalau have given it the name of * Leweninini? When coming from Somosomo to Levuka, the crew on board the ‘ Paul Jones’ gave me an account of a moving plant, which they assured me grew in the mountains of Ovalau, and which excited my curiosity in an eminent degree. No sooner had I landed than two boys were dispatched for specimens of the Leweninini; but instead of bringing this Dacrydium, they brought a club-moss, common in the tropics (Lycopodium cernuum, Linn.), and which I found was termed Leweninini-sa, on account of a certain resemblance to it. Macdonald (Joutn. Geog. Soc. Lond. vol. xxvii. p. 247) fancied this Dacrydium identical with the New Zealand Dacrydiwm cupressinum, Sol.; but this is a mistake. He also expressed his belief that the wood called Dakua salusalu in Viti is the produce of this tree, and in this he is sup- - ported by Mr. Storck, who, being now a permanent resident in Fiji, had ample opportunity to go into the question. My inquiries respecting the last-mentioned point have not been attended with success. Nearly every native consulted pointed out to me a different tree as the source of that timber. Mr. Pritchard also took some pains about it, as the subject was brought before him in his consular capacity. A resident in Ovalau had made a contract with a man for a supply of Dakua salusalu. When the timber was delivered, eut on Vanua Levu, it was found to be that of the common Dakua (Dammara Vitiensis), quite unlike the wood going by the name of Dakua salusalu in Ovalau. Payment being refused, the consul's interference was invoked. There being no scientific work to which an appeal could be made, Mr. Pfitchard solved the difficulty by deciding that, although the wood tendered might bear or bore the name of Dakua salusalu in Vanua Levu, it was not the one recognised by that name in Ovalau; and whereas the contract had been entered into in the latter island, only such wood as was called * Dukua salusalu” there need be paid for.

a

Ordo XCI. CYCADEA.

At present only one representative of this Order is known to exist in tropical Polynesia.

I. Cycas, Linn. Gen. n. 1222; Endl. Gen. n. 704. Fl d : Antheræ aperte, in strobilum terminalem sessilem collects, undique rhachi communi insert, singule oblongo-cuneate, apice sursum flexo, facie inferiore polliniferee, connectivo plus minus obliterato. Fl. ? : Carpidia oo, ` l-phylla, aperta, in conum terminalem laxiuscule imbricata, singula elongato-spathulata, plana, crenata, ovulis in crenaturis solitariis sessilibus, erectis, Fructus carpidiis patentiusculis v. reflexis. Semina subglobosa, testa ossea, epidermide carnosula cincta. Embryo sepius multiplex, in axi albu- minis carnosi inversus, radicula supera.— Arbores v. arbusculæ, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis subdecur- rentibus uninerviis, rhachi pinnulisque in vernatione circinatis.

l. C.circinalis, Linn. quoad syn. Fl. Malab. vol. iii. t. 3, 21.; petiolis angulatis spinosis, foliolis anguste lanceolatis subfaleatis; squamis ¢ longe anguste rigideque acuminatis; squamis 9 longe petiolatis utrinque 1—4-ovulatis; lamina sterili deltoideo-elongata usque ad apicem pro- funde spinoso-serrata.—Miq. Prodr. Cycad. (1861), pp. 7 et 17; ejusd. Monogr. p. 27. t. 1 et 2; Linnea, vol. xix. t. 1; Ann. Bat. Ind. vol. i. p. 33. t. 5. fig. C; Bot. Mag. t. 826-7.—C. spherica, Roxb, Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 747. Blechnoides, Forster, Herb. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Roro,"—

Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 572). Also found in the Tongan and New Hebrides group

(Capt. Cook! Forster !). Distributed over Ceylon, the East Indies, Sumatra (Seemann'!), the Malay Archipelago, and the Moluccas. :

The Roro, a tree thirty feet high in Viti, has been met with only in Viti Levu and Ovalau, and even there it is far from common ; and as the pith-like substance of the trunk was reserved for the exclusive use

of the chiefs, no inducement existed for the common people—as in the Tongan islands—to increase it by cultivation,

. _ FLORA VITIENSIS. 269

Orvo XCII.—PALMEJZE, |

Besides the genera of this Natural Order represented in Viti, we have in tropical Polynesia two others, viz. Clinostigma, Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 196, with one species (€. Samoénse, Herm. Wendl. 1. c., collected by the United States Exploring Expedition in the Samoan or Navigation group), and Teysmannia, Zoll, also with one species, viz. T. altifrons, Zoll, Blass in Seem. Bonplandia, 1858, p. 322 (= ? Pholidocarpus Thur, Blumes Borassus (?) Ihur, Giesecke; Livistona (?) Diepenhorstit, Hassk.), of which M*Gillivray collected in New Caledonia fruits, preserved.at the British Museum.

The Fijians have specific names for all the Palms inhabiting their islands, and they are, besides, the only people who in their bagbarous state had a collective term, “ Niu,” for them, viz. :—

Niu dina — Cocos nucifera, Linn.

Niu sawa — Veitchia Joannis, Herm. Wendl.

Niu niu = Cagicake = Ptychosperma filiferum, Herm. Wendl.

Niu soria = Sogo = Sagus Vitiensis, Herm. Wendl.

Niu massei = Sakiki = Viu = Pritchardia pacifica, Seem. et Herm. Wendl. Niu Balaka = Ptychosperma Seemanni, Herm. Wendl.

The word “Niu” is common to most Polynesian languages, often taking the form of * Nia" and “ Niau ;” the New Zealand “ Nikau,” by which the Maoris designate their indigenous Palm (Kentia sapida, Seem.), does belong, and perhaps even “ Nipa,” the Philippine name of Nipa fruticans, may belong to the same group of words. We further trace the Fijian “ Niu,” or with the article “a” (a niu) before it, in the names Anao, Anowe, Anau, and Nu, by which a sugar-yielding Palm, the Arenga saccharifera, is known in different parts of the Indian Archipelago. The existence of a collective term for “ Palms” never having been pointed out, the passage in John xii. 13, “ Took leaves of the Palm-trees,” is rendered both in the Viwa and the London edition of the Fijian Bible, * Era sa kauta na drau ni balabala,"—literally, ** Took leaves of the Tree-fern," for the Balabala is a Tree-fern. “Niu” is the term that ought to have been used, there being in Syria two kinds of real Palms, but no Tree-ferns.

Only one of all the Palms as yet discovered in Fiji is a Fan-palm, the rest having pinnatifid leaves.

I. Kentia, Blume in Bull. Neerl. 1838, p. 66; Rumphia, t. 106; Endl. Gen. Supp. vol. i. p. 1371. Flores monoici, in eodem spadiée fasciculato-ramosi, spatha 3-plici interiori incompleta cincti, in scrobiculis sessiles, bracteis haud distinctis cum rhachi coalescentibus, ¢ 2, 9 1 stipantes. Fl. g: Calyx 3-partitus, laciniis carinatis, haud imbricatis. Corolla 3-petala, petalis sestivatione valvatis. Stamina 6; filamenta brevissima, basi connata ; anthers lineares, basifix:e. Ovarii rudimentum. Fl. 9 : Calyx 3-phyllus et corolla 3-petala dissimilis, æstivatione convoluta. Staminum rudimenta 0. Ova- - rium l-loculare, ovulo in fundo affixo. Stylus brevissimus; stigmata 3, distincta. Bacca parce fibrosa, l-sperma. Albumen equabile. Embryo basilaris.—Palme elate ; caudice gracili, annulato, lzvigato, infra petiolorum partem basilarem cylindricam longe vaginantem subincrassato, frondibus omnibus terminalibus, pectinato-pinnatisectis, segmentis reduplicatis, apice subbifidis, spadicibus infra frondes verticillatis v. solitariis, spathis coriaceis deciduis duplicato-ramosis, ramis arrecto- fastigiatis, ramulis undique in scrobiculis superficialibus, flore unico femineo minore binis masculis majoribus lateralibus stramineis obsesso, fructibus ellipsoideis parvis. |

This genus is numerously represented in Polynesia. The most southern species are K. sapida, Seem. (Areca sapida, Sol.), of New Zealand, and K. Baueri, Seem. (Areca Baueri, Hook. f.), of Norfolk Island. A third (P) species, from the New Hebrides, is enumerated by Forster (Prodr. n. 488), under the names of “ Areca oleracea (? ?) foliolis integerrimis ; forte ad Arecam sapidam referenda ;" but nothing more is known of this doubtful species, which of course has nothing to do with the genuine Areca oleracea, of Linnzus. Six species have been discovered in New Caledonia, viz. K. elegans, Brongn. et Gris. ; K. oliveformis, Brongn. et Gris.; K. Vieillardi, Brongn. et Gris.; K. Deplanchei, Brongn. et Gris. ; K. gracilis, Brongn. et Gris, and K. Pancheri, Brongn. et Gris.

1. K. exorrhiza, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Bonpl. vol. ix. p. 190 (Tab. LXXVIII.) ;. radicibus epigzeis, segmentis frondium lanceolatis longissime acuminatis rigidiusculis; fl. d phyllis perigonii

[PUBLISHED JULY 31, 1868.] 2 N

270 FLORA VITIENSIS.

exterioris ovato-triangularibus, rudimento germinis brevi ovato.—Areca (2) exorrhiza, Herm. Wendl.

Bonpl. 1861, p. 260, excl. descript. fruct.—Mountains of Somososo, near the Lake, island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 660).

This Palm is remarkably straight, and often more than sixty feet high. The trunk is unarmed, smooth, and of a whitish colour; it is at a couple of feet above the base, from two to three feet in circumference. When the tree gets old, numerous aerial roots, all covered with spines, begin to appear, forcibly reminding oue of the Zriartea exorrhiza in tropical America. The leaves are from ten to twelve feet long, pinnatifid, and the segments four feet long and two inches broad. Before expanding they are perfectly erect, looking like a pole inserted into the heart of the foliage. The flowers appear below the crown of the leaves, growing out of the old wood ; they are enveloped in thick eoriaceous boat-shaped spathes, which, unlike those of the Sakiki (Pritchardia pacifica, Seem. et Herm. Wendl.), are not subject to rapid decay.

ExPLANATION OF Prare LXXVIII, representing Kentia exorrhiza. Fig. 1, miniature portrait of the entire plant; 2, portion of leaf (naf. size); 3, portion of spatha (nat. size) ; 4, portion of spadix (nat. size) ; 5, bud of male flower; 6, male flower open; 7, stamens and abortive stigmas; Figs. 5—7, magnified.

II. Veitchia, (gen. nov.) Herm. Wendl. mss.—S padix duplicato-ramosissimus, androgynus, su- perne d,spathis 2 deciduis. Flores in alveolis immersi, inferne 3 medii 9 , superne 2 g , alteri super alteros positi centrifugi. Fl. 2: Calyx 3-sepalus, sepalis oblongo-rotundatis margine denticulatis membranaceis imbricatis. Corolla 3-petala, petalis oblique oblongis, przfloratione valvata. Stamina 6, inclusa ; filamentis brevibus subulatis ; antheris linearibus dorso affixis. Ovarii rudimentum colum- nare, apice obtusum, staminum longitudine. Fl. 9: Calyx corollaque 3-phylli, phyllis conformibus orbieulato-oblongis. Staminodia 6, minima, Ovarium ovoideum, 1-loculare, stigmatibus minutis ; ovulo fere longitudinaliter affixo hemianatropo. Fructus ovoideus v. oblongo-ellipsoideus, erectus, stigmatibus apicalibus, 1-spermus, magnus, Arecarum simillimus, levis, mesocarpio crasso plus minusve fibroso, endocarpio crustaceo tenui. Semen longitudinaliter endocarpio affixum, subglobosum v. oblongo-ellipsoideum, rapheos ramis oo subparallele semen circumcurrentibus in dorso laxe anastomosantibus. Albumen : æquabile. Embryo basilaris, erectus.—Palme inermes, caudice erecto simplici columnari, foliis plus minusve squamosis pinnatisectis, segmentis linearibus preemorsis mar- ginatis, spadicibus magnis, fructibus flavescentibus v. aurantiacis majuseulis.—In memoriam gentis Jacobi Veitch, mercatorum plantarum Londinensium celeberrimorum hortulanorum et introductorum plantarum novarum hoc genus novum dedicavi.

“This genus is closely allied to Ptychosperma, Labill, from which it differs in the position of the male flowers (which are in couples on the upper part of the spadix) in having only 6 stamens, in its hemi- anatropous, almost longitudinally affixed ovules, in its large fibrous mesocarp, and even albumen. At present four species are known—there being, besides the three enumerated below from the Viti Islands, a fourth from the N ew Hebrides, viz., V. spiralis (sp. nov.), Herm. Wendl. mss. ; fructibus lato-ovoideis ; semi- nibus subglobosis apice brevi-apiculatis badiis ; raphi lata ejusdem ramis oo spiraliter albumen amplectentibus apice parallelis basin versus paulum reticulato-anastomosantibus.—Nomen vernac. Aneitense, teste M‘Gillivray, “ Nakoai.”—Island of Aneitum, New Hebrides (M'Gillivray! in Mus. Brit). The fruit only is known; itis broadly ovoid, 4 em. long, and not quite as many in diameter ; the fibres of the mesocarp adhere together somewhat like those of V. Storckii, but they are more free from the base. The seed is nearly

spherical, slightly protracted on the apex, 26 mm. long, and nearly 26 mm. in diameter. From the raphe issue a number of delicate, somewhat spiral, vascular bundles or branches."—Herm. Wendl. mss.

l. V. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. mss. (Tab. LXXXI.) ; fructibus ellipsoideis ; seminibus elongato-ovoideis apice obtusis in latere ventrali applanatis testaceis; raphi lata ejusdem ramis valde irregulariter anastomosantibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, “ Vuleito."— Banks of the Rewa river, Viti Levu (Pickering! Storck! Greffe p:

“ From notes furnished by Mr. Jacob Storck it appears that this Palm attains 40 feet in height, has a hard and smooth trunk (dark brown towards the base, and light brown towards the top), and has the base of the petiole short and gradually merging into the rachis, as is the case in Cocos nucifera. The leaf-seg-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 271

ments are 7 dm. long, and from 5-8 em. broad; they are coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, much folded towards the base, and furnished with three prominent longitudinal ribs, the two lateral ones of which are close to the margin of the segment. Between the midrib and the lateral ribs is a secondary rib, which is closer to the lateral rib than the midrib, and only prominent on the under side of the segment. The spadix resembles that of Cocos nucifera with regard to its size and ramification; it is about 8 dm. long, much and repeatedly branched ; its peduncle is 1-2 dm. long, and shows three cicatrices (equidistant from each other), indicative of three spathes, of which the upper one was probably not at all or but imperfectly developed. The principal branches are 3-angular, the lower having as many as 12 branchlets, the upper less. Each branchlet is 4-5 dm. long, on the lowest part (about 1 dm. long) irregularly angular, very flexuose, and bears 4-6 female flowers. The other part of the branchlet is terete, and densely covered with deep foveole, arranged into 7 straight lines, and each foveola bears 2 male flowers. These 2 male flowers are superposed, and the lowermost seems to open only after the upper has done flowering; each is sup- ported by a small membranaceous bract ; the calyx is 3-sepalous, the sepals being oblong-round, one over- lapping the other, and they have an irregularly denticulate margin, with downwards-bent teeth ; the corolla is 3-petalous, the petals being oblique, rotundate, or oblong, valvate in sstivation ; the stamens are 6 in number and as long as the petals, their filaments being very short, lancet-shaped, and their anthers elongated; the rudiment of the ovary is columnar. At the side of.the upper part of each female flower there are two male flowers. The feniale flowers are surrounded by 2 cup-shaped bracts, not quite closed ; their calyx and corolla are 3-phyllous, the sepals and petals resembling each other very much, being oblong- rotundate, and having an irregularly fimbriated margin. The ovary is oblong-rotundate, with obseure stigmas, surrounded by 6 broad ovoid staminodia, 1-ovulate, the ovule being hemianatropous and adhering nearly throughout its length. The fruit (including the flower organs adhering to it) is about 5 em. long, and 25 mm. in diameter; it is ellipsoid, with a slender blunt taper; it appears to be yellowish or reddish- yellow when ripe. The mesoearp consists of numerous delicate fibres, the lower layers of which forming a rather woody mass, and being more firmly attached than those of Areca Catechu, with which the fruits of the different species of Veitchia have much outer resemblance.” —Herm. Wendl. mss.

ExPrLANATION or Prats LXXXI., representing Veitchia Storckii, Herm. Wendl. Fig. 1, miniature portrait of entire plant; 2, leaf segment; 3, portion of spadix; 4, bud of male flower; 5, male flower open ; 6, female flower, far advanced towards fruit; 7,ovary ; 8, ripe fruit; 9, fruit cut longitudinally ; 10 and 11, seed; Figs. 4 and 5, magnified ; Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, nat. size.

2, V. Joannis, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. mss.; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis ; seminibus fructibus conformibus in apicem erectum productis porphyreis ; raphi angusta ejusdem ramis apice parallelis basin versus magis reticulatim anastomosantibus.—Nomen vernac. “ Niu sawa.’’—Moturike, Viti Levu, and Ovalau (Seemann! Veitch!) Cultivated in European and Australian gardens.

« This Palm was discovered by Dr. Seemann, who brought young plants of it to Sydney, where some of them were placed in the Botanic Garden of that place, but the others perished during the voyage to England. Mr. J. Veitch, more fortunate, sueceeded in introducing the species into our European gardens. The fruits were first described by me in the ‘ Bonplandia’ as those of Kentia exorrhiza, a mistake for which the discoverer assumes the responsibility. Seedlings have, from the first, a straight stem, their sheath, petiole, and rachis being of a dark blood-colour, and covered, when young, with a grey tomentum, whieh is interspersed with lancet-shaped, thin, dark-red lepida. The leaf-segments are at the point obliquely - truncate, minutely dentate, and their midrib terminates in a small eurve. The fruit is b ag an 6 em. long, and 3 em. in diameter, surrounded at base by inerassate and enlarged remnants of the flower, glabrous and bright-orange-coloured. The mesocarp is rather thick, and consists of a, number of delicate fibres. The endocarp is as in V. Storckii. The kernel is ovoid-ellipsoid, tapering into a rather blunt point, 30-35 mm. long, and 2 em. in diameter, and is attached, from the base to the apex, to the endocarp by means of the raphe, from which rise a number of delicate white vascular bundles, which are at the base placed paralle! to each other, and towards the point overlying each other. The albumen, surrounded by a porphyr-coloured skin, is hard, white, even, and on the lower part encloses a straight embryo." — Herm. Wendl. mss. : ;

- This Palm is found all over Viti; and there is reason to believe that it is also found in the Tongan group, where, as in Fiji, it is known by the name of * Niu sawa," I am told; “ sawa," signifying y red 2 in Tonguese (and having no meaning in Fijian), doubtless in allusion to the fruit, which merges from bright orange into red. The spadix, on which the minute moneecious green flowers are inserted, is much : branched, and the branches forming large bunches, which, when loaded with ripe fruit, are rather weighty. As many as eight of these bunches are often seen on a tree at one time in various stages of development. The fruit is about the size of a walnut. At first green, it gradually changes into bright orange, and

° 2N2

272 FLORA VITIENSIS.

ultimately merges into red at the base. The kernel has a slight astringent taste, and is eaten by the natives, especially by the youngsters. The wood is used for spars.

3. V. subglobosa, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. mss. ; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis ; seminibus sub- globosis; raphi angusta obsoleta ejusdem ramis depauperatis obsoletisque.— Viti; locality not speci- fied (J. Veitch !) : ;

“Only a single fruit of this is known to me, which was collected by Mr. Veitch. It is about 4 em. long, and not quite 3 cm. across, has a delicate and very fibrous mesocarp, and a very thin endocarp. The kernel is 23 mm. long, and not quite as many mm. across. This fruit having been put out to germinate, the outer part of the kernel, and especially the raphe and its branches, had been somewhat injured, and I can only say with certainty that the raphe is narrow and does not penetrate into the albumen, and that its

branches cross each other and are further apart than is the case in the other species of Veitchia."—Herm. Wendl. mss.

III. Ptychosperma, Labill. in Mém. de l'Inst. 1800, p. 251; Endl. Gen. n. 1730. Flores polygamo-monoici, in spadice ramoso spathis co incompletis stipato sessiles, bracteolati, d superiores et inferne 2 Ẹ singulos stipantes. Fl. d: Calyx 3-phyllus, foliolis ovatis imbricatis, Corolla 3-fida, laciniis oblongis, sestivatione valvatis. Stamina oo, e fundo corolle; filamenta filiformia, libera ; antherw lineares, subsagittate. Ovarii rudimentum. Fl. 2: Calyx et corolla maris, imbricato-convo- luti. Staminum rudimenta 0. Ovarium 1-loculare. Stylus brevissimus, terminalis ; stigmata 3, patentia. Bacca l-sperma, fibrosa. Albumen ruminatum. Embryo basilaris.—Palm:e elegantes, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis reduplicatis erosis, baccis ovalibus parvis.—Seaforthia, R. Brown, Prodr. 267; Mart. Palm. t. 105, 106, 109, 128, 129. | | "

The focus of the geographical distribution of this genus is in the Indian Archipelago, but three species are found in New Holland, viz. P. elegans, Blume, Rumphia, ii. 118, in adnot. (P. Seaforthia, Miq., Sea- Jorthia elegans, R. Brown, non Hook. Bot. Mag.), P. Cunninghamii, Herm. Wendl. Seem. Journ. of Bot. vol. i. p. 69 in adnot. (Seaforthia elegans, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4961, non R. Brown), and P. Alexandre,

F. Muell., one in the Society Islands, viz. P. Tahitense, Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 196, and the following in Viti, viz. : :

l. P. Seemanni, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 192 (Tab. LXXXII.); cau- dice gracili, segmentis utrinque 9 alternantibus, dimidiato-rhombeis apice sinuato-erosodentatis, antice cuspidatis, terminali profunde *bifido; spadicibus gracilibus, ramis 6-7 simplicibus vel inferioribus fureatis, distiche floriferis.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Balaka,” v. * Niu Balaka."— Southern parts of Vanua Levu, and northern parts of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 664).

The Balaka is a diminutive Palm, growing as underwood in dense forests. It was met with both in Vanua Levu, on the southern side, and on the mountains of Taviuni. The trunk is remarkably straight, ringed, and about an inch in diameter when fully developed. On account of its strength and straightness it is used for spears by the natives, and would make good walking-sticks. The leaves are pinnatisect, about four feet long ; and the segments are eroso-dentate at &he point, like those of Caryota and Wallichia. The flowers appear below the leaves, forming the crown of this, the smallest of all Fijian Palms.

Expranation OE Prate LXXXIL, representing P. Seemanni. Fig. 1, miniature portrait of the en- tire plant; 2, leaf (nat. size) ; 3, portion of spadix (nat. size); 4, female flowers with ovary approaching maturity ; 6, ovary ; 7, section of the same ; Figs. 4—7, magnified.

L2

2. P. perbreve, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 193; caudice gracili ; segmentis utrinque 11-12 brevibus, mediis imbricatis dimidiato-quadratis apice sinuato-erosodentatis antice cuspidatis, terminali profunde bifido; spadicibus gracilibus, ramis cire. 7 simplieibus, infe- rioribus furcatis, distiche floriferis; baccis oblongis (rubris).—Bua or Sandalwood Bay, and Macuata Coast (2000 feet above the sea) of Vanua Levu (Pickering !).

Closely allied to P. Seemanni. xs

3. P. pauciflorum, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 193 ; caudice gra- cillimo, cire. 2$ em. crasso; spadicibus duplicato-triplicato-ramosissimis, ramulis spadicum paucifloris distiche floriferis, gregibus florum 5-9 remotiusculis.—Island of Ovalau (Pickering !). : :

FLORA VITIENSIS. 273

4, P. Pickeringii, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 194; affinis P. gracili, Labill., differt: segmentis brevioribus apice oblique truncatis, apicalibus brevissimis 9-10 cm. longis; spadicibus duplicato-triplicato-ramosissimis, ramulis gracilibus, floribus laxe spiraliter dispositis.—Island of Ovalau (Pickering !). ; A

5. P. Vitiense, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1861, p. 260, et 1862, p. 195; segmentis lato-linearibus, basi cuneatis, antice oblique premorsis dentatisque apice obtusis vel paululum productis, apicalibus profunde bifidis.—Islands of Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 662).

In Wilkes's * Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, mention is made of a Caryota, as growing in Fiji, and being used for rafters in building. “Its straight stem, with its durable, hard, and tough qualities, render it well adapted for this purpose.” No one has subsequently met with a true Caryota, one of the most remarkable geuera of this Natural Order; and I faney that the botanists of Wilkes's expedition may have mistaken for a Caryota the eroso-dentate leaves of a timber-yielding Palm, probably this Ptychosperma Vitiense, Wendl., abounding in some parts of Viti Levu. It is about forty feet high, has a smooth trunk, pinnatifid leaves, and was seen by me at Nukubalavu. I have not been able to learn its native name.

6. P. filiferum, (sp. nov.) Herm. Wendl. in Seem. Bonplandia, 1862, p. 195; segmentis elongato-lanceolatis, faleatis, apice valde oblique acuminatis coriaceis rigidis, infimis apice in filum longissimum 1-2 m. longum terminantibus; baccis ellipticis (aurantiacis) albumine :equabiii.— Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Cagicake ” et '* Niu niu."—On the Macuata (northern) coast of Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 661). 3

The Niu niu, or as it is more commonly termed, Cagicake, is found in the depth of the forest, where it shows its feathéry crown above the surrounding trees, forming what St. Pierre poetically called “ a forest above a forest," and what the Fijians less skilfully wished to express by the name of Cagicake, literally, « above the wind.” Before I had seen the fruit the natives described it to me as being exactly the same shape and colour as that of the Niu sawa, but only very much smaller in size; and in this they were pretty correct. Whilst the fruit of the Niu sawa is as large as a walnut, that of the Cagicake is about the size of a coffee berry. The trunk is smooth, unarmed, and about eight inches in diameter, furnishing capital material for rafters, which the natives declare are so durable that they last for ever. The leaves are pinna- tifid, ten to twelve feet long, and the lowermost segments being narrower, and at least three or four times as long as the uppermost, hang down in long fringes, When in the dusk of the evening I first encountered this singular Palm on the Macuata coast of Vanua Levu, it was this peculiarity that attracted my at- tention, otherwise I should have taken it to be a Niu sawa. It was pitch-dark before the tree was felled and dragged out of the forest in which it grew, when passing my fingers over the surface of the segments. I felt a thick marginal and elevated vein, which at once assured me that an undoubtedly new addition had been made to my collection. The disproportionate length of the lower segments, and the thick marginal vein pointed out, though they bad been first discovered in the absence of regular daylight, are amongst the most striking peculiarities, and ought to be seized upon by those giving a popular description of this Palm ; the upper segments are four feet long and three inches broad. The spadix, like that of the Niu sawa, is much branched, and may be said to be a miniature imitation of it. The Palm is found both in - Vanua Levu and Ovalau, and doubtless also in Viti Levu, for a Palm which grows in the interior of the latter islands, and is termed about Namosi “ Tankua,” must, from the description given to me by natives, be identical with the Cagicake. According to the superstitious notion of the inland tribes of Viti Levu the diminutive fruit of the Tankua and those of the Boia, a plantain-like Scitamineous laut, form the chiei food of the Veli, spirits half fairy, half gnome, with a fair complexion and diminutive body. The Tankua is their cocoa-nut, the Boia their plantain, and the Yaqoyaqona (Piper Macgillivrayi, Cas. DC.), their kawa plant, none of which mortals can destroy or injure without exposing themselves to the danger of being severely punished by those dwellers in the forests, the Veli. :

IV. Pritchardia, Seem. et Herm. Wendl. in Bonplandia, vol. ix. (1861) p. 260, et vol. x. (1862) pp. 197, 310. t. 15. Flores hermaphroditi, sessiles. Spathæ oo, cylindricze, subcompletze. * Perigonium exterius campanulatum, 3-denticulatum, interius 3-phyllum, phyllis basi truncato-cor- datis cum staminum cylindro connatis, deciduis, preefloratione valvata. Stamina 6, subsequalia ; fila-

274 FLORA VITIENSIS.

mentis in tubum brevem connatis, antice liberis lanceolatisque; antheris oblongo-lanceolatis dorso affixis. Ovarium 3-loculare, ovulis basi affixis. Styli apicales, uniti. Drupa bacczeformis, 1-cocca, endocarpio tenui. Albumen zquabile, per chalazam et raphem in latere ventrali lzevissime impressum. Embryo dorsale, paululum supra basim positum.— Arbores erectze, inermes, frondibus flabelliformibus, palmatisectis, petiolis inermibus ; spadicibus lateralibus, longe peduneulatis, paniculato-duplicato- vel triplicato-ramosis.

This genus has been named in honour of William T. Pritchard, Esq., F.R.G.S., (author of * Polynesian Reminiscences,) who during the time of my visit was H.B.M. Consul in Viti, and to whom, more than to any one else, I am mainly indebted for the opportunities enjoyed for exploring the group and collecting materials for the present ‘ Flora.’ Three species of it are at present known, for besides that enumerated below, there are in tropical Polynesia two others, viz. P. Martit, Herm. Wendl. in Bonpl. l. c. (Livistona (?) Martii, Gaud. Bonite, t. 58 et 59), and P. Gaudichaudii, Herm. Wendl. in Bonpl. l. e. (Livistona (?) Gau- dichawtii, Mart.), both natives of the Hawaiian Islands.

l. P. pacifica, Seem. et Herm. Wendl. l.c. (Tab. LXXIX.) ; frondium segmentis circ. 90; baccis maguitudine fructus Pruni spinose.— Seem. in ‘Correspondence relating to the Fiji Islands,’ (Parliamentary Papers), p. 70, et in Bonpl. vol. x. p. 153, et 310, t. 15. Corypha umbraculifera, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 49, et Prodr. p. 88 ex parte, non Linn.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Viu," “ Sakiki? v. * Niu Masei ;" Tonguense, teste Forster et Cook, ** Biu.””—Vanua Levu and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 659). Also collected in the Tongan (U. S. Expl. Exped.!) and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.!). Cultivated in European and Australian gardens, where it was first introduced by me.

The Palm seldom attains more than thirty feet in height. Its trunk is smooth, straight, and unarmed, and at the base from ten to twelve inches in diameter. The erown has a globular shape, and is composed of about twenty leaves, the petioles of whieh are unarmed, three feet four inches long, and densely covered at the base with a mass of brown fibres. "The blade of the leaf is rounded at the base, fan-shaped, four feet seven inches long, three feet three inches broad, and when young, as is the petiole, densely covered with whitish-brown down, which, however, as the leaf advances in age, gradually disappears. From the axils of the leaves issue flowers, enveloped in several very fibrous flaccid spathes, which rapidly decay, and have quite a ragged appearauce even before the flowers open. The inflorescence never breaks out below the crown, as it does in the Niu sawa (Veitchia Joannis, Wendl.). The spadix is three feet long, stiff and very straight, bearing numerous minute hermaphrodite flowers, of a brownish-yellow colour. The fruit is perfectly round, about half an inch in diameter; and, when quite matured, it has exactly the colour of a black-heart eherry, the mesocarp having a slight astringent taste. The seeds germinate freely, and out of a handful thrown carelessly into a Wardian case in Fiji, more than thirty had begun to sprout when they reached New South Wales, where they were taken care of in the Botanie Gardens, and duly distributed amongst the various establishments forming collections of rare and beautiful Palms—for such this species certainly is. The leaves are made into fans, * Iri masei” or “ai Viu," which are only allowed to be used by the chiefs, as those of the Talipot (Corypha wmbraculifera, Linn.) formerly were in Ceylon. The common people have to eontent themselves with fans made of Pandanus caricosus. Hence, though there is not a village of importance without the Sakiki, or, as it is termed in the Somosomo dialect which sup- presses the letter Æ, Saii, there are never more than one or two solitary specimens to be met ‘with in any place, the demand for the leaves being so limited, that they prove sufficient for the supply. The fans are from two to three feet across, and have a border made of a flexible wood. They serve as a protection both from the sun and rain; during a shower of rain the fan is laid almost horizontally on the head, the water being allowed to run down behind the back of the bearer. From this the Fijian language has borrowed its name for umbrella, a contrivance introduced by Europeans, terming it “ai viu," that being one of the names by which fans are known. The leaves are never employed as thatch, though their texture would seem to recommend them for that purpose; the trunk, however, is occasionally used for ridge-beams.

Though there are, at the British Museum, no specimens or drawings of the plant which Forster (Pl. Escul. p. 49, n. 17) describes as Corypha umbraculifera, there can be little doubt that it is Pritchardia pacifica, which in Vitiis called “ Viu," and by the Tonguese, who have no v in their language, “ Biu.” Forster's words are :—“ Hujus folium semel vidi in Waitahu, sive Christine insula Archipelagi Mar-, chionis Mendoze; Palmam ipsam deinde, sed minus frequentem in Tongatabu, Amicorum insula reperit Cookius (vide Itiu.. Nov. vol. i. p. 332) incolis * Biu’ dictam, qui nuces ejus globosas parvulas intus edules habent.” t

FLORA VITIENSIS. 275

There can also be little doubt that the Palm which F. D. Bennett (* A Whaling Voyage round the Globe :’ London, 1840, p. 345), found in the Marquesas Islands; and calls Corypha umbraculifera is the same of which Forster saw a leaf. “This Palm," says Bennett, “so truly Oriental in its appearance, does not obtain at any of the Polynesian Islands we visited, except Santa Christina, Marquesas, where there are several topes, or groves, of the species growing in the interior of the valleys. The natives call it ' Vahána. It resembles the common Fan Palm, or Palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis), of the East Indies, and attains the height of thirty-five feet. The trunk is slender, has a white bark, and bears at the summit a tuft of broad fan-shaped leaves, from the base of which hang clusters of small globular nuts. The dried leaves have uniformly a yellow colour; they are applied by the Marquesans only to aristocratic purposes, as coverings for the huts or burial- places of their chiefs ; although they do not refuse to sell them to European sailors, who value them, under the name of ‘ trab,’ for the manufacture of hats. The kernel of the nuts is eaten as a native delicacy.” Bennett adds that it also grows in Timor, and is there used for making toddy, but in this instance he probably confounds Pritchardia with the true Corypha umbraculifera of Linneus. Langsdorff also found this Palm in the Marquesas, but I am not aware whether any specimens were pre- served. It is a singular ethnological fact, that throughout the Polynesian Islands this Palm is held to be exclusively the property of the aristocracy, and not allowed to be devoted to common purposes by the lower classes, like the species which it so much resembles.

ExPrANATION OF Prare LXXIX., representing Pritchardia pacifica. Fig. 1, a leaf (much reduced) ; 2, spathe and spadix (much reduced); 3, portion of spadix (mat. size); 4, flower; 5, calyx; 6, corolla; 7, petal; 8, stamens and pistil; 9 and 10, stamens ; li, pistil; 12, portion of branch with ripe fruit; 13, drupe ; 14, the same after the outer rind has been removed; 15, section of the same; 16, albumen with embryo cavity and hilum; 17, 18, 19, different sections of the same; Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13-19, magnified.

. V. Cocos, Linn. Gen. n. 1223; Endl. Gen. n. 1772. Flores monoici, in eodem spadice, spatha simplici lignosa, fusiformi v. clavata, ventre aperta et lanceolata cincto sessiles, bracteati; d in parte superiore oo, 9 in inferiore frequentiores. Fl. 3: Calyx 3-phyllus, foliolis lanceolatis carinatis, basi sepius connatis. Corolla 3-petala, petalis membranaceis v. carnosiusculis, erectis v. conniventibus. Stamina 6, e toro basilari ; filamenta subulata, subæquilonga ; antherze lineares, subsagittate, erectze. Ovarii rudimentum minimum v? 0. Fl.9: Calyx 3-phyllus, foliolis suborbicularibus v. ovatis, imbricato-convolutis; corolla 3-petala, petalis membranaceis suborbicularibus imbricato-convolu- tis, ut plurimum calyce inclusis. Ovarium ovatum v. depresso-globosum, loculis 2 rudimentariis l-loculare. Stylus brevissimus v. 0 ; stigmata 3, pyramidato-triquetra, primum conniventia, demum revoluta. Drupa ovata elliptica v. ovato-subtrigona, 1-sperma, mesocarpio crasso fibroso, putamine osseo, basi 3-poroso. Albumen æquabile v. obsolete radiatum, amygdalinum v. cartilagineum. Em- bryo intra porum basilaris.—Palm:e; caudice excelso v. mediocri, inermi, annulato v. cicatricato, interdum nonnihil flexuoso, sepius petiolorum basibus persistentibus squamato v. coronato, intus molli, spongioso ; frondibus omnibus terminalibus, szepius vastis, pinnatis, petiolis basi fibroso-pannosa amplexicaulibus, nonnunquam spinoso-serratis, pinnis reduplicatis, ssepius aggregatis, subrecto- patentibus v. crispis, crassiuscule membranaceis, glabris; spadicum inter bases frondium exteriorum . sessilium patentium rhachi teretiuscula, scrobiculata, in ramos plurimos simplices divisa; spatha mucronata, dorso longitudinaliter sulcata ; floribus masculis ochroleucis v. flavescentibus, femineis virescentibus, fructibus quandoque maximis, sicciusculis, viridibus, fuscis v. rubro-flavescentibus.

l. C. nucifera, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. p. 391; Mart. Hist. Palm. p. 23. t. 62, 75, 88. fig. 3-6; t. 100, fig. 4; caudice flexuoso, ineequaliter annulato, basi inerassato; frondibus patentibus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, subconcinnis; floribus 9 subglobosis; drupis maximis, ovato-trigonis v. subglobosis. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Niu dina."—Common on the coasts of most Vitian Islands (Seemann!) Also throughout tropical Polynesia, and the littoral parts of tropical Asia, Africa, and America.

The Cocoa-nut is now found in every part of the tropics, though never much beyond them, chiefly on

e 276 FLORA VITIENSIS.

the seacoast ; some varieties, however, have been met with far inland, for instance, at Merida, in Yucatan, by Heller ; at Patna, in Bengal, by J. Hooker; and at Concepcion del Pao, in South America, by Humboldt and Bonpland. But there is reason to believe that at one time its geographical range was much more : limited; indeed, we know that even in our days it has been extended to the West Coast of Africa; and the great puzzle has been, whence did it originally spring? Though having paid considerable attention to this subject, I am not acquainted with any theory, nor have been able to start one myself, whieh would be in unison with the part the Cocoa-nut at present plays in different countries. It is generally assumed. that the Isthmus of Panamá, or the country thereabouts, was the cradle of this singular production, and that it thence floated to Polynesia and Asia. The reason for this assumption is that all the other species of the genus Cocos belong to the New World as inland species, and that it is reasonable to suppose this littoral one (Cocos nucifera) is also endemie to America. But it should not be forgotten that there are several genera of Palms with representatives about the native country of which there is no doubt, in both hemispheres : for instance, the Oil Palms (Ziaéis) in Africa and America, and the common Fan Palms (Chamerops) in Europe, Asia, and America. Moreover, whilst the Asiatics and Polynesians have discovered innumerable uses of the Cocoa-nut tree, the American natives have made no such progress, but consume the fruit as an occasional luxury only. This would almost seem to prove that the acquaintance of the latter with the tree dates from a comparatively recent period, and that of the former from a more remote one, an argument un- favourable to America being regarded as its native country.

On turning to Polynesia we find whole islands covered with Cocoa-nut, and in some groups the entire population relying upon it as their staff of life. It has all the appearance of being perfectly at home, but there is one circumstance that strikes us as very curious. The light-skinned Polynesians are assumed to be of a Malay stock, and to have migrated somewhere from Eastern Asia. How comes it to. pass that they are ignorant of the art of preparing toddy from the unexpanded flower-branches of the Cocoa-nut Palm,—a beverage of so ancient a date that the oldest language of Asia has a term for it, toddy being a corruption of the Sanskrit word tade? Did these Polynesians leave the cradle of their race before the Cocoa-nut tree had found its way to it ? or are we to assume that they have migrated with the trade- wind rather than against it; that Malayan Asia was peopled from Polynesia rather than Polynesia from Malayan Asia? Toddy may be extracted from other Palms besides the Cocoa-nut, and from time imme- morial has been obtained from several indigenous Asiatic species (Caryota, Arenga, etc.) Had the Poly- nesians therefore once known the process, they would probably never have forgotten so easy a way of ob- taining sugar, vinegar, yeast, and a pleasant drink, the strength of which may be regulated by time to any man’s taste. So either the Polynesians could never have come from Eastern Asia, or else, after spreading over the South Sea, ages must have elapsed before the Cocoa-nut made its appearance in those waters, so that the process of toddy-making (there being no other suitable Polynesian Palms to operate upon) had been entirely forgotten, and even disappeared from native traditions. Under such circum. stances, it behoves us to suspend our final judgment whether Polynesia be or be not the native country of the Cocoa-nut. :

As already stated, Western Africa has in our times only become familiar with the Cocos nucifera, and I have not been able to learn anything regarding its history on the eastern coast of that continent, except that in Madagascar, in common with many other things supposed to have been imported by Malay pirates, it bears a Malayan name.

But how about Asia, where such forests of these Palms now gird the coast, and where they seem to grow with almost greater vigour than in America or Polynesia? Can that have been the cradle of the nut ? There are weighty reasons for hesitating in a reply. The littoral parts of Ceylon are now densely covered with this tree, and it looks more at home there than I have ever seen it in any part of the world. Yet both tradition and history affirm that at one time the Cocoa-nut was unknown in Ceylon. Not far from Point de Galle there is carved on a rock the gigantic effigy of a native prince, Kottah Rayah, to whom is ascribed the discovery of the properties of the Cocoa-nut, which before his time were unknown, as was also the tree. Moreover, the oldest chronicle of Ceylon, the * Marawansa,’ the historical value of which is now fully admitted, is absolutely silent about everything relating to the Cocoa-nut, whilst it never fails to record, with tedious minuteness, every aecession of other fruit-trees made to the plantations by native princes. Now, is it probable that a fruit like the Cocoa-nut, which is often tossed about the ocean for months without losing its germinating power from the effects of salt water,—is it probable tbat if such a fruit had been indigenous to any part of Asia, it should have reached Ceylon only in a comparatively recent historical period ?

These and similar puzzles having engaged my attention ever since I brought out my * Popular History of Palms, I was somewhat prepared for the question, * Was the Cocoa-nut known to the ancient Egyp- tians ?" which Goodwin started in the * Parthenon, when he said:—* The Cocoa-nut Palm is not now found in Egypt, nor do the ancient writers mention it as among the products of that country. It is well known to be exceedingly abundant in most tropical regions near the sea, and it occurs on the Arabian coasts. The origin of the name is involved in o scurity, but it has been thought to be derived from the

FLORA VITIENSIS, 971

Portuguese word macoco or macaco, a monkey, the end of the nut having three black scars, which give it somewhat the resemblance of a monkey's face. I think it may be shown that this fruit was known in very early times in Egypt, and that the name is derived from a word in the old language of that country. In the collection of ‘Egyptian Monuments, just published by Brugsch, there is an inscription (pl. xxxvi.) from the tomb of a functionary who lived in the reign of Tothmes I., cirea B.c. 1650. It gives a list of the trees which grew in the garden of this person, with the numbers of each kind. Twenty species of trees are mentioned. There were ninety Sycamores, thirty-one Perseas, five Fig-trees, three Acacias, twelve Vines, eight Willows, ten Tamarisks, and others which cannot be clearly identified. Appended to the name of each tree is a determinative hieroglyphic representing a bush or tree. In three cases the determinative is a manifest Paim-tree. In the first of these cases the name is represented by a single hieroglyphic, a bunch of dates, of which the sound is known (from being phonetically written in other texts) to be baner; it is the Coptic benne, the Date-palm (Pheenia dactylifera). The number of trees of this kind in the garden was a hundred and seventy. In the next case the name is written phonetically mama. This was, in all probability, the Doum-palm (Hyphene eucifera), which is common in Egypt. There were a hundred and twenty of these trees. Of the third Palm, our horticulturist had only a single specimen. Its name is written phonetically mama-en-khanent. Brugsch calls it Hyphene Argun, which is the name of an African species of Palm. I believe it to have been the Cocoa-nut tree, for the reasons which follow. In the first Sallier Papyrus, page 8, there is a sort of poetical apostrophe to the god Thoth, the patron of scribes. In this the writer addresses his deity thus:—' O thou Palm-tree (mama) of sixty cubits in height, upon which are kuku (with determinative of seed or fruit) ; with khanini (same determinative) within the kuku ; with water within the hanini? Here it is evident that the Palm- tree mentioned is the same as that in Brugsch’s inscription, viz. the Palm of khonent or khanini. The ` kuku is evidently its fruit; the Ahanini must be the kernel or flesh, within which is the well-known Cocoa- nut milk. The height of the tree answers well, as the ordinary growth of the Cocoa-nut Palin is stated to be from sixty to ninety feet. The Doum-palm is described by Pliny (xiii. 18) under the name of Cuci (kuki. kove)), which is in effect the same word as kuku. But the fruit of the Doum-palm differs from the Cocoa-nut in having no juice inside it. In Coptic, kovre means bark; and perhaps this word may have been applied to the nuts of both Palms, from the barky husk with which they are surrounded, The Copts had also the Grecized word kovxovvapia for fir-cones. Perhaps the Greek xoxkos may be radically the same word, though the Greeks only applied it to much smaller fruits, or berries. We need not, then, go to the Portuguese for the derivation of Cocoa, seeing that the identical name was applied to Palm-nuts by the Egyptians in the fourteenth century B.c., the date of the Sallier Papyrus. That the Cocoa-nut was a rarity in Egypt we may see from there being but one tree of the kind in the old gardener’s collection, while he had above a hundred each of the native Palms. For this reason also, as well as for the peculiar and refreshing character of its fruit, it appeared to the poetical scribe a worthy symbol of his patron deity." Setting aside the argument advanced in the ‘ Parthenon’ for an affirmative answer, I should reply—There is no reason why the Cocoa-nut should not have been cultivated at Thebes more than three thousand years ago. Some varieties of the nut will grow far inland, and Thebes is not so very far distant from the sea to pre- clude such a contingency : the climate would also admit of it. Again, if the Cocoa-nut could be drifted in modern times by the prevailing winds and marine currents from Western America to Eastern Asia, there is no reason why it should not have done the same three thousand years ago, when the distribution of land and water must have been pretty much the same as it is now, and the direction of the winds and currents was doubt- less not different from what we find in our days. It is therefore not unlikely that the Cocoa-nut, if known in Asia three thousand years ago, might have found its way to Egypt,—even Solomon's fleet having brought home curiosities of every description from Ceylon and other parts,—and might have been cultivated by a gentleman attached to horticulture. But I am not quite prepared to confirm the venture that the Mama- en-khanent of the catalogue of the Egyptian garden was the Cocoa-nut. The determinative appended to the hieroglyphic is very rude, and all one could conscientiously say is, that in outline it looks very much like either a Palm ora Musa. But in taking into consideration that the apostrophe in the Sallier Papyrus, page 8, applies to this tree, it may be granted that we have to deal with a Palm, the Musa fruit having no water inside. But the presence of water inside the fruit would not settle the question whether we have the real Cocoa-nut before us. What is popularly termed the * water” is common to all Palms when the fruit is suffi- ciently young, and disappears on approaching maturity. The water—to keep to the term—would probably not be noticed in small fruit ; and the fact that it was specially alluded to in the apostrophe would seem to imply that the author was speaking of a large fruit. The height of the tree mentioned in the papyrus (sixty cubits) tallies well with that usually attained by the Cocoa-nut tree in the tropics and near the sea; but it may be questioned whether that Palm would attain its full dimensions in a place situated like Thebes. I have seen the tree struggling for existence at the very edge of the equinoctial region, even in its favourite haunts in the neighbourhood of the sea—for instance, the Sandwich Islands and the Gulf of California. There are no other points a botanist could lay hold of, and I may therefore be permitted to guess what other Palm can possibly be meant by the Mama-en-khanent, The Palms of Egypt are the Date and the

[PUBLISHED JULY 31, 1868.] 20

278 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Doum (Phenix dactylifera and Hyphena Thebaica), both of which are disposed of by the writer in the ‘Parthenon.’ But there is a Palm in Nubia, and probably also in Upper Egypt, the Deleb (Borassus zEthiopum, Mart.), which has a fruit quite as large as some of the middle-sized kinds of Cocoa-nut, and the ventricose trunk of which has evidently been the prototype of the columns seen in Egyptian temples; the Date-palm, from which the capitals were copied (as is evident in the great temple of Edfou), having no such swelling in the trunk. There is a considerable quantity of water in the fruit of the Deleb-palm ; and as its height also agrees with that mentioned in the apostrophe, the balance of evidence would rather seem in favour of this tree as that meant by the Mama-en-khanent. This same Palm has already been mistaken for the Cocoa-nut tree; it is the Palm of Timbuctoo, which Humboldt, misguided by erroneous information, thought to be Cocos nucifera, until, in a paper read before the Linnean Society, I showed it to be Borassus ZEthiopum.

The oil of the Cocoa-nut Palm, or Niu dina, has long been one of the articles of export from Viti ; nevertheless, it is difficult to arrive at any definite result about the average annual quantity shipped. The Wesleyan mission, in negotiating with an island trader for the transport of the oil received from the natives as contributions to its funds, were ready to guarantee that at least sixty tuns should pass through his hands. This, at the rate of £20 per tun, the average value of the oil on the spot, would give £1200 per annum—a sum tolerably well agreeing with that usually advertised on the wrapper of the ‘ Wesleyan Mis- sionary Notices’ as the Fijian share towards the support of the Society. Exact data for forming an opinion of the quantity shipped by the actual traders are altogether wanting. ‘On consulting with several about this subject, they pretty nearly all agreed in fixing three hundred tuns as the utmost limit of the annual export of the whole group,=£6000 on the spot. Hitherto, there has been great waste in the making of oil, the native process being of a primitive description. To remedy this evil, Captain Wilson and M. Joubert, of Sydney, set up proper machinery on their estate at Somosomo, after one of the partners had familia- rized himself with the latest improvement in that branch of industry in Ceylon. Cocoa-nut oil congealing at a temperature of about 72° Fahr., and the thermometer during the cool months often falling below that degree, a proper amount of warmth must be kept up whilst the operation of pressing the pulverized kernels is going on, in order to extract the largest quantity of oil from the least number of nuts. Wilkes, upon the authority of one of the scientific men attached to his expedition, states that there were only two varieties of Cocoa-nut, a green and a brown. Closer attention to the subject would have shown this to be a mistake ; not only the colour, but also the average size and shape of the fruits, the height of the trees, and the insertion of the leaflets, or rather segments, offer marks of distinction between the numerous varieties with which the islands are studded. The most striking kind is the one having fruits not much larger than a turkey's egg, and bearing more than a hundred of them in each bunch. Several trees were noticed at Kadavu, about Yarabale, a narrow isthmus, where canoes are dragged across from sea to sea. The curious pheno- menon of a Cocoa-nut Palm becoming branched by the division of the trunk, has occasionally been witnessed in Fiji; and two interesting instances of it are given in Williams's * Fiji and the Fijians, where one of the trees is described with five branches. In Samoa Mr. W. Pritchard saw a tree with two heads, regarded with just pride by the natives who possessed it, and cut down during a war by their enemies. As in other parts of Polynesia, the trunk is made into small canoes, or supplies materials for building and feneing; stockades of it are impenetrable to bullets. The leaves are made into different kinds of mats and baskets; yam-houses are occasionally thatehed with them, but these roofs do not last much longer than a year. The spathe enclosing the flowers is used for torches; the fibres surrounding the nut are made into * sinnet," used for fastenings of all kinds. The young flesh is delicious eating, and the “water” contained in the nuts a refreshing drink, which, as the fruit advances, undergoes a gradual change, for all of which there are distinctive names. New-comers soon fix upon a certain stage most agreeable to their palate, and on indieating it to the natives they will readily pick it out by knocking with their fingers on the outside of either the husked or the unhusked nut, and be guided by the sound. This process requires long practice, and, though trying hard, I did not succeed in learning at least the sound of that stage I preferred to others. The ripe nuts are grated and used for puddings, or given to fowls and pigs. Some persons have a predilection for nuts when just in the act of germinating—a taste which the Asiatic shares in eating the young Palmyras, and the African the seedlings of the Borassus ? ZEthiopum, Mart. It is to be regretted that so few plantations of Cocoa-nut trees are formed by white settlers. The annual value of a fruit-producing tree is never less than one dollar; and how easily might 10,000 nuts be set in the ground, and the value of an estate be permanently raised! Every part of the smaller islands and the sea-borders of the larger are localities suitable for this purpose. Only Bau, Viwa, and the distriets adjacent, form an exception: the trees, as soon as they have reached a certain height, become diseased; their leaves look as if dipped in boiling water, and their fruits are few in number, poor, and often drop off before they arrive at maturity ; a thick layer of marl, forming the subsoil of those districts, seeming to oppose that ready drainage which the Cocoa-nut tree requires, and which it enjoys in so eminent a degree on tbe white beaches of sand and decomposed corals.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 279

VI, Sagus, Rumph. Amb. vol. i. p. 72; Endl. Gen. n. 1741. Flores monoici, in eodem spadice ramoso, absque spatha communi oo incompletis vaginato, in amentis compressis distichis, bractea et bracteola cupularibus cincti. Fl. 9: Calyx 3-dentieulatus. Corolla 3-petala. Stamina 6 v. 12; filamenta compressiuscula, basi dilatata ; antheræ lineares, erectee. Ovarii rudimentum 0. Fl. ¢: Calyx 3-denticulatus. Corolla campanulata, 3-fida. Staminum urceolus 6-dentatus, antheris effoetis, sagittatis. Ovarium 3-loculare. Stigmata 3, subulata, connata. Bacca squamis retrorsis loricata, l-sperma. Albumen ruminatum. Embryo supra fossam umbilicalem dorsalis.— Palmze caudice crasso, mediocris altitudinis, intus molli, rubella; frondibus terminalibus robustis, pinnatis, subcrispis, petiolorum basibus margine in fibris fissilibus, spadicibus magnis inter frondium bases pendulis, ramosis, perennautibus ; floribus fuscescentibus, coriaceis, persistentibus ; fructibus strobili- formibus, nitidis, fuscis v. castaneis, parce flavescenti-carnosis, seminibus durissimis.—Celococcus, Herm. Wendl. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 199.

Dr. George Bennett, of Sydney, found a Sago Palm on Rotuma, north of Viti, which may possibly be identical with the following species, but as no specimens seem to have been preserved, this point is alto- gether doubtful.

1. S. Vitiensis, Herm. Wendl. in Appendix to Seem. Viti, p. 444 (Tab. LXXX.) ; baccis maximis, albumine zequabili depresso-globoso, fovea rotundata magna reniformi a basi usque in medium et supra depressa excavato, embryone subverticalii—Celococcus Vitiensis, Herm. Wendl. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 199.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, * Sogo” et “ Niu Soria.”—In swamps, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 658), Vanua Levu, and Ovalau. —

The Niu soria or Sogo is a genuine Sago-palm, growing in swamps on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Ovalau, and was discovered by Mr. Pritchard and myself when on our first visit to Chief Kuru- duadua. By asking the natives respecting the various Palms of the islands, they described one which I was led to consider as the sago-yielding tree, and hence made inquiries at all the places we called, but did not obtain a sight of it until we reached Taguru, on the southern coast of Viti Levu, and thence westward it was encountered in abundance. Fine groves, several miles in extent, were seen by us on the various branches and deltas of the Navua river. It was afterwards ascertained to grow on Ovalau; and Mr. Waterhouse, when accompanying Colonel Smythe, found an extensive grove of it on the north-eastern parts of Vanua Levu. The natives of Ovalau term the Palm Niu soria, those of Viti Levu, Sogo (pro- nounced “ Songo”); the latter name reminding one of * Sago" or “ Sagu," by which some species of Sagus are known in other islands inhabited by the Papuan race ; and rendering the discovery of this Palm ethno- logically as interesting as it is important commercially, by adding another raw product to the export list of the islands, and botanically, by extending the geographical range of sago-yielding Palms 1500 miles further south-east than it was previously known to exist. The natives of Fiji were unacquainted with the nutritious qualities residing in the trunk, until Mr. Pritchard and myself extracted the sago from it.

The Sogo grows in swamps, and the natives occasionally take advantage of the open places among the groves to plant taro, or even clear Sogo swamps for that purpose. The dimensions of the finest specimens were accurately measured. The largest trees felled were from forty to fifty feet high, and their trunks, in the thickest parts, from three feet nine inches to four feet four inches in circumference. The trunk is very straight, and densely covered with aerial roots, six to twelve lines long, all having the peculiarity of being directed upwards. "The crown generally consists of about sixteen living leaves in all stages of develop- ment, and there are mosily five or six dead ones still adhering to it. The pinnatifid leaves are of a dark green, seventeen feet long; whilst the leaflets, gracefully drooping at the tips, are from three and a half to four feet long, and three and a half inches broad. The petiole is covered with spines, which at its base are arranged in connected rows extending from side to side, and towards the top in horseshoe-shaped collec- tions. The spines are brown, and from one and a half to two and a half inches long. When the tree has attained maturity there appears a terminal panicle about twelve feet high, and divided into twenty or more branches. These branches measure eight feet in length, and are again divided into about fourteen branch- lets (each averaging from fourteen to sixteen inches). The fruit, in outer appearance resembling an inverted pine-cone, is beautifully polished and of a yellowish-brown, much lighter than that of Sagus Rumphii, Mart. The Palm forms a prominent feature in the landscape, its foliage fluttering like gigantie plumes in the wind, and outbidding the Cocoa-nut in gracefulness of outline and movement ; the bold look of the flowers suddenly starting from the extremity of the trunk, and proclaiming, as it were by signal, that the

; 202

280 FLORA VITIENSIS.

"time has arrived when nature has completed her task of laying up stores of nutritious starch, and that unless the harvest is at once gathered in, nothing will remain of the produce of years save the receptacle in which it was treasured up. Even the old dead trees, standing like so many skeletons amongst a host of young living ones, present an interesting appearance, reminding one of the posts with their many arms over which the wires of electric telegraphs are carried. Mr. Pritchard and myself felled six trees, and carried two logs to Lado, where we made sago of one of them by grating and washing the yellow-white substance with which the inside was filled. The term “ spongy” does not well apply to this substance ; it has rather the consis- tency of a hard-baked loaf, and that taken from the base of the tree has a sweet and pleasant taste ; towards the top it was more insipid. For the purpose of collecting sago it is of the highest importance that the tree should be cut down just at the time when the flowers begin to show themselves; if felled sooner the tree has not attained its proper development, and the quantity of farinaceous matter will not be so great as at the period indieated ; 1f, on the other.hand, the eutting down is deferred until the fruit has been formed, a eonsiderable diminution of the quantity of sago meal will be observed; and the longer such a postpone- ment takes place, the less chance there is of collecting a remunerative amount, as the tree, after it has borne flower and fruit, which, unlike the Cocoa-nut Palm, it does only once during the term of its exist- ence, speedily dies. The trees are easily felled, only the outer layers of wood possessing any hardness, the — parts being as soft as bread, so that a few strokes with a good axe will bring the largest tree to the ground.

EXPLANATION OF PrATE LX X X, representing Sagus Vitiensis.—Fig. 1, portion of leaf of young plant; 2, portion of spadix: 3, male flower; 4, stamens; 5, ripe fruit; 6 and 7, different views of kernel; 8, (this figure has been introduced by mistake) ; 9 and 10, kernel eut longitudinally (Fig. 10 showing the em- bryo); Figs. 3 and 4, magnified ; the others, natural size.

Orvo XCIII. PANDANACEJZE.

I. Typha, Tournef. Inst. t. 301 ; Linn. Gen. n. 1040; Endl. Gen. n. 1709. Flores monoici. Spica g, culmum terminans, continua v. spathis caducissimis interstincta. Stamina oo, e spadice pullulantia, setis stipata; filamenta filiformia, flaccida, simplicia v. apice brevissime 2-3-furcata ; anthers basifixe, oblonga, 2-loculares, 4-locellate. Spica 9 infra d continue culmum obvestiens. Ovaria oo, immediatim e rachi oriunda et juxta parvas ejusdem protuberantias spicata, setis oo sub- clavatis (ovariis abortivis) stipata, primum sessilia, tandem in stipite setis consito elevata, 1-locularia. Ovulum 1, ex apice loculi pendulum, anatropum. Stylus simplex, ovario continuus, stigmate unilaterali linguzeformi. Fructus subdrupaceus, minimus, epicarpio membranaceo, tandem hinc fisso, endocarpio lignoso, cum testa cohzerente. Semen inversum, basi cum endocarpio connatum, situm erectum mentiens. Embryo cylindricus, in axi albuminis carnosi, extremitate radiculari incrassata, supera.—Herbæ paludose ; radicibus repentibus, culmo enodi; foliis alternis, linearibus, strictis, basi dilatata vaginantibus; spica terminali clavata, compacta.— Gürtn. vol. i. p. 8. t. 2; Richard in Ann. du Mus. vol. xvii. t. 5. f. 8, 9; Archives de Bot. vol. i. p. 193. t. 5; Nees, jun. Gen. Plant. fasc. ii. t. i. .

l. T. angustifolia, Linn. Sp. 1377; Kurz in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1867, p. 95; foliis linea- ribus, inferne subcanaliculatis, caulem florigerum superantibus; spica d a 9 remota.—Smith, Brit. p. 959; Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. iv. p. 198; Eng. Bot. t. 1456; Flor. Dan. t. 815; M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caue. vol. ii. p. 379; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. vol. iv. p. 249; Dene. Deser. Herb. Timor. p. 38; R. Br. Prodr. p. 538; Reichb. Germ. p. 11; Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. p. 681; Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii, p. 567; Kunth, Berol. vol. ii. p. 304; ejusd. Enum, Pl. vol. iii. p. 91; De Vriese in Pl. Jungh. vol. i. p. 106; Hassk. Fl. Bot. Zeit. 1842, Beibl. vol. ii. p. 12; Blanco, Fl. de Filip. p. 687; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii. p. 173. T. elatior, Boenningh. in Reichb. Germ. p. 11; Boreau in Guill. Arch. vol. ii. p. 399; Kunth, Enum. Pl. vol. iii. p. 90. T. minor, Curt. Lond. fase. iii. t. 62. T. Damiatticas

FLORA VITIENSIS. 281 .

Ehrenb. in Hort. Berol. 1834. . 7. angustata, Bory, mss. T. Javanica, Schnitzl. in Zoll. Cat. 77. T. Shuttleworthii, Koch et Sond. in Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. 2. p. 785; Pl. Preuss. vol. ii. p. 3. T. Brownei, Kunth, Enum. Pl. vol. ii. p. 92. T. latifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 336; non Linn. —Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * De ni ruve.”—In swamps, Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 646). Also found in Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Australia, and nearly all other parts of the world.

II. Pandanus, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 64; Endl. Gen. n. 1711. Flores dioici. Fl. g: Spadix compositus, thyrsoideus. Stamina oc, conferta; filamenta filiformia ; antherz 2-loculares. FI. 9 : Spadix simplex. Ovaria oo, dense conferta, libera v. in phalanges connata, 1-locularia. Ovulum 1, e placentz parietalis basi adscendens, anatropum. Stigmata sessilia, distincta. Drupze fibrosz, in phalanges connate, putamine osseo, l-loculares. Semen 1, e basi placent; parietalis erectum, testa membranacea; raphe filiformi, obsoleta. Embryo in basi albuminis dense carnosi minimus, ortho- tropus, extremitate radiculari umbilicum attingente infera.— Plante acaules v. caudice arboreo stricto, . sepius stolonifero; foliis phyllodineis, 3-fariam imbricatis, elongato-lineari-lanceolatis, amplexi- caulibus, margine ssepius spinosis; spathis confertis, szepe coloratis, ex axilla spadices exserentibus.— R. Br. Prodr. 341; Jacq. Fragm. t. 14. f. 2; Roxb. Corom. t. 94-96; Mirbel in Ann. Mus. vol. xvi. t. 17 ; Schott, Melet. p. 15. Arthrodacíylis, Forst. Char. Gen. n. 57. Keura, Forsk. ZEgypt. p. 172.

1. P. caricosus, Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. iv. p. 154; Kurz in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1867, p. 100; humilis, ceespitosus v. caulescens ; folia subflaccida, sursum subplana, marginibus costaque subtus a medio spinulosa, saturate v. lutescente viridia; syncarpia echinata, solitaria, cernua, ovalia v. subglobosa, pugni magnitudine, brunnei v. fusco-brunnei; drups sicez, granuloso-scabre.— Spreng. Syst. vol. iii. p. 897; Kunth, Enum. vol. iii. p. 98; Hassk. Cat. Bog. p. 60? ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii. p. 168. P. atrocarpus, Griff. Notul. Monocot. p. 160.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, * Kiekie” et “ Voivoi."—In swampy forests, Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 650). Also found in the Indian Archipelago and the Moluccas.

The Voivoi or Kiekie is an almost stemless species, with leaves ten to twelve feet long, which delights in swampy parts of the forests, and is occasionally cultivated. Fans, baskets, and the finest mats—even. those on which newly-born babes, naked as they are for more than a twelvemonth, are carried—are made of its bleached leaves. Occasionally neat patterns are worked in, by introducing portions of the material dyed black, whilst the borders of highly-finished mats are tastefully ornamented with the bright red feathers of the Kula,—a parroquet (Coriphilus solitarius, Latham), not found in the groups eastward of Fiji, and therefore highly esteemed by the inhabitants of those islands. The bleached leaves are also employed for decorating the body, being tied by the men over their head-dress (sala), around their breast, upper part of the arms, wrists, and above the calves. The custom is not restricted to any particular class of natives, but freely practised by all, serfs, commoners, and chiefs, when they go to war, or wish to look smart.

2. P. verus, Rumph. Herb. Amb. vol. iv. p. 139, t. 74 (mala) ; Kurz, l. c. p. 125; arboreus v divaricato-decumbens, ramosus, 15-20-pedalis; folia marginibus costaque subtus spinis albidis rectis horride armata, strictiuscula, acuminatissima, albido-glauca v. glauca; spathe marginibus carinaque spinulose ; stamina racemosa, connata; syncarpia hominis capitis magnitudine v. majora, solitaria, dein aurantiaca; drupe per 8 v. oo, in phalanges apice tessellato-convexiusculas connate ; stigmata oblique trigona, parvula.— Kaida Taddi, Rheede, Malab. vol. ii. f. 6. Keura odorifera, Forsk. Reg. Arab. p. 172. Arthrodactylis spinosa, Forst. Gen, n. 75. Pandanus odoratissimus, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 424; Roxb. Pl. Corom. vol. i. p. 65. t. 94-96; ejusd. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 738; Kunth, Enum. PI. vol. iii. p. 94; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii. p. 156; Griff. Notul. Monocot. p. 159. t. 174. P. spiralis, Blanco, Fl. de Fil. p. 777; R. Br. Prodr. p. 941? ; Kunth, Enum. vol. iii. p. 100?. P. Blancoi,

282 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Kunth, Enum. vol. iii. p. 583. P. fascicularis, Lamk. Encycl. vol. i. p. 372 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. iv. p. 646; Kunth, Enum. Pl. vol. iii. p. 98. P. littoralis, Jungh. Topogr. Naturw. Reise durch Java, p. 61; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii. p. 158. - P. leucanthus, Hassk. Fl. (Bot. Zeit.) 1842; Beibl. vol. ii. p. 14. P. Milleri, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 739; Hort. Beng. p. 71; ejusd. Icon. ined. vol. xv. t. 4. P. tectorius, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 350, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.) t. 113. Hasskarlia leucacantha, Walp. Ann. vol. i. p. 753.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Balawa” et “ Vadra."—Very common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 649). Also in the Hawaiian (Seemann !), Society (Banks and Solander!), Tongan (Cook !), and most other Poly- nesian islands. Widely diffused through India and the Indian Archipelago.

Mats, with which the floors of houses and sleeping-places are thickly covered, are made of two kinds of screw-pines: the finest, of those of the Voivoi (Pandanus caricosus, Rumph.) ; the coarsest, of the leaves of the Balawa (Pandanus verus, Rumph.). The Balawa, or Vadra, as it is termed in some districts, is a tree twenty-five feet high, indieative of poor soil, growing in exposed positions, and being one of the first plants appearing on newly-formed islands. Its singular habit has often been dwelt upon. The smooth white branches, with their dense heads of foliage, not inaptly compared to the arms of a huge candelabrum ; the strong aerial roots, covered with minute spines, and serving as so many props; the curious corkscrew- like arrangement of the foliage, the leathery, sword-shaped spiny leaves themselves; the long spikes of male, and the shorter branches of female flowers, their delicious perfume strongly recalling to mind that of the vegetable ivory of South America; finally, the bright orange-coloured drupes, formed into large heads of fruit, to say nothing of their insipid taste, appreciated only by natives, are all so essentially different from what a European traveller is aceustomed to in his own country, that his attention is involuntarily arrested, and he hardly ever fails to record, it. -

III. Freycinetia, Gaud. Freyc. p. 431. t. 41-43; Endl. Gen. n. 1712. Flores pseudo-poly- gami. Fl. 4: Spadix simplex, typhoideus. Stamina oo; filamenta filiformia; antherz 2-loculares. Fl.? : Spadix simplex. Ovaria co, staminibus effoetis stipata, in phalanges connata, 1-locularia. Ovula co, in placentis 3 parietalibus linearibus, 2-3-seriata, e funiculis brevibus adscendentia, ana- - tropa. Stigmata sessilia, distincta. Baccze carnosulie, oo-sperme, ex ovariis oo connatis cc-loculares, nunc ovariorum parietibus pereuntibus 1-loculares. Semina co, parietalia, e funiculis brevibus erecta ; testa membranacea, raphe laterali carnosa, strophioleeformi. Embryo in basi albuminis dense carnosi minimus, orthotropus, extremitate radiculari umbilico proxima, infera.—Plantz caudice arborescente, sepissime radicante v. scandente; Pandanorum habitu.—Schott, Melet. p. 16; Endl. Fl. Norf. p. 24; Blume, Rumph. p. 156. t. 89-43; Kurz in Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1867, p. 133.

` Besides the species enumerated below, there occur in tropical Polynesia the following, viz. 1, F. arborea, Gaud. Bot. Freye. t. 41 (F. scandens, Hook. et Arn., non Gaud.), from the Sandwich Islands (Seemann!) ; 2, F. Baueriana, Endl., from Norfolk Island (Bauer); 3, F. demissa, R. Br. et Benn., (Pandanus demissus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 352 (ined.),) from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! in Herb. Mus. Brit.); and 4, F. graminifolia, Seem., from New Caledonia (Vieillard! in Herb. Kew.). All the Vitian species belong to

Brown and Bennett’s second section of the genus (Pericarpia omnia basi coalita, apicibus elongatis fibroso- lignosis in phalanges partiales varie connatis).

1. F. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonpl. 1861, p. 260 (Tab. LXXXIII.) ; foliis lineari- lanceolatis, versus apicem attenuatis, spinulosis, minute lepidotis; fl. 4 ign.; pedunculis 9 setosis 3-cephalis; spadicibus subglobosis, oligocarpiis; baccis ovatis, acuminatis.—Voma Peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 647).

One of the smaller species. Leaves linear-lancet-shaped, clad on the midrib of the back of the leaf and on the edge towards the point with minute spines. Blade about 3 inches long and 6-9 lines broad. Female spikes in threes at the end of the branches. Flowers both of male and female unknown.

ExPLANATION Or PrarE LXXXIII., representing F. Vitiensis, Scem.—Fig. 1, a half-ripe berry ; 2, the same, cut across :—both magnified.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 283

2. F. Pritchardii, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LXXXIV.); foliis linearibus, longiuscule attenu- atis, versus apicem spinulosis; fl. d ign.; pedunculis 9 inermibus 3-cephaliis; spadicibus ovato- oblongis; baccis obovato-oblongis.—Voma Peak, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 696).

This species, which I have named in honour of W. T. Pritchard, Esq., who was with me when I dis- covered it, is allied to F. Storckii, but differs in having unarmed peduncles, etc. Leaves 10-12 inches long, 5-7 lines broad. Peduncle of 9 flowers divided into three branches, convex at back, flat (?) in front.

ee or Puare LXXXIV., representing F. Pritchardii, Seem.—Fig. 1, a half-ripe berry, magnified.

3. F. Storckii, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonpl. 1861, p. 260 (Tab. LXXXV.) ; foliis linearibus, longiusfule attenuatis, versus apicem spinulosis; fl. ¢ ign.; pedunculis 9 minute aculeatis bi- cephalis; spadicibus ovato-oblongis; baccis ovato-acuminatis.—Island of Taviuni, near the lake (Seemann ! n. 695).

This is allied to F. demissa, Br. et Benn., which has also spinulose peduncles; but in Banks and Solander's specimens from. Tahiti, upon which F. demissa is founded, the berries are different in shape (more cylindrical), and the female peduncle is divided into three or four branches ; the leaves seem also to be much larger and longer. Leaves of F. Storcki? 20-24 inches long, 8-10 lines broad.

ExPLANATION OF PraATE LXXXV., representing F. Storckii, Seem.— Fig. 1, half-ripe berry ; 2, the same, cut across :—both magnified.

4. F. Milnei, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Bonpl. 1861, p. 260 (Tab. LXXXVI.); foliis linearibus; longiuscule attenuatis, versus apicem et basin spinulosis, basi 2-aurichlatis; fl. ign.; pedunculis ? inermibus 3-cephalis; spadicibus oblongis; baccis subobovato-oblongis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Milne, “ Vukavuka."— Vanua Levu (Milne! Seemann! n. 648).

According to Milne, the fruit is eaten by the natives. Leaves 2 feet and more long, 14-2 inches

broad. Female spadix 23-3 inches long. ExPLANATION OF Prater LXXXVL, representing F. Milnei, Seem.—Fig. 1, a half-ripe berry; 2, the

. same, cut across :—both magnified.

Orvo XCIV. AROIDEJE.

I. Amorphophallus, Blume, Diar. Bat. 1825 ; Schott, Prodr. Aroid. p. 130; ejusd. Gen. n. 31. tab. 31. Spadix appendice corrugato-conoidea tandem marcescenti amorpha. Stylus longissi- mus, teres, abrupte exsertus, deciduus. Stigma amplum, valvato-2-3-lobum. Anthere vertice 2- porosze e loculis 2-porosis, tandem in rimulas transversaliter dehiscentes confluentibus. Organa neutra 0. Semen....—Tuber magnum. Folium solitarium, hysteranthium, petiolo tereti elon- gato maculato tricruri, segmentis laminz oblique oblongis acuminatis inzequalibus. — Pedunculus parum e terra prominens. Spatha maxima, coriacea, campanulata, limbo undulata. Spadicis ap- pendix fungosa, varie tandem ac irregulariter profunde rugosa.—Arum, Roxb. Rythion, Mart.

Caudarum, Reichnb.

1. A. campanulatus, Blume in Decaisne, Timor, p. 38, et in Rumph. vol. i. p. 139 et 33; pe- tioli verrucoso-asperi; spatha spadicem apice conoideo-tumidum subzquans.— Dracontium polyphyl- lum, Forst. Pl. Escul. n. 29; Prodr. n. 330; non Linn.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Daiga;" Tahiti- ense, * Theve,” teste Solander, “ Teva," teste Ellis.—Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 652).

The Daiga is always found on dry ground, and appears in the spring of the year, together with

arrowroot, turmeric, and ginger. Its foliage consists of a single leaf, which rises from a roundish tuber to the height of from two to four feet, having a petiole full of soft prickles, and a blade spreading

284 FLORA VITIENSIS.

out somewhat like an umbrella, and divided into numerous, deeply cut segments. The flowers are not put forth until the leaf is beginning to die off, and emit an offensive carrion-like odour, The acrid properties of this plant are turned to singular account in Polynesia. Turner (‘Nineteen Years in Polynesia, p. 286), speaking of the punishments inflicted in Samoa, says one of them was to take five bites of its pungent root, which was like filling the mouth five times with cayenne pepper, and that i& was considered cowardly to shrink from the punishment on which the village court might decide, and so the young man would go boldly forward, sit down before the chief, bite the root five times, get up, and walk away with his mouth on fire. According to Tahitian tradition, says Ellis (* Poly- nesian Researches,’ vol. ii. p. 43), “at first the heavens joined the earth, and were only separated by the Teva [the Vitian ‘ Daiga’], till their god, Ruu, lifted up the heavens from the earth." The Samoans (says Turner, * Nineteen Years in Polynesia, p. 245), * believe that once upon a time the old heavens fell down, and that people had to crawl about like the lower animals. After a time the Arrowroot and another similar plant [again the Vitian *Daiga'], pushed up the heavens. The place where these plants grew is still pointed out, and called the Te'enga-langi, or heaven-pushing place.” The Fijians recommend the place where this plant grows as a safe refuge when the end of the world approaches, the Daiga being in their opinion a * Vasu” to heaven (Vasu ki lagi). A Vasu, it should be added in explanation, is, according to widely-spread Polynesian custom, a nephew who holds the movable property of his mother's brothers at his almost absolute disposal, having the power to do whatever he pleases with it. Some Vasus even ven- ture so far as to dispose of the very lands belonging to their maternal uncles. There are Vasus to every family, town, and kingdom. A Vasu to heaven is the climax of the whole system, cleverly employed in the - charming Fijian story of the Princess Vilivilitabua. The root of the Daiga is acrid, but after being freed — from that property, esteemed on account of its nutritious qualities. Being thought to assist fermentation, some of it is mixed with the leaven of bread; for the Fijians, though not growing any grain, or import- ing flour, prepare what they call * Madrai," or bread, from the fruits of the Ivi (Znocarpus edulis, Forst.), Kavika (Eugenia Malaccensis, Limn.), Banana, Plaintain, Breadfruit, mangrove, and the roots of the Taro (Colocasia antiquorum, Schott, var. esculenta, Schott), Kawai (Dioscorea aculeata, Linn.), Via mila (Alocasia Indica, Schott), Via kana, and the Daiga. A hole, having the shape of an inverted cone, is dug in the ground, and having been lined with leaves, the different materials are put in, covered with leaves, earth, and stones, to undergo fermentation, and become fused into a homogeneous mass. Two or three, ay, even nine months are allowed for that process. "When taken out, the dough emits a sour fetid smell. It is then either baked on hot stones, or steamed in large earthenware pots; but the taste is such that few foreigners acquire a partiality for it, and the natives themselves infinitely prefer our bread and biscuit to their own madrai. Yet it is most fortunate that in a country where numerous kinds of fruits and edible roots, how- ever abundant at certain seasons, are subject to such rapid decay, the natives are acquainted with a simple process, by means of which they are able to store up their provisions, and thus effectually guard against extreme want in a land of plenty.

II. Colocasia, Schott, Melet. vol. i. p. 18; Prodr. Aroid. p. 137; Gen. n, 37. tab, 37. Spathze tubus diu vegeto- persistens, lamina lanceolata (flava). Spadix liber, spatha brevior, parte ? ovarodiis immixtis obsitus, parte 7 a ? organis neutris remota, appendice conoidea, interdum obso- leta. Ovaria in stylum brevissimum attenuata, stigmate depresse hemisphzrico minore connata (stigmata ergo non contigua), placehtis parietalibus oc-ovulatis, ovulis horizontalibus hemiortho- tropis. Synandria breviter stipitata, loculis apice implicatis exinde vertice aperientibus. Bacce spathze tubo disrumpente obtecte, virides, non decidue. Semina minutissima, oblongula, horizon- talia, epidermide succulenta, testa ob sulcos longitudinales parallelos striato-costata. Germinatio remotiva, cotyledone dilatata apice reniformi.— Folia peltata, simultanea, supra zquata, Spadix suavolens.

l. C. antiquorum, Schott, Melet. vol. i. p. 18; foliis glaucescenti-virentibus, lamina peltato- ovata, inferne 2-fida; scapis.oo ex eadem axilla, petiolis brevioribus ; spathz lamina lanceolata aurea ; clava acutata.

Var. B. esculenta, Schott.— rum esculentum, Linn.; Forst. Pl. Escul. 27; Prodr. n. 328.— Nomen vernac, Vitiense, “ Dalo ;" N. Zeland., Tahitiense, et Rarotonguense, * Taro;" Hawaiense, * Kalo.,"— Viti Levu, on the banks of the Rewa and Navua rivers, wild, or at least naturalized.

FLORA VITIENSIS. : 285

Cultivated throughout the Viti group (Seemann!). Also cultivated in New Zealand, the Tongan, Hawaiian, Samoan, and Society Islands.

The Taro, or, as the Fijian language has it, the Dalo, is grown in Viti on irrigated or on dry ground, eid more on the latter than on the former. The water is never allowed to become stagnant, but always ept in gentle motion. When planted on dry ground, generally on land just cleared, a tree or two with thick crowns are left standing in every field, which, as the natives justly conclude, attracts the moisture, and favours the growth of the crop. When the crop is gathered in, the tops of the tubers are cut off, and at once replanted. The young leaves may be eaten like Spinach; but, like the root, they require to be well cooked in order to destroy the acridity peculiar to Aroideous plants. The Fijians prefer eating the cooked Taro when cold—a taste which few Europeans share with them; on the contrary, the latter relish them uite hot, and, if possible, roasted. A considerable number of varieties are known,* some better adapted or puddings, some for bread (madrai), or simply for boiling or baking. The outer marks of distinction chiefly rest upon the different tinge observable in the corm, leaf, stalks, and ribs of the leaves—white, yellowish, purple. That called “ Kwrilagi,” was pointed out as having been eaten with a whole tribe of people. The story sounds strange, but as a number of. natives were present when it was told, several of whom corroborated the various statements, or corrected the proper names that occurred, its truth appears unimpeachable. In the interior of Viti Levu, about three miles N.N.E. from Namosi, there dwelt a tribe, known by the name of Kai-na-loca, who in days of yore gave great offence to the ruling chief of the Namosi district, and, as a punishment of their misdeeds, the whole tribe was condemned to die. Every year the inmates of one house were baked and eaten, fire was set to the empty dwelling, and its foundation planted with kurilagi. In the following year, as soon as this Taro was ripe, it became the signal for the destruction of the next house and its inhabitants, and the planting of a fresh field of Taro. Thus, house after house, family after family, disappeared, until Ratuibuna, the father of the present chief Kuruduadua, pardoned the remaining few, and allowed them to die a natural death. In 1860, only one old woman, living at Cagina, was the sole survivor of the Na-loca people. Picture the feelings of these unfortunate wretches, as they watched the growth of the ominous Taro! Throughout the dominions of the powerful chief whose authority they had insulted, their lives were forfeited, and to escape into territories where they were strangers would, in those days, only have been to hasten the awful doom awaiting them in their own country. Nothing remained save to watch, watch, watch, the rapid development of the kurilagi. As leaf after leaf unfolded, the corms inereased in size and substance, how their hearts must have trembled, their courage forsaken them! And when at last the foliage began to turn yellow, and the Taro was ripe, what mental agonies, what torture, they must have endured ! :

III. Alocasia, Schott in CEstr. Bot. Wochenbl. vol. ii. p. 59; Prodr. Syst. Aroid. p. 144; ejusd. Gen. n. 40. tab. 40. Spathze tubus vegeto-persistens; lamina cymbiformis. Spadix appen- diculatus, spatha paulo brevior, inferne ovariis (ovarodiis interdum) medio floribus neutris, infra apicem synandriis, dense obsitus. Ovaria stylo brevi, placenta fundifixa, ovulis paucis (sub 6) erectis bre- viter funiculatis instructa. Stigma depresso-hemisphericum, diametro quam ovarium minore. Synandria breviter stipitata, loculis sub vertice aperientibus. Fructus spath: tubo irregulariter, ab apice disrupto et revoluto involucratus. Baccæ rubrw, diu sistentes. Semen depresso-hemisphzri- cum, breviter funiculatum, epidermide crassula obductum, testa levigata, germinatione admotiva vaginam brevissimam ostendente.—Rhizoma elatum. Lamina juvencule stirpis magis peltata, adulte vix peltata. Coste et venz utrinque elevato-prominentes, Spadices suaveolentes.

Besides the species enumerated below, there is in tropical Polynesia A. macrorrhiza, Schott (drum costatum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.), p. 307, ex parte, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants

ined.), tab. 85, from the Society Islands (Banks and Solander !), of which Solander says that there are six neo exitivaiod in those ‘lands. but he regards it as identical with 4. Indica, which is also found in that

group as well as in the Hawaiian.

l. A. Indica, Schott, CEstr. Bot. Wochenbl. vol. iv. p. 410; Synops. Aroid. p. 46; sarmentosa ; ` sarmenta apice tuberifera; petioli longi; lamina folii stirpis adults ad basin fere usque bipartita,

* The different kinds of Dalo (Taro) are, Basaga, Bega, Dalo ni Vanua, Karakarawa, Keri, Kurilagi, Mumu, Quiawa, Sikaviloa, Sisiwa, Soki, Toakula, etc.

[PUBLISHED JULY 31, 1808.] a

286 FLORA VITIENSIS.

margine repanda, petiolo brevior, costa venisque albidis; spadix spatham lineari-cymbiformem æquans? appendix reliqua spadicis parte longior.—Arum macrorrhizon, Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 27 ; Prodr. n. 329, ex parte. Colocasia Indica, Kunth. Colocasia pruinipes, C. Koch, App. 1854, p. 4. Caladium giganteum, Blume, fide Hassk. Hort. Bogor., p. 56. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Via mila," * Via gaga,” “ Via sori,” et “ Dranu.’—On river banks and in swampy places on the outskirts of woods, islands of Taviuni, Viti Levu, and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 651).

The Via mila, always growing in swamps, is a gigantic species, often twelve feet high; the trunk or corm of which—the edible part—is, when fully developed, as large as a man’s leg: a single leaf weighing three and a half pounds. The petiole was found to be four feet long, and ten inches in circumference at the base; the blade of the leaf three feet two inches long, two feet six inches broad, and thirteen feet six inches in circumference! The plant emits a nauseous smell, amply warning, as well as the various popular names it bears, against any incautious contact with it. Besides the name of Via mila, which signifies “acrid Via,” we have that of Via gaga, or poisonous Via. What may be the meaning of Via sori, and Dranu, occasionally applied to it, I have not been able to find out. In order to remove the acrid proper- ties, the trunk is baked, or first grated, and then treated as madrai, or bread, in the manner explained above; yet, notwithstanding all precautions, the natives are frequently ill from eating it.

Mann, in his ‘Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants,’ p.205, confounds this species with Colocasia antiquorum, Schott, var. esculenta, when he says :—“ There is a form [of the just-named species] which grows high up in mountain valleys, known as ‘ Apii,’ which has very large leaves and a small and useless corm.” I saw this plant on some of the mountains of Oahu, and thus alluded to it in my ‘ Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 84:—* The fleshy trunks of the ‘ Ape,’ an Aroidea, with leaves measuring from eight to twelve feet in circumference, after having been roasted, and thus deprived of acridity, are eaten by the natives of the Sandwich Islands." Forster (Plant. Escul. p. 27) also alludes to it,

IV. Rhaphidophora, Hassk. Cat. Plant. Bog. p. 58; Schott, Prodr. Aroid. p. 377; ejusd. Gen. n. 77. tab. 77. Spadix sessilis, floseulis hermaphroditis ubique obsessus. Pistilla apice hebe- tato-convexa, stylo plus minusve conico producto, stigmate rotundato demum oblongulo. Ovaria incomplete 2-locularia (hemiphragmatibus 2 oppositis acie non contiguis), loculamentis oo-ovulatis. Ovula longe funiculata, anatropa, e placenta septifixa, superposite exserta, in utramque cavitatem directa. Antheree ultra pistilla producte. Bacce epicarpii supremam partem operculi modo reji- cientes, reliqua parte remanente. Semen ellipsoideum, albuminosum. Embryo axilis.—Frutices scandentes, radicantes. Petioli in geniculum usque sulcati, ultra medium rarius ad apicem vagi- nati, vagina alba, marcescenti-decidua. Lamina fol. integerrima in pinnatisectum usque, foramini- bus manifestis v. 0. Pedunculi solitarii. Spatha flava. Baccæ epicarpio glauco, intus aurantiaces.

1. R. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Schott in Seem. Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 367; vagin stipulares et bracteales stupose decompositz ; petiolus 7-14-pollicaris, in juventute ad apicem fere usque vagi- natus; folii lamina ambitu oblongo-ovata v. oblonga, basi subcordata, profunde, ad costam fere, pin- natisecta, 7-8 pollices longa, 5-10 pollices lata, segmentis utrinque 5-12, patentibus v. patentissi- mis, infimis supremisque exceptis, subzequalibus, linearibus, apice sensim breviterque dilatato trun- catis et latere superiore oblique falcato-acuminatis, vena nerviformi solitaria percursis, venis auxili- aribus costalibus crebris, omnibus tenuissimis; pedunculus bipollicaris v. paullo longior; spatha sub- 6-pollicaris, acuminato-cuspidata; spadix subtripollicaris; stigma subsessile.—Scindapsus Forsteri, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 161. JDracontium pertusum, Forst. Prodr. n. 331, non Mill. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Waloa."— Common in most Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 654). Also found in Tana, New Hebrides (Forster !).

* Observatio I. Proxima R. pinnate, Timorensi, eui fol. lamina basi haud cordata, minus profunde secta, segmenta e lata basi apicem versus manifeste angustata, ven: auxiliares costales crassiores ra- rioresque. - ; ` "Observatio II, An planta Rumphii eadem ac Timorensis ?

FLORA VITIENSIS. 287

“ Observatio III. R. pinnata ore orientalis tropice Australie a beato Cunningham collecta, ob seg- menta angusta vix truncata potius acuminata, angusta diachymatis portione connexa et venas auxiliares costales paucas, distincta species esse videtur, R. Cunninghami nuncupanda."— Schott, 1. c.

. 9. R. Storckiana, (sp. nov.) Schott in Seem. Bonplandia, vol. x. p. 346; petioli 7-10-polli- cares, vagina petiolari ad basin geniculi usque producta; lamina fol. 10-11 pollices longa, 3-34 pol- lices lata, oblongo-elliptica, basi cuneata, apice subsensim angustata, acuta, apiculo brevi aucta, venis et venastris oo, subsquitenuibus, approximatis, parallelis, patentibus, marginem versus sursum arcuatis, basi coste decurrentibus; spatha tripollicaris et ultra acuta; spadix spatha paullo brevior. —Island of Ovalau (Storck! n. 911).

* Affinis R. Peepla, Schott, tamen differre videtur petiolis longioribus, vagina ad basin geniculi termi- nata, fol. lamina inferne cuneatim angustata, apice acuta tantum et brevissime apiculata, nec acuminata."—

Schott, 1. c.

V. Cuscuaria, Rumph.; Schott, Prodr. Aroid. p. 397; ejusd. Gen. n. 80, tab. 80, Spatha cymbzeformis, ad basin usque hians, tandem decidua. Spadix sessilis, flosculis hermaphroditis onus- tus. Stamina 4, filamentis late linearibus; antherze haud exsertze, loculis apiculatis connectivo lon- gioribus. Ovarium 1-loculare, l.ovulatum, stylo manifesto, abrupte+e verticis centro exserto co- noideo brevi, stigmate hemispherico, stylo tenuiori impeltato. Ovulum basifixum, anatropum, breviter funiculatum, dorso parietem inferiorem (in spica) versus spectante.— Ramuli spadicigeri ab- breviati, internodiis brevissimis. Petioli vagina sensim angustata, ad geniculum non protensa, mar- cescenti-decomposita, aucti. Lamina integerrima, densissime ac tenuissime venosa. Pedunculi solitarii.

1. C. spuria, (sp. nov.) Schott in Seem. Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 367; petiolus 9-10 pollices longus, vagina inferne lata, apicem versus angustata, infra geniculum desinente auctus; geniculum longulum ł-pollicare, subincrassatum ; lamina fol. 14-15 pollices longa, 53-6 pollices inferne lata, oblonga, modice inzquilatera, basi abrupte rotundata, imo breviter cuneata, apicem versus sensim leviterque angustata, exitu subabrupte rotundata, brevissime cuspidulata, venis venastrisque copio- sissimis rectiusculis subzequicrassis in pseudoneurum marginale patentissime anastomosantibus.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 655).

VI. Cyrtosperma, Griff. Itin. Notes, vol. iii. p. 149; Schott, Prodr. Aroid. p. 402 ; ejusd. Gen. n. 84. tab. 84. Spatha vix contorta, tota longitudine tandem aperta, marcescenti-persistens. Spadix cylindricus. Flosculi 6-meri. Ovarium 1-loculare, 2-ovulatum, ovulis parietifixis, collatera- libus, infra medium loculamenti exsertis, fere longule funiculatis, anatropis, micropyle ampla fundum versus spectante. Pericarpium abortu monospermum. Semen curvatum, reniforme, mar- ginato-cristatum. Albumen carnosum? Embryo hippocrepicus.— Folia omnia hastata; petioli ut

pedunculi aculeis armati.

1. C. edulis, (sp. nov.) Schott in Seem. Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 367; petioli 15-16-pollicares, inermes; lamina fol. hastata, lobis acuminato-acutatis, juvenculz subzqualibus, vetustae inzequalibus, lobo medio pollices circiter 7-8 longo, 12 lato, linea valde arcuata apicem versus angustato, posticis ineequalibus inzequilateris extrorsis v. valde extrorsis, oblique oblongo-ovatis, ovato-oblongis v. sub- lanceolato-oblongis, apicem versus gradatim angustatis, exitu obtusulis apiculatis, 8-10 pollices longis, 44-54 pollices latis; costis (posticis) fere horizontaliter exsertis, infima parte in sinu amplo denudatis, exitu vix bicruri.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Via Kana."—Viti Levu, in swamps, and also cultivated (Seemann! n. 653).

The corms are baked and eaten, their flavour being considered by the natives to be superior to that of the Via mila (Alocasia Indica, Schott).

2P2

288 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Orpo XCV. LEMNACEZE.

I. Lemna, Linn. Gen. n. 1038; Hegelm. in Seem. Journ. 1865, p. 111. Frondes e rimis 2 lateralibus innovantes, l-rhizæ. Inflorescentiz ex iisdem rimis lateralibus oriundæ, 3-floræ, spatha tenui membranacea fulte. Fl. g 2, l-andri; anthera profunde 2-loba, 4-locularis, rimis 2 dehiscens. Fl. 2: Ovarium 1, urceolatum, 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum ; ovulum erectum hemianatropum v. atropum, integumentis 2. Fructus utriculus 1-spermus, indehiscens. Semen horizontale aut erectum, mem- brana duplici, albumine carnoso ; embryo centralis, radicula superiore aut vaga.

l. L. minor, Linn. Sp. 1376; Hegelm. l. c. p. 112; frondes ovate v. ovato-subrotunde, le- viter convexe, crassiusculz, sessiles, apice obtusiuscule; ovulum et semen erectum, hemianatropum. —Nomen vernac, Vitiense, * Kala."— Common in stagnant pools of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 657). Also collected in New Zealand, Tasmania, New Holland, and most other parts of the world.

2. L. melanorrhiza, (sp. nov.) F. Muell. et Kurz in Seem. Journ. 1867, p. 115; frondes convexiuscule (texturg L. polyrrhize) oblong: v. subrotund, subtus spongiosz, 1—2-rhizze, radiculis nigrescentibus v. brunneis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kala."—Common in stagnant water of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 656). Also found in Western Australia.

I should add that Dr. Hegelmaier a few years ago communicated the name and description of this spe- _ cies to me, which he also regarded as new; but during my absence from Europe, Mr. Kurz published his paper on Australian Lemnace@ in my ‘ Journal of Botany,’ and thus forestalled Dr. Hegelmaier, —the editor for the time being not being aware that I had previously received Dr. Hegelmaier's name and description.

Orvo XCVI. SCITAMINEJZE.

Besides the genera represented in Viti, there are found in tropical Polynesia Phrynium, with one species, viz. P. dichotomum, Roxb. (Thalia canneformis, Forst. Prodr. n. 3, et ic. [ined.], t. 1), from Malicolo, New Hebrides, and thence extending to the East Indies (Roxburgh !) and the Archipelago (Staunton !

Buchanan !) ; and Hedychium, with one undescribed species, collected (in fruit only) in the moùntains of New Caledonia (Deplanche! n. 120). |

. I. Musa, Tournef. Inst. p. 3; Linn. Gen. n. 1477; Endl. Gen. n. 1648. Perigonium epigynum, 2-labiatum; labium inferius tubulosum, postice usque ad basin fissum, apice 5-lobum, superius concavum, nanum amplectens. Stamina 5, sexto postico abortivo. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare, Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali oo, 2-seriata, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus crassus ; stigma infundibuliformi-clavatum, breviter 6-lobum. . Bacca oblonga, angulata, 3-locularis ; seminibus oo in pulpa nidulantibus, sepius effeetis farcta. Semina depressiuscule subglobosa, testa crustacea, atra, ad umbilicum impressa. Embryo orthotropus, fungiformis, in axi albuminis subfari- nosi, extremitate radiculari umbilicum attingente, centripeta.— Herb:e gigantes ; trunco e petiolorum vaginis longissimis, scapum radicalem solo apice liberum floriferum velantibus conflato ; lamina foliorum amplissima, valide nervosa ; floribus in-axilla spatharum confertis, ebracteatis.

A great many different kinds of Musa were found cultivated in different parts of tropical Polynesia when Europeans first became familiar with them. In Tahiti alone Banks and Solander saw twenty-eight,

which Solander (Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. [ined.] p. 344) enumerates under two different headings, those named collectively “ Fei” by the natives (including five kinds), and those named collectively * Maya " by the natives

FLORA VITIENSIS. 289

(including twenty-three kinds). G. Forster (Plant. Escul. p.31) thinks the name “ Maya” (which he spells “ Meiya ”) may-be identical with the Malayan “ Medji,” by which name M. mensaria, Rumph. (M. sapientum, Linn. ?) is known. “The Fei, or Mountain Plantain, beaten into a pulp and diluted with cocoa-nut milk or water till brought tothe consistency of arrowroot as ordinarily prepared in England, was formerly much used in the Society Islands. Large quantities were usually prepared for every f@stival ; a kind of cistern was made, with a framework of wood and a lining of leaves, which, when filled, was a sufficient load for six men to carry. Seven or eight of these were sometimes filled and carried on men’s shoulders to one feast. The mode of preparing their made-dishes was seldom, according to our ideas, the most cleanly, and we rarely partook of their dressed food, excepting it had been cooked as brought from the garden, or prepared by our own servant,” (Bennett.) :

Bananas and Plantains—understanding by the former those Musas the fruit of which may be eaten raw, by the latter those which have to undergo some process of cooking before eating—are known in Viti by the collective name of “ Vudi.” There are about eighteen different kinds (I prefer using this term, for the boundary between species and variety has never been determined with accuracy in this genus) —all of which bear distinctive names.* With the exception of one, the Soaqa (Musa uranoscopus, Rumph. [Zroglodytarum, Linn.]), none are found wild, and even this wild one is occasionally met with in plantations. It grows spontaneously in the depth of the forests, often in ravines, and is distinguished from all congeners by its bunches, instead of hanging down, being perfectly upright, and presenting a dense collection of orange-coloured fruits. The Polynesians, always ready to account, by some plausible story, for any devia- tion from à normal type, have not failed to exercise their ingenuity here. The Samoans assure us that once upon a time all the Bananas and Plantains had a great fight, in which the Soaga (their Soa’a) came off victorious, and proudly raised its head erect; whilst the vanquished became so humiliated by the defeat sustained, that they were never able to hold up their heads again. An important addition to their stock the Fijians received in the Vudi ni papalagi (i.e. foreign Banana), our Musa Chinensis or Cavendishit, which the late John Williams, better known as the Martyr of Eromanga, brought in a Wardian case from the Duke of Devonshire’s seat at Chatsworth to the Samoan or Navigator Islands, whence again, in 1848, the Rev. George Pritchard carried it to the Tongan or Friendly Islands, as well as to the Fijis. Its introduction has put an effectual stop to those famines which previously to this event were occasionally experienced in some of these islands. Never attaining any greater height than six feet, and being of robust growth, the Cavendish Banana is but little affected by the violent winds which cause such damage amongst plantations of the taller kinds of Musa, and this advantage, coupled with its abundant yield and the fine flavour of its fruit, have induced the natives to propagate it to such an extent that, notwithstanding its comparatively recent introduction, the Vudi ni papalagi numbers amongst the most common Bananas of the country. The fruit of the different Musas is variously prepared by the native cooks. Split in half, and filled with grated cocoa-nut and sugar-cane, Bananas make a favourite pudding (vakalolo), which, on account of its goodness and rich sauce of cocoa-nut milk, has found its way even into the kitchen of the white settlers. Wilkes has already mentioned that the natives, instead of hanging up the fruit until it becomes mellow, bury it (occasionally, i& should be added) in the ground, which causes it to appear black on the outside, and impairs the flavour. The fresh Musa leaves are used as substitutes for plates and dishes in serving food or for making temporary clothing, the dry instead of paper for cigarettes (suluka). In place of the finger-glasses handed round at our tables after dinner, Fijians of rank are supplied with portions of the leafstalk of the Plautain,—not a superfluous luxury in a country where forks are dispensed with except

at cannibal feasts.

l. M. sapientum, Linn. Spec. n. 1477; caudice maculato; spadice pendulo, glabro; spathis fl. g3 ovatis, deciduis; fl. fertil. persistentibus, obtusiusculis, inferioribus interne viridibus; sepalis interioribus inzequalibus; baccis oblongis, utrinque attenuatis, subfaleatis, 3-gonis, 3-locularibus (flavis) ; seminibus globoso-turbinatis, tuberculatis. — Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vudi.” ** Banana" of the colonists.—Cultivated throughout Viti. EC |

. To this species probably belongs Musa mensaria of Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 131, a name which as the oldest would take precedence when this genus comes to be properly worked up.

2. M. Cavendishii, Paxton, Mag. of Bot. vol. iii. p. 81, cum ic. ; caudice humili (4—5 ped.

. * The following are the different kinds known to me:—Vudi ni papalagi (Musa Chinensis, Sweet [Cavendishii, Paxt.]), Soaqa (Musa uranoscopus, Rumph. [ Troglodytarum, Linn.]), Balawa ni Rakiraki, Bati, Dreli, Buli, Droledrole, Gonegone, Leve ni Ika, Mudramudra, Soqo, Tumoutala, Ura, Vudi dina, Vudi ‘Vudi ni Toga, Waiwai Leka, Waiwai Salusalu, Waiwai Vula, and Sei.

290 FLORA VITIENSIS.

alt.) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis; spadice pendulo, hirsuto; spathis ovatis (purpureis), deciduis ; baccis ovato-oblongis, angulatis—M. Chinensis, Sweet. M. regia, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 131. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Vudi ni papalagi" (i.e. foreign Muga).—Much cultivated throughout Viti. >

3. M. paradisiaca, Linn. Spec. n. 1477; caudice extus viridi; spadice glabro, pendulo; fl. 4 persistentibus; spathis acutis (violaceis) ; baccis 3-gonis, faleatis.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vudi." —Much cultivated throughout Viti.

4. M. uranoscopus, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 137. t. 61. f. 2; foliis angustatis ; spadice erecto, apice demum fl. deciduis denudato incurvo; baccis obovoideo-ellipsoideis, parvis (rufis v. aurantiacis). —M. Troglodytarum, Linn. Spec. n. 1478. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Soaqa ;" Samoense, “ Soa’a.” —In woods of Viti Levu and Taviuni; occasionally cultivated (Seemann ! n. 619).

II. Alpinia, Linn. Gen. n. 4, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 1632. Calyx tubulosus, laxus, apice rumpens. Corollz tubus brevis; limbi laciniz exteriores equales, erectiusculz, interiores laterales, denticuliformes v. 0; labellum magnum, explanatum, integrum v. 2-3-lobum. Filamentum lineare, ultra antherze muticæ emarginatz loculos haud productum. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali co, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis, inter antherz loculos transiens ; stigma capitato-3-gonum, Capsula baccata, 3-locularis, indehiscens. Semina oo v. abortu pauca, arillata.— Herb: radicibus crassis, tuberosis, horizontalibus, caulibus pluribus, perennantibus ; foliis bifariis, lanceolatis; vagina fissa, ligulata; inflorescentia caulem terminante, paniculata v. laxe racemosa aut spicata.

1. A. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LXXXVII.) ; foliis breve petiolatis, lanceolatis, acu- minatissimis, marginatis, utrinque glabris, subtus albido-punctatis ; racemis terminalibus subpanicu- latis; pedicellis villoso-pubescentibus ; calycibus truncatis; corolle lobis lateralibus obovatis, dor- sali oblongo obtuso (ceteris longiore), labello obovato obtuso.—Taviuni. (Seemann! n. 621.)

Allied to A. Allughas, Rose. Petiole, beyond the ligule, 3-14 inch long. Blade of leaf 14—16 inches long, 2-24 inches broad. Racemes terminal, about 2 inches long, and shorter than the lowermost leaf-like bract; the rachis bearing short peduncles, each with 2-3 flowers.

EXPLANATION OF Pirate LXXXVII., representing A. Vitiensis, Seem.—Fig. 1, a flower; 2, the same open, with calyx removed; 3, top of ovary; 4, filament; 5, cross-section of ovary.

2. A. Boia, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LXXXVIII.) ; foliis elongato-oblongis acuminatis amplis- simis, glabris; spicis distichis paniculatis; calycibus truncatis; corolle lobis lateralibus oblongis, dorsali obovato, labello integro.—Nomen vernaculum Vitiense, ** Boia."— Viti Levu, on the road from Navua to Namosi, in woods. (Seemann! n. 620.)

A gigantie species recalling to mind the larger Heliconias and Musas, and in native superstition supposed to be the plantain of the Veli (spirits of the woods), which cannot be touched by mortals with impunity. Leaves several feet long, 9-18 inches broad, with purplish petioles. Inflorescence a large panicle composed of distichous spikes, the rachis of which is closely surrounded by truncate bracts. Corolla of a pale rose-colour. Anthers and stigma glabrous. Seed obovate, covered almost entirely with a whitish arillus. :

EXPLANATION OF PravE. LXXXVIII., representing Alpinia Boia, Seem.— Fig, 1, lower portion of a small leaf; 2, upper portion of ditto; 3, portion of inflorescence ; 4, flower-bud ; 5, open flower ; 6, corolla forced open; 7, cross-section of fruit; 8 and 9, seeds; 10, seed without the arillus :— ig. 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 magnified.

III. Amomum, Linn. Gen. n. 2; Endl. Gen. n. 1626. Calyx tubulosus, apice 3-fidus.

FLORA VITIENSIS, 291

Corollz tubus brevis; limbi lacinie exteriores laterales postica angustiores, interiores laterales 0 ; labellum maximum, explanatum. Filamentum complanatum, lateribus apiceque ultra antheram muticam productum, lobulis 2 auctum, lobo terminali 2-fido. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali oo, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis, inter anther loculos receptus; stigma infundibuliforme. ^ Capsula sæpius baccata, 3-locularis, loculicido-3-valvis. Semina oo, arillata.—Herb:ze radicibus articulatis, repentibus; foliis bifariis, membranaceis; vaginis fissis; inflorescentia radicali, spicata, laxe imbricata.

1. A. Cevuga, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. LXXXIX.) ; caule elongato folioso, foliis brevi-petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis (1-11 ped. longis, 2-3 unc. latis) longe acuminatis glabris; scapis radicalibus cc-floris, bracteis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis obtusiusculis (purpureis) ; calyce bracteola calyciformi pilosa inclusa; corolle (pallide rosez) lobis lateralibus oblongis patentibus, dorsali spathulato- obovato ceteris longiore, labello subrotundato margine subundulato; antheris stigmatibusque pilosis. —Nomen vernac, “ Cevuga,"—Namosi, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 624),

The leaves are 12-15 inches long, and 23-3 inches broad, and used by the natives for making into necklaces (taubes) and for scenting the cocoa-nut oil with which they grease their naked bodies. We used them as an ingredient of curry. : 9

; EXPLANATION OF Prare LXXXIX., representing A. Cevuga, Seem.—Fig. 1, scape; 2, flower; 3, the same after removal of calyx and corolla; 4, filament :—all, with exception of Fig. 1, magnified.

IV, Curcuma, Linn. Gen. n. 6; Endl. Gen. n. 1623. Calyx tubuloso-3-dentatus, Corolle tubus sursum dilatatus; limbi laciniz exteriores interioribus lateralibus conformes; labellum majus, patens. Filamentum petaloideo-dilatatum, carinatum, apice 3-lobum, lobo intermedio anthera 2-calcarata terminato. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali cc, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis ; stigma capitatum. Capsula 3-locularis, loculicido-3-valvis. Semina co, arillata.— Herbs acaules, radicibus palmato-tuberosis, perennantes; foliis herbaceis ; petiolis vaginantibus, bifariis; scapo simplici, laterali v. centrali; spica simplici, erecta, comosa, inferne bracteis saccatis subimbricata; floribus flavescentibus, intra quamvis bracteam ternis quinisve approximatis, bracteolatis.

1. C. longa, Linn. Spec. n. 3; Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. viii. p. 355; tuberibus palmatis longis, intus saturate aurantiacis; foliis longe petiolatis, late lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, totis viridibus; spica terminali; bracteis spathulatis.— Roxb. Asiat. Research. vol. xi. p. 340; Bot. Reg. t. 886. Amomum Curcuma, Jacq. Vind. vol. ii. t. 4. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Cago."— Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taviuni, etc. (Seemann! n. 622). Also found in Tahiti, according to Solander, and Easter Island, according to Forster, Common in the East Indies and the Archipelago,

The Cago grows abundantly in all the lower districts. The whites use the rhizome in the preparation of curry, and the natives the powder of it as food, or more commonly to daub over the bodies of women after childbirth and those of dead friends—a custom also prevailing in the Samoan group, according to Mr. Pritchard. In the few districts that have as yet not been brought under the immediate influence of the Foreign Consuls or the missionaries, the heathen widows are painted with it before strangulation. In fact, turmeric powder is with the Fijian what rouge and similar preparations are with us—a cosmetic. Pro- moting, in their opinion, health and beauty, it is put on with no sparing hand by the women, and pointed remarks are made about too great a proximity if a man be unfortunate enough to have some stains of turmeric on his body or scanty dress. The manufacture of turmeric is similar to that of arrowroot, and is generally managed by the women. The receiving pits, dug in the ground, are lined with herbage, so as to retain the juicy parts. The grated rhizome is afterwards placed in the body of a canoe, and rolled up and strained through a fine basket lined with fern leaves. It is then carried away in bamboos, and for several days exposed to the air, when the fluid is gently poured off, and a sediment, the Rerega of Fiji, or turmeric

of commerce, is found at the bottom,

209 . FLORA VITIENSIS.

V. Zingiber, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 33. t. 12; Endl. Gen. n. 1622. Calyx tubulosus, hine fissus. Corolle tubus brevis; limbi laciniz exteriores equales, interiores laterales 0; labellum 3-lobum. Filamentum supra antheram muticam in rostrum simplex incurvatum elongatum. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali co, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis, filamento obvolutus ; stigma infundibuliforme. Capsula subbaccata, 3-locularis, loculicido- 3-valvis. Semina co, arillata, in pulpa nidulantia.— Herb:e radicibus tuberosis articulatis repentibus, .perennantes; caulibus annuis; foliorum membranaceorum distichorum vaginis inclusis; spicis strobiliformibus, radicalibus v. rarius terminalibus, solitariis, e bracteis imbricatis unifloris compositis.

l. Z. Zerumbet, Rosc. in Linn. Soc. Trans. vol. viii. p. 948; spicis radicalibus; bracteis ovatis, obtusis; laciniis coroll: erectis, acutis, nectario 2-lobato.—Amomum Zerumbet, Willd. Spec. vol. i.p. 6. Zingiber spurium, Konig, ex Dryand. in Linn. Soc. Trans. vol. ii. p. 213; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. vol. iii. t. 54. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Beta;" Tahitiense, teste Solander, ** Obui ” v. * Abuhi;" Hawaiense, teste Hillebrand, * Olena.” —Abundant throughout the lower districts of Viti (Seemann! n. 623). Also found in Tahiti (Banks and Solander!) and Sandwich Islands (Macrae ! Hillebrand!). Common in the East Indies.

This species of ginger abounds in the lower districts of the group, where it is called “ Beta." The rhizome, though less pungent than that of the species exported from China, has been found to make tole- rably good preserves, and answers all the other purposes for which genuine ginger (Zingiber officinale, Linn.) is commonly employed. During our journey we often used it with turmeric, a few leaves of another aro- matic Zingiberaceous plant termed * Cevuga" (Amomum Cevuga, Seem.), and a few fruits of the bird's- eye pepper (Capsicum frutescens, Linn.), for making curry, which, all the ingredients being fresh, proved of excellent flavour.

VI. Canna, Linn. Gen. n. 1; Endl. Gen. n. 1646. Calyx 3-phyllus. Corolle limbus exterior 3-fidus, interior 2-labiatus; labio superiore 2—3-partito v. abortu O, inferiore indiviso. Filamentum petaloideum, anthera marginali. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculorum angulo centrali co, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus petaloideus; stigma lineare, margini adnatum. Capsula membra- nacea, papilloso-muricata, 3-locularis, loculicido-8-valvis. Semina oo, subglobosa, testa coriacea, dura. Albumen corneum. Embryo orthotropus, axilis, cylindrieus, albuminis longitudine, extremi- tate radiculari albumen perforante, umbilicum attingente, cotyledonis apice subinflexo.— Herbe perennes; caule simplici; foliis longe petiolatis, late ovatis ; spica terminali laxa; floribus bracteatis.

1. C. Indica, Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. Pers. p. 49; foliis ovatis, utrinque acuminatis, nervosis: coroll limbo interiore 3-fido, laciniis lanceolatis, strictis.— Rosc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. viii. p. 388. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Gasau ni ga” (i.e. Duck's reed); “Indian shot” of the colonists. Common on roadsides, about houses, etec., in the lower parts of Taviuni, Gau, and most other Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 625, Milne!). Also found in the Hawaiian (Barclay! Macrae! Diell !), Samoan (Powell !), and Tongan Islands (Barclay !), in the East Indies and the Archipelago, - and tropical America.

This species, which is indigenous to America, was not found by Banks and Solander or the Forsters in any part of tropical Polynesia; but since their time it has become a common weed in most of the Poly- nesian islands, as it has also in the Indian Archipelago, India, and Southern China.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 293

Orpo XCVII. ORCHIDEZE.

(Auctore H. G. REICHENBACH, rir.)

SugorDo I. MONANDRÆ.—Flores typici monandri. Trisus I. OPHRYDEA, R. Br.—Anthera cum columna connata.

I. Habenaria, Willd. Sp. vol. iv. p. 44. Sepala qualia. Tepala simplicia, subzqualia seu 2-partita. Labellum heteromorphum, varie evolutum. Columna erecta seu decumbens. Antherz loculi antice in canales longiores breviores extensi, glandulas nudas efferentes. Labium stigmaticum nune medio adnatum, nunc liberum, in crura lateralia stigmatica extensum.—Typus Platanthere.

$ 1. Tepala integra.

l. H. tradescantifolia, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; gracilis, caule basi vaginato, superius congesto folioso ; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, caule superne vaginis paucis brevibus vaginatis, apice longius racemoso; bracteis lanceolatis, acuminatis, ovaria rostrata subzquantibus; sepalo dorsali oblongo, l-nervi; sepalis lateralibus subzqualibus deflexis ; tepalis ovato-triangulis, basi lata sessilibus ; labello usque supra basin 3-fido; laciniis lineari-subulatis, media lacinia longiori; calcari filiformi, apice dilatato, acuto, ovarium pedicellatum non seu vix zequante ; antherarum canalibus uncinatis, cruribus breviusculis adnatis. Ovalau and Taviuni.— (Seemann ! n. 608, ex parte.)

Planta gracilis vultu Peristyli gracilis, notis certe Habenarie arenarie, Lindl., proxima, que tamen diphylla. | Sepala et tepala uninervia.

§ 2. Tepala bifida, ‘

2. H. superflua, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; ; caule basi ample vaginato, sursum dense folioso ; foliis lineari-ligulatis, acuminatis aristatisve, superius vaginato, demum racemoso; bracteis ovaria sub-. gequantibus ; sepalis triangulis, aristatis, lateralibus deflexis ; tepalis lineari-subulatis, erectis, antice in lacinulam rectangule porrectam linearem obtusam reram extensis; labelli 3-partiti partitionibus lineari-subulatis, subæqualibus ; canalibus porrectis, brevibus; cruribus ligulatis porrectis.—“‘ Flores virides.” Seemann, mss.—Ovalau and Taviuni (Seemann! n. 608).

3. H. supervacanea, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; caule basi parce ac tenue vaginato, superne folioso ; foliis congestis, cuneato-oblongis, acuminatis, dein parce vaginato, apice racemoso; bracteis amplis, oblongis, acuminatis, 3-nerviis, flores excedentibus; sepalis oblongis, acuminatis, lateralibus deflexis ; tepalis bipartitis ; lacinia postica lineari-acuminata, lacinia antica multo breviori, acuminata, arrecta ; labelli partitionibus linéaribus, acutis, partitione media longiori ; calcari cylindraceo, apice incrassato,

ovarium pedicellatum sequante ; canalibus brevibus, subcurvis ; cruribus stigmaticis porrectis.— Viti, exact locality not specified (Greeffe !).

Similes sunt Habenaria salaccensis, Bl., e H. macrostachya, Lindl. Illa gaudet lacinia antica tepalorum deorsum curvata; hee lacinia seu partitione utraque equilonga. :

Tarsus II. OPERCULATZE, Reichb. f.—Anthera demum a columna libera, secedens saltem.

SuprTRIBUS I. oe (Lindl. Reichb. f—Anthera secedens, basi sua persistens. Pollen sectile seu pulvereum.

II. Vrydagzynea, Bl. Jav. Orch. p. 60. Sepala æqualia, recte in ovario insidentia. Tepala subeequalia, angustiora, Labellum fornicatum, basi columnae adnatum scu liberum, calcaratum filis [PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1868.] 9q

294 FLORA VITIENSIS.

geminis apice patelligeris in calcaribus, Rostellum minute bidentatum, a lamina stigmatica bifida apice tumida liberum.— Habitus Goodyere.

l. V. purpurea, Bl. l.c. et t. 20; labelli ligulati linea media unicristata, filis glanduliferis in calcari cylindraceo didymo rectis.— Heteria purpurea, Miq. Flor. Nederl. Ind. p. 726.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 618). Also collected in Java.

Caulis senior longe radicans, superne foliatus. Vagine ample, breves, membranaces, in petiolum brevem lamin:z lanceolate acute extense, demum rufæ, hine undulate. Racemus densiflorus. Bracteæ herbacew ; lancez uninervie pilose. Ovarium hine minutissime verrucosum (an semper?). Sepala ob- longa, apice attenuata, subretusa. Tepala rhombeo-linearia, retusa, uninervia. Labellum fornicatum, 3- lobum, lobis lateralibus obtusangulis, lobo medio caleeolari oblongo. Calcar cylindraceum, subdidymum, ovarium prope dimidium zquans, filis teretibus adnatis apice liberis patellas carnosas terminales ferenti- bus. “Flores albi. Costa foliorum alba.”

III. Anecochilus, Bl. Bijdr. p. 411. Sepala subæqualia, lateralia oblique descendentia. Tepala angustiora, sub sepalo impari. Labellum basi calcaratum seu saccatum, verrucis geminis intus in calcari, elongatum. Columna brevis, lamellis variis geminis antice sub stigmatibus. Ros- tellum bicuspe.— Habitus Goodyere.

1, A. longiflorus, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; flore elongato, sepalis tepalisque ligulatis, mento gibbo subconico, labello basi column: adnato, calcari conico parvulo, lamina angusta elongata crenulata, apice cordiformi acuta, carinis elevatis ternis per discum, callis ligulatis bidentatis in calcari.— Dos- sinia marmorata, Lindl. Cl. Seemann in sched. Forsan cl. Seemann deceptus fuit infausta quadam Lindleyana confusione (in scriptis Societatis Linneane ac in ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ deposita) Macodis Petole cum Anecochilo setaceo et “Dossinie” cum Anecochilo Roxburghii (cf. etiam herbarium Hookerianum, ubi beatus optimus Black errorem correxit, postquam legit que habui

in Otto, Hambg. Gartz., 1859, vol. xv. p. 67) .—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 601 ; Greffe !).

, Planta spithamea, habitu (floribus exceptis) Physuri vaginati, Hook. Vagins foliorum ample. La- min: bene angusteque petiolate, cuneato- rotundatove oblonge, acutz, nervis ternis inferne valide prosi- lientibus. Racemus brevis, vagina una alterave. Bractez ligulatze, acuminate, nervo uno valido, limbo cilia- tule, hine illinc extus parcissime pilosule. Ovaria calva visa. Perigonium videtur ealvum. Sepala lineari-ligulata, acuta, lateralia basi libera angulata. Tepala lineari-faleata, nune apice paulo dilatata.

Souma brevis, genetica, sed in ròstellum valde longum lineare bicuspidatum extensa. “ Flores sordide albi.’ :

V. Rhamphidia, Lindl. Contrib. Orch. Ind. in Proc. Linn. Soc., 1857, p. 182. Perigonium posticum. Sepala subzequalia, lateralia (superiora) gibbosa. Tepala angustiora. Labellum saccato- naviculare, cum columna plus minus connatum. Columne rostellum forcipatum ; crura stigmatica omnino lateralia. Lacinize membranacew sub rostello. (Hc juxta analyses scrupulosas Rham-

phidie rubentis, Lindl., et rubicunde. Num reliquee omnes species hujus sint generis, nescimus.)— Habitus Goodyere.

ie R. rubicunda, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; labello naviculari acutiusculo, apice utrinque lobulo acutangulo inflexo, callis linearibus retusis 4-seriatis in fundo — Goodyera rubicunda, Lindl. Bot.

Reg., 1830; Misc. p. 92.— Viti Levu (Greffe!). Also in Upolu, Samoan Islands (Greeffe!), and in the Philippine Islands.

Caulis spithameus usque pedalis. Vaginse ample cucullate, superiores laminigers. Lamine petio- latie, lanceolate seu oblong, acuminate, sicez rufm. Caulis superne laxe hispidulus, vaginis acuminatis quibusdam distantibus. Racemus pluriflorus, haud nimis densiflorus. Bractez lineari- setacex, uninerviz, ciliate, puberulz, flores subzquantes. Ovaria fusiformia, tomentosa. Sepalum impar triangulum; sepala lateralia ovata, acuta. Tepala linearia. Planta sicca tota rufida.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 295

Ill. b. Lindley in Contrib. l.c. hee habet: “This is certainly a plant of the same genus as Goodyera procera, and no Aetheria, as Professor Reichenbach supposes.” Equidem, in Seemannia Bonplandia, vol. iii. p. 214, plantam pro Aetheria proposueram. Jam mihi vix placet, nune de difficiilimis Goodyeraceis sententias proferre, eum plures adhue mihi sint melius investigande, ae misera specimina concedunt. EIL Lindley, ubi protulit, que indicavi, labellum solum inspexit. Goodyera procera tamen, ut omnes Goodyere, stigma habet confluens. Rhamphidia rubicunda, uti Rhamphidia rubens, crura duo stigmatica inter se re- mota tenet.

V. Tropidia, Lindl Bot. Reg. f. 1618. Sepala oblonga, lanceolata, lateralia ima basi in mentum obliquum extensa. Tepala sepalo supremo zqualia. Labellum naviculare, apice dilatatum, intus 3-carinatum. Columna breviuscula, apice subequalis, rostello bifido, a sepalo dorsali libera. Anthera oblonga. Pollinia 4, pulverea (?), in caudicula lineari, Glandula subquadrata.— Habitus Elleanthi (Evelyne).

1. T. effusa, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; panicule rhachi fractiflexa; bracteis bipectinatis, ovatis, acutis, 7-nerviis, ovaria pedicellata florida subzquantibus; sepalis tepalisque lanceis, acuminatis! mento obtusangulo, parvo; labello naviculari 3-nervio apice lanceo-reflexo; columna brevi.—Somo- somo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 612) ; Viti Levu (Greffe !).

Descripsi specimen Herbarii Kewensis, quod satis bene convenit cum speciminibus duobus Greeffeanis. Specimen quod ego teneo Seemannianum racemum simplicem habet, sed videtur esse ejusdem plantæ.— * Flores flavi." Caulis pedalis, foliis cuneato-oblongis acuminatis.

VI. Corymbis, Thouars, Orch. t. 37, 38. Sepala oblonga, lateralia nunc connata. Tepala subequalia. Labellum naviculare, apice dilatatum, intus bicarinatum. Columna clavata, apice dila- tata, rostello bifido, sepalo summo adnato, post anthesin elongata. Anthera ovata. Pollinia 4, pulverea (?) in caudicula lineari. Glandula quadrata.—Habitus precedentis, inflorescentia ramosa.

l. C. veratrifolia, Reichb. fil. in Flora, 1865, p. 183.— Hysteria veratrifolia, Reinw. in Flora, 1825, vol. ii. p. 5. Rhyncanthera paniculata, Bl. (Tab. LXXVIII.) (ovario false triloculari). Ma- crosiylis disticha, Kuhl et v. Hasselt, Orch. Corymbis disticha, Lindl. Folia Orchid. vol. i. e. p.— Viti Levu and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 603; Barclay!). Also in the Malay Archipelago, and in India.

Planta arundinacea. Folia disticha, cuneato-oblonga, acuminata, multinervia, plicata. Panicule axil- lares. Bracteæ distichæ, triangule, acute.

Sustrisus Il. EUOPERCULATJE, Reichb. f.—Anthera incumbens, mobilis, tota demum decidua. Pollen ceraceum seu pulposum seu pulvereum.

a. ARETHUSEX, (Lindl.) Reichb. f.— Pollen pulposum seu pulvereum.

VII. Epiphanes, Bl. Bijdr. p. 421. Perigonium externum connatum, sepala lateralia altius, profundius fissa, sepalum dorsale cum tepalis alte connatum. Labellum explanatum, columnz pedi producto articulate impositum. Columna arcuata basi in pedem producta. Anthera terminalis, 4-locellaris. Pollinia farinaceo-pulposa semilunata. Fovea immediate sub androclinio.—Tuber crassum, horizontale. Caules crassuli, vaginati, apice racemosi.— V ultus Orobanchoidei.

1. E. micradenia, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; labello flabellato apice minutissime tuberculato.— Island of Ovalau, in woods, very rare (Seemann! n. 610).

Tuber crassum, subfusiforme. Caulis supra tuber radicibus filiformibus. Pedunculus teres, quatuor quinque usque pollices longus, vaginis ochreatis acutis brevissimis. Racemus auciflorus. Bractee tri- angule, ovariis pedicellatis multo breviores. Tubus perigonialis sat longus. Sepalum dorsale et tepala labium trifidum, sepala inferiora labium bilobum sistentia. Columns compages mihi haud adeo lucida.

202

296 FLORA. VITIENSIS.

Videtur corpus clavatum apice utrinque unidentatum, apterum, fovea certe sub androclinio. “ Flores - brunneo-purpurei."— Zpiphanes pallens (Didymopleay pallens, Griff. — Apetalon minutum, Wight! ete.) longe recedit labelli eristis. .

VIII. Pogonia, Juss. Gen. p. 65. Sepala et tepala subæqualia, libera, recte inserta. Label- lum liberum, expausum ; disco lamellato, cristato, puberulo. Columna clavata, apicibus lobulata, an- droclinio immerso. Anthera subcarnosa, 4-locellaris, Pollinia quaterna, pulposa, minuta, lobulata. Rostellum vix productum. Fovea oblonga seu cordiformis. .

1. P. sp.—In dark woods, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 604).

Hue referenda sunt folia cordata rotunda acuta multinervia, nervulis trabeculatis plurimis, superne multum, infra vix hispido. Novem nervi inferne carinati. Valde accedit ad Pogoniam plicatam, Lindl., nisi ipsa. Floribus deficientibus nihil certi proferri potest.

b. Vanvew, Lindl.— Pollen ceraceum cum glanduja viscida, vulgo mediante caudicula.

The following genus of this group is represented in tropical Polynesia, though not yet found in Viti, viz. :—

AGROSTOPHYLLUM, Bl. t. 53; Bijdr. p. 368. Sepala ligulata, subsequalia, lateralia in mentum plus minus extensum descendentia. Labellum plus minus saccatum, nune medio constrictum. Columna clavata. Anthera in androclinio inornato immersa, octolocellaris. Pollinia octona, clavata, basi attenuata in glan- dula communi. Fovea sub androclinio.— Plante distichifolie seu subbulbose. Genus haud bene adhuc notum. peciem Greeffeanam subdubius huc. refero; pollet perigonio externo medium usque connato, mento subevanido. > ; :

A. megalurum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; distichifolium, caule ancipiti (?), vaginis ancipitibus margine libero membranaceo adnatis, juxta laminæ insertionem utrinque auriculatis, laminis a cuneata basi utrinque Piles. ye lineari-ligulatis, apice tricuspidatis, inflorescentia spiciformi elongata, foliis floralibus in fibras solutis (hine nomen), bracteis ovatis subacutis ovaria subequantibus, sepalis semiconnatis, trinerviis, tepalis ligulatis obtuse aeutis, labello pandurato ligulato levi, non corollino, columna clavata, androclinii loculo postieo unidentato, rostello erecto semilunato exeiso obscure angulis externis ac medio unidentato, hine tridentato.— Inflorescentia mihi haud liquet. Spitham:ea est et omnino in quovis articulo fibras plurimas profert—fasciculos vasorum ex foliis floralibus solutis. Adstant flores bini seu terni, bracteati. Anthere locelios haud bene intellexi.—U polu, Samoan Islands (E. Greffe!).

Et inseratur hic species Indica. - ;

A. callosum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; distichifolium, caule ancipiti (?), vaginis ancipitibus margine libero membranaceo adnatis, infra lamine insertionem sequalibus nec auriculatis lamina a basi subzequali lineari- ligulatis apice attenuatis, apice quasi obtusatis, revera tridentatis, dentibus lateralibus obtusatis, dente medio mueronato, inflorescentia capitata, foliis floralibus servatis, semiovato-triangulis, braeteis oblongis obtuse acutis ovaria semiszquantibus, mento obtusangulo, sepalis oblongis obtuse acutis, liberis), tepalis subzqualibus, labello oblongo ventricoso limbis involutis, eallo depresso tricarinato in basi linea transversa abrupto, antice in carinam brevem medianam excurrente; columna utrinque basi angulata, androclinio postice dentieulato.—O. 201, Sikkim (Hooker!).—In herbario Lindleyano exstat analysis delineata, que longe recedit ab illa quam ego confeci. Nescio, quomodo res sit explicanda.

IX. Teniophyllum, Bl. Bijdr. p. 355. Sepala et tepala subsqualia, recte inserta. Label- lum naviculare (calcaratum seu ecalearatum). Columna brevissima, androclinio maximo immerso. Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia quaterna, iu caudicula filiformi. Glandula minuta.— Herb: aphylle, radicibus pro planta maximis Angreca aphylla queedam simulantes.

l. T. Seemanni, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; pedunculo paucifloro, ovariis appresse nigro-hispidis ; sepalis oblongis extus linea media carinatis levibus glabrisque; tepalis ligulatis obtusis curvatis, labello brevissime unguiculato, basi sagittato saccato navieulari omnino ecalcarato.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * De ni caucau."—Moturiki and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 593; Storck! n. 907).

Radices adventitia depresssm, flexuose, elongate. Flores parvuli, viriduli, molles, haud facile exami- nandi.— Teniophyllum fasciola, Reichb. (Epidendrum fasciola, Forster!) gaudet labello bene calearato.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 297

X. Thrixspermum, Lour. Fl. Coch. (ed. Berol) p. 635. Sepala zqualia. Tepala subzequalia. Labellum in pede columns affixum, expansum seu connivens, in calcar extensum seu tantum foveatum, antice apice incrassatum seu convolutum, Pollinia rotunda, mollia, in caudicula uniglandulosa.— Distichifolium. :

x

$ 1. Pedunculus bracteis ancipitibus bipectinatus.

T. Greffei, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; labello rhombeo, obtusangulo (convoluto ?), apice inflexo (arrecto °), tumido, lobuloso, calloso. Folia disticha, in caule caulescenti lineari ligulata, apice bidentata, valde coriacea, tres quatuor usque poll. longa, ultra dimidium poll. lata. Vaginæ nervose. Radices adventitiz tenues, flexuose. Pedunculi elongati, arrecti, medio hinc vagina parva vaginati, apice bipectinati; bracteis triangulo navieularibus. Ovaria pedicellata bracteas excedentia. Sepala oblonga, obtuse acuta. Tepala oss subacuta. Flores parvuli, illis Thrixspermi adversi vix multo majores.—Upolu, Samoan Islands (Greeffe !).

§ 2. Pedunculus teres, bracteis planis.

1. T. Godeffroyanum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. Xenia, vol. ii. p. 122 (Tab. XC.) ; caule subnullo ; foliis cuneato-oblongis, acute minute ac inzqualiter 2-lobis; pedunculis elongatis, apice racemosis ; labelli laciniis lateralibus oblique quadratis ; lacinia media semiovata, pilosula, sacco obtuso.— Vanua Levu (Harvey! Seemann! n. 600, Greeffe !).

Planta statura multum ludens; specimina Seemanniana macra, Greffeana multo majora. Radices adventitiz late, vittzeformes, quasi lomentaces, quod sspe constrictæ, calvæ, truncis valde adpresse, sicce flavie, rugose. Folia nunc terna in uno caule sicca bene pergameneo-carnosa, nune bene inzqualiter biloba. Pedunculi sæpe in eodem caule plures, usque ad octo, graciles, vaginis quaternis, retusis, abbreviatis, superne racemosis. Bracteæ triangul:e, parvæ, in rachi nune flexuosa, nune recta, sepius secundiflora. Sepala et tepala oblonga, obtusa. _Pes columns longe porrectus. Columna gracilis, lamina transversa sub fovea. Anthera vertice conica, utrinque filo pendulo apice clavato. “ Flowers bright yellow." Seemanh, mss.— Planta insigni mercatori Hamburgensi, Cesari Godeffroy, navium exercitu maria remotissima aranti, inscripta. Obs. Fructus in uno specimine Greffeano fusiformes, utrinque porrecti, quasi bipéctinati; an ita semper ? :

EXPLANATION OF PrATE XC., representing Thrixspermum Godeffroyanum, Reichb. f.—Fig. 1, flower- bud; 2, open flower; 3, lip and column; 4, column; 5 and 6, pollinia :—a// magnified, but figures 3 and 4 are incorrectly rendered. ;

XI. Saccolabium, Bl. Bijdr. p. 292; Lindl. Orch. p. 220. Sepala et tepala subæqualia, in

ovario recta. Labellum expansum, exarticulatum, calcaratum, calcari vacuo. Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia gemina, spherica, postice fissa. Caudicula linearis, Glandula 1, rotundula.—Plantz

distichifolise.

1. S. Bertholdi, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; caulescens; foliis ligulatis, apice obliquis, inzequalibus ; pedunculo folia subzequante, racemoso, multifloro, deusifloro; sepalis oblongis, lateralibus oblique curvatis; tepalis flabellato-retusis; labelli laciniis lateralibus brevibus, subquadratis, antice argutis ; carina utrinque intus cum margine. parallela, lacinia media oblonga, apiculata, incrassata; calcari cylindraceo, subclavato, ovarium pedicellatum subzequante; androclinio excavato, postice 1-dentato ; rostello porrecto, argute 2-dentato; anthera alta, galeata; caudicula lineari, apice rhombea ; appen- diculis parvis, geminis, inter pollinia sphzrica.—Namara, Viti Levu (Berthold Seemann! n. 595,

Greeffe !).

Caulis calamo corvino crassior. Vaginz sicce rugosm. Folia spithamea, sesquipolliearia quoad latitudinem, certe pulehre coriacea, sicca bene nervosa, Pedunculus arrectus, basi brevi vaginatus, superne dense racemosus. Florum fabrica valde accedit ad illam florum Saccolabii gracilis, Lindl., quod caule, foliis,

inflorescentia longe recedit.

XII. Sarcanthus, Lindl, Coll. Bot. t. 39. Sepala et tepala prope equalia. Labellum trifidum

298 FLORA VITIENSIS.

seu trilobum, calcaratum, calcari septato. Columna erecta, semiteres. Anthera 2-locularis. Pol- linia 2, subsph:erica, postice fissa, glandula caudiculaque una.— Folia disticha plana v. teretia.

l. S. Nagarensis, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; panicula ampliuscula; ramis abbreviatis; bracteis ovatis, acutiusculis, concavis, ovaria pedicellata subsequantibus; sepalis oblongis; tepalis sub- eequalibus, retusiusculis; labello trifido ; laciniis lateralibus quadrato-bidentatis, intus carina trans- versa, lacinia media triangula, callo 5-suleato, oblongo, in fundo sub columna; callis geminis in basi lacini, mediæ; calcari conico-cylindraceo, didymo-sulcato, sepala externa semizquante ; septo obliquo, diviso ; columna crassa, brevi; androclinio marginato, antice emarginato.— Island of Nagara on old trees (Seemann! n. 594).

“Caulescent, climbing on old trees, and throwing out long aerial roots. Leaves fleshy (thev were unfortunately lost). Outer sepals green, spotted with pale brown dots. Lip and column white." Seemann, mss.—Folium ex memoria el. Seemann euneato-obovatum, apice inzquale delineavit. Panicule vultus tibi exacte partem inflorescentie Galeole in mentem revocat. Rhachis crassa. Vagine ramorum

valde ample, semiovate, acute. Rami multiflori, tri- usque quadripollieares. Flores valde crassi, illis Saccolabu densiflori sequales.

Obs. Exstant etiam specimina Buke Levu, Kadavu, Seemann! n. 581, que forsan sunt Sareanth? seu Saccolabii, que tamen a Dendrobiis, ad quorum exercitum adscripte a cl. Seemann, abhorrent. Vultus est Epidendri globosi, Sw. Caules tenues, fractiflexi. Vagine valde arpophyllacez. Folia subtereti-faleata, usque ultra duos poll. longa. Inflorescentie minute (vix dimidium poll. longe), multiflore. Flores desunt.

XIII. Calanthe, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. p. 578. Sepala et tepala subzequalia, libera. Labellum cum columna plus minus connatum, expansum, indivisum seu trifidum, calearatum v. ecalearatum. Pol- linia octona, clavata, quaternatim glandule affixa.— Herbs terrestres; rhizomate brevi; foliis amplis, plicatis ; inflorescentia racemosa.

The following species occurs in the Society Islands:—4C. gracillima, Lindl. Folia Calanthe, n. 26; racemo gracillimo puberulo; bracteis triangulo-acuminatis; ovariis pedicellatis, longe brevioribus ; sepalo summo oblongo, acuto; sepalis lateralibus cuneato-ovatis, apiculatis ; tepalis oblongis, acutis ; labello trifido ; laciniis lateralibus lineari-ligulatis, retusis, antrorsis; isthmo elongato; cruribus anticis divaricatis, extus retusis; callo baseos depresso, semilunato; carunculis acutis, pluribus antepositis; carinula antejecta.— C. veratrifolia, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 71.

1. C. ventilabrum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; racemo densifloro; bracteis deciduis; ovariis pedicel- latis, calvis; sepalis oblongis, acuminatis; tepalis oblongis, obtusis; labelli trifidi laciniis posticis semiovatis rotundisve, abbreviatis ; lacinia antica rhombea, obtusangula, emarginata, nune eum apiculo interjecto ; carinulis valde brevibus, quinis radiantibus in basi; calcari inflato, obtuso, ovarii pedicel- lati dimidium non zquante.—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n. 606).

Folia sesquipedalia, parte petiolari bene lata; lamina usque pedis tertiam lata, oblonga, acuminata;

nervis validis quinis, tenuibus innumeris. Pedunculus spithameus, basi vagina ampla cucullata acuminata amictus. “ Flores flavi, modo Gossypii Nankinensis.” Affinis Calanthe speciose, Lindl.

2. C. hololeuca, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; racemo . . . ; bracteis . . . ; ovariis pedicellatis, calvis; sepalis tepalisque oblongis, apiculatis; labello bene adnato, oblongo, trifido ; laciniis basi- laribus sémiovatis, antrorsum angulatis; lacinia media oblonga, paulo undulata, obtuse apiculata; carina transversa in ima basi ; caleari cylindraceo, clavato, ascendenti, incurvo, ovarium pedicellatum non zequante.—Namosi, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 607).—** Flowers, pedicels, and bracts white.”

Folium sesquipedale, a basi longe petiolari cuneato ligulato acuminatum, nervis validis quinis tenuibus plurimis. De inflorescentia nihil dicam, eum non nisi unicum florem acceperim.—* Flowers, pedicels, and bracts white." Seemann, mss.

XIV. Appendicula, Bl. Bijdr. p. 297. Sepala subzequalia, lateralia tamen in perulam calcar mentientem extensa. Tepala sepalo summo subzequalia. Labellum unguiculatum. Columna nana; rostello vulgo erecto, bifido. Anthera octolocellaris. Pollinia octona, quaterna in caudicula cereacea, glandula (semper?) communi.—Herbe distichifolize.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 299

Obs. Juvat hie addere speciem sequenti simillimam, in herbariis vulgarem, ob misera specimina adhue indescriptam. Jamjam tria habeo bona specimina, unde licet descriptionem sufficientem conferre.

A. xytriophora, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; elatior; vaginis nervoso-striatis; foliis oblongis, apice trifidis, papyraceis, apicem versus serrulatis ; laciniis apicis omnibus liberis; bracteis oblongis, apiculatis, floribus brevioribus; labello oblongo, apiculato, linea carinata marginante, postice confluente supra totum discum, ante apicem abrupta; columna bicorni.—. . . . Philippines? (Cuming! n. 2149.) Nune ramosa, forsan apiee easu quodam deciso. Folia sequentis, duplo minora. Racemi terminales, nunc alii axillares in foliis summis, multiflori. Braetee demum deflexe. Ovarium brevi-pedicellatum. Mentum perulaceum, ob- tusum. Sepalum dorsale et sepala lateralia oblonga, obtusa, trinervia, hec tamen in saccum perulaceum extensa. ‘Tepala angustiora, breviora, obtusiora, vulgo uninervia. Columna postice in processum ligu- latum, antice in processum linearem seu triangulum apice bicuspidatum extensa.

1, A. bracteosa, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; elatior; vaginis nervoso-striatis; foliis oblongis, ob- tusis, papyraceis (siccis quidem), apicem versus crenulatis, apice trifidis; lacinia media breviori, mucronata; laciniis lateralibus triangulis, incumbentibus; racemis elongatis; bracteis oblongis, acutis, flores nunc æquantibus ; labello pandurato, acuto, basi subsagittato ; columna 5-corni.— Namosi, Viti Levu, on trees (Seemann! n. 592). Also collected in Upolu, Samoan Islands, 2000 feet above the sea (Greffe !).

Rhizoma brachypus, polyrrhizum. Radices villose. Caules congesti, usque sesquipedales, pleisto- phylli. Folia sicca bene viridula, poll. duos prope longa, dimidium poll. lata. Nunc ex axillis foliorum vetustorum ramuli prosiliunt. Racemi erecti seu porrecti. Flores illis Appendicule albe, Bl. similes. Ovaria pedicellata, perigonio tenui longiora. Mentum modicum, obtusum, haud perulaceum. Sepala ligulata, quinquenervia. Tepala multo latiora, quinquenervia, crenulata. Labellum omnino leve! Andro- clinium tridentatum. Dentes rostelli preterea duo, alte fissi, antrorsum ascendentes. Hine columnam quinquecornem dixi. Capsule fusiformes, intus pulchre pellite. (Moneo hoc a b. optimo Swartzio nec ab hodiernis detectum fuisse! Qui Latinc expers est linguæ, id apud Swartzium querat.)

c. Evipenorex, Lindl.— Pollen ceraceum, cum caudiculis ceraceis.

XV. Phajus, Lour. Coch. vol. ii. p. 329. Sepala zqualia, recte in ovario inserta. Tepala subeequalia. Labellum ima basi saccatum seu calcaratum, expansum, circa columnam volutum. Columna clavata. Anthera 8-loccllaris. Pollinia mollia, duo corpora 4-gemina materiei polli- nice adherentia. (Raro pollinia non 4-gemina sed 3-gemina, serie una monstrose connata.)— Herb: pseudobulbee seu caulescentes, foliis arundinaceis, racemis vulgo speciosis, bracteis membra- naceis, sepalis tepalisque deciduis, indigoferis.

The following is an additional Polynesian species:—

P. Graffei, (sp. nov.), Reichb. f.; folio longi-petiolato, acuto ; pedunculi parce vaginati bracteis ob- longis deciduis de racemo distantifloro; sepalis oblongo-ligulatis, obtusis; tepalis subzequalibus, latis, ob- tusis; labello flabellato, lato, antice trilobo; lobis lateralibus obtusangulis, integerrimis; lobo antico paulo producto, lobulato; toto disco papillis furfuraceo; calcari brevissimo, angulum abruptum minutum effi- ciente; columna clavata, apice triloba, elongata, antice furfuracea; pedicellis fructuum elongatis.—2000' supra mare, Upolu, Samoan Islands (Griffe !). |

1, P. Blumei, Lindl. Orch. p. 127; foliis longi-petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis ; pedunculi vagi- nati bracteis oblongis, deciduis; sepalis tepalisque lanceis, acutis; labello circa columnam voluto, 3-lobo; lobis lateralibus obtusangulis, lobo medio semiovali acuto ; carinis duabus angulatis in disco parce velutino; columna crassa, antice puberula.—De Vriese, Illustrat. t. 8. et t. 11. f. 8; Blume, Fl. Jav. (Choix), tab. introductoria (1!) et 5 D.—Between the Namosi and Navua rivers, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 586! Greffe !). ^

Planta Javanica dicitur culta et est vulgo triandra. Nostra, quam spontaneam natam credo, mo- nandra, quantum judicare audeo ex floribus duobus mancis Seemannianis et specimine Greffeano.— * Petals outside white, inside brownish-purple ; lip outside dirty white,inside yellowish shaded with purple.” (Seemann.)

300 FLORA VITIENSIS.

XVI. Spathoglottis, Bl. t. 76; Bijdr. p. 400. Sepala subsequalia, lateralia column pedem ac labelli basin descendentia, "Tepala sepalo impari subzqualia. Labellum de columnz basi præ- cincta subarticulatum (3-partitum). Columna arcuata (basi angulata). Anthera 8-locellaris. Pol- linia 4-gemina.— Herbs pseudobulbosee. Folia arundinacea, Racemi speciosi. Bracteæ scarioss, persistentes, Flores non indigoferi, perigonio persistenti.

S. plicata, Bl. 1, e.; labelli partitionibus posticis ligulato-retusis, divaricatis, erectis; partitione media basi minute hastiformi, pilosa, in unguem contracta, apice dilatata, biloba ; carinis geminis disco basilari ; callis conieis extus excavatis, basi subeonnatis, apice barbatis geminis in ima basi partitionis medic inter angulos expansionis bastatz, tumore in parte anterioris unguis.—Bletia angustifolia, Gaud. Voy. autour du Monde des Corvettes l’ Uranie et la Physicienne, t. 32, p. 421, omnino hue videtur pertinere. Spathoglottis plicata, Griff. Post. Pap. Jahr. vol, iii. ecexi. ii. p. 8, S. lilacina, Griff. l. c. vol. iii. Flores seu. pur- pureo-lilacini seu albi. Comparandi gratia additur. Specimina mea: Malacca (Griffith! Cuming!) ; Singapore (Jagor!) ; Pulo Pinang, Ile de Honton Cawang (Delessert !) ; Ile de Waigioo, Terre des Papous (Lesson!) ; Java (Blume! Zollinger! Junghuhn!). i $

1, S. pacifica, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; labelli partitionibus posticis ligulatis, incurvis, antrorsis, partitione media anguste lanceolata (utrinque semiovata), antice reniformi, emarginata; carina de- pressa, abrupta a basi laciniæ pulchre pilosa, antice 2-dentata, nuda in basi portionis reniformis venas punctulato-incrassatas proferentis.—Limodorum unguiculatum, Seem, in Syn. Vit. p. 12.— Amongst ferns and herbage, Vanua Levu (Seemann! (flowers pink) n. 585), Moturiki (flowers white) (See- mann !), Lakeba (Harvey !). Also collected in Uvea (Græffe !).

Planta speciosa ; foliis subangustioribus ; sepalis magis ovatis, extus cum ovario pedicellato tomento- sis. Flores lilacini seu albi.

Obs. Haud felix fuit cl. Seemann, ubi hanc dixit Limodorum unguiculatum, Labill. Hee gaudet buccis in columnæ basi quadrata magnis (in hac subevanidis triangulis); labelli partitionibus posticis spathulatis, obtusis; labelli ungue æquali utrinque tomentoso:—tandem, quod maximi, labello pulchro conico calcari donáto. Est Spathoglottis unguiculata, Reichb. fil. `

XVII. Eria, Lindl. Bot. Reg. p, 904. Sepala inæqualia, lateralia triangula seu perulam efficientia, mentum descendentia. Tepala angustiora. . Labellum expansum in menti apice. Columna libera, brevis. Androclinium immersum. Pollinia octona, corpora quadrigemina ope telæ polliniferæ cereæ variæ efformantia.—Habitus Dendrobiorum. :

§ 1. Concuipium, Lindl. (Griff.), Contrib. Ind, Orch. vol. ii. p. 46.—Spicate, parviflore, ebulbes.— Phreatia, Lindl.

Inserantur hic ;—

E. Richardiana; foliis pergameneis, lato-ligulatis, apice inæquali-bilobis; racemis folia excedentibus ; rhachi anantha parce vaginata ; floribus densis, subsecundis ; bracteis triangulis, pedicellos vix superantibus ; mento obtusangulo; sepalis triangulis, obtusis; tepalis lato-ligulatis, obtusis; labello rhombeo, obtuso, trinervi ; androclinio tridentato; ovariis maturioribus fusiformibus.— Oberonia micrantha, A. Rich. Sert, Astrol. tab. 3, p. 7.—Nov. Irlandia.

2. E. gladiata, Reichb. f. ; foliis lato-ligulatis, pergameneo-coriaceis, apice inzequali-bilobis ; racemis folia superantibus seu zequantibus ; rhachi anantha, parce vaginata ; racemo densifloro ; bracteis triangulo-setaceis, flores equantibus ; mento obtusangulo, perulaceo, producto ; sepalis extenso-triangulis ; tepalis angustioribus, acutis; labello trulliformi; basi trinervi; androclinii rostello longe producto, bifido.— Oberonia gladiata A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. tab. 2, p. 6.— Folia vernixia, pedalia, duos poll. bene lata. í

3. E. myosurus, Reichb. f. apud Seemann, Viti; foliis coriaceis, linearibus, apice ingquali-bilobis ; racemis folia non equantibus; rhachi tenui, anantha, parce vaginata ; racemo rarifloro; bracteis triangulo- setaceis, ovaria pedicellata equantibus; sepalis triangulis, mento subevanido; tepalis ligulatis; labello rhombeo, nervis subevanidis ; rostello obtuse bilobo.—H:ee verissima est planta Forsteriana, Epidendrum myosurus, Forst.! Prodr. n. 317. Oberonia myosurus, Lindl. Orch. p. 16; Lindl. Folia Orchid. Obero- nia, n, 51,— Planta tenella, Folia usque quinque poll. longa, duas tresve lineas lata. Hane si speciem.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 301

inspexisset ill. b. Lindley, vidisset quanti rostellum bifidum sit habendum, quod preterea et in Eriis, sensu Lindleyano legitimis occurrit.—Society Islands (Forster !), Navigator Islands (“from Mons. C. F. Tonnerre,

Hance !). Oba Eria (Phreatia) myosurus, Reichb. f. in Bonplandia, 1857, dicenda Eria stachyurus. Thelasis carinata, Bl. Choix (Fl. Jav.) = Eria carinata. Phreatia elegans, Lindl. = Erta elegans. Phreatia minutiflora, Lindl. = Eria minutiflora. Phreatia Microtidis, Lindl. = Eria Microtidis. Phreatia Tahitensis, Lindl. = Eria Tahitensis.

1. E. stenostachya, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; foliis cuneato-ligulatis, pergameneis, apice inzequali- bilobis; pedunculis folia excedentibus seu aquantibus, apice per sesquipollicem racemosis ; bracteis linearibus, angustis, 1-nerviis, pedicellos sequantibus ; sepalis triangulis, acutis; mento modico ; tepalis minoribus; labello unguiculato, cordato, oblongo, acuto ; androclinio 5-dentato.— Buke Levu, Island of Kadavu (Seemann, n. 589).

2. E. sphzrocarpa, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; foliis pergameneis, lato-ligulatis, apice inzquali- bilobis; racemis folia subzequantibus ; rhachi anantha parce vaginata ; floribus densissimis ; bracteis a lanceolata basi setaceis, flores haud zequantibus; mento subevanido obtusangulo ; sepalis triangulis obtusis; tepalis lato-ligulatis, obtusis; labello rhombeo, obtuso, trinervi; androclinio 5-lobo, lobo postico 3-dentato ; ovariis maturioribus sphzricis.—Folia ultra pedalia, sesquipollicaris latitudinis. Planta egregia et videtur species optima.— Viti, locality not specified (Greeffe !).

$2. DenproLIRIUM (BL), Lindl. Contrib. to Ind. Orchid. p. 48 ; Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Aug. 1858.— Caules valde abbreviati ; flores majuscult, dense lanati.

3. E. aeridostachya, Reichb. f. apu1 ill. Lindl. loco jam citato, p. 48; caule brevi, mono-

phyllo seu diphyllo; folio oblongo-ligulato, acuto; racemo peduneulato, longe cylindraceo, plurimi-

floro, densifloro; rhachidibus ac sepalis extus papillis plurimis ferrugineis, sepalo dorsali oblongo; sepalis

lateralibus :equalibus in perulam elongatam apice tumidam extensis; tepalis a basi latiori curvato- -

ligulatis, oblique acutis; labello ligulato, apice obtuse acuto, basi corniculis geminis erectis.— Viti (Seemann! n. 609). Also collected in Java.

Peduneulus oritur ex propria vagina juxta pseudobulbum phyllophorum, porrectus, incurvus. Vagine siccæ cinnamomes ; folium valde coriaceum, basi petiolato-angustata, latitudine multum varia. Rhachis peduneuli parce fasciculis papillarum tecta. Videntur papille anthesi progrediente increscere. Specimen Seemannianum multo magis ferrugineum, quam illud Zollingeri. ;

§ 3. Urnostacnya, Lindl. 1. c. 46, mire definita: “and finally Urostachya, which includes the species that will go into none of the preceding sections ;" caulescentes, racemis paniculisve, lana in labelli axeos nulla.

4. E. rostriflora, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f; caule valido elongato apice, bene foliato; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis, apice obtusatis cum apiculo; racemis multifloris; bracteis semilanceolatis, de- flexis; ovariis pedicellatis, subpollicaribus; mento obtusangulo, minuto; sepalis triangularibus elongatis; tepalis subszequalibus, labello a basi cuneata ovato, medio apicem usque triangulo (si mavis oblongo-triangulo, basi utrinque obtusangulo) ; linea incrassata utrinque cum margine parallela.— Namosi, Island of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 615).

* Flores viriduli." Caulis spithameus, basi tumidus, vaginis cinnamomeis nervosis indutus. Folia sicca duriuscula, nervis inferne bene prominulis. Specimen meum cum esset ac sit satis mancum, analysin in Museo Kewensi confeci.

d. MaraxipEz, Lindl.—Pollen ceraceum, sine caudiculis. XVIII. Liparis, Rich. Orch. Eur. f. 10. Sepala æqualia, recte inserta. Tepala angustiora.

Labellum expansum, nunc columne basi adnatum, nune liberum (vulgo basi bituberculatum). Columna [PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1868.] 2 R

7

LJ

* 9809 FLORA VITIENSIS.

gracilis, arcuata. Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia quaterna, collateralia, libera. Vultus Ma/azidii foliis mollibus membranaceis seu coriaceis.

1. L. longipes, Lindl.; Wall. Plant. As. Rar. vol. i. p. 31. t. 85; psevdobulbis teretiusculis, elongatis, diphyllis; foliis cuneato-ligulatis, acutis; racemo elongato; bracteis triangulo-setaceis, ovaria pedicellata subeequantibus ; sepalis ligulato-triangulis; tepalis lineari-filiformibus ; labello oblongo, acuto, ecalloso; columna 3-dentata.

Hue videtur pertinere planta, Viti (Seemann! n. 614). Flores tamen misere putridi. Species genuina provenit in India orientali.

XIX. Malaxis, Sw. Act. Holm. 1800, p. 233. t. 3 P. Sepala :equalia, recte inserta. Tepala subzequalia. Labellum subzquale seu expansum,*superum, raro inferum. Columna nana.

Anthera bilocularis. Pollinia quaterna, per paria incumbentia.—Vitienses distichifoliz, ensifoliz, inflorescentia terminali.

$ Osrronta.— Folia ensiformia, equitantia.

1. M. glandulosa, Reichb. f. ; Walp. Ann. vol. vi. p. 215; caule distiche folioso ; foliis latius triangulis, acutis; racemo elongato, subverticillato; rachi hispidula; bracteis membranaceis lanceo- subulatis, ciliatulis ; ovariis pedicellatis, hispidulis, przecipue supra costas; sepalis triangulis, margine et dorso hispidulis; labello basi columnam amplexo, naviculari, apice inflexo, hinc dentato. Epiden- drum equitans, Forst. |! Prodr. n. 316. Oberonia glandulosa, Lindl. Fol. Oberonia, p. 37. Possideo typum Forsterianum ex herbario Moldenhaueri.—-U polu, Samoan Islands (Greffe !).

Credo hue referre nos debere specimina Navua et Namara, Viti Levu, Seemann! n. 588, Harvey! licet statura elatiore, foliis crassioribus aberrantia. Malaxis equitans, Blume, recedit labello spathulato, bifido.

Obs. Altera Malaxis $ Oberonia est n. 587, Namara, Viti Levu (Seemann). Videtur esse Malavis

Tahitensis, Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vol. vi. p. 208; Oberonia, Lindl. Folia Orchid. Oberonia, p. 4; Oberonia iridifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4517.

XX. Microstylis, Nutt. Am. vol. ii. p. 196. Sepala qualia, recte inserta. Tepala vulgo angustata. Labellum sepalis conforme seu difforme. Columna brevis, biauris. Anthera subdor- salis, bilocularis. Pollinia quaterna, parallela.— Habitus Liparidis.

l. M. purpurea, Lindl. Gen. et Sp. p. 20; caule folioso; foliis congestis, petiolatis, oblongis, acutis; racemo mediocri; sepalis ovatis, acutis; tepalis linearibus, acutis; labello hastato, ovato,

triangulo.—Mihi omnino hue pertinere videntur specimina Viti, 618, Dr. Seemann, licet bene deflorata.

2. M. platychila (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; caule basi bulboso ; bulbo tereti, conico ; foliis petiolatis, oblongis, acutis; inflorescentia longissima, racemosa ; bracteis pedicellos subzequantibus, linearibus, acutis, deflexis; ovariis 6-gonis; sepalis oblongis, plurinerviis, basi connatis; tepalis cuneato- ovatis, obtusis, l-nerviis; labello trausverso, utrinque obtuso; lobo antico minute prosiliente ; carinis 4, in disco elevatis; columna minuta, bicorni.—** The whole plant has a purplish hue." (See- mann.)—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni and Kadavu (Seemann! n. 590).

XXI. Bulbophyllum, Thouars, Af. t. 93-110. Sepala subzqualia seu omnino inequalia, lateralia in mentum descendentia. Tepala minora. Labellum elastice articulatum. Columna vulgo bicornis. Pollinia quaterna, ineequalia, per paria oblique collateralia.— Pseudobulbosze, foliis ligulatis, racemis infra bulbos egredientibus.

1. B. longiflorum, Thouars, Af. t. 98; pseudobulbis 4-gonis ; folio petiolato, oblongo, obtuso ; inflorescentia umbellata ; sepalo dorsali triangulo setaceo, sepalis lateralibus longe extensis, oblongo-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 303

linearibus, acutis ; tepalis oblongis, acuminato-setaceis, ciliatis; labello carnoso, compresso, ligulato ; columnae cornubus lateralibus ascendentibus, serratis.— Epidendrum umbellatum, Forst.! Prodr. n. et Icon. (ined.) tab. 243. Cirrhopetalum Thouarsii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. p. 832, in text. et vol. xxiv. p. 11; Bot. Mag. t. 4237. Zygoglossum umbellatum, Reinw. Bot. Zeit. 1825, vol. ii. p. 4. Flores brunnei ac ochroleuci.— Viti (Seemann! n. 598). Also collected in Mauritius, Madagascar, Moluccas, and Tahiti.

XXII. Dendrobium, Sw. Nov. Act. Ups. vol. vi. p. 82. t. 5. f. 5. Sepala inzqualia, lateralia in mentum angulatum extensa. Tepala sepalo impari plus minus squalia. Labellum cum pede columne articulatum seu basi adnatum. Columus pars libera brevis, apice circa androclinium dentata vel lobata. Anthera mitrata. Pollinia quaterna, contigua.— Habitus Epidendrorum seu Pleurothallidum.

§ 1. Srnoxevrz, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. vol. i. p. 134.— Folia teretia.

1. D. crispatum, Sw. Act. Holm. 1800, p. 247; caulibus pendulis, patenti-ramosis, oo-arti- culatis, apice 1-phyllis ; foliis teretibus, acuminatis ; racemis lateralibus ; sepalis triangulis, lateralibus in mentum angulatum extensis; tepalis subzequalibus, angustioribus; labello a basi cuneato, ligulato, medio trilobo ; lobis lateralibus angustis, angulatis; lobo medio porrecto, crenulato, crispulo ; carinis geminis, a basi in medium ibi uti basi confluentibus; column:e androclinio 3-fido.— Epidendrum crispatum, Forst. Prodr. p. 315.—Viti Islands (Seemann! n. 579).

Cl. Lindley pro D. teretifolio habuit D. striolatum, Reichb. f. (D. Milligani, F. Müll.) et Dendrobium

teretifolium ; R. Br. verum appellavit D. calamiforme, G. Lodd.—* Quatuor usque quinque pedes longum, pendulum." “Sepals pale yellow, at the base shaded with purple."

$ 2. PLANIFOLIA, Reichb. f.; Walp. Ann. vol. vi. p. 283. A. SricnopruvrnuM.—-Caulis gracilis, plurifolius. a. Evpenprosium.—Racemi 1-2-flori, laterales.

2. D. biflorum, Sw. Act. Holm. 1800, p. 246; caule teretiusculo, subsimplici, arundinaceo, polyphyllo; vaginis rugulosis; laminis a latiori basi ligulato-attenuatis, apice inzequali-bilobis ; racemis abbreviatis, lateralibus ima basi vaginatis, bifloris; sepalis tepalisque lanceo-setaceis; mento subnullo; labello cuneato, dilatato, antice 3-dentato; dentibus lateralibus triangulis, brevioribus, integerrimis, dente medio producto, triangulo, bipectinato ciliato, fimbriato.— Epidendrum biflorum, Forst. Prodr. n. 318.—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 582).

Flores, quos obtinui a cl. Seemann, miserrimi analysi non subjecti. Labellum descripsi juxta iconem Lindleyanam. Specimina herbarii Holmiani videntur potius Dendrobii acuminatissimi, Lindl. (Grastidii acuminatissimi, Bl. !), et foliis longe acuminatis, multo angustioribus, primo intuitu facillime distinguuntur. Legis etiam in dorso charte alterius, “ specimen in Java lectum Upsala misit Dr. et Prof. Thunberg, 1822."

Obs. 1. Dendrobium persimile, floribus, eheu! carens.—Somosomo, Island of Taviuni (Seemann! n.583!).

Obs.9. Dendrobium affine D. calcarato, Lindl.—Voma Peak, 4000 ped., Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 580).— Habitu Zpidendri Vincentini. Caules superne fastigiato-ramosi. Vagins juniores puleherrime verrucose. Folia cuneato-linearia, oblique biloba. Ovaria nitide castanea. Columna brevis, crassa. Sepala, tepala, label- lum, ne quis roget! Desiderantur. Planta tenuis, elegans, usque spithamæa, foliis fere pollicem longis.

b. Sracnyositum.—Racemi multiflori. -

3. D. Mohlianum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; in v. Mohl et v. Schldt. Bot. Zeitg. 1862, p. 1214; Bonplandia, vol. x. 1862, p. 334. t. 16 (Tab. XCL); caule gracili; vaginis nigropunctatis; foliis oblongo-ligulatis, apiculatis; racemis congestis; sepalo dorsali triangulo; tepalis oblongis, obtuse acutis; sepalis lateralibus in calcar amplum triangulo-extinctoriiforme extensis; labello longe cum columns pede connato, ligulato, apice libero dilatato saccato ; sacci limbo inflexo, minute denticulato ; colummze androclinio 3-corni, cornubus lateralibus retusis.—Species pulchra, floribus cinnabarinis,

222

LÀ

304 FLORA VITIENSIS.

illustri Hugoni de Mohl dicata.—Buke Levu, Island of Kadavu, et Voma Peak, 4000 ped. Island of Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 578). ExpLawation OF Prate XCI., representing Dendrobium Mohlianum, Reichb. f.—Fig. 1, lateral view

of a flower; 2, lip seen from above; 3, lateral view of a flower from which the sepals and tepals have been removed; 4, upper portion of the column :—all magnified. Analyses made by Dr. Reichb. fil.

4. D. Tokai, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. in Otto, Hamb. Gartenz. 1865, p. 293 (Tab. XCII.) ; caule teretiusculo, nitido; vaginis nervoso-striatis; foliis cito deciduis, oblongo-ligulatis, apice angulato- bilobis; racemis axillaribus subterminalibusque, longe exsertis, laxis, co-floris; bracteis triangulis, minutis, ovariis pedicellatis multo minoribus; floribus elongatis; mentis obtusangulis, parvulis; sepalis ligulatis, acutis; tepalis subzequalibus; labello medio 3-fido ; laciniis lateralibus subquadratis triangulisve, obtusangulis, lacinia antica longe producta, obovata, obtuse seu acute apiculata ; carinis geminis (nune ternis), a basi in discum humilibus; columns brevis lobis apicilaribus lateralibus retusis, lobo postico subulato ; anthera puberula.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Williams, “ Tokai.” —On rocks, Ovalau (Seemann! n. 584, Greeffe !).

Flores speciosi, illis Lycastidis aromatice æquales, numerosi, “ straminei, labello sordide albo, venis

urpureis.” : E EE or Prare XCII., representing Dendrobium Tokai, Reichb. f.—Fig. 1, column and lip; 2, lip; 3, column; 4, pollinia :—all magnified.

5. D, catillare, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f.; caule strenuo, ima basi bulboso, ceterum æquali, lucido, superne striato, cc-articulato ; foliis tenue pergameneis, lineari-ligulatis, apice inæquali acute bilobis ; racemis paucifloris, brevibus; bracteis ovatis, nervosis, sat magnis; ovariis pedicellatis, incurvis, superne hexapteris; sepalis ligulatis, acutis, lateralibus in perulam ovario æqualem retusam supra basin antice fissam extensis; tepalis sepalo summo æqualibus; labello lineari antice dilatato, rhombeo; callis geminis, retrorsis, semiovatis, contiguis basin versus; columnæ androclinii lobis lateralibus crenulatis, lobo postico acuminato, infima columnæ basi triangulo foveata.—Buke Levu, Island of Kadavu, 4000 feet (Seemann ! n. 591).—* Flowers white." (Seemann, mss.)

B. Borsonivw, Lindl. 1. c.— Caulis brevis, pseudobulbosus, apice foliatus. -

6. D. prasinum, Lindl. in litt. ad ill. A. Gray, Aug. 1, 1851, et Contrib. Ind. Bot. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Aug. 1858, Dendrobium, n. 101; pseudobulbis conicis pauciarticulatis; foliis solitariis, cuneato-ligulatis, obtuse acutis; floribus terminalibus; sepalis ligulatis, acutis; mento conico, cylindraceo, retrorso; tepalis cuneato-ovatis, acutis; labello naviculari, a basi minute hastata rhombeo, acuminato; columna brevi, crassa; postico dente incurvo; auriculis lateralibus denticulatis (?).—Viti Islands, 2000 feet above the sea (Agati! Seemann! n. 596).— (Licet Orchi- dearum monographus ne vestigium hujus plantze a cl. collectore accepi.)

Hee juxta iconem a dom. Agati confectam a me Londini iteratam. Flos prasinus. ria sp. aff. E. braccate, Lindl.; Seem. Syn. Pl. Vitiens. p. 13, fide Seem.

XXIII. Chrysoglossum, Bl. Bijdr. p. 337. t. 7. Sepala inzequalia ; sepalum dorsale tepalis sub- æquale; sepala lateralia in angulum conicum seu in calcar spurium extensa. Labellum ostio antico sepalorum lateralium confluentium adnatum, plus minus unguiculatum, lamelligerum. Columns androclinium marginatum ac latere aggulatum seu lobatum. Anthera2-locularis. Pollinia gemina, globosa, depressa.— Habitus Calanthis.

1. C. vesicatum, (sp. nov.) Reichb. f. ; calcari spurio cylindraceo, apice inflato, obtuso.—Island of Taviuni, on trees (Seemann ! n. 611).

Planta tenuis, habitu NepAelaphylli. Rhizoma repens. Radices adventitiw tenues, pilosule. Pseudo- bulbi teretes (?), vix poll, alti. Folium solitarium, cuneato-oblongum, acutum, tenue, papyraceum, nervis

=

FLORA VITIENSIS. 305

ternis validis, plurimisque tenuioribus, usque sex poll. longum, duos latum. Pedunculus terminalis, tenuis, vagina una acuminata mediana, apice distanter racemoso biflorus, floribus illos JVephelaphylli pulchri eequantibus. Bractex triangule, setacew, acuminate. Ovaria longius pedicellata, pedicellis bracteas sub- squantibus. Sepalum impar triangulo acuminatum, trinerve; tepala oblonga, acuminata, sublongiora, trinervia; sepala lateralia sepalo dorsali ceteroquin subzequalia, sed in calcar cylindraceum apice obtusato inflatum extensa. Labellum unguiculatum ; lamina trifida ; lacini: laterales trianguli, extus nune sinuate, semper divaricate; lacinia media ab isthmo brevissimo transverse obtusangulo quadrata emarginata ; carinule geminæ utrinque in basi laciniarum lateralium ; carine tenues, longiores, apice eonfluentes in disco laeiniz antice. Columna clavata. Androclinii limbus trilobus; lobi laterales trianguli; lobus medius por- rectus, latus, tridentatus ; denticuli utrinque juxta foveam ; fovea cordiformis, cruribus geminis stigmaticis valde evolutis. Anthera depresso-ovata, utrinque apiculo inflexo, ac appendice lobulata mediana. Pollinia depressa, spherica, lobulo adventitio parvo. In calcaris eylindri parietem superiorem carina de column: basi descendit. “Flores viriduli, labello albo-flavo," Seem. mss.—Adest specimen majus, quod habet peduneulum longiorem defloratum pluriflorum, folio in bulbo stipante nullo. Sed cum sit valde adultum, fasciculi vasorum nudi basin pedunculi circumstantes videntur folium dejeetum. Hie pedunculus trivagina- tus octoflorus fuisse videtur. ,

> Orpo XCVIII. AMARYLLIDEJE.

I. Crinum, Linn. Gen. n. 405, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 1276. Perigonium corollinum superum; tubo elongato, gracili; fauce haud ampliata ; limbi 6-partiti laciniis subæqualibus, erectis, patentibus v. reflexis. Stamina 6, summo tubo inserta; filamenta filiformia, patentia v. declinata ; antheræ lineares, versatiles. Ovarium inferum, 3-loculare. Ovula oo, in loculorum angulo centrali 2-seriata, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis, inclinatus; stigma obtusum v. obsolete 3-lobum. Capsula membranacea, depresso-sphærica, 3- v. abortu 1-2-locularis, irregulariter rumpens. Semina pauca v. solitaria, angulato-subglobosa, sæpe in bulbillos carnosos mutata.— Herbæ, bulbo radicali, columnari v. sphierico ; foliis multifariis ; scapo solido; umbella multiflora; spatha bivalvi; pedicellis bracteis ramentaceis interstinctis.

1. C. Asiaticum, Linn. Sp. p. 419; Kunth, Enum. vol v. p. 547 (excl. quib. syn); bulbo magno, longe columnari, in collum producto ; foliis lanceolatis (3—4-pedalib.), basi convoluto-fascicu- latis; scapo laterali; spatha sphacelata; phyllis badiis laceris apice rotundatis, ramentis linearibus immixtis; umbella 10-12- v. co-flora; floribus candidis, subodoratis (vix semipedal.); tubo limbum subsequante ; laciniis exterioribus apice incurvo-mucronatis.— Bot. Mag. t. 1073. C. Asiaticum, var. toxicarium, Bot. Mag. t. 2121; Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. t. 69. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Viavia.”— On the sea-eoast of the large Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 640). Common in the East Indies and the Archipelago. Perhaps also in the Tongan Islands, but Forster has left no materials to show what his doubtful C. Asiaticum is.

Orpo XCIX. DIOSCOREJZE.

I. Dioscorea, Plum. Gen. t. 26; Linn. Gen. n. 1122; Endl. Gen. n. 1201. Flores dioici. Perigonium herbaceum, tubo triptero cum ovario connato, limbo supero 6-partito, persistente. Stamina 6, basi perigonii inserta; filamenta subulata ; antheræ subglobosæ. Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula in loculis 2, superposita, anatropa. Styli 3, distincti; stigmata obsoleta. Capsula membra- nacea, 3-locularis, 3-angularis, compressa, angulis salientibus loculicido-dehiscens. Semina in loculis 2, compressa, membranaceo-alata. Embryo minimus, in albuminis cartilaginei cavitate majore prope umbilicum situs.—Herbæ perennes’ v. suffrutices volubiles; rhizomate tuberoso ; foliis petio- latis, alternis v. oppositis, plerumque cordatis v. hastatis, nervosis, venosis, seepius integerrimis, interdum palmatifidis; floribus axillaribus, spicatis v. racemosis.—Helmia, Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 414.

306 FLORA VITIENSIS.

The staple food is the same all over Polynesia, being derived, with the total exclusion of all grain and pulse, from the Yam, the Taro, the Banana, the Plaintain, the Breadfruit, and the Cocoa-nut; but the bulk of it is furnished, in the different islands, by only one of these plants. In the Hawaiian group the Taro takes the lead, whilst the Cocoa-nut is looked upon as a delicacy, of which the women were formerly altogether deprived. In some of the smaller coral islands the inhabitants live almost entirely upon Cocoa- nuts. The Samoans place the Breadfruit at the head of the list. Again, the Fijians think more of the Yam than of the others, though all the other plants just mentioned grow in their islands in the greatest perfection and in an endless number of: varieties. A striking proof of how much the Yam engages their attention is furnished by the fact of its cultivation and ripening season being made the foundation of their calendar; and that only such of the eleven months, into which their year is divided, bear no names indicative of it, in which the crop requires no particular attention, or has been safely housed. A version of this calendar has been published by Wilkes in ‘ The Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedi- tion,’ and is placed in juxtaposition with one dictated to me by an intelligent Bauan chief, and the con- sular interpreter, Mr. Charles Wise. The names given by me, as well as their succession, do not quite agree with those given by Wilkes. This discrepancy is partly explained by Wilkes having taken down his list from the lips of Europeans imperfectly versed in Fijian, and by his adopting a loose way of spelling. The names of the months may also be different in different parts of the group. The subject, however, re- quires Still further investigation. If, as has been averred, the Fijians invariably commenced the months with the appearance of the new moon, there would soon have been a vast difference between the lunar and the solar year. To guard against the irregularity that would thus have been introduced into the seasons, and to make the lunar year correspond with the solar, it would have been necessary either to intercalate a moon after every thirty-sixth moon, or to allow a greater period of time for one of the eleven months into which the Fijian year is divided. The latter seems to have been effected by the Vula i werewere (clearing month). Hazelwood (‘Fijian and English Dictionary,’ Viwa, 1850, p. 180) allows four months, May, June, July, and August, for it; but this cannot be correct, as it would i range the others. By re- stricting it to two or thereabouts, June and July, a proper arrangement is effected. I place the Vula i werewere first in my list instead of the month answering to January, because it is the commencement of the agricultural operations and natural phenomena upon which the calendar is based.

Fijian Calendar, — ACCORDING TO SEEMANN. ACCORDING TO WILKES.

1. Vula i werewere = June, July, clearing month; 1. Vulai were were, weeding month, when the land is cleared of trees and weeds. . 2. Vula i cukicuki = August; when the yam-fields 2. Vulai lou lou, digging ground and planting. are dug and planted. 3. Vula i vavakadi = September; putting reeds to 8. Vulai Kawawaka. Yams to enable them to climb up. 4. Vula i Balolo lailai = October; when the Balolo 4. Bololo vava Konde. (Palolo viridis, J. E. Gray), a remarkable An- nelidan first makes its appearance in small numbers. 5. Vulai Balolo levu = November; when the Balolo 5. Bololo lieb (Palolo viridis, J. E. Gray), is seen in great numbers; the 25th of November generally is the day when most of these animals are caught. 6. Vula i nuga lailai = December; a fish called .6. Numa lieb, or Nuga lailai. * nuqa " comes in in isólated numbers. : 7. Vula + nuga levu = January; when the nuqa 7. Vulai songa sou tombe sou, or Nuga levu; reed " fish arrives in great numbers. blossoms. : 8. Vula ni sevu = February ; when offerings of the 8. Vulai songa sou seselieb, build Yam-houses. first-dug Yams (ai sevu) are made to the priests. vi 9. Vula i Kelikeli = March; digging up Yams and 9. Vulai Matua, or Endoye doye; Yams ripe. storing them in sheds. (N.B.—Vulai Endoye doye probably is meant

for Vula i doi; the Doi is a tree [Alphitonia à : : zizyphoides, A. Gray ].—B. Seemann.) 10. Fula i gasau = April; reeds (gasau) begin to | 10. Pulai mbota mbota. sprout out afresh.

11. Vula i doi = May; the Doi (Alphitonia zizy- 11. Vulai kelekele, or Vulai mayo mayo; digging phoides, A. Gray), a tree plentiful in Fiji Yams, PUE . flowers. a

r

FLORA VITIENSIS. 307

The Yam principally cultivated is the Dioscorea alata, Linn., which has a four-sided climbing stem with- out prickles. The natives distinguish a number of varieties, all of which are known by the collective name of “Uvi.’ Some have large, some small roots, of either a white or more or less purplish tinge ; and upon these differences, as well as their shape and time of maturity, the distinctions are founded. These varieties are called Dannini, Keu, Kasokaso, or Kasoni, Voli, Sedre, Lokaloka, Moala, Uvi ni Gau, Lava, Namula, Rausi, Balebale, ete. At Navua, in Viti Levu, Chief Kuruduadua showed us a lot of Yams six feet long and nine inches in diameter, perfectly mealy, and every part good eating; and specimens, eight feet long, and weighing one hundred pounds, are by no means rare in the group. Skilful growers maintain that in order to produce large and abundant roots the settings ought to be put into hard and unprepared soil. Aceord- ing to their notion the Yam ought to meet with resistance, or, as they sometimes express themselves, it must get angry ere it will put forth its whole strength. I even heard of a bet won by a woman who pursued this simple plan, and who fully made good her word, that she would produce a root large enough to feed twenty people; whilst the man who bet with her could only raise one that would not have fed one-third of that number, though he took great pains to pulverize and prepare the soil tor the reception of the setting. The general signal for planting is the flowering of the Drala (Erythrina Indica, Linn.). As soon as its blossoms begin to appear, which happens about July and the beginning of August, all hands busy themselves about it. The land having already been cleared during the previous months, hillocks, about two feet high and four or five feet apart, are thrown up; these hillocks are known by the name of * Buke," whence the highest mountain in Kadavu, for the first time ascended on the 6th of September, 1860, by Mr. Pritchard and myself, and resembling them in shape, takes its name of Buke Levu, or large Yam-hillock. There are no spades or any other iron implement for digging; all is done with staves made of mangrove-wood, and the bare hands. Pieces of old Yams are set on the top of these hillocks, and within a short space of time they begin to sprout out. In less than a month they require reeds for climbing, after which little else is needed than keeping the ground free from weeds. About February the first Yams begin to ripen, and in the heathen districts offerings of them are made to the priests. In March and April the principal crop comes in, and is stored in sheds thatched with Cocoa-nut leaves. As.the season advances the contents of these sheds require at least a monthly overhauling; the roots exhibiting any kind of decay bave to be removed to prevent their contaminating the healthy ones. Yams are eaten baked, boiled, or steamed, and the natives ean consume great quantities of them. Whole cargoes have occasionally been taken with profit to New South Wales and New Zealand, and whaling and trading vessels never touch at Viti without laying in a

ood supply. ;

e There is another species, the Kawai (D. aculeata, Linn.), also planted on artificial hillocks, though not so high as those for the Yam. The stem of this creeper is round and full of prickles, but it is not accom- modated with reeds as that of the last-mentioned species. It ripens about June; on the 27th of that month all the leaves were dead. According to the natives it never flowers or fruits, and I looked in vain over many a field in hopes of being able to disprove the statement. It is propagated by planting the small tubers or roots, which, like the old ones, are oblong, of a brownish colour outside, and a pure white within. When cooked, the skin peels off like the bark of the Birch-tree, as Wilkes expresses it. The root is very farinaceous, and when well cooked looks like a fine mealy potato, though of superior whiteness. The taste recalls to mind that of the Aracacha of South America; there is a slight degree of sweetness about it which is very agreeable to the palate. Altogether the Kawai may be pronounced one of the finest esculent roots in the world, and 1 strongly recommend its cultivation in those parts of the tropics still without it.

Several species of wild Yam, such as the Tikau, Tivoli, and Kaile, trail in graceful festoons over shrubs and trees of nearly every wood. The Tivoli (D. nummularia, Lam.) has a prickly stem like that of the cultivated Kawai, and climbs very high; its roots are long, cylindrical, and as thick as a man’s arm. When engaged in the forest the natives will often dig up these roots with a stick, roast, and eat them on the spot, when they taste extremely well. The Kaile (D. sativa, Linn.) somewhat resembles the Tivoli in look, and is often found entwined with it, but its stems and branches are round and unarmed, and its roots, being acrid, require to be soaked in water previous to boiling. The dish prepared from them kas the appearanee of mashed potatoes, and is made so thin that it can only be eaten with spoons, which are’ either furnished by the leathery leaves of the Spoon-tree or Tatakia (Acacia laurifolia, Willd.), or any other substantial leaf that happens to be at hand. :

The Kaile tokatolu (D. pentaphylla, Linn.) is sometimes cultivated, aecording to Mr. Storck, and the tuber is good eating. I have not been able to get specimens of the wild Yam which the natives term “Tikau,” but it is stated in the ‘ Fijian Dictionary’ (p. 323 and 324) to be different from the Tivoli, and the name to be used in some dialects of the group instead of the generic name of *Uvi." Can it be the same as D. pentaphylla ? or is it an additional species P The following is a key to the Vitian species :—

2 Caule inermi— Aud. .d gn ee c M eb

Tan, Se ..— 44 4 2 0M. hs.

308 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Caule aculeato—

Folis oppositis: ts e oe Wo wine ov Di nummularia: Foliis alternis— ; ara oon o aa Digitatia. «2.5054 ea a ro DA aa

1, D. alata, Linn. Spec. n. 1462; Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 387; caule alato ; foliis oppositis, ovato-oblongis, cuspidatis, cordato-sagittatis (lobis baseos obtusiusculis), glabris, 5—7-nerviis, nervis extimis 2-partitis; spicis d verticillato-spicatis.—Wight, Icon. t. 810.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Uvi.’—Cultivated throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 627). Also in the Society (Forster! Banks and Solander!) and Tongan Islands (Capt. Cook), in India and the Indian Archipelago.

2. D. sativa, Linn. Spec. n. 1463 ; Hort. Cliff. t. 28; non Kunth, Enum.; glabra, bulbifera, ramis teretiusculis; foliis sparsis, cordato-subrotundato-ovatis, acuminato-cuspidatis, 9-nerviis, nervo utroque extimo 2-fido, membranaceis, epunctatis; spicis 4 axillaribus, simplicibus v. compositis ; floribus solitariis, perigonii 6-partiti segmentis lanceolatis, acutiusculis; staminibus 6, basi segmen- torum insertis, minutis, erectis ; antheris oblongis, basi affixis; spicis 9 subternis, folium superan- tibus; capsulis oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, pergameneis glabris.— Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 368. D. bulbifera, Forst. Prodr. n. 376; Wight, Icon. t. 878; non Linn. D. latifolia, Benth. in Niger Flora, p. 535. Helmia bulbifera, Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 435.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kaile ;" Tahitiense, teste Solander, * Hoei;" Hawaiiense, teste Barclay, “ Hoy."—Common in woods of most Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 626). Also collected in the Hawaiian (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander!), Tongan (Capt. Cook!), and Marquesas Islands (Barclay !). Widely dis- tributed over tropical Australia, Asia, and Africa. i .

Bentham (Fl. Hongk. l. c.) has already pointed out that the correct name of this plant is D. sativa, Linn., not Kunth, but in that place he has omitted to add as a synonym his own D. latifolia, which in no respect differs from it. The Hawaiian and Tahitian names of the plant are identical with the Sundaie “ Hoet opas." There seem to be two varieties of this plant, which Mr. Storck indicates in one of his communica- tions to me—Kaile dranu and Kaile gaga.

3. D. nummularia, Lam. Encycl. vol. iii. p. 231; Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 386; caule basi aculeato ; foliis oppositis ovatis v. ovalibus, scarioso-mucronatis, basi subcordatis aut passim rotun- datis, 5-nerviis, infra glaucescentibus; spicis axillaribus aggregatis, terminalibus verticillato-panicu- latis; alis eapsularum hemisphericis—Rumph. Amb. vol. v. t. 162. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Tivoli.” —Viti Levu, growing wild in woods (Seemann! n. 628). Also found in India and the Archipelago.

4. D. aculeata, Liun. Spec. n. 1462 ; Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 398 ; caule aculeato, tereti; foliis alternis, cordatis, acuminatis, 7-9-nerviis, venis transversis subsimplicibus; spicis d paniculatis.— Ubium aculeatum, Desf. Rumph. Amb. vol. v. t. 126; Rheede, Mal. vol. vii. p. 71. t. 37.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Kawai."—Cultivated in most Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 629). Also in the Indian Archipelago.

5. D. pentaphylla, Linn. Spec. n. 1462; Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 396; ramis aculeatis, angu- - latis, puberulis; foliis sparsis, digitato-3-5-sectis, pilosiusculis, segmentis lanceolatis, acuminato- cuspidatis; racemis ¢ axillaribus solitariis v. geminis, simpliciter v. triplicato-compositis; perigonii bibracteolati laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acutiusculis, subzequalibus, subconico-conniventibus ; stami- nodiis squam:eformibus, subspathulatis.—D. digitata, Müll. Dict. n. 6 (fide Willd.).—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Kaile tokatolu.”—Island of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 630). Sometimes cultivated, according to Storck. Also collected in the Hawaiian (H. Mann) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander ! Forster!). Common in the Indian Archipelago.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 309

Orpo C. SMILACEZE.

The genus Rhipogonum may perhaps occur in Norfolk Island, a sterile specimen being referred to it by Endlicher under the provisional name of R. dubium.

I. Smilax, Tournef. Inst. t. 481; Linn. Gen. n. 1120; Endl. Gen. n. 1184. Perigonium eorollinum, 6-phyllum, patens, deciduum, foliolis exterioribus latioribus, sstivatione imbricatis. Stamina 6, perigonii foliolis basi inserta; filamenta filiformia v. 0, libera; anthers lineares, basifixze. Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula in loculis 1, apici anguli affixa, orthotropa. Stylus brevissimus; stig- mata 3, crassiuscula, patentia. Bacca 1-3-locularis, 1-3-sperma. Semina globosa, testa membra- nacea, albida, eum nucleo conferruminata, umbilico basilari magno colorato. Embryo antitropus, minimus, in extremitate albuminis cornei umbilico opposita inclusus, extremitate radiculari cen- trifuga.—Suffrutices sempervirentes, scandentes; radicibus tuberosis v. fibrosis; caule szpissime aculeato; foliis alternis petiolatis, cordatis v. hastatis, nervosis, reticulato-venosis; stipulis intra- petiolaribus, cirrhiferis, seepius acutis; floribus supra receptaculum globosum v. cylindricum sessili- bus, subcapitatis v. pedicellatis, umbellatis, pedicellis haud articulatis, umbellulis pedunculatis, ax- illaribus, racemosis corymbosisve, rarius solitariis v. geminatis.

Besides the species enumerated below, we have in tropical Polynesia 1, S. purpurata, Forst. Prodr. n. 373, Labill. Austr. Caled. t. 22, from New Caledonia (Forster! Anderson! Vieillard! n. 1379 et 1383, Deplanche !) and Isle of Pines (Sir E. Home! Milne! Maegillivray !) ; 2, S. orbiculata, Labill. Austr. Caled. t. 23, from New Caledonia; and 3, S. Hawaiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; inermis, glabra, caule teretiusculo, foliis cordato-ovatis acuminatis 5-nerviis, umbellis fl. ¢ axillaribus 2, pedunculis primariis bracteatis, secundariis ebracteatis, petalis spathulato-linearibus, antheris linearibus, fl. 9 fructi- busque ignotis.— Hawaiian Islands (Menzies! in Herb. Mus. Brit.). The inflorescence of the male flowers is exactly that of S. Zeylanica, as figured by Wight (Icon. t. 2057) ; there is a common forked peduncle, each branch bearing an umbel; the petiole is as long as the common peduncle.

1. S. (9) trifurcata, (sp. nov.) Seem. ; inermis, glabra; caule teretiusculo ; foliis ovatis, acumi- natis, J-nerviis; pedunculis axillaribus solitariis compressis, apice 3-furcatis; receptaculis cylindricis bracteolatis; fl. ign.—Island of Ovalau (Seemann! n. 631, ex parte in Mus. Brit.).

This species was inadvertently mixed with Pleiosmilax Vitiensis, from which it may be at once dis- tinguished by the triforked peduncles and singular cylindrical receptacles. None of the specimens have any flowers, so that the genus is doubtful; the habit is quite that of Smilax and Pleiosmilax. Petiole 12 lines long, with 2 tendrils at base; blade of leaf 4—5 inches long, and 23-3 inches broad. There are 3 very prominent ribs, and 2 very obscure marginal ones. The peduncle is somewhat compressed and as long as the petiole, being divided into 3 cylindrical receptacles, which are about 5 lines long, and densely

covered with minute bracts.

II. Pleiosmilax, (gen. nov. Seem. Journ. of Bot. 1868. p. 193. t. 81. Flores diclini. Fl.d: Perigonium corollinum, 6-phyllum, patens, foliolis zequalibus, sestivatione imbricatis. - Sta- mina duplo v. triplo perig. foliolorum numero ; filamenta filiformia, libera; antheræ ovate v. ob- longs, basifixe. Fl. 9: Perigonium maris, Stamina 6 sterilia (v. ssepius 0 ?). Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula in loculis 1. Stigmata 3. Bacca 3-locularis, 3-sperma. Semina elliptica.—Frutices semper- virentes, scandentes; radicibus tuberosis v. fibrosis; caule inermi v. aculeato ; foliis alternis petio- latis, cordatis v. ovatis, nervosis, reticulato-venosis; stipulis intrapetiolaribus cirrhiferis; floribus umbellatis, umbellis axillaribus, d' racemosis, 9 solitariis; baccis nigris.—Smilacis sp. Auct.

This genus differs from Smilax principally in having twice or thrice as many stamens as perigonal leaves.

Three species are at present known, viz. 1, P. Vitiensis, Seem. |. e.; 2, P. Sandwichensis, Seem. |. c. (Smilax Sandwichensis, Kunth, Enum. Plant. vol. v. p. 253; S. pseudochina, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. ?; nomen

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1868.] 28

~

310 FLORA VITIENSIS.

vernac. Hawaiense, teste Barclay, “ Aka-ava”), collected in Oahu (Seemann! Macrae! Hillebrand!) and Atoi (Barclay !), where it is used by the natives for tying the rafters of their houses; and 8, P. Menziesii, Seem. |. e. t. 81, caule teretiusculo petiolisque dense. aculeato ; foliis ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, 7-nerviis, supra inermibus, subtus ad costas aculeatis ; umbellis ¢ racemosis, rachidibus inermibus bracteatis, bracteis ovatis acuminatis, pedunculis compressis ebracteatis, receptaculis globosis, perig. foliolis 6 oblongo-linearibus ; umbellis 9 solitariis, pedunculis aculeatis.—Sandwich Islands (Menzies! in Herb. Mus. Brit.). A very singular species. The branches, petioles, peduncles of female flowers, and the ribs of the lower side of the leaves are covered with spines, much more minute and dense than they are in many species of Smilax.

1. P. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. l. c. (Tab. XCIII.); inermis, glabra; caule terete ; foliis sub- cordatis v. ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, 3-5-nerviis, coriaceis; pedunculis 4 2-3-fidis, perigonii foliolis 6 ovato-oblongis acuminatis l-nerviis, antheris ovatis; pedunculis 9 solitariis; baccis globosis (nigris) 3-spermis.—N omina vernac. Vitiense, * Kadragi," * Wa rusi,” et * Na kau wa.”— Islands of Ovalau, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, and Kadavu (Seemann! n. 631, ex parte).

This is closely allied to P. Sandwichensis, but the leaves are somewhat differently shaped and have fewer ribs, and the anthers are different in shape and size. The leaves of the lower part of the stem are very large (Fig. 1), often measuring a foot in length and nineinchesacross. The male umbels are arranged on short forked peduncles, and the middle umbel is always the largest and longer than the petiole ; whilst the female umbels are on simple peduncles, which are shorter than the petiole. Female flower is unknown. The berry is round and black, and contains three seeds. The creeper is found throughout the group, espe- cially on land that has at one time been cleared, and might be gathered in quantities if there were an demand for it. Yn the London market it would be unsaleable at present. It belongs to that section of Sarsaparillas distinguished by pharmacologists as the * non-mealy," the most valued representative of which is the Jamaica sort. Moreover, it has no “beard,” or little rootlets. The natives of Ovalau, Viti Levu, and Vanua Levu, name it * Kadragi " and * Wa rusi;" those of Kadavu, * Na kau wa," literally, “ the woody creeper.” It is said to be common also in the Samoan and Tongan groups, and prepared Sarsaparilla occasionally imported to the two last mentioned has found no market, the indigenous being preferred to the foreign. Curious to add, in Fiji it is not, as with us, the rhizome that is used, but the leaves, which are chewed, put in water, and strained through fibre, like the root of the Yagona or Kawa (Piper me- thysticum, Forst.), before being taken.

ExPLANATION oF Prare XOINI., representing Pleiosmilax Vitiensis, Seem.—Fig. 1, one of the leaves of the lower portion of a plant; 2, a branch with male flowers; 3, a male flower; 4, a portion of branch

ye

with ripe fruit :—ali, except Fig. 8, natural size.

Orvo CL LILIACER.

Besides the genera enumerated below, there is in tropical Polynesia the genus Dracena, of which one species (D. aurea, Hor. Mann) is found in the Hawaiian Islands. Allium Ascalonicum, Linn., is culti- vated in Viti, and succeeds well, the natives terming it “ Varasa."

I. Cordyline, Comm. ; R. Brown, Prodr. p. 280; Endl. Gen. n. 1166. Perigonium corollinum, campanulatum, limbo 6-fido, patente.. Stamina 6, perigonii fauci inserta ; filamenta subulata, an- there versatiles, basi 2-fide. Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula co, anatropa. Stylus filiformis ; stigma 3-lobum. Bacca globosa, 3-locularis. Semina in loculis oc, v. abortu solitaria, umbilico strophio- lato. Embryo axilis, extremitate radiculari centripeta.— Plantze caudice frutescente, interdum elato, foliis in apice caudicis congestis, elongato-lanceolatis, nervoso-striatis, petiolatis v. sessilibus, panicula terminali e spicis v. racemis alternis multifloris, floribus bibracteolatis, bracteola altera interiore, ses- silibus v. pedicellatis, perigonio cum pedicello articulato.—J. Hooker in Gardn. Chron., 1860, p. 792. Dracene sp., Linn.; Forst. Charlwoodia, Sweet, Fl. Austr. t. 18.

Besides the three species of Cordyline found in Viti, we have in tropical Polynesia C. Baueri, Hook.

fil; (C. australis, Endl. Fl. Norf. n. 29; Dracena australis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 283, non Forst. Prodr.; D. obtecta, Grah.), from Norfolk Island. The different species are known amongst the light-skinned Polyne- |

FLORA VITIENSIS. S11

sians by the collective name of * Ti," which in the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands dialect becomes * Ki,” and in some of the narratives of early voyagers is erroneously spelled * Tea." The statement, repeated even in recent publications, that the roots of some of these plants are a good substitute for Chinese tea, ` is erroneous. In Viti, however, the name “Ti” is only preserved for one species, viz. Ti kula (C. Jacquinii).

1. C. Jacquinii, Kunth in Act. Acad. Berol. 1842, p. 30; Enum. vol. v. p. 23; radice tube- rosa; caule fruticoso, simplici, apice folioso; foliis petiolatis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, in petiolum an- gustatis, membranaceo-rigidis, coloratis; panicula terminali, erecfa, simp'ici; floribus breviter pedi- cellatis racemosis (lilacinis), laciniis perigonii equilongis, exterioribus 3-, interioribus l-nerviis ; stigmate 3-fido.— Dracena terminalis, Jacq. Coll. vol. ii. p. 354; ejusd. Icon. vol. ii. t. 448 (excl. syn. Rumph.); Red. Liliac. t. 91. D. ferrea, Linn. Syst. Veg. 275. Convallaria fruticosa, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 984? Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “Ti Kula."—fFrequently cultivated as an ornamental plant throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 635); perhaps not truly wild. Also cultivated in most other Polynesian Islands.

There are grown in Viti several varieties of this beautiful plant, some of which have been recently in- troduced from other Polynesian Islands. The native name “Ti Kula” means the Ti-plant, which has leaves like the Kula,—the Kula being a paroquet (Coriphilus solitarius, Latham). The roots are large and tuberous, and eaten by the natives.

2. C. sepiaria, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XCIV.); radice etuberosa; caule elato, arborescente, ramoso; foliis lineari-lanceolatis viridibus firmis; panicula terminali erecta; floribus sessilibus (albidis); laciniis perig. obovato-oblongis inszequilongis; bracteolis subulatis minutis perig. 5-plo brevioribus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Vasili Kau."—In woods, Viti Levu and Taviuni (Seemann ! n. 634) ; frequently used for by the natives for hedges.

This species differs from C. terminalis in the shape of its leaves, very minute bracts, and tall stem. The roots are not tuberous as those of C. terminalis are. The trunk is as tall as fourteen feet. The leaves, given to goats, sheep, and cattle, are linear-lanceolate, 11-2 feet long, and 3-4 inches broad.

ExPrnaANATION OF PrATE XCIV., representing C. sepiaria, Seem.— Fig. 1, flower-bud; 2, open flower; 3, pistil; 4, cross section of ovary :—all magnified.

3. C. terminalis, Kunth in Act. Acad. Berol. 1820, p. 30; ejusd. Enum. vol. v. p. 25; radice tuberosa; caule fruticoso simplici; foliis petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis, firmis, supra glaucis subtus purpureo-variegatis; panicula terminali, erecta, simplici, ramis divaricatis; floribus subsessilibus, solitariis, racemosis (albis v. purpureis).— Terminalis alba, Rumph. Amb. vol. iv. p. 79. t. 34. fig. l. Asparagus terminalis, Linn. Spec. p. 450 (excl. Terminalis rubra, Rumph.). Dracena terminalis, Reich. Plant. p. 72; Forst. Plant. Escul. p. 32 et Prodr. n. 152; Park. Icon. (ined.) t. 38, 39. Cordyline Eschscholtziana, Mart. in Schult. Syst. vol. vii. p. 347, 1677. C. Ti, Schott in Bot. Zeit. 1828, p. 575. C. heliconiefolia, Otto et Dietr. Gartenz. 1835, p. 34.—Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “Qui” v. *Masawe;" Hawaiiense, “ Ki;” Tahitense, “'Ti.’—Cultivated throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 636). Also in the Hawaiian (Seemann!) and Society Islands (Banks and Solander !) i

This is not truly wild in Viti, but is much cultivated by the natives under the names of * Qui," “ Ma- sawe,” and “ Vasili Toga;” and, judging from one of these names (Vasili Toga = Tonga), it may perhaps have been imported from the Tongan or Friendly Islands. The root is tuberous, and often weighs from ten to fourteen pounds, and after being baked on heated stones, much resembles in taste and degree of sweet- ness that of stick-liquorice. The Vitians chew it, or use it to sweeten puddings. They were ignorant of the art of extracting an intoxicating liquor from it, known to the Hawaiians. The leaves are excellent fodder for goats, sheep, rabbits, and cattle, and are used for this purpose by the white settlers. Solander says (Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. p. 248), that six varieties of it were known to the Tahitians, which he attempts to classify under two heads, the white-flowering and the purple-flowering. But he evidently confounds with it C. Jacquinii, and perhaps also the species which I have named C. sepiaria. Nevertheless, there is

2 ae

312 FLORA VITIENSIS.

a white and a purple flowered variety of the genuine C. terminalis, of both of which Parkinson has made excellent coloured drawings. In the Hawaiian Islands (as stated in my ‘Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, vol. ii. p. 83), C. terminalis is used for hedges, and the leaves for thatching and for wrapping up bundles of food, charcoal, ete.; the leaves also serve among the native women as a medium for communicating ideas, which appears to be somewhat similar to the system of quipos employed by the ancient Incas.

II. Geitonoplesium, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3131; Endl. Gen. n. 1163. Perigonium co- rollinum, 6-partitum, patens, quale, glabrum: Stamina 6, basi laciniarum inserta ; filamenta fili- formia, apice curvata, conniventia ; anthers basifixe, sagittate. Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula pauca, amphitropa. Stylus filiformis, 3-sulcus; stigma simplex. Bacca globosa, l-sperma. Semina sub- globosa, testa coriacea, atra, umbilico ventrali nudo. Embryo subexcentricus, curvatus, extremitate radiculari incrassata infera.—Suffrutices volubiles, foliis elliptico-lanceolatis nervoso-striatis, flori- bus cymosis v. umbellatis, terminales axillaresque, pedicellis cum perigonii basi attenyata articulatis, baccis nigris.—ZLuzuriaga, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 281, non Ruiz et Pav.

1. G. cymosum, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3131; ramis teretibus, ramulis striatis levibus ; cymis terminalibus 2-partitis—Luzuriaga cymosa, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 282.—Nomen vernac. Viti- ense, “ Wa Dakua ” (i.e. the Dammara creeper, because the leaves of the plant are somewhat like those of Dammara Vitiensis, the Vitian * Dakua.)"—Kadavu, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 638). Also collected in New Holland, Norfolk Island, and the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (Sir E. Home !).

C. Koch (Walp. Ann. vol. vi.) holds the narrow-leaved form of this plant to be specifically distinct, and names it G. angustifolium.

III. Dianella, Lam. Illustr. t. 250; Endl. Gen. n. 1160. Perigonium corollinum, 6-partitum, æquale, patens. Stamina 6, imo perigonio inserta; filamenta curvata, apice incrassata, stuposa; antherze basifixæ, lineares, stricte. Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula oo, anatropa. Stylus filiformis; stigma simplex. Bacca globosa, oo-sperma. Semina ovalia, testa crustacea atra splendente, umbi- lico nudo. Embryo rectus, minimus, in basi albuminis.—Herb: perennes v. suffrutices, radice fibrosa, foliis gramineis elongatis, basi semivaginantibus, floribus panieulatis, baccis czeruleis, pedi- cellis cernuis, juxta apicem articulatis, basi bracteola unilaterali stipatis.

Besides the species enumerated below, we have in tropical Polynesia, D. ensifolia, Red., Wight, Icon. t. 2053; (D. odorata, Blume; D. Sandwichensis, Hook. et Arn.), from the Society (Banks and Solander!) and Hawaiian Islands (Barclay! Macrae!), and an undescribed species from New Caledonia and Isle of Pines (Capt. Cook! M‘Gillivray!), viz. D. Austro-Caledonica, Seem., mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; caules- cens; foliis sublanceolato-linearibus planis (8 lin. lat.), marginibus carinaque levibus; panicule ramis dichotomis patulis ramulisque arcuato-recurvatis; floribus longe pedicellatis; foliolis perigon. inter. 5- nerviis; filamentis villosis.— Leaves short for the genus, 6-9 inches long. A scrap collected by Forster, and preserved at the British Museum, is pasted on the same sheet which contains his specimen of Anthe- ricum Adenanthera.

]. D. intermedia, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norf. p. 28; Bauer, Illust. Plant. Norfolk, t. 178; Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 53; foliis radicalibus congestis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis (1-5 ped. long.), carina marginibusque denticulato-asperis, basi complicata scapoque angulato levibus; panicule ramis ramu- lisque arcuatis; pedicellis nutantibus, perianthium subsuperantibus, perigon. foliol. interioribus 5- nerviis.—D. (2) obscura, Kunth, Enum. vol. v. p. 65. D. (?) Forsteri, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 162. Anthericum Adenanthera, Forst. Prodr. n. 149, et Icon. (ined.) t. 96. Conanthera (2) Forsteri, Spreng. Syst. vol. ii. p. 91. Phalangium Adenanthera, Poir. Encycl. vol. v. p. 252.— Island of Kadavu (Seemann! n. 639). Also collected in New Caledonia (Forster! Capt. Cook!

FLORA VITIENSIS. 313

anno 1775), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !), Tongan Islands (D. Nelson!), New Zealand (Banks and Solander !), and Norfolk Island.

IV. Astelia, Banks et Soland.; Endl. Gen. n. 1051. Flores abortu polygamo-dioici. Peri- gonium 6-partitum, semiglumaceum, persistens. Stamina 6, imo perigonio inserta. Ovarium 3- loculare v. dissepimentis incompletis 1-loculare, placentibus parietalibus 3. Ovula oc. Stylus 0; stigmata 3, obtusa. Bacca 1-3-locularis, oo-sperma.—Herb: habitu fere Tillandsie, et swpius pariter in arborum truncis vivis v. emortuis pseudo-parasiticee ; radice fibrosa, foliis radicalibus imbri- catis, lanceolato-linearibus v. ensiformibus, carinatis v. ecarinatis, seepius utrinque v. subtus adpresse villosis, basi sericeo-lanatis, caule 0 v. brevi planifolio, floribus racemosis v. paniculatis, rariusve sub- solitariis, pedicellis haud artieulatis, unibracteatis, floribus extus sericeis.—Hamelinia, A. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 158. t. 24. Funkia, Willd. in Berl. Mag. vol. ii. p. 19. Melanthium, Forst. in Comm. Gott. vol. ix. p. 30. t. 6.

This genus is represented in New Zealand and Australia by several species, and in the Hawaiian

Islands by 4. Menziesiana, Smith, collected by Menzies, and by <A. veratroides, Gaud., collected by D. Nelson and Macrae.

l. A. montana, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XCV.); caule sericeo-lanato; foliis e basi ovato elongato-linearibus, 3-nerviis, margine recurvis, supra glabris lucidis, subtus ad nervos marginesque villosis; floribus racemoso-paniculatis, perigon. foliolis linearibus; antheris ovatis acuminatis; baccis ovatis 3-locularibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Misi."—Summit of Buke Levu Mountain, Island of Kadavu, on trees (Seemann! n. 641).

Stem eovered with white silky wool. Leaves from 2-3 feet long, and 13-2 inches broad, with three primary veins, glabrous with the exception of the margin and veins. Panicle supported at base by large leaf-like bracts, cordate at base. Flowers qoe Ovary 3-celled.

The leaves are arranged like those of many epiphytical Bromeliacee, and acting as a kind of rain gauge, the centre of the plant is always filled with water, which, on our ascent of Buke Levu, we found sufficiently fresh to make tea with, as described in my * Viti,’ p. 214.

EXPLANATION oF Prare XCV., representing Astelia montana, Seem.—Portion of the entire plant; panicle; 3, flower; 4, stamens; 5, berry; 6, seed :— Figs. 8-6 magnified.

Orpo CI. COMMELYNACEZE.

I. Commelyna, Dill. Hort. Elth. p. 93; Endl. Gen. n. 1028, ex parte. Perigonii exterioris foliola 3, extus calycina, persistentia; interiora 3 v. 2, petaloidea, unguiculata, decidua, tertio seepius dissimili v. abortivo. Stamina 6 v. pauciora, 3 fertilia ; filamenta glabra, in eonnectivum reniforme dilatata; anthere loculis divaricatis, connectivum marginantibus, 3 (v. 2—4), dissimiles, cassæ Ovarium 3-loculare, loculis pauciovulatis. Stylus filiformis, simplex; stigma indivisum. Capsula 3-locularis, loculicido-3-valvis, valvis medio septiferis, loculis lateralibus 2-ovulatis, dorsali 1-ovulato. Semina subquadrata.—Herbe diffuse v. erectm, foliis ovatis v. lanceolatis; floribus fasciculatis

involucratis v. nudis vage paniculatis.

1. C. Pacifica, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 168; caulibus repentibus, glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis, oblongis, subovato-oblongis et oblongo-lanceolatis, superioribus sessilibus, supra margine- que scabriusculis, subtus glabris; vaginis antice oreque ciliatis; spathis oppositifoliis, cordato-ovatis, acuminatis, complicatis, glabris, plerumque ciliolatis; pedunculis in spatha geminis, 3—4-floris ; exserto, glabro v. hirtello; floribus polygamis; sepalo exteriore impari subsessili, subrotundo-ovato.

314 FLORA VITIENSIS.

-—C. Virginica, Forst. Prodr. n. 26, non Linn. C. agraria, Kunth, Enum. vol. iv. p. 38. C. poly- gama, Schlecht. in Ehrenb. Pl. Ins. St. Thom. n. 137. C. Cajennensis, Rich. in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. i. p. 106.—A common weed throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 642). Also collected in the Tongan (D. Nelson! Forster! Barclay !) and Sandwich Islands (Mann and Brigham !), New Caledonia (Capt. Cook ! M‘Gillivray !). Common in tropical America.

Horace Mann regards it as an introduced plant in the Hawaiian Islands, but it is probably indigenous there, as it was found by the early explorers of Polynesia in many of the South Sea Islands.

II. Aneilema, R. Br. Prodr. p. 270. Flores subregulares. Sepala 6, libera, 3 exteriora navicularia, immutata, persistentia, 3 interiora majora, petaloidea, subzequalia, decidua. Stamina 6, quorum nunc 3, nunc 2—4 effeta, antheris crassis difformibus instructa, interdum 4, quorum 2 sterilia. Antherz fertiles 2-loculares, conformes; loculis parallelis, connectivo angusto junctis. | Ovarium sessile, 3-loculare; ovulis in quolibet loculo 2—5, superpositis. Stylus elongatus; stigma simplex. Capsula 3-locularis, 3-valvis; valvis medio septiferis; loculis 2-oligospermis. Semina superposita, sessilia, angulata, hilo brevi affixa.—Herb: ramosæ, erect; v. diffuse et repentes, foliis vaginatis ; pedunculis terminalibus, corymboso- dichotomo- v. paniculato-ramosis, bracteatis; floribus solitariis, pedicellatis ; pedicellis basi bracteolatis ; filamentis plerumque imberbibus, rarius aliquis v. omnibus barbatis.— Anilema, Kunth, Enum. vol. iv. p. 64. .4philaz, Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vol. i. p. 261.

1, A. Vitiensis, (sp. nov.) Seem. (Tab. XCVI.) ; caule adscendente glabro ; foliis brevi-petio- latis, ovatis v. ovato-oblongis, attenuatis, utrinque levibus et glaberrimis ; vaginum ore ciliatis; floribus dichotomo-paniculatis ; sepalis exter. ovatis obtusis, interioribus obovatis; ovario pubescente.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 643).

In look nearest 4. laza, R. Br., and A. acuminata, R. Br., but at once distinguished by the shape of the leaves and their entire smoothness, as well as the character of the inflgrescence. Entire plant about

1i-2 feet high; petiole proper shorter than the sheath. Blade of leaf 3-4 inches long, 9-18 lines broad. Petaloid sepals pale blue.

ExPLANATION oF Prare XCVL, representing Aneilema Vitiensis, Seem.—Fig. 1, flower-bud; 2,

flower; 3, pistil; 4, sepals and pistil; 5, ovary, eut across :—a// magnified. The stamens of fig. 2 not quite reliable, as the specimen was imperfect.

Orbo CHI. JUNCACEJE.

, _ Luzula campestris, DO. (Juncus campestris, Linn. Forst. Prodr. n. 154), may be expected to exist in Viti, as it has been found ip the Society (Forster!) and Hawaiian Islands (Macrae!), and New Zealand

and Tasmania.

I. Flagellaria, Linn. Gen. n. 450; Endl. Gen. n. 1054; J. D. Hook. in Kew Misc. vol. vii. p. 198. t. 6. Perigonium coloratum, 6-partitum, persistens; laciniis 2-seriatis. Stamina 6, hypo- gyna; filamenta filiformia, libera; anthers oblonge, medio dorso affixze, 2-loculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium sessile, liberum, 3-loculare. Ovula in loculis 1, basilaria, sessilia, ana- tropa. Stigmata 3, sessilia, filiformia, patula. Drupa pisiformis, stigmatibus coronata, 1-3- sperma; epicarpio carnoso ab endocarpio osseo solubili. Semina subglobosa v. oblonga; testa membranacea, tenui; umbilico basilari; chalaza terminali late orbiculari. Embryo lenticularis,

minimus, albuminis farinacei foveole basilari semi-immersus, extremitate radiculari punctiformi d

FLORA VITIENSIS. 815

umbilicum attingente, infera.— Herb: perennes, caule erecto v. sarmentoso ; foliis sparsis, basi vaginantibus; vaginis connatis, caulem velantibus; lamina lanceolata, nervosa, basi contracta, apice interdum in cirrhum spiralem desinente; floribus paniculatis, bracteolatis, viridibus v. albis.—Join- villea, Gaud. Bonit. t. 39, 40.

Besides the two Polynesian species enumerated below, there is in the Hawaiian Islands F. ascendens, Seem. (Joinvillea ascendens, Gaud. Bonit. t. 39, 40, f. 1-7), and, from a communication received from Mr. Storck, an additional species in Viti, of which, however, no specimens have come to hand.

1. F. elegans, Seem.; erecta; foliis late elongato-lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, creberrime plicatis et longitudinaliter nervosis; nervis primariis minute scaberulis, venulis transversis convexis ; vagina fissa, marginibus membranaceis superne in auriculas obtusas utrinque dilatata; paniculee ramis puberulis; perigon. segmentis ovato-subulatis ; drupis coccineis.—F. (Chortodes) plicata, J. D. Hook. in Kew Mise. vol. vii. p. 200. t. 6. Joinvillea elegans, Gaud. Bonit. t. 39, 40. f. 7-26 (sine descript.).—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 645). Also collected in Aneitum, New Hebrides (M'Gilli- vray !), Kanala, New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), and Isle of Pines (Milne and M‘Gillivray !)

2. F. Indica, Linn. Sp. p. 475; caule scandente ; foliis lanceolatis, basi in petiolum brevem con- tractis, apice cirrhiformi-spiralibus, integerrimis, glabris, nitidis, oc-nerviis (4-12 poll. long.), vegetio- ribus, supra basin subcordato-rotundatis (3-2 poll. lat.) ; paniculis terminalibus.— Palmijuncus levis, Rumph. Amb. vol. v. t. 59. f. 1; Rheede, Malab. vol. vii. t. 53. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Wa Sila? (v. *Sili "?) et * Duruka” (v. * Turuka ??).—Forests of Taviuni and Viti Levu (Seemann !

n. 644; Ovalau (Storck! n. 910).

The ears of this plant are eaten by the natives.

Orpo CIV. CYPERACEZE.*

There is a great number of undetermined Cyperacee from tropical America in the British herbaria. Schenus arundinaceus, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 491 (sine descript.), from New Caledonia (Forster !, Capt. Cook, anno 1774), is identical with Asterochete arundinacea, Kunth; whilst Sehanus elevatus, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 494 (sine descript.), from Tahiti (Banks and Solander!), is identical with Cladium leptosta- chyum, Nees.

I. Lepironia, Rich. in Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 70; Endl. Gen. n. 986. Spicule co-flore, co-game. Palez co, in rhachilla brevissima imbricato-fasciculate, l-andre. Flores ¢; stamina 3-6. Ovarium stylo 2-fido, deciduo. Caryopsis crustacea, globosa v. compressa, poroso-rugulosa. —Herb:e paludose, Juncorum habitu ; culmis simplicissimis, foliis teretibus farctis, septis transversis nodosis, spiculis infra culmi apicem in capitulum bracteolatum v. nudum aggregatis, nune in spicam lateralem squamis cartilagineis arctissime imbricatis bracteatam, strobiliformem dispositis.

1. L, mucronata, L. C. Rich. in Pers. Syn. vol. i. p. 70; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 366; A. Rich. in Dict. Class. vol. ix. p. 297.—Scirpus coniferus, Poir. Encycl. vol. vi. p. 7 56; ejusd. Suppl. vol. v. 90 (v. s.). Restio articulatus, Retz. Obs. vol. iv. p. 15. Chondrachne, articulata, Brown,

*

* An Eriocaulon, closely allied, if not identical with Æ. australe, R. Brown, was collected by M‘Gil- livray ! in the Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia.

wv.

316 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Prod. p. 220.—In swamps, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 667). Also found in New Holland and the East Indies.

.-

II. Scleria, Berg. Endl. Gen. n. 964. Spicule diclinz, 3 oc-florze, 9 l.flore. Fl. 4: Palex distiche v. co-fariam imbricatz. Perigonium 0. Stamen l, v. rarissime 5. Fl. 9: Glumæ oo, o0- fariam imbricatz, sensim majores. Pales 2, integra, subopposite. Perigonium 0. Discus varius, subcylindricus, lobatus v. annularis, persistens. Ovarium stylo continuo, 2-3-fido. Caryopsis ossea, subglobosa, lageniformis v. lenticularis, levis v. tessellata, paleis patentibus cincta.— Herb:e perennes, habitu vario.

l. S. margaritifera, Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 321; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 341; culmis 3. quetris, angulis scabris ; foliis linearibus, planis, submembranaceis, 3-nerviis, margine scabris ; vaginis 3-quetris, vix alatis; ligula abbreviata, rotundata ; panieulis axillaribus et terminalibus, ramosis, peduneulatis, pyramidalibus; bracteis setiformibus; floribus masculis 3-andris ; spica 9 floribus 8 g terminata ; achenio lapideo, subgloboso, fuscescenti, umbonato, levi, lacteo-albido, nitido ; disco 3-lobo, haud ciliato; lobis ovatis, obtusis.— Carer lithospermus, Forst. Prod. n. 339.—Ovalau (M‘Gillivray ! Seemann! n.677). Also found in Tana (W. Anderson ! Forster !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), and Samoa (Sir E. Home !).

2. S.lithosperma, Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 316; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 949; glaucà; culmis gracilibus, 3-quetris, glabris; foliis anguste linearibus, elongatis, margine scabris; vaginis 3- quetris, faciebus pilosiusculis, angulis glabris; ligula abbreviata, rotundata ; pedunculis axillaribus et terminalibus, simplicibus vel ramosis, oligostachyis; spicis geminis et ternis, quasi per spicam interruptam dispositis, masculis femineis intermixtis; floribus d monandris?; achenio lapideo, ovato-elliptico, acutiusculo-umbonato, 3-gono, levi, lacteo-albo, nitido, ad basim margine angusto ferrugineo adnato cincto; disco obsolete 3-lobo, haud ciliato.— Scirpus lithospermus, Linn. Spec. ed. 1. p. 51 (Rheede, vol. xii, t. 48). S. tenuis, Retz. Obs. vol. iv. p. 13; Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 316. S. glaucescens, Presl in Rel. Henk. vol. iii. p. 202.— Taviuni (Seemann! n. 676). Also collected in Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !), and Tonga (Barclay !).

III. Gahnia, Forst. Gen. n. 26, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 982. Spiculæ 1-flore, flore ĝ termi- nali. Paleæ co-fariam imbricatæ. Perigonium 0. Stamina 3-6; filamentis demum elongatis. Ovarium stylo 3-fido ; stigmatibus indivisis v. 2-3-fidis. Caryopsis ossea, putamine æquabili, nucleo levi v. transversim pluries constricto.—Herbæ culmis foliosis; foliis elongatis, asperis, involutis, paniculis compositis, foliatis.— Lampocarya, R. Brown, Prodr. p.938. Morelotia, Gaud. ad Freyc. p. 416, t. 28. !

There are several species of this genus in tropieal Polynesia, besides the one represented in Viti. In the Society Islands we have the typical G. schanoides, Forst. (Schænus spilocarpus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 207), collected there by Banks and Solander, and subsequently by the Forsters; in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) a species closely allied to G. aspera, Spreng., but apparently new; in the Sandwich Islands G. Beecheyi, Horace Mann, collected by Barelay!; G. Gaudichaudii, Steud. (Morelotia gahnia-

Jolia, Gaud. Freye. t. 28), collected by David Nelson! and Maerae!; and G. globosa, Horace Mann `- (Morelotia gahnieformis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 98, non M. gahniafolia, Gaud.), collected by Barclay !

l. G. aspera, Spreng. Syst. vol. ii, p. 114; tetrandra; spica composita, foliata; partialibus subindivisis; spiculis congestis ; squamis intimis obtusis kevibus.— Lampocarya aspera, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 238.— Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 672). Also found in New Holland: (R. Brown !).-

IV. Rhynchospora, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 229; Endl. Gen. n. 907. Spicule pauciflorze,

FLORA VITIENSIS. e317 .

$ -oc-gam:e. Pales oo-stiche imbricate. Perigonii sete rigide, denticulatze. Stamina 3.. Ova- ritm stylo 2-fido. Caryopsis basi styli discreta, longirostris.—Plantz inflorescentia varia, panicu- lata, corymbosa v. spicato-capitata.

Scheenus arundinaceus, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 491 (sine descript.), from New Caledonia (Forster !), is a species of this genus, closely allied to R. thyrsoidea, Nees (R. scleroides, Hook. et Arn.), of the Sandwich Islands (Macrae!)

1. R. aurea, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 291; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 293; culmo 3-angulari, foliato; foliis planis, rigidis, carina margineque scabris; cymis diffusis, ramosissimis ; spicis lanceo- latis, 1-4-floris; flore inferiore $; superioribus d ; achenio pyriformi, cutis piscine instar sca- brato, interdum obsolete transversim undulato, ferrugineo, nitido; rostro vix longiore, conico, per suleum exarato, concolori, apice scabriusculo, basi soluto; setis 7, scabris, fructum superantibus. — Scirpus corymbosus, Linn. Ameen. Acad. vol. iv. p. 303; ejusd. Spec. vol. i. p. 76. Scheenus corymbosus, Pers, Syn. vol. i. p. 59. S. Surinamensis, Rottb. Gram. p. 68. t. 21. f. 1. Cheto- sporea aurea, Humb. Bpl. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. vol. i. p. 231. Schenus floridus, Rudge, Guian. p. 15. t. 18 (fide Brown). R. florida, Dietr. Spec. vol. ii. p. 71. Calyptrostylis Rudgei, Nees ab Esenb. in Linnza, vol. ix. p. 295. Cephaloschenus divergens, Nees ab Esenb. in Lannea, vol. ix- p.296. Rhynchospora corymbifera, Nees ab Esenb. in Linnea, vol. ix. p. 297. R. Surinamensis, Nees ab Esenb. l.c.— Viti, exact locality not specified (Sir. E. Home !). Also in tropics of both hemi- spheres.

V. Hypolytrum, Rich. in Pers. Ench. vol. i. p. 70, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 988. Spiculz 3. Palee 2-4, bractee contrarie, marginibus interdum antice v. postice, nonnunquam, utrinque inter se coalite, Stamina 2-8. Ovarium stylo 2-fido, deciduo. Caryopsis crustacea, ovoidea, compressa, apice suberoso-incrassata, mutica.—Herbe Fuirenz v. Cladii habitu; culmis foliosis, spicis cuneatis v, turbinatis, undique imbricatim bracteatis, per paniculas cymosas v. corymbiformes squarrosas dispositis.— 4/bikia, Presl in Reliq. Henk. vol. i. p. 284. .

H. dissitiflorum, Steud., collected in the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies !), is closely allied to the following species.

1, H. latifolium, Rich. in Pers. Syn. vol. i. p. 70; culmis 3-angularibus, foliatis; foliis culmo longioribus, late linearibus, planis, 3-nerviis, rigidulis, marginibus nervoque medio subtus spinuloso- serrulatis; corymbis in apice culmi paniculato-dispositis, foliis distinctis ; spicis (floriferis) cylindr a- ceo-oblongis ; squamis apice rotundatis, submucronatis, dorso sub-3-nerviis; propriis liberis, carina ciliatis; staminibus 2; fructu ovato-subrotundo, cum styli basi conica acuta confluente, obsolete - lacunuloso.—H. giganteum, Wall. Cat. n. 3404; Nees ab Esenb. in Wight, Bot. p. 93, et in Linnea, vol. ix. p. 288. Tunga diandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 184. Schænus nemorum, Vahl, Symb. vol. iii. p. 8 (Rheed. Mal. p. 12. t. 58) ; ejusd. Enum. vol. ii. p. 227. Hypelyptum nemorum, Beauv. Fl. vol. ii. p. 13. t.67. H. diandrum, Dietr. Spec. vol. ii. p. 365. Albikia scirpoides, Presl in Rel. Henk. vol. i. p. 185. t. 35.—In swamps, Ovalau (M‘Gillivray! Seemann! n. 666). Also common in tropical Asia and Africa.

VI. Fimbristylis, Vahl, Enum. vol. iii. p. 285; Endl. Gen. n. 998. Spicule co-flore, 3. Palee undique imbrieatz, infima vacua. Perigonium 0. Stamina 3. Discus membranaceus, in- teger, vix manifestus. Ovarium stylo 2-3-fido; basi bulboso-incrassata persistente. Caryopsis crustacea, nuda v. granulato-echinulata, compressa v. 3-gona, disco sphacelato exiguo stipata.— Stirpes; culmis enodibus, basi foliatis v. vaginatis; foliis angustis, sepius canaliculatis, margini- busque asperis, spiculis solitariis, capitatis v. in umbellam inequaliter radiatam dispositis, involucro abbreviato bractezeformi v. foliaceo suffultis.

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 1, 1868.] 9T

918. FLORA VITIENSIS.

1. F. communis, Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 234; glauca; glabra v. villoso-pubescens ; culmis teretiusculis (?), sulcatis ; foliis anguste linearibus, planis; umbella composita vel decomposita, pře- rumque pauciradiata ; involucro 2-5-phyllo; spicis ovato-lanceolatis, ovatis vel ellipticis, acutis; squamis latissime ovatis, breviter mucronatis, dorso viridibus, lateribus superne magis minusve in- tense castaneo-fuscis, glabris; stylo 2-fido, fimbriato-ciliato ; achenio 2-convexo, umbonato, subtiliter cancellato, stramineo-albido vel fusco, margaritaceo-nitido.—F. diphylla, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 289. F. striata, Labill. Austr. Cal. p. 79. t. 16. f. 2.—Taviuni (Seemann! 675). Also found in New Caledonia, New Holland, tropical Asia, and Africa.

2. F. arvensis, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 291; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 237 ; cæspitosa; culmis strictis, compressis, superne 3-angularibus, glabris; vaginis pubescentibus ; foliis brevibus, anguste linearibus, margine scabriuseulis; umbella simplici vel composita; radiis valde inzqualibus, 1-5- stachyis, glabris; involucro 1-2-phyllo; umbella breviore; spicis ovato-oblongis, acutis, centralibus sessilibus ; squamis ovato-ellipticis, sub apice rotundato mucronatis, ferrugineis, superne canescenti- puberulis; staminibus 3; stylo 2-fido, fimbriato-ciliato; achenio obovato, umbonato, turgide lenti- culari, externe convexiore, subtilissime impresso-punctulato, fusco, nitido.—Scirpus arvensis, Retz. Obs. vol. iv. p. 11. S.tranquebariensis, Roth, Cat. vol. iii. p. 6; ejusd. Nov. Spec. 29 (fide specim- in Herb. Reg. Berol.). S. cinereo-fuscus, Willd. Herb. n. 1259. fol. 3. S. pallescens, Willd. Herb. n. 1269. fol. 2 (forma monostachya). F. marginata, Labill. Nov. Caled. p. 11. t. 16.— Ovalau and Taviuni (Seemann! n. 674). Also collected in New Caledonia, the East Indies, and Mauritius.

VII. Eleocharis, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 224; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 139. Spicee co-, rarius pauciflore. Squame undique imbricatze, conformes, paucissime inferiorum vacue. Calyx ; sete 6, interdum plures vel pauciores, sepissime retrorsum hispid, rarissime 0. Stamina 3, rarius pauciora. Stylus 3-, rarius 2-fidus, basi dilatatus. Achenium 3-angulare v. lenticulare, basi styli persistente coronatum.—Herbe ; culmi vaginati, aphylli, monostachyi.

1. E. articulata, Steud. Syn. Glum. vol. ii. p. 81; rhizomate repente ; culmis teretibus superne approximate interstinctis, sterilibus fertiles zequantibus acutis; spica cylindrica culmo angustiore ; squamis obovato-cuneiformibus subtiliter striatis pallidis, 2 infimis ovatis obtusis evidentius striatis ; achenio obovato-lenticulari crenulato-costulato, infra rostrum constricto.—Limnochloa articulata, Nees ab Esenb. Cyper. Bras. p.100. Scirpus articulatus, Salzm. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Kuta.” —Vanua Levu, in swamps about Bau Bay (Seemann! n. 678). Also found in Brazil.

Used by the natives for making a very fine and elastic kind of matting.

VIII. Kyllingia, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 11; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 127. Spice compressz, 1-2-florz, flore superiore d, rarius 8-floree. Squam:e distiche, fertiles carinatz, steriles (2 inte- riores) parvze. Sete squamuleque 0. Stamina 1-8. Ovarium lateribus compressum. Stylus 2- fidus, deciduus. Achenium lateribus compressum, apicatum.—Herbe; culmi basi foliato, rarissime aphylli. Folia graminea, capitulis solitariis, rarius geminis v. ternis, compactis, involucratis. .

1. K. monocephala, Linn. Suppl. p. 104; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 129; repens; culmis erectis, triangularibus, basi foliatis; foliis membranaceis, planis, apicem versus margine carinaque ciliolato-spinulosis ; capitulo solitario, globoso, denso; involucro 3-4-phyllo, longissimo; spicis 1- floris; squamis 2 superioribus subzequalibus, compresso-navicularibus, superne incrassato-cristatis, crista spinuloso-ciliata, acutato-mucronatis, purpureo-punctulatis, 7-nerviis superiore altius inserta ; staminibus 2; achenio elliptico, lateribus compresso, apicato, subtilissime punctulato, stramineo-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 319

flavido.—Schenus coloratus, Linn. Spec. vol. i. p. 64. — TÀryocephalon nemorale, Forst. Gen. 65. Scirpus cephalotes, Jacq. Hort. Vind. vol. i. p. 42. t. 97. .Kyllingia triceps, Forst. Prodr. n. 31 et Icon. (ined.) t. 15. Schenus coloratus, Soland. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 207.—In swampy places, common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 670, et n. 671; Greffe! n. 55). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander! Forster! Barclay !), Tongan (Home), and Samoan Islands (Sir E. Home !). |

IX. Mariscus, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 373; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 115. Spicæ 1-2, rarius 3-5-flore. Squamæ distiche ; interiores vacum. Sete squamuleque 0. Stamina 3. Ovarium 8-angulare. Stylus 3-fidus, deciduus. Achenium 3-angulare, in excavatione rhacheole receptum, sepe mucronulatum. Culmi 3-angulares, basi foliati. Capitula v. spice composite, nunc solitaria, nunc fasciculato-congesta, nune per umbellas disposita.— Differt a Cyperi sectione stylo 9-fido in- structa nonnisi numero florum. Limites inter Cyperum, Mariscum, et Kyllingiam omnino artifi- ciales, et genera minime conjungenda sint (Brown, Prod. p. 219).

1. M. flavus, Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 118; repens; culmo 3-angulari, glabro; foliis culmum subsequantibus, rigidulis, carinato-planis, margine scabris ; spicis compositis subquinis, sessilibus, ob- longo-ellipticis; involucro 5-phyllo, longissimo ; spicis propriis arcte confertis, oblongo-lanceolatis, - acutatis, 2-floris; squamis fertilibus obtusis, mucronulatis, sub-11-nerviis, fuscescenti-lutescentibus, lineolis punetulisque ferrugineis conspersis, carina viridi ; cchenio (immaturo) 3-augulari.—M. Mexri- canus, Willd. Herb. n. 1423 ; Link, Jahrb. vol. iii. p. 90. M. levis, Humb. Bpl. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. vol.i. p.214. M. sylvestris, Humb. Bpl. et Kunth, l.c. in corrig. 377. M. levigatus, Roem. et Schult. Syst. vol. ii. p. 243. M. Henkei, Presl in Rel. Henk. vol. i. p. 181.—Common in swampy ground, in most Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 669; Sir E. Home! Greffe! n. 55: M‘Gillivray !). Also collected in the Tongan Islands (Sir E. Home!). Diffused over tropical America and Australia.

2. M. phleoides, Nees in lit. ex Steud. Glum. vol. ii. p. 62; culmo 3-quetro basi nodoso folioso; foliis linearibus margine scabris culmum zquantibus ; involucro sub-8-phyllo longissimo ; spicis 99, subsessilibus cylindricis; spiculis lanceolatis compressis l-floris; squamis 2 inferioribus subzequalibus 3-que acute carinatis, carina serrulato-scabris.—Cyperus phleoides, Horace Mann, Enum. Hawaiian Plants, p. 208.—In swamps, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 668). Also eollected in the

. Hawaiian Islands (Macre !).

. X. Cyperus, Linn; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 2. Spies; oc-flore. Squam:e distiche imbricate, omnes floriferz, zequales, interdum nonnull inferiorum minores, vacuæ. Setze squamuleve 0. Sta- mina 3, rarius ] v. 2. Stylus 3-, rarius 2-fidus, deciduus. Achenium 3-angulare v. rarius com- pressum, sepe basi persistente styli mucronatum.— Herbe. Culmi foliati, rarius aphylli. Folia graminea, plerumque plana, spicis fasciculatis capitatis v. umbellatis, umbellis simplicibus, com-

positis v. supradecompositis.

A number of species belonging to this genus are found in the various Polynesian Islands.

1. C. pennatus, Lam. Ill. t. 144; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 80; virescenti-glaucus; culmo 3- gono, glabro, basi foliato ; foliis culmum sequantibus v. superantibus, rigidis, planis, margine scabris ; umbella composita, 6-8-radiata ; radiis apice brachiato-ramosis ; ramis (5-7) glabris, undique spicis ob- longo-lanceolatis compressiusculis 6-10-floris patentissimis obsitis spicasque referentibus divaricatas ; involucro 5-6-phyllo, longissimo ; rhacheola flexuosa, alternatim excavato-alata ; squamis ovatogellip- ticis, navieularibus, superne carinatis, sub apice brevissime mucronatis, 9—-11-nerviis, subcoriaceis,

pallidis, dorso ferrugineo-lineolatis ; achenio obovato, 3-angulari, apicato, nigro-castaneo, squama 9 2T2

320 FLORA VITIENSIS.

duplo 3-plove breviore.—C. canescens, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p. 355 (excl. syn. Rheede). C. (Pycreus) Ow huensis, Nees ab Esenb. in Meyen. Herb. C. racemosus, Wight in Wall. Cat. n. 3359 b.; Wight. Cyp. n. 39. C. pallidus, Willd. Herb. n. 1364. C. holciflorus, Presl in Rel. Heenk. vol. i. p.178. C. stupeus, Sol. in Forst. Prodr. n. 496 (sine descript.); et Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p- 209. Mariscus albescens, Gaud. in Freyc. It. Bot. p. 415. Cyperus parviflorus, Vahl, Enum. vol. ii. p.352. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, ** Davaira duna (dina ?).”—Island of Ovalau and Lado | (Storck ! n. 912). Also collected in the Hawaiian (Macre!), Tongan (Sir E. Home !), and Society Islands (Banks and Solander !).

2. C. strigosus, Linn. Spec. 69; Kunth, Enum. vol. ii. p. 87 ; culmo 3-angulari, glabro ; foliis culmo longioribus, planis, margine scabris ; umbella composita, oc-radiata ; radiis divaricatis, apice digitato-ramosis, 2-phyllis; ramis undique spicis linearibus compressiusculis 6—7-floris patentissimis dense obsitis ; involucro sub-10-phyllo, longissimo; squamis remotis, oblongis, carinato-naviculari- bus, sub apice obtuso instructis dentieulo mucronuliformi, obsolete nervosis, carina viridi, lateribus flavescentibus ; rhacheola alata; achenio oblongo, 3-angulari, apicato, punctulato-scabrato, squama vix dimidio breviore.—C. Michauxianus, Schult. Mant. vol. ii. p.123. C.odoratus, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 209 (et Forst. Prodr. n. 27 ?*).— Viti, locality not specified (Sir E. Home!). Also found in the Hawaiian (Barclay !), Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander !), and New Hebrides group (M‘Gillivray !).

There is no authentic specimen of Forster's C. odoratus at the British Museum.

Orvo CV. GRAMINEZE.

.

Major-General Munro not having published yet his list of Hawaiian grasses, which he has in hand, I am precluded from giving in this place a general summary of the Graminee of tropical Polynesia. The collective Vitian name for Grasses is “ Co ” (pronounced “ Tho”), also used for Weeds generally.

I. Andropogon, Linn. n. 1145, excl. sp.; Endl. Gen. n. 950. Spieulz 2-florz, flore inferiore neutro l-paleaceo, superiore hermaphrodito v. unisexuali, 2 v. 8, intermedia sessilis, fertilis, reliquae pedicellatze, steriles. Glume 2, tandem indurate, mutice. Pales 2, glumis breviores, inferior floris perfecti mutica v. in aristam producta, superior minor, mutica, quandoque 0. Squamule 2, truncate, plerumque glabre. Stamina 1-3. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Styli 2, terminales ; stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis intra glumas libera.—Gramina, rhachi spicata v. paniculata; spicis solitariis, conjugatis, fasciculatis v. paniculatis.

“Andropogon. Tana,” Forst. Prodr. n. 562, belongs to the section Heteropogon, and is most probably H. hirtus, Pers. H. polystachys, Schult. is found in the Sandwich Islands, (Macræ!); and Andropogon Vachellii, Nees, in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!) The Lemon grass, a species of Andropogon, which the natives term * Coboi,” is cultivated in the Islands.

l. A. refractus, R. Br. Prodr. vol. i. p. 202; Kunth. Enum. vol. i. p. 493; panicula spathis alternis; spicis conjugatis, submuticis, refractis; ligula membranacea, imberbi; glumis acuminatis, glabris.— A. Tahitense, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 71.—In sunny, dry places, Viti Levu, Lakeba, etc. (Seemann! n. 685). Also collected in Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

2.* A. aciculatus, Retz. Obs. fasc. v. p. 22; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 505; Willd. Sp. vol. iv. p. 906 (Rumph. vol. v. p. 13. t. 5. f. 1); panicula contracta, erecta ; pedunculis 3-floris ; fl. 3 binis, pedi-

ò FLORA VITIENSIS. ; 321

cellatis, acuminatis; fl. 9 sessili, aristato. (Retz.)—4. acicularis, Roem. et Schult. Syst. vol. ii. p. 812; Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 262. A. amethystinum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 346; Rheede, p.12. t. 48. A. Javanicum, Nees in Steud. Syn. Glum. vol. i. p. 396. Rhaphis trivialis, Lour. Coch. p. 676; Trin. Icon. p. 1. t. 8,9. Centrophorum Chinense, Trin. Fund. p. 106. t. 5. Chry- sopogon aciculatus, Trin. Fund. p. 188. C. trivialis, Nees in Nov. Act. xvi. 171.—In dry, sunny places, Vanua Levu, Lakeba, Ovalau (Seemann! n. 686). Also collected in the Society (Banks and Solander!), Hawaiian (Barclay! Macrae!), and Marquesas Islands (Barclay !), and in Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !).

II. Eulalia, Trin. (non Kth.); Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 420. Rhachis partialis inarticulatus, tenuis, subfiliformis. Spiculz pilis sericeis involucratze, alternatim gemine, 1-florz, flore inferiore neutro, l-paleaceo, superiore $. Glume 2, subsquales, mutice. Pales 2, glumis breviores, inferior floris d apice in aristam producta, superior mutica. Squamule 2, integre, glabre. Stamina 3. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Styli 2, terminales, elongati; stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis libera, elliptica, glabra.—Gramina erecta v. basi prostrata, foliis pl. min. lanceolato-linearibus, rhachi ramose racemosa, spiculis geminis, nunc altera sessili, nunc utraque pedicellata. ,

1. E. Japonica, Trin. Act. Petr. 1833, p. 332; culmo frutescente tereti simplici glabro (3-6- pedali); foliis lineari-filiformibus serratis glabris striatis ; costa media crassa; racemis subsemiverti- cillatis longissimis alternis; spiculis 2-linealibus omnibus pedicellatis; pedicello altero duplo breviore utroque glabro; glumis subzqualibus acutis glabris, pilis ad basin calycis glumas subsequalibus ; arista torta glumis paulo longiore.—E. densa, Munro in Seem. Bot. Herald, p. 434, Saccharum polydactylon, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 42 (1784). 5. densum, Nees ab Esenb. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1850. S. pregrande, Steud. Syn. Glum. vol. i. p. 408. S. floridulum, Labill. Austr. Cal. p. 13. t. 18. S. spontaneum, Forst. Prodr. n. 32. S. fatuum, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 213, et in Parkins. Drawings of Tahit. Plants (ined.), t. 9. — EriantAus floridulus, Schult. Mant.; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 479. E. Japonicum, Kunth, l.c. Ripidium Japonicum, Trin. Nomina vernac. Vitiensia, “ Gasau ” et ** Vitavita."—In swamps, Taviuni, Viti Levu, and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 691). Also colleeted in Tahiti (Banks and Solander! U. S. Expl. Exped!), Aneitum (M'Gilli- vray !), Samoa (U. S. Expl. Exp. !), Tonga (U.S. Expl. Exp. !), and New Caledonia.

This cane is used by the natives for arrows and for Yam sticks. The leaves make an excellent thatch for houses.

III. Saccharum, Linn. Gen. n. 73; Endl. Gen. n. 939. Spiculze 2-florze, basi sericeo-piloscw, flore inferiore neutro, 1-paleaceo, superiore 2. Glume 2, subsequales, muticz. Paleæ 3, minute, muticz, inequales. Squamulæ 2-3-lobe, interdum in tubum connate. Stamina 1-3. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Styli 2, terminales, elongati; stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis libera.—Gramina elata, ramosissime paniculata ; spiculis geminatis, altera sessili, altera pedicellata, omnibus fertilibus, basi articulatis.

l. S. officinarum, Linn. Sp. n. 79; panicula effusa; floribus 3-andris; glumis obsolete l-nerviis, dorso longissime pilosis.—Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 474. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, * Dovu."—Cultivated by natives and white settlers, and in some places apparently wild (Seemann !).

The Sugar-cane, called Dovu in Fijian, grows, as it were, wild in various parts of the group, and a purple variety, attaining sixteen feet high and a corresponding thickness, is cultivated to some extent. No foreigners have as yet set up mills, nor are the natives at present acquainted with the process of sugar-making; they merely chew the cane, and employ the juice for sweetening their puddings. The

* Sugar-cane is termed in Tahiti, Marquesas, Tonga, Raratonga, and Savage Island * To." In the Hawaiian

322 FLORA VITIENSIS. 2

group it is known by the name of “ Ko;" in Rotuma by that of * Thou ;" in Aneitum by that of * Nettoh ;" in New Caledonia by that of * Nti;" and in the Malayan Archipelago by that of “Tubbu.” The un- mixed Papuan races have names for the plant, in which the etymological root “To” cannot be recognized.

IV. Imperata, Cyrill, Icon. t. 11. Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 477. Spiculz 2, alterna sessilis, alterna pedicellata, omnes fertiles, basi articulate, 2-flore. ^ Glum:e 2, membranaceze, subsequales, mutiez, externe pilis longissimis sericeis obsite. Flos inferior 1-paleaceus, hyalinus ; flos superior hermaphroditus. Palee 2, minute, hyaline, mutica. Stamina 2. Ovarium glabrum. Styli 2, elongati. Stigmata plumosa. Squamule 0. Caryopsis libera (?).—Panicula contracta, spicæ- formis, cylindracea, spiculis externe pil. longios. seric. obsitis.

l. I. arundinacea, Cyrill, l. c.; Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. t. 7. fig. 2.—Saccharum cylindricum, Lam. Encycl. vol. i. p. 588. t. 40. fig. 2. Lagurus cylindricus, Linn. Spec. p. 120. Saccharum Thunbergii, Retz, Obs. fasc. v. p. 17. Imperata cylindrica, Beauv. Agrost. vol. vii. t. 5. fig. 1. Saccharum Kenigii, Retz. Obs. fasc. v. p. 16. Imperata Kenigii, Beauv. Agrost. p. 165. Saccharum spicatum, Burm. Herb. S. Sisca, Cav. Icon. vol. iii. t. 292.— Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. !). Also found in Aneitum, and Isle of Pines, off New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !) ;,and distributed over Southern Europe, Northern and Western Africa, the East Indies, and South America.

V. Eleusine, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 8. t. 1; Endl. Gen. n. 841. Spicule 2-6-flore, floribus. 2-stichis, omnibus $. Glumæ 2, carinate, muticæ, superior inferiorem amplectens. Palee 2, mutiez, inferior carinata, superior 2-carinata. Squamule 2, emarginato-2-lobe. Stamina 3. Ovarium sessile. Styli 2, terminales; stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis libera (epicarpio membranaceo, solubili).— Gramina annua, foliis planis; spicis digitato-fasciculatis; spiculis 1-lateralibus.

1, E. Indica, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 8. t. 1; Lam. Ill. vol. i. p. 203. t. 48. f. 3; Mich. Flor. vol. i. p. 64; Humb. Bpl. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. vol. i. p. 165 ; Trin. Icon, p. 6. t. 71; culmo compresso ; basi ramoso ; foliis glabris; ligula pilosa; spicis digitatis, strictis; spiculis sub-6-floris. (Kunth.)— Cynosurus Indicus, Linn. Sp. p. 106 (Rheede, p. 12. t. 69) ; Willd. Sp. vol. i. p. 417; Forst. Prod. n. 45. Panicum compressum, Forsk. Descr. p. 18 (teste Vahl, Symb. vol. ii. p. 21). Eleusine distans, Meench. Paspalum dissectum, Kniphof. Cent. p. 11. n. 74.—On roadsides, throughout Viti (See- mann! n. 683; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in the Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped. !), and Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.!), Tahiti (Banks aud Solander! Wiles and Smith D, Sandwich (Bar- clay! Macrae!), Tongan (Barclay! Sir E. Home!), New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !), Isles of Pines (M‘Gillivray !). ;

VI. Centotheca, Desv. Journ. Bot. vol. iii. p. 70; Endl. Gen. n. 877. Spicule 3-4-flore, compressze, floribus remotis 4 , summis 1-2 tabescentibus. Glumz 2, carinatze, muticee, subzequales. Pale: 2, inferior carinata, mutica, in flore superiore margine versus apicem tuberculata, tuberculis retrorsum setosis; superior brevior, 2-carinata. Squamule 2, sinuato-emarginate. Stamina 2-3, ovarii stipitulo inserta. Ovarium stipitatum, glabrum. Styli 2, terminales; stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis oblique ovata, compressiuscula, glabra.—Gramen erectum, simplex; paniculz simplicis ramis fasciculato-semiverticillatis, spiculis racemosis, pedicellatis.

1. C. lappacea, Desv. in Journ. de Bot. 1813, p. 70; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 366; Beauv. Agrost. p. 69. t. 14. f. 7; Kunth, Gram.+vol. i. p. 317. t. 70.— Cenchrus lappaceus, Linn. Spec. 1488; Willd. Spec. vol. i. p. 316. Poa latifolia, Forst. Prodr. p. 8. n. 44; Vahl, Symb. vol. ii. p. 18. Oplismenus ? Magellanicus, Roem. et Schult. Syst. vol. ii. p. 485. Holcus latifolius, Osb. It. p. 247; Linn. Spec. 1486; Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 937 (teste Trin.). Torresia? latifolia, Beauv. Agrost. p. 165. Hierochloa? latifolia, Kunth, Gram. vol. i. p. 21. Melica lappacea, Raspail. Uniola lappacea,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 323

Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. vol. i. p. 3538.— Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 684; Milne and M‘Gillivray!). Also collected in the Marquesas (Barclay !), Society (Banks and Solander! W. Anderson! Barclay!), Samoan (Sir E. Home!), Tongan (Barclay !), and New Hebrides group (Milne and M‘Gillivray !).

VII. Schizostachyum, Nees ab Esenb. in Agrost. Bras. p. 535 (1829) ; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xxvi. p. 135. Spicula utrinque v. deorsum tantum imperfecta, cylindrica, angusta, plerum- que elongata, fertilis supra glumas articulata, spiculis sterilibus plurimis stipata, plerumque 3-4- flora, flosculo 1 tantum fertili. Glume plurimee, fere omnes gemmipare, a spicula fertili remote. Palee omnes imbricatissime, 2-3 inferiores vacue, steriles, suprema v. penultima sola fertilis, genitalia arcte involvens. Palea superior (nisi in S. parvifolio) deest v. ad rudimentum minutum v. lineare redacta. Squamule nulle. Stamina 6, antheris obtusis. Stylus longus, ovarii rostro inclusus, stigmatibus 3 brevissimis. Caryopsis matura (in S. aculifloro tantum visa) oblonga, rugosa, obtusa, rostro brevi subito cuspidata.—Gramina arborea v. suffruticosa v. subscandentia, foliis nune latis nune angustis; inflorescentia variabili ; panieula nune ampla, decomposita (in S. acutifloro), nunc composita, nunc fere simplex, fasciculis interrupte spicatis.

There are two Bambusaceous plants in Viti, only one of which I was able to collect, and respectively termed “ Bitu ” and “ Bitu vatu ” by the natives.

1. S. glaucifolium, Munro, l. c. p. 137; ‘ culmo humili, 9-pedali;” panicula decomposita ; internodiis superioribus 4-3-2 poll. longis, striatis, asperiusculis ; ramulis floriferis brevibus, ad nodos fasciculatis, e capitulo denso, 1} poll. diam., ad quemque nodum sessili, erumpentibus ; ramis interrupte glomerato-spicatis; spiculis angustis, cylindricis, pallidis, omnibus sterilibus (in spec. viso); foliis latis, basi angustatis, petiolatis.—Bambusa glaucifolia, Rupr. iu Act. Acad. Caes. Petr. ser. vi. Sc. Nat. vol. iii. pt. 2. p. 147; Steud. Syn. Glum. vol. i.p.331. Bambos Arundo, Sol. Prim. Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 217. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, iti Levu, on banks of rivers (Seemann ! n. 694). Also collected in the Society (Wilkes !), Hawaiian (Wilkes Exped. !), Samoan (Wilkes Exped. !), and Marquesas Islands (Kyber !).

Stems used for rafts and torches.

VIII. Thouarea, Petit Th.; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 173. Spicule 2-flore. Flores sessiles, 2- paleacei, in spiculis 1-2 infer. cujuslibet spice superior (exterior) ¢; inferior (interior) d; in spiculis superioribus uterque d. Gluma superior (exterior) ovato-oblonga, concava, membranacea, floribus brevior; inferior (interior) 0. | Fl. 2: Paleze 2, subsequales, chartacee, mutice ; inferior concava, superiorem 2-nerviam amplectens. Stamina 3. Ovarium glabrum, inter stylos in acumen productum. Styli 2, terminales. Stigmata plumosa, pilis densis longis simplicibus. Squamule 2, carnos, truncato-subemarginate, glabrze. Caryopsis elliptica, glabra, haud sulcata, embryone parallele compressa, paleis inclusa. Fl. g: Paleæ 2, membranacez ; inferior ovata, acuta, superiorem 2.carinatam amplectens. Stamina 3. Squamule 2.— ulmi repentes, longissimi, ramis erectis brevibus indivisis foliatis; foliis planis ; spicis terminalibus solitariis brevibus, spiculis paucis unilate- ralibus uniseriatis sessilibus, rhachidibus non articulatis,

- *

]. T. involuta, R. Brown, Prodr. vol. i. p. 197 in adnot.; spica secunda mutica 4-flora invo- luta; receptaculo foliaceo concavo.—Ischemum involutum, Forst. Prodr. n. 385 et Icon. (ined.) t. 275.—Macuata coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. !), and Oneata (U. S. Expl. Exped. !). Also collected in the Society Islands (Forster!) and Tana (W. Anderson !).

324 FLORA VITIENSIS.

IX. Cenchrus, Linn. Gen. n. 1149; Endl. Gen. n. 783. Spicule 2-flore, flore inferiore ĝ v. neutro, superiore g, nunc 1, nunc 2 v. co, intra involucrum oo-fidum, extus setis stipatum, cum fructu induratum et deciduum congeste. Glum:e 2, ineequales, membranacee. Fl. 2: hermaphro- dito subconformis, interdum palez superioris et staminum abortu neuter. Fl. 3: Paleæ 2, subco- riacez, concave, inferior superiorem amplectens. Stamina 3. Squamule 0. Ovarium sessile. Styli 2, elongati, interdum basi subconnati; stigmata plumosa, pilis simplicibus, denticulatis. Caryopsis compressiuscula, intra paleas libera.— Gramina ut plurimum annua, culmis sepissime ramosis ; foliis planis; spicis terminalibus, simplicibus; spiculis sessilibus; rhachi continua.

l. C. anomoplexis, Labill. Austr. Cal. p. 14. t. 19; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 167; involucro sub-10-partito; laciniis subulatis, pilosis; denticulis ad apicem retrorsis, unica ceteris longiore; spiculis solitariis, ternis.— C. australis, var. foliis latioribus, Spreng. Cur. Post. 33.—In dry places, Ovalau (Seemann! n. 688). Also colleeted in New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray!), Pitcairn Island (Cuming !), and the Hawaiian (Macrae!), Tongan (Sir E. Home !), Samoan (U. S. Expl. Exped. !), and Society Islands (Banks and Solander !).

X. Oplismenus, Palis. Fl. Owar. vol. ii. p. 14; Endl. Gen. n. 778. Spicule 2-flore, flore inferiore 3 v. neutro, superiore hermaphrodito. Glume 2, inzequales, concavee v. subcarinatz, seepis- sime aristate. Fl. g: Pales 2, inferior aristata. Stamina 3, interdum palea superiore et stamini- bus abortivis neuter. Fl. ?: Paleæ 2, subsequales, inferior acuminata, mucronata, superiorem pari- nervem amplectens. Squamule 2, collaterales, truncate. Stamina 3. Ovarium sessile. Styli 2, terminales, elongati; stigmata plumosa, pilis simplicibus. Caryopsis intra paleas libera.—Gramina planifolia ; spiculis spicatis; spicis racemosis paniculatisve ; rhachi continua.—Orthopogon, R. Brown, Prodr. 194. Echinochloa, Palis. Agrost. p. 53. t. 11. fig. 2.

1. O. Burmanni, Palis. Agrost. p. 54; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 139; Humb. Bpl. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. vol. i. p. 106; culmis ramosis foliisque pubescentibus, ovatis; spicis subquinis; rhachi communi, partialibus glumisque pilosis, aristatis; flore neutro unipaleaceo.— Panicum Burmanni, Retz. Obs. 3. p. 10; Willd. Spec. vol. i. p. 339 (excl. syn. Ard.) ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 298; Trin. Ic. p. 17. t. 193. Panicum hirtellum, Linn. Ameen. Acad. vol. v. p. 391; Burm. Ind. p. 24. t. 12. f. 1. Orthopogon Burmanni, R. Brown, Prodr. vol. i. p. 194. Panicum bromoides, Lam. Ill. p. 170; ejusd. Encycl. vol. iv. 742 (Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. t. 5. f. 8). Panicum album, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. vol. iv. p. 274. O. albus, Roem. et Schult. Syst. vol. ii. p. 890. Echinochloa hirtella, Schult. Mant. vol. ii. p. 269. O. Humboldtianus, Nees ab Esenb. in Mart. Bras. vol. ii. p. 264; Presl in Rel. Henk. vol. i. p. 822. O. Brasiliensis, Raddi, Agrost. Bras. p. 400.

Var. 8; foliis purpurascentibus.—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “Co damudamu” (i.e. the red grass).— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 679). Var. y; foliis albo-striatis.—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 680).

Both these varieties are cultivated by the natives in the interior of Viti Levu, on account cf their pretty foliage, and they are sometimes seen naturalized, if not actually wild in that island.

2. O. compositus, Roem. et Schulj. Syst. vol. ii. p. 484; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 141; spicu- lis oc-floris; floribus geminis, hirsutis; glumis ambabus aristatis; exteriore parum majore; in- terioris arista abbreviata; flosculo neutro mucronulato; foliis lanceolatis.— Panicum compositum, Linn. Spec. p. 84; Willd. Spec. vol. i. p. 346 (Houtt. t. 96. f. 1); Trin. Ie. p. 16. t. 187. P. un-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 325

guinosum, Sol. Prim, Fl. Ins. Pacif. (ined.) p. 214. Orthopogon compositus, Brown, Prodr. vol. i. p. 194. Digitarie species, Willd. Enum. p. 91. Orthopoyon remotus, Trin. O. compositus, var. 2—5, Trin. Ic. p. 16. t. 189, 190.—Common throughout Viti (Seemann! n. 681). Also col- ,leeted in the Society (Banks and Solander! Forster!) and New Hebrides group em and M‘Gil- livray !), and at Easter Island (Forster !).

XI. Panicum, Linn. Gen. n. 76; Endl. Gen. n. 770. Spicule 2-flore, flore inferiore ¢ v. neutro, superiore d. Glume 2, inzquales, concave, mutice. Fl.4: Pales 2; stamina 3, inter- dum palea superiore et staminibus abortivis neuter. Fl. 3: Palew 2, subsequales, concave, inferior superiorem parinervem amplectens. Squamule 2, collaterales, dolabriformes v. truncato- 1-2-3- lobe. Stamina 3. Ovarium sessile. Styli 2, terminales, elongati; stigmata penicillata, pilis sim- plicibus denticulatis—Gramina planifolia; floribus spicatis paniculatisve; rhachi continua.—Digi- taria, Scop. Carn. vol. i. p. 52.

1. P. sanguinale, Linn. Spec. p. 84; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 82; Willd. Spec. vol. i. p. 342; Schreb. Gram. t. 16; Engl. Bot. t. 849; Flor. Dan. t. 388; Host. Gui p.2.1. 17; Tee, ic. p, 8. t. 93, 94; spicis digitatis: "erecto-patulis, subquaternis v. pluribus; foliis vaginisque subpilosis ; flosculis oblongis, margine pubescentibus. — Syntherisma vulgare, Schrad. Germ. vol. i. p. 161. Paspalum sanguinale, var. a, Lam.-Ill. vol. i. p.176; Cand. Gall. vol. iii. p. 16. Phalaris velutina, Forsk. Descr. p. 17 (teste Lam.). Digitaria sanguinalis, Scop. Carn. n. 72; Willd. Enum. p. 92. Dactylon sanguinale, Vill. Delph. vol. ii. p. 69. Digitaria marginata, Link, Hort. vol. i. p. 102. Panicum Linkianum, Kunth, Gram. vol. i. p. 883. Syntherisma precoz, Walt. Carol. p. 76 (ex Mich.). Digitaria precox, Willd. Enum. p. 91. Cynodon precor, Rom. et Schult. Syst. vol. ii. p. 412.— Common on roadsides in most Vitian islands (Seemann! n. 690; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in - the Tongan (Barclay! Home!), Marquesas (Barclay!), and Hawaiian Islands (Barclay !), as well as in the Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !).

2. P. trigonum, Retz. Obs. vol. iii. p. 9; Steud. Glum. vol. i. p. 91; culmo prostrato radi- cante folioso; foliis angustis glabris; panicula parva erecta, pedunculis raris parum flexuosis 2-floris ; glumis inzqualibus obtusis hispidis 1-floris; seminibus 3-gonis.— P. patens, Burm. Ind. t. 10. f. 2. P. pilipes, Nees ab Esenb.—Ovalau and Vanua Levu (Seemann! n. 698; U. S. Expl. Exped. !), Gau (M*Gillivray !). Also collected in Aneitum, New Hebrides, in salt marshes (M‘Gillivray !), in

Tonga (U. S. Expl. Exped.!) and the East Indies and Ceylon.

3. P. ambiguum, Trin. Mem. Petr.; Steud. Syn. Glum. vol. i. p. 61 ; culmo prostrato ramoso ; nodis puberulis; foliis lanceolato-linearibus glabriusculis, subtus minutissime pilosis; racemis (3) alternis interstitiis longioribus; spiculis 2 laxiuscule imbricatis fere bilinearibus ovato-lanceolatis acutis glabris; glumis 5-nerviis inferiore ovata acutissima flosculis i-i breviore; 4 obtuso aciculato tenuissime punctato.— Urochloa paspaloides, Presl, Reliq. Henk. vol. i. p. 318.—Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl Exped.!). Also collected in Tonga (U. S. Expl. Exped. !), and in Manila.

XII. Paspalum, Linn. Gen. n. 73; Endl. Gen. n. 761. Spicule 2-flore, cum pedicello articu- late, flore inferiore neutro, superiore 4. Gluma 1 v. rarissime 2, inferier minuta, superior ` (antica) florem neutrum æquans. Neutr.: Palea membranacea, mutica. F]. ¢: Palez 2, coriaceæ, muticæ, inferior concava, superiorem 2-nervem amplectens. Squamule 2, carnosc, breves. Ova- rium sessile. Styli 2, terminales; stigmata aspergilliformia, pilis subsimplicibus, denticulatis.

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 30, 1869.] - 20

326 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Caryopsis oblonga, compressiuscula, intra paleas induratas libera.— Gramina; rhachi spicata, con- tinua, spiculis unilateralibus.

1. P. scrobiculatum, Linn. Mant, vol. i. p. 39; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 53; Willd. Spec. vol. i. p.320; Flugge, Monogr. p. 86; Roxb. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 281; Trin. Ic. p. 12. t. 143; spicis paucioribus, alternis; rhachi plana, recta, spicularum latitudine; glumis subrotundis, obtusis, glabris; foliis superioribus nudis.

Var. Pedicellis in media rhachi 2-partitis; glumis 8-nerviis.— P. orbiculare, Forst. Prodr. n. 35; Brown, Prodr. vol. i. 188; Willd. Enum. p. 89. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “Co dina” us the genuine grass).—In meadows, Ovalau, Viti Levu, ete. (Seemann! n. 682), Gau (Milne aud M'Gillivray!). Also collected in the Tongan (Capt. Cook !), Society (Banks and Solander! Bar- clay !), and New Hebrides group (Milne! M‘Gillivray !).

This grass is much used by the natives for strewing the floors of their houses and public build- ings (bures).

XIII. Olyra, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 68. Spicule 4 et 2 in eadem panicula; hæ terminales 2-florz (flore infer. 1-paleaceo, neutro, glume simili) ; illze 1-floree; 4 glume 2, membra- naces, concayz, inferior acuminato-aristata; superior (rectius palea floris infer. flore super. aborti- ente?) 2-nervia. Palee 0. Stamina 3. Squamule 3, subcarnose, glabre. Fl. 9: Gluma 1 (altera infer. 0) membranacea, concava, acuminato-aristata. Palez floris 9 2, coriaces, paleis breviores ; inferior concava, superiorem parinerviam arcte involvens. Stamina 0. Ovarium glabrum. Stylus l. Stigmata 2, pilosa, pilis ramosis pubescentibus. Squamule 3, subcarnosz, glabre. Caryopsis glabra, libera, paleis inclusa. —Gramina foliis latis planis membranaceis nervosis; paniculis termina- libus, rarius axillaribus et depauperatis, simplicibus v. ramosis; spiculis cum pedicello articulatis.

1. O. micrantha, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. vol. i. 199; foliis oblongis angustato-acutatis, basi rotun- dato-subcordatis vaginisque glabris, margine glabris; panicula ramosa patula, inferne d, superne 9 ; ramis verticillatis ramulisque hirtello-pubescentibus; glumis 9 acuminato-subaristatis; hispidulo- scabris; paleis punctato-scrobiculatis.—Bua or Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. !). Also found in the Orinoco region, S. America.

XIV. Coix, Linn. Gen. n. 1043; Endl. Gen. n. 743. Flores moneeci, spicati; spicule 3, basi- lares, media sessilis 9, laterales pedicellatee neutree, involucro ovato apice perforato, demum lapi- descente incluse, 4 in spica v. panicula ex involucro exserta. Fl. g: Spicule 2-flore, flore utroque sessili. Glumæ 2, mutice, inferior planiuscula, marginibus carinato-alatis, superior 8-gono-concava. Palez 2, mutice, superior 2-carinata. Squamule 2, glabre. Stamina 3. Neutri: Spicule mi- nime, szepe ad pedicellum reductee. Fl. 9: Spicule 2-flore, flore inferiore neutro. Glume 2, car- nosz, concavee, muticz. Neutr.: Palea 1. Fl. 9 perf. Palez 2, carnosæ, superior 2-nervis. Squamule 0. Stamina effoeta, minuta. Ovarium sessile. Stylus 1; stigmata 2-3, elongata, pilosa. Cafyopsis subglobosa, demum intra involucrum libera.— Gramen annuum, ramosum, culmo farcto; foliis latiusculis planis, spicis fasciculatis, pedunculatis.— Lithagrostis, Grtn. Fruct. Vol, 1. p, 7, € T.

1. C. Lachryma, Linn. Spec. 1378; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 20; Rumph. p. 5. t. 75. £. 2; Rheede, p. 12. t. 70; Lam. Ill. t. 750; Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 202; culmo superne semitereti, obtuso; floribus nudis; fructibus ovatis.— C. arundinacea, Lam. Eucycl. vol. iii. p. 422. Lith-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 327

agrostis lachryma-Jobi, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 7. t. 1. f. 10. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “ Sila." —In swamps, Taviuni, and other Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 692; Sir E. Home!). Also collected in the Samoan (Wilkes !), Society (Wilkes !), and Tongan Islands (Forster !): Common in the East Indies.

XV. Zea, Linn. Gen. n. 1042; Endl. Gen. n. 742. Flores monoici, d' terminales racemosi, .$ axillares dense spicati, vaginis aphyllis involuti. Fl. 4: Spicule 2-florz, floribus 2 perfectis sessili- bus. Glumæ 2, concave, inferior 3-nervis, superior 2-nervis. Squamule 2, collaterales, glabre. Stamina 3. Fl.9: Spigule 2-floræ, flore inferiore neutro. Glume 2, latissime, inferior emargi- nato-subbiloba. Neutr.: Palee 2. Fl. 9 perf.: Palez 2-3, concave. Squamulæ et stamina 0. Ovarium sessile, obliquum. Stylus 1; stigmata 2, subulata, pubescentia. Caryopsis reniformis, glumis paleisque cincta.—Gramen annuum, culmo crasso farcto; foliis latis planis, ligula brevi ciliata, racemo masculo simplici vel basi subramoso; spiculis geminis pedicellatis; spicis femineis sessilibus; spiculis multiseriatis, per paria approximatis.

1. Z. Mays, Linn. Spec. n. 1378; Kunth, Enum. vol. i. p. 19; Lam, Ill. t. 749; Willd. Spec. vol. iv. p. 200; foliis integerrimis.—Zea vulgaris, Mill. Dict. Mays Zea, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 6. t. 1. f. 9; Cand. Gall. vol. 3. p. 98. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, “Sila ni papalagi” (i. e. the fo- reign Sila (Sila Coix Lachryma). “ Maize or Indian Corn” of the white settlers.—Cultivated by the white settlers.

At the time of my visit, only one kind of Indian Corn,—a small yellow-grained one,—was cultivated by the white settlers, the natives not having as yet taken to growing it. The native name, foreign Coiz Lachryma, is very expressive, because the Maize much resembles in look the indigenous grass with which they have compared it.

* Orpo CVI. LYCOPODIACEZ:.

Of the five genera comprising this Order, four are represented in Polynesia, but only three inViti, the

fourth, Tmesipteris, having as yet been found only in the New Hebrides, Norfolk Island, and New Hol-

land. Forster's specimen of T. Tunensis, Lab. (Osmundoides sp. nov., Forst.-Herb.), is at the British

Museum, without locality, and, as his * Prodromus" gives no clue, it is altogether doubtful where the specimen

s collected. Phylloglossum has not been found beyond the limits of New Zealand, New Holland, and asmania.

I. Lycopodium, Linn. Gen. n. 1185 (pro parte); Spring, Monogr. Lycop. vol. i. p. 17. Antheridia l-locularia. Oophoridia 0.— Plurima musciformia, foliis conformibus æquilateris, 8-16- raro 4-fariis, caule amorpho. Antheridia reniformia, subdidyma, raro transversim ovalia, rima transversali apice, raro prope basin, hiantia, indeque specie 2-valvia, pedicello capitato v. capillari brevissimo; gongylis (quaternis) subglobosis, facie contigua 4-quetris. Amenta v. 0 v. teretiuscula. —Ad. Brongn. Hist. Végét. Fossil. vol. ii. p. 2; Spring in Bot. Zeit. 1838, vol. i. p. 148; Endl. Gen. n. 696; Hook. Gen. Fil vol. ix. t. 88. Selago et Lycopodium, Dillen. Hist. Musc. pp. 435, 441. Plananthus et Lepidotis, Pal. Beauv. Prodr. ZEthéog. pp. 100, 101.

Besides the species represented in Viti, I have seen at the British Museum the following from tropical Polynesia, viz. 1. Z. verticillatum, Linn. (both varieties), from the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies!

Macrae!); and 2. L. venustulum, Qaud. (L. fastuosum, Sol. Fl. Ins. Pacif. ined. p. 373), from the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies!) and Tahiti (Banks and Solander !)

2v2

328 FLORA VITIENSIS.

l. L. squarrosum, Forst. Prodr. n. 479, non Lam.; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 36; caule æqualiter 2-3-dichotomo; divisionibus ultimis funiformi-elongatis; foliis elongatis subverticillatis rectangulari-patentibus lineari-lanceolatis subulato-acutissimis integerrimis planis, marginibus non revolutis, nervo supra prominente, parenchymate non carinato decurrentibus, subconformibus; fruc- tigeris basi ampliatis duplo minoribus; antheridiis cordatis.—Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 177, 400 (non FI. Ind. Occ.); Willd.! Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 27 ; Blume! Enum. Pl. Jav. vol. ii. p. 265; Hook. et Grev, Enum. Fil. n. 35 (excl. syn. Desv); Guill. Enum. Pl. Ins. Soc. p. 70. | L. Forsteri, Poir. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 554. Plananthus squarrosus, P. Beauv. Prodr. Aith. p. 112.—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 704). Also collected in Tahiti (Banks and Solander ! Forster ! Capt. Cook !), Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !), Tobie Island (Barclay !), Java, and Ceylon. -

2. L. carinatum, Desv. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 559; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 44; caule zequaliter 2—3-dichotomo ; divisionibus elongatis ; foliis elongatis subverticillatis senis et octonis, patulis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatissimis valde carinatis, margine non revolutis carina acuta decur- rentibus, sensim difformibus; fructigeris duplo minoribus demum uncinatis; antheridiis sparsis. —L. flagellaria, Bory! in Duperr. Voy. vol. i. p. 248, t. 26 (insufficiens); Hook. et Grev. Enum. Fil. n. 41 (excl. syn. Wall).—Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 701). Also found in New Ireland, New Guinea, and J ava.

3. L. Phlegmaria, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1564; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 47; caule flaccido sequaliter lineato 1-2-dichotomo; foliis majusculis verticillatis quaternis confertis ex ovato acumi- natissimis, basi cordatis subpedicellatis divergenti-patentibus integerrimis, margine revolutis, nervo supra lineatis, basi solutis; amentis longissimis tenuibus moniliformibus 3-4-dichotomis; bracteis antheridia subzequantibus obtusiusculis.— Lam. Enc. Bot. vol. iii. p. 646; Forst. Prodr. n. 478; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176; Lour. Fl. Coch. vol. ii. edit. Germ. p. 857 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 10; Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 281; Desv. Prodr. Fil. n. 24; Bory in Bélanger, Voy. Bot. vol. ii. p. 7; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. vol. ii. p. 261; Hook. et Grev. Enum. Fil. n. 58; Guill. Enum. Pl. Ins. Soc. p. 20. L. mirabile, Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 11; Desv. Prodr. Fil. n. 25; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 5; Bory in Duperr. Voy. Bot. Crypt. p. 244. L. australe, Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 11; Poir. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 541. L. myrtifolium, Forst. Prodr. n. 485? ; Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 181, 405 ; Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 12; Poir. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 542; '"N ees ab Esenb. in Act. And. Ces. N. C. vol. xi. p. l. t. 12. f. 1. Lepidotis Phlegmaria, Pal. Beauv.! Prodr. Aith. p. 110. Stachygynandrum myrtifolium, Pal. Beauv. Prodr. Æth. p. 113; Rheede, Hort. Mal. p. 12. t. 14; Breyn. Cent. t. 92; Dillen. Musc. t. 61 ; Turpin in Dict. Sc. Nat. Phlegmaria; Ad. Brongn. Hist. Végét. Fossil. vol. ii. t. 1. f. 3; Nees ab Esenb. l. c. —Ovalau, Matuku, and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 702, 703, Milne! M‘Gillivray! Harvey !). Also collected in Tobie Island (Barclay !), Tahiti (Nelson! Barclay ! Forster !), and Hawaiian Islands (Macrae!). Widely diffused over tropical parts of Africa, Asia, and

America. š

4. L. cernuum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1566; Spring, Monogr. Lycopod. n. 65; caule erecto ramosissimo, ramis conformibus; foliis subulatis incurvatis densis, a medio teretibus divergenti- patentibus, dorso sulcatis; amentis sessilibus cernuis, bracteis 8-fariis; antheridiis prope basin hiantibus.—Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 178; Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 30; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 15; Schlecht. Adumbr. p. 5; Presl, Reliq. Henk. vol. i. p. 80; Hook. et Grev. Enum, Fil. n. 34 (excl. syn, L. curvatum, Sw.) ; Spring in Bot. Zeit. 1838, vol.i. p. 163; in Fl. Bras. vol. i. p. 114. L.marianum, Willd. !, Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 31; Poir. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 546; Bory! in Duperr. Voy. Bot. Crypt. p. 246. L. curvatum, Blume!, Enum. Pl. Jav. vol. ii. p. 266; Gaud.! in Freye. Voy. Bot. p. 284 (non Swartz). L. Boryanum, Rich.! in Voy. de P Astrolabe, Bot. vol. ii. L. capit laceum, Willd. in Herb. L. bryifolium, Ventenat in Herb. Deless, L. Chameclinis, Mart. in Hort.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 329

Reg. Monac. 1829, p. 3. Nomen vernac. Vitiense, ** Leweninini sa."—Ovalau, Lakeba, Matuku, and most other Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 700, Milne and M‘Gillivray! Sir E. Home !). Also collected in the Hawaiian (Macrae! Barclay !), Society (Forster! Capt. Cook !), and New Hebrides Islands (M‘Gillivray and Milne!), and New Zealand and the Isle of Pines (Milne!). Common in the tropics of both hemispheres.

5. L. nummulariifolium, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. vol. ii. p. 263; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. vol. i. p. 68; caule pendulo, tenui, e foliis continue lineato 3—4-dichotomo ; foliis 4-fariis, oppositis, decus- satis, oblique affixis, horizontaliter concinnis, subrotundatis, subacutatis, subpedicellatis, pallide mar- ginatis, planis, subtus lineari-nervosis, nervo decurrente ; amentis tenuibus, 2—3-dichotomis ; bracteis minutis, uncinatis.—L. rotundifolium (Herb. Roxb.), Wall. Cat. n. 2183, Hook. et Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 212.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped. fide Brack.). Also collected in Eromanga (M‘Gillivray! in. Herb. Mus. Brit.), and in India and Java.

6. L. volubile, Forst. Prodr. n. 482; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 93; caule elongato volubili tenui distiche ramoso, ramis subcuueatis recurvatis- 6-7-dichotomis, ramulis elongatis complanatis ; foliis rameis dimorphis ; lateralibus biseriatis verticaliter affixis faleatis inzequilateris acuminatissimis mucronatis supra convexiusculis subtus nervosis; intermediis minutis, anticis biseriatis subulatis, posticis uniseriatis minimis mucroniformibus; amentis pedunculatis subpaniculato-dichotomis.—Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 180, 404; Willd.! Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 13; Poir. Enc. Bot. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 542; Hook. et Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 170; Guill. Enum. Pl. Ins. Soc. p. 20. L. D'Urvillei (?), Rich.! Fl. Nouv. Zél. p. 60 (non Bory).—Matuku (Milne!). Also found in the Society (Forster!) and Hawaiian Islands (Menzies !), New Zealand, and New Holland.

II. Selaginella, Spring in Regenb. Bot. Zeit. 1838, vol. i. p: 148; Monogr. Lycop. vol. ii. p. 52. Antheridia 1-locularia. Oophoridia 8—4-cocca.—Jungermannioidez v. filicoidex, foliis plerumque tetrastichis dimorphis, caule tetragono dorso aphyllo. Antheridia solenniter erecto- oblonga v. globosa, basi integra, apice hiantia specie bivalvia, minutissima, pedicello brevissimo capillari v. capitato; gongylis quaternariis e globoso tetraquetris. Oophoridia tumida, inzqualiter rumpentia, antheridia magnitudine nunc squantia iisque intermixta, nunc superantia et solitaria ad basin amentorum; globulis seminalibus (sporis majoribus) 4, raro 1-8, albis reticulatis. Amenta tetragona; bractez tetrastichze.—Spring in Mart. et Endl. Fl. Brasil. vol. i. p. 117; Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Berol. p. 158. Stachygynandrum, Ad. Brongn. Hist. Végét. Fossil. vol. ii. p. 2. t. 12. f.ll. Lycopodii sp., Linn. Gen. n. 1185; Endl. Gen. n. 696 (et auct. plurim.) Selaginoides et Lycopodioides, Dillen. Hist. Musc. pp. 460, 462. Selaginella, Gymnogynum, Dyplostachyum, et Stachygynandrum, Pal. Beauv. Prodr. Aithéog. pp. 101—105. ;

The British Museum Herbarium contains, besides the species represented in Viti, 1. S. Springii,

Spring, from the Hawaiian Islands (Menzies!), and 2. S. sp. nov., also from the Hawaiian Islands (Macrae !), The latter is a very distinct species, in outward look nearest to S. caulescens.

‘1, S. atro-viridis, Spring in Gaud. Bonit. mss.; Monogr. Lycop. n. 69; caule elongato sub- ancipite sursum in:equaliter quadrangulari zequaliter folioso dichotomo-deliquescente, ramis curvato- erectis elongato-cuneatis ; foliis inferioribus, cathedris superioribus synedris, lateralibus majusculis, posticis rectangularibus verticaliter affixis, lineari-oblongis obtusis subintegerrimis exauriculatis, supra bi- subtus specie trinerviis; intermediis 5-plo minoribus obovatis aristatis subcurvatis conver- gentibus basi exteriore productis.—Lycopodium atro-viride, Wall.! Cat. n. 120; Hook. et Grev.! Enum. Fil. n. 121; Icon. Fil. vol. ii. t. 39. ZL. cuspidatum, Hook. mss. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. ; Dillen. Hist. Muse. t. 66. f. 8?—Ovalau and Matuku (Milne and M‘Gillivray !) Also found in the East Indian Archipelago and India.

330 FLORA VITIENSIS.

2. S. Wallichii, Spring, Enum. Lycop. n. 75; Monogr. Lycop. n. 86; caule elongato inzequa- liter anguloso distiche ramoso; ramis cathedris subzqualibus eleganter pinnato-subpyramidatis ; ramulis simplicibus pulchre concinnis; foliis cathedris caulinis valde remotis, rameis lateralibus oblongo-lanceolatis faleatis acuminatis integerrimis quidquam erectis, basi superiore attenuatis media adnatis inferiore excisis, supra carinatis et e nervo sulcatis; intermediis 5—6-plo minoribus valde faleatis mucronatis integerrimis convergentibus, basi exteriore productis.—S. cyatheoides, Spring, Enum. Lycop. n. 76. S. Amboinensis, Spring, Enum. Lycop. n. 74. S. canaliculata, Spring in Reg. Bot. Zeit. 1838, vol. i. p. 201. S. pectinata, (8. acutissima, Presl, Bot. Bem. in Abh. d. Boehm. Gesch. d. Wiss. vol. iii. p. 583. Lycopodium Wallichii, Hook. et Grev. ! Enum. Fil. n. 106. L. elegans, Wallich !, Cat. n. 128. L. canaliculatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 184; Willd.! Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 43 (non Linn.).—Matuku and Ovalau (Seemann! n. 707, Milne and M‘Gillivray !), and Vanua Levu (Harvey!). Also collected in Eromanga (Milne !), Aneitum (Milne! M‘Gillivray !).

3. S. Menziesii, Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 125; caule radicante adscendente obtuse tetragono goniotropo pyramidato-ramoso ; ramis erectis confertis subdeliquescentibus; foliis cathedris undique dimorphis; lateralibus posticis horizontalibus erectis ovato-lanceolatis faleatis acutis muticis, margine superiore distincte serrulatis, basi ciliatis cordatis, superiore dilatatis, nervo supra obscure sulcato; intermediis 3-plo minoribus orbicularibus v. obovatis aristatis subfalcatis serrulatis obscure nervosis adpressis parallelis, basi cordatis productis, utrinque ciliatis—Lycopodium Menziesii, Hook. ! et Grev. Enum. Fil. n. 131; Hook.! et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 1841, p. 102. ZL. arbuscula, Hook. et Grev. ! Icon. Fil. t. 200 (non Kaulf.). L. flabellatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 483, non alior. (fide spec. in Herb. Mus. Brit.).— Common in most Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 705, 706, Harvey! Nov., 1855, Milne and M‘Gillivray!). Also collected in Aneitum (Milne! and M‘Gillivray !), Tahiti (Forster Barclay !), and Hawaiian Islands (Menzies! Macrae !).

4. S. ciliaris, Retz. Obs. vol. v. p. 32; Spring, Lycop. vol. ii. p. 233; caule flaccido, radicanti- repente, 4-angulari, pleurotropo, distiche ramoso, ramis erecto-patentibus 6-8-ramulosis; foliis remo- tiusculis, lateralibus anticis ovato-oblongis obtusiusculis muticis, basi et margine superiore ciliatis, basi subintegris, inferiore decurrentibus superiore dilatatis, intermediis 4-plo minoribus acuminatis- simis aristatis subfalcatis subciliolatis peltatis cordatis, apicibus secundis; bracteis dimorphis, cilia- tis; amentis non resupinatis.—L. proniflorum, Lam. Enc. Bot. vol. iil. p. 652. L. calystachyon, Hook. et Grev. En. Fil. Add. et Corr. in Bot. Misc. vol. iii. p. 108.— Mountains of the Macuata Coast of Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped. fide Brack.).

III, Psilotum, Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. pp. 109, 132; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. vol. ii. p. 268. Antheridia 3-locularia. Oophoridia 0.— Herb: perennes, swpissime epidendre. Caules subnudi compressi v. angulosi, dichotomo-furcati. Folia minima, squameformia, subulata, * fructifera breviora bifida. Antheridia sparsa, epiphylla, majuscula, polyspora, subtricocca, septicida, valvis semipartitis medio septiferis. Spore flavee, ovales v. elongato-reniformes, hyalino-pellucide, conglobatz, aqua asperse tarde convolvendz et fovillam minutissimam explodentes.—Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 187. t. 4. f. 5; Desv. Prodr. Fil. in Ann. Soc. Linn. par. vi. p. 192; Hook. et Grev. Enum. Fil, in Bot. Misc. vol. ii. p. 861; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 84; Bischoff, Bau der Crypt. Gew. t. 11. f. 13; Ad. Brongn. Hist. Végét. Fossil. vol. ii. t. 13. f. 1. Psilotum ex parte, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. vol. i. p. 164; Endl. Gen. n. 695. Bernhardia, Willd. Act. Acad. Erford. 1802, p. 11; Sp. PI. vol. v. p. 56. Bernhardia ex parte, Kaulf. Wesen d. Farrenkrauter, p. 26; Enum. Fil. p. 21. Hoff- mannia, Willd. in Usteri Mag. vol. vi. p. 17. Zpphia, Noronha. Tristeca, Pal. Beauv. Lycopodii sp. Linn. Lycopodioidis sp., Dillen.

FLORA VITIENSIS. 331

P. complanatum, Sw., has been gathered in the Society (Lay and Collie!) and the Hawaiian Islands (Barclay ! Hildebrand !), but as yet not in Viti.

1. P. triquetrum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 187; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 1; caule rigido basi triquetro apice multidiviso dichotomo, divisionibus ultimis flaccidioribus triquetris alatis marginibus subintegris; foliolis minutis subulatis patulis.—Nuttall, N. Amer. Plants, vol. ii. p. 248; R. Br.! Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. vol. i. p. 164; Desv. Prodr. Fil. in Ann. Soc. Linn. par. vi. p. 192; Hook. et Grev.! Enum. Fil. in Bot. Mise. vol. ii. p. 862; Spring in Endl. et Mart. Fl. Bras. vol. i. p. 133; Hook. et Arn. ! Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 102. P. floridanum, Mich. ! Fl. Amer. vol. ii. p. 281 ; Desv. Prodr. Fil. in Ann. Soc. Linn. par. vi. p. 192. P. dichotomum, Link! Fil. Spec. p. 160. Bernhardia dichotoma, Willd. in Act. Acad. Erford. 1802, p. 12; Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 56; Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. 1800, p. 132; Pursh, Amer. vol. ii. p. 655; Kaulf.! Enum. Fil p. 20. Bernhardia pedunculata, Desv.! in Herb. Juss. Hoffmannia aphylla, Willd. in Rem. et Usteri Bot. Mag. vol. vi p. 17. Ipphia poliquetra, Noronha in Aub. du Petit-Thouars Mélanges Bot. et Voy. 1811. Lycopodium nudum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1564; Lam. Enc. Bot. vol. iii. p. 649; Bory, Voy. vol. i. pp. 214, 283; Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. p. 86. Tristeca aristata, Pal. Beauv. in Herb. Deless. Buchozia furtiflora, Commers. in Herb. Mus. Par. Garsaultia minutiflora, Commers. in Herb. Pal. Beauv. (H. Deless.). Nom. trivial. * Napi-ouapi," incolarum Ins. Sandwich (Gaudichaud) ; Plum. Fil. Amer. t. 170. f. aa; Dillen. Hist. Musc. t. 64. f. 4; Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. t. 1658; Dict. Se. Nat. art. Bernhardia; Ad. Brongn. Végét. Fossil. vol. ii. t. 6. f. 1—Matuku, Viti Levu, and most other Vitian Islands, on trees (Seemann! n. 699, Barclay! Harvey! Milne and M‘Gil- livray !). Also collected in Aneitum (M-Gillivray !), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), the Hawaiian (Macrae! Barclay ! Seemann !) and Society Islands (Forster!). Common throughout tropical Asia, Africa, and America.

2. P. flaccidum, Wall. Cat. n. 45; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. n. 3; caule longissimo flaccido - -basi subtriquetro mox complanato latissimo pluries furcato-dichotomo ; ramulis cauli conformibus pro foliis vix denticulatis; foliolis subulatis valde remotis.—Hook. et Grev. Enum. Fil. p. 4. P. complanatum, Blume !, Enum. Pl. Jav. vol. ii. p. 272 (non Sw.). P. Pervillei, Decaisne in Herb, Mus. Par.—Ovalau and Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 698). Also found in Tahiti (Barclay !), Singapore, Java, and Madagascar.

Orpo CVII. FILICES.*

(Aucrore W. CARRUTHERS.) SusorDo I. GLEICHENIACEÆ.

I. Gleichenia, Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin, vol. v. p. 419; R. Brown, Prodr. p. 160. Spo- rangia sessilia, subglobosa, apici v. medio venæ superioris inserta, in soros subrotundos dorsales collecta. Indusium nullum. Nervi laciniarum indivisi v. furcati, ramis liberis.—Filices caudice repente, stipite exarticulato, frondibus dichotomis v. furcatis, subcoriaceis —Mertensia, Willd. Act. Holm. 1804, p. 165. Mesosorus, Hassk. Pugill. p. 2. — Calymella, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 48. Sti- cherus, Presl, l.c. p. 51. Dicranopteris, Bernb. Schrad. Neu Journ. vol. i. 1806, p. 38. Gleiche- niastrum, Presl, Stip. p. 30.

* T am indebted to Mr. John Smith for the list of Ferns published in ‘ Bonplandia, which has been of great assistance in working up the following account.—B. S.

$32 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Besides the species enumerated below, we have in tropical Polynesia—1. G. dicarpa, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 161, from Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray!), and New Caledonia (Vieillard, n. 1674). 2. G. circinata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 165 (G. semivestita, Lab. Sert. N. Cal. t. 11), from New Caledonia (Labillardiére). 3. G. pinnata (Mertensia pinnata, Kze. Annal. Pter. p. 6), from Sandwich Islands, (Macrae!). A speci- men from Thunberg in Herb. Mus. Brit. of his Polypodium glaucum, Fl. Jap. p. 338 (Mertensia glauca, Sw.), shows that Kunze’s species is a good one. The Japan plant is glabrous, with elliptic-oblong branches and oblong obtuse segments, while in G. pinnata the rachis is hirsute above, and is sparsely covered with dark scales below, the branches are lanceolate, and the segments linear obtuse. 4. G. flabellata, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 161, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! n. 19) and New Caledonia (Labillardiére; Vieillard, n. 1674). 5. G. Owhyhensis, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 9, from Sandwich Islands (Macrae!). To these should be added Stromatopteris moniliformis, Mett. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1861, p. 84, t. 3, New Caledonia (Vieillard, 1571).

1, G. flagellaris, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iv. p. 25; stipite rachibusque teretibus ; fronde dicho- tome ramosa, glaberrima, subtus pallidiore, subcoriaceo-membranacea; ramis apice pinnas gemi- natas gerentibus; pinnis elongato-lineari-acuminatis; pinnulis adnatis erecto-patentibus linearibus, obtusis, in rachi secundaria decurrentibus.— Mertensia flagellaris, Bory in Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 74.—Viti Levu (Milne !). Collected also in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray ! n. 66).

2. G. dichotoma, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 12; (G. Hermanni, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 161); rachibus semel pluriesve di- v. trichotome ramosis, teretibus ; ramis erecto-patentibus, apice et supra basin partitionum pinnas geminatas gerentibus; pinnis glabris, subtus glaucis, lanceolatis v. elon- gatis, acuminatis profunde pinnatipartitis; laciniis elongato-oblongis v. linearibus, integerrimis, ob- tusis, apice emarginato-incisis, basalibus externis plerumque elongatis v. pinnatifidis.— Filiz cal- maria, Rumph. Amb. vol. vi. p. 85. t. 38. Polypodium dichotomum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 338; Forst. Prodr. n. 450. Mertensia dichotoma, Willd. Act. Holm. 1804, p. 167; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 163. Viti Levu and Taviuni, (Seemann! n. 791; Harvey!). Also collected in Society Islands (Forster !), in - Sandwich Islands (Strickland! Macrae!), Eromanga (M‘Gillivray!), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !),

Tahiti (Nelson!), Wallis Island (Sir E. Home!), and Navigators’ Islands (Sir E. Home!). Also in the tropics of both hemispheres.

This is a widely distributed plant, and many of its local varieties have received distinct names. Among these must be reckoned Mertensia emarginata, Brack. U. 3. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 297. t. 42, which is chiefly distinguished from the normal form by the rachis and segments being covered beneath with a rusty tomentum, and by the segments having a distinct emargination.

Suzorpo Il. POLYPODIACEJZE, Tarsus I. CYATHEZ.

II. Cyathea, Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin, vol. v. p. 416; R. Brown, Prodr. p. 158. Sporangia in receptaculo subgloboso v. clavato, e venze bifurcatione v. medio orta sessilia, soros hemispheericos v. subglobosos formantia. Indusia receptaculo substrata, globosa, clausa, apice dehiscentia, ore demum exacte truncato v. magis minusve profunde partito.—Filices plerumque arborescentes, frondibus sim- plicibus pinnatis v. bipinnatis; nervis furcatis.—Spheropteris, Bernh. Schrad. Journ. vol. ii. 1801,

p. 122. Disphenia, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 55. Schizocena, J. Smith, Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 2 and 23. :

In addition to the species described below, the following have been found in tropical Polynesia :—1. C. Aneitense, Hook. Syn: Fil. p. 26, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! Milne!). 2. C. nigricans, Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. vol. i. p. 56, from Tahiti (Collie!). 3. C. Vieillardii, Mett. Ann. des Se. Nat. 1861, p. 82, from New Caledonia (Vieillard, n. 1629). 4. O. canaliculata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 282 (vix Willd.), from Tahiti (Brackenridge). 5. C. affinis, Sw. Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. p. 94 (Polypodium affine, Forst. Prodr. n. 455), from Pacific Islands (Forster). 6. C. extensa, Sw. l. c. p. 93 (Polypodium extensum, Forst. 1. c. n. 453), from Pacific Islands (Forster). The two last species have

FLORA VITIENSIS. 333

been the subject of so much error that we give a diagnosis of both from the original specimens now in Herb. Mus. Brit.

C. affinis, Sw. ]. e. (non Schk. Fil. p. 129, nec Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 27, nee Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 283) ; stipite glabro; frondibus bipinnatis, coriaceis, supra opaco-viridibus, infra pallidioribus, supra preter raches costasque sparse hirsutas glaberrimis, infra ad costam nervosque paleis albidis ciliatis squamulosis; pinnis subpetiolatis elongato-oblongis, acuminatis; pinnulis inferioribus subpetiolatis, supe- rioribus sessilibus, lineari-oblongis, acuminatis; segmentis subfalcatis, lineari-oblongis, acuminatis, crenatis, basibus solutis, aliis pinnatifidis, e basi ad mediam soriferis; nervis plerumque bifurcatis 2; soris in fur- caturam primariam insidentibus, coste adpressis; receptaculo globoso; indusio rigide membranaceo, per- sistente. -

C. extensa, Sw. l.c. (Schk. Fil. p. 127, Tab. 132, a-c); stipite rachique punctis asperis; frondibus bipinnatis, supra viridibus infra pallidioribus, supra preter raches costasque sparse hirsutas glaberrimis, infra ad costam nervosque paleis albidis magnis rotundato-ovatis ciliatis sparse instructis; pinnis sessili- bus oblongo-ovatis; pinnulis sessilibus, elongato-acuminatis; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, serratis, patenti- bus; nervis fureatis.—Forster's specimen consists of two barren pinne attached to the rachis. Dryan- ` der had referred two specimens from the Pacific Islands, collected by Forster, to Polypodium extensum, ` Forst., and on the authority of these specimens, R. Brown referred the species to Alsophila. These spe- cimens, however, belong to Alsophila lunulata, R. Brown, which can easily be distinguished from Forster's P. extensum by the larger size of the pinnz and pinnules, the much smaller serratures of the segments, confined ehiefly to the upper part, and the simple bullate scales on the costz. I have no means of deter-

mining whether the species belongs to Cyathea or Alsophila, and therefore let Swartz's name remain.

Amphicosmia Tahitensis, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 61. (Alsophila Tahitensis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped.

Filices, p. 288. t. 40. fig. 2), was found in Tahiti (Brackenridge). Hemitelia D’ Urvillei, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 160, from Tahiti (D'Urville, Chauvin, Vesco, Vieillard).

1. C. propinqua, Mett. Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. vol. i. p. 56; stipite semitereti, basi paleaceo, antice suleato tuberculato; frondibus subcoriaceis, supra lete, infra pallide viridibus, preter rhaches costasque supra adpresse ferrugineo-hirsutas glaberrimis; pinnis subpetiolatis elon- gato-oblongis; pinnulis oblongis acuminatis pinnatipartitis; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, subfalcatis, crenatis, basalibus externis minoribus; nervis tenuibus fureatis; soris inter costam et marginem zequi- distantibus; indusio globoso, irregulariter rumpente.— C. affinis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p.283. C. leucolepis, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 26 (in part). C. affinis, Hook. l.c. p. 27 (in part). —Vanua Levu (Harvey! Brackenridge). Also from the Soloman Islands (Milne!).

This is a well-marked species, easily distinguished from C. affinis, Sw., with which it has been con-

founded, by the form of the pinnz, the broader, more obtuse, and less coriaceous segments, and the brown pubescence of the rachis and costa on the upper side.

III. Alsophila, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 158. Sporangia in receptaculo globoso v. oblongo e ven: bifurcatione v. medio orta sessilia, soros sparsos seriatosve, interdum subconfluentes, formantia. Indusia e pilis squamisve laceris receptaculi.—Filices plerumque arborescentes, frondibus herbaceis, amplis, bipinnatifidis bipinnatisve, nervis furcatis v. simplicibus.— HaplopAlebia, Mart. Ic. Pl. Crypt. 64. Dicranophlebia, Mart. 1. c. 67. Chnoophora, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 250. Trichopteris, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 58. Gymnosphera, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 242. Dichorezia, Presl, Die Gefassb. p. 86. Lophosoria, Presl, l.c. p. 37. Amphidesmium, Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 1. Metazya, Presl, Tent.

Pter. p. 59.

In addition to the species described below, the following oceur in tropical Polynesia:—1. A. Samoensis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 287. t. 40, from the Samoan Islands (Brackenridge), and Louisiade Archipelago (M*Gillivray!). 2. A. decurrens, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 51, from Tahiti (D. Nel- son!), Aneitum (M'Gillivray !), Samoan Islands (Brackenridge), and New Caledonia (Vieillard). 8. A; Nove Caledonia, Mett. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1861, p. 82, from Kanala, New Caledonia (Vieillard, n. 1633). 4. A. Tahitensis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 288, from Tahiti (Brackenridge).

1. A.lunulata, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 158; Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 285, t. 39; [PUBLISHED OCTOBER 30, 1869.] 2x

* :

334 FLORA VITIENSIS.

stipitibus crassis, rachibusque asperis; frondibus amplis, subcoriaceis, glabris, bipinnatis ; pinnulis sessilibus, oblongo-lanceolatis, caudato-acuminatis, basi pinnatis, apice serratis ; segmentis lineari-ob- longis, faleatis, subacutis, serratis, sterilibus subbiseriatis; rachi supra tomentosa; costis subtus bullato-squamosis; venis prominulis, furcatis, parce setosis ; soris plurimis, costze quam margini propi- oribus, squam:ze destitutis.—Polypodium lunulatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 456.—Nomen vernac. Viti- ense, “ Balabala."— Viti Levu, Ovalau, Lakeba, and most of the larger islands (Seemann! n. 768; Milne! Brackenridge; M‘Gillivray! Harvey !). It has been also found in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Friendly Islands (G. Forster! D. Nelson !), and Samoan Islands (Brackenridge).

“The Balabala is common all over the group, especially on the weather side, and its trunk attains the height of about twenty-five feet, and eight or ten inches in thickness. The fronds form a magnificent crown of gigantic dimensions, rendering the plant a noble feature in the landscape. The trunks make excel- lent posts, lasting an ineredibly long time, and possessing moreover the advantage of being almost fire- proof. After a house has been burnt down, they are almost the only trace that remains. It is also custo- mary to make the ridge pole of houses and temples of this Tree-fern, and to surround it with the Wa- Kalou (holy creeper), a species of that curious genus of climbing Ferns, Lygodictyon,—partially no doubt from some superstitious notions, but partially also to keep out the wet. The trunks of the Balabala, cut into ornamental forms, are frequently observed around tombs, temples, churches, and bures, presenting a pretty effect. The little sticks which the chiefs carry, stuck under their turban, and with which they scratch their heads, are also made of Balabala. The young leaves are eaten in times of scarcity, while the soft scales covering the stipes of the fronds, are used for stuffing pillows and cushions by the white settlers in preference to feathers, because they do not become so heated, and are thus a real luxury in a sultry tro- pical night."— Seem.

2. A. Vitiensis, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rachibus partialibus subteretibus, supra sulcatis hirsutis, subtus sparse muricatis ; pinnis ovali-oblongis, acuminatis, supra opaco-viridibus, subtus pallidioribus ; pinnulis sessilibus, lanceolatis, pinnatifidis, apice serratis; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, serratis, suberecto-patentibus, preter costas subtus squamosas glaberrimis; squamis rufis, apice cilia- tis; nervis prominentibus, numerosis, trifurcatis, ramulis parallelis; soris in furcaturam secunda- riam insidentibus, coste quam margini propioribus, squame destitutis.— Viti, locality not specified (Sir E. Home !).

This species approaches A. lunulata, R. Brown, but is easily distinguished by the darker colour of the frond, the form of the segments, and the crowded parallel nerves with rufous, flat, ciliate scales.

3. A. truncata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 289. t. 41 3 stipitibus rachibusque com-. munibus subteretibus furfuraceis muricatis; frondibus tripinnatis coriaceis; pinnis oblongo-lanceo- latis, acuminatis; pinnis secundariis sessilibus, oblongis, obtusis v. acuminatis, pinnatis, apice brevi pinnatifidis; pinnulis petiolulatis, lineari-oblongis, obtusis, basi truncatis, margine reflexo repando- crenatis; rachibus partialibus costisque subtus squamosis; venis plerumque furcatis; soris axillari- bus inter costam et marginem zequidistantibus ; receptaculo vix elevato.— Viti (Brackenridge ; Milne! and M‘Gillivray !).

Trisus Il. DICKSONIJE.

Besides the species enumerated below, the following members of this tribe are found in tropical Polynesia:—1. Cibotium glaucum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 108 (excl. syn.) Sandwich Islands (Menzies! D. Nelson! Hildebrand! U.S. Expl. Exped.). According to A. Smith, this plant yields the “Pulu Hapu.” 2. ©. Chamissoi, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 230, Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Seemann! Barclay! Strickland!). 3. C. Menziesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 84, Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson! Macrae! U. S. Expl. Exped.). 4. Dennstedtia flaccida, Bernh. Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. p. 124 (Trichomanes flaccidum, Forst. Prodr. n. 472 ; Dicksonia flaccida, Sw. Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. p. 90), Pacific Islands (Forster!), Aneitum and Tana (M'Gillivray!). 5. D. Samoense, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p- 307 (Sitobolium (errore Sitolobium) Samoense, Brack.), Savaii, Samoan group (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 6. D. scandens, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 307 (Sitobolium scandens, Brack.), Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 7. Deparia

FLORA VITIENSIS. 335

LI

prolifera, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech, p. 108, Sandwich Islands (Barclay! Macrae! Strickland! See- mann! Hildebrand!). 8. D. Moorei, Hook. Journ. Bot. 1852, p. 55. t. 3 (Cionidium Moorei, T. Moore, Gard. Comp. p. 143), New Caledonia (C. Moore !).

IV. Dicksonia, L'Hérit. Sert. Angl. p.30. Sporangia apice nervorum imposita, soros globosos ' v. transverso-oblongos marginales formantia. Indusium duplex, externum membranaceum v. co- riaceum, cucullatum, e lobulo frondis reflexo, alterum equitans. Nervi laciniarum indivisi furcati v. pinnati, ramis liberis.—Filices caudice erecto v. repente sepissime arborescente, frondibus pinnatis, bipinnatis triplicato-pinnatisque.— Balantium, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 228. Culcita, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 135. Leptopleura, Presl, l. c. p. 186. Cystodium, J. Sm. in Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil.

t. 96.

l. D. Brackenridgii, Mett. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1861, p. 81, in not.; stipitibus rachibusque hirsutis; frondibus sterilibus tripinnatis, coriaceis, glabris; pinnis lineari-oblongis; pinnulis ob- longo- v. lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis, apice serratis; segmentis oblique oblongis, sub- acutis, serratis, rachibus secundariis supra fulvo-tomentosis; frondibus fertilibus minoribus, quadri- pinnatis, segmentis ultimis contractis, apice subcuspidiformibus, soris pedicellatis—D. Berteroana, Brack. (non Hook.) U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 277. D. thyrsopteroides, Mett.? l.c. p. 81.— Viti Levu and Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Milne!). Also found in Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

2. D. straminea, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. p. 7. t. 10; stipitibus glabris semiteretibus ; frondi- bus supra decompositis, flaccidis, glaberrimis; pinnis primariis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis, secun- dariis triangulatis, acuminatis, inzquilateralibus, basi bipinnatis, medio pinnatis, apice pinnatifidis v. grosse serratis; segmentis ovatis subpedicellatis ; soris parvis, sinubus dentium impositis.—Dick- sonia Torreyana, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 278. t. 38. Sitobolium stramineum, Brack. l.c. p. 273.—Taviuni (Seemann! n. 767; Sir E. Home!, U. 8. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (M‘Gilli- vray!), Vanua Levu (Harvey!). This species has also been found in Aneitum and Eromanga (M*Gillivray ! C. Moore! Milne!), and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

This species is very different from Davallia dubia, R. Brown (Dicksonia dubia, Gaud. and Hook.), in the form of the pinnz, and especially in the form and extent of the divisions in the segments. A few scattered long hairs occur in some specimens of D. straminea, but these are very different from the pubes- cence of D. dubia. The structure of the indusium makes our species an undoubted Dicksonia, while a care-

‘ful examination of R. Brown's specimens, and others from Dr. Von Müller, satisfy us that his species is rather a Davallia. But indeed the distinction between the two genera is very unsatisfactory, for morpho- logically the outer valve in Dicksonia is only the lobe of the segment, which is frequently cucullate in Microlepia; and the more or less induration of this lobe is scarcely sufficient to establish generic dis-

tinctions.

V. Humata, Cavan. Descr. Plant. p. 272. Sporangia in receptaculo terminali et verticali y. subterminali et obliquo imposita, soros rotundatos formantia. Indusia suborbicularia v. oblongo- reniformia, basi intus adherentia.—Filices rhizomate repente, hirsute squamoso ; frondibus coriaceis, simplicibus, pinnatifidis, pedato-pinnatifidis v. subternatis, venis simplicibus furcatis v. pinnatis, ramis liberis.—Pteroneuron, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 320. Pachypleuria, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 98. * Besides the species mentioned below, the following occur in tropieal Polynesia :—1. Z. pectinata, J. Smith, Hook. Journ. 1842, p. 425 (Davallia pectinata, Sm. Mem. Acad. Turin, vol. v. p. 415), from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! U. 8. Expl Exped.). 2. H. pusilla (Davallia pusilla, Mett. Ann. Se. Nat. 1861, p. 79), from New Caledonia (Vieillard) and Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 3. H. rigida, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Trichomanes rigidum, Sol. ms. in Herb.), from Ulaietea (Banks and Solander!). 4. H. multifida, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit., from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 5. H. emula, Carr., Davallia emula, Mett. Linnæa, 1869, p. 144, from Aneitum (Mʻ‘Gillivray ! n. 64).

1. H. heterophylla, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; A ample repente, squamoso ; fron- 2x2

336 FLORA VITIENSIS.

dibus petiolatis, glaberrimis, coriaceis, sterilibus ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, simplicibus, fer- tilibus lineari.lanceolatis, acuminatis, sinuato-pinnatifidis, segmentis curvatis; indusio reniformi, amplo.— Davallia heterophylla, Smith, Mém. de l'Acad. Turin, vol. v. p. 415. Humata pinnatifida, Cav. l.c. p. 273. Davallia pinnatifida, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 180.—Viti Levu, on trees (Seemann! n. 759; U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also Society and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. H. polypodioides, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 228. f. 32; rhizomate gracili, repente, ramoso, squamis filiformibus dense tecto ; frondibus stipitatis, coriaceis, triangulari-oblongis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis, basi cordatis; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, sterilibus apice dentatis infimis pinnatifidis v. margine inferiori lobatis, fertilibus crenato-dentatis; indusio suborbiculari.— Daval- lia sessilifolia, Bl., var. 8, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 89.— Direction Island and Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl.

Exped.).

3. H. Gaimardiana, J. Smith, in Hook. Journ. 1842, p. 425; rhizomate repente, squamoso ; stipite gracili, erecto, paleaceo; frondibus coriaceis, ovato-lanceolatis, pinnatifidis; segmentis lineari- oblongis obtusis v. acutis, infimis szpe auriculatis; venis furcatis, parallelis ; soris submarginalibus, obliquis.—JVephrodium Gaimardianum, Gaud. Voy. Freyc. Bot. p. 335. t. 12. f. 1 (1826). Da- vallia parallela, Wall. Cat. n. 251 (1828).— Viti (Milne!). Also from Sandwich Islands (Frey- cinet ; U. S. Expl. Exped.). :

4. H. serrata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 230; rhizomate repente, squamoso ; sti- pite setoso-paleaceo ; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, cordato-ovatis, sterilibus pinnatis, pinnis oblongo- ovatis, inciso-pinnatifidis, laciniis lineari-oblongis dentatis, fertilibus acuminatis, basi tripinnatis, superne bipinnatis; pinnis petiolatis; pinnulis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, inciso-serratis ; rachi costa- que marginatis; soris parvis, sinubus serraturarum insertis; indusio orbiculari, margine æquali.— Viti and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. H. botrychioides, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 231. t. 31; rhizomate repente, squamoso; stipite gracili, setoso-paleaceo; frondibus glabris, coriaceis, triangulari-ovatis, sterilibus pinnatis, pinnis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis inciso-pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis obtusis crenulatis, fertilibus bipinnatis, pinnis infimis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnulis linearibus lobato-crenatis ; costa marginata; venis incrassatis, furcatis ; indusijs coriaceis, reniformibus, crenulas zequantibus.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Milne!), and from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

VI. Acrophorus, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 93; T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. xci. Sporangia in recepta- culo ex apice v. rarissime furcatura venze orto imposita, soros globosos formantia. Indusia suborbicu- laria, basi intus adheerentia, raro confluentia.—Filices rhizomate repente, frondibus subcoriaceis, pin- natis v. decompositis, venis pinnato-furcatis v. dichotomis, ramis liberis.—Leucostegia, Presl, 1. c. p. 94, Odontoloma, J. Smith, Hook. Journ. 1842, p. 424.

l. A. Macraeanus, Carr. ms.; rhizomate longe repente, squamoso; stipite levi, angulato ; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis, pinnatis, pinnis plurimis alternis membranaceis glabris dimidiato-ob- longis obtusis, basi oblique truncato-cuneatis, margine inferiori integerrimo subcurvato, superiori crenato; soris rotundis, submarginalibus; indusio semi-orbiculari.—Davallia Macraeana, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 108. Odontoloma Macraeana, Bracks U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 226.— Viti (Seemann! n. 766). Also from Sandwich Islands (Macrae!), and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

Brackenridge rightly separates this from Davallia Boryana, Presl, which is a smaller and more deli- cate plant, with the pinne very different in form and in the cutting of the upper margin.

VII. Lindsza, Dryand. in Smith De Fil. Gen. Dors., Act. Turin. 1993, p. 413. Sporangia

FLORA VITIENSIS. 337

apicibus venarum imposita, in sorum continuum v. interruptum marginem frondis ambeuntem col- lecta. Receptaculum submarginale. Indusium membranaceum, lineare, continuum v. interruptum, margini frondis parallelum, extrorsum liberum.—Filices rhizomate repente, frondibus simplicibus, pinnatis v. bi-tripinnatis. Venis 1—4- v. flabellato-furcatis, venulis liberjs v. angulatim auastomosan- tibus, ad marginem receptaculo continuo v. interrupto unitis.—ScAizoloma, Gaud. Voy. de P Uranie, Bot. p. 378. Synaphlebium, J. Sm. in Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 101. 7soloma, J. Sm. in l.c. t. 102. Diellia, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 217.

Kaulfuss altered this name into Lindsaya (Enum. Fil. p. 218), a form adopted by some Continental and British authors.

The very different venation which characterizes the two groups included in this genus, would be suffi- ciently important to raise these groups to generic value, if it were constant. I have, however, noticed fronds proceeding from the same rhizome in Synaphlebium pulchrum, Brack., having both forms of venation, and specimens of S. Pickeringii, Brack., from Viti, accord in every respect with Brackenridge’s figures and descriptions, except that they want the single transverse venule uniting the venules of some of the lobes of the pinnule, and on account of which he refers his species to Synaphlebium. Mettenius has observed the same inconstancy in this character in his Z. blanda (Linnea, 1869, p. 81), from Java, the venules of which he describes as free, rarely anastomosing.

In addition to the species mentioned below, the following have been observed in tropieal Polynesia :— 1. L. linearis, Sw. Syn. Fil., from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 2. L. nervosa, Mett. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1861, p. 62, from New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! Vieillard). 3. L. elongata, Labill. Sert. Aust. Cal. i. p. 6, from New Caledonia (Sinclair! Labillardiére, Vieillard !) and Isle of Pines (Milne!) 4. L. retusa, Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. p. 105, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 5. L. microphylla, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 120, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 6. L. alutacea, Mett. Ann. des Se. Nat. 1861, p. 63, from New Caledonia (Vieil- lard). 7. L. M'Gillivrayi, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit., frondibus amplis bipinnatis; pinnis suboppo- sitis, inferioribus elongatis lineari-lanceolatis, superioribus decrescentibus ; pinnulis numerosis pedicellatis, dimidiato-subrhomboideis, margine superiore et antico minute denticulatis; venulis 1—3-furcatis, liberis ; soris omnino marginalibus superiore et antico continuis, indusio membranaceo lineari marginali. From the interior of New Caledonia (M'Gillivray ; n. F. 16). 8. ZL. erecta, Mann, Proc. Am. Acad. Se. 1867, p. 214, from the Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand ! U. S. Expl. Exped. Brigham and Mann). 9. L. falcata, Mann, l. c., from Sandwich Islands Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped.). 10. Z. pumila, Mann, l. c. (non Klotzsch), from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped.). .

l. L. Billardieri, Carr. ms. ; rhizomate brevi, repente, stipitibus tetragonis, stramineo-croceis ; frondibus erectis, glabris, lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis remotis, petiolulatis, suboppositis, erecto- patentibus, lineari-ensiformibus, obtusis, margine integerrimis, basi cuneatis; costa centrali, venulis angulatim anastomosantibus ; soris continuis ; indusio inframarginali.—ScAizoloma Billardieri, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 380. t. 17. S. Agatii, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 216. pl. 30. f. 1. — Viti (Seemann! n. 763; U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2, L. Pickeringii, Mett. Linnza, 1869, p. 81; rhizomate elongato, gracillimo, repente, ramoso, paleis mox denudato . stipitibus stramineo-croceis, tetragonis, antice sulcatis; frondibus lineari-acu- minatis, pinnatis; pinnis plurimis, subalternis, dimidiato-oblongis, obtusis, margine superiore lobatis, inferiore integerrimis, basi truncato-cuneatis; venis paucis, venulis angulatim anastomosantibus v. liberis; soris in apice v. in anastonrosi venularum impositis, indusio reniformi v. oblongo, margine breviore.—Synaphlebium Pickeringii, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 223, pl. 30.— Viti (See- mann! n. 765). Also from Savaii, Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. L. pulchra, Carr. mss.; rhizomate elongato, gracili, repente, squamoso ; stipitibus tetra- gonis, stramineis, basi sparse squamosis; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis, patentibus, breviter petiolatis, dimidiato-oblongis, obtusis, margine superiore et antico lobatis, infe- riore costiformibus sursum curvatis, basi truncato-cuneatis ; venulis angulatim anastomosantibus, raro liberis; soris elongatis, indusio membranaceo, inframarginali.— SynapAlebium pulchrum, Brack. U. S. Expl Exped. Filices, p. 223. L. stolonifera, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 81.—Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! n. 18 and 32).

338 FLORA VITIENSIS.

4, L. Harveyi, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rhizomate czespitoso ; stipitibus stramineis, tetra- gonis ; frondibus pinnatis v. bipinnatis; pinnulis amplis, alternis, dimidiato-oblongis, apice obtusis v. truncatis, basi truncatis, margine superiore et antico lobatis, inferiore integerrimis, costatis ; venulis angulatim anastomosantibus ; soris elongatis v. linearibus, indusio membranaceo inframargi- nali.—Viti (Seemann! 764 in part, Harvey !). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! n. 4).

5. L. Seemanni, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rhizomate repente, squamoso; stipitibus elon- gatis, semiteretibus, basi sparse squamosis ; frondibus bipinnatis; pinnis adscendentibus, linearibus, acuminatissimis, inferioribus bifurcatis; pinnulis erecto-patentibus, alternis subpetiolatis, dimidiato- oblongo-triangulatis, basi truncatis, margine subintegris; venulis angulatim anastomosantibus; soris continuis v. subinterruptis, indusio membranaceo, marginali.— Viti (Seemann! n. 764 in part). Ovalau (M‘Gillivray! n. 1). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

VIII. Davallia, Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin, vol. v. p. 414. t. 9. f. 6. Sporangia in recepta- culo marginali apicibus venarum imposita, soros subrotundos v. oblongos formantia. Indusium ven: continuum, marginibus adnatum, vertice extrorsum liberum.—Filices rhizomate repente, frondi- bus simplicibus pinnatis v. decompositis, venis furcatis v. pinnatis, ramis liberis.— JVibelia, Bernh. Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. p. 122. — Stenolobus, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 129. Prosaptia, Presl, l. c. p. 165. Odontosoria, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 325. Scyphularia, Fée, l. c. p. 324. Stenoloma, Fée, 1. c. p.930. Loxoscaphe, T. Moore, Hook. Journ. 1853, p. 227.

In addition to the species recorded below, the following have been found in tropical Polynesia :—1. JD. Emersoni, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 105 (Prosaptia Emersoni, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 166), from Tahiti, Society and Samoan Islands (U.S. Expl. Exped.). 2. D. Moorei, Hook., 2nd Cent. of Ferns, t. 53, from New Caledonia (C. Moore!). 3. D. pallida, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 142 (D. Mooreana, Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1869, non D. Moorei, Hook.), from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 4. D. Tahitensis, Brack. U.S. Expl. . Exped. Filiees, p. 245, from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 5. D. leptocarpa, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 143, Aneitum (M*Gillivray !).

l. D. contigua, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 130, 339; frondibus coriaceis, czespitosis, subsessilibus, lineari-lanceolatis, profunde pinnatifidis ; segmentis linearibus, obtusis, apice dentatis, soriferis; in- dusio marginali, gibboso, a cuticula vix modificata formato.—Trichomanes contiguum, Forst. Prodr. n. 463. Prosaptia contigua, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 166.— Viti (Seemann! n. 722; U. S. Expl. Exped.), Ovalau (M‘Gillivray!). Also from New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! U.S. Expl. Exped.), Huahine (Capt. Cook, 1775 !), and Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). . i

2. D. pycnocarpa, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 242, t. 35. figs. 1 and 2; rhizomate repente, crinito-paleaceo; stipitibus nudis, semiteretibus; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, late ovatis, acuminatis, quinatis v. pinnatis; pinnis suboppositis, lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, infimis bi- v. ternatis, sterilibus serratis, basi æquilateralibus acutis, fertilibus dentatis; venis simplicibus v. fur- catis, immersis; indusio tubuloso, apice truncato, submarginali.—D. pentaphylla, Brack. (non Blume), U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 241.—Matuku (M'Gillivray!), Ovalau, and Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Aneitum and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !).

This species is certainly different from D. pentaphylla, Blume, and may be distinguished at once by the greater number of the divisions of the frond, the bi- or ternate lower pinnæ, and the obvious veins. We can see no reason for separating the two forms described by Brackenridge as distinct. A large series collected by M‘Gillivray shows that the characters on which he depends are not constant.

3. D. solida, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 132, 375; rhizomate valido, repente, paleis brunneis dense imbricatis vestito; stipitibus nudis, levibus, erectis, semiteretibus; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, tra-

FLORA VITIENSIS. 339

peziformibus, tri- subquadripinnatis ; pinnis acuminatis; pinnulis acutis v. acuminatis, inferioribus pinnatis v. pinnatifidis, segmentis in apicem obtusum dentatum confluentibus, ultimis oblongo-lan- ceolatis in apicem crenato-serratim confluentibus; indusio lineari v. lineari-oblongo, apice truncato. — Trichomanes solidum, Forst. Prodr. n. 475.—Vanua Levu (Harvey!). Also from Wallis’s Island

(Sir E. Home!), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! Menzies! Barclay!), Raiatea (G. Ben-

nett!), Tana (M‘Gillivray !), and New Ireland (G. Barclay !)..

4. D. F'ejeensis, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 166. t. 55 n ; rhizomate valido, repente, paleis brunneis laceris imbricatis tecto; stipitibus subteretibus, hinc sulcatis; frondibus coriaceis, late ovatis, acu- minatis, pinnato-decompositis; pinnulis oblongis, acutis, pinnatipartitis, segmentis angusto-lineari- bus, simplicibus v. bifidis; indusio lineari, apice truncato, in apicem segmentorum immersis.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 758; Harvey! Sir E. Home! Milne! Barclay !).

5. D. epiphylla, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 134, 352 ; rhizomate valido, repente, paleis fulvo-brunneis imbricatis tecto; stipitibus semiteretibus, hinc sulcatis; frondibus coriaceis, late ovatis, acuminatis, pinnato-decompositis; pinnis alternatis; pinnulis lanceolatis, acuminatis, ultimis ovato-acuminatis, iu apicem elongatum crenato-serratim confluentibus; indusio oblongo, apice acuto, libero, in segmen- tum immerso; alis segmenti in dentem acutum productis.— Trichomanes epiphyllum, Vorst. Prodr. n. 471. T. elatum, Forst, Prodr. n. 472. Davallia elata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 131.—Viti (Seemann ! n. 761; Milne!). Also from Tahiti (Banks and Solander !).

Forster's specimen of his Trichomanes elatum in Herb. Mus. Brit. is an almost barren specimen of this species, as was determined by Sir W. J. Hooker (Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 166). The species is very different from Davaliia elegans, Sw., with which it has been lately confounded (Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 95). We have

seen no specimens of D. elegans from Polynesia.

6. D. Chinensis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 133; rhizomate subrepente; stipitibus erectis, semitereti- bus; frondibus ovatis, acuminatis, quadripinnatifidis, subcoriaceis, glaberrimis; pinnis primariis in- fimis ovato-lanceolatis; pinnulis lanceolatis, inciso-pinnatis; laciniis cuneiformibus, obtusis, apice soriferis; indusio terminali; soris singulis v. geminis.— Trichomanes Chinensis Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 1099; Osbeck, Ostind. Resa, p. 222. tab. 6. Adiantum nigrum Chinense etc., Pluken. Almag. p. 10. tab. 4. f. 1. Adiantum tenuifolium, Lam. Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 44. Davallia tenuifolia, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 133. — Microlepia tenuifolia, Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. p. 104. — Lindsea tenuifolia, Mett. Ann. des Se. Nat. 1861, p. 64. Adiantum Chusanum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 1095. Davallia Chusana, Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 475. Trichomanes cuneiforme, Vorst. Prodr. n. 469. Davallia cuneiformis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p.133. Davallia didyma, Hedw. fide Swartz.—Viti Levu and Kadavu (Greeffe!). Also from Sandwich Islands (Menzies! D. Nelson! Barclay ! Strickland ! Hillebrand !), and Aneitum (Milne! M‘Gillivray! C. Moore !).

This is a widely distributed species, having been found in China by Osbeck, Lind, Staunton, Fortune, and others, in Java by Horsefield, in India by Wallieh, in Ceylon by Moon and Thwaites, in Madagascar by Thomson and Helsenberg, in Mauritius by Sir J. M‘Gregor, and in Bourbon by Hardwick. It is a different plant from Forsters Adiantum clavatum, Prodr. n. 459 (Davallia Forsteri, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit.), a species from Dusky Bay, New Zealand, which has been overlooked by recent botanists. .

Var. 8. didyma (Trichomanes didymum, Sol. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit. and Prim. Fl. Ins. Oc. Pacif. (ined.) p. 369. Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Collie! Barclay!). This is a very different-looking plant from the normal form, having long narrow segments and smaller indusia; but there are so many intermediate specimens that we can consider it as only a marked variety. "

7. D. gibberosa, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 134; frondibus subcoriaceo-herbaceis, late ovatis, acumina- tis, 4-pinnatis; pinnis primariis triangulato- v. ovato-lanceolatis tenui-acuminatis, secundariis trian- gulato-lanceolatis acutis, tertiariis ovatis obtusis ; segmentis linearibus; soris copiosis; indusio soli- tario suburceolato, ad marginem interiorem infra apicem oblique sito.— Trichomanes gibberosum,

€ 4

340 " FLORA VITIENSIS.

Forst. Prodr. n. 470. Loxzoscaphe gibberosa, T. Moore in Hook. Journ. 1853, p. 227. Davallia feeniculacea, Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, tab.'54.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 761; Milne !), Ovalau, on trunks of trees in mountain woods (M‘Gillivray!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! Barclay !), and Pitcairn Island (Herb. Mus. Brit. !).

8. D. ferulacea, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 294; fhizomate subcespitoso, horizontali; stipitibus - erectis, subteretibus; frondibus ovatis, acuminatis, quadripinnatis v. decompositis ; pinnis ovato-lan- ceolatis; laciniis omnibus ahgustissimis, lineari-spathulatis, obtusis, plerisque soriferis; soris termi- nalibus; indusio oblongo-lingulato, segmentis angustiore.— Davallia trichomanoides, Hook. (non Blume) Second Cent. Ferns, tab. 64.—Wooded mountains, Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 762; Milne !) Buke Levu, 4000 feet, Kadavu (Greffe !).

This species was inadvertently named D. feniculacea in Bonplandia, vol. ix. p. 261.

9. D. Denhami, Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, tab. 47; rhizomate repente, subulato-pale- aceo; stipitibus semiteretibus, castaneis, parte inferiore sparse paleaceis; frondibus subchartaceis, elongato-ovatis, acuminatis, bipinnatis ; pinnis subpetiolatis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, remotis ; pinnulis lineari-lanceolatis, obtusis, subpinnatifidis, basi sessilibus, subdecurrentibus, laciniis brevissimis 1-

bidentatis monosoris; indusio pyriformi, parte superiore libera elongata.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 754; Milne !).

10. D. pinnata, Cav. Descr. Plant. p. 277 ; rhizomate repente, fibrilloso; stipitibus coriaceis, nudis, erectis, semiteretibus; frondibus lineari-oblongis, obtusis, pinnatis; pinnis linearibus, crenato- dentatis; venis furcatis, apice rami anterioris soriferis ; indusio semiorbiculato, herbaceo, margine superiore late rotundato.—Saccoloma pinnatum, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 126.—Viti (Seemann! n. 755; Harvey !).

11. D. Lapeyrousii, Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, tab. 56; rhizomate brevi repente; stipitibus brevibus, aggregatis ; frondibus herbaceis, lanceolatis, pinnatis, basi angustatis; pinnis numerosis, horizontalibus, semiovatis, faleatis, parte inferiore integra, superiore profunde pinnatifida; laciniis anguste cuneatis, apice truncatis; venis simplicibus v. furcatis; soris infra apicem sitis; indusio reniformi-oblongo, membranaceo.—Lindsaya Lapeyrousii, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 106.—Viti Levu (Milne!). Also from Vanikola or Pitt's Island (C. Moore).

IX. Microlepia, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 124. Sporangia in receptaculo intramarginali apici- bus v. furcatulis venarum imposita, soros rotundatos v. transverse oblongos formantia. Indusia membranacea, semiorbicularia, basi et lateribus adherentia, apice libero truncata v. rotundata.— Filices rhizomate repente v. cæspitoso, frondibus pinnatis bipinnatis v. decompositis, venis simplici- bus furcatis v. pinnatis, ramis liberis.— Scyphofiliz, Thouars, Gen. Madagase. n. 2. Saccoloma, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 224. Neuropteris, Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. vol. v. p. 292.

Besides the species mentioned below, there occur in tropical Polynesia:—1. M. hirt», Presl, Tent.

Pter., from the Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Barclay ! Hillebrand ! Seemann D. 2. M.sco-

paria, Carr. ms. (Lindsea scoparia, Mett. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1861, p. 64), from New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray ! Vieillard).

l. M. Spelunce, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 93; rhizomate repente; frondibus membranaceis, flaccidis, hirsutis, ovatis v. deltoideis, tri- v. quadripinnatifidis; pinnis inferioribus ovato-lanceolatis ; pinnulis lanceolatis, obtusis; laciniis rhombeo-ovatis, obtusis, inciso-lobatis ; soris inframarginalibus ; indusio glabro v. hispido.— Polypodium Spelunce, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 1093. Davallia Spelunce, Baker in Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 100. Polypodium nudum, Forst. Prodr. n. 446. Dicksonia polypo-

FLORA VITIENSIS. = 341

divides, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 187 et 356. Davallia polypodioides, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 10. D. flaccida, R. Brown, Prodr. p. 157.— Viti Levu (Seemann! n. 751; Milne! Greeffe!), Vanua Levu (Harvey !), and Gau (M‘Gillivray!). Also from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand!), New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !), and Navigator Islands (Sir Spon !).

2. M. papillosa, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 237. pl. 34; rhizomate erecto; stipiti- bus lævibus, rigidis, semiteretibus, cæspitosis; frondibus coriaceis, sspe papillosis, bi- tripinnatis ; pinnis primariis et secundariis inferioribus distantibus, petiolatis, subrhombeo-lanceolatis, acumina- tis; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, infimis pinnatifidis, apicem versus inciso-serratis, segmentis lanceolatis, margine dentato-serratis; soris juxta marginem inferiorem dentium impositis; in- dusio semi-oblongo, apice subdentato.— Viti (Seemann! n. 753), Sandalwood Bay, Vanua Levu (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. M. campylura, Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 1850, p. 132; rhizomate repente; frondibus magnis, subcoriaceis, tripinnatis, nitidis; pinnis primariis et secundariis alternis; pinnulis ovato- v. oblongo- lanceol:tis, acutis v. acuminatis, basi oblique cuneatis, pinnatifidis v. inciso-serratis; laciniis ob- longis, dentatis; soris parvis, singulis juxta apicem dentis primarii v. basim dentis axillaris insertis ; indusio subscarioso, semi-cyathiformi, apice truncato.— Davallia inequalis, var. y. minor, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 180. t. 58 a; Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 235. t. 33.—Matuku (Milne and M'Gillivray ). Also from Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

4. M. tenuis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 236 ; rhizomate repente; stipitibus levi- bus, teretibus, hine suleatis; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, tri- pinnatis; pinnis primariis et secundariis alternis, petiolatis, distantibus, apice caudato-acuminatis serratisque; pinnulis subrhombeo-oblongis, acutis, inciso-serratis, basi cuneatis; laciniis lineari- oblongis, obtusis, bi-tridentatis; nervis utrinque prominulis; soris parvis singulis juxta basim ue ; indusio scarioso, oblongo, basi attenuato,— Frequent throughout Viti (Milne! U. S. Expl.

xped.). :

Trisus III. HYMENOPHYLLEZ.

X. Hymenophyllum, Smith, Mem. Acad. Turin. vol. v. p. 418. t. 9. f. 8. Sporangia circa venam ultra frondis marginem in receptaculum subelavatum productam sessilia, indusio frondi continuo bivalvi cincta.—Filicule tenelle, rhizomate repente filiformi, frondibus pellucido-mem- branaceis, simplicibus, lobatis, pinnatis v. decompgsito-pinnatifidis ; vemis furcatis, ramis liberis.— Leptocionium, etc. Presl, Hymenoph. in Abhandl. d. Kón. Bóhmischen Gesellsch. 1845, p. 118.

Besides the species described below, the following have been observed in tropical Polvnesia :—1. H. obtusum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 109, from Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Strickland!). 2. H. lanceolatum, Hook. et Arn. l. c., Sandwich Islands (Strickland!). 8. H. recurvum, Gaud. ‘Freycinet. Voy. Bot. p. 576, from Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Strickland!), and New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!). 4. H. gracile, Bory in Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 527, from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Collie!). 5. H. australe, Willd. Sp. P). vol. v. p. 527 (H. polyanthus, Labill.), from New Caledonia (Vieillard!). 6. H. mnioides, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 57, from New Caledonia (Deplanche!). 7. H. dimidiatum, Mett. Linnea, 1868, p.393, from ades Caledonia (Deplanche!) 8. H. Deplanchei, Mett. l.c. p. 393, from New Caledonia (De- planche !).

l. H. affine, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 265. t. 37; rhizomate filiformi repente; stipitibus brevibus, tenuibus, teretibus, parce villosis; frondibus parvis, ovatis v. oblongis, bipinnati- fidis; pinnis imbricato-confertis; laciniis lineari-oblongis, obtusis, simplicibus v. bifidis, spinuloso- serratis; indusio supra-axillari, obovato, basi subimmerso, infra medium usque bivalvi; labiis inte-

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 30, 1869.] j ay

342 FLORA VITIENSIS.

gerrimis; receptaculo incluso v. subexserto. —Ovalau, in mountain woods (M‘Gillivray! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. H. multifidum, Sw, Syn. Fil. p. 149; rhizomate filiformi, repente; stipitibus gracilibus, teretibus, glabris; frondibus late ovatis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis patentibus, ovato- oblongis, bi-tripinnatifidis; laciniis angusto-linearibus, obtusis, spinuloso-dentatis; rachi flexuosa, sursum marginata; soris terminalibus v. supra-axillaribus; indusio ovato, bipartito, valvis superne argute serratis; receptaculo incluso.—Trichomanes multifidum, Forst. Prodr. n. 473. H. Feejeense, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 266. t. 37. f. 2.—Viti Levu (Greffe!) and Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. H. dilatatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 147 et 373; rhizomate gracili, repente; stipitibus basi teretibus, superne subalatis; frondibus ovato- v. triangulato-oblongis, tripinnatipartitis ; pinnis pri- mariis alternis subrhomboideis obtusis v. acutis, secundariis ovatis obtusis; laciniis linearibus, ob- tusis; soris terminalibus; indusio orbiculari, receptaculo magno subexserto.— Trichomanes dila- tatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 467.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

4. H. flabellatum, Labil. Pl. Nov. Holl. vol. ii. p. 101. t. 250. f. 1; rhizomate gracili, flexuoso, repente; stipitibus filiformibus, nudis, glabris; frondibus ovato-lanceolatis, superne tripin- natifidis, inferne pinnatis; pinnis ovatis, acutis, segmentis linearibus obtusis integris; soris termi- nalibus, solitariis; indusio obovato, basi cuneata immerso, bilabiato, labiis rotundatis integerrimis.— H. nitens, R. Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. p. 159; Hook. et Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 197.— Viti, locality not specified (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. H. formosum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 208. t. 37; rhizomate gracilimo, ` repente; stipitibus basi teretibus, superne alatis; frondibus erectis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, tripinnatipartitis; pinnis primariis alternis adscendentibus oblongo-acuminatis, secundariis ovatis obtusis subpalmatis; laciniis angusto-linearibus, obtusis, simplicibus v. bifidis; soris paucis, supra- axillaribus; indusio orbiculari inflato, basi in laciniam brevem immerso, bipartito, valvis integerri-

mis, zeceptaculo brevi apice capitato.— Viti (Seemann! n. 785). Also from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

XI. Trichomanes, Linn. Syst. Nat.; Coroll Gen. Plant. p. 20. n. 991. Sporangia circa venam ultra frondis marginem in receptaculum filiformem productam sessilia, indusio frondi continuo cyathiformi cincta.—Filicule, rhizomate repente v. cæspitoso, frondibus simplicibus pin- natis v. decompositis, pellueido-membranaceis, rarissime coriaceis, venis simplicibus furcatis v. pin- natis, ramis liberis.— Didymoglossum, Desv. Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, vol. vi. p. 380. Lecanium, etc., Presl, Hymenophyll. in Abhandl. der K. Bóhmisch. Gesell. 184, p. 103. t. 1, etc.

In addition to the species described below, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. T. concinnum, Mett. Linnea, 1868, p. 385, from Tahiti (Vieillard, Vasco). 2. Z. assimile, Mett. l.c. p. 386, from Anei- tum (Herres, n. 53). 3. T. Powelli, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 76, from Samoa (Powell). 4. T. Motleyi, V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1860, p. 145, from New Caledonia (Lenormand, fide Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 73). 5. T. peltatum, Baker, Syn. Fil., from Samoa (Powell), and New Caledonia (Vieillard, 2166). 6. 7. Vieil- lardi, V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1863, p. 207, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 7. T. Draytonianum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 252, from Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 8. T. davallioides, Gaud. Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 378, from Sandwich Islands (Dr. Nelson! Macrae! Strickland! Hillebrand !). - 9. T. Sandvicense, V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1860, p. 165, from Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 10. T. letum. V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1863, p- 218, from New Caledonia (Vieillard), 11. T. longicollum, V. d. Bosch, l. c. p. 214, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 12. Z pumilum, V . d. Bosch, le. p. 215, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 13. 7. maximum, Bl. Enum. Fil. p. 288, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray ! Sinclair !), and Navigator Islands (Sir E. Home !). ;

FLORA VITIENSIS. 343

1. T. Vitiense, Baker, Linn. Soc. Journ. vol. ix. p. 338. tab. 8, fig. D; frondibus substipi- tatis, oblongis, integris vel bifidis, costa centrali sola; venis lateralibus et venulis spuriis nullis, in- dusio solitario terminali incluso, ore integro subdilatato.— Viti (Milne !).

2. T. bimarginatum, V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1861, p. 143; rhizomate gracili, repente, ferrugineo-tomentoso ; stipitibus brevibus, complanatis, dense tomentosis ; frondibus oblongis v. polymorphis, e basi cuneatis, margine integris v. irregulariter lobatis, costa flabellatim in venas simplices v. furcatas abeunte, interpositis venulis spuriis in venulam submarginalem confluentibus ; soris mediocribus immersis, indusio cylindrico in limbum amplum undulatum subito dilatato.— T. muscoides, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 249; Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 75 ex parte. — Viti, iu humid mountain forests, on rocks and the trunks of trees (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

T. muscoides, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1726; Prodr. p. 142, is the same as T. apodum, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 117. Original specimens communicated by Swartz are in Herb. Mus. Brit. The species is also faithfully figured by Hedwig (Gen. Fil. t. 3. f. 3) under the name T. hymenodes, which is placed by Swartz himself as a synonym of his species (Prodr. p. 142). T. muscoides, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179; Hook.

Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 117; and Syn. Fil. p. 75, is a very different plant, and has been separated by Presl under the name 7. Hookeri (Hymenophyll. p. 16).

3. T.saxifragoides, Presl, Abhandl. d. Bóhmisch. Gesell. 1845, p. 131; rhizomate gracili, subtus tomentoso ; frondibus flabellato-suborbicularibus, palmato-incisis ; segmentis numerosis, lineari- acutis; venis approximatis, irregularibus, distinctis; indusiis 2-4, inclusis, ore dilatato subbilabiato. — Viti (Seemann! n. 786).

4. T. alternans, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rhizomate filiformi, repente, pilis elongatis fuscis parce vestito; stipitibus perbrevibus, alatis; frondibus erectis, simplicibus, pinnatisectis v. bi- pinnatisectis ; pinnis alternis, erectis ; segmentis elongato-linearibus, acutis, subapiculatis, margine in- tegris, hyalinis ; soris ad apicem segmentorum secundariorum immersis, cylindricis, basi attenuatis, ore dilatato integro.— Viti (Seemann! with n. 784).

. This species is nearly allied to T. erectum, Brack., but differs from it in habit, in the form and direc- tion of the segments, and the obvious hyaline margin.

5. T. erectum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 250, tab. 36. fig. 1; rhizomate filiformi, repente, T. parvulum, Brack. (non Poir.) U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 250, parce rufo-tomentoso ; stipite brevi, alato; frondibus erectis, ovato-oblongis, bi- v. tripinnatifidis; pinnis alternis, erecto- patentibus; laciniis angusto-linearibus, emargiuatis v. obtusis; indusio supra-axillari, cylindrico, immerso, basi attenuato, ore integerrimo subpatente; receptaculo exserto.— T. tenue, Brack. l. c. p. 251.— Viti, on Breadfruit-trees (U.S. Expl. Exped.). The larger form; called T. tenue by Bracken- ridge, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !)

6. T. humile, Forst. Prodr. n, 464; rhizomate repente, dense tomentoso ; stipitibus gracilibus, superne alatis; frondibus lanceolatis, acutis, bipinnatifidis; pinnis sepissime unilateralibus; seg- mentis linearibus, obtusis, integris ; soris solitariis, in laciniis axillaribus ; indusio subcylindrico, sub- exserto, ore amplo undulato vix bilabiato.—Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Society Islands (Forster! Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! Barclay! A. Collie !).

7. T. Neesii, Blume, Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 226; rhizomate filiformi, repente ; stipitibus alatis v. subalatis, fronde parum brevioribus; frondibus ovatis v. oblongis, tripinnatifidis, laciniis primariis late ovatis v. trapezoideo-oblongis, secundariis obovatis, lacinulis linearibus subelongatis flexuoso- squarrosis crispato-undulatis sinuato-dentatis; soris immersis, obovatis, dorso muricato-dentatis, tubo latiuscule marginato brevi late conico, labiis tubo duplo longioribus sinuato-dentatis.— Hymeno-

344 FLORA VITIENSIS.

phyllum Neesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 99. Leptocionium Neesii, V. d. Bosch, Kruidk. Arch. vol. iv. p. 883.— Viti (Seemann! mixed with n. 783).

8. T. caudatum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 256. tab. 36. fig. 5; rhizomate abbreviato, crasso, repente, fulvo-tomentoso; stipite brevi, tereti, scabro ; frondibus elongato-lanceolatis, acumi- natis, pinnatis; pinnis subalternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, bipinnatifidis, laciniis linearibus obtusis simplicibus v. bifidis; rachi subalata; indusio terminali v. supra-axillari, cylindrico, basi attenuato, subimmerso v. anguste alato, ore patente integerrimo; receptaculo exserto.— Viti (See- mann! n. 783). Also from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The Vitian plant is more delicate and flaccid, and the serrate apex of the pinne more elongated than in Brackenridge’s figure. This appears to be the plant to which V. d. Bosch gave the name T. Ase Grayi (Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1860, p. 180), and which he subsequently referred to 7. leptophyllum, A. Cunn. (l.c. 1863, p. 211). He quotes T. longisetum, Brack.,as the plant on which his species is based. But as the true 7. lougisetum, Bory, occurs in these islands, and as the characters mentioned in Bracken. ridge's note agree with that plant, there seems to have been some mistake in the labelling of the specimens which V. d. Bosch examined. 7. Jlavo-fuscum, V. d. Bosch, l.c. p. 211, from New Caledonia ( Vieillard), appears to agree exactly with our plant from Viti, but the distinguishing characters given seem to me insufficient for separating it from Brackenridge's species.

9. T. filicula, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. vol. i. p. 283; rhizomate repente tomentoso, gracili ; stipitibus brevibus, superne alatis ; frondibus ovatis, tripinnatifidis ; pinnis ovatis, acutis; pinnulis in- ferioribus pinnatifidis ; segmentis linearibus, obtusis ; soris axillaribus ; indusio cylindrico, subexserto, ore bilabiato ; labiis triangulatis, obtusis.—Hymenophyllum alatum, Schk. non Sw. Farrnkr. p. 138. tab. 135 à.— Viti (U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Barclay ! n. 3350).

10. T. longisetum, Bory, in Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 510 (non Hook.); rhizomate repente, hirsuto; stipitibus erectis, teretibus, glabris; frondibus lanceolatis, tripinnatis ; pinnulis dichotomis, capillaceis, sed sub lente observatis membranaceo-marginatis; soris ad laciniarum apicem sitis; in- dusio cyathiformi, basi attenuato, ore integro truncato.— 7T. meifolium, Kaulf. Enum. p. 265. tab. 2 (non Bory, nec Hook.).— Viti Levu (Greeffe!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray ! Milne !).

ll. T. cartilagineum, Vieill. et Panch. in V. d. Bosch ; Nouv. Esp. d'Hymenoph. Journ. Bot. Néerland. 1861, p. 363; rhizomate horizontali, polyrrhizo ; stipitibus fasciculatis, erectis, basi incrassata hirsutis; frondibus rigidis, firmis, opacis, viridi-fuscescentibus, late ovatis, sursum angustatis, pinnato-bipinnatifidis; pinnis patulis, imbricatis, ovatis v. oblongo-acuminatis ; laciniis contiguis, ob- longis, lacinulis obeuneatis rugoso-plicatis dentatis ; venulis densis, elongatis, subparallelis; soris in pinnarum laciniis axillaribus ; indusio oblongo-cylindrico, ore integro.— 7T. rigidum, Sw., var. 8. Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 260.— Viti (Seemann! n. 829). Also from New Caledonia (Vieillard and Pancher, fide V. d. Bosch).

The form and texture of the. frond, the venation, and the form of the indusium, at once enable us to separate this form from T. elongatum, A. Cunn., to which it is nearly allied.

12. T. dentatum, V. d. Bosch, Nouv. Esp. d Hymenoph. ; Journ. Bot. Néerland. 1861, p. 363; rhizomate brevi, polyrrhizo; stipitibus fasciculatis, erectis; frondibus membranaceis, ovatis, acumi- natis, bipinnatifidis; rachi anguste marginata ; laciniis primariis lanceolatis v. oblongo-lanceolatis, secundariis infimis laciniarum inferiorum utrinque remote subpinnatifide incisis, reliquis indivisis, margine dentatis ; soris in laciniis secundariis axillaribus, in dente obsolete immersis; indusio cylin- drico parumper ventricoso, ore integro v. subbilabiato.— Viti (Seematin ! n. 780, Milne!). And from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

13. T. Harveyi, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; rhizomate brevi, adscendente, polyrrhizo ; stipitibus

FLORA VITIENSIS. 845

fasciculatis erectis, inferne sparse hirsutis, superne nudis; frondibus membranaceis, ovatis, acumi- natis, pinnatis; pinnis ovatis, obtusis, pinnatifidis, rachi alatis; segmentis dentatis v. pinnatifidis ; venulis sparsis; soris immersis, in dentis apice impositis; indusio turbinato-cylindrico, ore bilabiato. — Viti (Harvey !).

14. T. Seemanni, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; rhizomate brevi, polyrrhizo ; stipitibus teretibus, erectis, glabris; frondibus membranaceis, ovatis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis distantibus, ovato- v oblongo-acuminatis, pinnatifidis ; laciniis oblongis, utrinque grosse dentatis ; soris in dente obsolete im- mersis; indusio cylindrico, parumper ventricoso, ore bilabiato.— Viti (Seemann! n. 782, Milne and M‘Gillivray !).

15. T. (Cephalomanes) Australicum, V. d. Bosch, Nederl. Kruidkund. Archief, 1860, p. 139 ; rhizomate brevissimo ; stipitibus teretiusculis, basi hirsutis ; frondibus oblongo-linearibus, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis subsessilibus, e basi acute cuneata oblongis, obtusis; margine superiore dentato, in- feriore acute v. setaceo-dentato; venis pinnatis, furcatis; soris in margine superiore pinnarum api- calium seriatis, amplis, basi immersis; indusio cylindrico, breviter ventricoso, in limbum amplum dilatato.—C. Wilkesii, V. d. Bosch, l.c. p. 140. T. Javanicum, Auct.—Viti Levu (Seemann; n. 769, Harvey! Græffe!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !)

The dilated mouth of the indusium at once distinguishes this plant foa T. Javanicum, with which it has been confounded.

16. T. polyanthos, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. i. p. 138; stipitibus ceespitosis, subrobustis, scabris, subhispidis; frondibus oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis lanceolatis, bi-tripinnatifidis, segmentis lineari-obtusis; soris in laciniis ultimis axillaribus, exsertis, copiosis, magnis, campanu- latis, bilabiatis, labiis integris obtusis v. truncatis, patentibus, receptaculis inclusis.— Viti, terrestrial (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

|... 17. T. exaltatum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 259; rhizomate czspitoso; stipitibus rachibusque teretibus, rufo-pilosis ; frondibus rigidis, erectis, ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis, bipinnatis ; pinnis elongato-lanceolatis, inferioribus remotis patentibus, superioribus approximatis erecto-patenti- bus ; pinnis secundariis pinnatifidis v. bipinnatifidis ; laciniis linearibus, obtusis ; soris supra-axillaribus turbinatis, exsertis, ore integerrimo ; receptaculo clavato, vix exserto.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 781, Milne ! U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from mountain woods, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

This is a larger and more robust plant than P. apiifolium, Presl, with broader, blunter segments and

shorter indusium. It has a broader frond, and a longer and stouter stipes, than T. polyanthus, with an entire mouth to its turbinate indusium.

18. T. millefolium, Presl, Hymenophyll. in Abhandl. d. Bohm. Gesell. 1845, p. 135 ; stipiti- bus fasciculatis, latiuscule alatis, fronde dimidio brevioribus ; frondibus lanceolato-pyramidalibus, de- compositis; laciniis primariis late lanceolatis, secundariisque ovatis patulis remotiusculis, tertiariis angustis erectis; segmentis linearibus, angustissime membranaceis; soris subexsertis, indusio cylin- drico, limbo reflexo leviter undulato ; receptaculo exserto.— T. maximum, var. 8, Blume, Enum. Fil. p.928. T. anceps, var. 8, Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 135. t. 40. f. 3.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 783 ex parte, U.S.

Expl. Exped.).

: Susonpo IV. PTERIDER.

XII. Adiantum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. i.; Gen. Pl. n. 782. Sporangia apicibus venarum dis- _ eretis, in receptaculum reniformi-oblongum v. lineare intumescentibus imposita, in soros marginales continuos v. interruptos. Indusia margini frondis continua, receptaculo adnata, introrsum libera.

346 FLORA VITIENSIS.

Vense flabellato-furcate v. a costa media furcatæ, ramis liberis.—Filices caudice herbaceo, plerumque repente, frondibus simplicibus pinnatis, pedatis v. supradecompositis.

The following species have been found in tropical Polynesia, in addition to those described below :— 1. A. Capillus- Veneris, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1096, from the Sandwich Islands (Menzies! Collie! Macrae! M‘Gil- livray ! Hillebrand !), and New Caledonia (Vieillard!) 2. A. Bennettii, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus teretibus, ebeneis, nitidis; frondibus ovatis, tripinnatisectis; pinnulis petiolatis, subeoriaceis, supra glabris, infra sparse hirsutis, equilateralibus, rotundato-reniformibus basi sinu excisis, v. subcuneatis v. cuneatis, antice integris denticulatis; nervis flabellato-dichotomis ; soris oblongo lunulatis.— Sandwich Islands (Strickland !). Separated, but not named, from the former species by Mr. J. J. Bennett in Herb. Mus. Brit. 3. A. Aneitense, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; stipitibus semiteretibus, antice canaliculatis, nigris, glaberrimis; frondibus amplis, 3—4-pinnatis, rachibus nigris, antice hirsutis, postice glaberrimis; pinnis lineari-aeuminatis ; pinnulis glabris, alternis dimidiatis rhomboideo-oblongis obtusis v. in sterilibus subacutis, margine superiore et antico lobatis; soris in lobulo sitis, rotundatis, integerrimis, antice sinu excisis.— Aneitum (M'Gillivray ! n. 110). This plant is a near ally of the S. American A. polyphyllum, Willd., but may easily be distinguished by the hairy rachis and the form of the pinne and pinnules.

l. A. lunulatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 235 ; stipitibus cespitosis, gracilibus, atro-fuscis, glabris ; frondibus oblongis, obtusis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis, petiolatis, lunulato-oblongis, obtusissimis, suprema cuneata, margine superiore rotundatis lobatis ; soris linearibus, interruptis, nunc confluenti- bus.—Pteris lunulata, Retz. Observ. vol. ii. p. 28. t. 4. A. arcuatum, Sw. Prodr. p. 122.— Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Storck, “ Kau-ni-vatu."— Viti Levu, Ovalau, and Moturiki (See- mann! n. 801, Storck! n. 915).

2. A, diaphanum, Blume, Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 215 ; stipitibus ciespitosis, ebeneis, nudis; fron- dibus pinnatis v. ad basin 1-3-ramosis; pinnulis petiolatis, dimidiato-oblongis, obtusis, margine in- feriore integerrimis subdecurvatis, antico et superiore lobatis; venis furcatis, venulis liberis in pinnulis sterilibus et inter soros fertilium in dentem obtusum desinentibus ; soris obreniformibus.— 4. setu- losum, J. Sm. Bot. Mag. Comp. 1846, p. 22.—Viti (Seemann! n. 808, Harvey !). Also from Aneitum M‘Gillivray !).

9. A. hispidulum, Swartz, Prodr. p. 124 et 321; stipitibus cespitosis, filiformibus, nigris, rachique asperis; frondibus pedato-bipinnatis; pinnulis dimidiato-ovato-rhombeis, sterilibus mar- gine superiore et antico denticulatis, fertilibus crenulatis, utrinque pilosiusculis, striatis, e nervis radiato-dichotomis; soris confertis, subrotundis, indusio hirsuto.— A. pedatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 458 (non Linn). A. pubescens, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 108. t. 116; Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 100. — Viti (Seemann ! n. 802, U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Aneitum (M*Gillivray !), Tongan Is- lands (Nelson !), and Tahiti (Barclay !).

Var. B. divaricatum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 100 ; ramis divaricatis; pinnis sub- flabellatis, oblongis.— Munia, Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

4. A. fulvum, Raoul, Choix de Pl. de la Nouv. Zél. p. 9; stipitibus erectis, antice glabris, ebeneis, postice hirsutis; frondibus ovato-deltoideis, subpedato-3-4-pinnatis, subhirsutis; pinnis lineari-acuminatis, terminali elongata, pinnulis dimidiato-rectangularibus, margine superiore et antico sublobato sorifero, inferiore integro; soris rotundato-reniformibus.— Viti (Milne). Also from New Caledonia (Vieillard).

The Polynesian plant referred to this species is probably only a variety of the previous species.

XIII. Hypolepis, Bernh. Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. 1806, vol. i. pt. 11. p. 34. Sporangia apicibus venarum imposita, in soros suborbiculares ad marginem sinuum laciniarum frondis collecta. Indusium suborbiculare, submembranaceum, e margine ortum. Vene simplices vel furcate, e costa centrali, venulis liberis. — Filices herbacez, frondibus magnis 2-3-4-pinnatis, rhizomate late repente.

FLORA VITTENSIS. 347

Besides the species described, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. H. tenuifolia, Bernh. Schrad. Neues Journ. vol. i. pt. 2 (1806) p. 34, from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! Barclay !), Tana (Forster!). 2. H. dicksonioides, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. ii. p. 61, from Tahiti (Nelson !), Isle of Pines (Milne !), Sunday Island (Milne!). 3. H. rugulosa, Hook. Syn. Fil. vol. ii. p. 68, from Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson!).

1. H. elegans, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; frondibus 3-4-pinnatis, pinnis primariis infimis oppositis ovato-acuminatis, secundariis lineari-acuminatis; segmentis oblongis, acutis, pinnato-lobatis ; rachibus primariis et secundariis postice glabris, antice sulcatis, dense hirsutis; costis et venulis utrinque sparse hirsutis; soris pluribus amplis, indusio semiorbiculari membranaceo.— Viti (Milne and M‘Gillivray!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray! n. 108) and Lord Howe's Island (M‘Gil- livray !).

XIV. Cheilanthes, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 5. 126. Sporangia apicibus venarum imposita, in soros suborbiculares v. elongatos, margini frondis approximatos collecta. Indusium suborbiculare, membranaceum v. subcoriaceum. Vens simplices v. furcate, e costa centrali, venulis liberis.— Filices rhizomate fasciculato v. repente, stipitibus et rhachibus ebeneis, frondibus pinnatis v. 2-3-pin- natis.— Myriopteris, Fée, Genres d. Polyp. p. 148. Aleuritopteris, Fée, l.c. p. 153. Notholene sp. auct.*

Besides the species hereafter described, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. C. distans, Mett- Cheil. p. 25, from New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! Moore! Vieillard !). 2. C. Sieberi, Kze. Pl. Preiss. vol. ii. p. 112, from New Caledonia (F. Strange! Vieillard !) and Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !).

1, C. hirsuta, Mett. (non Link) Cheil. p. 25; rhizomate repente, paleis ferrugineis dense vestita; stipitibus hirsutis, denique glabriuseulis; frondibus subcoriaceis supra sparse, infra dense pilis articulatis ferrugineis hirsutis, lanceolatis, bipinnatisectis, pinnis suboppositis patentibus ovato- oblongis obtusis, superioribus oblongis ; segmentis inferioribus basi attenuatis adnatis ovato-oblongis, pinnatipartitis, superioribus adnatis oblongis obtusis leviter crenatis ; soris fuscis, denique confluenti- bus.— Pteris hirsuta, Poir. Enc. Méth. vol. v. p.719. Cincinalis hirsuta, Desv. Berl. Mag. (1811) vol. v. p. 313. Notholena hirsuta, Desv. Journ. Bot. Appl. 1813. vol. iii. p. 98. Pteris nudiuscula, R. Br. Prodr. p. 155. Pellea? nudiuscula, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. ii. p. 151. Cheilanthes nudiuscula, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 249. Notholena sulcata, Link, Hort. Ber. vol. ii. p. 307. N. pilosa, Hook. et Arn. Beechey Voy. p. 47.— Viti (Seemann! n. 800). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and Tahiti (D. Nelson !).

2. C.tenuifolia, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 129. 332; rhizomate repente; stipitibus rubro-fuscis, inferne paleacco-pilosis, glaberrimis; frondibus rigidiusculis, glaberrimis, ovato-acuminatis v. del- toideo-acuminatis, tripinnatis; pinnis ovato-acuminatis, superne integris, inferne bipinnatis; seg- mentis sessilibus, e basi inferne cuneatis, superne truncatis, apice una cum lacinulis crenatis; soris

* An error has crept into some modern books in regard to Notholena vellea, of R. Brown (* Prodromus, p. 146), from a supposition that he considered his plant to be the same as one brought by Masson from Madeira, and described as Acrostichwm vellewm, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. vol. iii. p. 457, and that he consequently adopted Aiton's trivial name when he placed it in his new genus. An examination of the * Prodromus’ proves that Mr. Brown had not then before him the Madeiran plant, which is obviously different from the Australian one; and, indeed, the diagnosis which he gives of his species excludes Masson's plant. The synonymy of the two species stands thus :—

1. Notholena lanuginosa, Poir. Encyc. Bot. Supp. vol. iv. p. 110 (1816). Acrostichum lanuginosum, Desf. Fl. Alt. vol ii. p. 400. t. 256 (1798). A. velleum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. vol. iii. p. 457 (1799). Notholena vellea, Desv. Journ. Bot. vol. iii. (2nd ser. vol. i.) p. 92 (1818).

2. Notholena vellea, R. Br. Prodr. p. 146 (1810). NW. Brownii, Desv. l.c. (1813).

348 BLORA VITIENSIS.

~ distinctis raro confluentibus, crenis marginis revolutis, membranaceis, indusium continuum v. in- terruptum formantibus.— Trichomanes tenuifolia, Burm. Ind. p. 237. Adiantum tenuifolium, Swartz ; Schrad. Journ. (1801) vol. ii. p. 85. Pteris humilis, Forst. Prodr. n. 421.—Viti (Seemann ! n. 799). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and some Pacific Islands not specified (Forster !).

XV. Pellea, Link, Fil. Spec. p. 59. Sporangia apicibus venarum imposita, in soros lineares continuos fere laminas ambeuntes colfécta. Indusium tenue, pellucidum, continuum, marginibus frondium scariosis formatum. Ven: flabellate.—Filices stipitibus fusco-badiis nigrescentibus lucidis, frondibus 1-2—3-pinnatis, pedatis v. palmatis, glabris.— Platyloma, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1841, p. 160.

The following species is also found in tropical Polynesia :—P. ternifolia, Link, Fil. Sp. p. 59, from Hawaiian Islands (D. Nelson! Menzies! Maerae! Hillebrand !).

l. P. geraniifolia, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 180; rhizomate cespitoso, glabro; stipitibus teretibus, ebeneis, sparse squamosis ; frondibus subcoriaceis, glabris, cordatis, subquinquelobo-palmato-partitis ; segmentis primariis pinnatipartitis, laciniis deorsum adauctis, basalibus maximis, utrinque pinnati- partitis; segmento medio basi cuneatim angustato, laciniis ultimis ovatis acutis integerrimis ; soris continuis; margine revoluto membranaceo tectis.— Pteris geraniifolia, Raddi, Syn. Fil. Bras. n. 110. P. Pohliana, Presl, Tent. p. 145. P. pedata, Forst. Prodr. n. 417 (non Linn.). Cassebeera pedata, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 404. Pellea pedata, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 180.—Viti (Seemann! n. 798). Also from Aneitum, in dry stony places (M*Gillivray !), and from New Caledonia, Nees, Port de France, in a wooded ravine (M‘Gillivray!). Found in tropical regions in both the Old and the New Worlds. | : :

XVI. Pteris, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. i.; Gen. Pl n. 780. Sporangia apicibus venarum in re- ceptaculum nerviforme frondis marginem ambiens combinatis imposita, soros marginales lineares continuos v. interruptos formantia. Indusium marginale membranaceum, introrsum liberum. Venæ simplices v. furcate, venulis liberis—Monogonia, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 146. Pycnodoria, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 100.

In addition to the species described below, the following occur in tropical Polynesia:—1. Pteris tenuifolia, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 112, from Tongatabu (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 2. P.irre- gularis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 189, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Strickland! Hille- brand!). 8. P. deltea, Ag. Recens. Pterid. p. 33, from Tahiti (Menzies!). 4. P. excelsa, Gaud. Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 888, from Aneitum (M*'Gillivray !), and Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand! Macrae!). 5. P. tre-

mula, R. Br. Prodr. p. 154, from New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray ), Lord Howe's Island (M‘Gillivray !), and Tahiti (Nelson !).

1. P. longifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 1074; rhizomate brevi, repente, apice paleis fuscis vestito; stipitibus semiteretibus, scabris, basi paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus pinnatis, oblongo-lanceo- latis, basin versus sensim decrescentibus, pinnis suboppositis e basi inzequalibus cordatis linearibus at- tenuatis, sterilibus latioribus serrulatis; nervis furcatis v. simplicibus; soris continuis, margine revoluto integerrimo tectis, loco indusii veri paraphysibus numerosis instructis.—Pteris tenuifolia, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 112. Viti (Milne), Matuku (M‘Gillivray!). Also from the Friendly Islands (D. Nelson! Barclay! Sir E. Home!). New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Tana (Barclay !), and Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !)

2. P, Cretica, Linn. Mant. p. 130; rhizomate repente, paleis fuscis vestito; stipitibus strami- neis, trigonis, glabris ; frondibus glabris, pinnatis v. pinnatisectis ; pinnis remotis, oppositis, superiori- bus simplicibus sessilibus v. decurrentibus, infimis breviter petiolatis furcatis sterilibus argute serratis; venis simplicibus v. furcatis; soris continuis (apice sterili segmentorum fertilium serrato) ;

*

FLORA VITIENSIS. — 349

margine revoluto integerrimo tectis.—Viti (Milne). Also from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand ! D. Nelson ! Macrae!). ;

3. P. crenata, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 96 et 290; rhizomate repente; stipitibus stramineis, lævi- bus; frondibus ovatis, glabris, inferne bi-subtripinnatisectis; segmentis primariis inferioribus petio- latis, infimis pinnatisectis, superioribus sessilibus vel decurrentibus, tripartitis v. indivisis, secundariis inferioribus subpetiolatis, superioribus decurrentibus, sterilibus oblongis v. oblongo-lanceolatis, mar- gine crenato-serratis, fertilibus linearibus, acuminatis, integerrimis, apice sterili serratis ; venis sim- plicibus v. furcatis; soris continuis, margine revoluto membranaceo tectis.—Viti Levu (Seemann ! n. 811, Milne! Harvey !), Matuku (Sir E. Home!), and Gau (M‘Gillivray). Also from the Tongan Islands (Captain Cook! D. Nelson !), Eromanga and Ancitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gil- livray !), New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray! C. Moore!), and Upolu, Navigators’ Islands (Sir E. Home !). :

4. P. quadriaurita, Retz, Obs. vol. vi. p. 38; rhizomate breve adscendente ; stipitibus fascicu- latis, erectis, basi sparse paleaceis; frondibus ovatis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis breviter petiolatis, linearibus, acuminatis, profunde pinnatipartitis ; segmentis subapproximatis, basi confluentibus, ob- longis v. elongato-oblongis, apice obtuso rotundatis; costis ad basin costularum supra setis spinu- losis praeditis, nervis furcatis, infimis liberis; soris ad latera laciniarum margine revoluto membra- naceo integerrimo tectis.— Viti (Seemann! n. 804, Harvey! Sir E. Home! Milne!). Also from the Tongan Islands (D. Nelson! Sir E. Home !), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), and Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand !).

5. P. esculenta, Forst. Prodr. n. 418 ; rhizomate repente; stipitibus stramineo-fuscis, glabris ; frondibus coriaceis, rigidis, ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, tripinnatisectis ; pinnis primariis petiolatis, secundariisque triangulato-acuminatis, segmentis lineari-oblongis, indivisis v. pinnatipartitis, mar- gine tenuissime crenulatis, supra glabris, subtus pilis stuppeis varicosis dense onustis; soris con- tinuis, margine revoluto coriaceo repandulo glabro tectis.— P. aquilina, L., 8. esculenta, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. ii. p. 197.— Viti Levu, and most other Vitian Islands (Seemann! n. 809), Lakeba (Harvey!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), New Caledonia (C. Moore !), and Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Barclay! Hillebrand !).

* Unlike the Maoris or Tahitians, the Vitians do not use the rhizome of this plant as an esculent."— B. SEEMANN.

XVII. Litobrochia, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 148. Sporangia apicibus venarum in receptacu- lum nerviforme frondis marginem ambiens combinatis imposita, soros marginales lunato-lineares in- terruptos v. continuos formantia. Indusium membranaceum, introrsum liberum. Vene reticulate, in maculas hexagonoideas elongatas v. breves anastomosantes.—Doryopteris, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 404. Heterophlebium, Fée, Gen. Polyp. p. 139.

Besides the species enumerated below, the following are found in tropical Polynesia :—1. L. Vieillardii, Carr. (Pteris Vieillardii, Mett. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xv. p. 66), from New Caledonia (Vieillard ! M‘Gil- livray !). 2. Z.aurita, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 405, Es Tana (M‘Gillivray ), and New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray!). 3. L. intermedia, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 107, from the Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 4. L. decora, T. Moore (Doryopteris), Brack. 1. c. p. 103), from the Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand! U. S. Expl Exped., Nelson!). 5. L. decipiens, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. ii. p. 209, from the Sandwich Islands (Strickland! Hillebrand! Macrae! Nelson!) i .

l. L. tripartita, Presl, Tent. p. 150; stipitibus castaneis, semiteretibus, superne canaliculatis, glaberrimis; frondibus herbaceis tripartitis, divisionibus primariis lateralibus bipartitis; pinnis ob- longo-acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnulis lanceolato-acuminatis, profunde pinnatifidis ; segmentis oblongis,

[PUBLISHED OCTOBER 30, 1869.] 2 2

350 FLORA VITIENSIS.

subfalcatis, apice obtuse crenulatis; soris elongatis, margine revoluto membranaceo tectis.— Pteris tripartita, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 100, 293. Litobrochia divaricata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 108.—Island of Yanuca (Storck! n. 913, Sir E. Home! Harvey !), and Gau (M‘Gil- livray !). Also from Tahiti (Collie !). :

2. L. Milneana, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 170 ; stipitibus erectis, stramineo-brunneis, glaberrimis ; frondibus herbaceis, bipinnatis ; pinnis elongatis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis, duabus inferiori- bus basi exteriori pinnulam minorem gerentibus; segmentis lineari-oblongis, falcatis, apice obtuse crenulatis; soris elongatis, margine revoluto membranaceo tectis.— Pferis tripartita, Sw., var. y, Milneana, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. ii. p. 226, t. 138 B.—Viti (Seemann! n. 805). Also from Solomon Islands (Milne!), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), and Tahiti (D. Nelson !).

3. L. comans, Presl, Tent. p. 149; stipitibus glabris, semiteretibus, pallidis; frondibus her- baceis, glaberrimis, bipinnatis ; pinnis lanceolatis, acuminatis, inferioribus basi bipinnatis, laciniis sub- faleatis linearibus acuminatis v. acutis, apice attenuato-serratis, basi decurrentibus ; soris continuis, margine revoluto membranaceo tectis.—Pteris comans, Forst. Prodr. n. 419.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 810, Milne!). Also from Aneitum, Tana, and Eromanga (M‘Gillivray !), Lord Howe’s Island (Milne !), the Tongan Islands (D. Nelson !), and Tahiti (Banks and Solander ! Collie !).

4. L. sinuata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 110. t. 14; rhizomate repente; stipiti- bus levibus, teretibus ; frondibus scandentibus, infra glaucescentibus, tripinnatis; pinnis petiolatis patentibus ovatis acutis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis margine sinuatis, basi obliquis obtuse cuneatis, — superioribus coadunatis ; venulis infimis arcuato-anastomosantibus, exterioribus numerosis multe re- ticulatis; soris linearibus, continuis, margine revoluto membranaceo tectis .—Nomen vernac. Vitiense, teste Seemann, “ Wa kabo."— Taviuni (Seemann ! n. 807, 808, Milne !), and Ovalau (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

“ The leaves of this species are used as a potherb by the natives of Viti."—B. SEEMANN.

XVIII. Lomaria, Willd. Mag. Nat. Ber. 1809, p. 160. Sporangia in soros lineares geminos paginam totam frondium fertilium contractarum tectos collecta. Indusia linearia, scariosa, continua, margini inserta, versus costam libera. Venez frondis sterilis simplices v. furcate, venulis liberis, fron- dis fertilis obsolete. Filices caudice herbaceo interdum repente v. arborescente, frondibus pinnati- fidis v. pinnatis rarissime simplicibus, fertilibus contractis.— Stegania, R. Br. Prodr. p. 152. Loma- ridium, Presl, Epim. p. 154. Polygramma, Presl, Epim. p. 156.

In addition to the species described below, the following are recorded from tropical Polynesia :— 1. L. procera, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iv. p. 65, from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and New Caledonia (Vieillard). 2. L. contigua, Carr. (Blechnum, Mett.), from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 3. Z. obtusata, Lab. Sert. N. Caled. pl. 6, from New Caledonia (Labillardiére, Vieillard, M‘Gillivray!). 4. L. gibba, Lab. Sert. N. Caled. pl. 4 and 5 (LL. ciliata, T. Moore?), from New Caledonia (Labillardiére, Vieillard). 5. Z. vulcanica, Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 202, from Tahiti (Nelson!). 6. LZ. opaca, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 176, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 7. L. Lenormandi, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 181, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 8. L. diversifolia, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 181, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 9. L. emarginata, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rhizomate repente, una cum stipitibus paleis opaco-fuscis lanceolatis longe acuminatis dense vestito; stipitibus teretibus; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, sterilibus brevipetiolatis pinnatipartitis basi longe attenuatis ; pinnis oblongo-linearibus, subfalcatis, basi dilatatis, apice emarginatis, infimis obtuse triangulatis, superióribus in apieem obtusum latum sinuatum confluentibus ; venis prominentibus, furcatis, liberis, cum costis rachidibusque subtus setosis; frondibus fertilibus longe petiolatis, pinnatis; pinnis elongatis, linearibus, acutis, superioribus sessilibus basi decurrentibus, inferioribus petiolatis.—From Anei- tum (M'Gillivray !). 10. L. Vieillardii, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 175, from New Caledonia (Vieillard).

. 1. L. elongata, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 201 ; rhizomate repente ; stipitibus subteretibus, hine sulcatis, supra lobulos rotundos gerentibus; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, late ovatis, acuminatis,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 351 pinnatis ; pinnis sterilibus alternis adnatis elongato-lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis basi decurrentibus, fertilibus elongato-linearibus acuminatis; soris lateris inferioris decurrentibus ; indusio crenato- lacero.—L. punctata, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 201. L. coriacea, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 122.— Viti (Seemann! n. 797). Also from Tahiti (Barclay !).

2. L. doodioides, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 124; rhizomate repente, apice pale- aceo; stipite semitereti, purpurascente, levi, frondis sterilis brevi, fertilis elongato; frondibus steri- libus rigidis, lanceolatis, attenuatis, pinnatipartitis, pinnis confertis subfaleatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis, margine reflexis minute dentatis ; frondibus fertilibus majoribus, pinnatis, caudato-acuminatis, basi attenuatis, pinnis remotis elongato-linearibus acutis; indusio membranaceo.—L. attenuata, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iii. p. 6 (ex parte, non Willd.).—Viti (Seemann! n. 796. U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !). ;

3. L. pilosa, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 125. t. 15; stipite semitereti, punctis elevatis aspero, basi squamigero ; frondibus rigidis, deltoideo-ovatis, acuminatis, pinnatis; sterilium pinnis adnatis, suboppositis, oblongo-linearibus, attenuatis, margine-revolutis undulatis, basi superne subaurieulatis ; fertilium elongato-linearibus, obtusis, basi superne lobato-auriculatis ; venis prominen- tibus eostisque subtus pilosis; indusio membranaceo, lacero.—Viti, in mountain forests, rare (U. S. Expl. Exped.). T

4. L. filiformis, A. Cunn. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. 363; rhizomate scandente, paleaceo- squamato; frondibus pinnatis, glabris, pinnis sterilibus lanceolatis serrulatis apice attenuatis basi brevipetiolatis simpliciter v. ineequaliter truncatis, fertilibus elongato-filiformibus rachique crinito- ramentaceis.— L. propinqua, A. Cunn. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. 363. L. pimpinellefolia, Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. 1844, p. 412. Stenochlena heteromorpha, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1842, p. 149. S. Feejeensis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 78. pl. 2. fig. 1.—Sandal-wood, Viti, on trees (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The small abnormal barren form is the only one yet recorded from Viti. In it the frond is small, nearly sessile, lanceolate, acute above, and with smaller and more distant pinne below; the pinne are small, oblong, and with a short petiole. The drawing and description of the plant given by Brackenridge

agree entirely with this abnormal form. It has not been detected by any one else out of New Zealand, so that it seems to me probable that some error has crept into the labelling of this plant.

5. L. Milnei, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; frondibus membranaceis pinnatifidis; sterilium pinnis suboppositibus elongato-linearibus, apice obtusis, basi inzequalibus, superne liberis, inferne adnatis non-decurrentibus, margine serratis; fertilium inferne petiolatis, superne sessilibus elongato-linca- ribus, acuminatis; venis numerosis parallelis simplicibus v. furcatis, apice pinnarum flabellatis, soris lateralibus, indusio crenato.— Viti (Milne !). :

XIX. Blechnum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 1077. Sporangia in soros lineares geminos intramargi- nales coste approximatos continuos v. rarissime interruptos collecta. Indusia linearia, versus costam libera. "Ven: frondium sterilium simplices v. furcatze, venulis liberis, frondium fertilium in receptaculo coalitze.—Filices caudice herbaceo erecto interdum stolonifero, frondibus simplicibus pin- natifidis v. pinnatis. — Distazia, Mesothema, Spicanta, Blechnopsis, et Orthogramma, Presl, Epim.

. pp. 110-121. :

The following species occur in tropical Polynesia, in addition to those mentioned below :—1. B. stria- tum, R. Br. Prodr. p. 152, from Aneitum (M'Gillivray !). 2. B. irregulare, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; rhizomate adscendente, paleis nigro-fuscis lanceolato-acuminatis tecto; stipitibus semiteretibus, stramineis, sparse paleaceis; frondibus pinnatifidis, sterilibus pinnis oblongis obtusis basi decurrentibus, margine sinuato-lobatis dentieulatis, fertilibus elongato-linearibus sinuato-crenatis ; venis furcatis; soris costs adpressis; indusio membranaceo.—Interior of New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !).

222

352 FLORA VITIENSIS.

LÀ

l. B. orientale, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1077; rhizomate adscendente, paleis pallide fuscis setoso- acuminatis tecto; stipitibus basi paleaceis, glaberrimis; frondibus coriaceis, pinnatisectis ; pinnis infimis abortivis ad basin stipitis insertis, superioribus linearibus attenuatis acuminatis integerrimis, margine tenuissime callosis ; nervis densis simplicibus v. furcatis ; soris coste adpressis ; indusio mem- branaceo.— Blechnopsis orientale, Presl, Epim. p. 117.—Viti (Seemann! n. 795; Sir E. Home! Milne! Grzeffe!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), and Wallis Island (Sir E. Home !).

2, B. vittatum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 131 ; stipite lzevi, semitereti, basi paleaceo- crinito; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis, sterilibus lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis serrulatis, basi dilatatis, fertilibus contractis lanceolato-linearibus acutis basi dilatatis, apice sterilibus ; venis simplicibus v. furcatis, parallelis ; soris coste approximatis, continuis; indusio cartilagineo, integerrimo.— Viti, in wet lands (U. S. Expl. Exped.) ; Ovalau, in mountain woods (M‘Gillivray !). Also from New Caledonia (Vieillard).

XX. Doodia, R. Br. Prodr. p. 151. Sporangia in receptaculo ramulis anastomosantibus venarum imposita, soros lineares v. lunulatos costze parallelos formantia. Indusia plana, introrsum libera.—Filices cæspitosis, subcoriaceis, pinnatis; pinnis dentatis, quandoque coadunatis; venis arcuato-anastomosantibus, apicibus liberis, subtus elevatis.— Woodwardiæ sp. auct.

Tn addition to the species described, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. Doodia media, R. Br. Prodr. p. 151, from New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray ! Vieillard) and Sandwich Islands (Barclay ! Macrae!). Mettenius (Filie. Hort. Lips. p. 66) erroneously quotes D. lunulata as Mr. Brown's name for this species. Perhaps the error crept into his ms. from observing a specimen of the species in Herb. Banks. named Polypodium lunulatum, Soland. ms. 2. D. Kunthiana, Gaud. in Freye. Voy. Bot. p. 401, pl. 14, from Oahu (Macrae! Barclay! n. 1221; Bennett!) 8. D. Milnei, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; frondibus ovato-lanceolatis, e medio versus basin et apicem decrescentibus, pinnatis, membranaceis ; pinnis sessilibus, superioribus basi inferiore decurrentibus, inferioribus basi superiore liberis, inferiore adnatis, lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, margine dense argute serratis, soriferis; soris bi-triseriatis, lunu- latis, seriebus primis elongato-lunulatis, serie tertia ineompleta.— D. connexa, Hook. (in part) Sp. Fil. vol. iii. ed p. 75.—Distinguished from this species by the form of the pinne, the repeated subdivision and abundang ` reticulation of the veins, and the numerous sori completely covering the pinne.—Raoul or Sunday Island (Milne !).

1. D. Brackenridgei, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus teretiusculis ; frondibus ovato- lanceolatis, pinnatis, apice pinnatisectis; pinnis remotis, subpetiolatis, oblongis, sensim attenuatis, acutis, margine undulatis argute serratis, segmentis lateralibus basi equaliter dilatatis, termina- libus acuminatis integris; soris biseriatis, costalibus magnis lunulatis, externis minoribus subcon- tinuis v. incompletis.— D. Kunthiana, Gaud. var. 8. Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 138.— Ovalau, mountains, woods (M*Gillivray !) ; Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

The genus Sadleria is confined to the Sandwich Islands. There appear to be two well-marked species : 1. S. eyatheoides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 162 (Chamisso, Seemann! Macrae! etc.), and, 2. S. squarrosa, Gaud. Voy. Bonite, pl. 2. fig. 1-6 (Expedition of La Bonite, Hillebrand n.

Trisus IV. ASPLENIEJZE.

XXI. Asplenium, Jinn. Gen. Pl. ed. 1. n. 783. Sporangia venis transversalibus imposita, in soros lineares collecta. Indusia membranacea, e vena lateraliter orta, versus costam libera. Venæ simplices v. furcatze, venvlis liberis v. interdum arcu transverso marginali conjunctis.—Filices rhizo- mate erecto v. decumbente, interdum stolonifere ; frondibus coriaceis herbaceis v. membranaceis, simplicibus lobatis pinnatis v. decompositis.— Onopteris, Neck. Elem. n. 1721. Darea, Juss. Gen. p.15. Cenopteris, Berg. in Nov. Act. Petrop. vol. ix. Acropteris, Link, Hort. Berol. vol. ii. p. 55. Tarachia, Presl, Epim. p. 74. Brachysorus, Presl, Epim. p. 70. Hypochlamys, Fée, Gen. Pol. p. 200. Neottopteris J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 409. Thamnopteris, Presl, Epicr. p. 68.

SAA

FLORA VITIENSIS. - 998

"

In addition to the species described below, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. A. Milnei, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus semiteretibus, supra canaliculatis, basi squamosis, superne inter seg- menta alatis ; frondibus coriaceis, ovatis v. late ovatis, pinnatis; pinnis lanceolatis, apice attenuatis, margine acute serratis, basi cuneatis v. inequaliter cuneatis; nervis furcatis; soris linearibus, nervorum ramum antieum occupantibus.—Lord Howe's Island (Macrae!). Allied to A. remotum, T. Moore. 2. A. enatum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 153. t. 21. fig. 1, from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 3. A. tenerum, Forst. Prodr. n. 431 (Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. t. 69; A. elongatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 79; A. productum, Pres], Rel. Henk. vol. i. p. 42. t. 8. fig. 1), from Dangerous Archipelago (Barclay !), Tahiti (Menzies! Barclay! Nelson !), and Samoa (Powell !). 4. A. normale, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 7 (A. multi- jugum, Wall., var. B. Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iii. p. 140 ; A. pavonicum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 150. t. 20. fig. 1), from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Macrae!). 5. A. Trichomanes, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 1080, (A. den- sum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 152. t. 20. fig. 3. The margins of the furrowed rachis of this species in European specimens sometimes thin out into a wing as distinct as in the Sandwich Islands form to which Brackenridge has given this name,) from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Neison! Menzies! Macrae! Hillebrand!). 6. A. Vieillardii, Mett. Ann. Se. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xv. p. 72, from New Caledonia (Vieillard, M‘Gillivray!). 7. A. Kaulfussii, Schlech. Adumb. p. 29, from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Barclay ! n. 1223, Macrae! Hillebrand!). 8. A. caudatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 482 ; frondibus pinnatis, rachide paleaceo setoso ; pinnis linearibus, acuminatis, pinnatipartitis, basi inequaliter cuneatis ; lobis oblongis, truncato-obtu- sis, antice obtuse dentatis; soris costalibus.—A. horridum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 173. From Pacific Islands (Forster !), Tahiti (Nelson !), and Oahu (Barclay ! Hillebrand !). 9. A. Aneitense, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus teretibus, supra subsuleatis, glabris ; frondibus lanceolatis, acuminatis, coriaceis, glabris, piunatis ; pinnis breviter petiolatis, elongato-acuminatis, subfalcatis, apice attenuatis, inciso-serratis, basi inzqualiter cuneatis, inciso-lobatis ; lobis obovato-cuneatis, apice bifidis, obtuse denticulatis ; venis flabellato-fureatis ; soris brevibus, oblongis, costalibus v.ad nervos loborum; indusio rigido, coriaceo.——A neitum (Milne! Feb. 1860, n.2). Between A. caudatum, Forst., and A. contiguum, Kaulf. 10. A. contiguum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 172 (A. falcatum, R. Br. Prodr. p. 150), from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Chamisso, Macrae !), and Lord Howe’s Island (Milne !). 11. A. paradoxum, Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 179, from Sandwich Islands (Douglas, n. 34, 36). 12. A. erectum, Bory in Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 510, from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand!). 13. A. Menziesii, Hook. and Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 100, from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies!). 14. 4. Maeraei, Hook. and Grev. Icon. Fil. t. 217 (A. strictum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 168. t. 22. fig. 1), from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Hillebrand!), and Cocos Island (Bar- clay! n. 2196). 15. A. spathulinum, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 408 (A. lobulatum, Mett. Linnwa, vol. xxxvi. p. 100), from Tahiti (Collie!) and Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand !). This species is recorded from Viti by T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 169, and Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 215, but I have seen no specimeus. 16. A. insiticium, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 161. t. 22. fig. 2 (very distinct from the preceding species, A. spathulinum, J. Sm.), from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped.). 17. A. acuminatum, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Barclay! n. 1218, Hillebrand!) 18. 4. patens, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 175, from Sandwich Islands (Chamisso, U. S. Expl. Exped.). 19. A. polyphyllum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 108, from Sandwich Islands (Meyen, Macrae!). 20. A. viridans, Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. p. 2. t. 2, from New Caledonia (Labillardiére). 21. A. Adiantum- nigrum, Linn., var. acutum, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 110, from Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Hillebrand!). 22. A. Poiretianum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. p. 321. pl. 18, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Strickland! Douglas! Macrae! Hillebrand!). 28. A. Shuttleworthianum, Kunze, Farrnkr. p. 26, from Kermandee group (Milne!). 24. A. dissectum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 170. t. 24, from Sandwieh Islanda (Menzies! Maerae!). 25. A. diparioides, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped, Filices, p. 172, from Oahu, Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.). 26. A. Nove-Caledonie, Hook. Ic. Fil. pl. 911, from New Caledonia (Moore! Vieillard). *

1. A. nidus, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1079; stipitibus brevibus, basi paleis lineari-lanceolatis densissime vestitis ; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, basi angustatis, junioribus et sterilibus herbaceis, fer- tilibus coriaceis ; venis creberrimis, tenuissimis, internis; soris tertiam v. quartam partem latitudinis oceupantibus.— Neottopteris nidus, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 409. Thamnopteris nidus, Presl, Epim. p. 68.—Viti (Seemann! n. 813, in part; Sir E. Home! Milne!). Also from Aneitum, New Hebrides (M*Gillivray ! C. Moore!), Tahiti (Banks and Solander !), New Caledonia (Vieillard), and Sandwich Islands (Strickland! Barclay! n. 1230, Macrae !). H

2. A. Amboinense, Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 303; rhizomate repente, squamis nigris acumi- natis dense vestito; stipitibus brevibus, squamosis; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, lanceolatis, acumi-

354 FLORA VITIENSIS.

natis, basi angustatis, margine integris et subrevolutis; costa juxta apicem prolifera; venis subpa- tentibus, simplicibus, rarius furcatis ; soris approximatis ; indusio coriaceo, integerrimo.— Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 147. pl. 19. fig. 2. A. Sundense, Bl. Enum. Fil. p.175. A. vitteforme, Cav. Prelect. p. 255.— Ovalau, Viti, on rocks and trunks of trees at an altitude of 2000 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped. Milne !).

3. A. Feejeense, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 147 ; stipitibus angularibus, basi paleis lineari-lanceolatis vestitis; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, elongato-lanceolatis, attenuatis, basi angustatis, apice proliferis, margine subrepandis; venis furcatis, interdum simplicibus; soris remo- tiusculis, a costa usque prope marginem excurrentibus ; indusio angusto-lineari, integerrimo.—A. sco- lopendrioides, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 165 (ex parte).— Viti, on trees and moist rocks (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Samoa (U.S. Expl. Exped.), and from Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

4. A. remotum, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 100; frondibus giabris, membranaceis, pinnatis; piunis divaricatis, alternis, remotis, lineari-lanceolatis, attenuatis, serrulatis, basi insequalibus cuneatis, rachi hine sulcata; venis simplicibus furcatisve, divaricatis; soris approximatis, confluentibus; indasio lineari, coriaceo, integerrimo, recurvo.—A. distans, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 155. A. multilineatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iii. p. 102.— Viti (Milne!). Also from Samoa (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. A. salignum, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 175 (Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. vii., non Hook. Fig. Sp. Fil vol. iii. t. 165) ; rhizomate erecto, paleis membranaceis pallide fuscis acuminatis tecto; stipitibus supra depresso-canaliculatis, denique glabris; frondibus ovato- v. elongato-oblongis, acuminatis, glabris, pinnatis; pinnis distantibus, petiolatis, basi cuneatis v. subinzequaliter cuneatis, elongato- lanceolatis, apice attenuatis, margine tenuissime calloso integerrimis v. subrepandulis; nervis furca- tis; soris elongatis, marginem non attingentibus, crassiusculis.— Viti (Seemann! n. 817).

The plant from Viti (Daernal) referred by Baker (Syn. Fil. p. 199) to A. Sumatranum, Hook., belongs probably to this species.

6. A. induratum, Hook. Second Cent. Ferns, t. 68; rhizomate repente, radicante; stipitibus squamis subulato-setaceis atris basi laciniatis tectis; frondibus erectis, lanceolatis v. elongato-lan- ceolatis, rigido-chartaceis, olivaceo-viridibus, pinnatis; pinnis subsessilibus, horizontalibus, oblongis v. semiovatis, basi superne productis, apice obtusis, crenato-serratis; venis furcatis; soris biseriali- bus, linearibus; indusio coriaceo.— Viti (Seemann! n. 820) ; interior of Viti Levu (Milne).

7. A. falcatum, Lam. Encyc. Méth. vol. ii. p. 306; rhizomate repente, paleis nigrescentibus lanceolatis acuminatis vestito; stipitibus sordide rufescentibus, basi paleaceis; frondibus opaco- viridibus, infra pallidis, oblongis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis petiolatis, trapezio-ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, incisis, apice producto-serratis, basi ineequaliter cuneatis, serraturis dentatis; nervis repetito-furcatis; soris elongato-linearibus, e costa ad marginem extensis.—A. polyodon, Forst. Prodr. n. 428.— Viti (Seemann! n. 814 and 815; Harvey!), Matuku (Sir E. Home!). Also from Tongan Islands (Nelson! Sir E. Home! Barclay !), Tahiti (Collie!), New Caledonia (M‘Gillivray !), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray !), Norfolk Island (Paterson !).

Forms of this very variable plant from Viti, with larger pinnz, have been referred to A. macro- phyllum, Sw.

8. A. resectum, Smith, Icon. Ined. t. 72; rhizomate repente; stipitibus atropurpureis nitidis ; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, oblongis, acuminatis, basi truncatis, pinnatis; pinnis patentibus, petiolatis, e basi inferiore dimidiatis abscisso-cuneatis, superiore oblique truncatis, trapezio- oblongis, obtusis v. acuminatis, margine insequaliter serratis; nervis distantibus, furcatis; soris superioribus

FLORA VITIENSIS. 355

numerosis, inferioribus paucis.—Viti (Seemann! n. 820, 821). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and Tahiti (Barclay! n. 5333).

9. A. cuneatum, Lam. Encyc. Méth. vol. ii. p. 309; rhizomaté repente, paleis nigricantibus subulatis vestito; stipitibus semiteretibus, supra sulcatis ; frondibus membranaceis v. subcoriaceis, oblongis v. ovatis, acuminatis, bipinnatis; pinnis primariis petiolatis ovatis apice acuminatis attenu- atis v. obtusis, secundariis rhomboideo-ovatis, basi cuneatis, apice obtusis, obtuse dentatis; nervis furcatis, manifestis ; soris linearibus, in mediam loborum positis.— 4. affine, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 84.— Viti (Milne! Harvey !). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !) and Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand n.

10. A. laserpitiifolium, Lam. Encyc. Méth. vol ii. p. 310; rhizomate repente, squamis - pellucidis lineari-lanceolatis tecto; stipitibus semiteretibus, opaco-purpurascentibus; frondibus chartaceis, nitidis, nervis strigosis ovato-acuminatis, tri- v. subquadripinnatis ; pinnis primariis et Secundariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, tertiariis obovato-cuneatis, basi attenuatis, apice obtusis, acute dentatis; nervis repetito-furcatis, ramis densis flabellatis; soris ad basin loborum positis.— Tarachia laserpitüfolia, Presl, Epim. p. 83.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 822; Milne! Greffe !) Also from Aneitum (M'Gillivray ), New Caledonia (Vieillard), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray!), and Ulaietea (Nelson !).

1l. A. obtusilobum, Hook. Icon. Plant. pl. 1000; rhizomate stolonifero; stipitibus czespi- tosis, compressis, alatis, glabris v. sparsim stellato-pilosis; frondibus erectis, ovato-lanceolatis, basi truncatis, pinnatis; pinnis basi cuneatis, obtusis, pinnatisectis, segmentis patentibus lineari-cuneatis obtusis integris v. bifidis; nervis furcatis, ante apicem evanescentibus; soris omnino marginalibus. — Viti (Seemann! n. 784). Also from Aneitum (Milne!) and Tana (C. Moore).

12. A. bipinnatum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 344, in corrig. (A. furcatum, p. 170); stipitibus compressis, basi paleaceis; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis, bipinnatis; pinnis suboppositis, pinnatipartitis, laciniis lineari-spathulatis obtusis, infimis summisque bipartitis; rachi compressa, alata; soris submarginalibus.— 4. rutefolium, Presl, 8. furcatum, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p.168. A. prolongatum, Hook, Second Cent. Ferns, pl. 42.—Ovalau, Viti (Grzffe!, U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Vonicalle Island (C. Moore !).

13, A. Seemanni, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; rhizomate stolonifero; stipitibus fasciculatis, semiteretibus, subalatis, basi paleaceis ; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, bipinnatis ; pinnis primariis suboppositis ovatis obtusis, secundariis apice simplicibus, dichotome 1—2—3.furcatis, seg- mentis linearibus, truncatis v. obovatis; nervis simplicibus; soris marginalibus, segmento latioribus. — Viti (Seemann! n. 760 and 828).

Nearly related to A. dichotomum, Hook., from Borneo.

14, A. multifidum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 171. pl. 23; stipitibus levis, angu- latis, suleatis, squamosis; frondibus membranaceis, tripinnatis; divisionibus primariis alternis, im- bricatis, oblongis, acuminatis; pinnulis oblongis, obtusis, pinnatipartitis, laciniis linearibus obtusis, inferioribus bi-trifidis ; rachi parce squamosa; soris semioblongis, submarginalibus ; indusio integer- rimo.—Ovalau, Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Tahiti, Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

15. A. dubium, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 172; rhizomate repente ; stipitibus angu- latis, parce paleaceo-hirsutis; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, deltoideo-ovatis, bi-tripinnatis ; pinnis suboppositis, patentibus, oblongo-lanceolatis; pinnulis lineari-oblongis, inciso-pinnatifidis, laciniis linearibus, obtusis; rachi compressa, marginata ; soris?—Sandalwood Bay, Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

356 FLORA VITIENSIS.

XXII. Diplazium, Swartz in Schrad. Journ. 1800, vol. ii. p. 61. Sporangia venis furcatis im- posita, in soros lineares geminatos superiores sepe simplices dorso venarum venularumque collecta. Indusia e vena orta, in soris geminatis bilateralia, unum versus costam alterum versus costulam libe- rum, in soris simplicibus unilateralia. Venz simplices v. furcatze, venulis liberis v. conniventibus.— Filices rhizomate erecto v. subarborescente, frondibus herbaceis v. coriaceis, simplicibus pinnatis v. decompositis.--Lotzea, Klotzsch et Karst. in Linnza, 1847, p. 358. — Callipteris, Bory, Voy. vol. i. p.982. Anisogonium, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 115. — Microstegia, Presl, Epim. p. 90.

In addition to the species described below, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. D. Solandri, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Asplenium tenerum, Sol. ms., non R. Br.), from Society Islands (Banks! Menzies!). Distinct from D. grammitoides, Presl, to which Moore has referred it (Ind. Fil. p. 329). 2. D. pallidum, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 335, from Aneitum (M'Gillivray! n. 30). 3. D. dilatatum, Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 194, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 4. D. harpeodes, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 330 (D. falcatum, Brack. non Liebm.), from Samoa (U.S. Expl. Exped.). 5. D. Sandwichense, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 114, from Sandwich Islands (Meyer). 6. D. alternifolium, Bl., var. oblongifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iii. p. 240, from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray, Milne, n. 298). 7. D. sororium, Carr. (Asplenium, Mett. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xv. p. 73), from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 8. D. Arnottii, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 144, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Hillebrand!). 9. D. melanochlamys, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 332, from Lord Howe’s Island (Milne! n. 36, M‘Gillivray! n. 702. 10. D. Brackenridgii, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 324 (D. speciosum, Brack. non Bl), from Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

1. D. tenerum, Presl, Epim. p. 84; rhizomate brevi, repente; stipitibus semiteretibus, supra suleatis glabris, basi paleaceis; frondibus subcoriaceis, ovatis, acutis, pinnatis; pinnis petiolatis, versus apicem confluentibus, alternis, lineari-oblongis, acuminatis, inciso-lobatis, basi inzequaliter subeuneatis; lobis subrotundis, dentatis, rachibus petiolis costisque paleis linearibus vestitis; soris plurimis; indusio membranaceo, lineari, integerrimo ; rachi interdum prolifera.— D. extensum, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 407 (partim). D. bulbiferum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 141. t. 18. fig. 1. D. Brackenridgii, Baker (non Moore) in Syn. Fil. p. 234.— Viti (Seemann! n. 825; Milne).

2. D. decussatum, J. Sm. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1846, p. 28; rhizomate repente, ramoso ; stipiti- bus semiteretibus, supra sulcatis, paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus membranaceis, glabris, oblongo-lan- ceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus, alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, piunatifidis ; laciniis oblongis, obtusis, crenatis; rachi costa venisque paleaceo-hirsutis v. subglabris; soris obliquis ; indusio membranaceo.— D. congruum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 141.t. 18. fig. 2. Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Samoan Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.) and Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Hillebrand !). à

3. D. proliferum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil p. 182; stipitibus robustis, erectis, sæpe muricatis ; frondibus amplis, pinnatis (v. in var. B. bipinnatis); pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis, grosse serratis v. lobatis, axillis pinnarum superiorum interdum bulbiferis; venis numerosis, pinnatis, parallelis, irre- gulariter conniventibus ; soris linearibus, parallelis.—.4splenium proliferum, Lam. Encyc. Méth. vol. ii. p. 307. Callipteris prolifera, Bory, Itin. vol. i. p. 258. Asplenium decussatum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 75, 260. Anisogonium decussatum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 116.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 818; Sir E. Home!). Also from New Ireland (Barclay! n. 3556), New Hebrides (Moore !), and Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Var. B. bipinnata, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 218; pinnis basi pinnatis, sursum pinnatifidis, apice grosse serratis; segmentis oblongis, acutis, subfaleatis.— Digrammaria robusta, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 11 8.—Viti (Sir E. Home! Milne! U. S. Expl Exped.). Also from Samoa (Powell !).

4. D. esculentum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 92 ; trunco erecto, subarborascente ; stipitibus robus- tis, erectis, villose pilosis; frondibus membranaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, bipinnatis,

FLORA VITIENSIS. | 357

rare pinnatis; pinnis petiolatis, oblongis, acutis, pinnulis breviter petiolatis lineari-oblongis acumi- natis crenato-pinnatifidis; segmentis serrulatis; venis pinnatis, conniventibus; soris linearibus, numerosis.— Hemionitis esculenta, Retz. Obs. Bot. vol. vi. p. 38. Asplenium esculentum, Presl, Rel. Henk. vol. i. p. 45. Anisogonium esculentum, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 116. Microstegia esculenta, Presl, Epim. p. 91. Asplenium ambiguum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 81, 274. Digrammaria ambigua, Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 56 C (non Presl). Diplazium ambiguum, Hook. Journ. 1857, p. 343. Callipteris ambigua, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 216. - Diplazium malabaricum, Spreng. Syst. vol. iv. p. 69. Calliptris malabarica, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 409.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. D. arborescens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 92; rhizomate repente, paleis nigrescentibus dense onusto ; stipitibus sordide stramineis, superne glabriusculis; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, bipinnatis; pinnis breviter petiolatis; pinnulis brevissime petiolatis, basi truncatis v. adnatis, pinnatifidis, lineari-lanceolatis; venis pinnatis; soris elongatis; indusio membranaceo, integerrimo.— Callipteris arborescens, Bory, Voy. p. 283.—Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Hawaii (Mann) and Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

6. D. melanocaulon, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 144; stipitibus nigris, levibus, angulatis, basi incrassatis, paleis vestitis; frondibus glabris, supra atro-viridibus, subtus pallidis, bipinnatis; pinnis stipitatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, attenuatis; pinnulis alternis, sessilibus, oblongis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis, basi truncato-cuneatis; laciniis oblongis, faleatis, subacutis, serrulatis ; rachi communi flexuosa ; soris brevibus, decussatis.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 824; M‘Gillivray ! Harvey ! Milne! Sir E. Home! U, S. Expl. Exped.).

7. D. coriaceum, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus angulatis, supra sulcatis, glabris; fron- dibus coriaceis, glabris, supra nigro-viridibus, subtus viridibus, bipinnatis, ovato-acuminatis; pinnis elongato-triangulatis, petiolatis, apice acuminatis, serratis; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis; segmentis oblongis, subfalcatis, acute serratis; venis simplicibus, rare furcatis, crassis, supra prominulis, subtus sulcatis; soris brevibus; indusio membranaceo, margine integro.— Viti (Seemann ! n. 827, in part).

This form was referred by Mr. Smith to his D. brevisorum, but it can be readily distinguished by the. form of the sorus, which is almost invariably situated on a simple vein, and occupies nearly half the width

of the segment ; when the vein is forked the sorus is continued some distance along the anterior branch. The sori at the base of the lower segments are diplazioid. The indusium is not ciliated.

-

8. D. polypodioides, Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 194; trunco erecto, paleis lanceolatis longe acuminato-setosis dense tecto ; stipitibus punctato-asperis, demum glabriusculis; frondibus membra- naceis, glabris, ovatis, bipinnatis; pinnis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis; pinnulis petiolatis v. sub- sessilibus, lanceolatis, acutis, basi truncatis, pinnatifidis; segmentis falcato-oblongis, acutis, serru- latis; nervis simplicibus, patentibus, parallelis; soris oblongis; 3ndusio membranaceo, integerrimo. Viti (Seemann! n. 826). Also from Tahiti (Nelson !).

' 9. D. Vitiense, Carr. ms.; frondibus amplis, herbaceis, bipinnatis ; pinnulis petiolatis, lanceo- latis, acuminatis, obtuse lobatis ; rachide pubescente ; venis pinnatis; soris numerosis; indusio mem- branaceo.— Asplenium (Anisogonium) Vitiense, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 245.— Viti (Daernel).

XXIII. Didymochlena, Desv. Berl. Mag. vol. v. p. 303. t. 7. fig. 6. Sporangia venis simpli- cibus imposita, in soros elliptico-oblongos juxta vens extremitatum utrinque geminatos collecta. Indusium soris geminis commune, venz subexcentrice impositum, circumcirca liberum. Vene flabellato-furcatz, venulis liberis, —Filices caudice arborescente; frondibus bipinnatis, coriaceis, pin-

[PUBLISHED JUNE 1, 1871.] | 3a

358 FLORA VITIENSIS.

nulis dimidiatis, subecostatis, articulatis.— Monochlena, Gaud. Voy. Freyc. p.340. Ceranium, Reinw. Syllog. Pl. Nov. vol. ii. p. 2. Tegudaria, Reinw. l. c. p. 3.

l. D. lunulata, Desv. Mém. Soc. Linn. vol. vi. p. 282; stipitibus dense paleaceis ; frondibus am- plis, coriaceis, glabris, oblongis, bipinnatis ; pinnulis subsessilibus, e basi inferiore dimidiatis, superiore truncatis, subtrapezoideo-oblongis, obtusis, denticulatis, costa oblique percursis ; nervis subflabellatis, sterilibus apice ad basin dentium incrassatis; soris oblongis, venula antica impositis, indusio coriaceo persistente.— Adiantum lunulatum, Houtt. Syst. Pl. xiii. p. 252. t. 100. fig. 1. Aspidium truncatu- lum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p.52. Didymochlena truncatula, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. vol. v. p.196. D. sinuosa, Desv. Berl. Mag. vol. v. p. 303.— Viti (Seemann! n. 751).

XXIV. Polystichum, Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. vol. iii. p. 69. Sporangia receptaculo ex medio v. rare apice venularum imposita, in soros globosos collecta. Indusia orbicularia, peltata, margine undique libera. Venz e costa pinnato-furcatz v. furcatz, venulis liberis.—Filices caudice brevi erecto, frondibus simplicibus pinnatis v. bi-tripinnatis rigidis coriaceis, margine plerumque mucronato- serratis.—Peltochlena, Fée, Gen. Polyp. p. 289. Cyclopeltis, J. Sm. Ferns Brit. and For. p. 165. Hemicardion, Fée, Gen. Polyp. p. 282. |

In addition to the species described, the following occur in tropical Polynesia :—1. JP. vestitum, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 83, from the Pacific Isles (Forster !), Tutu Island, New Hebrides (C. Moore!). 2. P. Hille- brandii, Carv. ms., from Sandwich Isles (Hillebrand !), distinguished from P. aculeatum, Roth, by the more coriaceous frond, the pinnules entire or with a single tooth on either side, and with an acute spinulose apex, the rachis and nerves furnished with long toothed scales, and the orbicular indusium with a tumid centre. 3. P. Haleakalense, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 204. Oahu (Macrae! U.S. Expl. Exped.).

Aspidium adianteforme, Forst. Prodr. n. 449 ( P. coriaceum, Schott), said to be from the Pacific Isles, is most probably from New Zealand. ;

1. P. semicordatum, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 103 ; stipitibus semiteretibus, basi paleis ferrugineis lanceolatis obsitis, saperne puberulis; frondibus subcoriaceis, glabris, elongato-lanceolatis, pinnatis ; pinnis patentibus sessilibus, basi cordatis auriculatis, auricula sursum spectante elongato-oblongis, deorsum spectante magna falcata; linearibus acuminatis subintegris, inferioribus. remotis paullulum abbreviatis, superioribus approximatis sensim decrescentibus, supremis cum terminali confluentibus nervis 2-3-furcatis ; soris 1 (-8)-seriatis, infra apice venularum impositis, indusio fugace.—Aspidium semicordatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 45. Lastrea semicordata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 77.

2. P. aristatum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 83; rhizomate brevi; stipitibus villosiusculis, basi squamatis ; frondibus ovato-deltoideis v. deltoideo-lanceolatis, valde coriaceis, glabris, subtus incano- nitentibus, tri- v. quadripinnatis, pinnulis basi adnatis v. stipitatis ovato-oblongis, serratis v. pinna- tifidis, serraturis mucronatis; soris medio venularum insertis, indusiis orbicularibus.— Polypodium aristatum, Forst. Prodr. n. 448, — Aspidium aristatum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 58. Lastrea aristata, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 86.—Viti (Seemann! n. 742, Sir E. Home! M‘Gillivray!). Also from Tahiti (Forster! Banks and Solander! Nelson !), Sunday Island (Milne!), Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), and St. Christina (Collie !).

XXV. Lastrea, Bory, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. vol. vi. p.588. Sporangia receptaculo ex medio rare apice v. sub apice venularum imposita, in soros globosos collecta. Indusia reniformia, plana v. fornicata, fugacia v. persistentia. Venz e costa simplices furcate v. pinnatze, venulis liberis.— Filices caudice erecto decumbente v. repente, frondibus pedatis, pinnatis v. bi-tripinnatis.— Dryopteris, Adan- son, Fam. d. Pl. 20. Gleichenia, Necker, Elem. Bot. vol. iii. p. 314. Dichasium, A. Braun, Flora, vol. xxiv. p. 710. Thelypteris, Schott, Gen. Fil. ie

In addition to the species recorded, the following have been noticed in tropical Polynesia :—l1. L.

FLORA VITIENSIS. f 359 *

tenericaulis, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 107, from Tahiti (Banks and Solander ! Nelson ! Barclay!), and New Hebrides, Tana and Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 2. L. truncata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 195. t. 27, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Strickland! Hillebrand!). 3. L. globulifera, Brack. 1. c. p. 194, from Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped.). 4. LL. glabra, Brack. l.c. p. 200, from Sandwich Islands (Barclay! n. 1220, Strickland! Hillebrand!). 5. Z. Barclayi, Carr. ms.; stipitibus nigricanti- bus, basi paleis lanceolatis acuminatis onustis, eum ramificationibus fusco-pubescentibus ; frondibus ovatis, pinnatis, supra glabris, subtus pubescentibus; pinnis oppositis, subpetiolatis, lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinna terminali magna, margine irregulariter sinuata v. lobata; lateralibus margine sinuatis, basi superiore lobatis ; inferioribus inzequaliter inciso-pinnatifidis, v. pinnatis; costis prominulis, venulis liberis numerosis ; soris biserialibus ad apicem venularum in areolis positis.—New Ireland (Labillardiére! Barclay !).

l. L. Harveyi, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; stipitibus semiteretibus, supra sulcatis, nitidis ; frondibus membranaceis, ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatis ; pinnis superioribus alternis approxi- matis, inferioribus oppositis, remotis, lineari-acuminatis similibus, pinnatifidis, apice attenuatis, basi truncatis v. obtuse cuneatis; laciniis oblongis, obtusis, subpatentibus; rachi cum ramificationibus hirsuto, venis supra setosis; soris marginalibus, indusio glabro integro.—Nephrodium patens, Auct. (partim).— Viti (Harvey! Sir E. Home!). Also from Upolu, Navigators’ Islands (Sir E. Home !).

2. L. Brackenridgii, Carr. ms.; stipitibus levis, sulcatis; frondibus pinnatis, pinnis alternis oblongo-lanceolatis, caudato-acuminatis, pinnatipartitis, apice serrulatis, supra glabris, subtus glan- duloso-pubescentibus ; laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, faleatis, latere inferiore brevioribus, basi . diminuendis; costa utrinque pubescente; soris parvis, biserialibus, costze approximatis, indusio leviformi piloso, sporangiis sessilibus glanduliferis.—Aspidium Brackenridgii, Mett. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vol. xv. p. 75. L. attenuata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 193. t. 26. fig. 2. Ne- phrodium inequilaterale, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 454.—Viti (Milne!). Also from Tahiti (Banks and Solander ! Nelson! Collie!) and Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !)

3. L. Prenticei, Carr. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit.; frondibus glabris, subtus pallidioribus, acu- minatis, pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus, lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi elongato-cuneatis, erecto- patentibus, pinnatifidis, lobis triangulato-oblongis, patenti-falcatis, margine integris, sparse setosis ; rachi stramineo glabro; costis primariis infra glabris, supra hispidis, venis simplicibus anterioribus elongatis; soris distinctis, subcostalibus; indusio integro, glabro.— Viti (M‘Gillivray !).

The materials on whieh this species is established are somewhat imperfect, consisting of only the upper pro of two fronds, but they are sufficient to show that it is very distinct from any hitherto described.

have associated with it the name of C. Prentice, Esq., who noted it as new in the Herbarium of the British Museum.

4. L. articulata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 191. t. 26. fig. 1 ; rhizomate repente nigro, sparse squamoso ; stipitibus remotis, teretibus, articulatis, rufo-pubescentibus ; frondibus subcoriaceis, lineari-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus, alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatifidis, supra pubes- centibus, apice subacuto serratis, basi truncato-cuneatis, superioribus coadunatis crenato-dentatis, laciniis semioblongis obtusis; costa venisque utrinque rufo-pubescentibus; soris sparsis; indusio reniformi-orbiculato, lacero.— Viti (Seemann! n. 721, Milne! U.S. Expl. Exped.) Allied to L. albo-punctata, Presl, but distinguished by its long filiform rhizome, the position of the articulation of the stipes, the subcostal sori, and other characters. os

5. L. squamigera, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 198; rhizomate brevi, erecto ; stipitibus rachibus costisque subtus squamis reticulatis fimbriatis adpressis dense obsitis; frondibus ovato- deltoideis, pinnatis, basi bipinnatis; pinnis lanceolatis, acuminatis, pinnatifidis; venis fureatis; soris magnis, inter costam et marginem equidistantibus—Nephrodium squamigerum, Hook. et Arn. Beechey's Voy. p. 106.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Sandwich Islands (Collie! Seemann ! Strickland !). ; .

JA

360 FLORA VITIENSIS,

6. L. tenuifolia, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 199; stipite angulato, squamoso-hir- suto; frondibus membranaceis, basi fere tripinnatis, sursum bipinnatis apice pinnatifido; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, pinnatipartitis, basi obliquis, adnato-decurrentibus, laciniis lineari-oblongis, inferioribus inciso-serratis ; rachi costa venisque utrinque paleaceis, glanduloso-hirsutis ; soris parvis ; indusio reniformi, lacero.—N. tenuifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 144.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped. Milne).

7. L. Fijiensis, Carr. ms.; stipitibus rachibusque ferrugineo-paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus amplis, submembranaceis, firmis, siccitate fusco-viridibus, late ovato-acuminatis, bipinnatis ; pinnis primariis remotis, ovatis, acuminatis, petiolatis (supremis exceptis), secundariis v. pinnulis oblongo- linearibus, acutis, sessilibus, profunde fere ad costam pinnatifidis, segmentis oblongo-ovatis ciliatis, obtusis inferioribus pinnatifido-lobatis, reliquis subintegris; soris biserialibus dorso venularum im- positis, indusiis orbiculari-cordatis pilis clavatis ciliatis.— NepArodiwm Fijiense, Hook. Sec. Cent. Ferns, t. 67.— Viti, on mountains, not common (Milne, n. 159).

8. L. dissecta, Carr. ms. ; rhizomate brevi, erecto ; stipitibus fasciculatis, semiteretibus, nigris v. fulvo-brunneis, cum rachidibus costisque pubescentibus, basi paleaceis ; frondibus ovatis, acuminatis, membranaceis, bipinnatis; pinnis primariis ovatis petiolatis, secundariis sessilibus lanceolatis acumi- natis profunde pinnatifidis, segmentis oblongis obtusiusculis sinuato-dentatis v. subpinnatifidis ; venis simplicibus v. furcatis; soris sparsis, indusio cordato-reniformi.—Polypodium dissectum, Forst. Prodr. n. 441. Nephrodium dissectum, Desv. Ann. Linn. vol. vi. p. 259 (non Baker). Aspidium attenuatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 48. Nephrodium Milnei, Hook. Sec. Cent. Ferns, t. 62.— Viti (Milne !). Also from Friendly Islands (Nelson!), Tongatabu (Sir E. Home !), Upolu, Samoa Islands (Sir E. Home !), and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

9. L. davallioides, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 202 ; stipitibus teretibus, supra sulcatis, scabris, basi squamosis ; frondibus subcoriaceis, decompositis, divisionibus tripinnatis; pinnis primariis et secundariis oblongis, acuminatis; pinnulis rhomboideo-lanceolatis, pinnatifidis, laciniis lanceolatis acutis inciso-serratis ; rachi cum costa furfuraceo-hirsuta ; soris solitariis ; indusio rotundato-reniformi,

integerrimo.—Viti Levu (Grzeffe!). Also from Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

XXVI. Oleandra, Cavan. Prelect. p. 252. Sporangia receptaculo prope basin venularum im- posita, in soros globosos collecta. Indusia reniformia. Ven: e costa simplices v. furcatee, venulis parallelibus unisoriferis.—Filices rhizomate repente v. erecto ; stipitibus nodoso-articulatis ; frondibus simplicibus, membranaceis v. subcoriaceis.—Neuronia, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 6. Ophiopteris,

Reinw. Syllog. Ratis. vol. ii. p. 3. ; : A O. Sibbaldii, Grev. ‘Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2. vol. i. p. 327, occurs in Tahiti (D. Nelson !).

1. O. mollis, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 41; rhizomate erecto, tereti, ramoso, paleis squamzformibus ovatis obtusis imbricatis obtecto, ramis radices aereas filiformes elongatas deorsum flexas gerentibus, et apicem versus paleis lanceolato-subulatis densissimis obtectis; stipitibus brevibus, glabris, pulvino brevissimo paleaceo ; frondibus supra glabris, subtus pubescentibus, subverticillatis, deciduis, delapsis, pulvinum stipitis dereliquentibus, lineari-lanceolatis, apice submucronato-acuminatis; venis 2-3- furcatis pubescentibus; soris subcostalibus, uniseriatis; indusio membranaceo, integro, oblongo-reni- formi.—Viti (Seemann! n. 750), Ovalau, climbing trees in mountain woods (M‘Gillivray! n. 1). Also from Aneitum (C. Moore!).

XXVII. Nephrolepis, Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 3. Sporangia receptaculo ad apicem venularum imposita, in soros rotundatos collecta. Indusia rotundato-reniformia v. subreniformia, Venæ pinnato- furcatz, venulis liberis ad apices inerassatis.—Filices caudice brevi erecto stolonifero v. repente, -

FLORA VITIENSIS. 361

interdum tuberifero ; frondibus pinnatis ; pinnis articulatis.— Nephrodium, Link, Fil. Sp. (non Rich.) Lepidoneuron, Fée, Gen. Polyp. p. 801.

The following species have been noticed in tropical Polynesia :—1. JV. exaltata, Schott, Gen. Fasc. 1, from the Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand !), Oahu (Macrae ! Barclay! n. 1227), and Maui (Collie !), Tahiti

(Nelson! Barclay !), Tongan Islands (Nelson!), and New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 2. N. ra- mosa, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 102, from Samoa (Powell !).

1. N. tuberosa, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 79; rhizomate oblique fibroso ; stipitibus fasciculatis, brevibus, supra dense infra laxe paleaceis ; frondibus subcoriaceis, linearibus, pinnatis ; pinnis approxi- matis v. imbricatis, basi inzequaliter cordatis, lobo inferiore plus minus rotundato, superiore auricula- tim producto, oblongis, obtusis ; sterilibus serratis, fertilibus undulato-serratis, auricula integerrima, majuscula acuta, dorso rachis pinneeque proxime superioris incumbente ; venis furcatis, ramis anteri- oribus soriferis; soris obliquis; indusio semiorbiculari v. subreniformi, versus apicem pinnse libero. —Aspidium tuberosum, Bory in Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. v. p. 234. N. cordifolia, Baker (ex parte), Syn. Fil. p. 300 (non Polypodium cordifolium, Linn.)—Viti (Seemann! n. 749). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

2. N. acuta, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 79; stipitibus subteretibus, antice sulcatis, flavicantibus, paleaceis ; frondibus membranaceis, viridibus, glabris, oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis, subsessilibus, patentibus, lanceolatis, acutis, crenatis, basi truncato-rotundatis, sursum latioribus, non autem in lobulum dilatatis; venis 3—4-furcatis; soris inter costam et marginem positis, v. submargi- nalibus, indusio reniformi-orbieulare.— Aspidium acutum, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 32. t. 31. A. biserratum, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 34. t. 33.— Viti, Ovalau (M‘Gillivray !), Sandalwood Bay (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Tahiti (Banks and Solander!), and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

3. N. hirsutula, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 79; stipitibus teretibus, antice sulcatis, paleaceo- hirsutis; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis pilis paleaceis pubescentibus, alternis, sub- - sessilibus, patentibus, faleato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, crenatis, apice serratis, basi truncatis, utrinque auritis, auricula sursum spectante longiore angusta acutiuscula, deorsum spectante, oblique rotun- data; nervis furcatis; soris submarginalibus, indusio orbiculari-reniformi,— Polypodium hirsutulum, Forst. Prodr. n. 439. — Aspidium hirsutulum, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 33. t. 33. Nephrodium hirsutulum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 339. Aspidium pilosum, Langsd. et Fisch.—Viti (Seemann! n. 744 ; Harvey! U. S. Expl. Exped. ; Greeffe!). Also from Pacific Islands (Forster !), Tahiti (Banks and Solander !), Isle of Pines (M‘Gillivray!), Upolu (Sir E. Home!), and Wallis’ Island (Sir E. Home !).

Var. B. nudiuscula, Solander, ms. in Prim. Flor. Ins. Oc. Pac. (ined.) ; stipitibus pilis paleaceis e flavo-ferrugineis adpressis; pinnis latioribus pallidioribus, minusque pubescentibus ; soris margina- libus.—Oahu (Nelson!), Tonga Islands (Nelson!), and New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Tana (Barclay !).

4. N. saligna, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus levissimis, strictis, tenuibus, antice late canaliculatis, basi paleaceis; frondibus glaberrimis, longissimis, lineari-lanceolatis, pinnatis ; pinnis alternis, sessilibus, remotis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, articulatis, margine serratis; venis 3-4-furcatis, ramis anterioribus apice soriferis; soris submarginalibus magnis; indusio orbiculari- reniformi integro.—Polypodium salignum, Solander in Herb. Mus. Brit. Nephrolepis splendens, Presl?, Brack. U. S, Expl. Exped. p. 212.— Viti (Seemann! n. 743; Sir E. Home! U. S, Expl. Exped.).—Also from Tahiti (Banks and Solander !), and Mangsi Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

5. N. trichomanoides, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 413; rhizomate repente, filiformi, hirsuto ; stipitibus brevissimis, teretibus, articulatis; frondibus membranaceis, ovato- v. lineari-lanceo-

362 FLORA VITIENSIS.

latis, pinnatis ; pinnis glabris, dimidiato-oblongis, obtusis, integris v. undulatis, basi supra truncato- auriculata, rachi pubescenti parallela ; venis furcatis ; ramis anterioribus, soriferis; soris rotundatis, indnsio reniformi-orbiculari integerrimo.—N. repens, Brack. U. $. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 209.— Viti, Ovalau; on trees in mountain woods (M‘Gillivray! n. 1; U.S. Expl. Exped.).

This species is nearly allied to JV. ramosa, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 102 (Aspidium ramosum, Beauv. Flore d'Oware, p. 54. pl. xci.), but it can at once be distinguished by the truncated frond terminating in a single large pinna, so admirably shown in Beauvois’ figure. It is difficult to understand how it came to be con- founded with Nephrodium obliteratum, R. Br. Prodr., which is a completely different plant, though a true

Nephrolepis (N. obliterata, Carr. ms.). The description of JV. obliterata, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 154, is taken from JN. ramosa, T. Moore.

XXVIII. Nephrodium, Richard in Mich. Flor. Bor.-Amer. vol. ii. p. 266. Sporangia recep- taculo ex medio venularum imposita, in soros globosos compacta. Indusia reniformia. Venz pinnate, prominentes, venulis simplicibus inferioribus conniventi-anastomosantibus,—Filices caudice brevi, suberecto v. repente; frondibus simplicibus, pinnatifidis v. pinnatis.— Cyclosorus, Link, Fil. Sp. Pronephrium, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 258.

In addition to the species described below, the following are recorded from tropical Polynesia:— 1. N. abruptum, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 77, from Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !). 2. WV. molle, Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. vol. vi. p. 258, from Tahiti (Nelson!) and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !). 3. .N. cyatheoides, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 81, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Macrae! Barclay! n. 1226 ; Seemann! Hillebrand!). 4. N. obliquatum, Baker, Syn. Fil p. 264, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 4. N. subsericeum, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 281, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 6. W. Vieillardii, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 282, from New Caledonia (Vieillard). 7. JN. membranifolium, Presl, Rel. Henk. p. 36. t. 5. f. 3 (Polypodium Milnei, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 254, fide Baker), from Tutuna, New Hebrides (Milne).

8. N. latifrons, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 138, from Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.; Douglas; Seemann; Hillebrand). 9. JN. arborescens, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 286, from Samoa (Powell).

1. N. propinquum, R. Br. Prodr. p. 148; rhizomate repente; stipitibus elongatis, levibus, angulatis; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis subpetiolatis, ensiformibus, apice attenuatis, integris, basi trun- cato-cuneatis, inciso-pinnatifidis, subtus pubescentibus; lobis triangulari-oblongis; costa parce paleacea venisque pubescentibus atomis resinosis conspersis; soris submarginalibus confluentibus, indusio piloso.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from the Sandwieh Islands (Menzies ! Nelson! Macrae! Seemann! Hillebrand !) and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !).

2. N. Henkeanum, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 46; stipitibus erectis, pubescentibus ; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnatis; pinnis suboppositis, sessilibus, linearibus, acutissimis, basi obtusis, pinnatifidis; lobis acutis, subfalcatis, integerrimis, rachis cum ramificationibus molliter denseque pubescentibus; venis simplicibus, numerosis, infimis quatuor in arcus anastomosantibus; soris . versus apicem venarum positis, distinctis, tamen approximatis, indusio ciliato.—JN. serratum, Presl, Rel. Hænk. vol. i. p. 34. Aspidium multilineatum, Mett. Aspid. p. 108.—Viti (Harvey !). Also from Tongan Islands (Nelson!) and Upolu, Navigators’ Islands (Sir E. Home!). <

3. N. invisum, Carr. in Herb. Mus. Brit. ; stipitibus erectis, subglabris, supra suleatis, hirsutis, rachibus cum ramificationibus hirsutis; frondibus elongato-ovatis, acuminatis, basi diminuendis, pinnatis; pinnis alternatis, infimis, suboppositis et distantibus, sessilibus, linearibus, acutissimis, basi inerassatis, pinnatifido-serratis, lobo superiore ad basin pinnarum distantium et minorum subpin- natifido, subtus hirsutis, supra glabris; venis simplicibus, infimis, anastomosantibus; soris ad apicem venarum positis, approximatis; indusio hirsuto.— Polypodium invisum, Forst. Prodr. n. 443. Aspidium invisum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 48 (ex parte).—Viti (Seemann! n. 739, 740; Sir E. Home! Barclay! n. 3469; M‘Gillivray!). Also from Pacific Islands (Forster!), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Smith!), Erromanga, and Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray!), New Caledonia Strange !), Tonagatoboo (Sir E. Home !), and Vavao (Barclay !).

FLORA VITIENSIS. | 363

This species is very nearly related to N. propinquum, R. Br., but the enlarged base of the more sessile pinne and the greater pubescence, besides other characters, sufficiently distinguish them.

4, N. nymphale, Carr. ms. ; stipitibus pubescentibus, semiteretibus, supra sulcatis ; frondibus membranaceis, utrinque pubescentibus, oblongis, acuminatis, pinnatis; pinnis alternis, remotis, horizontalibus, lineari-acuminatis, pinnatifidis, apice attenuatis, serratis v. integris, basi cuneatis, infimis distantibus reflexis; lobis oblongis, obtusis, subfaleatis; costa venisque hirsutis; venis sim- plicibus, infimis anastomosantibus ; soris inter costand et marginem loborum positis, indusio hirsuto. —Polypodium nymphale, Forst. Prodr. n. 442. Nephrodium molle, Auct. ex parte. —Viti (U. S. Expl Exped.). Also from Pacific Islands (not New Zealand, as stated in Prodr. Flor. Ins. Aust.) (Forster!), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Nelson! Barclay! n. 3337), Tongan Islands (Nelson ! Barclay! n. 8418), and New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

5. N. truncatum, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 81; stipitibus levis, trisulcatis ; frondibus membranaceis, pinnatis, supra nitidis, ad costam pubescentibus, oblongo-lanccolatis ; pinnis subalternis, sessilibus, lineari-lanceolatis, in apicem serratum denique integerrimum attenuatis, basi subtruncatis, infimis distantibus cordato-ovatis, pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis, truncatis v. obtusis; venis simplicibus, 2 rarius 3 inferioribus anastomosantibus; soris parvis, indusio reniformi integerrimo glabro.— Aspidium truncatum, Gaud. Freyc. Voy. p. 332. t. 10. N. Hudsonianum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 188. t. 25.—Viti, Ngau (M'Gillivray ! Milne!). Also from Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !), Manicola (C. Moore !), and Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Seemann! Hillebrand !).

XXIX. Pleocnemia, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 183. Sporangia receptaculo ex medio venularum imposita, in soros globosos compacta. Indusia reniformia. Ven reticulate et arcuato-anastomo- santes, areolis costalibus elongatis, venulis marginalibus liberis.— Filices rhizomate subarbores- cente ; frondibus amplis, bipinnato-pinnatifidis ; pinnis inferioribus bipartitis v. parvis pinnatifidis.— ` Haplodictyum, Presl, Epim, Bot. p. 50.

1. P. Leuzeana, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 184; caudice brevi, crasso, erecto ; stipitibus striatis, cum ramificationibus supra glanduloso-hirtis; frondibus amplis, subcoriaceis, infra pallidis, subdeltoideis ; pinnis lineari-lanceolatis, pinnatifidis v. inferioribus subpinnatis; laciniis oblongis, subfalcatis, integris, serrato-dentatis, crenatis v. pinnatifidis; soris ad costulam laciniarum uniseriatis v. irregu- lariter bi-triseriatis; indusio reniformi, minuto, fugace. — Polypodium Leuzeanum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. p. 361. t. 6. Nephrodium Leuzeanum, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 61.—Viti (Seemann! n. 741; Harvey! Milne! U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from the Samoan Islands (Powell !).

XXX. Sagenia, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 86. Sporangia receptaculo ex apice venularum liberarum v. ex medio v. anastomosanti venularum coalitarum imposita, in soros rotundatos compacta. Indusia cordato-reniformia. Venæ e costa pinnate prominentes, venulis arcuato- et repetito-anastomosan- tibus cum ramis liberis.—Filices rhizomate brevi erecto v. Sendo v. subrepente; frondibus amplis pinnatis, bi-tripinnatis, sæpe pedato-pinnatis.

The following species have also been found in tropical Polynesia :—1. 8. apiifolia, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 85, from the. Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Strickland! Greaves! Seemann !). 2. 8. caryotideum, Wall. Cat. n. 376, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped.).

1. S. pteropus, Kunze, Bot. Zeit. iv. p. 462; trunco erecto, paleis fuscis ovato-lanceolatis

. acuminatis onusto ; frondibus subcoriaceis, glabris, breviter stipitatis, oblongis, basi longe attenuatis, pinnatipartitis; laciniis ala lata confluentibus, lanceolato-oblongis, acuminatis, subsinuatis, infimis nonnunquam bipartitis, superioribus approximatis; soris inter costas secundarias biseriatis, iisque —

364 FLORA YITIENSIS.

;approximatis, indusio reniformi plano coriaceo.—Aspidium decurrens, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. vol. iii. p. 410 (non Presl). .4. alatum, Brack. (non Wall.)-U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 179.— Viti (See- mann! n. 748; M‘Gillivray!). Also from Tahiti (Nelson! Collie!) and Samoa (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

2. S. pachyphylla, T. Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 99; caudice erecto; stipitibus basi paleaceis; fron- dibus coriaceis, glabris, oblongis, acuminatis, pinnatis ; pinnis infimis, subpetiolatis, superioribus adnatis, lanceolato-oblongis v. e basi subrotundata sensim attenuatis, acuminatis, infimis v. inferio- ribus deorsum bipartitis v. pinnatipartitis, laciniis obtusis fertilibus contractis; soris inter costas secundarias biseriatis majoribus; indusio membranaceo, rigido, glabro, rotundato-oblongo.— Aspidium pachyphyllum, Kunze, Bot. Zeit. vol. vi. p. 259. A. repandum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 179.— Viti (Milne). Also from Aneitum, New Hebrides (M‘Gillivray !), and Tahiti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

8. S. latifolia, Carr. ms. (non Presl); rhizomate repente; stipitibus cum ramificationibus - ebeneis nitidis, infra paleis nigricantibus lanceolatis onustis; frondibus membranaceis, bipinnatis, apice pinnatifidis ; pinnis pinnulisque petiolatis, pinnulis elongato-deltoideis acuminatis, basi cordatis, apice pinnatifidis; segmentis triangulatis acutis v. obtusis crenatis; venis prominulis; soris parvis, subbiserialibus ; indusiis reniformibus, minutis, fugacibus.— Polypodium latifolium, Forst. Prodr. n. 457; Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 234; Schkuhr, Filices, t. 24 (nec Aspidium latifolium, J. Sm., non A. Forsteri, Kze.)). Drynaria latifolia, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 90. Aspidium irregu- lare, Brack, U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 180. Nephrodium irregulare, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 298. Sagenia Hippocrepis, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 181.— Viti (Seemann! n. 747; Sir E. — Home!), Lakemba (Harvey !), Matuku (M‘Gillivray !), Ngau (M'Gillivray !), and Ovalau (M‘Gilli- vray!). Also from Pacific Islands (Forster!), Tahiti (Banks and Solander! Barclay! n. 3328!

' Collie! Salomon Islands (Milne!), and New Hebrides, Tana (W. Anderson! M‘Gillivray !), and Manicola (C. Moore !).

The very caducous indusium of this species has led to its being placed in Polypodium by some authors.

The indusium is small, membranaceous, and reniform. Independent of the form of the true plants, the

indusium supplies an easy means of distinguishing S. latifolia from S. apiifolia, being in the latter species large, firm, and more persistent.

. Trrpus VI. POLYPODIER.

XXXL Polypodium, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 1. Sporangia venarum apice v. latere imposita, in soros rotundos v. ovoideos, superficiales v. immersos aggregata. Venz simplices v. furcatze, venulis liberis.—Filices rhizomate repente, decumbente v. erecto; frondibus simplicibus pinnatifidis pinnatis v. 2-3-pinnatis.— Adenophorus, Gaud. Dict. Class. vol. vi. p. 587. Marginaria, Bory, Dict. Class. vol. vi. p. 587. Cryptosorus, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 281. Lastrea, R. Br. Plant. Jav, Rar. p. 4. Phe- gopteris, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 242. PE

In addition to the species described below, the following bave also been found in tropical Polynesia : — 1. P. Samoense, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 321, from Samoa (Powell, n. 111). 2. P. pleiosorum, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 128, fromv Tahiti (Banks and Solander! D. Nelson! A. Collie! Vesco, Lepine). 3. P. pseudo- grammitis, Gaud. in Freye. Voy. Bot. p. 345, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Macrae! Brackenridge), and Hawaii (Mann). 4. P. sessilifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 168. t. 272 A, from Tahiti (D. Nelson !) and Raiatea (A. Collie!) 5. P. Hookeri, Brack. t. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 4, from Oahu (D. Nel- son! Brackenridge), and Hawaii (Mann). 6. P. minimum, Brack. U.S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 5. t. 1. f. 3 (P. serrulatum, Hook. ex parte, non Swartz), from Sandwich Islands (Menzies! U.S. Expl. Exped., Hille- brand), Hawaii (Mann). 7. P. subpinnatifidum, Bl. Enum. p. 129 (P. Haaliloanum, Brack.), from Sand- wich Islands (U.S, Expl. Exped.), Hawaii (Mann). 8. P. trachycarpum, Mett. Linnea (1869), p. 127,

FLORA VITIENSIS. 365

from Tahiti (Vesco). 9. P. crassifrons, Baker, Syn. Fil., from New Caledonia (Deplanche). 10. P. sub- nudum, Mett. Linnwa, 1869, p. 130, from Society Islands, Huahine (Capt. Cook !), Tahiti (Collie! Barclay ! n. 3827, Vesco, Riebourt). This is a true Polypodium, which has been confounded in herbaria, as Mette- nius states, with Davallia contigua. Indeed, at page 338, I erroneously referred Capt. Cook's specimen to that species. It may, however, be only a Polypodioid state of the Davallia, in which the indusium is almost entirely aborted, and forms only a slightly-raised ridge on the inner margin of the sorus. The sporangia are very short-stalked, grouped in roundish oval sori on the under surface of the pinnules, and extend often along thé margins of the pinnule to its very base; while in Davallia contigua they are confined to the upper half of the pinnule. The rachis is green, not dark, and less setose also than in the Davallia. 11. P. lasio- stipes, Mett. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vol. xv. p. 76, from New Caledonia (Vieillard, n. 1601, 1602). 12. P. sarmentosum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 8. t. 2. f. 3, from Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson! Macrae! U.S. Expl. Exped.), Hawaii (Mann). 13. P. adenophorus, Hook. et Arn. Beechey's Voy. p. 104. pl. xxii., from Sandwich Islands (Beechey, Macrae!), Hawaii (Mann). 14. P. decorum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p.7. t. 2. f. 2, from Society Islands, Tahiti (Banks and Solander! U.S. Expl. Exped.), Raiatea (Collie !), and Sandwich Islands, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray!). 15. P. pellucidum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 101, from Sand- wich Islands, Oahu (Chamisso, Nelson! Menzies! Macrae! Hillebrand! Douglas, n. 75), Hawaii (Mann). 16. P. tamariscinum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 117, from Sandwich Islands (Chamisso, Nelson ! Menzies! Barclay ! Mann, Remy). 17. P. tripinnatifidum, Presl, Tent. p. 178 (P. Hillebrandii, Hook.), from Sandwich Islands (Macrae! Strickland! Hillebrand! Mann). 18. P. hymenophylloides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 118, from Sandwich Islands (Chamisso, Strickland! Mann). ` 19. P. abietinum, Eaton, Proc. Am. Acad. of Arts and Sc. vol. vii. (1867), p. 219, from Sandwich Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped., Baldwin, Mann). 20. P. unisorum, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 307, from Sandwieh Islands (Hillebrand). 21. P. rufescens, Blume, Fil. Jav. p. 194. t. 91, from’ New Caledonia (fide Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 309). 22. P. unidentatum, Hook. and Arn., Beechey Voy. p. 105, from Sandwich Islands (Nelson! Hillebrand ! Mann). 23. P.crinale, Hook. and Arn., Beechey Voy. p. 105, from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand! U. S. Expl. Exped., Mann). 24. P. Honolulense, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 280 (P. Hillebrandii, id. p. 254), from Sandwich Islands (Hillebrand). 25. P. Sand- wicense, Hook. and Arn., Beechey Voy. p. 104, from Sandwich Islands (Beechey, U. S. Expl. Exped., Mann). 26. P. Keraudrenianum, Gaud. Freye. Voy. p. 862. t. 7, from Sandwich Islands (D. Nelson! Strickland! Freycinet, U. S. Expl. Exped., Diell, Hillebrand, Mann).

1. P. conforme, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 5. t. 1. f. 9; rhizomate czspitoso ; sti- pitibus brevibus; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis, obtusis, basi attenuatis, membranaceis, glibris, ad marginem paullulum repandum costamque setosis; venis furcatis; soris biserialibus approximatis, planis, rotundis; costz proximis; sporangiis echinatis.— Viti, Ovalau, on rocks and trunks of trees at an altitude of 2000 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

nene P. ligulatum, Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 320; stipitibus brevibus, gracilibus, nudis, czespitosis ; frondibus subcoriaceis, ligulatis; utrinque attenuatis, subrepandis, glabris; venis furcatis; soris rotundis, remotis, costee proximis.— Viti (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

3. P. blechnoides, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. iv. p. 180; rhizomate brevi, repente; frondibus stipitatis, coriaceis, glabris, utrinque attenuatis, profunde pinnatifidis; laciniis oblongo-linearibus v. fertilibus attenuato-linearibus, basi subtriangulatis, alternis, integris, obtusis; venis obscuris, simplicibus ; . soris approximatis, oblongo-ovalibus v. lineari-oblongis, obliquis, planis, setosis.—Grammitis blech- noides, Grev. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. vol. i. (1848), p. 328. pl. xvii. P. contiguum, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 6. t. 2. f. 1. Cryptosorus Seemanni, J. Smith, ‘ Bonplandia,’ vol. ix. p. 262.—From Viti (Seemann! n. 823), Muthuata Mountains, at an altitude of 2000 feet (U. S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Raiatea, Friendly Islands (Sibbald). ;

XXXII. Goniopteris, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 181. Sporangia venarum latere v. apice imposita, in soros globosos collecta. Venz prominentes, pinnate, venulis conniventim anastomosantibus, ultima venula e confluentia venularum excurrente, libera v. ad confluentia venularum mox superio- rum elongata.—Filices rhizomate brevi decumbente, frondibus pinnatifidis v. pinnatis.— Glyphotenium, J. Sm. Bot. Herald, p. 227.

[PUBLISHED JUNE 1, 1871.] 9 B

366 FLORA VITIENSIS.

The following species is also found in tropical Polynesia :—Goniopteris Sandvicensis, Carr. mss. (Stenogramma Sandwicense, Brack. U. 8. Expl. Exped. p. 26. pl. iv. f. 2), from the Sandwich Islands (Nelson ! Macrae! U.S. Expl. Exped.), and Hawaii (Mann).

1. G. simplicifolia, Carr. ms.; caudice subrepente ; stipitibus paleaceo-setosis, rachibus venis venulisque hirsutis ; frondibus pinnatis, hirsutulis; pinnis paucis, elliptico-oblongis, integris v. sinuatis, obtusis v. acuminatis, sessilibus, terminali maxima oblongo-lanceolata acuminata basi ingqual obtusa; soris elongatis, anastomosantibus, venularum approximatis.— Polypodium simplici- folium, Hook. Sp. Fil. vol. v. p. 2. Nephrodium simplicifolium, J. Sm. Hook. Journ. 1841, p. 411. Abacopteris simplicifolia, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 310. Aspidium simplicifolium, Hook. Ic. Fil. pl. 919.

Var. B. Vitiensis ; frondibus glabris; pinnis adnatis; soris medio venularum insertis.— Viti (See- mann! n. 736). :

2. G. rubrinervis, Carr. ms. ; frondibus chartaceis glaberrimis, pinnatisectis; laciniis oblique patentibus, sessilibus, elongato- v. lineari-oblongis, e basi oblique truncatis, crenatis v. serratis, apice subintegerrimo productis; soris inter costulas biseriatis, radio intercostali approximatis.— PAegopteris rubrinervis, Mett. Linnea, 1869, p. 116.—Viti (Thorey, n. 158). Also from New Ireland (Turner), Aneitum, New Hebrides (Strange).

9. G. costata, Brack. U. S. Expl. Exped. Filices, p. 28; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus distantibus subalternis, glabris lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis, pinnatifidis; laciniis oblongis, obtusis, integris; rachi sulcata costaque supra pubescentibus; soris numerosis, approximatis, biseria- libus.— Viti (U.S. Expl. Exped.). Also from Tahiti, Society Islands (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

XXXIII. Dictyopteris, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 194.. Sporangia anastomosi venularum insi- dentia, in soros globosos v. oblongos collecta. Venæ tenues, reticulate, absque venulis liberis.— Filices rhizomate repente, frondibus simplicibus v. bipinnatis.—Dictymia, J. Sm. Bot. Mag. (1846), App. 16.

1. D. attenuata, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 194; rhizomate repente, apice subulato-squamoso ; stipi- tibus brevibus glabris, basi articulatis; frondibus coriaceis, glabris, lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, basi at- tenuatis, integris ; costa infra prominenti; venis immersis, obscuris, reticulatis ; areolis costalibus elon- gatis; soris magnis, ellipticis, remotis.—P. attenuatum, R. Br. Prodr. p. 146. Dictymia attenuata, J. Sm. Bot. Mag. 1816, App. p. 16. Drynaria Browniana, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 270.— Viti (Milne !).

2. D. irregularis, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 194; stipitibus tetragonis, glabris, sulcatis; frondibus amplissimis, pinnatis, glabris; pinnis sessilibus, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, superioribus basi decurrentibus, aliis basi obtuse cuneatis; laciniis falcato-ovatis, obtusis, subserrulatis, infimis elon- gatis, acutis, inciso-pinnatifidis; soris sparsis, numerosissimis, rotundatis v. ovatis.—Polypodium irregulare, Presl, Rel. Hænk. p. 25. t. 4. f. 3; Blume, Fil. Jav. p. 164. t. 71. D. macrodonta, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 194.—From Viti (Seemann! n. 746). ^.

XXXIV. Goniophlebium, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 185. Sporangia apice venule infime axil- laris et venularum secundariarum imposita, in soros globosos collecta. Venæ furcate v. pinnatze, venulis oppositis, angulatim v. arcuatim anastomosantibus, infima ex axilla superiori venæ libera, - venulis marginalibus liberis.—Filices rhizomate repente, frondibus simplicibus pinnatifidis v. pinnatis. —Marginaria, Presl, Tent. Pter. p. 186, non Bory.

In addition to the species described, the following has been found in tropieal Polynesia :— G. grandi- dens, Fée, Gen. Polyp. p. 255, from New Hebrides, Aneitum (M‘Gillivray !).

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