Q وه م‎ «00.53 IPS Ved ICONES PLANTARUM INDIA ORIENTALIS: FIGURES OF INDIAN PLANTS. BY ROBERT WIGHT, M.D, F.L.S, &. MEMBER OF THE IMP. ACAD. NATURE CURIOSORUM OF THE ROYAL RATISBON BOTANICAL SOCIETY, &c.&c.&c. SURGEON OF THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT. Vol V. MADRAS: SOLD BY MESSRS. FRANCK AND CO. CALCUTTA: MESSRS. OSTELL, LEPAGE AND CO.; LONDON: H. BAILLIERE. PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY P. R. HUNT, AMERICAN MISSION PRESS. 1852. Mo. Bot. Garden 1904, INDEX TO ICONES VOLUME V. Cryptochilus کٹ‎ (Wall.) 7 Cucumis 10 ... 1810 Cucurbitacea. . Eo 1810 Callenia excelsa (R. w. y ...1761-2 Cure posteriores ... Sec 1915 Cyathula capitata see 1782 ———— orbiculata ii 1783 一 -一 一 一 tomentosa . "481 Cylicodaphne tetranthera 1817 一 一 一 一 一 一 Wightiana 1833-1840 Cymbidium aloifolium (Sw.) 1687-88 erectum (R. W.) 30,3758 tenuifolium(Willd.) 911-1689 — — triste (Willd.) ... 1689 Cypripedium purpuratum(Lind)1760 Cyrtopera Cullenii (R. W.) ... 1754 flava (Roxb.) 1690-1754 fusca (R. W.) ... 1690 Cytheris pere (Lind.) 1751-2 Griffithii (R. W.) 1751-2 Dalechampia E BF Capensis 1881 Indica... 1882 DOS e. ..... 22221938235 —— pedunculosa ..- 1919-4 exi foliosa is 1919-2 سے‎ Lowii ہے‎ 1919-3 ——— longipes == sis ...1920-2 pulchella GE 1920-2 一 一 一 ramosissima ... ... 1920 Zeylanica .. sve 4919-1 Daphnidiane = ¿280 Dendrobium album (R. W.) 35 gi e 11648 — — aureum ( Lind.) 1646 —— denudans ... +. 1643 بده‎ filiforme (R. W.) 1642 —— graminifolium (R.W.) 1649 humile (R. W.) 1643 Jerdonianum (R.W.) 1644 macrostachyum(Lind)1647 ramosissimum شین‎ ) 1648 Dicrea dichotoma . . 1916-2 سے‎ elongata = 4917-1 سس‎ longifolia ... ... 1916-4 — rigida 1916-5 stylosa sai ... 1917-2 ———— Wallichii p 1916-1 一 一 一 E . 1916-3 sa 1817 Dienia pri SL (Lind.) 1630 Diplocentrum congestum(R.W.)1682 longifolium (R. W.) 1681 recurvum (Lind.) 1680 Diploclinium ... ... 1810-1817 Arnottianum ... 1815 biloculare ... 1814 cordifolium eos 1816 Lindleyanum ... 1817 Disperis Neilgherrensis (R. W.) 1719 -一 一 一 tripetaloides (Lind.) ... 1719 Celogyne angustifolia (A.Rich.) 1641 corrugata (R. W.)... 1639 nervosa (A. Rich.) 868 — odoratissima (Lind.) 1640 Calanthe Perrottetii (A. Rich.) 1664-65 -一 一 一 一 veratrifolia (Lind. ) 1664-65 Campanulacee ... sn ... 1810 Camphorea e Ar 1817 Camphora officinarum .. 1818 Cansjera Rheedii 3 1861 scandens . ... ter 1861 Caroxylon Indicum Aus 1794 Casearea elliptica ... ... 1849 Cassytha filiformis ses 1847 Cassythee ... dai + 1817 Celosia argentea ... ses 1767 aspera dk . 1772 cristata ... ver 1767 polygonoides ... ... 1768 pulchella ... 3$ 1768 Centrostachys aquatica .. 1780 Cephalanthera acuminata(R.W.)1721 : ; 4908 Chamissoa albida ۶ 1769 aspera dvi 22272 dichotoma wood nodiflora ess 1770 pres mê . 1767 Cheirostylis flabellata (R. W. y 1727 Chenopodiacee T + 1810 Chenopodina Indica S 1793 —— microphylla ... 1793 Chenopodium ambrosioides 1786 Chiloschista usnioides (Lind.)... 1741 Cinnamomee ... سا‎ 1817 Cinnamomum 1817 Cirrhopetalum albidum (R.W. ) 1653 ————— caudatum _ (R. W.) 1658 — ———— fimbriatum (R. W.) 1655 — — ——- grandiflorum (R.W.) 1656 Macrei? (Lin.) 1652-1656 Neilgherrense (R. W.)1654 — — —— Walkerianum - W.)1657 Claoxylon digynum . 1884-86 muricatum ... موه‎ 1886 Coccoloba Indica ... aa 1806 Cometes Surattensis ... +++ 1785 Composite s vee 1862 Conspectus odostemacee1915 Cottonia macrostachya (R. W.) 1755 Croton Aromaticum ... ... 1915 i a 5 1915 7 ۰ ane 1886 —— polyandrum 47-3885 一 一 一 Tiglium ... 4 —— umbellatum e 1874 „ans ٠ 2x 861 ] $ eso 1817 Cryptocarya floribunda . 1829 —— Griffi bad 1880 Acalyphee . 1861 Aceras angustifolia (Lind) ` 1691 Achyranthes aspera ... 4977 —— bidentata ¿es 1779 brachiata.. Q 1778 Jruticosa Si 1778 orbiculata ... 21783 —— ————— rubrofusca ... 1778 Acriopsis Indica (R. W.) . 1748 Javanica (Bl. ) 1748 Acrodiclidia ... žá a. 7 Actephila Neilgherrensis .. 1910 Actinodaphne angustifolia ++. 1841 —— — melochina . 1843 ———————— speciosa s 1842 Adelia neriifolia ... = 1868 retusa oon eee 1869 ZEceolades tenera (Lind.) 1683 ZErides cylindricum ... .. 1744 Lindleyanum (R. W.) 7 Wightianum (Lind.)... 1669 Aérva brachiata ... en 1776 floribunda ... 1776-81 puc Tonata. IS PELO (R.W.) ... m a 1287 Agyneia bacciformis E 1893 Aleurites lacciferum ... ^. 1915 věky OP Amanoa Guianensis ... = 1911 See Indica ... ... 191 1 Anectochilus setaceus (Blume) 1731 Andrachne trifoliata ... ... 0 Anisonema multiflora 1895-1-1899 Antidesmee iù ... 1866-76-77 Apollonias Arnottii ... 1819 Apaturia Lindleyana (R. W. i 1662 senilis (Lind, . 1662 Apetalon minutum (R. W.) 1758 Appendicula seltii (BL) ... 1748 Aristolochia Indica iiec ass 1858 lanceolata 1858 Arundenia bambusifolia (Lind.) 1661 Atriplex heterantha .. ... 1787 Baliospermum polyandrum 1885 Banalia thyrsiflora ... z.. dál Begoni و‎ E 1810 Begonia dipetala ca i B13 —-— Grahamiana + 1811 ] سس‎ Malabarica ... ... 1817 su ta بو‎ 1812 Beilschmiedia Roxburghiana 1828 Blackwellia tetrandra ... 1851 Boerhaavia re val we» 1766 Bolbophyllum Calamaria... 1749 Careyanum ہے‎ ... 1650 rit it 0 1651‏ ارد —— tremulum (R. W.) ووي‎ = 1749 Briedelia spinosa — <. ... 1905 Bromheadia palustris (Lind.) 1740 Buxex ... . ... eee 1861 1622 1625 1629 1629 Oberonia Brunoniana (R. W.) denticulata (R. W.) —— — Griffithii (R. W.) — — —— imbricata? (Blume) —— — — — — Lindleyana (R. W.) 1624 — platycaulon (R. W.) 1623 —— verticillata (R. W.) 1626 ———— Wightiana (Lindley in Herb W.) és 7 Obione Belangeri ie 1789 ——fera . see ser 8 Konigii ... په‎ 1790 ———- Stocksii SS چو‎ 79 Olacinee ... ane svi 1861 Orcodaphnee ... see 4.71817 Osyris peltata des 1883 Wightiana ... . 1853 Oxysepala ovalifolia (R. W. > 1736 Pachystemon ... . 1883 Pattonia macrantha (R. MOR 1750 Pierardia Courtallensis . 1912-13 一 一 一 一 macrostachys 1912-13 Peltandra ... p 1890 一 一 一 一 longipes +.» 1891 ———— parvifolia 1892 Peristylus exilis (R. W.) ... 8 ———— Lawii (R. W.)... 5 سب سس‎ Richardianus (R. W.) 1697 ——-—— robustior (R. W.) 1699 ———— spiralis (Richd ) 1696 Perse® ... owe — B17 Persea gratissima en -— 1823 Phajas bicolor (Lind.) 1659-60 Phoebee ... و‎ ves 1817 Phoebe glaucesens 1885 — ——— lanceolata ... o 1821 سب‎ paniculata —... ... 1820 villosa os 1822 Phreatia uniflora (R. W.) 1734 Phyllanthee ... => a 4861 Fhyllanthus a rá 1896 bacciformis ... 1893 ———-— leprocarpus ... 1895 —— Madraspatensis ... 1895 — — — multiflorus 1895-98-99-1901 一 一 一 一 myrtifolius a 1902 مس سے‎ Nimri ... ... 1894 ———— polyphyllus ... 1895 — rhamnoides 1895-98-1900 Rheedii 5 ... 1895 سے‎ ——— scandens .. 1895-99 tetrandrus 1900-1902-1903 —— ——— turbinatus ... 454-1897 — vitis idea 1898-1900 aculeata, ... 1763-64 georgina Di 1763-64 A indifoli «te 1765 Podochilus falcatus — ... 1748-2 le tw (R. W.) 1748-2 Podostemacez ... D 1915 Podostemon a s 1917-18 一 一 一 一 一 ې‎ o 1916-2 — elougdius ne 41 — سے‎ Griseus ... 1918-3 سس‎ — —— — olivaceus su 1918-2 — — —— rigidus ... 1916-5 = subulatus ... 1918-1 Wallichi 1916-1 Wightii _... 1916-3‏ سد Pogonia biflora (R. W.) | 1758-2‏ carinata (Lind.) ... 1720‏ - 1833 ۰ INDEX. Habenaria plantaginea (Lind.) 1710 —— platyphylla (Spreng) 1709 一 一 一 一 Richardiana (R. W.) 1713 —— — — trinervia (R. W.) 1701 —— — — viridiflora (R. Br. E 1705 Hemicyclia sepiaria . 1872 Herandia sonora ... da 1855 Hexacentris E ... 7 Hippomanex sa 1861 Horsfieldia odorata ... . 1857 Hydrobryum 1915-1918-5 —————— griseum 1918-3 一 一 — olevaceus ... 1918-2 Illecebrum brachiatum TO Ipsea speciosa (Lind.) ... 1663 Josephia lanceolata (R. W.) 1742 ——— latifolia (R. W.) ... 1743 Katon Niruri ... asi ... 1899 Kirganelia ows ae 1894 Kochia Indica .. 2431291 Lauracez ... 1817-1855 Laurus xs E . 1833 bilocularis ... «és 1828 — lanceolaria ... . 1821 esta . نے‎ = 1832 CIS => DN Lawia Zeylanica € .. 1919-1 Lepidadenia ... .. 1833-36-38 ———— ——— glabrata dia 1838 — Griffithii ... ... 1846 Neesiana ٠ 1840 ovalifolia +.. 1839 —— Wightiana 1836-1336-7 Lichinora Jerdoniana ros W.) 1738 Liparis a 9 1633 ———— biloba شچ‎ W.) se: 1699 elliptica (R. nd yas ma sa885 — iridiflora وا ےہ‎ Litsea posta د‎ ies 1844 — oblonga S ... 1845 Macaranga flexuosa He 1883 Indica ... ++. 1883 = yas 1883 tomentosa ... vee 1883 Machilus glaucesens یں‎ SF —— — macrantha .. ce. 1824 Macrea . ... vit E 1900 ———— Gardneriana ... 1902-3 —— myrtifolia ... ۰-9 ——— oblongifolia... 1902-1 ovalifolia ... ... 1902-4 ——— Rheedii = 53907 Manostachys 5 ... 1912-13 appa ... aes ... 1883 Melanthesa Chinensis ... 1898-2 — obliqua ... 1898-2 — i ... 1898-1 truncata ... vee 1897 نس‎ Y turbinata 1897-98-2 Me eee vi ...: 1847 Microelus Roeperianus ... 1880 Microstylis discolor (Lind.) ... 1631 — — —— — luteola (R. W.) 1632 سس‎ versicolor ... 328 سیت‎ Hookeriana ... 1918-4 ———— Johnsonii ... 1918-5 Monochilus affine (Lind.) ... 1728 : Habella si Mucuna ES چو‎ « 1861 وسن بپ‎ stricta... 1733 jea je اعد‎ ar ie Horsfieldii — ... 57 +e ee 2817 Nepenthes: a. sv 6 Oberonia anthropophora ... 1626 Oberonia Arnottiana (R. W.) 1628 1 Dodecadenia va. 1898 Durio Ceylanica (Gardner) | 1761-2 Eleagnus conferta .. . 1856 —— latifolia = 1856 Emblica officinalis ... 1895-2-95 Epipactis carinata (Roxb.) ... 1720 —— —— Dalhousie (R. W) 1723 ——— macrostachya (Lind.) 1722 Eria pauciflora (R. W.) ... 1636 —— polystachya (Ach. Richard) 1634—35 —— pubescens (R. W.) ... 1634-35 —— reticosa (R. W.) ... ... 1637 Eulophia macrostachya (Lind.) 1667—68 سب‎ ramentacea (Lind.) 1666 Euphorbiacee .. 1810-1861 Euphorbia glauca... ... 1864 — — leta ... e 1864 ————— Nivulia ©... ... 1862 —— — — Rothiana 1864 一 一 - segetalis ... 4 — trigona ... ae 1863 Euphrobosces pigmea sum m 7 Euxolus caudatus — ... e. 1773 Excecaria Agallocha — ... 1865 一 -一 一 一 crenulata ... ... 1865 ———— oppositifolia... 1865 Falconera Malabarica ... 1866 ———— Wallichiana ... 1866 Flaviflora Ns e cS rid Fluggea leucopyrus p 1874 Gelonium lanceolatum yd Gesnerace® 1 1810 Giesehia molluginoides 1918-5 一 一 -一 一 ooo 1918-5 Givotia Rottleriformis ^ eis 1889 Glochidion PS ave se 1905 — arboreum ہے‎ 1907-1 سے‎ ellipticum ... ... 1906 一 一 一 一 Heyneanum ... 1907-1 ———— Neilgherrense ... 1907-1 ———— velutinum ... 1907-2 Glochisandra wee ... 1904-4 ————— acuminata ... 1905 Gnidia eriocephala se < 9 一 一 一 Sisparensis ave 1860 Gomphrena globosa > oor 1284 Goodyera elongata 1730 — ovalifolia (R. W. ) 1730 1 د‎ procera n. „ 1729 Goughia ... 2 1877 ——— Griffithiana we ۱۳ سو‎ — Nei ucro en, Gramatophyllum pen 17 Gynoon 1905 چب وې des‏ 一 -一 一 He k 1905-08 hirsuta és ... 9 ——— Jussieuanum ... 1908 په سو‎ nei triandrum s.. ... 1908 Gyrinops Walla ... `... 1850 Haasia media ie „+ 1831 ——— Wightü ... ção 1831 Habenaria affinis (R. W.) ... 1707 — cephalotes (Lind.) 1 — — —— decipiens (R.W.)927-1714 ب‎ ciis MM: sagt pa 1201 —— سے‎ elliptica (R. W.) ^. 1706 —— —— fimbriata (R. W.) . 1712 — foliosa (Richd.) ... 0 一 一 一 一 Heyneana (Lind.) 1703-4 一 一 一 一 دوښو د‎ (R. wy 1715 ———— montana(Richd.) 927-1714 一 一 一 一 ovalifolia (R. W.) 8 一 一 一 一 peristyloides (R. W.) 1702 iii Teniophyllum parviflora(R.W.)1669 ———— pulchella (R. W.) 1671 ———— spathulata ... 1669 一 一 一 一 Wightiana? (Lina) 1670 Tetrantheree ... ; . 1817 'Tetranthera di 1817-1833 — glabrata ... 1838 ligustrina 1835 monopetala . 1833 Panamanja Y. 1836 tomentosa ... ... 4 一 一 一 一 Wightiana oe 1833 Thesium Wightianum (^ 5 ymalee ... پا‎ 1861 Tiglium Klotcheanum .. 1914 ——— officinale s“ 1914 Tomex ... . 1833 Tragularia horrida 7 63-64 Trigonostemon heteranthum 0 Trewia nudiflora Y ... 1870-71 —— h serratum ... 0 Tristicha leer ... 1920-2 — — hypnoides 1920-2 Zeylanica .. 1919-1 Tulasnea = ies ++ 1915 Umbellifere 1810 Violea (P.) glaucesens . دي غه‎ TORD Ximenea olacioides n. 1861 Zosterostylis Walkera 1748-4 ———--— Zeylanica ... 1748-4 Zuxine bracteata ... 1724-bis. brevifolia ... eee 1725 ——— robusta eee we 1426 سس‎ sukata — ... .. 1724-25 INDEX. Rumex Nepalensis 224810 Saccolabium guttatum (Lind.) 1745-6 一 niveum (Lind.) ... 1676 paniculatum(R.W.) 1676 一 papillosum (Lind.) 1672 一 一 一 一 Rheedii (R. W.) 1745-6 rubrum (Lind.) 1673 —— speciosum (R. W.) 1674-75 Salsola spinescens — ... . 1795 Sarcanthus filiformis (R. W.) 1684 pauciflorus (R. W.) 1747 roseus (R. W.) 1685 一 一 一 一 Walkerianus (R. W.) 1686 Sarcoclinium ... és . 1886 longifolium 1887 -88 Sarcococca trinervia ... de 7 Sarcospermum s 2 1910 Sarcostigma Kleinii }.. مه‎ 1854 Sassafras Parthenoxylon 1832 Satyrium albiflorum (Richd.) 1717 Perrottetianum ... 1716 rn 5 1718 Scevolee ... وغه‎ o 2 1810 Schmidia bicolor ... 1848 Spathoglottis pubescens (Lind.) 1739 Spiranthes australis = 1724 ———— densa? ٢ .. 1724 一 一 一 -一 سیت‎ ive 1724 一 一 一 一 Wightiana ... . 1724 Sterculia ... eit 1861 Stylodiscus trifoliatus 1880 Suæda Indica . o ... 1796 x monoica ... په‎ S 'ymplocacee scc 187829 Taniophyllum Jerdonianum ... 1756 . 1810 1797 . 1808 1798 ss. 1806 1801 . 1799 1803 ... 1808 1807 . 1804 1802 . 1800 1805 1678 1679 . 1776 1775 ... 1809 1775 . 1783 1876 . 1857 1902-4 1904-1 1903 1904-2 1904-3 1904-4 1899 s 0 1915 1870-71 . 1873-86 eee 1915 fimbriata A Polygonacee Polygonum ambiguum — ——— aviculare ——— n barbatum Chinense ————— Donii ————— glabrum 一 一 一 一 一 horridum 一 一 一 一 一 Indicum molle Nepalense 一 一 一 一 一 pedunculare ... strictum ... — —— —— Wallichii Polystachya luteola (Hooker) purpurea (R. W.) Pscudanthus brachiatus Psilotrichum nudum Pteropyrum Oliverii ... E Ptilotus ovatus ... Pupalia orbiculata .. Putranjiva Roxburghii Pyrrhosa Horsfieldii ... Reidia ise dus — floribunda ... secs. latifolia ——— ovalifolia polyphylla 08 Rhamnus Zeylanica Rhododendron ... Rottlera dicocca 一 -一 -一 Indica ——— peltata ———— 6 ... ... ... ... ve. JAMYDEE. Casearia elliptica ys 311د1103‎ Blackwellia tetrandra SANTALACEE. Osyris Wightiana ... 'Thesium Wightianum ARISTOLOCHIACEJE. Aristolochia lanceolata © EUPHORBIACE X. Actephila Neilgherrensis Adelia neriefolia retusa . Agyneia bacciformis Amanoa Indica Anisonema multiflora Baliospermum polyandrum Ceratogynum rharanoides Claoxylon digynum ... ... ... ... ... Emblica officinalis Euphorbia Nivulia vex ———— Rothiana ... Excecaria crenulata ... Falconera Malabarica ہے‎ Fluggea leucopyrus ... Gelonium lanceolatum Givotia Rottleriformis Glochidion arboreum ` ellipticum... — vilutinum Glochisandra acuminata Goughia Neilgherrensis F Neilgherrensis ... ... eee Melanthesa obliqua ... rhamnoides turbinata... ` Microelus Roeperianus Peltandra longipes ———— parvifolia Pierardia macrostachys ... Polygonum Wallichii Pteropyrum Oliverii... Rumex Nepalensis BEGONIACEZE, Begonia dipetala 一 一 -一 Grahamiana ————- subpeltata ... Diploclinium Arnottianum biloculare cordifolium Lindleyanum هشل‎ 1: Z. Actinodaphne angustifolia —— — — —— molochina t.. ... ... —— T speciosa Alseodaphne semecarpifolia semecarpifolia (3) Apollonias Arnottii ... Beilschmiedia Roxburghiana... Camphora officinarum ... Cassyta filiformis ... zu floribunda یسب‎ Griffithiana _ use cr Lepidadenia glabrata — —— —— Griffithii.., Neesiana ovalifolia ... —— — — Wightiana Litsea Ceylanica... oblonga Machilus glaucescens — ... ——— macrantha ... Persea, gratissima ... Phoebe lanceolata paniculata villosa.. dla بیو‎ Sassafras Parthenoxylon .. Tetranthera ligustrina Panamanja ... tomontosa — MYRISTICACEE, ^ ELAGNACEX, . Eleagnus latifolia - /THYMELACER, Cansjera Rheedii Gnidia eriocephala Sisparensis HERNANDIACER. Hernandia Sonora Sarcostigma. Kleinii AQUILARINES, ... eae ... ... eae ... ... ... a... eer Gyrinops Walla ... 0 INDEX ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NATURAL ORDERS.—VOL. V. 2703161 2. Cullenia excelsa . 1761-62 PARONYCHIACE E. Cometes Surattensis ... — رن‎ ACANTHACEA, Sohmilia bicolor = + 3848 NYCTAGINACER, Boerhaavia repanda ... .. 1766 Pisonia aculeata F sts 1763 aculeata 9 ... . 1764 morindifolia ves 1765 AMARANTACEJE, Achyranthes aspera ... ses: 1777 تر‎ bidentata. .. 1779 o rubrofusca a. 1278 Aérva floribunda ... 1776 Banalia thyrsiflora — ... +. 1774 Celosia argentia |... . غو‎ 1767 pulchella vše TL ITEM Centrostachys aquatica ... 1780 3 Chamissoa albida | هده زج‎ AOS. — - aspera... ssi 1772 dichotoma... A IIT — nodiflora es 1770 Cyathula capitata — ... ... 2 Euxolus caudatus ... ہاج‎ ITS Gomphrena globosa e 1784 Psilotrichum nudum ... sre vedo Pupalia orbiculata vee 1783 CHENOPODIACEZ. ` Atriplex heterantha ... ++, 1787 Caroxylon Indicum ge 1794 Chenopodina Indica ... ++. 1793 Chenopodium ambrosioides 1786 Kochia Indica ... ees vow 1291 Obione fera وت‎ E 1788 - Konegii د‎ c us 1700 Stocksil ... 5 1789 Salsola spinescens — ... o 1795 Suxda Indica ... So 1796 monoica هه‎ .. 1792 PoLYGONACE zz, Polygonum ambiguum 5 3797 x — barbatum ~. 1798 Chinense .. 1806 Donii we 1801 glabrum se 1799 horridum o 1803 Indicum ... « 1808 molle ٢ re 1807 Napalense +. 1804 pedunculare ,.. 292 — strictum Lichinora Jerdoniana ... 1738 Liparis atropurpurana s.. 1633 biloba sr š 1633 elliptica وه‎ ° EN viridiflora > 1735 Microstylis discolor هه‎ 1631 luteola ... son 1632 nn versicolor 1632 Monochilus affine — ... eve 1728 — = flabellatum ` ç; 1727 Mycaranthus stricta sa- 1738 Oberonia anthropophora مه‎ 1626 Arnottiana ... seo 1628 Brunoniana v 1622 denticulata ... يک‎ GAG ———— Griffithii n 1629 E imbricata ? «v 1629 سم‎ Lindleyana .. 1624 ————- platycaulon ve, 1623 —— — —- verticillata se: 1626 ———— Wightiana ... 3099 Oxysepala ovalifolia 0 1736 Pattonia macrantha ... vee 1750 Peristyles exilis ہے‎ dês 1698 Lawii aoe +4 1695 ————- Richardianes ... 1697 —— robustior +... =, 1099 — —— spiralis ... vor 1696 Phajas blood vês +. 1659-60 Phreatea uniflora hi 6512794 Platanthera affinis ... ... 1693 brachiphylea 1694 iantha ws sei 1692 Podanthera pallida ... ... 1795 Podochilus faleatus ... ...1748-2 Malabarieus ... 1748-2 ! ja biflora, ہے تت‎ 1758-3. —— v carinata svi MASS roni Palysacya Inteola +: =... 1988 سے سے‎ 07 ae Saccolabium guttatum : مک ےی‎ —————— niveum عم‎ - 1676 ————— paniculatum .. 1676 papillosum ... 9 Rheedii e. 1745-6 rubrum = 4.0... 1673 spiciosum ... 1674 75 Sarcanthus filiformis 203 د‎ 45 一 一 一 一 pauciflorus ... 7 roseus ۹ه‎ 2. 1685- Walkerianus ... 1686 Satyrium albiflorum ... ا‎ 1717 Perrottetianum ... ate 1716 Wightianum es 1718 Spathoglottis pubescens ... — 1739 Spiranthes australis... ... 1724 — densa? A 1724 — ispicata AE >: = Wightiama .. 1724 "eniophyllum dom wes 1756 parviflora ... 1669 pulchella ISE athulata sek 1669 ightiana ? ‘ese 1670 Zosterostylis Walkera ل‎ Zeylanica ...1748-4 Zuxine bracteata ۱۳ 172425 Mime fare 1120 oe E E 1726 ٢ 1724-25‏ کک و یچ apod‏ Chilochista usnioides ... ^^. 174] Cirrhopetalum albidum ... 1653 يم‎ caudatum .., «i 1658 fimbriatum ... 1655 一 -一 一 grandiflorum .. 1656 — ———— Macr&? ... 1652,1656 Neilgherrense . 1654 ———— Walkerianum ... 1657 Cottonia macrostachya wee 1755 Cryptochilus sanguinea ... 1757 Cymbidium aloifolium 1687-88 erectum ave „= 1408 tenuifolium ... 911-1619 triste ... we +. 1689 Cypripedium purpuratum 1760 Cyrtopera Cullenü _... . 1754 1690-1754 INDEX. Slava 一 一 一 fusca zn 1690 Cytheris Cordi ifolia ` ite 1751-2 ‚Griffithii ... sà - 9 Dendrobium album ... 1645 — alpestre ve s 1643 aurium en 57646 denudans 7: 1643 filiforme vo, 1642 graminifolium ... 1649 wa humile ... ... 1643 Jerdonianum ... 1644 macrostachyum _... 1647 ٧10000018011 <.. 1648.‏ سس Dienia clyindrostachya ... 0‏ 1682 موم Diplocentrum con;‏ longifolium ... 1681‏ recurvum .., 1680 Diseris Neilgherrensis ... 1719 —— tripetaloides ag ا‎ ې يسبالم موجه‎ M90 Dathousia erg 1723 maerostachya coni r- Eria pauciflora . ... ES 1636 —— polystachya .. 1634-35 —— pubescens ... . ... 1634-35 هغه ہی 70010088 سے‎ 224.1637 Eulophia macrostaehya ... 1667-68 ramentacea $n ... 1666 Euphrobosces pigmea — ... 1732 Goodyera elongata — ... — ... 1730 ovalifolia i 1730 Te 6 in ianum 1740 Habenaria affinis .., pani 1707 cephalotes ... ca آو و‎ decepiens ... 927-1714 e n E QUE‏ ا 181 71 eee s.. 1706 مسسمسین‎ MEAE o aes 1719 folioso ... pe 1700 Heyneana ... 1703-4 | یں ویو‎ EM montana ... 927-1714 ovalifolia .., sis 1709 peristyloides daw 1702 lantagini bis 1710 platyphylla r «e 1700 Richard PER 1713 trinervia — ... i. 4791 ; - viridiflora oy 1705 Ipsea spiciosa ... evi +» 1663 Josephia lanceolata m 1742 — Jatifolia 2.. ... 1743 Vl, Pierardia macrostachys © .. 1913 Phyllanthus leprocarpus .. 1895 一 一 一 一 一 Madraspatensis. ... 1895 Niruri = 1894 Polyphyllus ... 1895 سس‎ 11 n 1895 Putranjiva Roxburghii + 1876 Reidia fimbriata ... vi 1904 floribunda ... ... 8 latifolia . es 1904 ovalifolia pe . 1904 lyphyla... `... 1904 Rottlera peltata dae . 1873 Sarcoclinium longifolium d 1887 longifolium 9 ... 1888 Sarcococca trinervia TN 1877 Tiglium Klotcheanum بدا‎ 1914 Trewia nudiflora Y So NO nudiflora 9 . uz m^ Trigonostemon heteranthum 1890 PoDOSTEMACEJE, Dalzellia foliosa ۰ i^ 1919 一 一 一 一 Lawii ce «$. 1019 pedunculosa ... 1919 ramosissima . 1919 Zeylanica 17 1919 Dicrea dichotoma ... «+ 1916 elongata ... avs 1917 longifolia... 9916 rigida. ss; وه‎ ou MME st losa ... ... 1917 ——— Wallichii ... «es 1916 Wightii jak se 1916 Hydrobryum Griseum .., ۹8 ——— olivaceum ... 1918 Mniopsis Hookeriana ... 1918 - Johnsonii ... ... 1918 Podostemon subulatus ... 1918 Tristacha bryoides ... ... 0 OncnrpEX, Accras angustifolia... osi MM Acriopsis Indica ... a TES Javanica ... ... 1748 JErides cylindricum . ... 4 Aerides Lindleyanum > = 1677 Wightianum ... .. 1669 Aggeianthus marchantioides 7 Anectochilus setaceus Pd vp Apaturia Lindleyana — .., 1662 senilis dev ... 3662 Apetalon minutum ves 1758 Appendi Hasseltii ^. 1748 Arundenia b: ifolia بی‎ 1661 Bolbophyllum Calamaria ... 1749 一 一 一 Careyanum — .. 0 en pureum ودج‎ 1 一 一 一 人 el — .0 tremulum ` ... ++ 1749 Bromheadia palustris ... 1740 Celogyne angustifolia... ... 1641 corrugata ... په‎ 1639 nervosa me »»» 1638 — odoratissima ... 1640 Calanthe Perrottetii ... 1664-65 veratrifolia ... 1664-65 Cephalanthera acuminata ... 1721 Cheirostylis flabellata... — EXPLANATION OF PLATES. VOL. V.—PART I. four thousand species. Amidst so great a number of variations, it is almost impossible for words to con- vey to the mind an adequate conception of the innu- merable minute points of difference which mark the narrow boundaries between so great a number of genera; the aid therefore of the pencil becomes nearly indispensable. Under this conviction I have deemed it advisable to give analyses of as many genera as I could, and have fortunately been able to produce representations of upwards of 70, a great number certainly when it is considered that Wal- lich’s list of Indian plants includes only 63 genera. I have still in my possession, drawings of several others, but not the specimens from which to com- plete their generic analysis. This statement is not made in the spirit of boasting, far from it, but simply to show that though much as has already been done, towards acquiring a knowledge of Indian Orchidez, much still remains to be done and thereby encourage our successors to persevere; having the assurance of still finding a rich harvest of novelties, to reward their diligence. To assist those who may not have studied the floral structure of the order, or who may not have the means of consulting books, descriptive of its organization, I shall here give a very brief account of it, merely sufficient to enable any one to under- stand the following dissections. To prevent misunderstanding, it is necessary to premise that I view the flower in the position it usually presents itself when looked at in front, that is, with the lip next the beholder and more or less dependent. On looking at the flower from behind, it is the most remote anterior portion. The lip being anterior, the odd sepal and pair of petals are posterior, or next the axis or stalk. Such is the usual position, but sometimes it is reversed and the lip is at the top of the flower, and then is next the stalk, or posterior, as in Pol a and Satyrium (the lip forms the hood or galia of the last) the flower is then said to be resu- pinate, though that in truth is the normal position of the flower. The usual position is produced by the ovary receiving a half twist which brings the lip from the upper to the lower side: or in other words places it in the front (anterior) in place of the back of the flower. How this change is brought about it is not always easy to say, but we may for convenience assume that it is often the result of gravitation, for being the bulkier and heavier part, it has a natural tendency to seek the lowest side and in doing so twists the young and pliable ovary. etm without we find three sepals, these‏ وس بو are either all distinct and equal, or the two anterior‏ ones are large or small, divided or entire, are spread-‏ ing or appressed to the lip, are more or less united‏ either directly to each other or through the medium of‏ the prolonged base of the column, in the latter case‏ forming a spurious spur or in those cases where the‏ columnar process is broad what is called a mentum or —‏ chin—many of the Dendrobrums afford examples of 7”‏ the former and Certopera fusca of the latter. Some- —‏ à , ORCHIDE E. This very interesting order of monocotyledonous plants is, deservedly, a universal favourite with both cultivators and Botanists. With the former on ac- count of the numerous flowers of surpassing beauty which it provides, and with the latter, on account of the endless variations of form and combination which its few and simple elementary parts furnish for his consideration and study. To master these, however, is a work demanding both time and patience on the part of the inquirer. Being well aware of this, as well as of the interest which attaches to this order I have been induced, at the risk of falling into many blunders, to devote an unusully large space of this work to its elucidation even at this late stage of my progress (the present being the concluding volume) while so many others of great interest and difficulty still remain untouched, Reduced to its elements, the flower of an Orchid (I use the term collectively of the whole order) is sufficiently simple, consisting of a perianth (the floral leaves) of six parts; one, rarely two, and still more rarely, three fertile stamens; a stigma: and an ovary. The perianth is disposed in a double series, the three exterior parts being equivalent to the calyx (sepals) the three interior to the corolla (petals) one of which from differing more or less in form colour and texture from the other two has, from being usually placed in front and in the most dependent part of the flower, received the name of the Lip. This last with its appendage, the spur, is the most important piece of the six forming the perianth, from its gen- erally furnishing marks, often of great value, in the discrimination of genera, which the others seldom do, Were the flower complete in all its „it would have three perfect stamens, in place of which, it has usually only one, and that so masked that ersons who have not studied the family scarcely ow how or where to look for it. It is inthe centre of the flower forming part of the thick, more or less elongated body called the column, having its anther, or polleniferous portion, resembling, in many cases, a little eap containing the pollen بح‎ on the top. On the side of the column next the lip, if atten- tively looked for, will be seen a slight moist some- what glistening glutinous depression; that is the stigma, The stamens and pistil are therefore com- bined to form the column, In Satyrium this struc- ture is somewhat departed from, the stigma being terminal and two-lobed, and the cells of the anther quite distinct. 1 The pollen is very variable and, to the Botanist, is the most important part of the organization, as we shall by and bye see. |, These few elementary parts vary so much among - themselves in form, position, and combination, as to have enabled Botanists, in the course of their re- searches, to construct from them about 400 genera, for the accommodation and more easy discrimina- tion of probably not fewer than between three and - (3) In Cypripedium the lateral ones are perfect, and the posterior rudimentary, and in Euphroboscis (No. 1732) they are all three perfect and distinct! Here also we find variations. The anther is terminal, erect, or turned down on, and very slightly adherent to, the apex of the column, or adnate ; or it is dorsal, appa- rently owing to the elongation of the apex of the stigma, or rostellum, as itis called; or, as in the case of Oxysepala (No. 1736), and some others, both fila- ment and anther are free. The pollen, like all other parts of the flower of this curious family, is subject to modifications and, for the purposes of classification, its variations are most important. Itis either powdery or granular, or com- posed of a definite number of little waxy masses ( Pollinia) which on removal of the cells of the an- ther, or what I shall, in reference to its position, call the anther cap, are seen lying on the apex of the column either altogether distinct, or cohering by means of some cellular matter, forming a strap-like body (caudicle) through the medium of which it is connected with the stigma (placed in front of the column); sometimes the strap is furnished with, or rather adheres firmly to, a disk-like gland of the stigma, but which readily separates from it, with the caudicle. The following extract on the application of the pollen to the classification of the order. with which I shall conclude these notes, 1 take from Lindley's * Vegetable Kingdom." * In classifying this order, the most important char- acters appear to reside in the pollen, which in many is consolidated into firm waxy masses of definite number in each species, and in others is either in its usual loose powdery condition, or is collected in granules, or small wedges, the number of which is far too great to be counted. Of those with waxy pollen masses, some (malaree) are destitute of any visible processes by which the masses are brought into contact with the stigma; others (Epidendree) have strap-shaped caudicles which are either bent down upon the masses themselves, or serve to hold them together, without, however, forming any organ- ized union with the stigma; while the remainder (Vandea) have a caudicle which adheres firmly to a gland found on the upper margin of the stigma, and separating freely from that organ. ‘The genera with powdery, granular, or sutile pollen cannot be clas- sified so conveniently by modifications of that part, but are readily divided into three natural tribes by peculiarities of the anther. In some (Ophree) the anther is erect, not hinged to the column, but continu- ous with it, and stands above the stigma, the pollen masses having their points directed to the base of the lobes of the anther; in others (.4rethusee) the anther is hinged to the column, upon the end of which it is placed transversely like a lid; and in others (Neotte@) it is also hinged to the column but is stationed at its back, so as to be nearly parallel with the stigmatic surface. If to this we add that Cypripedee have two anthers while all the others have one only, we find the order divided into seven tribes of which the following is a tabular view. B. Pollen , granular, sectile. موو پسسولاغلسي ام چا‎ < O b. Anther terminal opercular. V. Arethusee. €. Anther dorsal. VI. Neottee. II. Anthers two. VII. Cypripedee. times all the three are united into a tube or vase inclosing the other parts of the flower, as in Aggei- anthus. These variations supply generic characters. The posterior sepal is usually free, variously shaped, sometimes spreading but oftener erect, more or less boat-shaped and then forming a sort of hood or hel- met (galia) over the column, as if to protect it from the weather, whence it is occasionally said to be galiate. The three petals are placed within and alternate with the sepals, the posterior or odd sepal having the pair of petals next it, that is on the posterior side of the flower. They, like the other parts of the flower, vary in size and form, sometimes larger some- times smaller than the posterior sepal: they are some- times conformable in size and shape ; at others very different, as in the case of some of the Habenarias, where we find them divided into segments, nearly to the base: occasionally they approach the poste- rior sepal and combine with it to form the helmet; and in some rare instances they are wanting as in Monomeria (a genus I have not yet seen) and Ape- talon (No. 1758), in such cases their absence furnishes Ed generic characters, and their variations, excel- ent specific ones. The anterior petal or lip presents no end of varia- tions nearly all of which are pressed into the service in the construction of genera. It is large or small; membranous and petaloid or herbaceous, or fleshy ; spreading or folded, constricted or jointed in the mid- dle, (hence hypochile for the lower half, and epichile for the upper, and mesochile for the middle); simple, entire, or variously lobed; furnished with a spur or without one; furnished with glands, hairs, plates, (lamina) or crests or plain; and lastly very generally differing either in kind or intensity of colour from the other parts of the flower. In a word, so numer- ous and various are the modifications of the lip that it seems quite impossible to classify them, but nearly all are employed in the description of an orchideous flower, and so constantly that any description of one without special reference to this part would be most incomplete. The column, which is placed in the centre of the flower, is a compound body composed of the sexual apparatus of the flower cohering into a single central body. It varies considerably in form, being some- times long, sometimes short : erect or oblique, and in the latter case often furnished at the base with a process or sort of spur to which the lip is attached and to which, when present, the lateral sepals very often cohere. It is produced by the union of the stamens and pistil, and presents several variations noted in generic characters. The apex is very gen- erally flattened or more or less concave for the re- ception of the anther, whence the term clinandrium, or anther bed, which in such cases is applied to it. Orchids have three stamens, but, except ina very few genera, two of these are rudimentary and only one perfect. Allthe three, along with the style, are usually incorporated in the column; but the poste- rior one only is, with the few following exceptions, perfect, 1. Anther one only. A. É masses wary. a. No caudicle or separable stigmatic gland. b. A distinct caudicle, but بس سس کی‎ land 5 IL. Epidendree, gland. e. A distinct caudicle, united to a sti ic gland Il. Vandee. tas Iyamally Hills near Coimbatore, flowering July and August. Of this species I have given two figures to show how it varies in size. The lip of the smaller one differs from that of the larger, but in all other respects, except in size, they seem suf- ficently to accord. 1626. OBERONIA VERTICELLATA (R. W.) leaves narrow, ensiform, sub-falcate: raceme erect, or in- clined, short peduncled: flowers verticelled: bracts ovate, lanceolate, acute, fimbriate on the margin: sepals short, broad, ovate, obtuse: petals sub-obo- vate, obtuse, longer than the sepals: lip oblong, slightly cordate at the base, 2-lobed at the apex, lobes broad, roundish, spreading, slightly crenulate on the margin. Ovary and sepals pale green, perianth dull orange. Neilgherries, on branches of trees, flowering dur- ing the rains between July and October; also on This seems a very distinct species. I at first sup- posed it O. anthropophora, but a more careful con- sideration of the characters of that species, led to the conviction of its being quite distinct. 1627. OBERONIA 117716511414 (Lindley in Herb. Wight), leaves broad, ensiform, acute: racemes very long drooping towards the apex: flowers scat- tered, short pedicelled: bracts broad ovate at the base, acute, denticulate at the apex: sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the linear obtuse petals: lip three-lobed, lateral lobes strap-like embracing the base of the column, middle one prolonged, ending in two obovate spathulate spreading lobes, crenu- late on the margin. Flowers pale green. Neilgherries and Pulney Mountains, flowering August and September. The ligulate lateral lobes of the lip of this species is peculiar and at once distinguishes it from the following very nearly allied species, with which, if I mistake not, it was confounded in the first instance by Lindley. 1628. OBERONIA ARNOTTIANA (R. W.), leaves ensiform, sub-falcate succulent: racemes erect or slightly inclined towards the apex, scarcely droop- ing: flowers alternate, longish pedicelled: bracts ovate acute, ciliate, somewhat sheathing at the base: sepals ovate, acute, about the length of the narrow linear petals: lip cordate at the base, 3- lobed; lateral lobes broad ovate, obtuse, middle one prolonged, forked at the apex. Flowers pale green. Neilgherries and Pulnies, flowering September. These two species were, I believe, mixed in the collection sent home and named as above by Dr. Lindley. Now that they are distinguished I have much pleasure in associating my friend with them by dedicating one of the two to him. 1629. OBERONIA IMBRICATA? (Blume), “stem simple, leafy, leaves compressed, sheathing, closely imbricated, limb of the lip ligulate, denticulate. Blume. Malacca, Griffith. The leaves correspond well with the above too brief and imperfect character, but scarcely the lip, which is my reason for attaching the mark of doubt to the species. Should it be found not to be Blume’s plant, it might then be called— B -the Pulney Mountains. 1622. OBERONIA BRUNONIANA (R. W.) leaves ensiform, succulent, nearly as long as the raceme: stem compressed at the base, furnished near the apex with a short narrow falcate sheathing leaf or common bract: raceme compact: bracts ovate, den- ticulate, acute : sepals ovate, obtuse, reflexed, a little longer than the narrow lanceolate petals: lip entire, broad, cordate at the base, obtusely 3-lobed at the apex, the middle one small or sometimes obsolete. Flowers olive brown, the left somewhat darker towards the centre. Iyamally Hills near Coimbatore, flowering June and July. A large and handsome species; flowers large for the genus; lip and sepals dark brownish-coloured, petals pale yellowish. It appears quite distinct from all the described species, and is certainly very different from all the following. As being the most conspicuous of the genus, so far as I know it, I have taken the liberty of dedicating it to the Pre- sident of the Linnean Society, the first of living Botanists. 1693. OBERONIA PLATYCAULON (R. W.), leaves long, narrow ensiform: stem flatly compressed, nearly as broad as the leaves: raceme lax, flowers longish pedicelled: bracts ovate, acute, the length of the ovary, fimbriate on the margin: sepals ovate, lan- ceolate, acute : petals linear, narrower and slightly shorter than the sepals: lip 3-lobed, lateral ones obtuse, middle larger 3-toothed, the middle one the least. Flowers whitish or pale yellow. a Pulney Mountains, flowering September. The remarkably compressed stalk of the raceme and the peculiar lip of this species easily distinguishes it from all the others represented here, 1694. OPERONIA LINDLEYANA (R. W.), leaves ensiform, short, werd succulent, slightly falcate: stem compressed, spike drooping towards the apex, densely covered with innumerable ‘small sessile flowers: bracts ovate, somewhat obtuse, sub-denticulate on the margin: sepals broad, ovate, obtuse, entire: petals narrow linear: lip broad cordate at the base, crenate, two-lobed at the apex, with a minute tooth between ; all furnished with numerous minute opaque glandular (?) dots. Flowers straw colour, lip dull orange. i Hills near Coimbatore, flowering August‏ سوہ and September.‏ The leaves of this species are very succulent, and with its long drooping raceme afford good dis- tinguishing m which are TA by an examination of the flowe is species is remarkable on account of the opague gland-like oints scattered over the flowers. The bract is represented too pointed in the figure. I dedicate the species to the founder of the genus. -1625. OBERONIA DENTICULATA (R. W.), leaves broad, ensiform, stem short, fleshy, compressed, spike very long, closely covered with minute sessile flow- ers: bracts ovate, serrato-dentate : sepals and petals subequal, ovate, obtuse, reflexed: lip irregularly i r, denticulate, somewhat two-lobed at the apex, each lobe bidenticulate. Flowers dull orange colour. ( š) ends, acute, marked with strong longitudinal veins: racemes slender, drooping; rachis and pedicels pu- bescent: flowers resupinate ; bracts as long as the pedicels, lanceolate acuminate: sepals and petals a little longer than the lip, glabrous, falcate, atten- uated towards the point, 3-nerved : lip oblong, three- nerved, sub-coriaceous at the base, contracted in the middle; limb lanceolate acute, margins mem- branous reflexed. Flowers white, perianth tipped with pink. Western slopes of the Neilgherries, flowering August and September. This species is very nearly allied to the next, but is quite distinct. 1635. Era POLYSTACHYA (Ach. Richard E. pube- scens in Icon.), stem thickened pseudo-bulb-like at the base, loosely sheathed; leaves terminal, from oblong elliptical acute to obovato-elliptical, some- what obtuse, glabrous: spikes axillary, about the length of the leaves, erect, clothed with short pube- scence: bracts lanceolate acute: sepals ovate, at- tenuate at the point, pubescent, exceeding the lanceolate petals: lip ovate lanceolate, about half the length of the petals. Neilgherries, western slopes,’ flowering August and September. Ç Though my fi differs somewhat from that of M. Richard, I believe they both represent the same species, and both being taken from dried speci- mens may easily account for the difference. The lip, which is peculiar, and supplies a character by which this is at once distinguished from 1634, is most erroneously represented, not as regards form, but as regards proportion to the other parts, the petals especially. Had its proper proportions been pre- served it would have been only about half the size. I find it most difficult, I may ¿last say, impossible, to teach the artist the art of preserving proportions in magnified figures. 1636. Erra PAUCIFLORA (R. W.), 6209010086, 5 erect, succulent, jointed, thickened at the apex, with a leaf at each joint, last joint thickened, tuberous, surmounted by two leaves, from between which rises the short 1- or 2-flowered raceme: leaves ovate, oblong, obtuse: flowers longish pedicelled : sepals about equal or slightly longer than the nar- row linear petals: lip somewhat corrugated furnish- ed with two lamella near the base. Flowers white. Growing on moist rocks, forming dense masses exposed to the spray of the river below the Kaitie Falls, Neilgherries, flowering August and September. Flowers pure white. A very distinct and peculiar species. The stems become like pseudo-bulbs at the apex, and then flower in their season. 1637. Erra reticosa (R. W.), caspitose, stem- less, pseudo-bulbs orbicular, depressed, enclosed in a net-like sack: leaves about two, elliptic, spread- ing : scape filiform, 1-flowered, furnished at the apex with a large somewhat boat-shaped bractea : flow- ers large, resupinate, expanding: sepals and petals about equal, exceeding the obscurely 3-lobed lip. Flowers pure white, lip and column yellow, bract brownish. On branches of trees about Pycarrah in profu- sion, flowering in May and June, in truth it seems O. Griffithii (R. W.), stem leafy, leaves imbrica- ting: spike slender, drooping: bracts large, sheath- ing, broad ovate, denticulate: sepals broad ovate, obtuse, as long as the ovate lanceolate petals: lip broad, linear, obtuse, emarginate. "The dissections of the flowers are taken from some obtained from a very young spike, the older spike, shown in the plate, is in fruit. 1630. DIENIA CYLINDROSTACHYA (Lind.) stem one-leaved: leaf ovate, obtuse: spike dense cylin- drical: perianth flattened : lip excavate, thickened at the apex; nearly entire: column very short. Lind. Simla, Countess Dalhousie—Edgeworth. The specimen represented on the left side ofthe plate I received many years ago from the late Countess Dalhousie ; for the drawing of the figures on the right side, I am indebted to Mr. Edgeworth of the Bengal Civil Service. His figure was taken from a living specimen, mine from a dried one. In some parts, especially the lip, the difference appears considerable, but I consider myself fortunate in being thus enabled by contrast, to show how much can be made of well-dried specimens. It is now up- wards of 20 years since my specimen was gathered. 1631. MicrosTYLIS DISCOLOR (Lind.), stem leafy, leaves ovate, oblong, abruptly petioled, undulate, plaited: lip ovate, entire, cucullate at the base: column two-horned at the apex: sepals and petals all turned to one side. Ceylon, flowering July. 1 am indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Colonel Walker for the opportunity of representing this plant, the original very characteristic drawing being from her pencil. The insertion of the name * Govindoo" at the foot of the page is the blunder of the Litho- grapher. 1632. MicrosTYLIS LUTEOLA (R. W.), stem leafy at the base; leaves ovate, subcordate at the base, acute, plicate: sepals obovate, obtuse, the middle one narrower: petals linear, obtuse, emarginate : lip somewhat 2-lobed, lobes broad, spreading, fim- briato-dentate. Flowers yellow. Ootacamund, Neilgherries, flowering August. This species is nearly allied to M. versicolor but is cer- tainly distinct. It grows under the shade of bushes and among long grass on the highest peaks of the Hills. 1633. Lerarıs BILOBA (R. W.), leaves 2 or 3, ovate, acute, undulate, plicate, cucullate: raceme erect, few-flowered: sepals ovate, acute : petals nar- row linear, blunt pointed: lip spreading deeply 2- lobed. Flowers dull plumb colour. Neilgherries, nestling among moss on the branches of trees, flowering July and August. Flowers long- ish pedicelled in proportion to the rest of the plant. It comes very near L. atropurpurea but the deeply 2-lobed lip keeps it distinct. By some accident the names of Nos. 1634 and 1635 have got transposed, I must therefore beg the favour of the reader's correcting them as follows: 1634. Erıa PUBESCENS (R. W. E. polystachya in Icon.), stem leafy, short, clothed at the base with sheathing scales: leaves lanceolate tapering at both ) 4 ( scape terminal, length of the leaves, 2-4-flowered : bracts linear, persistent, divaricate: lip erect, 3-lob- ed, lateral lobes oblong, obtuse, middle one larger, acute, narrower below, furnished with two sinuous longitudinal crests. Flowers white, lip tinged with yellow. Neilgherries, on branches of trees in clumps of forest near Neddawuttim. My figure differs so much from Richard’s as to lead me to doubt their identity, especially as re- gards the form of the lip, acute in his, very obtuse in mine. 1f I have erred in naming this, it is from confounding two specimens much alike, one, but from which the flowers have all fallen, perfectly quadrates with his figure, the other, less exactly corresponding but still apparently the same, having flowers, was selected for representation and named without again carefully comparing the character throughout until copying it. Are they really dis- tinct or does an error exist in that part of his figure? This question can, I fear, only be answer- ed, in this country, by again obtaining fresh flower- ing specimens, of the more correctly corresponding orm. 1642. DENDROBIUM FILIFORME (R. W.), cespi- tose, pseudo-bulbs depressed, flattened, sub-orbicular, netted on the surface: leaves 2-3, ovate, oblong, somewhat obtuse, slightly cuspidate: raceme erect, filiform ; few, 2-3- to many- (10-12) flowered: bracts ovate, acute, longer than the ovary; sepals much attenuated, subulate, pointed, dilated at the base, adnate to the process of the column forming a short obtuse saccate spur: petals about equaling the sepals and nearly thrice as long as the narrow ovate lip. Flowers straw colour. Neilgherries and Iyamally Hills near Coimbatore, on branches of trees. I am also indebted to Mr. Law of Bombay for specimens from that neigh- bourhood, but the station not stated. The plate exhibits three forms, all more or less | differing but still evidently the same species. The bracts are more boat-shaped than represented in the drawing. The figure of the column and lip is more highly magnified than the other dissections. It is seen in nearly correct proportions in the front view of the artificially-opened flower. 1643. DENDROBIUM HUMILE (R. W.), cespitose, pseudo-bulbs ovate, covered with the sheaths of fallen leaves, leaves often wanting, when present one or two from the apex of the bulb, linear lanceolate, about the length of the scape: raceme erect, 4-8- flowered: bracts small, linear, subulate: lateral sepals acute, sub-falcate, forming with the process of the column an acute spur, posterior devaricato- lanceolate: petals lanceolate, narrower than the posterior sepal: lip large, three-lobed, middle lobe crenulate, crisp, sub-orbicular, lateral ones entire, or slightly erenate. Flowers greenish-yellow, tipped with کی‎ lip pink with darker crimson lines. Iyamally Hills, on trees, flowering July and Aug. cept that this belongs to Lindley’s first section, having the pseudo-bulbs bearing the leaves, it seems to approach very near D. denudans and alpestre ; from the latter it is certainly distinct, I am not uite so certain in rd to the former; the pointed ivaricating spur of species is its most i feature. 0 to be met with more or less in flower the greater part of the year. It is a plant of great beauty when seen in perfection. Its most peculiar feature is the net enclosing the pseudo-bulbs. It is so remote in habit from the other Erias, that it was some time before I could reconcile myself to placing it in that genus. 1638. CaLoGYNE nervosa (Ach. Rich.), pseudo- bulbs ovate, covered with coriaceous scales: leaves broad elliptic acute, or sub-acuminate, striated and nerved, coriaceous, usually two, sheathing at the base: scape somewhat longer than the leaves, 2—6- flowered: flowers large; bracts shorter than the flowers, ovate, acute, persistent, striated : sepals ob- long-elliptic, about equal, acute: lip, like the sepals, 3-lobed, lateral lobes small, the middle one oval, lan- ceolate. Flowers pure white, bract reddish-brown. Neilgherries, flowering May and June. This when in full flower is an exceedingly hand- some species, the large pure white flowers, the lip only being tinged with orange, the brownish bracts, and dark 1۳ foliage present a charming com- bination. It abounds on the rocks overhanging the falls at Pycarrah, also at the Avalanche. The spe- cimen represented flowered in Coimbatore, the roots having been brought down some weeks before. 1639. CELOGYNE CORRUGATA (R. W.), pseudo- bulbs caspitose, ovate, reticulately corrugated: leaves oblong, elliptic, sub-acuminate: racemes about the length of the leaves, 3-6-flowered: bracts caducous or wanting: flowers large, sepals and pe- tals conformable, oblong, ovate, acute: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes small, middle one produced, ovate, ob- tuse, the claw furnished with three longitudinal un- dulato-crenate, coloured crests. Courtallam, Pulney Mountains, Neilgherries, flow- ering August and September. The limb of the lip is marked with orange and yellow lines like the crests, the rest of the flower is pure white. The peculiar feature of the species is the deeply corrugated, wrinked pseudo-bulbs, whence I have taken the name. 1640. CeLoerne ODORATISSIMA (Lind) pseudo- bulbs cespitose, ovate ; leaves lanceolate, petioled, length of the 2- or 3-flowered raceme: bracts boat- shaped, divaricate, petals linear, lanceolate: lip 3- lobed, 3-crested, middle lobe undulated, orbicular, column entire. Flowers white, lip tinged with yellow. Dodabetta, Neilgherries, on branches of trees flowering throughout the rainy season from May to October. This very pretty species forms large masses sometimes covering continuously several feet of the branch on which it grows, covered with numer- ous racemes of its pure white flowers. The pseudo- bulbs are green, intermixed with sheathing scales of uniform colour. Flowers e anding, petals nar- rower than the sepals. = r: 1641. CELOGYNE ANGUSTIFOLIA (A. Richard), pseudo-bulbs aggregated, ovoid oblong, the older ones naked, the younger sheathed, one- or two-leaved atthe apex: leaves linear, lanceolate, acute, chan- neled atthe base, spotted beneath with white points: (5) I only know this plant from dried specimens and it is not improbable many of the leaves have fallen off, giving it a more naked appearance in the plate than when growing. Judging from the specimens, it seems to attain a height of from 18 inches to 2 feet and is ramous from the base. It seems quite distinct from all the described species, and I have seen no other like it in India. 1649. DENDROBIUM GRAMINIFOLIUM (R. W.) rhizoma creeping, stems ascending, leafy: leaves sheathing at the base, linear, lanceolate, acute: raceme terminal, slender, 4-6-flowered, flexuose: bracts much shorter than the pedicels, ovate, acute : flowers calcarate ; sepals and petals equal, acute: petals narrow, lanceolate: lip cucullate, 3-lobed; lateral lobes small, blunt, middle, orbicular crenate, somewhat crisp on the margin; claw united with the prolonged process of the column forming a con- ical spur. Courtallum, August and September. This is a grassy looking little plant from 4 to 8 inches high, flowers white. The circumstances in which it grew, whether on trees or mossy stones, was not noted, but the mode of its extension seems rather unusual in the genus; a long slender creep- ing jointed rhizoma, from the joints of which spring tufts of roots and an upright grass-like stem, bearing on the apex a short flexuose raceme, from the angles of which the flowers spring. 1650. BoLRoPHYLLUM NEILGHERRENSE (R. W.), rhizoma creeping, pseudo-bulbs ovate, irregularly angled, somewhat corrugated: leaves oblong, ellip- tic, obtuse, emarginate: spikes cylindrical, shorter than the leaves: flowers numerous, congested: bract lanceolate acute: lateral sepals much larger than the posterior, oblique ; posterior broad, ovate, sub-acute: petals small, broad at the base, ovate, acuminate, sub-denticulate : lip 3-lobed, lateral ones spreading, triangular, acute, much smaller than the broad ovate obtuse, somewhat tongue-shaped, hispid middle one. Flowers dull yellowish-green. Neilgherries and Malabar. As my specimens were obtained through the Native Collector the exact station is not known. The drawing was unfortunately taken from a dried specimen, and does not give a very perfect idea of the inflorescence and flower, and the lip is too acute. In the growing plant the raceme is dense and cylindrical. The sepals of a dull brownish-yellow colour, the lip broad D and of dirty brownish- green, sprinkled with short hairs. It is evidently very nearly allied to B. Careyanum, but apparently quite distinct. 1651. BoLBOPHYLLUM FUSCOPURPUREUM (R. W.), rhizoma creeping, pseudo-bulbs ovate, angular, con- gested: leaves broadly elliptic, contracted at both ends, emarginate: raceme much longer than the leaves, 4-6-flowered, drooping towards the apex: flowers longish pedicelled: lateral sepals about twice as large as the ovato-lanceolate posterior one : petals ovate at the base prolonged into a long fili- form acumen, terminating in a little fleshy nob: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes short obovate or sub-spathu- late; middle one fleshy, nearly equaling the se- als, sub-spathulate or tongue-shaped, entire, hispid. Hewes dark reddish-brown, lip brownish-purple. 1644. DENDROBIUM JERDONIANUM (R. W.), erect, stems jointed, thickening upwards, internodes about the length of the leaves: leaves ovate lanceolate, succulent, forked at the apex: racemes axillary, short, 2-3-flowered: bracts minute: flowers long pedicelled, calcarate, lateral sepals much produced at the base, posterior one and petals equal, all linear lanceolate, acute: lip sinuately undulated on the margin, obovate, forming with the long base of the column a short conical spur. Flowers deep orange colour, lip conforming, or a little redder. Coorg J be Jerdon. Iyamally Hills, flowering August and September. The specimens from the two stations differ in the size of the flowers, but in both they are spurred, and have the same long narrow form and agree in colour, hence I consider them mere varieties. 1645. DENDROBIUM ALBUM (R. W.), erect, jointed: stems enlarging from the base to the apex, inter- nodes much shorter than the leaves: leaves oblong, elliptic, acuminate: flowers axillary, paired, long peduncled: sepals ovate, acute; lateral ones fal- cate: petals obovato-elliptic, obtuse, larger than the posterior sepal: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes entire, ob- tuse, middle one cucullate, ovate, acute, saccate at the base, ciliate. Flowers pure white. Iyamally Hills, lowering September. This is one of the handsomest of the genus I have yet met with, the large pure white flowers and dark foliage are very conspicuous. It seems to be rather rare, as I have only once obtained specimens. 1646. DENDROBIUM AURIUM — stems round, pendulous, internodes short, leaves linear, oblong, obliquely emarginate at the point: flowers paired: sepals ovate, obtuse : petals undulated, obtuse, larger than the sepals: lip cucullate, limb ovate, obtuse, undulated, entire pubescent within. Ceylon, flowering in January. 1 am indebted to Mrs. Colonel Walker for the very beautiful and characteristic drawing of this handsome species. 1647. DENDROBIUM MACROSTACHYUM (Lind.), stems terete, pendulous: leaves oblong, acute, flat: flow- ers paired, fragrant, forming a spurious raceme: sepals linear oblong, acute, the upper sepal larger: lip unguculate, limb somewhat fiddle-shaped, silky to the touch, middle lobe elongated, acuminate, flat. Ceylon, growing on trees, flowering in July. In a beautifully coloured drawing of the plant here represented, the flowers are greenish-yellow coloured, with the lip and points of the sepals and petals tipped with pink. 1 am indebted to the same accomplished lady, Mrs. Walker, for the drawing from which the plate is taken. 1648. DENDROBIUM RAMOSSISSINUM (R. W.), erect? ramous, lower part of the stem naked, smooth, dark shining brownish-coloured, ramuli leafy: leaves narrow, linear, lanceolate, acute : ra- cemes terminal, short, few-flowered: flowers small: sepals ovate, lanceolate, acute, broader than the lanceolate acute, entire petals: lip oblong, obtuse, contraeted near the apex, forming a sub-orbicular terminal lobe. Flowers yellow. Coorg Jungles. Jerdon. (6) lip ovate, obtuse, fleshy, shorter than the petals. Lateral sepals often cohering, cream-coloured with darker lines, petals, lip, and posterior sepal, red. Coorg Jungles, flowering January, Jerdon. The figure of this plant, though so far characteristic as readily to distinguish the species, is not, correctly speaking, a good one. It was taken from dried spe- cimens. After the plate was struck off, I saw a much better one from the pencil of Mrs. Jerdon, and regret exceedingly that I had not seen it in time to have substituted it for this one. lt seems the most curious of the genus. The flowers all spread horizontally, and are so numer- ous and close set as to form a continuous circle, whence ! am told Mrs. J. gave it the name of * Um- brella orchis," which had I known sooner I would have adopted. 1656. CIRRHOPETALUM GRANDIFLORUM (R. W.), pseudo-bulbs conical: leaf pedicelled, linear, sub- truncate, emarginate: scape nearly twice the length of the leaves, 3-6-flowered: lateral sepals long, ovato-lanceolate, tapering to a point (about 14 inch long), posterior sepal ovate, acute, and, with the narrow almost subulate petals, ciliate: lip short, fleshy, recurved, cordato-ovate. Colour of the flower greenish, streaked and speckled with crimson, tend- in to purple, lip deep red, posterior sepal and petals yellowish. Ceylon, on branches of trees, Nuera Ellia, flower- ing in May. The figure and character is taken from a beauti- ful coloured drawing made by Mrs, Colonel Walker. She names it doubtfully, C. Macrei, which I think it can scarcely be, though agreeing in some points with the character of that species. 1657. CinRHOPETALUM WALKERIANUM (R. W. pseudo-bulbs ovate, surrounded at the base wi brown fibrous appendages: leaf obovate, spathu- late, petioled, fleshy : scape slender, erect, longer than the leaves, 3-4-flowered : lateral sepals long, narrow, subulate, pointed ; posterior one ovate, acu- minate, acute: petals minute, obtuse, sub-falcate: lip cordato-ovate obtuse, fleshy, recurved: upper angles of the column produced into longish lanceo- late processes. Ovary and petals red; sepals yellow, streaked with shades of red, leaf light green, fleshy. Rambaddu, Ceylon, on trees. I have dedicated this species to the discoverers, Colonel and Mrs. Walker. The figure is taken from a coloured drawing kindly communicated by the latter, to whose accomplished pencil the Flora of Ceylon is very deeply indebted, as this work in many instances testifies. 1658. CinRHOPETALUM CAUDATUM (R. W.), pseu- do-bulbs ovate, leaves from oblong elliptic to strap- shaped, obtuse, emarginate: scape filiform, clothed with sheathing scales: bracts subulate, about the length of the ovary: lateral sepals very long, end- ing in very long spirally convolute filiform tails; posterior one. and petals about equal, ovate, obtuse, and, with the base of the lateral sepals, ciliate with remote bristly hairs: lip oval 3-crested. Malacca, Griffith. _ In the Malacca collection, communicated by the late lamented Mr. Griffith, there are two plants Neilgherries, on trees and rocks along the banks of the Kartairy river below Kaitie, and also below Neddawuttim on the N. western slopes, where Mr. Jerdon first detected it. The petals of this species are very unusual, and the middle lobe of the lip in the fresh plant gives so much the idea of a tongue, that I am told the “Tongue orchis” is the name by which it is known to Mrs. Jerdon. 1 am indebted to the accomplished pencil of Mrs. Jerdon for the drawing; the dissections were prepared by my draftsman. 1652. CirRHOPETALUM MACRE1? (Lind.), petals apiculate, naked: sepals all acuminate: leaves ob- long, lanceolate, obtuse, emarginate, about the length of the scape. Lind. Flowers pale green with brownish-red veins. Ceylon, Nuera Ellia, on trees, flowering May. I am indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Colonel Walker for this and several other drawings of this family. I am now doubtful whether I have correctly named this species as the figure does not very cor- rectly correspond with the description. The lateral sepali are said to be elongated, much acuminated, and the petals falcate, a little smaller than the posterior petal neither of which is very conspicu- ously the case in the figure, but the flowers are said to be umbelled, a point more easily observed. Lip in this plant small, recurved, thick and fleshy. The colour of the flowers, as noted by Mrs. Walker, is * yellow-streaked and dotted with deep red.” Lindley describes his as pale green with brownish- red veins. 1653. CIRRHOPETALUM ALBIDUM (R. W.), leaves oblong elliptic, obtuse, emarginate: flowers umbel- led, scape about the length of the leaves: bracts somewhat boat-shaped, shorter than the pedicels: sepals all acuminate, posterior a little shorter than the lateral ones: petals broad, ovate, obtuse: lip short, fleshy, sub-sagittate. Flowers very pale, greenish-yellow or nearly cream colour. On moist rocks, St. Catherine’s Falls, near Koter- gherry, flowering August and September. 1654. CinRHOPETALUM NEILGHERRENSE (R. W.), leaves linear, obtuse, emarginate, 3-nerved : scape shorter than the leaves: umbelled, 6-8-flowered : lateral sepals very long, broad, ovate, at the base, tapering to a point, posterior one ovate, acute, nearly twice the le of the broad, sub-obovate blunt petals: lip short, cordate, ovate, recurved, hairy on the back: prolonged base of the column pubescent within. Flowers at first pale greenish-yellow, ting- ed with pink, marked with darker lines, afterwards becoming reddish or light rusty coloured; process of the column red. Kartairy below Kaitie, on moist rocks, د‎ very pretty species, very distinct from the preceding. 1655. CIRRHOPETALUM FIMBRIATUM (R. W.), leaf- less 2 pseudo-bulbs cespitose, irregularly angular, de- pressed : scapes slender, erect, furnished with remote appressed scales: umbels many-flowered, orbicular, lateral sepals long linear, cohering to near the point, posterior ovate, acuminate, and, with the conform- able but smaller petals, fimbriate on the margin: L?) 1664-65. CALANTHE PERROTTETII (A. Richd.), leaves petioled, elliptic, nerved, plicate, acute: scape longer than the leaves, furnished with distant sheath- ing scales: raceme loose: bracts ovate, lanceolate, length of the ovary: sepals and petals sub-equal, ovate, obtuse: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes lanceolate, middle one much larger, truncately 2-3-lobed ; lobes spreading; spur slender, straight, longer or about the length of the lip. Flowers light lilac, lip with a deeper tinge. Neilgherries, frequent in clumps of forest, in moist soil, flowering July and August. I have seen it in flower in woods about Coonoor in May, but very rarely at that early season. It is a large plant sometimes nearly four feet high, the leaves from a foot to a foot and a half long and from 4 to 6 inches broad. Flowers delicate pale lilac colour. It is perhaps too nearly allied to C. veratrifolia, Lindley, if indeed it be not that species, which however has a four-lobed lip. 1666. EULOPHIA RAMENTACEA (Lind.) leafless: bracts subulate, shorter than the ovary: flowers erect: sepals and petals linear, spathulate, acute: lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe undulated, obtuse ; plates of the disk three, broken or torn towards the point; spur obtuse, conical. Coorg, Mysore, &c. "This species is leafless when in flower; as in the case of some others, the leaves follow the flowers. 'The leaves here represented are those of the species but taken from a youn specimen, which, apparently, had not attained suí- ficient maturity to flower that season. 1667-68. EULOPHIA MACROSTACHYA (Lind.), leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, plaited, somewhat 3-ribbed: scape simple, radical, longer than the leaves: sepals linear, lanceolate, acuminate : petals conformable, broader, sub-undulate: lip sub-orbicu- lar, 3-lobed, lateral lobes about the length of the shortened, deeply-cleft middle one; two short petals near the base, spur short, roundish, obtuse, inflated. Flowers greenish-yellow, lateral lobes of the lip tinged and streaked with crimson lines, the middle lobes yellow. Neilgherries, Ceylon. The specimen represented was found in dense jungle near the banks of the stream at Burlear on the Eastern slopes. I have also specimens from Ceylon. This is a very pretty species when seen in per- fection: the lip is curious. Lindley describes the middle lobe as “ alte bilobo abbreviato,” but it is not cleft but rolled back as attempted to be shown in the plate. The spur is also of a very unusual shape, a little round knob at the base of the lip. 1669. ArRipEs WieHTIANUM (Lind. Vanda parvi flora R. W. in Icon.), leaves strap-shaped, oblique at the base, obtuse, 2-lobed with a tooth between: racemes straight, simple, many-flowered, longer than the leaves: sepals and petals oval, the anterior ones larger: lip funnel-shaped, lateral lobes adnate to the foot of the column, the middle one sub-cuniate, roundish, 3-lobed at the apex; disk crested with several elevated crisp lines; spur short, conical. Middle lobe of the lip deep lilac, capsules club- shaped six-angled. Flowers yellow. = coinciding in the very peculiar distinctive feature, very imperfectly represented in the figure, the long thread-like tails of the lateral sepals, but I am un- certain whether to view them as distinct species or only varieties. In appearance they differ, but that may be merely owing to difference in luxu- riance or exposure of the stations where they re- spectively grew. 1659-60. Puasas BICOLOR (Lind.), stemless, scapes longer than the leaves: leaves lanceolate, acumi-. nate: sepals and petals lanceolate, acuminate: lip cucullate, bellied, entire, limb obtuse, cuspidato-un- dulate on the margin, furnished towards the base with two flat plates: spur cylindrical, curved, emar- inate at the apex, about the length of the ovary. lowers yellowish, lip rose-coloured, spur yellow. Ceylon, in pasture on the sides of hills. I have two coloured drawings before me, both from the pencil of Mrs. Walker, in the one the colour corresponds with Lindley’s description, the other has the sepals and petals purplish above, brownish pale-white beneath, the lip, externally, pale brownish-yellow, within, rose. Can the dif- ference originate in the flowers changing colour after expansion ? This genus, so far as I am aware, has not yet been met with in the Peninsula, but as it may be ex- pected in Malabar, I have introduced this species to make it known, if found. 1661. ARUNDENIA BAMBUSIFOLIA (Lind.), lip fur- nished within with two fleshy undulated crested plates, and a shorter straight intermediate one: lat- eral lobes short, entire or sub-obsolete, middle one two-lobed, segments divaricating, crisp: petals lan- ceolate : leaves acuminate. The specimens from which the drawing was made were from Ceylon, it is also found in Malabar. The above character is taken from Nepaul specimens, but seems quite in accordance with our plant. 1662. APATURIA LINDLEYANA (R. W.) petals linear, sub-spathulate, equaling the oblong linear lan- ceolate acute sepals: lateral lobes of the lip obtuse, roundish: middle one ovate, straight, with three crests extending nearly its whole length, and decurrent on the claw: the middle one thicker and higher than the others; lateral ones not marginal, bracts as long as the ovary, ovate, cucullate, acute. Coorg, Jerdon, flowering December and January. I almost fear this is too near Lindley's .4. senilis, the distinctive marks being apparently very slight, but still, so far as I can gather from the brief char- acter, they seem distinct. 1663. Ipsea sPrcrosa (Lind.). This is the only species of the genus yet known. A native of Ceylon. T have also a specimen, perhaps a new species, found on the Malabar Ghauts, but have not yet suf- ficiently examined it. The figure is taken from a drawing by Mrs. Colonel Walker. I gathered spe- cimens in April 1836, in company with the late Colonel Walker. The genus is said by Lindley to be very peculiar, partly on account of the species having two-lobed, fleshy roots, like those of the Ophrydez, a very unusual coincidence in Orchids, with waxy pollen. The. figure does not exhibit that feature. c.) 1674-75. SaccoLABIUM SPICIOSUM (R. W.) leaves strap-shaped, obliquely emarginate at the apex: panicle large, lateral branches few-flowered, terminal one long, drooping at the apex, many- flowered: sepals broad ovato-elliptic, obtuse, petals rhombeo-spathulate: lip 3-lobed, lateral ones small sub-orbicular, furnished with a recurved plate; middle one sub-triangular, crenate, reflexed on the margins, truncate at the apex : spur tapering, shorter than the lip, hooked outwards, fruit short obconical, surmounted by the marcescent perianth. Flowers rose coloured, fining off towards the margin, lip much deeper, approaching crimson. In forests about Paulghaut in the Malabar District, flowering July and August. An exceedingly handsome species. The lip is nearly twice as large asthe sepals, somewhat ventri- cose above, from the margins being recurved. The scale at the base is paler and curved backwards towards the column. It seems to form the connect- ing link between rides and Saccolabium. 1676. SACCOLABIUM PANICULATUM (R. W.), leaves strap-shaped, somewhat channeled, obliquely 2-lobed at the apex: panicles racemose, many-flowered, much longer than the leaves: sepals and petals sub- orbicular, obovate obtuse: petals smaller than the sepals: lip ovate attenuate towards the point, with 2 small sub-orbicular lobes at the base, and a fleshy gland-like appendage closing the throat of the spur : spur conical, about the length of the lip. Flowers nearly white with a light tinge of pink, lip streaked with crimson. Iyamally Hills, on branches of trees, flowering September and October. I have another drawing before me taken from what appears a stunted less perfect specimen of the pex in which the anterior sepals are represented arger than the posterior, and all more ovate than in the accompanying plate. They agree in other respects, whence I consider it a mere variety, by which this species approaches S. niveum, Lind., but which is a much smaller, the leaves being only 24 inches long and 1 of an inch broad. My specimen may therefore perhaps be more properly viewed as a large variety of the latter. 1 LA 1677./ 8523ھ‎ LINDLEYANA (R. W.) leaves fleshy, coriaceous, sub-elliptic oblong, oblique, deeply emarginate at the apex: racemes erect, many-flow- ered: sepals and petals obovato-suborbicular, ante- rior sepals somewhat larger and, like the lip, thick and coriaceous: lip three-lobed attached to the point of the prolonged base of the column: lateral lobes small, ovate, middle one large ovate, ventricose above, crisp on the penne with a large fleshy lobe at the base, closing the spur: spur short, rigid, inflexed under the lamina: capsules large, obovate, long pedicelled. Flowers pinkish-lilac, deeper on the axis, fining off to nearly white on the margins; lip the same, but much deeper coloured. On clefts of rocks bordering the Kartairy Falls below Kaitie, also on rocky clefts on a high hill over Coonoor, flowering nearly the whole year, at least I gathered it in April, and I have it now, Nov., in flower in pots in Coimbatore. It is a very handsome species, worthy of being dedicated to the accomplished author of the “ gen- Iyamally Hills, Coimbatore, flowering August and September. ; The distinctive marks between Vanda and Ærides are not always very clearly defined, and when nam- ing this drawing Ivo misled by its similarity to Vanda spathulata, and named it accordingly. I after wards discovered my mistake and beg the reader to correct the name on the plate. 1670. VANDA Wientiana? (Lind. MSS. in Herb. Wight), leaves strap-shaped, unequally 2- lobed at the apex: peduncles much shorter than the leaves, divaricate: sepals and petals sub-spathu- late, sepals all equal, larger than the petals: lip 3- lobed; lateral lobes short obtuse; middle one sub- orbicular, saccate at the base: fruit oblong, conical. Flowers yellowish dashed with dark crimson or purplish spots, lip nearly white with a red line at the base of the lamina. Iyamally Hills and Malabar, growing on branches of trees. The specimen in my Herbarium, named by Lindley, is in fruit a z Had he seen flowers he would per- haps have referred it to a different genus. It seems to me to associate better with Saccolabium papillo- sum than with any species of Vanda with which I am acquainted. I should not therefore be sur- prised to find this and the following removed to that genus. 1671. VANDA PULCHILLA (R. W.), leaves narrow, strap-shaped, deeply 2-cleft at the apex, segments divaricate: racemes short, many-flowered: sepals and petals all equal, obovate, cuniate : lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes short, obtuse, middle one ovate fim- briated, with a large inflated sack at the base. Flowers green or yellowish, passing into white, dashed with purple. Pendulous by its long reots from branches of trees on the banks of the Kartairy river below the falls. An - We id beautiful plant but I fear scarcely referable to this genus. 1672. SACCOLABIUM PAPILLOSUM (Lind.), leaves strap-shaped, obliquely cuspidate at the apex: racemes short, P : sepals fleshy, linear, ovate, obtuse: spur of the lip obconical, obtuse, villous within; lamina ovate, fleshy, papillose, recurved. Flowers white and tinged with yellow and purple. Malabar, on branches of trees usually pendulous by its long roots. ; 1673. SaccoLABIUM RUBRUM (Lind.) leaves chan- neled, bowed, bidentate at the apex: racemes erect, many-flowered: sepals and petals ovate, obtuse: spur of the lip cylindrical, obtuse, incurved ; lamina oval, acuminate, fleshy at the apex, bicorniculate at the base. Flowers deep rose colour, leaves mot- tled with purple, pale on the under surface. Neilgherries, frequent on branches of trees, flow- ering during the rainy season, or from May until October. I am not sure that I understand Lindley's char- acter of the lip, especially the * base bicorniculate," nor whether this one possesses that character. Ín other respects this plant seems to correspond well with the character. (3 J 1681. DiPLOCENTRUM LONGIFOLIUM (R. W), leaves linear, strap-shaped, channeled, obtuse, ob- lique, the apex emarginate : racemes axillary, erect, sparingly branched, longer than the leaves: sepals and petals ovate, nearly all equal, obtuse: lip entire, undulated, obtuse or emarginate, capsules obovate, pendulous, connectivum prolonged into a flat very obtuse appendage with the cells at the base. Sepals and petals dull brownish, tinged with pink, lip dull pinkish-lilac. On branches of trees, Orange Valley, Neilgher- ries, also Iyamally Hills, flowering June and July. 1682, DiPLocENTRUM CONGESTUM (R. W.), leaves short, sub-elliptic oblong, deeply emarginate or 2- lobed at the apex: racemes longer than leaves, axil- lary, sparingly branched, erect, many-flowered: flowers congested, small: sepals and petals ovate: lateral sepals oblique, larger than the petals: lip ovate, tapering, truncated at the point; connectivum of the anther prolonged, truncated at the apex: caudicula long subulate; gland very large, some- what 2-lobed. Colour not preserved but like the preceding. Iyamally, on branches of trees, flowering during the rainy months, July to October, rare. 1683. ALCEOLADES TENERA (Lind.) caulescent leaves oblong, fleshy, emarginate ; spikes 3—4-flow- ered, horizontal, shorter than the leaves: posterior sepal erect, helmet-form, anterior ones leaning on the lip, equal; petals parallel to the helmet and like it; all distinct at the base: lip shorter than the sepals, three-lobed, cucullate, lateral lobes erect, emarginate, truncated; middle one fleshy, 3-lobed, flat with 2 callosities at the base: spur short, in- curved. Flowers brownish-yellow with crimson points, lip white. Nuera Ellia, Ceylon, on trees, flowering March. This plate is taken from a drawing by Mrs. Col. Walker, with the following note attached. “ Sepals and petals greenish-yellow streaked with brownish- red.—Lip fleshy, 3 outer lobes pure white, the other part yellow, streaked with pink. Column and an- thers red and yellow. Leaves thick and fleshy, on some plants larger and on others smaller than here represented.” 1684. SARCANTHUS FILIFORMIS (R. W.), pendu- lous, leaves terete, filiform, spike simple, ascending, much shorter than the leaves: sepals narrow lanceo- late, posterior one larger: petals ovate, orbicular, ob- tuse, much larger than the sepals: lip thee-lobed, lateral lobes erect, obtuse, middle one ovate, acute, reflexed ; spur slightly recurved, obtuse, as long as the flower: capsule sub-cylindrical, clavate. Flow- ers orange-yellow streaked with darker crimson lines. Anamally forests, pendulous from branches of trees, flowering September and October. lam indebted to Major Cotton (Civil Engineer) for the specimens here represented. I suspect the ur capsule represented does not belong to the plant. 1685. SarcantHUS roseus (R. W.), pendulous: leaves round, subulate, of very firm hard texture; racemes spicate, ascending, compact; anterior sepal lanceolate, acute, posterior one linear obtuse : petals broad, orbicular: spur of the lip straight, inflated at era and species of Orchideous plants.” Thad at dif- ferent times two drawings made of this beautiful plant; by some accident both were, at different times, sent to the lithographer who, knowing no better, printed both. This explanation seems called for to account for the appearance of two plates of the same plant. The loss however is mine. My location, 300 miles from the press, prevented the dis- covery of the blunder in time to prevent it. 1678. PoLYSTACHYA LUTEOLA (Hooker) spike panicled, leaves oblong, lanceolate, many-nerved, shorter than the scape: flowers and ovaries glab- rous. Flowers pale yellow. Iyamally Hills, near Coimbatore on branches of trees, flowering August and September—also on the Pulney Mountains during the rains. Lindley places this genus in the tribe Malaridee, remarking that *the pollen masses are in reality four in number and lie loosely side by side, two in each cell of the anther," and objects to the correct- ness of Sir W. Hooker's figure which represents them *adhering to a common pedicel and gland, 4 in number, and not lying side by side, but upon each other.” My drawing was prepared long before I knew the genus, and had the pollen exactly as represented by Hooker. Lindley’s remark induced me to re-examine it in dried specimens when I found Lindley's statement correct, and unfortu- nately had the drawing, as I supposed, corrected. Subsequently I received living specimens of the following, No. 1679, and found that they corres- ponded with Hooker's figure. This led me to sus- pect that I had unjustly charged the artist with incorrectness of observation and had by my altera- tion, in that particular, spoiled my drawing, the pollen in that being truly Vandeous, that is, furnished with a caudicula and gland, and therefore placed the genus here as being its proper place. Since sending the drawing to the Lithographer, I have had another opportunity of examining the fresh pollen of this one, and find my suspicions verified, this also having a caudicula and gland, 1679. PoLYSTACHYA PURPUREA (R. W.) spike panicled, leaves coriaceous, linear oblong, obtuse, emarginate, shorter than the scape: flowers and ovary glabrous: lip pubescent within: gland of the pollen scutelliform, orbicular, caudicula short: cap- sules ovoid. Flowers purplish or rather perhaps dark lilac, lip much paler. On the top of Iyamally, a high hill about 3000 feet of rd يمن‎ with the following, on branches of trees, flowering in June, and on several subsequent occasions from the same range of hills. 1680. DiPLocENTRUM RECURVUM (Lind.), “leaves folded, fleshy, recurved: racemes panicled recurv- ed: flowers small: spurs obconical, incurved: upper sepal and petals nearly equal, anterior sepals larger, unequal-sided : lip ovate, entire, acute, much larger than the sepals; flowers deep pink, fining off on the margins to white, lip crimson. Iyamally Hills, flowering from May to September. It is difficult to say whether this ke really Lind- ley’s plant, but it seems to correspond with his de- scription so far as it goes. Its actual identity can only be determined by comparison of specimens. ( 10 ) the names, the first error of course leading to the second, Such being the case I must request the favour of the reader’s correcting the name on the plate as above, and substituting for that given with 911 the following: 911. CymBıpıum TENUIFOLIUM (Wild. C. triste R. W. Icon.), leaves sub-cylindrical (terete): umbels sub-sessile, sepals linear obtuse, spreading, mucro- nate below the point; shorter than the oblong, linear, obtuse, sub-falcate petals and lip: lip oblong, con- cave, with three callosities on the disk, auricled at the base, membranaceous, two-lobed at the apex. Sepals yellowish-green, lip purple, streaked with paler lines, Branches of trees, eastern slopes of the Neil- gherries and Iyamally Hills, flowering from July to October. 1690. CYRTOPERA FUSCA (R. W.) leaves long lanceolate, plicate: scape straight, many-flowered : sepals linear lanceolate, acute, longer than the broader, ovato-lanceolate petals: lip obsoletely 3- lobed, lateral lobes short roundish, middle one ob- long, undulate, pointed, the disk covered with minute papille: base of the column prolonged, obtuse, forming with the lip a large inflated spurious spur. Sepals dull reddish-brown or lilac, ascending; petals and lip much paler. On rocky clefts among turf in rich vegetable soil by the Kartairy Falls near Kaitie, Neilgherries. 6 rhizoma is very large, somewhat ovate and flattened ; the scapes and flowers appear first and are suc- ceeded by the leaves, scapes from 12 to 18 inches high, and in large specimens exceeding two feet, flowering May and June. I also saw it, but rare, on rocky clifts on the top of the high hill east of Coonoor. It seems a very distinct species. I may here men- tion that a species very nearly allied to C. flava has been found on the Travancore hills. The only spe- cimen I have seen was communicated by General Callen and is given in a subsequent plate. 1691. AcrRas ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lind.) leaves linear lanceolate acuminate, spike elongated, flowers small, all looking one way (secund): petals subulate: lip pendulous, twice the length of the sepals, trifid at the apex, the middle lobe shorter, flowers greenish. Simla, Himalayas, Countess Dalhousie. This genus has not yet been found so far south, but as it may yet be I have taken advantage of the circumstance of my having good specimens to give a figure of the only known Indian representative of the genus. 1692. PLALANTHERA IANTHA (R. W.), stem leafy : leaves broad cordato-ovate, obtuse, stem-clasping : diminishing in size towards the apex, where they resemble large bracts: flowers axillary, solitary, ses- sile: posterior larger sepal and petals united, hel- met-like, ovate obtuse; lateral ones falcate longer than the lanceolate acute petals: lip broad obcor- date, apiculate, limb equaling the claw, pubescent at the base, spur short, conic Flowers deep lilac, le similarly tinged and striated with darker es. Neilgherries, in pastures, flowering August and جح‎ also in Malabar. D the point, produced into an ovate acute fleshy plate, with a large globose callosity at the base, gland of the pollen large, capsule small, ovate. Flowers rose-coloured, petals green at the base within. Neilgherries, pendulous from branches of decay- ing trees, near Neddawuttim, flowering August and September. According to the generic character the species should have the spur 4 two-celled within (calcare intus 4 biloculari). This character is an obscure one and not likely to be much sought after. J have however looked for it in these 2 species and, so far as I understand the author’s meaning, find it wanting, but nevertheless consider both species of the genus. In No. 1747 will be found what appears to be an- other species, though a very different looking one, in which the spur is traversed the pero part of its length by a partition which partially divides it into two cells and is what, I suppose, Lindley means by the above phrase. If so, then it is wanting in both the above plants and, if its presence is considered indispensable to the admission of a species into the genus, both, and probably also the following (No. 1686) must be excluded. Leaving out that char- acter, the great spur, or more properly, the saccate lip, forms a natural and easily-recognized character, but is found in other genera, as for example, in some species of Saccolabium. 1686. SARCANTHUS WALKERIANUS (R. W.), erect? leaves linear, channeled, strap-shaped, very oblique and 2-lobed at the apex: raceme erect, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered: flowers long pedicelled: posterior sepal larger, galiate: spur large (lip sac- cate) plates of the lip nearly obsolete, the anterior one tooth-like. Flowers minute, pink with a bright green spot on the anterior lobe of thelip. The larger pollen masses red, the smaller ones yellow. Neuera Ellia, Ceylon, on trees, flowering August. I am indebted to Mrs, Colonel Walker for the a drawing which, as representing a form so different from the other two, I have thought it desir- able to preserve. 1687-88. CYMBIDIUM ALOIFOLIUM (Swartz), leaves ensiform, coriaceous, oblique, obtuse : racemes pen- dulous, many-flowered: bracts minute: petals and sepals lanceolate somewhat obtuse : lip revolute, late- ral lobes acute, middle one oblong, obtuse: plates interrupted, clavate, arcuate towards the base. Petals and ze yellowish-red, lip dark lilac, tending to purple. On branches of trees. The specimens figured were taken from the branches of a tree (recently blown down) near the foot of the Neilgherries. The raceme is here represented erect in place of pen- dulous, which it should have been, for want of room. 1689. Cymerprum TRISTE (Wild. not R. W. Icon. No. 911), leaves terete (sub-cylindrical) umbels sub- sessile: sepals and petals connivent, fleshy, oblong, boat-shaped, lip oblong, twice the breadth of the sepals. Flowers pale pink, lip at first conformable, afterwards lilac. Iyamally Hills, pee ١ September and October or probably from July till October. After this plate was printed I had the good for- tune to receive specimens, at the same time, of both this plant and that figured No. 911, and was grieved to find that I had misnamed both by transposing (u) sepals; middle one short, fleshy, conical, blunt-point- ed, furrowed in front, shorter than the inflated blad- dery spur. Sepals green, petals and spur greenish- white. Neilgherries, in pastures. The aspect of the lip of this species is very pecu- liar, recalling to mind the head and very long horns of some of the antelope tribe. It seems very dis- tinct from all Richard’s species. 1698. PrnisTYLIS EXILIS (R. W.), stem naked or slightly vaginate at the base, leafy in the middle: leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute, tapering at the base into a short: petiol, slightly sheathing: scape long and slender, furnished with a few remote scales: flowers numerous: bracts ovate, acute, about half the length of the ovary : sepals and petals ovate, bluntish, about equal: lip concave at the base, 3- lobed; lateral lobes long, filiform, acute, cirrhate at the point, middle one much shorter, straight; spur short, inflated at the apex, with a narrow neck. Pulney Mountains, flowering September. The whole plant varies from 15 to 20 inches in height and is very slender in proportion to its length. 1699. PerıstyLıs ROBUSTIOR (R. W.), erect, lower half of the stem naked, with the exception of three or four sheathing scales: above leafy to the base of the spike: leaves 8-10, lanceolate, acute, shortly sheathing at the base: spike short, thin: bracts ovate, acuminate, very acute, nearly equaling the ovary : sepals and petals lanceolate, equal, some- what broader towards the point: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes filiform, pendulous, middle one subulate, much Shorter; spur about the length of the sepals, blad- — at the apex, contracted above into a narrow neck. This species is certainly very nearly allied to the former but is a stronger and larger plant, altogether more rigid; the flowers however seem nearly the same. 1700. HABENARIA FoLıosa (A. Richard), stem leafless at the base, vaginate, sheaths loose: leaves elliptic, acute, sheathing at the base, decreasing in size above: spikes dense, bracts ovate, acute, con- volute at the base, longer than the ovary: sepals ovate, the posterior one broader and shorter than the lanceolate lateral ones: petals deeply 2-cleft, anterior lobe thiner and shorter: lip 3-parted to the base; lobes filiform, subulate, equal: fleshy pro- cesses of the column long, obtuse: spur inflated, length of the ovary. Flowers greenish or dirty white, petals, especially the extremities, green. Neilgherries, on elevated dry knolls among short stunted grass, flowering July and August. The plant selected for representation is, for the convenience of suiting the size of the plate, a rather small one. 1701. HABENARIA TRINERVIA (R. W.), leaves cordato-ovate, acute, 3-5-nerved: raceme rather short: bracts ovate subcucullate, acuminate, longer than the flowers: sepals broad ovate, posterior one orbicular, lateral ones oblique: petals 2-parted, lobes linear, falcate, obtuse, both ascending parallel, the anterior ones shorter: lip 3-parted, lobes nearly equal, somewhat divaricate; the lateral ones broader towards the apex: spur a little shorter than the ovary, inflated. The flowers from the specimen appear yellowish-green. The dull purplish tinge of the leaves added to the much deeper and brighter colour of the flowers, gives a peculiar and striking aspect. It seems nearly allied to P. obcordata, and still more nearly to the following, but I believe them all three dis- tinct. Is it not rather a Gymnadenia ? I suspect both these plants might with equal or greater propriety have been referred to Gymnadenia, but I confess I do not know how to distinguish them. 1 at first placed them in that genus and fear I have changed for the worse. 1693. PLALANTHERA AFFINIS(R. W.), stem leafy: leaves ovate, acute, sessile, three-nerved : diminish- ing in size towards the apex: flowers small, axillary, sessile: sepals and petals galiate: posterior sepal ovate, scarcely exceeding the length of the narrower lanceolate acute petals: anterior sepals slightly ex- ceeding the posterior: lip broad, obovate, slightly pointed, disk pubescent, claw ciliate: spur short, obtuse, inflated. Pulney Mountains, flowering September. The flowers of this species are much smaller and fewer, less compactly congregated, than in the other in which the apex of the stem at length almost as- sumes the form of a raceme, the leaves being re- duced to the size of ordinary bracts. 1694. PLALANTHERA BRACHYPHYLLA (Lind.), leaves 2, radical, fleshy, reniform, orbicular: scape clothed with acuminate scales: bracts ovate, acuminate, cucullate, as long as the flowers: sepals ovate round- ish, the upper ones obtuse, the lateral ones acute, pendulous: petals smaller, ovate: lip deeply 3-cleft, shorter than the sepals, three times shorter than the clavate spur, ovary beaked. Flowers greenish-white, spur green. The specimen represented grew on the Neilgher- ries, but I have repeatedly met with the plant in other localities. 1695. Peristytis Lawn (R. W.), stem loosely vaginate at the base, three or four-leaved in the middle, above naked: leaves oblong lanceolate, acute, scape exceeding the leaves, thin: sepals linear lanceolate, obtuse, narrower than the petals: lip equaling the sepals, 3-lobed at the apex, lobes all equal, or the middle one a little broader, spur short, bladdery. Belgaum. I am indebted to Mr. Law of Bombay for my specimens of this plant. 1696. PrnisTYLIS SPIRALIS (A. Richard), stem slender, leafless at the base, loosely vaginate: leaves 3-4 elliptico-lanceolate acute, sheathing at the base ; scape above clothed with acuminate scales, passing into bracts, spike spiral, flowers small: bracts lan- ceolate acuminate, as long as the flowers: sepals ovate, oblong, obtuse: petals lanceolate, acute: lip saccate at the base, 3-cleft, fleshy, the middle lobe a pin broader, all linear obtuse. Flowers greenish- white. Neilgherries, in pastures, not unfrequent. 1697. Peristytis 及 ICHARDIANUS (R. W.), stem leafy from the base: leaves ovate, lanceolate, acute, scarcely sheathing at the base: spike somewhat compact: bracts broad, ovate, acuminate, shorter than the ovary: sepals and petals equal: lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes filjform, subulate, erect, longer than the Se‏ اا 1706. HABENARIA ELLIPTICA (R. W.), radical leaves elliptico-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, those above bract-like, smaller, sub-cucullate, acuminate: bracts ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, about the length of the ovary: raceme loose, many-flowered; flowers sub-pubescent within: se- pals ovate, anterior ones reflexed, larger than the posterior one and petals: petals broad ovate, obtuse, about the length of the anterior sepals, lip 3-cleft, lobes equal: spur filiform, pendulous, the length of the ovary. Pulney Mountains, in pastures, flowering Septem- ber. The plant attains the height of from 12 to 15 inches, flowers greenish-white. 1707. HABENARIA AFFINIS (R. W.), radical leaves elliptico-lanceolate, pointed, tapering below into a short sheathing petiol, slightly undulated ; stem clothed with numerous ovate much acuminat- ed foliaceous scales: raceme many-flowered, loose : bracts shorter than the ovary, acute: sepals and petals about equal; posterior sepal galiate, anterior ones reflexed: lip 3-cleft, longer than the sepals; laterallobes subulate, middle one narrow lanceolate : spur incurved or even hooked at the point, filiform, a little more than half the length of the ovary. There is no station attached to this specimen, but it is my impression that I obtained it from Mr. Law from Belgaum. In the magnified figures the artist has sadly missed the proportions as regards length between the spur and ovary. The plant seems ve nearly allied to H. elliptica, with reference to whic I have given the specific name affinis. 1708. HABENARIA OVALIFOLIA (R. W.), radical leaves sheathing at the base, oval, acute above, attenuated below into a short petiol: stem clothed with a few distant scales: racemes lax, many-flower- ed: bracts ovate, acute, shorter than the ovary: sepals and petals about equal, posterior sepal and petals galiate, anterior one reflexed, deeply 3-cleft, lobes lanceolate, lateral ones reflexed, pendulous, middle one ascending, erect: spur filiform about the length of the slender ovary. Flowers a dull pale pea green. Malabar and Anamally Hills, flowering July and August. This plant is uniform in form but variable in size ; plants from one to four feet may be met with in a single clump of specimens, for it is often found gre- gariously disposed. It seems very distinct from all those described by Lindley. 1709. HABENARIA PLATYPHYLLA (Spreng.), radi- cal leaves orbicular, acute, horizontal : spike dense, many-flowered: bracts setacio-acuminate, half the length of the ovary: lip 3-toothed, middle one linear acute, lateral ones- short, toothless: sepals equal: spur filiform, very long, thickened at the point. Neilgherries, Iyamallay, and elsewhere, flowering from July to September. Flowers white. 1710. HABENARIA PLANTAGINEA (Lind.), radical leaves oblong, or oblong lanceolate, acute or obtuse, spike lax, secund: bracts membranaceous, acute, half the length of the ovary: lip three-cleft round- ish, middle lobe linear, acute, the lateral ones broad, denticulate, about equal: sepals about equal, ascend- ing: spur filiform, pendulous, longer than the beaked ovary. Flowers white, spur green. Belgaum, Law. - I am indebted to Mr. Law for my only specimen of this very distinct species. It comes near H. digitata from which however it seems quite distinct, especially as regards the petals. The 3 centre nerves of the leaves are much more conspicuous than shown in the plate, while the exterior pair, being thin, are much less so. 1702. HABENARIA PERISTYLOIDES (R. W.), leaves few, 4-6, linear ovate, acuminate, congested near the base, scape clothed with a few ovate acuminate scales: racemes compact, short: bracts ovate, acute, about half the length of the ovary: posterior sepal ovate, obtuse, broader than the lanceolate ascending lateral ones: petals obtuse, shorter and broader than the lateral sepals: lip three-lobed, lateral lobes fili- form, divaricated; middle one shorter, fleshy, ovate, pointed: spur clavate, about the length of the some- what rostrate ovary. Flowers white, capsule oval, Pulney Mountains, September. The peculiar character of the lip, so completely that of Peristyles, at first led to the belief of this plant belonging to that genus, and has furnished the specific name. 1703-4. HABENARIA HEYNEANA (Lind., H. Per- rolletiana? Richd.). Under No. 923 of this work I have transcribed Dr. Lindley's character of this species. The plant there represented did not quite accord with the character, but did so in so many points, as left no doubt on my mind of its being that species, it may perhaps be H. Perrottetiana, Richard. On going over my Herbarium, selecting materials for this work, I found numerous specimens, all more or less agreeing with the character, but none, unless perhaps E. of the accompanying plate, that seemed actually to correspond with the character, while at the same time none, except A. was deemed suffi- ciently distinct to admit of its being distinguished as a species. Under the impression that it was so, a specific name was assigned to that plant, but on comparing several specimens with the other forms, I soon found it difficult to draw distinctions sufficiently permanent to admit of their being con- sidered of specific value. The size and form of the leaves varied more or less in every specimen, while the secund raceme, large cucullate ventricose acuminate bracts, more or less deeply 3-parted lip, with the curved lateral lobes and the nearly equal sepals and petals were present in all. Under these circumstances I could scarcely fail arriving at the conclusion that all the varying forms were referable to but one species; and that I have endeavoured satisfactorily to illustrate by selecting 4 of the most prominent forms and placing them side by side, in one plate. Should other Botanists think that I have erred in taking this view it affords materials for the correction of my error. 1705. HABENARIA VERIDIFLORA (R. Brown), radical leaves numerous, narrow, acute, recurved : raceme loose, many-flowered: bracts subulate, the length of the pedicels: sepals ovate: petals similar, smaller: lip 3-parted, a little longer than the sepals, lateral lobes horizontal, filiform, middle one longer: spur filiform, pendulous, the length of the ovary. The station of this plant is not marked. The drawing was taken from a specimen named by Dr. Lindley. EN) Neither of the magnified figures gives a good idea of the lip of this species which is most characteristic. The one in the lower right hand corner is the nearest correct, the one above a variation. The magnified flower on the left is introduced to correct the im- perfections of that given, No. 927, to which plant it belongs. That drawing was made 14 years ago, when much less conversant with the order than now, and on the supposition it was but a variety of Richard’s plant, unfortunately published under his name and character. Recent investigation has led to the detec- tion of that error which may be corrected by the reader substituting the following name and character, 927. HABENARIA DECIPIENS (R. W.), stem leafy at the base: furnished with lanceolate much acumi- nated acute scales: leaves linear, lanceolate, acute: raceme lax, few- 4—6-flowered, bracts ovate, lanceo- late long acuminate, shorter than the ovary: pos- terior sepal and shorter petals converging, galiate, lateral ones larger, oblique, falcate, reflexed: lip 3-cleft, middle lobe straight, pointed, rough, shorter than the broader semi-lanceolate denticulate lateral ones: ovary attenuated at both ends, ventricose in, the middle, scarcely half the length of the long filiform spur. Flowers white. Pulney Mountains (where the drawing was made, September 1836), Malabar, Neilgherries. The plant attains the height of from 18 inches to two feet, but is usually somewhat less. It is readily distinguished from H montana by the length of the spur, a feature not sufficiently preserved in the original drawing, the want of which misled me in the first instance. 1715. HABENARIA JERDONIANA (R. W.), leaves radical, orbicular, sub-cuspidate, few (two in the only specimens I have seen) scape clothed with short acute scales: spike remotely few-flowered, bracts acute: posterior sepal and converging small petals liate, lateral ones broad, ovate, reflexed : lip much onger than the sepals, deeply 3-parted; lobes all filiform, lateral ones divaricated, horizontal, middle one shorter, straight, spur clavate, shorter than the ovary. Malabar. Jerdon. I am indebted to Mr. Jerdon for my only speci- men, the one represented, of this very curious little plant and as being one of the most curious of the genus, [ have thought it a fit subject with which to commemorate the aid I have received from him towards illustrating this interesting family. 1716. SATYRIUM PERROTTETIANUM (A. Richd.), cauline leaves sessile, broad, ovate, acute, plaited, loosely sheathing at the base, diminishing above: flowers loosely spicate; bracts longer than the flowers, ovate oblong, acute, erect or oftener re- flexed; lateral sepals ovate, lanceolate, acute, mid- dle one linear oblong: petals linear, obtuse: spurs length of the ovary, stalk of the stigma (gynostem) eo longish. (Richard.) Flowers and bracts deep pi Neilgherries, frequent in low moist pastures. This is a difficult genus, as the species are very apt to vary. Distinguishing specific marks have been taken from the forms of the leaves and rela- tive lengths of the spurs and ovary. These, it appears to me, supply uncertain characters, though certainly not to be overlooked, unless combined Ceylon, Tinnevelly, Travancore, Iyamallays, Bom- bay and elsewhere. I have specimens from all the stations mentioned. 1711. HABENARIA CEPHOLOTES (Lind. H. tricho- santha Richd. not Lind.) leaves oblong, acuminate, channeled; raceme oblong densely many-flowered: bracts cucullate, acuminate, longer than the ovary: lip 3-lobed pubescent the middle one linear acute, the lateral ones roundish fimbriato-ciliate: upper se- pal and petals converging, galiate, pubescent, ante- rior sepals sub-triangular, tomentose within, twice as large: spur pendulous, clavate at the apex, longer than the lip. Flowers white. Neilgherries, not unfrequent in pastures, flowering August and September. The tomentose lining of the lateral sepals at once Bei resis this species from all the other Indian ones I have seen. 1719. HABENARIA FIMBRIATA (R. W), stem leafy throughout: leaves ovate acuminate, channeled: raceme short, compact, many-flowered : bracts ovate, acuminate, the lower ones foliaceous, somewhat cu- cullate, longer than the ovary, upper ones shorter: sepals broad, ovato-cordate, obtuse, the posterior one galiate, lateral ones sub-oblique, spreading, glabrous: petals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals: lip orbi- cular 3-lobed, middle lobe dentate, obtuse, lateral lobes broad, semi-orbicular, fimbriated on the mar- gins, spur filiform, longer than the ovary. Flowers white. Neilgherries, flowering during the autumnal rainy months. In habit and general appearance this closely ap- proaches the preceding, but the flower is very dif- ferent. The raceme is not represented compact enough in the drawing. 1713. HABENARIA RIcHARDIANA (R. W.) stem leafy at the base, scaly above: leaves ovate, some- what sheathing, acute: raceme short, lax, few-flow- ered: bracts ovate, lanceolate, acute, membranous, shorter than the ovary, sepals ovate, posterior one shorter, galiate, acute, lateral oblique, reflexed, ob- tuse: petals broad, ovate, obtuse, erect, lip 3-cleft, middle lobe dentate, entire, shorter than the lanceo- late diverging acute fimbriated lateral ones: spur filiform, pendulous, longer than the ovary. Flowers k; سه ې‎ from x axis. eilgherries, on roc ound amon on the Anamallies. £d ve This species very nearly approaches the next in several particulars, but is, I think, quite distinct, though it grows in similar places, and even some- times intermixed. 1714. HABENARIA MONTANA (A. Richard), leaves sheathing, oblong, lanceolate, channeled, 3-5 ap- proximating, passing into long lanceolate much acu- minated sheathing scales: raceme lax, few- (4-6) flowered: bracts oblong linear, very acute, shorter than the very long ovary: sepals glabrous, lateral ones broad, ovate, lanceolate ; posterior ovate, point- ed, galiate: petals lanceolate : lip trifid, middle lobe lanceolate, acute; the lateral ones broader, truncat- ed at the apex, unequally cut: spur longer than the نت‎ white. eilgherries, in moist roc 0 i localities. 4 em (Ww) Coorg, December and January. Jerdon. This plant flowers before producing its solitary leaf, hence the want of that organ. Roxburgh, who is the authority for this plant (if this is indeed his), under the name of Epipactis cari- nata, gives the following character. “Root a single simple sub-globular white bulb: leaf radical, soli- tary, cordate, smooth, 7-nerved: scape many-flower- ed: lip rhomboid sub-trilobate, middle lobe half the length of the whole, crenate: capsule oval, 6-wing- ed.” Flowers large, sepals and petals unilateral, linear lanceolate, pale green: lip with purple veins and spots on a pale greenish yellow ground: bracts ensiform, as long as the peduncle and ovary.—Roxb. 1721. CEPHALANTHERA ACUMINATA (Lind.), bracts setacious acuminate, the upper ones shorter than the ovary: upper half of the lip (epichillium) cordato- ovate, obtuse, bearded at the point, the base with five elevated lines: ovary smooth. Simla, Himalayas, Countess Dalhousie. I am uncertain whether this is a different species from the one from which Lindley took his character or that the character of the lip is liable to vary, as his character does not agree with my drawing. I infer the latter is the case as both of us have our specimens from the Himalayas. 1722. EPIPACTIS MACROSTACHYA (Lind.) leaves oblong, acuminate, stem-clasping, many-nerved: ra- ceme long, many-flowered: bracts foliaceous, the lower ones double the length of the flowers: lower half of the lip (hypochillium) roundish, upper half ovate, acute, smooth at the base, shorter than the sepals. This is a Nepaul species, but I do not think the specimen figured is from that locality, its station is unfortunately not mentioned The specimen is evidently a very poor one, and seems scarcely to accord, in some points with the character, so that I should have hesitated about pub- lishing it under this name had not Dr. Lindley him- self so named it. But being so named, it is desir- able that it should be published, for, if this is ob- tained from a southern station, as I believe it is, it becomes doubly interesting and the deficiency may be merely attributable to its growing in a less favour- able climate. 1733. ErrPAcTIS 1۸111010518 (R. W.), leaves cor- dato-obovate, acute, stem-clasping, many-nerved : ra- ceme loose, many-flowered : bracts foliaceous, ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, the lower ones about twice the length of the flower, the upper ones shorter: lower half of the lip (hypochillium) concave, sub-inflated, upper half (epichillium) cordato-orbicular, crenate, pointed etuberculate at the base. Simla, Countess Dalhousie. So far as I understand Lindley’s character, this is a very distinct species from all his Himalayan species. 1724. SPIRANTHES AUSTRALIS (Lind.), radical and cauline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, sometimes ensiform: flowers spiral, glabrous, or oftener pubescent: bracts ovate, longer than the ovary: lip oblong, dilated at the apex, crisp, pube- scent above. Flowers white. Neilgherries, abundant in pastures, flowering from June till October. E with others, derived from the sepals and petals, which seem, so far as I have yet had recourse to them, to furnish more constant, and upon the whole easily ascertained distinctions. On this point, how- ever, I wish to speak with some degree of reserve, as I was not aware of their value, and did not attend so much to them as I ought, when I had an opportunity of doing so, on the growing plants, and therefore make the remark now, principally for the purpose of directing attention to these organs on the part of future investigators. 1717. SATYRIUM ALBIFLORUM (Rich.) cauline leaves ovate oblong, acute, sessile, sheathing at the base, gradually passing into ovate, acute bracts: Spikes round, compact: bracts the length of the flowers, ovate oblong, acute, reflexed : lateral sepals thick, oblique, unequal sided, sub-falcate, obtuse; middle one obovate, oblong, obtuse: petals linear, obtuse: spurs length of the ovary, gynostem short ; upper lip of the stigma 2-lobed ; lobes, very obtuse. Flowers white, bracts greenish-red. Neilgherries, in similar places and often intermixed with the preceding, flowering from July to September. 1718. Saryrium Wienrianum (Lindley), stem naked at the base, sheathed: cauline leaves ovate, acute, somewhat coriaceous, sessile, loosely sheath- ing at the base: spike dense: bracts the length of the flowers, somewhat concave, broad, ovate, acute : lateral sepals oblique, ovate, obtuse, middle one nar- rower, obtuse: petals narrow obtuse, spurs shorter than the ovary: upper lip of the stigma obtuse, scarcely emarginate, gynostem short. Flowers deep pink, bracts dull lilac. Neilgherries, with the others, and flowering at the same time. The compact spike and small size of the flowers readily distinguish this species from the other pink- flowered ones, but the transitions are occasionally so gradual as to demand reference to other distin- guishing marks for their determination. 1719. Diseris NEILGHERRENSIS (R. W.), stem erect, 3-4-flowered ; leaves cordate, acute, crenate, stem-clasping: posterior sepals and petals cohering, galiate, reflexed on the margins: lateral sepals spath- ulate, spreading, undulate on the margin, sub-cus- pidate, pubescent at the base: lip fleshy, ascending, concealing the column, dilated, deeply 2-lobed above, below ending in an orbicular cuspidate appendage. Flowers pale reddish-white, spotted with crimson points ; leaves light pea green. Neilgherries in woods on large mossy stones, and moist loose vegetable soil. Not uncommon in the woody ravine behind Kelso Cottage. I have also met with it in other places but it is upon the whole a rare plant, flowering July and August. An exceedingly beautiful plant and certainly dif- ficult, as regards its analysis, to represent. D. tripeta- loides has also been found this season in consider- able abundance, near Coonoor, by the Rev. Mr. John- son, also on the Goodaloor Ghaut, by Mr. Jerdon. - Though these two have some points of resemblance they are very distinct. 1720. Poconta CARINATA (Lind), leaf cordate, 7-nerved: scape many-flowered: lip rhomboid, some- what 3-lobed, veined, wooly within, the middle lobe crenate, (E) sent one (1726), are too short, they — P! a tendency to lengthen as they ascend. The speci- mens vary from 2 to 7 or 8 inches in height. 1727. CHEIROSTYLIS FLABELLATA (R. W. Mono- chilis flabellatum, R. W. in Icon.), leaves ovate, 3- nerved, acute, reticulately veined: scape pilose, few- flowered on the apex ; lip orbicular, limb spreading, deeply 2-cleft, lobes digitately 4—5-cleft, claw wi two callosities at the base: column furnished in front with four arm-like processes. Flowers white, leaves brown, tinged with pale red, and reticulated with darker coloured veins. Kartairy Falls, Neilgherries, among decaying leaves in the wood at the bottom of the Falls, flowering in February. It has since been found by the Rev. Edmund Johnson, flowering in November, near Coonoor. 1 inadvertently overlooked the union of the sepals when originally naming this plant and referred it to the neighbouring genus Monochilus, an oversight which I must beg the favour of the reader to cor- rect. The lip of this species differs a little from the character of the genus but not enough to entitle it to a new generic denomination. The pollen which the draftsman has represented as cleft, solid pollinia, is granular. The lip in esti- vation is curiously rolled inwards, and is inclosed within the tube of the sepals. The number of flowers on each scape is from 4 to 8; petals pure white, the ovary green. 1728. MonocHILUS AFFINE (Lind), stem pilose, leaves ovate, petioled, nerved : scape furnished with some sheathing scales: spike secund, few-flowered, bracts roundish, cucullate, acuminate, membranace- ous, as long as the pubescent ovary: sepals ovate, acute, petals rounded at the apex: lobes of the lip oblong, coarsely crenate, with two 12۲01016 6 callosities. Flowers white. Courtallum, in dense woods, flowering August and September. It was part of the specimens collected when this drawing was made to which Lindley refers and any discrepancies that may be remarked between the character and the figure is attributable . to the one being taken from recent the other from dried specimens. : 1729. Goopyera PROCERA (Hooker), caulescent, glabrous, leaves lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the scape: spike long, dense, cylindrical: bracts ovate, acuminate, longer than the ovary: flowers sub-globose: sepals and petals roundish, convex, ob- tuse: lip bellied, the apex with a callous point, hairy within, the upper per of the column acuminate. Flowers white, anther red. " Burlear, Eastern slopes of the Neilgherries, on the banks of a stream, flowering July and August. have found it at different seasons. It is a widely diffused plant. I have gathered it on the Neilgher- ries, Courtallam, Malabar and Ceylon, and have specimens from other places. 1730. Goopyera OVALIFOLIA (R. W.), roots re- pent, leaves ovate acuminate or oftener a, nearly, perfect oval, with a short point; petiol about half the length of the limb, dilated, sheathing at the base: spikes long, slender, thinish (subrara), pubescent: lower bracts as long as the ovaries acute, sepals somewhat pubescent, ovate, acute, the posterior one Out of this very variable plant M. Richard has constituted two species, both of which are, I believe, included in this plate, but which, however distinct in the case of single specimens of extreme forms, are still unguestionably but one species. Lindley at one time made a third but which he afterwards reduced, viz., S. Wightiana. The three divisions of the plate contain Ist, (left figure) S. Wightiana, Lind., 2d, S. longi spicata, Rich., and 3d, S. densa? (Rich.) or per- haps the Ist and 3d may both go to form his densa. Richard adds a third species which [ have not yet seen, viz. S. Australis, with purple flowers. Perhaps there is some mistake here, as it was carefully look- ed for this season, but in vain, but even supposing such to be found it is not by any means clear that it is a distinct species as this one varies in the colour of its flowers. 1724-bis. ZUXINE BRACTEATA (R. W.), erect, leaves long, narrow linear, slightly sheathing at the base, membranous: spike cylindrical, compact, many-flow- ered: bracts broad naviculate at the base, tapering to a long acumen, the lower ones often twice or thrice the length of the flower, with a conspicuous costa: posterior sepals and petals galiate, somewhat saccate; anterior sepals free: lip fleshy, claw long without callosities, lamina of 2 oblong, obtuse, spread- ing lobes. Colour unknown, but apparently white. Syndibad, Stocks. Flowering February. 1 at first supposed this Z. sulcata, but the form of the lip and want of callosities on the claw are adverse to that supposition. My specimens vary from 3 to 10 inches in height. The spike is scarce- ly represented dense enough. 1725. ZUXINE BREVIFOLIA (R. W.), erect: leaves narrow, linear, acute, about twice the length of the internodes, some of the lower ones slightly sheath- ing: spike short, compact: bracts membranous, longer than the flowers, linear acute, posterior sepal and petals connate, galiate, convex at the base: lip fleshy, limb sub-orbicular, cuspidate, claw without callosities. Mysore, Jerdon. Flowering December and January. The plant is represented too large and stout and the upper leaves too large. In habit it approaches Z. sulcala and may be a variety of that plant but 1 think not. 1726. ZUXINE ROBUSTA leaves broad at the base, stem-clasping or slig sheathing, approximated, 3-nerved, slightly coriace- ous, acute: spike about half the length of the plant, bracts broad, foliaceous, longer, than the flowers, or the upper ones about equaling them: posterior sepal and lanceolate petals connate, galiate ; anterior sepals free: lip fleshy, limb orbicular, claw dilated, some- what lobed at the base: capsule short, thick, and ventricose. Mysore, Jerdon. January. The respective habits of these two species have not been well preserved in the drawings; nothing can be more evidently distinct than the aspect of d plants themselves, though so much alike in the res, The former slender and short leaved, the latter thick and stout in proportion to its size. This has partly happened owing to the tallest, not the most characteristic specimens, of each having been select- ed for representation. The upper leaves of the pre- (R. W.) erect, leafy, htly (46:3 According to Mr. Griffith’s character, there is only one perfect stamen, “Anther parallel with the column, dorsal, fleshy, prolonged into a long beak.” In place of one, I find three such anthers. Can it be that, as compared with mine, his plants were to that ex- tent deficient, or were the anterior anthers over- looked in a hurried dissection. In either case it is extraordinary, first, as it seems improbable that two plants to all appearance so perfectly identical, aves vagos so widely in so essential an organ; and secondly, it seems about equally improbable that such an accurate observer as Griffith should commit such an oversight. But considering the former the more improbable of the two, I may remark that this seems one of the most curious of Orchideous plants. It has 3 perfect stamens furnished with ceraceous pollen and these attached to ۵ caudicula and gland like those of Vandee. Lindley rejects Apostasia as a genus of Orchidea ; this seems an equally anoma- lous plant; can it also be similarly rejected so as in that way to preserve the symmetry of the order? or myself I think not. 1732. EvUPHROBOSCES PIGMZEA (Griffith The specimens from which the plant was first described were from Nepaul, and flowered in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. Those from which m drawing was taken were gathered by Mr. Jerdon on the Malabar. Ghauts. 1733. Mycarantues STRICTA (Lind), stem terete : spike secund, dense, many-flowered : lip with a scro- tiform callosity in the middle: perianth woolly, short, margins of the column winged, introflexed: leaves 1 or 2 linear lanceolate, sessile. The specimen figured was communicated by the late excellent Mr. Griffith from Malacca. He also furnished me with others from Mergui, Assam, and Khassia. 1734. PHREATEA UNIFLORA (R. W.), repent, pseu- do-bulbs globose, about 2-leaved: leaves obovate, cuspidate: scape longer than the leaves, 1-flowered : bract large, cordato-ovate, acuminate: lip lanceo- late acuminate, 2-nerved. Khassia Hills and Chunassangi, Griffith. I only know this genus from the specimen figured. 1735. Lirarıs ELLIPTICA (R. W.), pseudo-bulbs oval, compressed, costate on one side, 2-edged, trun- cated at the apex, 2-leaved : leaves elliptic, cuspi- date, nerved, sub-plicate, about half the length of the scape: scape sub-erect, raceme many-flowered : bracts ovate, subulate, about the length of the ovary : sepals sub-equal, ovato-elliptic, cuspidate, petals nar- row, linear, pointed: lip irregularly 3-lobed: lobes undulated, pointed, the middle one larger. Flowers greenish-yellow, approaching to straw-colour. On branches of trees about Coonoor, Neilgherries. Flowering from August to October. This species seems very nearly allied to L. viridi- flora of Ceylon. The pseudo-bulbs are naked, fleshy, costate on one side, two-edged—i. e. tapering off to- wards each side. Fig. 10. of the plate is a trans- verse section of the pseudo-bulbs. Oxysepata (R. W.). Gen. CHAR。 Sepals equal, ovate, long subulato- acuminate, sub-connate at the base. Petals narrow, and linear petals galiate: lip shorter than the super- posed lateral sepals, 3-toothed at the point, furnished within with a fimbriated appendage: ovary cylindri- cal, pilose. Flowers appear white within the sepals, exteriorly with a reddish tinge, leaves often tinged with purple. Courtallum, in dense forest, flowering August and September. It appears to come near G. elongata, Lind., but he seems uncertain whether that really belongs to the genus. This I consider a true species. 1731. ANECTOCHILUS SETACEUS (Blume), leaves coloured, ovate or oval acute, two-coloured: spike straight, few-flowered, and, like the sepals, pubescent, lip many-cleft, bristle like on the margins, rounded at the base with a conical emarginate sack. ۹۹8 greenish-white, edged and tipped with red; lip white: leaves dark brown or even black, traversed with netted golden-coloured veins. Ceylon, abundant in shady woods about Kandy. 1 am indebted to Mrs. Colonel Walker for the drawing, and with it the opportunity of making known the genus to the readers of this work. EuPHroBosceEs (Griffith). Gen. Cuar. Perianth posticous, connivent, fleshy. Sepals linear, oblong, lateral ones keeled. Petals narrow, lanceolate, (reflexed at the apex). Lip simple entire, semi-convolute, continuous with the oblique base of the column. Column vertical, attenuated in front into a long two-legged rostellum (antice in rostellum bicrue longum attenuatum), stigma vertical, Anther dorsal, beaked. Pollinia 8, waxy, globose ; with a long caudicula and linear gland. Epiphytical cespitose plants, pseudo-bulbs turbi- nate, the new ones 3-4-leaved : leaves fleshy, oblong, emarginate: scape sub-clavate, erect: flowers spiked, one-bracteate minute, greenish. Griffith, Calcutta Journal of Nat. History, Vol. 5, 371-72. I have thought it advisable to give Griffith's char- acter in full, as I find it does not correspond with my dissections, though in other respects the plant seems identical. The following arethe notes I made while examining this plant. Perianth connivent, six-parted in 2 rows, exterior series, sepals, larger, the anterior pair carinately winged on the back ; interior series, petals, somewhat smaller, sub-lanceolate, anterior one, lip, 3-nerved. Stamens 3, sessile, opposite the sepals, each contain- ing 8 globose waxy pollinia, attached to a long slender caudicula furnished with a linear gland. Column very short (even with the base of the petals and stamens) with a forked rostellum as long as the anthers and to the apex of which, in course of time, the glands of the caudicula become attached. Ovary 1-celled, placentiferous margins revolute, free within the cell. Comparing this with the dissections, two discre- pancies will be remarked. The stamen at No. 7, is represented as double each half with a caudicula and four pollinia, and secondly the detached pollen has only 4 masses to the caudicula. In both respects the drawing is wrong, as will be at once observed on comparing fig. 7 with the anthers of figure 6, which are correctly shown 1-celled, but dilated and ventricose below to enclose the large pollinia. In other respects the drawing is correct. c’) Growing in broad patches somewhat resembling a Marchantia (which suggested the specific وي‎ dom moist rocks on the Iyamallay Hills towards Paulghat. Flowering July and August. Lrcminora (R. W.) Gen. CHAR. Sepals adhering at the base, pos- terior one larger, somewhat galiate; lateral ones connate with the prolonged base of the column, ovate, obtuse: petals linear, lanceolate, shorter than the sepals: lip sub-rhombio-ovate acutish, articu- lated with the long base of the column. Anther terminal, 2-celled, with 4 pollinia in each. Stemless plants; pseudo-bulbs thin, flat, adhering like lichens to the branch on which they grow (whence the name), leaves paired, broad ovate, sub-orbicular, cus- pidato-pointed, reticulately veined, large in propor- tion to the rest of the plant, glabrous: flowers axil- lary, paired, short pedicelled, hairy: bract obovate, somewhat boat-shaped, densely ciliate, lateral sepals hairy within. I am indebted to Mrs. Jerdon for the drawing from which figures 1, 2, and 3 are taken, 1 and 2 show the plant natural size, and 3 considerably magnified. Along with the drawing I received specimens pre- served in spirits, from which the dissections were made. Figs. 5 and 6 do not seem to correspond, which however is attributable to the want of skill in the artist in representing two different stages of dissection, and the number of specimens was too limited to admit of several flowers being examined. Leaves at first green afterwards changing to pur- plish brown. Flowers tawny coloured. 1738. Lrcmivora JERDONIANA (R. W.) Malabar Mountains, on branches of trees. Flower- ing Jerdon. 1739. SparHOGLOTTIS PUBESCENS (Lind.), leaves binate linear, lanceolate, narrow at the base, striated, shorter than the erect scape: raceme secund, brac- teate: bracts minute, acute: sepals ovate acute: petals oblong: lip saccate at the base, the lateral lobes oblong, erect, middle one with 3 keel-like appendages, two tubercles at the base, cuniate, and a little longer: peduncles, sepals, and ovary pubescent. Khassya Hills. Griffith. The dried specimens from which the drawing was made are very indifferent ones but as being the only representatives of the genus I have, were employed to illustrate it for the sake of those Indian Botanists who might not otherwise have an opportunity of making themselves acquainted with its aspect and characters. : Broomueapra (Lindley). Gen. Cuar. Perianth cylindrical, connivent (13 inch long; white). Sepals and petals linear, oblong, channeled, curved. Lip cucullate, 3-lobed, articula- ted with the base of the parallel column, lobes retuse, yellow with yellow glands in the disk, the lateral ones shorter, ovate, (violet-coloured) the axis pube- scent, column fleshy, broadly winged, obtuse. An- ther 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, the back con- ical, articulated with the column. Pollinia two, reni- form, excavated behind, sessile on a broad triangular linear, obtuse, scarcely half the length of the sepals. Lip unguiculate, cordato-lanceolate, entire, ecalca- rate, articulated with the prolonged base of the short column. Stamen posterior, free to near the base, anther globose, 2-celled, supported by the distinct, fleshy, subulate filament. Pollinia 2, waxy, globose. Scandent, ramous, jointed epiphytes; stems clothed with sheathing scariose scales from beneath which the flowers protrude. Pseudo-bulbs scattered on the branches, 1-leaved. Leaves obovato-elliptic obtuse, emarginate, coriaceous. Flowers short pedicelled, one or two from each scale covered at the base with minute scales and furnished at the apex with a large, somewhat boat-shaped, ovate bract. Sepals mem- branous (in dried specimens translucent), much at- tenuated towards the point. This is an interesting plant from its so clearly explaining the structure of the column of orchideous plants, through the separation of the stamen from the stigma. In most orchids these two sexual organs are united into a single body, with the variously formed anther lying on the top. Here the two sets of organs are respectively free and distinct, as in other bi-sexual flowers. I cannot refer it to any existing genus, though I think it approaches Cochlia in some points, which however has not, so far as [ can learn from the character, the free stamen of my plant. 1736. OxYSEPALA OVALIFOLIA (R. W.). I am indebted to the late Mr. Griffith for my spe- cimens of this very curious plant which I think were gathered in Malacca but unfortunately the label is lost. They may have been from Khassya. They are from one or other of these stations. ۸6621477505 (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Sepals equal, cohering, tubular; the lateral ones connate with the prolonged base of the column. Petals shorter than the sepals, spathulate, unguiculate, inclosed within the tube of the calyx. Lip articulated with the prolonged base of the column, broad ovate rounded, papilosely hispid at the apex, truncated and furnished at the base with a subu- late tooth-like process, three-nerved in the axis. Column erect, concave above. Anther 2-celled, cells obsoletely 4-celled with 4, or by abortion? fewer obovate pollinia in each. Stemless plants, pseudo- bulbs aggregated, depress-flattened, netted all over; leaves small, 2-5, sheathing, ovate, acute, membra- nous: bracts sub-orbicular, cuspidate, parallely many- nerved: flowers tubular, vase-shaped (whence the name) dull brick-red colour, externally glabrous, ilose within: petals obovate, spathulate with a longish claw, pubescent: the lip when spread out is somewhat trowel-shaped at the base and orbicular at the point. The thorn-like process at the base of the lip, not well shown in the figure, is very peculiar. The num- ber of pollinia seems inconstant as shown in the two figures, 12 and 13, and I have seen as few as four, always presenting the spathulate outline shown in the plate. Fig. 14 was introduced by the artist, without reference to me on the supposition that it was the kai (fruit) the usual form of which in the order it does not much resemble, but which it may be. As did not see it, I thought it best to retain it when pre- paring the drawing for transmission to the press. 1737. AGGEIANTHUS MARCHANTIOIDES (R. W.). ( 18 ) being a native of the Neilgherries the other of the Pulney Mountains, while the only known species of Blume’s genus is from Java. 1742. JosEPHIA LANCEOLATA (R. W.) leaves elliptico-lanceolate, acute at both ends: scapes a lit- tle longer than the leaves, naked, panicled; branches of the panicle racemose: all the sepals sub-orbicular د‎ lip emarginate. Flowers whitish, tinged with pur- ple, lip reddish lilac. Branches of trees below Nedawuttim, Neilgherries, flowering August and September. 1743. JosEPHIA LATIFOLIA (R. W.), leaves cori- aceous, broad oval, very obtuse or round above, tapering below into the longish sulcated petiol: scape panicled, about twice the length of the leaves, scaly, branches of the panicle short : flowers congested, sub- capitate. Pulney Mountains, on branches of trees, flowering August and September. The annalysis of this species is less complete than the preceding, having been made long ago (about 14 years) at a time when 1 was very imperfectly acquainted with this family. 1744. ÆRIDES CYLINDRICUM (Lind.), leaves round, somewhat cylindrical: racemes short, about two-flow- ered, sepals ovate, obtuse: petals oblong, broader: lip cucullate, funnel-shaped, lateral lobes oblong, ob- tuse; adnate to the middle, ovate, obtuse, fleshy, middle one: spur straight, conical Flowers white or slightly tinged with red, lip reddish, middle lobe ellow at the base. Iyamally Hills, Coimbatore, on branches of trees, flowering August and September. The flowers of this species are handsome, but too few to entitle it to be considered an ornamental plant. ; 1745-46. SACCOLABIUM GUTTATUM (Lind.), leaves long, channeled, Wear nme truncate, broad: racemes cylindrical, densely flowered, arched or pendulous: sepals ovate, twice the breadth of the petals: lip with a compressed truncated conical spur, pubescent within, lamina lanceolate, inflexed, sub-costate on the back, capsules oblong, hexagonal.—Lind. Paulghaut jungles, on branches of trees. Flower- ing from June till October or longer. On comparing the character, here given, of the lip with that shown in the magnified analyses a striking discrepancy will be at once observed; the lamina in Lindley’s plant being “ lanceolate inflex- ed,” in mine it is broad obcordate, cuniate, spread- ing. For his plant he quotes Rheede’s Hort. Mal. 12 tab. 1. When naming my drawing, I referred to that plate and, finding the two es correspond, was so unfortunate as to rest satisfied without com- paring my plant with the character and thereby over- looked that striking difference. It is now clear to me, that the plant seen and described by Dr. Lindley is not Rheede's plant, and that they are probably different species. On this sup- position I propose to designate this plant S. Rheedii, with the following character. SAccoLABIUM RHEEDII (R. W.) leaves linear, channeled, denticulato-truncated or premorse at the apex: racemes pendulous, densely many-flowered : posterior sepal ovate, lateral ones unequal sided, about twice the breadth of the lanceolate acute petals: spur saccate, compressed, conical, hairy on F membranaceous gland. Bulbless caulescent epi- phytes, leaves in two rows (distichous) narrow emarginate: spike terminal, distichous, flexuose, long peduncled, many-flowered, bracts tooth-like very short, rigid. This character is copied from the commentaries of Meisner's Genera Plantarum, page 289-90, which had I not had the aid of Mr. Griffith's name would have left me in doubt whether this was truly Lindley’s plant, nor can I feel quite certain, even with such aid, that it is so, as I have not seen his own descrip- tion which is published in the Botanical Register, not in his genera and species. Like the preceding, the plant is introduced for the sake of the genus, being desirous of exhibiting figures of as many genera as I can of this very difficult order. 1740. BoomHEADIA PALUSTRIS (Lindley), Gra- matophyllum Finlaysonianum, Lind. gen. and species orchid. Malacca. Griffith. This, though the habit and general aspect of the plant seems to agree, may not be the true B. palus- tris as I find I have what appears another species of the genus, but the specimens are too imperfect to be determined with certainty. 1741. CHILOSCHISTA USNIOIDES (Lind.). Malabar, on branches of trees, flowering in April. —Low herbaceous, hairy, leafless, epiphytes: roots flattened, green, as if to supply the absence of leaves by performing their functions. Spikes erect, flowers whitish or somewhat cream-coloured, The lip of this plant is curious and difficult to represent. Lam Y not sure that this is the species named, but I have no means of satisfying myself on that point. The larger figure of the plate was taken from dried specimens collected by myself, the smaller from a drawing of Mrs. Jerdon, taken from a living plant, gathered I think in Wynaud and on the North Western slopes of the Neilgherries. JosePHIA (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Perianth globose, closed. Sepals egual, ovate, sub-orbicular, lateral ones incumbent on the lip. Petals obovate, oblong, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip connate with the base of the column, fleshy, ventricose at the base, ecalcarate, constricted in the middle; limb entire, sub-orbicular, emarginate, Column erect, clavate, half round. An- ther imperfectly 2-celled. Pollinia 4, parallel, ob- long, clavate, sessile on the dilated shield-like gland. piphytic plants: leaves coriaceous, long petioled: scapes erect, panicled, many-flowered: flowers con- gested towards the ends of the branches, pedicelled and furnished with a minute ovate, acute, persistent bract. The flowers in this curious genus are an- nually renewed on the old scapes.—This fact I learn from Mr. Jerdon who has had it in cultivation for three years. Ihave named this A di in honour of my esteemed friend Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker, author of the An- tartic Flora and Rhododendrons of Sikkim ; now en- ed in investigating the Flora of the Sikkim and sia portions of the Himalayan range where he has already collected about 3000 species of plants, and certainly one of the most rising Botanists of the present time. The genus seems nearly allied to Agrostophyllum, but appears distinct in habit, char- acter, and Geographical distribution—the one species =) Mergui, Griffith. I am indebted to the late Mr. Griffith for my only specimen of this plant. It is not improbable that it may not be identical with Blume’s plant which is from Java, but as it seems to correspond with his character, I cannot on the mere ground of a geographical difference venture to view it as a new species. His characters are generally too brief but,so far as it goes, the two plants agree. It is proper to remark that the figure of the entire. plant is somewhat reduced to bring it within my contracted space, to which I may add that most of the flowers of the capitulum were so far advanced that I had considerable difficulty in obtaining one fit for dissection, but still I hope that the analysis will on comparison with more favour- able specimens be found correct. 1748-4. ZosTERosTYLIS WALKERZ (R. W.), lip ovate, lanceolate, involute on the margins, slightly pubescent; sepals linear or somewhat subulate, the lateral ones narrower: leaves ovate, acute, reticu- lately veined. Adam's Peak, Ceylon. Gardner. Of this plant I have a coloured drawing by Mrs. Col. Walker, and a specimen collected by the late Mr. Gardner, but communicated by Mr. Thwaites. The drawing is unfortunately without analyses those given therefore are prepared from the dried speci- men and may not be found quite correct. The lip is reddish-purple; the sepals as green nearly as the leaves, the scape reddish-green. It seems very neary allied to Z. zeylanica, Lind., but that has 3- nerved leaves, which this certainly has not; the lip in that is tomentose within and revolute on the margin, while in this, it is scarcely pilose and invo- lute; neither, so far as is shown in the drawing, is it punctulate. The genus is an obscure one, and I doubt whether my dissections are sufficient to remove the difficulties, the more so as there is appa- rently a discrepancy between figures 2 and 3. 1749. BoLBOPHYLLUM TREMULUM (R. W.), pseudo- bulbs ovate, somewhat corrugated, leaf ovate, lan- ceolate acute: scape straight: bracts small, ovate, acute: sepals ovato-lanceolate acute, pubescent: pet- als rhombio-ovate small, densely ciliate: lip articu- lated with the prolonged base of the column, linear, obtuse, the back toward the apex, covered with long tremulous hairs. Flowers yellow, passing into pur- ple towards the margins of the sepals; lip purple. Wynaud on trees, Jerdon and Major Cotton, who now has this species, with very many others, grow- ing in his conservatory at Ootacamund. The specific name is in allusion to the long hairs on the back of the lip, which, when growing, are perpetually in a state of tremulous motion however still the air. It is a beautiful and curious plant, allied by the pecu- eny of its lip to B. Calamaria a Sierra Leone ant. p The figure of the whole plant is taken from a coloured drawing of Mrs. Jerdon’s. All the analyses were prepared from a specimen preserved in spirits communicated by Mr. Jerdon. The hairs of the lip are jointed at the base (hence their mobility) as may » seen from the linear figure in the centre of the plate. 了 ATTONIA (R. W.). Perianth spreading, posterior sepal boat-shaped (cymbiform) acute, undulated on the margin; ante- the throat, lamina of the lip broad, obcordato-cuni- ate, spreading: capsules obovate, subterete. Flow- ers pale pink dotted with deeper coloured spots: lip deeper pink. 1747. SARCANTHUS PAUCIFLORUS (R. W.), leaves linear, acute : spikes simple, pendulous, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves: sepals obovate, acute, or somewhat boat-shaped, inflexed on the margins: petals narrower, obovato-lanceolate: spur infundi- buliform, conical, curved outwards: lamina of the lip 3-lobed ; lobes all obtuse, the middle one much larger. Sepals pale yellow with a red margin, lip white or slightly tinged with yellow. Malabar, on branches of trees. Jerdon. I am indebted to Mr. Jerdon for specimens and a coloured sketch of this plant which I thought it well to introduce here as affording an example of what ap- pears a true Sarcanthus which those already figured under that name may not be considered, though, as I understand the genus, I believe they are. 1748. Owing to an error in numbering, this plate was left vacant and the omission not detected until the whole of the plates of the part were printed off. I have therefore taken advantage of the circumstance to introduce to the acquaintance of my readers, 4 additional genera, with which I have myself in the interval, become acquainted. 1748-1. Acriopsis INDICA (R. W.), lip ovate, cor- date, somewhat undulated, entire, without a crest. A. Javanica (Blume), “labellum basi columne in tubum connatum, limbo patente cordato cristato.” The habitat of my plant is most unfortunately not noted, and the specimen is not perfect enough to admit of my pia im on the points of distinction between this and the Java species. The genus is a very curious one. The two lateral sepals are united hence the perianth, exclusive of the lip, is only 4-leaved. The lip, in place of being free to the insertion, has a long furrowed claw, the edges of which adhere to the column leaving a tube between. The anther bed in place of presenting the usual form of a simply flattened or concave surface on the end of the column, on which the naked anther lies, is covered by a delicate vaulted membrane or veil, within which the anther nestles but is still visible, through its translucent texture, in the way I have endeavoured to show in the magnified figure No. 4, and also in No. 2. 1748-2. PopocHrLUs MALABARICUS (R. W.), leaves short, fleshy, imbricating, obtuse: spikes terminal, short, few-flowered, drooping: bracts broad ovate, somewhat cuspidate, shorter than the ovary: petals somewhat narrower than the sepals, lanceolate : late- ral sepals connate, forming a short ventricose spuri- ous spur: lip entire constrieted in the middle, upper half linear lanceolate, obtuse. Malabar, on branches of trees, flowering during the rainy months. I am indebted to Mr. Jerdon for the opportunity of figuring this plant which is the first species of the genus found in Southern India. Two species, both (but especially P. falcatus) nearly alli- ed, are natives of Ceylon. 1748-3. APPENDICULA Hasserrı (Blume), stems simple, terete: leaves broadly linear, retusely mucron- ulate, sheaths of the leaves edentulate: limb of the lip erect, crenulate. ( 20 ) than the lanceolate acute petals: lip 3-lobed, middle one pubescent and revolute at the apex, lateral ones acute ; lamella linear, straight. Iyamally Hills, near Coimbatore, flowering in August and September. This species belongs to Lindley's section Eucym- bidium and approaches C. aloifolium but is evidently a very distinct species, 118 erect rigid habit, thick fleshy ligulate leaves, broad short scales at the foot of the scape, at once proclaim it distinct. The colour of the flowers, is nearly the same in both, a blending of reddish and yellow deepening nearly to purple along the middle line; limb of the lip purplish red, yellowish near the base. 1754. CYRTOPERA CULLENII (R. W.) leaves ob- long, lanceolate acute, plaited: scape slender, angu- lar, somewhat drooping towards the apex; flowers numerous, loosely racemed, long pedicelled, bracts ovato-subulate ; sepals obovato-lanceolate, narrower than the obovate very obtuse petals: lip 3-lobed, middle one somewhat smaller, 3-crested. Travancore, flowering during the rains. I am indebted to General Cullen, Resident of Tra- vancore, for my specimens of this gorgeous plant. It is nearly allied to C. flava, with which I at first confounded it. Like it the flowers are yellow and the scape appears before the leaves, but the appear- ance of the plant so far as I can learn from com- parison with Dr. Royles figure is altogether different. On these grounds I have dedicated it to the dis- coverer, a zealous investigator of the plants of that tract of country but more especially of the econo- mical applications of the useful ones. The plant seems to be a large one some of the leaves being nearly 2 feet in length. Corronia (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Perianth spreading. Sepals broad obovate, obtuse. Petals smaller, sub-lanceolato-cu- niate at the base. Lip ecalcarate constricted in the middle, sub-panduriform ; upper half larger sub-orbi- cular, emarginate, cuspidate in the sinus; lower half orbicular bituberculate at the base. Column erect, clavate, margins dilated, membranous in front. Anther 2-celled, with a long blunt rostellum. Pol- linia 2, unequally 2-lobed, posterior lobes smaller; caudicle filiform; gland orbicular. Capsule long, clavate drooping. A caulescent epiphyte: leaves linear, distichous, obliquely emarginate: racemes short, few-flowered, compact on the apex of very long branched pedun- cles: flowers pedicelled, flower buds globose. I dedicate this genus to Major Fredrick Cotton of the Madras Engineers, a most indefatigable collector and successful cultivator of Orchideous plants, and who has now a large, and for India, unique collec- tion in his conservatory in Ootacamund. This genus seems to me to approach Saccolabium by habit but differs from all the genera of that tribe in the total absence of even an approach to a spur, by the form of the column, and still more by the unusual form of the lip. 1755. CoTTONIA MACROSTACHYS (R. W.). Malabar near Tellicherry, Jerdon, to whom I am indebted for a coloured sketch of the plant and the “specimens from which the dissections were made. rior ones slightly larger. Petals conformable, obo- vate-obtuse, cuniate towards the base. Lip articu- lated with the base of the column, 3-crested on the disk, 3-lobed ; middle lobe oval inflexed at the point, lateral ones sub-falcate, obtuse, with a broad sinus between them and the middle one. Column some- what oblique, clavate, concave and slightly winged in front. Anther terminal, 2-celled ; pollinia 2, ملع‎ bose. "Terrestrial caulescent herbs apparently of large size: root —— ? leaves long narrow channeled, folded, bowed towards the point: stems erect, round, terminating in a long loose many-flowered raceme: bracts ovate, acute, deciduous: flowers large (about 3 inches across) long pedicelled: sepals and petals glabrous, lip hairy within. The plant turns black in drying and appears to attain a great size, a por- tion of the stem of my specimen measuring upwards of 2 inches in circumference. This genus is dedicated to Mrs. Colonel Walker, under her maiden name Patton (the better known one of Walker being pre-occupied) a compliment well merited in return for the many contributions from her accomplished pencil illustrative of the Flora of Ceylon. I formerly so named a genus of Anonace®, in my Illustrations, but further and more intimate acquaintance with that plant has satisfied me that the genus rests on imperfect observation and is untenable. I therefore suppress it in favour of the present, which I trust will be found more permanent, as it is more suitable, being an orchid, the family she has most delighted to study and delineate. 1750. PaTTONIA MACRANTHA (R. W.). Malacca. Griffith. The specimens are unaccompanied with any note or label. I should suppose, from their appearance, that it grows in humid or marshy soil, attains a height of 4 or 5 feet, and that the racemes are nearly half that length. 'The stems are glabrous, somewhat 4- sided, slightly channeled on two sides, the leaves are about a foot and half long, folded, tapering to a point and, when growing, are probably sword-shaped. The colour of the flowers is unknown to me. 1751-52. Crraerıs GRIFFITHII (R. W.), scape erect, hairy, many-flowered: leaves . . . . . bracts ovato-lanceolate, acute, externally hairy : spur slen- der annularly involute: lip spreading, 3-lobed; late- ral lobes obtuse smaller than the dilated obcordate middle one.—Pseudo-bulb ovate; scape from 14 to 2 feet high, furnished towards the base with a few sheathing scales: flowers large, pedicels slender longer than the bracts. There are no leaves at- tached to the specimen. They seem to come after flowering. Mergui. Griffith. This is a very distinct species from C. cordifolia, Lindley, which has a slender stem about a span high small flowers and a short clavate obtuse spur. The detached magnified flowers seem at variance with the attached ones appearing as if the lip was anticous while in the others it is posticous. The error rests with the artist and which, in the hurry of other occupations, I overlooked. 1753. CrmBiDUm ERECTUM (R. W.), leaves ligu- late, succulent, rigid, deeply and obliguely emargi- nate: raceme erect, many-flowered: bracts small, fleshy: sepals linear, somewhat obtuse; narrower (21) 1758-2. PoGoNIa BIFLORA (R. W.), leaf scape about 2-flowered: sepals and petals lanceo- late: lip obovato-rhomboid, obsoletely 3-lobed, glab- rous; lateral lobes short, obtuse, middle one large, undulate, slighty retuse at the apex. Lip pale pink, deeper towards the apex, sepals and petals white. Wynaud. Jerdon. . This species seems nearly allied to P. Juliana but, so far as I can learn from Roxburgh’s full descrip- tion, is quite distinct. PoDANTHERA (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Sepals and petals equal, narrow lan- ceolate. Lip calcarate sessile, ovato-elliptic acute, 3-crested on the disk, eroso-dentate towards the apex. Spur short clavate. Column short truncated in front; posteriorly the thick fleshy filament is pro- duced into an arched crest-like foot to the anther. Anther 2-celled, pollinia granular, with a longish slender caudicula. Herbaceous, leafless, apparently parasitic, colourless plants, growing in dark forest among decayed vegetable matter. “Its whole aspect was fungoid-like, and of the same dead white colour, except a few faint spots of pink.” Jerdon. 1759. PoDANTHERA PALLIDA (R. W.). W ynaud, in dense forests in black vegetable soil, Jerdon, to whom I am indebted for my specimens of this unique plant. Scape from 12 to 15 inches in length, many-flow- ered, clothed with short sheathing scales: bracts lanceolate about the length of the pedicels: sepals and petals linear, lanceolate, acute, lip large, marked with a few pale pink spots. Capsule ovate shorter or nearly the length of the sepals, placentiferous car- pels bearing a placenta on each margin and dehis- cing septicidally. Nearly every capsule on my spe- cimens seems to be in a diseased or monstrous state as shown in figures 10 and 11, the carpels of which have not united, each showing the two lines of abortive placenta on the margins. 1760. CEPRIPIDIUM PURPURATUM (Lind.), stemless leaves coriaceous, oblong, acute, striated, spotted, channeled: scape pubescent: dorsal sepal acu- minate, ciliate, revolute on the margin: petals ob- long somewhat undulated, pubescent sterile stamen lunate. Malacca. Griffith. If this plant is correctly named it will tend to remove Dr. Lindley’s doubts as to its being a native of the Malay Archipelago. It seems to correspond with his character so far as can be made out from a dried specimen. CULLENIA. Gen. CHAR. Involucrum gamophyllous, tubular, three-toothed, deciduous. Calyx gamosepalous 5- toothed, corolla none. Stamens numerous; filaments long exserted, united into a tube at the base, penta- delphous above; anthers minute, 1-celled, echinate, aggregated, forming numerous capitule on the ex- serted portion of the filaments. Ovary 5-celled with 2 or3 superposed ovules in each ; style equaling the stamens, woolly; stigma capitate. Fruit capsular, globose, echinate, 5-valved, 5-celled. Seed one or two in each cell, ovoid furnished with an aril ; testa fleshy; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, unequal ; radicle inferior. Stem erect, leaves strap-shaped, oblique and deep- ly emarginate at the apex: peduncles many times longer than the leaves, branched, each branch ending in a short raceme of rather large yellowish flowers, streaked with red; lip deep purple. 1756. TENIOPHYLLUM JERDONIANUM (R. W.), caul- escent leaves linear: spikes ramous, many-flowered : bracts ovate, acute, exceeding the pedicel: sepals broad ovate: petals narrow, linear-lanceolate: spur large saccate, lip undulate: pollinia 4, attached to a large elongated gland. Malabar, Jerdon. On branches of trees. Since naming this plant, further consideration has led me to doubt the propriety of placing it in this genus, but as it seems to approach nearer to it than to any other I must leave it here for the present until I am enabled by the acquisition of additional speci- mens to re-examine it, most of the flowers of the one I had having fallen off or been injured by insects. 1757. CRYPTOCHILUS SANGUINEA (Wallich). I am indebted to the late Mr. Griffith for the spe- cimen here represented. He gathered it on the Khassia Mountains. It is so very inferior to the one figured by Dr. Wallich in his Tentamen Nepau- lense that I should not have thought of introducing it but for my wish to present analyses of as many enera as I could get of this difficult and interest- ing family. It may perhaps, however, be a new species, a point I am unable from my materials to determine. APETALON (R. W.). GEN. CHAR. Perianth bilabiate. Posterior sepal large, 3-lobed, lobes very obtuse; middle one larger somewhat obovato-orbicular; anterior ones resting on the lip, cohering nearly half their length, the two forming a single sub-orbicular cleft sepal. Petals none, Lip shorter than the sepals, broad, truncated at the apex, disk fleshy and punctuate, margins peta- loid. Column erect, clavate, anther terminal, 2-cell- ed, cells slightly diverging. Pollen granular. A small terestrial leafless? plant, scape erect furnished with a few scales and bearing three or four globose apparently unexpanding flowers on the apex: bracts ovate, large in proportion to the plant. In this curious plant the petals seem to combine with the posterior sepal forming one of unusually large size. If this is the correct view of its struc- ture it follows that all the parts usually found in the flower of an orchid are present in this one, but modi- fied in their form and combination. 1758-1. APETALON MINUTUM (R. W.). Near Sultan's Battery in Coorg, under a clump of Bamboos. Jerdon. Whole plant about 3 inches in height of a pale green or whitish colour throwing out from the scaly base several long roots. The ovary is not twisted hence the flower is resupinate, though, for the con- venience of bringing the parts better into view they are otherwise represented in the magnified figure, and for the same reason I have designated the large 3-lobed sepal posterior and viewed the lip as ante- rior, such being the usual position in the family. I am indebted to Mr. Jerdon for my specimens of this interesting little plant. (2) Leaves elliptic, oblong, with a short blunt acumen, bright pea-green above, silvery from numerous ad- pressed scales below. Flowers very numerous, al- most covering the two or three years old branches. Fruit brown, capsule hard and woody but soon spliting when exposed to the sun or a dry atmos- phere along one of the valves and exposing the chesnut-like seed. The late Mr. Gardner found it on wooded hills near Galle and has published a full and excellent description of the tree in the 8th volume of the Calcutta Journal under the name of Durio Ceylan- icus a mistake scarcely to be expected from so acute an observer and excellent Botanist. In his description of the anthers he has fallen into a grave error in supposing each capitula of anthers a single one and each anther a single pedicellate grain of pollen. When my drawing was made I had not good enough flowers to enable me to exhibit this error but I have since got them in a suitable state and have ascertained that they are as described in the generic character. The wood of this tree is beautifully white, but soft and apparently of little value. Fig. 1. a fructiferous branch much reduced in size, the original was upwards of 3 feet long, 2. clusters of flowers, natural size—3. a fruit natural size—4. leaves, natural size—17, 18, 19, 20, are different views of the seed, all natural size. No. 6. shows an expanded flower with the place occupied by the in- volucre marked by a slight line. Figures 6 to 10 were taken from old flowers found on a fructiferous Arboreous ; leaves alternate, elliptical, bright shin- ing green above, silvery beneath from numerous adpressed scales (like Eleaginus); flowers congested in compact clusters on the naked branches, short pedicelled ; pedicels jointed at the base. Involucrum and calyx thickly clothed with adpressed brownish scales. Fruit about the size of a large orange, beset on all sides with hard prickles. Testa of the seed pale chesnut colour, soft and easily sectile, coty- ledons unequal sized, one considerably larger than the other, radicle next the hilum. I dedicate this genus to Major General Cullen, Resident at the Court of the Rajah of Travancore, who has long devoted his leisure to philosophical pursuits, among which economical Botany has enjoy- ed a large share of his attention, but is specially intended to commemorate the light which his meteo- rological researches have thrown on the relationship existing between climate and vegetation. He has established meteorological observations in 10 or 12 distinct stations throughout the provinces of Tra- vancore and Cochin. 1761-62. CULLENIA EXCELSA (R. W. Durio Cey- lanica, Gardner). Iyamally Hills, in dense forest. Also Malabar and Ceylon, flowering February and March, ripening its fruit October and November. A large tree, some of those examined were esti- mated at about 100 feet in height with a circum- ference at the base of about 15 feet. Bark inclin- ing to smooth, brownish. Branches spreading and umbrageous, often drooping towards the extremities. branch. ERRATA. 911. For Cymbid. triste (Willd.). read tenuifolium (Willd.). 1689. —- tenuifolium (Willd.). —— triste (Willd.). 927. — Habenaria montana (Riehd.) ^ —— decipiens (R. W.). 1634. —— Eria polystachya (Richd.). —— pubescens (R. W.). 1635. —— —— pubescens (R. W.). —— polystachya (Richd.). 1669. —— Vanda parviflora (R. W.). — rides Wightianum (Lind.). 1727. ب‎ Monochilus. —— Cheirostylis 1745. —— Saccolabium guttatum (Lind.). —— Rheedii (R. W.). In addition to these more important errors the names on several of the plates are incorrectly written, but can be corrected by a reference to the letter press. These latter errors originate with the Lithographer, who copies the names, and the impossibility, at this distance (300 miles), of my revising what he writes. ( 23 ) EXPLANATION OF PLATES. VOL. V.—PART II. giving them the aspect of-great panicles, hence, I presume, Choisy's character, * pedunculis floriferis laxam panciculam efformantibus ; and again, “ pani- cule florum pedales;” both of which expressions seem to me incorrect. The flowers, which are the largest and most conspieuous of those of the Indian species of this genus, are a moderately deep-pink or rose-colour; the fruit is beset with viscid glands. 1767. CreLosia ARGENTIA (Moquin), herbaceous, ramous, glabrous: leaves sub-petioled, linear lanceo- late, or nearly linear (seldom ovate), acute: spikes long peduncled, ovato-cylindrical or cylindrical, cus- pidate: sepals longer than the bracts, slightly keeled, somewhat 3-nerved: utricle ovate pear-shaped. In corn fields, but less frequent than the similar looking Chamissoa pyramidalis. The plant figured does not quite correspond with the character, approaching in some points more nearly to that of C. cristata, but departs as widely in others, so that I feel some hesitation in determining to which it ought to be referred. I believe however that it may be viewed as a variety of C. argentia if the two species are actually distinct, which may perhaps be doubted, but that is a point on which و‎ from offering an opinion, as I have only lately given my attention to this order, which I find a very difficult one, owing to many of the species being so liable to run into variations. 1768. Cerosıa PULCHELLA (Moq.) stem her- baceous, branchy, glabrous: leaves ovato-lanceolate, ovate, or rhombio-ovate, acute, glabrous: spikes sim- ple, interrupted, sub-flexuose: flowers sessile, soli- - tary: sepals longer than the bracts, acute, slightly keeled, 1-nerved: utricles pear-shaped. Courtallum, Neilgherries, and in moist soil in the vieinity of tanks and wet cultivation. This species has been confounded with C. poly- gonoides from which it is very distinct. The speci- men represented is more luxuriant than those de- scribed by Moquin Tandon, the spikes of which are said to be only about 2 or 24 inches long. 1769. CHamissoa ALBIDA (Mog. not Mart.), stem herbaceous, branchy, ascending, glabrous: leaves pe- tioled, long obovate, somewhat cuniform, blunt or sub-emarginate, terminating in a minute point: heads of flowers lateral or terminal, peduncled, somewhat ne compact: u. pedicelled: sepals scarcely exceeding the v acute, slightl 7ے ےت‎ utricl > =" In soil near sea Coast, not unfrequent : flowering during the rainy and cool season. سه تسه شت e ruda‏ تت aa‏ سے" ollowing species, ey do not quite correspond‏ with the generic character, or rather, perhaps I‏ Should say, that the character is somewhat imperfect‏ as regards the infloresence of the Indian species.‏ Here we find the flowers in groups of 3 together‏ A x‏ Ci) 1763-64. 1۵0 ۵ ACULEATA (Linn. P. georgina, Wall., list 6768?) Shrubby, glabrous, armed, spines axillary, hooked: leaves petioled ovate, tapering at both ends or somewhat bluntly pointed ; flowers dioi- cous = fruit clavate, 5-ribbed ; ribs beset with viscid glands. A widely distributed, large straggling shrub, every - where, except the new shoots and young leaves (which are finely pubescent) glabrous: branches armed with axillary recurved very sharp thorns: male flowers collected in axillary and terminal compact panicles ; female panicles loose and spreading. Roxburgh relates that he and Dr. Konig were once caught among its branches and, owing to its numer- ous strong hooked prickles, found it no easy matter to disengage themselves from its trammels, whence, not being at the time aware of its being a described plant, Konig, in his notes, gave it the name of Tr ria horrida. It is a native of both the East and West Indies. I have doubtfully quoted Wall. list No. 6768 for this plant from knowing no other Indian species ex- cept the following, with which it can’t be confounded. 1765. PrsoNIA MORINDIFOLIA (R. Br. in Wall. list, No. 7130), shrubby or sub-arboreous ; leaves ovate- cordate sub-acuminate, glabrous, (at first very pale or nearly white, afterwards light pea-green) : flowers le ايا‎ > eigen = tubular; limb ightly 5-lobed: stamens about 8, un partl exserted: ovary usually sterile. — É I have only seen this plant in cultivation. It is common in the gardens about Madras, and is called there, Tree Lettuce. It rarely flowers, and I have never seen the fruit. 1 believe it is known in the Calcutta Botanic garden under’ the same English name, but its native country is still unknown. The leaves sometimes attain a great size, 8 to 10 inches long and 4 or 5 broad at the base. In taste some- what resembles the Lettuce, but to my taste forms but an indifferent substitute. 'The ends of the branches being crowned -with white leaves, when all the rest are green, gives it a peculiar appearance, which, added to free seems to have rendered it rather a favourite. It attains the size of a small tree. 'This I believe is the plant i meant by Mr. Brown, and the name seems suffici é ntly appropriate. 1766. BoERHAAVIA REPANDA (Wild.), stems diffuse, climbing, Án هم هب‎ ovate, sub-acumi- nate ; sin y repand : cles axillary, soli usually longer than the leaves, ending in a ho umbel of from 4 to 6 flowers: flowers conspicuous, funnel-shaped, each supported on a longish pedicel ; stamens 3 or 4, exserted : fruit clavate, glandulose. A very common plant, wi distributed over Southern India, usually found climbing to a extent in hedges and among bushes. old the leaves are not developed on the extreme branches, the fruit. In this, the seed is enclosed in the thick- ened persistent indehiscent case or utricle, while in Amarautus the case splits all round, as in Chamissoa, permitting the seed to drop out. In modern botanical works the former has received the name of “ Utricle,” while the latter is designated a “Pyxidium.” In all other respects they are the same. In regard to the characters taken from the bracts and sepals of this species it may be remarked, in passing, that scarcely two plants are alike and that little trust can be placed in them. The species of Euxolus and Ama- rantus are most difficult to discriminate. 1774. BANALIA THYRSIFLORA (Moq.), herbace- ous, erect, branched, glabrous: leaves rhomb-ovate or ovato-lanceolate, acuminate: flowers tribracteate, spikes terminal, thyrsoid. Eastern slopes of the Neilgherries, from about 4000 feet of elevation upwards; notuncommon. The long pale whitish spikes of this plant render it a conspicuous object. 1775. PsrrorRICHUM NUDUM (Mog.), stem suffru- ticose, erect or sometimes climbing among bushes : leaves short petioled, ovato-lanceolate or ovate, acute, glabrous: spikes axillary, short, rachis flexuose: flow- ers dense, very hairy: sepals much longer than the interior short very broad oblique acuminated bracts. In subalpine jungle, sometimes climbing to the extent of several feet among bushes or other sup- rt. Moquin Tandon has two genera, the present and Ptilotus, the distinctive characters of which are so much alike that I can scarcely tell to which this plant belongs, but I place it here on account of its having opposite leaves, those of the other being alter- nate. With that exception, it seems to me the writ- ten characters are about equally referable to this and to Ptilotus ovatus, but of the latter plant I have not a specimen for comparison. Perhaps if I had, they might not appear so liable to be mistaken as they seem to be when judged of from written char- acters only. 1776. This plate furnishes an example of a very unusual error, that, namely, of embodying parts of two very distinct though somewhat similar looking plants. The plant forming the body of the plate is one species, while the flowers that furnish the ana- lyses appertain to another. : This rather curious mistake I did not discover until long after the whole impression had been struck off. It originated in the accidental circumstance of the specimen represented having been mixed with a number of others, which were given to the artist to select from, and رپس‎ the most suitable in size was naturally chosen, while the flowers of the other, being larger and more easily dissected, were taken for the analysis; the result is the combination in the same plate of 2 very distinct genera, but fortunately both appertaining to the same order and tribe. The plant forming the body of the plate furnishes the type of a new genus, while the dissections represent analyses of the old genus ZErva. To correct this blunder, per- haps the most skilful proceeding would have been to cancel the impression, and substitute a new and cor- rect plate. 1 have however thought it better, as the cost to me is یس‎ ager deli, give subscribers me benefit of my oversight by adding one representing true ZErva floribunda, accompanied by dissections of the from the axils of 3 larger bracts; that the centre one has but one bract while the lateral ones have each three, namely a larger exterior corresponding with the middle one, and two interior lateral ones, thus giving only 5 bracts to the 3 flowers, in place of 3 to each, required by the character. In this species the bracts of the lateral flowers are longer than the calyx, and are prolonged into a long awn-like point. As shown in figure 1, they appear almost like a middle large hermaphrodite flower with a female one on each side, which is simply owing to the lateral flowers being younger than the centre one: figure 4, which is one of the lateral flowers more advanced, shows the true structure. 1770. CHAMISSOA NODIFLORA (Mart.), herbaceous, ascending, branchy, glabrescent : leaves petioled, spa- thulate or spathulato-wedge-shaped, or oblong, obtuse, with a short point; glabrous or more or less pube- scent : heads of flowers globose, lateral and sub-sessile or terminal and shortly peduncled: flowers shortly pedicelled : sepals somewhat longer than the bracts, acuminated, keeled, one-nerved : utricle globose. A common and most variable plant, at least as regards size. The specimen represented is a small rigid almost shrubby one, but presents a form not uncommon in poor sandy soils. 1771. CHAMISSOA DICHOTOMA (Moq.), suffruticose or herbaceous, dichotomously branched : leaves short petioled, ovate oblong, obtuse, short pointed, pube- scent, finely ciliate ; heads of flowers lateral, sub-ses- sile, globose, dense ; flowers shortly pedicelled : sepals equaling the bracts, keeled; keel rough: utricle glo- bose ; seed smooth. A diffuse procumbent or slightly ascending plant. The station of the specimen represented is not given, but I have specimens, differing somewhat in form, from Courtallum. 1772. CHAMISSOA AsPERA (R. W. Celosia aspera, Roth), stems herbaceous, branchy, ascending or more or less diffuse, rough with bristly hairs; or in old plants innoeuous prickles: leaves hispid, sub-sessile, from linear blunt to oblong, lanceolate pointed: heads of flowers sub-sessile, globose, dense: bracts as long or longer than the sepals, aristate, pilose: sepals keeled, hairy on the keel: utricle ovoid. In corn fields in Mysore and Coimbatore. I look upon the plant represented as certainly the same species though it does not quite correspond with Roth’s description. This I have ascertained from comparing it with other specimens which do accu- rately correspond, but which I had not before me when the drawing was made. . 1773. EuxoLus CAUDATUS (Moq.), stem erect, an- gularly striated, glabrous, green: leaves long petioled, ovate or rhomb-ovate, narrowing at both ends, blunt- ish, e i glabrous, green: spikes ascending, somewhat or ih c below, more compact and sub- وج یس‎ ve: flowers sessile, aggregated in dense omerules, green: bracts longer than the sepals: utricle globose, pointed, very rough. A common slant, frequent about Coimbatore in waste ground and among rubbish. This very common plant is introduced for the pur- pose of : by the analysis the difference be- tween مسا‎ Amarantus. This is found in L - 3 J Courtallum, Mysore, Coimbatore, &c. 1 At first I considered this plant Moquin’s E. variety of ZE. lanata, and named it accordingly ; perhaps it is so, but on comparing it with what I presume to be the true plant it appeared to me distinct. I have therefore raised it to the rank of a species, retaining his name which seems very appropriate. 1777. ACHYRANTHES ASPERA. (Linn), stem suffru- ticose, erect, striated, pubescent ; branches spreading, somewhat 4-sided, pubescent: leaves short petioled, obovato-rotund, abruptly attenuated at the base, very obtuse, shortly acuminate, pubescent: spikes slen- derly virgate, acute: flowers purplish-green, shining, awn of the lateral bracts about as long as the limb: calyx about twice as long as the 07361 : sepals obso- letely glabrous. A very common plant all over India. When bloom- ing the flowers are horizontal, but afterwards become reflexed, and the mature fruit are pendulous and ap- pressed to the stalk. The bracts are at first soft and herbaceous, but afterwards become rigid prickle-like. The leaves, beat to a pulp and applied as a dress- ing, are said immediately to relieve the pain caused by the sting of the scorpion. I have never seen it so applied and cannot vouch for the truth of the statement. The albumen of the seed, when bruised, breaks into angular fragments as represented under the magnified portions of the leaf: the larger one exhibits one of them more highly magnified, showing its granular structure. 1778. AcHYRANTHES RUBROFUSCA (R. W.), herba- ceous, stems erect, ramous, round, pubescent; branches ascending: leaves ovate acuminate, short petioled, finely pubescent on both sides, spikes virgate, com- pact: flowers shining, pale greenish: awn of the bracts as long as the limb: calyx longer than the bracts, sepals 3-nerved, glabrous, staminodes trun- cated, fimbriated on the margin, about half the length of the filaments, style equaling the stamens. Neilgherries, in moist soil. This species seems in appearance nearly allied to A. fruticosa, that is, so far as can be learned from written characters, but is abundantly distinct as shown by the analysis of the flowers. Figure 8 of the plate represents the albu- men highly magnified, which appears to consist of a congeries of minute globular grains giving a cellular appearance to the magnified representation. The stem and branches of the growing plant have a reddish-brown colour, whence the name ; in drying, the red tinge fades and the brown becomes deeper. 1779. ACHYRANTHES BIDENTATA (Blume A. viridis R. W. in Icon.), herbaceous, erect, ramous; stems obsoletely 4-sided, furrowed between, somewhat his- pid; branches long, slender, ascending: leaves short petioled, oval, acuminate, slightly pubescent on both sides: spikes long cylindrical, loosely flowered : flow- ers horizontal, greenish-brown (when dried) : lateral bracts very minute, two-lobed, with a long rigid awn; lower one ovate naviculete, pointed: calyx longer than the bracts, 1-nerved : staminodes minute, trun- cated, almost entire on the margin, filaments about the length of the style. Ceylon, Neilgherries, Sc. When naming the drawing I unfortunately over- looked the nce, in some important points, existing between my piant and Blume's species, which new genus, which I propose designating Pseudanthus, in allusion to the deception which its Aerva-like flow- ers have played off on all previous observers. Pluknet has given (tab. 334 f. 5,) a most characteristic figure of the usual form of the plant with opposite brachiate branches and leaves. Linnaeus, who obtained speci- mens from Surat, and also had the plant growing in the Upsal garden, twice described it, first under the name of Achyranthes, and afterwards transferred it to the genus Illecebrum. Roth obtained specimens .from Heyne, and described it from them under the name of Achyranthes, but overlooked the flowers. Martius next took it up and placed it in Forskal's genus Aerva, but still apparently without examining the flower ; and lastly Moquin Tandon, in D. C. Pro- dromus, has described it, but apparently not the true plant, as he describes the flower he examined as being pentandrous and having “ staminodia filamentis paulo breviora minutissima subtriangularia," a struc- ture which does not conform with any of those I have examined. As however he gives many locali- ties, it seems probable that the flower he examined belonged to a different species. He gives as stations, Philippine Islands, Nubia, Senegambia, Burmah, and many Indian stations. Having misled so many emi- nent observers, it well merits the name of deceiver. PsEUDANTHUS. Gen. CHAR. Flowers hermaphrodite, 3-bracteate. Calyx 4-sepaled; sepals equal. Stamens two, free to the base; no staminodes ; anthers roundish ovoid. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style very short, stigma sub-capitate. Fruit a utricle, indehiscent, inclosed in the calyx, seed vertical, lenticular, testa crustaceous, embryo anuular, radicle descending. Herbaceous, erect, ramous: branches like the leaves opposite, bra- chiate, or sometimes alternate, spikes axillary, aggre- gate, short white somewhat woolly: flowers very minute, bracts ovate concave, persistent sepals, white somewhat scariose, pubescent. 1776. PSEUDANTHUS BRACHIATUS (R. W., Aerva brachiata, Mart., Men) A common and widely distributed plant. . The specimen represented owes the circumstance of its finding a place in this work, to the accident of its having alternate branches and leaves; had it present- ed the usual brachiate form the mistake could scarcely ig — Iam particular in directing atten- on to this point, to prevent its being supposed that Ec 5 the normal - = E ve specimens various localities, Courtal- lum, Coimbatore, Mysore, &c., but with which I have only now become properly acquainted, having hitherto supposed it a form of ZE. lanata, from which how- ever it is amply distinct. . 1776-bis. Erva FLORIBUNDA (R. W.), herbace- ous, diffuse, procumbent, pubescent: leaves alternate, short petioled, varying from elliptieal to obovate obtuse, slightly pubescent above, villous and pale beneath: spikes axillary, soli or two or three short, stigma deeply 2-cleft, lobes reflexed. As) 1783. PuPALIA ORBICULATA (R. W., Achyran- thes orbiculata, Heyne, Wallich, Cyathula orbiculata, Moquin), *stem prostrate: leaves orbicular, retuse, acute at the base, short petioled, densely villous when young, becoming smoother by age: fascicles densely tomentose, many -flowered, globular, remote, with long brown bristles.” Wallich in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Carry Edit. 2. 507. On sandy soils near the sea beach, not uncommon, near the mouth of the Adyar south of Madras. An extensively spreading procumbent plant, the branches being often several feet long, round, pube- scent or, in older plants, nearly glabrous, of a light brownish-green colour: leaves obovato-orbicular or spathulate, very obtuse, when full-grown coriaceous and nearly glabrous, spikes terminal, long, at first compact, but becoming interrupted as the plant in- creases in length: fascicles of flowers capitate, densely tomentose: bristles when full-grown not simple, as in Cyathula, but compound, or as it were pinnate, pale brown, sepals oval acute, 3-nerved, very hairy on the back. The albumen in this coincides in structure with that of Achyranthes. 1784. GomPHRENA GLOBOSA (Linn.), stem herba- ceous, erect, very branchy, somewhat trichotomous, round, hairy: leaves short petioled, oblong-ovate or tending to obovato-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, en- tire, pubescent: peduncles simple; heads terminal, erect, solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 together, globose, 2-leaved: flowers shining, purple: calyx shorter than the lateral boat-shaped bracts: sepals acute, 1-nerved, villous. Cultivated every where, and known under the English name of Batchelor’s buttons, now quite a weed in many gardens. This plant, properly speaking, does not merit a place in a work on Indian Boy, as it is certainly not indigenous to India, but it seemed desirable to intro- duce a plant so generally known and by most per- sons supposed a native; the more so, as it differs so widely in its generic characters from all the Indian genera of the order. Here the filaments are united into a tube with the staminodes, exceeding in length the style and deeply-cleft stigma. In other respects it is a true member of the family. 1785. Comeres SURATTENSIS (Burm.), leaves cuni- ate obovate or elliptic: branchlets smooth: stipules borne on the petiols: ramuli of the involucrum of the fruit fascicled, the lower ones deflexed. R. Brown in Wall. Pl. As. rar. ! Scind, Stocks. This curious genus is still unknown on this side of India, but as it may ibly exist here, in the same parallel of latitude, I feel much indebted to Dr. Stocks for giving me an opportunity of intro- ducing it into this work. For, though it is now well known to Botanists who have an opportunity of con- sulting the very characteristic figure in Wallich’s splendid work, yet, as I fear few of my readers possess that advantage, I think it well to give it a e here. The genus is an old one founded by urman, Fl. Ind. 1768, but until the publication of Mr. Brown's paper, was virtually unknown, Bur- man's character, adopted by Linnzus, being incor- rect and his specimen, even when examined by De Candolie, being pronounced a species of Pupalia. ر subsequent and more careful examination brought to light. Feeling now satisfied that the differences be- tween them are not of specific value, I have adopted his name and beg the favour of the reader to change that on plate. To me it appears that excellent char- arters are occasionally derived from the staminodes, but which Moquin generally throws into the back ground by not introducing them into the body of the character. Those derived from them and the bracts seem alone nearly sufficient to distinguish this species from all the rest, and as these organs in my plant correspond with Blume's character I deem it right to refer it to his species, though geographically so widely separated. 1780. CENTROSTACHYS aquatica (Wall.), leaves lanceolate, acute, roughish pubescent: spikes long: flowers pentandrous, with five staminodes furnished with a dorsal fimbriated appendage. Northern Circars. Iam indebted to Captain Camp- bell, 50th Regt. N. I., for the specimen from which the drawing was taken. As Ihave never met with this plant in the Southern Provinces, I infer it is rare or perhaps does not extend so far south, though Roxburgh says it is a native of Coromandel. As a genus, Centrostachys is separated from Achyranthes on aecount of its pungent perianth, having one of the sepals longer than the rest, membranous bracts and the staminodes furnished on the back with a fim- briated appendage. Should these be deemed insuf- ficient, I would add that, in this species at least, the albumen is perfectly farinaceous and not, as in the species of Achyranthes, breaking into larger granular fragments as exhibited in the preceding plates. The angular figure in the corner between figs. 8 and 10 represents a portion of the testa highly mag- nified. 11 is certainly like the object seen, but on too small a scale for perfect accuracy of delineation. 1781. CYATHULA TOMENTOSA (Mog.), shrubby, erect, tomentose ; branches round, densely tomentose: leaves short petioled, ovate acuminate, shortly pointed; above pubescent, rusty coloured; beneath clothed with silky yellowish wool: spikes long, obtuse, thick, com- pact above, interrupted below: sepals 5-nerved, pilose, villous at the apex: hooked bristles (glochids) 3-5, shorter than the calyx, pale yellow: staminodes near- ly as long as the filaments, ciliate on the margin. Simla, Countess Dalhousie. I am indebted to the late Countess Dalhousie, for the opportunity of in- troducing this genus, which I have not met with in Southern India, though it would appear Hayne was more fortunate, as it is described by Roth from speci- mens received from that excellent Botanist. 1782. CYATHULA CAPITATA (Moq.), herbaceous? erect, glabrous or slightly pubescent; branches 4- sided: leaves petioled, oval acuminate, pubescent on both sides, deep green: heads of flowers globose, com- pact: flowers shining (when dry), dark yellowish- brown: sepals glabrous, somewhat villous below: hooked bristles 5-9, somewhat longer than the calyx, glabrous above I at the base: staminodes about half the length of the calyx, bifid at the apex. . Simla, Countess Dalhousie. I feel some hesitation in referring my plant to Moquin's species on account of some differences in the structure of the flowers, but as these are microscopic, while the more easily recognised features all agree, 1 do not think I would be justified in assigning to them specific value. ( 1789. Orione Srocksu (R. W.), stem shrubby, very ramous, ascending or diffuse, branches round, glabrous, unarmed : leaves alternate, short petioled, elliptic obtuse, tending to obovate, smooth, glabrous, turning white in drying, not powdery, sheath of the bracts conical, limbs orbicular, free, entire; disk smooth. Scinde, Stocks, in salt marshy soils, apparently a low somewhat spreading very ramous shrub, the lead- ing branches spreading, branchlets ascending. The surface of the leaves, when moistened and viewed under the microscope, seem as if covered with most delicate lace ; they appear, from the dried specimen, to be succulent and veinless, the costa being scarcely visible. The bracts on the other hand, when viewed with transmitted light, show quite a network of veins. This species seems nearly allied to O. Belangeri, a Persian plant. 1790. OmnrowE Koneen (Moq.), stem shrubby, procumbent, striated, sparingly branched, unarmed : leaves alternate, petioled, small, divaricate, obovato- orbicular, very obtuse, entire, scaly-white: theca of the bracts sub-sessile, obovate, the apex very obtuse, margin somewhat sinuate, disk muricate, somewhat coriaceous. Sea coast near Tuticorin. This is a straggling plant, its branches sometimes two or three feet long. It is at once distinguished from both the preceding by the bracts, which in this are roughened with thickened projecting points, in those, quite even and foliaceous. 1791. Kocma Íxpica (R. W.), herbaceous or suf- fruticose, erect, ramous ; branches ascending, and like the ramuli, more or less woolly : leaves linear, lanceo- late, sessile, villous on both sides : flowers axillary, one or two together in each axil, calyx very woolly, wing or disk exceeding the calyx, scariose, nearly glabrous : seed black. Coimbatore, in salt soils, flowering October. The flowers are sometimes male by abortion of the ovary. 1792. Suapa monoica (Forsk.), stem shrubby, dif- fuse, branchy ; branches erect, spreading, glabrous: leaves long, terete, attenuate at the base, stiff, giab- rous: flowers axillary, sessile, glomerate; male and female mixed: dried fructiferous calyx, scarcely or not at all inflated: seed lenticular or somewhat ob- long, prominent at the point of the radicle, smooth shining black. Sea coast, Tuticorin. In his character of the seed Moquin has the words, *Semine subrostellato margine acutiusculo.” By the term “rostellato,” I understand a beak at the apex, which does not exist in my plant, but there is a prominence at the base, that is, at the point of the radicle: is it to that he alludes? or is this a differ- ent species? The male flowers in my specimens are few, the female ones very numerous. 1793. CHENoPODINA Inpica (R. W.), shrubby, diffuse, procumbent, very branchy, glabrous: leaves succulent, small, oblong, somewhat clavate, obtuse, attenuated towards the base: flowers axillary, glom- erate: stigmas two or three: fructiferous calyx glo- bose, not inflated, green: seed depressed, glabrous, shining brown. B Under these circumstances I deem myself fortu- nate in thus having an opportunity of extending our knowledge of so old, but little known, a genus. 1786. CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES (Linn.), stem herbaceous, erect, furrowed, branched; leaves petiol- ed, ascending, oblong, attenuated at both ends, re- motely sinuately-toothed or nearly entire; glanduloso- puberulous beneath; the upper ones linear lanceolate, entire: racemes glomerato-spicate, compact, leafy: fructiferous calyx closed, not keeled: seed obtuse on the margin, smooth, shining. Coimbatore, in waste ground and among rubbish, flowering during the rainy and cool season, often three or four feet high, and exhaling a peculiar aromatic odour. This plant does not quite correspond with the char- acter, in so far as I find it polygamous, sterile flowers being mixed with the fertile ones, and the stamens of the fertile flowers being often without pollen; peculiarities not mentioned in either the generic or specific characters. Both forms of anthers are ex- hibited at figure 6, the upper ones being sterile. In these respects it approaches Ragodia but differs in others, giving rise to the suspicion that it may form the type of a new genus. 1787. ATRIPLEX HETERANTHA (R. W.), polygamo- dioicous, herbaceous, erect, glabrous: leaves petioled, ovate, pointed, membranous: male spikes axillary, sometimes racemose, some fertile flowers mixed with the sterile ones, calyx 4-5 sepals or deeply 4—5-part- ed: stamens shorter than the lobes: female spikes long, slender, interrupted, glomerules 4—5 female with one or two male flowers in the centre: bracts of the females cohering near the base, ovate, blunt, enlarging with the fruit, at length suborbicular, glabrous. Coimbatore, in salt clay soil and among old rubbish in the neighbourhood of brick kilns. This ies seems referable to Moquin's first sec- tion in which both forms of flowers are fructiferous, but seems very distinct from all his species. 1788. OBIONE FERA (Moq.), herbaceous, ascend- ing, striated, ramous; branches unarmed: leaves alter- nate, petioled, divaricated, ovato-lanceolate or del- toideo-ovate, obtuse, entire, sometimes somewhat sin- uate, thin somewhat mealy glaucous green: sheath of the bracts pedicelled, ovate, obtuse at the apex, den- ticulate below with the margin entire, disk inapen- diculate, and obsoletely carinulate, sub-coriaceous. China. 1 am indebted to Dr. Dorward of Madras, for my specimens of this plant. I introduce it here though not hitherto found in Coromandel under the impression that we may have several species in the salt soils near the coast, especially in the Tanjore and Tinnevelly districts, and possibly this one among them. The difference between Obione and Atri, is very slight, so slight that I think it would have been better to have followed Meyer in reducing it to the rank of a section of the older genus. In Atriplex the ends of the embryo are turned down, looking, if I may so say, towards the earth, while in Obione the seed seems to lie on its back with the ends of the embryo looking towards the sky. They may be thus represented : Afri ©, Obione ©; in all other re- spects they are same. L? 7 2 on the margin; fructiferous calyx fleshy, angular, seed پو سب‎ slightly rostrate, smooth bright shining ack. Sea coast, Tinnevelly District, near Tuticorin. The leaves and flowers, which turn black in drying, are very succulent when green. In old plants the extreme branches are leafless, and entirely covered with flowers. These latter, in some of my specimens, have so generally become the nidi of insects, that out of, I dare say, upwards of one hundred examin- ed not more than three or four had perfect seed. 1 have slightly altered Moquin's character in one or two points to make it correspond with my specimens, which, 1 believe, appertain to the true plant. 1797. PoLyGonum AMBIGUDUM (Meisn. in Wall. Pl. As. rar. vol. 3d.), spikes terminal, paired, very long, straight, compact : bracts long acuminated, di- lated at the base, imbricated : flowers moderate sized, not expanding: leaves ovate, or ovate oblong, cordate, taperingly long acuminate, smooth above, nerved, puberulous beneath ; margin obsoletely revo- lute, minutely crenulate: upper ones sub-sessile, oblong, lanceolate, somewhat stem-clasping. Mussuri and Simla, Countess Dalhousie, and M. P. Edgeworth, Esq. J am indebted to Mr. Edgeworth for the principal portion of the accompanying plate, from whose drawing it was taken. I have added, from a specimen received from the late Countess Dalhousie, the branch on the right to show the amplexicaul leaves, and the sections of the ovary. 1798. PoLyGonum BARBATUM (Linn.), spikes vir- gate, sometimes paired, often paniculate, continu- ous, compact-flowered : bracts turbinate, imbricating, brown, fringed with white hairs, one- or two-flowered, about as long as the pedicels: flowers 6-8-androus, ' 3-gynous: calyx 5-cleft: achenium (seed) 3-corner- ed, smooth, shining: ochrea (sheathing stipule) loose, crowned with long bristly hairs : leaves oblong, lan- ceolate, rough: stem thick, jointed, erect, branched ; rooting at the base. A very common plant all over India, growing on the banks of streams and water-courses, and in such places always in flower. 1799. PorxcoNuM GLABRUM (Willd.), spikes pani- cled, straight, continuous, loose, cylindrical, long, many-flowered: bracts somewhat imbricated, awn- less: pedicels exserted: flower 6-7-androus; 2-8- gynous: calyx 5-cleft: seed lenticular, or rarely 3- cornered, the convex sides delicately punctuate, shin- ing: sheathing stipules muticous, the upper ones ex- ceeding the internodes : leaves lanceolate, glanduloso- punctuate : stem erect, simple, everywhere glabrous. Very common in similar places with the last, the two very generally found growing together. 1800. 了 orYGoNUM srricrum (Allioni), spikes loosely-flowered, sub-cylindrical, linear, interrupted at the base : bracts short, ciliate, glabrous, about 2-flow- ered ; flowers small, 5-6-androus, 2-3-gynous, calyx 5-cleft, glandless: seed lenticular, rarely 3-cornered, shining: stipules (ochrez) ciliate, sparingly adpress- ed, strigose : leaves lanceolate or linear, often roundish or subcordate at the base, nearly glabrous: stem prostrate or ascending, rooting at base. Neilgherries, common in low wet ground. Sea coast, Tinnevelly District. This seems to be the only Indian species, and seems to approach in many points C. microphylla, a Rus- sian species; but which I think can scarcely be the same. This genus is distinguished from the preced- ing by the position of the seed, horizontal in this,- vertical in that. 1794. Cazoxxrow Inpicum (R. W.), fruticose, erect, very branchy, glabrous, branches opposite, spreading: leaves fleshy, oval, sessile, acutish a£ both ends, glabrous; floriferous leaves exceeding the flow- ers: sepals ovate, bidentate at the apex: wing at first small, afterwards enlarging: filaments adhering at the base to the 5-toothed cup; anthers oblong, cuspidate: wings of the fruit orbicular, spreading, scariose, entire on the margin. Coimbatore, flowering in January. I have speci- mens of what appears the same species from Scinde, communicated by Dr. Stocks. In Coimbatore the plant attains the height of between 3 and 4 feet, the branches throughout resembling the specimen figur- ed, which is merely the top shoot of a larger plant. It is succulent, bright green, but turns nearly black in drying. This genus is very nearly allied to Salsola, from which it principally differs in the cup-shaped, nectary enclosing the base of the ovary. 1795. SALSOLA SPINESCENS (Moq.), shrubby, as- cending, glabrous, very branchy ; branches alternate, divaricated, not jointed (ramuli spinescent pubes- cent): leaves scattered, very minute, ovato-3-corner- ed, obtuse, thick, glabrous, pubescent on the back; floral ones shorter than the glomerules: bracts somewhat longer than the floral leaves, shorter than the fructiferous calyx: flowers solitary, 5-androus; wings spreading, small, equal, obovato-cuniate, very obtuse, gnawed on the margin, delicately membran- ous, diaphanous. Scinde, Stocks. This is the only Indian Salsola I possess, and avail myself of it, to represent the genus. I do not how- ever feel quite certain of the species, though I think I have correctly named it, the character appearing too prolix andinvolved. In the accompanying plate, No. 1. is a flowering branchlet, 2. the bracts and floral leaves, 3. the bracts detached, 4. appears to be a monstrosity or disease, perhaps caused by attacks of insects, of which there are several on the speci- men. It is introduced as showing from what slight causes leaves become greatly modified; here they are changed in shape and texture, and clothed all over with long hairs, the normal form being short, succulent, and glabrous, in place of lanceolate and hairy. No. 5. is one of the leaves of No. 4. detached. The other numbers refer to the ordinary parts of the flower, and do not require further notice. The fruit-wings, as here shown, do not quite correspond with Moquin's character, but correctly represent those of the specimen. The plant is glabrons, and the wings beautifully diaphanous. 1796. SumpA Invica (Moq.) shrubby, very dif- fuse, branchy; branches ascending, glabrous: leaves succulent, roundish, attenuated towards the base, ob- tuse or sub-clavate at the apex ; the upper ones small oblong: flowers axillary, sessile, 3-5 glomerate on old the extreme branches, from abortion of the ves, racemoso-paniculate: bracts scariose, dentate cs) base, with a reniform foliaceous somewhat deciduous appendage: stem glabrous, suffruticose, procumbent, extensively diffuse, or climbing if supported. An extensively distributed plant, preferring alpine stations, but not confined to them, being abundant at Courtallum, only some 600 or 700 feet above the sea level. The genus Coccoloba is distinguished from Polygo- num by the fruit, which in the former is baccate, i. e., the calyx enlarges, becomes thickened and pulpy. In this plant it often undergoes that change and becomes of a deep purple or black colour. The first time I found this plant I, in consequence, named it Coccoloba Indica. Meisner, like Linnaeus, from the examination of dried specimens, determined that it was a true Polygonum, and I have here adopted that name, though not prepared to agree with them. This plant in truth forms the connecting link between the two genera, as seed are often matured without the calyx becoming baccate. 1807. PorvGoNUM morre (Don), panicles very branchy, leafless; racemes confluent: bracts 3-6- flowered, about the length of the pedicels: smaller segments of the calyx equal, narrow oval, acutish : ochrea equaling or somewhat exceeding the petiol, shorter or about the length of the internode : leaves oblong, lanceolate, shortly acuminate, velvety beneath, glabrescent above: stem fruticose, branchy, and with the branches peduncles and ochrea, pilose. Simla, Countess Dalhousie. The two lower leaves in the figure are misrepre- sented in the half only being shown villous, a blunder in part attributable to the lithographer who neglected the directions to represent them the same throughout. Errors like these are not easily guarded against while the artist and lithographer are working at so great a distance from each other: the one in Madras, the other in Coimbatore, 300 miles apart. 1808. Porxcowuw Inpicum (Roth.), fascicles axil- lary, 3-6-flowered ; pedicels exserted: flowers 5-6-8- androus: calyx somewhat longer than the pedicel; lobes acute, diverging, the three exterior ones at length acutely keeled: seed thickened on the angles, sides ovate, shining, obsoletely punctuate, striated towards the apex: ochrea short, lacerated, slightly nerved ; those of the stem evanescent: leaves lanceo- late or linear, longer than the internodes, spreading : „stem prostrate, radiating, woolly, very ramous. A widely distributed and common plant lying flat on the ground, the stipules or ochrex scariose, the flowers pink. It is variable in form and number of stamens. It seems scarcely distinct from the Euro- pean P. aviculare. The specimen figured seems to fluctuate between P. herniarioides and Indicum, and seems to connect the two species, if indeed they be species. PrERoPYRUM (Jaub. and Spach.). Gen. CHAR. Perianth rotate, 5-parted, sub-petaloid, withering; lobes 2 series, unequal; two exterior ones, reflexed ; interior ones shorter, ad- pressed to the ovary and fruit. Stamens 8, inserted on the throat of the perianth; 5 shorter, alternate with the lobes, persistent ; anthers versatile, deciduous, 2-celled. Ovary free, l-celled 1-ovuled, 3-winged, contracted at the base and apex; ovule attached to the base of the cell atropous; styles 3, persistent ; 1801. Porvcowvw Donut (Meisn.), spikes often paired or paniculate, long filiform flaccid, interrupt- ed: bracts somewhat remote, bristly, ciliate, one- flowered ; pedicels exserted: flowers 8-androus, 3- gynous: seed 3-cornered, smooth dull-brown: calyx 5-cleft, the outer lobes glanduliferous : ochre loose, hairy, long ciliate: leaves lanceolate, oblong acumi- nate, hispidulous beneath, ciliate on the margin: stem ascending, ramous, rooting at the base. Neilgherries, on wet ground in woods. 1802. PoLYGONUM PEDUNCULARE (Wallich), spikes short, ovate or roundish: peduncles paired, often. di- chotomous: bracts muticous; flowers 5-androus, 2- gynous: seed lenticular, shining, punctuate: ochrea somewhat pointed, beset with bristly hairs at the base: leaves erect, varying from broad ovate to linear lanceolate acute, rough on the margin: petiols about the length of the stipules; stem smooth, rooting at the base. Neilgherries, frequent in woods in low wet soil. This is so variable a plant, that I have been indu- ced to give figures of three sufficiently distinct forms, which I find mixed in my collection of specimens. 1803. PoLyGonum HORRIDUM (Hamilt.), spikes short, compact, cylindrical, sometimes sub-globose : pe- duncles geminate or dichotomously panicled, divari- cate: bracts ciliate,flowers 6-7-8-androus, 2-3-gynous: seed lenticular or obsoletely 3-corned, faces convex, granulato-punctuate: ochrea bristle ciliate: leaves. lanceolate, cordate, or sagittate at the base, scariose on the margin, middle nerve beneath with the petiol base of the ochrea and stem densely armed with re- trorse bristles. Ootacamund, in shallow water, very abundant. In - at all seasons, but seems very rarely to mature see 1804. Poryconum NepPALENSE (Meisn.), heads of flowers supported by the sessile cordate leaves: pe- duncles paired: scariose bracts and ochrea glabrous : flowers 6-androus, 2-gynous: limb of the calyx 4- cleft: seed compressed, sides convex, prettily netted, scrobiculate : upper leaves sessile, oblong, cordato- stem-clasping ; limb of the lower ones ovate, acumi- nate, decurrent, wing-like on the petiol, stem-clasping at the base; sparingly punctuate beneath, with pel- lucid glands. - Neilgherries. A very common weed in gardens about Ootacamund, flowering at all seasons. 1805. PorrGoNUM Warrrcun (Meisn.), heads of flowers paired ; — long filiform, glabrous : bracts scariose, obtuse, pointless: flowers 8-androus, sometimes 6-androus, 3-gynous; limb of the calyx 5-cleft : seed 3-cornered, sides granular: leaves not punctuate, glabrous, or slightly pubescent beneath, somewhat granularly-rough above, ovate, acuminate, or sub-cordate at the base, decurrent on the petiol ; the margin and ochrea shortly ciliate : stem glabrous. Neilgherries. The points represented on the magnified portion of the leaf are granular asperities, not pellucid points. 1806. Porrcowum Cumense (Linn.), flowers 8- + 3-gynous : bs simple or panicled : peduncles roughish ; with foliaceous cordate bractiols د‎ leaves ovate, or oblong, acuminate, less pellucid, punctuate ; petiols short auricled at the EF) Nixus suggested their affinity with Cucurbitacee, and has been followed by Endlicher and Brongniart, the former, however, with the remark that it is a difficult order, not closely associating with any yet known, and whose true affinities are questionable. Lindley, in his Vegetable Kingdom, still adheres to this view, and places the order in his Cucurbital alliance. This I think by far the best station yet indicated, but still the affinity appears so remote, that for the present I am almost disposed to go so far as to say that it has no really near affinity in the living flora of the earth, and that we must seek its relationships among the fossil remains of a former world. Lindley in his character of the order assigns 4 sepals to the male, and 5 to the female flowers. This must be received with some latitude, as the numbers differ in different species. In regard to the seed, they are said to be without albumen, which, in those I have examined, is not the case, they having a rather large albumen in proportion to the size of the seed. On the subject of affinities, Lindley’s views seem at first sight very paradoxical, but may after all, like many other paradoxes, prove very near the truth. He says “the relationship of Detassa is well made out,” though it has a decidedly 1-celled ovary, with parietal placente. To this 1 demur. j after stating that the main objection to the associa- tion of Begoniads and Cucurbits in the same alliance isthe apparent difference of their placentation—axile in the former, parietal in the latter—he thus proceeds to show that the distinction is one of words, rather than of essential structure. “ The ovary of such Begoniads (some species of Diploclinium ) consists of three carpels whose dorsal suture is winged, and whose margins turn inwards for a considerable dis- tance, each margin forming a plate or placenta over which the ovules are This, with the ex- ception of the viag proceeding from the dorsal suture, is the structure of Cucumis.” To understand this it is n to observe that the midribs of the pe ped lary leaves of a Cucurbit are opposite the points of at- tachment of the seed (see a transverse section of a cucumber), and that the white line, extending from the centre of the fruit to the seed, is not the partition be- tween 2 cells, but is the two inflexed margins of the same carpel as shown in Diploclinium ; while the in- termediate triangular fleshy semeniferous portions are simply modified forms of the thin partition shown to exist between the cells in all the following transverse sections of the ovary and fruit of Begoniads. This view is certainly very ingenious, and is borne out by what we x jk É Fon سپ‎ and some Gesneracee, where similar marginal inflections of the carpellary leaves exist. This view of the structure of a Pepo, which at once and for ever overturns the one which I formerly advanced, leaves no doubt, when taken in connexion with the identity of form of the stigmas and some points of habit, that Bego- niads and Cucurbits more nearly associate with each other than either does with almost any other in the series of natural orders. There are still however many points of difference between them, though it must be admitted that a great step has been made towards becoming acquainted with their true re- lationships. On the subject of the parietal position of the placenta of Cucurbits, I confess I am not yet quite a convert to the doctrine, still less so being told that the difference between those of a Pepo and a Begonia is one of words rather than of stigmas capitate. Achenium (fruit) coriaceous, 3- winged, cordato-ovoid, 1-celled; cell ending in an elongated neck, similarly winged, interrupted near the middle by a deep sinus, the base and apex round- ed. Seed erect, filling the cell, somewhat triangular, stipitate, beaked, albuminous; albumen wanting in the beak round the radicle. Embryo axile, straight, clavate; radicle superior, about twice the length of the cotyledons.—Erect, ramous shrubs, branches al- ternate. Leaves coriaceous, entire, 2-stipuled, some- times fascicled. Flowers hermaphrodite, fascicled, 2-3 from each fascicle of leaves, pedicelled; pedicels articulated below the middle, thickened at the apex, vaginate with sheathing bracts at the base. Fruit drooping. 1 have taken the liberty of abbreviating this generic character, which in the original is very long. The most curious feature of the plant here represented is found in the fruit, which, at the neck, receives a twist, by which the upper half of the wing becomes alternate with the lower, giving the fruit the appear- ance of having six wings, three above and three below. In another species, this peculiarity is want- ing, the fruit in it not being so contorted. 1809. PTEROPYRUM OLIVERU (J. and S.), leaves fascicled, obovate or oblong, or spathulate, or some- what roundish, linear, or flat: terminal wings of the fruit almost concealed by the larger alternate lower ones. Scinde. I am indebted to Dr. Stocks for my specimens of this curious plant. ' As the genus has not yet found its way into gene- ral systematic works on Botany, I have felt it neces- sary to give the generic character. It is given at full length in Walper’s Annals of Botany, vol. 1st, p. 553. 1810. Rumex NepALENSIS (Spreng.), glabrous, verticels remote, many -flowered : fructiferous branches nearly leafless: valves ovate, oblong, obtuse, reticu- lately-veined ; one of them obsoletely grain-bear- ing, furnished at the base with subulate fimbriz, na- ked towards the apex, the bristles shorter than the breadth of the valve: leaves acute, somewhat waved, the lower ones ovate, oblong, cordate at the base ; the radical ones oblong, subcordate; upper ones lanceo- late : stem very ramous, furrowed, thick. Neilgherries, frequent, also on the Pulney Mount- ains, but less common. BEGoNIAcEzE. This very curious order, consisting at present of 3 genera and about 160 species, has hitherto so completely set the natural system of botany and its expounders at defiance, so far as regards ading mon پو‎ is concerned, that I think I may له‎ hazard the assertion, that these are at the present moment about as little known as they were in 1789, when Jussieu published his genera with the genus Begonia placed `` among his “ plante incerte sedis." Since then many attempts have been made to find a suitable location in the natural — Pes Candolle placed it ig صن‎ seg pst e an gonacee in which he been followed by sev excellent Botanists. Link looks to the Umbellifere for affinities; Martius to Scevolee near Ci e; Meisner turns thence to the Euphorbiacee, and thinks he has found the most suitable station in their vicinity; Lindley in his EN 7 Dierocuısıum (Lindley). This genus was established by Dr. Lindley, to include all those Begonias having a double placenta. It has not yet. been admitted into systematic works, but as it seems to rest on a very sufficient and easily ascertained character, I readily adopt it here. In habit and in all other respects it seems to agree with Begonia, but as that genus is a very large one (up- wards of 160 species) it is desirable to divide it by any feasible means within our reach, and the double placenta seems very properly taken advantage of for the purpose. 1814. DIPLOCLINIUM BILOCULARE (R. W.), herba- ceous, erect, few-leaved (1 or 2);-leaves petioled, or sub-peltate, sub-orbicular slightly oblique, doubly and finely serrated, slightly acuminate, pube- Scent on both sides, more densely on the veins beneath : corymb loose, many-flowered, male 4- female 5-petal- ed, ovary 3-winged, 2-celled. Mergui, Griffith. Iam indebted to the late Mr. Griffith for several specimens of this plant. They have all, except one, two leaves, and one of those on the plant represented is decidedly peltate, the other sub-peltato-cordate. 6 artist, in the upper figure, has represented the pube- scence as too decidedly stellate, and in the other the pubescence is too sparing. In other respects the figure gives an excellent idea of the plant represented. 1815. DIPLOCLINIUM ARNOTTIANUM (R. W.), stem- less, root tuberous: leaves orbiculato-cordate, crenato- serrate; above sprinkled with coarse jointed hairs; below glabrous except the hairy veins: scape shorter or about as long as the leaves, few-flowered: flowers all 4-petaled, wings about egual. Courtallum, in dense forest, flowering July and August. The hairs as they appear in this plate are not weil represented, those shown in the following, No. 1816, give a much better idea of them. 1816. DIPLOCLINIUM CORDIFOLIUM (R. W.), stem- less, tuberous, (?) leaves long petioled; petiols fur- nished at the base with scarious stipules, glabrous; limb orbicular, crenato-serrate, deeply serrato-cor- „date at the base, sparingly sprinkled above with coarse jointed hairs: scapes about as long as the leaves, cymose: cymes loose, spreading, many-flower- ed: flowers smallish: male 4-petaled, female 3 or 4: wings equal. 5 Malabar, in forests, flowering June. | 1817. DIPLOCLINIUM LINDLEYANUM (R. W.), stem erect, herbaceous, flexuose, branchless: leaves semi- cordate, oblong, acuminate, muricato-dentate on the margin; glabrous on both sides : cymes axillary, loose, many-flowered: flowers rather small, 4-petaled, wings about equal. Courtallum, and Malabar. : This so much resembles Rheede’s figure (Hort. Mal. 9—t, 86, quoted by Dryander and Roxburgh, for B. Malabarica), that I at first so named this plant, but the inflorescence is so different that I felt it necessary to relinquish that name. Dryander remarks on the strange circumstance of the female flowers having only 3 I do not attach much importance to it, as it seems merely the result of accidental abor- tion, which may be seen in both male and female 0 x; essential structure, seeing that those of Begonia are so unequivocally axile, the only difference between parietal and axile placentation being that the carpels in the former case meet in the parietes, and without proceeding further form placentse at the point of union of the two leaves, while in the latter the edges dip down to the centre, and there meeting, I think, form the placenta from the union of the two margins of the same leaf. 1811. BEGONIA GRAHAMIANA (R. W.), root tu- berous? stemless: leaves long petioled, peltate, sub- orbieular, glabrous above, punctuate and slightly villous on the veins beneath; ciliate on the margin: *petiols furnished with large scariose bracts at the base: scapes exceeding the leaves, slightly hairy to- wards the apex, glabrous below : corymbs loose, many- flowered. Courtallum, in dense forests, flowering August and September. I dedicate this handsome species, of this, his favourite genus, to the memory of the late Dr. R. Graham of Edinburgh, one of its most successful cultivators and to whose skill in cultivating and accuracy in describ- ing them we are indebted for much of our acquaint- ance with its numerous species. The peduncle is re- presented a little too rough. 1812. BEGONIA SUBPELTATA (R. W.), root tuber- ous with a solitary (always?) long petioled sub-orbi- cular sub-peltate leaf: leaf serrated and with the petiol sprinkled with coarse short hairs, most numerous at the insertion of the petiol: scape filiform, about the length of the leaf, ending in a few-flowered raceme. The station is not mentioned, but I think Malabar. In dried plants the leaves are most delicately mem- branous and transparent, and the hairs become so shrivelled that they are scarcely visible unless when viewed by transmitted light. 1813. BEGONIA DIPETALA (Graham), shrubby, erect: leaves semicordate, somewhat angled, acute, doubly serrate, smoothish: stipules semi-cordate, flow- ers ا‎ ai wings of the capsule about equal, roundish. Neilgherries, very frequent at an elevation of from 4 to 6 thousand feet, in moist woods growing in crevices of moss-covered rocks and elsewhere. This is a very handsome species which I have found on many other hills, besides the Neilgherries. So often indeed, and so variable, that I suspect there are more than one Indian species characterised by the terms, “floribus dipetalis.” But in truth the genus is a most difficult one, as up to the present time, no well-executed monograph of its species ex- ists to guide the colonial Botanist to a knowledge of the distinctive marks by which they may be discrim- inated. Dr. Graham’s figure in the Botanical Maga- zine, taken from a young plant, gives a very imper- fect idea of the species. The stems are straight, rod- like, generally without a branch, the leaves, in the wild state, are rarely spotted as represented, and towards the apex almost every leaf is furnished with its cyme of male and female, beautiful rose- coloured, flowers. ( In addition to these, Professor Nees, in his ex- cellent and most elaborate monograph of the order (Systema Laurinarum), has availed himself, for group- ing his genera into tribes, of the duration of the leaves, whether deciduous or evergreens—of the inflorescence, whether umbelled or panicled—of the dehiscence of the anthers, whether opening at the apex or below the apex—of the fruit, whether free or more or less inclosed within the perianth—the staminodes of the 4th series, whether wanting, imperfect, or distinctly 3-angular—the limb of the perianth, whether persis- tent or deciduous—in the former case, whether har- dening into a cup or not hardening: and in the latter whether the bases of the lobes are persistent and truncated or altogether deciduous from the tube. The leaves are also used in the limitation of these groups, whether, namely, they are triplinerved or penninerved, and reticulated. In Cinnamomum, they are 3-nerved or triplinerved: generally less dis- tinctly so in the following. To show how these char- acters are used, I shall introduce verbatim Nees’ Synopsis or Key to the Tribes, * Clavis Tribuum,” in which he exhibits in a tabular form, their applica- tion in practice. i The characters employed for the limitation of the genera are sometimes very minute, and their value at first sight apparently so inappreciable, that I re- peatedly thought, when I first entered on the study of the order, that sub-division had been carried to an unnecessary degree of refinement, an opinion which increase of knowledge, though it has not altogether removed, has certainly not strengthened, but it is one on which, considering my limited opportunities of studying the order as a whole, it would not have been safe to act. I have therefore as much as possible availed myself of named specimens for representa- tion, and have only in two instances altered names given by Nees, but hope that in both cases the learn- ed Professor will adopt the alterations. Before concluding these introductory remarks, it may be well to advert briefly to an organ, if such it may be called, which, if I rightly understand, seems to have given the Professor some trouble; I allude to the pedicelled capitate glands of Tetranthera. These’ bodies he at different times calls both glands. and staminodes, a most inconvenient confusion of terms. For myself I can see no reason for considering them any thing else than a modified form of the glands found in every genus in the order. But at the same time I look upon the modification as so peculiar, and of such rare occurrence, that I think it might have generic value attached. They exist in several, but not in all the species of Tetranthera, those in which they are present, at least so far as my experience ex- tends, seem to me to form a distinct and well-mark- ed genus, which might be beneficially separated from the rest of the genus. But to this I shall advert more at large by and bye. flowers on the same plant. The B. Malabarica, Roxb., seems to be a species quite distinct from Dry- ander’s, and Rheede’s plant, but it is, like my plant, a Diploclinium, apparently more nearly allied to it than to Rheede’s. In these characters I, in referring to the lobes of the perianth, have followed my predecessors in call- ing them petals, which is not quite correct though so thoroughly petaloid in texture and appearance. LAURACEZ. The formation of the flowers in this order being somewhat peculiar, 1 have in several of the follow- ing plates endeavoured to exhibit their distinguishing features by means of diagrams. A few introductory remarks explanatory of these diagrams and of the parts they are intended to represent, seem necessary. In this order the flower is nferior, usually bisexual, with a six-lobed perianth, 12 more or less perfect stamens, and a 1-celled ovary with a single pendu- lous ovule. The lobes of the perianth form a double row or series 3 and 3, or rarely two or four in each. Each of these lobes has in front, 2 stamens, forming together 4 rows of 3 each: those of the 2 outer rows, next the perianth, are usually perfect with the anthers opening inwards, those of the third row opposite the first or outer are also usually perfect, but differing from the preceding in having two pedicelled glands at the base of the filament, and their anthers opening outwards. Those of the inner of 4th row, opposite the 2d, are rarely perfect, being usually antherless fila- ments, or what are called staminodes. In the follow- ing di s the stamens of the outer rows being normal (a filament and perfect anther) their places are marked by a small o, those having gland-bearing fila- ments by a double circle 00; and lastly the staminodes by a point. In some genera the anthers of both the interior rows are perfect and glanduliferous, the dia- grams show these by the increased number of double 00. In some the inner row is altogether wanting, these are equally shown by the absence of points. These differences are employed as generic characters. Some genera have 1-sexual flowers; the analyses show these by representing separately the male and female flowers when both were procurable. Others have several flowers aggregated within an involucrum, forming a head or simple umbel. Cylicodaphne tet- ranthera, &c., furnish examples of this arrangement. In this order the anthers are 2- or 4-celled, not, as in other families, opening by slits or pores, but by valves which separate from below, and turn back towards the apex as shown in all the plates. The ovary is superior and free, except in a few genera where it is more or less completely embraced by the tubular base of the perianth. (See Cryp- tocarya. ) ۰ 0 7 CLAVIS TRIBUUM. > - - Tribus XIII. CassvTEAE. - - ~ Tribus X. FLAVIFLORAE. - - Tribus XI. TETRANTHEREAE. Tribus XII. DAPHNIDINAE. - - - Tribus VI. AcroDICLIDIA. - ~ Tribus VII. NECTANDREAE. - - Tribus VIII. DicyPELLIA. Herbae aphyllae, volubiles, Arbores (aut frutices) foliosae, Folia decidua (demtis aliquot Tetrantheris) - Folia perennantia (exceptis aliquot Tetrantheris, Inflorescentia umbellulata vel glomerata, Inflorescentia regulariter umbellulata, involucrata, Inflorescentia e gemma perulata, glomerata vel subraccmosa, Inflorescentia paniculata, Antherae apice dehiscentes Antherae infra apicem dehiscentes, . Antherae latae, subsessiles, Antherae conformes ostiolis ab apice distantibus, Antherae exteriores sub fructu petaloideae, Antherae a filamento discretae, locellis uno super altero positis, Fructus (subsiccus) tubo perianthio magis minusve obtectus, Fructus perianthii tubo non indutus, Staminodia quarti ordinis nulla vel imperfecta, subulata aut subcapitata, - Staminodia quarti ordinis capitulo distincto triangulari, Perianthii limbus integre persistens in cupulam durescens - patulus nec induratus, - (his folia penninervia aut incomplete nervosa) Tribus V. CRYPTOCARYEAE. Tribus IX. ORCODAPHNEAE. 5 > - Tribus III. | PHOEBEAE. - - Tribus IV. PERSEAE. - - Tribus I. CINNAMOMEAE. 1 . Tribus II. CAMPHOREAE. Perianthii limbus deciduns, Basis laciniarum persistens truncata, Laciniae integrae a tubo deciduae, (his folia sunt definite nervosa), Generum conspectum sub quaque tribuum loco citato invenies. 1821. PHOEBE LANCEOLATA (Nees, Laurus lanceo- laria, Roxb.), leaves oblong lanceolate, or lanceolate, with a long acumination at both ends: finely pube- Scent beneath: corymbs glabrous, spreading: the interior stamens hairy. The figure is copied from Roxburgh's drawing, for which with all the others marked “ Roxburghianz," from the same collection, I am indebted to the kind- ness of Dr. Wallich, to whom the readers of this work are under great obligations for the many favours of the same kind received from him. The tree is a native of Silhet, and Nepaul. 1822. PHOEBE viLLosa (R. W., Laurus villosa, ri E 310), o- leaves alternate, petio ceo! 1-nerved : panicles axillary, and several round the base of the young downy shoots, villous: berries spherical, of the size and appearance of 1 black currant. 8 CH ا‎ large tree, native of Chittagong. This species does not appear to have been seen by Nees, as it is not noticed in his * Systema;" it seems, however, to be a species of the genus. 1823. PERSEA GRATISSIMA (Gert.), leaves ovate, ovate oblong, or obovate, somewhat acute at both ends, reticulate, pubescent beneath, 9-nerved (novem costatis), glaucous : lobes of the perianth about equal, oblong: ovary glabrous: berry large pear-shaped. i As my collection is rather rich in species of this order, I might have added considerably to the num- ber of plates devoted to its illustration, but now that the work is drawing to a close, this being the conclud- ing volume, I felt desirous of aiding the researches of those Indian Botanists,less favourably situated than I am for determining them, by giving illustrations of as many genera of other orders as my now limi space will permit. 1818. CAMPHORA OFFICINARUM (Bauhin Pinax), leaves triplinerved, shining above ; axils of the veins glanduliferous: corymbs naked: flowers externally glabrous. : I only know this plant from description, and the figure copied from Roxburgh’s drawing for which I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Wallich, while superintendent of the Calcutta Botanical Garden. 1819. APOLLONIAS ARNOTTN (Nees ab Esenbeck), glabrous: leaves oblong, exquisitely acuminate at Courtallum, flowering July and August. This is the only Indian species of the genus known to Professor Nees. This genus is distinguished from the following by having 2- not 4-celled anthers. 1820. PHOEBE PANICULATA (Nees), leaves obo- vato-elliptic, acute at both ends, reticulate beneath, the midrib, ramuli, and loose dichotomous panicles rusty, tomentose : lobes of the perianth, and the fruit ovate. Neilgherries, &c. I have specimens from several stations, those from which the drawing was made were in woods about Ootacamund, where the tree, a considerable one, is not uncommon. The under surface of the leaves are rather closely with thickish veins, and of a deep rusty brown colour. CR posite and alternate, broad lanceolar, veined : racemes solitary, under the leaves, or axillary: filaments with- out glands: nectaries nine, anthers bilocular : berries oblong, glaucous.” In this character the “ filaments without glands, nectaries nine,” may seem at va- riance with the introductory description of the sta- mens of this order, but a careful inspection of the magnified figure will show that the discrepancy be- longs to the language used, not to the flower. This his detailed description shows. The filaments of the third row have each 2 large pedicelled globular glands, and the fourth row are the usual staminodes. The glands and staminodes are all by Roxburgh desig- nated “nectaries,” and the glands having in this spe- cies a distinct pedicel he seems to have viewed them as independent of the stamens to the base of which they appertain; the simple character therefore is: stamens 9, the 3 interior ones glanduliferous, glands pedicelled ; staminodes three, bearing cordato-sagittate rudimentary anthers. The six glands and three staminodes make up Roxburgh’s nine nectaries. Nees objects to Roxburgh’s specific name “ bilo- cularis,” on the supposition that it refers to the ovary or fruit, which however is not Roxburgh’s meaning, he simply refers to the anthers, which are two-celled not 4, the form he had observed in the other species of his genus Zaurus. : 1829. ÜRYPTOCARYA FLORIBUNDA (Nees), leaves oval oblong, abruptly short acuminate, coarsely venoso-reticulate and glaucous beneath; glabrous shining above; pubescent on the veins beneath : panicles axillary, the terminal one dichotomous, naked, yellowish tomentose. Ceylon. All my specimens of this plant are from Ceylon. I have specimens of two others much re- sembling this, but apparently both distinct species, from Malacca. It is a curious genus, distinguished in the order by having the seed inclosed in, but not united with, the tube of the calyx, as shown in the longitudinal section of the fruit. 1830. ÜRYPTOCARYA GRIFFITHIANA (R. W.), flò- riferous branches, petiols and costa of the leaves rusty tomentose: leaves coriaceous, elliptic oblong, abruptly ending in a longish, narrow acute acumen, glabrous shining above, strongly reticulated, beneath mealy white between the reticulations; veins promi- nent, rusty pubescent: panicles axillary, racemose, much shorter than the leaves, densely rusty tomentose : ovary hairy: fruit globose? glabrous. Me Griffith. Apparently a — tree, ut the specimens were unaccompanied by any note. The fruit shown on the plate had been perforated by insects, and when dissected were found mere shells, hence the doubt in regard to their forms, which when seen in a healthy state may be different. In this species the staminodes are very acute. 1831. Haasıa Wicmru (Nees), leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, finely reticulated, of the same colour on both sides: panicles shorter than the aes 7 lobes e mA موا‎ deciduous : fructiferous icels straight, slightly thickening upwards, shorter than the peduncle of the panicle: staminodes present in the male flowers. Courtallum, flowering August and September. 1824. MACHILUS MACRANTHA (Nees), leaves el- liptic, acute, beneath glaucous, glabrous, penninerved: panicles large, pubescent, the ramuli divaricated, bifid. Neilgherries, on the Northern and Western slopes. The tree is a rather low one, but the branches spread- ing and umbrageous; the leaves and panicles large, terminal; fruit globose, somewhat depressed, about the size of a large currant. 1825. MACHILUS GLAUCESENS (R. W., Phoebe glaucesens, Nees), leaves oblong, lanceolate, acute at both ends, or acuminate; glaucous: panicles thyrsoid, forming terminal tomentose corymbs: fruit globose, slightly depressed, about the size of a small goose- berry. rry Neilgherries, Western slopes. I have ventured to change Nees’ generic name, under the conviction that this is a true congener of the last, with which it so perfectly agrees that, but for the larger fruit of this, they are liable to be mis- taken. My impression is that the plant named Ocotea (now Phoebe) glaucescens by Nees in my Herbarium, and which perfectly agrees with this, is not that spe- cies but one accidentally erroneously named, owing to the imperfection of the specimens. In this, when the fruit attains maturity, the leaves have become firm and coriaceous. Of the plant, in this state, I have specimens from the late Mr. Graham of Bom- bay labeled, * a large tree from the Ghauts.” Roxburgh appears to have fallen into a curious error with respect to this tree. His specific charac- ter is, *leaves alternate, narrow, lanceolate, tripli- nerved." While in his detailed description he de- scribes them as broad lanceolar with “no tendency to the tri or tripli-nerve habit," hence the specific character seems to refer to one tree, the description to another. 1826-27 8 ALSEODAPHNE SEMECARPIFOLIA (Nees), leaves obovate, cuniform, glaucous, glabrous, penni- nerved beneath: panicles terminal, cymosely umbel- led on the ends of the branches. I am indebted to Mr. Law of Bombay for the spe- cimen represented in No. 1826, who sent it from Belgaum, that of 1827 I gathered at Courtallum. The larger one seems to correspond so well with the description of Heyne’s specimen by Nees, but which had no station given, that I infer he must have found it in Mysore where he made considerable col- lections. The specimens of the smaller form were named by Nees “ Alseodaphne semecarpifolia variat B, folius minoribus (23-3 pollices, cum petiolo, longis, 10 lineas latis) paniculis depauperatis simplicibus." The two plants, when laid side by side, are evidently only varieties of the same species, and are readily re- cognised in the herbarium by the whitish pulveru- lence or bloom on the under surface of the leaves, which contrasts strongly with the dark upper one. 1828 BEILSCHMIEDIA ROxBURGIANA (Nees, Lau- rus bilocularis, Roxb., Fl. Ind.), branchlets, naked at the base, lobes of the perianth oval. Calcutta Bot. Garden introduced from Tipparah. The above very brief character is sufficient to dis- tinguish this from the only other species of the genus. Roxburgh’s character being more descriptive of the trees, I introduce it also: “arboreous with a straight trunk, and many far-extended branches: leaves op- ° ۲ H [ TETRANTHERA. This genus seems to require revision, since, as re- gards the variations of floral structure, found among the species now ranged under it, it appears rather complex and heteromorphous. When engaged in pre- paring the series of drawings for the elucidation of the genera of this order, I was, under the pressure of then existing circumstances, prevented going so fully into its examination as I could have wished, and have since done, otherwise I might have shown this more clearly than I have done, but still I think an examination of the plates appertaining to the “Tribe Tetrantherex,” will tend to lead others to the same conclusion. Compare for example the plates 1834 and 1835 with 1838, all of which are referred by Professor Nees to the genus Tetranthera, and the difference between the two first and the last will be at once obvious. Compare again 1837 and 1838, which I have associated as species of the same genus, and the exact ‘similarity will, I think, be equally obvious. According to my views, the two sets of forms can- not be associated under the same generic character, otherwise than by constructing it so loosely that al- most all the tribe might be admitted into the genus. Contrast again this grouping with No. 1837, the type of a distinct genus in which the real essential character rests on the compressed or lamellar form of the glandular appendages of the six interior sta- mens, as contrasted with the thicker glandular form of those of the other genera. “ Lepidadenia est genus inter Dodecadeniam et Tetrantheram versans, flore pro familia eximio, diversum ab utroque laminis petaloi- deis planis obtusis subsessilibus loco glandularum terga staminum interiorum obvallantibus, ita, ut seriem quasi exhibeant petalorum, stamina sex exte- riora ab interioribus separantium." This, as con- trasted with the other, is to my mind too narrow a basis on which to establish a good genus. To show this more clearly, I shall quote Nees’ essen- tial generic character of Tetranthera, under which he ranges a series of 44 species, many of them depart- ing widely from the charaeter. ** Tetranthera, anthers 4-celled, cup of the fruit discoid. Three interior sta- mens biglandulose at the base. Leaves veined but not coarsely reticulate (Folia venosa nec admodum reticulata).” In his more extended character, he adds, “six gland-like staminodes attached by pairs to the three interior stamens, either sessile or stipitate." On turning to the species ranged under this generic character, we find the four represented in plates 1834- 35-36 and 38, not one of which, curiously enough, agrees with it. Then, as if to make the confusion greater, we find at the head of the character of the tribe, “ Staminodia nulla." These discrepancies and want of precision of language, in calling the stami- nal appendages at one time glands, and at another staminodes when no true staminodes are present, make this a most difficult group of species to study, though, when properly understood, I see no reason why it should be more so than any other, since they are susceptible of as easy distribution into several well-defined smaller groups or genera, according to the views of the monographist. The normal structure of the flowers of this order is not difficult to understand, as the diagrams show, and those of this tribe, with a few exceptions, do not essentially depart from it. The exceptions are found in plates 1834 and 35, and a few others in which the D nguished by having * This species differs from the rest in having stami- nodes, and the lobes of the perianth deciduous, by which marks alone it agrees with Haasia media, s. Perhaps it is the type of a distinct genus.” —Nees. The character of this genus is to have either her- maphrodite, or unisexual flowers, 2-celled anthers, and no staminodes: my plant has staminodes and her- maphrodite or bi-sexual flowers: the staminodes are large and conspicuous, flattened cordate at the base, perforated with pellucid points giving them quite a foliaceous appearance. Nees describes the species as dioicous, and speaks of the ovary as rudimentary in the male flowers; such apparently is not the case in the flowers I examined. I have another species from Ceylon so exactly cor- responding in appearance, that it seems impossible to distinguish the two plants, but in it the staminodes are wanting, hence it is a true Haasia which the Continental one is not, in as much as it has parts not present in the original species. ‘There is another plant in my collection, having much the habit of this genus, and wanting staminodes, but in it the anthers are 4-celled, showing that though it may belong to the “ Tribe,” it can scarcely belong to the genus. 1832. Sassarras PARTHENOXYLON (Nees, Laurus porrecta, Roxb.), leaves somewhat triplinerved, opaque: young corymbs terminal, appearing about the period of the expansion of the young leaves (cor- ymbulis terminalibus subanthesi foliolosis). Nees. Native of Sumatra, Roxburgh. The appearance of the figure, which is copied from Roxburgh's drawing in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, does not quadrate with either the above specific char- acter or with Roxburgh's description. I extract the following from Roxburgh's description. “Leaves al- ternate, petioled, veined, permanent, oblong, entire, generally acuminate, firm, both sides smooth, the upper polished, the under glaucous—3-6 inches long from 2-3 broad. Panicles lateral, scattered round the base of the young shoots, below their tender foliage, soli- tary, long peduncled, expanding, small, composed of a few diverging branchlets. Flowers numerous, pedi- celled, pale yellow, calyx border divided into six, alternately rather smaller, oblong, obtuse, expanding segments, which are somewhat hairy on the inside.” The drawing differs in showing the floriferous branch fully clothed with leaves, in other respects it corres- ponds with the description. 1833. CYLIcoDAPHNE WIGHTIANA (Nees, Tetran- thera Wightiana, Wall.), umbels racemose. Neilgherries, Courtallum, &c. A common rather large tree on the Neilgherries, at ra laa of from about 6000 feet to the top of the In this genus the flowers are dioicous. The male flowers usually 6-cleft, with 12 stamens, the interior six glanduliferous, extrorse and no staminodes. The female ones have 6 glanduliferous staminodes. The under of the leaves and racemes is clothed with rusty-brown pubescence. Fruit glabrous, the berry half immersed in the cup-shaped truncated tube of the perianth. There is as yet only one other species of the gen a native of Java, which is distingu وسين‎ the umbels closer together, hence “umbellelis spicatis,” constitutes its specific distinctive character. ۲ 18 7 This tree has a wide distribution; the figure is taken from specimens obtained in alpine forests on the Bolamputty Hills near Coimbatore, but I have it also from Bombay, Ceylon, and Mergui. This is a large and complex genus, exhibiting con- siderable differences in the flowers, in different spe- cies. The third or interior series of stamens have generally 2 glands at the base of each; but in this and some other species the perianth is depauperated and the number of stamens augmented; and the glands of the filaments, in place of being, as usual, sessile knobs, are elegant longish pedicelled, little spheres or globules: in the female the glanduliferous stamens are changed into somewhat strap-shaped staminodes, but retaining the glands. 1835. TETRANTHERA LIGUSTRINA (Nees), flowers apetalous, umbels axillary, usually solitary: leaves lan- ceolate obtuse, reticulately veined, glabrous, shining. Neilgherries, frequent, Courtallum, Sc. The pedun- cles of the umbels are represented a little too long. Nees assigns to this species solitary peduncles, but the plants from which the drawing was made show a plurality though they, undoubtedly, appear in all other respects the same species. They were obtained from the Neilgherries, and the excess may be the result of excessive luxuriance. 1836. TETRANTHERA PANAMANJA (Hamilt.), per- ianth six-cleft, umbels axillary and lateral, race- mose: racemes many -flowered, longer than the petiols : leaves oblong, acuminate at both ends: exterior fila- ments strigose. Courtallum. I introduce this species, though the figure is less perfect than I could have wished, as presenting a form very different from the preceding, and having the advantage of being named by Nees. The original specimens from which the species is taken up were gathered in Gualpara. Respecting my plant, Nees remarks, * variat foliis supra nitidissimis, racemis feminiis brevioribus (petiolo parum longiori- bus) rachi strictiori crassiorique.” The flowers are too young to admit of satisfactory analyses being made from them, but Ilearn from Nees' description of the species that it will belong to the genus Lepida- denia if modified as above proposed. LEPIDADENIA (Nees). “ Hermaphrodite. Stamens more than nine, the six inner ones furnished on the back with 2 sessile laminz. Anthers 4-celled. Inflorescence umbelled, involucrate. Leaves veined, oblique." Nees. When Nees constructed the above character he only knew one species, Z. Wighti My herbarium furnished me with several others, all agreeing in the essential characters of having umbellate involucred inflorescence, with the two interior rows of stamens glanduliferous, and introrse 4-celled anthers, but wanting the lamellate glands. These, whether correctly or otherwise, I have refer- red to this genus. Of the propriety of thus dis- posing of the two figured in Nos. 1839 and 40 doubts may be entertained as they are dioicous plants, and on that account, to form the type of a distinct genus, but as so little is known of the ori- ginal species I have thought it better to act on the „views explained above than to risk the multiplica- tion of genera in an order where they are already so numerous. The figures, so far as they go, will easily lobes of the perianth are wanting, and the number of stamens proportionably increased. But while they thus essentially correspond, they present numerous and interesting variations available for generic cha- racters. For example: In this tribe the rule is for the glanduliferous stamens to have introrse anthers ; Cylicodaphne has 6 of them, all extrorse, and is by that single mark thoroughly separated from all the rest. Polyadenia has all its stamens, 6-9, biglandu- liferous and introrse. Laurus has a 4-cleft perianth and 2-celled anthers; and lastly, Lepidadenia, as I un- derstand the genus, has 6 biglanduliferous stamens, and introrse anthers which distinguishes it from Cylicodaphne. Nees’ essential character of Tetran- thera is to have the 3 interior stamens glanduliferous, introrse, and no staminodes, but from these characters many of his species depart. I would therefore sug- gest that the genus be recast and the species distri- buted into the following groups, premising however that, as I know but few of the species myself, the groups are suggested and limited by characters de- duced from Nees’ descriptions. Ist. All those species corresponding with plates 1834-35 in wanting, or in having the number of lobes of the perianth reduced, and the number of stamens proportionably increased, and in having pedicelled capitate glands, I propose uniting into one genus to which Thunberg’s original name, Tomer, might be given. ~ 2d. Those having a perfect six-lobed perianth, 9 fertile stamens, the 3 interior ones glanduliferous, and no staminodes, to be combined under the existing name of Tetranthera. 3d. Those having a six-lobed perianth and 12 stamens, the six interior ones glanduliferous, even although the inner three are imperfect (only stami- nodes) yet, if the filaments are glanduliferous, I would still unite them all (without reference to the form or texture of the appendage) with the genus Lepida- denia—as done in the 4 new species I have added to that genus. 4th. Roxburgh's T. monopetala seems to form the type ofa new genus. It has 9 stamens and 12 glands —namely, the six exterior stamens (those next the perianth) have each one gland, and the 3 interior ones each two, a little above the base. "The interior six are normal, the exterior six so far abnormal as to justify generic value being attached. It is certainly awkwardly placed in a genus whose character is to have the 3 interior stamens, only, glanduliferous. Difficulties unquestionably lie in the way of thus simplifying the distribution of the numerous species i o this genus, owing P -e to epau on, or ار :ور‎ pn of some e parts, which some, if not indeed most, of the species ex- hibit; but still, I think, if the plan was attempted some means of obviating that difficulty might be dis- covered, and greatly lighten the labours of those engaged in determining either already-described spe- cies or finding a place for such as might be still unpublished. 1834. TETRANTHERA TOMENTOSA (Roxb.), flowers apetalous, umbels axillary, solitary, peduncled : leaves GEBE QUO Samer nes Rome نه‎ Soke ende, نکسم‎ bias the petiols and young branchlets, whitish tomen- Fw } the normal number. I have named it in honour of the founder of the genus. 1841. AcTINODAPHNE AUGUSTIFOLIA (Nees), leaves sub-verticelled, about six, oblong lanceolate, cuspi- dato-acuminate, glaucous, glabrescent beneath, nerves rusty-coloured: ramuli and petiols rusty-brown : fascicles of the flowers compound, lateral. Courtallum, Neilgherries, &c. This genus is distinguished from the preceding by the absence, even in form of staminodes, of the inte- rior row of stamens. This is a very conspicuous spe- cies from the great length and fine form of the leaves, the bright and delicate colour of which contrasts well with the tawny-coloured flower-buds. 1842. ACTINODAPHNE sPECIOSA (Nees), leaves round, cuspidate, many-nerved, (multuplinervibus) nerves thick below and,like the petiols and young branches, reddish-brown tomentose: flowers simply fascicled: staminodes in the female ones filiform, spathulate. . Ceylon. A considerable, erect, tall-growing tree. The leaves are very remarkable, large, nearly orbicu- lar, very thick and coriaceous, almost woody, bullate, glabrous, somewhat shining above; below reticulated with numerous thick rigid veins, clothed like the branches, petiols, flower-buds, and flowers, with a thick coating of very dark rusty-brown coarse to- mentum. In my specimens the flowers appear her- maphrodite, but the ovary is perhaps abortive, as Nees' were female, furnished with staminodes in place of fertile stamens. I received my specimens of this remarkable look- ing and rare tree, from the late Colonel Walker, who was so much struck with its aspect that he was desir- ous, on the supposition that it must form the type of a new genus, that it should have the honor of bear- ing his respected name. The figure does not convey a perfect idea of the aspect of the leaves, which indeed would be quite impossible with such artists as I have to work with. 1843. AcTINODAPHNE MELOCHINA (Nees), leaves Obovate, or elliptico-roundish, obtuse, somewhat tri- plinerved, rigid; the younger ones beneath, like the petiols and branches, brownish-rusty tomentose : female flowers simply fascicled, female staminodes oval, petaloid. Ceylon. In this, as in the preceding, my specimens are those of the male or hermaphrodite plant, while Nees’ were female, with sterile stamens. It has some- what the habit of the former but is very distinct. 1844. Lrrsma CEYLANICA Q (Nees), leaves ob- long, or lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, acuminate, triplinerved, glaucous beneath: ribs of the leaves petiols and young branches finely yellowish silky: flower-buds globose, contracted at the base. Ceylon, Malabar, Western slopes of the Neilgher- ries, &c. In a former plate, 132, I gave a figure of the male plant taken from an indifferent specimen. In this one, I have given the female to complete the representation of the species. The genus, as regards the discrimination of the species, is far from easy, and as I have several more in my collection, I now that I did not introduce some others which I might have done, but happened unfortunately when working on this most difficult order to be otherwise suffice for the discrimination of the species, and should better acquaintance with them render their removal from this genus desirable, it can then be done. 1837. LEPIDADENIA WicHTIANA (Nees), leaves ovate, oblong, somewhat tapering at both ends, ob- tuse, coriaceous, entire, glabrous, shining above, beneath finely pubescent, penninerved : umbels racemose : in- volucre 4-leaved, somewhat tomentose : flowers bisex- ual, stamens 12, the interior 6 all glanduliferous. Neilgherries. I have not been so fortunate as again to find this plant in the course of my recent excursions on the Hills. The figure accurately re- presents the specimen originally described by Profes- sor Nees. 1838. LEPIDADENIA GLABRATA (R. W., Tetran- thera glabrata, Nees), glabrous leaves oblong, lanceo- late acute at both ends, shortly acuminate, coriaceous ; glabrous shining abeve, pale beneath, penninerved : peduncles axillary, racemose: involucre 6-leaved, silky pubescent: perianth 6-parted; stamens 12, all fertile, the interior six glanduliferous. I have this species from several localities, Pulney Mountains, Neilgherries, and Mergui, from Griffith. The specimen represented agrees in every thing with Nees' description, except in what relates to the sta- mens, * Stamina fertilia 9, triplici serie, * * stamina sterilia 3 centro proxima, * * singulis glandulis obo- vatis subsessilibus a tergo stipita.” In my plants they seem all fertile, but even were it otherwise, I esteem this plant a truer congener with Lepida- denia than Tetranthera, and have therefore taken the liberty of removing it from the latter genus. 1839. LEPIDADENIA OVALIFOLIA (R. W.), dioi- cous, leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, pale (when dry, rusty-brown) beneath: umbels sessile, fascicled, axillary : involucre 4-leaved, slightly pubescent, perianth male, 4-6-part- ed, stamens 8-12, interior ones glanduliferous : female perianth 4- (always?) lobed, hairy within, bearing on the throat 4 sterile lanceolate glanduliferous stamens. Ceylon. I have not,so far as I am aware, met with this plant on the Continent. This is one of those about which I feel doubtful as to the propriety of placing it in this genus. 1840. LEPIDADENIA NEESIANA (R. W.), branchy, slender, apparently drooping, obsoletely 4-sided, rusty- tomentose: leaves coriaceous, oblong, oval, obtuse at both ends, shortly acuminate, or retuse at the apex ; smooth glabrous above, glaucous and pubescent, pen- ninerved beneath: nerves, petiols, and umbels, rusty- tomentose: umbels axillary, short pedicelled, aggre- gate: involucrum 4-leaved: perianth 8-cleft: sta- mens 16, the interior 8 glanduliferous, ovary appa- rently rudimentary. Malacca, Griffith. The leaves as regards the under surface are almost identical with those of Cylicodaphne Wightiana. In the plate they are represented too acute and acuminate, neither has the artist succeeded in giving a good idea of the branch which, in place of being straight and rigid, is gracefully curved, but want of room to do it justice must bear part of the blame. But for the anthers being all introrse I should have referred it to Cylicodaphne. 1 do not look upon the extra number of parts as important regret in this order as they are liable to oer: Set مو‎ flowers might even be found on the specimen (57 nate (nearly an inch in diameter); when fresh, one-half of a dark brownish-purple, the other pale yellowish, or cream-coloured. Corolla tubular, exceeding the bracteols, light blue, the lobes of the limb acutely turned back on the apex of the tube. I have dedicated this handsome genus to the Rev. Dr. Bernard Schmid of Ootacamund, whose botanical collections have extended our acquaintance with the Flora of the .Neilgherries and, but for the untimely death of Dr. Zenker, who had undertaken the pub- lication of these extensive and valuable materials, would have proved of the greatest value to subsequent explorers of the Flora of these elevated regions. Two genera, one of Grasses the other of Composite, have already, with the exception of a single letter, (the terminal t, which Dr. S. informs me does not belong to his name,) borne this name, and both are reduced. I trust this one will prove more fortunate. The genus is undoubtedly very nearly allied to both Meyenia and Hexacentris, but does not enter either. 1848. SCHMIDIA BICOLOR (R. W.). Western slopes of the Neilgherries below Sisparah. It is an extensive twiner and most conspicuous on account of its long racemes and large 2-coloured bracteoles, which are very remarkable. It flowers during the latter months of the year, and the fruit is ripe in February. I suspect it is a rare flow- ering plant, as I have twice visited the station in February and March, and only found a few seed : this season, 1850, I received specimens from three different persons, gathered in December and January. 1849. CASEARIA ELLIPTICA (Willd., D. C.), flowers 5-parted, ten-anthered: pedicels axillary, aggregated, 1-flowered : leaves elliptico-lanceolate, somewhat ser- rated, blunt, mucronate; the young ones velvety beneath. A ramous rather large shrub, not uncommon in Southern India in jungles near the coast, especially in rather rich moist soil. Itis frequent among the bushes usually found about old “ Bowries" near pa- godas. The leaves, if held between the eye and the light, are found perforated with numerous pellucid points in which there is a mixture of long and round ones, a peculiarity of such rare occurrence in the vegetable kingdom that it forms an ordinal character of much value. Roxburgh does not seem to have met with this species, as its flowers do not correspond with the character of those of any of his species. 1850. Gyrinors Warra (Gaertner). Ceylon. Of this genus this is the only species, hence it can have no specific character by which to distinguish it. The genus is distinguished by its tubular 5-cleft perianth, 5 sessile anthers opposite the lobes, a long stipitate ovary attenuated at the apex, a flattened globose stigma, and a long stipitate coriaceous capsule. The plant as seen in dried specimens is of a brown- ish-yellow colour, the leaves elliptic oblong, quite en- tire, somewhat obtusely acuminate at the point, mark- ed with finely transverse veins. Flowers yellow, about half an inch long, hairy in the throat and at the base of the tube, like the ovary. Endlicher assigns ita l-celled ovary and 2 pendulous ovules. I find in my specimen the ovary distinctly 2-celled with Ip une موا‎ partition as shown in P . much engaged and pressed for time, which is the only apology I can offer for this and some other over- sights which 1 have now reason to regret. 1845. Lıtsza OBLONGA (Nees), leaves oblong, narrow at the apex, bluntish acute at the base, tri- plinerved, uniformly coloured on both sides, scrobi- culately reticulated and, with the ramuli, glabrous. Courtallum. The drawing was made from speci- mens named by Nees. They seem to differ but little from Ceylanica, except in being destitute of white bloom on the under surface of the leaves. 1846. LEPIDADENIA GRIFFITHII (R. W.), every where glabrous: leaves oblong lanceolate, bluntish or sometimes cuspidate, coriaceous, slenderly penni- nerved, shining above, dull (when dried, brownish) beneath: umbels axillary, sub-racemose on short peduncles, long pedicelled: involucrum 4-leaved : perianth 6-lobed: stamens 12, six glanduliferous: perianth of the fruit cup-shaped, truncated, fruit globose. Malacca, Griffith. For the reasons stated above, 1 have referred this plant here. Its principal pecu- liarity consists in the great length of the pedicels of the umbels, in which respect it is an easily distin- guished species. The analyses of the flowers are taken from buds not quite opened, and may be incor- rect as regards the relative length of the stamens and lobes of the perianth. I suspect, too, that it is dioicous, but on that point do not feel certain. The leaves are represented too sharp-pointed, many of them being quite blunt. è 1847. Cassrra FILIFORMIS (Linn.), glabrous, spike simple, peduncled: flowers distinct, stamens of the outer series petaloid. A parasitic herbaceous plant, extensively distri- buted over India, common in low shrubby jungles. In jungles of this description near the Red Hills, a few miles from Madras, it is very abundant. It seems an unnatural proceeding to place this parasitic genus in the same family with the noble trees forming the bulk of this large order, but still it seems almost unavoidable so long as our ordinal characters are derived from the fructification, for in truth there is nothing in either the flowers or fruit to justify its removal. The habit, however, is so very remote from that of the rest of the order, that there seems but too good grounds, on that head alone, for following Lindley in separating it even though the flowers are so perfectly Laurinous. ScHmrpIA (R. W.). Gen. CHaR. Bracts 2, free to the base, calyx en- tire, very short. Corolla tubular, opening obliquely; limb 5-lobed, reflexed. Stamens sub-didynamous, inserted near the middle of the tube, incluse ; anthers 2-celled, straight, cells contiguous, parallel, prolonged below the point of attachment and each ending in a a longish subulate spur; no rudimentary filament. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each ; stigma entire, truncated: capsule globose at the base, ending in a conical beak, 2-celled. Seed sub-globose flattened next the partition.—A twining shrub, leaves opposite, broad ee Se ratam Sparse خپ‎ no, 3-5-nerved, us: racemes axillary, long, pendu- lous, many-flowered: bracts small, subulate; brac- teols large, sub-orbicular, reniform at the base, mucro- FE) are usually paired, axillary, very long, interrupted ; the flowers forming numerous sessile fascicles, not properly capitulate, as represented in the figure, but side by side on the rachis, without the least appear- ance of pedicel. The fruit.is an oval somewhat flat- tened nut, about an inch long, and half an inch broad, the seed exalbuminons, filling the whole cavity. The stamens shown in the figure are rudimentary, with- out pollen. 1855. HERNANDIA SONORA (Linn.), leaves peltate. The specimen from which the drawing was made Ireceived from Ceylon. I do not know whether it is indigenous there, but it is so in the Eastern Islands, and is figured by Rumphius in his Herbarium Amboi- nense. It is introduced here with a view to giving Indian Botanists the means of determining by com- parison, any new genus referable to this order. The glanduliferous stamens, similar to those of Lauracee, furnish a generic, not an ordinal, character. The other species have ovate leaves; hence the present is distinguished by the brief character given above. 1856. ELAAGNUS LATIFOLIA (Linn.), leaves ovate, oblong or elliptie, acute: flowers axillary, solitary or two or three together, fruit drupaceous, succulent, red. Common in alpine forests, very abundant on the Neilgherries where it forms a large almost arboreous climbing shrub. Ido not know in what respect this differs from Roxburgh's E. conferta, which, so far as I ean judge from description, it greatly resembles. Possibly his plant is not distinct from the Linnean one. The species of Eleagnus are now numerous, but the distinctive characters not always very obvi- ous as the species seem variable. 116 one here represented certainly is so. The fruit is edible, and moreover forms a good tart fruit. 1857. Pyrruosta HoRsFTEIDI (Blume), leaves alternate, oblong, acute, veined, rusty pubescent beneath: flowers capitato-panicled. Spreng. Ceylon. I am indebted to Mrs. Col. Walker for the very perfect drawing from which this plate is taken. The male branch is somewhat reduced, the female one, fig. 10, about the natural size, as are figs. 1, 2, and 3; from 4 to 9 are all magnified; 4, female flower opened, 5, in its usual state, 6, germen and stigma, 7, group of female flowers, 8, male flower opened, 9, the same in its usual state. This plant has thrice passed through the ordeal of naming. First, Willdenow called it Horsfieldia odorata. Sprengel reduced that name and called it Myristica Horsfieldii, which name I at first adopted; and then Blume gave it its present, which I hope may now be permanent, even though the distinction seems to be as much due to habit as to structural characters, which seem barely sufficient to keep the two genera distinct. The seed of this genus want the aromatic properties of the true nutmeg. 1858. ARISTOLOCHIA LANCEOLATA (R, W.), leaves short petioled, sub-cordato-truncated at the base, tapering to the point, glabrous : flowers axillary, soli- tary, or paired, pedicels exceeding the petiol: lip of the calyx linear obtuse, somewhat calcarate at the base. No station is mentioned, but I think I obtained Madras. As a species it is nearly allied to A. Indica, but I believe quite distinct. E acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, leaves. ` ised the specimens from the Balaghaut Mountains near 1851. BLACKWELLIA TETRANDRA (R. W.), leaves ovate, bluntly serrated, abruptly sub-acuminate : spikes about the length of the leaves, erect: limb of the perianth 8-parted, the interior lobes larger, in- termediate glands sessile on the throat: stamens four, exserted, stigmas 4, filiform. The station whence my specimens were obtained is not mentioned, but I have it from several stations ; the Pulney Mountains, I think, one of them. In the analysis the artist has represented a 3-carpelled ovary and four stigmas. This I find an error, as on re- examination I can easily find 4-placentas, not three, as shown in the plate. As however his skill in making these dissections is greater than mine, and his sight better, I hardly feel myself at liberty to set this discrepancy down as an error, since it seems possi- ble he may have stumbled on an accidental variety. According to theory, there should either be 2 or 4, not three; the latter I found in several instances. 1852. Taestum Wieutianum (Wall), suffruti- cose, diffuse, procumbent: leaves narrow linear or somewhat subulate : flowers terminal, solitary on the points of the young shoots, 5-cleft, minute ; lobes of the perianth ciliate. Anthers roundish, glabrous. Neilgherries, frequent in grassy pastures. A very inconspicuous plant, but from its abundance not likely to be overlooked. This, so far as I am aware, is the only species of the genus found.in Southern India. One species is described by Mr. Edgeworth from the Himalayas, but it is very different from this, having racemose flowers. In this species the flowers are usually solitary, surrounded with a whorl of 4 leaves, the outer pair larger; sometimes there are two flowers from the same branch, but so far as I have noticed this is rather rare. The hairy anthers which have accidentally found their way into the upper corner of the plate do not belong to this plant. 1853. Osyris WiauriANA (Wall.), shrubby, very ramous, everywhere glabrous ; young shoots 3-sided, with prominent sharp angles: leaves from oblong elliptico-lanceolate to elliptic obovate, mucronate : male flowers umbellato-capitulate, peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, 6-8-flowered, female pedun- cles axillary, 1-3-flowered, lengthening as the fruit advances: ovary conical limb of the perianth 3- lobed, spreading: anthers often polleniferous, style short, stigma 3-lobed. An alpine plant, found on almost every high range of hills. I have specimens from all quarters, Ceylon, Ghauts near Bombay, Pulneys, Neilgherries, Belgaum, &c. It does not however seem to extend so far north as the Himalayas. Among my specimens I find some of the male flowers covered with short thick hairs as shown in the plate, others perfectly smooth. The difference I think accidental, and not of specific value. 1854. Sarcostiema Kern, (W. & A.) Courtallum, Alway in Malabar (near Cochin). This is the only species yet known of the genus, and the male flower has yet to be discovered. It is a climb- ing branchy shrub with alternate short petioled, ob- long oval, The venation in the dried specimen appears raise and minutely reticulate from the shrinking of the parenchymatous matter of the leaf. The racemes (17) When naming the drawing I inadvertently referred this genus to Thymalee, the order in which it was formerly placed, instead of to Olacinee, the one to which it really belongs. The part represented at fig. 8 of the plate, is a group of young fruit, and is quite correctly shown, with the exception of the hairs, which do not belong to them. They have the appearance of some taken from a pod of Mucuna, or capsule of a ۵ which had adhered to them in the vasculum, and which, through the carelessness of the artist, are in- troduced as if part of the plant. EUPHORBIACEAE. This, though a very large order (200 genera and about 2500 species) and complex in its affinities, is yet one which may be said to’ be generally easily recognized by the almost constant presence of a few easily-observed marks. The flowers are very constantly unisexual, or in other words the stamens and pistil are in different flowers. The ovary is about as constantly 3-celled, with the ovules—one or two—pendulous from the top of the cell. The seed moreover are generally albu- minous. It may, perhaps will, be objected to the first of these that, in Euphorbia, the type of the order, the flowers are bisexual, or have both male and female flowers within the same calyx. This is apparent, not real, the supposed calyx being a cup-shaped in- volucre, each stamen within which is a distinct male flower, and, as in those of a sun-flower or other Com- posita, they open in succession, never more than two or three being apparent at the same time, though the involucre is full of others progressively pushing to the light. They for the most part have each one or more bracts at the base of the pedicel, and in some species a rudimentary calyx at the joint where the pedicel ends and the flower begins. ‘The same is the case with the fructiferous flower which is at first within the cup, then the pedicel gradually elongates until the ovary and styles, which in fact constitute the whole female flower, appear beyond it. Some- times however it, too, has a distinct though rudimen- tary calyx, as shown in the following plates. That this explanation, of the economy of these curious flowers, is not a case of stretching a point to support a fanciful theory may be learned from the Fig, which is just such another involucre, covered inside with flowers: females below; males round the apex. The Rose, too, furnishes an example of the same kind, the hip or fruit of which is an involucre studded all over with female flowers, each having its own style, which, protruding beyond the throat of the involucre, mixes with the exterior stamens and thereby fertilizes the ovary within. The numerous genera of the order are grouped into tribes, first according to the number of ovules in each cell of the ovary, and then according to the greater or less perfection of the flowers. The following are the essential characters of the “Tribes,” which I copy from Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom. Ist. Evpnorsrex. Ovule solitary. Seeds albu- minous. Flowers moneecious, apetalous, male and female mixed in a cup-shaped involucre. 1859. (GNIDIA ERIOCEPHALA (Meisner, Gardner), shrubby, branches dichotomous, young shoots leafy : leaves alternate, short petioled, lanceolate, acute, mucronate ; slightly tapering towards the base, glab- rous on both sides: heads of flowers terminal, many- flowered, involucrate : scales of the involucre ovato- lanceolate, acute; silky pubescent on both sides: flowers pentamerous, clothed with long white hairs. A common plant in alpine and sub-alpine jungle. It is very common on the Neilgherries, but I have met with it in many localities ; it is also a native of Ceylon, and I think of the Tenasserim Provinces. Professor Meisner described this plant, under the same name previous to Mr. Gardner, I therefore give him as the original authority for the name, but adopt Gardner's character, as being constructed to distin- guish it from another which Meisner had not seen. 1860. GNIDIA Sısparensıs (Gardner), sub-arbo- reous, branches dichotomous, young shoots glabrous, leafy at the apex: leaves alternate, sub-sessile, ob- long, obtuse or slightly retuse, glabrous on both sides: heads of flowers terminal, many -flowered, involucrate : scales of the involucre ovate oblong, obtuse, silky- villous on both sides: flowers pentamerous, clothed externally with long brownish hairs. Sisparah, Western slopes of Neilgherries, on the margins of woods, common. In its general aspect this plant is so like the other that it might be passed “as such, but on closer examination it proves a very distinct species. The point that first attracted my attention was the difference in the colour of the hairs of the heads of flowers, tawny brown in this, almost snow-white in that: further examination showed many other minute differences. 1861. CansserA RHEEDM (Gmelin) shrubby, scan- dent, young shoots velvety: leaves short, petioled, broad ovato-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, somewhat succulent: spikes axillaty or paired, compact: rachis and tube of the calyx densely clothed with short appressed hairs: calyx 4-5-cleft, stamens 4-5: sta- minodes fleshy, somewhat 3-toothed at the apex: fruit oval, about the size of a common bean. The plant here figured is not by any means rare in Southern India, and is evidently the same as Rheede’s, Hort. Mal. 7-t. 2, but possibly not the same as Roxburgh's C. scandens, for which he quotes Hort. Mal. 7-t. 4. as most correctly representing it, remarking, at the same time, that the other, *7 tab. 2, appears to be the same plant.” My impression is that they are distinct species. This remark applies to the plate only, for I have not the description by me for reference. However that may be, I hope justice will in future be done to Gmelin by the adoption of his name which, so far as Ican make out, can claim 7 or 8 years priority in its favour. There are however 2 species in India, one with fruit about the size of the common horse- bean, such as are here represented, and the other, having fruit as large as a full-sized olive. The former is the Cansjera scandens of Roxburgh, the latter, Ximenea olacioides, W. & A. Unfortunately I did not discover this until long after the plate was printed, otherwise both forms might have been in- cluded in it. The plant and flowers seem the same, or nearly so in both, the fruit only differs, and that most conspicuously, in size, and to some extent in structure. . (3 ) can, and as if to show its inability to raise itself high- er, we find in some genera petals in the male flower but wanting in the female. Coinciding then with those who view separation of sexes in plants as an indication of a lower grade of development than their union in the same flower, I would, in any ar- rangement I had to propose, place this order among the diclinous ones. This Lindley has done in his “ Vegetable Kingdom” and, to my mind, thereby great- ly improved on the arrangement of his Nixus, and the 2d edition of his Natural System, in which last and in Endlicher's Genera Plantar. it has always ap- peared to me misplaced and stationed among unsuit- able company. 1862. EvrnonBrA مت(‎ (Hamilton), branches round, naked below, leafy on the apex: stipulary spines naked, paired, spiral: leaves terminal tongue- shaped, mucronate, fleshy. Arid rocky hills near Coimbatore, also frequent in similar localities in the Madura District. This plant attains the size of a large shrub. The branchlets come off in whorls of four. The leaves are deciduous during the cool season and the plant is usually naked in January and February. In March, when being elothed with new foliage, the flowers make their appearance. The first that opens is usually sterile (that is, wanting the pistil), which is shortly after followed by two lateral fertile ones (furnished with both male and female organs), which ripen their seed in April and May. The stamens, or more pro- perly the male flowers, are each furnished at the base with a large obovate cuniate fringed bract, but is des- titute of the calycine appendage at the joint. - The leaves are from 4 to 6 inches long by from 13 to 2 broad, near the apex, whence they taper to- wards the base ; smooth shining glabrous, quite entire, succulent. In the above description, I have spoken of the flowers as understood by Linnxus and the older Botanists, not as viewed by modern ones, that is, as an involucre containing an indefinite number of monan- drous male flowers surrounding a solitary female one, supported on a more or less elongated pedicel by which it is protruded beyond the cup of the involucre ; the whole together forming not a single flower, but a capitulum, as in Composite. 1863. EuPHORBIA TRIGONA (Roxb.), shrubby, erect, 3-sided with prominent repand angles : stipulary spines 2 or sometimes 4: leaves deciduous obovate, . cuniate: peduncles above the axils, 3-flowered ; the middle one sterile the lateral ones fertile : flowering after the fall of the leaves. Rocky arid hills near Coimbatore, flowering Feb- ruary and March. 'The drawing was made from a young plant which flowered in my garden. The leafy branch exhibits the plant in leaf, the flowering one was taken from a branch which flowered for the first time and only produced male flowers. The dissected flowers were obtained from wild plants, perhaps, too young, as the female flower is almost sessile not as usually seen, supported on a long pedicel. The vertical section at No. 5, shows the gradation of male flowers which continue, for some weeks, suc- cessively to appear above the edge of the involucrum. The tube of the involucre is filled with numerous I deeply lobed and fringed bracts. * The sterile wer is nearly sessile, the fertile ones pedicelled. Dalechampsia is placed in this tribe, but does not well accord with its character. Judging from the Indian species only, this genus would require a tribe for itself. 2d. Hreromanem. Ovules solitary. Flowers apet- alous, in spikes: -bracts one- or many-flowered. 3d. AcanyrHE=. Ovule solitary. Flowers apet- alous, in clustered spikes or racemes. 4th. CRorowzz. Ovule solitary. Flowers usually having petals, in clusters, spikes, racemes, or panicles. In this tribe the higher development of the flowers, as shown by the presence of petals, is made use of in grouping. 5th. PHYLLANTHEZE. Ovules in pairs. Stamens in the centre of the flower. 6th. Buxxz. Ovules in pairs. Stamens inserted beneath the sessile rudiment of an ovary. Tilustrations of each of these tribes will be found in the following plates, in which I have made it a principal object to represent as many genera as pos- sible; about 40 having found places, in this series, will give a fair idea of the Indian branch of the order. More of course might have been given, but other orders must in that case have suffered, as my space is now limited. On the affinities of this order and the place it should occupy in the system of vegetables, two ad- verse opinions prevail, Jussieu and his followers believing that its proper place is in the diclinous apet- alous class; while Lindley and those who coincide in opinion with him place it among the polypetalous orders, as one “ losing its petals in part of its spe- cies.” Lindley says, “ But if, instead of considering the imperfectly developed genera of Europe as typi- cal of the true structure of the order, we look to those of tropical countries, we find tliat the apetalous character by no means holds good in them............ upon looking through the genera described by Adrien de Jussieu in his monograph, it appears that out of 61 genera no fewer than 32 have petals. The tenden- cy of the order is, therefore, at least as great to form petals as to want them. Now if this be so, and the separation of sexes is disregarded, it will be found,” &c. Such being the two sides of the question, I do not presume to sit as umpire between the adverse parties, but would ask in my own name, Why disregard the separation of the sexes? why throw out of consideration a circumstance so very constant throughout the large assemblage of plants brought together under this family name? If separation of sexes is, as it gene- rally is, to be viewed as an indication of diminished perfection in the floral development, then the very extraordinary circumstance of about 2500 species, all belonging to one natural order and all agreeing in that particular, seems at once to stamp the order as one which ought to occupy a lower grade in the series than those furnished with the most perfect and com- plex floral organization met with in the vegetable kingdom. Add to the universal imperfection of sex- ual separation, the want, in at least one half the species, of one of the floral verticels and in man: others both, and we can scarcely, I think, help arriv- ing at the conclusion that, in place of this being a polypetalous order, losing its petals in a part of its species, it is in truth a most unequivocal diclinous one, striving, as it were, to raise itself in the scale, by get- ting them in as many of its species as it possibly (1) show how perfectly identical the characters of the two plants are. The figures 1, 2, 3, in the plate, are taken from young flowers not perfectly opened. Fig 7, exhibits one of those rare cases showing a tendency to a return to moncecious habit by the production of a female flower at the base of the spike. The character of the tree, if moncecious, is to have the female flowers on sepa- rate branches. 1866. Fatconera MALABARICA (R. W.), stamens somewhat exserted: ovary 3-celled; petiols glandu- liferous at the apex Malabar, and Western slopes of the Neilgherries. We are indebted to Dr. Royle for the genus Fal- conera, founded on two Nepaul trees. The peninsu- lar species differs from both his in its 3-carpellary 3-celled ovaries, his having only two; in all other respects my plant perfectly agrees with his, and ap- proaches so near F. Wallichiana, of which I have a male specimen, that I should probably have referred it to that species but for its 3-celled ovaries, and the petiols being glanduliferous at the apex, in place of the base. Dr. Royle refers the genus to the order Antidismee, which somewhat surprises me, as it is evidently Eu- phorbiaceous, and indeed so near Sapium that I think it might have been admitted into that genus without much straining, and I almost suspect will yet be re- ferred to it. The habit is adverse, and its very de- cided dicecious character may probably keep the two genera distinct, but scarcely the floral structure. In support of this view, I shall introduce into my next part illustrations of the genus Sapium. 1867. GELONIUM LANCEOLATUM (Willd.), leaves lanceolar, entire: flowers crowded but distinct: sta- mens numerous: capsules tricoccous. Balaghaut Mountains, near Madras. Roxburgh, who describes this plant from Bengal specimens, does not seem to have met with it to the Southward. Willdenow, however, the authority for the species, received his specimens from Dr. Klein, whose researches did not extend much beyond Madras. The leaves are perfectly glabrous, quite entire, some- what coriaceous, and in ing become of a pale greenish-yellow colour. In the plate I find I have erroneously quoted Roxb., in place of Willdenow, as the authority for the ‘species. 1868. AnpELIA NERIEFOLIA (Roxb.), shrubby ; را‎ alternate, linear lanceolate: spikes axillary, solitary. ; In low moist soil on the banks of streams and ca- nals, not uncommon. I have often met with it in the Carnatic. In the Coimbatore district it is frequent in such localities. 1869. ADELIA RETUSA (J. Graham), a low shrub, leaves alternate, sessile, obovate cuniate, retuse, slightly crenate : flowers axillary two or three together, stamens very numerous. Banks of the Cavery about Errode, frequent, Deccan generally, Gibson; Circars, Walter Elliot, Esq. The drawing is taken from specimens gathered on the banks of the Cavery, most likely the produce of seed carried down by the stream from the Deccan. I have not got the female plant. Roxburgh obtained the plants from which his de- scription was taken from Malacca, but they seem to correspond so well with mine that I could not ven- ture to view the 2 plants as distinct species. Figures 8 and 9 of the plate show the two kinds of flowers, as seen after the removal of the involucre. 1864. EurHoRBIA Rormana (Spreng. E. leta, Roth.), leaves oblong lanceolate, tapering towards the base, glabrous: whorl 3-5-branched with occasionally several axillary branches below: branches 2 or, in old plants, 3 times dichotomous, with broad cordate sub-perfoliate bracts at each fork: flowers solitary in the fork: ends of the glands of the involucre pro- longed, tooth-like : involucre ciliate on the margin: stamens furnished at the base with a filiform pube- scent scale, seed glabrous. A very common alpine plant, found on nearly all the higher hills that I have visited. I have speei- mens from Mahablishwar, and Ceylon, and from numerous intermediate stations. It seems curious that a plant so extensively distributed should be so imperfectly known. I cannot find any description that accords with this plant, and adopt the present name because I feel sure that I can quote an autho- rity for it, but not a satisfactory one, in as much as Roth describes a rather rare variety; but on the other hand, Mr. Bentham has, in Wallich’s list, ranged Heyne’s E. leta, and my E. segetalis (this plant) under the same number, as being identical. I do not how- ever expect that when the genus has been thoroughly revised that the name here given can be. retained. Roxburgh's E. glauca seems to be this plant, but Isuspect not Willdenow's, which is from New Zea- land. In characterizing this species, I have avoided the term umbel, as applied to the terminal whorl of floriferous branches, on the supposition that it is erro- neous, as shown by the often many similar lateral سس‎ which spring from the axils of the leaves ow. PE 1865. Excmcaria CRENULATA (R. W.), arbore- ous, dicecious or rarely moncecious, leaves opposite, oblong, lanceolate, crenulate, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous: male spikes axillary or from the ends of the branchlets, solitary: anterior bract entire, coria- ceous on the margin, the small lateral ones and sepals membranous, fimbriato-serrated : female spikes axil- lary, 2-3-flowered : bracts and sepals as in the male. A rather common small tree in alpine jungles. I have gathered it in many localities, but have rarely met with it exceeding a foot or 18 inches in circum- . ference but tall in proportion; from 20 to 30 or even ` 40 feet in height. The whole plant is very milky and the milk very acrid. On one occasion, when cutting down a tree, I saw instantaneous and intense oph- thalmia produced by a particle of the milk acciden- tally falling on the T. It seems curious this tree should remain still undescribed, for I have often met with it. In its relations it stands next to Griffith's E. o sitifolia, and is so near, that it seems difficult to define their limits, though certainly distinct. Griffith in his remarks on E. gree observes that “although it presents differences, especially in habit, from Excecaria, I have considered it best to refer it to that genus.” To show the soundness of this con- clusion I have given analyses (Fig. B. in the plate of E. Agallorha, the type of the genus, which wil m) Malabar, Neilgherries, and in sub-alpine forests along the Ghauts, not unfrequent. This plant corresponds in so many important par- ticulars with Roxburgh’s description, that I could scarcely venture to give it a new specific name on account of the discrepancies it presents while unac- quainted, except by description, with his plant. Mine differs in its panicled terminal inflorescence, and the rusty-brown colour of the pubescence on the young shoots and under-surface of the young leaves. That on the latter afterwards becomes pale, and in some specimens whitish. The inflorescence is also at first tawny but, like the leaves, becomes paler. ‘The stigmas in my plant do not quite correspond, “ styles ths three-cleft, segments hairy; stigmas simple,” in his; in mine, the stigmas arelarge tongue-shaped and plumose, but on the other hand the capsules “ covered with pretty long hairy filaments" is a character so marked and peculiar, combined in both with peltate leaves, that nothing short of an inspection of original specimens could set it aside. I have another species with peltate leaves, but not otherwise corresponding. The female calyx in both is 4-lobed, in mine the number of cells of the ovary varies, three or four. Ihave not seen ripe fruit. 1874. CROTON UMBELLATUM (Willd.), leaves ovate oblong, acuminate, entire, glabrous on both sides: flowers umbelled, terminal. Courtallum, and elsewhere in sub-alpine jungles. I am uncertain whether this shrub is a genuine number of the genus as now defined, but it is certainly Will- denow’s plant, as I possess original authentic speci- mens thus named from Klein’s Herbarium. 1875. FLUGGEA LEUCOPYRUS (Willd.). ۸ common shrub in low stunted jungle, but so vari- able that I apprehend there are more than one species in India, though one only has yet been named and described. On the Eastern slopes of the Neilgherries a very distinct form occurs in great abundance, flow- ering during the earlier months of the year, and much more luxuriant than any I have seen on the plains. It is perhaps a distinct species, a point which I regret to say I have never determined by careful comparison. The plant here represented, corresponds, in regard to the female flower and fruit, with Willde- now's description, but not with Roxburgh's, as the latter assigns three 2-cleft stigmas and a 3-celled fruit in place of 2 two-cleft styles and a 2-celled, fruit. If both are correct, it seems to imply that there are two species. 1876. Purranziva Roxsurenn (Wallich), leaves alternate, narrow oblong, acutely serrulate : flowers triandrous ; filaments more or less coalesced: drupes ovate. Paulghaut Jungles. The plant here represented I find accurately cor- responds with Roxburgh’s description, so far as my specimens permit comparison, for, unfortunately, I have not succeeded in finding the male tree. Dr. Royle has published in his Illustrations of the Hima- layan Flora, figures, under the same name, of what appears to me a distinct species. His plate repre- sents a tree with elegant drooping branches, entire, somewhat elliptie, obtuse leaves; solitary female flowers, and globose fruit: presenting altogether an : 3 F : 1870-71. TREWIA NUDIFLORÆ (Linn.), arboreous leaves ovate oblong, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous : male racemes long, pendulous: female flowers solitary or paired, styles 3-4, long plumose. An extensively distributed tree: common about Coimbatore on the banks of tanks and near water courses, flowering during the hot Spring months. The history of this plant is curious. It was first made known through the medium of an indifferent figure in the Hort. Malab. (1 tab. 42). Linnzus thence took it up and named it, but apparently without having seen a specimen as his character is very faulty, and he places it in his class Polyandria Monogynia. Burman (Fl. Indica) followed and, apparently being equally unprovided with good materials, placed it in the class and order Monecia, Tetrandria, quoting Linn. and Rheede. Willdenow, having got specimens, next de- scribed it in ۵ periodical publication, under the nàme of Rottlera Indica. Subsequently, becoming aware that his Rottlera was the Linnean Trewia, he re- duced his genus and adopted the older one, but with a slight error in the generic character, * masculi, cal. 3-phyllus.” In the interval, Gartner had obtained a fruit, a figure and analysis of which he published, but with the error of representing the seed exalbuminous! Roxburgh, being well acquainted with this tree, gave an amended and correct generic character, pointing out Gertner’s error, by describing the embryo as “inverse and amply furnished with a perisperm” (albumen). Endlicher omitted it altogether in the body of his Genera Plant., but afterwards gave it in his 3d Supplement. And Lindley, in the second edi- tion of his Natural System, misled I presume by Gartner, made it the type of a new order, in which he was followed by Meisner. Lastly, Dr. Klotch, having obtained access to good materials, published a revised character, showing that it was truly a Euphorbiaceous plant, and has thus finally cleared up the botanical uncertainties which had previously attached to this very common tree. In-his generic character, Dr. Klotch describes the calyx of the male flower as “diphyllus foliolis pro- funde bifidis.” I have not at this time (November) recent flowers before me to determine this point, but so far as it can be made out from dried ones, carefully softened, I cannot make out that structure ; the calyx appearing to me distinctly 4-sepaled. 1872. HemicycLia SEPIARIA (W. and A.) a large ramous dicecious shrub, with alternate, elliptic, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, leaves: axillary, usually ted, longish pedicelled flowers: male flower 8-androus with 4 sepals: female subsessile, peduncle afterwards elongating: ovary seated in a fleshy disk, 2-celled, crowned with 2 sessile, semicircular, stigmas (hence the generic name), fruit drupaceous, globose, one-seeded by the abortion of the other ovule: seed somewhat lenticular, arilled at the base: embryo cen- tral, cotyledons foliaceous, enclosed in copious albumen. My specimens, which were obtained from the neigh- bourhood of Tuticorin, are deficient in female flowers, hence their absence in the plate. The wood of this shrub seems to be very hard and close-grained, something like box. 1873. RoTTLERA PELTATA ( Roxb. و(‎ arboreous, leaves long petioled, cordato-peltate, acuminate, downy ; racemes terminal and lateral, solitary (always ?), cap- sules covered with villous filaments. Roxb. C97 [ in detail the monochamideous orders. In the course of that examination I was led to the conclusion that my first view of its affinities was erroneous, and that it is a truly Euphorbiaceous plant. Of this genus I possess two, perhaps three, species, viz. the present, one from Ceylon, and one from Malacca. Of the Ceylon one 1 still feel somewhat un- certain, as it greatly resembles the Continental plant, and I have not seen male flowers; but the Malacea one departs so widely that I am doubtful whether it may not furnish the type of a new genus. The fol- lowing copy of a note, attached to the specimen, which I wrote when I first examined it, will explain this. The specimen was sent by Mr. Griffith, labelled simply, * Goughia? ? Malacca.” The reply to the query is, “ I suspect not, the flowers here being regu- lar, viz. sepals 4, stamens 4, opposite the sepals, with a central elevated hairy receptacle or abortive ovary. In this plant, moreover, the pollen is globose and his- pid, in the Neilgherry one, glabrous and angular. The habit and form of the leaves of the two, however, per- fectly agree, with the exception of the inflorescence’ which in the Malacca plant is paniculato-umbellate ; (each ramulus of the panicle only in simple umbel of 8 or 10 short pedicelled flowers). The female flower, when discovered, may reduce the value of these differences.” On reconsidering the question now, I attach less weight to the above differences than I did then, and think that a slight modification of the generic charac- ter will serve to retain them in the same genus. As regards habit and family likeness, they are brothers. The generic character, should the structure of the female flower admit of their union, might be thus modified: Dicecious: male-perianth, sepals 4, imbri- cating, or rudimentary or wanting. Stamens, in sepal- ed flowers, 4, opposite the sepals, when the sepals are wanting, 8 or sometimes fewer (6-7) by abortion: when 4, inserted round the base of a rudimentary ovary: anthers, &c. The specific differences will then be— 1. G. Griffithiana, male flowers 4-sepaled, 4-an- drous. Leaves petioled, sub-obovate, very obtuse; (turning yellow in drying): inflorescence panicled, each ramulus of the panicle ending in a small simple umbel of 8-12 short pedicelled flowers. 2. G. Neilgherrensis, male 8-androus, sepals rudi- mentary or wanting. The Ceylon form, though it looks distinct, does not, the male plant being unknown, furnish sufficient speci- fic marks for its separation from the Neilgherry one. 1878-79. Goventa NEILGHERRENSIS (R. W.). A small tree common on the Neilgherries, Pulneys, Ceylon ? flowering during the autumnal months, but may I believe be met with in flower at all seasons. The leaves have a tendency to turn yellow in drying like those of Symplocacee, but after a time become dark-brown. ‘Those of the Malacca plant are quite | as yellow as a Symploicos. 1880. MicroeLus ROEPERIANUS (W. and A., Edn. Phil. Journal, Stylodiscus trifoliatus, Bennett, in Hors- field’s Java plants, Andrachne trifoliata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. This is the only species of the genus and has a wide range: Java, Bengal, Circar Mountains, and the Southern Peninsula as far as Courtallum, and I be- lieve it extends considerably to the sonth of that. aspect very different from our tree. Though aware of these differences, when naming my drawing, I adopted the same specific name, under the conviction that this is really the plant Roxburgh describes. In regard to the natural order of this genus, Wal- lich and Royle coincide in referring it to Myricacee. Endlicher considers it a sub-order, allied to Antidesmee ; while Meisner makes it the type of the Putranjivee order. Ido not clearly understand on what ground so much discrepancy of opinion prevails as I can see no reason for considering it other than a purely Eu- phorbiaceous plant of the tribe Buxee, with which it accords in every particular of the slightest moment. I find that I coincide with Lindley in this view, he placing the genus in the same order and tribe that I had done, as the result of independent examination. 1877. Sarcococca TRINERVIA (R. W.), leaves bifarious, 3-nerved, oblong lanceolate, entire, acumi- nate at both ends, glabrous: spikes axillary, dense, about the length of the petiols, male flower above, female below. Neilgherries, Pulney Mountains. This is a common and very pretty shrub on the Neilgherries, especially in woods where it appears as an undershrub. ‘The leaves are a very bright lively green, somewhat paler beneath, the flowers pale yel- lowish, but certainly not conspicuous. The only other species of this genus is a native of Nepaul and Ceylon, and differs from this in having ovate acuminate not 3-nerved leaves. Apart from the flowers, which have no beauty, this is a rather pretty evergreen, always covered with lively green handsome foliage. * Govama (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Diecious, male perianth rudimentary or wanting, consisting, when present, of a few almost inconspicuous scales attached to the apex of the pedicel. Stamens about 8 (sometimes 6 or 7 by abortion), filaments short ; anthers large, oblong, mu- cronulate, 2-celled, bursting longitudinally. Female perianth 4-lobed, often rudimentary. Ovary free, 2- celled with two pendulous ovules in each; styles 2, short, reflexed, each ending in a flattened papillose stigma. Fruit sub-baccate, ovoid, crowned with the persistent styles, one-seeded by abortion. Seed ovoid, embryo minute in the apex of a large soft fleshy albumen, radicle superior. A rather small very ramous tree: leaves alternate, elliptic, obtuse, entire, glabrous, dark green above, glaucous beneath, inflo- rescence racemose; racemes axillary on the young terminal shoots of the season: flowers small, anthers purplish or brownish-red: female, greenish: fruit pulpy, purplish when ripe. This very distinct genus was dedicated, in MS., upwards of 10 years ago, to my much esteemed friend Mr., now the Hon’ble, George Gough, at that time engaged, in company with Captain Munro, in explor- ing the Neilgherry flora, from whom I then received specimens. It affords me much pleasure, at this late date, to find it stillan unpublished genus, and to be thereby enabled to publish it under the name it has so long borne in my Herbarium. Had I not felt uncer- tain as to the natural سف‎ heat e سس‎ difficulty in satisfying mysel ould have publis it long ago. Ma time I thought it referable to Antidesmee, but not feeling certain I thought it well to delay its publication until I had leisure to examine ( 22 ) one under consideration, and at the same time to compare the distinctive characters, which I did not previously quite understand, of Mappa and Macaranga, which I was prevented doing when naming the draw- ing preparatory to sending it to the Lithographer. The distinction I now find is confined to a single point of the structure of the female flower, and that without it, the two genera are undistinguishable. In Mappa the female flower has 2 or 3 styles, and the ovary as many cells: in Macaranga it has one style and a one-celled ovary. This solitary distinction is however strengthened by geographical distribution, Mappa being confined, so far as yet known, to the Eastern Archipelago while the Asiatic division of Macaranga seems equally limited to the Indian Peninsula. Blume, for example, enumerates 5 spe- cies of Mappa from Java, while I can produce four (including Roxburgh’s Osyris peltata, No. 817, of this work) of Macaranga from the Peninsula. As re- gards foliage, it may be stated that, judging from Blume’s characters, the leaves of Mappa have a greater tendency to elongation and to assume an ovate outline than those of Macaranga, all of which are orbicular at the base with a rather abrupt acumi- nation at the apex. That shown in the plate, with the exception of the dentation which is too marked, may be taken as the outline of all the rest; which may be thus briefly distinguished. 1. M. Indica, flowers 6-8-androus, bracts glandu- lose. Neilgherries. 2. M. tomentosa, flowers 2-3-androus, bracts folia- ceous, obovate, cuniate, tomentose. Malabar. 3. M. Roxburghii, flowers triandrous, bracts ovate, acute, serrated. Circars. 4. M. flexuosa, flowers 3-5-androus, bracts at the forks of the panicles foliaceous, coarsely serrate, at the glomerules glanduliferous. Courtallum. Of all these it is my intention by and bye to give, in a single piate, analytical figures so as to show their differences by contrast. Blume's genus Pachystemon, as regards the male plant, has so much the habit of this genus that I at first supposed it à monandrous species of one of the two genera. It however differs not merely in the reduced num- ber, but also in the structure of the stamen, which is tridymous, that is, has a 3- in place of a 4-celled anther, like all the preceding. Like them the num- ber of stamens differ, 1 being the usual number, but two are sometimes present. 1884. CLAOXYLON DIGYNUM (R. W.), diccious: leaves alternate, ovate lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous: male flowers glomerate, spicate: spikes axillary, slender, about the length of the leaves : calyx 3-parted : stamens numerous: females spikes equal- ing the leaves: flowers sessile: calyx 4-lobed: o 2-celled, with two long subulate styles: capsule 2- coccous : cocci sub-globose, pubescent. Ceylon. I know nothing of this plant beyond what I learn from the specimens, which I gathered many years ago in Ceylon. They are unaccompanied by any notes, or memorandum of the plant, or where they were obtained. 1885. BALIOSPERMUM POLYANDRUM (R. W., Cro- ton Roxb.), leaves oval, often lobed, toothed, or coarsely and remotely serrated: spikes Mr. Bennett, not being aware of our prior name, gave it the one quoted above, accompanied by a full descrip- tion and some remarks on its affinities. The two generic names merit a passing notice. Microelus— a little nail—is in allusion to the rudimentary style of the male flower, the top of which is flattened like the head of a nail. Stylodiscus evidently alludes to the same structure, the dilated disk-like head of the male style. 1881. DALECHAMPSIA VELUTINA (R. W.), leaves deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, serrated, sub- glabrous above, venoso-reticulate whitish and velvety beneath, calyx of the female flower persistent, six- lobed, lobes very hairy, dentate on the margin: hairs rigid bristle-like. Neilgherries ? I am not quite sure in regard to the station. It appears a very distinct species, allied, however, to à Cape species of which I have a spe- cimen under the name of * D. Capensis, Spreng.” 1882. DALECHAMPSIA INDICA (R. W.), leaves 3- foliolate, lateral leaflets gibbous, sometimes lobed ex- ternally, all serrated, cuspidato-acuminate, shortly and sparingly pubescent on both sides: female, calyx per- sistent, 8-lobed in the lateral flowers; 10-lobed in the middle one, lobes serrato-dentate. Dindigul Hills. ‘These are both rare plants, and, so far as 1 have seen, the only species of the genus natives of India. Lamark describes another, which he saw in Jussieu’s Herbarium, said to have been found in India, but which seems never to have been met with since, and therefore doubtful as regards this being its native country. ‘The rest of the genus, with very few exceptions, is of South American origin. The genus is a very marked one, being at once dis- tinguished by its two large 3-lobed pale yellow bracts enclosing both the male and female flowers. These, on being reflexed, bring into view a sessile capitulum of male flowers seated in a cup-shaped involucre and 3 females, embraced by two somewhat similar but smaller undivided bracts, each furnished with from 6 to 10 linear dentate sepals beset with stiff bristly hairs and terminating in a long stout style and club- shaped, truncated stigma. As the seed advance to maturity the pedicels elongate, the sepals enlarge and become riged, and surround the 3-celled capsule, much as the involucre of Pavonia does its capsule. 1883. MACARANGA Inpica (R. W.), diecious, arboreous: leaves stipuled, peltate: stipules paired, broad ovate, cuspidate: male flowers panicled, glome- rate: glomerules bracteate: bracts petioled, glandu- lose: calyx 3-parted, pubescent : stamens 6-8, mona- delphous at the base: anthers flattened, tetradymous: entire or slightly dentate, pubescent and punctuate beneath, glabrous above, female panicles axi - flowers solitary or paired, pedicelled, bracteate : bracts sometimes pedicelled and glanduliferous as in the male: calyx 4-parted : capsule covered with resi- nous points. : i Neilgherries, Courtallum, flowering during the autumnal months. The margin on the leaf is too distinctly dentate, at least for the average outline of leaves. When preparing the letter press character, for the subject of this plate (which I have purposely made very full), I was led to examine more carefully than 1 had hitherto done all the specimens in my herba- rium ing in their general aspect with the (3) A rather large shrub, flowering during the cool and rainy season, its seed seem to ripen during the hot season. I have known this plant many years, but only last year got specimens in a sufficiently perfect state to admit of my determining the genus; which, so far as I can make out, is very distinct from any yet published. Grvorra (Griffith). Gen. CHAR. Male. Calyx 5 sepals, imbricated. Corolla 5 petals, convolute, alternate with 5 large fleshy glands. Stamens about 15, monadelphous at the base, free above; anthers 2-celled, opening longi- tudinally. Female calyx and corolla as in the male, stamens none. Base of the ovary embraced by a fleshy 5-lobed ring. Ovary cells 1-ovuled. Styles 2-3-celled; 2-3, two-cleft, stigmatose within, fruit drupaceous, one-seeded. A small ramous tree, leaves alternate, cordate or somewhat lobed, clothed with white stellate pubescence beneath, sub-glabrous above; petiols often furnished with one or two prominent glands. Panicles ter- minal, flowers congested or sub-capitate on the ends of the ramuli, pedicels jointed, usually furnished with a filiform bract. Stamens hairy at the base. Fruit oblong, about the size of a pigeon’s egg, nut very hard, seed oily. 1889. Givoria RorTLERIFORMIS (Griffith). A common tree in sub-alpine forests all along the base of the central range of Ghauts, and to be met with in flower at nearly all seasons, but principally during the Spring and Summer months. The normal number of stamens is I think 15, but I have found 13, and the draftsman has represented 10, which I feel sure is a mistake. When Mr. Griffith established the genus he had only seen female flowers, hence his character was de- ficient in what regards the male; that I have here supplied from native specimens. The wood is very porous and considered of little value, but I have heard that the oil obtained from the seed is considered superior to either Olive or Almond oil for fine machinery. | 1890. TRIGONOSTEMON HETERANTHUM (R. W.), lobes of the calyx of the male flower entire on the margin, of the female glanduloso-dentate: leaves quite entire: racemes axillary, paniculate. Mergui, Griffith. This species differs from Blume’s 7. serratum, the only other described species, in both the inflorescence and flowers, the calyx of the female differing so wide- ly from that of the male. PELTAxDRA (R. W.). Gen. Cuar. Monccious,male calyx 5-parted, cor- olla none. A large glandular disk lining the bottom of the calyx and embracing the base of the stamens. Stamens 5, monadelphous below, free and spreading above, equal; anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally, no rudimentary ovary. Female. Calyx of the male, no corolla or rudimentary stamens: base of the ovary embraced by a fleshy cup-like disk. 3-celled with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell, styles 3, deeply 2- .. Capsule 3-celled with 2 or, by abortion, 1 corrugated seed in each. Testa rough; albumen copious, embryo inverse, cotyledons foliaceous ) axillary, about the length of the petiols, usually 1 or 2 female flowers at the base: stamens numerous, fila- ments compressed, dilated at the apex: anthers 2- celled : cells transverse: ovary 3-celled : style deep- ly reg stigmas large, paired, spreading: capsule ispid. Bengal, Scinde, Circar Mountains. The specimens from which the drawing was made were raised in the Horticultural Society’s Garden at Madras. I think 1 have correctly named it. It certainly is not a Cro- ton, and the present is the only genus with which it associates. 1886. CLAOXYLON MURICATUM (R. W. Croton muricatum, Klein, M.SS.), arboreous dicecious ? leaves opposite, oblong lanceolate, serrate, attenuate at both ends, glabrous, sprinkled below with numerous shin- ing, resinous points: spikes axillary, male ones ament- iform, longer than the petiols, female sub-racemose, about the length of the leaves, capsule tricoccous, each furnished with two rows of excrescences. Courtallum, Ceylon, Bombay? Graham; Belgaum, Law. This plant, unless I am confounding two spe- cies under one name, seems to have a wide range. In regard to my Bombay specimens I feel some uncer- tainty, the capsules being larger and not regularly muricated as in the more Southern ones. 116 ap- pendages on them more resemble the filamentous ones of Rottlera peltata, hence my doubt of the identity of that plant with mine. The resinous glands are also found in C. digynum. In both, too, the leaves are sometimes nearly entire, though generally in this coarsely serrate. SARCOCLINIUM (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Dicecious: male calyx gamosepalous, bursting irregularly, 3-5-toothed. Corolla 5-petaled, petals imbricating in estivation, with 5 large alternate globose glands at the base. Stamens 10, in a double series alternate with the petals and glands, attached round the base of a large rudimentary ovary ; anthers 2-celled, cuspidate ; cells divaricating at the base, dehiscing longitudinally. Female calyx 5-sepaled ; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla 5-petaled, petals insert- ed round the base of a thick fleshy 5-lobed disk. Ovary sessile, the base embraced by the disk, 3-cell- ed, with a pendulous ovule in each; styles 3, spread- ing; stigmas six, recurved. Capsule 3-coccous, sub- globose. Seed.—(The seed were not sufficiently ma- ture though the capsule seems full grown. Shrubs, with alternate, obovate oblong, somewhat cuniate, short petioled or sub-sessile, glabrous, coria- ceous, entire, shining leaves, ending in a short blunt acumen: male racemes glomerate, interrupted: glom- erules bracteate, bracts serrated : flowers short pedi- celled ; petals obovate, somewhat toothed on the mar- gin, stamens longer than the petals: filaments subu- late: sterile ovary 2-3-cleft, female racemes axil- lary : flowers bracteate : bracts ovate, stem-clasping, entire: sepals ovate, acute: petals orbicular, some- what waved. Disk very thick and fleshy, whence the generic name, Fleshy bed. 1887-88. SARCOCLINIUM LONGIFOLIUM (R. W.). Alpine forests, exposed to the influence of the South- west monsoon, Western slopes of the Neilgherries not unfrequent, but I have specimens from many other ( 24 It was an error of Linnaeus to call this plant Nirur», seeing it is the Kirganeli of the Hortus Malabaricus, and an even worse one, on the part of Willdenow, to call another plant, not even a native of India, Kirganelia. 1895-1. PAHYLLANTHUS RHEEDO (R. W., Niruri, Hort. Mal. 2. tab. 27.), shrubby, leaves oval obtuse, mucronate : stipules subulate : flowers axillary ; males two or three, female, when present, solitary, larger and longer pedicelled than the male: filaments united, 3-anthered at the apex, capsule globose. Malabar. This species, if known, seems to have been either confounded with others resembling it in general appearance, or has been passed over as an un- known plant. Roxburgh (Fl. Ind.) quotes Rheede's figure (2 tab. 27) for P. multiflorus, and in Dillwyn's valuable review of the references to that work it is quoted for an unpublished species of Roxburgh's * P. scandens" (probably P. multiflorus of his flora which he characterizes as climbing); but whatever that plant may be, it is not, under that name, admitted into the Flora Indica. After much consideration I propose to quote this plate as a Synonyme for my plant, and 5 tab. 44 for Roxburgh's P. multiflorus, Anisonema multifiora of a subsequent plate (No. 1899). This is certainly a Phyllanthus, which is not the case of either P. rhamnoides, or P. multifforus. 1895-2. PHYLLANTHUS POLYPHYLLUS (Willd.), flo- riferous branchlets many-leaved: leaves linear, ob- tuse, mucronate, small: flowers axillary, solitary : female ones above: stems shrubby or sub-arboreous: floriferous rachis somewhat compressed: stamens monadelphous: anthers vertical, cohering: crowned with the prolonged connective. Sub-alpine jungles. Common towards the foot of the Eastern slopes of the Neilgherries. A large shrub or small tree, so very like Emblica officinalis in its general appearance and habit, that I for a long time thought it that tree. A single glance however at the fruit is enough to show the difference. 1895-3. PHYLLANTHUS MADRAPATENSIS (Lin), leaves alternate, narrow cuniate: stipulary scales scariose, peltate, flowers axillary, 3-5 males and one female : stamens monadelphous, connective prolonged beyond the anthers, capsule glabrous. This is a very common plant, but the form repre- sented is rather rare. The leaves in the more usual form are much broader at the apex, more cuniate, and often somewhat retuse at the point; but notwith- standing these differences I believe this to be simply a narrow-leaved variety of that plant. : 1895-4. PHYLLANTHUS LEPROCARPUS (R. W.), her- baceous, erect: floriferous branchlets spreading, many- leaved : leaves elliptic oblong, obtuse, ciliate: stipu- lary scales scariose, peltate, cordate at the base, acu- minate: anthers crowned with the prolonged con- nective, capsule globose, scaly, rough. I have named this species, which greatly resembles in its general appearance luxuariant plants of P. Niruri, in allusion to its rough scaly capsules, which of itself I find sufficient to distinguish it from all those in my collection. I suspect that when this genus comes to be carefully revised, the elements of two genera will be found among the 5 species represented in these two plates. G with a longish radicle pointing to the hilum. Suffru- ticose plants: leaves alternate, short petioled, ovate. Male flowers axillary, sub-amentaceous, longish pedi- celled: ament or short raceme covered with ovate, ciliate, imbricating, membranous bracts. Female flow- ers solitary, long pedicelled, usually seated at the base of the male amentiform racemes. 1891. PELTANDRA LONGIPES (R. W.), erect, ramous: leaves short petioled, ovate, acuminate, slightly den- tate: female peduncles much longer than the leaves, filiform: filaments united nearly to the apex. Quilon, Malabar. The specimen represented is much smaller than some others in my collection, but is on that account better adapted for the size of my plate. 1892. PELTANDRA PARVIFOLIA (R. W.), stems erect, angular, ramous: leaves broad ovate, mucro- nate, entire: pedicels of the female flowers about the length of, or a little longer than the leaves: fila- ments united about half their length. Malabar ? I am uncertain in regard to the station which is not marked, but I think Malabar. Though, as shown by the figure, so unlike the other, yet when the specimens are placed side by side they present a very evident family likeness. 1893. AGYNEIA BACCIFORMIS (Juss. fil, PAyllan- thus bacciformis, Lin., Roxb.) biennial, diffuse, herba- ceous: stems triangular: leaves somewhat succulent, stipules forked: male flowers several in the lower axils: female usually solitary towards the ends of the ramuli: filaments 3, united to the apex: styles spreading: stigmas 2-lobed, reflexed. This is a common and variable plant, common in grassy pasture near the coast, and is in flower all the . year. The plant represented is a small one, as it is occasionally to be met with nearly two feet long, lying flat on the ground. ` 1894. PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI (Linn.), annual, erect, ramous: branches herbaceous, ascending: floriferous branchlets (pinnate leaves of old authors) filiform : leaves elliptic, mucronate, entire, glabrous: flowers i ; male flowers minute, two or three with one longer pedicelled female in each axil, terminating in three transverse anthers: capsule globose, glabrous, 3-angled with 2 seed in each sell: seed triangular, albumen very abundant embryo axile. A common weed everywhere, and, where it has moisture enough to grow, always in flower. ; The male flowers are minute and might easily be overlooked beside the female ones which are more conspicuous, hanging in rows below the leaves. In the evening or in dark cloudy weather the leaves close like those of the sensitive plant. This, like several other species of the genus, bears the leaves and flowers on a series of ramuli, different from the others so much resembling pinnate leaves that they were for a long time considered such, the authors not adverting to the circumstance that leaves never bear flowers, and that their presence at once shows that the rachis on which they are borne is a branch, not the midrib of a compound leaf. In the above and following characters I have called them floriferous branchlets or ramuli, in contradistinction to the proper branches of the plant. ر 25 ( Willdenow quotes Burm. Zel. tab. 88, for this plant, which is a mistake, as it clearly belongs to his P. multiflorus. 1898. MELANTHESA OBLIQUA (R. W.), leaves ob- long, obtuse, unequal-sided, blunt, flowers axillary, several together: male calyx turbinate, lobes inflex- ed: filaments united ; anthers adnate: female calyx six-lobed, enlarging with the fruit: stigmas 2-parted, reflexed. This is perhaps too nearly allied to M. turbinata, but differs in the form of the leaves and in the male flowers, which seem scarcely half the size. They both appertain to Blume’s 2d section, “stigmata semi- bifida,” along with his M. Chinensis. The genus Melanthesa is at once recognised, 1st, by the form of its male flowers which are top-shaped, forming a sort of cone, the marginal lobes of which are abruptly turned in over the opening and rest on the apex of the stamenoid column—and 2017, by the ovary which is truncated or even concave on the apex, with the stigmas appressed to the surface. 1899. ANISONEMA MULTIFLORA (R. W., Phyll. mul- tiflorus, Willd., Roxb., Katon Niruri, Hort. Mal. 5 tab. 44., Rhamnus Zeylanica, &c., Burm., Zeyl. tab. 88.), Shrubby, primary branches virgate, young shoots pubescent : floriferous ramuli angular: leaves nearly oval, obtuse, bifarious: flowers axillary, aggregated, several males and usually 1 female: male flowers purplish ; berries 8-12-seeded, dark purple or black, soft and pulpy.—Sweetish tasted. This is à common shrub near water, and when it has the support of bushes often climbs to a great height, hence the probability of this being Roxburgh's P. scandens. This plant clearly belongs to A. de Jussieu’s genus Anisonema, and I think there can be no doubt of this being P. multiflorus of Roxb. and Willdenow. My figure, to my eye, seems scarcely so characteristic of the features, if I may so say, of the plant as Bur- man's in the Th. Zeylanicus. CERATOGYNUM (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Moncecious. Perianth six-parted, lined within with a broad six-lobed disk, lobes free on the margin. Corolla and glands none. Stamens 3, filaments united below into a column, free and spread- ing above, anthers 2-celled : covered in »stivation by the free margins of the lobes of the disk : cells col- lateral. Female perianth six-parted in a double series. Corolla and glands none. Ovary truncated, 3- angular, 3-sided, 3-celled with 2 pendulous ovules in each. Styles 6, slightly adhering by pairs, springing from the outer angles, not the centre, of the ovary (“Styles from the horn of the germ and not from the centre, each 2-cleft,” Roxb.). Capsule globose, 3-cell- ed, 6-seeded. Suffruticose plants : floriferous branch- lets alternate, ing: leaves evate: flowers axil- lary, male and female mixed; at first two or three from each, afterwards becoming racemose in the lower 1900. CERATOGYNUM RHAMNOIDES (R. W., Ph. rhamnoides, Roxb. not Willd.). No station is given, the drawing of the plant figs. 1, 2 of the analysis were taken from recent spe- 1896. EmBLicA OFFICINALIS (Geertner), arboreous, ramous: floriferous branchlets many-leaved: leaves linear oblong, obtuse at both ends: flowers axillary, aggregate, small, yellowish. This tree is frequently met with in gardens, the fruit being used by the Natives for pickling, and as a condiment. I have met with what appears to me another species, but as my specimens are not in fruit I feel uncertain on that point. The genus is easily distinguished from Phyllanthus by the cup-like lobed disk which covers the ovary. The anthers, too, are slightly different from those of most of the the Phyl- lanthi in having a broader connective, separating the 2 cells to such ۵ distance as to give each the appear- ance of 2 cohering. This structure and the elonga- tion of the connective, mentioned in some of the pre- ceding species, are well shown at fig. 2 of this plate. 1897. MELANTHESA TURBINATA (R. W., M. trun- cata, R. W. in Icon., Phyllanthus turbinatus, Roxb., Konig.), shrubby or arboreous : floriferous branchlets bifarious: leaves oval, obtuse, entire, sometimes slightly unequal-sided: flowers axillary, frequently male and female in the same axil: male flower turbinate (top-shaped), six-lobed; lobes inflexed, nearly closing the orifice: stamens united, anthers adhering by their backs to the columnar filament : female calyx deeply 6-lobed, enlarging with the fruit: fruit before maturity baccate, when quite ripe, dry and capsular, 3-valved. Seed 3, angular, arilled at the base. Neilgherries, Malabar, &c. This plant, Roxburgh informs us, attains the size of a large tree among the mountains of Orissa. It is very common a little below Coonoor, on the Neilgherries, but there I have never seen it larger than a moderate sized shrub: can it be that I am confounding 2 species under one name? Roxb. quotes the Hort. Mal. 5, tab. 3, for his plant; I feel certain that that plate represents my plant even better than my own, and therefore unhesi- tatingly adopt Roxburgh’s name. By a mistake, when writing the name on the draw- ing, I wrote “truncata” in place of “turbinata.” Fig. 12 of the plate represents the aril, but too large in proportion to the seed—at least when the seed has attained perfect maturity, which the one represented had not. 1898. MELANTHESA RHAMNOIDES (Blume, Phyl- lanth. rhamnoides, Retz., Willd? P. vitis idea, Roxb.) leaves oval, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous: peduncles axillary, the inferior ones paired, male; upper ones solitary, female, about the length of the petiol: fruit embraced by the short calyx (Blume): berries globose, bright red, meaiy when ripe. ‘A common plant near the Coast. The bright-red fruit, when abundant, gives the shrub a rather lively and attractive appearance. I at- tach little or no value to characters taken from the rela- tive position of the male and female flowers on the floriferous branchlets, as I find them about as often wrong as right. The best characters I know for this plant are, the prominent connective of the anthers, the large ovary, in comparison with the small calyx, and the red berries, not one of which Blume admits into his character, and therefore leaves room for doubting whether the Indian plant be indeed the ^ game as the Java one, whence he takes his character. ( 26 ) E 1902-2. Macrma MYRTIFOLIA (R. W., Ph. myrti- Folius, Moon's Cat.), shrubby, erect, ramous branches slender: leaves single or two or three, fascicled, ob- long lanceolate, acute, mucronate: stipulary scales cordato-ovate, slightly fringed : flowers fascicled, axil- lary, pedicelled, shorter than the leaves: glands of the calyx globose, rough.—Leaves about an inch long and from 1 to 2 lines broad. Ceylon. 1902-3. Macmza GARDNERIANA (R. W.), suffru- ticose, diffuse: leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse at both ends, revolute on the margin, pale glaucous beneath : stipulary seales deeply sinuato-cordate, ovate, acu- minate, sub-dentate on the margin: filaments cla- vate: cells of the anthers diverging from the point : glands small, smooth.—The leaves are sometimes nearly round and occasionally, but rarely, at least in the dried specimen, scarcely revolute on the edge. Ceylon, Neuera Ellia, Gardner. 1892-4. Macrma ovALIFOLIA (R. W.), suffruti- cose, ramous ; branches long, slender, diffuse: leaves sub-sessile, oval, obtuse at both ends, paler beneath : stipulary scales irregularly-angular, peltate, acuminate at both ends: calycine glands large, globose: anthers’ cells slightly divaricated below.—Larger leaves about an inch long and 4 lines broad: flowers fascicled, male and female mixed. Eastern slopes of the Neilgherries, abundant, ascend- ing to the elevation of about 6000 feet, very diffuse, branches often from 2 to 3 feet long. This species seems very nearly allied to the preceding, but is, I think, distinct. - Rema (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Moncecious. Male. Calyx 4-sepaled, equal, imbricating in estivation. Corolla none, 4 large glands alternate with the sepals. Stamens 2, fila- ments united below into a column two-lobed at the apex; each bearing a large 2-celled anther; cells widely divaricate, nearly horizontal (resembling 4 anthers), dehiscing transversely to the axis of the flower. Female. Calyx six sepals in two rows, per- sistent. Corolla none. Disk annular, fleshy, six-lobed, embracing the base of the ovary. Ovary 3-celled with 2 pendulous ovules in each ; styles three, deeply 2-parted ; divisions subulate, stigmatose. Capsule 3- celled: cells 2 or, by abortion, 1-seeded. Seed obo- vate, 3-angular. Shrubs, branches ascending: floriferous branchlets slender, spreading: leaves alternate: stipules minute, flowers axillary, male and female fascicled: females usually solitary, long pedicelled with several smaller short pedicelled males. This genus is dedicated to Lieut. Colonel Francis A. Reid, the talented Secretary to the Madras Horti- cultural Society, and indefatigable director of its garden. Under his guidance a very general taste for Botanical pursuits has been established, leading to the rapid advancement of Indian Botany, by the introduction into cultivation of numerous hitherto imperfectly known Indian plants. Within the last few years the Society’s garden, under his super- intendence, has become a well-stocked Botanic garden. wes cimens, the rest from dried ones. Roxburgh calls it *a small shrub a native of cultivated land, among other shrubs on the coast of Coromandel." This plant seems ۵٥ very distinct in its characters from Phyllanthus that I almost wonder at Roxburgh's passing it as such, and can only account for it on the supposition of his believing it Willdenow's P. rham- noides, Roxburgh's P. vitis idea. Sinee writing the above I have seen recent spe- cimens of a new species but not in good state. They have however enabled me to verify the view taken in the character of Roxburgh's nectaries, which he describes as being “six scales on the middle of the leaflets of the calyx, pointing inwards, before the flower expands, these cover the anthers like so many hoods," but which are simply the free margins of the large disk which lines the bottom of the calyx. Macraa (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Moneecious. Male, perianth 6-parted, forming a double series. Corolla none. Six glands, alternate with the sepals. Stamens 3, free to the base; anthers extrorse, opening longitudinally. Fe- male. Calyx as in the male. No corolla or glands. Base of the ovary bound by an annular disk. Ovary 3-celled 6-ovuled; styles 3, deeply 2-cleft; stigmas reflexed. Capsule 3-celled, six-seeded. Suffruticose, straggling plants, often, when supported, two or three feet long: leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules mem- branous, peltate : flowers axillary, several aggregated in each axil; usually 1 female and 3 or 4 males. This genus is perhaps scarcely sufficiently distinct from Phyllanthus, the principal difference being the free stamens of this, as opposed to the united ones of the other. The genus Macrea of Lindley, an orchid, being reduced, I have dedicated this genus to that active Botanist. It is the more appropriate as several of the species are natives of Ceylon, the principal field of his labours. . 1901, Macrma 了 全 HPEDI (R. W., Niruri, Hort. Mal. 10, 27.) Suffruticose, decumbent, straggling, glabrous : leaves sub-sessile, oval, obtuse at both ends : stipules peltate, orbicular below, ending in a longish tapering acumen: male flowers short pedicelled: fe- male pedicels about the length of the leaves, ovary rough. Pulney Mountains, September and October. Ilook upon this plant as being undoubtedly Rheede's Niruri, vol. 10, tab. 27. That plate has been quoted by mistake, perhaps indeed a mere typographical error, by Roxburgh for his PA. multifforus. The plant here represented is somewhat more compact than Rheede’s, but I have other specimens loose enough to bear comparison with his plate. 1902-1. Macrma OBLONGIFOLIA (R. W.), suffru- ticose, diffuse, ramous: branches ascending: leaves linear oblong, obtuse at both ends, mucronate : stip- ulary scales broad ovate, acuminate, peltate : male flowers short pedicelled, female pedicels equaling the leaves. Station uncertain, but I think the Pulney Moun- tains. The leaves in the figure are a little too broad in proportion to their length. They diminish pro- gressively towards the apex, giving the whole branch a tapering aspect. Cms. of the branches: leaves small, close-set, ovato-lan- ceolate, acute, slightly unequal-sided, glabrous: flowers axillary, aggregated : 2 interior sepals of the male and three of the female, membranous and fringed on the margin. n Ceylon, Thwaites. I only know this species by a single specimen communicated by Mr. Thwaites. It approaches R. fimbriata in the flowers, but is in all other respects widely different. In addition to the above, there are still two or three species in my collection. GrocmisAwDRA (R. W.). Gen. CHAR. Monecious. Male flowers six-parted. Corolla and glands none. Stamens six, free to pear the base, connivant round the rudimentary ovary ; connective strap-like, prolonged beyond the anthers, sub-lanceolate ; anthers 2-celled, adnate their whole length. Pistilrudimentary, 3-lobed, concealed by the connivant anthers. Female calyx as in the male. No corolla nor disk. Ovary free, six-celled with 2 ovules in each ; style short, thick and fleshy, slightly six-lobed at the point; channeled in the centre. Arboreous, ramuli somewhat flexuose, lax : leaves alternate, oblong, elliptic, acuminate, entire, glabrous: flowers fascicled in the axils; males numerous, pedi- celled ; females few, sub-sessile. 1905. (GLOCHISANDRA ACUMINATA (R. W.). I am only acquainted with this tree through the medium of a specimen received from the Calcutta Bot. Garden, labeled “ Briedelia spinosa,” evidently a mis- take, as it has no resemblance to that plant, but has much the aspect of a Glochidion. This differs from that genus in the male flowers being distinctly hexandrous, with stamens free, not connate into a central column, and in having a well-developed rudimentary pistil : but at the same time, though thus amply technically distinct, it has so much the habit of Glochidion that Ithink, in the event of ۵ revision of that genus, the character might be so far enlarged as to admit both this plant and the genus Gynoon, both of which Icer- tainly think are true congeners though technically distinct. 'This Ishall endeavour to show in the fol- lowing remarks on these two genera. GLocHIpIoN, (Forst., GYNoox, Aár. de Jussieu.) These two, as hinted above, are so near each other, as to be in fact indistinguishable by the characters of either Endlicher or Meisner. For this confusion I fear Dr. Arnott and myself are principally to blame, as we, in giving an amended character of to admit what we considered a new species, broke it down, our supposed new one being a species of Glo- chidion. The genus as it came from the hands of Jussieu, had moncecious flowers, the male having a 5-parted calyx, 3 filaments united at the base, distinct at the apex and 3 extrorse anthers ad- nate below the apex of the filaments. Female calyx 6-parted, 3 stigmas, convex outside, angled within, con- nate into an ovoid mass double the size of the ovary. Ovary globose, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled. In all these particulars our plant more or less agreed, except that we gave it 6-stamens and a 6-celled ovary. apparent difference in the number of stamens is easily reconciled, both plants are triandrous with the cells of the anthers so distinct and prominent that they each re- © To this genus belongs Roxburgh's PAyllanthus tetrandrus, and doubtless had Willdenow introduced descriptions of the flower into his characters, some of his species would also be found referable here. 1903. Reıpıa FLORIBUNDA (R. W.), shrubby, ra- mous, branches virgate: floriferous ramuli spread- ing, many-leaved, and with the leaves pubescent: leaves ovato-elliptic, blunt, slightly unequal-sided, nearly glabrous above, pubescent and pale reddish beneath: flowers axillary, numerous, fascicled, sev- eral short pedicelled, males and one long pedicelled, reddish-purple, female in each axil, flowers pube- scent: capsules globose, drooping, glabrous. Neilgherries, on the Eastern slopes, about 2 miles below Coonoor, but rather rare. have this plant from other localities, Pulney Mountains, &c. The artist has not been suecessful in conveying a good idea of the plant which is ۵ very handsome one, but difficult to represent. The figure No. 4 represents the stamens with the anthers artificially separated to show the structure of that part of the flower, that is, to show that the apparent 4 anthers, as described by Roxburgh, in his PAyll. tetrandrus, are in truth only two with the cells placed end to end, lying hori- zontally across the flower. 1904-1. . Remia FIMBRIATA (R. W.), shrubby, leaves broad ovate, acuminate, glabrous: flowers fas- cicled, axillary, male sepals broad ovate, membranous and fringed on the margin: female sepals like the male, the 3 interior ones fringed. Western slopes, Neilgherries. 1904-2. Remia LATIFOLIA (R. W.), shrubby, flo- riferous branchlets congested on the ends of the pri- mary branches, many-leaved: leaves ovate, acute, unequal-sided, glabrous: flowers numerous, axillary : females solitary in the lower axils, often wanting in the upper ones: sepals ovate, quite entire on the mar- gin; capsule about the size of a small pea, glabrous. Courtallum, flowering during the autumnal months. This species is also a native of Ceylon. The spe- cimen selected is, for want of room, a small one, not much in accordance with the name. The floriferous branchlets are often more than a foot long. LN. B. The numbers on the plate have been trans- posed by the Lithographer. This figure is marked III in the plate, and the following * 2;" these numbers require to be reversed.) 1904-3. Remia ovaLiroria (R. W.), a very ra- mous shrub: floriferous branchlets congested on the ends of the branches, leaves numerous, close-set, oval obtuse, unequal-sided (fig. 8.), glabrous above, pale glaucous beneath: flowers numerous, axillary : male sepals somewhat obovate, quite entire, glabrous : fe- male like the male: styles 2-cleft, stigmas reflexed. Courtallum. In this the female flowers are more numerous on the ends of the ramuli, and the styles are different from those of the preceding species. The leaves are represented too small for the average size. Fig. 8 is about the natural size of full-grown leaves. = 1904-4. Reıpıa POLYPHILLA (R. W.), shrubby, ramous : floriferous branchlets congested on the ends ( 38 ) ever, it also is, I believe, still an undescribed species, 1 shall, to prevent further mistakes, introduce it here under the name of . Glochidion Neilgherrense (R. W.), arboreous, ramuli glabrous, flexuose: leaves oblong, sub-elliptic, obtuse, or sometimes shortly acuminate, slightly unequal- sided, coriaceous, glabrous: male flowers short pedi- celled: females sessile: style very thick, truncated, mammilately toothed, scarcely longer than the peri- anth: fruit broad orbicular, 5—6-celled, depressed; crowned in the centre with the short persistent style. A low-growing umbrageous tree, common about Ootacamund. The dried specimens are very like those of G. Heyneanum, but are at once distinguished by the female flower, which I find supplies the best specific characters. 1907-2. (GLOCHIDION VELUTINUM (R. W.), shrubby, young branches, leaves, and flowers, all elothed with short velutinous pubescence: leaves short petidled, oval acute at both ends: flowers aggregated, male and female mixed, all pedicelled; perianth six-parted ; lobes of the male ovato-lanceolate, of the female somewhat obovate lanceolate, obtuse: style fleshy, truncated, obsoletely 5—6-toothed : ovary 4-6-celled : capsule orbicular, depressed, crowned with the per- sistent style. Neilgherries, Northern slopes towards Mysore. A very distinct and easily recognised species. 1908. Gynoon Jusstsvanum (R. W., G. trian- drum ? W. & A.), shrubby, glabrous: leaves ovate, acute, unequal-sided : flowers axillary, fascicled, male and female: lobes of the perianth lanceolate, in the female shorter than the ovoid truncated style. When naming the drawing I did not advert to the circumstance that, supposing this to be really Jus- sieu's plant, which is doubtful, we named it “trian- drum," under a misapprehension, and that the name is inappropriate ina genus all the species of which are triandrous. I now therefore beg to be permitted to change the name, and substitute that of the founder of the genus, and request the specifie name of the plate may be changed to “ Jussteuanum." Though my figure of the style does not quite correspond with that of the author, I suspect the difference depends mainly on the difference of age, mine being more advanced. Of five species now in my herba- rium, all from Ceylon, this is the only one that ap- proaches his figure, the style in all the rest being long and attenuated, more resembling that represent- ed in the next plate. The figures in the right hand corner of this plate are taken from our G. Heyneanum with à view to showing that it is a species of Glochidion, as indicated by the number of cells of the ovary. 1909. Gynoon HIRSUTUM (R. W.), shrubby, whole plant clothed with long soft pubescence : leaves ellip- tic, acuminate : male, perianth six-parted much longer than the stamens, lobes lanceolate: female like the male, style about twice the length of the calyx, slen- der, 3-toothed at the apex. Adam’s Peak, Ceylon, Gardner, communicated by Mr. Thwaites. 1910. AcrEPHILA NEILGHERRENSIS (R. W.), flow- ers pentandrous : calyx 5-parted: petals five, H " semble a perfect anther. Jussieu describes them as 3 stamens with 2-celled anthers; ours, I now find, were precisely the same. The discrepancy between the number of cells in the ovary in the two plants, however, remains irreconcilable, the one has 3- the other 6-celled ovaries, and until we consent to unite Glochidion and Gynoon as a genus, having 3-0-66 ovaries, our plants must respectively take their places in different genera. In plate 1908 is represented a plant I have from Ceylon, and which I strongly sus- pect is Jussieu’s original species, but which, whether that identical species or not, is unquestionably a spe- cies of G'ynoon,.and in the right hand corner is an analysis of the flower of our G'ynoon Heyneanum. A comparison of the former with Jussieu’s charac- ter will show that it is a Gynoon, and of the lat- ter, with the character of Glochidion, will equally show that it belongs to that genus, with the ex- ception of the ovary being 5- in place of 6-celled, a structure which I find variable, both forms occur- ring on the same branch. It follows that the only difference between the two genera, as will be seen by the accompanying plates, is that the one has a 3- the other a 5- or 6-celled ovary; a very artificial dis- tinction, and one indeed set a side in Blume’s char- acter of the genus Glochidion, in which he says, “Stigmata 3-12, ovarium 3-6 rarius 12 loculare.” On these grounds I would suggest that the 2 genera should be united and merely distinguished sectionally. The preceding, though so widely distinct in the male flower, might also perhaps be brought here with advantage. 1906. GLocHIDION ELLIPTICUM (R. W.), shrubby : leaves elliptie oblong, glabrous, short petioled : flowers axillary, aggregate, male and female: male pedicelled, female sessile, male perianth six-parted in a double series: lobes ovate obtuse: female pubescent ;, peri- anth 6-cleft, embracing the base of the ovary: styles united, conical, ovary 4-6-celled: capsule orbicular, depressed in the centre, cells 1-seeded (?) by abortion. Malabar. The drawing and section of the fruit with the male flower and divided stamens in the left corner of the plate were made many years ago when I was in England; the other dissections were made from flowers picked off the specimens preserved with the drawing. It is on the authority of the drawing that I describe the cells of the fruit as one-seeded. The specimen does not enable me to verify that point of structure but I fancy that in this as in other spe- cies both one and two are found in different fruit. . 1907-1. GLOCHIDION ARBORIUM (R. W.), arbore- ous: ramuli pubescent: leaves ovate, acuminate, un- equal-sided, glabrous: flowers aggregated, male and female mixed; males short pedicelled ; female ses- sile: male perianth deeply six-parted, lobes some- what obovate: female connate, 5—6-toothed, much shorter than the long fleshy 5—6-toothed style: ovary 5-6-celled with 2 ovules in each: fruit capsular, 2-3- celled, crowned, until near maturity, with the persis- tent style. Shevagherry Hills. Neilgherries ? When recently re-arranging my series of speci- mens, of which I have a considerable number, I dis- covered that I had mixed specimens of two species under this name, and suspect that this is not the one for which the specific name was intended. As, how- ( 29 ) room for hesitation in placing it in that genus. My herbarium possesses a second species from Ceylon. The two affording new links connecting these dis- tant floras. 1912-13. PreRARDEA MACROSTACHYS (W. and A.), Males ; spikes fascicled onthe naked branches: flowers ternate, short pedicelled ; perianth 4-5-parted, lobes linear, pubescent on both sides : stamens 8-10, insert- ed round the base of a 2- or 3-lobed rudimentary pistil: female; racemes fascicled as in the male, much longer: flowers solitary in the axil of each minute bract: perianth 5-parted, pubescent: ovary hairy, truncate at the apex, 3-celled : cells 2-ovuled: fruit pulpy, baecate, red when ripe, about the size of a large strawberry, 3-celled, 3-seeded: seed compressed, covered with fibrous membrane: no aril: embryo thin, enclosed in copious albumen: cotyledons folia- ceous, orbicular : radicle short, superior. Mountain forests, Malabar, Anamallay forests. Western slopes of the Neilgherries below Sisparah ? In the above extended, descriptive character, I have felt myself under the necessity of avoiding reference to the leaves, from finding a marked discrepancy be- tween those given on the two plates which I had not observed when preparing them. ‘The leaves shown in 1912 are unquestionably those of a Pierardia, but I now find they appertain to what appears a different species from the drerit while those of 1913, though forming part of the specimen, are yet detached from the flowers. They differ from the other in being opposite, hence a suspicion arises that they do not belong to the tree or indeed to the same genus. If on further investigation it turns out that they really do belong to it, the two species may be defined, as regards each other, in two words, the one, * leaves op- posite," the other, “leaves alternate." ‘This difficulty cannot at the present moment be cleared up, but in the mean time it seems to me they are distinguish- able by the flowers alone, in the one, P. macrostachys, the segments of the calyx are linear lanceolate, in the other sub-orbicular; there are besides points of habit easily appreciable to the eye but not easily defined in words. At one time I thought I could define them by the relative number of stamens aud lobes of the calyx, the numbers being equal in the one, 2 to 1 in the other. This I soon found inapplicable in practice, from finding in both great irregularities. ‘The figures in this species give examples of two flowers showing respectively 4-5 sepals and 8-10 stamens; two or three other variations might have been introduced, such as stamens and sepals equal, stamens, 5-6-7, &c. with 4-5, sepals no uniformity of numbers. The other is similarly irregular, so that so far as I have been able to advance it would appear that positive characters are not readily obtainable from the rela- tive numbers of these two parts, though I certainly think that they may be employed if some latitude were allowed. P. macrostachys, lobes of the perianth linear lan- ceolate, acute, hairy: stamens usually twice as many: rudimentary pistil 2-126 P. Courtallensis, lobes of the perianth 4-6, sub- orbicular, blunt, covered with very short rigid hairs : stamens about equal in number when five or six- lobed : oftener double when four lobed : rudimentary pistil discoid: leaves alternate, samewhat obovate, cuniate, ending in a short blunt acumen, entire, glab- In dense woods on the top of the high hill east of Coonoor, Neilgherries, flowering April and May. Blume, the founder of this genus, defines it “ mon- cecious, calyx deeply six-parted; lobes in.2 series, petals alternate, shorter than the calyx ; inserted, in the male, round an emarginate stameniferous disk. Male, stamens six, subulate; cells of the anthers roundish, extrorse ; 3 rudimentary styles in the centre. Female, ovary 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; styles three, short, divaricated. Fruit capsular, 3-coccous, with 1-2-seed in each. A shrub about 15 feet high with al- ternate, 2-stipulate, elliptic, oblong, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, veined, leaves. Flowers axillary, glomerate, bracteate; males sub-sessile; females longish pe- duncled. In all these particulars my plant, with the excep- tion of the number of parts of the flower, accurately agrees—5 in mine 6 in his—and as the number may vary, I see no reason, on that account, for forming a separate genus for mine. There is however one very important point in mine, to which he does not advert and which merits parti- cular notice as it may yet lead to their separation; I allude to the structure of the seed. In mine they are exalbuminous! If in the Java plant they are albu- minous, then that character, added to the difference in the number of the parts of the flower, will claim for the Indian plant a separate generic name. And on the supposition that so accurate an observer as Blume could scarcely have overlooked a circumstance, so rare, in the order, I had in the first instance con- structed a generic character for this plant, under the name of Sarcospernum,—iu allusion to the structure of the seed—from which I quote the following sentences, “capsule 3-seeded by abortion, seed large, fleshy, exalbuminous: cotyledons unequal, the larger ex- terior one nearly inclosing, and in great part conceal- ing, the interior smaller one.” The 11, 12, 13, and 14 imperfectly represent this formation. With these notes I leave the future disposal of this plant for the decision of observers who may have an op- portunity of examining the Java plant. 1911. Amanoa Inpica (R. W.), anthers innate. Courtallum, in alpine jungle. Shrubby or sub-arboreous, ramous : leaves alternate, oblong elliptic, entire, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers axillary, glomerate, male and female mixed, bracteate : bracts ciliate. Male : calyx 5-parted, lobes ovate with 5-alternate glands adhering to the margin of a glandular disk: stamens 5, inserted round the base of a rudimentary 3-lobed pistil, anthers innate, cells divaricating at the base. Female: calyx, glands, and disk as in the male; no rudimentary stamens: ovary nearly concealed within the connivant disk, very hairy, 3-celled, with 2-ovules in each: styles 3, deeply cleft; lobes stigmatose: capsule 3-celled, 3- furrowed, obsoletely 3-angled: cells 1-seeded by abor- tion, seed ——. In my specimens none of the seed are sufficiently advanced for dissection. Of this genus, up to the present time, only one spe- cies has been published, viz. A. Guianensis, but A. de Jussieu states that he saw 2 others from the same country. The Indian plant differs from his generic character in regard to the stamens, in his the anthers are adnate to the dilated apex of the filament, and extrorse; in mine they are innate (attached to the point of the filament). In all other points my plant agrees so well with his character as leaves me no ( 30 ) Endlicher, presuming that he was satisfied of the propriety of its separation before adopting it. For myself, not having seen Klotch’s revised character of Croton, I do not, so far as I can judge from the materials before me, feel certain on that point. If Tiglium is really justly separated from Croton, then I shall not be surprised to find that neither of the two species I have referred to Croton is now ad- mitted into that genus. If they still retain that name, the genus Tiglum, it appears to me, might have been dispensed with. But on that point, with my present defective information, I cannot venture to express a decisive opinion. The rudimentary petals of the female flower of C. lacciferum may perhaps have a higher value as- signed to them, when viewed in connection with the whole genus, than I should deem necessary to attach with reference to the small Indian branch with which only I am acquainted. PODOSTEMACEÆ. Of this small but curious order, very little was known until within the last few years, and its affini- ties are still very obscure, being one of those families where analogies abound, but direct affinities are scarce. In this small group, the three leading divis- ions of the vegetable kingdom seem to meet. In habit, place of growth, and cellular structure of many of its species, it enters the Acotyledonous 01888 : in some of the Tulasneas I observed well-marked mono- cotyledonous structure, while the seed is most dis- tinctly dicotyledonous. So far as yet known, none of its species have petals, but three of its genera have a sufficiently well developed perianth and free, more or less numerous, stamens. All the others, 17 in number, are deficient in that verticel, but, in its place are furnished at the base of the pedicel with a spathe more or less resembling the spathe so general in the Aroideous family, so that, but for the dicotyledonous seed, it would, if not actually enter, at all events very nearly approach that order. Since, then, the structure of its seed renders its re- ception into a monocotyledonous alliance inadmissi- ble, in what dicotyledonous one can it find a suita- ble location? To this question, much more accom- plished Botanists than I am, have hitherto failed in returning a satisfactory answer, I will not therefore make the attempt. Suffice it, therefore, to say, that Lindley ( Vegetable Kingdom ) places this very imper- fectly flowered order in his Rutal alliance, a highly developed polypetalous group, including the Orange, Magohany, Melia, Mango, Rue, &c., to my mind, a highly-strained and unnatural position. Gardner takes a different view of the affinities. He con- ceives Podostemons nearly allied to Nepenthes, an order appertaining to the diclinous class, and which Lindley places in his Euphorbial alliance. This seems to me a more suitable location than the other ; nearer affinities may yet be discovered, but, with our, present scanty stock of information only, to guide us to correct conclusions, I think the dicli- nous class is that in which its nearest relationships will be found. Twenty years ago only one Indian species of this order was known; twenty at least are now known: figures, more or less perfect, of 17 of which will be found in the following plates; and there are other three described and published, of which I have not seen specimens. In addition to those introduced rous.—The leaves represented in plate 1912 belong to this species. One species of Pierardia (I am uncertain which) is, when in full flower, a curious looking tree. One that I saw on the Sisparah Ghaut had the whole trunk of the tree covered with horizontal flower- spikes nearly as close-set as the hairs in a bottle brush; certainly to the full as close-set as those of 1912, but much shorter. I was prevented taking spe- cimens and never, therefore, ascertained the species, though I fancy it must have been macrostachys. The fruit described was sent from the Anamally forests, but still without leaves. * *—P, $. 1914. TieLium KLOTCHEANUM (R. W.), shrubby, stellato-pubescent: leaves shortish petioled, ovato- lanceolate, acuminate, acutely glanduloso-serrate, coriaceous, with 2 depressed peltate glands at the base of the limb. Travancore, Malabar. This species, though so nearly approaching the Croton Tiglium or Tig. officinale, in its written char- acter, seems to the eye very distinct. The whole appearance of the two plants differs, and yet I can find no satisfactory characters by which to distin- guish them, hence I fear they will ultimately prove only varieties, unless the fruit prove such as to keep them distinet. I may however remark, in passing, that, though I have found the glandular disk very distinet in this species, I have not found it equally so in what I have always considered the true Croton Tiglium, that represented in the Hort. Mal. 2-33, which I now apprehend will be found specifically different from Burm. Zeylan., tab. 90, which has more the appearance of this plant and seems to be the one described by Dr. Klotch. 1915. CROTON Laccrrervo (Linn., Croton aroma- ticum, Willd., Spreng., Aleurites lacciferum, Willd., Rottlera dicocca, Roxb.? Rheede Hort. Mal. 5 tab. 23? Burm. Zeyl. 91. Rumph. 3-127, usually quoted for this, is not, I think, a Croton, and certainly does not represent this one. Rumph. 3, 26 is liker but still does not represent this plant), “leaves ovate, tomen- tose, serrulate, petioled: calyx tomentose.” Lin. Fl. Zeylan. My principal object in introducing this plant is to aid in clearing up its complex synonyme by making the plant itself better known. It seems rather curi- ous that the Hort. Mal. figure has never before been quoted for this plant, as it conveys a better idea of its general aspect than any of the others quoted. The objection to quoting it must I imagine have origi- nated in its dioicous character, giving it more the appearance of Rottlera than Croton and, taking that view of it, it might with much probability be quoted for the male of Rottlera tinctoria, or at all events of a Rottlera though possibly one still unpublished in any modern system. The plates of Rumphius have evidently nothing to do with this plant; Burman’s, on the other hand, is certainly a form of.it. Sprengel, I find in his * Cure I reduces Linnzus’ C. lacciferum to Willdenow's C. aromaticum! in place of reversing the ease and upholding the prior name. Before closing my remarks on these two genera, I may mention that 1 have adopted Klotch's genus Tig- lium as distinct from Croton on the authority of 二 ر‎ Species for another, I might have found better speci- mens for some of the Neilgherry species, but pre- ferred accuracy to appearance. And yet, strange as it may appear, even under these circumstances I do not feel sure that at least one error has not been fallen into, that is, I now begin to suspect that the speci- ‚ mens of D. Wightii include two species, and that the one selected for representation is not that from which the author’s character and description were taken. Up to the time of writing this note (4th December 1851), I have not been able to satisfy myself on the subject, but I hope, before passing the printed sheets through the press, to have done so, when a note, if required, will give the result. [P.S. Expected spe- cimens have not yet arrived. ] It will perhaps be observed under the genera Hy- drobryum and Tulasnea that the term Rhizoma is used for the part that in previous characters had been called fronds and stems. I cannot myself see the neces- sity for this change of terms, but feeling certain that confusion and difficulty are apt to be generated when two parties, describing the same thing, use different language, I have, simply to guard against that, adopt- ed Tulasne’s term, even though I do not think it ne- cessary. š To render this account of the order more perfect, and under the conviction that many more species will yet be found in India, I subjoin Tulasne’s Conspectus Generum, exhibiting a beautiful specimen of the di- chotomous method of analysis for discovering the genus of any plant of this order we may have under examination. here, I now feel nearly certain that I have one or two additional species among my specimens; but which were overlooked when selecting specimens for representation, simply because at that time I had - not sufficiently mastered their specific distinctions, and being then on the point of leaving home for some weeks, had not leisure to study the order. In 1846, when Lindley published his “ Vegetable Kingdom,” the numbers described were 9 genera and 23 species. In February 1849 Tulasne published ( Annales des Sciances Naturelles, 3d series, vol. 11) a monograph of the whole order, in which he has raised the numbers to 20 genera and 73 species. In the following plates I have adopted the names of that monograph and propose now, in like manner, adopting his specifie characters. In July 1846, the late Mr. Gardner of Ceylon published in the Calcutta Journal of Natural History, characters and descriptions of 9 Indian species, and then sent specimens of them to Europe, and also gave me à set. The specimens sent to Europe were placed in the hands of M. Tulasne, and he has republished them under Gardner's names, but with his own spe- cific characters; evidently before he had seen Gard- ner's paper in the Indian Journal. Being thus in possession of authentic materials, I took Gardners named specimens as the basis of my figures and for the characters have given both Tulasne's and his. Had time permitted me ade- quately to study the order, so as to feel certain of not falling into errors, by ignorantly substituting one CONSPECTUS GENERUM. GENERA. f dioicis $e د8‎ eet 1. Hydrostachys, Pet. Th. (Tribus 1.) : staminibus liberis. 2. Mourera, Aubl, floribus race- هم‎ sequalibus; )mosis. stam. monadelphis 3. Lacis, Lindh costata; ( comple- | nervis: floribus radicalibus. 4. Marathrum, H. et B. tis . capsula; } inzequalibus 5. Rhyncholacis, +. {levi 6. none, +. E ۲ equalibus; + 5 m (Sect. 1.) [levi v ae Ee s 7. Ligea, +. 2 androcei ; | 2 ° verticillis incom- 1 stigmatibus linearibus integris 8. Apinagia, t. = pletis; iberis; tatis. ول‎ ; | capsula: | nervosa; stigm. membranaceo-dilatatis den- 9. Lophogyne, 1. stami- - r — nibus monadelphis 10. Dicrea, Pet.—Th. 3 (subtrib. 1.) 1 5 involucro tubuloso, ... 11. Podostemon, Rich. ructu = fructus costato; (involucro capsuleformi. ... 12. Hydrobryum, ۰ = valvis : duobus ; E 5 دو‎ fructu levi 13, Mniopsis, Mart. 5! an. inzquali- | stam.: fructu costulato; anth. extrorsa, 14. Oserya, +. = | drogy- bus; | uno; : 7 nis; 1 (Sect. 2.) 1 fructu levi; anth. introrsa, 15. Devillea, 4. capsula : (Tri. : uniloc. ; e monadelph. ; stigmatib. brevibus, 16. Spherothylax, Bisch bus 11 i y staminib : (sub-liberis; stigmatibus longissimis, 17. Castelnavia, t. stamine 1. 18. Tristicha, Pet. —Th. chlamydeis (tripartito (subtrib.11.) staminib 3 19. Lawia, t. | perigonio: (5-phyllo . 20 Weddellina, +. ( 32 ) the other. The difference however is in the language, not the thing described. Gardner’s scales are sheath- ing and enclose the proper involucre like a second one, but I view it as introducing a confusion of terms to call them an involucre in one case, and not in all. For myself, had I been writing original descriptions, I would probably have used two terms to designate the two series of parts, calling the exterior series, corresponding with Gardner's squame, either an invo- lucre or bracts, the divisions of which could be de- scribed, as leaves or bracts are; and the interior, cor- responding with Tulasne’s involucre, I would, with Gardner, have called a spathe, and when, as in my D. longifolia, Y found, in addition, distinct leaves, would have called them by that name. With the aid of three terms, in place of two, the difficulty of dis- tinguishing such species as it, would have been dimin- ished, and we should not, as in the present instance, had confusion of ideas introduced by misapplication of terms. On re-examination I find the artist has correctly represented the said scales or bracts, which are sheathing at the base, and end in a fleshy pointed cuspis or tooth, and not properly obtuse. 1917-1. Dicrza ELONGATA (Tul, P. elongatus, Gard.), stems sub-ligneous, terete, simple, very long: leafy buds (gemmis foliosis) distichous, alternate ; the inferior ones floriferous, the upper ones sterile, with longer, linear, entire, evaginate leaves; those of the fertile ones reduced to a sheath : capsule 8-10, striated with slender nerves. Rivers in Ceylon. In the Mahawalle Gunga below dose. E nds cy. ico-capi , very long, spari branched: leaves fascicled, fattened ور و‎ al ers marginal: spathe irregularly lobed, glabrous: capsule 8-ribbed. The drawing was taken from very old specimens, the terminal fascicles of leaves of which, seem all to have disappeared. Mr. Gardner describes them as nearly 4 of an inch long, fascicled towards the ex- tremities of the fronds. 1917-2. Drcrxa sryLosa (R. W.), stems very long, ramous, compressed, leafless: flowers distichous on the margin: involucre 4-leaved, imbricating, dis- tichous; the exterior pair smaller, the interior, nearly equaling the spathe obtuse, sheathing at the base sub- cuspidate at the point: styles pubescent, equaling or exceeding the ovary: capsule six-ribbed. : Mountain streams, Malabar, Rev. E. Johnson. The styles in this species differ so much from all the others I have seen, that I have thought it well to call attention to this circumstance by naming the species with reference to them. Poposremon (Mich). Gen. CHaR. Involucre (spathe, Gard.) elongated, tubular, lacerated at the apex in opening. Stami- nodes 3, linear, the middle one attached to the anther- iferous filament, sometimes wanting. Stamens two, monadelphous. Pollen didymous. Stigmas linear, acute, short. Capsule 8-ribbed.—Caulescent herbs, a distichous, linear, entire: flowers terminal or as The artist has failed in two points to bring out the generic character—1st, he has overlooked the odes, which are conspicuous enough when Dicrma (Pet. Thuar.). Gen. CHAR. Staminodes two, equal, linear, the third usually aborting. Stamens two, monadelphous : anthers ovate; pollen didymous. Stigmas subulate, short, entire. Capsule several nerved.—F lowers ra- dical, solitary, terminal, or racemose. (Tulasne Annal. des Seiance 3d series, vol. ii. 1849.) 1916-1. Dicrza WALLICHI (Tul, Podost. Wal- lichii, R. Br.), frond greenish, medium-sized (me- diocri), lobato-crisped on the margin, veined : free and fructiferous on the circumference: capsule obtuse, 8-ribbed ; valves somewhat incurved at the apex. Silhet. 'The specimens were communicated by the late Mr. Griffith. 1916-2. Dicrma picHoroma (Tul, + dichotomus, Gard.), stems long, naked, compressed, slender, flexible, sparingly and dichotomously branch- ed: branches simple, long, nearly parallel, somewhat flexuose, sparingly floriferous towards the apex: leaves few, subulate, short, partly cohering: capsule 8-ribbed, ribs somewhat prominent. Pycarrah river, Neilgherries. Fronds linear, flattened, dichotomously branched : branches attenuated towards the extremities: flowers marginal: scales few, oblong lanceolate, long acumi- nate: spathe 2-3-lobed, glabrous: capsule 8-ribbed. Gardner. Cal. Journal. - In the former of these characters the appendages at the foot of the pedicel are called leaves, in the latter, scales, the former appearing more consonant with ana- logy, I prefer it to the latter; I will therefore adopt it in my new species and perhaps even when translating Mr. Gardner's characters. 1916-3. Dicrwa Wıcaru (Tul., Podost. Wightii, Gardner), stems compressed, 2-edged, flexuose, bud bearing at the angles: leaves narrow linear, simple, sheathing at the base : capsule 8-striated. Pycarrah river, Neilgherries. Fronds linear, flattened, flexuose, branched at the base: flowers marginal, feaves (squame) numerous, setaceous, long [about the length of the spathe]: spathe irregularly lobed, glabrous: capsule 8-ribbed. ardner, 1. c. 1916-4. DicmxA LONGIFOLIA (R. W.), stems com- pressed, branched, alternately nodose: lower nodes leafy only, terminal ones floriferous: leaves of the lower nodes long linear, strap-shaped ; those of the floriferous ones sheathing at the base, subulate above ; two or three times the length of the 3-lobed spathe : capsule 8-ribbed. gage Rev. = J — n the figure the artist has not, owing to having selected a very small plant, shown the lower simply leafy tubercles. 1916-5. Dicrma RIGIDA (Tul. Podostemon rigi- dus, Gardner), branches long, rigid, dichotomous, par- allel, leafless; the flowering ones compressed: flow- ers secured with a double involucre (bis involu- cratis, Tul.). Pycarrah river, Neilgherries. — - Fronds linear, flattened, branchy towards the base : flowers marginal: leaves (scales, G.) few, distichous, imbricating, ovate oblong, obtuse : spathe irregularly lobed, glabrous: capsule 8-ribbed. (Gardner.) There seems a discrepancy here; the twice invo- stamin Incred flowers of the one, and the distichous scales of “looked for and found, but are so thin and diaphanous I ( 33 ) frondose herbs, flowers terminal, sometimes sub- racemose. 1918-4. Myropsrs HookKERIANA (Tul), rhizoma frond-like, thick, variously repand, gemmiferous on the margin: buds (gemma) one-flowered: leaves few, short or scale-like, ovate oblong, entire, disti- chously equitant: stigmas “anguloso-elongatis,” entire, distinct. Tul. In rivers near Bombay, Law. The specimens re- presented were communicated by Mr. Law. 1918-5. Mnıorsıs Jouwsowu (R. W.), rhizoma decumbent, sub-orbicular, variously repand on the margin; flower-buds scattered over the surface, 1- flowered: leaves 4-6, short, ovate, obtuse, imbricat- ing: stigmas dentiform: capsule globose, ecostate. Rivers in Malabar. Rev. E. Johnson. This seems to me a species fitted to unite Hydro- bryum and Mniopsis, having nearly the spathe of the one, and capsule of the other, I am not quite certain to which of the two organs the higher generic value attaches, but presuming that it is the capsule, I have referred this species to Mniopsis ; if the higher value belongs to the spathe or involucre, then it must, . I presume, be transferred to Hydrobryum. DALzELLIA (R. W., Lawia, Tulasne). Gen. CHAR. Perigonium calycine, 3-parted, vein- less, lobes equal, imbricated in astivation. Stamens 3, free, alternate with the lobes of the perianth. Stigmas 3, sessile, linear, short, diverging. Capsule 3-celled, longitudinally 9-ribbed. Small thrattiform or frondose plants, broadly expanding on all sides, or linearly-branched : leaves entire, the interior ones of each one-flowered, bud connate into an open tube: flowers scattered and terminal. Feeling myself under the necessity of changing Tulasne’s generic name, I have substituted his own very deserving one for that of my respected friend Mr. Law, to whom I had the honor of dedicating a genus so long ago as 1845, No. 1070 of this work, and republished it in the Calcutta Journal of Natural History in July 1846, with the following note : * A short time before the late Mr. Griffith left Cal- cutta for Malaeca, I sent him drawings of two species of Podostemon and specimens of several others, as materials towards a monograph of the Indian species of the order, which he then contemplated undertaking. Among those sent was one from Mr. Law, which we considered the type of a new genus, and which (at my suggestion) was to have been dedicated to its iscoverer. Unfortunately the quero ea, far at least as I have heard, was never written; I therefore took advantage of the opportunity which this plant presented, while naming a figure of it for my Icones, of placing Mr. Law's name permanently on the re- cords of Botany, by dedicating the genus to him, though, perhaps, less appropriately than if the plant had been found by himself.” This note will, 1 trust, remove all doubts on the sub- ject of priority, as a manuscript name can never take precedence of one defined and published. This however has been done inthe case of Giesekia rubella, a MS. name at the time my G. molluginoides was published in the same paper, but which latter, not- withstanding its priority of publication, is now quot- ed as a synonyme. To prevent a repetition of such supercession I take this opportunity of noticing the circumstance. as to be easily overlooked, unless expressly sought for. Inthe next place he has not caught the pecu- liar character of the capsule, which splits into two halves, one of which drops off, leaving the other per- | sistent on the end of the peduncle. The capsule, too, is 2-celled but which, owing to the partition easily separating from the valves, can scarcely be detected in a transverse section. The distinction between this and Dicrea is certainly not easily made out in this species, though quite possible under the guidance of a knowledge of the characters, and the points to be looked for, which the draftsman did not possess, and I was not present to direct him. 1918-1. Poposremon SUBULATUS (Gardner, Tul.), stem thick, rugous, short, simple or several, dichoto- mous; branches few, close-packed, spreading, short, densely leafy: limb of the leaves long, linear, subulate, simple, the dilated sheath stem-clasping: stamens in- serted near the middle of the pedicel. Tul. Rivers in Ceylon. Mahawalle Gunga near Holnicut. Fronds rigid, erect, terete, dichotomously branch- ed: branches densely floriferous: flowers distichous (two-ranked); scales solitary, much elongated, sub- ulate, coriaceous: spathe 3-4-lobed, rough; capsule 8-ribbed. G. The sheath of the leaves or scales is coriaceous, not the prolongation; at least as seen in dried specimens. Hyorosryum (Endlicher). Gen. CHAR. Involucre small,.ellipsoid, bladder- shaped, splitting along one side only, and then boat- shaped, two-valved. Staminodes two, linear, long. Stamens 2, monadelphous. Pollen didymous. Stig- mas two, sometimes tooth-like, entire; sometimes di- lated, membranous, wedge-shaped, toothed. Capsule with 8-12 slight ribs —Frondose herbs with scattered floriferous buds (gemma) and few leaves. 1918-2. HypRoBRYUM OLIVACEUM (Tul, Podoste- mon olivaceus, Gard.), rhizoma membranaceous, lichen- like, repandly foveolate, olive-green : buds foliaceous, scattered, 1-flowered : leaves boat-shaped, small: cap- sule 8-nerved. Rivers in Ceylon. Mahawalle near Holnicut. Mahawalle below Peradenia. Fronds decumbent, sub-orbicular, lobed, olive-co- loured: flowers exserted, from the upper part of the frond: scales 4-distichous, imbricating, obtuse : spathe dehiscing longitudinally, glabrous ; capsule 8-ribbed. 1918-3. Hyprosryum GRISEUM (Tul, Pod. Gri- seus, Gard.), rhizoma unequal, repand, greyish: folia- ceous buds numerous : capsule 8-nerved. Pycarrah river, Neilgherries. Fronds decumbent, u 1 lobes undulated, greyish: flowers springing from the upper part of the frond ; scales six distichous, imbricating, obtuse : spathe somewhat 2-valved, rough ; capsule 8-nerved. —Very near the preceding, but is considered by Mr. Gardner sufficiently distinct. Mxıorsıs (Martius). GEN. CHAR. Involucre utriform, obovate, some- what tubular, mouth several-lobed or toothed. Sta- minodes 2-3, linear, the middle one attached to the antheriferous filament,or wanting. Stamens 3, mona- delphous. Pollen didymous. Stigmas sometimes thick. several-lobed ; sometimes slightly elongated, entire, Capsule spherical, quite smooth. Small, caulescent or (M) 1919-4. DALZELLIA PEDUNCULOSA (R. ٧۷ .(, 88 spreading, margins free, lobed, gemmiferous : leaves, all aggregated and united to form the sheath, short bristle-like : peduncle 6-8 times the length of the sheath, very slender ; capsule ovoid, round, or scarce- ly angled. Salset, Bombay, Law. Though so like in character to the last, I believe this is a perfectly distinct species. 1920. DALzZELLIA RAMOSISSIMA (R. W.), rhizoma very long, slender, much branched, with numerous lateral floriferous branchlets, with one or several flowers, aggregated towards the apex: each flower bud usually accompanied with two slender, filiform, leafy ramuli: leaves subulate, imbricating, exterior ones short obtuse; middle ones longer, acute; interior 6 or 8 longest, ligulate, connate at the base, forming the short sheath: filaments at first very short, after- wards elongating. Anthers oblong, somewhat sagit— tate at the base, cells distinct: styles filiform, about the length of the ovary, hispid. Rivers in Malabar near Cochin, Rev. E. Johnson. This is a remarkable species on account of the great size to which it grows, some of my specimens being at least 18 inches long. Two points noticed above have either been over- looked by the draftsman, or they are not constant, and only met with in older plants than the specimen selected for representation: I allude to the short lateral floriferous branchlets each bearing from 2 or 3 to 6—8 sessile flowers, congested on their extremities. The other point overlooked, most probably from the specimens used being too young, is the filiform ramuli springing from near the base of the peduncles : these, so far as Ihave yet observed, do not, in any case, exceed the length of the peduncle, are not thicker than د‎ thread, and clothed their whole length with very slender, longish, imbricating leaves. It is cer- tainly a very distinct species, but whether or not these two points are merely occasionally present, or are constant and have been overlooked by the artist, is more than I can tell. Tristicua (Pet., Th.). Gen. Cuar. Perianth 3-parted, lobes imbricated in estivation. Stamens 1; the rest of the character as in Dalzellia. 1920-2. Tristicua BRYOIDES (Gard., T. hypnoides? Tul.), stem erect, ramous ; leaves imbricating, elliptic or elliptico-ovate, obtuse: pedicels axillary ; mo Aena lobes orbicular: capsule 9-ribbed. This being an American plant is introduced simply to show by contrast the difference between the two genera. It seems not improbable that species of the American genus may yet be found in India. These two genera m y represent each other in their respective floras, Dalzellia being to the Indian what Tristicha is to the American branch of the order. And, curiously enough, the numbers are nearly the same in each country, Tulasne has enumerated 5 species of Tristicha, and I have 5 of Dalzellia, to which 2 have to be added, D. pulchella and D. lon- gipes, which I have not seen, raising the Indian genus to seven species P. S. While this sheet was passing through the Press I discovered that the name Tulasnea was preoccupied. Ihave therefore taken the liberty of substituting that of N. A. Dalzell, Esq., M. A., of the Bombay Medical Establishment, a recent but most promising addition to the Indian Botani- cal corps, whose papers in Hooker’s Botanical Journal give assurance of his attaining the highest excellence in this, the branch of Science tc which he is devoting his attention. I beg the favor of the reader changing the name on the plate. 1919-1. DALZELLIA ZEYLANICA (R. W., Tristicha Zeylanica, Gard., Lawia Zeylanica, Tul.) rhizoma broadly expanding, thick, hardish : some of the leaves rosulate linear, short; some scattered, shortly ovate, acute, papilleform : flowers numerous, scattered, ris- ing from a broad longish sheath, externally beset on all sides with س0‎ papille : pedicellongish. Tul. Rivers in Ceylon. On smooth gneiss rocks in the Mahawalle Gunga, near Peradenia. i Fronds sub-orbicular, horizontal, irregularly-lobed: leaves fasčicled, small, linear, obtuse ; flowers spring- ing from the upper surface of the fronds: spathe conical, fleshy, echinate, open above: capsule 9-rib- bed. Gard. 1919-2. Darzerira FOLIOSA (R. W.), rhizoma spreading, lichen-like, lobed and free on the margin: buds for the most part on the free margins: leaves. numerous, fascicled round the base of the pedicel, long, linear, pointed: no sheath: pedicel two or three times the length of the leaves. Rivers, Salset near Bombay, Law. This is a very distinct species and most easily recognized by its tufts of well-formed leaves, and no sheaths. The leaves under the microscope exhibit very conspicuously the hexagonal cellular texture so generally observable in monocotyledonous plants. For the accuracy of the representation of the section of the seed at figure 8 of the plate, I will not venture to vouch. If correct, it is an anomaly in the order. 1919-3. DarzeLzia Lawn (R. W.), rhizoma spread- ing, margins free, gemmiferous : leaves, surrounding the sheath, few, short, broader than those within, somewhat lanceolate; those of the sheath very nu- merous, short, needle-shaped, recurved: pedicels shortish : capsule ovoid, scarcely angled. Salset near Bombay, Law. This is very distinct from the preceding in the character of its leaves and sheaths, and is about equally distinct from the following in the length of the pedicel. This is a point not well brought out by the artist, whose eye for proportion is not very correct for things in their natural state, and for ob- jects as seen under the microscope is utterly wanting. He seems to look more to the space available on his paper than to the relative sizes of parts of the object to be delineated. Ihave now before me side by side on the field of the microscope specimens of all the three Bombay species. The peduncles of 2 and 4 are about the same length, but that of 2 is nearly twice as thick: while the length of No. 3 is less by two-thirds than that of the others. I feel it necessary to mention this peculiarity of the artist’s vision to pre- vent the magnified figures, which should be especially correct, misleading those who consult them. The forms of parts are correctly enough shown, but the relative sizes are often incorrect. PRINTED AT THE AMERICAN MISSION PRESS, MADRAS, JANUARY 1852. CAM) p^ . 4624 — | ام و( و رن | PSN Ne NS C = CX SKN SS SS ru KS M28. 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