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THE GIFT OF

THE GIFT OF

I.

FLORA NOVÆ-ZELANDIÆ.

BOTANY OF NEW ZEALAND.

Parr IL. FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

THE BOTANY

OF

THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE

OF
H.M. DISCOVERY SHIPS ZREBUS AND TERROR,
IN THE YEARS 1839-1843,

UNDER THE COMMAND OF

CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, Kr., R.N., F.R.S. € L.S., ETC.

BY

JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., R.N., F.R.S. & L.S., rro,

ASSISTANT SURGEON OF THE “ EREBUS,” AND BOTANIST TO THE EXPEDITION.

: u:
FLORA NOVFE-ZELANDLE.
Parr IL FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

Published unver the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

LONDON:
LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1855.

ae

PRINTED BY

JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, I
LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. i

i

i

FLORA

OF

NEW ZEALAND.

Past IL CRYPTOGAMIA.

Nat. Ord. FILICES, Juss.

FznNs and their allies’ are by far the most conspicuous, and at the same time beautiful, Natural Orders
of New Zealand plants. I have enumerated 117 species in the following synopsis, a number which, for rea-
sons I have elsewhere stated (Introductory Essay, p. vi), is not likely to be much augmented by novelties,
though it may be doubled by those who attach importance to those variations of outline and texture which
I do not find accompanied by such peculiarities of structure as would induce me to consider them of spe-
cific value. Except a comprehensive view be taken of the species of Ferns, and considerable latitude be
allowed for their variations, there are no limits assignable to the number of forms they present, which may be
defined by a name, though not possessing constant characters. Every species of wide distribution displays
such a tendency to vary with each modification of temperature, soil, and exposure, that none can be
pronounced distinct from its allies until examined in all its forms and from many countries. It is an
unfortunate circumstance for the state of Pteridology, that this fact has been so systematically disregarded
by naturalists, that this Natural Order is encumbered with a synonymy which is quite unparalleled in
any other of the Vegetable Kingdom.

The remarkably wide dispersion of the individual species of Ferns is another fact that should enforce
caution in their study; but though every succeeding work on the subject enlarges our knowledge of the
range of each species, instances are daily occurring of plants being proposed and described as new, which
have no claim to novelty but their birth-place.

I would particularly draw the attention of the New Zealand student to two principles,—on the one
hand, that he must allow some latitude to the construction of the characters I have laid down, and on the
other, that though a Fern under examination may be obviously new to this Flora, it is not therefore necessarily
new to science. The neglect of this latter consideration has added numerous names to the New Zealand
Ferns: in one case a New Zealand Fern well known to general botanists for many years, was found in
Europe for the first time, and, because not included in any European Flora, was named and described as a

VOL. I. B

2 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Filices.

new species; and in very many other cases better known Ferns, on being found for the first time in New
Zealand, have been described as new, though well known and long described as inhabitants of Europe and
many intermediate countries. It need hardly be observed, that a little of that general knowledge of the
Natural Order which every one ought to possess, who essays describing its species, would prevent such
errors; as would the consultation of a general herbarium, previous to which no one should attempt
publication in systematic botany.

Of the 117 species comprised in this Flora, only forty-two are peculiar to New Zealand, so far as my
materials enable me to judge; but when it is considered how little is known of the Ferns of the islands of
New Hebrides and New Caledonia, it is not to be doubted but that some of those now considered peculiar
will be found there: in support of which I would remark, that several of the New Zealand species which are
not known to be natives of Australia or America have been found on the lofty mountains of Java, and
others again in South Africa. Thirty of the New Zealand Ferns also inhabit South America, and sixty-one,
or more than one-half, Australia and Tasmania; almost all the Ferns of the latter countries being natives
of New Zealand. Twenty-five species are common to the three south temperate masses of land, Australia
(including Tasmania), New Zealand, and South America; and upwards of thirty inhabit so many widely
distant parts of the world that they may be termed cosmopolitan or mundane. Ten are European, —a small
proportion,—but this arises from Europe, in common with the whole north temperate zone north of lati-
tude 30°, being very poor indeed in Ferns, as compared with the tropical regions and south temperate zone ;
so that though these ten form so small a proportion of the New Zealand Filices, they include a very con-
siderable part of the European ones.

With regard to the classification of Ferns, in no branch of Botany have more arbitrary characters
been used for systematic purposes, and in none have natural characters been more overlooked. Since the
time when the form of the sorus was employed for the purpose of classification, the genera have undergone
two more or less general arrangements, founded on characters presented by organs whose importance is
very differently estimated by botanists. For many years the only means adopted for grouping and limiting
the genera was the presence or absence, form and insertion, of the involucre (or indusium); more lately, the
disposition and ramification of the veins has been advocated as of paramount importance; and we are now
threatened. with a third fundamental change, founded on the habit, mode of increase, and development of
the caudex or rhizome. It appears to me that all these organs afford characters of the greatest value, but
that an arrangement founded on the consideration of one only can by no means be regarded as sound. No
single character, or modification of a single organ, affords a clavis to the natural system of Ferns ; by no one
alone can the genera be naturally limited or naturally grouped. The tribes are no doubt best characterized
by the structure of the capsules, by the position and perfection of the ring that partially or wholly surrounds
them, and by the form of the spores, but these organs are of little or no further avail. With regard to
the genera, it appears to me that the indusium, the venation, and the position and form of the sori, must all
be taken into consideration, and that no one of these organs is to be considered as of much higher import-
ance than the others, and none by itself of so great importance as any combination of the others ; and that
one character should never constitute a genus, except when accompanied by some very marked habit.
The rhizome I consider in most cases to afford characters of specific importance only, because throughout
the whole Natural Order it is found to differ much in species that are closely allied in every other respect.
In one point of view the rhizome is a character of greater value than any other, for it never varies in a
species, whereas there are many normally indusiate Ferns in which the indusium is not developed, others
in which the indusium presents the characters of several genera on one frond; while in not a few cases the
exclusive use of the venation has given rise to several genera being established on one species. It is

Pilices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 3

however an error to conclude that the organs least liable to vary in individual species are therefore the
best adapted for the general purposes of classification, however conspicuous they may be. Though I
consider habit of growth and the mode of development of the axis to be of higher systematic value in
Cryptogamic plants than in Pheenogamic ones, I am convinced that this is the case, not so much from these
organs in Ferns presenting characters of higher structural or physiological importance than they do in
flowering-plants, but from their value being greater in comparison with those afforded by the extremely
simple organs of reproduction.

With regard to the analogies that exist, or have been supposed to exist, between the various organs of
Cryptogamic and Pheenogamic plants, I do not think they warrant our employing them for purposes of
classification. Ido not recognize any analogy between the two types upon which the rhizomes of Ferns
are developed, and exogenous and endogenous wood; nor, were such an analogy to be established, or even
were we warranted in considering Exogens and Desmobrya*, or Endogens and Eremobrya, identical in mode
of development, would it follow that the rhizome of Ferns was of the same importance in a systematic point
of view as are the stems of flowering-plants ; for organs that afford characters of the highest importance in
one Class-or Natural Order, are valueless for the same purpose in another.

The following synopsis aims at little beyond a systematic arrangement of the New Zealand Ferns, ac-
companied with such characters as shall enable the student to name his plant and determine its affinities
and distribution. In constructing it, I have often been obliged to adopt merely artificial characters, and in
a few instances to separate widely closely-allied plants. It would have been easy to have arranged the
species in a strictly natural series, but very difficult, if not impossible, to have so defined the genera, when
thus arranged, that a student could avail himself of the arrangement. Under these circumstances, I have
thought it better not to sacrifice utility to considerations of a highly scientific nature only, which could
only be understood after a complete knowledge of the species is obtained, and which cannot then be appre-
ciated by a study of the New Zealand Ferns alone. To obviate this defect, I have always given the true
affinities of the misplaced species in the notes under itself, and under its nearest ally in the genus to which
it should naturally belong.

Amongst the more important points to be attended to are the following. The tribes, though for the
most part natural, are not of equal value; thus Ophioglossee and Marattiacee are structurally more dif-
ferent from one another and from the rest of Ferns than Polypodiee and Cyathee are. The division of

* These are the terms employed by Mr. John Smith (of the Royal Gardens, Kew) for distinguishing the two
forms of rhizome that prevail throughout Ferns: of these the Hremobrya throw off the fronds from different parts of
an elongated rhizome, with which their stipites are jointed ; in the Desmobrya, on the contrary, the fronds are clus-
tered towards the apex of the rhizome, and their stipites are not jointed at their insertion. The Hymenophylla, the
Polysticha, Trichomanes, and all the Stegani@ are Desmobryous, according to this definition ; Analepis, Phymatodes,
etc., are Eremobryous. Such are the definitions of the terms, as now defined to me by Mr. Smith. According
however to an excellent little work on the British Ferns (Moore’s Handbook, ed. 2), the term Desmobrya was
originally proposed by Mr. Smith for Ferns with fasciculate fronds, and Zremobrya for those with the stipites
inserted laterally on the rhizome. Mr. Moore adds, that this suggestion was followed up by Mr. Newman, who
proposes the term Zremodrya for Ferns with lateral articulated stipites ; Chorismobrya for those with lateral adherent
stipites; Desmobrya for those with continuous tufted stipites ; and Orthobrya for Ferns, such as Botrychium and
Ophioglossum, whose fronds are not circinate in vernation. To me it appears that all these terms express most
important characters, available for systematic purposes, and which have been too long overlooked. But I must
add, that I do not find that these alone afford satisfactory characters for the construction of tribes, or, in many
cases, of genera even. I am indebted to Mr. Smith’s great knowledge of Ferns for very much assistance in this
Natural Order, and for his ready help in many cases of difficult synonymy, and in assigning limits to the New
Zealand species, about which we have, I may say in every case, arrived at the same conclusion.

4 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Pilices.

Polypodiee into those with naked and indusiate sori is to a great extent artificial ; it separates Polypodium
rugulosum and Hypolepis tenella, Ferns which are probably one and the same species; while Polystichum
venustum and Polypodium sylwaticum also, are very nearly allied indeed ; but, to have avoided this, I must
either have given each species a genus to itself, or have distributed them amongst other genera, where they
would never have been found by the student, and to which some of them are but doubtfully allied.

I have adopted thirty-seven genera in all, which is one for every four species: most of these are ad-
mitted by all botanists, and five of them are broken up by most (especially Pteris): had I adopted all the
genera that have been proposed, there would have been one for nearly every Fern in New Zealand.

In the treatment of the species I feel that I am open to more criticism, inasmuch as I have reduced so
very many species proposed by excellent botanists (who have made Ferns their especial study) to varieties
of better known and more widely distributed plants ; I have not, however, done so without much hesitation,
nor until after many years’ familiarity with the species. I must refer to Chap. II. $ 2. of the Introductory
Essay to this Flora, for the considerations involved in this question; and I must especially repeat the fact, that
I have not only gathered a large proportion of the species myself in New Zealand, but have found them in
other countries, have seen them growing under Mr. Smith’s care at Kew, have examined and compared far
more specimens from New Zealand and elsewhere than any of my predecessors can have done, or than any
of my successors are likely to have the opportunity of doing for many years to come. Of all New Zealand
plants these are the most variable, and the most difficult to recognize by descriptions without plates or
specimens: indeed, without access to a very extensive herbarium it is not advisable to describe supposed
novelties amongst Ferns. The Natural Order is already encumbered with an unparalleled amount of
synonymy ; and by the time that general collections shall have been accumulated, and rendered sufficiently
complete for satisfactory study, this branch of science will be rendered impracticable, except by the few pro-
ficients who have grown up with the growth of the evil: then probably a reaction will ensue, the opposite
course will be too eagerly pursued, and the reduction of book species will be carried out with as unsparing
a hand as is now employed in their multiplication.

There are many genera under which I have ventured upon observations that may appear to require
confirmation; as when I state my suspicion that there is but one species of Ophioglossum of the vulgatum
group, and one of Botrychium with decompound fronds, which includes Virginicum, Australe, and its allies.
These are points upon which my own mind has long been made up, and which E have discussed with various
Pteridologists, most of whom, after examining all my materials, have come to the same conclusion.

Tribe I. Grercueniacra, Br.— Capsules 2-4, sessile, bursting longitudinally, completely surrounded by an
oblique or transverse striated ring. Gen. I.

Gen. I. GLEICHENTA, Smith.

Involucrum 0, v. e margine frondis revolute. Capsule in quovis soro 1-6, sessiles, annulo completo
einet, longitudinaliter dehiscentes.

* Had Pteridologists arrived at any conclusion as to the value of the organs of Ferns in a systematic point of
view, and had there been any good system of the genera published, I should have adopted it for this work, and
given an artificial clavis for the student as well; but so long as one naturalist relies on the veins for characters,
another on the indusium, a third on the rhizome, a fourth draws characters from the number of cells in the elastic
rings of the capsules, and a fifth considers the slightest deviation from the assumed typical form of any one of these
organs, as sufficient to constitute a genus, it is obvious that the science is retrograding, and must do so till more
philosophical principles are adopted.

Lilices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 5

A large genus, of coriaceous, rigid, opaque Ferns, chiefly natives of the Tropics, Australia, and New Zealand :
a few are found in Japan, Owhyhee, and temperate South America.— Rhizome creeping, often chaffy or woolly, as
is the whole plant sometimes. Stipes erect, rigid, sometimes very tall and slender. Frond dichotomously
branched ; branches simple or pinnate. Pinne narrow, pinnatifid; the segments generally convex, sometimes with
revolute margins, which form an involucre. Sori of 1-6 sessile capsules, that burst longitudinally, each surrounded
by a complete ring, placed at the end or middle or axil of the simple or forked veinlets. The microscopic cha-
racters of a naked sorus and complete ring surrounding the sessile capsule, which bursts from the base to the
apex, are certain marks of this genus. (Name in honour of K. JF. F. von Gleichen, a German author on micro-
scopie plants.)

$ 1. EUGLEICHENTA.—Soyus at the apex of a veinlet. Segments of the pinne broad, short.

1. Gleichenia semi-vestita, Lab.; fronde dichotome ramosa, ramis divaricatis pinnatis, pinnis pin-
natifidis glabris, lobis subrotundis ovatisve planis concavisve, capsulis 1-4 exsertis, rachibus stipiteque
superne hirtis, pilis ferrugineis rachi scepius stellatis.—L£abill. Sert. Nov. Cal. 4.8. t. 11. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
2.8.1.2 4. G. microphylla, Br. Prodr.

Var. ®. hecistophylla ; pinnarum lobis valde concavis capsulas tegentibus, rachi interdum lanata.—G.
hecistophylla, A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 4. t. 2 B.

Has. Northern Island; abundant in open Fern-lands, etc. Chatham Island, Diefenbach. Nat.
name, “ Wae wae kaka” ( parrots foot), north of the Thames, and * Wae wae matuku" (heron’s foot),
south of that river, Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A common Australian and Tasmanian Fern, which I cannot distinguish from G. semi-vestita, Lab., of New
Caledonia and the Malay Islands, but Australian specimens of which have hitherto been called G. microphylla, and
New Zealand ones G. hecistophylla. The latter name was given to a variety having the segments of the pinne
much more concave than usual, a character I find to be in' constant, the segments varying from quite flat with
the sori exposed, to deeply concave with the sori concealed by their revolute margins.—Fronds 11-3 feet high.
Rachis terete, slender, generally smooth, often shining below, woolly or Chaffy above. Branches dichotomous,
spreading, a span to a foot long, forked and pinnate; rachis chaffy and covered with scattered stellate rusty-red
hairs. Pinne 3-2 inches long, 4 inch broad, shining above, often glaucous below, there covered with long, weak,
lax deciduous hairs, or perfectly glabrous; costa often chaffy in the young state, smooth in the old. Segments
broadly oblong, or rounded. Capsules one to four.

2. Gleichenia dicarpa, Br.; fronde dichotome ramosa, ramis divaricatis pinnatis, pinnis pinnatifidis
subtus densissime ferrugineo-lanatis squamosisque glabratis glaberrimisve, segmentis orbiculatis saccatis lato
Margine cinctis, capsulis binis, rachi costaque lanatis paleaceisque rarius glabratis.— B. Prod». Hook. Sp.
Flo lpm 8.4.10. Kunze, Farnkr. p. 164. t. 1. 5:9.

Var. B. alpina ; minor, densius ferrugineo-lanata et paleacea.—G. alpina, Br. et Hook. i. c. Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58.

Has. Middle Island: Foveaux Straits, Zyall. Var. 8. Taupo Lake, in dense tufts, Colenso.

This is a rather common Tasmanian plant, also found in Bass’s Straits, and varies extremely in the amount of
woolly clothing it bears. Sometimes the whole plant, from the rhizome upwards, is clothed with a soft brown wool
and chaff (such is especially the case with alpine specimens) ; at other times the plant is nearly glabrous throughout,
and the under surface of the lobes is glaucous. Tasmanian specimens attain nearly as large a size as G. semi-vestita,
my New Zealand ones are smaller and more slender. The pinnz are more slender than in G. semi-vestila, and the
Saccate lobes, which look like closed boxes with transverse slits, at once distinguish this specifically. I have in vain
attempted to distinguish G. alpina as a Species; it is certainly only an alpine, and consequently stunted, and often
woolly state of G. dicarpa. I have not only gathered these varieties passing into one another, but Mr. Gunn’s

VOL. II. &

6 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Pilices.

magnificent suites of Tasmanian specimens show every transition state; and Mr. Colenso's, from. Taupo Plains,
(which are very slender,) are intermediate in character. Some of my specimens of var. B, alpina, from Mount
Wellington (Tasmania), are as glabrous as any of G. dicarpa.

§ 2. Murrensia.—Sorus at the middle or fork of a veinlet. Segments of the pinne linear.

3. Gleichenia Cunninghamii, Heward ; fronde coriacea dichotome ramosa sepe prolifera, ramis pinnisve
lanceolatis linearibusve pinnatifidis, pinnulis linearibus obtusis acutisve integerrimis subtus glaucis pilosis
' glabratisve marginibus planis recurvisve integerrimis, capsulis 4-6 exsertis, stipite rachi costaque squamis
bullatis deciduis paleacea v. nuda.— Hew. MSS. in Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 6.4.6 B. (Tas. LXXI)

Has. Northern Island, Cunningham, ete., as far south as Queen Charlotte's Sound, Lyal/.

I have studied this plant under several forms, and am not satisfied of its being permanently distinct from the
G. flabellata. The latter plant is much less coriaceous and more glabrous (characters of little importance), and
has longer segments of the pinne, which are more or less serrated. There are specimens closely resembling this
plant in Herb. Hook. from South Chili, and from Port Natal (G. wmbraculifera, Kze.).—Stipes very stout, a foot
long, erect, grooved down one side, pale, smooth, or sometimes covered above with large pale deciduous bullate
scales, that are also found on the rachis and costa, or are wholly absent. Branches stout, curving, dichotomously
and proliferously branched, 6-15 inches long, 3-1 inch broad, woolly at the base, rarely wholly glabrous, some-
times running out into long serrate points, pinnate below, pinnatifid above. Segments decurrent on the branches,
coriaceous, falcate, linear, 1—2 inch long, 4-4 broad, plane or with recurved or revolute margins, often glaucous below.
Capsules two to six, generally exposed.—PrATE LXXI. Fig. 1, upper, 2, under surface of segments ; 3, capsules :
—all magnified.

4. Gleichenia flabellata, Br. ; fronde submembranacea dichotome ramosa prolifera flabelliformi bipin-
nata, pinnulis ascendentibus linearibus acutis serrulatis utrinque concoloribus subtus glaberrimis pubescenti-
busve, capsulis 4-6 exsertis, costa rachi stipiteque nudis glaberrimis v. rarius pubescentibus.—.Br. Prodr.
Lab. Sert. Aust. Caled. p. 9. t. 12. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 6.

Haz. Northern Island, in shaded woods: Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Also found in Australia and Tasmania, and in New Caledonia. A much larger plant than G. Cunningham,
2—4 feet high, with larger, broader, more membranous and proliferous fronds, having several tiers of branches rising
above one another.—Pinnules narrow, long, serrate, green on both sides. Stipes, costa, and rachis without bullate
scales.

Oss. G. Hermanni, Br. (Polypod. dichotomum, Forst. Prodr.), is introduced into A. Cunningham’s Prodromus
on Forster’s authority, who states that the roots are eaten roasted. I have no reason to suppose @. Hermanni to be
a New Zealand plant, and much to suspect some mistake in this case, having several times found discrepancies
between the naming of the species in Forster's several Herbaria, and between these and his Prodromus ; his ha-
bitats too are sometimes erroneous. Forster no doubt refers to one of the New Zealand species as the esculent of
that country.

Tribe IL. Cvarnem.—Sorus globose. Capsules with an incomplete vertical ring, sessile or stalked, placed
on an elevated receptacle, often mined with jointed hairs. Gen. IL. to IV.

Gen. II. CYATHEA, Sm.

Sori dorsales, globosi, receptaculo globoso v. clavato siti. Involucrum globosum, primum clausum,

membranaceum v. corneum, demum apice lacero dehiscens v. basi rupta sorum nudans, cyathiforme. Vene
liberze, furcatee v. simplices.—Caudex sepius arborescens.

Pilices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 7

A large genus of arborescent Ferns, natives of Tropical and South Temperate countries generally.—Sori at
the back of the segments, removed from their margin, of numerous capsules, forming a globose mass on an elevated
or club-shaped receptacle, enclosed in a spherical, coriaceous, or membranous involucre, which bursts from the
base or irregularly from the top, and finally forms a more or less complete cup round the sorus. (Name from
kvabos, a cup.)

1. Cyathea medullaris, Sw.; arborea, stipite rachibusque muricatis, fronde coriacea 2-3-pinnata,
pinnulis sessilibus late lanceolatis acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis glabris subtus sparse paleaceis, segmentis
linearibus oblongisve obtusis crenato-serratis rarius integerrimis inferioribus pinnatifidis, soris latiusculis
lobulis pinnulorum recurvis sitis, involucro membranaceo demum 3-4-lobo fimbriato-lacero.—Schkuhr,
Fil. f. 183. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 217. A. Cunn. Prodr. A. Rich. Flora. Polypodium medullare, Forst.
Prodr.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Akaroa, Raoul. Nat. name, “ Korau” of the
northern tribes, “ Mamaku” of the southern, Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A very noble Tree-fern, the succulent pith of which is the best food of the kind which the New Zealand forests
afford. It is also a native of Norfolk Island, and probably of New Guinea, Otaheite, the Coral Islands, and
Bonim, whence fronds have been brought, hardly differing from those of the New Zealand plant, but the nature of
whose trunks is unknown.—Zrunk 12-14 feet high, 6 to 8 in circumference, rough from being covered with the
black bases of the stipites. Fronds very numerous, 18 feet long, erecto-patent, tripinnate, coriaceous, deep green
above, pale beneath. Stipes and rachis covered with little scattered tubercles. Pinnules sessile, linear, 4—6 inches
long, 4-14. broad, acuminate, pinnatifid to the costa, pinnate towards the base, glabrous or covered with ciliated
scales. Segments linear, faleate, acute, z inch long, 2-3 broad, crenate-serrate; the lower segments pinnatifid.
Sori numerous, one on each tooth of the segment, whose recurved margin partly hides it. Zmvolucre irregularly
split to the base into several torn segments. Capsules mixed with hairs.—In barren fronds the segments are broader
and obscurely toothed.

2. Cyathea dealbata, Sw.; arborea, rachi costaque pube decidua vestita, fronde bipinnata, pinnulis
sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis basi pinnatis subtus glaucis, segmentis lineari-
oblongis obtusis faleatis serratis, soris inter marginem costamque medio sitis, involucro globoso membranaceo
demum lacero.— Swartz, Syn. Fil. A. Rich. Flor. B. T1. 1. 10. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 27.

Has. Throughout the Northern Island, and in the north parts of the Middle Island, Banks and So-
lander, ete., as far south as Akaroa, Raoul. Nat. name, “ Ponga," Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

The tallest and most graceful Tree-fern of New Zealand, conspicuous for the milk-white under-surface of the
fronds; often forming groups: it grows in no other part of the world.— Trunk sometimes branched, 40 feet high,
slender, dark-coloured. Mr. Edgerley says that the pith is eaten like that of C. medullaris, but the statement wants
confirmation. Fronds bipinnate; rachis and midrib of the pinnules covered with a soft pale deciduous down. Stipes
and rachis slender. Pinne 1-1} feet long, green above, white and very glaucous below. Pinnules linear-lanceolate,
2-4 inches long, acuminate or caudate, 4-4 inch long, pinnatifid, and pinnate towards the base. Segments close
set, linear-oblong, blunt, serrate. Sori pale brown, numerous. Involuere membranous, lacerated. Receptacle pu-
bescent.

3. Cyathea Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. ; tachi submuricata, fronde tripinnata flaccida, pinnulis sessili-
bus lineari-elongatis obtusis pinnatifido-lobatis, lobulis rotundatis glaberrimis, involucris demum laceris v.

hemisphericis margine subintegris, rachi costaque supra strigoso-pubescentibus infra tomentosis squa-
mosisque rarius glabratis glaberrimisve punctis minimis muricatis.—Nob. in Hook. Ie. Plant. t. 985.

Has. New Zealand, Forster. Northern Island: Wycari River, Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham.
Mountains of the east coast and interior, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Nat. name, “ Punui," Col.

8 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Pilices.

The finest specimen of this which I have seen is a portion of a frond with the main rachis, gathered by Cun-
ningham, and now in Mr. Heward’s Herbarium. Forster's is a single pinna in the Hookerian Herbarium. Mr.
Colenso’s specimens are smaller and in a younger state; Dr. Sinclair’s are very glabrous throughout. All these are
intermediate between C. medullaris and C. Smithii, differing from the former in the flaccid, membranous, pale green
fronds, which are more or less pubescent and scaly along the partial rachis and costa beneath, and from the latter in
the longer pinnules. The involucre is sometimes irregularly torn from the top; at others, and apparently more frequently,
it separates from the base on one side and turns back against the frond as a shallow cup, exactly as in the C. Smithi :
both states of involucre occur on the same frond. Main rachis muricated with minute scattered raised points.

4. Cyathea Smithii, Hook. fil.; arborea, stipite basi paleis rigidis elongatis serrulatis dense crinito
superne glabrato, rachi costaque infra sparse pilosis pilis laxis rufis deciduis ornatis supra strigoso-villosis,
fronde bipinnata, pinnis primariis lineari-elongatis, secundariis sessilibus linearibus lineari-oblongisve sub-
acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis basi pinnatis, segmentis lineari-oblongis acutis subfalcatis serratis Crena-
tisve supra glaberrimis infra costa basi paleacea pilosa v. glabrata, soris ad angulum vene furcate insertis,
indusio hemispheerico. (Tas. LXXII.)

Has. Northern Island; mountains of the east coast and interior: Tehawera, Tararua, and Ruahine
range, Colenso; Wellington, Sinclair; Middle Island, Lyall.

A beautiful Tree-fern, discovered by Mr. Colenso, who says that the trunk attains 24 feet in height, and is
rough with the persistent bases of the stipes. Dr. Sinclair's specimens are old and almost entirely glabrous.—
Pronds very delicate and beautiful, 6-7 feet long, used by the natives to ornament their meeting-places, etc. Young
stipes at the base densely clothed with a thick brush of long, shining, rigid, dark brown, linear-subulate paleze, 13
inch long; these are shorter, broader, and curved on the old stipes. Main rachis pale, quite smooth, as are the
partial ones towards their bases on the under surface of the frond, more or less hairy or paleaceous towards the ends
of the pinne, as are the midribs of the pinnules. Pinne 12-15 inches long, 4-5 broad, deep green and glabrous
above, except along the rachis and costa, which are densely pubescent or strigose, paler green below. Secondary
pinne 2-23 inches long, + inch broad, deeply pinnatifid, pinnate at the base. Segments linear-oblong, acute,
slightly curved, coarsely toothed. Sori at the fork of a vein. Receptacle club-shaped, glabrous. Involucre a small
shallow cup, that covers the sorus in a very young state, bursts transversely externally on one side, and then
becomes reflected against the frond, as in Hemitelia, from which genus it differs in habit and in the young involucre
covering the sorus. (Named in honour of Mr, J. Smith, the able curator of the Royal Gardens at Kew, who is no
less distinguished for his knowledge of this Natural Order, than for the skill and zeal which he has devoted to the
collection of living Ferns in those gardens, which is incomparably the finest and richest in Europe.)—Piare LXXII.
Fig. 1, part of stipes; 2, scale from the same; 3, pinnule with sori; 4, receptacle and involucre :—all magnified.

Gen. III. ALSOPHILA, Br.

Sori dorsales, globosi. Receptaculum prominulum. Involucrum 0. Vene pinnate, libere, simplices
v. furcatee.—Caudex sepius arborescens. :

A very large genus of tropical Tree-ferns, of which more than fifty species are enumerated, but few of which
grow in the south temperate zone: of these one is an Australian plant, found also on the north coast of Tasmania,
and another is the 4. excelsa of Norfolk Island, which is the loftiest of Tree-ferns, and said to attain 80 feet, and
the third is the plant here described. The genus is distinguished from the two preceding by the absence of any
involucre, and from Polypodium by the arborescent habit and elevated receptacle of the sorus. The latter often
bears long jointed hairs amongst the capsules. (Name from adoos, a grove, and quo, to love.)

1. Alsophila Colensoi, Hook. fil. ; arborea, fronde gracili bipinnata submembranacea, rachi costaque
superne laxe paleaceo-pilosa subtus pilosa squamisque bullatis membranaceis deciduis ornata, pinnulis

Felices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 9

lineari-lanceolatis profunde pinnatifidis supra glabris, segmentis lincari-oblongis obtusis subcrenatis, soris
medio venæ v. ad angulum vence furcate sitis, capsulis pilis laxis elongatis immixtis. (Tas. LXXIII.)
Has. Northern Island: Ruahine range, Colenso.

A very beautiful and delicate-fronded Tree-fern, of some specimens of which Mr. Colenso remarks that they
never produce an arborescent caudex, whilst of others that the trunk is 4—5 feet high. The young fronds are thickly
covered with long, weak, lax, rusty-brown hairs, mixed on the under surface with bullate, ovate, membranous,
fimbriated scales, that end in hair-like points; beneath these there is more or less of a reddish stellate down : this
clothing is deciduous, but some of it remains in all states of the plants.—Frond apparently 3—4 feet long, and
bipinnate; rachis weak. Pinne 12 inches long and 4 broad, lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules distant, 13—9 inches
long and 4-2 broad, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid. Segments linear-oblong, nearly straight, blunt, and bluntly
toothed. Sori very numerous and prominent, often occupying the whole segment. Capsules raised on a club-shaped
receptacle, mixed with long, weak, jointed hairs.—I have dedicated this beautiful Fern to its zealous discoverer.—

PrATE LXXIII. Fig. 1, scale of costa ; 2, segment; 3, portion of the same; 4, capsules; 5, jointed hairs of recep-
tacle :—all magnified.

Gen. IV. DICKSONIA, Z/ Héit.

Sori marginales, globosi. Receptaculum prominulum. Involucrum bivalve ; verum e apice venule

ortum, extus liberum; spurium e lobulo pinnule reflexo, alterum equitans. Ven@ simplices v. furcatce.—
Caudex sepius arborescens.

A large genus of Ferns: many are arborescent, as the beautiful D. Antarctica, the handsomest of all Tree-ferns,
whose trunk attains in Tasmania a girth of 12 feet throughout its height of 40.—Sori on the margins of the pin-
nules. Capsules on an elevated receptacle, enclosed in a two-valved involucre. Inner valve, or true involucre, coria-
ceous, but less so than the outer, arising from the end of a vein ; outer, the recurved segment or tooth of the pinnule
opposite the inner. (Named in honour of Mr. James Dickson, a Scotch botanist.)

1. Dicksonia squarrosa, Sw. ; stipite nigro rachibusque tuberculis asperis, partialibus costisque supra
laxe pilosis subtus subhispidis, fronde bi-tripinnata coriacea, pinnis longe acuminatis, pinnulis lineari-
elongatis breve stipitatis sessilibusve supra glaberrimis subtus ad costam laxe pubescente-pilosis glabratisve
sterilibus pinnatifidis fertilibus pinnatis, segmentis lineari-oblongis subpungentibus argute profunde den-
tatis fertilibus contractis dentibus omnibus soriferis, involucri valvis eequalibus.—Swartz, Syn. Fil. Sehkuhr,
Fil. p. 194. f. 130 (barren frond). Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. 4. 68. Trichomanes squarrosum, Forst. Prodr.

Has. Throughout the Islands ; abundant from the Bay of Islands to Dusky Bay, Banks and So-
lander, ete. Nat. name, * Weki,” Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A very handsome Tree-fern, the most southern in the world, often growing in groups, with a trunk 10-15 feet
high, rough from the persistent bases of the black stipites.— Young stipes clothed at the base with soft, pale brown
wool; old stipes, rachis, and midribs of the pinnz rough with little tubercles, black on the lower surface, paler
above; partial rachis and ribs on both surfaces covered more or less with deciduous spreading hairs and chaff, which
fall away from the old specimens. Fronds very rigid and coriaceous, 10 feet long, twice or thrice pinnate. Pinne
12-20 inches long, 4-6 broad, with long acuminate points or tails. Pinnules often stipitate, linear-elongate, acumi-
nate, 3-4 inches long, 2-2 inch broad, barren ones less rigid and pinnatifid, fertile narrower and pinnate. Segments
short, oblong, stiff, 275 inch long, with pungent points, deeply crenate-toothed. Sori very numerous and large,
generally occupying every tooth of every pinnule throughout a great portion of the frond, whose whole surface they
‘thus cover with a rich brown tint. 7% alves of the involucre hemispherical, nearly equal.

2. Dicksonia Antarctica, Br. ; stipite rachique levi, partialibus costisque molliter patentim pilosis

demum glabratis, fronde coriacea bipinnata, pinnis lineari-elongatis longe acuminatis, pinnulis sessilibus
VOL. II. D

10 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Filices.

profunde pinnatifidis linearibus acutis, segmentis brevibus pungentibus grosse argute serratis, soris quovis
lobulo sub-4, involucri valvis «equalibus. D. fibrosa, Colenso in Tasm. Journ. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 68.
t. 23 B.

Has. Northern Island : East Coast, Wairarapa Valley, Te-waiite, and Mohaka, Colenso. Nat. names,
“ Weki-ponga” and “ Tuhirunga,” Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

This, the D. Antarctica of Tasmania, has the trunk covered with matted rootlets, which increase its bulk con-
siderably, to 20 inches in New Zealand according to Mr. Colenso, who alone has gathered this species there, and to
4 feet in Tasmania, where its trunk attains 40 feet elevation. Mr. Colenso adds that it grows 18 feet high, that
the fibrous coat is sliced and used in constructing houses, etc., that the fronds spread and are very few in number.—
Stipes smooth, pale, glabrous ; partial rachis and midribs on both surfaces more or less clothed with soft spreading
hairs, which are very deciduous. Fronds apparently 6-8 feet long, lanceolate, narrowed downwards, bipinnate,
less coriaceous than in D. squarrosa. Pinne 10 inches long, lj inch broad, narrowed into long tips. Pin-
nules sessile, ¿-1 inch long, linear or linear-oblong, acute, pinnatifid, the barren ones cut beyond the middle, the
fertile to the base. Segments oblong, sharp, and sharply toothed. Sori about four on each segment ; valves of the
involucre hemispherical, equal.—If this differs from D. Antarctica in any particular, it is in the more hairy rachis
and sharper lobes of the segments in some of the specimens; but neither Sir W. Hooker, Mr. J. Smith, nor I, can
point out any difference whatever between the majority of the New Zealand and Tasmanian individuals.

3. Dicksonia Janata, Col. ; stipite glaberrimo levi basi pilis ferrugineis brunneisve molliter lanato et
crinito, rachibus lanatis glaberrimisve, fronde coriacea bipinnata ovato-lanceolata, pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis
acuminatis, pinnulis sessilibus sterilibus pinnatifidis fertilibus pinnatis contractis, segmentis breviter ob-
longis obtusis pungentibusve obtuse et profunde 2—4-crenatis v. lobatis, soris sub-4 segmenta occludenti-
bus, involucris subeequalibus hemispheericis —Colenso in Tasm. Journ. Hook. Sp. Fit. p. 69. £ 23 C.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, east coast and interior, Cunningham, Colenso, etc.

A very variable species in size and amount of woolly hairs on the rachis and midribs of the pinnules, the
hairs being sometimes copious and matted into a soft yellow-brown wool, at others wholly absent, when the plant is
perfectly glabrous. Like very many other Ferns, and some of its congeners in various parts of the world, the
development of its caudex is far from constant. The trunk sometimes rises four feet high, but generally it is quite
inconspicuous or absent; indeed the habit of the plant is not that of a Tree-fern, and Mr. Colenso remarks that at
Lake Taupo it covers the ground, growing like Pteris. Having examined the plant in its native state, I have no
hesitation in referring the stemless to the subarboreous species. —Fronds 1-1 feet long, of a very coriaceous, thick,
but not rigid texture, bi-tripinnate, broadly lanceolate or ovate. Stipes clothed at the base with long, dark brown,
purplish, or yellowish, soft silky hairs, $ inch long ; upper parts of stipes and main rachis quite smooth and glabrous.
Pinne 5-14 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules sessile, 13-35 inches long, linear, acuminate ;
barren ones pinnatifid to beyond the middle; fertile much contracted, pinnate. Segments short, oblong, blunt, or
ending in a short pungent point; margin deeply cut into about four very blunt soriferous teeth. Sori covering the
whole under surface of the frond. Involucre of two nearly equal hemispherical valves.

Tribe III. HyamNoPHYLLEG.—GSorus at or beyond the edge of the frond. Capsules sessile, on a fili-
form or club-shaped, often elongated, receptacle, girt with an oblique ring. Frond very delicate,
transparent, and reticulated (except in Loxsoma). Gen. V. to VII.

Gen. V. HYMENOPHYLLUM, Sm.

Sori marginales. Capsule receptaculo cylindraceo fronde immerso v. exserto subsessiles, depresse,
annulo completo transverse cincte, longitudinaliter rupte. Involuerum textura frondis, bivalve, urceolatum

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 11

v. compressum, valvis planis v. convexis, extus liberis.—Frondes membranacez, pellucida, cellulis magnis
reticulate, costa valida percurse.

One of the largest and most beautiful genera of Ferns, generally of small size, easily recognized (except from
Trichomanes and Todea) by the transparent pellucid texture of the delicate green glistening fronds, which are beauti-
fully reticulated under the microscope. Upon the whole, the New Zealand species are the finest in the genus : they
almost invariably grow in damp forests.—Rhizoma slender or stout, wiry, filiform, creeping. Fronds generally
glabrous, often flaccid, pinnately or pinnatifidly divided into linear, blunt, dichotomously branched segments, through
which runs a stout midrib. Sori at the axils or ends of the segments, sunk in the substance of the frond, which
forms a cup-shaped or box-like, often flattened, two-valved involucre over them. Sometimes the involucre is pro-
duced beyond the frond and stalked ; its two valves or lips are entire or toothed, and open outwards, Capsules ses-
sile, on a filiform or cylindrical receptacle, that is sometimes exserted, like a thread, beyond the involucre ; sessile,
depressed, surrounded with a complete ring, and bursting longitudinally. (Name from unv, a membrane, and pudov,
a leaf.)

§ A. Fronds quite glabrous ; margins toothed or serrate, not ciliate.

1. Hymenophyllum Zunbridyense, Sm.; parvulum, frondibus cæspitosis erectis curvis depressisve
ovatis linearibusve pinnatis, pinnis verticalibus glaberrimis pinnatifidis, laciniis late linearibus simplicibus
bifidisve spinuloso-dentatis, involucris supra-axillaribus solitariis subcompressis basi cuneata fronde immersis,
valvis erosis v. spinuloso-dentatis, rachi superne alata.—Smith, Fl. Brit. Engl. Bot. t. 162. A. Rich. Flor.
A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. R- 95.

Var. B. cupressiforme ; fronde elongata erecta rigida, pinnis distantibus decurvis, segmentis angustis-
simis, involucris lobulo frondis quasi stipitatis liberis.—Hooh. Sp. Fil. l.c. H. cupressiforme, Lab. FZ. Nov.
Holl. p. 102. t. 250. f. 2. H. Tunbridgense, Br. Prodr. H. revolutum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Throughout the Islands; from the Bay of Islands, Cunningham, ete., to the Southern Island,
Lyall. Growing on rocks and roots of trees, etc. (A native of England.)

This is a scarce English Fern, and a great favourite with cultivators. Dr. Lyall’s specimens precisely resemble
the English in their pale glistening green hue, short ovate fronds, 1-2 inches long, and broad segments; but the
more common state of this species in New Zealand, Tasmania, and other regions, has a narrower and more decum-
bent frond, often remarkably curved downwards on to the ground, and narrower segments. It has been found in
many temperate and some tropical latitudes, the Azores, Madeira, South Africa, North India, Chili, Brazil, and
Tasmania.— ronds ovate or linear, pinnate below, pinnatifid (rachis winged) above, quite glabrous. Pinne closely
imbricated or distant; segments long or short, spreading or curved downwards, deeply sharply toothed. Involucre
orbicular, compressed, at the axils of the segments, erect, projecting beyond the frond, in which their bases are sunk,
their lips spinulose or irregularly toothed.—The var. ß is a taller, erect plant, sometimes 34 inches high, with
very narrow, distant, decurved, rigid pinnze, whose margins are often recurved, and the involucres hence project
conspicuously upwards from the frond. Tt differs from H. unilaterale, Willd., only in the spinulose lips of the
involucre.

2. Hymenophyllum unilaterale, Willd.; frondibus cespitosis lineari-oblongis pinnatis erectis decur-
visve, pinnis distantibus decurvis margine superiore precipue parce pinnatifidis, segmentis linearibus argute
dentatis simplicibus pinnatifidisve, involucris supra-axillaribus liberis obovato-oblongis tumidis, valvis
integerrimis, rachi superne alata. H. unilaterale, Milld. Sp. Pl. v. 5. p. 521. H. Wilsoni, Hook. Brit.
Ht. Sp. Fil.v. 1. p. 95. Wils. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2686. H. Tunbridgense, 8, Kunze, Plant, Afr.
Aust.

Has. Northern Island: ascent of the Ruahine mountains, Colenso. (A native of England.)

Apparently a scarce plant in New Zealand, but abundant in Tasmania, Fuegia, and Chili; found also in South

12 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Pilices.

Africa, and very many other parts of the globe. It differs from H. Tunbridgense, B cupressiforme, only in the entire
lips of the involucre, otherwise these plants appear identical. I find the amount of toothing in the valves of H. Tun-
bridgense to vary extremely, sometimes amounting to a mere erosion, and at others the lips being even laciniated
and spinulose; so that I can hardly doubt these two proving eventually the same species. The ordinary short,
broad, oblong, flat, bright-green fronded state of H. Tunbridgense, with broad, short pinne and segments, and
involueres more sunk in the segments, is a different-looking form from its deep green, sparingly branched var. 8,
and from unilaterale, and nothing can be more different than the habit of such states of Tunbridgense, and of H.
unilaterale, as cultivated together in a Ward's case; but in nature these characters vary and elude our grasp, and
this in whatever parts of the world they both inhabit.

3. Hymenophyllum minimum, A. Rich. ; pusillum, cespitosum, fronde glaberrima late ovata falcato-
recurva pinnatifida basi pinnata, pinnis integris bi-tripartitisve linearibus obtusis ciliato-dentatis concavis
rigidis, involucris terminalibus exsertis stipitatis obovato-cuneatis, valvis dorso spinuloso-dentatis, ore bre-
viter bilobo argute dentato.—4. Rich. Flor. p. 93. t. 14. A. Cunn. Prodr. Flor, Antarct. p. 103.

Haz. Throughout the Islands; on the roots of trees, etc., scarce, D Urvilie, Lyall, ete.

A very small plant, closely allied to Æ. Tunbridgense and H. multifidum, differing from the former in the spi-
nulose back of the valves of the involucre, and from the latter in this latter character and their serrate lips. This
species extends as far south as Lord Auckland’s Group.

4. Hymenophyllum multifidum, Sw.; fronde glaberrima erecta v. decurva late ovata bi-tripinnatifida,
segmentis anguste linearibus sepius decurvis rigidis spinuloso-dentatis, involucris supra-axillaribus liberis
obovato-oblongis urceolatisve obtusis turgidis fere ad medium bifidis, valvis integerrimis serratisve, recep-
taculo valido exserto, rachi basi vix alata, stipite tereti.—Swartz, Syn. Fil. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 98.
Schkuhr, Fil. t. 135 b. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 167. Trichomanes, Forst. T. macilentum, Banks et
Sol. MSS.

Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, Banks and Solander, eto.

Fronds 2-8 inches long, rigid, broadly ovate, twice or thrice pinnated. Segments spreading or curved down-
wards, narrow, deeply toothed. Imvolucres axillary, erect or decurved, nearly free, urceolate or obovate, two-lipped
to the middle. Zips entire or serrate. Receptacle exserted. Rachis hardly winged below. Stipes and rhizome
wiry, rounded.—This Fern is found as far south as Campbell’s Island.

E

5. Hymenophyllum Zivalve, Sw.; fronde glaberrima erecta v. decurva ovata tripinnatifida, segmentis
linearibus dentatis, involucris terminalibus late ovatis ad medium bifidis, valvis integerrimis, receptaculo
incluso, rachi inferne vix alata, stipite tereti.—Sw. Syn. Hil. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 185. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
p. 08.2. 85 D. 4. Rich. Flora. T. spathulatum, Col. in Tasm. Journ. of Science. Trichomanes, Forst.
Prodr. T. pacificum, Hedw. Fil.

Haz. Northern Island; east coast and interior, D’ Urville, Colenso. Middle and Southern Islands,
Forster, Lyall.

A scarce Fern, unknown in the warmer parts of New Zealand ; it closely resembles H. multifidum in size, habit,
and general appearance, but is not so rigid, has less sharply toothed segments, and shorter terminal involucres, whose
base is sunk in the frond, and the lips are quite entire.

§ B. Fronds quite glabrous, or with the costa and rachis only setose ; margins neither toothed nor ciliated.
a. Fronds pinnatifid, rarely pinnate below ; rachis, and generally the stipes, winged.

6. Hymenophyllum rarum, Br.; fronde pendula tenera oblongo-ovata v. lineari-elongata glaberrima
bipinnatifida v. basi pinnata, segmentis brevibus planis latis integerrimis, involucris late ovatis rhombeisve
terminalibus fronde immersis compressis, valvis latis brevibus integerrimis, stipite rachique capillari.— Br.

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 13

Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 101. H. semi-bivalve, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. é. 83. A. Rich. Flora. A.
Cunn. Prodr. H. fumarioides, Bory in Willd. Sp. Pl. H. imbricatum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.
Has. Throughout the Islands; common, Menzies, etc. Southern Island, Lyall.

A very beautiful Fern, common in Tasmania, South Chili, and Fuegia; found also in South Africa, Ceylon,
and the Malay Peninsula, varying extremely in size and habit wherever found; it clothes trunks of Tree-ferns in
Tasmania with a glistening garment of the most delicate and beautiful green, the fronds hanging down and over-
lapping one another in profusion. It may be readily recognized by its hair-like stipes and rachis, transparent mem-
branous fronds, and broad, short, terminal involucres.—Pronds 1-8 inches long, broad or narrow, linear, bipinnati-
fd. Pinne short, often very irregular and unequal, distant, or close and overlapping one another. Segments short,
broad. Involueres rhomboid, wholly sunk in the ends of the segments, very flat, with short, broad, entire lips.

7. Hymenophyllum pulcherrimum, Col. ; elatum, fronde ampla glaberrima membranacea ovato-lanceo-
lata tri-quadripinnatifida, segmentis patentibus breviusculis linearibus marginibus planis v. undulatis,
involueris parvis liberis axillaribus v. segmentis brevibus terminalibus sessilibus orbicularibus compressis
fere ad basin bifidis, valvis latis integerrimis, stipite rachique valida ad basin alata, rhizomate brevi crasso
pilis rigidis vestito, radicibus lanatis.—Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 103. t. 37 A.
(Tan. LXXIV.)

Has. Northern Island: mountains of the East Coast and interior, Colenso. Southern Island, pen-
dulous from trees, Zyall.

A very handsome species, conspicuous for the very stout rachis and stipes, the latter winged to the base, for the
very short rhizome, which is clothed with dark brown shining bristles, and the woolly root-fibres.—Frond 12-18
inches high, broadly ovate or linear-oblong, twice or thrice pinnatifid. Primary branches (pinnze) spreading, long ;
secondary (pinnules) short, cut into alternate, linear, blunt, membranous segments. Z»volucres small for the size of
the plant, quite orbicular, free, axillary or terminating short segments, divided nearly to the base; the lips quite en-
tire.—PrATE LXXIV. Fig. 1, portions of frond; 2, involucre with one valve removed ; 3, receptacle ; 4, capsules ;
5, spores :—all magnified.

8. Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw.; elatum, erectum pendulum v. decurvum, fronde ampla ovata v.
lineari-oblonga glaberrima tripinnatifida, pinnis (ramis primariis) ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve secundariisque
(pinnulis) basi cuneatis subflabellatim lobatis, segmentis late linearibus cernuis sepe caudatis, involucris
terminalibus orbiculatis infra medium cuneatis fronde immersis segmento latioribus profunde bifidis, valvis
integerrimis, rachi stipiteque valida fere ad basin alatas, rhizomate valido elongato glaberrimo.—Sw. Syn.
Fil. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 185. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 60. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 104. A. Cunn. Prodr.
Trichomanes, Forst. Leptocionium sororium, Presl, Epimel. p. 22. t. 2.

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant, Banks and Solander, ete. Southern Island, Lyall.

A magnificent Fern, the noblest of the genus, and a very common one in New Zealand, also found in Java and
in Lord Auckland’s Island. It resembles Z7. pulcherrimum in many respects, but differs remarkably in its brighter
green colour, narrower, often decurved fronds, quite glabrous, elongated rhizome, and root-fibres, less winged stipes,
shorter pinne, often tailed segments, which are much broader, and in the terminal and larger involucres. It often
attains 13 foot in height.

9. Hymenophyllum erispatum, Wall.; erectum, fronde ovata v. lineari-ovata bi-tripinnatifida, seg-
mentis linearibus planis undulatisve, involucris terminalibus liberis sessilibus ovatis turgidis ad basin par-
titis, valvis integerrimis erosisve, rachi stipiteque late alatis ala plana undulata v. crispata.— Wall. Cat.
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 11. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 105. H. flabellatum, Br. Prodr. non Lab. H.
atro-virens, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. H. flexuosum, A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. e. Ic. Pl. t. 962.

Has. Northern Island, scarce: Bay of Islands and East Coast, Cunningham, Logan, Colenso, ete.

VOL. II. E

14 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Filices.

Rather a rare New Zealand Fern, but a very common Tasmanian one; also found in the Malay Islands, Ceylon,
and the Indian mountains.—Fronds 2-8 inches high, erect, lurid green. Frond erect, bi-tripinnatifid. Segments
linear, 2, inch broad, flat, undulated or crisped. — Zmvolucres often very numerous, terminal, ovate, turgid, broader
than the segments of the frond, deeply divided into two valves, whose lips are quite entire or erose. Stipes and
rachis with a broad, flat, or crisped wing. Rhizome quite glabrous, creeping.—I can detect no difference whatever
between Cunningham’s H. flexuosum and this species.

10. Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Sw.; erectum v. decurvum, fronde lato-ovata v. lineari-oblonga tri-
pinnatifida sepius rufo-fusca, ramis primariis (pinnis) erecto-patulis decurvisve anguste linearibus planis
undulatisve, segmentis brevibus, involucris plurimis axillaribus terminalibusque liberis ovatis orbiculatisve
segmentis plerumque latioribus profunde bivalvibus, valvis obtusis integerrimis erosisve rachi late alata,
stipite superne alata basi nuda glaberrima v. sparsa pilosa.—Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 149. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
p. 106.

Var. B. sanguinolentum, Hook. 1. c.; involucris axillaribus v. segmentis brevibus terminalibus orbicu-
latis. H. sanguinolentum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 195 C. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr.
H. villosum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Var. 8. Throughout the Islands, abundant.

The H. sanguinolentum of Swartz has been the object of repeated study by Sir W. Hooker and myself, and always
with the result that it is one of the many varieties of the protean IT. polyanthos, a plant found in all tropical coun-
tries, and everywhere most abundantly. Specimens are preserved in the Hookerian Herbarium from sixty localities
and collectors, and these do not represent a hundredth part of the number of specimens I have examined. Even
as a variety, H. sanguinolentum is not constantly distinguishable, its darker red-brown colour, flexuose main and par-
tial rachis, and short segments, being its best diagnostic marks. Curved specimens often resemble M. demissum,
which is a larger plant, always truly pinnate, with the rachis not winged below. Its habit, less winged stipes,
flexuose rachis and often costa, and colour, best distinguish it from states of H. crispatum.—Fronds 2-6 inches
high, rather rigid and opaque, of a dark reddish-brown colour, with thick midrib, bi-tripinnatifid; primary branches
spreading, rarely decurved ; secondary branches short, cut into few, short, linear segments. Involucres generally
very numerous, orbicular, free, broader than the segments, split to the base; valves usually quite entire, convex.
Rachis flexuose and winged. Stipes winged above, sometimes having a few scattered hairs at the base and on the
rhizome, but more often quite glabrous.—The whole plant has often a peculiar odour, which it retains for some
time after being dried. Raoul (in Plant. Nov. Zel.) quotes H. Stephensonii as a synonym of this, but I do not
know where that name has been published.

b. Frond pinnate below. Rachis not winged below.

11. Hymenophyllum demissum, Sw.; elatum, erectum v. decurvum, fronde ovato-acuminata pinnata,
pinnis ascendentibus bi-tripinnatifidis seepius caudatis segmentis linearibus, involucris segmentis lateralibus
terminalibusque sessilibus parvis ovatis ad basin bivalvibus, rachi superne alata inferne stipiteque nuda
glaberrima.—Sw. Syn. Fil. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 135 C. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn: Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
p. 109. Trichomanes, Forst. Prodr.

Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, Banks and Solander, etc.

A very beautiful species, found as far south as Lord Auckland's Group, and as far north as the Philippine
Islands. Rhizome wiry, creeping, glabrous. Stipes slender, stiff, quite glabrous. —Frond 4-9 inches long, 1-5
broad, deltoid or ovate-lanceolate, pinnate below, pinnatifid above. Pinne spreading, ascending, membranous,
bi-tripinnatifid; the segments narrow, +, inch broad, the ultimate ones often elongated, the lateral bearing small,
terminal, convex, ovate involucres, which are blunt and split to the base into two valves, which are rather broader

than the segments.— The pinnated frond distinguishes this from Z7. polyanthos, the smooth stipes from H. scabrum.

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 15

12. Hymenophyllum scabrum, A. Rich.; erectum v. curvum, costis sepius setoso-hispidis, fronde
rigida elongato-ovata v. oblongo-deltoidea pinnata, pinnis ascendentibus bi-tripinnatifidis, segmentis
linearibus integerrimis glaberrimis, involucris segmenta lateralia terminantibus orbicularibus ad basin
bivalvibus, valvis integerrimis dentatisve, rachi superne alata inferne stipiteque nuda setis articulatis patu-
lis setoso-hispida.— 4. Rich. Flor. Nov. Zeld. p. 90. 7. 14. 41. 4. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
P. 110. Spherocionium glanduliferum, Pres’, Epimel. p. 28. 1. 19.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, D’ Urville, Cunningham, etc. Tehawera, Hast Coast,
Colenso.

Very similar in size and general appearance to H. demissum, but the fronds are darker-coloured, often elongated
(some of Mr. Colenso’s specimens are nearly 2 feet long), and the stipes and rachis, and often the costa, are covered
with deciduous, scattered, stiff, spreading, red-brown, jointed bristles. The involucres also are broader in H. sca-
brum, and generally toothed along the edge.

13. Hymenophyllum fabellatum, Lab. ; glaberrimum, nitens, fronde pendula v. decurva lineari-oblonga
rarius ovata, pinnis plerumque basi cuneatis late ovatis flabellatim dilatatis pinnatifidis v. bipinnatifidis,
segmentis linearibus furcatis brevibus caudato-elongatisve, involucris segmenta lateralia terminantibus orbi-
cularibus oblongisve ad basin fere bivalvibus, rachi superne alata inferne nuda, stipite glaberrima ima basi
parce lanata.—Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 101. t. 250. J. 1. (non Brown Prodr.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1.
p. 111. H. nitens, Br. Prodr. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 197. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr;

Has. Throughout the Islands, common, Menzies, ete.

A very beautiful small species, often clothing the trunks of Tree-ferns in Tasmania, where it is abundant, with
its pale green glistening fronds ; it is also found in Lord Auckland’s Group.—Rhizoma rigid, wiry. Stipes 2-4
inches long, wiry, glabrous, except at the very base, where there is a tuft of soft, pale brown, woolly hairs. Fronds
broadly ovate when erect, linear or oblong when pendulous, 2-6 inches long, pinnate below, pinnatifid above, per-
fectly smooth, transparent. Pinne twice pinnatifid ; segments linear, quite entire and smooth, generally broadly
cuneate at the base. Imvolueres small, terminal on lateral segments, orbicular or oblong; the valves entire or
toothed.—The broad flabellate lower-pinnee, small size, colour, and generally woolly base of the stipes, well distin-
guish this from H. demissum.

$ ©. Costa, margins, and sometimes the surfaces of the fronds clothed with stellate hairs.

14. Hymenophyllum eruginosum, Carm. ; totum pilis stellatis preecipue secus costam rachim mar-
ginesque frondis vestitum, fronde pendula lineari-oblonga v. elongata pinnata, pinnis linearibus brevibus
v. elongato-ovatis bipinnatifidis, segmentis approximatis linearibus, involucris terminalibus late orbiculatis
semi-orbiculatisve fronde immersis, valvis brevibus pilosis.— Carmichael in Linn. Soc. Trans. v. 19. p. 518.
Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 94. t. 84 A. H. Franklinianum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. H. Berteroi, Hook.
Sp. Fil. p. 93. £. 33 C. Trichomanes eeruginosum, Thouars.

Has. Northern Island: Waikare Lake, Colenso. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Southern
Island, Zyall.

A remarkable and very beautiful Fern, discovered at Tristan d’Acunha, and found hitherto nowhere else but
in New Zealand, Juan Fernandez, and Chiloe, from whence most of the specimens differ in no respects from those
from Tristan d’Acunha, whilst others have rather narrower and sharper pinnee.—Stipes and rhizome slender, hairy
and woolly, or glabrous. Frond pendulous, 3-10 inches long, ovate-oblong, or linear and elongate, pinnate below,
pinnatifid above, quite rufous when dry from the abundance of branched hairs on the rachis, costa, and margins,

by which this species may be recognized at once.—Some of Dr. Lyall’s specimens have twenty pairs of pinnz on
the frond,

16 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [-Filices.

15. Hymenophyllum Zyallii, Hook. fil. ; pusillum, fronde pendula late oblonga v. ovato-rotundata
subflabellatim v. radiatim pinnatifida marginibus pilis ramosis ciliata, pinnis linearibus dichotome divisis,
segmentis obtusis, involucris late obcuneatis v. obcordatis apieibus segmentorum immersis, valvis retusis,
costis stipite rhizomate radicibusque tenuissime filiformibus glaberrimis.

Has. Middle Island: Thomson’s Sound, south-west coast, Lyall.

A very distinct and remarkable little species, allied to H. rarum, Br., in habit and in the excessively slender
stipes and sunk involucre. It is also nearly allied to H. obtusum, Hook. et Arn., of Oahu, which has more copious
rufous hairs on the margins, and especially cost, and has very different involucres.— Fronds pendulous, 4-2 inches
long, as broad as long, rounded or oblong, pinnatifid or more usually flabellately or digitately divided from the
base into sparingly branched pinnz; segments blunt; margins ciliated with rufous branching hairs. Involucres
cuneate, triangular or obcordate, sunk in the apex of each segment; the lips generally concave. This is probably
not an uncommon plant, but overlooked, owing to its small size.

Nore. Hymenophyllum secundum and H. tortuosum, both natives of Fuegia, have been erroneously stated (in
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.) to be natives of New Zealand (see Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. pp. 99, 106).

Gen. VI. TRICHOMANES, Sm.

Sori marginales. Involucrum tubulosum, textura frondis, basi attenuatum, apice dilatatum v. bivalve.
Capsule receptaculo filiformi seepius exserto sessiles, depressee, annulo completo transversali cincte, longi-
tudinaliter ruptse.—Frondes plerumque membranacee, pellucida, cellulis magnis reticulate.

A more tropical genus than Hymenophyllum, to which alone (except Lowsoma) it is very closely allied, and from
which it differs in the tubular or trumpet-shaped involucre, which is less obviously two-lipped, often quite circular
at the mouth, and having a generally exserted filiform receptacle. (Name, an ancient one of uncertain application.)

1. Trichomanes reniforme, Forst.; fronde simplici reniformi, stipite elongato, involucris perplurimis
marginalibus, receptaculis exsertis.— Forst. Prodr. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.81. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn.
Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 1. p. 115. :

Has. Throughout the Islands, common.

A very remarkable and beautiful Fern, found only in New Zealand, conspicuous for its broad, simple, kidney-
shaped frond.—Rhizome stout, filiform, creeping. Stipes erect, 8-7 inches long, stout, terete. Frond green and
transparent when fresh, brown and horny when dry, 2-4 inches broad, deeply cordate at the base, and rather
decurrent on the stipes. Veins forked repeatedly, veinlets very rarely joining again. nvolucres very numerous,
often crowded round the edge of the frond, tubular and urceolate, with club-shaped exserted receptacles, covered
with capsules.

9. Trichomanes Aumile, Forst.; ceespitosa, fronde lanceolata pinnatifida v. bipinnatifida elaberrima
marginata, segmentis furcatis linearibus obtusis, involucris fronde immersis axillaribus supra-axillaribusve
tubuloso-urceolatis breviter bilabiatis, receptaculo brevi v. longissimo capillari.— Forst. Prodr. Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35. Hook. Sp. Pil. v. 1. p. 123. T. Endlicherianum, Presl, Epimel. p. 10. t. 5 A.

Has. Throughout the Northern Island, and as far south as Akaroa, in the Middle Island, on trunks
of trees, ete. Southern Island, Hd. 4. Richard.

A small, pale green, tufted, translucent Fern.— Rhizome filiform, creeping. Stipes slender, winged above.
Frond very variable in shape, 1-4 inches long, linear-oblong, pinnatifid. Pinne ascending, pinnatifid or forked.
Segments linear, blunt, margined. Involneres sunk in short lateral segments, hence appearing axillary, shortly
two-lipped. Receptacle sometimes included, at others exserted like a long hair.—This species is also found in the
Pacific Islands, Philippines, and West Indies. It is a variable plant: the New Zealand specimens are most irregularly

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 17

and sparingly pinnatifid, and have the involucres more sunk in the segments (or more broadly winged) than those
of other parts of the world.

3. Trichomanes venosum, Br.; rhizomate repente filiformi, fronde parvula pendula nitida membranacea
pinnata, pinnis remotis late lineari-oblongis ligulatisve simplicibus v. basi furcatis obtusis v. emarginatis
margine non incrassato repandis, costa flexuosa, venis furcatis, involucris ad basin pinnarum fronde
immersis liberisve tubuloso-urceolatis, ore dilatato breviter bilabiato, receptaculo plerumque capillari, rachi
apice alata inferne stipiteque capillari.— Br. Prodr. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1.18. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook.
Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 189.

Has. Throughout the Islands ; on wet rocks, trunks of Tree-ferns, etc.

An extremely delicate and beautiful Fern, very common in Tasmania, and also found on the Australian moun-
tains, often clothing Tree-ferns, as Hym. Jlabellatum and H. rarum do.—Rhizome creeping, and stipes capillary. Frond
2-5 inches long, linear, pinnate, membranous. Pinne distant, linear-oblong or strap-shaped, cuneate at the base,
not margined, blunt or emarginate, waved along the edge, simple or divided at the base, 4-14 inch long, 22 inch
broad; costa flexuose, giving off branching veins. Involueres on the upper edge of the pinna at its base, sunk in
the frond or in a lateral segment. Receptacle included, or capillary and exserted.—The upper pinnee are often of
irregular length, sometimes very long and caudate.

4. Trichomanes Colensoi, Hook. fil. ; rhizomate capillari repente pilosula, fronde pendula glaberrima
lineari-oblonga gracillima pinnata, pinnis stipitatis subremotis alternis lanceolatis basi pinnatis superne
pinnatifidis, segmentis angustissimis subacutis membranaceis non marginatis costa percursis aveniis, invo-
lucris ad basin pinnarum solitariis stipitatis immarginatis cylindraceis, ore vix dilatato, receptaculo ple-
rumque capillari elongato, rachi subflexuosa stipiteque capillari.—/Vob. in Hook. Ie. Plant. t. 979.

Haz. Northern Island: dense forests near Waikare Lake, Colenso.

A very pretty and distinct little species, closely allied to the South American T. trichoideum, Sw., but differing
in the sub-acute tips of the segments.—hizome creeping, filiform, slightly hairy. Stipes and rachis filiform, quite
glabrous. Frond pendent, 14-8 inches long, linear-oblong, 3-4 inch broad, pinnate, dark green, very membranous.
Pinne five to ten pair, distant, shortly stalked, pinnate below, pinnatifid above. Segments without thickened edges,
acute, with a costa and no nerves. nvolueres free, stalked, erect, solitary at the base of each pinna, generally with
a hair-like exserted receptacle.

5. Trichomanes strictum, Menz. ; rigidum, erectum, cæspitosum, fronde glaberrima lanceolata
stricta pinnata, pinnis approximatis ascendentibus recurvisve lanceolatis bipinnatifidis, segmentis anguste
linearibus obtusis laxe reticulatis costatis aveniis, involucris liberis stipitatis urceolatis cylindraceis, ore
integro, costis rachique marginata validis, stipite robusto tereti v. tenuiter marginato basi pilis brunneis
vestito.—Hook. et Grev. Ie. Piet 199. 4 Rich, Kor. A Lunn, Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 136.
T. leptophyllum, 4. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Hokianga, 4. Cunningham. Massacre
Bay, Lyall.

This appears to be a very scarce New Zealand Fern, of which there is a specimen in Hook. Herb., marked as
from Otaheite.—Fronds densely tufted, sending out fibrous roots, not arising from an elongated rhizome. Stipes
robust, rigid, erect, terete, slightly winged, surrounded with a tuft of red-brown shining bristles at the base.
Frond a span long and upwards, rigid, erect, opaque, green, variable in the number, direction, and length and
breadth of the divisions, lanceolate or linear-oblong, pinnate. Pinne lanceolate, ascending or recurved, bi-tri-pin-
natifid, or irregularly cut into many narrow, linear, blunt or notched segments, which are 2-2 line broad, furnished
with a very stout midrib. Involucres erect, free, stalked. Receptacle included or exserted. :

6. Trichomanes elongatum, A. Cunn.; rigidum, erectum, ceespitosum, fronde glaberrima ovata v.
VOL. TL F

18 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. . [ Filices.

ovato-deltoidea luride viridi bipinnata, pinnis subimbricatis patentibus ascendentibusve oblongis lineari-
oblongisve basi cuneatis inciso-pinnatifidis, segmentis brevibus subacutis bifidis emarginatis integrisve,
involucris perplurimis supra-axillaribus liberis cylindraceo-urceolatis, ore breviter bifido, receptaculo
elongato rigido, rachi costisque validis, stipite robusto tereti.——4. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. le. Plant. t. 701.
Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 134.

Has. Throughout the Islands; on the ground in deep shade, abundant.

A lurid-green, rigid, stout, tufted species, only found in New Zealand, whose fronds are often covered with
creeping Hepatice and Mosses (Lepidozia papillata, and several species of Hookeria).—Stipes several together, rising
from a short horizontal woody rhizome, with strong root-fibres, rigid, stout, erect, 3-6 inches long, slightly hairy
at the base. Frond 4 inches to a span long, ovate or deltoid, bipinnate. Pinne crowded, imbricate, oblong-
cuneate, inciso-pinnatifid ; segments stout, broad, nerved, cut, the apices rather acute notched. Inmvolucres very
numerous, above the axils of the pinnules, cylindrical, with short lips. Receptacles long, rigid, protruded on the
under side of the frond.

Oss. Mr. Colenso has sent young and barren specimens of a small, simple, oblong-fronded Trichomanes from
caves, Manukau Bay, which I am not able to identify with any of the above.

Gen. VII. LOXSOMA, Br.

Sori marginales. Involuerum coriaceum, urceolatum ; ore truncato, integro. Capsule clavate, re-
ceptaculo columnari exserto conferte, breviter stipitate, pilis articulatis immixtee, annulo obliquo completo
cinctee, longitudinaliter rupte.—Frons valde coriacea, opaca, bi-tripinnatifida. Pinnule lanceolate,
subacute, erenato-lobate. Involucra sinubus pinnularum inserta. Rachis ef stipes glaberrima, nitida,
suleata. Rhizoma repens, crassum, dense erinitum.

This genus contains but one species, a very remarkable and handsome Fern, confined to the northern parts of
New Zealand.—Rhizome stout, woody, tortuous, clothed with long, curving, matted, red-brown hairs. Stipes erect ;
rachis (primary and partial) channelled, quite glabrous, polished, pale red-brown. Frond broadly triangular,
1-2 feet long, very coriaceous, glaucous below, tripinnate. Pinne rather distant, ascending, the lower opposite.
Pinnules lanceolate, again pinnate or pinnatifid; segments linear-oblong, sub-acute, notched. Znvolueres prominent,
inserted in the notches, pointing backwards from the frond, shortly urceolate or cup-shaped. Receptacle stout,
covered with jointed hairs, amongst which are stalked capsules, that are surrounded

twice as long as the involucre,
a triangular mark. (Name from Xo£os, oblique, and copa, a body ; from

by a complete oblique ring. Spores with
the oblique capsules.)

1. Loxsoma Cunninghamii, Br. MSS. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. v. 2. p. 366. t. 31, 32.
Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 86. Gen. Fil. t. 15.

Has. Northern Island, very scarce: Keri Keri River, Bay of Islands, Cunningham, etc. Wangarel

River, Sinclair.

Tribe IV. PoLypopın2.—Sorus generally dorsal, punctiform, rounded or linear. Capsules not placed
on an elevated receptacle, stalked, partly girt with avertical ring, bursting transversely on the side
where the ring is wanting. Gen. VII. to XXVIII.

Sub-tribe A.—Sorus covered with an involucre (indusium), or with the more or less altered margin of

the frond. Gen. VILL to XVIII.
Gen. VIII. DAVALLIA, Sm.

Sori subrotundi, marginales v. intra-marginales. Involucrum superficiarium, e apice vene ortum,

basi v. basi et lateribus frondis dorso adnatum, extus liberum. Capsule stipitate.

Pilices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 19

The only New Zealand species (D. Nove-Zelandia) of this large tropical genus, has not hitherto been found
elsewhere.—Rhizome creeping, woody, hispid. Stipes erect, deeply channelled in front, smooth above, very setose
below, red-brown, shining. Rachis glabrous, polished, sometimes hairy at the axils. Frond ovate or ovate-oblong,
3 inches to 2 feet long, acuminate, tripinnate. Pinne stipitate, linear-oblong, acuminate ; secondary pinnæ oblong-
lanceolate, with deeply pinnatifid incised tips; ultimate (pinnules) 4 inch long, stipitate, ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid ;
segments sharp. Involuere orbicular or broadly ovate, erose, attached by a broad base.—A. very beautiful Fern, from
the finely-cut frond, which is of a pale green colour. (Named in honour of Edmund Davall, a Swiss botanist.)

1. Davallia Nove-Zelandie, Col.; fronde erecta ovata acuminata tripinnata, pinnis lineari-oblongis
acuminatis, pinnulis stipitatis lanceolatis, ultimis stipitatis argute inciso-pinnatifidis, involucris late orbi-
culatis ovato-orbiculatisve basi lata adnatis erosis, rachi flexuosa polita, stipite superne glaberrima inferne
rhizomateque setoso hispido.—Col. in Tusm. Phil. Journ. Hook. Sp. Pit. Lp. 168. i. 518.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Cunningham. East Coast and interior, Stephenson, Colenso.
Port Nicholson, Zyall.

Nore. Davallia Lindleyi, Hook., is stated, but without sufficient authority, to be a New Zealand plant; it is
also said to be found in Jamaica.

Gen. IX. LINDSZA, Dry.

Sori lineares, marginales v. intra-marginales, continui v. interrupti. Involucrum exterius liberum, e
membranis 2 parallelis, superiore textura frondis, inferiore ex apicibus venarum (une v. plurim.) oriente.
Vence simplices v. anastomosantes.— Frondes (speciebus Novx-Zelandie) parvule, coriacer, pinnata.

A large genus of chiefly tropical Ferns, the New Zealand species of which are small, coriaceous, glabrous, and
simply pinnate, with erect stipitate tufted fronds, rising from a creeping rhizome.—Sori linear, running along the
edge of the pinnules continuously or interruptedly, covered by an involucre formed of two parallel lamellee or plates
opening outwards; of these the upper is coriaceous, and formed of the frond, the lower membranous and rises
from the ends of one or more veins. (Name in honour of Mr. John Lindsay, author of * Observations on the Germi-
nation of Ferns.”)

1. Lindsea /inearis, Sw.; frondibus e rhizomate crasso subdistantibus linearibus pinnatis, pinnis
sessilibus late euneato-flabelliformibus, marginibus demum revolutis integris crenatisve, soris continuis,
stipite rachique nitido.—Sw. Fil. t. 8. f. 8. Br. Prodr. Kunze in Schk. Suppl. p. 80. €. 16. A, Rich.
Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 1. p. 206.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands; not uncommon on dry hills, etc.

A very common extra-tropical Australian and Tasmanian Fern, easily recognized by its stout, creeping, scaly
rhizome ; erect, linear, simply pinnate fronds, 2-18 inches high; and broad-cuneate pinnules, which are spread out
like a fan, and have entire or crenate anterior margins; the latter become revolute when dry.—Pinne + inch broad,
distant; sor? nearly continuous along their outer edge. Stipes and rachis stout, purplish-brown, shining.

2. Lindsea trichomanoides, Dryand. ; rhizomate repente paleaceo, frondibus subceespitosis late lanceo-
latis pinnatis bipinnatisve, pinnis primariis basi cuneatis stipitatisve oblongo-lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve
pinnatifidis pinnatisve lobatis rarius integris, pinnulis obovato-cuneatis breviter stipitatis decurrentibusve,
margine anteriore rotundato simplici v. lobato, soris continuis.

a. Fronde bi-tripinnata. L. trichomanoides, Dryander in Linn. Soc. Trans. v. 3. p. 43.411. Schk.
Vil. t. 114. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. l. p.918. L. viridis, Colenso in Tusm.
Phil. Journ. Adiantum cuneatum, Forst. Prodr.

B. Lessoni ; fronde pinnata v. basi bipinnata, pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis integris lobatis pinna-

20 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

tifidisve, segmentis ut ina. L. Lessoni, Bory in Duperrey Voy. p. 918. t. 87. f. 2. 4. Rich. Flor. A.
Cunn. Prodr. Hook. l. c.

Has. Throughout the Islands, common.

An extremely variable little Fern, which has very lately been found in the humid forests of Western Tasmania
by Mr. Gunn.—Rhizome creeping, scaly, and having pilose roots. Fronds pinnate or bi-tri-pinnate, numerous, ovate
or linear-oblong, rather tufted, erect, 2 inches to 2 feet high. Stipes scaly at the base, and rachis slender, stiff, tri-
gonous, polished. Pinne rather distant, sometimes in var. Lessomi simple, oblong-lanceolate, with a cuneate base,
blunt, lobed, bearing sori on the lobes; more often pinnatifid, with cuneate lobes; very frequently bi- and even tri-
pinnate. Pinnules always broadly cuneate, rounded in front, with a deep continuous intra-marginal sorus.—I con-
sider Z. Lessoni and trichomanoides to be certainly varieties of the same plant. The pinnules vary from 4-4 inch
long; the larger are lobed, and bear a sorus on each lobe.

Gen. X. ADIANTUM, ZL.

Sori marginales, punctiformes v. elongati. Involuerum soris conforme, e margine frondis reflexo,
disco venoso capsulifero, limbo membranaceo libero.

Beautiful terrestrial Ferns, natives chiefly of the Tropics, but of which one species, called “ Venus’ Ham ıs
found in Europe, and several occur in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.—Rhizome creeping. Stipes gene-
rally black, often polished. Fronds bi-tripinnate in the New Zealand species, with stipitate, broadly cuneate pinnules.
Sori marginal, short, or linear and continuous. Involuere formed of the reflexed, often kidney-shaped edge of the
frond, opening inwards, its surface veined ; the veins continuous with those of the pinnules. (Name from adıavros, in
allusion to the dry texture of the fronds.)

1. Adiantum Zispidulum, Sw.; fronde rigida subflabellatim ramosa bipartita bi-tripinnata, pinnis
(secundariis) linearibus acuminatis ssepe falcatis, pinnulis plurimis stipitatis approximatis dimidiato-oblongis
obtusis basi cuneatis olivaceis subtus striatis hispidulis glabratisve spinuloso-serrulatis, soris plurimis
parvis confertis sinubus insertis, involucris orbiculatis brunneis, rachibus brunneis hispido-setosis, stipite
scaberulo nitido.—Sw. Syn. Fil. Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 2. p. 31.
A. pubescens, Schk. t. 116. A. Rich. l. c. Endi. Prod. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. pedatum, Forst. Prodr.,
non Linn.

Has. Northern Island, from the Bay of Islands to Cook’s Straits. (Cultivated in England.)

A widely diffused native of the Tropics and south temperate regions of the Old World, Australia, the Society
Islands, Java, the East Indies, and Mauritius.—Stipes dark brown, shining, rough, 3 inches to a span long. Frond
broad, bi-tripinnate, 6-12 inches long, often dividing at once into two branches, whence the pinns spring ; they are
ascending, curved, and spread out like a fan; the mode of branching is however irregular. Primary pinne linear,
with many stipitate pinnules. Pinnules coriaceous, olive-green, striated, hispid, 4—4 inch long, obliquely oblong,
blunt, cuneate at the base, upper margin covered with the numerous red-brown sori, each orbicular, situated on a
narrow sinus of the pinnule.

2. Adiantum affine, Willd.; fronde glaberrima tenera flaccida pinnata bipinnata v. rarius tripinnata,
pinnis paucis lineari-lanceolatis laxis, pinnulis membranaceis olivaceis late dimidiato-oblongis falcatis apice
truncato-rotundatis crenatis superne setulis raris instructis, margine superiore crenato, sinubus soriferis,
involucris remotis pallidis reniformibus lunatisve, rachi stipiteque gracili ebeneo levi.— Willd. Sp. Pl.
Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunm. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 9. p. 32. A. trapezi-
forme, Forst. Prodr. Schk. Fil. 1. 191, non Linn. A. setulosum, J. Sm. in Comp. Bot. Mag. 1846. p. 22.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Forster, etc. Akaroa, Raout. (Cultivated in England.)

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 21

Norfolk Island is the only other known habitat for this species, which may be recognized by its slender, glossy,
smooth, black stipes and rachis, sparingly branched, flaccid frond, linear pinnee, and broadly oblong, curved, very
blunt pinnules, 2-2 inch long, which are membranous, dark green, and have a few scattered black hairs on the
upper surface. The ¿nvolucres are few, scattered, each placed in a sinus of the crenate pinnules, pale, kidney-shaped.
I have seen specimens with simply pinnate fronds. :

3. Adiantum Æthiopicum, Linn. ; fronde tenera flaccida oblongo-ovata tri-quadripinnata, pinnulis
membranaceis glaberrimis stipitatis orbiculatis basi late cuneatis margine superiore lobato, soris 2-6
sinubus pinnule, involucris majusculis oblongo-lunulatis reniformibusve, stipite rachique gracili glaber-
rima nitida rufa v. ebenea.— Linn. Sp. Pl. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 9. P. 97. 4. T1 A. A. assimile, Sw. Syn. Fil.
Br. Prodr. Hook. ic. A. trigonum, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 99. £. 248. f. 9.

Has. Northern Island: from the Pay of Islands to Cook's Straits; in open ground. East Coast,

2

Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Houraki Gulf, Lyall. (Cultivated in England.)

A. assimile was regarded as a distinct species from A. Athiopicum, till the author of the “Species Filicum’
pointed out, its identity with that plant. It is found in all tropical countries, and throughout the south temperate
hemisphere, but is hardly known in the north temperate; it inhabits Australia and Tasmania.— Everywhere perfectly
glabrous, flaccid, membranous, pale green or yellowish. Stipites tufted, slender, 4-10 inches long. Frond oblong,
often elongated, tri-quadripinnate ; primary branches alternate, distant. Pinnules 33 inch broad, broadly cuneate,
stipitate ; upper margin rounded, deeply lobed. Sori few. Involucres very large, pale, kidney-shaped, placed in
notches of the pinnules. Rachis slender, flexuose ; partial ones and stalks of the pinnules capillary.

4. Adiantum formosum, Br. ; erectum, fronde ampla deltoidea quadripinnata v. supradecomposita,
pinnis primariis subremotis ovato-lanceolatis, pinnulis (pro planta parvis) rigidis oblique rhombeo-oblongis
stipitatis basi cuneatis obtusis margine superiore et anteriore inciso-crenatis dentatisque lobis retusis
soriferis, involucris transverse elongatis, rachi flexuosa supra strigoso-pubescente subtus glaberrima nitida,
stipite valido scabro nitido ebeneo.— D. Prodr., non A. Cumn. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 9. p. 51.
6. SOS.

Haz. Northern Island : alluvial banks of the Manganaitoka River, Colenso.

A very rare plant, except about Port Jackson; the tallest New Zealand species.— Fronds 2—4 feet high, very
much branched, stiff or flaccid. Pinnules stipitate, obliquely oblong ; lower margin straight or slightly arched ; inner
straight; upper convex; outer blunt, toothed and crenate; lobules or teeth bearing small, transversely elongated,

shallow involucres. Rachis general and partial, glabrous and shining below, covered with short stiff hairs above.
Stipes very black, shining, rough.

5. Adiantum Cunninghamii, Hook. ; fronde subdeltoidea bi-tripinnata, pinnis paucis lineari-oblongis,
pinnulis stipitatis subchartaceis glaberrimis subtus glaucis late oblique oblongis obtusis margine superiore
et exteriore crenato-lobatis, lobis retusis soriferis, soris plurimis parvulis, involucris reniformibus orbiculari-
reniformibusve sinu angusto, stipite basi scaberulo v. rachique glaberrima nitida ebenea.— Z7oo£. Sp. Fil.
V Zep ei A. formosum, 4. Rich. Mor. A. Cunn. Prodr., non Br.

Has. Northern Island : from the Bay of Islands to Cook’s Straits, D’ Urville, Cunningham, ete.

A species only known to inhabit New Zealand.— Fronds 6-18 inches tall, sparingly and irregularly branched,
bipinnate, rarely (in small specimens) simply pinnate. Pinnules 4 inch long, like those of 4, Jormosum, but with
larger rounded reniform involucres; it further differs from that plant in the rachis being perfectly glabrous on both
surfaces, as is the stipes, except sometimes at the very base.—Small specimens resemble 4. affine, but are less
membranous, have no black hairs on the pinnules, and the stipes is stouter. Some slender specimens, apparently
much drawn out, from growing in woods, have long pedicels to the pinnules, which are linear-oblong, deeply and
variously lobed. The sinus of the involucre is always very narrow and deep.

VOL, IL, G

22 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. { Filices.

6. Adiantum fulvum, Raoul; fronde deltoidea bi-tripinnata, pinnis linearibus lineari-oblongisve,
pinnulis breve stipitatis cultratis lineari-oblongis chartaceis superne pilosis pilis atris sparsis v. glaberrimis,
margine superiore et exteriore obtuso crenato-dentato, involucris majusculis sinubus pinnule sitis rotun-
dato-reniformibus sinu angusto profundo, rachi supra pilis fulvis substrigosa, stipite ebenea basi scabra
superne sublzvi.— Raoul, Choix de Plantes, p. 9. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 9. p. 52.1. 85 A.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands; from the Bay of Islands to Banks’ Peninsula, Raoul, Colenso,
Sinclair, ete.

I have gathered many specimens of Adiantum that fall under the above description, but consider the species a
very doubtful one; its habit, general appearance, and structure of the involucre so closely resemble 4. Ounninghamit,
that the two plants may easily be mistaken. This differs from 4. Cunninghamiü in the strigose pubescence of the
rachis, in the less glaucous, coarser, sometimes hairy pinnules, which are usually more oblong and lobed. Other
specimens, with subpedate fronds and hairy pinnules, resemble 4. hispidulum, but the involucres are smaller and
plant less hispid; others resemble 4. affine still more closely, and are to be distinguished by the less membranous
pinnules and smaller involucres.

Gen. XI. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh.

Sori punctiformes, marginales, distincti. Imvoluerum apice e venula ortum, lobule frondis recurvi
formatum, coriaceum v. submembranaceum.

It is difficult to distinguish this genus by technical characters of the fructification from Adiantum, from which
it is widely different in habit and general appearance. The sori are small, placed on the margins of the pinnules,
in a sinus, and are covered with a small reflexed lobe, which is never so membranous as in Adiantum, but is green
and herbaceous. Sometimes the reflexion of the pinnule’s margin is so slight that the sorus is really naked, and
then I cannot distinguish the genus from Polypodium, or the species H. tenuifolia from P. rugulosum, Lab. (Name
from $zo, beneath, and Aeris, a scale.)

1. Hypolepis tenuifolia, Bernh. ; fronde ampla glanduloso-pilosa v. glabrata submembranacea quadri-
pinnata, pinnis primariis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis, secundariis tertiariisque lanceolatis, pinnulis
sessilibus lineari-oblongis obtusis lobatis pinnatifidis Anferioribus soriferis, lobis oblongis obtusis crenato-
dentatis subintegerrimisve basin versus soriferis, involucro reniformi, costa rachibusque glanduloso-pilosis,
stipite brunneo puberulo et scaberulo, rhizomate valido longe repente squamoso.—Bernhardi in Schrad.
Journ. Presl, Tent. Pterid. t. 6. f. 29. Hook. Sp. Hil. v. 2. p. 60. ¢ 19 A. Cheilanthes arborescens,
Swartz. C. pellucida, Colenso, Tasm. Phil. Journ. C. ambigua, 4. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr.
Lonchites tenuifolia, Forst. Prodr. C. Dicksonioides, Endl. Prodr. Flor. Ins. Norf. Kunze, Farnk.
p. 18. 8. 8.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, Sinclair, etc. (Cultivated in England.)

A tall, handsome, spreading Fern, 2-5 feet high, found in Australia, Tasmania, the Pacific and Philippine
Islands, the West Indies, and, if the same with Polypodium rugulosum, as Y very much suspect, it is found in all
warm and many temperate parts of the globe. New Zealand specimens vary a good deal in the colour, hairiness,
and membranous or coriaceous consistence of the fronds, as they grow in more shaded or open localities. —Frond
sometimes 2 feet broad, deltoid, tri-quadripinnate ; primary pinne or branches spreading ; secondary and tertiary
narrow, oblong, acuminate; ultimate, or pinnules, sessile, linear-oblong, 15-2 inches long, deeply pinnatifid. Lobes
linear-oblong, blunt, bluntly erenate. Sort generally two or three on each side of the lobe, covered by an involucre
formed of a portion of the recurved margin of each crenature. Costa hairy; rachis yellow-brown, glandular and
hairy. Stipes stout, often viscid, glandular, hairy and rough.— There is a New Zealand variety of this species with

nearly glabrous rachis and stipes, more distant and acuminate secondary and tertiary pinne, narrower pinnules,

Pilices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 23

which are deeper lobed, and bear more numerous sori, scarcely covered by the involucre, and which hence passes
into Polypodium rugulosum, Lab. Forster, probably through accident, calls this an arborescent Fern.

2. Hypolepis Millefolium, Hook. ; fronde spithamea submembranacea ovata v. deltoidea tripinnata,
pinnis primariis lineari- v. ovato-lanceolatis, secundariis lineari-oblongis obtusis, tertiariis (pinnulis) stipitatis
lato-oblongis obtusis profunde pinnatifidis glabratis, segmentis late oblongis inciso-lobulatis margine supe-
riore soriferis, soris parvulis, costis rachi stipiteque sparse subglanduloso-pilosis, rhizomate repente nudo.
—Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 9. p. 68. 4. 95 B.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: shady places near the top of the Ruahine mountains, Colenso.
Lake Rotiuti, Nelson, Monro.

A very much smaller, more delicate, and more finely cut species than O. tenuifolia.—Fronds a span to a foot
high, broadly deltoid or ovate, tripinnate. Primary pinne few, ovate or linear-lanceolate ; secondary 2 inch long,
shortly stalked, linear-oblong, blunt ; tertiary broadly ovate or oblong, blunt, also stalked, pinnatifid, or cut on
each side into three or four lobes, which again are inciso-crenate. Sori solitary on the lobes of the pinnules,
small, covered with the reflected edge of a crenature. Stipes and rachis and costa all pale, covered with weak
scattered hairs. Stipes sometimes hairy at the base. Rhizome without scales, creeping.

3. Hypolepis distans, Hook. ; gracilis, spithamæa ad bipedalem, rigida, fronde coriacea (sicca brunnea)
lineari-ovata acuminata bipinnata, pinnis primariis distantibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis, secundariis bre-
viter stipitatis lineari-oblongis obtusis crenato-lobatis glaberrimis, soris parvulis lobulis reflexis pinnularum
involucratis, rachibus stipiteque rigidis aculeolatis scaberulis, rhizomate squamoso villoso.—Hook. Sp. Fil.
0 227), THU do 9 C:

Has. Northern Island: Northern extreme, Edgerley. Hokianga, Hutt Valley, and Tararua, Colenso.

A remarkably distinct-looking plant, rigid, wiry, and sparingly branched, of a brown colour when dry.—
Rhizome creeping, with scaly brown hairs, very woolly, as are the rootlets, Stipes short or long, dark red-brown, rigid,
and, as well as the rachis and often costa, rough with minute prickles. Frond a span to 14 foot long, bipinnate.
Pinne distant, opposite, slender. Pinnules numerous, rather distant, linear-oblong, blunt, very shortly stipitate,
+ inch long, rigid, coriaceous, glabrous, crenate, lobed or almost pinnatifid. Sori very small, each covered by an
involucre formed of a recurved crenature or lobule of the pinnule.

Gen. XII. CHEILANTHES, Sw.

Sort punctiformes, marginales, distincti. Involuera ut in Hypolepide, sed plerumque confluentia.

Though the New Zealand species of Cheilanthes does not at all resemble Hypolepis, it is not readily charac-
terized, except by having confluent involucres; i.e. instead of solitary isolated teeth or lobes of the pinnules being
reflexed over the sori, longer portions of the margin of the frond are so, to a greater or less degree, forming a con-
tinuous involucre. The genus is a very large and widely diffused one, and the only New Zealand species closely
resembles Notholena distans. (Name from xedos, a lip, and avdos, a flower ; from the form of the indusium.)

1. Cheilanthes tenwéfolia, Sw.; rhizomate crasso repente squamoso, frondibus ceespitosis erectis
glaberrimis coriaceis lineari-ovatis deltoideisve tripinnatis contractis e pinnis primariis erectis distantibus,
pinnulis parvis sparsis lineari-oblongis ovatisve lobatis pinnatifidisve, lobulis obtusis obtuse crenatis
omnibus soriferis, soris continuis, stipite rachibusque validis brunneis nitidis glaberrimis v. stipite basi
piloso.—Swartz, Syn. Fil. Schkuhr, t. 125. Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cuna. Prodr. Hook. Sp. Fil.
v. 2. p. 82. C. Sicberi, Kunze, Hook. I. c. t. 97 B. C. Preissiana, Kunze in Plant. Preiss. Hook. L c.
Pteris humilis, Forst. Prodr. ?

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands; as far south as Banks’ Peninsula, in dry places, Banks and

Solander, etc.

24 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

The true C. tenuifolia is a very widely diffused Fern, throughout the warmest parts of Asia, in Australia, Tas-
mania, and the Malay Archipelago. The Australian and New Zealand plants are smaller, and have often a more
contracted frond than the Indian, and have hence been made into another species (C. Sieberi). The immense suite
of specimens preserved in the Hookerian Herbarium, however, shows that all are one and the same plant, to which
the C. Preissiana of Kunze (who quotes Lesson's New Zealand specimens as identical with the Swan River ones,
which he describes, and which I have examined) must be added. The latter has been distinguished by the presence
of a few hairs towards the base of the stipes, a character I find present and absent in different fronds of the same
specimen. I have quoted the figure of C. Siebert (in Hook. Sp. Fil.) as exactly resembling the New Zealand plant,
and not that of C. tenuifolia, which is taken from the Indian form of the species.—LRhizome very stout, thickly
covered with silky long scales. Stipes tufted, stout, glossy, red-brown, quite glabrous, or with a few spreading
hairs towards the base. Fronds 3 inches to a span or a foot long, narrow-ovate or oblong, rarely deltoid, much
contracted from the erect pinns, tripinnate. Pinne distant; secondary scattered. Pinnules perfectly glabrous,
few and small, coriaceous, 3-5 lines long, yellow-green, linear-oblong, blunt, crenate; their margins very revolute,
lobed or pinnatifid; margins of all the lobes reflexed, forming a continuous coriaceous crenate involucre, with
membranous edges. Capsules very numerous and prominent, often covering the pinnules. Rachis red-brown,
shining, quite smooth.—This is anything but a handsome Fern in colour, form, or texture, always looking starved
and dry ; the small, narrow, scattered pinnules, with revolute margins, bearing a small proportion in size to the stout
stipes and rachis. The pinnules often appear as a mass of fructification. In some specimens the primary pinne
are reduced to small crumpled lobes not 4 an inch long.

Gen. XIII. PTERIS, Br.

Sori lineares, marginales, continui; capsulis sinu involucri insertis. Involucrum marginale, conti-
nuum, scariosum, intus liberum.—Br. Prodr.

One of the largest and most extensively distributed groups of Ferns, which has been divided (on so many
and various grounds) into so many genera, that, were they adopted here, one might perhaps be found for each New
Zealand species. Such dismemberments of genera, though extremely useful to the skilled botanist when working
upon a multitude of species from all parts of the world, are, when not absolutely necessary, highly inconvenient for
local floras, rendering these impracticable to the student. have therefore, in this case, adopted the old genus,
as defined in Brown's ‘ Prodromus Flore Australis,’ and introduced as sections those of the new that are natural.
Pteris, thus characterized, contains all those Ferns whose sori run continuously, or nearly so, along the edge of the
whole pinnule, and are covered with a continuous scarious or membranous involucre, formed of the incurved edge
of the frond. It is distinguished from Cheilanthes only by the greater continuity and regular outline of the
involucre. (Name from rrepvé, a plume.)

$ 1. Puarynoma, J. Sm.—Frond pinnate (in the New Zealand species); veins forked, free.

1. Pteris (Platyloma) falcata, Br.; frondibus rigidis erectis linearibus pinnatis, pinnis lineari-oblongis
lanceolatisve acutis mucronatisve falcatis glabris basi obliquis obtusis nunc margine superiore basi auricu-
lato, stipite rachique squamato.— Br. Prodr. P. seticaulis, Hook. Ic. Plant. £. 207.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A native of the Peninsula of India, Australia, and Tasmania.—Fronds erect, coriaceous, rigid, tufted, 1-3 feet
high, narrow linear, pinnate. Pinne quite glabrous, linear-lanceolate or oblong, 2-14 inch long (in Australian spe-
cimens 23 inches), shortly stipitate, falcate, acute or mucronate, oblique at the base, which is very broadly cuneate ;
the upper margin sometimes produced into a lobe or gibbous. Sort broad, continuous all round the pinnule,
partially covered with a very narrow involucre. Rachis stout, densely villous, and covered with spreading scaly
hairs. Stipes black, hispid.

2, Pteris (Platyloma) rotundifolia, Forst.; frondibus rigidis decumbentibus v. suberectis linearibus

Filices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 25

pinnatis, pinnis late oblongis rotundatisve obtusis mucronatisve glabris basi oblique truncatis, stipite
rachique hispido-paleaceis.—Porst. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: as far south as Banks’ Peninsula, Forster, ete, (Cultivated at
Kew.)

Very variable in size, and so much so in length of pinna, that I quite believe that it will prove a variety of
P. falcata, from which it only differs in the narrower, generally decumbent frond, much broader and shorter pinne,
which are broadly oblong and blunt, or rounded, and in the sori being often interrupted. Some of Dr. Sinclair’s
specimens seem quite intermediate, as are others cultivated at Kew.

$ 2. Preris, L.— Fronds bi-tripinnate. Veins forked, free, united at their ends by the continuous receptacle.

9. Pteris aguilina, L., var. esculenta; fronde rigida coriacea tripinnata glabra v. subtus parce pubes-
cente v. pilosa, pinnulis anguste linearibus ultimis sepius longe caudatis decurrenti-coadunatis, costa
crassa, rachibus stipiteque validis glabris. P. esculenta, Forst. Prodr. Swartz, Syn. Fil, Lab. Fl. Nov.
Holl. v. 2. p. 95. 1.244. Br. Prodr. Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, as far south as Akaroa, Nat, name, “ Aruhe,” and * Roi" for the
root, Col.

One of the most common New Zealand Ferns, and in many places a great pest to agriculturists, who find its
running woody roots very difficult to extirpate. The latter roasted were formerly a staple article of food with the
natives. The same variety grows in Australia, Tasmania, and the Pacific Islands, and differs very slightly from the
P. aquilina of the north temperate zone, which has fully twenty names in systematie works, and is found in one
form or another in all parts of the world.— Rhizome subterranean, creeping, as thick as two fingers. Stipes some-
times 10 feet high, grooved on one side, stout, pale yellow, shining, glabrous, Frond 2-4 feet long, broadly
deltoid, tri-quadri-pinnate, of a very hard rigid coriaceous texture, glossy above. Pinnules linear, decurrent and
united with one another, by forming a wing to the rachis, often hairy below. Sori continuous, frequently sur-
rounding the pinnules, and even continued along their decurrent bases, to those of the pinnule below them. — Znvo-
ducres very coriaceous. Midrib very thick, often grooved and hairy.—Cunningham has made some mistake about
this plant in his * Prodromus; implying he never saw it, and doubting its being a native, whereas it is the most
common of all Ferns at the Bay of Islands, whence there are fine specimens in his own Herbarium, but unnamed.

4. Pteris tremula, Br.; fronde elata glaberrima submembranacea bi-quadripinnata, pinnis primariis
ascendentibus, pinnulis linearibus adnatis decurrentibus subacutis sterilibus rarius integerrimis crenato-
dentatis fertilibus plerumque integris, venis furcatis omnibus liberis, rachi stipiteque glaberrimis.— Br.
Prodr. P. affinis, A. Rich. Flor. A. Onun. Prodr. P. tenuis, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Throughout the Northern Islands; abundant, (Cultivated at Kew.)

This is a very common Tasmanian, Norfolk Island, and Australian plant, also found in Juan Fernandez and
Chili, and which so closely resembles P. arguta of the South of Europe, the Atlantic Islands, Abyssinia, Africa,
and the Hast Indies, that I think it possible that all may be proved to belong to one widely diffused species.—
Extremely variable in size, from 1-5 feet, in consistency from membranous to coriaceous, in colour from pale
light green to olive-green, in amount of the division from bi- to quadri-pinnate, or almost decompound, and in
breadth and length of the pinnules, which are quite entire or crenate. Its general characters are those of a per-
fectly glabrous tripinnate frond, rather membranous, broadly deltoid, with ascending branches; the pinnules 1-2
inches long and 4 broad, linear, blunt, adnate, decurrent, crenate, with forked free veins, and a glabrous shining
costa and rachis: specimens in which all the pinnules are soriferous have these much narrower, more coriaceous,
with the involucres sometimes reaching to the costa; this has given rise to A. Cunningham's P, tenuis.

5. Pteris scaberula, A. Rich.; rigida, erecta, glanduloso-pubescens, fronde erecta coriacea ovato-
lanceolata v. lineari-oblonga et contracta bi-tripinnata, pinnis secundariis lincari-lanceolatis stipitatis pro-

VOL, II. H

26 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

funde pinnatifidis pinnatisve v. dissectis, segmentis glaberrimis glanduloso-puberulisve ultimis minimis
obovato-oblongis basi angustatis substipitatis crenato-serratis rarius elliptico-oblongis integerrimis rachibus
et stipite glanduloso-pubescentibus scaberulisque.—4. Rich. Flor. p. 82. t. 11. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook.
Sp. Fil. t. 93 A. P. microphylla, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: frequent as far south as Akaroa,

A very distinct and pretty species, easily recognized by its much-divided frond and minute coriaceous pinnules :
it is found in New Zealand only.—Rhizome stout, woody, creeping, hairy and often scaly. Stipes very stout, erect,
often a span or more long, glandular and covered with red-brown hairs. Frond a span to a foot long, broadly
ovate or elongated and contracted, tripinnate ; ultimate segments 1 line to + inch long, very coriaceous, pale
yellow-green, quite glabrous or glandular-pubescent, entire or toothed, generally obovate, stalked, blunt, sometimes
elliptic-oblong, acute, and entire, and then auricled at the base. Sori generally surrounding the whole pinnule.

Rachis stout, flexuose, yellow-red, hairy and glandular.
$ 3. LITOBROCHIA.— Feins more or less anastomosing.

6. Pteris (Litobrochia) Vespertilionis, Lab. ; fronde glaberrima elata ampla bi-tripinnata subtus glau-
cescente membranacea, pinnis primariis ovato-lanceolatis, secundariis lineari-lanceolatis acutis seepius sessili-
bus rachive adnatis, pinnulis late oblongis oblongo-lanceolatisve rarius lanceolatis obtusis integerrimis v.
obtuse lobatis crenatis pinnatifidisve, venulis furcatis basi plerumque anastomosantibus, costa flexuosa,
rachi stipiteque glaberrimis pallidis nitidis antice sulcatis.—Lab. Flor. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 96. t. 245. Br.
Prodr. Flor. Antarct. p. 110. P. Brunoniana, Endl. Prodr. Pl. Nov. Holl. A. Cunn. Prodr. P. mon-
tana, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Throughout the Islands; not uncommon on the margins of woods, ete. (Culüvated at
Kew.)

An Auckland Island, Tasmanian, Norfolk Island, and New Holland plant; also found in the East Indian
Islands, at the Mauritius, South Africa, and "Tristan d'Acunha, in Brazil, Juan Fernandez, and the West Indies.—
Fronds perfectly glabrous, tall (2-4 feet), ample, broadly deltoid, membranous, glaucous below, bi-tripinnate; small
specimens are sometimes simply pinnate. Primary pinne ovate-lanceolate ; secondary linear, sometimes pinnatifid ;
pinnules broadly oblong or rounded, quite entire, adnate and decurrent, rarely linear; costa flexuose ; veins forked,
often joining at the base in the lower pinnules. Stipes and rachis very pale yellowish or brown, channelled in front,

shining, often glaucous.

7. Pteris (Litobrochia) macilenta, A. Rich.; fronde tenuiter membranacea flaccida glaberrima v. in-
ferne sparse puberula elata ampla bi-quadripinnata, pinnis primariis secundariisque longe stipitatis remotis
sparsis, pinnulis paucis remotis inferioribus stipitatis superioribus adnatis decurrentibus pinnatifidis basi
pinnatis, segmentis ovato-oblongis acutis argute grosse inciso-serratis lobatisve, costa flexuosa, venis rarius
furcatis nunc basi anastomosantibus, soris sinubus latis continuis, stipite rachique pallidis gracilibus.—
A. Rich. Flor. p. 88. t. 12. A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Throughout the Northern Island, in dark groves, D’ Urville, etc.

One of the most beautiful New Zealand Ferns, found nowhere else, extremely variable in size, from 1 to nearly
5 feet high.—Prond broadly deltoid, bi-quadri-pinnate, very delicate, membranous and flaccid, with the pinnee seat-
tered along the slender rachis, quite glabrous, or with a few white, soft, short, scattered hairs below. Pinnules
1-4 inches long, lower stalked, upper adnate, pinnatifid ; the lobes oblong, sharp, sharply coarsely toothed towards
the tip, or lobed. Sori continuous in the hollows, but not extending to the tips of the segments, Stipes and
rachis very slender, pale, shining, quite glabrous or sparingly pubescent.

8, Pteris (Litobrochia) comans, Forst.; fronde ampla membranacea flaccida bi-tripinnata glaberrima v.

Filices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 27

subtus sparse puberula, pinnis primariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, secundariis lanceolatis lineari-lanceo-
latis pinnatifidis rarius caudatis, segmentis oblongis subacutis crenato-dentatis pinnatisve, pinnulis sessilibus
stipitatisve plerumque basi adnata decurrentibus lineari-oblongis linearibusve serratis lobatis pinnatifidisve,
lobis serratis, venis furcatis anastomosantibus, rachibus stipiteque glabris.—Forst, Prodr. Endl. Prodr.
Flor. Ins. Norf. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 92. P. Endlicheriana, Agardh, Recens.
Gen. Pterid. p. 66. Hook. Ie. Plant. t. 973.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, etc., D'Urville. Falls of Keri Keri River, Cunningham, ete.
Auckland, Waikate, and Great Barrier Island, Sinclair.

A very similar plant to P. tremula, but with broader fronds and pinnules, which are very variable in size: it is
best known from that plant by the veins being always connected by branches near the costa. It is a native of
Norfolk Island, Tasmania, and Juan Fernandez, whence the specimens are almost quadripinnate, with the primary
pinne often caudate, and the pinnules narrower. In some New Zealand specimens the frond appears pinnate or
bipinnate at most, the pinne pinnatifid, with very broad segments, 14 inch long and nearly 4 inch broad, acute and
serrated at the tips only; in these the veins branch and anastomose repeatedly. This appears from specimens in
the British Museum to be certainly the P. comans of Forster, long considered a doubtful plant, and the P. Endii-
cheriana, Ag.

Gen. XIV. LOMARIA, Wiiid.

Sori frondibus distinctis, lineares, continui; capsulis demum superficiem totam pinnule contracte
operientibus. Involuerum marginale, scariosum, continuum, intus liberum v. dehiscens.

A large tropical and south temperate genus of Ferns.— ronds tufted, usually pinnatifid, or simply pinnate ; the
central ones in the tufts bearing fructification, the rest barren, with broader pinne ; sometimes one side only, or a
few pinnz of the frond only are fertile. Sori as in Pteris, but generally occupying the whole under surface of the
pinnule, as in Stenochlena, which however has no true involucre. Involucre marginal, scarious, continuous, often
reaching the costa, (Name from domo, a Fringe; in allusion to the scarious indusium.)

$ a. Sterile fronds pinnate. AU, or at least the lowest pinne contracted at the base, or stipitate.

1. Lomaria procera, Spr.; elata, rigida, valde coriacea, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis sterilibus lineari-
oblongis v. ensiformi-lanceolatis v. acutis acuminatis caudatisve basi truncatis angustatis auriculato-corda-
tisve, fertilibus (ejusdem v. diverse frondis) linearibus, costa subtus stipite rachique paleacea v. nuda. —
Spreng. Syst. Veg. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Ie. Plant. t. 407, 408. FT. Antarct. p. 110. L. latifolia,
Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Stegania procera, Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. p. 86. 4.18. Blechnum pro-
cerum, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 87. t. 247. Parablechnum procerum, Presi, Epimel. p. 109.

Var. a; elata, robusta, valde coriacea, pinnis sterilibus basi oblique truncatis v. late cuneatis.

Var. 8; omnia var. a, sed pinnis sterilibus basi auriculato-cordatis.

Var. y; omnia var. a et 8, sed pinnis sterilibus basi angustatis.

Var. 5. minor; pallide viridis, minus coriacea, pinnis sterilibus subobtusis basi subtransversa, supe-
rioribus adnatis. Stegania minor, Br. Prodr. (Tas. LXXV.)

Haz. Abundant throughout the Islands, in woods and marshes, on rocks, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A-common and extremely variable Fern, of a very coarse texture, found in Auckland Island, Australia, and
Tasmania, and which I cannot distinguish specifically from the West Indian Z. lineata, the South American L. Ohi-
lensis, and the South African Z. Capensis. It differs from the Antarctic American Z. Magellanica in the broader and
shorter paleæ at the base of the stipes.—Fronds a span to 4 feet high, tufted, growing from a stout caudex, that
often becomes woody and frutescent. Stipes very stout, generally paleaceous at the base. Rachis generally naked
and glabrous. Sterile fronds pinnate, short and broadly ovate or lanceolate. Pinne three to twenty pair, distant, or

28 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Filices.

approximate and imbricating at the base : the upper generally adnate, lower stalked, extremely variable in length, from
2-12 inches long and from 3-14 broad, broadly oblong, or linear and almost strap-shaped, blunt, acute, acumi-
nate or tailed; the base acute, cuneate, truncate, cordate or produced into great lobes above and below, which
sometimes lap over those of the pinnæ above it and the rachis, of a very rigid texture, marked with close
grooves between the veins; margins finely and minutely toothed. Terminal pinna long or short, sometimes erect,
and much larger than the lateral ones. Lowest pinne sometimes obliquely ovate, or even orbicular-reniform. Fertile
pinne on separate fronds, or occupying half (one side) of the sterile, or a few pinnz or portions of them only are
soriferous, narrow linear, 3-8 inches long, sometimes so narrow as to be filiform. Costa naked or paleaceous.—
There are no limits to the variations of this protean plant, of which the New Zealand botanist should collect and
preserve large suites of specimens, with the stipes and rhizome: it is indeed only by such large suites that any
accurate idea can be obtained of the species of Ferns, and it is impossible for the student or even the botanist to
recognize some of the states of this plant at first sight. About thirty New Zealand specimens were selected for the
Hookerian Herbarium, out of many hundreds that I have examined ; these show every character I have given in the
description, and pass so insensibly one into another, that I find it vain to attempt to limit the varieties. Most of
these may further be found in Tasmania, Australia, and South America, together with other varieties not alluded
to here. That which I have called minor differs in its smaller size, very coriaceous texture, greener colour, and
blunter pinnze.—PrATE LXXV., L. procera, var. minor. Fig. 1, fertile pinnule; 2, portion of ditto; 8, capsules ;
4, spores :—all magnified.

2. Lomaria fluviatilis, Spr.; frondibus cespitosis linearibus elongatis pinnatis, pinnis sterilibus
plurimis membranaceis oblongo-rotundatis lineari-oblongisve obtusis crenatis margine undulatisve infimis
breve stipitatis supremis basi lata adnatis confluentibusve, pinnis fertilibus brevibus linearibus erectis obtusis,
rachi stipiteque brevi squamis patentibus, rhizomate erinito-paleaceo.—Spreng. Syst. Veg. Stegania, Br.
Prodr. L. rotundifolia, Raoul, Chois de Plantes, p. 9. t. 2 B. 1. rotundifolia, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. New Zealand, Forster in Herb. Hook. Mountainous parts of the Northern Island, Colenso, etc.
Middle and Southern Islands, Lyall, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A very distinct species, also found in Tasmania, varying a good deal in size and form of pinne, but on the
whole a well-marked species. It is curious that both M. Raoul and Mr. Colenso should have overlooked Brown’s
description of Z. fluviatilis, and independently adopted the name of rotundifolia for this plant.—Rhizome stout, often
woody, and base of the short stipes thickly clothed with long scales. Fronds 8-18 inches high, tufted, very
narrow. Pinne very numerous, sterile, rounded or linear-oblong, blunt, waved or crenate at the tip, ¿-1% inch
long; lower shortly stipitate ; upper adnate by a broad base, top ones confluent. Pinnc of the fertile fronds fewer,
erect, linear, narrow, blunt, 22 inch long. Stipes and. rachis covered with more or less spreading scales.

3. Lomaria pumila, Raoul; frondibus ceespitosis linearibus lineari-lanceolatisve basi angustatis breve
stipitatis submembranaceis pinnatis v. superne pinnatifidis, pinnis lineari-oblongis obtusis basi abrupte con-
tractis late adnatisve crenato-dentatis inferioribus rotundatis, fertilibus longe stipitatis pinnatis, pinnis
ascendentibus lincaribus remotis obtusis mucronatisve, stipite glaberrimo, rachi parce basi dense paleacea.—
Raoul, Choix de Plantes, p. 10.224.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands; not uncommon in damp woods, watercourses, etc., Raoul,
Colenso, Lyall, ete.

A very much smaller plant than Z. fluviatilis or L. lanceolata, to both of which it is nearly allied, differing
from fluviatilis in the smaller size, paler fronds, glabrous rachis and upper part of stipes, and pinnules being less con-
tracted at the base, and from lanceolata in the much smaller size, narrower, more pinnate frond, more membranous
texture, and shorter, broader pinnules. From the common large coriaceous state of L. lanceolata, with narrow,
almost entire, faleate pinnules, it is abundantly distinct; but I have many specimens of both that I am quite at a
loss how to distinguish. Most of my specimens have more pinnate fronds, and pinnules more narrowed at the base,

Pilices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 29

than M. Raoul's. Some specimens resemble Z. Banksii, but differ in texture and in the narrowed base of the
more numerous pinnse. —Pronds tufted, 2 inches to a span high, membranous, pale green, blunt or acute. Pinnules
coarsely bluntly crenate, especially towards the blunt apices, close set, linear-oblong or rounded, sessile by a broad
base, or contracted at the upper or lower end or at both margins ; veins distant, forked ; upper surface shining.
Lowest pinne remote, rounded, generally attached by a broad base, and running close down to the base of the
stipes. Fertile pinne on longer stipes, of few or many, distant, narrow linear, blunt or apiculate pinne. Stipes
chaffy at the base. Caudez large and stout for the size of the plant.

$ b. Frond pinnatifid, or pinnate, when the lower pinnules are adnate by a very broad base to the rachis.

4. Lomaria Vulcanica, Blume ; rhizomate crasso paleis crinito, fronde sterili sublonge stipitata coriacea
lanceolata ovata v. ovato-deltoidea pinnatifida basi pinnata, pinnis glabris approximatis faleatis infimis
decurvis lanceolatis obtusis acuminatisve integerrimis v. subcrenatis costa nervisque glabris v. villosulis,
fertilibus patentibus anguste linearibus basi obtusis acutisve dilatatis, involucris marginalibus laceris, stipite
basi crinito.—Blwme, Bn. Fil. Java. Hook. Ie: Plant. t. 969. L. deflexa, Colenso in Tasm. Phil.
Journ.

Has. Northern Island: Tarawera, Hast Coast, etc., Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. (Cultivated
ab Kew.)

A very distinct species, easily recognized by the often deltoid ‘coriaceous frond, the two lower pinne of which
are deflexed. It is found in Tasmania and on the lofty mountains of Java.— Rhizome usually very stout and woody,
sometimes as thick as the wrist. Fronds terminal, 4—18 inches long, tufted, on long stipes, ovate or lanceolate,
deltoid, coriaceous. Pinne close, 13-3 inches long, falcate, acuminate (rarely blunt), perfectly’ entire or irregu-
larly crenate, glabrous or pubescent on the costa and nerves below (especially in Java specimens). Fertile fronds
with much narrower pinnz, and marginal sori sometimes covering the whole pinna. Rachis and stipes pale, the
latter crinite with long black scaly bristles at the base.— Mr. Colenso has collected a stunted form of this, with a
proportionally immense prostrate caudex, such as other species of Lomaria often form in dry soils.

5. Lomaria elongata, Blume; fronde coriacea glaberrima, sterili pinnatifida (juniore integra lanceo-
lata) in stipitem decurrente, pinnis elongatis lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis falcatis decurrenti-confluen-
tibus, rachi late alata, costa glaberrima, fronde sterili pinnatifida pinnis anguste lineari-elongatis, involucris
laceris, rachi anguste alata, stipitibus robustis laxe squamatis.—L. elongata, Blume, et L. punctata, Blume,
En. Plant. Jav. v. 2. p. 201. Kunze, Farnkr. t. 191. L. Colensoi, Hook. Fil. in Ic. Plant. t. 627, 698.
L. heterophylla, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Waikare Lake, Colenso. Port Nicholson, Sinclair. Ship
Cove, Lyall.

An exceedingly handsome Fern, though neither delicate nor finely cut: it is found in Java, Ceylon, and the
Neelgherrie Hills of the Indian Peninsula, and closely resembles a South American species, in which however the
rachis of the fertile frond does not appear to be winged.—Fronds pendulous, very thick and coriaceous, quite
smooth and glabrous, 1-3 feet long, deep green and shining. Sterile ones broadly ovate, pinnatifid. Pinne few,
remote, a span long, linear-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, each decurrent and joining that below it, whence the
rachis is very broadly winged; lower pinns decurrent on the stipes, which is furnished with an irregularly lobed
wing. Fertile fronds pinnatifid, the segments very long (10 inches) and narrow; rachis with a narrow wing,
Stipes stout, with a few broad scales.—The veinlets often terminate in a little depression within the margin of the
pinna, whence probably Blume's name of Z. punctata.

6. Lomaria Zanceolata, Br.; frondibus fertilibus utrinque concoloribus submembranaceis ceespitosis
glabris anguste elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi angustatis breviter stipitatis pinnatifidis basi pinnatis,
pinnis plurimis approximatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis acutis y. acuminatis subfalcatis integerrimis v.

VOL. II. I

30 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [-Filices

subsinuato-crenatis, infimis rotundatis nunc discretis, rachi costaque glaberrima, fronde fertili sterilibus
breviore, pinnis patentibus linearibus acutis v. acuminatis, stipite basi squamato subcrinito.—Spr. Syst.
Veg. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 429. A. Cunn. Prodr. L. obtusata, Lab. Sert. Nov. Caled. t. 6. Stegania,
Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. Endl. Prodr. Flor. Ins. Norf.

Haz. Throughout the Islands; abundant. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A common Tasmanian plant, also found in Australia, and as far south as Lord Auckland’s Group; an
apparently identical species occurs in the Society Islands, and in tropical and extra-tropical South America.—
Fronds tufted, on a very short, erect caudex, 2 inches to 2 feet high, firm in texture, but not coriaceous, pale green,
paler below; barren ones quite glabrous, long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, much narrowed below, often produced
to the base of the short stipes, pinnate below, pinnatifid above. Pinne very numerous and close, narrow or
broadly oblong-lanceolate, 3-2 inches long, blunt or sharp, quite entire or bluntly toothed towards the tip, trans-
versely ribbed by the forked veins. Fertile fronds shorter; pinne distant, spreading, narrow linear, acute or acu-
minate. Rachis and coste quite smooth and glabrous. Stipes with long subulate blackish scales at the base.—
Norfolk Island specimens are very much larger than New Zealand ones, and have almost filiform fertile pinne, with
subulate tips. The L. nigra is possibly a state of this species, which it resembles in the acute tips to the fertile
pinnee.

7. Lomaria discolor, Willd.; frondibus cespitosis, fertilibus glaberrimis subcoriaceis subtus discolori-
bus rufo-brunneis (rarius concoloribus) pinnatifidis (basi sæpius pinnatis) elongato-lanceolatis acutis basi
angustatis, pinnis plurimis (subpectinatis) divaricatis approximatis sinu angusto acuto lineari-lanceolatis
obtusis acutis acuminatisve infimis brevibus integerrimis v. obscure sinuatis, costa rachique glaberrimis,
fronde fertili plerumque pinnatifida pinnis obtusis basi dilatatis nudis inferioribus sterilibus rarius pinnata
pinnis basi substipitatis, costa valida atra, stipite brevi basi paleaceo.— Willd. Sp. Pl. A. Cunn. Prodr.
Stegania discolor, 4. Rich. Flor. Hemionitis discolor, Schk. Fil. t. 6 (sub nom. H. rufa). Onoclea nuda,
Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 2. p. 96. 4.246. Stegania falcata, Br. Prodr.

Has. Throughout the Islands; abundant. (Cultivated at Kew.)

It is generally easy to distinguish this from L. lanceolata by the red colour of the under surface of the frond,
but this is not always the case either in New Zealand or in Australian and Tasmanian specimens. Labillardiére hence
made a new species of the Tasmanian, which has been retained by Mr. Brown; but I find specimens from that
island to be as red below as those from New Zealand, and there is no other character whereby to separate them.—
Fronds tufted on the top of a very short, woolly, erect, thick caudex, forming an elegant crown; 1-8 fect long,
narrow linear-lanceolate, perfectly glabrous, rather coriaceous, pinnatifid. Pinne very numerous, close, and placed
at right angles to the rachis, with a narrow slit between the contiguous pairs, straight, linear-oblong or lanceolate,
blunt, sharp or acuminate, 13—4 inches long, obscurely serrate or quite entire ; lowest smaller, sometimes distant.
Fertile fronds pinnate or pinnatifid; pinne spreading, stout, linear, dilated, adnate, and leafy or contracted, and
almost stipitate at the base; lower pinnee often quite barren, and like those of the barren frond. Costa and rachis
quite smooth, the latter very stout, often black, deeply channelled in front. Stipes short, stout, scaly at the base.

8. Lomaria alpina, Spr.; glaberrima, fronde sterili stipitata anguste lineari profunde pinnatifida v.
pinnata, pinnis approximatis basi lata sessilibus oblongis obtusis coriaceis inferioribus minoribus coriaceis,
costa tenui, rachi valida, fronde fertili elongata sterilibus longiore pinnata, pinnis lineari-oblongis obtusis
divaricatis curvis, infimis parvis remotis sterilibus, stipite valido nudo v. sparse squamato, rhizomate ceespi-
toso repente squamoso.—Spr. Syst. Veg. Flor. Antarct. p. 892. f. 150. L. polypodioides, Gaud. in
Freye. Voy. Bot. L. Antarctica, Carm. Fl. Ins. Trist. d'Aeunha. 1. linearis, Colenso in Tasm. Phil.
Journ. v. 9. p. 176. Stegania alpina, Br. Prodr.

Has. Mountainous parts of the Northern, and throughout the Middle and Southern Islands; abun-
dant. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 31

A very abundant plant in South Chili, Fuegia, and the Falkland Islands; also found in Juan Fernandez, Tris-
tan d’Acunha, Kerguelen's Land, and on the Tasmanian Mountains. It is a small, coriaceous species, with creeping
rhizome and very ceespitose narrow fronds, of which the fertile are always much the longest; weak, elongated
specimens have less coriaceous fronds, with obscurely sinuate pinnules.—Pronds 2 inches to 2 feet high, with long
stipes, linear, 4-3 inch broad, narrowed above and below, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate. Pinne 20-50 pairs,
very close together, linear-oblong, blunt, sessile on very broad bases. Fertile fronds pinnate; pinne spreading,
sometimes deflexed, remote, linear, blunt, curving upwards, rarely straight and short, lowest remote, small, rounded,
often without sori; involueres distinct, scarious. Rachis and stipes stout, smooth, sometimes with a few pales.
Rhizome paleaceous.

9. Lomaria Banksii, Hook. fil.; glaberrima, fronde sterili brevissime stipitata anguste lineari profunde
pinnatifida basi pinnata, pinnis brevibus remotis semi-orbicularibus infimis latioribus quam longis sæ-
pissime confluentibus ad basin stipitis decurrentibus, fronde fertili sterilibus breviore pinnata, pinnis paten-
tibus remotis late lineari-oblongis obtusis, rhizomate valido ascendente. Osmunda obtusa, Banks et Sol.
MSS. (Tas. LXXVI.)

Has. Throughout the Islands, in dark woods, but rare, Banks and Solander. Dusky Bay, Menzies.
Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham. ast Coast, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Middle and South Islands,
Lyall.

Intermediate in some respects between Z. lanceolata and Z. alpina; readily distinguished from the latter by its
stout, ascending stipes, fronds pinnate or pinnatifid to the very base, by the fertile fronds being shorter than the
barren, and by the remote, much broader, semi-orbicular pinnee.— Rhizome in full-grown specimens prostrate below,
ascending, several inches long, stout, woody, covered with strong matted fibres, its crown paleaceous. Fronds
numerous, coriaceous, 6 inches to 14 foot high, forming a tuft on the top of the rhizome. Stipes and rachis
very stout, naked. Barren fronds pinnate. Pinne 18-80 pairs, semi-orbieular or broadly oblong, rounded,
entire, coriaceous, sessile by a very broad base; the lower confluent and decurrent to the very base of the stipes,
often forming a sinuous wing to the latter. Fertile fronds 6-8, much shorter and smaller than the barren, pin-
nate. Pinne remote, short, broadly oblong, blunt, spreading, curved or straight.—Prarke LXXVI. Fig. 1, barren
pinnule; 2, fertile ditto; 8, sori; 4, capsule; 5, spores :—all magnified.

10. Lomaria nigra, Colenso; parvula, luride viridis, frondibus sterilibus pinnatis superioribus sub-
lyrato-pinnatifidis, pinnis paucis subinterruptis oblongis obtusis sinuato-crenatis glaberrimis infimis sepius
majoribus subdeflexis stipitatis marginibus costis rariusque paginis inferioribus pubescentibus terminali
maxima basi lobata, fertilibus pinnatis, pinnis paucis distantibus suberectis anguste linearibus apice subu-
latis acuminatis v. apiculatis terminali elongata, rachi stipitibusque sparse paleaceis.—Col. in Tasm. Phil.
Journ. Hook. le. Plant. t. 960.

Has. Northern Island: east coast and interior, Colenso, Sinclair, etc. Milford and Bligh's Sound,
Lyall.

An anomalous-looking plant, with blackish or lurid membranous fronds, brittle when dry, a span long.—Pin-
nules few in number, irregularly placed, broadly oblong, blunt, often erose, sinuate, irregular in outline, the terminal
generally very large and lobed, the lower pair much larger than those above them, stalked. Fertile fronds slender,
with a few very slender acuminate distant pinnæ; the upper very long, erect.—The habit and paleaceous rachis re-
semble those of Z. fluviatilis; in its ordinary state the lyrate frond sufficiently distinguishes this, but its other
characters are not very marked; the narrow fertile pinnee with subulate tips, resemble those of L. lanceolata. The
pubescence consists of short tomentum, which is rufous when dry, sometimes spread over the whole under surface of
the pinnules, at others confined to the margins and coste, or wholly absent.

$ c. Frond bipinnatifid.

11. Lomaria Fraseri, A. Cunn.; caudice valido elongato suberecto, frondibus cespitosis ovatis v.

32 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Filices.
ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis bipinnatifidis glaberrimis, pinnis primariis lineari-lanceolatis apice angustatis
profunde pinnatifidis, pinnulis lineari-oblongis, acutis subfalcatis integerrimis serratisve, rachi stipiteque ala
interrupta acute angulato-lobata marginata costisque glaberrimis, stipite basi squamoso, fronde fertili pinnulis
lineari-elliptieis substipitatis apiculatis, involucris integris reflexis nudis,—4. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Ic.
Plant. t. 185.

Has. Northern Island, and northern parts of the Middle Island; rare. Bay of Islands, Praser, etc.

Massacre Bay, Lyall.

This is quite unlike any other species, and is found nowhere but in New Zealand.— Caudex, or rhizome, some-
times 2-3 feet long, as thick as the thumb, covered with the bases of the old stipites. Fronds numerous, a span
to 12 foot long, ovate, bipinnatifid, quite glabrous, rather membranous. Primary pinne 2-4 inches long, 2 broad,
tapering to a long point, pinnatifid nearly to the costa ; segments close together, linear-oblong, acute, quite entire
or serrate. Rachis margined irregularly with a sharply angled and lobed wing, that is produced downwards nearly to
the base of the stipes, where the latter is scaly. Fertile fronds like the barren, but narrower, and the primary pinne
are often again pinnate, caudate, and their segments are adnate, or shortly stipitate. Involucres marginal, curving

away from the sorus.

Gen. XV. ASPLENIUM, Z.

Sori lineares, sparsi, superficie (rarius margine) frondis, venis parallele. Imvoluerum e vena lateraliter

ortum ducens, margine superiore libero.

One of the largest and most widely diffused genera of Ferns, of which the species also have an extensive geo-
graphical distribution. The New Zealand kinds have defied all attempts to be limited by words, and, with the
exception of 4. flabellifolium and polyodon, 1 know of no two, however dissimilar, that can well be distinguished at
first sight from one another by descriptions. I have examined upwards of a thousand specimens from all parts of the
islands, for which I am especially indebted to Dr. Lyall’s splendid collections, which contained copious suites of full-
sized specimens of every form. These presented many intermediate states between A. lucidum, A. flaccidum, A.
bulbiferum, and A. obtusatum ; every attempt to draw a limit to any of the above-named forms by words failed ;
size, colour, texture, amount of scales, mode of growth, amount and form of cutting or division of the fronds, length,
breadth, and position of sori vary with every specimen and at every locality; and sometimes, when I did fancy I had
found a diagnostic character between Dr. Lyall’s specimens, those of Dr. Sinclair, Mr. Colenso, or my own, would
come in to render it of no avail. Nearly all the New Zealand forms are abundant, and equally variable in other
localities, and especially in similarly damp insular climates, which are not only favourable to a rich and varied Fern-
vegetation, but seem to favour the variations of the species themselves. The limits ascribed to the above-named
species in the following pages, I regard as quite arbitrary; I described what I supposed to represent the most gene-
rally distinct forms known to me; but it must be borne in mind, that I may often have called that the prevalent or
typical state of a plant, of which I happen to have the most specimens, or that which I gathered myself most com-
monly. Careful observations of all the species over extensive areas can alone indicate what should be regarded as
the typical state of a plant; and 1 would caution the New Zealand student against expressing any decided opinion
till he has arranged a large herbarium of them, from all parts of the islands, and

on the New Zealand Asplenia,
compared the specimens with one another, and with those from other parts of the world.—The genus is distin-

guished by bearing on the back of the frond linear sori, covered with a linear membranous involucre. Involucre
attached lengthwise to a veinlet (with which the sori are parallel), opening lengthwise and inwards; sometimes
the fronds are cut, or divided between every veinlet, when the sori become margin
open outwards, but if the whole pinna be carefully regarded, it will be seen that the involucre really opens towards
its costa. (Name from a, privative, and oAqy, the spleen ; in allusion to some supposed medicinal qualities.)

al, and the involucres appear to

Filices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. . 33

a. Fronds simply pinnate: pinne toothed, scarcely lobed. In A. lucidum the lower pinne are sometimes
pup p y p
pinnate at the base.

1. Asplenium flabellifolium, Cav.; parvulum, flaccidum, frondibus decumbentibus lineari-elongatis
pinnatis, pinnis rhombeis breviter stipitatis antice crenato-dentatis, rachi levi filiformi apice elongato radi-
cante.—Cav. Sw. Fil. p. 81. 4. 81.7.2. Br. Prodr. A. Cuna. Prodr.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, but not very common; Day of Islands, Cunningham, etc. East
Coast, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Banks Peninsula, Raoul, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A common Tasmanian and Australian species, very closely allied to a Chili one.—Fronds tufted, straggling,
prostrate or pendulous, slender, weak, flaccid, 8-8 inches long, pinnate, quite glabrous. Pinne very variable in
size and shape, 4-3 inch long, shortly stipitate, rhomboid or orbicular, broadly cuneate or rarely reniform at the
base, outer margin coarsely crenate or lobed. Sori radiating from the base of the pinna. Rachis filiform, elon-
gated, its apex without pinne, often rooting.—This is a very distinct species from any of the following.

2. Asplenium obtusatum, Forst.; frondibus coriaceis cespitosis erectis v. pendulis pinnatis, pinnis
breviter stipitatis oblongis oblongo-lanceolatisve obtusis acutis acuminatisve serratis crenatisve basi oblique
cuneatis rotundatis truncatisve, rachi crassa marginata glaberrima v. sparse subsquamoso-pilosa, stipite basi
squamato squamis nitidis.

Var. a; fronde erecta, pinnis valde coriaceis obtusis acuminatisve, venis ut plurimum simplicibus. A.
obtusatum, Forst. Prodr. Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 2. 4. 93. l. 249. f.2. Br. Prodr. Schkuhr, Fil. v. 1.
2. 6. ¢. 68. Fl. Antarct. p. 108.

Var. 8. obliquum ; pinnis coriaceis elongatis lanceolatis acuminatis, soris linearibus, venis subremotis
simplicibus furcatisve.—J77. Antarct. p. 108. A. obliquum, Forst. Prodr. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 11. Lab. l c.
t. 242. f. 1. A. oblongifolium, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Var. a and 8 very abundant throughout the Islands, Forster, etc. Nat. name, “Paretao,”
Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

The form I have, called var. a is an extremely abundant Fern in the southern hemisphere, especially on maritime
rocks, and represents in these regions its very near ally, the common 4. marinum. of England, from which it differs
chiefly in the upper pinne being confluent into a broader terminal pinna, and in the generally simple veins; cha-
racters which I fear may break down.—Fronds very thick and leathery, tufted, 3 inches to 8 feet long, erect or
pendulous, pinnate; pinnae 1-4 inches long, stalked, linear- or oblong-lanceolate or oblong, blunt or sharp; base
truncate, cuneate, or rounded; margin coarsely crenate or serrate. Veins often quite simple. Rachis very stout,
compressed, margined, glabrous or with a few scattered soft hairs. Stipes covered at the base with long, broad,
erect, shining, subulate scales.— Small plants have only one or two pairs of pinnee, which are often short and blunt.
Sometimes the lower pinnz are lobed or pinnate at the base. As the fronds become more flaccid, the pinne larger,
broader, more acuminate, and the rachis more slender, this passes into the following.

3. Asplenium /ucidum, Forst.; frondibus submembranaceis ceespitosis pinnatis, pinnis ovato- v.
oblongo-lanceolatis longe acuminatis stipitatis basi angustatis grosse crenatis, soris elongatis, rachi gracili
non marginata, stipite basi squamato, squamis nitidis.—Porsé. Prodr. Schk. Fil. t. 12. A, Cunn. Prodr.
A. obtusatum, var., A. Rich. Flor.

Var. B. Lyallii ; pinnis duplicato-serratis, inferioribus basi pinnatis, pinnulis oblique ovato- v. lineari-
oblongis obtusis. (Tas. LXXVII.)

Has. Abundant in woods and throughout the Islands. (Cultivated at Kew.) Var. 8. Middle Island,
Otago, Lyall.

Most probably only a variety of 4. obtusatum, but a very distinct-looking one in its ordinary state. It may be

VOL. II. K

34 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Filices.

distinguished by its larger size, more membranous texture, deeper green colour, shining surface, more narrowed
pinne, which have longer stalks, and by the rachis not being margined. The var. £ is a very remarkable one, having
the upper pinne exactly as in the common states of the plant, but the lower ones coarsely doubly crenate and pinnate
at the base; the individual pinnse are of the same shape as those of A. obtusatum.—Prate LXXVII. 4. obtu-
satum, var. Iyallü. Fig. 1, 2, portions of frond; 3, capsule :—magnified.

4. Asplenium polyodon, Forst.; frondibus coriaceis pinnatis linearibus lineari-lanceolatisve, pinnis
plurimis falcatis elongato-lanceolatis angustato-acuminatis grosse inciso-serratis incisuris serrulatis basi
petiolatis oblique cuneatis antice subdilatatis, rachi patentim paleacea rarius glabrata.— Forst. Prodr. A.
falcatum, Sw. Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. Endl. Prodr. Flor. Ins. Norf. A. Cunn. Prodr. A. Forste-
rianum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Tarachia polyodon, Prest, Epimel. p. 76.

Var. 8; pinnis inferioribus lobatis, lobis serrulatis.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands; from the Bay of Islands to Akaroa. (Cultivated at Kew.)
B. Port Nicholson, Zyall.

A very common species in all tropical and most south temperate regions, though not found in Tasmania ; it
cannot be confounded with any other New Zealand one.—Fronds coriaceous, lurid green, 13-23 feet long, narrow,
linear-lanceolate, pinnate. Pinne fifteen to twenty-five pair, distant, very numerous, stipitate, narrow lanceolate,
tapering from an obliquely cuneate base to a tapering point, falcate, curved upwards, 2-5 inches long, 3-2 inch
broad, coarsely inciso-serrate or almost lobed, each segment toothed along the outer edge. Rachis with spreading
scaly hairs, rarely quite glabrous. Stipes paleaceous at the base.—In var. 6 the pinne are broader, lobed along
the margin, the lobes serrate.

$ b. Fronds bipinnatifid, bipinnate or decompound, times irregularly divided into many elongated pinnules.
Sori on the backs or margins of the lobes.

5. Asplenium Judbiferum, Forst.; fronde lanceolata flaccida glabra szepius prolifera, pinnis primariis
elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis, rachi marginata v. elata, pinnulis lineari-oblongis stipitatis inciso-lobatis
soris (brevibus) margine remotis v. inciso-pinnatifidis soris marginalibus, lobulis obtusis, rachi glabrata v.
parce paleacea, stipite subcompresso basi nudiusculo.— Forst. Prodr. Schk. Fil. t. 19. A. Rich. Flor.
A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 423.

Var. B. lara ; frondibus sepius pendulis minoribus. A. laxum, Br. Prodr.

Var. y; frondibus pendulis, pinnis inciso-lobatis basi pinnatis, pinnulis obovatis obtuse incisis.

Var. 8. tripinnatum ; fronde erecta ampla, pinnis secundartis pinnatis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis
stipitatis obtuse crenato-lobatis.

Var. e. triste; fronde elongata, pinnis primariis supra medium oblongo-lanceolatis crenatis basin
versus pinnatis, pinnis paucis remotis stipitatis oblongo-ovatis obtusis subcrenatis. A. triste, Raoul, Choix
de Plantes, p. 10.

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant. (Cultivated at Kew.)

The most highly developed form of this Fern is a very beautiful one, and easily recognized by its habit of
bearing germinating bulbs on its pinnules, whence its name; but this character is not always present, and then the
species becomes 4. lawum, Br. The latter, a Tasmanian plant, was distinguished by Mr. Brown from this by not
bearing bulbs; but Mr. Gunn has collected bulbiferous specimens that are identical with the New Zealand ones.
Pendulous specimens of this appear to pass into Æ. flaccidum; and small states with lobed broad pinnules through
A. triste into A. adiantoides. Tt is quite in vain to attempt to limit these species by words.—Fronds 1-3 feet high,
flaccid, glabrous, broadly ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, erect or pendulous, bright green, not so pale and
coriaceous as in A. flaccidum, nor so membranous as in A. adiantoides ; pinnze bi-tripinnate, generally bipinnate.
Pinne 6-10 inches long, with a margined or winged rachis ; pinnules stipitate, linear-obovate or oblong, or broadly

Pilices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 35

ovate, lobed or pinnatifid. Sori short, marginal in pinnatifid fronds; sometimes the fronds are simply pinnate,
and the pinnze lanceolate-lobed or toothed, or pinnate below and lobed above, or sometimes the pinnules are distant
and stalked, or pinnatifidly cut into linear distant lobes, as in 4. Haccidum. Rachis glabrous, or with a few scattered
pales. Stipes generally compressed or angled, sometimes margined, more or less paleaceous at the base.—The
young fronds of this species were formerly an article of food amongst the natives.

6. Asplenium adiantoides, Raoul ; flaccidum, tenerum, frondibus cespitosis brevibus (rarius elongatis)
late ovatis lanceolatisve laxe bipinnatis rarius pinnatis, pinnulis paucis distantibus longe gracile stipitatis
rhombeis lobatis inciso-lobatisve, soris margine remotis, rachibus gracilibus v. filiformibus parce squamosis
glabratisve, stipite basi paleaceo.—Raoul, Choir de Plantes, p. 10. £. 1.

Var. a. Hookeriana 3 Minor, frondibus minoribus pinnatis bipinnatisve.—Nob. in Hook. Ie. Plant.
£& 988. A. Hookerianum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Var. B. Colensoi ; pinnulis approximatis brevius stipitatis late obovatis profunde incisis, segmentis
linearibus integris v. furcatis.—A. Colensoi, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands : Banks’ Peninsula, Raoul, Lyall. Fast Coast and interior, Colenso.
Var. 8. Keri-keri River, 4. Cunningham in Herb. Hook. Tuki-tuki River and Waikare Lake, Colenso.

A very pretty little Fern, much the smallest New Zealand species, and closely allied to the Fuegian 4. Magella-
nicum.—Fronds tufted, with fibrous roots, 2-6 inches long, slender, flaccid, delicate, glabrous, pinnate or bipinnate,
with remote rhomboid pinnules on long slender stalks. Involueres short, remote from the margins.—Dr, Lyall
sends a fragment of a specimen from Banks’ Peninsula upwards of a span long, with a stouter rachis, which bears
scattered hairs; it approaches some states of 4. bulbiferum. _

7. Asplenium Richardi, Hook. fil.; erectum, spithameeum, subcoriaceum, fronde bipinnata ovato-
lanceolata subflaccida, pinnis plurimis breviusculis lineari-oblongis suhacutis infra medium pinnatis versus
apicem profunde pinnatifidis, pinnulis plurimis approximatis brevi et late stipitatis late obovatis pinnati-
fido-lobatis, lobulis obtusis, soris lobulis marginalibus, rachi marginata subsquamosa, stipite sparse squamoso,
rhizomate brevi paleis latis acuminatis tecto.—A. adiantoides, var. Richardi, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 977.

Has. Southern Island : New River, Hb. A. Richard.

This is an exceedingly different-looking plant from any of the above, though, from having only one specimen, I
advance it as new with much hesitation. It resembles some forms of the Cape Aspl. furcatum, more nearly than
any New Zealand species, from all which latter it differs in the close and very finely cut pinna. The var. 8 of 4.
flaccidum can only well be distinguished from it by the very thick leathery texture of its fronds, and larger size and
less cut pinnæ; in other respects it approaches it so closely that I doubt their eventually proving distinct.—Rhizome
very short, with many strong woolly fibres, and erect, membranous, brown, shining scales. Fronds tufted, a span
long, erect, linear-ovate or lanceolate, bipinnate, glabrous, dark green, scarcely membranous. Pinne numerous,
stipitate, linear-oblong, 1 inch long, deeply pinnatifid towards the apex, pinnate below. Pinnules close, 4 inch
long, shortly stipitate, broadly ovate, deeply lobed; lobes blunt, short, with short marginal sori.

8. Asplenium flaccidum, Forst. ; frondibus cæspitosis crasse coriaceis erectis v. pendulis ovatis
oblongis loricatisve rigidis v. flaccidis pinnatis bipinnatis v. laxe dichotome ramosis, ramis pinnisve brevibus
v. valde elongatis remotis v. approximatis simplicibus pinnatifidis pinnatisve, lobis pinnisve varie sectis
ultimis plerisque linearibus obtusis, soris lobulis marginalibus rarius dorsalibus, rachi glabra marginata,
stipite basi paleaceo, rhizomate fibroso squamis latis longe acuminatis aucto.— Forst. Prodr.: © Fi. Antarct,
p.109. C. Novee-Zelandiee, Spr. Syst. Veg. Schh. Crypt. t. 82. A. heterophyllum, 4. Rich. Flor., non
Br. Ccenopteris flaccida, A. Cunn. Flor. Darea flaccida et D. odontites, Willd. Sp. Pi.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, very abundant. (Cultivated at Kew.) Nat. name, ** Pohutukawa,”
Colenso.

36 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Vilices.

Var. a; frondibus pendulis bipinnatifidis, pinnis distantibus elongatis angustatis loricatis parum divisis
profunde lobato-pinnatifidis, lobis angustis obtusis.

Var. 8; frondibus pendulis pinnatis, pinnis subintegris inciso-dentatisve, lobulis linearibus obtusis,
soris lobulis marginalibus. :

Var. y; frondibus erectis pendulisve pinnatis, pinnis anguste falcato-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnati-
fido-lobatis, soris dorsalibus v. parte superiore sori secus lobuli marginem productis.

Var. 8; fronde erecta rigida deltoidea bipinnata, pinnis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis apice pinnatifidis
basi pinnatis, pinnulis breve et crasse stipitatis obtuse lobato-pinnatifidis.

This Fern is very common, and perhaps the most variable in New Zealand, but not so much so in Australia
and Tasmania; it is always of a very thick texture, bright shining green colour, and very flaccid. It passes by many
states into A. bulbiferum, var. laxum, and other varieties of that plant, and it would take many pages to enumerate
half its protean forms. Of these the most conspicuous are,— Var. a, a very common form : fronds numerous, pen-
dulous, sparingly divided into distant, narrow, pinnatifid or lobed thongs, many inches long ; lobes narrow, blunt,
with marginal sori.— Var. 8. Fronds pendulous, flaccid, linear ovate, distantly pinnate; pinne stipitate, very long,
quite entire, crenate or incise.—Var. y. Fronds erect or pendulous, pinnate; pinne falcate, long, narrow, stipitate,
rigid (when dry) ; margins deeply lobed or pinnatifid ; sori on the pinne, but partly produced on to the lobules, hence
their upper part is marginal.—Var. 8. Fronds erect, rigid, deltoid, bipinnate ; pinne ovate or lanceolate ; pinnules
close, ovate, shortly stalked, deeply lobed or pinnatifid.—The above states or varieties are connected by innumerable
intermediate ones; indeed the most opposite characters are sometimes presented by different parts of the same
frond.

§ ALLANTODIA.—Ínvolucre membranous, arched, both margins attached to the vein, hence cylindrical.

9. Asplenium (Allantodia) Brown? J. Sm. ; fronde ampla membranacea. deltoidea flaccida bi-tri-pin-
nata, pinnis lineari-oblongis acutis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis v. acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis,
lobis oblongis obtusis integerrimis crenatis inciso-serratisve, rachibus glaberrimis flexuosis, stipite levi glabro
v. basi subsquamato. Asplenium Brownianum, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. et Bot. Mag. Suppl. v. 12. p. 30. Hook.
Ic. Plant. t. 978. Athyrium australe, Prest, Pterid. p. 98. Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 186. Allantodia australis,
Br. Prodr. A. tenera, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Northern Island, in damp places in woods. Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham, ete. Auckland,
Sinclair.

One of the most delicate and beautiful Ferns in New Zealand; also found in Norfolk Island and in Tasmania,
and very similar to, if not identical with, species from the Malay and Society Islands, East Indies, and South
America.—Fronds very membranous, flaccid, quite glabrous, 2-3 feet high, broadly deltoid, spreading, bi-tri-pinnate.
Primary pinne \inear-oblong, acute or acuminate; secondary (or pinnules) 1-2 inches long, oblong-lanceolate,
shortly. stipitate, pinnatifid or pinnate; segments linear-oblong, blunt, crenate or inciso-serrate, rarely quite entire.
Sori generally numerous, 1-2 lines long, nearer the costa than the margin. Rachis quite glabrous, slender, rather
flexuous. Stipes long, smooth, glabrous, or scaly at the base.—Small specimens of this plant, growing in drier
situations, have narrower fronds, not so membranous, and nearly entire lobes of the pinnules.

Gen. XVI. DOODIA, Br.

Sori lunulati v. lineares, 1-2-seriati, costee paralleli. Involuerum e ramulo anastomosante venæ ortum,
planum, intus liberum.

A small genus of Ferns, natives chiefly of the Tropics and south temperate zone, being found in India, the
Malay and Pacific Islands, and in Australia and Tasmania.—Fronds in D. caudata very harsh, coriaceous, erect,

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 37

3-18 inches long, tufted, linear-lanceolate, pinnate, the apex often dilated or running out into a linear tail. Rachis
glabrous or pubescent. Stipes short. Pinne 5-2 inches long, spreading; upper confluent or adnate by a broad
base, linear-oblong or ovate-oblong, blunt; the lower smaller, shortly stipitate, cordate, truncate, rounded or sub-
dilated at the base, sharply toothed, glabrous or pubescent below; the veins prominent when dry, forked, united
by a transverse branch. Sori short, linear or crescent-shaped, on the back of the pinne, forming one or two
rows parallel to one another on each side of the costa. Imvolucre linear, placed on an arching veinlet that joins
two veins, opening towards the costa. (Named in honour of 8. Doody, an old author on English Crypt. Botany.)

1. Doodia caudata, Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Jot. Flor. t. 25. D.
Kunthiana, Zndl. Prodr. Flor. Ins. Norf. Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 401. t. 14. A. Cunn. Prodr.
D. aspera, Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Abundant on dry hills from the Bay of Islands to Banks’ Peninsula. (Cultivated at Kew.)

I am quite unable to detect such differences amongst the New Zealand specimens of Doodia as would justify
my retaining D. Kunthiana or D. aspera even as varieties of D. caudata, which is far from being a very variable
plant, considering the Natural Order to which it belongs. D. aspera was founded chiefly on the roughness of the
rachis and stipes, which are often smooth in one part and glabrous in another; D. Kunthiana, on the cordate base
of the lower pinnæ.

Gen. XVII. POLYSTICHUM, Schott,

Sori globosi, dorsales, medio venarum venularumque inserti. Involuerum orbiculare, peltatim medio
sori affixum, substipitatum, undique liberum.

A very large genus of Ferns, found in all parts of the globe, and of which the species also are very widely
distributed and variable.— Fronds bi-tri-pinnate, coriaceous, lobed, serrate or spinulose. Sori round, placed on the
middle of the veins, at the back of the pinnules, remote from the margin. Znvolucre orbicular, peltately attached by
a short stalk to the centre of the sorus, its edges free all round. (Name from rovs, many, and OTLXOS, a row; from
the numerous sori.)

1. Polystichum coriaceum, Presl; rhizomate elongato repente squamato, fronde pinnata v. bipinnata
coriacea ovato-oblonga deltoidea, pinnis superioribus pinnatifidis, inferioribus (rarius omnibus) pinnatis,
pinnulis ovato- v. lineari-oblongis stipitatis superioribus crenatis inferioribus pinnatifido-lobatis obtusis
integerrimis crenatisve, rachi squamosa, stipite paleaceo.—Pres/, Pterid. Aspidium, Br. Prodr. Schk. Fil.
é. 50. Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. A, Cunninghamianum, Col. in
Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Haz. Common throughout the Islands. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A common tropical Asiatic and Pacific Island plant; also found in Australia and Tasmania, and in South
America from Brazil to South Chili. It varies a good deal in stature and amount of division of the fronds, number,
distance, and length of the pinnae: the fronds are always extremely coriaceous and pale brown when dry.—2Rhizome
stout, creeping, clothed with large membranous scales. Frond 6-24 inches high, very firm and thick in texture,
ovate, deltoid or oblong-lanceolate, pinnate or bipinnate. Pinmules stalked, ovate or linear-oblong, entire or lobed ;
lobes rounded, quite entire or erenate. Sori large, brown or black. Rachis generally with spreading, scale-like
hairs. Stipes stout, covered with scattered large pales, rarely naked.

2. Polystichum aristatum, Presl; rhizomate brevi, fronde ovato-deltoidea v. lanceolata valde coriacea
glabra pinnata v. bipinnata, pinnis pinnatifidis, pinnulis basi lata adnatis stipitatisve ovato- y. lineari-oblongis
pungentibus argute serratis pinnatifidisve, lobis pungentibus, rachi laxe paleacea, stipite basi squamato.—
Prest, Pterid. Aspidium aristatum, Swartz. A. coriaceum, var. acutidentatum, A. Rich. Flor. (Tas.
LXXVIII.)

VOL. II. L

38 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

Haz. From the Bay of Islands to Banks’ Peninsula; on rocks, ete. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Rhizome short and stout, very different from that of P. coriaceum, from which it further differs chiefly in the

acute pungent lobes of the pinnules.—The species is not so widely distributed as the former, though found in
Norfolk Island, Java, and the Cape of Good Hope.—PrATE LXXVII. Fig. 1-8, upper and under surfaces of pin-
nules from different varieties; 9, involueres :—all magnified.

3. Polystichum hispidum, J. Sm. ; rhizomate repente crasso dense crinito, fronde ovato-deltoidea tri-
quadripinnata, pinnulis lineari-oblongis acutis inciso-pinnatifidis, lobulis pungentibus integerrimis bis-ter-
dentatisve, soris parvis, stipite rachique pilis longis rigidis patentibus hispido v. crinito.—J. Sm. Gen.,
Ferns, p. 83. P. Schkuhrii, Presl, Pterid. Aspidium, Swartz. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. A.

setosum, Schk. Fil. t. 49.
Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A very beautiful Fern, found only in New Zealand, remarkable for its very finely cut fronds, and the long stiff
black spreading hairs on the rachis and stipes.—Frond 1-3 feet high, tri-quadri-pinnate, rather coriaceous; primary
pinnæ linear-oblong, acuminate: secondary the same shape, shortly stipitate, pinnatifid or again pinnate. Pinnules
1 inch long, pinnatifid to beyond the middle; lobes ascending, linear, sharp, entire, or with a few sharp teeth.
Rachis and stipes chesnut-brown. Rhizome very stout, creeping,

Sori very small, near the junction of the lobes.
ales.—The involucre is sometimes obliquely peltate, and

densely covered with long, rigid, subulate, often curved sc
this plant is hence intermediate between Polystichum and Nephrodium.

4. Polystichum vestitum, Presl; frondibus coriaceis bipinnatis (nunc apud proliferis), pinnis lineari-
lanceolatis, pinnulis brevi stipitatis oblique ovato-oblongis glabris mucronatis integris crenatis v. argute
inciso-dentatis inferioribus nunc basi pinnatifidis, lobulo antico dilatato, stipite rachique villoso paleisque
latis castaneis deciduis onusto, rhizomate et basi stipitis squamis magnis densissime tectis.—Pres/, Pterid.
Aspidium vestitum, Willd. Sp. Pl. Schkuhr, Fil.t.43. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. A. proliferum,
Br. Prodr. A. pulcherrimum e¢ A. Waikarense, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. A. venustum, Homb. et
Jacq. Voy. au Pöle Sud, t. 5. Fl. Autarct. p. 107. A. coriaceum 8, Banks et Sol. MSS. An Polytrichum
aculeatum, Roth. :

Haz. Mountainous parts of the Northern, and throughout the Middle and Southern Islands; common
in woods, etc., Banks and Solander, Colenso, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

This handsome Fern is as variable and as likely to give rise to many discussions, as its equally and similarly
variable and very near ally P. aculeatum has done in England. It is found commonly in Australia and Tasmania, extra-
tropical South America, in many of the Indian Islands, and as far south as Lord Auckland’s Group and M’Quarrie’s
Island. Mr. Brown's 4. proliferum, founded on a Tasmanian proliferous plant, supposed both by Mr. Brown and
myself (see ‘Flora Antarctica’) to want broad scales, is the same as this; for Mr. Gunn has sent specimens of it

equally possessing the scales in a young state, and the P. vestitum is often proliferous in New Zealand. In Lord
Auckland’s Group it becomes subarboreous, having a stout caudex 2—4 feet high.—Pronds very numerous, spread-
ing like a crown from a stout rhizome, 1-3 feet high, rigid, coriaceous, linear or ovate-oblong, bipinnate. Pinne

Pinnules numerous, ovate, oblong, pungent, entire, sharply toothed or almost pinna-

linear-lanceolate, acuminate.
o a short broad blunt auricle.

tifid; the lobes often pungent, shortly stipitate ; the lower outer margin produced int
Rachis woolly, and as well as the stipes covered with large, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous scales, that
are often lacerated, and are deep brown; those at the base of the stipes of large specimens have a white margin,

and are very densely set, an inch long, and curved.

Gen. XVIII. NEPHRODIUM, Br.

Sori globosi, dorsales, medio v. ad apicem venularum inserti. Involucrum reniforme, sinu affixum.

Filices.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 39

A large genus of Ferns, natives of both hot and cold climates, chiefly distinguished from Polystichum by the
involucre being reniform and attached by the sinus, and not orbicular or peltately attached. (Name from vedpos, a
kidney; in allusion to the form of the involucre.)

1. Nephrodium decompositum, Br.; frondibus glabris puberulis vel pubescentibus ovatis v. deltoideis
bi-tri-quadripinnatis membranaceis, pinnulis decurrenti-coadunatis ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis inciso-lo-
batis pinnatifidisve, lobulis dentatis acutis obtusisve, rachibus tenuiter marginatis, stipite gracili basi nudo.
—JBr. Prodr.

Var. a. glabellum ; frondibus glabratis glaberrimisve.—N. glabellum, 4. Cunn. Prodr. (Tas. LXXIX.)

Var. B. pubescens; frondibus pubescentibus velutinisve.

Has. Throughout the Northern and Middle Islands, abundant as far south as Banks’ Peninsula.
(Cultivated at Kew.)

A common and very variable plant, found also in Australia and Tasmania.—Frond a span to 3 feet high,
ovate, lanceolate, broadly ovate, or deltoid, sometimes pentagonous from the first division of the lowest branch being
elongated, tri-quadri-pinnate, rarely pinnate, or bipinnate only, quite smooth, or more or less downy, sometimes
covered with resinous glandular points. Pinne often elongate and even caudate, especially in Tasmania. Pinnules
small, decurrent, oblong or ovato-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobed or toothed, divisions very sharp or blunt. Sori small,
numerous, placed on the middle of a venule. Znvolucre glabrous or hairy. Rachis with a very narrow wing or
margin, or naked, smooth or pubescent, as is the stipes, which is slender, and bears at the curved base a few short
chaffy scales.—PrATE LXXIX. Fig. 1, 2, under surfaces of pinnules with sori :—both magnified.

2. Nephrodium velutinum, Wook. fil.; frondibus membranaceis pubescentibus rufo-velutinisve punctis
resinosis seepius conspersis deltoideis bi-quadripinnatis, pinnulis decurrenti-coadunatis lineari-oblongis
obtuse pinnatifido-lobatis, lobulis integerrimis crenatisve obtusis, indusiis reniformibus v. nullis pubescen-
tibus pilosis glandulis stipitatis seepius marginatis, rachi nuda, stipite elongato basi curvo paleis membra-
naceis elongatis laxe tecto.—Aspidium velutinum, A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. A. pentangularum,
Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Tas. LXXX.)

Has. Throughout the Islands; frequent in woods.

I have the greatest difficulty in distinguishing many states of N. decompositum from this, nor do I know how
the line is to be drawn between that species and many forms of this. The present is, in New Zealand, usually a
much larger plant, much more universally pubescent and generally covered with a red-brown tomentum; it is more
generally tri- or quadri-pinnate, with broader, never sharply-toothed pinnules, and has fimbriate involucres, the
edges of which are furnished with obovate club-shaped golden-yellow glands or cells, full of resinous fluid; some-
times however the indusia are wholly absent, and at other times they are reduced to a small scale that is found
with difficulty. The scales on the base of the stipes are much longer, more flaccid and membranous in this plant,
than in N. decompositum. I have examined a very pubescent specimen of N. decompositum from Brisbane river, New
Holland, with broad pinnules, which I should be inclined to refer to this, but the base of the stipes is wanting.—
Prate LXXX. Fig. 1, 2, 3, under surfaces of pinnules; 4, involucres and capsules :—all magnified.

3. Nephrodium squamulosum, Hook. fil.; fronde glaberrima lanceolata pinnata, pinnis profunde pin-
natifidis lineari-oblongis obtusis integerrimis venis furcatis, soris ad angulum venularam v. medio venule
simplicis insertis, rachi squamulis bullatis sparsis ornata stipiteque glaberrima.—Polypodium invisum, Forst.
Prodr.? Aspidium squamulosum, Kau/f. in Sieber, Col. Fil. v. 1. n. 2. Lastrea, Presl, Pterid. Aspidium
Thelypteris, var. squamigerum, Schlecht. Adumb. p. 23. t. xi.

Has. Northern Island, Forster. Bay of Islands and East Coast, Colenso.

This is a South African species, and so closely allied to the English N. ¿helypteris, that I can find no character
whereby to distinguish them, except the scattered, deciduous, bullate scales on the young fronds of this. I am far

40 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Filices.

from satisfied as to its being the P. invisum of Forster, a plant which appears from his Prodromus to be a native of
New Zealand, but which has been omitted from every succeeding enumeration. Swartz describes P. invisum as a
native of Jamaica, and Schkuhr quotes both this and New Zealand as its habitats.—Fronds a span to 18 inches tall,
rising from the top of a prostrate woody rhizome, quite glabrous, lanceolate, pinnate. Pinne distant, sessile, 1-14
inch long, acute, deeply pinnatifid ; pinnules close, 4 inch long, linear-oblong, blunt, quite entire; veins forked, the
upper simple. Sori small, placed at the fork of the lower veins, or at the middle of the upper (as in N. thelypteris).
Rachis and stipes perfectly glabrous and shining, when young covered with scattered, membranous, turgid scales.

Norn. Aspidium Serra, Sw. et Willd., a very common tropical Fern, is quoted as a native of New Zealand,
on Forster’s authority. I find no New Zealand specimens of it in Forster’s Herb. (Mus. Brit.), and am very doubtful
whether the 4. Serra of the Prodromus be the plant of Swartz and Willdenow. It is introduced in M. Raoul’s
catalogue as a native of Akaroa.

Aspidium pennigerum, Swartz, is another plant probably erroneously included in the New Zealand Flora,
on the supposition that it is the Polypodium pennigerum, Forster, Prodr. The latter is, however, a very different
plant, now placed in the genus Goniopteris, and Swartz cites Forster as authority for its being a native of New
Zealand, and describes it as having an involucre, but quotes Schkuhr’s plate, which represents an authentic
specimen of Forster’s that has no involucre. Sprengel gets over the difficulty by describing the Goniopteris, and
adding that the involucres are caducous.

Nephrodium molle, Br. Prodr.—This is the Polypodium molle, Forster, said to be from New Zealand; but Forster’s
specimens (Hb. Brit. Mus.) are not so marked, and, though an extremely common tropical and subtropical Fern, 1
have seen no specimens from these Islands.

Sub-tribe B.—Sorus naked, neither covered by an involucre, nor by the inflexed margin of the frond.
Gen. XIX. to XXVIII.

Gen. XIX. GONIOPTERIS, Prest.

Sori globosi, dorsales, nudi, medio venularum inserti. eme simplices, inferiores in arcum anasto-
mosantes.

The only species found in New Zealand is a very tall, handsome, glabrous, pinnate Fern, 2-3 feet high, with
membranous, linear, acuminate or caudate, pinnatifid (to the middle) pinne a span or upwards long, and $ inch
broad: lobes or pinnules short, blunt, quite entire.—Veiniets in each pinnule free, the lower mecting those of the
next pinnule at an angle. Sori numerous, without an involucre, placed on the middle of each veinlet, rather nearer
the costa than the margin. Rachis and stipes quite glabrous, smooth and shining, thick but soft, sometimes palea-
ceous at the base; old specimens acquire a stout, erect, woody caudex, 6-8 inches high, covered with the bases of
the old stipes.—This species is found in New Zealand only, others occur in various parts of the Tropics. (Name
from yovv, an angle; in allusion to the arched veins.)

1. Goniopteris pennigera, J. Sm.; glaberrima, fronde lanceolata pinnata membranacea, pinnis lineari-
elongatis acuminatis caudatisve ad medium pinnatifidis, pinnulis obtusis integerrimis, soris versus costam in-
sertis, rachi stipiteque crassiuscula glaberrima nitida.—J. Sm. Gen. Ferns, p. 18. Aspidium; A. Rich. Flor.
A. Cunn. Prodr. Polypodium, Forst. Prodr. Schk. Fil. t. 22.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: in shady places, as far south as Akaroa, common. Nat. name,
* Piu piu” (trembling), Colenso. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Gen. XX. POLYPODIUM, Prest.

Sori globosi, dorsales, nudi, medio venularum inserti. Vene furcate, nunquam anastomosantes.—

Frons pinnatifida v. bi-tripinnata.

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 41

An extensive genus, principally of temperate and tropical Ferns, which may be readily characterized by having
round naked sori, placed on the middle of forked free veinlets. Goniopteris differs from it in having the lower
veinlets united. One of the New Zealand species (P. rugulosum) appears to me to pass into Hypolepis tenuifolia, the
sori sometimes approaching the margin of the lobes, and the latter becoming more or less recurved. The second
species is very closely related to Polystichum vestitum, and removed from the neighbourhood of that species solely
on account of the artificial character of wanting an involucre. The third species differs totally in habit and ap-
pearance from either of the above. (Name from zoAvs, many, and rovs, a foot; in allusion to the habit of some
Fern to which the name was applied by the ancients.)

1. Polypodium rugulosum, Lab. ; rhizomate repente, fronde viscido-puberula v. glandulosa bi-quadri-
pinnata ovato- v. deltoideo-lanceolata, pinnis lanceolatis acuminatis submembranaceis coriaceisve, pinnulis
lineari-oblongis obtusis profunde pinnatifidis, lobis obtusis crenatis, stipite rachique castaneis (rarius pallidis)
scaberulis hispidulis asperisve.—Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 9. 2. 92. 1.241. Br. Prodr. P. viscidum, Spreng.
Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 61. Flor. Antarct. p. 110. P. villoso-viscidum, Petit-Thouars, Fl. Trist. @ Acun. P.
viscosum, Roxb. in Pritchard, Catalogue of St. Helena Plants. P.viscidum, Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ.
Cheilanthes ambigua, 4. Rich. Flor.? C. viscosa, Carm. FI. Trist. d? Acun., in Linn. Soc. Trans. v. 12. p. 511.

Has. Throughout the Islands ; common. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Whole plant more or less covered with rufous glandular pubescence ; a span to 8 feet high. Frond bi-tri-quadri-
pinnate, broadly deltoid or ovate-lanceolate, more or less membranous, rarely coriaceous. Pinne very variable in
length, lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules adnate by a broad base, linear-oblong, blunt, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes entire
or crenate, blunt. Sori on the middle of a veinlet. Stipes and rachis generally dark brown, slender, scabrid, some-
times muricated, often hispid with scattered hairs, rarely glabrous. Rhizome rigid, woody, creeping, scaly and
hispid, sending up distant fronds.—I have found it quite impossible to give any characters to the numerous varieties
of this very common plant: besides being found throughout New Zealand, it inhabits Norfolk Island, ‘Tasmania,
and Australia, Auckland and Campbell's Islands, Chili and Fuegia, Juan Fernandez, St. Helena, and Tristan
d’Acunha. A very similar (if not the same) plant inhabits the West Indies, Java, and the British East Indies.

2. Polypodium sylvaticum, Col.; frondibus coriaceis bipinnatis oblongo- v. elongato-lanceolatis, pinnis
lineari-lanceolatis, pinnulis lineari- y. ovato-oblongis breve stipitatis basi cuneatis grosse pinnatifido-lobatis,
lobulis argute spinuloso-dentatis, costis nervisque laxe villosis, rachibus stipiteque molliter villosis lana.
tisve paleisque latis deciduis castaneis pallide marginatis onustis.—Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Tas.
LXXXI.)

Has. Northern Island; mountainous woods, east coast and interior: Tolaga Bay, etc., Colenso.
Port Nicholson, Lyall.

This approaches so closely to Polystichum vestitum, that the absence of any involucre is the only striking tech-
nical character whereby it can be distinguished. The nature of the more or less copious, villous, soft, pale-brown
hairs on the stipes, rachis, costa, and nerves, and of the large deciduous paleze, is precisely the same in both; and
they further entirely agree in the growth, form, division, and lobing of the frond, its coriaceous texture, colour, and
in the position of the sori; in Polypodium sylvaticum, however, the pinnules are more stipitate, longer and narrower,
In some small mountain specimens the villous hairs are very few, and the palez of a very pale colour, and membra-
nous.—Piate LXXXI. Fig. 1, 2, pinnules ; 3, portion of pinnules, showing the position of the sori; 4, capsules ;
5, spores :—all magnified.

3. Polypodium Grammitidis, Br.; fronde glaberrima lineari v. lineari-oblonga profunde decursivo-
pinnatifida, pinnis linearibus integris lobato-dentatis v. rarius pinnatifidis, lobis interdum elongatis cau-
datisve, soris globosis oblongisve.—Br. Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr. Fl. Antarct. p.111. Grammitis hetero-
phylla, Lab. Flor. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 90. 1. 239. Xiphopteris heterophylla, Spreng. Syst. Veg.

VOL. II. M

42 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

Has. Abundant on trunks of trees (rarely on wet rocks) throughout the Islands.

Polypodium Grammitidis is also found in Lord Auckland and Campbell's Island, Tasmania, and in Java ?—Loots
fibrous. Fronds an inch to a span long, tufted, linear-oblong, ovate or lanceolate, coriaceous, opaque, scaly at the
very base of the stipes, perfectly glabrous elsewhere, deeply pinnatifid. Pinnules somewhat distant, linear, blunt,
decurrent, quite entire, or lobed, or subpinnatifid, often irregularly with one or two lobes lengthened or running

out into a tail. Sori round or oblong. Rachis and short stipes winged nearly to the base.—Dwarf states have

small linear lobed fronds.

Norr. Nephrodium velutinum, from sometimes wanting an involucre, may be sought for in this genus.

Gen. XXI. PHYMATODES, Presl.

Sori in sp. Nov. Zeland. uniseriales, plus minusve fossa frondis immersi, globosi v. oblongi, nudi.

Vene furcatæ, omnes anastomosantes, areolis subhexagonis; venulis paucis, areolis liberis.—Rhizoma 7e-

pens, squamosum. Frondes coriacee, simplices v. pinnatifide. Stipes basi articulatus.

A very abundant tropical genus of Ferns, generally growing on trunks of trees, distinguished by the naked

(large) sori partly sunk in a pit of the frond, and the anastomosing veins. One of the New Zealand species is ex-
The fronds are coriaceous, simple or pinnatifid, perfectly glabrous, rising from a

tremely abundant and variable.
base of the articulated frond.)

stout, creeping rhizome. (Name from puja, a swelling ; in allusion to the thickened

1. Phymatodes Billardieri, Presl; frondibus coriaceis glaberrimis integris pinnatifidisque, pinnis
remotis approximatisve anguste linearibus v. late oblongis margine incrassatis, soris subsaccatis solitariis,
rhizomate glaucescente crasso subsquamoso.—Pres!, Pterid. Fl. Antarct. Polypodium, Br. Brodr. Endt.
Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Cunn. Prodr. P. scandens, Lab. FI. Nov. Holl. v. 2. p. 91. £. 240 (non Forst.).
P, Phymatodes, 4. Rich. Flor.

Haz. Throughout the Islands; abundant on rocks and trunks of trees. (Cultivated at Kew.)

A very common and variable plant, also found in Lord Auckland’s Island, Tasmania, Australia, and probably

ome widely diffused species of other parts of the world.—Rhizome stout, creeping, generally quite

the same as s
Fronds numerous, 3 inches to 13

glaucous, partially scaly ; sometimes thickly covered with membranous pales.
shining, with a thickened margin; some entire, lanceolate, acute, others

foot long, coriaceous, perfectly smooth,
margins thickened, blunt or

broader and pinnatifid; pinnules close or distant, narrow-linear or broadly oblong ;
acute. Sori numerous, large, globose or oblong, partially sunk in the frond. Costa very stout and prominent.
Stipes stout, scarcely winged above, obscurely jointed on to the rhizome.

2. Phymatodes pustulata, Presl ; frondibus membranaceis glaberrimis aliis anguste lineari-lanceolatis
integris aliis lanceolatis profunde decursivo-pinnatifidis, pinnis linearibus apice angustatis obtusis, soris vix
saccatis globosis prominulis, rhizomate paleis squarrosis membranaceis obtecto, stipite superne alato v.
marginato.— Pres/, Pterid. Polypodium pustulatum, Forst. Prodr. Br. Prodr. Schk. Fil. t.10. P. acrosti-
choides, Forst. Prodr. ? A. Rich. Flor,

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Akaroa; climbing lofty trees. (Cultivated at
Kew.)
Very similar to P. Billardiert in size, habit, and general appearance, but of a membranous texture, with generally
narrower fronds and pinnules, prominent sori, much longer, more flaccid (not glaucous) rhizomes, covered with
squarrose pales, and more slender, margined or winged stipes. The whole plant is fragrant, and used by the
natives to scent their oil and food. It is found in Norfolk Island and East Australia.

Gen. XXII. DICTYMIA, J. Sm.

Sori uniseriales, subsaccati v. superficiales, nudi, globosi v. oblongi. ene anastomosantes, interne ;

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 43

venulee libere nulle. Capsule pilis articulatis immixtee.—Rhizoma validum, repens v. brevissimum. Frondes
simplices, rhizomate elongato, repente, distantes, v. rhizomate brevissimo, c@spilos@.

The simple coriaceous fronds, with internal anastomosing veins, that cannot be seen without maceration and
dissection, together with the large, naked, superficial sori, and the capsules mixed with jointed hairs, distinguish D.
lanceolata from its New Zealand allies.—Rhizome very short, covered with broad, imbricate, membranous paleze ;
roots brown or black, woolly. Fronds perfectly glabrous, tufted, 2-12 inches long, lanceolate, acuminate, nar-
rowed gradually into a short margined stipes, 4—4 inch broad. Sori large, globose, in one series on each side of
and near the costa. Receptacle sunk in a pit of the frond.— There is a specimen of this plant in Hook. Herb., marked
as coming from the Blue Mountains of Australia, but I consider this habitat doubtful. (Name from duxrvov, a net-
work ; in allusion to the reticulated veins.)

1. Dictymia lanceolata, J. Sm.; fronde simplici coriacea glaberrima lanceolata acuminata in stipitem
brevem gradatim angustata, rhizomate brevissimo squamoso.—J. Smith in Bot. Mag. v. 12. Suppl. p. 16.
Dictyopteris lanceolata, J. Smith, Genera of Ferns in Hook. Bot. Journ. v. 4. p. 64. D. attenuata, Hook.
et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 71 B. Polypodium attenuatum, A. Rich. Flor.; A. Cunn. Prodr. ; Hook. Ie. Plant.
2.409; sed non P. attenuatum, Brown.

Haz. Throughout the Northern Island; on trunks of trees, but not common. Akaroa, Raoul.

Gen. XXIII. ARTHROPTERIS, J. Sm. MSS.

Sor? uniseriales, dorsales, globosi, (in sp. Nov. Zel. nudi,) superficiales, venulis terminales. Vene fur-
cate, libere ; venules apice incrassatee, marginem non attingentes.—Rhizoma repens, squamosum. Frondes
alterne, pinnate. — Pinnee rachi articulate. Stipes basi articulatus.

I have adopted this genus from the manuscripts of Mr. Smith, who has kindly given me its characters, and
adds that its congeners are the Australian Nephrodium obliteratum, Br. Prodr., and Nephrolepis trichomanoides, J.
Sm.,a Luzon Fern. The two latter Ferns have involucres, but in all other respects are considered by Mr. Smith
to differ from the genera in which they have been placed, and to form a truly natural genus with the New Zealand
A. tenella, The latter cannot be associated naturally with any other species of Polypodium.— A. perfectly glabrous,
climbing, pinnate Fern, found also in Eastern Australia. —Rhizome very long, slender, rigid, wiry, scaly. Fronds
scattered, pendulous, jointed above the base, 1-2 feet long, lanceolate, pinnate. Pinne membranous, alternate,
distant, 2-3 inches long, linear-lanceolate (sometimes forked), narrowed to a blunt point, obliquely cuneate at the
base, jointed on to the rachis; margin sinuate; costa slender; veins once or twice forked, oblique, all free; veinlets
terminating in a swollen point within the margin. Sori globose, in one series on each side the costa, near the
margin, each placed at the apex of a veinlet. (Name from ap6pos, a joint, and repıs, a fern; from the articulate
pinnules and stipes.)

1. Arthropteris Zenella, J. Sm.; frondibus glaberrimis pendulis lineari-lanceolatis pinnatis, pinnis mem-
branaceis alternis lineari-lanceolatis in apicem obtusum angustatis margine sinuatis basi oblique rotun-
dato-cuneatis brevissime stipitatis, soris nudis submarginalibus.—J. Sm. MSS. Polypodium tenellum,
Forst. Prodr. Brown, Prodr. Schk. Fil. t. 16. Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Cunn. Prodr. P.

marattioides, Kaulf. (fid. Presl). (Tas. LXXXII.)
Has. Throughout the Northern Island; common, climbing lofty trees.

Prate LXXXII. Fig. 1, pinna; 2, portion of the same with sori; 3, capsules :—all magnified.

Gen. XXIV. NIPHOBOLUS, Kauf.

Sori multiseriales, dorsales, globosi, nudi, per pubem stellatam protrusi, ad apices venularum liberarum

44 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Filices.

siti. Vene parallele, venulis transversis anastomosantes.—Rhizoma repens. Frondes sepe biformes, pube
stellata obtecte, simplices.

A very common tropical genus, with undivided leathery fronds, which are often dissimilar, the fertile being
longest and narrowest. The New Zealand species may be readily known by its simple fronds being densely covered on
the under surface with white or buff-coloured tomentum, which the microscope shows to be composed of 6—10-rayed
stars, placed horizontally on the top of a jointed stalk. It is found in Australia and the Pacific Islands. —Rhizome
creeping, scaly, slender. Fronds scattered, erect, stipitate, barren, obovate or spathulate, blunt, 13-3 inches long;
fertile linear-lanceolate, or linear, twice as long as the barren. Veins buried in the substance of the frond, pa-
rallel, united by transverse venules, Sori numerous, chiefly on the upper part of the frond, irregularly placed in
several series, large, protruded through the tomentum, each placed at the end of a free venule, which leaves the
transverse branches. Stipes scaly at the very base. (Name from vipoBoros, covered with snow; in allusion to the
copious white scales.)

1. Niphobolus rupestris, Spreng.; frondibus coriaceis subtus densissime tomentosis stipitatis erectis
sterilibus obovatis spathulatisve obtusis, fertilibus duplo longioribus linearibus obovato-lanceolatis, soris
bi-multiseriatis, stipite basi squamoso.—Spreng. Syst. Veg. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 93. A. Cunn. Prodr.
N. bicolor, Spreng. Syst. Veg. Hook. et Grev. l. c. t. 44. A. Cunn. Prodr. N. serpens, Endl. Prodr.
Fl. Ins. Norf. Presl, Epimel. p. 129. N. glaber, Kaulf. Polypodium rupestre, Br. Prodr. P. ser-
pens, Forst. Prodr. P. stellatum, A. Rich. Flor. P. eleagnifolium, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. p. 259.
fall

Haz. Abundant on rocks and trees throughout the Islands.

Oss. Niphobolus glaber, Kaulf. (Polypodium acrostichoides, Forster) is quoted by Richard, with doubt, as a
native of New Zealand, from an examination of a plant without fructification, gathered by Captain D’Urville; his
description may be taken from a barren specimen of Phymatodes pustulata.

Gen. XXV. GRAMMITIS, Sw.

Sori medio venule affixi, oblongi v. lineares, uniseriales (in Sp. Nov. Zeland.) coste obliqui, nudi.
Vene simplices v. furcatee, immerse, libere.—Rhizoma repens, squamosum, breve v. elongatum. Frondes
cespitose, coriacee ; venis immersis imconspicuts.

A small genus of Ferns, of which the New Zealand species is very variable, and found in Tasmania, Australia,
Lord Auckland and Campbell’s Islands, Fuegia, Lima in Peru, the Sandwich and Falkland Islands, and Tristan
d’Acunha.—Rhizome creeping, often short, scaly. Fronds densely crowded, + inch to a foot long, quite glabrous,
rarely pubescent, sometimes pilose or ciliated, erect, very coriaceous, linear-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, blunt,
or narrowed at the point, quite entire, narrowed into a short winged or margined stipes. Sort oblong or linear,
oblique, in one series on each side the obscure costa, in small varieties becoming confluent into a mass. Veins
wholly immersed, forked, free. (Name from ypoppy, a line ; in allusion to the linear sorus.)

1. Grammitis Australis, Br. ; rhizomate repente squamoso, frondibus dense ceespitosis erectis linearibus
lineari- v. obovato-lanceolatis integerrimis obtusis subacutisve glaberrimis rarius ciliatis hirsutis pilosisve
basi in stipitem brevem angustatis, soris linearibus oblongisve (exemplaribus parvis confluentibus).—Br.
Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr. Flor. Antarct. p. 111. G. Billardieri, Willd. Sp. Plant. G. ciliata, Col. in
Tasm. Phil. Journ. G. scolopendrina, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. p. 25T. t. 30. f. 1. A, Rich. Flor.

Var. 8. villosa ; frondibus pubescentibus hirsutisve.

Has. Throughout the Islands; abundant.

This is an extremely variable Fern, often ciliated with caducous hairs, especially on the stipes. Alpine spe-
cimens form dense moss-like patches of small, obovate, coriaceous, blunt fronds à inch high, with confluent sori

Púlices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 45

towards the apex. In dry rocky places again it assumes the form of a very harrow, rigid, wiry frond. The scales
on the rhizome also vary extremely in length and colour.

Gen. XXVI. GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv.

Sori nudi, lineares, dorso venarum venularumque siti, demum confluentes. Pene furcatee, liberee.—

Rhizoma drevissimum v. nullum. Frondes cespitose, pinnate v. bi-tripinnate.

Principally tropical Ferns, with (rarely simple) pinnate, bi-tri-pinnate, tufted fronds, having no rhizome or a very
short one.—Sort naked, linear, occupying the veins and venules, hence often running in lines and forking ; also
covering the spaces between the veins and then becoming confluent. (Name from vvpvos, naked, and pau, a
line; in allusion to the linear sorus, which has no indusium.)

l. Gymnogramma rutafolia, Dr. ; frondibus ceespitosis erectis pinnatis villosis, pinnis alternis remotis
cuneatis flabellatisve inciso-crenatis lobatis dentatisve.— Hook. et Grev. lc. Fil. 1. 90. Hook. Ic. Plant.
é 935. G. hispanica, Cosson, in Ann. Se. Nat. et Notice sur Plantes rares du Midi de Y Espagne. Gram-
mitis, Br. Prodr. Gymnogramma subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev. Ie. Fil. t. 9. Pleurosorus rutefolius e£
P. cuneatus, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 180.

Has. Northern Island; East Coast, Colenso.

This little plant is abundant in extra-tropical Australia and Tasmania, and has also been gathered in the
Pyrenees; but I know of no other countries which it inhabits.— Fronds densely tufted, 3-5 inches long, villous,
often glandular, pinnate; roots of numerous tufted fibres. Pinne 2-5 lines long, alternate, distant, shortly stipitate,
cuneate or flabellate, more or less incised or lobed, rarely quite entire. Sori linear, scattered, often confluent.

2. Gymnogramma leptophylla, Desv. ; tenella, glaberrima, fragilis, frondibus cespitosis oblongo-lanceo-
latis bi-tripinnatifidis, pinnis membranaceis obovato-cuneatis bi-trifidis lobatisve, lobis obtusis, costa flex-
uosa, rachi marginata inferne nuda stipiteque nitida antice sulcata, soris confluentibus.— Desv. Journ. Bot.
Hook. et Grev. Te. Fil. t. 25. Grammitis, Swartz, Syn. Fil. G. Novee-Zelandiz, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Haz. Dry hills on the East Coast, Colenso, Sinclair. (Cultivated at Kew.)

This beautiful little Fern is remarkable for its wide geographical distribution in the northern hemisphere ; it
inhabits Jersey, the Mediterranean shores and the Atlantic islands, Abyssinia, Mexico, and the Himalaya mountains.
In the southern, besides New Zealand, it grows in Tasmania, East and West Australia, and the Cape of Good
Hope.—Fronds an inch to a span high, perfectly glabrous, membranous and shining, pale green, oblong lanceolate,
bi-tri-pinnatifid. Pinnules 2-4 lines long, obovate-cuneate, twice or thrice lobed or crenate, the lobes blunt.
Partial rachis winged. “Stipes and main rachis usually red-brown, brittle, shining, grooved in front,

Gen. XXVII. NOTHOLANA, Br.

Sorus linearis, continuus v. interruptus, marginatus, nudus v. sub margine pinnule inflexo nidulans.—
Vene libere, pinnate v. furcate.—Rhizoma brevissimum. Vrondes erecta, rigide, caspitose, plerumque
Jarinose, squamose v. tomentose, pinnate v. bi-tri-pinnate.

A tropical and subtropical genus, of which the only New Zealand species is also a native of Australia and New
Caledonia. This very closely resembles Cheilanthes tenuifolia, but may be readily distinguished by its scaly and
tomentose frond, and by the confluent sori not being covered by any special involucre.—Pronds of N. distans
densely tufted, arising from a very short rhizome, 3-10 inches high, rigid, wiry, erect, scaly with long pale scales,
linear, bipinnate, or pinnate, with the pinnze pinnatifid. Primary pinne distant, deltoid, shortly stipitate, hirsute
below with pale shaggy scales, pubescent or naked above; pinnules short, oblong. Rachis and slender stipes

VOL. II. N

46 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Filices.

grooved, setose with soft scale-like hairs. Roots fibrous, densely matted. (Name from vodos, spurious, and lena
(xAawa), a cloak ; from the false involucre formed of the margin of the frond.)

1. Notholena distans, Br.; frondibus squamoso-hirsutis dense cespitosis rigidis pinnatis, pinnis
brevibus distantibus oppositis deltoideis breve stipitatis lobatis pinnatifidisve, pinnulis oblongis.—-Br. Prodr.
Lab. Sert. Aust. Caled. v. 5. t. 8. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 980.

Haz. Northern Island, on exposed basalt rocks: Bay of Islands, East Coast, Cape Kidnapper, etc.,
Colenso, Sinclair, etc. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Gen. XXVIII. STENOCHLANA, J. Sm.

Prondes biformes. Sorus superficialis, continuus, paginam. totam frondis fertilis contractee obtegens,
nudus v. margine frondis tenuiter recurvo obtectus. Vena simplices v. furcate ; venulis parallelis, mar-
ginem pinne attingentibus.— Rhizoma alte scandens. Frondes alterna, pinnate, nunc polymorpha, stipite
cum rachi continuo. Pinnee breviter stipitate, rachi articulate, steriles serrulate ; fertiles contracte, sepius
lineares v. filiformes.

A remarkable genus, chiefly of tropical scandent Ferns : the species resemble Lomaria in fructification, but
have no true involucre. Several species, and the New Zealand one especially, bear fronds of very different forms
on different parts of the same plant. L. heteromorpha climbs lofty trees by means of a stout woody rhizome, as
thick as the finger, and covered with squarrose chaffy hairs.— Fonds pendulous, 6 inches to 9 feet long, alternate,
pinnate, not jointed on to the rhizome. Pinne, in many pairs, jointed on the rachis, in young plants and the lower
parts of old ones oblong or rounded, blunt, deeply and coarsely crenate or serrate, 3 lines to an inch long, mem-
branous, rounded at the base, stipitate ; upper fronds linear-lanceolate, pinnse glabrous, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate,
falcate, 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, finely crenulate or serrate, tapered from the base to a long serrate point,
truncate or cordate, obscurely auricled at the base, shortly stipitate ; lowermost pinnæ smaller, often orbicular,
truncate at the base. Costa stout; veins forked, free, parallel. Stipes rigid, often paleaceous, deeply grooved on the
upper surface. Fertile pinne on separate fronds, or on the upper part of barren ones, filiform. (Name from orevos,
narrow, and xXowa, a cloak ; from the narrow, spurious involucre.)

1. Stenochleena Aeferomorpha, J. Sm.; frondibus pinnatis, pinnis stipitatis junioribus parvis mem-
branaceis oblongis rotundatisve grosse crenato-serratis, senioribus coriaceis e basi truncata cordata subauri-
culata elongato-lanceolatis gradatim in apicem longe acuminatum angustatis serrulatis, pinnis fertilibus
filiformibus, stipite paleaceo v. glabrato, rhizomate valido alte scandente paleis squarrosis subhirsuto.
—J. Sm. in Hook. Bot. Journ. v. 4. p.149. Lomaria filiformis e L. propinqua, 4. Cunn. Prodr. L. pim-
pinellzefolia, Nob. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 3. p. 419. Osmunda reptans, Banks et Sol. MSS.—
Variat pinnulis apice basique proliferis lobatis.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Banks’ Peninsula. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Tribe V. Scutzmux.—Sort arranged in imbricated spikes, or on resupinate divisions of the frond.
Capsules sessile, striated at the apex (the horizontal ring being terminal), Gen. XXIX, XXX.

Gen. XXIX. LYGODIUM, $».

Indusia biseriata, in spiculas dorso frondis mutate adnatas imbricata, superne libera. Sporangia
quovis indusio solitaria, sessilia, ovoidea, resupinata, reticulata, apice striata, latere inserta.— Frondes
glaberrime, alte scandentes. Pinne conjugate, divise v. composite.

A very remarkable genus of climbing Ferns, with very slender wiry stems, found in all tropical countries.

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 47

L. articulatum is only found in New Zealand and Norfolk Island ; it forms in the forest impervious screens of tough
wire-like stems, that are used as cordage, and ascend trees 50-100 feet high: they are knotted and shining. —
Fronds perfectly glabrous, dichotomously palmatipartite. Pinne divaricating, articulate at the base, linear or linear-
oblong, blunt or sharp, waved or obscurely crenate, 1-4 inches long, cuneate at the base, costa slender; veins
forked, free. Fertile fronds repeatedly dichotomously branched, the stalks of the pinnules often divided much,
regularly divaricating. Pinmules 2-3 lines long, wedge- or fan-shaped, lobed; lobes short, small, bearing on the
under surface towards their ends an adnate spikelet, formed of alternating imbricating scales or indusia. Each
indusium has within it an ovoid capsule, which is attached by its side to a venule of the frond, and points downwards
and inwards; surface reticulated, apex striated. Spores bluntly three-angled. The rhizome of young plants is
creeping, slender, rigid, wiry, branched, densely covered with shining, dark-brown, paleaceous hairs. Stipes angular,
not jointed into the rhizome. (Name from Avyos, a liana, and eos, resembling.)

1. Lygodium artieulatum, A. Rich.; glaberrimum, frondibus palmatim dichotome divisis, pinnulis
cum rachi gracili stricta articulatis lineari-lanceolatis oblongisve integris subacutis, venis liberis furcatis,
frondibus fertilibus repetitim dichotome palmatim divisis, rachibus filiformibus dichotomis, pinnulis parvis
flabellatis cuneatisve varie lobatis, spiculis brevibus.—4. Rich. Flor. p. 96. t. 15. A. Cunn. Prodr.

Has. Throughout the Northern Island, common. Nat. name, “ Mange-mange," Col. (Cultivated
in England.)

Gen. XXX. SCHIZAA, Sm.

Sporangia ovoidea, basi inserta, reticulata, apice striata, secus lacinias lineares incurvas frondis resu-
pinatee biseriatim inserta. Indusium nullum v. e margine laciniarum inflexo formatum.—Rhizoma repens,
breve, squamosum. Frondes cespitose, erecta, simplices, dichotome ramose, Jitiformes, sulcate, sepius cristam
terminalem profunde pinnatifidam gerentes ; pinnis linearibus, conniventibus, pagina superiore soriferis.

A very curious genus, rare in the north temperate zone, common in the south temperate and tropics; all the
New Zealand species are widely diffused plants. The species have erect, generally simple, sometimes dichotomously
or flabellately branched, linear, flattened or filiform fronds, which bear at their apices a small inclined pinnatifid limb
or comb, upon whose divisions the capsules are arranged. Capsules in two series, close together on each side the
costa of each division, partially covered by the incurved margin, ovoid, sessile by the broad end, reticulated, striated
at the smaller end, bursting laterally. Spores with rounded angles.— The fructification deceptively appears borne on
the upper surface of the frond in this genus, the upper portion of the latter being resupinate; the groove however
of the stipes, which indicates the true upper surface, will be found on the opposite side from the capsules. (Name
from oyibo, to divide; from the split frond.)

l. Schizea bifida, Sw.; frondibus simplicibus dichotomisve asperulis subsemiteretibus, piunis 8-16-
jugis margine lacero-crinitis.—£Sw. Fil. p. 157. Br. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr. Schnizlein,
Icon. t. 29. $. propinqua, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Haz. Northern Island, and north parts of the Middle Island, D’ Urville, Cunningham, ete.

A very widely distributed plant, found in Australia and Tasmania, the East Indian Islands, Cape of Good Hope,
and in Guiana.—Rhizome short, stout, subterranean, thickly covered with red-brown paleaceous hairs. Fronds
numerous, tufted, wiry, erect, rough to the touch, a few inches to 14 foot long, simple or once branched, semi-
terete, grooved on one side. Comb or appendix reclined, of eight to ten pairs of pinus, with laciniate erinite edges.
—The S. australis of Auckland Island seems to be a small variety of this species.

2. Schizeea dichotoma, Sw.; fronde basi simplici compressa levi v. aspera superne pluries dichotome
ramosa, laciniis planis submembranaceis costatis anguste linearibus, appendice parva lata brevi suberecta,
pinnis 6-10 margine crinitis.—Swartz, Syn. Fil. Br. Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. et Grev. Ie. Fil. 1. 17.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Cunningham, ete. Manakau Bay, Colenso.

48 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Pilices.

A common Fern in various parts of the world, as Australia, the Pacific, East Indian, and Malay Islands,
Madagascar, Bourbon, ete.—Fronds a span to 2 feet high, simple below, stout and rigid, dichotomously divided
above into numerous narrow, linear, flat, strap-shaped, costate segments, that are spread out like a fan. Appendix
2-3 lines long, broad and short, of four to eight pairs of pinne, with crinite margins.

Tribe VI. Osmunbza.—Sori naked. Capsules stalked, with a broad, dorsal, incomplete ring bursting
vertically. Gen. XXXI.

Gen. XXXI. LEPTOPTEBIS, Prest.

Capsule pedicellate, subglobose, secus venulas dorso frondis sparse, reticulate, gibbose, gibbere
dorsali uno latere striato. Vene furcate, libere. —Rhizoma crassum, repens. Frondes erecta, bi-tripinnate,
pellucida.

Both the New Zealand species of this genus are amongst the most beautiful Ferns of these Islands, to which
they are quite peculiar, and their only near ally is the Australian Z. Frazeri—Rhizome stout. Fronds erect, bi-
tri-pinnate, deep green, translucent, membranous, crisp. Pinnules very small, cut into many linear lobes; veins
forked, free. Capsules scattered over the back of the frond, placed on the veins, pedicelled, reticulated, except at a
protuberant part, which is striated on one side. Spores depressed, with a dark spot. (Name from Aerros, mem-
branous, and «epis, a fern.)

-1. Leptopteris Zymenophylloides, Presl; fronde deltoideo-ovata v. lanceolata, pinnis lineari-lanceolatis
acuminatis, pinnulis lineari-oblongis breviter stipitatis pinnatifidis, segmentis bi-trifidis, rachi stipiteque
floccoso-tomentosa v. glaberrima.—Todea, Presl, Suppl. Pterid. p. 11. A. Rich. Flor. p. 91. t. 16. Hook.
et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 46 B. T. pellucida, Carm. in Hook. Bot. Mise. A. Cunn. Prodr. Hook. Ie.
Plant. t. 8.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Banks’ Peninsula. Nat. name, “ Heru-heru,”
Colenso.

Fronds 4 inches to 24 feet high, springing from a stout, erect, caulescent rhizome, deltoid-ovate or lanceolate,
the lower primary pinne not becoming gradually smaller. Pinne linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules very
numerous, shortly stipitate, oblong, blunt, deeply pinnatifid ; divisions narrow, generally once or twice forked. Stipes
and rachis stout, more or less covered with floccose red-brown wool. *

2. Leptopteris superba, Hook. ; fronde lanceolata basi angustata, pinnis inferioribus gradatim minoribus
deflexis, pinnis linearibus acuminatis, pinnulis ovatis inferioribus rachi appressis profunde pinnatifidis,
segmentis subintegris, rachi stipiteque crasso valido subfloccoso, caudice erecto.—Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 910.
Todea, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Has. Mountains of the east, south, and interior parts of the Northern Island, and throughout the
Middle and Southern Islands, Banks and Solander, Colenso, Lyall, etc.

A truly magnificent Fern, similar in many respects to T. hymenophylloides, but readily distinguished by its
greater size, lanceolate fronds, deflexed lower pinnee, which become gradually smaller, narrower pinne, ovate often
crisped pinnules, the lower of which are appressed to and cover the surface of the rachis, and by the more simple
lobules. The caudex is short, erect, and crowned with a circle of the deep green fronds.

Oss. Ihave a specimen of Todea Africana, Willd., from Dr. Sinclair, stated to have been gathered near Auck-
land, but I am uncertain as to its being indigenous to New Zealand, being far from a local plant in other countries
where it is found, as in Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, etc. It is readily distinguished from Leptopteris by
having coriaceous fronds.

Filices. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 49

Tribe VII. MararriBa.—Sori dorsal. Capsules coriaceous, without a ring, more or less combined into
an oblong or linear lobed mass (sorus), which bursts along its whole length. Gen. XXXII.

Gen. XXXII. MARATTIA, Sm.

Sori oblongi, serie intramarginali dispositi, venulis simplicibus furcatisque liberis siti. Capsude in
sorum bivalvem seu billamellatum coadunate ; valve intus plan, pluriloculares, rimis transversis dehis-
centes. Spore minutissime. Indusium lineare, angustum, fimbriatum, venule longitudinaliter adnatum.—
Rhizoma crassum, coriaceo-carnosum. Frondes rhizomate articulata, stipite basi dilatato, bi-multipinnate ;
pinnulis serratis.

A genus of tropical Ferns, also found in subtropical regions of the southern hemisphere, consisting of but few
species, the numbers of which have been greatly exaggerated by modern authors. The only New Zealand species is
found in Norfolk Island, the New Hebrides, Pacific and Malay Islands, Ceylon, Bourbon, the Cape of Good Hope,
and South America.—Rhizome a rounded, hard, fleshy mass (roasted and eaten by the natives), as large as the head,
from which many tall fronds arise. Stipes stout, green, jointed on to the rhizome, dilated into stipules at the base.
Mr. Colenso says that the frond is mobile at the joints, which is not the character of cultivated specimens of
this or of any other species of the genus. ronds coriaceous, dark green, deltoid, bi-tri-pinnate, 10-18 feet high.
Pinnules sessile or shortly stipitate, jointed to the rachis, lanceolate or linear-oblong, acuminate, 3-7 inches long,
rounded at the base, serrate. Costa stout, glabrous or slightly hairy; veins free, parallel, simple or forked. Sori
of very curious structure, placed at the ends of the veins just within the margin; each consists of two opposite
parallel plates with convex backs and plane faces, the latter marked by transverse gashes opening into as many
cells, which contain the spores ; structurally each sorus is composed of two rows of capsules laterally united into
a many-celled body. Spores elliptical, very minute indeed. Sorus surrounded at the base by a narrow fimbriated
indusium. (Named in honour of Jean F. Maratti, Abbé of Vallombreuse, who devoted his attention to Ferns.)

1. Marattia salicina, Sm.; pinnis lineari-oblongis lanceolatisve acuminatis serratis basi rotundatis
sessilibus v. breve stipitatis—Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. De Vriese et Harting, Monog. Maratt. p. 5. M.
elegans, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf.

Has. Northern and eastern parts of the Northern Island, Cunningham, Edgerley, Colenso, Sinclair.
Nat. name, “ Para,” Col. (Cultivated at Kew.)

Nore. Angiopteris evecta, Hoffm.—I find a specimen of this plant in the Hookerian Herbarium stated to be a
native of New Zealand, but upon insufficient authority: it is named 4. aurata by M. De Vriese, in that author's
monograph of Marattiacee, and is probably from Ceylon, where I find specimens possessing the characters upon
which he founds the species aurata.

Tribe VIII. OrnioeLossea.—Sori in stalked spikes or panicles. Capsules sessile, without a ring,
globose, coriaceous, bursting transversely into two valves. Gen. XXXIII., XXXIV.

Gen. XXXIII. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Z.

Capsule sessiles, globose, in spicam elongatam distiche biseriatim coadunatee, coriacex, rima trans-
versa dehiscentes. Spore minutissime, globoso-trigonse.— Radix e Jfbris carnosis. Frons simplex, erecta,
folium solitarium (rarius 2) simplex reticulatim nervosum gerens, in spicam elongatam peduneulatam desinens.

A very curious genus, found in almost all latitudes to which Ferns extend. Upwards of thirty species have
been made of it, many of which do not differ even as varieties from the common O. vulgatum of Europe, and
most of them may, I think, be referred safely to that plant. Such is the opinion which has been arrived at by
Mr. J. Smith and myself quite independently. The genus affords one of the most striking examples of the prone-
ness of many botanists to make species on insufficient grounds, and of the fallacy that prevails with regard to

VOL. IL. o

m

50 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Pilices.

species being confined within narrow limits. I confidently affirm, that were T to show the authors of many of the
so-called species of Ophioglosswm preserved in the Hookerian Herbarium, their own specimens, named by them-
selves, and substitute “Britain” on their tickets for the distant countries from which they were brought, these
authors would unhesitatingly pronounce their plants to be O. vulgatum. As to the book characters of the species,
some are founded on erroneous observations, others are drawn from exceptional varieties or forms, and not a few
present only differences of words and not of meaning. Some of the minute and narrow coriaceous-fronded specimens
look very different from the larger ones with broad cordate fronds, but these are differences generally induced by
locality, elevation, etc., and such differences are not constant in any locality.—Root of long fleshy fibres, sometimes
descending from a thickened base of the frond or tuberous rhizome. Frond simple, erect, 1 inch to a foot long,
bearing one (rarely two) coriaceous, simple, linear, or lanceolate or ovate, opaque or translucent leaf, with reticulate
yenation. Fructification a long flattened spike, which is shorter or longer than the leaf, and consists of two opposite
rows, each of six to thirty globose capsules, cohering together, and to a central axis, each bursting transversely.
Spores very minute, rounded, and trigonous. (Name from opus, a serpent, and yAwooa, a tongue.)

1. Ophioglossum vulgatum, Linn.

Var. B. costatum; fronde ovata v. lanceolata reticulatim venosa costata v. ecostata.—O. costatum,
Br. Prodr. O. elongatum, R. Cunn. in A. Cunn. Prodr.

Var. y. gramineum ; fronde ovata v. lanceolata acuta ecostata enervi.—O. gramineum, Willd. Br.
Prodr.

Var. 8. Lusitanicum ; fronde lineari-lanceolata v. lineari-oblonga enervi ecostata.—O. Lusitanicum,
Auct. O. coriaceum, A. Cunn. Prodr.

Var. e. minimum; parvulum, 1-2-unciale, fronde rhombeo-ovata v. oblonga acuta.

Has. Common throughout the Islands, in grassy places, Cunningham, ete. (A native of England.)

Gen. XXXIV. BOTRYCHIUM, L.

Capsule globose, sessiles, distinct, in spicam di-trichotome divisam biseriatim dispositee, transverse
dehiscentes. Spore trilobate.— Radix subtuberosa, fibris crassis. Frons herbacea, pinnatim v. bi-tripin-

natim divisa; venis pinnatis, radiatisve, simplicibus v. furcatis. Spica pedunculata; pedunculo e basi
frondis orto.

A genus of few (perhaps only two) species, found in various temperate and tropical countries. B. Virginicum,
the only New Zealand one, is also found in Australia, Tasmania, the Himalaya mountains, in North and South
America, and, what is very remarkable, occasionally in Norway, but nowhere else in Europe, nor in Asia north
of the Himalayas. The succulent fronds are cooked and eaten in New Zealand and India.—Root of very thick, fleshy
fibres. Frond solitary, 8 inches to 2 feet high, very coriaceous and thick, consisting of one tripinnate or ternately
decompound stipitate leaf, and a long, erect peduncle, bearing a deltoid or ovate trichotomously branched spike of
capsules, with unilateral ascending branches. Pinnules lobed and crenate, blunt, obscurely veined ; costa, stipes,
and rachis glabrous or pubescent or woolly. Capsules globose, separate from one another, distichously arranged
on the branches of the spike, each bursting transversely. Spores very minute, three-lobed or of three connate
spheres. (Name from Porpus, a cluster ; from the branched clusters of capsules.)

1. Botrychium Virginicum, L.; glabra v. pubescens, scapo subradicali, fronde trichotome divisa, seg-

mentis bipinnatifidis lobatis crenatisque.— Br. Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr. Osmunda ternata, Thunb. Jap.
p. 329. t. 32.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Canterbury, Banks and Solander, etc. Nat.
name, “Patotara,” Col.

Ons. The English B. Lunaria, having been found in Fuegia and Tasmania, probably exists in New Zealand
also; it may be recognized by its simple pinnate frond, with rhomboid or lunate, erenate, radiately veined pinne.

Lycopodiacee. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 51

Nar. Ord. XCVI. LYCOPODIACEA, DC.

Gen. I. PHYLLOGLOSSUM, Kunze.

Capsule in spicam bracteatam pedunculatam dispositze, axillis bractearum sessiles, reniformes, 2-locu-
lares, 2-valvee, rima verticali transverse dehiscentes, sporis minutissimis trigonis farctee.—Folia omnia radi-
calia, pauca lineari-subulata, teretia. Radix tuberosa ; tuberibus didymis, Orchideis referentibus.

A very remarkable plant, discovered almost contemporaneously by M. Priess at Swan River, Mr. Gunn in
Tasmania, and by myself in New Zealand, where it has since been gathered by various collectors.—Whole plant
quite glabrous, rather fleshy, 1-3 inches high.—Root of two ovoid tubers, quite like that of an Orchis, with long
simple fibres from the crown. — Leaves few, terete, subulate, grass-green, erect, rising from the tubers of the present
year. Stem, scape or peduncle, solitary, erect, terete, rising from among the leaves, bearing a small terete spike of
imbricating trigonous pedicelled scales. Capsules, like those of Lycopodium, placed in the axils of the scales. (Name
from dvddor, a leaf, and yAwooa, a tongue.)

1. Phylloglossum Drummondii, Kunze in Bot. Zeit. p. 124. cum Ic. zylog. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 908.
Lycopodium Sanguisorba, Spring, Monog. Lycop. pt. 2. p. 36.
Has. Northern Island; Bay of Islands and Auckland, Sinclair, Colenso, etc.

Gen. II. TMESIPTERIS, Bernh.

Capsule ad axillam folii furcati sessiles, oblongz, coriaces, bilobee, lobis divaricatis subacutis, bivalves,
rima verticali dehiscentes. Spore minutissime, oblongee, curvee.— Frons pendula, coriacea, fotiosa, Stipes
angulatus, Folia alterna, verticalia, fertilia biloba (sew didyma), plana, costata, enervia, obtusa, mucro-
nata, basi decurrentia.

A remarkable genus, containing only one species, which inhabits New Ireland, New Zealand, Norfolk Island,
Australia, Tasmania, the Pacific Islands, and California, often in the former countries growing epiphytically on Tree-
ferns.— Fronds leafy, pendulous, flaccid, elongated, simple or dichotomously branched, 6 inches to 2 feet long. Stipes
angled. Leaves vertical, decurrent, oblong or ensiform, sessile by a broad base, acuminate, blunt or truncate and
retuse, with an exserted costa, opaque, coriaceous, 3-1 inch long. Fertile pinne didymous, stipitate. Capsule
large, oblong, two-lobed, the lobes divaricating, splitting into two valves through both lobes, placed at the forking of
a pinnule. Spores very minute, oblong, curved.—Two species have been made of this plant, one for the truncate-
leaved, and the other for the acuminate-leaved, but both forms may be found on one specimen. (Name from unos,
a notch, and mrepis, a fern ; from the split pinnules.)

1. Tmesipteris Forsteri, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. A. Cunn. Prodr. Monog. Lycopod. p. 265.
T. Tannensis, Lab. F}. Nov. Holl. v. 2. p. 105. 1.252. Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. 1801. 2.191, 7 9. 7: 5.
Psilotum truncatum, Br. Prodr. T. Billardieri, Spring, Monog. 1. c.

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant.

Gen. III. LYCOPODIUM, Z.

Capsule sessiles, axillares, uniloculares : alice reniformes, rima longitudinali dehiscentes, bivalves, sporis
minutissimis trigonis linea tricruri notatis repletz; alise 2-3-lobw, 2-3-valves, corpusculis 1-6 farcte.
Frondes coriacee, plerumque foliose, erecta, volubiles v. pendule.—Capsule in spicam imbricatam disposita
v. foliis axillares.

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59 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Lycopodiacee.

A. very large genus, whose species are generally very widely diffused, several being found in most climates and
and latitudes. The genus has been monographed by M. Spring in the 15th and 24th volumes of the Memoirs of the
Brussels Academy.—Pronds erect from a creeping rhizome, climbing or pendulous, leafy. Leaves small, distichous,
trifarious, quadrifarious, or imbricated. Capsules in sessile or peduncled, terete, angled, or square spikes, or sessile
in the axils of the leaves, often of two kinds: the most usual are kidney-shaped, sessile, one-celled, bursting longi-
tudinally all round, and full of minute trigonous spores, each marked with three diverging lines; other capsules are
two- or three-lobed, two- or three-valved, and contain one to six large spores. (Name from Avxos, a wolf, and

rovs, a foot; from some fancied resemblance.)

$ a. SeLaco.—ZLeaves imbricated all round the stem. Capsules axillary in the upper leaves or in the bracts of
terminal sessile quadrifarious spikes.

1. Lycopodium Selago, L.; erectum v. basi decumbens, caulibus ceespitosis ramosis strictis brevibus
subeylindraceis obtusis (nunc proliferis), foliis parvis arcte imbricatis erectis (rarius squarroso-patentibus)
subulato-lanceolatis acuminatis acutisve, capsulis axillaribus.—Linn. Sp. Pl. Engl. Bot. t. 233. Fl.
Antarct. p. 894. Spring, Monog. p. 19.

Has. Middle Island, mountains near Nelson, Bidwill. (A native of England.)

This is a very widely diffused plant, always growing in moorlands or open boggy grounds, often on mountains :
it has been found in the southern hemisphere on the Tasmanian mountains, Falkland Islands, and Tristan d’ Acunha ;
it abounds in the North Temperate and Arctic zones, and is found on the Andes. New Zealand specimens differ in
no particular from Buropean.—Stems stout, rigid, tufted, branched or simple, often decumbent at the base, erect,
cylindrical, 4-8 inches high, blunt, 4-3 inch diameter. Leaves closely imbricated up and round the whole stem,
rarely spreading, broadly subulate or lanceolate-subulate, acute or acuminate, 2 lines long. Capsules sessile amongst

the upper leaves.

2. Lycopodium varium, Br.; caule robusto ramoso basi decumbente-dein erecto folioso, foliis decur-
rentibus linearibus obtusis acutisve arcte imbricatis squarroso-patentibusve, spicis robustis cernuis simpli-
cibus v. parce dichotome ramosis, squamis brevibus obtusis rariusve foliaceis.—Br. Prodr. Spring, Monog.
p. 57. et pt. 9. p. 24. Fl. Antarct. p. 115. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 112.

Has. Mountainous parts of the Northern Island: Mount Egmont, Diefenbach. Waikati, Sinclair.
Tararua, Colenso. Southern Island: Foveaux Straits, Lyall.

A common plant in Auckland Island, also found in the South Sea Islands, in South Africa, and Tasmania, in
which latter locality several varieties occur: of these, one with weaker stems passes into the following, and an-
other, with shorter, smaller, more subulate leaves and axillary capsules, passes into Z. Selago. In the ‘Flora
Antarctica” I have hazarded the opinion, that this, the following, and very many other species of the Selago group,
are mere varieties of Z. Selago itself, strangely altered by locality and climate. This is not however the opinion of
M. Spring, of Brussels, the author of two elaborate and valuable essays on this genus, in which the extraordinary
number of 107 species of Lycopodium and 209 of Selaginella are enumerated. M. Spring published his first essay
prior to, and the second after an examination of the Hookerian Herbarium, and the result of that examination seems
to have been subversive of some of these species, and the introduction of some very perplexing synonymy amongst

The Auckland Island specimens of the present plant, for instance, are named in Hook. Herb. Z. sulciner-

others.
The name of L. varium.

vium, as are some New Zealand specimens of this and of some of the following species.
again is retained to-some of the Van Diemen’s Land specimens, whilst that of sulcinervium is given to others, which
were gathered by myself at the same island and place; and the Tasmanian specimens of Selago are in part so called,
and in part referred to Z. sulcinervium. The name sulcinervium was apparently adopted in M. Spring’s first essay,
and appears to be a synonym of L. varium, a plant then unknown to M. Spring.

In its ordinary state L. variwm may be recognized by its stout, erect stem (6-18 inches high) and branches,
patent or generally imbricated, decurrent, linear, coriaceous, blunt leaves, and stout, drooping, tetragonous spikes

Lycopodiacee. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 53

of capsules, with short, ovate, keeled, blunt, imbricating scales: these scales however often become foliaceous (in
var. umbrosum, Br.), when the spicate character is lost. When the leaves become more subulate and smaller, the
plant appears to pass into Z. Selago. When it inhabits warmer latitudes it grows dependent from trees, is much
branched, more slender and flaccid, and becomes Z. Billardieri. Y cannot distinguish this species from the Z.
gnidioides of South Africa and the Mauritius, by any character of importance.

3. Lycopodium Billardieri, Spring; caule elongato pendulo ramoso, foliis sparsis decurrentibus
ligulatis acutis, spicis gracilibus tetragonis dichotome ramosis, capsulis rarius in apices ramulorum foliosis
dispositis.—Spring, Monog. p. 56. L. flagellaria, 4. Rich. Flor., non Bory (fid. Spring). A. Cunn. Prodr.
L. laxum, Presi ( fid. Hook. Bot. Mise. v. 3. p. 105).

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, abundant, as far south as Otago, pendulous from trees.

Richard considered this the same with a plant found in New Guinea (by Labillardiére), and described and
figured by Bory; the latter M. Spring reduces to Z. carinatum, Desv., and makes of the New Zealand a new
species (L. Billardieri). Iam not acquainted with Bory’s plant, but cannot help suspecting that this is probably a
variety of the preceding, and of Z. gnidioides of South Africa, L. varium of Otaheite (Menzies in Hook. Herb.), and
L. myrtifolium, Menz., of Owhyhee, both which latter have however been referred to L. sulcinervium by M. Spring.
—foots tufted. Stems pendulous, very long (2-4 feet), slender, rigid, cylindric, grooved, flexuous, with flaccid
branches. Leaves rather scattered below, more approximate above, decurrent, suberect, linear or ligulate, acute or
blunt, nerveless, or the lower with a strong costa and longitudinal depression on either side of it, lower i, upper 2
inch long; the latter often subulate, keeled, erect, appressed, and closely imbricate. Spikes 2-4 inches long, simple
or dichotomously branched, tetragonous. Scales broadly ovate, coriaceous, keeled, closely imbricate, half concealing
the capsules: more rarely the capsules are axillary in the leaves at the end of the branches; at other times the
spikes have leaf-like scales: young specimens have patent, more flaccid leaves, with thickened margins.—I have
gathered all states of this plant growing together. The figure of L. varium (in Hook. Ic. Fil. t. 112) is taken from
a specimen of this gathered in Otaheite, according to Menzies’ ticket, but I suspect some mistake about the habitat ;
it is identical with New Zealand specimens of Z. Billardieri.

$ b. Leaves imbricated all round the stem. Spikes cylindrical, sessile.

4. Lycopodium denswm, Lab.; caule erecto superne fastigiatim ramosissimo, foliis sex-multi-fariam
imbricatis erectis et appressis v. patulis eb squarrosis subulato-lanceolatis integris longe acuminatis pili-
ferisve, spicis terminalibus solitariis sessilibus ramulis latioribus oblongo-cylindraceis squarrosis, squamis
scariosis triangulari-ovatis, sporis hispidis.—Lab. Fl, Nov. Holl. v. 2. 4.104. £.251.£ 1. Br. Prodr. A.
Cunn. Prodr. Spring, Monog. p. 87.

Has. Throughout the Northern Island, abundant on dry fern-lands ; Chatham Island, Dieffenbach.

A very handsome plant, which, though variable in foliage, cannot be confounded with any other: it is found
in New Ireland, Australia, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand. —Stems prostrate below, then tall, erect,
rigid, woody, stiff, 1-3 feet high, copiously fastigiately branched ; branches rarely spreading and lax, densely covered
with squarrose, spreading or closely imbricated, appressed, subulate, acuminate, rarely hair-pointed leaves: the
character of the branches depends on the form and disposition of the leaves, which are sometimes short, erect,
closely appressed, sexfariously imbricated, when the branches are slender; when the leaves are spreading and in-
curved, the branches appear stouter. Spikes cylindrical, 4—4 inch long, sessile, blunt, squarrose from the spreading,
scarious, yellow scales, which are peltate, triangular, serrulate or erose. The spores are hispid, with short, blunt
projections,

5. Lycopodium /aterale, Br.; caulibus repentibus, ramis ascendentibus erectisve et elongatis fo-
liosis simplicibus v. divisis, foliis undique imbricatis squarroso-patentibus incurvis anguste subulatis in-
tegris, spicis brevibus lateralibus cylindraceis, squamis subquadrifariam imbricatis late triangulari-ovatis

VOL, II. P

54 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Lycopodiacee.

coriaceis.—Br. Prodr. Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. p. 10. 4& 15. A. Cunn. Prodr. Spring, Monog. p. 82.
Var. B. diffusum.—L. diffusum, Br. Prodr.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands; in wet, grassy places, Cunningham, ete.

A variable plant in habit; native of New Caledonia, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.— Stems procumbent,
sparingly branched below ; branches slender, erect, simple or sparingly divided, 3 inches to a span tall, covered with
patent, flexuose, squarrose, narrow, subulate leaves, which are 4 inch long. Spikes axillary, sessile, erect, 4 inch long.
Scales quadrifarious, coriaceous, very broadly ovate or rounded, suddenly contracted to a rather long stiff point ;
margin scarious, white, very narrow.—In alpine places, both in Tasmania and New Zealand, this plant becomes
procumbent, shorter, stiffer, and with broader, shorter leaves: such specimens appear to me to be L. diffusum, Br.
M. Spring considers (Hook. Herb.) a small state of L. fastigiatum to be L. diffusum, Br., and also rightly refers the
Tasmanian specimen of L. diffusum to L. laterale, var. B. minor, Spring.

6. Lycopodium cernuum, Linn. ; caule repente ramoso, ramis erectis rigidis subfastigiatim ramosis
ramosissimisve, ramulis apice curvis, foliis setaceo-subulatis squarroso-patentibus incurvisque integerrimis
carinatis decurrentibus, spicis brevibus ramulis terminalibus cylindraceis, squamis multifariam imbricatis
ovatis longe acuminatis serratis.—Linn. Sp. Pl. Spring, Monog. p. 79.

Has. Northern parts of the Northern Island: Bay of Islands, in humid forests, Cunningham, ete. .

Though not hitherto found in any part of Australia or Tasmania, this is one of the most widely diffused plants,
being found in all moist, warm latitudes,—from the Azores to the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand in the Old
World, and from Mexico to South Brazil in the New,—and is often called *Stag's-horn Moss,” from its divaricating,
curved branches.—Stems stout, woody, creeping, often 2-3 feet long, sending up erect, rigid branches, which are
fastigiately branched. Leaves numerous, imbricated all round the stem, narrow, subulate, patent and incurved,
decurrent, 3-2 line long. Spikes short, 2 inch, sessile on the generally incurved tops of the branchlets. Scales
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with acuminate points and toothed margins.

$ c. Leaves imbricated all round the stem (sometimes obscurely secund or bifarious). Spikes peduncled.

7. Lycopodium Carolimianum, Tinn.; caule repente radicante, foliis ascendentibus curvis lanceolato-
subulatis, pedunculis lateralibus strictis erectis elongatis foliosis, spica elongata stricta solitaria, squamis
peltatis sub-6-fariam imbricatis erecto-patentibus e basi late ovata longe acuminatis margine scariosis
serrulatis integrisve.—Linn. Sp. Pl. Dill. Muse. t. 62. f. 6. Spring, Monog. p. 98. L. Drummondii,
Spring, Monog. pt. 2. p. 35. L. serpentinum? Kunze in Plant. Preiss. v. 2. p. 108.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands and East Coast, Colenso.

A native of. Tasmania, Western Australia, and various tropical and subtropical parts of the world.—Stems
creeping, rooting, 3-5 inches long, covered with curved, ascending, lanceolate-subulate leaves, i inch long and
upwards. Peduncle erect, stiff, 1—4 inches long, covered with small, erect, subulate leaves. Spike 1-2 inches long,
ereet, cylindrical. Scales peltate, arranged in about six rows, stiff, spreading, broadly ovate below, with long, rigid
points, and scarious, generally toothed margins.—M. Spring names this L. Drummondii (in Herb. Hook.), a species
which he distinguishes from ZL. Carolinianum chiefly by the white edges of the leaves and scales of the spike, which
character however does not appear in the New Zealand plant. The scales are more or less toothed in this species,
sometimes being nearly entire, and the leaves appear to be bifarious in some specimens from South Africa and South
America.

8. Lycopodium clavatum, L.; var. Mayellanicum; caule vage repente elongato, ramis erectis fastigiatim
ramulosis, foliis lineari-subulatis squarroso-incurvis patentibusve integerrimis, pedunculis terminalibus soli-
tariis geminisve strictis erectis sparse foliosis, spicis elongatis cylindraceis, squamis peltatis e basi trape-
zoidea subulato-acuminatis recurvis margine scariosis denticulatis, sporis granulatis.—Flor. Antaret. p. 118.

L. Magellanicum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. Spring, Ù e. p. 97. pt. 2. p.16. L. fastigiatum, Br. Prodr. Spring,

Lycopodiacee. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 55

Monog. pt. 1. p. 88. pt. 2. p. 41. L. Pichinchense, Hook. Ic. Pl. f. 85. L. heterophyllum, Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 113. L. diffusum, Spring, Monog., non Br. Prodr.
Has. Mountains of the Northern and Middle Islands, Banks and Solander, ete.

In the ‘Flora Antarctica’ I have discussed at some length the variations of ZL. clavatum, of which I believe this
plant to be a southern state, distinguishable in most cases by the quite entire leaves, that have not a hair-like point.
It inhabits Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Island, the mountains of Tasmania and South America, and in the
South Sea Islands and the Cordillera is found passing into the Z. clavatum of the north temperate hemisphere, a
cosmopolitan plant, to which M. Spring rightly refers nearly a dozen species of various authors.—Stems extensively
creeping, stout, woody, sending up strict, erect, fastigiately branched or panicled branches, 3-12 inches high.
Leaves imbricated, spreading, incurved or squarrose, linear-subulate, entire. Peduncles terminal, solitary or two
together, strict, erect, more or less leafy, the leaves often whorled. Spikes 1-25 inches long, erect, cylindric. Scales
peltate, trapezoid and toothed at the base, with long recurved points. Spores granulated on the surface.— Very
stunted alpine specimens have procumbent branches and subsecund ascending leaves. I have seen specimens with
short peduncles, approaching Z. densum in general appearance, but the form of the recurved scales of the spike
distinguishes this at once.

$ d. Leaves bifarious.

9. Lycopodium seariosum, Forst.; caule basi repente vage ramoso, ramis subcomplanatis divaricatim
ramulosis, foliis aliis majoribus bifariis decurrentibus integerrimis falcato-lanceolatis acutis coriaceis opacis
marginibusve et apicibus scariosis aliis minoribus cauli appressis subulatis stipuleformibus, spicis termi-
nalibus longe v. brevissime pedunculatis subsexfariam imbricatis peduneulo folioso, squamis e basi ovata
acuminatis denticulatis erectis demum recurvis, apicibus sepe scariosis, sporis laxe reticulatim areolatis,
areolis depressis.— Forst. Prodr. Fl. Antarct. p. 112. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 966. Spring, Monog. p. 106.
L. decurrens, Br. Prodr. t. 966. L. Jussieui, Desv. Encycl. Bot. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 185. Spring, l c.
p.108. L. reptans, Banks et Sol. MSS. L. Henkii, Presl. L. Lessonianum, A. Rich. Flora ?

Has. Mountains of the Northern Island, Colenso; more common in the Middle and Southern
Islands, on the ground, often in woods, Banks and Solander.

Originally discovered by Banks and Solander in New Zealand, and since found in Tasmania (Z. decurrens, Br.),
Lord Auckland’s Group, Chili, and throughout the Andes of South America, in New Granada, and the mountains of
Jamaica. Spring retains the Z. Jussiewi (which originated in American specimens) as a distinct species, founding
his characters on the erect stem, elongate peduncles, and some other equally variable characters.—Stems creeping,
stout, rooting, often 2 feet long, sending out flattened, flabellately-divided, compressed branches. Leaves of two
kinds; the larger bifarious, decurrent, falcate, ovate lanceolate, acute or acuminate, laterally flattened, very coria-
ceous; smaller on the under side of the branches only, more numerous, subulate, appressed to the stem. Spikes
1-23 inches long, cylindrical, solitary or geminate, on long or short terminal peduncles, which are often 8 inches _
long, and covered with imbricate, subulate leaves. Scales somewhat sexfariously disposed, ovate, with rather broad
recurved points and toothed margins.

10. Lycopodium volubile, Forst.; caule alte scandente volubili tenui ramoso,- ramis compressis
subflabellatim ramulosis, foliis majoribus bifariis falcatis lanceolatis acuminatis, minoribus subulatis ap-
pressis stipuleeformibus, spicis in pedunculos nudos dichotomos subpaniculatim dispositis gracilibus pendulis,
squamis erectis 4-5-fariam imbricatis e basi late rotundata abrupte acuminatis, sporis granulatis.—Porst.
Prodr. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 10. Spring, Monog. p. 105. L. spectabile, Blume, fid. Herb. Hort.
Acad. Lugd. Bat. (Hb. Hook.) Spring, Monog. p. 109. L. D'Urvillei P 4. Rich. Flor., fid. Spring.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, as far south as Banks’ Peninsula, Banks and Solander, etc. Nat.
name, * Wae-wae koukou” (owl’s foot), Cot.

56 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [| Characee.

I know of no other places in which this fine plant grows but New Zealand and Java. There is however in
Herb. Hook. a specimen marked as from Owhyhee by Mr. Menzies, whose localities I have several times had occa-
sion to doubt; and M. Spring adds Society Islands (Forster) and King George’s Sound (Herb. Webb.), the latter an
unlikely habitat. The native women are fond of adorning their hair with the fronds of this, which is by far the
most beautiful of any species I know.—Stems slender, twining, climbing over trees and bushes, many feet long, wiry,
sparingly leafy, much branched. Branches spreading, compressed, dichotomously divided. Leaves of two kinds;
larger bifarious, distichous, laterally flattened, spreading, lanceolate, falcate, top incurved, acuminate, decurrent,
coriaceous, smaller or stipulary leaves subulate, appressed to the stem. Spikes numerous, drooping, in branched
dichotomous panicles 3-24 inches long, obscurely quadrifarious, slender. Scales small, rounded, abruptly contracted
into a subulate point, margins toothed. Spores broadly pyriform, the broader hemispherical end granulated, trans-
parent towards the smaller end.

Oss. L. Phlegmaria, L., introduced into Cunningham's Prodromus on the faith of a specimen from Menzies,
labelled “Dusky Bay,” is a tropical plant, which cannot be assumed to be a native of New Zealand without better
evidence. A specimen so marked in Cunningham's Herbarium, and gathered by himself, is Z. Billardieri.

Gen. IV. PSILOTUM, Swartz.

Capsule 3-loculares, 3-valves, axillis foliorum sitze, coriacese, opacæ, sporis minimis farctee.— Caulis
nudus, aphyllus v. foliis minimis squamaformibus ; ramis triquetris.

A very widely distributed Fern, found in America from Carolina and Florida to South Brażil, in India, the
Atlantic and Pacific Islands, and Australia and New Zealand.—Stems rigid, erect or pendulous, 2 inches to a foot
high, simple below, dichotomously branched above; branches three-angled, bearing a few distant scale-like leaves.
Capsules large, coriaceous, three-lobed, three-celled, full of very minute spores, which burst in water and discharge
a cloud of excessively minute particles.—This genus differs in habit and the three-celled capsules from Tmesipteris.
(Name from vios, naked ; in allusion to the leafless stem and exposed capsules.)

1. Psilotum triguetrum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. Br. Prodr. Lycopodium nudum, Linn.
Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Plenty, Mr. Joliffe.

Nar. Og». XCVIII. MARSILEACEM, Br.

Gen. I. AZOLLA, Lam.

1. Azolla rubra, Br. Prodr. p. 167.
Has. Northern Island: East Coast and interior, Colenso, etc.

A native of Australia and Tasmania.

Nar. Ord. XCIX. CHARACEA, Rich.

Gen. I. NITELLA, 49.

1. Nitella Hookeri, Braun in Hook. Journ. Bot. v. 1. p. 199 (1849).
Has. Northern Island; in still water, not uncommon, Colenso, ete.

Originally found in Kerguelen’s Land, which is its only other known habitat.

Oss. Several other species of this genus, and of the allied genus Chara, have been sent from New Zealand,
but the specimens are not in a fit state for satisfactory determination.

Musei.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 57

Nat. On». C. MUSCI, Juss.
By William Wilson, Esq.
SUBORDER 1. ANDREALACEA.
Gen. I. ANDREZA, Ehr.

Theca in receptaculo exserto sessilis, fere ad basin valvulis quatuor dehiscens; valvulis apice operculo
persistente connexis. Calyptra mitreeformis.

1. Andrea acutifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils.; foliis erecto-patentibus incurvis rigidis lanceolato-subulatis
acutis concaviusculis basi gibbosis enervibus siccitate erectis—Flor. Antarct. 4. 118, 896. 7. 151. 7. 9.

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine mountains, Codenso.

Found in various Antarctic Islands, Cape Horn, and on the Andes of Quito.—There are two varieties in New
Zealand : one taller, about 4 inch in length, with foliage reddish, not lurid.

2. Andrema rupestris, Linn. ; foliis e basi subvaginante patentibus ovato-acuminatis minus acutis apice
subobliquis dorso papillosis enervibus siccitate appressis.—Linn. Hook. et Tayl. Muse. Brit. 2. t. 8.
Fl. Antarct. p. 396.

Has. Northern Island; in mountainous localities, Colenso. (A native of Britain.)

Found in Britain and in all parts of the world, on subalpine rocks.—Foliage dull reddish-brown, inclining to
black, not glossy, often subsecund. Leaves ovato-subulate.

SUBORDER 2. SPHAGNACER.
Gen. II. SPHAGNUM, Z.

Theca globosa, in receptaculo exserto sessilis, stomate nudo exannulato. Calyptra medio rupta, basi
persistente. Pructificatio axillaris.

1. Sphagnum eymbifolium, Dill.; caule robusto elongato, ramis confertis brevibus tumidis, foliis ro-
tundo-ovatis concavis obtusis apice dorso muricatis, utriculis (cellulis ramulorum externis) spiraliter striatis.
—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. $. obtusifolium, Hook. et Tayl. in part. S. latifolium, Hedw., Smith, etc. FL
Antarct. p. 398.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (A native of Britain.)

Found in Britain and in all parts of the globe, in peat-bogs, etc., where it contributes largely to the formation
of peat.

2. Sphagnum compactum, Bridel; caulibus dense ceespitosis fastigiatis, ramis confertis brevibus erecto-
patentibus, foliis ovato-subulatis obtusis preemorsisve apice concaviusculis subincurvis, utriculis estriatis.—
Bridel, Br. Univ. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 3. S. latifolium, 8 minus, Hook. et Taylor.

Var. ambiguum ; laxe ceespitosum, ramis patulis, foliis latioribus subovatis apice vix incurvis.

Has. Northern Island: marshy ground, Bay of Islands, J. D. HM., Colenso. (A native of Britain.)

The New Zealand plant much resembles S. contortum (Schultz), and has, like that, only a single layer of cortical
cellules on the stem; but the leaves are blunt or preemorse, and the reticulation is larger.

3. Sphagnum fimbriatum, Wilson; caule gracili elongato, ramis gracilibus attenuatis deflexis, foliis
caulinis obovatis obtusis apice fimbriatis, ceteris ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, perichzetialibus squamis ob-
ovatis obtusis eucullatis.— Mils. in Fl. Antarct. p. 898. S. acutifolium, Hook. et Laylor, in part.

Var.; ramis subinde quinatis confertis, foliis latioribus.

Has. New Zealand, Middle Island, Lya//. (A native of Britain.)

VOL. IL, Q

58 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Muset.

4. Sphagnum cuspidatum, Dill. ; caule elongato subflaccido, ramis remote fasciculatis deflexis atte-
nuatis, foliis caulinis ovato-acutis patulis, cseteris lanceolatis sensim acuminatis siccitate margine undulatis.—
Bridel, Bryol. Univ. Hook, et Taylor. Fl. Antarct. p. 398.

Var. 8. recurvum ; folus brevioribus siccitate recurvis.—S. recurvum, P. Beauv. Prodr. Bridel, Bryol.
Unw.

Var. y. plumosum ; foliis longioribus sensim attenuatis.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Var. y, found by Mr. Oldfield. (A native of Britain.)

SUBORDER 3. BRYACER.
Section 1. Acrocarpı.— Fruit terminal.

Tribe I. PHASCEÆ.

Gen. III. PHASCUM, L. |

Capsula elliptica, subrotunda, apiculata, astoma (operculo persistente), brevi-pedicellata. Calyptra cu-
cullata vel conico-campanulata. Florescentia monoica.

Subgenus 1. AcAULON, Bryol. Europea.—Gemmaforme, perpusillum, annuum. Capsula globosa, immersa. Calyptra
minima, capsule vertice insidente.

1. Phascum (Acaulon) apiculatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; foliis in bulbillo arcte conniventibus obovato-
subrotundis acuminulatis concavis integerrimis nervo valido excurrente apiculatis. (Tas. LXX XIII. Fig. 1.)

Haz. Northern Island: Hawke's Bay; on the ground, Colenso.

Plants gregarious, smaller than mustard-seed, reddish.— Leaves clustered into a roundish bulb, appressed, the
two innermost nearly equal, and larger than the rest, their apices erect, margins not at all reflexed ; nerve thickened
at the top, distinctly excurrent, reddish. Capsule immersed, globose, erect, on a very short, slender pedicel. Calyp-
tra conico-mitriform, minute.—In the allied British species, P. muticum, Schreb., the leaves are less closely connivent,
have recurved apices, the inner perichzetial leaf overtops the rest, the nerve is not excurrent, margin not reflexed, and
the reticulation is larger.—PLATE LXXXIII. Fig. 1:—1, plant, natural size; 2, the same, magnified; 3, capsule
and pericheetial leaf; 4, capsule; 5, calyptra; 6, leaf; 7, apex of the same :—all magnified.

Subgenus 2. PrEunipruM.— Caules tenelli, filiformes, innovationibus annuis continuati. (perennes), subramosi.
Capsula brevi-pedicellata, erecta, ovata, brevi-apiculata, terminalis, vel (per innovationes) lateralis. Calyptra
plerumque cucullata, Vaginula oblongo-cylindrica.

2. Phascum (Pleuridium) »ervosum, Hook. ; caule brevi subsimplici, foliis inferioribus ovatis supe-
rioribus elliptico-lanceolatis longe acuminatis appressis crassinerviis (nervo excurrente), capsula immersa
apiculata.— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. cv. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 296 a.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; on clay hills, J. D. H., Colenso.

Found at the Cape of Good Hope, and a variety with submuticous leaves, in Pennsylvania. Nearly allied to
P. alternifolium, Bryol. Europ., having several axillary gemmiform male flowers; but distinguished by the shorter,
closely imbricated leaves.— Capsule often laterally exserted on a curved pedicel in our New Zealand specimens, and

more evidently apieulate than shown in the figure in Muse. Exot.—Some of our specimens have numerous sterile ju-

laceous surculi, with widely ovate muticous denticulate leaves, closely resembling those of Pennsylvanian specimens.

Tribe II. Weıssıe.
Gen. IV. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. (in part.)

Peristomium nullum. Capsula erecta, ovalis, oblonga vel subrotunda, equalis. Annulus obscurus,

Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 59
persistens. Opereulum oblique rostratum. Calyptra cucullata.—Caules perennes. Florescentia monoica,
dioicave ; fl. mas. gemmaformis.

This genus is here, as in * Bryologia Europea, restricted to Gymnostomous Mosses, with the habit of Weissia.
The former character is however merely negative, and of frequent occurrence (by suppression) in many Peristomous
genera. Other Gymnostomous Mosses are now referred to those groups with which, irrespective of the peristome,
they have the closest affinity: thus Physcomitriwm has the general structure, aspect, and inflorescence of Funaria E
other species are referred to Bartramic, and the minute annual species to Seligerie. According to the arrangement
pursued in ‘ Bryologia Europea,” these Gymnostomous Mosses may belong to any family of the Order, and even
Phascoid Mosses may be similarly dispersed. The genus Hymenostomum, which is retained in Bryol. Europ., does
not appear to be distinct, for some of its species, and amongst them the only New Zealand one, has not the assumed
generic character of a contracted mouth of the capsule, and consequent adhesion, after maturity, of the sporular sac
to the apex of the columella,

l. Gymnostomum calcareum, Nees et Hornsch. ; compacte ceespitulosum, caule ramoso tenerrimo,
foliis lineari-lanceolatis patulis obtusiusculis margine planis, capsula ovali-oblonga brevicolla erythrostoma,
operculo subulato-conico.— Nees et Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. Bridel, Bryol. Europ.

Var. 2; foliis longioribus siccitate crispulis.

Has. Northern Island: on clay soil, near the Bay of Islands. Var. 2, on lime-walls.

One of the smallest of the genus, found chiefly on calcareous rocks in Europe, but not frequent. The long oper-
culum, nearly equalling the capsule, distinguishes this from G, tenue, its smaller size from G. rupestre.

2. Gymnostomum Zortile, Schweegr. ; caulibus ramosis pulvinato-ceespitosis, ramis fastigiatis, foliis con-
fertis patentibus sursum curvatis siccitate incurvo-tortilibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis apiculatis
crassinerviis solidioribus margine incurvis, capsula crassiuscula ovali, operculo longirostro.—Schwagr.
Suppl. t. 10. Nees et Hornsch. Bridel. Hymenostomum tortile, Bryol. Europ.

Var. 2; foliis magis patulis acuminatis.

Var. 3; foliis angustioribus minus confertis acuminatis.

Has. Northern Island: on clay soil, Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso.

Very similar to Weissia controversa; distinguished by the absence of peristome and more robust habit;
leaves of firmer texture, wider and less strongly incurved in the margin,

Gen. V. WEISSIA, Hedwig.

Peristomium simplex, dentes sedecim, «equidistantes, basi liberi, lanceolati v. lineari-lanceolati, transverse
trabeculati, dorso convexi, integri vel pertusi, interdum apice bifidi, siccitate erecti vel patentes. Capsula
erecta, ovali-oblonga. Annulus persistens v. 0. Operculum oblique rostratum.—Caules perennes. Flores-
centia monoica dioicave ; fl. mas. gemmaformis.

l. Weissia controversa, Hedw. ; ceespitosa, foliis lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve margine incurvis et
involutis costa percursa mucronatis, capsula ovali siccitate substriata, operculo conico-rostellato, peristomii
dentibus subintegris lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. Schwegr. “Hook. et Tayl.
W. viridula, Bridel, Bryot. Europ.

Has. Northern Island: near the Bay of Islands, J. D. 7. Auckland, Knight. (A native of England.)

A very common British species, found in almost all parts of the world, on earthy banks, readily distinguished
by the involute margins of the leaves. It was however unknown to Linneeus, and the name Bryum viridulum, L.,

proves to have been misapplied to this Moss.

2. Weissia flavipes, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caspitosa, foliis lineari-lanceolatis angustatis elongatis

60 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.
margine incurviusculis subplanis costa percurrente mucronulatis erecto-patentibus siccitate intortis, seta
elongata luteola, capsula subcylindrica elongata erecta erythrostoma, peristomil dentibus acutis denticulatis

perforatis, operculo tenuirostri. (Tas. LXXXII. Fig. 2.)
Has. Northern Island: near the Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Distinguished from W. controversa by the long, slender, pale yellow fruit-stalks, nearly half an inch in length,
more cylindrical and elongated pale capsule, apparently destitute of annulus, by the longer, distinctly perforated red
teeth, which are denticulate or rough with transverse articulations, and taper from the base, and by the almost
plane margins of the leaves, which are narrower and longer than in that species. The inflorescence, as in that, is
s, Br. et Schimp., from Abyssinia, strongly resembles our Moss, but differs in the
very slender, smooth teeth), in the coarser texture of the fragile leaves
(like those of D. cylindricus), and in the naked axillary male flowers. WM. inflexa, Hook., is scarcely more than a
variety of W. controversa, with narrower leaves and paler setze than usual. Our Moss has the operculum longer and
and the peristome appears to be quite different in structure, ap-
2, capsule and operculum ;

monoicous. Didymodon leptocarpu
structure of the peristome (with setiform,

more slender than in any variety of W. controversa,
proaching that of Trichostomum.—Pıarn LXXXIII. Fig. 2:—1, plant, natural size ;
3, capsule with operculum removed; 4, teeth; 5, leaf; 6, apex of leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

Gen. VI. SYMBLEPHARIS, Montagne.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 8, breves, bigeminati (vel 32 quaternatim approximati), erecti, siccitate
in conum conniventes. Capsula subcylindrica, elongata, erecta, microstoma. Calyptra cylindrico-subulata,
elongata, dimidiata. Perichetii folia longissima, vaginantia.—Olomitrium, Bridel. Sprucea, Hook. fil. et
Wils. in Flor. Antaret.

The above definition is confirmed by that of Dr. Montagne (Ann. Se. Nat. 1837), and the name Symblepharis
takes precedence of Sprucea. Lophiodon, nob. (Fl. Antaret. p. 130), has the habit of Trichostomum, and sixteen
teeth only, united in pairs.—Symblepharis is allied in habit to Weissia through JJ. orispula, and may be found to
constitute a group; but the species require further investigation.

1. Symblepharis perichatialis, Wils. ; caule erecto ramoso, foliis
crispis e basi lanceolata subulato-attenuatis integerrimis canaliculatis margine planis nervo continuo, peri-
cheetialibus longissimis vaginantibus, capsula oblonga erecta, operculo conico-subulato recto.—Trichosto-
mum perichztiale, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 1 3. Olomitrium perichetiale, Bridel. Acalyphum cylindricum,
P. Beawv.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands; on the trunks of trees, J. D. H. Dusky
Bay, Menzies. Middle Island, Lyall.

Variable in size, and in the length, direction, and form of the leaves, more or less eradually tapering from the

are somewhat keeled, their substance firm, the margin entire, obscurely thickened, areolee dot-
Operculum as long as the capsule, almost

confertis erecto-patentibus siccitate

ovate-lanceolate base,
Uke- Sere 1 inch long and under, pale. Annulus small, persistent.

setaceous. Calyptra above twice as long. Teeth dull red, thirty-two, erect, sometimes recurved when moist. Male
This Moss seems to have a circumscribed range (Mauritius and Campbell’s Island being the

inflorescence not found.—
however occur in South America, where, and in Mexico, other species are found.

only other localities); it may
Tribe III. FissiDENTEZ.

Gen. VII. FISSIDENS, Hedw.

lanceolati, linea media percursa, in crura
siccitate geniculato-incurvi. Calyptra

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, sequidistantes, longiusculi,
duo raro tria ineequalia subulata fissi, crebre articulati, hygroscopici,

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 61

cuculliformis, raro conico-mitreeformis. Fructificatio in caule primario vel in ramis brevibus secundariis
terminalis.—Folia disticha, equitantia, alternantia, dorso in alam et apice in laminam verticalem scalpellifor-
mem producta, compresso-canaliculata, semiamplexicaulia.—Dicranum, Hook. et Tayl. in part.

Distinguished from Dicranum, as a natural group, by the distichous vertical leaves; but similar in the struc-
ture of the peristome.

$ a. Folia marginata.

l. Fissidens éryoides, Hedw.? foliis late lanceolatis marginatis integerrimis nervo subexcurrente,
capsula erecta elliptica, operculo conico acuminato, floribus masculis in caule fertili axillaribus.— Bridel,
Bryol. Univ. Bryol. Europ. Dicranum bryoides, Hook. et Tayl.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., specimens imperfect. (A native of Britain.)

This species is one of the most common in Europe and North America.

2. Fissidens viridulus, L.; caule simplici decumbente, foliis lanceolatis marginatis integerrimis lamina
dorsali supra basin discontinuata nervo subcontinuo, capsula erecta ovali-oblonga, operculo conico-acumi-
nato, fl. masc. terminali vel basilari gemmeeformi.—Bryum viridulum, Z. Dicranum viridulum, Swartz,
Muse. Suec. Fissidens viridulus, Wahlenberg. Y. incurva, Bryol. Europ. (partly), non Schwegr.

Var. foliis rigidis acuminatis margine valde cartilagineo-limbatis.—F. acuminatus, MSS. `

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Common throughout Europe and America. Distinguished from F. bryoides by the position of the male flowers,
which are never axillary.

3. Fissidens incurvus, Schweegr.; caule, foliis florescentiaque F. viriduli, capsula cernua incurva.—
Sehwegr. Suppl. 1. v. 9. p. 5. t. 49. Bryol. Europ. ex parte.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Of this small species there are several varicties, one with leaves almost as much acuminated as in F, acuminatus,
others with leaves almost destitute of the pellucid cartilaginous border, except on the sheathing part.

4. Fissidens rigidulus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; caule gracili elongato ramoso polyphyllo, foliis rigi-
dulis siccitate subcrispis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis (lamina verticali brevi) margine valde incrassatis,
nervo valido pellucido continuo, capsula terminali ovali suberecta, operculo rostellato, fl. masc. terminali.
(Tas. LXXXIIT. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: East Cape, Dr. Sinclair. Wellington, Lyall. Auckland, Knight.

Taller and more rigid than the preceding, with lurid green foliage.—Stems 1-2 inches long, branched. Leaves
less crowded, bluntish, rigid, the entire cartilaginous border broad and much thickened. Sete 2-3 lines long, pale,
slender, often two to three together. Capsules small, short, oval, somewhat gibbous on one side. Operculum half
as long as the capsule.—PraArE LXXXIII. Fig. 3:—1, plant, natural size; 9,fruit and pericheetial leaf; 3, tooth
of peristome; 4, calyptra; 5, leaf; 6, transverse section of leaf :—a// but Jig. | magnified.

5. Fissidens drevifolius, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule humili e basi surculis sterilibus longioribus cres-
cente, foliis surculorum confertis ovatis brevissimis cymbiformibus integerrimis basi vaginante tantum
marginatis, caulinis dissitis longius acuminatis angustatis lamina dorsali discontinua, capsula suberecta.
(Tas. LXXXIII. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

A small species not $ inch long, allied to F, viridulus, but differing in the very short cymbiform leaves,
and in the habit of growth, which connects it closely with F. tamarindifolius, Smith. Male flower gemmiform at
base of the barren shoots. Fruit terminal.—It is found also at the Cape of Good Hope, and at Mendoza, South

VOL. IL. R

62 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. (Musei.

America.—PrATE LXXXIII. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, the same, magnified; 3, capsule; 4, 5, leaves :—
all but fig. 1 magnified.
b. Foliis immarginatis.

6. Fissidens eruginosus, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule brevi pusillo decumbente, foliis strictis confertis
anguste lanceolatis acuminatis opacis nervo continuo pellucido percursis margine scaberulis, capsula termi-
nali. (Tas. LXXXIII. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

A neat little Moss, with flabelliform fronds as large as F. tenellus, from which it differs in the narrower, more
acuminated leaves; tip evidently crenulate, not altered by drying. It resembles F. elegans, Schweer.; but that has

the leaves wider, not tapering above, and the sheathing part bordered, approaching more nearly to the ambiguous
varieties of F. incurvus.—Male flowers basilar and gemmiform, as in the allied species. Leaves with dot-like reticu-
lation, verdigris-green.— We possess only a few fragments mixed with another Moss. F. campylopus, Mont. (Ann.
Se. Nat. Cent. 5, 48), from Chili, though closely allied to this, is described as having axillary male flowers, and
presents other marks of difference. —PLATE LXXXIII. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, the same, magnified.

7. Fissidens tenellus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; caule pusillo decumbente 6-8-phyllo, foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis acutis crenulatis basi vaginante denticulatis nervo valido concolore continuo subexcurrente, capsula
erecta, operculo longirostri, calyptra papillosa mitriformi. (Tas. LXXXIII. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Auckland, Sinclair. Thomson’s
Sound, Lyall.

One of the smallest of the genus, very like F. exilis, Hedw. (F. Blowami, Wilson in Lond. Journ. Bot.), differ-
ing thus:— Leaves narrower, more acute, not oblique; cellules smaller. Annulus none. Operculum longer, its
margin composed of twice as many cellules. Teeth of peristome larger, rough at the back with sharp prominences.
Calyptra papillate at the apex.—4. Hornschuchii, Mont. (F. Brasiliensis, Hsch., F. serrulatus, Fl. Bras.), is a larger
species, with wider and shorter leaves, and axillary, clustered male flowers. In F. tenellus the male flower is gem-
miform and basilar.—PrATE LXXXIII. Fig. 6:—1, plants, natural size; 2, 9, the same, magnified ; 4, leaf, mag-

nified.

8. Fissidens pallidus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicus? fronde breviuscula flabelliformi decumbente,
folis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis confertis acutis integerrimis siccitate inflexis, capsula cernua, operculo
longirostri. (Tas. LXXXIII. Fig. 7.)

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Fronds ceespitose, flabelliform, pale yellowish-green, glossy. Leaves very slightly altered by drying, more acute
than in the following species, with larger and more pellucid hexagonal areolæ, the dorsal lamina narrower at the base.
Inflorescence probably dioicous; (we find no male flowers.) Capsule terminal, cernuous, curved (unripe in our speci-
mens), shorter than the operculum. Calyptra submitriform, inflexed at the base.—F. glaucescens, Hsch. (lanceolatus,
Bruch), from the Cape of Good Hope, is allied, but the fructification is lateral, leaves crenulate, capsule suberect, frond
linear. P. falcatus, Wils. MSS., from Madras, is equally different, and has leaves more tapering and acute, and more
incurved when dry.—PLATE LXXXIII. Fig. 7:—1, plant, natural size; 2, the same, magnified; 3, leaf, magnified.

9. Fissidens oblongifolius, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; monoicus, fronde lineari-elongata polyphylla, foliis
confertis erecto-patentibus elongatis anguste ligulatis obtusiusculis integris siccitate subinflexis, seta gracili,
capsula minuta ovali inclinata, fl. masc. axillari. (Tas. LXXXIII. Fig. 8.)

Var. B. capitatus ; caule apice androgyno, foliis subulato-lanceolatis acutiusculis apice crenulatis.

Has. Northern Island : Bay of Islands, both varieties on rocks, near waterfalls, J. D. H.

Stems 4 inch long. Leaves crowded, twenty or more on each side, slightly incurved when dry, of almost equal
width throughout in the typical form, gradually tapering upwards in var. B; nerve pale and pellucid, vanishing

|
|

Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 63

below the apex, which is more or less crenulate; areolæ roundish, more opaque than in the preceding. Capsule
remarkably small for the size of the plant, subcernuous, pale, on a slender pedicel. Male flowers axillary, scattered
here and there along the stem, terminal with the seta in var. B.—PLarE LXXXIII. Fig. 8:—1, plant, natural
size; 2, capsule; 3, leaves; 4, apex of leaf, magnified.

10. Fissidens ligulatus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicus, fronde lineari-elongata polyphylla, foliis remo-
tiusculis suberectis ligulatis obtusis margine subcrenulatis apice denticulatis siccitate involuto-crispulis
nervo valido pellucido evanido, seta crassiuscula, capsula cernua macrostoma, operculo equal. (Tas.
LXXXIV. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, near waterfalls, J.D. H., Colenso, Sinclair. Auckland,
Knight.

Somewhat taller and more robust than the last, from which it is readily distinguished when dry by the distant
involute crisped foliage.— Leaves more obtuse and more truly ligulate, the dorsal wing ceasing considerably above
the base. Seta strong, flexuose, rather short. Male flower terminal on separate stems, growing often apart from
the fertile plant.—PraArE LXXXIV. Fig. 1:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, part of peristome; 4 and 5,
leaves; 6, apex of leaves :—all magnified.

ll. Fissidens dealbatus, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, tenellum, foliis 3-jugis oblongis acuminatis
lamina apicali folium excedente anguste marginatis enervibus cellulis magnis hyalinis rhomboideis, capsula
suberecta ampullacea sub ore constricta, operculo rostrato capsula longiore. (Tas. LXXXIV. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, growing very sparingly with F. incurvus, var. acuminatus,
J. D. H.

Somewhat larger than the allied American species F. hyalinus, Hook. et Wils., and distinguished by the
bordered leaves, larger areole, and longer operculum.—Peristome longer, the teeth when dried paired. Annulus
none. Calyptra reddish-brown, conico-subulate.—It differs from F. reticulosus, Schimp., in the complete absence
of a nerve,—PrarE LXXXIV. Fig. 2:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a plant, magnified ; 3, immature capsule; 4
calyptra; 5, mature capsule; 6, immature, and 7, mature opercula; 8, leaf :—all magnified.

3

Gen. VIII. CONOMITRIUM, Montagne.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, bifidi, ut in Fissidente, sed linea media nulla, plerumque truncati,
irregulares. Calyptra conica, basi subintegra. Capsula minuta, brevi-pedicellata, erecta, vequalis, pedicello
sensim in capsulam dilatato, collumque spurium sistente.—/olia Fissidentis remota, lamina dorsali longiore.
Plante Auitantes, tenere, filiformes, ramose.

l. Conomitrium Dillenii, Montagne; caule frondiformi fuitante ramoso, folis alternis distichis
oblongo-lanceolatis subscalpelliformibus erectis evanidinerviis, pedunculis solitariis (rarius gemellis) axilla-
ribus cauligenis, capsula ovata, operculo cuspidato incurvo.—Montagne in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1837, et
Orypt. D’Orbigny Voy. Skitophyllum Dillenii, Za Py/. Octodiceras Dillenii, Bridel.

Has. Northern Island: East Coast, in watercourses, Colenso.

Jn our specimens the male and female flowers are contiguous, and the teeth of the peristome regular.

Tribe IV. Dicrannz.

Gen. IX. DICNEMON, Schwegr.
Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, ultra medium bipartiti, cruribus nodosis incurvis. Calyptra
magna, cucullata. Capsula elongata, ineequalis, pericheetio elongato vaginante fere immersa.—Caulis rep-
tans, surculis erectis ramosis. Habitus sciuroideus Leucodontis. Vita arborea, perennis.

64. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

Bridel, who first distinguished Dicnemon from Leucodon, considered it as pleurocarpous ; it is truly acro-
carpous. In the peristome, in the structure of the leaves, and in the form of the capsule, the affinity with Dicranum
is most intimate, and the principal difference consists in the branched creeping habit. In the mode of production
of the male flowers it is further closely connected with Dieranum through D. Sieberianum, twice figured by Schwæg-
richen, once as Sclerodontium pallidum (Leucodon, Hort. Muse. Exot., Aypnoides, Br.), and through Syrrhopodon
Taylori (Hort. Muse. Exot.), which probably belongs to the genus Dicranum, or at least to this group.

1. Dicnemon calycinum, Wils. et Hook.; caule repente, surculis erectis ramosis, ramis teretibus
acutis, foliis imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis concavis abruptinerviis, pericheetialibus vaginantibus, capsula
oblongo-eylindrica curvula strumulosa, operculo e basi conica oblique subulato.—Leucodon calyeinus,
Hook. Muse. Exot.

Has. Northern Island : Bay of Islands, common on limbs of trees, J. D. H. Port Nicholson, Lyall.
Auckland, Knight.

Fructification often truly terminal, but in some cases the presence of innovations makes the fruit appear lateral.
—Calyptra large, inflated below prior to the swelling of the capsule, as in Funaria, roughish at the summit, com-
pletely covering the fruit, half the length of the pericheetium, from which it is but half exserted. Capsule oblique,
unequal (as in most Dierana), tapering below into the pedicel. Male flowers nidulant amongst the leaves of the
fertile stem, their organic origin uncertain, and their occurrence quite irregular, most frequent on stems of advanced

growth.

Gen. X. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, bicrures, transverse articulati, intus trabeculati,
extus strigilosi. Capsula cernua, ovalis, gibba, collo strumoso, operculo longirostri, coriacea, 8-striata,
sicca sulcata.—Folia spongiosa, e cellularum stratibus 2 pluribusve conflata (cellulis quadrato-hexagonis
porosis), enervia, glauca vel albida.

Separated by Hampe, and in ‘ Bryologia Europea, from Dicranum, on account of the peculiar structure and
colour of the leaves. In all other respects the species seem referable to Dicranum.

1. Leucobryum candidum, Hampe; caule erecto ramoso fragili dichotomo, foliis dense imbricatis
erectis vel secundis subfalcatisve ovato-lanceolatis concavis dorso tuberculatis corrugatis, ramulis fructiferis
brevissimis axillaribus numerosis, capsula cernua strumosa sulcata.—Dicranum candidum, Bridel, Br. Un.
Schwagrichen, Suppl. t. 187. Bryum candidum, Dillen. Musc.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, on decayed wood and at the roots of trees; but seldom in fruit.

Variable in size.—Leaves more or less falcate, secund; in exposed dry situations shorter, straighter, more
spreading and subsquarrose [D. brachyphyllum, Hsch. ; Sprengel, Syst. v. 4. p. 3229], always tuberculated at the
back near the apex, the tubercles forming transverse, oblique wrinkles, whence the profile of the leaves is denti-
culate. Fructification usually lateral in appearance, each stem bearing two or more contiguous fertile ramuli, easily
mistaken for perichetia. Such ramuli in an abortive state, bearing archegonia (pistilla), are copiously found on all
the stems.— This Moss, according to Schweegrichen, is monoicous, probably with nidulant male flowers, as in the
preceding. We have as yet only found male flowers on separate (barren) stems in axillary clusters, as in Octo-
blepharum. The capsules, ete., are scarcely different from those of Dicranum (Leucobryum) glaucum.

Gen. XI. DICRANUM, Hedwig, ete. (in part.)

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, basi confluentes, sicci et humidi arcuato-conniventes, lanceolati,
ad medium et ultra in crura duo subulata ineequalia divisi, intus plus minus trabeculati. Capsula plerumque

Musei.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 65

cernua, oblonga, ineequalis. Operculum longirostre, rostro obliquo. Calyptra cucullata.—Folia limbo e cellu-
larum strato unico conflato, nervata. Caules erecti (non repentes), perennes, c@spitosi.

1. Dicranum Zasmanicum, Hook. fil; dioicum, caule elongato erecto, foliis laxiusculis patentibus
lanceolato-oblongis obtusis canaliculatis integerrimis apice concavis evanidinerviis siccitate incurvis crispulis,
capsula erecta turbinata macrostoma, operculo longirostri.— Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 948.

Var. 2; foliis laxioribus latioribus, apice cymbiformibus.

Var. 3; foliis angustatis subulatis crassinerviis (apice recto) haud concavis.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands : Dusky Bay and Jackson's Bay, Zyall. Auckland, Knight. East
Coast, wet cliffs, ete., Colenso.

Closely allied to D. virens, D. pellucidum, and D. squarrosum, growing like the two latter in wet places, and
subject to considerable variation.— Leaves very concave at the apex, which is sometimes slightly reflexed ; colour
variable from pale green to lurid, often reddish-brown, as in the original specimen from Tasmania. Teeth frequently
trifid, but by no means constantly so (as occurs in D. cerviculatum and in other species), large, erect, or spreading
when dry. Male flowers on separate plants. Stem 1 inch long or more. Capsule of firm texture, on a stout pedicel,
z inch long. Operculum with a slender inclined beak larger than the capsule, annulus absent.—Var. 3 is a curious
form, probably growing near running water, and may be compared with an analogous form of Hypnum hispidum.

2. Dicranum vaginatum, Hook.; caule elongato ramoso gracili, foliis remote imbricatis e basi lata
quadrata vaginante lineari-subulatis rigidis crassinerviis subintegris, capsula ovata erectiuscula, operculo
longirostri.— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 141, non Fl. Antarct.

Var. B. clathratum ; foliis luridis, peristomii dentibus perforatis subtrifidis, capsula turbinata.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, wet rocks, falls of Kiri-kiri, ete., J. D. H.

Our specimens agree well with the original in all essential points.—Leaves distant, scarcely altered when dry,
suddenly narrowed from the broad sheathing base into a long, subulato-setaceous, widely patent prolongation, the
squarrose portion of the leaf consisting of the thick predominant nerve, which is slightly toothed at the apex. Teeth
of the peristome longer than in allied species, rough with prominent papille, variously perforated, the articulations
distant and often connecting the divisions. Aumulus none. Capsule more or less erect, ovate or turbinate. Stems
1-2 inches long, slender. Inflorescence dioicous.—Found also in the Andes of Columbia and Colchagua.

D. vaginatum of Fl. Antarct. p. 407, from Hermite Island, proves different, having leaves gradually tapering
from the dilated base, channelled above 3 apex acute, entire; nerve not predominant.

3. Dicranum campylophyllum, Tayl.? “ caule ceespitoso, surculis subsimplicibus erectis, foliis sub-
distantibus, ex oblonga arcte vaginante basi elongate subulatis integerrimis, nervo tenui percursis, apice
flexuoso incurvis; capsula ovata, erecta, subaquali ; operculo rostrato.”—Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 1. p. 281.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Of this Moss little can be determined, belonging as it does to an intricate series of forms closely allied to D.
Schreberi. The description agrees with some examples from the Andes of Quito, in Dr. Jameson’s collection, whence
D. campylophyllum and D. Jamesoni, Taylor, were derived. D. Gayanum, Montagne, is another form of the series,
resembling D. filiforme (vulcanicum, Bridel), and to these must be added D. Guilleminianum and D. aulacocarpum,
Mont. Our Moss has leaves longer, more rigid than D. Schreberi, less suddenly dilated below, with a stronger
nerve, and the capsule, though more or less oblique, is without any appearance of struma. Operculum longer.
Inflorescence dioicous.

4. Dicranum Schreberi, Hedw.; caule breviusculo subsimplici, foliis e basi dilatata vaginante lan-
ceolato-subulatis patentibus siccitate flexuosis canaliculatis subintegris nervo debili percursis, capsula ovato-
oblonga cernua, operculo brevirostri capsule subeequalii—Hedw. Spec. Muse. t. 33. Bridel, Br. Un.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on moist banks, J. D. H. (A native of Britain.)

VOL, II. S

66 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

The perfectly entire margin of the leaf in our specimen is a deviation from the type of the species, and it thus
approaches to D. Grevilleanum, Bryol. Europ. The inflorescence however is dioicous, and the operculum is shortly

rostrate. Found in Britain and throughout Europe.

5. Dicranum dicarpon, Nees; caule robusto dense radiculoso-tomentoso, foliis patulis squarrosis sub-
secundis ex ovato-lanceolato basi linearibus cuspidatis flexuosis striatis solidinerviis strigosis margine dorso-
que argute spinuloso-serratis, setis brevibus geminatis longe vaginatis, capsulis curvatis cernuis, operculo
longirostri.—Sprengl. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 322. Schwegr. Suppl. t. 251.

Var. B. spinosum; caule elatiore, setis aggregatis numerosis (3-8) longioribus.—D. spinosum, Wils.
MSS.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Ship Cove, Lyall. Fast coast, Colenso.

Found in New Holland and Tasmania.

6. Dicranum fasciatum, Hedw.; caule radiculoso-tomentoso, foliis confertis secundis lanceolato-su-
bulatis canaliculatis nervo tenui percursis substriatis apice spinuloso-serratis, pericheetialibus elongatis
vaginantibus longe acuminatis apice setaceis spinulosis, setis brevissimis subgeminatis, capsula subexserta
oblonga curvata substrumosa, operculo longirostri—Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 28 (fig. mala). Bridel, Br. Un.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair, I D. H.

If the specimens are rightly named, Hedwig’s figure and description are very inaccurate, yet they seem to have
been intended to represent our Moss, which is a beautiful species, with glossy, yellowish-green, substriated leaves,
that are shorter and more membranaceous than in the preceding, less strongly serrated, and the nerve narrow and in-
conspicuous (overlooked probably by Hedwig). The pericheetial leaves taper gradually to a setaceous point and fre-
quently overtop the capsules.— Calyptra roughish at the apex. Annulus distinct. Male flowers either nidulant on
the fertile stems, or occasionally on distinct male plants, and then not nidulant, but developed in the normal manner.

7. Dicranum Billardieri, Bridel; caule elato, foliis faleato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis
concavis membranaceis estriatis apice serrulatis, seta longiore, capsula subcylindrica curvata basi strumifera,
operculo longirostri.— Bridel, Br. Un. 1.401. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 121. Fl. Antaret. pp. 199, 407.

Has. Throughout the Islands; common at the roots of trees, forming immense tufts.

This has the leaves wider and more concave below than in the allied species, more membranous, and not stri-
ated when dry; nerve narrow. A native of Tasmania, Lord Auckland’s Island, and Fuegia.

8. Dicranum robustum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule elongato, foliis falcato-secundis longissimis lineari-
lanceolatis setaceo-attenuatis convolutis spinuloso-serrulatis, nervo latiusculo excurrente, perichzetialibus
vaginantibus, capsula cylindracea inclinata curvula stramulosa.—7. Antarct. p. 406. t. 152. f. 8.

Var. 8; capsula suberecta minus curvata, foliis perichzetialibus elongatis sensim acuminatis.

Has. Middle Island: Jackson's Bay, Lyal/.

These and other specimens in an imperfect state induce us now to believe that D. pungens, nob., of Fl. Antarct.
Part I. t. 59. f. 1, is not essentially distinct from robustum, and that the perichzetial leaves vary, no less than the
size, direction, etc., of the capsule, and of the leaves. Lyall’s specimens combine the characters of both, in the leaves
and perichetium, with the peculiarity of an erect, nearly straight capsule. The leaves are more or less setaceo-acu-
minate, sometimes almost capillary at the extremity, more or less evidently serrulate; nerve variable in width, but
always rather narrow and well defined.— A native of Lord Auckland’s Group, Campbell’s Island, Kerguelen’s Land,
and Fuegia.

9. Dicranum setosum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule fragili subramoso, foliis strictis fragilibus suberectis
confertis longissime lanceolato-setaceis apice minute serrulatis nervo latiusculo in aristam longam excurrente,
seta longiuscula, capsula oblonga curvata.—J7. Antaret. p. 129. t. 58.7. 9.

Haz. Middle Island: Port Preservation, Lyall.

etm ~

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 67

Of this a few fragmentary specimens are present. The species is known by the very slender, setiform, fragile
leaves, whose nerve is predominant in the upper half, occupying the whole width of that part. It is a native of
Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell’s Island.

10. Dicranum Menziesii, Tayl.; caule dense radiculoso-tomentoso, foliis confertis secundis subrigidis
basi lanceolatis serrulatis siccitate strictis crassinerviis, seta brevi, capsula oblonga suberecta substrumosa
subexserta, operculo longirostri.— 7477. in Phytologist, 2. p. 1094. Fl. Antarct. 4. 128. t. 58. f. 4.

Var. B. rigidum ; folis rigidioribus minus confertis nigro-viridibus patulis subfalcatis, caule robustiore.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, common: Dusky Bay, Menzies. :

Stem densely tomentose, with whitish, fibrous radicles, producing male nidulant flowers. Leaves yellowish-green,
silky, crowded, setaceous ; nerve thick and strong, prominent, very conspicuous in a dry state, by which the species
is readily distinguished from D. setosum and its allies. Found also in Lord Auckland’s Group.

ll. Dicranum Sieberianum, Hornsch.; caule ramoso fastigiato, foliis falcatis convoluto-canaliculatis
ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis superioribus piliferis tenuissime pellucido-marginatis dorso papillosis calycinis
vaginatis piliferis, capsula longe pedunculata ovali cernua parva, operculo longirostrii—Schwagr. Suppl.
£. 252. Leucodon pallidus, Hook. Muse. Exot.

Var. 8; foliis siccitate appressis vix undulatis dorso subleevibus.

Has. Northern Islands: Bay of Islands, Cunningham. Var. B, in muddy places on rocks, J. D. H.

Colour yellowish. The var. 8. not unlike a Bartramia.—Leaves entire, not serrated as described by Schweeg-

richen.

Gen. XII. DICRANODONTIUM, Bryol. Europ.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, lineari-lanceolati, remotius articulati, infra medium vel ad basin usque
bifidi; crura inzequalia, subulata. Capsula in pedicello arcuato demissa, eequalis, vix striata. Operculum
oblique subulatum, annulo angusto persistente, Calyptra cucullata, levis, haud basi fimbriata.—Habitus
Dicranoideus. Folia bast vaginantia, dilatata ; nervo lato dorso lavi predominante.

This group partakes much of the habit and character of Campylopus, differing in the absence of fringe to the
calyptra, and in the want of lamelliform ridges on the nerve at the back of the leaf.

1. Dicranodontium proseriptum, Hornsch.; caule gracili simplici, foliis secundis remotiusculis e basi
dilatata vaginante capillaceis rigidis crassinerviis integerrimis, seta arcuata, capsula elliptica siccitate sub-
striata, operculo rostrato.—Cynodon proscriptus, Hornsch. in Hor. Ber. Didymodon proscriptus, Bridel,
Bryol. Univ. Dicranum rostratum, Arnott in Herb. Hook. Campylopus capillaceus, Hook. fil. et Wils. in
Lond. Journ. Bot.

Var. 8; elatior, foliis distantibus squarroso-patulis flexuosis basi vaginante subrotundis magis dilatatis
vaginantibus, nervo solido excurrente semitereti, capsula inzequali substrumosa siccitate striata.

Var. y; caule humili, foliis confertis falcato-secundis, capsula ut in var. B.—Dicranum flexifolium,
Schwagr. Suppl. t. 185? (non Hook. Muse. Exot.)

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

This Moss, abundant in St. Helena, is very variable, and it is only after attentive examination that the above
varieties, different as they are in aspect, are here treated as forms of one species. "They agree especially in the teeth
being marked with fine longitudinal strize, as in Zrematodon.—Annulus large and distinct. Capsule faintly striated
when dry. Seta curved when moist, straight when dry. Calyptra quite destitute of fringe. Inflorescence dioicous.
Campylopus humilis, Mont. (Cent. 5. 39), from Brazil, must be different from the above, which seems to occur also

on the Neilgherrie Mountains in the Peninsula of India.

68 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Musei.

Gen. XIII. CAMPYLOPUS, Bridel.

Peristomium ut in Dicranis heteromallis. Capsula in pedicello arcuato inter folia comalia (superiora)
demissa, ovalis, æqualis vel gibba, striata; operculo oblique rostrato. Annulus duplex, revolubilis. Calyptra
cucullata, basi fimbriata.— Fructus sepius aggregati. Folia nervo lato inconspicuo dorso plus minus lamel-
lato predominante instructa, plerunque lanceolato-setacea. Florescentia dioica.

The fringed calyptra and arcuate seta distinguish the group from Dicranum; and even in a barren state the
structure of the leaves presents an obvious differential character.

1. Campylopus Zeptodus, Montagne; caule prolifero, ramis fasciculatis, foliis lanceolato-subulatis
strictis pilo brevi albo denticulato terminatis, comalibus recurvis, pedunculis aggregatis (singulo pericheetio
cireumdatis) flexuosis, capsula oblonga recta levi basi vix tuberculata, operculo subulato, calyptra basi
fimbriata apice exasperata, peristomii dentibus tenuibus fere ad basin bifidis, cruribus gracillimis longissimis
subpapillosis.—Montagne in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1845, Cent. 5.40. C. leptocarpus, Wils. MSS.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

The specimens are doubtingly named, and the description is abridged from that of Dr. Montagne. The erect,
smooth, subcylindrical capsules, and the erect, obscurely white-tipped leaves, are remarkable. It is closely allied to
Didymodon gracile, Hook. (Muse. Exot.), which is a Campylopus, but in that the capsule is oblique, and the leaves
are appressed and not white-tipped.

2. Campylopus zanthophyllus, Mont. ; caule prolifero apice capitato-incrassato, foliis confertis lanceo-
lato-subulatis canaliculatis siccitate strictis pilo denticulato albo terminatis nervo latissimo percursis, pe-
dunculis aggregatis, capsula ineequali substrumosa.— Mont. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1845, Cent. 5. 41.

Has. Middle Island: Akaroa, Raoul. Dusky Bay, Lyall.

Named by the description only.—Specimens variable: some have erect yellowish leaves, in others the dry
leaves are somewhat recurved and dark green, the stems densely tomentose with rust-red radicles as in the British
C. flexuosus, from which it chiefly differs in the white tips of the leaves. The yellow state resembles C. strictus,
Tayl. MSS., from St. Helena, but that is not white-tipped. ©. atrovirens, Bryol. Europ., may not be specifically
different from our Moss.

3. Campylopus pallidus, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule breviusculo simplici, foliis confertis suberectis e
basi lanceolato-ovata subulato-setaceis pilo albo spinuloso terminatis nervo latissimo spongioso percursis
cellulis laxis, pedunculis aggregatis crassis, capsula subpyriformi pallida pachyderma siccitate suleata ore
purpureo, operculo brevirostri, calyptra brevi fimbriata. (Tas. LXXXIV. Fig. 3.)

Haz. Northern Island: Hast Coast and Auckland, Colenso, Sinclair.

Very nearly allied to C. fragilis, Bryol. Europ. (a var. of C. densus of that work), having the same lax, spongy
texture of the leaves, but the nerve is wider and more completely predominant, the peduncles much thicker and
stronger, the operculum and calyptra very short, the capsule symmetrical, pyriform, pachydermous, strongly furrowed
and cylindrical when dry, pale, except the dark purple mouth and peristome.—Leaves very pale green or whitish, of
very soft texture, the upper lamina constituting the nerve with large cellules (as seen in a section).—Our New Zea-
land Moss, with white-tipped setaceous leaves, is probably a variety : the more typical form of the species may be
assumed to be that gathered by Dr. Jameson in the Andes of Quito, with leaves shorter, less setaceous, destitute of
white terminations, but in other respects agreeing with our New Zealand specimens, especially in the thick peduncles
and in the operculum, which is shorter than the capsule-—Dicranum nodosum, P. Beauv., is most closely allied
to our Moss in the leaves, but differs in habit.—PrATE LXXXIV. Fig. 3 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, portion of
plants, magnified ; 3, capsule; 4, operculum; 5, calyptra; 6, leaf :—all magnified.

1

AMusci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 69

4. Campylopus clavatus, Br.; caule dichotomo fasciculato, foliis lanceolato-acuminatis piliferis so-
lidinerviis strictis aureis, capsula pendula striata.—Schwagrichen, Suppl. t. 255 a.

Has. Middle Island, Lyall; barren specimen.

Our specimen is much allied to C. introfleaus, but has leaves with very short white tips, not suddenly deflexed
as in that species. Also a Tasmanian Moss.

5. Campylopus ¿ntroflexus, Hedw.; caule erecto ramoso, foliis imbricatis e basi lata concava marginibus
pellucida acuminato-lanceolatis piliferis, nervo lato, pilo spinuloso divaricato, capsula obovata insequali.—
Hedwig, Sp. Muse. t. 29. Bridel, Bryol. Univ.

Has. Northern Island; clay hills, common.

Remarkable for the geniculate deflection of the white, rough, hair-like terminations of the} leaves, which are
suddenly contracted at the bent part from the lanceolate base ; nerve broad and well defined below; areola of the mar-
ginal portion of the leaf narrow, elongated, and pellucid. This species seems to be frequent in the Southern Hemi-
sphere, and no doubt variable.— Dicranum pudicum, Hornsch., probably belongs to this; a variety with wider leaves
(barren) was gathered in New Zealand by Dr. Lyall.

6. Campylopus dicolor, Hornsch. ; foliis confertis strictis lanceolato-subulatis obtusis apice concavis.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

This Moss appears to be rare, and is described from barren specimens, remarkable for the blunt, concave apices
of the leaves, blackest in the lower part of the stem, glossy green above; nerve broad.

Gen. XIV. TREMATODON, Richard.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, lanceolati, in crura duo inzequalia fissi, articulati, strigillati et
granulati. Calyptra inflato-cucullata. ^ Capsula apophysi longa attenuata instructa, cernua, oblonga,
annulata. Operculum longirostre.— Habitus Dicranoideus.. Folia angusta.

l. Trematodon Jongicollis, Rich.; foliis subulato-setaceis siccitate flexuosis, pericheetialibus longis-
simis, capsula elongata cernua apophysi basi subcerviculata multo longiore, operculo conico rostellato.—
Richard in Michaue Flor. Amer. Boreal. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 190? Bridel.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, on moist clay banks, J. D. H. Wellington,
Lyall.

Two forms: one with leaves gradually tapering to an acute apex; the other with linear, abrupt leaves, den-
ticulate at the apex; nerve thiek, predominant. Schwægrichen’s figure represents the leaves much too short and
erect. Found in North and South America, and in the East Indies, Hongkong, and Java.

Tribe V. TRICHOSTOMES.

Gen. XV. TORTULA, Schreb.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 32, longissimi, filiformes, sinistrorsum contorti, hygroscopici, basi
membrana brevi vel in tubum producta coaliti. Capsula erecta, oblonga, annulata. Operculum conico-
subulatum, oblique rostratum.

Nearly allied in habit to Zrichostomum, but having the teeth of the peristome evidently contorted, and com-
posed of two differently coloured laminæ. ;

1. Tortula chloronotos, Brid.; caule brevissimo subsimplici, foliis imbricatis late ovatis concavis
piliferis margine reflexo, nervo filamentoso gemmiparo, capsula elliptico-oblonga.— Bridel, Bryol. Univ.
£. 589. Bryol. Europ.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

VOL. II. T

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jl
in

70 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musct.

Entire plant about i inch long, more dwarfish than T. membranifolia (Hook. Muse. Exot.) ; leaves of softer
texture, with opaque cells (not pellucid and colourless), their margins slightly reflexed: they agree however in the
monoicous inflorescence, and the gemma-like mass of short filaments attached to the nerve in the cavity of the leaf
is the same in both.—Found in the Pyrenees and in Sardinia.

2. Tortula torquata, Taylor; folis confertis erecto-patentibus siccitate spiraliter arcteque contortis
lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis margine revolutis, nervo valido subexcurrente, capsula erecta oblonga,
operculo subulato.—Taylor in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 5. p. 50.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Nearly allied to the British T. unguiculata, but the leaves gradually tapering, acute, revolute or strongly recurved
in the margin and the nerve, scarcely excurrent.—Found in Australia (Swan River).

3. Tortula Australasia, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule breviusculo subsimplici, foliis lineari-lanceolatis
acutis patente-recurviusculis siccitate crispis tortilibus carinatis margine subreflexis nervo rubello percursis,
capsula ovato-cylindracea, operculo brevi-rostrato.— Trichostomum Australasie, Hook. et Grev. in Brewst.
Journ. Se. v. 1. p. 801. t. 19. Tortula rufiseta, Taylor in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 5. p. 51.

Var. B ; foliis obtusis latioribus subligulatis.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Colenso, dJ. D. HM.

Remarkable for its red setæ and the reddish hue of the foliage, in which, and in the form and texture of the
leaves, it much resembles Didymodon rubellus, but the inflorescence is dioicous. The teeth of the peristome, though
oblique, as in some other species of Trichoslomum, are not obviously contorted, and it is thought best, after careful
examination of the original specimens, to remove it to this genus.— Variable in the width and bluntness of the
leaves, and in some states nearly approaching to the next species. Also found in Australia.

4. Tortula cespitosa, Schweegr.; monoica, foliis confertis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis mucronatis
margine planis undulatis siccitate crispato-tortilibus, nervo pellucido, capsula oblongo-cylindrica pallida,
opereulo subulato, floribus masculis axillaribus gemmzeformibus pedicellatis.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 120.
Barbula cirrhata, Bridel, Bryol. Europ. (non T. ceespitosa, Hook. et Grev.)

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Colenso, J..D.H.

A tall branched form of the species (much resembling T. tortuosa, but differing essentially in the monoicous
inflorescence), with leaves more tapering than in the typical North American specimens, occurs in the New Zealand
collection, in company with the ordinary form.

5. Tortula calycina, Schwegr.; caule brevissimo subramoso, foliis lanceolatis subundulatis margine
planis crassinerviis pericheetialibus elongatis vaginantibus, seta longissima, capsula suberecta elliptico-oblonga,
operculo longissimo subulato.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 119. Bridel. T. flexuosa, var.P Hook. Muse. Exot.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J.D. H., Colenso. Auckland, Knight.

The long, slender setee, with the sheathing pericheetium, and neat, small capsule, are remarkable.— The original
specimens of T. fleanosa, from the Cape of Good Hope, have the leaves tapering and acute from a broader base, more
erect and not obviously undulated, but in all essential characters they seem to be the same species. Also found in
Australia and Tasmania.

Hook. et Grev.; caule elongato subramoso, foliis lanceolatis carinatis acuminatis
a.—Hook. et Grev. in

6. Tortula serrulata,
apice serrulatis margine plano, nervo valido subexcurrente, capsula cylindracea inclinat
Brewst. Journ. Sc. v. 1. p. 299. tab. 12.

Haz. Northern Island: shores of Waikare Lake, Colenso.

Colour of foliage orange-brown. Peristome united below into a tube. Margin of leaf plane above, but reflexed

near the base.—Dioicous? Said to be found in Fuegia.

lm piemonte

“oor remem

A A LEA

——

V. Ja: NN

Mn oe

AMusci.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 71

7. Tortula Mülleri, Bruch et Schimp.; hermaphrodita, caule elongato dense folioso radiculoso-
tomentoso, foliis imbricato-patentibus rectis imbricatis siccitate imbricatis oblongo-ovatis obtusis concavis
margine reflexis costa purpurea in pilum subspinulosum canum excedente, capsula cylindrica subarcuata.—
Bryol. Europ.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: shores of Waikare Lake, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.
Port Cooper, Zyall. :

Foliage usually reddish. The bisexual inflorescence is not constant, but certainly present in our specimens.
Base of peristome tubular. Leaves less spreading than in the common British species 7. ruralis, to which it is nearly
allied.—Found in Europe, and in the Falkland Islands.

8. Tortula mnioides? Schwegr.; foliis laxe imbricatis patulis siccitate crispis undulatis ovato-lanceo-
latis acuminatis pellucido-marginatis.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 810.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Specimens few and barren, referred with doubt to T. mnioides, which we have not scen.—Leaves much
crisped and patulous when dry, distant, yellowish, of firm texture, very acute, and somewhat gemmiferous at the
apex.— Approaches Syrrhopodon fasciculatus in aspect, but may easily be mistaken for a species of Mnium.

Gen. XVI. DESMATODON, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, bi-trifidi, crura tetragona, remote articulata, granulosa, plerumque
articulationibus singulis connexa, humida, erecta, sicca incurva vel sinistrorsum subconvoluta; paullisper
hygroscopica. Calyptra cucullata.— Habitus Trichostomi. Florescentia monoica: fl. mas. axillaris, gem-
maformis.

An imperfectly defined genus, intermediate between Tortula and Trichostomum.

1. Desmatodon nervosus, Bruch et Schimp.; caule humili, foliis patentibus siccitate convolutis
ovali-oblongis apiculatis concavis margine revoluto-reflexis, nervo valido superne incrassato excurrente,
capsula ovali erecta exannulata, operculo suboblique conico-rostellato, peristomii dentibus inzequalibus.—
Bryol. Europ. Didymodon nervosus, Hook. et Tayl. Trichostomum convolutum, Brid.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (A native of Britain.)

This Moss, remarkable for the thickened nerve, varies much in the peristome, which is sometimes wholly absent
or (at the Cape of Good Hope, ete.) with the teeth evidently twisted, in which state it has been described as a
Tortula (see Musc. Exot.). Found in Europe and North America. Frequent on the sea-coast.

Gen. XVII. TRICHOSTOMUM, Hedw., Brid. (ex parte.)

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 32, plus minus perfecti, per paria approximati, filiformes, tetragoni,
granulosi, crebre articulati, intorti (gemelli insequales et sepe trabeculis plus minus connexi). Capsula
oblonga, erecta. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia monoica vel dioica : fl. mas. gemmaformis.

1. Trichostomum Zingulatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule brevissimo, foliis patentibus confertis ovato-
lingulatis obtusis subflaccidis evanidinerviis carinatis siccitate erectis, seta brevi, capsula rotundo-ovata
erecta, operculo conico-subulato. (Tas. LXXXIV. Fig. 4.)

Var. 8; foliis longioribus, capsula subcylindrica, operculo longius rostrato.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Var. B, Colenso.

A more dwarfish species than the preceding, and of pallid hue.—Leaves rounded and obtuse at the apex, more
flaccid, very slightly reflexed in the margin, areole rather larger. Inflorescence dioicous, and annulus wanting in

72 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

both species. Differs essentially from Didymodon splachnifolius, Hook. (Muse. Exot.), and from the supposed var.
Weissia flaccida, Harvey, in the peristome and operculum. Desmatodon amblyophyllus, Montagne, is described
with spathulate leaves and excurrent nerve, and is otherwise unlike our plant. An ambiguous form of this, found at
East Cape by Dr. Sinclair, approaches to T. Australasie in the leaves, but has a short capsule.—PrATE LXXXIV.
Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, seta and calyptra; 3, immature, and 4, mature capsule ; 5, portion of peristome ;
6, 7, leaves :—all magnified.

2. Trichostomum phewm, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule breviusculo, foliis erecto-patentibus rigidiusculis
lanceolato-oblongis carinatis acutis integerrimis siccitate crispulis margine planis opacis, nervo continuo
pellucido, capsula oblonga erecta, perist. dentibus membrana basilari connexis. (Tas. LXXXIV. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: shores of Waikare Lake, Colenso.

Specimens few and imperfeet.—Foliage purplish-brown, of rather thick texture, more opaque than the con-
tinuous nerve, somewhat concave or conduplicate at the apex, elsewhere carinate, entire. Peristome defective,
teeth oblique, as in Tortula. Operculum (found loose) rather short.—Trichostomum Schimpert, Mont. Cent. 5, 37,
seems to be allied, but has obtuse leaves and the nerve discontinued.—PrATE LXXXIV. Fig. 5 :—1, plants-of
natural size; 2, capsule; 3, portion of peristome; 4, leaf; 5, apex of ditto :—all magnified.

3. Trichostomum mutabile, Bruch; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subcarinatis alis subundulatis siccitate
crispatis mucronatis margine subplanis, capsula ovali, operculo longe rostrato, annulo nullo, peristomii valde
mutabilis dentibus brevissimis insequalibus.—Bryol. Europ. Trichostomum brachydontium, Bruch.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. (A native of England.)

This Moss is usually found near the sea-coast in Britain, and is rare in fruit. The leaves approach those of
Tortula cespitosa, but their texture is less fragile. The often abortive peristome renders it difficult at times to
distinguish this from Gymnostomum tortile.

4. Trichostomum strictum ? Bruch; foliis erecto-patentibus strictis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis costa
crassa excurrente mucronatis.—Bryol. Europ.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Barren specimens only, intermixed with T. lingulatum, referred very dubiously as above.—Leaves yellowish,
rather distant, erect and incurved when dry; margin plane.

5. Trichostomum Jongifolium, Brid.; caule erecto ramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus subse-
cundis e basi lanceolata subulato-setaceis solidinerviis apice subdenticulatis, capsula erecta subcylindrica.—
Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 1. p. 496? Didymodon, FV. Antarct. p. 408.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Wairarapa Valley, Auckland, Knight.

Our specimens, few and incomplete, differ from those from Hermite Island, and described in the * Flora
Antarctica,’ in the shorter stem, the more elongated capsule, and the light green lax foliage ; but we find no essential
difference. —Inflorescence monoicous, as in T. pallidum, to which it is allied, but has more setaceous leaves, and the
nerve is thick and predominant.—A native of Fuegia.

6. Trichostomum Zawifolium, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule brevissimo simplici, foliis distantibus e basi
ovata amplexicauli longissime subulato-setaceis patulis flexuosis solidinerviis canaliculatis integerrimis,
capsula oblonga subobliqua, operculo conico-subulato.—Dicranum flexifolium, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 144.
Didymodon angustatus, Wils. MSS.

Haz. Northern Island; clay hills: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso.

A change of the specific name is requisite, to avoid confusion.— Leaves very similar in form to those of the next
species, but more distant and patulous. Inflorescence monoicous. -Annulus distinct. Capsule gibbous on one side,
suberect, narrower towards the mouth. Nerve of leaf predominant above, ill-defined at the base.—Found at the
Cape of Good Hope. Didymodon cirrhifolium, Mont., from the Neilgherries, is scarcely different.

Besa iniit eli Se a ene

mem meme

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 73

7. Trichostomum setosum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; foliis confertis erecto-patentibus strictis e basi parum
dilatata setaceis carinatis integerrimis, nervo lato continuo, capsula oblonga obliqua ore coarctato, operculo
conico-subulato. (Tas. LXXXIV. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso, Dr. Sinclair.

Closely allied to the preceding.—Leaves more setaceous, crowded, very little dilated below, sharply carinate to
the apex, lower ones reddish. Inflorescence, ete., as in the preceding.—The same Moss, as we suppose, is found in
Chili. A variety with more spreading leaves occurs in New Zealand (Colenso), approaching in aspect to T. lawifo-
tium.—PuatE LXXXIV. Fig. 6 :—1, plant, of natural size; 2, immature, and 3, mature capsules; 4, operculum ;
5, peristome; 6, leaf; 7, apex of ditto :—all magnified.

|. 8. Trichostomum Suscescens, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, tenellum, foliis laxis ligulatis canaliculatis
obtusiusculis patentibus arcuato-inflexis siccitate tortilibus, nervo subcontinuo, areolis superne minutissime
granulosis subpapillatis, capsula elliptica vix annulata, operculo conico-rostrato, peristomii dentibus scabri-
usculis membrana basilari connexis. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 1.)
Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, with Bryum duriusculum, J. D. H.

Allied to T. inflevum, Br. et Sch., but differing in the peristome and in the obtuse granulated leaves not inflexed
at the margin.—PraATE LXXXV. Fig. 1:—1, plants, natural size ; 2, young capsule ; 3, ripe capsule; 4, operculum ;
5, calyptra; 6, 7, leaves :—all magnified.

Gen. XVIII. DISTICHIUM, Bruch et Schimp.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, sub oris margine liberi, «equidistantes, lineares seu lineari-lanceo-
lati, articulati, linea media ad basin producta, integri vel pertusi, hic illic bicrures, cruribus incompletis
seepius perforatis. Capsula oblonga, annulata. Opereulum conicum, breve. Calyptra cucullata.— Folia
disticha, basi vaginantia, setacea.

1. Distichium capillaceum, Bruch et Sch. ; dense ceespitosum, foliis e basi lanceolata vaginante seta-
ceis patentibus solidinerviis canaliculatis subintegris—Bryol. Europ. Swartzia capillacea, Hedw. Didy-
modon capillaceus, Hook. et Tayl. ete.

Haz. Middle Island: Otago, Lyall.

Barren specimens with leaves much crowded and obscurely distichous, referred here with doubt. If correctly
named, it is found all over Europe and North and South America. |

Gen. XIX. DIDYMODON, Bruch et Schimp.

Peristomium pro capsule longitudine breve, simplex. Dentes 16, lineari-lanceolati, secus lineam me-
dium integri vel pertusi et bifidi, tenerrimi, fugacissimi. Capsula, etc. ut in Trichostomo.

The separation of Didymodon, as a genus, from Trichostomum, seems to be questionable, but according to Bruch
and Schimper is characterized as a natural group by the tender fugacious peristome, which resembles that of Ana-
calyptra or of Dermatodon, rather than of Trichostomum, with which it agrees in habit.

1, Didymodon papillatus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; laxe cespitosus, caule elongato rigidulo subramoso,
ramis erectis filiformibus, foliis trifariis patenti-recurvis ovato-lanceolatis acuminulatis carinatis subsolidi-
nerviis integerrimis utrinque papillatis perichetialibus convolutis, capsula oblonga erecta, operculo conico-
subulato. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Coleuso (barren).

Agreeing with fertile specimens from Swan River, Australia.—Stems about an inch long, slender, but rather

rigid and brittle. Leaves yellowish (reddish in age), distinctly trifarious, when dry erect and subsecund, papillose
VOL, II, U

74 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musei.

at the back and upper surface, margin recurved below, plane above. Seta pale. Capsule small, contracted at the
mouth, twice as long as the operculum; annulus small, indistinct. Teeth of peristome sixteen, irregular, sometimes
cloven, here and there interlaced. Dioicous?—Owing to the growth of innovations, it is difficult to ascertain the
terminal position of the fruit. The species is allied to D. flezifolius, Bryol. Europ.—l1t is found also in South
Africa, bearing fruit (Zeyher).—PLATE LXXXV. Fig. 2:—1, plant, natural size; 2, unripe capsule; 3, stem and
leaves; 4, 5, leaves; 6, transverse section of leaves :—all magnified.

Gen. XX. CERATODON, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, lanceolati, ad basin fere bicrures, cruribus eequalibus subulatis,
basi dense superne remote articulati, articulationibus prominulis, humiditate conniventes, siccitate spiraliter
incurvi. Capsula suberecta, oblonga, collo brevi, striata, sicca angulosa, pachyderma. Annulus duplex,
revolubilis. Opereulum conico-rostratum. Calyptra cucullata.— Habitus inter Dicranoideum et Trichosto-
moideum ludens.

This group resembles Trichostomum in foliage and mode of growth, but in the peristome and configuration of
the capsule is more allied to Dieranum.

1. Ceratodon purpureus, Brid.; ceespitosus, caule dichotome ramoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis mar-
gine reflexis carinatis integerrimis dorso papillatis patentibus siccitate subtortilibus laxe incurvis, nervo
subexcurrente, perichetialibus vaginantibus acuminatis, capsula oblonga subincurva striata strumulosa
siccitate cernua subhorizontali, operculo conico, peristomii dentibus in membrana basilari sat producta
bifidis margine pallidioribus.—Bryol. Univ. v. 1. p. 480. Bryol. Europ. Dicranum purpureum, Hedw.
Didymodon purpureus, Hook. ef Tayl.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, abundant. (A native of England.)

Common in all parts of the world, and variable in size and aspect, but easily recognized by the elongated,
curved, furrowed or angular capsule, with a short struma at the base. Two closely allied species (if not varieties)
are indicated by M. Schimper.— C. stenocarpus, from the East Indies, and C. Corsicus, the latter having the perichee-
tial leaves obtuse, and the teeth of the peristome papillose.

Tribe VI. GRIMMIZ.
Gen. XXI. SCHISTIDIUM, Bridel (ex parte), Bruch et Schimp.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, majusculi, lanceolati, transverse articulati, linea media nulla,
superne cribrosi, granulosi, subhygroscopici. Columella una-cum operculo delabens. Capsula immersa,
obovata, macrostoma, levis, pedicello brevissimo. Operculum depresso-convexum, mamillatum vel brevi-
rostellatum. Annulus subnullus. Calyptra parvula, conica, basi dilatata lacera. FVorescentia monoica,
flos masc. gemmeformis.—Musci acrocarpi, pulvinato-caspitosi, perennes, rupincole ; folis lanceolatis,

confertis.

1. Schistidium apocarpum, Bruch et Schimp.; laxe ceespitosum, foliis ex erecta basi patentibus ovato-
lanceolatis margine reflexis apiculo hyalino instructis, nervo evanido, perichztialibus latioribus tenuinerviis,
capsula elliptica pachyderma (immersa) exannulata.—Bryol. Europ. Grimmia apocarpa, Auctorum.

Var. 1; foliis apiculo brevissimo obtusiusculis.

Var. 2; foliis muticis angustioribus fusco-luteis. Grimmia alpicola, Auct.

Has. Northern Island. Var. 1. Banks of Waitangi, J. D. H. Var. 9. Shores of Waikare Lake,
Colenso. (A native of England.)

Found also in Europe, and North and South America.

Musei. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 75

Gen. XXII. GRIMMIA, Auet.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, majusculi, lanceolati, extus convexiusculi, transverse trabeculati, cri-
brosi, simplices vel apice bi-trifidi, siccitate patuli vel erecto-recurvi. Columella in sporangium recedens.
Capsula exserta, pedicellata, ovalis oblongave, symmetrica, annulata, levis vel striata. Operculum conico-
rostratum vel convexum et mamillatum. Calyptra mitreeformis, basi quinqueloba, erecta, vel latere fissa
et obliqua, infra operculum producta. Florescentia monoica vel dioica: fl. masc. gemmeeformis.—Musci
perennes, rupestres, nunc pulvinati, nunc caspitulos compactos irregulares eficientes, pre celeris monticola.
Foliorum reticulatio densa: areole punctiformes, basi elongate, diaphane, marginem versus quadrata.

1. Grimmia pulvinata, Hook. et Tayl.; dense pulvinata, foliis lanceolato-oblongis superne carinatis
repente piliferis evanidinerviis margine recurvo, capsula in pedicello arcuato demissa ovali striata, calyptra
mitreeformi, annulo magno, operculo rostrato.—Muscol. Brit. Dryptodon, Brid. Dicranum, Schwegr.
Trichostomum, Web. et Mohr. Fissidens, Hedw.

Var. B. Africana ; humilior, capsula breviore, operculo conico mamillato brevissimo, dentibus breviori-
bus.—Fissidens pulvinatus, var. 8. Africanus, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 40. G. cygnicolla, Taylor.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Auckland, Knight. (A native of England.)

A native of South Africa, Australia, and Europe; liable, on account of the short operculum, to be confounded
with G. orbicularis, Bryol. Europ., which is a more delicate Moss, with a dimidiate calyptra and a cribrose peristome.

2. Grimmia trichophylla, Grev.; laxe pulvinata, foliis lineari-lanceolatis flexuosis sensim in pilo dia-
phano sublevi attenuatis siccitate crispulis, capsula in pedicello cygneo subpendula ovali striata siccitate
angulosa, operculo conico-rostrato, annulo lato, peristomii dentibus bifidis.—Greville, Scot. Crypt. Flora,
é. 100. Hook. et Tayl.

Has. Middle Island: Ship Cove and Port Cooper, Lyall. (A native of England.)

The gradually tapering leaves readily distinguish this from the preceding species. It is found in Britain, and
throughout Europe, Asia Minor, North America, and Chili (Bertero). .

Gen. XXIII. RACOMITRIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, bi-trifidi, crura nunc filiformia, longissima, ad basin usque libera, nunc
breviora, lineari-subulata, inzequalia, irregulariter coalita. Capsula in pedicello strictiuseulo exserta, elliptica
oblongave, levis, ore angustata, annulata. Operculum conico-subulatum. Calyptra conico-mitreformis,
ad apicem subulata, basi membranacea pluries fissa, apice solido papillosa, operculum tegens.— Florescentia
dioica. Folia evanidinervia, carinata, margine recurvo : reticulatio ex areolis superne quadratis vel elongato-
sinuosis, inferne longioribus angustis valde sinuosis. Musci speciosi, cespitosi, perennes. Habitus a Grim-
mioideo ad Hypnoideum Zransitionem mentiens. Habitatio terrestris et rupestris.

1. Drypropon.— Plante dichotome ramose, innovationibus simplicibus fastigiatis.

1. Racomitrium (Dryptodon) erispulus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; foliis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis ovato-
oblongis acuminatis carinatis margine basi reflexo apice subdiaphanis, nervo percurrente, seta perbrevi, cap-
sula elliptico-oblonga, operculo conico-subulato, peristomii dentibus bifidis siccitate reflexis.— F7. Antarct.
2. 194. t 57. f. 9.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Found also in Campbell’s Island and Kerguelen's Land.

2. Racomitrium (Dryptodon) rupestris, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis carinatis

76 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Muses.

margine recurvo evanidinerviis, seta brevi, capsula elliptico-oblonga pachyderma, operculo conico subulato.
— Pl. Antarct. 409. t. 152. f. 1. R. convolutum, Mont. ? Cent. 5. 58.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Leaves shorter than in the preceding, not piliferous, margin more recurved. Capsule larger and of firmer tex-
ture, more deeply coloured.—R. convolutum, Mont., we have not seen, but it is probably not distinct. Grimmia di-
dyma, Mont. Cent. 5. 59, also from Chili, has the margin of the leaf revolute and a different peristome, as described ;
but the reticulation of the leaf appears to be that of Racomitrium.—This is also found at Cape Horn.

3. Racomitrium (Dryptodon) protensus, Braun; folis undique patentibus vel subsecundis elongato-
lanceolatis muticis siccitate appressis, perichsetialibus subvaginantibus, seta longiore, capsula subcylindrica,
dentibus longiusculis irregulariter fissis—Bryol. Europ. R. cataractarum, Braun, in Bridel Bryol. Univ.
R. aquaticum, Brided.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (A native of England.)

Found in Britain and throughout Europe: Hermite Island, Cape Horn, Falkland Islands. A more robust
species than the preceding, with leaves more appressed when dry.

2, Racomirrium.—Plante irregulariter ramose, ramulis lateralibus brevibus ramose, innovationibus haud fastigiatis.

4. Racomitrium fasciculare, Brid.; caule fasciculato-ramoso, ramis subfastigiatis insequalibus, foliis
patenti-recurvis elongato-lanceolatis muticis carinatis margine reflexis areolis omnibus elongato-sinuosis,
capsula oblongo-ovali, operculo subulato, calyptra superne papillosa, peristomil dentibus ad basin bifidis,
cruribus subequalibus anguste lineari-subulatis nodosis, annulo latissimo.—Bryol. Univ. Bryol. Europ.

Trichostomum, Hedw., Hook. et Tayl.
Var.; caule gracili, foliis secundis acutis apice subdiaphano serrulato, perichetialibus intimis obtusis

vaginantibus, calyptra minore inferne subplicata apice minus papillosa.—R. fasciculare, var. 2, FI. Antaret.
p. 402.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Port Nicholson and Bligh's Sound, Lyall. (A native of
Britain.)

This species is distributed throughout Europe and North America; the var. is found at Hermite Island.—The
New Zealand specimens have leaves more secund, more acute, and of closer texture than in the variety from Hermite
Island. Both have the teeth of the peristome granulose, wider at the base, and more regularly formed than shown
in the figure in Bryol. Europ., and the articulations wider apart. The small pale calyptra and blunt sheathing peri-
chxtial leaves are remarkable. It may however prove a distinct species. The subplicate calyptra connects Racomi-
trium very closely with Plychomitrium of Bryol. Europ.

5. Racomitrium /anuginosum, Brid.; caule elongato ramuloso, foliis erecto-patentibus lanceolatis acu-
minatis apice hyalino eroso-dentatis et granulosis, capsula minuta ovata in pedicello breviore tuberculoso
erecta, dentium bifidorum cruribus filiformibus.— Bryo/. Univ. Bryol. Europ. Trichostomum, Hedw.
Hook. et Tayl.

Var. pruinosum ; foliis valde incanis acumine hyalino longiore argutius spinoso-serrato.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. :

The variety pruinosum has not been found in fruit; it may prove to be a distinct species. Serratures of the
apex of the leaf larger, spinulose, erect, not spreading.—It is found in Great Britain and Europe, North America,

Hermite Island, Falkland Island, Tasmania.

Tribe VII. OrTHOTRICHEZ.
Gen. XXIV. SCHLOTHEIMIA, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes sedecim per paria approximati, extrorsum revoluti: interius,

Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 77

lacinie sedecim pluresve irregulares, erectz, in conum conniventes. Calyptra conico-mitreformis, apice
plus minus scabra papillosave, ceterum levis, basi appendicibus quatuor pluribusque convergentibus
primo ortu introflexis coalitis. Capsula subcylindrica, erecta, levis vel sulcata, exannulata. Operculum
conico-subulatum.—Folia multifaria, oblonga, areolis circularibus discretis punctiformibus. Color Zutes-
cens, brunneus vel ferrugineus, sape quasi deustus. Sedes in arboribus. Caulis repens, surculis erectis,
confertis, ut in Macromitrio.

For remarks on the genus, see Fl. Antarct. p. 126. The calyptra differs essentially from that of Maeromitrium.

1. Schlotheimia Brownii, Schweegr. ; foliis lingulatis obtusiusculis cuspidulatis erecto-patentibus laxi-
usculis siccitate tortilibus, capsula striata, peristomio interno 32-partito, calyptra leevi.—Schwaegr. Suppl. ii.
4. 2, 52, 146. £. 167. Bridel, Bryol. Univ.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Port Nicholson, Lyall.

Identified by the description only, for we have not compared it with New Holland specimens.—Sfems more
slender than in other allied species. Leaves more obtuse than in S. guadrifida (Fl. Antarct. p. 126), slightly rugose
(but far less so than in S. nitida and S. rugifolia). Nerve narrow, scarcely excurrent into the short apiculus;
areole more distinct. Capsule small, ovate-oblong. Whole plant considerably smaller and more delicate than $.
quadrifida. Male inflorescence found only in a nidulant, ambiguous state, on a few of the specimens.

Gen. XXV. MACROMITRIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex vel simplex, interdum 0 : exterius intus sub ore capsulee adnatum, dentes sedecim
per paria plus minus approximati, plani, lanceolati: ¿nteróus membrana multifida lacera. Calyptra conico-
mitreformis, longitudinaliter plicata, sulcatave, basi haud appendiculata, inferne in plures lacinias demum
partita, glabra vel pilosa. Capsula ovata, basi attenuata, vix apophysata, zequalis, erecta, exannulata, longi-
pedunculata, pachyderma, ore siccitate szepius plicis octo contracta. Opereulum rectum, rostratum.— Folia
multifaria, lanceolato-oblonga, areolis minimis circularibus punctiformibus. Caulis repens, surculis erectis
confertis.

Macromitrium differs from Orthotrichum in the narrow, subulate calyptra, which is not inflated previous to the
development of the capsule, in the absence of an apophysis, in the rostrate operculum, and in general habit. The
peristome is variable, and in some species apparently wanting. The calyptra varies sometimes in degree of pubescence,
hence Leiotheca, Bridel, is a very questionable genus.—The group requires careful revision.

a. Calyptra glabra; peristomium duplex.

l. Macromitrium sulcatum, Hook. ; foliis patentibus lineari-lanceolatis subundulatis acuminatis apice
denticulatis siccitate erispis tortilibus.—Schlotheimia sulcata, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 156. Bridel, Bryol.
Univ.

Var. 8; foliis minus acuminatis vix undulatis apice subintegris.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

One of the largest species of the genus ; also found in Ceylon.

b. Calyptra glabra; peristomium simplex.

2. Macromitrium jimbriatum, P. Beauv.; ramis brevibus, foliis patulis ligulatis obtusis margine sub-
planis subcrenulatis siccitate crispis involutis laxius areolatis.—Orthotrichum, P. Beauv. Prodr. 80. Brid.
Bryol. Univ. M. uncinatum, Bridel.

Has. Northern Island: Waikehi, Dr. Sinclair. Port Nicholson, Zyall.

Schweegrichen’s figure, etc. (Supp. t. 111) seems to belong rather to M. mucronifolium, which frequently grows
VOL. I. x

78 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Muse.

intermixed with the specimens from Guadeloupe, of which place this plant is a native, as also of Tristan d’Acunha,
Madagascar, and Mauritius.

3. Macromitrium Zongirostre, Hook.; foliis densis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis bilineatis solidinerviis
siccitate tortilibus, seta crassa, capsula ovali sulcata.—Orthotrichum, Hook. Muse. Exot. t.25. Schwegr.
Suppl. t. 112. Bridel.

Var. B. acutifolium ; folis magis acuminatis, nervo subexcurrente.—Orthotrichum acutifolium, Hook.
et Grev. Monog. in Brewst. Journ. Sc. v. 1. t. 5.

Has. Middle Island. Var. a. Dusky Bay, Menzies. Var. B. Port Preservation, Lyall.

Remarkable for its thick, rather short seta, and the very acute, subrigid leaves, loosely twisted when dry.
— Branches about one inch long, erect, crowded.—It is a native of Tasmania, Lord Auckland’s Group, Campbell’s
Island, and South America.

4. Macromitrium Jongipes, Hook. ; ramis erectis elongatis, foliis densis erecto-patentibus strictis lineari-
lanceolatis acutiusculis siccitate crispato-tortilibus, pedunculis longissimis, capsula elliptica siccitate ore pli-
cato contracta.—Orthotrichum, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 24. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 139.

Var. 9; caule graciliore, foliis laxioribus, pedunculis brevioribus.

Var. y; foliis ligulato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis apiculatis.

Var. e; foliis patulo-incurvis ligulato-lanceolatis, capsula minore.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Chalky Bay and Milford Sound, Lyal/.
Bay of Islands; on trunks of the Kaudi Pine, rare, J. D. H. Var. B. Stewart’s Island, Lyall. Var. y.
Auckland, Sinclair. Var. e. Milford Sound, Lyad/.

Variable, especially in the aspect of the dried foliage, which in some specimens is more closely contorted, in
others lax and more crisped; in var. e, which approaches in aspect to M. Reinwardtii, the leaves in a moist state
very much resemble those of M. incurvifolium, but the areolation is minutely punctate, and the seta is long.—Ni-
dulant male flowers have been observed in some of the specimens.

5. Macromitrium gracile, Hook. ; caule gracili elongato flexuoso subramoso erecto, foliis patulo-ineur-
vis (fragilibus) lanceolato-subulatis e nervo percurrente cuspidatis siecitate flexuosis tortilibus, seta brevi,
capsula ovata siccitate striata.—Orthotrichum, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 21. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 112.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Chalky Bay, Lyall. Trunks of trees,
Waikehi, Dr. Sinclair.

Known by the subulato-setaceous terminations of the leaves, and the short sete.—Stems often two inches long.
—In a younger state the aspect of the dried specimens much resembles that of M. recurvifolium, but the leaves are
different in shape.

c. Calyptra pilosa.

6. Macromitrium recurvifolium, Hook. et Grev. ; foliis patulis subrecurvis lanceolato-subulatis obtu-
siusculis siccitate crispatis spiraliter contortis, capsula ovato-oblonga leviter sulcata.—Orthotrichum recur-
vifolium, Hook. et Grev. l. c. t. 5. Bridel, Bryol. Univ.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso, ete.

The foliage of this, when moist, is remarkably spreading.—Leaves short, fragile, subulate and obtuse in the
upper half, reticulation dense and opaque, areole very small.—Found also in Java. 2

7. Macromitrium Mauritianum, Schwægr. ; folis patentibus incurvis lanceolato-acuminatis dense
areolatis nervo pallido siceitate erispato-tortilibus, seta brevi, capsula urceolata levi, calyptra subpilosa.—
Schwagr. Suppl. t. 189.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Logan.

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 79

Leaves longer and more gradually tapering than in the preceding, less spreading when wet, and usually more
crisped when dry, approaching in character, but not in size, to Orthotrichum subtortum, Hook. et Grev. Male flowers
nidulant.—It inhabits Mauritius, Java, and New Holland.

8. Macromitrium ¿ncurvifolium, Hook. et Grev.; foliis patulo-incurvis lanceolato-subulatis acutius-
culis carinatis siccitate crispatis, capsula ovata levi Hook. et Grev. J. c. t. 4. Orthotrichum serpens? Hook.
et Grev. l.c. t. 5. Macromitrium subtile? Schwagr. Suppl. t. 192.

Has. Middle Island : Dusky Bay, Menzies.

Peristome absent in the New Zealand specimens.—In Orthotrichum serpens, the capsule appears to be striated,
and a single peristome has been observed by Hooker and Greville. The remaining specimens are inadequate to con-
firm the fact: in other respects they agree with AM. incurvifolium. Mr. Menzies’ tickets being sometimes misplaced,
it is possible that this Moss, which is found in New Holland, the Society Islands, Ternate, Pitcairn’s Island, and
the Cape of Good Hope? may have got by mistake into the New Zealand collection.

9. Macromitrium Zemitriehodes, Schwegr.; foliis patulis subincurvis ligulato-lanceolatis obtusis apicu-
latis siccitate crispatis densissime areolatis, capsula oblonga levi apice plicato, calyptra subpilosa.—Schwagr.
Suppl. t. 198.

Has. Northern Island, Logan.

The areolation of this species is very minute and subopaque, very different from that of M. incurvifolium. The
capsule is sometimes oval, at other times subcylindrical. The foliage has a darker hue than that of the allied species.
—Also found in New Holland.

10. Macromitrium mécrostomum, Hook. et Grev. ; foliis patulis subincurvis ligulato-lanceolatis obtusis
apiculatis papillosis siccitate crispatis laxe areolatis nervo rubello, capsula ovali levi apice plicato, calyptra
pilosiuscula.— Hook. et Grev. l.c. p. 114. t. 4.

Has. Middle Island: near Nelson, Bidwill.

The papillose leaves, with larger roundish areole than in the allied species, are distinctive marks. Colour of the
foliage yellowish.—A Tasmanian species.

ll. Macromitrium prorepens, Hook.; ramis brevibus, foliis erecto-patentibus ligulato-lanceolatis ob-
tusis apiculatis dorso carinatis siccitate vix crispatulis, capsula ovali, ore subplicato, calyptra pilosa.— Hook.
et Grev. l.c.p. 116. Musc. Exot. t. 190.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. On trees, Waikehi, Sinclair. Milford
Sound, Lyall.

Closely allied to M. microstomum.—Leaves less spreading when wet, less crisped when dry. Areole somewhat
smaller and less papillose.—It has been gathered in Oahu.

12. Macromitrium piliferum, Schwegr. ; foliis confertis patentibus lanceolato-subulatis piliferis sic-
citate crispato-tortilibus dense areolatis, capsula ovato-oblonga superne plicata, calyptra pilosa.—Schwegr.
Suppl. t. 172.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

Here again we venture to suggest the possibility of a false habitat, several of Mr. Menzies’ South Sea Island
plants having been erroneously ticketed as New Zealanders, and vice versá. This is a Sandwich Island plant.

18. Macromitrium retusum, Hook. fil. et Wils.: foliis erecto-patentibus confertis ligulato-lanceolatis
retusis (apice fere bilobis) inferioribus sensim acuminatis siccitate crispulis. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 6.)
Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

A few harren specimens only: remarkable for the retuse apices of the leaves, reticulation minutely punctate. —-

80 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Muse.

Puare LXXXV. Fig. 6:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of stem and leaves; 3, 4, leaves; 5, apex of leaf; 6,
transverse section of leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

Hook. et Grev.; ramis filiformibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis patentibus

14. Macromitrium microphyllum,
ga subpyriformi leviter sul-

basi carinatis bistriatis pellucidis siccitate strictis appressis, capsula ovali-oblon
cata, peristomio brevissimo indiviso.— Hook. et Grev. l. c. p. 191. t. 6.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Port Nicholson, Zyall. East Coast, Colenso.

A South African species, nearly allied to M. tenue. Leaves more lax and spreading (recurved in Colenso's spe-
cimens), shorter, and more ovate, upper surface more or less papillose; areolee guttulate, vaginula hairy ; pericheetial
leaves ovate-acuminate. Calyptra hairy.—M. Dregei, Hornschuch, appears to be this species.

Gen. XXVI. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedwig.

Peristomium duplex vel simplex, rarius 0: exterius intus sub capsule ore adnatum, dentes 16, ple-
roscopici, siccitate erecti, patentes vel reflexi: inferius nunc cilia 8 v. 16.

rumque per paria connati, hyg
striata (stricte cum dentibus alte-

Capsula immersa vel exserta, erecta, pyriformis, collo plus minus elongato,
nantes), siccitate costata exannulata. Opereulum conico-rostellatum. Calyptra magna, campanulata,
plicata, basi crenato-lacera, in plurimis recte-pilosa. Plorescentia plerumque monoica: flos masc. gemme-
formis.—Caules pulvinati, subrepentes.

1. Orthotrichum calvum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule humili gracili, foliis patentibus ex ovata basi
lanceolato-subulatis obtusiusculis siccitate laxis suberectis, capsula exserta elliptico-oblonga vel clavata
striata, calyptra glabra, vaginula pilosa. (TaB. LXXXV. Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern Island: branches of trees, Manawatu, Colenso.

m in aspect, about three lines in height.—Seta a little longer than the

A small species, approaching O. pulchellu
Operculum absent.—PLATE

capsule. Inner peristome with eight cilia. Calyptra yellowish-brown, quite glabrous.
LXXXV. Fig. 7 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, plant, magnified ; 3, capsule; 4, leaves :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

2. Orthotrichum pumilum, Schwegr.; caule humili, foliis patentibus siccitate imbricatis lanceolatis
obtusiusculis concavis, capsula ovata brevicolla late striata immersa, operculo conico brevi.— Var. Calyptra
pilosa, Schwegr. Suppl. t.50. Bryol. Europ. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2168.

Has. Northern Island: cliffs at Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. (Native of England.)

A common European plant. Specimens few and imperfect.

Gen. XXVII. ZYGODON, Hook.

Peristomium duplex, simplex, vel 0: exterius, dentes 16 per paria connexi, plani, siccitate patuli vel
reflexi ; interius, cilia 8-16, cum dentibus alternantia, linearia, hyalina, horizontalia. Capsula erecta, cla-
vato-pyriformis, striata, pedicellata vel immersa, exannulata, Operculum oblique rostratum. Calyptra

cuculliformis, obliqua.
1. Zygodon obtusifolius, Hook. ; monoicus, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus ligulatis obtusis, peristomio

duplici— Muse. Exot. t. 159. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 136.
Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso.

Cilia of the inner peristome eight. Calyptra roughish above, subplicate below; as in all other species of this

genus reddish-brown. Capsule with eight broad ribs, furrowed when dry.—An East Indian species.

2. Zygodon intermedius, Br. et Schimp. ; dioicus, caule gracilescente elatiore subramoso, foliis laxis

Musei. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 81

erecto-patentibus lanceolato-lingulatis acutiusculis, peristomio simplici interno 8-ciliato.—Zygodon conoideus,
8 elongatus, Hook. et Grev. in Brewst. Journ. Science.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

Also found in Tasmania; and in Chili (fide Montagne).

3. Zygodon Brownz, Schwegr.; dioicus, caule ramoso fastigiato, foliis oblongis acutis squarrosis,
peristomio duplici.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 311 b.

Has. Throughout the Islands: Auckland and Port Nicholson, Sinclair. Milford Sound, Zyall.

Leaves broader than in the preceding, widely spreading and recurved, lax, and slightly crisped when dry. Outer
peristome often rudimentary or irregular. Cilia eight.—Also a Tasmanian species.

4. Zygodon Reinwardtii, Braun; foliis lanceolato-oblongis dentatis patentibus margine undulatis,
florescentia hermaphrodita. Var. 8. foliis minus dentatis subintegris.—Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 819 a. Zygo-
don denticulatus, Taylor, in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 6. p. 329.

Has. Northern Island: Port Nicholson, Sinclair. Ruahine Mountains, Colenso.

A native of Java and South America. Peristome absent in this variety; in the Java specimens an inner peri-

stome of sixteen cilia has been observed.

5. Zygodon eyatkicarpus, Mont.; monoicus, folis patentibus subrecurvis lineari-lanceolatis acutis
carinatis siccitate crispato-tortuosis, perichzetialibus capsulam superantibus, seta perbrevi, capsula cyathifor-
mi gymnostoma striata, operculo convexo oblique rostellato.—Montagne, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Cent. 5. p. 30.
Gymnostomum linearifolium, Zaylor in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 5. p. 42.

Has. Northern Island: Makororo River, Colenso; mixed with Bartramia uncinata.

Closely allied to Z. Mougeotii, Bryol. Europ. ; but distinguished by the more linear leaves and monoicous in-
florescence.—A. native of the Andes of Chili and Columbia.

Tribe VIII. Bryscza.
Gen. XXVIII. ORTHODONTIUM, Schwagr.

Peristomium duplex, infra capsule orificium oriens: exterius, dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, siccitate
infra orificium capsule sepe inflexi: internum, cilia 16, dentibus alternantibus, e basi brevi subcarinata
dilatata, filiformia. Capsula. clavato-pyriformis, in pedicello tenui suberecta vel cernua, exannulata, symme-
trica, e membrana tenui laxe areolata. Operculum breve, conico-rostellatum. Calyptra parvula, cucullifor-
mis, fugax.—Florescentia monoica : ji. masc, gemmeformes, axillares, sepius aggregati. Folia longiuscula,
lineari-lanceolata, tenuia, lave areolata, areolis subparallelogrammis, evanidinerviis. Musci rupestres,
graciles, cespitosi, habitu Bryis angustifoliis fines.

1. Orthodontium sulcatum, Hook. et Wils.; foliis patenti-recurvis lineari-lanceolatis subplanis evani-
dinerviis, capsula elliptico-oblonga brevicolla siccitate sulcata inclinata.—Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 789 B.

Has. Middle Island: Port William, Lyall,

An Australian species, nearly 1 inch long. Differs in the furrowed capsule from others of the genus.—Inner
peristome with carinate segments, as long as the outer teeth, united below by a common membrane, and thus ap-
proaching very closely to the usual structure of Bryum. Operculum very shortly and obliquely rostellate. The
furrowed capsule resembles that of Zygodon. Inflorescence occasionally hermaphrodite, usually monoicous; male
flowers axillary, sometimes terminal on a branch, as shown in O. lineare, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 188.—Weissia line-
arifolia, Schw. (Suppl. t. 179), seems to be nearly allied, and may prove to belong to this genus, though said to
be dioicous.

VOL, II. cR

82 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

Gen. XXIX. LEPTOSTOMUM, AZ. Brown.

Peristomium simplex, membranaceum, demum annulare, subdivisum, e membrana interiore (sporangio)
ortum. Capsula clavato-pyriformis, suberecta vel cernua, longipedunculata. Operew/wm brevissimum, sub-
conicum. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia dioica: fl. mas. terminales, capituliformes. Caules dense
cespitosi, radiculoso-tomentosi. Folia ovato-lanceolata, pilifera, crassinervia, areolis circularibus.

The single peristome of Leptostomum, as is well observed by Schweegrichen, is quite analogous to the inner one
of Brachymenium, from which genus Leptostomum chiefly differs in wanting the outer peristome (reduced to a mere
rudimentary border), in the rudimentary annulus, in the piliferous leaves, and in the areolation, which is nearly as in
Aulacomnion, to which genus it also approaches in the structure of the male flowers.

1. Leptostomum gracile, R. Br.; caule subramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus confertis oblongis acutius-
culis inferioribus ovato-lanceolatis omnibus piliferis crassinerviis margine recurvo siccitate erectis appressis,
capsula oblonga subclavata inclinata, operculo hemisphserico.—R. Brown, Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 321.
Schwagr. Suppl. t. 104. Gymnostomum gracile, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 22.

Var. 8; capsula subcylindrica erecta superne angustata.

Haz. Throughout the Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Milford Sound,
Lyall. War. 8. Wangarei Bay, Colenso.

Stems 2-3 inches high. Seta in Lyall’s specimens 2 inches long. Leaves less obtuse than in L. inclinans, erect,
and closely imbricated when dry, margin more closely reflexed, hair-points usually straight (not wavy); areolation
closer and smaller; nerve stronger and more opaque. Peristome a membranous white annulus, with evident traces
of division into sixteen bifid segments, as in Brachymenium. Annulus persistent, obscure. Spores rather large, yel-
lowish, papillose.—The nerve of the leaf is composed of distinct woody tissue, with a central open canal.

2. Leptostomum inclinans, R. Br.; folis erecto-patentibus laxius imbricatis ovato-oblongis obtusis
piliferis siccitate erectis margine reflexis, capsula inclinata obovato-clavata, operculo conico-hemispherico.—
R. Brown, l. c. t.23. Schwegr. Suppl. t. 213. Gymnostomum inclinans, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 168.

Haz. Northern Islands: Huiarau and Ruahamanga River, Colenso.

A native of Tasmania.— Leaves more obtuse than in the preceding; hair-points wavy, longer, thinner, and dia-
phanous, apex more evidently denticulate, margin less closely recurved, nerve paler, areolæ larger and coarser. Cap-
sule larger, more ventricose, pale buff or yellowish, smooth. Peristome as in the preceding, more evidently divided
than shown in Schwegrichen’s figure. Spores ferruginous, papillose.

3. Leptostomum macrocarpon, Hedw.; foliis elliptico-oblongis subobovatis concavis margine revolutis
pilo ramoso terminatis, capsula erecta ovato-oblonga microstoma, operculo obtuse conico.—Bryum macro-
carpon, Hedw. Muse. Frond. v. 3. t. 10. Leptostomum, Schwagr., Bridel,

Var. 8; caule setaque longioribus, foliis laxioribus margine minus revolutis.

Has. Common throughout the Islands; forming large tufts on rocks near the sea, and on trunks of
trees. Var. 8. Port William and Jackson's Bay, Lyall.

A Tasmanian and New Holland plant, also said to be found in Tahiti.—Leaves of softer texture than in the
preceding, opaque, with larger hexagonal areolee; margin distinctly revolute ; nerve thinner, the excurrent part
curiously branched, especially on the upper leaves. Capsule large, erect, not attenuated at the base. Peristome
smaller than in the preceding, but of the same structure.— Z. erectum, R. Brown, is nearly allied to this, but has the
hair-points simple.

Gen. XXX. BRYUM, Dillen.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, sequidistantes, simplices, lanceolati, dorso linea longitudinali

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 83

exarati intus transversim lamellati, valde hygroscopici, sicci incurvi : interius, membrana in processus 16
carinatos cum dentibus alternantes fissa, ciliis filiformibus interjectis dentibus oppositis, vel nullis. Capsula
pyriformis vel clavata, pendula vel inclinata, collo brevissimo v. elongato, plerumque annulata. Opereulum
convexum, apiculatum, breve.—Florescentia dioica, monoica, vel hermaphrodita: antheridia paraphysibus
Jiliformibus immixta. Folia ovata, lanceolata, plerumque integra, costata, cellulis rhomboideis. Caules
Perennes, c@spilosi, versus apicem imnovationibus simplicibus cauli similibus proliferi.

1. Bryum tenuifolium, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; caule humili simplici, foliis erectis subsecundis lanceolato-
subulatis acuminatis integerrimis soldinerviis margine reflexis, perichætialibus longioribus attenuatis, cap-
sula subpendula oblonga curvula basi obconica, operculo conico. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; on clay banks, Colenso, J. D. H.

Var B. exiguum ; foliis laxioribus brevioribus, capsula breviore, ciliis peristomii interioris abortivis.

Var. y; caule brevissimo, foliis falcato-secundis confertis, capsula brevi, ciliis peristomii interni
brevibus.

Dioicous. Allied to the European B. acuminatum, but only half the size, about 4 inch long.—Leaves pale,
more attenuated, their reticulation more lax and pellucid, apex entire, colour shining yellowish-green ; nerve some-
what excurrent; seta pale.—B. humile, Mont. (Annal. Sc. Nat. 1845, Cent. 5. 26 bis) from Chili, appears to be
most closely allied, if not the same as this. In ours the cilia of the inner peristome are inconstant, and the capsule
is either curved or straight and symmetrical.—PrLare LXXXV. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, nat. size ; 2, plant, magnitied ;
3, capsule; 4, portion of peristome; 5, leaf :—all magnified.

2. Bryum Wahlenbergii, Schweegr. ; dioicum, foliis ovato-acuminatis concavis evanidinerviis pellucidis
laxe reticulatis apice subserratis, capsula pendula brevi-pyriformi exannulata.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 10. Fl.
Antarct. pp. 134, 414. B. albicans, Auctorum.

Haz. Stewart’s Island, Lyal/; male plant only. (Native of England.)

Found also in Britain, Europe, North America, Cape Horn, and the Antarctic Islands.

3. Bryum argenteum, Linn.; dioicum, folis imbricatis late ovalibus apiculatis concavis laxe areolatis
integerrimis seminerviis albido-sericeis, capsula pendula ex ovali-oblonga.

Var. y. lanatum ; foliis longius acuminatis omnino argenteis. — Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. Bridel,
Bryol. Univ. Fl. Antaret. p. 413.

Has. Middle Island, Lyall ; a scrap only, with Leptostomum macrocarpum. (Native of England.)

Easily recognized by its silvery-white foliage. A small species, with blood-red capsules. It is found through-
out Europe, North and South America, and the Antarctic Islands.

4. Bryum blandum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus imbricatis ovali-oblongis ob-
tusis concavis integerrimis laxe reticulatis nervo tenui subcontinuo, capsula clavato-pyriformi cernua.—
Fl. Antarct. p. 134. €. 60. f. 1.

Var. 8. luridum ; folis luridis laxioribus patentibus, areolis brevioribus latioribus.

Has. Northern Island: Makororo river, Colenso. Var. B. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Fertile stems more robust than the barren ones figured in ‘ Flora Antarctica,’ about 1 inch in height. Leaves
reddish, membranous and pellucid, erect and imbricated when dry; nerve reddish. Seta nearly 1 inch in length.
—Only old capsules have been seen.

5. Bryum crassinerve, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus ellipticis obtusiusculis
concavis subcoriaceis apice subrecurvis subserrulatis solidinerviis margine reflexis siccitate erectis crispulis,
capsula pendula subpyriformi, operculo conico.—B. levigatum, var.? FJ. Antarct. p. 415. 4. 154 7-3.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair, with B. Billardieri.

84 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musct.

Somewhat smaller than the Tasmanian specimens of B. levigatum, differing also in the recurved serrulate apex
and the distinctly recurved margin of the leaf, which also differs slightly in texture. The stem is, as in that, tomen-
tose, with purplish radieles. —A native of Fuegia and Kerguelen’s Land.

6. Bryum clavatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus incurvis elliptico-lanceolatis
subcoriaceis concavis nervo crasso excurrente cuspidulatis, seta breviuscula, capsula clavato-oblonga arcuata
majuscula subpendula, operculo subconico. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 3.)

Var. B. extenuatum ; foliis patentibus vix incurvis, capsula elongata minus pendula, seta longiore.

Var. y; capsula elongata suberecta, peristomio interno dentibus adnato.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Logan. Cape Turnagain, Colenso. Var. 8. East Cape, Sin-
clair. Var. y. Manawatu river, Colenso.

The typical specimens have a peculiar aspect; they are about half an inch in height.—Stems tomentose, with
brown radicles. Leaves singularly curved along the back as seen in profile, not much changed by drying, firm
and subopaque. Seta short, scarcely 4 inch long, reddish, stout, arcuate at top. Capsule large, arcuate and pen-
dulous, almost as in B. demissum, reddish-brown, of firm texture, tapering into the seta. Operculum small, conical,
obtuse. Inner peristome with cilia.—The two varieties with elongated capsules and longer sete: are referred here
with some doubt, but the materials are too imperfect to warrant their separation. B. apiculatum, Schwegr. (Suppl.
t. 72, et Herb. Arnott), from Isle de France, differs from B. clavatum in the more loosely reticulated leaves and
smaller capsule, resembling B. cellulare, Hook. (Schweegr. Suppl. t. 214), and B. pachypoma, Mont. (Cent. 5, 27).
B. nitens, Hook., is also nearly allied.—Prate LXXXV. Fig. 3:—1, plant, nat. size; 2, capsule, and 3, leaves,
magnified ; 4, var. B, nat. size; 6, its capsule, magnified.

7. Bryum annulatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, foliis patentibus subrigidis ovato-lanceolatis con-
cavis acutis integerrimis soldinerviis, capsula pendula ovata.—Jor. Antarct. p. 194. t. 60. f. 2.

Haz. Northern Island: clay banks, Manawatu river, Colenso.

Resembling B. Funkii, Schwegr. (Suppl. t. 29), but smaller, and the leaves less closely imbricated when dry.
The New Zealand specimens are so scanty and imperfect that they cannot with certainty be determined, and this is
unfortunately the case with those from Campbell’s Island, the only other place where it has been found.

8. Bryum duriusculum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus elliptico-lanceolatis rigl-
dulis concavis nervo valido excurrente cuspidatis siccitate erectis, capsula pyriformi-oblonga cernua, oper-
culo conico-apiculato.

Var. 8; foliis minoribus confertis nervo vix excurrente, seta capsulaque brevioribus.

Var. y; surculis setaque longioribus, foliis distantibus patentibus lanceolatis.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands : Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Dusky Bay, Hutt Valley, and Auck-
land, Lyall, Colenso.

Perhaps only a variety or state of B. sanguineum, Bridel (Bryol. Univ. 1. 671; B. erythrocarpon, Bruch et
Schimp. Bryol. Europ.), having the same deep red capsule and seta, and the lower leaves tinged with the same
colour; but the leaves are of firmer texture, not tapering from the middle upwards, and the nerve is stronger and
more exeurrent. Several forms of the species, if it be such, seem to exist in the collections, of which the var. y has
a seta two inches long, slender, and approaches in aspect the following.

9. Bryum ereberrimum, Tayl. ; dioicum, surculis longioribus, foliis suberectis laxis lanceolatis acumi-
natis integerrimis margine subreflexis subcarinatis siccitate flexuosis tortilibus erectis nervo tenui excurrente
subpiliferis, seta longissima, capsula nutante subcylindrica, operculo convexo mamillato.— Taylor, in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 1846. p. 54.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Dr. Sinclair.

Also found at the Swan River. A larger species than the last, 2 inches high ; leaves of looser texture, shrink-

AN

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Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 85

ing much when dry, and slightly twisted, the excurrent portion of the nerve very thin. Capsule elongated, more
or less pendulous.—In size our Moss resembles B. australe, Hampe, Ic. Musc. Nov. t. 26, from Swan River; but
the magnified figure of the leaves, and frequently erect capsules of the latter, disagree.

10. Bryum odconicum, Hornsch.; dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus oblongo-ovatis acuminatis nervo
excurrente cuspidatis submarginatis apice serrulatis siccitate vix tortilibus margine reflexis subcarinatis,
capsula subpendula longicolla clavata, operculo convexo mamillato.— Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair. (A native of England.)

Resembling the last in size.—Leaves of coarser texture, somewhat cartilaginous in the margin. Capsule curved,
larger and more clavate, tapering more gradually into the seta, which is curved at the top ; nerve of the leaf thicker,
opaque, spinulose at the apex.—A common European plant.

11. Bryum atropurpureum, Web. et Mohr; humile, dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus ovatis acuminatis
concavis integerrimis nervo excurrente cuspidatis siccitate erectis imbricatis margine reflexis, capsula ovali-
oblonga nutante, operculo ore constricto latiore convexo mamillato.—Bryol. Europ. B. erythrocarpon,
Bridel.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; on clay banks, J. D. H. (A native of England.)

A small species, with capsules almost acorn-shaped, dark red when fully ripe. Probably B. balanoides, Taylor,
from Swan River, Australia, is only a form of this species, and the following is also closely allied. It is found in
all Europe, Algiers, Arabia, Smyrna, Australia, and the Cape of Good Hope.

12. Bryum dichotomum, Hedw.; * foliis ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis imbricatis, sporangiis ovatis sub-
pendulis."— Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 183. t. 44.

Has. New Zealand, Herb. Hook.

The specimen in Herb. Hook. has the capsules shorter than in the preceding, and it also bears slender, re-
peatedly forked innovations, almost as tallas the fruit-stalk, but there seems no essential difference in the leaves.
Inflorescence dioicous. B. buldillosum, Mont. (Cent. 2. 92), from Brazil, appears to be an intermediate form
between this and B. atropurpureum.

13. Bryum flaccidum, Bridel? ; “ foliis laxiusculis subflaccidis oblongo-ovatis obtusiusculis serrulatis
nervo excurrente breviter cuspidatis, theca elongata pendula.” —Bryol. Europ. v. 1. p. 667. B. cespititium,
var. laxum, Wiis. in Gardn. Muse. Brasil. No. 36.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; on damp rocks, rare, J. D. H.

The leaves in our specimens are elliptic-oblong, entire, not serrulate. Differs from B. duriusculum in the
broader, flaccid foliage, and pale capsule. It is smaller than the usual form of B. cespititium of Britain, which has
leaves tapering from the middle upwards. Inflorescence dioicous.—Found also in Brazil and Hispaniola.

14. Bryum varium, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; foliis inferioribus ovato-oblongis concavis obtusis cymbifor-
mibus evanidinerviis, superioribus ovato-acuminatis excurrentinerviis margine recurvis integerrimis siccitate
appressis. (Tas. LXXXV. Fig. 4.)

Has. Middle Island, Zya//; barren stems only.

The remarkable aspect of this renders it desirable to indicate it briefly as above. It was growing with B.
duriusculum, and is a more robust species, with stems nearly 1 inch long.—PraTE LXXXV. Fig. 4 :—1, plant, nat.
size; 9, 3, leaves, magnified.

15. Bryum imum, Schreb. ; hermaphroditum, foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis carinatis margine re-
flexis nervo excurrente mucronatis siccitate subtortilibus, capsula pendula obovato-pyriformi, opereulo ma-
Jusculo convexo mamillato.—Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. Fl. Antarct. p. 418.

VOL. II. Z

86 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Musee.

. Haz. Northern Island; in marshes, with Hypnum nodiflorum : Hawke's Bay, Colenso. (A native
of England.)

A common European plant, also found in Kerguelen’s Land.—A larger species than the last. Seta 2 inches
long; capsule larger, distinguished from all the preceding by the mixture of antheridia with the archegonia (pistilla)
in the same flower.

16. Bryum crassum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, caule longiusculo rigidulo ramoso tomentoso, ramis
apice tumidis inferne foliis minutis squamseformibus vestitis, foliis erectis arcte imbricatis concavis ovato-
oblongis coriaceis acutis solidinerviis margine reflexis apice subintegris, capsula pendula oblongo-pyriformi,
operculo conico-apiculato. (Tas. LXXXVI. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: scoriæ at Manukau Bay, west coast, Colenso.

This belongs to the small group with rosulate leaves at the summit of the innovations; but here they do not
spread, and when dry are very closely imbricated and substriate. Specimens about an inch in height Capsule
rather small, reddish-brown.—In the aspect of the dry foliage it is very different from B. levigatum, to which it is
otherwise allied.—PraATE LXXXVI. Fig. 1:—1, plant, nat. size; 2, capsule; 8, leaf :—both magnified.

17. Bryum campylothecium, Taylor; dioicum, caule ramoso tomentoso, foliis erecto-patentibus supe-
rioribus in rosulam congestis siccitate appressis obovato-oblongis acutiusculis concavis margine reflexis apice
subserratis nervo valido excurrente longe cuspidatis, capsula pendula ex apophysi obconica angustiore ovato-
oblonga subventricosa curvula, operculo conico-mamillato.—Taylor, in Lónd. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 52.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair.

Found also in Tasmania and Australia.—Stems 1% inch high. Leaves of firm texture, scarcely altered when
dry, sometimes slightly undulated, yellowish ; apex minutely serrulate ; nerve excurrent into a long bristly point, pale
yellowish. Bryum Canariense, Bridel (Schweegr. Suppl. t. 214), is very closely allied, and may be only a variety
with the nerve less excurrent. B. Billardieri, Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ., appears to belong to D. Canariense,
and not to the following.

18. Bryum Billardieri, Schwegr. ; dioicum, foliis superioribus in rosulam congestis patentibus apice
recurvis siccitate crispato-undulatis erectis obovato-oblongis acutiusculis immarginatis apice serratis nervo
subexcurrente apiculatis margine inferne reflexis, seta crassiuscula apice in collo arcuato capsule subito
desinente, capsula nutante clavato-pyriformi arcuata, operculo subconico.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 16, non Bruch
et Schimp. Ft. Antarct. p. 413.

Var. B. patens; foliis patulis laxioribus luridis obtusiusculis.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Var. 8. Bay of Islands; on damp rocks and
banks near the spray of waterfalls, J. D. H.

The var. B is considerably altered in appearance by growing in wet places, among gravel.— Leaves more scat-
tered and not obviously erowded into terminal tufts, —The species is found in New Belgium, Tasmania, South Africa,
Australia, Falkland Islands, and South America.

19. Bryum truncorum, Bory St. Vinc. ; dioicum, caule elongato, foliis terminalibus in rosulam con-
gestis patentibus apice recurvis siccitate tortuosis erectis obovato-acuminatis marginatis apice argute ser-
ratis margine inferne reflexis, nervo subexcurrente, seta elongata apice in collo arcuato capsule desinente,

capsula elongato-eylindrica arcuato-nutante, operculo conico apiculato brevi.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 1.
p.099. Fl. Antarct. pp. 134, 415. B. leptothecium, Taylor, MSS.

Haz. Northern Island: Auckland, Colenso: Bay of Islands; common on sturnps of trees. Southern
Island, Lyall.

Also found in the Isle of Bourbon, Tasmania, Australia, and South America. Our specimens agree very well

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Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. E 87

with Bridel's description, but we have seen no authentic specimen, and there is no published figure; those gathered
by Raoul are very tall (nearly 3 inches), with setee above 2 inches long. Leaves twisted and crisped when dry,
showing the pale subcartilaginous border, dark green; the nerve reddish in the lower leaves. Capsule very long
and slender, arcuate, pale brown.—This species varies, with larger, more oblong leaves, and in the length of the
capsule; in Tasmania with more slender stems and reddish foliage. B. andicolum, Humb. et Bonpl., seems to be
only a variety of this.

Oss.—A solitary stem of what is believed to be B. intermedium, Bridel, occurs mixed with another New Zea-
land Moss: it is a smaller species than B. bimum, but with the same inflorescence; lower leaves tinged with red ;
capsule oblong-pyriform. It is remarkable for ripening the capsules of the same tuft at different periods in succession.

Gen. XXXI. MNIUM, Bruch et Schimp.

Peristomium Bryi. Capsula pendula, ovali-oblonga, annulata. Opercudwm convexum, apiculatum vel
rostellatum. Calyptra cuculliformis.— Caulis innovationibus e basi (nunquam ex apice florali ut in Bryis)
prolificans. Folia magna, subcoriacea, areolis hexagonis, versus caulis Jloriferi apicem in rosulam polyphyl-
lam congesta. Flores masculi discoidei, paraphysibus clavatis.

1. Mnium rostratum, Schwegr.; hermaphroditum, caule fertili e basi decumbente erecto, surculis
sterilibus vage repentibus, foliis inferioribus ovatis acuminatis superioribus ovali-oblongis obtusis apiculatis
marginatis limbo remote dentato nervo subcontinuo, setis aggregatis, capsulis subpendulis, operculo ros-
trato.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 19. Fl. Antarct. p. 415.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Raoul. (A native of England.)

Found in all Europe and North America, and at the Straits of Magelhaens.— Zeaves almost retuse, with an
obscure very short mucro, crisped and undulated when dry.

2. Mnium rhyncophorum, Hook. ; foliis patulis deflexis lingulato-oblongis obtusis undulatis marginatis
denticulatis crassinerviis densius minutissime areolatis, capsula cernua, operculo rostrato.—Hook. Te. PI.
t. 20. f. 3. Harvey in Journ. Bot. 1840, p. 10. M. rostratum, 8 Javanicum, Nees.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: shores of Waikare Lake, and wood near Turanga, Colenso.
Chalky Bay, Zyall.

A native of the East Indies, South America, Java, Ceylon, Sandwich Islands.—Differs from M. rostratum in
the more elongated leaves, with considerably smaller opaque areolæ; nerve strong, bordered on each side with pel-
lucid areole. Inflorescence the same.

Tribe IX. BARTRAMIACER.

[This group differs from all others having a Bryoid peristome, in the globose capsules mostly furrowed when dry,
and in the rigid, tapering, serrated, papillose leaves, with quadrate areole.]

Gen. XXXII. CONOSTOMUM, Swartz.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, in conum persistentem conniventes, apice con-
nexi. Capsula globosa, microstoma, exannulata. Opereulum conico-rostellatum. Calyptra brevissima,
subulata, latere fissa.

1. Conostomum australe, Swartz; monoicum, caule erecto ramoso, ramis fasciculatis, foliis erectis
densissime imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis nervo lato excurrente cuspidatis supremis piliferis, capsula
subrotundaía inclinata, operculo oblique rostellato.—Swartz, in Schrad. New Bot. Journ. Sehwegr. Suppl.
é. 130. Fl. Antarct. pp. 182, 411.

Has, Northern Island : Ruahine Mountains, Colenso.

88 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Musci.

Found also at Cape Horn and all Antarctic Tslands.—Zeaves more appressed than in C. boreale, longer and
more or less piliferous, and essentially different in the inflorescence.

2. Conostomum pusillum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoicum, caule humili laxius ceespitoso, folis sub-
erectis laxe imbricatis lanceolatis acuminatis piliferis margine reflexis duplici serie serratis laxe reticulatis
nervo angustiore, capsula suberecta. (Tas. LXXXVI. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: top of the Ruahine Mountains, Colenso.

A very distinct species, quite different in aspect from the preceding.—Seldom more than 1 inch in height, often
much smaller. Stems about 2 lines long. Leaves less crowded, not appressed when dry, but lax, with wavy hair-
points, yellowish-green, lower leaves brown, mixed with dark red radicles, reticulation larger and more pellucid.
Seta pale reddish, glossy, half an inch long or more. Capsule pale, furrowed when dry. Operculum less than half
its length, conical, with inclined beak. Teeth slender, red. Calyptra brown, covering the operculum only. Male
and female flowers contiguous, whereas in C. australe the male flower terminates a branch.—PLATE LXXXVI.
Fig. 2 :—1, plant, nat. size; 2, young, and 3 mature, capsules; 4, leaf; 5, portion of ditto :—all magnified.

Gen. XX XIII. CRYPTOPODIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex; exterius, dentes 16, lanceolato-acuminati, reflexi ; interius, membrana in pro-
cessus 16 imperforatos ciliis interjectis fissa. Capsula ovalis, macrostoma, brevipes, levis, exannulata,
erecta.— Habitus, folia, etc. Bartramise.

1. Cryptopodium dartramioides, Menz.; dioicum, caule elongato rigido subramoso, foliis erecto-
patentibus subsecundis lineari-subulatis solidinerviis rigidis duplici serie spinuloso-serratis, capsulis immersis
aggregatis, operculo convexo apiculato.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 31. Bryum bartramioides, Hook.
Muse. Exot. t.18. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 160.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Ruahine Mountains, Colenso. Bligh’s, Thomson’s, and Mil-
ford Sounds, Zyall.

Stems 2-6 inches long, curved. Leaves long, crowded, rigid, tapering gradually from a wide base. Inflores-
cence certainly dioicous (Bridel states the contrary). Capsules often three together, not contracted at the mouth.
Pedicel shorter than the capsule. Operculum nearly half as long, shaped as in Bryum, and not, as usual in Bartra-
mice, covering a large peristome. . Inner peristome furnished with intermediate cilia, but they seem to be irregular

and not unfrequently absent.
Gen. XXXIV. BARTRAMIA, Hedwig.

Peristomium duplex; exterius, dentes 16, ut in Bryo, siccitate incurvi; interius, membrana 16-pli-
cata, usque supra medium in processus 16 cum dentibus alternantes fissa, demum per totam longitudi-
nem in crura duo divergentia fissa, ciliis parvulis interjectis vel nullis. Capsula subspheerica, erecta vel
cernua, raro pendula, siccitate sulcata, plerumque microstoma, exannulata. Operculum plano-conicum,
breve. Calyptra parva, subulata, latere fissa.—Folia angusta, rigida, serrata, costata, quadrate areolata, pa-
pillosa. Caules fusciculato-ramosi, radiculoso-tomentosi.

§ 1. BARTRAMIA, Bridel.— age ramose.

1. Bartramia Halleriana, Hedw. ; monoica, procera, vage ramosa, ramis subfastigiatis, foliis patentibus
vel secundis e basi lata subvaginante lineari-subulatis serrulatis, capsula subglobosa brevipedicellata im-
mersa, operculo conico.—Hedw. Stirp. Muse. v. 9. t. 40. Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ.

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine Mountains and Waikare Lake, on trees, Colenso.

Found in all Europe, North and South America, Cape Horn. In this the fruit seems to be lateral, owing to

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Musei. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 89

the growth of innovations, but the fertile flower is at first truly terminal. Capsules on a short pedicel of their
own length, much overtopped by the leaves, often two together.—The nearly allied B. pomiformis has longer pedi-
cels, and leaves less dilated and scarcely sheathing at the base.

2. Bartramia papillata, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, caule subramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus
patulisve strictis e basi pallida obovata vaginante subulatis minutissime serrulatis dorso papillatis solidiner-
viis, seta longiuscula. (Tas. LXXXVI. Fig. 4.)

Var. 8; foliis patulis siccitate crispulis.

Var. y; foliis longioribus patulis crispulis.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Falls of Waitangi, J. D. H. Base of Tongariro and top of
Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

About one inch in height, the typical specimens scarcely distinguishable except by the inflorescence from B.
ithyphylia. The leaves, however, are more spreading and distinctly papillose at the back. The var. y much re-
sembles B. longifolia, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 68, but it is only half the size, and the leaves are less evidently serru-
late, shorter, and yellowish-green, inclining to glaucous.—PraATE LXXXVI. Fig. 4:—1, plants, natural size; 2.
capsule and operculum ; 3, calyptra; 4, leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

$ 2. PurroNorrs, Bridel.— Ramis fasciculatis.

3. Bartramia appressa, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioica, pusilla, caule brevi gracili fasciculato-ramoso, foliis
suberectis imbricatis ovatis acuminatis serrulatis excurrentinerviis siccitate appressis. (Tas. LXXXVI.
Fig. 5.)

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Falls of Waitangi, J. D. H. Wairarapa valley, Colenso.

Leaves glaucous, papillose. Male flower discoid, large, red; perigonial leaves spreading, much larger and longer
than the stem-leaves, lanceolate, acute, nerved, serrulate.—In colour like B. glauca, Hook. et Arnott, but leaves wider,
shorter, more entire, margin plane. B. lawissima, C. Müller, has narrower leaves, nerve vanishing near the apex, and
lax reticulation. B. cycnea, Mont., and B. ambigua, Mont., both from Chili, are very different according to their de-
scriptions. —Piats LXXXVI. Fig. 5 :—1, plant, natural size; 2, 9, leaves, both magnified.

4. Bartramia marchica, Brid.; dioica, dense ceespitosa, foliis undique patentibus vel subsecundis
ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carinatis margine planis serrulatis excurrentinerviis haud plicatis, perigonialibus
lanceolatis acutis solidinerviis, capsula subspheerica cernua.— Bridel, Mant. Muse. Schwegr. Suppl. t. 239.
Philonotis marchica, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 23.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (A native of England.)

A European Moss. —Stems two inches high.—It differs from small states of B. fontana by the plane margined
leaves and by the acute nerved perigonial leaves, and from B. calcarea by the narrower nerve and less robust habit.
It is doubtful whether the East Indian B. falcata, Hook. (Musc. Exot.) be more than a variety of this; but the
leaves are compresso-carinate, so as not to flatten without rupture, and the reticulation is smaller. B. Turneri,
Schweegr., may be a state of B. falcata, with more acute leaves.

5. Bartramia uncinata, Schweegr.; dioica, caule breviusculo fasciculato tomentoso, foliis confertis sub-
falcatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis excurrentinerviis serrulatis margine reflexis, capsula cernua.—Schwegr.
Suppl. pt. 1. v. 2. p. 60. £. 57, sub nomine B. scabrida.

Has. Northern and Middle Island: Port Cooper, Lyall, Oldfield.

Smaller than the preceding. Leaves more crowded, more secund, more produced and setaceous at the apex,
the margin recurved. Seta about an inch long. Branches short, often curved or uncinate.—A native of Guada-
loupe, Martinique, North and South America.

6. Bartramia radicalis, P. Beauv.; dioica, foliis dissitis lanceolatis acuminatis excurrentinerviis serru-
latis margine reflexis, capsula cernua.—P. Beauv. Prodr. Aitheog. p. 44. — Schwegr. Suppl. 1. 61.

VOL. II. 2 A

90 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

Has. Throughout the Islands: hills, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Auckland, Sinclair. Oroua River,
Colenso. Southern Island, Zyall.

A Southern United States plant.—Original specimens not being before us, the identification of those from
New Zealand is somewhat doubtful. They differ from the preceding in the longer, narrower, distant leaves,
showing the red stem very conspicuously ; serratures more distinct. Habit more slender.—B. mollis, Doz. et Molkb.,
from Java, seems to be very closely allied, and is perhaps only a variety with more crowded leaves.

7. Bartramia affinis, Hook.; dioica, caule longiusculo fasciculato-ramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus con-
fertis ovato-lanceolatis anguste attenuatis subpiliferis integerrimis strictis margine recurvis subrevolutis, seta
longiuscula, capsula ovali pendula, operculo conico-acuminato.— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 116. Schwagr. Suppl.
f IST.

Has. Northern Island: scoriæ at Manakau Bay, west coast, Colenso. Auckland, Knight.

One to two inches long or more. Leaves entire and recurved in the margin, appressed when dry. Capsule pen-
dulous. Male flower discoid, conspicuous.—In habit it approaches to the next section, but the leaves are not
plicate. A Tasmanian Moss.

$ 3. BREUTELIA, Bruch et Schimp.— Leaves plicato-striate, with a narrow nerve.

8. Bartramia pendula, Hook.; dioica, caule fasciculato ramoso tomentoso, foliis patentibus ovato-lan-
ceolatis longe acuminatis serrulatis striatis excurrentinerviis, seta elongata, capsula oblonga sulcata pendula.
— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 21. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 239. FI. Antarct. pp. 133, 412.

Var. 8; foliis magis confertis secundis viridibus nervo longius excurrente.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, abundant.

Also found at Cape Horn, Campbell’s Island, Tasmania, Cape of Good Hope ?— Nearly allied to B. tomentosa,
Hook., but differing in the oblong pendulous capsule, and somewhat broader leaves.

9. Bartramia gigantea, Bridel; foliis lanceolato-acuminatis plicato-striatis serrulatis rigidis, seta elon-
gata, capsula oblonga sulcata cernua.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 161.

Haz. Middle Island: Milford Sound, Zyall.

Perhaps not distinct from the preceding. Stems more robust. Leaves wider, more evidently plicato-striate,
less attenuated at the apex. Seta longer. Capsule less pendulous, sometimes almost erect.—The original barren
specimen of B. gigantea, from the Isle of Bourbon, may be distinct, having leaves very widely spreading and sharply
serrated (vide Schweegr. Suppl. t. 63, and Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 2. 36).—A Tasmanian plant.

Tribe X. FuNARIACEG.
Gen. XXXV. FUNARIA, Schreber.

Peristomium duplex : exterius, dentes 16, obliqui, lanceolato-subulati, crebre articulati, apice disco re-
ticulato connexi, inferne striati, intus trabeculati: interius basi dentibus adnatum, processus sedecim
lanceolatos planos dentibus oppositos sistens. Capsula pyriformis, ventricosa, inclinata vel cernua, apo-
physata, orificio obliquo. Anmulus compositus, subinde nullus. Operculum breve, subconicum. Calyp-
fra inferne vesicularis vel inflata, superne subulata, demum latere fissa.—Florescentia monoica: flos
masc. discoideus. Antheridia paraplysibus valde clavatis immiata. Musci biennes ; folis laxe reticulatis
teneris.

1. Funaria Aygrometrica, Hedw.; foliis superioribus in gemmam conniventibus late ovali-lanceolatis
concavis integerrimis nervo continuo perigonialibus apice serratis, capsula incurvo-pyriformi striata sicca
plicata ore corrugata annulo composito, operculo convexo, seta plus minus arcuata.—Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 172.
Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. Fl. Antarct. pp. 135, 415.

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AMusci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 91

Var. B. calvescens ; caule gracilente, foliis superioribus patentibus siccitate contortis, capsula in pedi-
cello elongato stricto suberecta graciliore.—F. calvescens, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 65.

Haz. Common throughout the Islands.

This species is found in all parts of the world, the var. 8 in warm moist situations. The corrugated border im-
mediately surrounding the mouth of the capsule is a constant character of this species.— Operculum with a beautiful
red border.

2. Funaria glabra, Tayl.; folis erecto-patentibus obovatis apiculatis apice serrulatis evanidinerviis,
capsula glabra clavato-pyriformi curvula hine gibba exannulata, operculo planiusculo.— Taylor in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 57.

Has. Northern Island: Ahuriri and Raukawa mountains, Colenso.

Inner peristome small and imperfect. Operculum not coloured at the margin. Seta straight, twisting to the
left as in F. hibernica, but the leaf is more like F. serrata. In the elongated capsule it differs from both.—The New
Zealand specimens have longer sete than the original ones, which were found at Swan River, its only other known
habitat.

3. Funaria cuspidata, Hook. fil. et Wils.; foliis patentibus ovatis acuminatis planiusculis integerrimis
excurrentinerviis, capsula erecta pyriformi exannulata, operculo planiusculo, peristomio interno imperfecto.
(Tas. LXXXVI. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

One inch in height. Capsule small, erect, symmetrical, as in Physcomitrium. Inner peristome nearly obsolete.
Seta pale.—Differs from F. subnuda, Tayl., from Swan River (which is scarcely if at all distinct from F. physcomi-
trioides, Mont.) in the narrower leaves, with an excurrent nerve.—PrATE LXXXVI, Fig. 3 :—1, plants, natural size ;
2, calyptra; 3, immature, and 4, mature capsules; 5, leaf; 6, apex of leaf:—all but fig. 1 magnified.

Gen. XXXVI, ENTOSTHCDON, Schwegr.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, infra capsule orificium adnati, simplices vel gemelli, lanceolati, intus
trabeculati, siccitate erecti. Capsula erecta, pyriformis. Operenlum convexo-planum. Calyptra vesi-
culari-cucullata, ut in Funaria.—Florescentia, habitus, ete., omnino ut in Funaria.

1. Entosthodon gracilis, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule brevissimo, foliis erectis conniventibus subellipticis
acutis concavis subcarinatis integerrimis evanidinerviis, seta elongata gracili (siccitate sinistrorsum tortili),
capsula erecta ex apophysi angustiore plicata pyriformi exannulata, operculo planiusculo. (Tas. LXXXVI.
Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair, J. D. H.

Resembles Funaria cuspidata in size and general aspect, but very different in the leaves. Allied to Æ. obtusifolius,
Hook. fi, but has acute leaves.— Capsule small, when dry contracted below the mouth.—Prarn LXXXVI. Fig.
7 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, moist, and 3, dry capsules; 4, leaf; 5, apex of leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

Gen. XXXVII. PHYSCOMITRIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium nullum. Capsula erecta, pyriformis, symmetrica, exannulata. Operculwm conicum.
Calyptra vesiculari-cucullata.—-Florescentia, habitus, ete., omnino Funariæ.

1. Physcomitrium apophysatum, Tayl.; caule brevi, foliis erecto-patentibus ovatis acuminatis subser-
rulatis concavis evanidinerviis, seta brevi, capsula erecta clavato-pyriformi siccitate sub ore constricta.—
Taylor in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 43. (Tas. LXXXVI. Fig. 6.)

92 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Musei.

Var. 8; foliis subpiliferis magis acuminatis.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on clay banks, J. D. H. Var. 8. Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

One-fourth of an inch long. Seta short, rather thick. Capsule large for the size of the plant, as long as the
pedicel, and in the var, £ rising very little above the leaves. —Found also at Swan River.—PrATE LXXXVI. Fig.
6 :—1, plants, natural size; 9, plant, magnified ; 3, young capsule and calyptra; 4, leaf:—all but fig. 1 magnified.

2. Physcomitrium pyriforme, Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ.

Var. 8. pumilum ; folis latioribus erecto-patentibus subspathulatis acutiusculis concavis serrulatis
nervo subcontinuo, seta brevi, capsula pyriformi suberecta annulata, operculo conico apiculato.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Colenso, J. D. H. (A native of England.)

This species is common in Europe and in North America; South America? In size and aspect this comes very
near to P. sphericum, but the ripe capsule is turbinate, wide-mouthed, and of thick texture. Whole plant not
more than three lines in height, except those specimens gathered by Mr. Colenso, which are twice the size.

3. Physcomitrium pusillum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule brevissimo, foliis patentibus spathulatis acu-
minulatis subintegris nervo subcontinuo, capsula immersa subsessili subspheerica, operculo conico, calyptra
parva conico-mitriformi basi lacera. (Tas. LXXXVII. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island, Sinclair.

A solitary individual found amongst other Mosses. Resembles Phascum patens, and is closely allied to Gym-
nostomum Niloticum, Del. (Fl. Egypt.), which has much longer and more acuminated leaves.—Calyptra small, cover-
ing the operculum only. Pedicel shorter than the roundish capsule. Male flower discoid, with clavate paraphyses.
The Aphanorhegma serrata, Sulliv. (in Gray, Manual Bot.), which resembles this, has leaves serrulate, acuminate,
capsule hemispherical, calyptra conical, not subulate above, short; male flower contiguous to the female, very ob-
scurely discoid, wanting the proper perigonial leaves.-——PrATE LXXXVII. Fig. 1:-—1, plants, natural size; 2, cap-
sules and perichetial leaves; 3, capsule removed; 4, calyptra; 5, 6, leaves :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

4. Physcomitrium Perrottetii, Mont. ; parvulum, foliis ovatis acuminatis concavis in bulbum conniven-
tibus nervo excurrente, capsula pyriformi, operculo plano.— Mont. in. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1841, p. 256.

Var.; foliis laxius areolatis, nervo subcontinuo.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Knight.

Resembles P. apophysatum in the foliage, but the capsule is pyriform, not clavate.—Also an Indian species.

Tribe X. HEDWIGIACEÆ.
Gen. XXXVIII. HEDWIGIA, Ehrhart.

Peristomiim nullum. Capsula globosa, immersa vel longius pedicellata, brevicolla, exannulata.
Opereulum subconicum vel conico-rostratum. Calyptra minuta, conica vel cucullata. ores monoici vel
dioici; masculi gemmeeformes, axillares.—Folia enervia, concava.

$ 1. Eurystomum.— Rhizoma repens, subterraneum. Folia lage reticulata. Spore pregrandes.

1. Hedwigia repens, Hook.; rhizomate repente subterraneo, foliis surculi sterilis patulis subrotundis
acuminulatis fertilis conniventibus majoribus ovatis longe acuminatis apice attenuatis integerrimis laxe re-
ticulatis albescentibus membranaceis, capsula immersa in vaginulam brevissimam sessili sphzerica ore dila-
tato, operculo conico apiculato, calyptra minuta conica valde fugaci, sporis preegrandibus.—Hook. Muse.
Exot. t. 106. Wils. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 143. €. 4 a.

Haz. Northern Island: Raukawa ridge, Colenso.

Also found in Australia by Menzies, and Swan River, by James Drummond, One of the most remarkable of

Mosses, growing on loose vegetable soil, the succulent rhizoma extensively creeping.— Stems 1-2 lines long. Capsule

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Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 93

large, concealed by the pericheetial leaves, its wide mouth after the fall of the operculum nearly closed with a mem-
brane proceeding from the sporular sac, leaving an aperture scarcely large enough for the escape of the very large
spores. Calyptra exceedingly small, barely covering the point of the operculum. Inflorescence monoicous. Male
Slower spuriously gemmiform, or axillary below the fertile flower; antheridia mixed with filiform paraphyses.

$ 2. SoLEROSTOMUM.—Capsula scleroderma, siccitate striata; operculo vostrato ; calyptra cucullata. Folia

coriacea, rigida. — Florescentia dioica.

2. Hedwigia Humboldtii, Hook.; caule erecto pinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis obovatis concavis
piliformi-acuminatis rigidis coriaceis, seta longiuscula, capsula subglobosa sulcata, operculo e basi planius-
culo oblique rostrato, calyptra cucullata.— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 187. Anictangium, Bridel, Bryol. Univ.
Fl. Antarct. pp. 185, 415.

Var. B. australis ; caule breviore, foliis brevius acuminatis immarginatis, seta brevi.

Has. Middle Island, Zya//.

À native of Tasmania, Swan River, and King George's Sound, the Antarctic Islands, and South America.
After careful examination, we find this Moss to be truly acrocarpous, contrary to the opinion of Bruch and Schimper.
—Operculum with a long beak. Calyptra cucullate, reddish-brown. Seta 3 inch long. Perichetial leaves sheath-
ing, larger than the rest, reddish, glossy. Znflorescence dioicous. Male flowers axillary, numerous. Antheridia in
the axils of the perigonial leaves. — This Moss will rank very near to Braunia (Bryol. Europ.), and will constitute a
separate genus.

Tribe XI. SPLACHNES.
Gen. XXXIX. EREMODON, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 8 «equidistantes, vel 16 per paria connexi, infra capsule ore orti, plani,
siccitate incurvi vel recurvi. Capsula erecta, oblonga vel clavata, anguste apophysata, exannulata. Oper-
culum convexo-conicum. Calyptra conico-mitreeformis, basi appendieulata, lacera, glabra vel apice plus
minus aspera.—Florescentia monoica vel dioica: flos masc. capituliformis subdiscoideus, foliis involucralibus
e medio dilatatis: antheridia paraphysibus subelavatis immiata. Folia mollia, lage areolata, serrata, acumi-
nata, nervo subcontinuo, molli.

This group differs from Splachnum, Dissodon, and Tayloria, of Bryol. Europ., in the smaller number of divisions
of the peristome, supposed to consist, as first suggested by Brown, of thirty-two teeth, more or less united into single
or double pairs. — Te/raplodon of Bryol. Europ. is considered to have thirty-two teeth, divided into sixteen double
teeth; at first appearing as eight double pairs, subsequently as sixteen pairs: but in that genus the calyptra is di-
midiate, without any inflexed appendage at the base, and the apophysis is larger than in this, which does not appear
to have further subdivision of the peristome than that of sixteen intimately paired teeth.—Very probably Orthodon
of Bridel will be found to agree essentially with Eremodon in every respect but the hairy calyptra, and both may
ultimately be advantageously united into one genus.

l. Eremodon robustus, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule longiusculo tomentoso, foliis laxis patulis apice re-
curvis spathulato-lanceolatis acuminatis argute serratis nervo sub apice evanido, seta longiuscula, capsula
clavato-oblonga erecta, peristomii dentibus octo siccitate incurvis, operculo subconico, calyptra apice scabra.
(Tas. LXXXVII. Tig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, etc., Oldfield, Sinclair. Auckland, Knight.

A Tasmanian Moss. Fertile specimens 1 inch long or more, barren stems often 2-3 inches, with much of the
aspect of a Mnium, or of Bryum Auberti: it also resembles Layloria serrata, Bryol. Europ., but is more robust.—
Leaves distant, large, loosely reticulated, spreading, and not much altered when dry. Seta 4 inch long, rather thick.
Teeth wide at the base, yellow. Calyptra four-parted at the base, thence conical and entire, rough at the apex—
Pate LXXXVII. Fig. 2:—1, 2, plants, natural size; 3, capsule; 4, teeth; 5, 6, leaves :—all but Fig. 1 magnified.

VOL. II. 2 B

94 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

2. Eremodon octoblepharis, Hook.; foliis obovatis longe acuminatis subpiliferis integerrimis, capsula
clavata erecta, peristomii dentibus octo geminatis, calyptra levi.—Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 167. Schwagr.
Suppl. t. 129. Fl. Antarct. p. 123.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, common; on clay ground, etc., Lyall, Sinclair, J. D. H.

Found also in Tasmania, Australia, and the Antarctic Islands. Distinguished from its allies by the entire leaves.
— Not 1 inch in height. Peristome with eight double teeth, perforated down the middle, but seldom cloven, re-
flexed when dry ; columella in that state dido prominent. Nerve of the leaf sometimes excurrent, or continuous
with the narrow setaceous point.

3. Eremodon purpurascens, Hook. fil. et Wils.; folis patulis obovatis acuminatis evanidinerviis api-
cibus recurvis, capsula elliptico-oblonga microstoma, apophysi obconica angusta, operculo conico.— lV. An-
tarot p. 123. €. 51. f. 6.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Colenso, Bolton, Knight.

A native of Campbell’s Island.
Tribe XII. PoLYTrRICHEA.
Gen. XL. POLYTRICHUM, Dill., Linn.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 82-64, interdum 16, breves, ligulati, inflexi, duriusculi, e filis inarticu-
latis duplici lamina dispositis contexti, haud hygroscopici, epiphragma inter apices dentium sustentum. Ca-
/yptra parva, cuculliformis, plerumque indumento villoso vestita, interdum nuda.

A very natural and peculiar group, having the short almost horny teeth attached to a hemispherical distension
of the summit of the columella, which in the ripe capsule forms a membranous tympanum, so that the sporules can
only escape through interstices between the numerous teeth.—Leaves with vertical lamelle on the upper side,
attached to the nerve.—For the sake of brevity the genera given in Bryol. Europ. are here treated as subgeneras.

Subgenus 1. Arricuum, P. Beauv.—Calyptra anguste cucullata, elongata, nuda, apice tantum spinulosa. Cap-
sula cylindrica. Operculum tenuirostre. Folia lanceolato-ligulata, nervo angusto, parce lamellosa, sub-
flaccida.

1. Polytrichum (Atrichum) angustatum, Hook.; dioicum, gracile, foliis elongato-lanceolatis subpaten-
tibus anguste limbatis superne spinoso-serratis siccitate crispis, capsula suberecta tenui-cylindracea, operculo
tenuirostri.— Hook. Musc. Exot. 1. 50. Atrichum, Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. ee

Var.; setis aggregatis, calyptra longiore angustissima.

Has. Northern Island: shaded woods; Huiarau, Colenso.

This species is found in Europe and in North America.—Above 2 inches high. Seta 3 inch or more long, often
three together. Capsules slightly curved, brown. Leaves undulated and crisped when dry, serratures in a double
row. Calyptra longer than the capsule, very slender, spinulose at the apex. Operculum with a long, slender, inclined
beak.

Subgenus 2. OLIGOTRICHUM, De Cand., Bruch et Schimp.—Calyptra apice papillata v. subpilosa, cucullata.
Capsula in pedicello tenaci ovato-cylindrica. Caules rigidi ; foliis brevibus, solidis, late costatis ; floribus 6
rosulatis ; operculo Órevirostri.

2. Polytrichum (Oligotrichum) Zenuirostre, Menz. ; folis patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis
integerrimis parce angusteque lamellatis siccitate incurvis, seta longissima firma, capsula ovato-oblonga
suberecta, operculo tenuirostri—Hook. Muse. Exot.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies, Lyall.

This species has been collected very sparingly.—Stems short, + inch long. Seda from 1$ to 3 inches long, very

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AMusci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 95

tough, but slender, red below, yellowish above, glossy. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate in the lower part of the stem,
to oblong-lanceolate above, tapering in the upper part, subacute, their margins entire, concave; nerve narrow, con-
tinued to the apex; lamellse very narrow and indistinct, unless in a section; when dry the leaves are incurved, rounded
at the back, and folded together at the edges. Capsule inclined or horizontal, elliptical when fully ripe, at first
nearly erect. Operculum in Lyall's specimens longer than the capsule. Calyptra absent. Teeth of peristome thirty-
two, white, very small and short as in P. Moline, Mont., which has narrower, more subulate leaves, more copiously
lamellate and a wider nerve. It is equally distinct from P. canaliculatum, Hook. et Arn. The male plant is very
short; perigonial leaves spreading, widely ovate.

Subgenus 3. PsILOPILUM, Bridel.—Peristomii dentes 16-32, brevissimi. Capsula ovato-ventricosa. Calyptra

apice pilosiuscula, inferne nuda.

3. Polytrichum (Psilopilum) crispulum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, foliis laxe patentibus subflaccidis
siccitate crispulis incurvis lanceolato-oblongis acutiusculis denticulatis anguste lamellatis, seta elongata,
capsula inclinata ovata microstoma, operculo rostrato, peristomii dentibus 39 minutis angustis. (Tas.
LXXXVII. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: shaded woods; Huiarau, Colenso.

Stems 1 inch long. Seta 14 inch long, rather thick. Leaves crisped and tortuous when dry. Calyptra large, as
long as the capsule. Operculum half as long, reddish-brown, pubescent at the apex only.—A taller species than P.
compressum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (Hermite Island), with shorter, not subulate leaves, distinctly lamellate, and more
straggling when dry .—PraArz LXXXVII. Fig. 3:—1, plants, natural size; 2, capsule; 8, portion of peristome ;
4, calyptra; 5, leaf; 6, transverse section, and 7, apex of leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

4. Polytrichum (Psilopilum) australe, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule brevi, foliis confertis erecto-
patentibus ovato-subulatis rigidulis canaliculatis integerrimis dense lamellatis siccitate erectis incurvis, seta
breviuscula, capsula inclinata ovata ventricosa microstoma, operculo rostellato, calyptra brevi apice scabra,
peristomii dentibus 16 exiguis albidis. (Tas. LXXXVII. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

Discovered in Hermite Island, Cape Horn, whence the specimens, from having been mixed with those of P. com-
pressum in the collection, were overlooked ; they agree with those from New Zealand in the peristome, but have less
rigid and longer leaves.——Scarcely one inch high. Seta $ inch long, stout, reddish. Operculum one-fourth of the
length of the capsule, which has a very small mouth. Calyptra small, half as long as the capsule.—Differs in
many respects from the preceding, and is more nearly allied to P. trichodon, Hook. et Wils., which has larger,
softer, cuspidate leaves, lamellated only in the upper part.—PrATE LXXXVII. Fig. 6:—1, plants, natural size ;
2, immature, and 3, mature capsules; 4, part of peristome; 5, calyptra; 6, leaf; 7, transverse section of the same :
all but fig. 1 magnified.

Subgenus 4. CYPHOMA, Hook. fil. et Wils —Capsula superne plana, inferne gibba. Peristomii dentes 32-64.
Calyptra subruda. Folia argute serrata, basi vaginantia, rigida.

5. Polytrichum (Cyphoma) Magellanicum, Hedw.; caule ramoso, foliis patentibus recurvis rigidis e
basi ovata vaginante subulatis serratis, capsula inclinata vel horizontali oblonga semitereti, operculo conico-
rostrato, calyptra pilosiuscula—Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 20. FI. Antarct. pp. 132, 411. t. 59. EB.

Var. &; caule gracili, foliis brevioribus erecto-patentibus siccitate erectis.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: clay banks, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. etc. Fast Coast, Colenso.
Milford Sound, Lyall. Var. 8. Clay banks, Manga-Powhatu, Colenso. Stewart's Island, Lyall.

Like P. alpinum in general aspect.—Height 2-4 inches or more. Calyptra reddish, naked, except a few scat-
tered hairs below, and a few bristly asperities at the apex. Teeth 64, very small, white, nearly horizontal.—The
plano-convex capsule and almost naked calyptra have escaped observation until recently, and perhaps P. giganteum

96 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musce.

and P. longisetum ore only tall varieties of this species. It is found in South America, Fuegia, and Lord Auckland’s
Group.

Subgenus 5. PHALACROMA, Hook. fil. et Wi ils.— Capsula teres. Peristomii dentes 32-64, Calyptra parce pilosa.

6. Polytrichum (Phalacroma) dendroides, Commers. ; caule erecto triquetro dendroideo longissimo,
ramis fasciculato-fastigiatis subsimplicibus, foliis patentibus e basi vaginante ovata linearibus argute serratis
siccitate patulo-incurvis, capsula inclinata brevi macrostoma, operculo longirostri, calyptra parce pilosa,
peristomii dentibus 64.—Bridel, Mant. Muse. Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 112 (sub Pogonatum). Schwagr.
Suppl. v. 2. p. 2. t. 151. Fl. Antarct. p. 411.

Haz. Alpine and southern parts of the Northern Island, and in the Middle Island, Colenso, Sinclair,
Lyall, etc.

One of the most magnificent of Mosses; also a native of Fuegia.—Height 6 inches to 1 foot or more. Stem
branched near the top, several of the branches occasionally fertile at the extremity. Operculum longer than the
capsule, with an inclined beak. Calyptra reaching almost to the base of the capsule, sparingly covered with hairs,
often almost naked.

Subgenus 6. POGONATUM, P. Beauv., Brid., Bruch et Schimp.—Calyptra villosa. Capsula teres.

7. Polytrichum (Pogonatum) tortie, Swartz; caule simplici, folis e basi teneriore amplexicauli
lineari-lanceolatis planis serratis siccitate laxe incurvis, capsula subtereti lineata suberecta, operculo convexo
rostellato.— Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occid. Bridel, Bryol. Univ. pt. 2. p. 108. Polytrichum convolutum, Medw.
Sp. Musc. t.20. P. subulatum, Menzies, Linn. Trans. v. 4. p. 303. t. 6. f. 5.

Has. Northern Island: clay, banks, near the Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Tehawera and Hutt valley,

Colenso, Sinclair.

A native of the West Indies, East Indies, and South America.—Height 1-2 inches or more. Capsule some-
times smoothly rounded, in other cases distinctly marked with about six prominent lines, not angles, and the colu-
mella also is winged. Hence it is doubtful whether this Moss should not rank under the next subgenus; Bridel,
however, places it under Pogonatum, and notices the lineate capsule in the specific character. Original specimens
from Swartz, in Herb. Hooker, are too imperfect to satisfy us on this point, or even as to the identity of the New
Zealand specimens, some of which are so small as greatly to resemble the more common P. aloides, which has a
shorter operculum and the leaf not flattened nor at all pellucid: in this state it is P. subulatum of Menzies.

Subgenus 7. POLYTRICHUM, Bridel, Bruch et Schimp.—Capsula angulata, apophysi discoidea instructa. Oper-

culum brevius rostratum. Calyptra villosa. Peristomii dentes sepius 64. Columella alata.

8. Polytrichum commune, Linn.; caule elongato, folis patenti-recurvis lineari-lanceolatis longis ser-
ratis lamellis margine subbifidis perichetialibus membranaceis erectis vaginantibus, capsula tetragona,
operculo brevirostri.— Linn. Sp. Pl. Bruch et Schimp. Bryot. Europ.

Var. 8; caule gracili, foliis confertioribus erecto-patentibus.

Var. y; caule gracili, foliis remotis brevioribus.—P. remotifolium, Sewer. Supp. t. 154?

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Var. 8. Middle Island: Bligh's Sound, Lyadd.
(A. native of England.)

Subject to considerable variation in size and direction of the leaves.—P. formosum and P. gracile are nearly
allied, but well distinguished by Bruch and Schimper. It is a native of all Europe, and North and South America.

9. Polytrichum juniperinum, Hedw.; caule breviusculo, foliis patentibus subrecurvis e basi vaginante
lineari-lanceolatis margine inflexis integerrimis brevi-aristatis, capsula quadrangulari siccitate horizontali,
operculo rostellato.— Hedw. Spec. Muse. t. 18. Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ.

Mauser. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 97

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Port Nicholson and Auckland, Sinclair. Otago, Lyall. (A
native of England.)

Found in Britain, and common in all parts of the world. This can only be confounded with P. piliferum, which
has leaves suddenly attenuated into a longer piliform apex. P. juniperinum varies much according to situation :
when growing in wet, boggy, or turfy places, the stems are elongated, slender, and the leaves less spreading; in

this state it is P. strictum, Auct.
Gen. XLI. DAWSONIA, Brown.

Peristomium penicillatum, ciliis numerosissimis, capillaribus, erectis, zequalibus, inarticulatis, capsule
ore et columelle apice impositis. Calyptra subulata, latere fissa, indumento e villis intertextis vestita.
Capsula hinc plana, inde convexa. Operculum subulatum.— Habitus, folia, florescentia, ete., omnino
Polytrichi.

The character above given accords with the original specimen of D. polytrichoides. In that species, however,
the peristome appears to be double, the inner peristome adhering to the upper part of the columella, though, as in
all other cases, originating from the sporular sac, of which it is a continuation. The cilia of the entire peristome,
numbering 500 at least, or even 1000, appear to be disposed in about twelve concentric layers, three of which go

to the formation of the inner peristome. In D. superba there are eight to nine layers, and there the peristome ap-

pears to be single, no part of it being found to adhere to the columella. A further examination of both species in

a growing state is very desirable. The cilia are certainly capillary or cylindrical from the very base, and not, as

Schweegrichen represents them, flat below and thence bent into a cylinder; they are about „5%, inch in thickness,
and the diameter of the spores is about 3357 inch.

1. Dawsonia superba, Greville; caule elongato, foliis e basi ovato-subrotunda amplexicauli longissime
linearibus rigidis spinoso-serratis erecto-patentibus, seta brevi crassa, capsula foliis subexserta, calyptra
parva pallidiore pilis leevibus vestita.— Grev. in Ann. Nat. Hist.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Auckland, Sinclair. Tehawera, Colenso. Massacre Bay and
Port Cooper, Zyall.

From 5 to 14 inches high. Leaves often 1 inch long, more erect, and less crowded than in the other species,
their sheathing bases wider and more conspicuous, of a shining deep brown colour. Seta shorter and thicker. Ca-
Iyptra smaller, paler, and less elegant, the hairs not rough, but woven together with slender, lateral, hairy branches.
— The leaves in some of the specimens overtop the capsule. Inflorescence dioicous. Fruit ripe in August.—It

is also a native of Tasmania.

Incerte sedis. -
Gen. XLII. CALOMNION, Hook. fil. et Wils.

Peristomium 0. Capsula erecta, annulata, oblonga, ore angustata. Operculum longirostratum. Calyptra
dimidiata. Morescentia dioica; fl. mas. terminalis.— Folia trifaria ; lateralia distiche patentia, verticalia,
dorsalia stipuliformia accessoriave, cauli appressa. Surculi dense cespitosi, biennes, nec innovationibus
continuati, e rhizomate subrepente perenni orti, erecti, stricti, complanati.

This curious Moss may be regarded as the acrocarpous analogue of Hyptopterygium, Bridel. In habit and
vegetation it is closely allied to Tetraphis and to Schistostega.

1. Calomnion Zetum, Hook. fil. et Wils.—Eucladon complanatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1844, p. 538. (Tas. LXXXVIL Fig. 5.)

His. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on the stems of tree-ferns and dead trees, rare, J. D. H.
Waikehi, Sinclair.

29
a

VOL; II.

SS eee

98 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Muset.

Stems about + inch high, densely crowded, the surculi of the current year intermixed with old ones retaining
the bases of the leaves only, and hence appearing bristly, rigid, simple. Fertile stems forming a complanate, lanceo-
late frond. The lateral leaves distichous, elliptic lanceolate, entire, with a stout nerve reaching nearly to the apex,
vertically disposed as to their edges, but not as to their insertion on the stem, dorsal accessory leaves roundish-
apiculate, appressed, larger towards the top of the stem, which is nearly naked below, or with very small scattered
scale-like leaves. Perichetial leaves longer, erect, linear; areolæ round, rather small; texture of leaves firm ;
colour yellowish-green. Seta about 2 lines long. Capsule elliptic-oblong, erect, contracted towards the mouth, an-
nulus distinct. Operculum nearly as long as the capsule, with a slender inclined beak. Calyptra longer, subulate,
dimidiate, roughish at the apex, reddish-brown. Male stems in separate tufts, smaller; male flower gemmiform,
with small, closely imbricated, ovate scales; paraphyses few or none. —Prare LXXXVII. Fig. 5:—1, plants,
natural size; 2, a plant, magnified; 3, capsule and calyptra; 4, capsule without a calyptra; 5, 6, 7, leaves; 8, ac-
cessory leaf :—all magnified.

Section 2. PLEUROCARPI.
Tribe XIII. FABRONTACHR.
- Gen. XLIII. AULACOPILUM, Wiis.

Peristomium nullum. Calyptra sulcata, magna, capsulam obtegens, latere fissa. Capsula erecta,
sequalis, exannulata. Seta lateralis. Folia distiche imbricata, glauca, enervia. Plorescentia monoica.
(avra€, a furrow; Tos, calyptra.)

1. Aulacopilum glaueum, Hook. fil. et Wils., Wilson in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1848, p. 90. tab. iv A.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on trees, with Fabronia, Colenso.

A very small Moss, with creeping stems, sparingly branched. Leaves distichous, obliquely ovate, acuminate,
papillose, glaucous green, appressed when dry; areolw granular. Perichatial leaves erect, lanceolate. Seta short,
not twice the length of the capsule, which is roundish-ovate, truncate at the mouth. Operculum conico-rostellate,
half as long as the capsule. Calyptra nearly twice as long, embracing the seta below, and in other respects like
that of Calymperes, when ripe split laterally, yellowish-brown.

Gen. XLIV. FABRONIA, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, coriacei, per paria approximati, inflexi. Calyptra cuculliformis.
Capsula erecta, pyriformis, exannulata.—Folia plerumque ciliato-dentata, lave reticulata.

1. Fabronia australis, Hook.; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acumi-
natis concaviusculis subserratis plus minus secundis seminerviis, capsula subrotunda, opereulo planius-
eulo,—Hooker, Muse. Exot. t. 160. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 247 (fig. melior quoad folium).

Var. 8; foliis latioribus.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso.

A very small Moss, found also in Australia (King George's Sound).—Leaves crowded, more or less secund,
turned upwards, minutely serrulate. Perichetial leaves short, ovate. Capsule roundish, subpyriform, certainly
smooth (not ribbed, as Schwaegrichen figures it).—F. secunda, Montagne, from the East Indies, has leaves much
more attenuated and less crowded, and is twice the size of this. F. polycarpa, Hook., has leaves entire, and of
firmer texture.

Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 99

Tribe XIV. LEUCODONTEAÆ.

Gen. XLV. LEUCODON, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, basi connati, perforati, bipartiti v. bifidi. Calyptra cuculliformis.
Capsula erecta, equalis, exannulata. Morescentia dioica.—Caulis repens, radiciformis ; rami teretes, erecti,
sciuroidei. Folia dense imbricata, enervia, in plerisque plicato-striata, sublinearia, areolata.

1. Leucodon nitidus, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule vage ramoso, procumbente, ramis obtusiusculis,
foliis laxe imbricatis ovali-oblongis obtusis concavis integerrimis enerviis estriatis margine subrecurvis,
pericheetialibus longioribus convolutis, seta brevi, capsula erecta oblonga siccitate sulcata, operculo longi-
rostri, peristomii dentibus bifidis. (Tas. LXXXVII. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on bark of trees, rare, J. D. H.

Of this pretty species just enough has been gathered to supply the materials for description.—Stem about 1
inch long. Leaves erecto-patent, pale shining green, areolee narrow. Seta 3 lines long, red. Annulus 0. —Opercu-
lum shorter than the capsule. Peristome red, bi-trifid halfway down, trabeculate externally. Male flower absent.—
Allied to Pterogonium urceolatum, but differs in the obtuse, very concave leaves, and dioicous inflorescence. P. obtu-
sifolium, Torrey, has mucronate leaves (sec. descr.). In habit a Pierogonium, having little in common with Leucodon
sciuroides, and if ever generically separated we propose the name of Dichelodontium. Sclerodontium of Schweegrichen,
first employed for Lewcodon pallidus (which is a Dienemon, Bridel, and not pleurocarpous), has been ill associated
with S. pellucidum, Schweegrichen, which will form a second species of our .Dichelodontium.—PLaTE LXXXVII.
Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, operculum; 4, calyptra; 5, part of peristome; 6, leaf:—all mag-
nified.

Gen. XLVI. LEPTODON, Mohr.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, brevissimi, tenuissimi, lineari-lanceolati. Calyptra cuculliformis,
inferne pilis longissimis hirta. Calyptra æqualis, exannulata.—Caulis repens ; surculi pinnati, ramosissimi,
elastica, ramulis siccitate imvolutis.

1. Leptodon Sms, Micheli; dioicus, caule repente, surculis bipinnatis, foliis ovato-subrotundis
obtusis evanidinerviis, capsula brevi pedicellata suberecta oblongo-ovali, operculo rostrato.

Has. Middle Island: male plant only, mixed with other Mosses, on bark of trees, Lyall. (A native
of England.)

Found also in all Europe and the Cape of Good Hope.
Gen. XLVII. CLADOMNION, Hook. fil. et Wils.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, lanceolati; önterius, membrana in processus 16 carinatos
profunde divisa. Capsula erecta, sequalis, brevipedicellata. Calyptra cucullata, magna; operculum rostra-
tum.— Caulis repens; surculà erecti, elongati, subsimplices. Habitus Leucodontis.

We separate the following from Leskea and Neckera on account of the habit of growth, and the strong resem-
blance of the fruit to that of Leucodon.

$ 1. Capsula sulcata ; folia enervia.

1. Cladomnion ericoides, Hook. ; surculis elongatis erectis subsimplicibus, foliis imbricatis subovatis
apice recurvis plicato-striatis enerviis, capsula erecta oblonga sulcata, operculo longirostri.— Leskea,
Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 140. (Leskea ericoides, 4ucf.)

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Port Nicholson, Wellington, Chalky Bay, Milford

Sound, Menzies, etc.

1
ai
4

100 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Muses.

Also found in Tasmania.—2-8 inches long. Seta Linch. Inner peristome divided halfway into sixteen cari-
nate segments (as in Leskea); outer teeth yellow, firm, scarcely affected by moisture. Spores very large, and almost
gemmiform. Calyptra large, covering the capsule while immature, yellowish. Male flowers nidulant on the leaves,
small, often clustered. Capsule eight-angular.

2. Cladomnion seiuroides, Hook. ; dioicum, surculis vage ramosis, ramis subcompressis incurviusculis,
foliis erecto-patentibus subsecundis ovatis acuminatis plicato-striatis enerviis apice serratis, capsula erecta
oblonga sulcata brevipedicellata, operculo conico-subulato.—Leskea sciuroides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 175.

Has. Middle Island: Nelson, Bidwill.

Also a native of Tasmania.—About 2 inches long. Seta scarcely twice the length of the capsule, which is
obscurely cight-angular. Operculum above half as long. Calyptra longer than the capsule. Inner peristome a
short membrane, with rudiments of narrow segments; outer teeth pale. Spores small, greenish.—Leskea distans,
Mont. (Cent. 5.14 dis), may be the same Moss.

$ 2. Capsula levis ; folia nervosa. (Cyrtopus, Bridel.)

3. Cladomnion setosum, Hedw.; dioicum, surculis elongatis subsimplicibus, foliis confertis subse-
cundis e basi ovata subulato-setaceis solidinerviis serratis, capsula oblonga erecta brevipedicellata, operculo
rostrato.—Neckera setosa, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 8.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands : Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Dusky Bay, Menzies, Lyall.

Also found in Tasmania and South America.—Surculi often 6 inches long or more. Leaves rigid and bristly
at the apex. Capsule scarcely rising above the leaves. Operculum shorter than the capsule. Calyptra yellowish-
brown, the length of the capsule. Peristome red.—In this and in the two preceding species, fruit of a former
year may be observed lower down the surculus, which is annually continued from the extremity, without lateral

branches. This peculiarity does not exist in genuine Leshkee.

Tribe XV. PILOTRICHEZ.

Gen. XLVIII. METEORIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, erecti; interius, cilia totidem alternantes, basi libera vel
membrana brevi connexa. Calyptra equalis, erecta, exannulata, brevipedicellata. Opereulum rostratum.
Florescentia dioica.—Caulis repens. Surculi penduli, ramosi, ramis patentibus.

Under this section of Pilotrichum of Bridel we rank a few species remarkable for their slender pendulous
habit: whence the name, from werewpos, pensilis. They seem to require separation as a group from Prlotrichum
(named from the hairy calyptra), which has two-nerved leaves, and a rigid, erect, dendroid habit.

1. Meteorium molle, Hedw.; surculo elongato debili pendulo flexuoso, ramis subsimplicibus, foliis
imbricatis subspathulato-ellipticis oblongis obtusis concavis integerrimis enerviis pericheetialibus vaginan-
tibus duplo longioribus, capsula ovata brevipedicellata, operculo rostrato, calyptra pilosiuscula dimidiata.—
Leskea mollis, Hedwig, Muse. Frond. 4. €. 40.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Stewart’s Island and Port Nicholson,
Lyall.

Found also in Australia, Tasmania, Brazil, Chiloe, Chili, Chonos Archipelago, and Juan Fernandez. —Surculi
a foot long and more, very slender. Leaves narrower and subcordate at the base, concave above the margins,
inflexed and connivent at the apex. Inner peristome a membrane divided beyond the middle into sixteen carinate
processes, as in Leskea. Seta not 2 lines long. Calyptra pale and thin. Opereulum as long as the symmetrical
An ambiguous state of Hypnum cochlearifolium much resembles this, but has the capsule unequal and the

operculum short.

capsule.

AMusci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 101

2. Meteorium cuspidiferum, Taylor; surculo elongato ramoso pendulo flexili, ramis patentibus sim-
plicibus, foliis laxe imbricatis erecto-patentibus cordato-ovatis semiamplexicaulibus apiculatis integerrimis
subcoriaceis carinatis substriatis evanidinerviis minutissime areolatis basi auriculis denticulatis.—Neckera
cuspidifera, Zayl. MSS.

Var. 8; foliis latioribus cordatis siccitate undulatis basi lateribus reflexis.—Pilotrichum cerinum,
Wils. MSS.

Has, Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, Sinclair, J. D. H. Var. 8. Middle Island, Lyall.

Also found in the Hast Indies, Tasmania, and Norfolk Island.—Six inches to 1 foot long or more. Dark
green or sometimes yellowish. Inflorescence dioicous. Fruit not known.—Allied to Neckera nigrescens and to
N. Africana, C. Müller, which have leaves gradually tapering, and more acute.

3. Meteorium flexicaule, Taylor; surculo elongato pendulo flexuoso, ramis patentibus simplicibus,
foliis laxe imbricatis cordato-ovatis subspathulatis acuminulatis concavis estriatis integerrimis (basi tantum
subdenticulatis) nervo ultra-medio.— Leskea flexicaulis, Zaylor.

Has. Northern Island, Dr. Stanger. Hawke’s Bay, Colenso.

A Tasmanian Moss; it resembles the preceding.—Zeaves yellowish, more closely imbricated when dry, their
points only a little reflexed, smooth and convex at the back, not at all striated; Colenso’s specimens are narrower
below the middle and subspathulate, those from Dr. Stanger ovate, with larger auricles at the base. Dioicous.
Fruit unknown.—Specimens gathered by Mr. Stephenson are more slender, and are probably in an early state of
growth.

4. Meteorium pusillum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; surculo gracillimo debili breviusculo, foliis laxe imbri-
catis erecto-patentibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis margine subreflexis nervo brevissimo, peri-
cheetialibus erectis subconvolutis lanceolatis, capsula exserta brevipedicellata ovali erecta sulcata, operculo
conico. (Tas. LXXXVIII. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: Wairarapa valley, Colenso.

A very minute species, slender enough to elude ordinary sight. Scarcely an inch in length. Leaves suberect
when dry, dull green. Seta twice as long as the small, pale, octangular, oval capsule. Perichetial leaves the
length of the capsule. Operculum half as long. Annulus 0. Dioicous?—PrATE LXXXVIII. Fig. 1:—1, plants,
natural size; 2, portion of plant with capsule; 3, portion of peristome; 5, leaf: —all but Jig. 1 magnified.

5. Meteorium nitens, Hook. fil. et Wils.; caule repente, ramis densis brevibus erectiusculis, foliis
ovato-lanceolatis acutis minutissime denticulatis substriatis seminerviis. (Tas. LXXXVII Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern Island, Sinclair. (Barren scrap only.)

Shining yellowish-green. Branches two to three lines long. Leaves crowded, erecto-patent, erect when dry ;
margin subreflexed ; areole very narrow.—Probably an external shoot from a large patch, which may have the same
pendulous habit as the preceding.—PrATE LXXXVII. Fig. 7:—1, plant, natural size; 2, 8, leaves, magnified.

Gen. XLIX. CRYPILEA, Mohr, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, angusti, erecti: interius, cilia totidem alterna, basi libera,
filiformia. Calyptra mitreeformis, conica, glabra. Capsula zequalis, pericheetio immersa, subsessilis, annu-
lata. Operculum conicum. Florescentia monoica.— Caulis repens. Surculi suberecti, pendulive, subpin-
natim ramosi. Folia ovata, areolis punctiformibus, integra.

The small conical calyptra barely covering the operculum, and the immersed capsules, distinguish this genus
from the preceding.

l. Cryphaa consimilis, Montagne; surculo ramoso, ramis distantibus patentibus filiformibus, foliis

VOL. II. 9 D

102 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine subreflexis integerrimis nervo subcontinuo, capsula oblonga periche-
tio pilifero immersa, operculo conico acuto.— Mont. Cent. 5, 20.

Haz. Northern Island: Wairarapa valley, Colenso.

Also a native of Tasmania and Chili.—Surculus not two inches long, slender. Calyptra reddish-brown, roughish
at the apex, monoicous.—We have not seen original specimens from Montagne. Perhaps Neckera tenella, Schwee-
grichen (Suppl. t. 198), may be the same, but if so, it is incorrectly figured.

2. Crypheea acuminata, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; surculo breviusculo parce ramoso superne fructifero peri-
chzetiis numerosis secundis incrassato, foliis erecto-patentibus ovato-acuminatis integerrimis evanidinervils,
pericheetialibus setaceo-acuminatis, capsula immersa, operculo conico rostellato. (Tas. LXXXVIIL Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: Hawke’s Bay, Colenso.

Monoicous. Surculi 2 inch long.—Exceedingly like the European O. heteromalla, but the leaves much more
gradually tapering and acute, and the nerve longer.—PrATE LXXXVIII. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, 3,
leaves, magnified.

3. Cryphea dilatata, Hook. fil. et Wils.; surculo elongato gracili pendulo ramoso, ramis patentibus
brevissimis, foliis patentibus siccitate erectis laxiusculis ovato-subrotundis obtusiusculis evanidinerviis apice
suberenatis, perichztialibus lanceolatis nervosis, capsula immersa, operculo conico. (Tas. LXXXVIII.
Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Surculi 2-6 inches long, dark dull green. Leaves less appressed when dry than in other species, and the cap-
sule more immersed. Peristome double, reddish. Fruit often crowded at the end of the surculus and secund, some-
times scattered on the branches. Monoicous.—PLATE LXXXVII. Fig. 2 :—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule and
perichzetial leaves; 3, pistillidia; 4, 5, leaves :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

Tribe XVI. PHYLLOGONIER.

Gen. L. PHYLLOGONIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, «equidistantes, plani. Calyptra submitreeformis, subpilosa, basi
lacera. Capsula zequalis, suberecta, brevipedicellata, exannulata. Operculum rostellatum. Florescentia
dioica.—Folia dense ac concinne disticha, equitantia, complicato-carinata, enervia, tenerrime lineari-areolata.

Plante pulcherrime, sicce auree coruscantes.

1. Phyllogonium elegans, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; caule repente, surculis breviusculis vage ramosis, ramis
frondiformibus lanceolatis complanatis, foliis distiche patentibus arcte equitantibus oblongis obtusis compli-
cato-carinatis integerrimis enerviis, perichtialibus brevioribus erectis, capsula turbinata suberecta levi bre-
vipedicellata, operculo convexo rostello recto, calyptra magna pilosa basi sulcata lacera, peristomii dentibus
latis planis subbifidis pallidis siccitate erectis, columella longe exserta. (Tas. LXXXVIII. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands; trunks of smooth-barked trees: Bay of Islands, Sinclair,
J. D. H., etc. Cook's Straits, Zyall.

Surculi scarcely one inch long, the complanate branches about one line in breadth. Leaves with a rhomboidal
profile, the upper part of the outline of each so blending with the rest, as to form an unbroken line along the margin
of the frond; hence the apex of the leaf is concave and scyphiform, and the leaf cannot be flattened without rupture.
Seta about as long as the fruit, sometimes much shorter. Capsule when dry and empty very wide-mouthed, with a
very prominent columella. Teeth broad, almost membranous, apparently composed of four subdivisions, more or less
closely united. Calyptra entirely covering the capsule. Male plant not seen.—In a barren state the branches are

Musei.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 103

narrower, and the leaves deciduous.—PrATvE LXXXVIII. Fig. 6 :—1, plant, natural size; 2, seta, with calyptra
and perichetium; 3, mature capsule; 4, portion of peristomium; 5, leaves :—all but Jig. 1 magnified.

Tribe XVII. NECKERACEX.

Gen. LI. NECKERA, Bruch et Schimp.

Peristomium duplex: eaterius, dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, intus trabeculati, vix hygroscopici: in-
terius, processus 16, e membrana angusta carinato-plicata hyalina, cum dentibus alternantes. Calyptra
cucullata, nuda. Capsula ovalis, æqualis, erecta, mollis, exannulata, immersa vel exserta.—Folia octofariam
cauli inserta, distiche complanata, obliqua, transverse undulata, nitida, tenuissime areolata. Caulis repens.

Surculi erecti, pinnatim ramosi.

l. Neckera pennata, Hedw.; monoica, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis apice serrulatis undulatis
subenerviis, perichztialibus internis elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis, capsula immersa, operculo brevirostri,
calyptra parva vix infra operculum producta.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. v. 3. t. 19. Bruch et Schimp., Bryol.
Europ.

Has. Northern Island: trunks of trees; Wangarei and Wairau, Colenso.

Very rarely found in Scotland, Ireland, and throughout Europe; abundant in North and South America, East

Indies, ete.

2. Neckera Zevigata, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoica, surculo pinnatim ramoso, foliis ovatis obtusis in-
tegerrimis dorso levigatis convexis (haud undulatis) nervo brevi, pericheetialibus convolutis lanceolatis, cap-
sula exserta brevipedicellata. (Tas. LXXXVIII. Fig. 3.)

Has. Middle Island: Banks’ Peninsula and Port Cooper, Zyall.

One inch in height. Leaves more loosely imbricated, full green, firm; nerve ceasing below the middle. Cap-
sule just exserted, on a very short pedicel.—Allied to N. Jamesoni, Taylor; but that has the leaves acute and undu-
lated.—Piate LXXXVIII. Fig. 3:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of stem, pericheetium, and capsule; 3, peri-
cheetium and capsule; 4, 5, leaves :—all but fig. 1. magnified.

Gen. LII. TRACHYLOMA, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, angusti, subnodulosi, duri: interius, cilia totidem cum iis
alternantia, e membrana brevi orta, angusta, carinata, nodulosa. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula erecta,
oblonga, subeequalis, curvula, exannulata.— Folia subenervia, complanata. Habitus dendroideus, caule
repente, surculo superne pinnatim ramoso.

The generic name is founded upon a mistaken view of the inner peristome : tpaxus, rough, and wpa, margin (of
the cilia). The peristome, especially as to the structure of the teeth, is that of Neckera; but the leaves, though
complanate, are not oblique, and the habit is more dendroid. ‘The cilia of the inner peristome are not at all lacu-
nose, hence not in accordance with Climacium of Bruch and Schimper; and the pinnate ramification is also at
variance with the definition of that genus, and in the peristome it differs from Zsothecium.—For the present it is con-
sidered inexpedient to change the name given by Bridel.

l. Trachyloma planifoliwm, Hook.; dioicum, surculo erecto pinnatim ramoso, ramis complanatis,
foliis distiche imbricatis erecto-patentibus ovatis apice serratis subenerviis, capsula erecta subcylindrica, oper-
culo conico-subulato.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. t. 2. p. 918. Neckera planifolia, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 23
(vie Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 48).

104 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Musct.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Waikehi, Sinclair. Dusky Bay, Port Nicholson, Milford Sound,
Thomson’s Sound, and Bligh’s Sound, Zyall.

About three inches in height (from a creeping rhizoma), bright shining green. Leaves sometimes with an ex-
ceedingly faint nerve one-third of their own length. Seta $ inch or more, flexuose, sometimes arcuate at the top,
as in Hedwig’s figure. Capsule large, slightly curved or unequal. Peristome long, about one-third the length of
the capsule; teeth pale yellow, incurved when dry. Inner peristome almost white. Perichetial leaves long and
narrow, serrated. Anictangium planifolium of Hedwig, Sp. Musc., may be quite distinct, having leaves more tapering
and more spreading; and in Herb. Hook. is a barren specimen from Java, given by Professor Nees, which seems the
same as Hedwig’s Moss, and different from the one above described. Schwegrichen, however, suspects that Hedwig’s
plant may be Hypnum aciculare.

Tribe XVIII. IsorHEctacem.

Gen. LIII. ISOTHECIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, ut in Hypno: interius, membrana in processus 16 carinatos
cum vel absque ciliis interpositis profunde divisa. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula erecta, zequalis vel
e curvatura pedicelli cernua, subsequalis, annulata.—Habitus dendroideus. Rhizoma repens. Surculi inferne
nudi, rigidi, superne pinnatim ramosi.

Bruch and Schimper restrict the definition of the genus. We here follow Bridel, admitting, however, that the
group is susceptible of subdivision.

§ 1. Fronde diffusa, suberecta.

1. Isothecium sulcatum, Hook.; dioicum, surculo pinnatim ramoso, ramis confertis ramulosis, foliis
confertis imbricatis suberectis ovatis obtusiusculis mucronulatis concavis (cymbiformibus) apice serrulatis
solidinerviis dorso spinulosis, seta breviuscula, capsula cylindrica erecta sulcata, operculo subulato.—Leskea,
Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 164. Sehwagr. Suppl. t. 270. Clinacium sulcatum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands and Auckland, Sinclair, J. D. H., Colenso. On trunks of
Kikatea Pine-trees (barren).

An Australian Moss.—Surculi 2-3 inches long, with yellowish foliage. Branches crowded, numerous, the
larger fronds bipinnate, in form subovate. Leaves concave, boat-shaped at the apex, the strong nerve spinulose at
the back. Fruit inserted near the top (often on the branches) of the frond. Seta 4 inch long. Capsule reddish,
furrowed or oetangular. Peristome in the original specimen yellow (not red); the outer teeth incurved when dry,
faintly marked with a medial line, not trabeculate internally —The original specimens in fruit do not well show
the ramification.

9. Isothecium Arbuseula, Smith; dioicum, surculo bipinnato-ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus ovatis
concavis integerrimis basi obsolete binerviis, seta breviuscula flexuosa, capsula ovata suberecta vel cernua,
operculo conico.—Hookeria Arbuscula, Smith, Linn. Trans. Hypnum Arbuscula, Hook. Muse. Exot.
4.112. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 300.

Var. B. defleeum ; surculo laxius ramoso arcuato deflexo apice radicante, foliis remotioribus acutiori-
bus minus concavis.—H. deflexum, Mils. MSS.

Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, on trees. Var. 8. Middle Island, Zyall.

Also found in Tasmania.—Surculi 9 to 3 inches high, arising from a stout, woody, ereeping rhizoma, bare of
branches in the lower part, rigid. Leaves more or less concave, in the typical form inflated, more or less acute, in
the var. 8. tapering gradually ; perichectial leaves longer and narrower. Seta about two lines long, thick, flexuose,
often arcuate at the top, whence the capsule is more or less cernuous. Capsule variable, in some specimens straight

and symmetrical, in others curved as in Hypnum.

NA eme

Musci.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 105

This differs from Hypnum cochlearifolium chiefly in the rigid dendroid habit and firmer, less inflated, not
obtuse leaves. Raoul’s specimen (Herb. Muse. Paris, 24 b.) appears to be a state of this with more erect and less
concave leaves. A similar form, with branches much fasciculate, was gathered by Dy. Lyall.

3. Isothecium pulvinatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, surculo humili pinnatim ramoso rarius arcu-
ato, foliis sursum secundis erecto-patentibus rameis ovatis acuminulatis concaviusculis enervibus pericheetia-
libus squarrosis, seta breviuscula, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico. (Tas. LXXXVIII. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Surculus about one inch in height. Frond somewhat arcuate and deflexed ; branches slender, slightly incurved.
Seta four lines long, rather thick, arcuate above.—One third the size of the preceding, and essentially different in
the upward direction of the leaves.—PrATE LXXXVIII. Fig. 5 :—1, 2, plants, natural size; 8, 4, capsules; 5,
leaf :—magnified.

4. Isothecium pandum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, surculo inferne nudo superne pinnatim ramoso
arcuato deflexo, foliis distiche imbricatis complanatis ellipticis obtusiusculis crassinerviis apice serrulatis,
seta breviuscula apice arcuata, capsula ovata subpyriformi, operculo rostrato. (Tas. LXXXIX. Fig. 1.)

Var. 8; surculo majore, foliis magis oblongis siccitate subsecundis.

Has. Northern and. Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. 7. East Cape, Sinclair. Otago, Hutt
Valley, and Southern Island, Lyall. Var. 8. Akaroa, Raoul.

A Tasmanian plant, closely allied to the European Hypnum Alopecurum, from which it differs in its smaller
size, elliptic, obtuse (not tapering) leaves and thicker nerve, sometimes forming a very small mucro at the apex,
areolx roundish, dot-like. Seta half an inch long. Capsule short, seldom if ever bent, cernuous from the curvature
of the seta. —PraATE LXXXIX. Fig. 1:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, 4, leaves; 5, apex of leaf :—all but
Jig. 1 magnified.

$ 2. HypNoDENDRON.—Sureulus inferne nudus, rigidus, apice tantum ramosus. Rami in frondem horizontalem

deltoideo-subrotundam dispositi, subradiati, plus minus pinnatim ramulosi. Innovationes e basi frondis
latere orti.
a. Capsula levis. Operculum conicum.

5. Isothecium Menziesis, Hook.; dioicum, ramis umbellatis, foliis ovatis cuspidatis concavis margine
dorsoque serratis nervo subexcurrente, seta elongata, capsula oblonga suberecta, operculo conico brevi.—
Hypnum Menziesii, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 33. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 222.

Has. Northern, Middle, and Southern Islands: Dusky Bay, Chalky Bay, Milford Sound, and Port
William, Zyall. Waikehi and Auckland, Sinclair.

A Tasmanian Moss.—Surculus about four inches long. Seta 2 to 3 inches. Leaves on the lower part of the
surculus cordato-ovate, squarrose, much attenuated at the apex, almost piliferous; those of the branches slightly
compressed; the nerve narrow, often vanishing below the cuspidate apex; areola narrow, subpapillose. Capsule
subcylindrical, large, not contracted at the mouth, often erect, sometimes almost pendulous, symmetrical.

b. Capsula striata. Operculum longirostre.

6. Isothecium sponinervium, Hook. ; dioicum, comosum, ramis simplicibus complanatis, foliis appresso-
patulis subdistiche imbricatis ovatis acutis margine dorsoque serratis solidinerviis, capsula oblonga sulcata
cernua, operculo rostrato, capsula breviore.—Hypnum spininervium, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 99. Schwagr.
Suppl. t. 258.

Var. B. arcuatum ; seta arcuata, caule breviore. Hypnum arcuatum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 62. Ptery-
gophyllum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 348.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, from the Bay of Islands to Dusky Bay, Sinclair, Lyall, etc.

VOL, I. ds

106 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Muser.

Found in Tasmania and Java.—From 1 to 3 inches in height or more. Seta $ inch to 14 inch, straight in the
larger specimens, often arcuate in the smaller ones. Leaves glossy, bright green, the intermediate ones smaller, ap-
pressed. Capsule sometimes curved.—Hypnum Reinwardtii, Hornschuch, from Java, differs in the narrower, more
tapering, uniform leaves, longer seta, and longer operculum. The arrangement of the leaves in I. spininervium 1s
analogous to that of Racopilum. :

7. Isothecium marginatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, comosum, ramis subverticillatis pinnatim
ramulosis vel simplicibus, foliis ovato-oblongis vel ovato-lanceolatis concaviusculis marginatis serrulatis dorso
spinulosis solidinerviis, capsula subcylindrica curvata sulcata cernua, operculo rostrato. (Tas. LXXXIX.
Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands; common in watery places.

Taller and less elegant than the last, with dull green foliage, shrinking and twisting when dry. Essentially
distinguished by the margined, narrower leaves. —Pıatz LXXXIX. Fig. 2:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of
stem and leaves; 3, leaf :—both magnified.

8. Isothecium comosum, Labillard.; dioicum, comosum, rámis subverticillatis pinnatim ramulosis,
foliis patentibus subsecundis ex ovata basi subulato-setaceis rigidis serratis excurrentinerviis, capsula subcy-
lindrica sulcata pendula, operculo longirostri.—LabilZ. Pl. Nov. Holl. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 91.

Var. 9; foliis minoribus brevioribus minus serratis, nervo minus excurrente, seta breviore.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Waikehi, Sinclair. Dusky Bay, Lyall, and in several interme-
diate localities. Var. 8. Dusky Bay, Menzies.

A Tasmanian, Australian, and Javanese Moss.—Variable in size, 1-6 inches long, and in aspect; sometimes
with several successive innovations and the whorls of branches crowded, in other cases with a single whorl or
roundish horizontal frond at the summit of astem densely covered with brown radicles. Leaves rigid, the stout nerve
projecting as a rough bristly point of greater or less length. Sete 7-2 inches long, often numerous, aggregate
from the centre of the frond. Operculum nearly as long as the capsule.—Approaches to some Bartramie in aspect.
Hypnum divaricatum, Hornschuch, from Java, is nearly allied, but has shorter and wider leaves, nerve not excurrent.

9. Isothecium gracile, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule ramoso, ramis gracilibus recurvis, foliis
erecto-patentibus secundis ellipticis concavis obtusiusculis subdenticulatis enerviis, pericheetialibus squar-
rosis acuminatis, seta longiuscula levi, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.—/7. Antarct. pt. 1. p. 29.
LOLAS

Has. Middle Island: Otago, Mr. John Buchanan (Hb. Gourlie).

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Islands. Until fertile specimens were obtained, it was difficult to distinguish
this Moss from Plerogonium filiforme; from which, in the structure of the peristome and cernuous capsule, it is
essentially different.—Annulus large. Seta red, nearly 1 inch long.—Allied to Z. pulvinatum. >

Tribe XIX. Hypnacnaz.

Gen. LIV. HYPNUM, Linn.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, lanceolati, reflexiles, intus trabeculati, linea media notati;
interius, membrana carinato-sulcata in processus 16 carinatos ciltis interpositis mediotenus fissa. Calyptra
cuculliformis, glabra. Capsula ineequalis, arcuata, cernua, plerumque annulata, longe pedicellata.— Habitus
varius. Caulis plerumque repens, vage vel pinnatim ramosus.

In this genus we retain all but the dendroid species with curved cernuous capsules, and the Rhizogonia of
Bridel, with fructification at the rooting base of erect surculi. :

Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 107

$ 1. TAMARISCINA.— Caule pinnatim ramoso, stupa viridi e fibris ramosis composita villoso.
à Eriocladon, Hook. fil. et Wils. MSS.

1. Hypnum furfurosum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule procumbente furfuroso laxe bipinnato,
ramis gracilibus filiformibus, foliis cordato-acuminatis carinato-concavis integris evanidinerviis caulinis
squarrosis rameis arcuato-erectis siccitate incurvis, perichectialibus majoribus erectis laciniato-ciliatis longe
acuminatis, seta levi, capsula oblonga cernua, operculo rostrato. (Tas. LXXXVIII. Fig. 7.)

Var. 8; minus, foliis magis confertis, seta capsulaque brevioribus.

Var. y; foliis laxioribus longioribus, capsula brevi.

Var. 6; ramis brevibus crebre pectinato-ramulosis, seta capsulaque longioribus.—H. Meyenianum,
Hampe, Ic. Muse. Nov. ?

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant, Cunningham, Colenso, Lyall, ete.

Found also in Tasmania, Australia, and Norfolk Island. Of smaller size than H. recognitum, Hedw., or any of
the varieties of H. proliferum, and more nearly allied to H. minutulum, which differs in the monoicous inflorescence,
and wider, more patulous leaves.—Stems slender, rigid; branches distant in the normal state and very slender;
leaves yellowish, entire or scarcely denticulate at the apex, not papillose (dark green in the varieties), remarkably
incurved when dry. Seta about an inch long, red. Capsule pale-brown. Operculum rather shorter than the cap-
sule.—Z. versicolor, Hornsch., from New Holland (Sieber) may be a state of this, with the branch-leaves more obtuse,
and is perhaps H. fuciforme, Bridel. H. toxarion, Bridel, may refer in part to our species, but Schwægrichen’s
Moss from St. Domingo, so called, must be different. A barren specimen, gathered by Cunningham on decayed
trees at the Bay of Islands, with leaves shorter, more concave, serrulate, the nerve prominent at the back and
cristate, and more crowded branches, may belong to H. proliferum, but is not in a fit state to be determined.—
Prats LXXXVIII. Fig. 7:—1, plants, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, capsule, with the operculum removed; 4 and
5, leaves :—all magnified.

$ 2. ADUNCA.— Foliis nervatis, falcatis.

2. Hypnum uncinatum, Hedw.; monoicum, caule pinnatim ramoso, foliis circinato-faleatis confertis
subulato-lanceolatis longissime attenuatis striatis evanidinerviis subserrulatis perichsetialibus longissimis
striatis, capsula oblonga cernua, operculo conico apiculato.—Hedw. Frond. Muse. v. 4. t. 25.

Has. Northern Island: Huiarau River, Colenso. (A native of England.)

Found also in all Europe, North America, Staten Land, Kerguelen’s Land, Hermite Island, Cape Horn,
and other parts of South America.

3. Hypnum Kneifianum, Schimper ; dioicum, caule pinnatim ramoso suberecto, foliis laxe imbricatis
subsecundis e basi deltoidea ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis concavis integerrimis seminerviis, capsula oblonga
cernua, operculo conico.—H. aduncum var., Auct.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. A few scraps only. (A native of England.)

Also found in Europe and America. Differs from H. aduncum in the wider, less secund leaves, which are not
striated, subcordate at the base; branches more distant.

4. Hypnum /Zispidum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule arcuato vage vel subpinnatim ramoso, foliis
imbricatis secundis e basi ovata subplicata longe subulato-setaceis integerrimis nervo crasso excurrente, seta
levi breviuscula, capsula ovata cernua, operculo curvirostro.—Hook. fil. et Wils. in Fl. Antarct. pt. 1. g.
28. tab. 61. f. 2.

Has. Throughout the Islands; abundant in streams.

A native of Australia, Tasmania, Lord Auckland’s Islands, and Norfolk Island —Height 3-4 inches. Stems
Or surculi growing from a creeping rhizoma, branched only in the upper part, where the fructification is produced :

108 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Musei.

hence there is much affinity with Isothecium, and perhaps it may eventually rank between J. pandum and I. comosum.
This Moss has a peculiar harsh bristly habit. Capsule short, the operculum of equal length. Calyptra white, small,
coriaceous. Male plants more slender than the fertile ones.

$ 3. Foliis seminerviis, patentibus, undique imbricatis.
a. PRELONGA.—Seta scabra; operculo rostrato.

5. Hypnum muriculatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; monoicum, caule procumbente subpinnatim ramoso, ramis
brevibus simplicibus subcompressis, foliis patentibus cordato-ovatis acuminatis subserrulatis apice subpili-
formi attenuatis nervo ultramedio, seta scabra breviuscula, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo longirostri.
(Tas. LXXXIX. Fig. 3.)

Var. 8; ramis complanatis, foliis remotioribus minus acuminatis laxe reticulatis siccitate contractis
tortilibus.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J.D. H. Auckland, Sinclair. Akaroa, Raoul.
Thomson’s Sound and Port Underwood, Lya//. Var. 8. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

A small species, native of Tasmania and Norfolk Island.—£Stem creeping, 1-2 inches long; éranches + inch.
Seta nearly + inch. Capsule suddenly bent at its junction with the seta, as in H. prelongum, an allied species,
which is dioicous.—H. scabrisetum, Schwægr. (Suppl. t. 281 b.), from Nepal, closely allied, has narrower leaves,
and the operculum is unknown.—PrATE LXXXIX. Fig. 3:—1, plant, natural size; 2, 3, capsules; 4, capsules
with calyptra; 5, 6, leaves :—all magnified.

6. Hypnum austrinum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; monoicum, caule repente vage ramoso, ramis suberectis
incurvis subsimplicibus, foliis patentibus subsecundis cordato-ovatis acutis concavis serrulatis nervo ultramedio
pericheetialibus erectis apice attenuatis, seta scabra, capsula ovata cernua, operculo rostrato. (Tas.
LXXXIX. Fig. 4.)

Var. 8; ramis confertis gracilioribus, foliis minoribus.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Wellington, Port Nicholson, Milford Sound, and Chalky Bay,
Lyall. Auckland, Knight. Akaroa, Raoul. Var. B. Middle Island, Lyall.

Larger than the last, and approaching in size, etc., to H. megapolitanum.— Branches Y inch long. H. clinocar-
pum, Taylor, from Quito, may possibly be the same, but we have no specimen, and it seems to be dioicous.—PLATE
LXXXIX. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsules; 3, calyptra; 4, portion of peristome ; 5, portion of stem
and leaves; 6, leaf :—all magnified.

7. Hypnum remotifolium, Grev. ; hermaphroditum, caule vage subpinnatim ramoso, ramis elongatis,
folis patentibus cordato-ovatis acutis serratis nervo ultramedio, seta scabra, capsula cernua, operculo ros-
trato.— Greville in Trans. Wern. Soc. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 200.

Has. Northern Island, Sinclair and Colenso (barren scraps only). Auckland, Knight.

A South American Moss.—A larger species than the last, with glossy leaves, not shrinking when dry. Seta
(in the original specimen from Dr. Greville) rough, not smooth as in Schweegrichen’s figure.—H. speciosum, Bridel,
is closely allied, but has longer leaves.

b. CONFERTA.—SBeta levi ; operculo rostrato.

8. Hypnum confertum, Smith; monoicum, caule vage ramoso, foliis cordato-ovatis serrulatis nervo
ultramedio perichetialibus acuminatis suberectis, seta levi, capsula ovato-oblonga cernua, operculo rostrato.
— Smith, Fl. Brit.

Var. majus ; caule ascendente subarcuato, foliis subsecundis concavis.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands and Auckland, Sinclair, J. D. H.. Jackson's
Bay, Wellington, and Otago, Zyall. (A native of England.)

oo

Muse. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND, 109

This species is distributed throughout Europe, North and South America. This is a large form, differing from
var. Megapolitanum in the crowded incurved stems.—Tt is doubtful whether H. Sellowti, Hornsch. in Fl. Brasil., be
more than a large form of this species, which seems to be variable according to climate and situation. H. ulicon,
H. scariosum, and H. conchophyllum, Taylor, from Quito, probably belong to this.

c. RUTABULA.— Operculo conico ; seta scabra.

9. Hypnum rutabulum, Linn.; monoicum, caule vage ramoso, foliis laxe imbricatis patulis ovato-
acuminatis ultranerviis subserrulatis, seta scabra, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.—Hedw. Muse.
Frond. 4. t. 19.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Akaroa, Raoul. Specimens few and
imperfect. (A native of England.)

Common in Europe and in North and South America.

10. Hypnum plumosum, Schwegr. ; monoicum, caule vage ramoso, ramis suberectis subincurvis, foliis
imbricatis subsecundis ovato-lanceolatis concavis leviusculis ultranerviis apice subserrulatis, seta superne
scabriuscula, capsula ovata subcernua, operculo conico acuto.—Schwegr. Suppl. Hook. et Tayl. H.
pseudo-plumosum, Bridel.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Bligh’s Sound, Lyall. (A native of
England.)

Common in Europe, North America, South America, and the East Indies.—Smaller than the last. Leaves
less altered by drying, secund. seta smooth below. Operculum very acute.

d. SERPENTIA.—Operculo comico; seta levi.

11. Hypnum riparium, Linn.; monoicum, vage ramosum, foliis subcompressis laxe imbricatis ovato-
lanceolatis integris nervo dime Ce capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. v. 4. t. 3.

Has. Northern Island: Cape Turnagain, Colenso. A few barren scraps only. (A native of England.)

Very common in Europe and America.

12. Hypnum serpens, Linn.; monoicum, pusillum, vage ramosum, foliis laxis ovato-lanceolato-acu-
minatis laxe reticulatis nervo dew vel ultramedio, capsula oblonga subcernua, operculo conico.—Hedw.
Muse. Frond. v. 4. t. 18.

Has. Northern Island: bogs at Hawke’s Bay, Co/enso. A few scraps only. (A native of England.)

Very common in Europe, America, and the Antarctic Islands.

18. Hypnum sparsum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule bipinnato, ramulis brevibus gracillimis, foliis
minutis patentibus ovatis evanidinerviis margine scabriusculis dorso vix papillatis siccitate incurvis, periche-
tialibus multo majoribus acuminatis attenuatis intimis laciniatis, seta levi, capsula cernua oblonga. (Tas.
LXXXIX. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Wangarei, Col. Bolton.

Resembles H. minutulum and H. gratum, but differs in the inflorescence.—Nerve of the leaf pellucid. Seta
z inch long.—Prare LXXXIX. Fig. 5 :—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, pericheetium and calyptra ; 4, por-
tion of stem and leaves :—all magnified.

$ 4. Foliis squarrosis.
a. STELLATA.— Capsula levi.

14. Hypnum nodiflorum, Wils.; monoicum, caule vage ramoso, foliis patulis subsquarrosis ovato-
lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis seminerviis, capsula oblonga cernua, operculo conico, floribus 2 and g
aggregatis.— Wils. MSS.

VOL. II.

Do
by

esena aeiaaeeao naana

110 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. A few specimens only. (A native of England.)

Found in many parts of Europe and North America. This has been frequently confounded with H. stellatum,
but is very distinct in the inflorescence.—Leaves less squarrose, of firmer texture, yellowish. Nerve variable, some-
times wanting. Seta 1-2 inches long.

15. Hypnum relaeum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule procumbente vage subpinnatim ramoso,
ramis erectis elongatis apice incrassatis, foliis confertis patulo-recurvis siccitate tortilibus subflaccidis ovato- |
acuminatis subintegris solidinerviis. (Tas. XC. Fig. 1.)

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. Akaroa, Raoul. Wellington and Port Cooper, .Lya//.

Branches about 1 inch long, erect. Leaves dull yellowish, subsecund, recurved, slightly carinate, subserrulate
near the apex, nerve continued nearly or quite to the apex; areole oval, rather large, texture soft. —Puarz XC.
Fig. 1 :—1, 2, plants, natural size; 3, portion of stem and leaves; 4, 5, leaves :-—all magnified.

16. Hypnum decussatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso, ramis
simplicibus brevibus, foliis squarroso-recurvis ovatis longius acuminatis subintegris, nervo subcontinuo.
(Tas. XC. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: East Cape, Sinclair. Cape Turnagain and Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Allied to H. glaucocarpon, Schweegr. (Suppl. t. 228), but is larger, has leaves nerved nearly or quite to the
apex, and more acuminated.—Stem 3-4 inches long. Branches 4 inch. Leaves yellowish, more squarrose than
in HL. relaxum, and not shrivelled when dry.—PrLaTE XC. Fig. 2:--1, plant, natural size; 2, 3, 4, leaves :—
magnified.

b. Prycnomnion, Hook. fil. et Wils.—Capsula sulcata ; calyptra magna, subinflata.

17. Hypnum aciculare, Labillard.; dioicum, caule vage ramoso, ramis simplicibus elongatis crassis,
foliis squarroso-patulis ovatis longius acuminatis apice inciso-serratis enerviis, capsula subcylindrica arcuata
sulcata, operculo longirostri.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 92.

Has. In all the Islands ; very common about the roots of trees in the woods.

Also found in Tasmania, Australia, the Antarctic Islands, Cape Horn, Staten Land, Juan Fernandez, Chiloe,
Colchagua, and the Society Islands.—A very large Moss, height 2-10 inches. Seta 14 inch, purplish. Capsule
acutely octangular. Operculum longer than the capsule, its beak slender. Calyptra large, chesnut-brown, coria-
ceous, at first somewhat inflated below. Male flowers numerous, axillary, red, on separate plants, more slender
than the fertile. Habit peculiar, which may perhaps indicate its being a new genus.

$ 5. CocHLEARIFOLIA (Coelidium, Hook. fil. et Wils.).—Folüs valde concavis, obtusis, imbricatis, subenerviis.

18. Hypnum cochlearifolium, Schwegr.; dioicum, caule elongato subrepente vage ramoso, ramis
simplicibus erectis crassis, foliis patentibus imbricatis subrotundis obtusis spheerico-concavis integerrimis
enerviis, perichsetialibus vaginantibus, capsula ovata subcernua, operculo conico.—Schwaegr. Suppl. 1.
v. 9. p. 221. 1. 88. H. flexile, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 10 (non Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occid.). Isothecium flexile,
Bridel, ex parte.

Var. 8; caule subpendulo, ramis brevioribus, seta brevissima, crassa, capsula brevi subrotunda, oper-
culo conico-acuminato.

Has. Common in all the Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies, Lyall. Bay of Islands and Auckland, Co-
lenso, Cunningham, Sinclair. Akaroa, Raoul.

Found also in Tasmania and the Antarctic Islands.—Branches about 1 inch long. Leaves very broad, obtuse
and inflated; areole narrow. - Seta 3 inch, arcuate above. Capsule almost symmetrical, oval, rather small Oper-
culum about half as long.— The var. 8 may easily be mistaken for a large robust state of Leskea mollis, Hedwig,

Musci.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 111

but the pericheetium is shorter, and the shape and texture of the leaves are different ; It is also Tasmanian. The
H. flexilis, Swartz (Leskea flexilis, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 58), is a very different Moss, with an erect capsule and very
hairy calyptra: it belongs to Pilotrichum, Bridel.

19. Hypnum clandestinum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; quasi-monoicum, caule repente, surculis erectis
vage ramosis subincurvis rigidulis, foliis patulis imbricatis subrotundis obtusissimis inflato-concavis sub-
enerviis pericheetialibus subsquarrosis, seta breviuscula, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico. (Tas. XC.
Fig. 3.)

Has. Middle Island: Port William, Lyadi.

Also found in Tasmania. A smaller and more rigid Moss than the preceding, with greyish-green, less glossy
foliage.—Surculi somewhat dendroid and incurved, bearing fruit in the upper part, about li inch in height.
Leaves very obtuse and concave, inflexed or cucullate at the summit, margin almost entire; areole narrow. Seta not
half an inch long. Male flowers nidulant amongst or upon the leaves of the fertile stem.—In habit this differs
considerably from the preceding species, and approaches the following.—PrATE XC. Fig. 3 :—1, 2, plants, natural
size; 9, capsules; 4, 5, leaves :—magnified.

20. Hypnum divulsum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; surculis erectis rigidis vage ramosis, ramis subsimplicibus
subincurvis, foliis patulis laxe imbricatis obovato-subrotundis concavis obtusiusculis minute serrulatis
seminerviis areolis punctiformibus perichetialibus squarrosis, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico-acumi-
nato. (Tas. XC. Fig. 4.)

Has. Middle Island: Port Cooper and Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. Barren scraps only.

A native of Tasmania.—Of the same colour as the last, but smaller and more rigid. Leaves less inflated, less
obtuse, nerved nearly halfway, and the areole roundish. The male flowers appear to be nidulant, as in that.—
H. vagans, Hornschuch, from New Holland, is allied, but has acute subapiculate leaves and dioicous inflorescence.—
PraTE XC. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, 3, leaves; 4, capsule and perichetial leaves :—all magnified.

21. Hypnum chlamydophyllum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoicum, caule prostrato vage ramoso, ramis
simplicibus elongatis cuspidatis erectis, foliis patentibus imbricatis quadrato-rotundatis basi truncatis auri-
culatis integerrimis concavis, nervo brevi evanido, seta elongata, capsula ovato-oblonga, operculo conico.
—fl. Antarct. pt. 1. t. 61. f. 1.

"Has. Middle Island: Otago and Port William, Zyal/. Northern Island, in several localities, Colenso.

Also found in Tasmania, Campbell’s Island, Cape Horn. Differs from H. cochlearifolium in the inflorescence,
and in the broad auriculate base of the leaf.

22. Hypnum inflatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; surculis erectis parce ramosis tumidis acutiusculis, foliis
confertis arcte imbricatis late ellipticis apiculatis concavis integerrimis enerviis apice reflexis. (Tas. XC.
Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Manawaki, Colenso.

Surculi 2-3 inches long, ceespitose or crowded, very tumid, their diameter nearly + inch. Branches few, erect.
Leaves large, inflated, concave, membranaceous, closely imbricated, suberect, more crowded at short intervals along
the stem.—A very singular Moss, barren. Allied to Leskea maritima, Hook. (Muse. Exot.), and to Hypnum
phleoides, Bridel.—PraTE XC. Fig. 5:—1, plant, natural size; 2, 3, leaves :—magnified.

$ 6. CUPRESSIFORMIA.—Poltis secundis, enerviis.

23. Hypnum cupressiforme, Linn.; dioicum, caule decumbente vage pinnatimque ramoso, ramis
incurvis, foliis circinato-falcatis secundisve ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis concavis enervüs, capsula subcy-
lindrica subcernua, operculo conico cuspidato.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. v. 4. t. 33.

Var. 8. minus; ramis gracilibus, foliis angustioribus pallidis, capsula suberecta brevi.

112 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musei.

Has. Northern Island: mouth of Thames, Sinclair, Colenso ; large form of the species, with yellowish
leaves. Var. 8. Port Nicholson, Sinclair. (A native of England.)

A common European, American, and Tasmanian Moss. Variable in size and aspect; it may be distinguished
from its allies by the texture of the leaf, and especially by the eluster of enlarged opaque areolee at the marginal base.

24. Hypnum gracile, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule ramoso, ramis gracilibus recurvis, foliis
imbricatis secundis ellipticis obtusiuseulis concavis subdenticulatis subenerviis, perichetialibus squarrosis,
seta levi, capsula cernua oblonga, operculo conico.—Z¥. Antaret, f. 61. fig. 8. H. gracilescens, C.
Müller.

Has. Middle Island: Otago, Herb. Gourlie.

In habit resembling Pterogonium filiforine, but essentially different in the cernuous capsule and in the peristome.
Annulus large. Seta nearly 1 inch long.—Also found in Lord Auckland’s Island.

25. Hypnum patale, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, caule procumbente pectinatim ramoso, ramis superne
planiusculis confertis patulis, foliis lateralibus distiche patulis omnibus falcato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis
acuminatis apice subserrulatis enerviis pericheetialibus setaceo-acuminatis erectis serratis, seta elongata,
capsula ovato-oblonga horizontali, operculo convexo apiculato. (Tas. XC. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Waikehi, and Great Barriére Inlet, Sinclair.
Port Nicholson, Zyall. Auckland, Knight.

Found also in Tasmania and Juan Fernandez.—Stems more elegantly and closely pinnate than in the preceding.

ranches widely spreading. Leaves whitish, remarkably pale, glossy, widely spreading, the base marked with two
yellow spots. Seta 13 inch long, slender, reddish. Capsule rather small, more cernuous. Operculum short, blunt-
ish, never cuspidate.—PraTE XC. Fig. 6:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, 4, 5, leaves :—all but fig. 1
magnified.

25. Hypnum Sandwichense, Hook. et Arn.; monoicum, caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso, folis
lateralibus distiche patulis omnibus falcato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis apice serrulatis basi bi-
nerviis margine haud reflexis perichectialibus serrulatis, capsula pendula ovata brevi, operculo convexo api-
culato.— Hook. et Arn. in Bot. Beechey, p. 109.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; on trunks of trees, rare, J. D. H., Colenso.

A Sandwich Island small species.—Stem 1 inch long. Branches short, not crowded. Seta 3 inch.—4. Cha-
missonis, Hornsch., from Radack Archipelago, is closely allied, but in that the leaves are more membranous, not
widely spreading, and the margin is reflexed; capsule smaller, on a very slender pedicel; the operculum also is
said to have a short subulate beak.

26. Hypnum mundulum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoicum, caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso flexili,
ramis confertis erecto-patentibus, foliis eleganter circinato-falcatis angustis e basi ovata lanceolata longe
piliformi-acuminatis enerviis, seta gracili, capsula ovali subpendula, operculo rostrato. (Tas. XCI. Fig. 1.)

Has. Middle Island, Lyall.

A very elegant species, larger than the last. Leaves much narrower, and more piliform than in the ZZ. leptorhyn-
chum, pale green. Seta $ inch long, red. Capsule purplish-brown, with an operculum of the same length and colour.
Perichetial leaves rather short, moderately acuminate, subserrulate, erect.—PLate XCI. Fig. 1 :—1, plant, natural
size; 2, capsule and operculum; 3, capsule with operculum removed; 4, calyptra; 5, 6, leaves:—all but fig. 1
magnified.

27. Hypnum Zeptorkynehum, Brid.; monoicum, caule repente subpinnatim ramoso, folus falcato-se-
cundis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis siccitate torquescentibus apice serrulatis enerviis margine subreflexis,

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 113

seta gracili levi, capsula oblonga nutante, operculo longirostri.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. ». 621.
Schwagr. Suppl. t. 93.

Has. Throughout the Islands, Colenso, Lyall, etc. ; common on trunks of trees, J. D. H.

A native of Tasmania, Australia, the Antarctic Islands, Isle of Bourbon, South America, and South Africa.—
Smaller than A. Sandwichense ; branches more slender and delicate; leaves narrower and more attenuated, shorter
than in H. mundulum, and less circinate. Opereulum with a long, slender beak, exceeding the length of the cap-
sule.—Z. callidum, Mont. (Cent. 5, 7), from Chili, seems to be the same species, according to the description, while
his H. leptorhynchum appears to correspond with our ZZ, amenum (Fl. Antaret. pt. 1). Schwegrichen’s figure of H.
leptorhynchum tolerably well represents our Moss so called.

28. Hypnum cerviculatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule repente subpinnatim ramoso, foliis
falcato-secundis lanceolatis acuminatis apice serrulatis attenuatis margine vix reflexis enerviis perichetiali-
bus ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis serratis erectis, seta breviore crassa scabriuscula, capsula oblonga horizontali
basi strumulosa exannulata, operculo longirostri.—Hypnum leptorhynchum, var. 8, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Fl.
Antarct. pt. 1. (Tas. XOT. Fig. 2.)

Haz. Northern Island: Port Nicholson, Sinclair. Woods, Tehawera, Colenso.

Found also in Lord Auckland’s Islands and Tasmania.—Essentially different from the preceding in the inflores-
cence and roughish seta. Leaves wider, and more like those of H. amenum. Seta about i inch long.—Z. scorpiu-
rum, Mont. (Cent. 5, 6), appears to be closely allied, according to the description. —PLatz XCI. Fig. 2:—1, plant,
natural size; 2, capsule and operculum; 8, capsule with operculum removed; 4, calyptra; 5, 6, leaves :—all but fig.
1 magnified.

29. Hypnum tenwirostre, Hook.; monoicum, caule repente divisionibus subpinnatim, ramoso, ramis
erectis elongatis, foliis falcato-secundis confertis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis concavis subintegerrimis ener-
viis, capsula ovato-oblonga cernua, operculo longirostri.— Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 111.

Has. Middle Island: Bligh’s Sound, Chalky Bay, and Otago, Zyall.

A Tasmanian plant, and a larger species than H. cerviculatum, with branches 2 inch long or more. Foliage

usually dark green, often lurid. Seta as long as the branches.

30. Hypnum erassiusculum, Bridel; monoicum, caule repente vage ramoso, ramulis brevibus incurvatis,
foliis laxe imbricatis subsecundis lanceolatis acuminatis concavis margine reflexiusculis integerrimis, capsula
ovato-oblonga subcernua, operculo longirostri.—Bridel, Mant. Muse. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 91. Tsothecium
crassiusculum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 384. — Leskea ceespitosa, Hedw. Spec. Muse. 1.49? (non Swartz,
Fl. Ind. Occid., fide Swartz in Herb. Hook.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair.

Also found in the West Indies, North and South America, and Tristan d'Acunha. The Bridelian species is said
to be dioicous, but the Moss before us, which abounds near New Orleans, etc., and which we cannot refer so confidently
to any other described species as to this, is certainly monoicous. Perhaps Leskea Duisaboana, Mont. (Cent. 5, 16), /
from Mauritius, may be the same as ours, according to the description; compare also Z. acidodon, Mont. (Cent. 5,
15), from the Isle of Bourbon.

31. Hypnum pubescens, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, caule laxe subpinnato, ramis remotiusculis, foliis
patentibus laxe imbricatis vix secundis deltoideo-ovatis acuminatis serrulatis subenerviis, capsula cernua
ovata brevi operculo conico-acuminato subrostellato, capsula «equali, calyptra pilosiuscula. (Tas. XCI.
Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair (Herb. Gourlie).

Closely allied to ZZ. molluscum, and perhaps only a variety.—Stems more loosely and irregularly pinnate. Leaves

VOL. II. 26

114 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

more distant and wide-spreading, more evidently serrulate, with longer points, obscurely striated when dry, membra-
nous; areole wider, rhomboid; capsule shorter and smaller; operculum longer. Seta $ inch long.—Pıarz XCI.
Fig. 3:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, calyptra; 4, portion of stem and leaves; 5, apex of leaf :—all but

Jig. 1 magnified.

$ 7. Foliis distiche imbricatis vel compressis, piliferis, enerviis.

32. Hypnum crinitum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, caule procumbente elongato inordinate pinna-
timque ramoso, ramis remotis patentibus planiusculis subpinnatis acutis, foliis subcompressis erecto-patenti-
bus concavis e basi oblongo-ovata obtusa longe piliferis subserrulatis enerviis, seta elongata levi, capsula
ovata cernua, operculo conico.—H. filiferum, Taylor, MSS. H. extenuatum? Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2.
p. 484, (Tas. XCI. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island, Oldfield, Colenso. Auckland, Knight.

Found in Tasmania and Australia.—Stems 2 to 5 inches long, or more; branches $ inch. Leaves pale, shining
green, the piliform apex as long as the rest of the leaf. Seta 1 to 2 inches long —H. tanytrichum, Mont. (Cent. 5, 4),
from Java, may be the same, but the leaves are described as obovate, which is at variance with our Moss. Bridel’s
species is described from barren specimens gathered in New Holland.—Pıarz XCI. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size;
2, capsule; 3, capsule with operculum removed; 4, 5, leaves; 6, apex of leaf :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

33. Hypnum politum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, vage ramosum, ramis elongatis procumbentibus
compressis, foliis distiche imbricatis lateralibus patentibus ceteris appressis omnibus oblongis compresso-
carinatis subpiliferis integerrimis enerviis, seta longiuscula levi, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo conico-
rostellato.—Hook. fil. et Wils. in Lond. Journ. Bot., et Fl. Antarct. t. 154. f. 2. Phyllogonium calli-
chroum, Mont. Cent. 5. 9 (non Bridel, Bryol. Univ. pt. 2. p. 618).

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. (A few scraps only of the male plant.)

A native of Tasmania, Chili, Cape Horn and Kerguelen’s Land.—Tasmanian specimens in a perfect state have
branches an inch long.— Leaves very glossy, bright green, crowded and much compressed, so as to appear distichous,
but they are not so in their insertion. Seta 1 inch long. Operculum above half the length of the capsule. Calyptra

white, coriaceous, dimidiate, smooth.
Tribe XX. OMALIACER.
Gen. LV. OMALIA, Bridel.

Peristomium duplex, ut in Hypno. Capsula ovata, cernua, longipedunculata, annulata. Opereulum
rostratum. Calyptra dimidiata.—Caulis repens, stolonifer. Surculi ascendentes, pinnatim vel irregulariter
ramosis Folia octofariam inserta, distiche imbricata, complanata, lateralia obliqua asymmetrica, basi uno
latere inflexa caterum plana, verticalia, reticulatione minuta, nervo brevi vel obsoleto. Flores monoici vel
dioici.

In habit approaching very near to Pterygophyllum, Bridel, but distinguished by the calyptra, which is truly di-
midiate.

1. Omalia pulchella, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioica, surculo pinnatim ramoso rigido, ramis compressis sub-
ramulosis, foliis distiche imbricatis complanatis confertis obovato-subrotundis acutiusculis serrulatis seminer-

viis perichætialibus squarrosis apice lingulatis, seta lævi apice arcuata, capsula ovato-subrotunda nutante,
operculo rostrato.—Hookeria punctata, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844. (Tas. XCI: Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands; on smooth trunks, common, J. D. H. Milford
Sound and Port Nicholson, Zyall. Auckland, Knight.

A Norfolk Island Moss.—Sureuli an inch long, often bipiunate. Leaves light green, not glossy, crowded and

Musci.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 115

closely complanate, not altered by drying; areole punctate. Seta 4 inch long, red. Calyptra white, of thick and
firm texture. Operculum as long as the capsule, with a curved beak.—Prare XCI. Kies. 1, plant, natural size ;
2, capsule with calyptra; 3, capsule with calyptra removed ; 4, 5, leaves :—all but Jig. 1 magnified.

2. Omalia oblongifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils.; surculo bipinnatim ramoso, ramis attenuatis, foliis
distiche imbricatis minus compressis subsecundis spathulato-oblongis acutiusculis siccitate undulatis nervo
crasso ultramedio, capsula ovato-subrotunda nutante.—Hookeria punctata, var. 8, Hook. fil. et Wilis. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844. (Tas. XCI. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; growing with the preceding, J. D. H. Auckland, Knight.

Of deeper green colour than O. pulchella ; leaves longer and undulated when dry, less evidently serrulate at the
apex, or entire; branches more numerous, and attenuated.—Prare XCI. Fig. 6 :—1, plant, natural size; 2, cap-
sule; 3, capsule with operculum removed; 4, 5, 6, leaves :—all but Sig. 1 magnified.

. 3. Omalia falcifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioica, surculo vage subpinnatim ramoso, ramis complanatis
subsimplicibus, foliis distiche imbricatis oblongo-acinaciformibus obtusis enerviis integerrimis, seta levi,
capsula elliptico-oblonga nutante, operculo conico.— Hypnum falcifolium, Hook. Jil. et Wils. in Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1844. (Taz. XCIL Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Colenso. Port Nicholson, Zyall. Auckland, Sinclair.

Branches about 3 inch long, few. Leaves very glossy, bright green, crowded, oblong, acinaciform at the apex.
Seta above 3 inch long. Perichetial leaves erect, long, slender. Outer peristome yellow. Male flowers not observed.
Prata XCIL Fig. 1:—1, plant, natural size; 2, moist, and 3, dry capsule; 4, operculum; 5, portion of stem and
leaves; 6, leaf:—all but fig. 1 magnified.

4. Omalia auriculata, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioica, surculo repente divisionibus bipinnatis dilatatis, ra-
mulis obtusis incrassatis, foliis subsecundis concavis obovato-subrotundis obtusiusculis basi auriculatis me-
diotenus nervatis, nervo valido bifurco. (Tas. XCII. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Knight. (Male plant.)

Nearly allied to O. pulchella, more robust ; leaves yellowish, larger, wider, convex and glossy at the back.—
Prata XCII Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of stem and leaves; 3, leaf :—Joth magnified.

Tribe XXI. RHIzZOGONIACER.

Gen. LVI. RHIZOGONIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium Hypni. Calyptra subulata, dimidiata. Capsula inclinata, longipedunculata. Opereulum
plerumque rostratum.—Surculi subsimplices, erecti, subcompressi, cespitosi. Fructus basilaris. Florescen-
tia dioica. Folia rigida, duplici serie spinuloso-serrata.

The double row of spinous teeth on the margin of the leaf is analogous to that of Mnium, one species of which
genus (Hypnum acanthoneuron, Schwægr. Suppl. t. 258 2, Bryum Menziesii, Hook. Bot. Miscell. t. 19) C. Müller
has added to this, in opposition to the opinion of Schimper, who on his part seems to have erred in uniting H.
spininervium to Rhizogonium. Rhizopelma, C. Müller, is founded on Leskea Novæ-Hollandiæ, of which he had seen
only barren specimens.

1. Rhizogonium distichum, Brid.; dioicum, foliis distichis ovato-oblongis obtusiusculis apice dentatis,
nervo crasso sub apicem evanido, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo conico-rostellato.— Bridel, Bryol.
Univ. Hypnum distichum, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 87.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: shores of Waikare Lake, Colenso. Bligh’s Sound, Auckland,
Chalky Bay, Ship Cove, and Jackson’s Bay, Lyall, Knight, Sinclair, ete.

116 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Musct.

A Tasmanian plant.—Surculi $ inch long. Leaves dark dull green, of firm texture, with hexagonal areolee, not

margined ; nerve very thick at the base, tapering upwards. Seta one inch long, rather thick.

2. Rhizogonium Nove-Hollandia, Brid.; dioicum, foliis distichis vix marginatis oblongo-ovatis denti-
culatis nervo valido excurrente breviter cuspidatis, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo rostrato.—Leskea
Nove-Hollandie, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 83.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Port William and Port Nicholson, rare, Lyall, etc.

A Tasmanian, Lord Auckland’s Island, and Australian Moss. More elegant than the last.—Leaves glossy,
yellowish-green, somewhat pellucid, occasionally secund, usually distichous and complanate, rigid, obscurely mar-
gined at the base, scarcely so at the apex; areole guttulate, rather large. Capsule pale red, deep red at the mouth.
Seta reddish, one inch long. Operculum nearly as long as the capsule. Inner peristome with very short cilia, two
together. Annulus large.—Very few specimens are in the collection, and mostly incomplete.

3. Rhizogonium pennatum, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioicum, foliis distichis patulis oblongo-lanceolatis
marginatis nervo valido excurrente cuspidatis integerrimis, capsula ovata basi attenuata inclinata annulata,
operculo conico-rostellato. (Tas. XCII. Fig. 2.)

Haz. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Preservation, Lyall.

Still more elegant than the last,—Surculi 1 inch long, slender. Leaves shining, very pale yellowish-green, sub-
diaphanous; margin thickened; nerve more excurrent. Capsule small, suberect, almost turbinate. Operculum
nearly as long as the capsule. Inner peristome with short cilia.—PrATE XCII, Fig. 2:—1, 2, plants, natural size ;
3, capsule; 4, leaf :-—both magnified.

4. Rhizogonium Difarium, Hook.; dioicum, surculo superne ramoso, foliis distantibus distichis paten-
tibus ovato-lanceolatis concaviusculis submarginatis solidinerviis duplici serie spinuloso-serratis, capsula
ovata horizontali, operculo conico-acuminato subrostellato.—Hypnum bifarium, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 57.
Isothecium bifarium, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. pt. 2. p. 356.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Hutt Valley, Milford Sound, and Port
Preservation, Zyall. Waikehi and Auckland, Sinclair. Akaroa, Raoul.

Found also in Lord Auckland’s Island.—Surculi 3 inch long, slender, bearing fruit about midway, not at the
base." Branches few, subfasciculate and curved to one side, slender, the rachis zigzag. Leaves dull green, of firm
texture, the margin thickened towards the base, and more or less so to the apex. Seta z inch long, slender, curved

at the top. Capsule small, roundish-ovate. —Operculum shorter than the capsule.

5. Rhizogonium spiniforme, Linn.; foliis laxe imbricatis patentibus rigidis lineari-subulatis marginatis
excurrenti-nerviis duplici serie spinoso-serratis, seta basilari elongata, capsula oblonga arcuata horizontali,
operculo rostrato.—Hedw. Muse. v. 8. t. 25. Hypnum spiniforme, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 557.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Cunningham.

A native of Tasmania, the Antarctie Islands, Norfolk Island, South America, West Indies, Sandwich and Pacific
Islands, Florida, Mexico, East Indies, Philippine Islands, Java, Ceylon, and South Africa.—Surculi 1 to 3 inches
high. Leaves rigid, and sharply serrate, both on the edges and at the back, yellowish-brown or reddish.

6. Rhizogonium mnioides, Hook. ; foliis erecto-patentibus basi decurrentibus lanceolato-subulatis an-
guste marginatis duplici serie dentatis solidinerviis siccitate tortilibus, seta elongata basilari, capsula ovata
subcernua, operculo rostrato.—Hypnum mnioides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 17. Bridel, Bryol. Unw. p. 559.
Hypnum subbasilare, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 256.

Has. Mountains of the Northern Island, Colenso. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, M enzies, Lyall.

Found in Tasmania, the Antarctic Islands, and throughout South America, from Cape Horn to New Granada.

Musci. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 117

~-Sureult $ inch to 1 inch long. Leaves dull, dark green, wider and much less rigid than in the preceding, twisting
when dry, the sides folding together. Capsule shorter. Seta 14 inch long, inserted near the base of the surculus.

Gen. LVII. HYMENODON, Hook. fil. et Wils.

Peristomium simplex. Dentes 16, membranacei, «equidistantes, lineari-subulati, planiusculi, fugaces,
apicibus coherentes, membrana basilari angusta connexi. Calyptra dimidiata. Capsula suberecta. Oper-
culum rostratum. Florescentia dioica.—Folia distiche imbricata, elliptica, plana, pilifera, papillosa, areolis
subrotundis, minutis. Habitus Rhizogonii. Vita arborea, presertim ad truncos Filicum arborescentium.

According to C. Müller (Bot. Zeit. Nov. 1847), the peristome is internal, but its origin from the sporular sac

seems to us to be very questionable. Better specimens are wanted for further examination.

l. Hymenodon piliferus, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicus, surculis simplicibus, foliis laxe disticheque im-
bricatis patentibus elliptico-oblongis planis longe piliferis evanidinerviis papillosis margine crenulatis peri-
cheetialibus lanceolato-acuminatis erectis, seta elongata basilari gracili, capsula inclinata ovali ore coarctata.
—Hypnum Mougeotianum, D'Urville? (Tan. XOII. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Colenso ; common on the trunks of Cyathea deal-
bata, but not observed elsewhere, J. D. H.

Also found in Tasmania.—Surculi 4 inch long. Leaves light verdigris or subglaucous green, not at all glossy,
moistened in water with difficulty ; the piliform apex nearly as long as the rest of the leaf; nerve vanishing below it ;
reticulation almost granular, brittle; the areolee roundish, prominent and papillose on both sides. Seta nearly 1 inch
long, reddish. Capsule slightly contracted at the mouth. Zeeth of the peristome long, white, fugacious, longitudi-
nally striated, and transversely but faintly articulate. Young calyptra white, small.—The Brazilian Z7. cruginosus
has narrower leaves and the nerve excurrent. Z. sericeus, ©. Müller, from Java, is described with glossy leaves and
excurrent nerve, —PrATE XCII Fig. 8:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, part of peristome; 4, calyptra; 5,
portion of stem; 6, 7, leaves :—all but fig. 1 magnified.

. Tribe XXII. HyroPTERYGIEA.

Gen. LVIII. HYPOPTERYGIUM, Bridel.

Peristomium Hypni. Calyptra conico-subulata, plerumque latere fissa. Capsula zequalis, longe pe-
dunculata, cernua vel pendula. Opereulum e basi convexa rostratum.—Caulis repens. Surculi dendroidei,
pinnatim ramosi, complanati. Folia tristicha, lateralia pterygoidea, obliqua, verticalia, dorsalia (tegmina
dicta) minora aliterque conformata, subappressa.

The fructification in this and in the two following genera is lateral, underneath the proper leaves, not (as Bridel
supposed) in the axillee of the accessory or dorsal leaves.

1. Hypopterygium filiculeforme, Brid.; dioicum, surculo tripinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, ramis
densis attenuatis, foltis distichis patentibus oblique cordato-ovatis evanidinerviis apice subserrulatis, tegmini-
bus subrotundis acuminulatis, capsula ovata pendula, operculo rostrato.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. pt. 9. p. 112.
Leskea filiculeeformis, Medw. Sp. Muse. t. 50. Hypnum filiculeeforme, Sehwegr. Suppl. t. 281 a.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Ruahine range, Colenso. Wellington,
Hutt Valley, Ship Cove, and Otago, Lyall. Akaroa, Raoul.

-~ Burculus 3 inches long, the frond widely ovate, or deltoid, or roundish, the principal divisions radiating from a
centre, tripinnate, the branches very numerous. Leaves deep green, small. Seta rather short, not half an inch long.

VOL: I. 2H

118 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Musci.

Operculum nearly as long as the capsule. Peristome yellow, the inner one furnished with cilia. Calyptra dimidiate,
not mitriform.

2. Hypopterygium rotulatum, Hedw.; monoicum, surculo bipinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, ramis
horizontaliter radiatis, foliis distiche imbricatis patentibus rotundo-ovatis subflaccidis (siccitate crispulis un-
dulatis) marginatis evanidinerviis apice subdenticulatis, tegminibus subrotundis acuminulatis brevissime
nervatis, capsula pendula, operculo rostrato.—Leskea rotulata, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 51. Bridel, Bryol. Univ.
pt. 2. p. 118?

Haz. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair. Southern Island, Lyall.

Also found in the Mauritius. In the absence of authentic specimens, it is almost impossible to ascertain
whether this or the following species be the one intended by Hedwig. The figure of Leskea rotulata does not well
exhibit the ramification, but we refer this Moss to that species because it is the only one in which the accessory
leaves can be considered nerveless.—Surculus + inch long, or more. Leaves dull green, not crowded, more loosely
reticulated than in the following, much undulated and crisped when dry; nerve ceasing halfway up the leaf.
Perichatial leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave. Inner peristome with cilia.— H. laricinum, Hook., differs in
the larger size and leaves not bordered.

3. Hypopterygium Smithianum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, surculo bipinnatim ramoso inferne nudo,
foliis distichis ovato-subrotundis acuminulatis concaviusculis deflexis marginatis evanidinerviis apice denti-
culatis, tegminibus subrotundis acuminulatis solidinerviis, pericheetialibus lanceolato-acuminatis, capsula pen-
dula, operculo rostrato.—Hookeria rotulata, Smith, in Linn. Trans. v. 9. p. 219 (non Hedw. Sp. Musc.).
H. pallidisetum, Wils. MSS.

Var. 8. minus; folis densius imbricatis deflexis subsecundis.—Hypopterygium rotulatum, var. 8, in-
curvum, Bridel ?

Has. Throughout the Islands. Var. a. Dusky Bay, Menzies. Bay of Islands, Cunningham, ete. Hast
coast and interior, Colenso, Sinclair. Port William, Lyall. Var. B. Bay of Islands; at the roots of trees,
J. D.H. Port Nicholson, Sinclair. Rangitikei River, Colenso.

A Tasmanian Moss, essentially distinguished from the preceding by the dioicous inflorescence, and by the con-
tinuous nerve of the accessory leaves.—Leaves more obtuse and concave, of firmer texture, more evidently margined,
more or less deflexed, bending over the accessory leaves, pale yellowish-green (but a dull green variety of this with
softer leaves, crisped when dry, is found in Norfolk Island, and may be mistaken for the true H. rotulatum).—Seta
and capsule pale reddish. Calyptra dimidiate. Inner peristome with cilia.—Very probably this species has been
confounded with the preceding by Bridel and others.

4. Hypopterygium setigerum, P. Beauv.; dioicum, surculo bipinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, ramis ra-
diatis horizontalibus, foliis ovatis acuminulatis spinuloso-serratis evanidinerviis, tegminibus ovatis longius
acuminatis spinoso-ciliatis, setulis intrafoliaceis aciculiformibus tegminibus longioribus, capsula pendula
brevipedunculata basi tuberculata, operculo longirostri.—Hypnum setigerum, P. Beauv. Prodr. ditheog. p.
70. Leskea tamariscina, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 51 (non Swartz).

Has. Common throughout the Islands, Cunningham, ete.

A native of Lord Auckland's Group.—Surculus nearly 2 inches high. Frond roundish, horizontal, l inch or
more in diameter. . Leaves yellowish-green, rather glossy, not much altered by drying, sharply serrulate. Seta very
thick, 4 inch long, purplish, suddenly bent, not arcuate at the top; capsule pendulous, closely applied to the seta,
ovate, pale brown, very abrupt and tuberculate at the base. Operculum as long as the capsule, pale yellow. An-
nulus distinct. Calyptra conico-mitriform, not dimidiate, coriaceous, as long as the operculum, yellowish.

An authentic specimen of Leskea tamariscina, Swartz, in the Hookerian Herbarium, from Dr. Swartz, is iden-
tical with Hypnum laricinum, Hook. Musc. Exot.; and Hedwig greatly erred in uniting this to it. H. setigerum is

i
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i
i
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Musei.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 119

abundantly different in the conspicuous setule intermixed with the leaves, and in the dioicous inflorescence. It is
also very different in aspect, and altogether a more elegant Moss. It seems to be rare, and is seldom found with
fruit.

Gen. LIX. LOPIDIUM, Hook. fil. et Wiis.

Peristomium duplex, Leskee: internum ciliis nullis. Calyptra conico-subulata. Capsula eequalis,
inclinata vel cernua, annulata, breviter pedicellata. Operculum rostratam.—Caulis repens. Sureuli sub-
dendroidei, pinnatim ramosi; fronde elongata erecta; ramis haud radiatis. Folia tristicha, oblonga, latera-
ha obliqua. (Name from Xorris, a scale.)

1. Lopidium concinnum, Hook. ; dioicum, surculo bipinnato inferne nudo erecto, foliis bifariis verti-
calibus stipulisque oblongis brevi-acuminatis marginatis apice serratis nervo subcontinuo, seta brevi crassa, '
capsula inclinata, operculo conico-subulato, peristomii dentibus remote articulatis asperis.—Leskea con-
cinna, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 34 (non Sehwagr. Suppl. t. 269). Hypopterygium concinnum, Bridel, Bryol.
Univ. v. 2. p. 111 (ex parte).

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

Lord Auckland’s Islands are the only other known habitat.—Surculus 3 inches long. Frond erect, ovate-ob-
long. Leaves yellowish-green or pale fulvous, crowded, ovate-lingulate, of firmer texture and more ligulate than in
the next species. Stipules or accessory leaves somewhat smaller, but not remarkably so, and more dilated at the
base; areole very small, roundish. Seta scarcely 2 lines in length, thick, more so upwards, very little longer than
¿he perichzetial leaves, which are nerved nearly to the summit, much attenuated, and nearly entire (not well repre-
sented in Musc. Exot.). Capsule suberect. Operculum nearly as long. .Peristome yellow, outer teeth smaller than
in the next species, distantly barred. Inner peristome more deeply divided into narrow wavy processes. Hypo-
pterygium Strutinopteris, Bridel (according to a Java specimen from Prof. Nees), differs in the more tapering leaves
and ovate-lanceolate, tapering stipules.

2. Lopidium pallens, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoicum, surculo erecto bipinnatim ramoso inferne nudo,
foliis bifariis verticalibus ovato-oblongis acuminulatis marginatis apice denticulatis siccitate crispulis subtor-
tilibus, tegminibus cordato-acuminatis perichzetialibus brevioribus, seta longiuscula gracili scaberula, capsula
horizontali annulata, operculo rostrato, peristomii dentibus crebro trabeculatis.—Leskea concinna, Schwagr.
Suppl. t. 269 (non Hook.). ;

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Auckland and Waikehi, Sinclair. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.
Bligh’s Sound, Hutt Valley, Milford Sound, Wellington and Ship Cove, Zyall.

A native of Tasmania, South America, and Chiloe, of the same size as the preceding, with paler foliage. Easily
distinguished by the slender, more elongated, roughish seta, and essentially so by the inflorescence.—Operculum as
long as the capsule. Inner peristome less deeply divided, the processes longer, carinate; outer teeth larger, more
closely barred. Oalyptra pale, sometimes entire, usually cloven on one side.

Gen. LX. CATHAROMNION, Hook. fil. et Wils.

Peristomium simplex, internum : dentes 16, lineari-lanceolati, carinati, membrana basilari brevi connexi.
Calyptra conico-mitreeformis, basi lacera. Capsula suberecta, oblonga. Operculum conico-subulatum.—
Caulis repens. Surculi dendroidei, superne pinnatim ramosi. Folia tristicha, subrotunda, ciliata. Flores-
centia dioica. (Name from kalapos, neat.)

1. Catharomnion ciliatum, Hedw.; dioicum, surculo pinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, foliis ovato-
subrotundis bifariis longe ciliatis evanidinerviis, tegminibus multo minoribus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis
ciliatis, setulis intrafoliaceis aciculiformibus, seta breviuscula crassa, capsula oblonga suberecta, operculo

120 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musev.

rostrato.—Pterigynandrum ciliatum, Hedw. Sp. Muse.t. 17. Hypopterygium ciliatum, Bridel, Bryol. Unw.
Re DIL LVO:

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Auckland, Knight, Sinclair, Colenso.
Wangaroa, Col. Bolton.

Surculi 1 inch long, covered below with brown radicles. Leaves pale green, hoary with the long, numerous
ciliary processes that fringe the margin, intermixed with spinular bristles, as in Hypopterygium setigerum. Seta
scarcely + inch long, thick, purplish. Capsule somewhat unequal, nearly erect, reddish-brown. Calyptra inflexed at
the base, brownish. Peristome large, nearly half as long as the capsule, yellowish-brown. Male plants more slender,

sparingly branched, with numerous axillary gemmiform reddish flowers.

Gen. LXI. CYATHOPHORUM, P. Beaw.

Peristomium duplex, Hypni. Calyptra witreformis, parva. Capsula æqualis, annulata, brevissime
pedunculata, pedunculo vaginula tumida cyathiformi inserto. Operculum convexo-acuminatum. Flores-
centia dioica: antheridia paraphysibus clavatis suffulta.—Caulis repens. Surculi erecti, subsimplices, fili-
coidei. Folia tristicha: lateralia verticalia, patentia, obliqua; dorsalia seu tegmina minora, subrotunda,

cauli appressa. (Name from kvabos, a cup, popeo, T bear ; in allusion to the vaginula.)

1. Cyathophorum pennatum, Lab.; dioicum, surculis erectis complanatis, foliis distichis pterygoideis
ovato-oblongis obliquis serratis nervo brevi, tegminibus subrotundis apiculatis, seta brevissima curvula,
capsula ovali, operculo conico-acuminato.—Hookeria pennata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 163. Cyathophorum
pennatum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 122.

Var. B. minus; foliis distantibus acutis.

Var. y. apiculatum ; surculo brevi, foliis ovato-subrotundis acuminulatis argutius spinuloso-serratis.

Haz. Very common throughout the Islands, Menzies, etc. Var. 8. Otara Forest, Colenso. Var. y.
Middle Island, Zyall.

A native of Tasmania, and Lord Auckland's Islands. —Sureuli from 2 inches to a foot long or more, naked below.
Lateral leaves large, 2-3 lines long, dark green; nerve ceasing below the middle, or often very short and forked.
Fructification produced in the upper part of the frond in the axils of the lateral leaves. Capsule large, pale brown,
on a thick curved pedicel not exceeding its own length. Operculum half as long as the capsule. Calyptra very
small, covering the upper portion of the operculum, cellular, brown. Inner peristome with cilia two or three
together. Spores small. Perichetial leaves, small, attenuated. Vayinula large, conspicuous.—Var. 8 has the sur-
culus with fruit not 2 inches long. This may prove to be a different species, when better specimens are obtained.

Tribe XXII. RacoPILACEZ,

Gen. LXII. RACOPILUM, P. Beaw.

Peristomium duplex, Hypmi. Calyptra conico-mitreformis, basi inflexa pilosa, interdum dimidiata,
fere glabra. Capsula ineequalis, curvata, cernua, sulcata, pachyderma, annulata. Opereulum, rostratum.—
Caulis repens, vage subpinnatim ramosus. Folia plerumque dimorpha: lateralia subdisticha, patula ; inter-
media minora, diversiformia ; omnia excurrentinervia, pilifera, minute opaceque areolata, subrotunda, sub-
papillosa.

In this singular group the leaves are arranged in a manner quite different from Hypopterygiacee, with which
Bridel has united it. The disposition of the leaves is $, or perhaps occasionally 2, the small intermediate leaves

being only on the upper side of the rachis.

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Musci.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 121

1. Racopilum australe, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioicum, caule repente radiculoso tomentoso vage sub-
pinnatim ramoso, foliis lateralibus distiche patulis siccitate crispato-tortuosis oblongo-ovatis apice serrulatis
nervo pellucido excurrente longe cuspidatis intermediis paullo minoribus ovato-acuminatis surrectis, seta
crassa breviuscula, capsula oblonga cernua arcuata sulcata basi strumulosa, operculo brevirostri, caly}
pilosa basi campanulata. (Tas. XCII. Ks, 1.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, in various localities ; common at the roots of trees.

ptra

A Tasmanian Moss.—Leaves in the principal specimens yellowish, in others deep green, much crisped and undu-
lated when dry. Seta very thick, triangular when dry, about $ inch long. Capsule at first pale yellowish-olive, when
older deep red, with an operculum half its own length. Calyptra pale yellow, very hairy, inflated below, not dimi-
diate. Teeth red, large. Inner peristome with cilia.—In Colenso's specimen the male flowers are nidulant on the
fertile plant; but specimens from Dr. Sinclair are truly dioicous.—PrATE XCII. Fig. 7:—1, plant, natural size ;
2, young capsule and calyptra; 8, mature capsule and operculum ; 4, 5, leaves :—all magnified.

2. Racopilum cristatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; monoicum?, caule repente, folis lateralibus distiche
patulis siccitate conniventibus ovali-oblongis obtusiusculis apice serrulatis nervo concolore excurrente
cuspidatis intermediis cordato-acuminatis duplo minoribus, seta longiore gracili, capsula arcuata sulcata,
operculo brevirostri, calyptra subulata dimidiata parce pilosa, peristomii dentibus dorso scabris.—R.
gymnanthe, Wis. MSS: (Tas. XOTI. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Tehawera forests, Codenso.

A native of Norfolk Island, Australia, Juan Fernandez ? Guadeloupe? East Indies? Mauritius ?—Zeaves more
obtuse than in the preceding, not tortuous when dry, the cuspidate points shorter, areole larger. Seta about 2 inch
long, not angular. Male flowers nidulant.— Probably Hypnum mucronatum, P. Beauv., from Africa, is a robust form
of this, but the original specimen in Herb. Hook. is barren. The specimens from Juan Fernandez and Guadeloupe
have the capsule more elongated (R. leptocarpum, Wils. MSS.).—PrATE XCII. Fig. 5 :—1, plant, natural size ; 2
capsule; 3, operculum; 4, calyptra; 5, portion of branch and leaves :—all magnified.

2?

9. Racopilum robustum, Hook. fil. e& Wils.; monoicum?, caule repente, foliis uniformibus confertis
patentibus siecitate lateribus complicato-involutis cordato-ovatis acuminatis excurrentinerviis apice subser-
ratis, seta crassa longiuscula, capsula arcuato-cernua sulcata, calyptra pilosa mitreformi. (Tas. XCII.
Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: forests of Tehautotara, Colenso.

A larger species than either of the preceding. Leaves yellowish or pale green, more crowded, tapering gradually
to an acute point; nerve much excurrent. Seta longer than in R. australe. Calyptra less hairy.— R. spectabile, R.
et Hornsch., differs from this in the strongly serrated unequal leaves and dimidiate subulate calyptra. 2. tomen-
tosum, Swartz, differs from this and all the preceding in the truly monoicous inflorescence and naked dimidiate
calyptra.—PLate XCH. Fig. 6:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule; 3, calyptra; 4, 5, leaves :—all magnified.

Tribe XXIII. Hooxerracra.
Gen. LXIIT. HOOKERIA, Smith.

Peristomium duplex: exterius, dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, acuminati, incurvi, intus trabeculati,
dorso costis prominentibus plus minus distantibus biliratis: ¿nterins, membrana plicata, in processus 16
carinatos raro ciliis interpositis fissa. Calyptra mitreformis. Capsula cernua, ovata, longius pedunculata.
— Caulis repens vel prostratus, vage ramosus. Rami plerumque compressi. Folia ordine 2 vel 3 disposita,
sapins distiche imbricata vel complanata, lateralia obliquata, areolis majusculis, rhomboideis vel hewagonis.

The genus Hookeria, as limited in “Bryologia Europea,’ not only excludes all the New Zealand species, but also

VOL. II. 9 E

122 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Musci.

H. lucens, the type of the Smithian genus. In this work it is thought best to retain the genus as above defined,
merely noting the modern genera as sections.

$ 1. Savtoma, Hook. fil. et Wils.—Calyptra nuda, basi inflexa, integerrima, demum lacera, haud fimbriata.
Peristomii externi dentes dorso remotius lirati, interni processus carinati, ciliis nullis. Fotia imbricata,
subsecunda (haud compressa), immarginata, laxe rhomboideo-areolata.— (Name from cavdos, soft.)

This group differs from Aetinodontium, Schwsegr. (Suppl. pt. 2. v. 2. p. 75. t. 174), and from some (probably
all) of the species of Zepidopilum, Bridel, in the structure of the teeth; in those, the outer lamina is flat and broad,
the inner one narrow and prominent, presenting, in section, a semicylindrical central rib.

1. Hookeria tenella, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, caule humili vage ramoso, foliis confertis imbricatis
secundis oblongo-ovatis acutiuseulis margine reflexis enerviis laxe reticulatis pellucidis siccitate plicato-
striatis, capsula subcernua ovata parva, operculo rostellato, calyptra nuda mitreeformi. (Tas. XCII. Fig. 8.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Banks’ Peninsula, Zyall.

A Tasmanian Moss.—Stem and branches 4 inch long. Leaves very pale green, almost white (fulvous in the
Tasmanian specimens) glossy, more or less plicate, narrowly ovate. Perichetial leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, erect.
Seta 4 inch long, reddish. Capsule yellowish-brown, cernuous, often erect, when dry contracted below the mouth.
Teeth yellow, or at times reddish, the dorsal ridges distant, semicylindrical—Piare XCII. Fig. 8 :—1, plant, natural
izes 2, moist, and 3, dry capsules; 4, operculum; 5, calyptra; 6, 7, leaves :—all magnified.

$ 2. MNIADELPHUS, C. Müller.— Calyptra conico-mitreformis, basi fimbriata (ut in Daltonia). —Peristomii in-
terni cilia nulla. Folia plerumque marginata, uninervia, nervo evanido.
* Foliis marginatis.

2. Hookeria apiculata, Hook. fil. et Wils. ; dioica, foliis subrotundo-spathulatis apiculatis marginatis
enerviis, seta scabriuscula, capsula cernua, calyptra pilosa basi fimbriata.—//. Antarct. pt. 2. t. 155. f. 6.

Var. 8; foliis hyalinis serrato-dentatis siccitate crispulis, areolis majoribus.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso ; a single stem only, barren, amongst Racopilum.

Also found in Tasmania, and Hermite Island near Cape Horn.

3. Hookeria rotundifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, ramis subcompressis gracilibus rubellis, foliis
laxe patentibus siccitate crispulis ovato-rotundatis apiculatis marginatis denticulatis seminerviis (areolis
majusculis hexagonis), seta gracili, capsula horizontali, opereulo longius rostrato, calyptra basi fimbriata
apice subpilosa.—Hook. fil. et Wils. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 551. (Tas. XCIII. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso: Bay of Islands, on stumps of trees, J. D. H. Port
Nicholson and Milford Sound, Lyall. Auckland, Knight.

Smaller than H. Dicksoni, Hook., to which it is closely allied, but from which it differs in the roundish den-
ticulate leaves, more shortly apiculate. Seta + inch long. Perichetial leaves margined, toothed. Teeth of peristome
yellow, with two rather distant subcylindrical dorsal ridges, forming the external lamina of the tooth. Inner pe-
ristome without cilia; processes carinate, perforated.— PrAvE XCIII. Fig. 1:—1, plant, natural size; 2, capsule ;
3, portion of stem and leaves; 4, leaf :—a4 magnified.

4. Hookeria erispula, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, ramis subcompressis, foliis laxe disticheque paten-
tibus siccitate crispato-undulatis obovatis apiculatis marginatis integerrimis seminerviis opacis (areolis
minimis subrotundis) inferne pellucide laxius areolatis, perichsetialibus ovato-acuminatis, seta gracili, cap-
sula operculo calyptraque ut in M. rofundifolia.— Hook. fil. et Wils. loc. cit. (Tas. XCIII. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on clay banks, J. D. H.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Islands (fid. Montagne).—In size not exceeding the preceding. Stem green,

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Musct.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 123

never red. Leaves full green, not glossy, twice as large as in the last. Perichetial leaves entire. Seta i inch long.
Teeth pale yellow, with two distant dorsal ridges. Cilia none; processes of inner peristome narrow, not perforated.—
Mniadelphus auratus, C. Müller, from Trinidad, is allied, but has leaves glossy, with a longer apiculus and larger
areole.—PrATE XCIIL Fig. 2:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of stem and capsule, etc.; 3, capsule; 4,

leaf :—all magnified.

5. Hookeria pudchella, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, ramis subflaccidis compressiusculis, foliis confertis
distiche imbricatis siccitate margine undulatis obovatis obtusis mucronulatis marginatis integerrimis semi-
nervis perichwtialibus obtusis, capsula inclinata apophysata, operculo rostrato, calyptra fimbriata apice
glabra.—F7. Antarct, pt. 1. t. 62. f. 1.

Var. 8; ramis crassioribus, capsula cernua.

Has. Northern Island: Tararua, Colenso. Var. 8. Middle Island: Bligh’s Sound, Lyall.

A Lord Auckland Island plant.— Larger than the preceding. Leaves yellowish, more crowded, flaccid, more
obtuse, with a very short obscure mucro; areole larger. Perichetial leaves blunt, reflexed at the apex. Seta nearly $
inch long. Male flower on a short pedicel, roundish.—Z. mnüfolia, Hornsch., from South Africa (Linneea, xv. 141),
seems to be nearly allied, but, according to Dr. Montagne, is different. H. seminervis, Mont. (Cent. v. 5. p. 11),
from Java, has leaves more oblong and spathulate, with larger areola: and a longer nerve. H. pulchella, Griffith, from
the East Indies, agrees in the monoicous inflorescence, but has leaves as in H. crispula, with the small capsule of
H. adnata.

6. Hookeria amblyophylia, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, ramis tumidiusculis compressis, foliis confertis
distiche imbricatis erecto-patentibus siccitate appressis obovatis obtusissimis marginatis integerrimis evani-
dinerviis, pericheetialibus obtusis, calyptra fimbriata. (Tas. XCIIT. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: Port Nicholson, Sinclair; a scrap only, with Dieranum Billardieri. Auck-
land, Knight.

A Tasmanian Moss, like the last in size and general aspect.— Leaves yellowish-green, lurid when old, rounded
and blunt at the apex without any mucro, the margin all round the apex curiously reflexed like the brim of a hat
in this specimen, but some of the Tasmanian specimens do not show this character. Male lowers oblong-urceolate,
the perigonial scales blunt and recurved at the apex. —Pıarz XCIII. Fig. 3:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion
of stem, leaves, seta, and calyptra; 3, leaf :—all magnified.

7. Hookeria adnata, Hook. fil. et Wils.; monoica, ramis compressis, foliis distiche imbricatis siccitate
margine undulatis elliptico-oblongis subspathulatis acuminulatis membranaceis integerrimis tenuissime
marginatis evanidinerviis, seta gracillima, capsula minuta ovata cernua, operculo rostrato, calyptra fim-
briata subpilosa. (Tas. XCIII. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on leaves of trees, and especially on fronds of Zrichomanes
elongatum, J. D. H., Cunningham, Colenso, Sinclair.

A delicate and beautiful species, of a pale yellow colour.—Stem reddish. Leaves larger and more filmy than in
any of the preceding, the margin extremely narrow. Seta 4 inch long, very slender, red. Perichetial leaves ovate,
acuminulate. Capsule very small. Operculum of the same length as the capsule. Teeth with the dorsal ridges in
contact as in Hypnum, leaving only a sutural line (“linea media” of Bridel, etc.). Inner peristome without cilia.—
—Prate XCIII. Fig. 4:—1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of stem, leaves, seta, capsule, and calyptra; 3, cap-
sule; 4, leaf :—all magnified.

** Foliis immarginatis.

8. Hookeria microcarpa, Hedw.; dioica, caule vage ramoso, ramis complanatis, foliis distiche imbri-
catis obovatis obtusis integerrimis immarginatis evanidinerviis medio laxe pellucido-areolatis pericheetialibus

124 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. (Musei.

minutis ovato-lanceolatis, seta breviuscula, capsula parva cernua vel erecta ovata, operculo rostellato,
calyptra basi fimbriata.—Hypnum microcarpon, Hedwig, Sp. Muse. t. 59. Pterygophyllum microcarpon,
Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 342.

Haz. Throughout the Islands, Cunningham, Logan, Lyall, etc.

A Tasmanian Moss.—Stem 1-3 inches long. Leaves larger than in any of the preceding, pale green, whitish
in the middle, appressed and complanate when dry, sometimes bending backwards ; areola of the central portion near
the nerve large and pellucid, thence gradually diminishing in size as they approach the margin, where they are
extremely small. Seta about $ inch long, the vaginula visible from the small size of the pericheetial leaves. Capsule
small, purplish, cernuous in some of the specimens, in others erect, as figured by Hedwig, like that of Daltonia, with
which it agrees in the fringed calyptra (the fringe not always present in the specimens). The cellules forming the
wall of the capsule are curiously marked with radiating stri. Teeth of the peristome with distant dorsal ridges.
Operculum rather short.

§ 3. PIERYGOPHYLLUM, Bridel.— Calyptra basi haud fimbriata, plus minus laciniata. — Peristomüi extern dentes

remote lirati. Folia complanata, immarginata, laxe areolata, obtusa, nervo subbifurco, medio evanido.

9. Hookeria guadrifaria, Smith; dioica, caule erecto subramoso, ramis complanatis, folus distiche
imbricatis lateralibus verticalibus rhomboideo-obovatis obliquatis obtusis intermediis erecto-appressis subro-
tundis omnibus erebre ac minutissime denticulatis evanidinerviis, capsula oblonga pendula, calyptra brevi
pilosiuscula.—Hook. Muse. Huot. t. 109. Schwagr. Suppl. t. 162. Pterygophyllum, Bridel.

Has. Throughout the Islands; in dark damp woods, not uncommon.

The largest species of the group.—Barren stems 2 to 10 inches long, and with the foliage 1 inch broad.
Fertile specimens 1 inch long. Leaves large, pale green, little altered by drying, whitish when old, rounded and
obtuse at the apex; texture thick, composed of large, coarse, hexagonal cells; margin of leaf minutely denticulate in
the original fertile specimen of Menzies and in ours, but the two barren specimens of Menzies from Dusky Bay have
the margin entire. Nerve thick at the base, forked above. Perichetial leaves small, ovate. Seta 1 inch long. Teeth
of peristome beautifully variegated, having two prominent, cylindrical, red, dorsal ridges, widely separated, and the
internal part of the tooth being yellow. Calyptra subconical, small, with a few scattered hairs.—The disposition of
the leaves is certainly not quadrifarious, but 2, or two rows of intermediate leaves on the upper side, two at the
back, and two rows of vertical-lateral leaves on each side.

10. Hookeria robusta, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, caule rigido elongato subramoso, foliis distiche im-
bricatis lateralibus patentibus verticalibus ovato-oblongis obtusis dentatis evanidinerviis intermediis erectis
appressis obovatis siccitate undulatis, capsula ovata pendula, calyptra glabra. (Tas. XCIII. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Nearly as large as the preceding, which it so much resembles as to be easily mistaken for 1t.—Stems 1 to 4
inches long. Leaves narrower, less crowded, of thicker substance, pale yellowish-green, inclining to glaucous, slightly
undulated when dry; nerve purplish. Seta $ inch long. Teeth smaller than in the last, the dorsal ridges more ap-
proximate. - Calyptra subconical.—This and the next species may perhaps be states of H. dentata, Hook. fil. et Wils.
(in Fl. Antarct. pt. 1. t. 62. f. 2); but after careful comparison, it seems advisable to separate them as species.
—Prare XCII. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, natural size ; 2, leaf, magnified.

11. Hookeria nigella, Hook. fil. et Wils.; dioica, caule humili erecto-incurvo rigidulo subramoso,
foliis remotiusculis complanatis lateralibus spathulatis basi angustatis dentatis seminerviis intermediis obo-
vatis dentatis perichetialibus rotundo-ovatis concavis, capsula subrotundo-ovata pendula, calyptra nuda.
(Tas. XCITI. Fig. 6.)

Haz. Throughout the Islands: common in woods.

—— —

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Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 135

A Tasmanian Moss.—Stems about + inch in height (2 inch in some of Colenso's specimens), slender, some-
what rigid. Leaves lurid-green, shrinking slightly when dry, and then widely separated. Seta 1 inch long in the
larger specimens (+ inch in Colenso's specimens). Perichetial leaves forming a bulb, conspicuous. Capsule sub-
pyriform, with a rostrate operculum nearly as long. Teeth with two rather distant, red, dorsal ridges, as in the last.
Calyptra subconical, shorter than in H. robusta.—H. obscura, Mont. (Cent. 5, 11 dis), from Chili, supposed to be a
small state of dentata, is different, if monoicous, as reported.—PrATE XCII. Fig. 6:—1, plant, natural size ;
2, portion of plant; 3, capsule; 4, 5, leaves :—all magnified.

$ 4. EnroPus, Bridel.—Calyptra basi fimbriata, superne papillosa. Seta filamentoso-hirta. — Peristomium exter-
num dentibus lamellato-trabeculatis incurvis; internum ciliolis instructum. Folia submarginata, serrata, basi
binervia, lage areolata.

12. Hookeria cristata, Hedw. ; dioica, caule suberecto rigido-subramoso, foliis distiche imbricatis sub-
heteromallis late obovatis acutiusculis submarginatis dentato-serratis basi binerviis siccitate crispato-undu-
latis intermediis subrotundis apiculatis perichætialibus late ovatis piliformi-acuminatis, seta breviuscula his-
pida superne pilis albidis longis cristata, capsula pyriformi subpendula, operculo rostrato, calyptra fimbriata
apice papillis subulatis scabra.—Leskea cristata, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t.49. Chætophora (Eriopus) cristatus,
Bridel, Bryol. Univ. v. 2. p. 339.

Var. 8; foliis brevioribus subrotundis siccitate vix crispulis pallide fulvellis.

Has. Common throughout the Islands; in dense forests, on trunks of trees, etc. in very damp spots.
Var. 8. Waikare, Colenso.

Stems 2 to 4 inches long, robust and rigid. Leaves green, often pale, not crowded, shrinking, erisped and un-
dulated when dry, arrangement 2; margin with a few rows of narrower cellules, forming an obscure border. Seta
$ to $ inch long, pale, covered with white hairs forming a distinct crest at the top as large as the capsule. Calyptra
white, curiously covered and fringed with elongated papillae, short, mitriform. Teeth orange, with large, prominent

contiguous, dorsal ridges, internally trabeculate with lamellar processes, much incurved. Inner peristome with so-

3.

litary cilia. Vaginula oblong, narrower than the seta above. An annulus is present.

Nar. Og». CI. HEPATICA, Z.
By William Mitten, Esq.

Of the New Zealand Hepatica, about one-third are peculiar to the Islands included under that name,
thirteen only are found in Britain, most of which are cosmopolite, and the remainder are common to Tas-
mania, Fuegia, or various other Antarctic lands. A few are found at the Cape of Good Hope, and the whole
number already known (about 190) exceeds that found in Britain by about forty species; and there can
be no doubt that many others will yet reward the diligent investigator, particularly in the less explored dis-
tricts. Of eighty species enumerated in the “Flora Antarctica? as natives of Lord Auckland's Group and
Campbell’s Island, about thirty-five have not hitherto been found in New Zealand, but no doubt exist,
especially on the mountains of the Middle and Southern Islands ; some few of these are also Fuegian species.

It is extremely to be regretted that several New Zealand species brought home by the Antarctic Ex-
pedition, and described by Drs. Taylor and Hooker, do not now exist in the Hookerian or any other Euro-
pean Herbarium. These were accidentally omitted to be returned, after examination, by that indefatigable
author, and probably now exist in his herbarium only, which, after his death, was purchased by the patriotic
founder of the Lowell Institute (U.S. Am.). The great ardour and precipitancy with which Dr. Taylor

VOL. I. ; 2

K

126 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

pursued his studies in Hepatice, has further led in several instances to misnomers in the collections
which have passed under his eyes and hands; specimens carefully examined having been returned bearing
other names than those under which they were published by him. These circumstances, together with the
great difficulty attending the study of the variable, often minute, and very generally barren species of this
Natural Order, must be borne in mind by those who follow the steps of the pioneers in this most incom-
plete department of Antarctic Botany.

'The arrangement followed here is very nearly that of the ‘Synopsis Hepaticarum,’ of Gottsche,
Lindenberg, and Nees von Esenbeck, in which full descriptions of many of the genera and species here
mentioned by name only, will be found; but for the convenience of those to whom these plants have

been hitherto known as Jungermannie, a short plan of the arrangement, with the most prominent characters

which distinguish each genus, is added.—J. D. H&B, M,

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF NEW ZEALAND HEPATICÆ.

I. Forros#.—Plants with leaves and stipules.
A. Leaves succubous.
* Perianth of the same substance as the leaves.
+ Perianth terminal.
Jungermannia ; perianth tubular ; month contracted.
Plagiochila ; perianth obconic, compressed, two-lipped ; plants rarely stipulate.
Leioscyphus ; perianth obconic, compressed, two-lipped ; stipulate.
Lophocolea ; perianth prismatic.
++ Perianth lateral.
Chiloscyphus ; perianth campanulate.
Psiloclada ; perianth tubular.
** Perianth partly formed out of the stem.
Gymnanthe ; perianth terminal.
Saccogyna ; perianth lateral.
B. Leaves incubous.
* Perianth and calyptra free.
+ Perianth lateral.
Lepidozia ; leaves and stipules quadripartite or dentate.
Mastigobryum ; leaves entire or tridentate.
Micropterygium ; leaves boat-shaped.
+} Perianth terminal.
Tsotachis ; perianth like that of Jungermannia ; leaves and stipules nearly equal.
** Calyptra overlaid by, and connate with, the uppermost leaves.
Gottschea ; leaves complicate, lamellate.
Polyotus ; leaves rounded, with auricles at their ventral bases.
Sendinera ; leaves and stipules deeply divided.
Trichocolea; leaves and stipules divided into filiform lacinize.
X3 Perianth on the upper branches; leaves rounded, with an appressed lower lobe.
+ Inferior lobe plane, appressed to the leaf.
Radula ; perianth deplanate; stipules none; plants yellowish-green.
Madotheca ; perianth contracted at the mouth; plants large, deep green, stipulate.
Lejeunia ; perianth various; mouth contracted ; stipules rounded, entire, dentate, or bifid; plants

often pale.

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Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 127

tt Inferior lobe auriculiform.
Frullania ; perianth like that of Lejewnia ; plants of a rich deep-brown colour.
iI. Fronposa#.—Plants frondose.
* Perianth perfect.
Fossombronia ; perianth dorsal; leaves distinct, angular.
Noterociada ; perianth subterminal; leaves distinct, rounded.
Petalophyllum ; perianth arising from the nerve; frond continuous, crispate.
Zoopsis ; perianth lateral; frond ciliate or irregular, with prominent cells.
Podomitrium ; perianth ventral; frond leaf-like.
Steetzia ; perianth dorsal; frond leafy, procumbent.
** Perianth none.
Symphyogyna ; calyptra dorsal ; frond often stipitate.
Metegeria ; calyptra ventral; frond continuous.
Sarcomitrium ; calyptra lateral; frond carnose.
HI. Marcuant1a.—Perianths several, on a common receptacle.
Plagiochasma ; perianths opening laterally.
Marchantia ; perianths opening downwards.
Dumortiera ; perianth none.
Fimbriaria ; perianth split into numerous pale bands, cohering at their apices.
IV. ANTHOCEROTZA.

Capsules linear, two-valved.

Anthoceros.
V. Ricc1m.—Capsule imbedded in the substance of the fronds.
Riccia.

y

Gen. I. JUNGERMANNIA, Linn.

1. Jungermannia squarrosa, Hook. ; caule elongato subsimplici vel parce dichotome ramoso stipulaceo,
foliis patenti-squarrosis densissime imbricatis subquadratis undulatis bilobis lobis cuspidatis integerrimis
vel unidentatis apicibus deflexis, amphigastriis magnis quadratis bilobis lobis ovatis cuspidato-subulatis
margine dentibus subulato-flexuosis binis vel ternis ornatis, perianthio ovato plicato ore lacero-ciliato.—
Hook. Muse. Huot. t. 18. G. L. et N.* Syn. Hep. p. 130.

Haz. Northern Island: small island off Auckland, Mr. Rich. Snow-rills on summit of Oparapara,
and beech-forests in Ruahine mountains, Colenso. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

As has been observed (Syn. Hep.) the leaves are not correctly represented in the *Musci Exotici,’ the three or
four rather strongly-marked undulations in the recurved part of the leaf having been overlooked. This is the only
known New Zealand representative of the rather large group of Jungermannia, including J. barbata, Schreb., and
J. ventricosa, Dicks. Of Gymnomitrie no representative has yet been brought from New Zealand, although five
inhabit Lord Auckland's and the Falkland Islands, and the British G. concinnatum occurs at Cape Horn, differing
in no respect from European specimens. J. minuta, Fl. Antarct., is identical-with 7. ockrophylla, 1. c., and very
different from J. minuta, Crantz, which has not been found in the Southern Hemisphere.

In J. atrocapilla, Hook. fil. et Tayl., from Kerguelen's Land, the form of the leaf gradually passes from ovate
bidentate in the cauline, to orbicular, without any trace of the emargination in those of the involucrum ; but perfect
involucra have not been seen. In J. Montagnei, Mitten (Sarcoscyphus lawifolius, Mont., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 618),
a perianth is almost completely formed by the union, almost to their apices, of the upper pair of leaves, which are

* Throughout this Natural Order, the valuable ‘Synopsis Hepaticarum ' of Gottsche, Lindenberg, and Nees

D

von Esenbeck, is thus quoted.

128 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [| Hepatice.

subtended by another pair, also combined to about their middle, hence forming an almost perfect perianth, as in
Jungermannia. The transition from Gymnomitrium concinnatum, through Sarcoscyphus, to the Jungermannie with
perfect perianths, is so gradual, that the former should rather be considered as a less perfectly developed species of
Jungermannia ; it is hence probable that all the species referred to Gymnomitrium in the ‘ Synopsis Hepaticarum’
must be excluded, excepting G. concinnatum and G. coralloides ; the rest belong to Gymnanthe and Fossombronia.

2. Jungermannia pulchella, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 94. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 129.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Preservation and Port Nicholson ;
growing amongst Triehoeolea lanata (Hook.), Lyall. Auckland, Sinclair.

A highly curious species. — Leaves of a very thin texture. Perianths trigonous above; mouth truncate, fringed
with long, slender teeth, which stand out in all directions.

3. Jungermannia quadrifida, Mitten; caule repente adscendente ramoso inferne stolonifero, foliis pa-
tentibus ad medium 4-fidis laciniis lanceolatis integerrimis vel in caule fertili subdentatis, amphigastriis
conformibus, perianthio elongato superne trigono ore truncato laciniato-dentato, foliis involucralibus am-
phigastrioque argute dentatis. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: Patea village; creeping on the earth with Marchantia macropora (Mitten),
Colenso.

Vagans, sordide fusca, apicibus lutescentibus roseo-tinctis. Caulis 4—8-linearis, inferne parce radiculosus.
Folia verticalia, sinubus obtusiusculis.

Allied to J. trichophylla, and intermediate between that and J. pulchella, which it resembles in its quadripartite
leaves and stipules, trigonal, truncate perianth, and in the not inflexed lacinise which surround its mouth. J. quadri-
partita, Hook. (Musc. Exot. t. 117), appears to be nearly allied to this, but sufficiently distinct. —PrArE XCIV. Fig.
1:—1, specimens, natural size; 2, cauline leaf; 3, involucral leaf; 4, perianth and involucral leaves :—all but fig. 1
magnified.

4. Jungermannia dentata, Raddi.—G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 143.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Near Te Aute, Colenso.

5. Jungermannia colorata, Lehm.— G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 86, 613. FI. Antarct. pp. 149, 429.

Has. Northern Island: summit of Ruahine mountains, and snow-water rills, summit of Oparapara,
Colenso.

Probably common on the mountains of New Zealand, as it occurs in all the Antarctic regions.

6. Jungermannia concinnata, Lightf.— Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 3. Gymnomitrium concinnatum, Corda,
@. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 9.

Has. Northern Island: summit of Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

Corresponding entirely with British specimens. This species was gathered on the top of Mount Forster, in
Hermite Island, Cape Horn, but was overlooked in the enumeration of the species from that locality.

. Jungermannia Jlezicaulis, Nees, in Linnea, v. 6. p. 604.—G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. Bus
ib Northern Island ; amongst Plagiochila falcata, Hook. Tararua mountains, Colenso.

A pretty species, with much the he ibit of J. colorata, having its stems straight or elegantly flexuose. The spe-
cimens agree entire d with authentie ones from Java, and with others from the Sandwich Islands.

8. Jungermannia monodon, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule procumbente flexuoso radiculoso e ventre inno-

vante parce ramoso, foliis adscendentibus vel semiverticalibus arcte imbricatis homomallis ovato-lanceolatis,
margine ventrali dente breviore lobuliformi terminato [rudimento lobuli foli alterius deficientis], amphi-
gastriis nullis, perianthio oblongo quadriplicato, ore connivente ciliato, foliis involucralibus polymorphis

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 129

multifidis dentatis.—Hook. fil. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 559. Lehm. Pug. pl. 8. p.7. G. L.
et N. Syn. Hep. p. 664. Raoul, En. Plant. Nov. Zeland. p. 35. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 9.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Port Nicholson and Wairarape valley,
and Tararua mountains, Colenso. Port Preservation, Lyall.

Ceespitosus, fuscus v. purpureus. Caulis 1-2-pollicaris, flexuosus, radiculosus, sub pericheetio innovationibus
ramosus. Folia caulina sicca antice adpressa, humectata semiverticalia, patentia, margine ventrali incurvo; infe-
riora bidentata sinu parvo obtuso, superiora vel margine ventrali dente parvo obtuso rudimentario vel seepius (cum
margine dorsali) omnino integerrima. Folia involucralia exteriora majora bidentata denticulata, interiora minora bi-
fida varieque dentata. Perianthium obtusiusculum.

The curious suppression of the ventral lobe in the perfect cauline leaves is peculiar to this species, but may also
occur in J. contracta, Nees, from Java; for although sufficient specimens of this last have not been seen, to ascertain
if the lower leaves are bidentate, yet those of the involucrum resemble the involucral leaves of J. monodon, in being
cleft into two unequal parts.—Prare XCIV. Fig. 2:—1, specimens, natural size; 2, cauline leaves; 3, involucral
leaves; 4, summit of stem with perianth :—all magnified.

9. Jungermannia schismoides, Mont.—Flor. Antarct. pp. 150, 434. t. clxi. Un.

Has. Southern Island: creeping over Polyotus Magellanicus, Lyall.

A very curious Lord Auckland Island and Fuegian species, of which three or four stems are all that have yet
been seen from New Zealand.—The areolation of the group of Jungermannie to which this and J. monodon belong,
differs considerably from that found in other sections; the cells are rounded and remote, so that the leaves appear
dotted, nearly as in Sendtnera. Amongst the exotic allied species are—J. tubulosa, Nees (J. leucostoma and J. leu-
cocephala, Tayl.), a common South American plant; J. aurita, Lehm. [? Sarcoscyphus auritus, Nees], from the Cape of
Good Hope; J. Hsenbeckii, Mont.; J. imbricata, Wils., and J. involutifolia, Mont.; J. erebrifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl.,
Flor. Antarct. (tab. clvii. fig. 9), in which species a distinct male spike has been once observed; and J. biapi-
culata, Hook. fil. et Tayl., which seems intermediate between J. incumbens, L. et Ldbg., and J. piligera, Nees, species

which present but very slight distinctions.

10. Jungermannia inundata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule procumbente radiculoso infra apicem innovante,
foliis semiverticalibus orbiculatis imbricatis immarginatis patentibus, involucralibus majoribus patentibus,
perianthio breviusculo turbinato superne obtuse 4-5-plicato apiculato.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 559,
ex parte. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 3.)

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, in places subject to inundation, J. D. H. Cape Kidnapper,
Colenso.

Ceespitosus, sordide viridis. Caulis 3-6-linearis. Folia subdensa, margine dorsali paullulo decurrente. Peri-
anthium immaturum turbinatum, apiculatum, demum 4-5-laciniatum. Capsula globosa.

A small dingy species, with all the habit and appearance of J. nana, Nees, and J. spherocarpa, Hook., but dif-
ferent from these and all other allied species, in its more turbinate perianths, and more opaque and denser structure.
No stipules are present; those described as belonging to it, belong to a small species allied to J. serrulata, which is
intermixed with the specimens in Herb. Hook. —Pıarn XCIV. Fig. 3 :—1, specimens, natural size; 2, a portion of

the stem with leaves; 8, a leaf detached; 4, a perianth and involucral leaves :—all magnified.

11. Jungermannia. rotata, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo procumbente recurvo ramoso, ramis pa-
tenti-recurvis, foliis imbricatis erecto-patentibus secundis rotundatis concaviusculis integerrimis margine
anteriore subdecurrente, amphigastriis parvis lanceolatis sepe obsoletis, perianthio obovato superne obtuse
tetragono quadrilaciniato laciniis inflexis, capsula globosa.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 560. G. L. et N.
Syn. Hep. p. 672. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: watery places near Taupo, Colenso.

130 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Laxe ceespitosus, viridis et nigrescens. Caulis 1-3-pollicaris, ramis flexuosis. Folia fere verticalia, immargi-
nata; amphigastria cauli adpressa. Folia involucralia caulinis similia, erecto-patentia, amphigastrio involucrali nullo.

A species with more the habit and appearance of J. scalaris, than of any other yet described; but it is a larger
plant, and the leaves are more translucent, and the perianth is perfectly free from the involucral leaves. The peri-
anth of some of the species of this group closely resembles that of Frullania and Lejeunia, the mouth being con-
tracted into a small short tube, and being, for the most part, about five-plicate above, but this form seems to shade
gradually off into that found in the species of other groups. The perianths of J. scalaris and J. compressa, though
so different in appearance, only differ from those of J. nana and its allies, in being overlaid and combined with
several of the upper pairs of leaves, each pair being also combined for a considerable portion of its length with the
back of the pair above it, so that the perianth appears to be sunk into the stem; this structure is not of generic
importance, for it is found in Sendénera, Polyotus, Gottschea, and Lejeunia. In this group of Jungermannia there
exists a series from J. compressa with a perianth almost completely overlaid, J. scalaris with it about one-third free,
J. stillicidiorum, Raddi [Southbya tophacea, Spruce, in Ann. and Mag. Hist. s. 2. vol. 3. pl. iii.], with its perianth half
free, J. obovata has its perianth still more so, and in J. hyalina one leaf only is usually combined with the perianth :
Aulicularia is therefore only a modification of Jungermannia, chiefly remarkable for its overlaid or turbinate, tubular-
mouthed perianths, and for the disappearance of its stipules in the formation of the involucrum, in place of their
receiving, as is more usual, increased development. J. rotata was found in Lord Auckland’s Islands, intermixed
with Plagiochila fuscella, with which it appears to have been confounded by Dr. Taylor.—PrAvE XCIV, Fig. 4:—
1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a leaf detached; 4, a perianth with capsule and in-

volucral leaves; 5, a stipule :—all magnified.

Gen. II. PLAGIOCHILA, Nees et Mont.

1. Plagiochila conjugata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 91. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 52.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

2. Plagiochila connewa, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; “ caule implexo adscendente incurvo subramoso apice in-
crassato demum prolifero, foliis imbricatis oppositis verticalibus adpressis late orbiculatis connatis inferio-
ribus integerrimis superioribus subdenticulatis, perigoniis terminalibus oblongis spicatis."— Tayl. in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 19, et 1846, p. 266. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 648.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham.

* Tufts loose, yellowish-olive. Stems scarcely one inch high; shoots simple; leaves in a rapidly increasing
series, nodding or incurved at the top; margins of the leaves subreflexed at their summits, slightly joined at their
bases. Perigonial shoots nearly equalling the barren in breadth.—This can be confounded only with P. Brauniana,
Ldbg.; but the leaves are more closely imbricated, the shoots wider, and the perigonia more considerable."— There
are no specimens of this species in Hook. Herb.

3. Plagiochila prolifera, Mitten; caule repente, ramis erectis prolifero-ramosis, foliis fere verticalibus
erecto-patulis oppositis coadunatis rotundatis dentatis, perianthio obovato compresso ore dentato, spicis
masculis fasciculatis flagelliformi-attenuatis. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands; amongst Sendfnera attenuata (Mitten), J. D. H.

Caules bi-tripollicares. Folia remotiuscula, basi utrinque coadunata, marginibus dorsalibus integerrimis, basi
in caulem leviter decurrentibus, cellulis minutissimis. Perianthium ore rotundato; folis involucralibus spinuloso-
dentatis.—Planta mascula parum gracilior, spicis plurimis.

Very closely resembling P. opposita, Nees (P. zygophylla, Tayl) in size and habit, but evidently distinct in
the decurrent combined dorsal bases of its leaves, and in the cells being about half the size. The involucral leaves
and mouth of the perianth are also much less strongly toothed. P. Brauniana, Ldbg., has differently-formed leaves,
perianth, and areolation.—Piate XCIV. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with a pair of

leaves; 3, a perigonial leaf enclosing an antheridium; 4, perianth and involucral leaf :—all magnified.

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 131

4. Plagiochila falcata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 89. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 649. Aulicularia occlusa,
Flor. Antarct. p. 146. t. 69. f. 8.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Tararua mountains, and summit of
Oparapara, Colenso. Port Preservation, Lya//. Also found in Campbell’s Island.

A species in its larger forms nearly allied to P. conjugata, in its smaller to P. ansata. The small form named
by Dr. Taylor Aulicularia occlusa is very different in appearance, but clearly connected by intermediate forms. The
areolation is very unlike that of the Aulicularie, and resembles J, compressa only in size. No fructification has yet
been observed; that figured in the * Musci Exotici has been pointed out by Dr. Taylor to belong to some Aneura
accidentally mixed with the specimens.

5. Plagiochila ansata, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 425.4. 156..£. 6.

Haz. Middle Island : Port William, growing amongst Mastigobryum Nove-Hollandia (Nees), Lyall.

A native of the Falkland Islands.—It is stated in Flor. Antarct. that J. colorata differs from P. ansata (which
it much resembles) in having its leaves ** united into opposite pairs at their bases;" but as this has not been noticed
by other authors, nor been observed in any of the many Antarctic specimens, it is evident that some other species
was intended. Plants with perianths have been picked out of Dicranum aciphyllum, Hook. fil. et Wils., from Hermite
Island; they are shorter than that figured in Flor. Antarct., and the perianths are obovate, compressed, the mouth
truncate, denticulate. Involucral leaves somewhat ovate, dorsal margins entire, apex obliquely truncate, and having
thus two obtuse angles, the ventral margin with four or five small teeth towards the base. The areolation of this
species has a peculiar appearance, from the cells being interrupted with thick dark interstices; in this respect it
differs from all its near allies, and approaches nearer to P. circinalis, Lehm. et Ldbg. (P. hemicardia, Flor. Antarct.
p. 36, tab. Ixiii. fig. 2, where however the magnified stem is represented too tall). The perianths in Lord Auck-
land’s Island specimens are obconic, compressed, a little undulated above, the mouth entire, or, like the leaves, with
here and there a small short tooth. Involucral leaves like the cauline, but larger and covering the perianth.

6. Plagiochila microdictyon, Mitten ; caule repente, ramis erectis elongatis flexuosis prolifero-ramosis
parce stoloniferis, foliis patentibus imbricatis deltoideo-ovalibus margine dorsali integerrimo recurvo in
caulem longe decurrente, ventrali parce dentato vel integerrimo, involucralibus apice margineque ventrali
breviuscule dentatis, perianthio oblongo compresso ore labiis apiculatis denticulatis. (Tas. XCIV. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, with P. prolifera, amongst Sendinera attenuata, J. D. H.

Rami bi-tripollicares. Folia e cellulis minutissimis viridibus subopacis areolata.

More nearly allied to P. deltoidea, Ldbg., than to any other, with however but little external resemblance; it
is perhaps nearer to P. retrospectans, Nees. The form of its leaves is very nearly that of P. deltoidea and of several
other species which, like P. cristata, Ldbg., have their leaves produced behind, giving the branches a triquetrous
appearance. The cells of the leaves are very minute.—PraTE XCIV. Fig. 6 :—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion
of the stem with leaves; 3, a leaf as seen at the side of the stem; 4, a perianth and involucral leaf :—all magnified.

7. Plagiochila deltoidea, Ldbg., Sp. Hep. p. 182. t. 27; Syn. Hep. p. 55. P. gregaria, Hook. fil. et
Tayi. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 564. Syn. Hep. p. 654.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay [Herb. Lind.]. Thomson’s Sound, Lyall. On
beech, Tararua and Ruahine mountains, Colenso. Day of Islands, J. D. H.

Very variable in size, appearance, and in the direction and curvature of its leaves. Tall specimens (Dr. Lyall's)
resemble P. macrostachya, Ldbg., others (from Colenso) are much more slender than the form figured in Sp. He. 2.
gregaria, Hook. fil. et Tayl., differs in appearance only; the form of the leaves and perianth is the same as usual.

8. Plagiochila annotina, Ldbg., Sp. Hep. p. 150. ¢. 82. P. adiantoides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 90.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. On Weinmannia and Fagus bark, etc.,
Tarawera, Colenso. Port Nicholson, Southern Island, Lyall.

132 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

The annotinous appearance in the branches of this fine species, is chiefly evident in the male plants.

9. Plagiochila radiculosa, Mitten; caule repente, ramis prostratis latere ventrali radiculosis apicibus
adscendentibus ramosis, foliis imbricatis patenti-divergentibus semicordatis apice bidentatis unidentatis inte-
gerrimisve margine dorsali paullulum reflexo ventrali basi dilatato cristato, involucralibus latioribus mar-
gineque ventrali denticulato, perianthio immaturo late obconico ore truncato denticulato. (Tas. XOVI.
Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: on Weinmannia bark, Tarawera, Colenso.

Fusco-virens. Rami bi-tripollicares, innovationibus ramosi, radicellis ad basin perianthii pallidis. Folia ex-
planata, dorso in caulem longe decurrentia; involucralia suborbicularia. Perianthium immaturum, compressum.

This resembles P. Mauritiana, Nees, and P. repanda, [Schw.] Ldbg., but differs from both in its decumbent or
apparently dependent stems, which are also covered with rootlets on the ventral side. The mouth of the perianth
too is truncate, and without any wing on the dorsal side. The cells of the leaves are larger than those of P. Mau-
ritiana, and the leaves themselves wider near their bases, and more narrowed towards their apices.—PrATE XCVI.
Fig. 1:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a portion of a leaf with cells; 4, a pe-
rianth with involucral leaves :—all magnified.

10. Plagiochila incurvicolla, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule repente, ramis suberectis flexuosis parum ramu-
losis apicibus decurvis, foliis ovatis semicordatisve patentibus margine dorsali recurvo remote dentato mar-
gine ventrali apiceque spinoso-dentato, perianthio oblongo-clavato compresso ore labiis rotundatis dentatis.
—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 564. Syn. Hep. p. 651. (Tas. XCVI. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Auckland, Sinclair. Wairarapa valley, Colenso. Port Preserva-
tion and Milford Sound, Lyall.

Fusco-viridis. Caulis intricatus. Rami biunciales, flexuosi, vage ramulosi. Folia rigidula, areolis minutis.
Perianthium 2 lin. longum, angustum. Capsula parva, breviter pedicellata.

Not unlike some states of P. fasciculata in general appearance, but wanting the fasciculate branches of that
species. The leaves are of nearly the same form as those of P. spinulosa and P. fasciculata, but their dentate dorsal
margin distinguishes this species from all its allies.—Prare XCVI. Fig. 2:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion
of the stem with leaves; 3, a leaf detached from the stem; 4, a portion of the same with cells; 5, perianth and cap-
sule :—all magnified.

11. Plagiochila Lya//ii, Mitten; caule repente, ramis erectis dichotome subfasciculatim ramosis, foliis
subremotis imbricatis late ovatis vel semicordatis margine dorsali integerrimo decurvo ventrali deflexo api-
ceque spinoso-dentato involucralibus conformibus argutius dentatis, perianthio late obconico compresso ore
spinuloso-denticulato. (Tas. XCVI. Fig. 4.)

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: amongst Sendtnera flagellifera. Port Preservation, Lyall.
Auckland, Sinclair.

Rami tripollicares, graciles, flexuosi; foeminei dichotomi; masculi fasciculati, partes juniores intensius fusco-
virentes, vetustiores pallide fusci; Folia rigidula, minutissime areolata, perigonialia parva, imbricata, apice trispinosa.

This slender species has much resemblance to P. fasciculata, Ldbg., but is of a different habit: the leaves are
more rigid, not altered in their position when dry, and more minutely areolate. P. incurvicolla differs in the denti-
culate dorsal margins of its leaves.—PrATE XCVI. Fig. 4:—1, male and female plants, natural size; 2, a portion
of the stem with leaves; 3, a leaf detached from the stem, as seen on the underside; 4, a perianth and involucral
leaf; 5, a portion of a male spike, with perigonial leaves; 6, a portion of a leaf with cells :—all magnified.

12. Plagiochila fasciculata, Lind., Sp. Hep. t. 1; Syn. Hep. p. 21 et 630.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Port Nicholson and Port Underwood,
Lyall. Wellington, Stephenson. On trees, Tehawera, Colenso.

een nz

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 133

18. Plagiochila Arbuscula, Lehm. et Lind., Lind. Sp. Hep. t. 4. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 27.

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant, Cunningham, etc.

A large and handsome species, of which some specimens, gathered by Mr. Stephenson, are more than six inches
high; it is found in Java, and specimens, said to be from Jamaica, are in Herb. Lindenberg.

14. Plagiochila Sinclairii, Mitten; ramis erectis parce divisis strictis, foliis laxe imbricatis patenti-
divergentibus semiovato-oblongis obtusis margine dorsali reflexis integerrimis ventrali apiceque dentato-
ciliatis, perianthio terminali oblongo-obovato compresso ore truncato dentato. (Tas. XCVI. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair. Bark of trees, Tehawera, Colenso.

Rami 4-5 une. longi, innovationibus parce ramosi. Folia inferiora rotundata, remotiuscula, superiora sensim
majora, laxe imbricata, margine ventrali ubique dentato-ciliato. Perianthium bilineare, compressum, ore dentibus
longioribus ciliatum.

Very different from any other New Zealand species, and, so far as can be judged from the figures in Linden-
berg’s ‘Species Hepaticarum,’ more nearly allied to the West Indian P. Breuteliana and P. flaccida, Ldbg. The
more numerous and much more slender ciliiform teeth, as well as the form of the leaves and perianth, abundantly
distinguish the present from the larger forms of P. deltoidea, to which it has some external resemblance.— PLATE
XOVL Mig. 5. Ira specimen, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaf; 3, a perianth and involucral leaf :
—magnified.

15. Plagiochila Stephensoniana, Mitten; caule repente, ramis erectis elatis bi-tripinnatim ramosis fili-
coideis, foliis ovatis late semicordatisve apice subquadratis margine dorsali parum recurvo integerrimo ven-
trali apiceque spinuloso-dentato, involucralibus conformibus argutius dentatis, perianthio ovato compresso
ore denticulato. (Tas. XCV.)

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: ravines near Wellington, Stephenson. Thomsows Sound, Port
Cooper, and Port Nicholson, Lyall. Ruahine mountains and East Coast, Colenso.

Rami 4-8-pollicares. Folia imbricata, apice subtruncata vel quadrata. Perianthia numerosa in ramulis pro-
priis brevibus.

A splendid species, unsurpassed in its noble size and fern-like ramification. In habit it appears to agree with
P. Javanica, Nees et Mont., and P. Belangeriana, Ldbg.; but it differs from both in its shorter and wider leaves, and
in its ovate perianth, which has its mouth somewhat contracted, and its lips rounded. It appears to be common in
New Zealand, and small specimens gathered in Lord Auckland’s Islands were distributed as P. aculeata, 'Tayl.—
Prate XCV. 1, 2, male and female plants, natural size; 3, a portion of the stem with leaves; 4, a perianth with in-
volucral leaves and capsule :—Jdoth magnified.

16. Plagiochila gigantea, Lind., Sp. Hep. t. 24. @. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p.51. Hook. Muse. Exot.
£. 93.

Has. Common throughout the Islands, Menzies, ete.

Very common, but only in New Zealand, and generally fertile. It has a proliferous habit, especially the male
plants, and varies but little, except in size. The branches spring from near the same part of the stem, and being
nearly of equal length, the fronds have a flabellate outline. P. Chonotica, Tayl., is nearly allied to P. gigantea, and
corresponds in every respect with P. Neesiana, Lind. Sp. Hep. t. 13.

17. Plagiochila ramosissima, Lind., Sp. Hep. t. 16. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 58. Hook. Muse. Brot. t. 92.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Preservation, Lyall.

Dr. Lyal's specimens are much smaller and less branched, they also produce'a few flagellee, but in all other
respects correspond with those of Menzies. P. minutula (Fl. Antarct. t. clvii. fig. 1) may perhaps be a young state
of this: the outline of the leaves is very similar, though erroneously described as obovate, but their areolation is not
exactly the same.

VOL. IL. 2M

134 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Hepatice.

18. Plagiochila Dicksoni, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule repente, ramis erectis ramosis flexuosis dendroideis,
foliis patentibus ovato-oblongis apice truncato-bi-tridentatis margine dorsali recurvo integerrimo ventrali
parce dentato, involucralibus latioribus spinoso-dentatis, perianthio obovato compresso labiis rotundatis den-
ticulatis. (Tas. XCVI. Fig. 3.)

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: common, Menzies, Colenso, Stephenson, Lyall, ete.

Luteo-virens. Rami 2-3-pollicares. Folia subremota, laxe imbricata, margine dorsali arcuato, ventrali sub-
recto, 4-5-dentato, apice oblique truncato, bi- vel tridentata. Perianthium elongato-obovatum. Plante mascule
ramulis gracilioribus, spieis interruptis. Folia perigonialia imbricata, apice argute bi-tridentata. i

The species here referred to P. Dicksoni differs from it apparently only in habit; in the form of the leaves, den-
ticulation, areolation, and direction, they entirely agree. —PLATE XCVI. Fig. 3:—1, male and female plants, natu-
ral size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 8, a portion of the leaf with cells; 4, a perianth and involueral leaf :
—all but fig. 1 magnified.

19. Plagiochila plewrota, Hook. fil. et Tayl., #7. Antaret. p. 149. £. 63.4.4. P. cognata, /. c. p. 36.
t. 62. f. 3.
Has. Middle Island: Port William, amongst Metegeria furcata (Nees), Lyalt.

The specific name, pleurota, has been retained because it gives the best idea of the plant. P. pleurota was
described from P. cognata with perfect perianths, which are hardly alate, but variously and strongly keeled: these
keels I find in the young perianth of P. cognata, whose leaves are a little larger and more distinctly dentate than in
P. pleurota. 1 do not find the smallest difference in the areolation. P. cognata is stated to have much affinity with
P. decipiens, Hook., but this I do not recognize. P. pleurota is, it appears to me, compared correctly with P. cognata,
but not with P. gymnocalycina, Nees et Mont. The closest affinity exists between the present species and P. Dick-
soni, as well as P. hirta, Tayl. MSS.*; all possess the same yellowish-green colour and nearly correspond in

areolation, which, although not remarkably small, has an opaque appearance.

Gen. III. LEIOSCYPHUS, Mitten.

Perianthium terminale, leeve, compressum, superne dilatatum, ore truncato integro vel dentato. In-
volucri folia et amphigastria caulinis similia. /nvolucra mascula spiceformia vel e surculo in medio
ramo. Folium perigoniale basi saccatim incurvum.—Caulis prostratus, repens, adscendensve, divergenti-
ramosus. Folia succuba, fere horizontalia, ut plurimum integra, rarius bifida, succulenta, retis maculis majus-
culis intercalaribus sepe valde conspicuis. Amphigastria parva, bi-quadrifida, basi sape in folia subjecta
decurrentia. Plante concinne, cæspitose vel inter Muscos repentes, pallida vel fuscescentes.— Leptoscyphus,
Mitten in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1851, p. 358.

1. Leioscyphus repens, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso, folis imbricatis ovatis apice sinu parvo
obtuso bidentatis, amphigastriis parvis profunde bifidis laciniis subulatis extus unidentatis basi utrinque

* P. hirta, Tayl. MSS. ; caule ramisque subfasciculatis setis brevibus dense vestitis, foliis oblongo-ovatis remo-
tiusculis apice subbidentatis margine dorsali integerrimo latius recurvo venirali apicem versus dentibus binis vel
tribus decurvis armato.

Haz. Falkland Islands ; growing among tufts of Dicranum aciphyllum. Hermite Island, amongst Jungermannia
madida, J. D. H.

Rami pollicares bipollicaresve, setis brevibus articulatis vestiti. Folia patentia vel erecto-patentia, marginibus
decurvis et apicem versus tantum dentata.

A small and slender species, very near, and possibly a state of, P. acanthocaulis, Sullivant in Lond. Journ. Bot.
1850, p. 317; yet it differs from the description there given in its leaves not being obovate, and in their margins
being entire except at the apex and just below it on the ventral side.

i
i

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 135

in folia subjecta anguste decurrentibus, perianthio elongato-obovato compresso ore dentato, foliis peri-
cheetialibus caulinis conformibus. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 1.)
Has. Northern Island : Bay of Islands; creeping over Lepidozia Lindenbergii, J. D. H.

Pallide viridis. — Caulis pollicaris. Folia patentia, margine dorsali recto, ventrali arcuato, cellulis rotundatis,
intercalaribus minutis in senioribus scepe obsoletis.

Nearly resembling Lophocolea bidentata in size and habit, but readily distinguished from this and every allied
species by the form of its perianth.—PrATE XCVII. Fig. 1:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem
with leaves ; 3, a portion of the stem with stipule, as seen on the ventral side; 4, a perianth and involucral leaves ;
5, a perianth detached :—all magnified.

Gen. IV. LOPHOCOLEA, Nees.

1. Lophocolea heterophylloides, Nees, Syn. Hep. p. 157.—Chiloscyphus canaliculatus, Hook. fil. et
Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 563. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 110.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Cook's Straits, Lake Rotoatara, Mohaka River,
etc., Colenso ; running streams, Canterbury Plains, Lyall.

This appears to be a common and variable species. Chiloscyphus canaliculatus is a fragrant variety, with the leaves
so arranged as to give a canaliculate look to the stems, but it does not differ from Junger ja recubans, Tayl., which
can hardly be regarded as a variety of L. heterophylloides. The genus Lophocolea is here defined (as in * Synopsis
Hepaticarum") by a terminal triquetrous perianth ; and if, as does sometimes happen, a perianth is formed on a short
lateral branch, there is still no difficulty in distinguishing it from the perianth of Ohiloscyphus, which is never of a
prismatic form, but, in those species in which it becomes highly developed, more of an urceolate figure. These dis-
tinctions have not been sufficiently kept in view, so that in the Synopsis itself there may be found Chiloscyphi

^ amongst the Lophocolez, and vice versá. In describing his Ohiloscyphus canaliculatus, Dr. Taylor states that the
perianth is compressed and bilabiate, but in the original specimen they are triquetrous.

2. Lophocolea Nove-Zelandia, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 168.—L. grisea, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor.
Antaret. p. 154. t. 64. f. 8, et t. 160. 7.4. L. subviridis, £. 159. f. 4. L. rivalis, £. 158. f. 7. L. sabu-
letorum, ¢. 158. f. 8, et Lejeunia subintegra, £. 160.7. 5.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Herb. Lehmann. Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Auck-
land and Port Nicholson, Zyall. East Coast and interior, Colenso.

An extremely variable plant, common in all the Antarctic islands. In all the forms with rounded leaves the
stipules are simply bidentate; but in those in which the leaves become obtusely bidentate the stipule gradually as-
sumes the form found in Z. bidentata. The L. grisea a, and L. subviridis, differ only in their smaller size from the
original specimen of Z. Nove-Zelandie in Herb. Lehmann; L. grisea B and Lejeunia subintegra are male plants.
Lophocolea rivalis and L. sabuletorum agree in the form of their leaves and stipules, but differ in size, L. rivalis
being to all appearance an aquatic state. Besides these there is another form with a habit more nearly that of the
European L. heterophylla [Schrad.], and powerfully fragrant, yet which, in all essential characters, corresponds
with the other states. The cause of the odour exhaled from this and some other Hepatice is not yet ascertained ;
in L. heterophylloidea it is not constantly present, and it appears to be accompanied by a yellow hue, which, like that
of some, Radulæ, is imparted to water.

3. Lophocolea pallida, Mitten; caule prostrato parce ramoso, foliis ovatis apice obtusis retusis sinu
parvo bidentatisve cum amphigastriis quadridentatis utrinque coalitis, perianthio prismatico angulis alato
apice angulisque plus minus dentato, foliis involucralibus vel caulinis conformibus vel margine ventrali den-
tatis, amphigastrio involucrali ovato bifido laciniis fere integerrimis spinoso-dentatisve.—Lophocolea multi-
penna, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p.155 (quoad descriptionem perianthii).

136 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair.

Pallide viridis, interdum fere albida. Caulis pollicaris, linearis, simplex, rariusve ramosus. Folia imbricata;
fere opposita, ut plurimum bidentata, dente marginis ventralis longiore, rarissime tridentata, e cellulis magnis interstitiis
grossiusculis areolata. Amphigastria parva, omnia conformia, cauli appressa. Perianthium. ssepe laterale, subsessile?
triquetrum, angulo dorsali latius alatum, alis superne dentatis. Folia involucralia cum amphigastrio latiusculo coa-
lita, varie dentata. Odor plante suavis, terebinthinus.

The much larger cells of the leaves of this species afford a character by which it may be easily distinguished from
L. lenta and L. subporosa, which approach it in size ; the general appearance of the plants is more nearly that of some
small Chiloscyphi. The specimens of L. multipenna from Lord Auckland’s Islands, and preserved in the Hookerian
Herbarium, appear to consist for the most part of sterile plants of Leioscyphus decipiens, Mitten MSS, (a plant
which was also confounded with Lophocolea pallide-virens from Cape Horn), and a small white fertile state of Lo-
phocolea pallida, to which the description of the perianth belongs, whilst all that relates to the leaves and stipules
seems to have been taken from the first.

4. Lophocolea Zenta, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule repente, vage ramoso, foliis ovato-oblongis emarginato-
bidentatis dentibus subulato-attenuatis, amphigastriis parvis profunde bifidis laciniis angustis extrorsum
unidentatis, perianthio elongato angulis angustissime alatis apice laciniis bipartitis spinuloso-dentatis, foliis
involucralibus margine dorsali recurvo ventrali flexuoso unidentato, amphigastrio elliptico profunde bifido
laciniis angustis utrinque extrorsum unidenticulato.—Flor. Antarct. p. 154. L. diademata, Hook. fil. et
Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 560. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 692. L. secundifolia, /. c. p. 438.
#159. 7. 2. . (Tas. XCVIL Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Wairarapa valley, Hast Coast, etc., Colenso.

Caulis $-l-pollicaris. Folia explanata, vel sursum conniventia. Amphigastria caule paulo latiora. Perian-
thium prismaticum, angulo dorsali latius alato, ala remote dentata. Folia perigonialia imbricata, adpressa, erecta,
basi ventricosa, apice squarrosa.

This small species is a native of Lord Auckland’s Group and of Fuegia, and agrees in habit with Z. bidentata,
but is scarcely half its size, being scarcely larger than L. bicuspidata. The L. secundifolia of Flor. Antarct., and L.
diademata, Lond. Journ. Bot., although differing a little in appearance, do not present any character whereby they
can be distinguished, and to these might perhaps be added Z. perpusilla. L. bispinosa agrees very nearly in all
other respects, but differs in its smaller areolation. Dr, Taylor describes the perianth as bilabiate, with the lips un-
equal; but in all the plants here referred to Z. diademata, as well as in the original specimens, the perianth is equally
trilabiate, as is usual in the genus, and seems to have each of the lips divided into two principal laciniæ.—PLATE
XCVII. Fig. 2:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, stipules removed from the stem ;
4, a perianth and involucral leaves; 5, involucral leaves, and stipule detached :—all magnified.

5. Lophocolea bidentata, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 159.—L. recurvifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 562. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 693. L. leptantha, Flor. Antarct. p. 499.
1.159. f. 6. L. divaricata, 7. c. t. 161. f. 8, et L. alternifolia, /. c. t. 161. 2

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Of the plants here referred to L. bidentata, none possess any character of sufficient importance to distinguish
them from European states of that species. ZL. alternifolia and L. recurvifolia are without fruit. L. leptantha and
L. divaricata are states of L. bidentata in which the perianth is alate. The simply bifid stipules of L. recurvifolia
is not a constant character, nor is it rare to find plants of L. bidentata which have bifid stipules, and thin lower
parts. Tt may be reasonably inferred, from the remote habitats already recorded, that L. bidentata is cosmopolite.

Lophocolea textilis, from Cape Horn, although possessing all the habit and appearance of L. bidentata, is proba-
bly a distinct species, the areolation being more lax, and the cells having a more vitreous look. L. humifusa, from

Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 137

Kerguelen’s Land, has a perianth not at all alate, and with its mouth more shortly dentate than has been observed
in Z. bidentata ; the cauline leaves, too, are rather different in form, and have a tendency to become more or less
rounded at their apices, as in Z. heterophylla.

6. Lophocolea spinifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; perianthio ovato triquetro angulis alatis superne dentatis
ore truncato labiis dentato-laceris, foliis amphigastrioque involucralibus toto ambitu spinoso-dentatis denti-
bus recurvis.—Flor. Antarct. p. 155. t. 65. f. 1.

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

7. Lophocolea subporosa, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis ovatis sinu rotundato bidentatis inte-
gerrimis, amphigastriis quadridentatis basi uno latere vel utrinque cum foliis subjectis anguste coalitis, peri-
anthio prismatico angulo dorsali alato ala denticulata ore làciniis obtusiusculis integris denticulatis, foliis
involucralibus conformibus parum latioribus margine dorsali ventralique parce dentatis amphigastrio sub-
elliptico bidentato lateribus remotiuscule dentatis basi anguste coalitis. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Sinclair ; creeping amongst Mosses. Wellington, Stephenson in
Herb. Mitten.

Pallide viridis. Caulis uncialis. Folia imbricata, rigidula, e cellulis ineequalibus quasi punctata.

Near as this small species unquestionably is to Z. diademata in size and habit, it appears to differ in its thicker
and more rigid texture, its wider and less deeply emarginate leaves, and in the undivided and obtuse laciniw of the
perianth. The decurrence of the stipule into the leaves is seen more readily in the fertile stems, but it is also to be
found occasionally in the sterile, where however one leaf is generally free —Prarz XCVII. Fig. 3 :—1, plants, na-
tural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a stipule; 4, a perianth and involucral leaves; 5, involucral
leaves and stipule :—all magnified,

8. Lophocolea Diciliata, Mitten; fuscescens, caule (unciali) procumbente subsimplici, foliis latis com-
planatis laxe imbricatis late ovatis deltoideo-ovatisve apice subtruncatis bidentatis sinu obtusissimo, amphi-
gastriis parvis profunde bipartitis segmentis extus unidentatis basi uno latere in folium subjectum decurren-
tibus.—Chiloscyphus biciliatus, Hook. fil. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 84. Syn. Hep. p. 107.
(Tas. XCVII. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

This species was described as a Chiloscyphus, but may rather be considered a Lophocolea, from its habit, its
tendency to form involucral leaves, and an increase in the size of the stipules towards the apex, observed on one of
the stems. It approaches in size the larger forms of L. didentata, but has wider leaves, with more ciliiform teeth,
and a thinner, more vitreous texture. More perfect specimens of this plant would probably exhibit the stipule com-
bined on both sides with the subjacent leaves, as in Z. Martiana, Nees, a species to which must be referred the Z.
pertusa and Chiloscyphus jugulifolius of Taylor; the latter is founded on a barren specimen, but, so far as it is pos-
sible to judge, it differs in no respect from the common South American plant.—PLATE XCVII. Fig. 4:—1, a
plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule :—magnified.

9. Lophocolea allodonta, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 155. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 163 et
693. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: on Weinmannia, at Tarawera, Colenso.

An obscure species, found in Lord Auckland’s Islands, distinguished from its near allies in size and habit by
its simply bipartite stipules, of which the segments are lanceolate: the plants only resemble Calypogeia Tricho-
manis, Raddi, in the powerful piperaceous odour which they exhale. The areolation consists of rather large cells
surrounded by thick interstices.—Prare XCVII, Fig. 5 :—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with
leaves and stipule :—magnijfied.

10. Lophocolea tertilis, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antaret. p. 435. t. 158. 7.

VOL. II. 9 N

138 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

11. Lophocolea Colensoi, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovato-oblongis integer-
rimis apice truncato-bidentatis, amphigastriis profunde bipartitis segmentis extus bidentatis basi utrinque
folio inferiore coalitis. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: on rotten wood, East Coast, Colenso.

Tusco-virens. Caulis bi-triuncialis. Folia explanata, breviter bidentata, interdum dentibus obsoletis. .4m-
phigastria sex- rarius quadri-dentata.

The largest Lophocolea yet known; the specimens owe their fine appearance, in part, to having grown on de-
cayed wood; a circumstance which usually increases the size of the European species. The present is allied to L.
pallide-virens [Chiloseyphus, Flor. Antarct. t. 159. f. 91, but the leaves are of a different form, and their apices
wider. In Z. pallide-virens the stipules are narrowly decurrent on both sides into the subjacent leaves, and the
perianths are occasionally terminal; but the lateral perianths are altogether those of Lophocolea, and in this respect
it corresponds with some states of L. bidentata. The L. Beecheyana, Taylor, from Oahu, differs from L. connata,
Sw., in its involucral leaves and stipule being furnished with numerous ciliiform teeth. Z. humistrata, Tayl.,
from St. Helena, has its leaves truncate at their apices, and mostly without the spiniform teeth; yet both this and
the preceding are so closely allied to Z. connata in all other respects, that it may be doubted if they are not mere
forms of that species. —Prate XCVII. Fig. 6:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and
stipule :—magnified.

12. Lophocolea ¢riacantha, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo repente vage ramoso, foliis patentibus
complanatis adproximatis basi late adnatis subdecurrentibus ovato-quadratis tricuspidatis, amphigastriis
palmato-quadrifidis segmentis setaceis.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 386. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 698.
(Tas. XCVII. Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Akaroa, Raoul. Hills, Pahiatua, Colenso.

Pallide virens vel fuscescens. Caulis biuncialis, parce ramosus. Folia explanata, late ovata. Amphigastria
parva, uno latere in folium inferius anguste decurrentia.

This species is readily distinguished from all its congeners, by its trispinose leaves. In habit it agrees nearly
with Z. didentata, but no fructification has been seen. It has considerable resemblance to Chiloscyphus combinatus,
Nees, but its leaves are of a thinner texture, and the teeth are more slender and longer; in the same respects it also
differs from C. Endlicherianus, Nees.—PrATE XCVII. Fig. 7:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem
with leaves and stipule :—magnified.

13. Lophocolea Zeucophylla, Tayl., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 155. Chiloscyphus leucophyllus, Hook.
fil. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 884. Flor. Antarct. p. 157. t. 65. f. 4. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.
p. 181 et 706.

Haz. Northern Island: top of Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

A curious species, of which the New Zealand specimens are very much finer than those from Lord Auckland's
Islands, and in some elongated stems are three inches high. The perianth is triquetrous and terminal, its laciniæ
rather obtuse, entire, the margin denticulate. The involucral leaves and stipule differ little from those of the stem.
Excepting therefore the papillose surface of its leaves, this species is allied to Z. Gaudichaudii, Mont., from the
Sandwich Islands, Z. Columbica, Gottsche, and L. Orbigmana, Nees et Mont., from Peru and Bolivia. It appears to
be exceedingly variable in size, some stems being scarcely half an inch high, and slender or stout, but the specific

characters appear to be very constant.
14. Lophocolea muricata, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 169 et 703.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands: amongst Mosses, Wellington, Stephenson. Port William, Lyal/.

Woods, Tehawera, and Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

e

Hepatice.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 139

Gen. V. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda.

1. Chiloscyphus decipiens, Gottsche ; “ caule procumbente ramosiusculo, foliis ovato-deltoideis margine
ventrali arcuato inflexo in apicem obtusum subintegerrimum abeunte, dorsali rectiusculo decurrente basin
versus dentato libero [ad 4 partem a caule soluto], amphigastriis reniformi-transversalibus utrinque cum
foliis subjectis connatis toto margine involuto cucullatis," perianthio ovato-oblongo plicato ore labiis rotun-
datis denticulatis, foliis involucralibus integris denticulatis.— G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 116. — Gotts. Ic. Hep.
ened.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, amongst €. Billardieri [ Herb. Lehmann]. Port
Preservation, in fine fruit, Lyall. Creeping amongst Gymnanthe saccata, Tararua, Colenso.

Folia involucralia rotundata, remotiuscule denticulata. Amphigastrium involucrale ovatum, apice retusum,
integerrimum.

A species readily distinguished from all others by the form of its leaves and stipules, which are of a rather
thick and fleshy texture.

2. Chiloscyphus Menziesii, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis oppositis latissime ovatis obtusis in-
tegerrimis dorso connatis a ventre cum amphigastriis ovatis apice bidentatis marginibus extus obtusiuscule
tridenticulatis connexis, involucri foliis concavis denticulatis, perianthio campanulato ore laciniis brevibus in-
curvis. (Tas. XCVIII. Fig. 1.)

Has. Picked from a Lichen gathered in New Zealand by Mr. Menzies (Hb. Mitten). On the bark of
trees with Polyotus Taylori and Gottschea tuloides, Port Preservation, Lyall.

Fusco-viridis. Caulis uncialis, flexuosus. Folia imbricata, fere semi-orbicularia, crassa, carnosula, cellulis parvis
rotundis. Amphigastria apice sinu obtuso, basi latiuscule cum foliis coalita.

A smaller species than C. decipiens, without the thick appearance so striking in that species. In the form of
the stipule it comes near the East Indian C. perfoliatus, Nees, and. C. decurrens, Nees. "The areolation is com-
posed of rounded cells without intercalary spaces. This species has been picked from amongst Hepatice from Lord
Auckland’s Islands.— Puare XCVIII, Fig. 1:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves ; 8,
a portion of the leaf with cells; 4, a perianth with involucral leaves :—all magnified.

3. Chiloscyphus chlorophyllus, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovatis apice sinu parvo
rotundato bicuspidatis margine dorsali integerrimo ventrali apicem versus 1-2-dentato, amphigastriis ovatis
apice brevi-bidentatis lateribus dentibus duobus parvis instructis, perianthio campanulato ore laciniis spinoso-
dentatis, folis amphigastrioque involucralibus conformibus denticulatis.—Lophocolea chlorophylla, Hook.
Jil. e£ Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 562. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 698. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Pallide virens et fuscescens. Caulis 3-pollicaris. Folia ad apices ramorum majora et antice conniventia. 4m-
plugastria a foliis omnino discreta, cauli adpressa. Perianthium ore aperto, laciniis brevibus. Capsula. ovalis.

A small plant, with more the habit and look of a Lophocolea than of the present genus. The perianths were over-
looked on the specimens originally described ; they agree with those of Chiloscyphus. "This species is allied in size
and general appearance to C. physantha, but is rather smaller, and sufficiently distinct in the form of its leaves and
stipules. In areolation it approaches nearly to C. Menziesii and C. decipiens.—PrATE XCVIII. Fig. 2 :—1, plants,
natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a stipule detached from the stem; 4, a perianth with capsule
and involucral leaves; 5, involucral leaves and stipule detached :—all magnified.

4. Chiloscyphus Billardieri, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 175 et 704. Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 61.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands. Var. a. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Var. i Dusky Bay, Menzies.
Tararua, Colenso, etc. Port Preservation and Port Cooper, Lyall.

140 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

This fine species varies considerably in the toothing of its leaves and stipules ; in some specimens the ventral
margin is entire, in others with more closely-set teeth than the dorsal; their apices are also rounded or bidentate.
The dorsal bases of the leaves are generally combined, but in the specimen from Mr. Colenso they are separated by
one-fourth of the diameter of the stem, and placed one above the other. Colour varying from a pale green to a
deep brown.

5. Chiloseyphus jissistipus, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 45. Syn. Hep. p. 115 et 104.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Auckland, Col. Botton.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group.

6. Chiloscyphus Lyallii, Mitten ; caule repente elongato vage ramoso, foliis trapezoideis apice truncato-
bidentatis margine dorsali integerrimo rarius denticulo apicem versus instructo ventrali spinuloso-dentato,
amphigastriis profunde bipartitis segmentis spinosis basi utrinque in folia subjecta decurrentibus. (Tas.
XCVIII. Fig. 3.)

Has. Middle Island: growing with C. coalitus (Hook.), Port Preservation, Zyall.

Pallide viridis, tener. Caulis bi-triuncialis. Folia imbricata, marginibus dorsalibus suboppositis, ventralibus
plerisque quadrispinosis cum amphigastrio coalitis. Amphigastria segmentis intus uni- extus bispinosis.

This fine species resembles in some characters Lophocolea trapezoidea, Mont., from Peru and Guadeloupe, but
differs in its more lax areolation and less ciliate stipules. From Z. biciliata, the only New Zealand species to which
it has any resemblance, it differs in the denticulation of the ventral margins of its leaves. —PLare XCVIII Fig. 3 :—
1, a plant, natural size ; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves ; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—doth magnified.

7. Chiloscyphus aculeatus, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbrieatis connatis ovatis apice sinu
obtuso bidentatis margine dorsali medio unispinoso ventrali bi-tri-sponoso, amphigastriis transverse oblongis
quadrispinosis cum foliis subjectis late coalitis. (Tas. XCVII. Fig. 4.)

Haz. New Zealand: creeping over Hypopterygium concinnum (Herb. Mitten).

Viridis. Caulis pollicaris. Folia opposita, dorso marginibus coalitis paullulo decurrentibus rectiusculis, apice
spinoso-bidentato. Amphigastria sequaliter quadrispinosa.

A small but very distinct species, of which a few fragments are all that have yet been seen.—PrAvE XCVII.
Fig. 4:—1, a plant, natural size ; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—both magnified

8. Chiloscyphus ¢rispinosus, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis ovato-trapezoideis apice truncato-
bidentatis margine dorsali integerrimo ventrali medium versus unispinoso, amphigastriis bipartitis segmentis
bi- vel tri-spinosis basi utrinque cum foliis subjectis anguste coalitis. (Tas. XCVIII. Fig. 5.)

Haz. Middle Island: Bligh’s Sound; creeping over C. coalitus, etc., Lyall.

Pallide viridis, subpellucida. Caulis pollicaris et longior, subsimplex vel ramis adproximatis, vage ramosus.
Folia explanata, imbricata, subopposita, dentibus brevibus spinosis, sublaxe reticulata, succosa, cellulis majusculis,
interstitiis angustis. Amphigastria brevia, sinu rotundato, bipartita, basi in folia decurrentia. Odor gravis, aro-
maticus.

Very closely resembling C. odoratus, but a little more laxly areolate. Fructification unknown. The genus of this
and the preceding is hence uncertain ; they have more of the texture of Calypogeia Trichomanis than of any known
Lophocolec or Chiloscyphi. The present species bears short male spikes scarcely protruding beyond the leaves, com-
posed of ventricose bidentate leaves, but without anthers.—PrATE XCVIII. Fig. 5:—1, a plant, natural size; 2,
a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—all magnified.

9. Chiloscyphus odoratus, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso crassiusculo, foliis oblongo-ovatis apice
spinoso-bidentatis, amphigastriis parvis profunde bipartitis segmentis extus unidentatis basi utrinque in folia
subjecta auguste decurrentibus, perianthio campanulato ore dentata. (Tas. XCVIIL Fig 6.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Auckland and Port Preservation, Lyall.

LTepatica. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 141

Viridis vel pallide fuseus. Caulis sesquipollicaris, repens. Folia arcte imbricata, apice sinu obtuso obliquo bi-
dentata, dentibus brevibus spinosis, e cellulis majusculis interstitiis angustis areolata. Amphigastria parva, spinoso-
quadridentata. Perianthium breviter campanulatum, superne paullulum coarctatum, ore ciliis paucis brevibus dentato.
Odor pungens, piperaceus.

In size and general appearance not unlike Lophocolea bidentata, but its leaves are much more closely imbricated
and of a different texture; in the last particular it has the closest affinity with C. aculeatus, C. Lyallii, and C. tri-
spinosus.—PLATE XCVII. Fig. 6 :—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a portion of
the leaf with cells :—Jdoth magnified.

10. Chiloseyphus coalitus, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 180 et 706. Flor. Antarct. p. 157. C.
oblongifolius, Hook. jit. et Tayl., ex parte.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Wairarapa Valley, Colenso. Port Pre-
servation, Zyall. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Hokianga, Joliffe.

11. Chiloscyphus physanthus, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovatis apice spinoso-
bidentatis cum amphigastriis spinoso-quadridentatis utrinque anguste coalitis, perianthio campanulato ore
laciniis dentatis incurvis, foliis involucralibus quadridentatis, amphigastrio ovato bidentato.— Lophocolea
physantha, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 561. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 100. (Tas.
XCVIII. Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Viridis, dein fuscescens. Caulis uncialis. Folia dentibus divergentibus, sinu obtuso. Amphigastria profunde
bifida, basin versus extus utrinque uni- rarius bidentata, basi anguste in folia subjecta decurrentia. Perianthium
superne subplicatum. Capsula elliptica.

As in C. chloroplyllus, the habit of this species is more like that of the lesser species of Lophocolea with biden-
tate leaves ; but the form and position of the perianth are altogether those of Chiloscyphus. The lacinize at the mouth
of the perianth are strongly dentate, but not ciliate, nor is the resemblance to Lophocolea multipenna, which Dr. Taylor
notices, very marked.—Prarz XCVIII. Fig. 7:—1, a plant, natural size: 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and
stipule; 3, a perianth with capsule and involucral leaves :—doth magnified.

12. Chiloscyphus combinatus, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 182.
Has. Northern Island: amongst Mosses, Wellington, Stephenson. Bay of Islands, Cunningham
(Herb. Mitten). Cape Turnagain, etc., Colenso.

13. Chiloscyphus echinetlus, Mitten.—Lophocolea echinella, G. Z. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 703.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands : Dusky Bay, on Plagiochila ramosissima (Herb. Ldbg. et Gottsche).
Auckland, amongst Chiloscyphus odoratus and C. Jissistipus, Sinclair.

Perianthium breviter campanulatum, ore trilabiato dentato.

A small species, allied in size and in its papillate leaves to Lophocolea muricata, but with the campanulate
lateral perianth of Chiloscyphus.

14. Chiloseyphus sinwosus, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 175 et 705. Flor. Antarct. p.157. Chi-
_loscyphus oblongifolius, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 563, ex parte. Hook. Muse. Exot.
+2, 138.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group.

15. Chiloscyphus piperitus, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis oblongis ovatisve apice sinu
rotundato bidentatis, dentibus brevibus spinosisve, amphigastriis bidentatis. (Tag. XCVIII. Fig. 8.)

Has. New Zealand, Herb. Mitten.

VOL. IL, 20

142 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Pallide fuscus. Caulis semipollicaris. Folia antice conniventia, cellulis hexagonis. Amphigastria caule paulo
latiora, segmentis lanceolatis divergentibus. Spice mascule parve, elongate, squamis imbricatis bidentatis. Odor
Piperis nigri.

A small plant, with considerable resemblance to Geocalyx graveolens, Schrad., but with differently-shaped leaves.
The presence of male spikes, arising from the sides of the stems, is a character of no great generic value, for it has
been observed in Lophocolea and Chiloscyphus, although, in both these genera, it is decidedly exceptional.—PLATE
XCVIII. Fig. 8:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem, with leaves and male spike; 8, portion of the
stem with stipule; 4, portion of male spike, with leaflet detached; 5, portion of leaf with cells :—all magnified.

16. Chiloscyphus Zaeus, Mitten; caule repente subsimplici, foliis remotiusculis ovato-oblongis apice
varie tri-quadridentatis, amphigastriis parvis profunde bipartitis segmentis extus unidentatis. (Tag. XCIX.
Eg. 1)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Auckland, Sinclair; creeping over Gottschea appendiculata,
Lyall.

Amcene viridis, subpellucidus. Caulis elongatus, bipollicaris, parce ramosus, fragillimus. Folia explanata,
plerumque insequaliter quadridentata, e cellulis majusculis laxis areolata. Amphigastria quadrispinosa.

The remarkably lax texture of the leaves of this species gives it more resemblance to some forms of Calypogeia
Trichomanis, than to any Chiloscyphus. Female flowers, in a very young state, have been observed on short and thick
lateral branches.—PrATE XCIX. Fig. 1:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves, magnified.

17. Chiloscyphus supinus, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis ovatis apice obtusis
rarius bidentatis margine dorsali arcuato ventrali subrecto, amphigastriis ambitu suborbicularibus spinoso-
dentatis, medio sinu rotundo bidentatis, basi utrinque cum foliis subjectis anguste coalitis, * perianthio
campanulato ore flexuoso-laciniato."— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 284. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 108.
(Tas. XCIX. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Ruahine range, Colenso.

Fusco-virens. Caulis sesquipollicaris. Folia imbricata, explanata, subtruncata, undulata, margine dorsali
apicem versus paullulo recurvo, in ramis junioribus folia abnormalia varie bidentata, tenera, cellulis hexagonis. £m-
phigastria majuscula, lateribus 5—6-spinosis. * Folia involucralia fere perianthii longitudine, alterum majus 3—4-
fidum, alterum minus bifidum. Amphigastrium involucrale brevius." Tayl.

This species resembles C. polycladus, and agrees with it in having the dorsal margins of its leaves arcuate,
whilst the ventral are almost straight from the base to the apex, and at right angles from the stem ; the occasional
bidentation of the leaves seems similar to that which may be sometimes observed in the European C. pallescens. Dr.
Taylor has described the perianth, which resembles that of allied species—Puatn XCIX. Fig. 2:—1, a plant, natu-
yal size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule, magnified.

18. Chiloscyphus polycladus, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis explanatis ovatis obtusis margine
dorsali areuato integerrimo, ventrali rectiusculo basin versus dentibus parvis armato, amphigastriis circiter
sexspinosis utrinque eum foliis subjectis anguste coalitis.—Lophocolea polyclada, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 1840, p. 367. @. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 697. (Tan. XCIX. Fig. 3.)

Has. Middle Island: Akaroa, Raoul.

Pallide fuscus. Caulis bi-tripollicaris. Folia laxe imbricata, margine ventrali basin versus sub-3-dentato,
dorsali apicem versus subrecurvo, tenera, cellulis rotundatis interstitiis angustis. Amphigastria varia, pleraque sex-
spinosa. Flores feeminei in vamulo juvenili brevissimo laterales.

A species with some resemblance to the European C. pallescens, Nees, but differing in texture and the form of
the leaves from it and all other species, including Lophocolea planiuscula, to which it has been compared.—PLATE

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Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 143

XCIX. Fig. 3:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, a portion of leaf
with cells :-—both magnified.

Gen. VI. PSILOCLADA, Mitten.

Perianthium in ramulo brevissimo laterale, subcylindricum, leeve, ore laciniato-dentato. nvolucri folia
magna.— Folia succuba, minuta, quadridentata.. Amphigastria foliis conformis. Caulis ramulis alternis
subpinnatim ramosus, procumbens.

l. Psiloclada clandestina, Mitten.—Jungermannia clandestina, Wils. in Herb. Mitten. (Tas.
XCIX. Fig. 4.)
Has. Northern Island: amongst Mosses, Wellington, Stephenson ; a single stem.

Coulis exilis, pollicaris, procumbens vel adscendens, subpinnatim ramosus. Folia explanata, minuta, remota, sub-
quadrata, ad medium quadrifida, segmentis aculeiformibus basi extus cellulis tumidis tubereulatis?a basi patula,
abrupte inflexis, rigidula, e cellulis grossis interstitiis crassiusculis areolata, segmenta foliorum cellulis nullis. 4m-
phigastria paullo minora, fere conformia. Folia involucralia majora et teneriora, secunda, profunde bifida, laciniis
falcatis subulato-attenuatis dentatis. Perianthium subcylindricum, leve, laciniis subulato-attenuatis secundis.

The habit of this plant is so unlike that of any described genus with succubous leaves, that I have been obliged
to consider it as the type of a new one, bearing somewhat the same relation to Chiloscyphus, that Lepidozia does to
Mastigobryum. In general appearance, this minute species resembles Lepidozia capillaris, Sw., but from its shorter
and inflexed leaves, looks smaller, and might easily be passed over as an imperfect state of that or an allied species.
It differs from Lepidozia in the absence of flagella, in its succubous leaves, and in the very much increased size of
those of the involucrum. Some latitude must be allowed for the above description, which is drawn up from a few
fragments picked out of Tasmanian Mosses by Mr. Wilson, a single New Zealand specimen, and one entire empty
perianth.—PrAvE XCIX. Fig. 4:—1,a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a leaf; 4, a
stipule detached from the stem ; 5, a perianth with involucral leaves and a portion of the stem :—a magnified.

Gen. VII. GYMNANTHE, Tayt.

l. Gymnanthe saccata, Taylor, Flor. Antarct. p. 153. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 193 e£ 719. Jun-
germannia saccata, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 16.

Has. Throughout the Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Poverty Bay, Lake
Taupo, ete., Colenso. Chalky Bay and Southern Island, Zyall.

An Auckland Island species.— The name proposed for this genus is scarcely expressive of the remarkable struc-
ture of its fructification. The archegonia appear to be produced on the dorsal side of the apex of the stem, and the
torus is formed by the downward expansion of the ventral side. In @. saccata the unfertilized archegonia are themselves
drawn into the mouth of the torus, and at maturity remain enclosed there, in appearance at the summit of the
calyptra, which is everywhere connate with the torus itself. The leaves on the dorsal side and at the apex remain,
at the completion of the growth of the torus, in the same position as before. The chief peculiarity of these plants
is the apparent dorsal formation of the archegonia, which, when fertilized, sink through the stem to form the
perianths. In the smaller species with entire leaves, this structure gradually becomes less apparent, and in G. lutescens
[ Gymnomitrium, Gottsche, Syn. Hep. p. 4] there is scarcely any formation of torus, but the fruit rises from the
dorsal side and incrassated apex of the stem, surrounded by the upper leaves, concrete more or less with the calyptra.
The same structure is observable in G. Wilsoni. The absence of stipules ascribed to the genus by Dr. Taylor, is
invalidated as a generic character by G. lutescens and some other species to be mentioned hereafter.

2. Gymnanthe tenella, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 877. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p.
192 et 719.

144 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: Port Nicholson, Zyall.
Also an Auckland Island species, referred in Fl. Antarct. to the preceding.

3. Gymnanthe setulosa, Mitten ; caule procumbente, ramis erectis setulis brevibus dense obtectis, foliis
bifariis oblongis obovatis ovatisve bilobis apiculatis margine dorsali medium versus sinuato-lobato denticulato
ventrali varie dentato. (Tas. XCIX. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: Tararua Mountains, with Plagiochila falcata, Colenso.

Luteo-virens. Caulis repens, radiculosus. Rami erecti, pollicares. Folia lobis obtusiusculis, lobo dorsali in-
terdum incurvo, marginibus undulatis sinuatis et denticulatis.

A very distinct little species, with the habit of G. saccata and G. Urvilleana, but readily distinguished by its
densely setulose stems ; its leaves, like those of the species just named, are notched just below the apex, so as to
give the leaves a somewhat bilobate appearance.—PLATE XCIX. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of
the stem with leaves; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—doth magnified.

4. Gymnanthe Urvilleana, Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 468. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 198 et
719. Flor. Antarct. p. 153 et 435. Scapania, Mont. Voy. au Pöle Sud, t. 16. f. 2.
Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Col. Bolton. Ravines, Wairarapa Valley, etc., Colenso.

Also a native of Lord Auckland’s Group, Fuegia, and Tasmania.

5. Gymnanthe wngwiculata, Mitten ; caule repente adscendente creberrime radiculoso, foliis imbricatis
suborbiculatis quadratisve insequaliter sinuato-bilobis lobo dorsali minore bi-tri-spinosis ventrali subquadri-
dentatis, amphigastriis minutis palmatis bifidisve spinoso-dentatis. (Tas. XCIX. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: creeping over a Dieranum, Sulphur springs, Waimate, Colenso.

Pallide viridis, fusca vel purpureo-tincta. Caulis radiculis crebris albidis repens. Folia antice conniventia,
suprema sensim majora, hinc apex caulis abruptus videtur. Amphigastria (facillime preetervisa) polymorpha, bi-trifida
v. palmata.

This curious little plant has the size, habit, and general appearance of the European Jungermannia capitata, Hook.;
the texture of the leaves is also very similar. It agrees with G. Wilsoni, which is its nearest ally, in its unequally
bilobate leaves.—PrATE XCIX. Fig. 6:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a stem with leaves; 3, a portion of the stem
with leaf; 4, a portion of the stem with stipules :—all magnified.

6. Gymnanthe ZopAocoleoides, Mitten ; caule repente radiculoso, foliis obovatis cuneatisve sinu profundo
lato rotundato subulato-bidentatis. (Tas. XCIX. Fig. 7.)
Haz. Northern Island: creeping amongst Plagiochila falcata, Tararua mountains, Colenso.

Luteo-viridis, pallescens. Caulis sesquipollicaris, procumbens, radiculis ex angulis ventralibus foliorum orienti-
bus. Folia explanata, marginibus paullulo recurvis, convexiuscula, lobo ventrali aliquantulo majore, e cellulis rotun-
datis interstitiis grossiusculis areolata. Amphigastria nulla.

A small species, which might, perhaps, have been referred to Jungermannia, but its appearance, areolation, and
the absence of stipules, seem to place it in the present genus. In its size it nearly resembles Lophocolea dia-
demata.—Prare XCIX. Fig. 7 :—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves, magnified.

7. Gymnanthe Drummondii, Mitten ; caule repente prostrato crassiusculo, foliis ovatis obtusis expla-
natis integerrimis, toro genitali longissimo angusto clavato radiculoso.—Riccia squamata, Tayl. in Drum-
mond’s Swan River Mosses. Podanthe squamata, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. Al C D a N.
Syn. Hep. p.189. ? Jungermannia pansa, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 275. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.
p. 676. (Tas. XCIX. Fig. 8.)

Has. Northern Island: forests of Titiokura, Colenso.

O <i een

Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 145

Fusco-viridis. Caules semipollicares, arcte repentes vel interdum arcuati, apicibus radicantibus. Folia expla-
nata, imbricata, ovata, margine dorsali subrecurvo, superne sensim majora. Torus longissimus, longitudine plantam
totam sequans, anguste claviformis, radiculis parvis obtectus.

An interesting little species, allied to G. Bustillosiz, Mont., from Peru, but readily distinguished from all others
yet known, by its very long torus. The New Zealand specimens are rather smaller than those from Swan River,
_but correspond in all other respects; and a reference to the figure will show that it cannot be referred to Réiccia.—
Prats XCIX, Fig. 8 :—1, plants, natural size; 2, a plant entire; 3, a portion of the stem with leaves :—bot%
magnified.

Gen. VIII. SACCOGYNA, Dumort.

1. Saccogyna australis, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovatis apice obtusis minute
bidentatis integerrimisve, amphigastriis parvis bidentatis basi in folia subjecta anguste decurrentibus, peri-
anthiis carnosis radiculosis. (Tan. C. Fig. 1.) :

Has. Northern Island: forests, Tararua, Colenso.

Sordide flavo-viridis. Folia explanata, margine dorsali subrecurvo. Amphigastria fere ad basin bipartita,
segmentis ovato-lanceolatis, cauli parallelis. Periantkium 2 lin. longum, ore foliolis tribus dentatis coronato. Ca-
lyptra perianthio omnino adnata.

Closely resembling the British 8, viticulosa in size, habit, colour, and the minutely punctulate surfaces of
its leaves, but differing in its bipartite stipules and minutely bidentate and narrower leaves, the cells of which are
nearly twice the size of those of the European plant. The internal structure of the perigynium, or torus, differs
from that of S. vitieulosa in having the calyptra adnate with it throughout. There is no involucellum surrounding
the base of the fruit-stalk in this species, nor does there appear to be any such part present in the torus of Gym-
nanthe saccata ; what seems to have been mistaken for it is only the slightly expanded base of the fruit-stalk at its
point of union with the bottom of the torus.—So few examples of the perfect torus of Saccogyna viticulosa haye
been examined, that it appears premature to deny the presence of an involucellum in that plant; it is stated in the
“Synopsis Hepaticarum’ nearly to equal the height of the combined part of the calyptra.—Prarg C. Fig. 1:—1, a
plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 8, portion of the leaf with cells; 4, a portion
of the stem and section of the torus with part of the fruit-stalk :—all magnified.

Gen. IX. LEPIDOZIA, G. L. et N.

l. Lepidozia microphylla, Lind., G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 202. Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia,
f. 16.7. 29. Jungermannia microphylla, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 80.
Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Preservation, Zyall.

2. Lepidozia capilligera, Lind., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 204. Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 25.
£.4. L. tetrapila, Hook. Jil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 970. @. L. et IN. l. c. p. 716.
Has. Northern Island: Tararua, with Saccogyna australis, Colenso.

3. Lepidozia prenitens, Lehm. et Lind., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 206. Ldby. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepi-
dozia, p. 39. t. 6.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, probably gathered by Menzies [Herb. Lehm. et
Lind.]. Ravines near Wellington, with Leucobryum brachyphyllum, Stephenson [ Herb. Mitten]. Water-
courses, Tararua, Colenso.

This species was mixed with the P. dispar and P. patentissima from Lord Auckland’s Islands.

4. Lepidozia Gottscheana, Lind., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 206. Ldbg.et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 35.1.6.

VOL. II. 9 P

146 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. :

5. Lepidozia Zevifolia, Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 151. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 208. — Ldlg. et G. Sp.
Hep. Lepidozia, p. 41. t. 1 bona.

Has. Northern Island: [Herb. Taylor et Gottsche]. Wellington, Stephenson [ Herb. Mitten]. Port
Nicholson, Lyall. Tehawera, Colenso.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group and Campbell’s Island.

6. Lepidozia pendulina, Lind., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 208. Lepidozia, Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. p. 49.
4 1. Jungermannia pendulina, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 60.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Top of Ruahine range, Colenso.

7. Lepidozia spinosissima, Mitten; caule laxe ceespitoso levi bipinnato, surculis sursum confertis at-
tenuato -flagelliferis, foliis amphigastriisque erecto-patentibus e lata subquadrata basi quadripartitis, seg-
mentis setaceis rigidis integerrimis.—Sendtnera spinosissima, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846,
p. 378. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 123. (Tas. C. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, etc., Edgerley, Sinclair, Jolliffe, Colenso.

Pallide fusca. Rami tripollicares, ramulis ramosis superne fastigiatis. Folia profunde quadrifida, segmentis
anguste lanceolatis, marginibus integerrimis. Amphigastria conformia.

This tall species is easily recognized by its deeply-cleft leaves and stipules, which being rather distant, the
stems have a different look from most others of the genus, and more nearly resemble Sendinera ochroleuca, Nees.
No perianths have been seen, but very young involucra are present on some of the stems.—PLATE C. Fig. 2:—1, a
plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipules, magnified.

8. Lepidozia capillaris [Swartz], Lind., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 212. Lepidozia, Ldbg. et G. Sp.
Hep. Jungermannia capillaris, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occid. v. 8. p. 1856. J. hippuroides, Hook. fil. et Tayl.,
Flor. Antarct. p. 159. t. 65. f. 7. J. nemoides, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 84. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.
Pe Cb.

Has. Northern Island: amongst Chiloscyphus supinus, Bay of Islands, Sinclair.

None of the plants here referred to Z. capillaris present any appreciable differences from an original specimen
of that plant from Swartz, preserved in Herb. Hooker.

9. Lepidozia Lindenbergii, Gottsche, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 918. Lepidozia, Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep.
p. 66. 4. 11. L. tetradactyla, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 168, quoad specim. e Nova Zelandia.

Ha». Northern Island: amongst Z. prenitens [ Herb. Lehmann], growing with L. levifolia, in ravines
near Wellington, Stephenson. Forests, Manawatu and Tehawera, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

It appears that this is the L. tetradactyla of Dr. Taylor, so far as relates to the New Zealand specimens, but is
not the plant described under that name from Lord Auckland’s Island and Hermite Island, which is L. plumulosa,
Lehm. et Ldbg., a species not yet seen from New Zealand. In the ‘Species Hepaticarum’ (Lepidozia) of Linden-
berg and Gottsche, a full description of this and the preceding species is given, and reference is made to figures
which, as in the case of L. dispar, Mont., have apparently not been published.

Gen. X. MASTIGOBRYUM, G. L. et N.

1. Mastigobryum anisostomum, Lehm. et Ldbg., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 919 et 717. M. atrovi-
rens, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 338. Flor. Antarct. p. 160. G L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 218.

Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies (Herb. Lehmann]; growing amongst Chiloscyphus decipiens,
Port Preservation, Lyall.

Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 147

The New Zealand specimens of this species differ a little in habit from those from Lord Auckland’s Islands, on
account of the latter having grown in closely-matted patches.

2. Mastigobryum Colensoanum, Mitten; caule procumbente dichotomo-prolifero stolonifero, foliis im-
bricatis oblongis sinu acuto subinequaliter bidentatis, amphigastriis parvis obtuse tricrenatis. (Tas. C.
Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: growing amongst Saccogyna australis, Tararua, Colenso.

Pallide viride, tenellum. Caulis pollicaris. Folia explanata, oblonga, margine dorsali parum arcuato, ventrali
rectiusculo, apice bidentato, dente ventrali aliquantulo minore, e cellulis majusculis levibus areolata. Amphigastria
saule paulo angustiora, appressa.

A small species, readily distinguished from all its congeners by its nearly equally bidentate leaves, which have
the lesser tooth on the ventral side, and not, as occurs in M. anisostomum and the other bidentate-leaved species, on
the dorsal, nor are the leaves papillose.—PrATE C. Fig. 3:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem, with
leaves and stipule; 8, portion of leaf with cells :—doth magnified.

3. Mastigobryum convexum, Lind. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 215. Jungermannia convexa, Thunb.,
Prodr. Fl. Cap. p. 118.

Haz. Northern Island: growing amongst Jungermannia monodon, Tararua mountains, Colenso.

This small species has been sent from Australia by Mr. Bidwill, and is stated to grow in Peru; there is how-
ever a very closely-allied species, to which the Peruvian specimens may possibly belong*. M. tenacifolium (Hook.
fil. et Tayl.), Jungermannia tenacifolia, Flor. Antarct. tab. lxiv. fig. 4, belongs either to this group of the genus, or
to that with an oblique notch at the apices of the leaves; it was gathered at Cape Horn, mixed with J. madida, and
in Lord Auckland’s Islands.

4. Mastigobryum affine, Mitten ; caule repente ramoso stolonifero, foliis imbricatis oblique ovatis apice
oblique truncatis et obtuse tridentatis, amphigastriis transverse oblongis apice spinoso-pluridentatis basi
utrinque cum foliis conjunctis. (Tas. C. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: with M. convezum, amongst Jungermannia monodon, Tararua and Tehawera
mountains, Colenso.

Fusco-viride. Caulis pollicaris, dichotome ramosus. Folia arcte imbricata, margine dorsali arcuato, ventrali
subrecto, apice oblique truncata tridenticulata.

Very nearly allied to M. integrum, Nees et Mont., a species found in Mauritius, but differing in its spinoso-
dentate stipules, and obliquely truncate leaves.—PrLATE C. Fig. 4:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the
stem with leaves and stipules; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—toth magnified.

5. Mastigobryum Tayloriamum, Mitten ; caule repente subramoso, foliis laxe imbricatis tridentatis ob-
lique ovatis margine dorsali parum arcuato ventrali subrecto basi medio cellulis elongatis majoribus vittatis,
amphigastriis rotundo-quadratis acute quadridentatis.—M. monilinerve, Tayl. in Herb. Hook. (non Lehm. et
Lind.) (Tas. C. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: forests, Tehawera, etc., Colenso.

Viride. Caulis gracilis, eflagellaris? Folia explanata, acute dentata. Vitta e seriebus cellularum formata,

ante apicem evanescens,

* M. Richardianum, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbricatis oblique ovatis linea cellularum elongatarum
vittatis apice obtusis rotundatis minute tridenticulatis margine dorsali arcuato ventrali recto, amphigastriis parvis
subquadratis acute quadridentatis.

Has. Ad Fretum Magellanieum (Herb. Richard).

M. convexo affine; differt, foliis magis ovatis, patentibus, margine ventrali rectiore, et amphigastriis quadriden-
tatis non quadrilaciniatis.

148 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Hepatice.

A small species, with much of the habit and appearance of M. monilinerve, but in size nearer to M. convexum ;
from the first it differs in the form of its leaves and stipules, and from the last in its narrower and acutely-toothed
leaves.—PrATE C. Fig. 5:—1, a stem, natural size; 2, a portion of the same with leaves and stipules; 3, portion
of leaf with cells :—both magnified.

6. Mastigobryum monilinerve, Nees, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 223. Jungermannia monilinervis,
Lehm. et Lind. in Lehm. Pug. pl. 4. p. 56.
Has. Southern Island: growing on Plagiochila annotina, Lyall.

7. Mastigobryum Nove-Hollandia, Nees, Flor. Antaret. p. 159. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 221 et
Tit

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: on decayed wood, Hawke's Bay, Colenso. Port William, Port
Preservation, etc., Zyall.

A Lord Auckland’s Group and Tasmanian plant. All the New Zealand specimens have the apices of their
leaves, as well as the teeth themselves, minutely denticulate, and ought therefore to be considered as the var. y of
the ‘Synopsis Hepaticarum.’ In Dr. Greville’s specimens, referred in the ‘ Synopsis’ to the var. a, with the teeth
and apices of the leaves entire, these parts are certainly denticulate.

8. Mastigobryum Nove-Zelandia, Mitten ; caule procumbente dichotomo, foliis imbricatis oblique
ovatis divergentibus apice tridentatis margine dorsali arcuato ventrali sinuato, amphigastriis quadratis paten-
tibus apice crenulatis basi utrinque cum foliis conjunctis. (Tas. C. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: forests, Tehawera and Tararua, growing with Saccogyna australis, Colenso.

Fusco-viride. Caulis bi-tripollicaris, flagellifer. Folia deflexa, subopposita, integerrima.

In size and habit allied to the European M. trilobatum, but in the united bases of its stipules and leaves, to M.
Nove-Hollandie ; differing however from this last, as well as from M. involutum, in its quadrate stipules. —PLATE C.
Fig. 6:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, portion of leaf with cells :—
both magnified.

9. Mastigobryum involutum, Lind., Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 159. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.
p. 220 et 117. Herpetium involutum, Mont. Voy. au Póle Sud, t. 18. Fa

Has. Middle Island: Milford Sound, Zyall.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group.

Gen. XI. MICROPTERYGIUM, G. L. et N.

1. Micropterygium nutans, Mitten.—Jungermannia (Mastigobryum) nutans, Mor. Antarct. p. 160.
t.65./.8. GQ. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 219 et 717.

Haz. Northern Island : forests of Titiokura, Colenso.

Also a native of Lord Auckland’s Group. The habit is so nearly that of the other species of the present
genus that it has been thought advisable to remove it from Mastigobryum, notwithstanding that the leaves want
the keel along their under surfaces and are bifid at their apices. At first sight the leaves appear carinate from the
transparency of the larger cells near their bases. The perianths are large, lanceolate, and trigonous above ; they
appear to spring from the stem just at the angles of the leaves and stipules.

Gen. XII. ISOTACHIS, Mitten.

Perianthium terminale, tubulosum, ore contracto, dentato. Caulis erectus, innovationibus ramosus.—

Folia incuba, amphigastriaque fere conformia, conduplicata, sape serrulata.

Hepatica. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 149

The above appears to be all that may be safely affirmed of this genus. It is readily recognized by its evenly
arranged leaves and stipules, which last so nearly resemble the leaves in size and form, that the foliage might almost
be called trifarious. The perfect capsule has been seen only in two species, in one of which it is spirally twisted, and
in the other perfectly even and straight. This genus is distinguished from Jungermannia by its incubous leaves, and
from Sendtnera, which it closely resembles in habit, by the form of its perianth and free calyptra.

1. Isotachis Lyallii, Mitten; caule erecto ramoso apicibus decurvis, foliis imbricatis subquadratis vel
semicordatis truncatis margine dorsali valde arcuato apicem versus denticulato ventrali rectiusculo incurvo
spinuloso-dentato apice quadrifido sinu medio profundiore laciniis marginibus recurvis dentatis incurvis,
amphigastriis inferne cauli adpressis superne patulis obovatis tri-quadrifidis denticulatis basin versus dentibus
elongatis deflexis armatis, perianthio elongato subcylindrico minute tuberculato apice obtuso, foliis amphi-
gastrioque involucralibus internis minutissimis externis majoribus marginibus dorsalibus magis dentatis.—
(Tas. C. Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Port Preservation, Zyall. Top of Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

Pallida, inferne fusca, superne purpureo-tincta. Caulis iripollicaris, basi decumbens, ramis parum ramosis.
Folia secunda, subopposita, dorso arcte imbricata. ^ Perianthium tubulosum, elongatum, basi apiceque rotundatum,
carnosum, rigidum. Folia involucralia minuta, exteriora caulinis similia, sed duplo majora.

A large and handsome species, remarkable for its dirty-white colour, and for the decurved apices of its stems,
which are tinged of a purplish or violet. It is closely allied to Z. madida and to I. Gunniana (a Tasmanian species not
yet described) in the structure of its perianth, which, unlike any other Jungermannia, is composed of several layers of
cells; this thickening of its walls is not owing to the adhesion of the calyptra within, nor to leaves on the external
surface. The inner involucral leaves in all these species are very minute and liable to be overlooked.—Pratn C.
Fig. 7 :—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a leaf; 3, portion of leaf with cells; 4, a stipule; 5, a perianth and involu-
cral leaves :—all magnified.

2. Isotachis subtrifida, Mitten; caule erecto subsimplici apice decurvo, foliis secundis ovatis condupli-
catis apice bi-trifidis dentibus margineque dorsali integerrimis ventrali vel integerrimo vel parce dentato,
amphigastriis conformibus aliquantulo minoribus.—Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 579.
G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 681.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, amongst Lophocolea leucophylla, J. D. H.

Pallide fusca, apicibus pallide roseis. Caulis pollicaris, gracilis. Folia laxe imbricata, erecto-patentia, sinubus
laciniisque acutiusculis, margine dorsali integerrimo, ventrali nonnunquam parce dentato et basi dente parvo auricu-
lari decurvo.

A small and slender species, more nearly allied to one gathered in Peru by Professor Jameson than to any of
those yet described, and, so far as can be seen from the very rudimentary state of its involucral leaves, corresponding
in its involucrum and perianth. It has less the look of J. serrulata, Sw., than many of the allied species, from its
leaves being more erect. The New Zealand specimens strikingly resemble young stems of the tropical form of

Sendinera juniperina (Sw.), Nees,

Gen. XIII. GOTTSCHEA, Nees ab E.

1. Gottschea pinnatifolia, Nees. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 22 et 625. Flor. Antarct. p. 141. t. 63.
J. l. G. ciligera, Lond. Journ. Bot. t. 3. p. 147. Jungermannia pinnatifolia, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 114.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Tararua mountains, Colenso. Port
William, Zyalf.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group.

VOL. II. ia

150 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

2. Gottschea tuloides, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule disperso procumbente abbreviato subramoso, foliis
imbricatis patentibus apice dentatis, lobo ventrali ovato-lanceolato acuto, dorsali breviore ovato apice trun-
cato, margine anteriore recurvo.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. $58. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 626. (Tas.
CE Fie L)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: forests, East Coast, Colenso. On the bark of trees, Port Pre-
servation, Lyall.

Plantæ in cæspitibus Muscorum ete. repentes. Caules pollicares, pallidissime virides. Folia imbricata, lobus
dorsalis ventrali dimidio brevior, apice truncatus et dentatus ; ventralis Goncavus, margine plano, apice dentatus,
et cum apice lobi dorsalis punctis elevatis notatus. Folia involucralia libera, amplectentia. Capsula parva, oblonga,
brevipedicellata.

This small species is readily distinguished from all its allies by the absence of stipules and the presence of small
raised points towards the extremities of the lobes of its leaves. —Puate CI, Fig. 1:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a

leaf; 3, involucrum and uppermost leaf upon it :—both magnified.

3. Gottschea appendiculata, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 14. Jungermannia appendiculata, Hook.
Muse. Exot. t. 15.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Cooper, Lyall. Auckland, Sinclair,
etc. Hokianga, Joliffe.

The perfect involucrum of this fine species is formed by the union of the margins of the uppermost leaves and
stipule when present; towards its base it is overlaid with several pairs of leaves, which are also united : this structure
seems to be due to the growing up of the outer wall of the stem itself, after the fertilization of the archegonium, or
pistil. The calyptra, which is the enlarged base of the archegonium, is itself attached to the inner surfaces of the
leaves, and, as in Symphogyna and Steetzia, it bears on its summit all the sterile archegonia. The structure there-
fore of the involucrum of Gottschea differs scarcely at all from that of Polyotus and Sendtnera ; Trichocolea dif-
fers from Sendtnera more in appearance than in characters, for its involucrum is formed in exactly the same manner.
That this must be the true explanation of the apparently perforate stem, seems proved by the archegonia, when per-
fect, being borne on the axis of the stem; and it is not until after fertilization that the sterile ones are carried up by
the combined growth of the leaves and calyptra : this explanation appears as natural as that which makes the pedicel
descend into the axis of the stem to produce an involucrum. In the ‘Synopsis Hepaticarum,’ Gottschea is regarded
as forming a peculiar tribe (Coelocaules), from the nature of its involucre, which has been sufficiently commented upon
above; but the incubous insertion of its leaves seems not to have been apprehended by the authors of that valuable
work.

4. Gottschea splachnophylla, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 424. t. 156. f. 2. G. L. et N. Syn.

Hep. p. 624.
Has. Northern Island: summit of Ruahine mountains.

This species was first found at Cape Horn. The figure of the leaves is not accurate in Flor. Antarct.; they
are made out with great difficulty if the specimens are not in a good state, on account of their very fragile and fleshy
texture. The true form of the leaf is to have ventral lobes ovate-oblong, its apex truncate, entire; the dorsal,
broadly ovate or semicordate, shorter than the ventral lobe and with its apex also truncate; the dorsal lobe is so
placed upon the ventral as to leave a broad portion of the latter free below it to the base. In the younger stems
the leaves vary considerably, and are found with the ventral lobe ovate acute, the dorsal also ovate, with one or two
obtuse teeth; the free portion, below the line of union of the two lobes, is also wider. The stipules in the larger
plants are somewhat of a semi-orbicular form, their apices retuse; in the smaller plants they are oblong and bifid.
The stems, when prostrate, as the larger usually are, are thickly covered with radicles, which completely hide the
stipules and stem itself, but there are no “squame,” as stated by Dr. Taylor. It is probable that this species is

Hepatice.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 151

nearly allied to G. pachyphylla, of which no specimens have been seen.—Gottschea pachyla, Crypt. Antaret. t. 156.
f. 2, is a species of entirely different habit, and in this particular approaches those Jungermannie which are allied to
J. serrulata.

5. Gottschea nobilis, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 21 et 624. Jungermannia nobilis, Hook. Muse.
Exot. t. 11.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands : Dusky Bay, Menzies. Dead wood at Tararua, Colenso. South
end of the Middle Island, ZyaZ.

The figure in * Musci Exotici” well represents the general appearance of this plant; but the leaves, which are
similar to those of G. Lelmanniana and G. Blumei, are represented as bifid and complicate, the dorsal lobe being
combined with the ventral about one-third of its width from its lower margin, having its own lower margin often
free and resembling a keel along the combined lobes. This is caused in all the genus by the adhesion of the lobes
just above their lower margins, so as to form a single complicate leaf above, when the two free margins below form
a sort of double keel.

6. Gottschea ciliata, Mitten; ramis adscendentibus parum ramosis, foliis imbricatis lobis ovatis sub-
zequalibus ciliato-spinulosis, amphigastriis bifidis vel quadrifidis spinoso-ciliatis. (Tas. CI. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: on Hymenophyllum, Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

Pallida. Rami simplices, rarius ramosi. Amphigastria sinubus laciniisque rotundatis, toto margine dentibus
vatie directis ciliatis.

A species with much of the habit and appearance of G. pinnatifolia, but very distinct from it, and all other
described species, in the nearly equal lobes of its leaves, which, with the stipules, are so closely set with ciliiform
teeth, as to give the ventral side of the stems a woolly appearance.—PraATE CI. Fig. 4:—1, a plant, natural size ;
2, 3, stipules; 4, leaves as seen on both sides :—alZ magnified.

T. Gottschea glaucescens, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 20 et 624. J ungermannia glaucescens, Hook.
Muse. Huot. €. 39.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port William and Port Preservation,
Lyall. Dense forests, Wairarapa, Colenso.

A very distinct and curious species, which is said to grow on the Neilgherry mountains.

8. Gottschea Lebmanniana, Lind. in Lehm. Pug. v. 4. p. 60. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 20 et 623.
Flor. Antarct. p. 146. G. Hombroniana, Mont. in Voy. au Póle Sud, t. 16. f. 1.

Has. New Zealand, Herb. Funck. et Nees, ex Herb. Banks. Middle Island: Chalky Bay, Zyall.

A native of Tasmania, New Holland, and Lord Auckland's Islands.

9. Gottschea Balfouriana, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 4.956. Flor. Antarct. p.
147. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 622. (Tan. CI. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso. Chalky Bay, Lyall.

More nearly allied to @. Lehmanniana than to G. Blumei ; for though the dorsal lobe of the leaf is truncate as
in the latter, the habit and appearance are altogether that of the former. The phyllidia are very variable: besides
being lanceolate, some are variously divided into narrow lacinie.—Prarz CL Fig. 2:—1, a plant, natural size;
2, a stipule; 8, a phyllidium; 4, leaves as seen on both sides of the stems :—all magnified.

10. Gottschea unguicularis, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; ramis adscendentibus subsimplicibus, foliis imbricatis
patentibus lobo ventrali elongato-elliptico basin versus dentibus elongatis paucis armato superne lamellis
parvis cristato apice obtuso dentato dorsali late ovato truncato dentato, amphigastriis quadrifidis segmentis
varie dentato-ciliatis, foliolis accessoriis parvis subremotis, involucro elongato foliis laxe obtecto, capsula
oblongo-cylindrica.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 558. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 622. (Tas. CIL Fig. 1.)

152 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Auckland, Dr. Sinclair and Col. Bolton,
Pallide viridis. Rami pollicares, parum ramosi, inferne radicellis purpureis vestiti. Foliola accessoria ab
angulis decurrentibus foliorum et amphigastriorum orta. Folia involucralia non vaginantia, supremo magis den-

tato-ciliato.
The smallest of the New Zealand species, allied to Œ. Balfouriana, but differing in its much less dentato-ciliate

leaves and stipules—Prats CI. Fig. 1:—1, plants, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaf, stipule, and
accessory leaflets, as seen on the ventral side; 3, a leaf as seen on the dorsal side :—doth magnified.

11. Gottschea repleta, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule erecto glabro ceespitoso ramoso, foliis imbricatis
erecto-patentibus amplexicaulibus, lobo ventrali late ovato-lanceolato subacuto subtus apicem versus tri-
cristato cristis subintegerrimis dorsali foliigeno late ovato uniplicato utroque dentato, amphigastriis imbri-
catis oblongis bifidis segmentis bilaciniatis ciliatis.—G. JD. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 622. Jungermannia repleta,
Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 357. (Tas. CI. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso. Port William, Lyall.

Luteo-viridis. Rami adscendentes, 1-2-pollicares, inferne radicellis purpureis obsiti. Folia laxe imbricata,
marginibus pinnatifidis cristisque dentatis. Amphigastria magna, profunde bipartita, laciniis sinuatis dentatis.

A larger plant than @. Balfouriana, with more pointed leaves, and a stem destitute of phyllidia. In habit it
resembles G. Lehmanniana and G. Blumei.—PrLATE CI, Fig. 3:—1, 2, plants, natural size; 2, a stipule; 4, leaves

as seen on both sides :—both magnified.

Gen. XIV. POLYOTUS, Gottsche.

1. Polyotus clavigerus, Gotts. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 245. Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 10. Flor. An-
tarct. p. 163.

Var. a; foliis omnibus integerrimis.

Var. B. Stangeri ; foliis ramulorum dentato-serratis.

Var. y. Taylori; foliis caulinis margine ventrali basin versus dentato-spinosis.—P. Taylori, G. L. eb N.
Syn. Hep. p. 246.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands. Var. a. Dusky Bay, Menzies. Var. B. Auckland, Sinclar,
Stanger (Herb. Gourlie). Var. y. Dusky Bay, Menzies. Milford Sound and Bligh's Sound, Lyall. Live
trees, Wairarapa forest, Colenso.

A Campbell’s Island plant.—After a careful examination, P. Taylori, Gottsche, has been referred to a denticu-
late state of P. clavigera, which was originally described with entire leaves. The stipules, like the leaves, are very
variable in their toothing, which is sometimes extended to the dorsal margin of the latter. Only one specimen has
been seen, which corresponds in every respect with the figure in * Musci Exotici,’ though many others have leaves for
the most part entire.

2. Polyotus palpebrifolius, Gotts. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 246. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 71. Fior.
Antarct. p. 443.

Haz. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Thomson’s Sound, Lyail.

Also found in the Straits of Magellan.

8. Polyotus ¿rachycladus, Gotts. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 247.

Haz. Northern Island: summit of Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

The specimens of this very distinct species, although poor and imperfect, possess more resemblance to P. clavi-
gera in habit, than the original specimens from Tasmania, in Dr. Greville’s Herbarium.

4. Polyotus Magellanicus, Gotts. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 248. Lamarck, Encycl. Bot. v. 3. p. 984.
Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 115. Flor. Antarct. p. 162 et 443.

Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 153
Has. Northern and Middle Islands : forests, head of Wairarapa river, Colenso. Chalky Bay, Lyall.
Also found in Campbell's Island, Tasmania, Australia, and Fuegia,
Gen. XV. SENDTNERA, Endlicher.

l. Sendtnera jumiperina, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 930.
Has. Northern Island: a single stem, with Jungermannia colorata, top of Ruahine range, Colenso.

The New Zealand specimen of this widely diffused (but not Antarctic) species, although of a pale brown colour,

appears to belong to that form which has been brought from the Sandwich Islands, and noticed in the * Synopsis
Hepaticarum’ as 8 sanguinea ; and is intermediate in size and appearance between the European and tropical forms.

2. Sendtnera ochroleuca, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 240 et 722. Mastigophora hirsuta, Nees.
Flor. Antarct. p. 160 et 443.

Haz. Middle Island: Milford Sound and Port Preservation, Zyall.

Also found in Campbell’s Island, Fuegia, Mexico, Java, and South Africa.

3. Sendtnera Scolopendra, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 241 et 123. Flor. Antarct. p. 160. Jun-
germannia Scolopendra, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 40. Schisma Scolopendra, Nees et Auct.
Haz. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies.

Found as far south as Campbell’s Island.

4. Sendtnera attenuata, Mitten ; ramis adscendentibus, ramulis attenuatis divaricatis pinnatim ramosis,
foliis imbricatis basi ovatis ad medium bifidis segmentis bipartitis laciniis lanceolatis margine ventrali inte-
gerrimo dorsali spinoso-dentato, amphigastriis conformibus profundius fissis marginibusque basi denticulatis,
involucro ovato foliolis ramentisque vestito. (Tas. CII. Fig. 2.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Pallide fusca. Rami tripollicares, simplices vel rarius ramosi. Ramuli flexuosi, flagelliformes, attenuati, parum
ramosi. Folia cauli appressa. Amphigastria basi denticulis calcariformibus decurvis aucta. Involuerum e foliis
amphigastriisque supremis calyptro coadunatis compositum. Capsula orbicularis, brevipedicellata.

Closely allied to S. ochroleuca in habit and appearance, but differing in the ovate bases of its leaves, which are
cleft only to the middle, and are dentate on the dorsal margin; the laciniæ too are less spreading. The involucrum
in this species is formed, as in Gottschea, by the adhesion of the upper leaves to the calyptra.—PrATE CII. Fig. 2:
—1, a male and female plant, natural size ; aa 9 stipule; 4, an involucrum entire ; 5, a section of the in-
volucrum, showing the capsule within, and the barren pistils on the top of the calyptra :—all magnified.

5. Sendtnera flagellifera, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 242. Jungermannia flagellifera, Hook.
Muse. Exot. €. 59. =

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Fagus forests, Colenso. Port Preserva-
tion, Lyall. Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham, ete. Hokianga, Jolliffe.

Gen. XVI, TRICHOCOLEA, Dumort.

1. Trichocolea tomentella, Nees. var. y. Javanica; caule laxo irregulariter bi-tripinnato, ramis termina-
libus divaricatis.—G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 237. T. mollissima, Mor. Antarct. p. 161.

Has. Throughout the Islands; abundant in damp woods.

This is found in Lord Auckland’s Group, and as far south as Campbell’s Island.

2. Trichicolea Zanata, Nees. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 238. Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 186.

VOL. II. 2 R

154 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

Has. Throughout the Islands, abundant, Menzies, etc.

No collector seems to have met with the fruit of this species since Menzies.

Gen. XVII. RADULA, Nees.

1. Radula duceinifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo prostrato ramoso, ramis patentibus, foliis
subimbricatis patentibus integerrimis lobo superiore obovato-rotundato convexiusculo inferiore minuto tra-
pezoideo adpresso, perianthio demum axillari ex angusta basi obconico subcompresso truncato.—Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1844, p. 580. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 261.

Has. Northern Island: Tararua mountains, and Fugus forests, Manawatu, etc., Colenso. Amongst
Mosses and Lichens, near Wellington, Stephenson. Port Nicholson, Zyall.

Luteo-viridis, fuscescens. Caulis pollicaris, pinnatim ramosus. Folia laxe imbricata, apice rotundata, lobulo
subquadrato, apice cauli incurvo. Perianthium longissimum, subeylindricum, superne compressum, ore ampliato in-
tegerrimo.

Very closely resembling R. Nov@-Hollandie, Hampe, but differing in its obtuse leaves, which are more minutely
areolate, and in the sinuate upper margin of the lobule, whence its apex is curved round towards the stem. It is a
much smaller species than R. complanata. A specimen of R. Nove-Hollandie, communicated by Dr. Lehmann,
consists partly of the species described under that name, with acute leaves, and partly of R. buccinifera, to which

last probably belong all the obtuse obovate-leaved specimens attributed in the description to R. Nove-Hollandie.

2. Radula physoloba, Mont., in Voy. au Póle Sud, Bot. Crypt. t. 11. f. 4. Flor. Antarct. p. 162.
Has. Northern Islands: forests at Manawatu river, Colenso.

3. Radula uvifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 392. Flor. Antarct. p. 162.
G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 258 et 729. R. multicarinata, Ldbg. l. c. p. 258?

Has. Northern Island: near Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten). Ruahine mountains, Waira-
rapa Valley, Cook's Straits, ete., Colenso.

Also a native of Lord Auckland's Group. The description of R. multicarinata, Ldbg., applies so well to this
species, that there seems but little doubt of its identity. It is a remarkably neat plant, and it agrees in its nume-
rous slender male spikes with R. formosa, Nees.

4. Radula plicata, Mitten; caule gracili procumbente pinnatim ramoso, foliis obovato-rotundis
lobulo oblongo quadruplo minore angulo acuto, perianthio elongato lineari applanato subseptemplicato.
Has. Northern Island: creeping over a fern with &. buccinata, Auckland, Sinclair.

Caulis pollicaris, gracilis. Folia imbricata, rotundata, lobulo oblongo parum ventricoso, angulo recto. Peri-
anthium angustum, a basi ad apicem dorso bi- ventre tri-carinatum, ore truncato, labiis integerrimis.

So closely allied to R. duccinata in size and general appearance, as to be easily passed over for that species; but
an examination of its perianths at once shows it to be allied to R. multicarinata alone, which is however a much
larger plant, with differently shaped leaves and a more numerously and finely plicate perianth.

5. Radula complanata, Dumort. @. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 257. Flor. Antarct. p. 161.
Has. Northern Island: trunks of Alectryon at Raukawa, Colenso. (A native of England.)
A native of Europe, and also found in Campbell’s Island. A small state, without fruit, and bearing gemme

on the edge of its leaves, as in common British forms.

6. Radula marginata, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo procumbente complanato vage ramoso, foliis
distichis subimbricatis patentibus lobo superiori oblongo-rotundato integerrimo marginato inferiori ovato-

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 155

lanceolato obtuso, perianthio terminali elongato cylindraceo compresso bilabiato labiis subtruncatis integer-
rimis.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 566. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 261.
Has. Northern Island : Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Sordide luteo-viridis. Caulis pollicaris, ramosus. Folia laxe imbricata, e cellulis minutissimis rotundatis re-
motis areolata, margine incrassato subcorneo fusca. Lobulus oblique ovatus, fere erectus, cauli appressus. Perian-
tium compressum, inferne angustatum, utroque latere marginatum.

Easily distinguished from all its congeners by the thickened margin of its leaves, which is most evident in
the dry state. Dr. Taylor states the stems to be three inches long ; in our specimens they are about one inch long,
and agree nearly in size and habit with R. complanata.

Gen. XVIII. MADOTHECA, Dumort.

l. Madotheca Stangeri, Ldbg. et G. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 280 et 735. M. elegantula, Mont.
Voy. au Pöle Sud, t. 18.7.8. Flor. Antarct. p. 168. M. partita, Tayl. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 919.
Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, Menzies, etc.

Found as far south as Lord Auckland’s Group. The differences in appearance of the varieties of this species
are great, but when a sufficient number of specimens are examined, they will be found gradually passing into each
other. The largest state has branches nearly a foot in length, and with the central parts of its stipules bossed out-
wards, forming an umbo, which is completely lost in the common states.

Gen. XIX. LEJEUNIA, Gottsche et Lindenberg.

1. Lejeunia Stephensoniana, Mitten; caule dichotome ramoso, foliis imbricatis oblongo-ovatis acutis
integerrimis margine ventrali incurvis et basi in lobulum parvum dentatum abeunte, amphigastriis obovatis
subtruncatis denticulatis. (Tas. CII. Fig. 8.)

Haz. Northern Island: a fragment picked from Mosses gathered in ravines near Wellington by Mr.
W. Stephenson (Hb. Mitten).

Olivacea, sesquipollicaris. Folia vel explanata vel apicibus incurvis et involutis. Amphigastria crenato-denti-
culata, lateribus paullulo recurvis.

In size and appearance this closely resembles Z. scutellata ; in its denticulate stipules it is more nearly allied to
L. spotulistipa, Nees, and L. comosa, Ldbg., species from Java and Penang; but its more remote leaves give the
branches a different appearance. The genera Thysananthus, Phragmicoma, Omphalanthus, and at least the smaller
species of Plychanthus, are here considered Zejeunie, for the characters upon which they have been separated are those
which both in Zejeunia and Frullania are subject to wide variation: thus F. cylindrica is as much entitled to generic
distinction as Omphalanthus, for the smoothness or plication of the perianth in Frullania (which it seems impossible
to break up into smaller natural genera) has a corresponding series in Lejeunia understood as above; indeed there
appears nothing but the greater size of the plants to keep Bryopteris and the larger species of Ptychanthus from
falling into Lejeunia.—PrATE CII. Fig. 3:—1, a stem, natural size; 2, a portion of the same with leaves and sti-
pule : —both magnified.

2. Lejeunia scutellata, Mitten; caule ceespitoso adscendente dichotomo, surculis erectis, foliis imbricatis
subpatentibus convexis oblongis integerrimis apice recurvis basi sinuato-complicatis lobulis rotundis involu-
tis, amphigastriis subimbricatis rotundatis, perianthio axillari oblongo angulis integerrimis, foliis involucrali-
bus immersis subintegerrimis ovato-lanceolatis lobulis lanceolatis, amphigastriis floralibus elongato-obovatis
emarginato-bifidis—Thysananthus scutellatus, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p: 383.4 Guo:
et N. Syn. Hep. p. 139. (Tas. CIT. Fig. 4.)

156 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, 4. Cunningham, ete.
Olivacea, fusco-viridis. Caulis pollicaris, bipollicarisve. Folia imbricata, oblonga-ovata, acuta, apicibus decur-
Amphigastria orbiculari-obovata, integerrima. “ Involu-

vis, lobulo parvo integerrimo e cellulis laxiusculis areolata.
idiam perianthii altitudi-

crum pallidum, inter perianthii basin et primum par foliorum caulinum omnino latens, dim
nem non attinget; folia involucralia acuta, lobulis acuminatis."— Tayl.

Very closely resembling L. Stephensoniana and L. bicolor, Mont. [Phragmicoma bicolor, Nees], a common
South American species; it also resembles Z. anguiformis, but this last is a smaller plant, with more julaceous
branches. The fruit has not been observed on Dr. Sinclair’s specmens, which alone have been examined.—PLATE
CIL. Fig. 4:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule, magnified.

8. Lejeunia anguiformis, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule simplici vel subpinnatim ramoso, foliis oblongo-
ovatis integerrimis apice acuto obtusove totoque margine ventrali incurvo lobulo transverse elongato apice
rotundato integerrimo, amphigastriis suborbiculatis integerrimis, perianthio obovato compresso superne late-
ribus denticulatis dorso tri- ventre quadri-plicato, foliis involucralibus latioribus lobulis acutis, amphigastrio
obovato integerrimo.—Spisananthus anguiformis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 061. G.
L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 289. (Tas. CIL Fig. 5.)

Haz. Northern Island: trees, Tararua, etc., Colenso.

Fusco-viridis. Caulis 1-14-pollicaris, simplex vel interdum pinnatim ramosus. Folia patentia, imbricata,
lobulo angusto truncato a basi ad medium marginis ventralis protracto. Amphigastria latiora quam longa. Perian-
thium obovatum, apiculatum, marginibus denticulatis plicis variis, sepius superne dorso plicis tribus obtusiusculis,
ventre carinis parvis duabus intermedioque vel rotundato obtuso vel etiam leviter bicarinato.

Tntermediate in size between L. corticalis, L. et L. [Phragmicoma], and Z. bicolor, Mont. [Phragmicoma], both
South American species; it is, however, readily distinguished from its near allies by the form of its lobule, and the
—Puate CII. Fig. 5 :—1, stems, natural size; 9,2 portion of the same with leaves and

denticulation of its perianth.
4, a transverse section of the upper part

stipules; 3, a perianth, with involucral leaves, as seen on the ventral side ;
of the perianth :—all magnified.

4. Lejeunia plicatiscypha, Q. L. et N.; caule cxspitoso adscendente subramoso, foliis imbricatis paten-
tibus oblongis obtusiusculis apice recurvis, lobulis anguste ovatis acutis involutis, amphigastriis rotundatis
integerrimis, perianthio terminali immerso obcordato tetragono angulis alatis dentatis tubo minuto coro-
nato.— G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 148. Phragmicoma plicatiscypha, Hook. fil. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot.
1846, p. 3806.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair.

There are no specimens of this plant in Herb. Hook.

5. Lejeunia mollis, Mitten; caule subdisperso repente vage subpinnato, foliis imbricatis patentibus
rotundato-ovatis obtusis integerrimis basi sinuato-plicatis, lobulo subquadrato basi involuto apice adpresso,
amphigastriis minoribus rotundatis integerrimis, perianthio laterali obovato sursum 8-10-plicato tubifero.—
Ptychanthus mollis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 884. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 139.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, amongst Lichens, d: d. H.

No specimens of this species are in Herb. Hook.

6. Lejeunia ophiocephala, Mitten ; caule subcæspitoso procumbente compresso parce ramoso per inter-
valla coarctato, foliis convexis arcte imbricatis patentibus oblongis integerrimis apice rotundatis recurvis basi
sinuato-complicatis, lobulis majoribus ovatis involutis extus unidentatis, amphigastriis laxe imbricatis tenuis-

simis rotundis integerrimis apice recurvis, perigoniis terminalibus ovalibus.—Thysananthus ophiocephalus,

Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 384. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 139.

f
1
I

;
3

Hepatica. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 157

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, Sinclair.

No specimens of this are now in British Herbaria. The species, from the descriptions, seem to be very nearly
allied to L. anguiformis ; L. moilis also, excepting as regards the large cells attributed to its leaves, corresponds very
well with that species.

7. Lejeunia olivacea, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo procumbente vage subpinnatim ramoso, foliis
imbricatis patentibus oblongo-ovatis apice rotundatis incurvis lobulo parvo ovato basi inflato integerrimo
apice acuto, amphigastriis orbiculari-obovatis, perianthio oblongo-obovato compresso dorso ventreque tri-
carinato, foliis involucralibus angustioribus acutis, amphigastrio ovato bidentato.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844,
4.568. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 334. (Tas. CII. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: near Wellington, Stephenson, Colenso.

Fusca. Caulis pollicaris, vage ramosus. Folie sicca rugulosa, apicibus incurvis marginibusque ssepe decolo-
ratis albidis, lobulo tumido. Perianthium dorso carinis obtusis ventre acutioribus preeditum.

Nearly allied to Z. scutellata in size, habit, and colour, but readily distinguished by its obtuse leaves, and by its
lobule being carried further along the ventral margin, and being unidentate. It more nearly resembles the European
L. Mackaii than any other species.—PrATE CIII. Fig. 1:—1, stems, natural size; 2, a portion with the leaves and
stipules; 3, a perianth, with involucral leaves and stipule, as seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse section of the
upper part of the perianth :—all magnified.

8. Lejeunia pulchella, Mitten; caule repente ceespituloso, foliis remotiusculis flexuosis ellipticis. ob-
tusis integerrimis lobulo parvo subquadrato bidentulo, amphigastriis nullis, perianthio laterali applanato
obconico retuso-emarginato marginibus integerrimis, folis involucralibus minoribus angustioribus. (TAB.
CHT. Fig. 2.),

Haz. Northern Island: creeping over Hymenophyllum, Manawatu river, Colenso.

Albida. Caulis linearis bilinearisve, pulvinatus. Folia tenera, incurva, recurva et varie modo flexuosa. Peri-
antiium superne obcordatum, compressum, integerrimum.

A most distinct little species, with something of the habit and look of the West Indian and Brazilian Z. pellu-
cida, Meisner. It appears to grow in small loose pulveruli.—PrarE CIII. Fig. 2:—1, plants, natural size, as seen
growing on the stipes of Hymenophyllum; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves; 3, a portion of the stem with a
perianth, as seen on the ventral side :—both magnified.

9. Lejeunia Zevigata, Mitten; caule repente et cum foliis arctissime applanato levissimo vage pinna-
tim ramoso, foliis suborbicularibus obtusissimis lobulo oblongo apice tridentato, amphigastriis nullis, peri-
anthio obconico turbinatove dorso depresso levi ventre bicarinato, foliis involucralibus angustioribus lobis
obtusis integerrimis.

Has. Northern Island: Auckland, closely creeping over the fronds of a Trichomanes, Sinclair. On
leaves, with Metzgeria furcata, Tehawera, Colenso.

Caulis fere pollicaris, linearis, vage ramosus, arctissime applanato-repens, leevigatus. Folia imbricata, subro-
tunda, lobulo oblongo obovatove quadruplo minore. Perianthium obtusum, dorso planum, ventre plieis parvis ap-
pressis bicarinatum.

Allied to Z. pulchella, and, like it, destitute of stipules, but perfectly distinct in the form of its leaves and pe-
rianth.

10. Lejeunia tumida, Mitten; caule repente ramoso, foliis ovatis apice rotundatis patentibus lobulo
subinflato apice inflexo, amphigastriis orbiculatis bifidis laciniis acutis, perianthio oblongo-obovato tumido
apice parum retuso inferne cylindrico levi superne obtusissime pentagono, foliis involucralibus lobulo lon-
giore obtuso, amphigastrio lanceolato bifido. (Tas. CIL. Fig. 3.)

VOL. II. 25

158 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: on trees, Auckland, Sinclair. Amongst Mosses, in ravines near Wellington,
Stephenson. Tehawera, ete., Colenso.

Pallide viridis. Caulis trilinearis, repens. Folie laxe imbricata, pellucide areolata. Amphigastria laciniis
paulo divergentibus. Perianthium inflatum, superne obtusum, fere leeve.

Nearly resembling L. thymifolia and L. serpyllifolia, but rather smaller, and with smaller cells. It is also
nearly allied to the Peruvian Z. cyathophora, Mitten, particularly in its smooth inflated perianths. This species has
been gathered in Campbell’s Island, and in Australia, by Mr. Bidwill, whose specimens, although apparently be-
longing to the same species, have more elongated and divergent leaves: it stains the paper in the same manner as L.
serpyllifolia.—PrATvm CIII. Fig. 3:—1, a plant, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, a
perianth, with involucral leaves and stipule, as seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse section of the upper part of
the perianth :—all magnified.

11. Lejeunia thymifolia, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 918.

Has. Northern Island: on live trees, Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Cape Turnagain, etc., Colenso.

Some of the specimens here referred to this species were named by Dr. Taylor Z. serpyllifolia, from which, how-
ever, they are decidedly distinct in the form of the perianth.

12. Lejeunia nudipes, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule repente dichotome ramoso, foliis obovatis basi atte-
nuatis apice rotundatis obtusissimis lobulo parvo angusto unidentato, amphigastriis ovatis bifidis laciniis
acutis, perianthio clavato superne pentagono retuso angulis cellulis majusculis prominentibus crenulatis,
foliis involucralibus conformibus lobulis ovatis amphigastrio obovato bifido segmentis ovatis.—.Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1844, p. 568. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 919. (Tas. CIII. Fig. 4.)

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, creeping on Mosses, J. D. H.

Pallide viridis. Caulis bilinearis. Folia remota, cellulis paullulo majoribus marginata, subcrenulata, e cellulis
subopacis areolata. Amphigastria parva, remota. Perianthium basi longiuscule attenuatum, substipitatum.

A curious little species, readily distinguished by its obovate leaves, and clavate perianths, which appear naked
at their bases, owing to the form of the involucral leaves, which the perianth itself does not much exceed in length.
The perianth is not alate, nor are the leaves acute, as described by Dr. Taylor.—Pıarz CIII. Fig. 4:—1, a plant,
natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth with involucral leaves and stipule, as
seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse section of the upper part of the perianth :—all magnified.

18. Lejeunia émplexicaulis, Hook. fil. et Tayl., For. Antarct. p. 165. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 376.
L. Mimosa ef L. albovirens, Hook. fil. et Tayl. l.c. p. 166. t. 60. f. 4. G. D. et. N. Syn. Hep. p. 911 et 387.

Has. Northern Island: amongst Mosses, Wellington, Stephenson. Manawatu River, Colenso.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s Group and Campbell’s Island. I do not recognize any character whereby to
distinguish the two species I have included under this. The Z. albovirens is a rather smaller state than the others,
but the arcolation has a peculiar grumous appearance, which renders the species more easily recognizable than
many others of these small plants. In the most perfect forms the apices of the leaves are incurved, and are either
acute or obtusely angled; but in the smaller states (like the Z. albovirens) this apiculus is wanting. The perianth
is compressed, with one carina on the dorsal side, and two on the ventral.

14. Lejeunia papillata, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis oblique ovatis obtusis dorso mar-
ginibusque papillis elongato-conicis asperrimis lobulo parvo rotundato inflato, amphigastriis parvis rotun-
datis bifidis, laciniis extus uni-bi-denticulatis, perianthio oblongo apice retuso basi attenuato superne sub-
compresso pentagono angulis papillosis, foliis involucralibus minoribus lobulo ovato, amphigastrio obovato
breviter marginato. (Tas. CIII. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: on Hypnum hispidum, in ravines near Wellington, Stephenson ; on Tricho-
manes elongatum, Sinclair; on fronds of Hymenophyllum with Saccogyna australis, Colenso.

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 159

Pallide viridis. Caulis bilinearis. Folia remotiuscula, deflexa, margine dorsali convexo, ventrali subrecto, apicem
versus angustato inflexo. Amphigastria levia. Perianthium medio subconstrictum, parcius papillosum, angulis
superne acutioribus.

A curious little plant, about the size of L. serpyllifolia, but in the form of its papillose leaves more nearly allied to
the South American L. denticulata. There are, however, several apparently undescribed species, to which the present
is closely allied.—Prarz CIII. Fig. 5 :—1, plants, natural size, on a portion of the frond of Trichomanes elongatum ;
2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3,a perianth with involucral leaves and stipule; 4, a transverse
section of the perianth in its upper part :—all magnified.

15. Lejeunia Zatitans, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 54. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 345.
Haz. Northern Island: moist banks in the interior, Colenso.

A minute species, also found in Lord Auckland's Island: it resembles L. hamatifolia, but the margins of its
leaves are entire. The involucral leaves and obovate stipule are united at, and for a short distance above, their bases,
a circumstance which occurs in some other allied species, as in the European L. calcarea.

16. n dentata, Mitten ; foliis ambitu subrotundis apice inzequaliter bidentatis sinu obtuso mar-
gine dorsali tridentatis ventrali integerrimis, lobulo majusculo ovato oblongo obtusiusculo integerrimo, am-
phigastriis nullis.

Has. Adhering to a Moss from New Zealand (Mr. Sowerby in Herb. Mitten).

The fragment from which this very distinct species has been described is but two or three lines long, and
the plant appears to be rather smaller than Z. tumida ; it is readily distinguished from all other New Zealand species
by the broad teeth of its leaves.

17. Lejeunia comitans, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule implexo procumbente vage subramoso, surculis sur-
sum incrassatis, foliis imbricatis tumidis patentibus oblongis acutiusculis apice recurvis integerrimis, lobulis
ovatis inflexis subunidentatis, amphigastriis minutis incontiguis rotundatis bifidis, perianthio axillari sub-
exserto obcordato triquetro.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 400. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 160.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, with Z. mollis among Lichens, J. D. H.

Pallide olivacea. Caules vix bilineares. Folia minute areolata, arcte imbricata. Perianthium dorso compla-
natum, ventre late unicarinatum.
This species is not now in British Herbaria.

Gen. XX. FRULLANIA, Raddi.

1. Frullania patula, Mitten ; caule pinnatim ramoso, foliis laxe imbricatis orbiculatis integerrimis erecto-
patulis margine ventrali basi late inflexo in auricula galeata subcompressa decurva transeunte, amphigastriis
magnis cordato-orbiculatis brevissime bifidis, perianthio obovato apiculato levissimo, foliis involucralibus
elongatis ovatis obtusis basi ventricosis perianthium arcte amplectentibus. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 1.)

Has. Northern Island: dead bark, Tarawera, Colenso. Fences, Manawatu River, etc.

Olivaceus, fuscescens. Caulis pollicaris, pinnatim ramosus. Folia remotiuscula, dorso cauli adpressa, pla-
niuscula, auricula parva galeata decurva. Amphigastria folia subeequantia. Folia involucralia basi maxime ventri-
cosa, dimidium perianthii arcte obtegens. Amphigastrium involucrale oblongum, parvum, apice lacerum. Perian-
thium pro planta parvum, ubique leevissimum.

A species with considerable resemblance to the South American F. arietina, Taylor, but with less closely im-
bricated leaves, which too are patent, so that one-third of the leaf remains on the opposite side of the stem when
viewed from beneath. The curious perianth of this species at first sight appears to be concrete with the in-

160 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

volucral leaves, and looks far more like a naked calyptra, than a perianth, such as is usually met with in this large
genus.—PLATE CIV. Fig. 1:—1, stems, natural size; 2, a portion of the same with leaves and stipule :—mag-
nified. ‘

2. Frullania sguarrosula, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule procumbente bipinnatim ramoso, foliis ovatis apice
rotundatis patenti-recurvis squarrosulis auriculis galeseformibus cucullatisve compressis, amphigastriis rotun-
dato-ovatis bifidis, perianthio oblongo-ovato obtuso dorso convexiusculo ventre unicarinato, folis involu-
cralibus lobulo ovato acuto margine ventrali unidentato, amphigastrio elongato obovato bifido utrinque extus
unidentato.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 88. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 419. (Tas. CIII. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on Lichens and rocks, J. D. H. Port Nicholson and Titio-
kura, etc., Colenso. Amongst Lichens, Wellington, Stephenson.

Sordide viridis, olivacea, et subnigra. Caulis pollicaris, bipinnatus. Folia marginibus dorsalibus ssepe decola-
ratis albidis patulo-recurvis, ventralibus medio sinuatis et cum auriculis compressis cauli adpressis. Amphigastria
sinu parvo bifida. Perianthium leve, dorso convexo, apice supremo tantum leevissimo bicarinato.

This species has a very close resemblance to F. squarrosa, so that without the perianths the plants might be
confounded. The form of the leaves and lobule is as in F. pycnantha, and their true form is only to be seen by
pressing them out, for the lower portion of the leaf with the lobule is curved round on the ventral side of the stem,
so that the lobule is forced round with it.—PrATE CIII. Fig. 6 :—1, stems, natural size; 2, a portion of the same
with leaves and stipules; 3, a perianth and involucral leaves as seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse section of
the perianth about the middle; 5, the same just below its apex :—all magnified,

3. Frullania pycnantha, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule procumbente ramis brevibus pinnatim ramoso,
foliis patenti-recurvis late ovatis apice rotundatis lobulo parvo galeseformi compresso, amphigastriis sub-
orbiculatis bifidis medio carinatis marginibus subrecurvis, perianthio oblongo obovato dorso convexo ventre
unicarinato toto superficie lacinulis minutis obsito, foliis involucralibus conformibus lobulo ovato-lanceolato
parce lacinulato deutato basi cum amphigastrio oblongo profunde bifido laciniis divergentibus lanceolatis
extus repandis dentatisque coalitis.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 566. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 411.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. East Coast, Cook's Straits, and in-
terior, Colenso. Amongst Madotheca Stangeri, Thomson’s Sound, Lyall. Upon Lichens, Wellington,
Stephenson.

Olivaceus, rufescens. Caulis 1-13-pollicaris, gracilis. Folia imbricata, apice patenti-recurva, squarrosula,
margine ventrali sinuato lobuloque incurvo. Perianthium obtusum, apiculatum.

Very closely allied to F. golotis, Nees, F. ericoides, Nees, F. squarrosa, Nees, F. squarrosula, and probably also
to F. laciniosa, Gottsche, but apparently distinct in the form of its perianth. It is a much smaller plant than
F. squarrosa and F. squarrosula.

4. Frullania Hampeana, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 426.

Has. Northern Island : on the bark of trees, Titiokura, Manawatu River, Colenso.

The specimens referred to this species are rather small, but the plant is easily recognized by its deflexed acumi-
nated lobules, and dentate stipules.

5. Frullania falciloba, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 581. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.
p. 498.

Haz. Northern Island: bark of trees, Wairarapa valley, etc., Colenso.

6. Frullania spinifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso, folis laxe imbricatis
divergentibus ovato-ellipticis apice rotundatis, lobulis parvis galeatis apicibus subulatis decurvis nonnullis
evolutis lanceolatis, amphigastriis orbiculatis breviter bifidis, perianthio elongato subcylindrico levi, foliis

ne m HN m

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 161

involucralibus lanceolatis acutis, lobulo lanceolato-subulato extus unidentato, amphigastrio sinu lato ro-
tundo bifido laciniis lanceolatis. —Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 401. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. l.c. (Tas. CIV.
Fig. 2.)

Haz. Northern Island : Auckland, Sinclair. Bark of trees, Tehawera forest, Colenso.

Fusco-viridis. Caulis 1-13-pollicaris. Folia subremota, lobulo parvo uncinato subcompresso vel explanato erecto.
Perianthium tumidum, trigono-cylindricum, apice subretuso mucronato.

A very distinct species, readily recognized by its small hooked lobules and inflated subeylindrical perianths. In
size it comes near to F. cyparoides (Schw.).—PLarz CIV. Fig. 2:—1, a stem, natural size ; 9, a portion of the same
with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth with involucral leaves and stipule as seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse
section of the perianth :—all magnified.

7. Frullania deplanata, Mitten; caule repente pinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovatis obtusis apice
incurvis lobulo magno galezeformi compresso decurvo, amphigastriis suborbiculatis breviter bifidis, perianthio
elongato obcordato deplanato levi, foliis involucralibus ovatis acutis integerrimis repando-dentatisve lobulo
lanceolato extus dentato, amphigastrio elongato apice laciniato dentato. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 3.)

Has. Northern Island: on Lichens near Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten). Bark of trees,
Hast Coast and interior, abundant, Colenso.

Fusco-rubra. Caulis pollicaris, repens. Folia divergentia, lobulis apicibus decurvis. Amphigastria apice pa-
tula, brevissime bidentata. Perianthium superne deplanatum, retusum, mucronatum.

This somewhat resembles a small state of F. falciloba, in the form of its leaves and decurved lobules, but in its
perianth is different from that of every other species, corresponding with certain species of Lejeunia. The plants are
closely creeping, and in some states the perianth has its apex bent downwards.—PrATE CIV. Fig. 3:—1, a stem,
natural size; 9, a portion of the same, with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth, with involucral leaves and stipule, as
seen on the ventral side; 4, a transverse section of the perianth :—all magnified.

8. Frullania reptans, Mitten; caule repente pinnatim ramoso, foliis obovatis divergentibus lobulis
magnis galeatis subcompressis, amphigastriis parvis cuneatis quadridentatis, perianthio oblongo-ovato sub-
obtuso mucronato dorso planiusculo ventreque convexo anguste quadricarinato marginibus carinisque su-
perne subrepando-dentatis, foliis involucralibus ovatis rotundatis lobulo lanceolato extus unidentato, am-
phigastrio bifido extus utrinque unidentato. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 4.)

Has. Northern Island: bark of Edwardsia, East Coast, Colenso.

Sordide olivacea vel subnigra. Caulis exilis, semipollicaris, repens, pinnatim vage ramosus, vel ceespitosus.
Folia laxe imbricata, lobulo dimidium folii sequante. Amphigastria cuneata vel obovata, bifida. Perianthium ob-
longo-ovatum, basi attenuatum, dorso carinis mediis altioribus marginibus repandis fere levibus.

A smaller species than F. fugaz, with lobules like F. dilatata. The perianths, which are very different from
those of its near allies, have here and there along their margins and carine a cell more prominent than the rest.—
PLaTE CIV. Fig. 4 :—1, stems, natural size; 2, a portion of the same with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth, invo-
lucral leaves, and stipule; 4, a transverse section, from a little above the middle of the perianth :—all magnified.

9. Frullania fugaz, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule repente vage subpinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis ro-
tundatis lobulis magnis rotundo-ovalibus ore paullo dilatatis superne incumbentibus, amphigastriis parvis
subrotundis bifidis laciniis integerrimis vel repando-unidentatis, perianthio obovato apiculato dorso planius-
culo obtuso bicarinato ventre latissime carinato, foliis involucralibus elongatis obtusis lobulo lanceolato,
amphigastrio lanceolato bifido laciniis acutis integerrimis vel repando-dentatis.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845,
p. 87.° G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 445. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 5.)

Has. Northern Island: on Parmelia reticulata (Tayl), Bay of Islands, J. D. H. East Coast, ete.,
Colenso. Near Wellington, on Parmelia, Stephenson.

VOL. II. 73

162 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Fusco-rubra. Caulis parvus, gracilis, semipollicaris. Folia divergentia, lobulis magnis, dimidium folii sequanti-
bus, incumbentibus. Amphigastria rotundata vel obovata.

A small species, with the habit of the European F. dilatata ; it is, however, much less, and is easily known from
most others by the top of the lobule approaching the stem.—PrATE CIV. Fig. 5:—1, a stem, natural size; 2, a
portion of the same with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth with involucral leaves and stipule; 4, a transverse section
of the perianth at about the middle.

10. Frullania incumbens, Mitten; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis patentibus oblique obovatis apice
cucullato-ineurvis lobulo oblongo incumbente cauli adpresso ore dilatato, amphigastriis late obovatis bifidis,
perianthio oblongo-obovato dorso plano ventre carinato, foliis involucralibus lobulo ovato-lanceolato uniden-
tato, amphigastrio ovato bifido laciniis ovatis acutis. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 6.)

Has. Northern Island: bark of Edwardsia, Wairarapa valley ; East Coast and interior, Colenso.

Olivaceo-viridis, fuscescens. Caulis semipollicaris. Folia imbricata, apice margineque ventrali supremo inflexo,
lobulo magno incumbente superne cauli adpresso. Perianthium leve.

In size and habit this species resembles F. dilatata, for its branches, although short, are rather stout. The in-
cumbent lobules have their upper parts closely applied to the ventral surface of the stem, and touch each other ;
so that when the stems are seen from below, they have an appearance very different from all allied species, ex-
cepting F. fugaz, but from which, however, this is easily distinguished by the inflexed apices and upper portion of
the ventral margins of its patent leaves, by the much more incumbent lobule, and by the triquetrous form of its
perianth —Puats CIV. Fig. 6: 1, a stem, natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, a pe-
rianth with involucral leaves and stipule; 4, a transverse section of the perianth taken from just above the middle :
—all magnified.

11. Frullania pentapleura, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; caule repente vage ramoso, foltis divergentibus rotun-
datis lobulo magno galeato paulo decurvo, amphigastriis parvis suborbiculatis bifidis marginibus integerrimis
vel repando-unidentatis, perianthio oblongo-ovato vel obcordato mucronato compresso dorso ventreque bica-
rinato marginibus carinisque undulatis repandis, foliis involucralibus ovatis lobuloque ovato unidentato
obtusiusculis.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 402. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 115. (Tab. CIV. Fig. 7.)

Has. Northern Island: woods, Tarawera, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair.

Fusco-rubra vel subnigra. Caulis bi-tri-linearis, vage ramosus. Folia imbricata, apicibus parum incurvis, e
cellulis majusculis pellueidis areolata. Amphigastria parva, caule latiora. Perianthium carinis angustis undulato-
repandis. Spice mascule lineares.

This minute species has all the habit and appearance of F. fugaz and of F. Eboracensis, Gottsche, of North
America, but it is distinguished from all its allies by its six-sided perianths ; its leaves have more pellucid and rather
larger cells than most of the New Zealand species which it nearly resembles.—PrATE CIV. Fig. 7:—1, a stem,
natural size; 2, a portion of the stem with leaves and stipule; 3, a perianth with involucral leaves and stipule; 4,
a transverse section of the perianth at the middle :—all magnified.

12. Frullania congesta, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Mor. Antarct. p. 164. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 451.

Haz. Northern Island: Titiokura forest, Tehawera, etc., Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair. Creeping
over Lichens near Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten).

18. Frullania aterrima, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ; perianthio obovato triquetro, foliis involucralibus longi-
oribus angustioribus acutis amphigastrioque profunde bifido laciniis acuminatis integerrimis.— For.
Antarct. p. 164. t. 66. f. 3.

Has. Northern Island: Beech-woods, etc., Wairarapa Valley, and Ruahine mountains, Colenso.

Nearly as this species resembles 7. congesta, it may be readily distinguished by the usually four-toothed stipules,
and by the presence of a cluster of enlarged cells at the base of the leaf near the ventral side.

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 163

14. Frullania hypoleuca, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 443.
Has. Northern Island: on Lichens, Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten).

15. Frullania ptychantha, Mont., Annal. des Sc. Nat. tom. 19. p. 258. Voy. au Póle Sud, 1. p. 225.
é. 19.5.3. Flor. Antaret. p. 163. F. myosota, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 393.
Haz. Northern Island: near Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten). Middle Island, LyaU.

Also found in Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands.

16. Frullania cornigera, Mitten; caule procumbente, ramis remotis pinnatim ramosis, foliis imbricatis
divergentibus rotundo-ovalibus apice rotundatis incurvis tenuissime hyalino-marginatis lobulis binis tubulo-
sis attenuatis apicibus decurvatis lobulo externo deflexo interno patulo, amphigastriis reniformi-rotundatis
integris integerrimisque apicibus subrecurvis. (Tas. CIV. Fig. 8.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Amongst Sendtnera attenuata, Port
Cooper, Lyall.

Fusco-olivacea, opaca. Caulis biuncialis, ramis brevibus remotis patentibus. Folia minutissime areolata,
opaca, amphigastriisque tenuissime hyalino-marginata. Lobuli tubulosi, apice decurvi, basi cauli contigui, intense
fusci.

A most remarkable species, so remote from all others that it may form a distinct genus if the perianth should
prove sufficiently different from that of Frudlania. The curious tubular lobules, the outer of which is very much
deflexed, whilst the inner is only patent, correspond to those usually found in the genus, excepting that they are
open at the summit, and not at the base; in this particular it recedes more from Frullania than in the lobules being
double, for the inner lobule may be supposed to be formed of that slender lacinia which is probably present in all
Frullanie, although hitherto only ascribed to those in which it is evident.—PrAmE CIV. Fig. 8 :—1, a stem, natural
size; 2, a portion of the same with leaves and stipule :—magnified.

Gen. XXI. FOSSOMBRONIA, Raddi.

1. Fossombronia pusilla, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 591. Flor. Antarct. p. 448.
Has. Northern Island: banks, wet palings, etc., East Coast, Ahuriri, Hawke's Bay, ete., Colenso.
(A native of England.)

Some of the specimens referred to this species do not exactly correspond in appearance with British examples,
but there seems to be no real difference in the form of their leaves or perianth. It has been found in the remote
island of Kerguelen’s Land, but hitherto in no other Antarctic island.

2. Fossombronia intestinalis, Taylor; caule simplici divergenti-furcatove, foliis adscendentibus plicato-
convolutis undulatis inciso-lobatis, lobis acutis, perianthio campanulato crenato.—Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846,
p.408. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 469 et 185.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H.?

Frondes 3-4 lineas longze, radicellis purpureis terre adfixee. Capsula spheerica, irregulariter dehiscens; se-
mina muricata. Llateres longius quam in F. pusilla.

Readily distinguished from F. pusilla by its rather closely imbricated tumid leaves.

Gen. XXII. NOTEROCLADA, Tayi.

1. Notoroclada porphyrorhiza, Mitten.—N. confluens, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. A78. Flor.
Antarct. p. 446. t. 161. f. 7 in part. Androcryphia porphyrorhiza, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 470.
Jungermannia porphyrorhiza, Nees in Martius Flor. Brasil. 1. 1. p. 343.

164 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Hepatice.

Has. Northern Island: watercourses, Titiokura, Colenso.

There appears to be little difference between the specimens of this plant from various Antarctic regions (Fuegia,
the Falkland Islands, and Kerguelen’s Land) and those gathered in Brazil by Mr. Gardner, except that the leaves are
rather thinner in the latter; but they are so much altered by drying that none of them revive very perfectly by mace-

ration, however long continued.

Gen. XXIII. PETALOPHYLLUM, Gottsche.

1. Petalophyllum Preissii, Gottsche; lamellis frondis marginem versus liberis costam versus connatis
loculos formantibus, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 472.—Riccia laminifera, Tayl. MSS. in Drummond's Swan

River Mosses.
Has. Northern Island: Fern hills, Hawke’s Bay, Colenso.

The Riccia ? tuberosa, Tayl. (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 415), is possibly the male plant of this, or at least
of an allied species. The present is a West Australian species.

Gen. XXIV. ZOOPSIS, Hook. fil. et Tayl.

1. Zoopsis argentea, Hook. fil. et Tayl., Flor. Antarct. p. 107. 2. 66. f. 6. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.

p. 413 et 185.
Has. Northern Island: in various places, Colenso. Auckland, Lyall.

This minute and curious species would appear to be of very frequent occurrence in New Zealand, being com-
monly intermixed with other Hepatice ; and is found as far south as Lord Auckland’s Group. The figure quoted
above, although giving a good general representation of the plant, does not show its more perfect state. In the
latter the margins have not that prominent cluster of cells, but the outer cells stand out like the teeth of a saw, and
each of them has at its apex a small tubular ciliiform appendage, which, at its base, is curved, so that these cilia all
point towards the apex of the stem. This peculiarity of structure seems analogous to the cilia which fringe the
margins of the fronds of Metegeria furcata. It is to be regretted that the fructification of this remarkable plant is

in too immature a state to afford any decided characters.

Gen. XXV. PODOMITRIUM, Mitten.

Involucrum ventrale, brevissime pedicellatum, basi squamulis paucis cinctum. Perianthium tubu-
losum. Anther« in spicis parvis brevipedicellatis congestee.—Frondes oblonga, stipitate.

1. Podomitrium Phyllanthus, Mitten.—Steetzia Phyllanthus, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 478.
Diplolzna cladorhizans, Hook. fil. et Tuyl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 570. Jungermannia Phyllanthus,
Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 95. Flor. Antarct. p. 167. :

Haz. Common throughout the Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Colenso, Menzies, etc. On tree-
ferns, Southern Island, Zyall.

Found as far south as Auckland’s Island. This genus differs abundantly from Steedzia, to which alone it can
be justly compared, in the ventral origin of its perianth and its pedicellate male spikes. In Steetzia the perianth is
dorsal, and the anthers are also dorsal and imbedded on each side of the nerve. From Symphyogyna it further differs
in the presence of a true perianth. The latter arises from a very short footstalk, which, like that of Sarcomitrium, is
surrounded by minute irregular scales, forming a kind of involucre ; in texture and form the perianth closely resembles
that of Sieetzia Iyallü. The calyptra has a few barren pistils scattered over its upper surface, but is not echinulate.
Male spikes one line long, with numerous anthers imbedded in their substance ; they arise not from the central nerve-
like line, but towards the middle of the frond near to it, in the same manner that innovations have been observed to

Hepatic. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 165

spring from the ventral side of Steetzia pisicolor, Hook. fil. et Tayl., whose fronds possess a similar central line
throughout their length. Both the male spikes and perianth arise from the lower parts of the fronds, or the stipes, and
then seem to be lateral, as in the figure in ‘ Musci Exotici.’ The closest resemblance in habit and general appearance
exists between Podomitrium Phyllanthus, Steetzia Lyellii, and Symphyogyna subsimplex, Mitten, so that in the barren
state their areolation alone distinguishes them: this in P. Phyllanthus is more minute and opaque.

Gen. XXVI. STEETZIA, Lehm.)

l. Steetzia Zyellü, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 475 et 185.

Has. Northern Island: clay banks, East and South Coast, Colenso. (A native of England.)

This variable species is found in nearly all parts of the world. The New Zealand specimens do not differ from
those gathered in Britain, except that the perianth is rather longer.

2. Steetzia tenwinervis, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; fronde gracili prostrata lineari dichotoma nervo gracili percursa
margine dentata.— Diplolena tenuinervis, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 570. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 417.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

“ Fronds scarcely two inches long, pea-green, linear, but slightly broader at their tops, where they are bilobate with
a very shallow sinus. The substance is thin, the cells distinct, the nerve pale yellow, very slight and opaque, having
on each side a series of denser and greener cells than on the rest of the frond; the margin is furnished with distant
but large teeth. This is exceedingly like the British Jung. Hibernica, Hook., but its nerve is more slender, the den-
tation of the margin more pronounced, the substance of the frond thinner, and its cells are more clearly defined.”
Taylor, l. c.

A very doubtful species, which seems to present no other character but the more dentate margins of its fronds,
to distinguish it from 8. Zyellü.

3. Steetzia wiphoides, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; fronde procumbente dichotoma anguste lineari margine
serrata.—Diplolena xiphoides, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 507. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 476.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Wet wood, Manawatu river, often growing under
water, Colenso.

Viridis. Frondes bipollicares, + lin. late, parce dichotome ramos, margine serrato. Involucrum e foliolis sub-5
lanceolatis formatum.

Very distinct from all the described species of Steetzia and of Symphyogyna, and in size and general habit very
similar to the larger forms of Metegeria furcata. The involucra are too young to give a correct idea of their na-
ture when in fruit. The only plant with which the present can be correctly compared is the Steetzia linearis (Sw.),
Mitten, which, from Swartz’s specimens (Herb. Hook.), appears to be a smaller plant, with a more close areola-
tion and more strongly defined cartilaginous margin.

Gen. XXVII. SYMPHYOGYNA, Mont. et Nees.

1. Symphyogyna flabellata, M. et N. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 481. Jungermannia flabellata, Hook.
Muse. Exot. t. 13. Flor. Antarct. p. 161. Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. v. 9. p. 109. t. 954. f. 1.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Forests, Wairarapa, Tehawera, etc.,
Colenso. Port William, Southern Island, Lyall.

2. Symphyogyna Zeptopoda, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; rhizomate filiformi repente ramoso, frondibus flabelli-
formibus erectis trichotomis, laciniis linearibus integerrimis teneris. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 571. G.
L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 482.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Hokianga, Joliffe. Tararua and
Wairarapa, Colenso. On trees, Otago, Lyall.

VOL. II. 2u

166 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

Pallide viridis, tenera. Stipes pollicaris, tenuissime alatus, apice tripartitus et in frondem flabelliformem
dilatatus.

Very closely resembling 5. flabellata, but its fronds are of a very much thinner texture and have broader lacinize
in proportion to their size.

3. Symphyogyna Hymenophyllum, M. et N. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 480. Jungermannia Hymeno-
phyllum, Hook. Muse. Knot. t. 14.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Tehawera,
Ahuriri, Tarawera, etc., Colenso. Great Barrier Inlet, Sinclair. Port Cooper, Lyall.

4. Symphyogyna rhizobola, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 483. Jungermannia rhizobola, Hook.
Muse. Exot. t. 87. :

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Mohaka river, Cape Turnagain, Tewiti, Hawke’s
Bay, etc., Colenso. Auckland, Col. Bolton.

All the specimens referred to this species correspond with each other in their dark green colour, and in having
the apices of their fronds attenuated. The margin appears to vary considerably, both in the size of the teeth and in
the prominence of the less pellucid cells, which form the margin itself: these cells are in a single row, and are pre-
sent in all the allied species, although easily overlooked.

5. Symphyogyna subsimplex, Mitten ; fronde lineari simplici rarius furcatim ramosa inferne sensim in
stipitem attenuata margine integerrima.

Haz. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D.H. Auckland, Sinclair. Tree-ferns, East Coast,
Manawatu river, Colenso. Southern Island, Lyall.

Viridis. Frondes plane, sesquipollicares, 2 lin. late, apice rotundatze, retuse, integerrime, e cellulis hexagonis
areolate, tenere. Znvolucrum squameforme, dentato-lacerum, subbipartitum. Calyptra clavata, apice pistillis
abortivis coronata.

The fronds of this species are unaltered in drying ; they appear to grow together in patches, and arise from a
creeping rhizoma, as is the habit of the allied species, although the specimens show scarcely any trace of that part.
Readily recognized from all its congeners by its linear simple fronds, excepting S. Gottscheana, M. et N., from
Mauritius, which (from the description) would appear to be very near to the present, but to differ in the repand
fronds and the presence of innovations from the emargination at their apices.

Gen. XXVIII. METZGERIA, Raddi. -

1. Metzgeria furcata, Nees. GQ. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 502. Flor. Antarct. p. 161 et 445.

Var. major ; uncialis et ultra, subfastigiatim furcata.—Jungermannia furcata, 8 elongata, Hook. Brit.
Jung. t. 56. f. 9. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 502.

Var. minor; confertius divisa, laciniis aliis furcatis aliis simplicibus.—Jungermannia furcata, Hook.
Brit. Juug. t. 56 (excl. f. 9). G. Z. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 503.

Haz. Var. major, Northern and Middle Islands: East Coast, etc., in various localities, Colenso.
Port Cooper, Lyall. Var. minor, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Wairarapa Valley, Cape Turnagain, ete.,
Colenso. Wellington, Stephenson (Herb. Mitten). (A native of England.)

A cosmopolitan plant. None of the New Zealand specimens differ from British forms of this polymorphous
species, which seems to be common in all parts of the world. Besides the species common to Europe, the warmer
parts of the American continent produce several peculiar ones: of these M. procera is very near to M, furcata in size
and habit, but far more laxly areolate ; another is distinguished by its pinnated stems ; and a third is described with

Hepatica. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 167

its ventral side alone pubescent : all these species are very closely allied in structure, habit, and appearance, and rank
much more naturally as a genus of themselves, than as combined with Sarcomitrium.

Gen. XXIX. SARCOMITRIUM, Corda.

Frondes latinerva, sinuate, pinnatifides vel bipinnate. —Jmvoluerum laterale, breve, lacerum. Perian-
¿hum O. Calyptra carnosula, elongata, subcylindrica. Anthere lobulis frondis propriis a tergo immerse.
—Aneura, Dumort. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 498.

This genus contains all the 4neure, and part of the Metegeriz, of the * Synopsis Hepaticarum,’ where the fronds
have been described as nerveless, though consisting of very little beside nerve. In S. pingue, and the wider-lobed
species, there is but a single row of cells on each side of the nerve, to represent the leafy tissue of the plants. Aneura
being therefore inapplicable, Sarcomitrium has been adopted as the better generic name.

1. Sarcomitrium alternilobum, Mitten; fronde applanata vage ramosa, ramis alternatim obtuse lobatis
apice rotundatis crenatis, margine minute remoteque denticulato, calyptra setulosa.—Aneura alterniloba,
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 527. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 490.

Has. Northern Island : watercourses and wet banks, Bay of Islands, East Coast, and interior, Colenso,
J. D. H., Sinclair.

Nigro-viride. Frons bipollicaris, vage ramosa, tenuis, prostrata, apice rotundata crenulataque. Calyptra
setulis pallidis obtecta. Capsula lineari-oblonga; pedunculo unciali.

Distinct from 8. pingue (Linn.) in its more regularly alternately lobed fronds, which have their margins re-
motely denticulate, and which appear to be of a thinner texture.

2. Sarcomitrium palmatum, Mitten.—Jungermannia palmata, Hedw. Thor. Gen. ed. 1. t. 18. f. 98-95.

Aneura palmata, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 498.
Has. Northern Island: dense Beech forests on the East Coast, Colenso.

3. Sarcomitrium crassum, Mitten; fronde procumbente pinnatifida subopaca laciniis obtusis.—Junger-
mannia crassa, Schwegrichen, Prodr. p. 31. Aneura crassa, Nees. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 500.
Has. Northern Island: dense forests on the East Coast and interior, Colenso.

The specimens referred to this species are of a very rigid opaque texture, and of a brown or blackish-green
colour; the stems are branched in a pinnate manner, and when dry the plants are almost horny.

4. Sarcomitrium pinnatifidum, Mitten.—Aneura pinnatifida, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 495.
Has. Middle Island: south extreme, Zyall.

5. Barcomitrium multifidum, Mitten.—Jungermannia multifida, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 1602. Hook.
Brit. Jung. t. 45. Aneura multifida, Dumort., G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p.496. Fl. Antarct. p. 167 et 444.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: wet banks and watercourses, Bay of Islands, East Coast, and
interior, J. D. H. Port Cooper, Lyall, Colenso, ete. (A native of England.)

These specimens differ in no particulars from European. This species is cosmopolitan, and found as far south
as Campbell’s Island and Cape Horn.

6. Sarcomitrium prehensile, Mitten.—Metzgeria prehensilis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 445.
é. 160.7. 9. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 505.

Has. Northern Island: dead wood, Manawatu river, Colenso. Port Nicholson, Lyall.

Originally found at Cape Horn.—This species has a pruinose appearance when dry, which is also observable in
the following, but it does not arise from any kind of pubescence.

168 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

7. Sarcomitrium eriocaulum, Mitten.—Jungermannia eriocaula, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 12. Metzgeria
eriocaula, G. L. e£ N. Syn. Hep. p. 505.
Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Nicholson, Zyall.

Easily distinguished from the other species by its short pubescence.

Gen. XXX. PLAGIOCHASMA, Lem. et Ldbg.

1. Plagiochasma australe, Nees; fronde lineari-elongata apice retusa marginibus crenulato-rugulosis,
squamis ventralibus acutis apiculatis superioribus ultra marginem prominentibus, fructibus medio frondis
seriatis, pedunculo basi paleaceo, receptaculo 2—4-carpo subtus paleis barbato.—G. L. et N. Sym. Hep.
p. 514, Fegatella australis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 572.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Hokianga, Jolliffe. In water, Tehawera and Patea,
Colenso.

Frondes pollicares, lineares, innovationibus ventralibus ramosee, marginibus purpureis. Sguame latiuscule, pur-
pureæ; apicibus hyalinis. Pedunculus brevissimus elongatusve, nunc pollicaris, basi paleis lineari-lanceolatis cinctus.
Receptacula feminea subrotunda, rugulosa, loculis tumidis, paleis linearibus; mascula disciformia, papillata, prope
foeminea disposita.

Similar in habit and appearance to P. Aitonia, Lind. et Nees, from Madeira, and, like it, belonging to the sec-
tion of the genus with innovations from the ventral side of the fronds, and not from their apices.

Gen. XXXI. MARCHANTIA, Linn.

1. Marchantia tabularis, Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 525. M. polymorpha, Hook. fil. et Tayl.
Fl. Antarct. p. 168 et 446.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands: trunks of trees, Auckland, Waikehi, and Mount Egmont, Sin-
clair. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. East Coast and interior, Colenso. Near Wellington, Stephenson. Port
Cooper, and Southern Island, Zyall. :

This differs from M. polymorpha in the more convex fronds, which show no trace of the dark nerve so conspi-
cuous in that species. The cells are more minute, and, from the prominence of the pores, have a rough appearance.
Male receptacles on very short peduncles, never exceeding half an inch in height. Peduncle of the female receptacle
1-4 inches long. Rays of the receptacle shorter, and the involucra less deeply laciniate than in M. hemispherica.
M. Berteroana, Lehm. et Ldbg., from Juan Fernandez and Peru, comes very near to M. tabularis in habit, size, and
structure of its fronds, but its male receptacles are borne on peduncles which equal those of the female, and their
segments are more quadrate, and slightly emarginate; both these species are more robust than M. polymorpha. All
the specimens from various parts of the Antarctic regions, referred by Dr. Taylor to M. polymorpha, belong to M.
tabularis.

2. Marchantia nitida, Lehm. et Ldbg., in Lehm. Pug, pl. 4. p. 11. G. E. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 582.

Haz. Northern Island: Tuaraiawa river, etc., Colenso. East Cape, Sinclair.

These specimens appear to correspond in all respects with others from Nepal.

3. Marchantia foliacea, Mitten; receptaculo foemineo excentrico umbonato circiter 8-lobo, lobis dila-
tatis explanatis foliaceis, involucris pallidis lacero-ciliatis, pedunculo basi squamoso apice barbato, fronde
dichotome lobata viridi. .

Has. Northern Island: banks, base of Ruahine mountains, Cape Turnagain, ete., Colenso. Hokianga,
Jolliffe.

Frondes bi-tripollicares, subcoriaceze, planiuscule, superne leeviuscule, subnitidee, poris parvis pallidis, inferne

Hepatice.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 169

intense purpurese, margine integerrimo repande-undulato. Pedunculus pollicaris, ramentis squamisque purpureis ob-
tectus. Receptaculum femineum convexum, poris albido-limbatis punctatum; lobis latissimis, subcrenatis. Seyphi
infundibuliformes, marginibus ciliato-dentatis, gemmulas lentiformes includentes.

A larger species than M. nitida. Allied to M. disjuncta, Sullivant, from the United States, in the broad and
leafy lobes of its female receptacles, but the fronds of the latter are less coriaceous and opaque. In M. foliacea the
surface of the fronds is nearly as glossy as that of M. nitida.

4. Marchantia macropora, Mitten; receptaculo foemineo excentrico hemispheerico sub-5-lobo verru-
coso lobis bipartitis, involucris margine purpureis laceris, fronde lineari dichotoma, poris magnis purpureo-
limbatis.

Has. Northern Island: wet banks, Makororo river, Ahuriri, etc., Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair.

Frondes sordide virides, 1—2-pollicares, 2 lin. late, margine plano integerrimo, subtus atro-purpurez, medio
radicellis vestite. Syuame pauce, obtuse. Pori maximi, fusco-purpurei, remoti. Receptaculum femineum sub-

hemisphericum, verrucis tumidis apice porosis asperum. Involucra basi laciniis lanceolatis purpureis vestita. Pe-
dunculus semipollicaris, laciniis paucis lanceolatis paleaceus.

At once distinguished from its allies by its large purple or brownish pores, and the tumid warts of its female
receptacles, which have each a large purple-mouthed pore.

5. Marchantia pileata, Mitten; receptaculo fcemineo subexcentrico hemispheerico tuberculis brevibus
ruguloso margine crenato, involucris margine laceris, fronde dichotoma, laciniis linearibus planiusculis levi-
bus, poris minutis.

Has. Northern Island: wet banks, Makororo river, Colenso.

Frondes glauco-virides, tripollicares, 3 lin. late, integerrimee, subtus atro-purpuree. Pori minuti, albido-mar-
ginati. Pedunculus semipollicaris, leeviusculus, atropurpureus. Receptaculum fem. 2 lin. latum, subtus nudum.

A larger species than M. viridula, Lehm. et Ldbg., and with more linear fronds than M. nitida, to which they
approach more nearly in the appearance of their surface. Only one female receptacle has been seen, which has the
peduncle inserted either in, or very near its centre; it is hemispherical, and not so conical as that of M. Brasiliensis
or M. cartilaginea. The latter species, although stated in the ‘Synopsis Hepaticarum’ to be from St. Vincent's,
is marked ** Nepal" in Herb. Hooker, and is mixed with Bartramia Turneriana, Schw.

Gen. XXXII. DUMORTIERA, Reinw. Blume et Nees.

1. Dumortiera Zirsuéa, Reinwardt, Blume et Nees. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 343. Marchantia hir-
suta, Swartz, Prodr. Fl. Occ. p. 145. Fl. Ind. Occid. v. 8. p. 1897. Hygropyla dilatata, Hook. fil. et
Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 576. Flor. Antarct. p. 168. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 548.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. East Cape, Sinclair. Akaroa, Raoul.

In the absence of fructification, the New Zealand specimens cannot be distinguished from those from various
other parts of the world. The size is certainly very much greater, but this character cannot be depended upon in
these plants. Also a native of Lord Auckland’s Group.

Gen. XXXIII. FIMBRIARIA, Nees.

1. Fimbriaria Drummondit, Tayl. ; fronde lineari-elongata viridi v. purpureo tincta, receptaculo foemineo
conico obtuso cellulis tumentibus rugoso, perianthiis late ovatis sub-12-fidis laciniis apice coherentibus.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 419. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 566, 191.

Has. Northern Island: heights at Cape Kidnapper, Wairarapa Valley, etc., Colenso.

Frondes \-1% pollicares, dichotomee, sepius atropurpurez. Pedunculus fere bipollicaris, gracilis, atropurpureus,

VOL. II. 2x

170 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Hepatice.

basi nudus. Receptaculum fæm. breviter conicum, obtusum, cellulis vesieulosis rugosum, subtus nudum- vel filis
paucis angustis barbatum. Perianthium albidum, apice plus minus purpureo-tinctum, laciniis latiusculis plani-
usculis. Semina punctulata, lutea.

One of the largest of this very curious genus. Its fronds in size and appearance resemble those of Reboulia
hemispherica, Raddi, and are generally stained above of the deep purple that prevails on the under surface of its
congeners. The specimens seen by Dr. Taylor are not well developed, but have the fronds abbreviated, as is fre-
quently the case in allied species, otherwise they correspond with those from New Zealand. ‘There is but little re-
semblance between this species and F. Nepalensis, Tayl., which is a much smaller plant; it more nearly resembles
F. australis, but differs in its greater size, and in the more bladdery cells on the top of its female receptacles, which
have not the granulate appearance observable in that species; the perianths too are larger, and their laciniæ broader.
In most specimens there is no trace of those filaments on the under side of the receptacle which are so evident in
many other species, but in some a very few hair-like ones are present.

2. Fimbriaria australis, Hook. fil. et Tayl.; fronde lineari-dichotoma tenera apice bilobo, receptaculo
femineo conico-hemispherico tuberculato subquadrilobo subtus barbato, perianthiis ovatis 12-14-Adis
laciniis apice coheerentibus.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 573. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 561.

Has. Northern Island: banks of Mohaka river, Colenso. Auckland, Col. Bolton.

Frondes pollicares, dichotome, subtus purpurez et squamis parvis lanceolatis obtusis preeditee. Pedunculus
semipollicaris, inferne purpureus, superne viridis. Receptaculum foeminevm granuloso-tuberculatum, subtus pilis
longiusculis barbatum. Perianthia pallida.

Our specimens of this species, so named by Dr. Taylor, are not remarkably large, and are much smaller than
F. Drummondii, to which he compares them.

3. Fimbriaria zenera, Mitten; fronde oblonga obcordatave apice profunde bifida tenerrima venosa,
pedunculo glabro tenui, receptaculo foemineo convexiusculo tri-quadrilobo subtus nudo, perianthiis brevi-
conicis octofidis, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis apice discretis.

Has. Northern Island: clay banks, Pahawa and Patea, Colenso.

Frondes virides, semipollicares, 2 lin. latee, dichotome ramos&; rami fertiles cuneati. Pedunculus sesquipolli-
caris, gracillimus, pallide fuscus. Receptaculum foem. parvum, subrugosum, margine crenulatum. Perianthia parva,
laciniis pallide fuscis.

The three specimens of this small species differ considerably from each other in appearance, some being
mature, and others apparently less developed, with some of the perianths burst before the elongation of the peduncle ;
it is possible that this premature bursting of the capsules (which occurs in various genera) is caused by the dry-
ing of the specimens. One specimen without fruit is of a very different-looking state, of a lively green colour,
and much branched, but its structure appears to be the same. This species, although closely allied to S. venosa,
Lehm. et Ldbg., from Brazil, and the others of this section, is more slender than any, tlie peduncle being remarkably
so, and when dry flexuose. The deep purple colour so common in these plants is almost absent in this species, the
older specimens of which become pale brown.

Gen. XXXIV. TARGIONIA, Michel.

1. Targionia Aypophylla, Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 1604. T. Michelii, Corda. G. L. et N. Syn.
Hep. p. 514.
Has. Northern Island: not uncommon on moist banks, Sinclair, Colenso, etc.

Gen. XXXV. ANTHOCEROS, Michel.
l. Anthoceros /evis, Linn., Sp. Pl. v. 2. p. 1606. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 586. Dendroceros

"iiim mm

! vic

Hepatice. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 171

leptohymenius, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844. p. 575. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 580. Pellia
carnosa, Hook. fil. et Tayl. l. c. p. 576. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 490.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Auckland, Sinclair. Akaroa, Raoul.
Hast Coast and interior, Colenso. Port Cooper, Lyall.

It is probable that some of the specimens referred to may prove distinct. The fertile plants correspond with
European specimens, but there are some barren ones which are much elongated and branched, and are nearly
destitute of rootlets beneath; these have a different look, which may be due to local causes. The Dendroceros
leptohymenius, so fully described by Dr. Taylor, differs in appearance from the common prostrate forms of this plant.
No New Zealand specimens of Anthoceros punctatus, Linn., have been seen, those so named by Dr. Taylor be-
longing to 4. levis. The 4. punctatus, from Hermite Island, is apparently the Dendroceros Jamesoni (Tayl. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1848, p. 285), which, however, can hardly be compared with Dendroceros crispatus, Hook.

2. Anthoceros Jamesoni, Tayl.; fronde enervi plana dissecta leviuscula margine minute lobulata, lo-
bulis undulatis crenatis, involucro oblique truncato levi, capsula longiuscula valvis apice cohzerentibus.
Has. Northern Island: Auckland, Col. Bolton.

Also found at Cape Horn (barren), J. D. H.; and at Quito (with perfect fruit), Prof. Jameson.— This species
differs from all others excepting 4. giganteus, Lehm. et Ldbg., in the crenate lacinise of the margins of its fronds,
which, however, are much more minute than in that species, a character of degree only, and perhaps not constant.
The fronds of 4. giganteus do not always show the nerve very distinctly, particularly in the part above the involu-
crum. The transition of Anthoceros into Dendroceros would appear to commence with 4. Jamesoni, and there re-
mains only the adhesion of the valves of the capsule on one side to distinguish the genera; an unsatisfactory cha-
racter, for in D. crispatus the valves are sometimes as much separated as in 4. punctatus. So far as can be judged
from the figure, Monoclea Forsteri, Hook., differs scarcely at all in structure from Anthoceros Breutelit, Gottsche ;
and these two species may therefore prove congeneric, if the absence of the columella be considered a sufficient cha-
racter to distinguish them from Anthoceros, with which they are in every other respect almost identical.

3. Anthoceros giganteus, Lehm. et Ldbg., in Lehmann Pug. pt. 4. p.95. G. D. et N. Syn. Hep.

p. 588.
Has. Middle Island: Dusky Bay, Menzies. Port Cooper, Lyall.

4. Anthoceros Colensoi, Mitten; fronde late nervosa inordinate subpinnatifida margine lobulis fla-
bellatis crenulatis sinuatisque preedita, involucro ruguloso, capsula arcuata uno latere tantum dehiscente,
pedunculo incluso.

Has. Northern Island: summit of Ruahine mountains, Colenso. Auckland, Sinclair, Col. Bolton.

Fusco-niger. Frons 1-2-pollicaris, vage ramosa, dorso ventreque levi, margine irregulariter subpinnatim lobato,
lobulisque parvis pallide pellucidis sinubus rotundatis quasi perforatis onusta. Involuerum plicis parvis rugulosum,
apice subbilabiatum. Capsula pallide fusca, breviuscula.

A curious species, differing from 4. Javanicus, Nees, in the much less laxly areolate lobulate margin of its
fronds, It has also considerable resemblance to 4. glandulosus, Lehm. et Lind., another Javan species; but although
the habit appears to be very similar, the form of the lobules on the margin is totally different.

Gen. XXXVI. RICCIA, Micheli.

1. Riccia acwminata, Tayl.; fronde solida dichotome divisa substellata, laciniis canaliculatis margi-
nibus erectis apice sursum adpressis, fructibus medio frondis aggregatis tumidis.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846,
p.414. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 193.

Haz. Northern Island: fern hills, Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

eee

se

Se

en

172 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Fungi.

Frondes glauco-virides, carnosee, subtus concolores, apice marginibus sursum conniventibus anticeque adpressis.
Spore nigre.

The habit of this is that of the European R. glauca, Linn., but it is much larger and has more deeply channelled
fronds. The capsules are clustered and fill the cavity of the fronds. In describing the fronds as orbicular and an
inch in diameter, Dr. Taylor alludes to the whole plant; but it must not be compared with R. crystallina, Linn.,
which has a frond of very different structure. The acuminate appearance of the fronds is entirely owing to the ap-
pression of the margins at the apices of the lacinie.

2. Riccia natans, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 19. v. 2. p. 108. G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 606.

Has. Northern Island: Lake Roto-a-kiwa, Colenso. (A native of England.)

These specimens look different from the usual British states of the species, being much more thickly covered
beneath with much elongated almost black-purple fimbrie. The upper surface is pale yellow-green, bordered with
deep purple. In all other respects they correspond with European and American specimens.

3. Riccia fuitans, Linn., E. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 610.
Has. Northern Island: deep water, head of Wairarapa Valley, Colenso. (A native of England.)

Nat. On». CII. FUNGI.
By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

Though the list of Fungi here offered cannot be regarded as a perfect catalogue of all the species which exist
in New Zealand, it is evidently, looking at its component parts, a fair sample of what may be expected, and there-
fore an analysis of it cannot be regarded as altogether useless.

The species enumerated or indicated are 158*, which may be classed as follows :— \
48

British species : : : : o : : ; : : : .

European, all of which, with the exception of L. Fontanesii, may be expected to occur in
Great Britain . : : à ; ; : 6
Cosmopolites, taking Hypoxylon annulatum in the widest sense 3
Tropical and subtropical . 19
Ceylon . 1
Antarctic 3
Van Diemen’s Land 2
Sikkim Himalaya . 1
New species . : E : : : : : : 2 i : ACTES
158

'The new species are divisible into three groups, consisting of—
Subtropical forms . 28
Australian forms 5
European forms 42
15
We have, therefore, on the whole—

Tropical and subtropical forms, including that from Ceylon, the cosmopolites, and the
Australian : : : 3 : ; : 58
European forms, including that from Sikkim, and the Antarctic species : : = nuo

* A few species received since the above list was drawn up are not taken into account, and, to avoid confusion,
are marked with an asterisk, instead of being numbered consecutively with the others.

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. - 173

The predominance therefore is greatly in favour of the European type, as far as any notion ean be formed of what
that type is. The word ‘subtropical’ is extended to all countries where, at certain seasons, the general range of tem-
perature is high. The really tropical forms are few in comparison, and the Fungi are just what might be expected
in a tolerably uniform climate, where there is no such marked depression of temperature as to destroy the mycelium
of certain delicate species, and make their growth impossible. Such species as require a higher mean temperature
than 50° or 60°, will not of course appear. Two South Carolina species occur rather unexpectedly, one of which
travels as far south as Surinam; and it is possible that Diatrype glomeraria may be only a disguised form of the
Pennsylvanian JD. smilacicola.

Gen. I. AGARICUS, Z.

Lamelle membranacez, non deliquescentes, acie acuta, trama subfloccosa, cum hymenophoro infero
concrete.

The largest genus in the whole range of botany, containing more than a thousand species, notwithstanding the
separation of several natural groups. Many of the species afford acceptable articles of food, and in some countries
are extensively consumed. The common Mushroom, which is perhaps the best of all, occurs in almost every part of
the world, and is not wanting in New Zealand, where the closely-allied 4. arvensis also occurs. There can be little
doubt that the number of species in the New Zealand Flora is far greater than what I am able to record here: in-
deed, several specimens exist in the collections, which I have not been able to refer satisfactorily to their proper
place. Without notes or drawings, most of the fleshy Fungi are very difficult of investigation, and the results are
rather approximative than exact. (Name, according to Dioscorides, from Agaria, a town in Sarmatia.)

1. Agaricus phalloides, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 13.
Ha». In woods, Colenso.

2. Agaricus c/ypeolarius, Bull. £. 405.
Has. On the ground, Colenso.

3. Agaricus (Lepiota) exsfrucfus, Berk.; pileo campanulato tessellato-verrucoso, epidermide levi de-
hiscente apices verrucarum investiente, stipite subsequali sursum annulato, lamellis angustis remotissimis.

Has. On the ground, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Pileus campanulate, carnose, 1 inch or more high, nearly 2 inches across, regularly broken up into strong warts,
each of which is clothed at its apex with an angular portion of the smooth cuticle. Stem nearly equal, about 3
inches high, + of an inch thick, not penetrating the substance of the pileus; ring superior. Gills narrow, extremely
remote.—A very beautiful species, of which a single specimen only has been gathered.

4. Agaricus brevipes, Bull. ¢. 591. f. 2.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

5. Agaricus infundibuliformis, Scheeff. t. 212.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

6. Agaricus (Omphalia) Colensoi, Berk. ; pusillus, pileo tenui umbilicato glabro, margine involuto,
stipite gracili furfuraceo glabrescente, lamellis adnato-decurrentibus.

Has. On the ground, amongst sand and on scraps of wood, wet logs, etc., Ngaawapurua, Colenso.

White. Pileus 3 an inch or more across, smooth, minutely striate all over when dry, deeply umbilicate; mar-
gin involute. Stem 4-3 of an inch high, not a line thick, attenuated downwards, furfuraceous, at length smooth.
Gills moderately broad, adnato-decurrent.—The nearest ally of this species is probably 4. pyxidatus.

7. Agaricus umbelliferus, L.

Has. On the ground, Colenso ; Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

VOL. II. 2 Y

174 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Fungi.

Rather a slender form. This variable Fungus occurs in very different climates, and its varieties might easily
be separated into a host of plausible species.

8. Agaricus (Pleurotus) Nove-Zelandia, Berk.; hygrophanus, albus, pileo flabellato-reniformi vertice
affixo postice scarioso-scabro tenui tenero, stipite obsoleto, lamellis latis distantibus, interstitiis venosis.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso. :

About 24 inches broad, li inch long, flabellate, reniform, fixed by the elongated vertex, which forms a httle
round dise, smooth in front, minutely scarioso-scabrous behind, thin, of a subgelatinous consistence. Stem obsolete.
Gills broad, thin, distant ; interstices venose.—A. very curious species, somewhat allied to 4. versiformis, from Ceylon.

9. Agaricus (Pleurotus) cocciformis, Berk. ; minutus, pileo primum pezizeformi demum reflexo cervino
dense piloso, stipite nullo, lamellis angustis pallide alutaceis setulosis.

Has. On decorticated wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Pileus 1-2 lines broad, at first Pezizeeform, then reflected, thickly clothed with fawn-coloured hairs, somewhat
grooved. Stem none. Gills narrow, setulose, pale tan-coloured,

A very pretty and distinct little species, which may be compared with Montagne’s 4. phalligerus, but the an-
theridia are less strongly developed, and, unless I am mistaken, the spores are white.

* Agaricus strophosus, Fr.

Haz. On the ground in grassy spots, Wairarapa, Colenso. (A single specimen only.)

* Agaricus erebius, Fr.

Has. On the ground in grassy spots, Ahuriri, Colenso.

Another closely allied species, but in too bad a condition to determine, occurred in a garden in the same
locality.

10. Agaricus adiposus, Fr. Ep. p. 166.

Haz. On trees, forest near Cape Turnagain, Colenso.

Said to be eaten by the natives.

11. Agaricus sapineus, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 239.
Has. On dead Conifere, Colenso.

12. Agaricus campestris, L.
Has. On the ground, Colenso.

13. Agaricus arvensis, Scheeff. ¢. 310, 311.
Has. On the ground, Colenso.

14. Agaricus (Psalliota) campigenus, Berk.; minor, pileo campanulato subcarnoso squamuloso, stipite
gracili, annulo latiusculo superiore deorsum incrassato, lamellis angustis postice attenuatis subadnatis.

Has. On the ground, amongst grass, Colenso.

Pileus about 1 inch high, campanulate, very obtuse, silky, with a few scattered scales, assuming a reddish hue
when dry, rather fleshy, Stem 1$ inch high, about 2 lines thick, incrassated at the base, slightly furfuraceous, with
a broadish ring near the top. Gills rather narrow, attenuated behind, adnexed or slightly adnate. Spores pale red-
brown, obliquely obovate.

This has much the habit of a Lepiota, but the gills are adnexed and the spores pale, but decidedly coloured. It
has not, I believe, been ascertained whether the spores of Leucospori ever change their colour when dry. In such
species as A. cretaceus they are never dark. It is however certain that in 4. fumoso-purpureus, Lasch., they are
sometimes colourless, but possibly from being effete ; and I have lately received from Dr. Badham 4. cretaceus with
spores decidedly white, though the gills are as pink as in any dark-spored specimens.

Ab

Fungi. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 1

im.

5

15. Agaricus fascicularis, Hudson.
Haz. On the ground, Colenso.

16. Agaricus (Hypholoma) stuppeus, Berk. ; pileo carnoso convexo expanso squamis e pilis fasciculatis
stuppeis strigoso, stipite basi incrassato fibrilloso, lamellis umbrinis adnexis.
Haz. On the ground, Colenso. ;

Pileus 2 inches or more broad, fleshy, convex, expanded, clothed, especially towards the margin, with towy
fasciculato-fibrous scales. Stem 1% inch high, 4 of an inch or more thick, fibrillose, incrassated at the base, and
attached to the soil by abundant mycelium. Gills crowded, moderately broad, adnexed, umber.

Closely allied to 4. lacrymabundus and A. velutinus, but distinguished by the abundant fascicles of fibres with
which the pileus is clothed.

17. Agaricus appendiculatus, Bull. ¢. 392.
Has. On decayed stumps, Colenso.

Gen. II. COPRINUS, P.

Hymenophorum a stipite discretum. Lamelle membranacez, primum stipato-coherentes, dein dif-
fluentes.

Deliquescent Agarics, growing for the most part on dung, but sometimes on other decaying substances,
whether animal or vegetable. Found in all parts of the world: but the tropical species do not exceed in beauty
those of more temperate climates, and are often identical with them. (Name from korpos, dung.)

* Coprinus Colensoi, Berk.; pusillus, niveus, pileo e cylindrico subcampanulato furfuraceo, stipite
gracili tomentoso, sporis minoribus.

Haz. On dung, Colenso, no. 5298.

Subfasciculate. Pileus scarcely exceeding a line in height, cylindrical, obtuse, at length subcampanulate, white
furfuraceous. Stem slender, 4-3 inch high, tomentose. Gills linear. Spores oblong, 441,5 of an inch long.—
Differs from C. niveus in its small size, and much smaller spores: those in O. niveus, at least in American specimens,
are not less than 5,5 of an inch long.

Gen. III. MARASMIUS, Pr.
Hymenophorum a stipite cartilagineo l. corneo heterogeneum. Lamel/e nunc late, nunc pliceformes,

acie acuta, valleculis contiguis.

A large and very pretty group, separated by Fries from Agaricus, on account of the coriaceous substance of the
pileus, in consequence of which the species are easily preserved for the Herbarium. (Name from papawe, to wither.)

* Marasmius caperatus, Berk. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. Feb. 1851.

Has. On dead wood, Wairarapa, Colenso.

The specimens are unfortunately nearly destroyed by mites, but they seem to be the same with the Sikkim
species.

Gen. IV. LENTINUS, Fries.
Coriaceus,l. carnoso-lentus. Lamelle cum hymenophoro concrete, discrete (nec pliceeformes), tenues,
absque trama distincta; acie acuta, dentata, vel inciso-lacerata.

'The species of this natural group are distinguished from Agaricus by their lacerated gills and tough persistent
substance, in consequence of which they are easily preserved for the Herbarium ; and therefore, while the fleshy Agarics

176 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

of tropical countries are for the most part neglected, these are often carefully preserved, and the more especially as
many of them are extremely handsome.—They abound far more in warmer than less genial climates, and therefore
are few in number in Europe and analogous countries. The species with entire gills are now separated, under the
name of Scleroma. (Name from lentus, tough; in allusion to their tenacious substance.)

1. Lentinus Nove-Zelandia, Berk.; minor, subimbricatus, pileo flabelliformi tenui rufo-badio postice
velutino, lamellis angustis tenuibus pileo concoloribus.

Haz. On dead wood, Colenso.

Subimbricated. Pilews 1 inch or more long and broad, thin, flabelliform, suborbicular or reniform, bay-
brown, clothed behind with short velvety olive down. Stem obsolete. Gils of the same colour as the pileus,
narrow, decurrent behind; edge thin, lacerated.—Closely resembling Lentinus castoreus, of which I have an authentic
specimen, but differing in size and in the narrow gills.

Gen. V. SCLEROMA, Fries.
Characteres Lentini, excepta acie lamellarum integra.
The species generally grow on the bare soil, binding it and the little stones it contains into a solid mass by

their mycelium. They differ from Panus in the absence of a distinct trama. (Name from oxAnpwpa, hardness ;
in contradistinction to the softer substance of Agaricus.)

1. Scleroma pygmeum, Berk.; parvum, pileo umbilicato tenui glabro striatulo, stipite gracili pulveru-
lento radicante, lamellis subdistantibus longe decurrentibus interstitiis levibus.

Haz. On wet decayed logs (April), forest at Tehawera, Colenso.

Dirty white. Pileus about 1 inch across, umbilicate, slightly striate, smooth, very thin. Stem 1-2 inches
high, scarce a line thick, pulverulent, rooting, slightly rufous. Gills rather distant, decurrent; interstices even.
—Smaller than any known species of the genus.

Gen. VI. PANUS, ies.

Carnoso-coriaceus, tenax, arescens. Lamelle perfecte, tenaces, ineequales; acie acuta, integerrima ;
irama distincta, fibrosa, in hymenium radiante.

Distinguished from Lendinus, with which they agree in their persistent nature, by the tough, firmer, entire gills,
and fibrous trama. (Name from panus, a web; in allusion to the nature of the trama.)

l. Panus stypticus, Fr. Ep. p. 399.

Has. On dead wood, Ruamahanga River, Colenso.

The same species clearly as that which is so common in Europe, but with a deep vinous tinge in younger
specimens.

2. Panus maculatus, Berk. ; imbricatus, amplus, pileis reniformibus convexis carnosis primitus tomen-
iosis demum glabris rimoso-squamosis, stipitibus connatis subobsoletis, lamellis latis subdistantibus inte-
gerrimis.

Has. On dead trunks, Colenso.

Closely imbricated. Pilei reniform, convex, at first innato-tomentose, the cuticle cracking up into shortly reflexed
scales, at length quite smooth; margin slightly involute. Stems connate, scarcely visible, except in young pilei.
Gills rather distant, decurrent, broad, crisped when dry; margin quite entire. Spores white, oblong, with a lateral
hilum 4455 of an inch long.— This is a very distinct and beautiful species. The scales arise from the cracking of
the cuticle, in consequence of which a slight portion is reflected in front, while that behind is not at all disturbed.
The only species with which it can be compared is P. arcolatus, Berk., a Ceylon species of a much smaller size,
brightly coloured, and different in habit.

Fungi.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 177

Gen. VII. SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fries.

Aridus, excarnis. Lamelle coriacex, ramoso-flabelliformes, acie longitudinaliter fissee ; lamellulis dis-
cretis, extrorsum revolutis.

Fungi of a very distinct habit, known at once from the gills splitting along the trama, and the divided portions
become revolute. They abound in warm countries, but are comparatively scarce in temperate climates. In England
they rarely if ever occur, except on imported timber. (Name from oxi, to split, and $vAXov, a leaf.)

1. Schizophyllum commune, Fr. Ep. p. 408.

Has. On dead trees, extremely common, Colenso, Lyall, Sinclair, Hooker, Bidwill.

Gen. VIII. LENZITES, Fries.

Suberosus coriaceusve. Lamelle coriacex, firme, nunc simplices insequales, nunc ramosee posticeque
poroso-anastomosantes ; trama pileo similari, floccosa; acie acuta.

This genus differs from other Agaricini in its hard coriaceous substance, which resembles that of Dedalea.
The hymenium, however, presents the type of an Agaric, rather than of a Polyporus, as is very clear in well-developed
specimens. Agaricus ostreatus does not cease to be an Agaric, because of its gills running into pores behind.
(Named in honour of Dr. H. O. Lenz, the author of a useful work on esculent and poisonous Fungi.)

1. Lenzites repanda, Wr. Ep. p. 404.

Haz. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

A triquetrous form, with a very Dedaloid appearance, but evidently somewhat modified by having accidentally
been reversed during the process of growth, a circumstance which greatly affects many exotic Fungi.

Gen. IX. POLYPORUS, Fries.

Hymenophorum inter poros in tramam descendens, sed cum eisdem in stratum proprium seu discolor
mutatum. Port cum pilei substantia contigui, a se invicem haud separabiles, primitus obsoleti l. minu-
tissimi, dein rotundi, angulati 1. laceratione varii.

Àn enormous genus, of which a greater number of new species is daily turning up. Some are perfect cosmopo-
lites, others very widely distributed, but many extremely local. Fries, in his ‘Symbole,’ lately published, divides the
genus into two subgenera, Zwpolyporus and Fomes, the first of which contains the annual species, the second the
perennial. Many of the fleshy species are esculent, and some of the coriaceous forms when properly prepared yield
the substance called Amadou. (Name from zodvs, many, and rropos, a pore.)

The genus Boletus has at least one representative in New Zealand, but the specimens received are in so bad a
condition that I cannot determine the species.

1. Polyporus arcularius, Fr. Ep. p. 430.

Haz. On dead wood, as at Wairehama, Sinclair, Colenso.

2. Polyporus oblectans, Berk., in Hook. Lond. Journ. v. ^. p. 51.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

3. Polyporus (Pleuropus) phlebophorus, Berk.; parvus, candidus, pileo flabelliformi vertice in stipi-
tem brevem porrecto glaberrimo venoso-undulato, cuticula e gelatinosa cartilaginea, poris minimis subirregu-
laribus, dissepimentis tenuibus dentatis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 3.)

Has. On a decaying log in a forest near Tehawera, Colenso.

About one inch broad and long, of a beautiful white. Pileus flabelliform, attached by the vertex, which is

VOL. Ik 27

178 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Fungi.

elongated into a short stem, extremely smooth, marked with little waved furrows; cuticle cartilaginous and subtrans-
lucent when dry. Pores very minute, just visible to the naked eye, irregular; dissepiments very thin, denticulated,
sometimes tomentose.—A very distinct species, somewhat resembling P. liturarius, Berk. et Curt., gathered at the
Feejee Islands by the American Antarctic Expedition, but more nearly allied to the subarctic species P. obductus,
Berk.—Puate CV. Fig. 3, P. phlebophorus, Berk., natural size.

4. Polyporus (Pleuropus) zeropAyllus, Berk. ; pileo flabellato suborbiculari radiato-rugoso scabriusculo,
margine crenato, stipite brevi nigro ruguloso subtiliter velutino, hymenio pallido, poris parvis, acie obtu-
siuscula. (Tas. CV. Fig. 2.)

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

Pileus about one inch across, flabelliform, suborbicular, brown with a strong rufous tinge, marked with raised
radiating lines, and many smaller wrinkles, very minutely scabrous; margin thin, crenate. Stem 4 of an inch long,
black, rugose, most minutely velvety. Hymenium nearly white. Pores just visible to the naked eye; dissepiments
varying in thickness; edge generally rather obtuse.—A very neat little species, closely allied to P. varius, but more
particularly to P. grammocephalus, from which however it differs in the rugged, differently coloured pileus.—PrATE
CV. Fig. 2, P. werophyllus, Berk., natural size.

5. Polyporus Zueidus, Fr. Ep. p. 442.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

6. Polyporus sanguineus, Fr. Ep. p. 444.

Has. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

7. Polyporus (Merisma) Colensor, Berk. ; ramosissimus, frequenter C ees pileis parvis flabellifor-
mibus lineatis glabris, poris elongatis, dissepimentis tenuibus, acie acutissima.

Has. On trunks of trees in forests: Tehawera, Colenso.

Forming a mass more than a foot across; main stems slender, distinct, somewhat elongated, repeatedly dicho-
tomous. Pile extremely numerous, flabelliform, expanded, depressed above, brownish, smooth, or nearly so, with a
few raised lines. Pores pale, often very much elongated, decurrent; dissepiments thin; edge extremely acute,
often toothed, sublamelleeform.—This is a noble species, and evidently differing from every form of P. intybaceus
in its distinct dichotomous branches, and the constantly acute dissepiments. Some of the figures of Hydnum
coralloides give a better idea of the ramification of the species than any of those of P. frondosus.

* Polyporus adustus, Er. Hp. p. 456.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

8. Polyporus dichrous, Fr. Ep. p. 457.

Has. On dead wood, Tehawera, Colenso, J. D. H.

The specimens are more undulated than usual, but cannot be separated from the more ordinary form. P. nigro-
purpurascens, Schweinitz, scarcely differs.

9. Polyporus tabacinus, Mont. Fl. I. Fern. no. 15. Fl. Chilena, v. 7. p. 861.

Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Colenso.

10. Polyporus isidioides, Berk. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. v. 2. p. 415.
Has. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

This is a common Polyporus in the southern hemisphere, and perhaps may prove eventually a subspecies of

P. scruposus, Fr.

* Polyporus seruposus, Fr. Hp. p. 473.
Has. On dead wood, Colenso. A resupinate form.

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 179

* Polyporus (Placodermei) plebeius, Berk.; pallidus, imbricatus, pileo dimidiato pulvinato subtiliter
pubescente azono suberoso hymenio concavo, poris minutis punctiformibus, acie obtusa.

Var. a; margine acuto.

Var. 8; margine obtuso.

Haz. On dead wood. Var. a. Himalayas. Var. 8. New Zealand, Colenso.

Pale, imbricated, corky. Pileus 2 inches across, 1 inch long, dimidiate, pulvinate, zoneless, generally even,
very minutely pubescent, rigid; substance zoneless. Pores minute, iig of an inch across, punctiform ; edge obtuse.
—A miniature likeness of P. fraxineus. The pileus is generally even, but sometimes there is a strong groove, and
sometimes a few rugged elevations. In the New Zealand form, the older parts are more inclined to assume a spu-
riously laccate appearance. P. vulneratus, Lév., is closely allied, but thinner than either form, and blood-stained
behind.

ll. Polyporus australis, Fr. Ep. p. 464.

Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

* Polyporus salicinus, Fr.

Has. On dead wood, Dusky Bay, Menzies, with Hypoxylon annulatum, as also from the Sandwich
Islands.

12. Polyporus igniarius, Fr. Ep. p. 466.

Haz. On trunks of trees, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

It does not seem to be generally known that the spores in this species are white, as also in P. dryadeus,—a
certain distinction from P. fomentarius and some other species, in which they are of a dark ferruginous tint. The
New Zealand specimen is clothed here and there with a delicate minute tawny velvety coat, but without exhibiting
the characters of P. fulvus.

* Polyporus (Placodermei) Aemitephrus, Berk. ; pileo unguleformi concentrice sulcato e fusco-purpureo
cinerascente subtilissime tomentoso, contextu lignicolore, hymenio concavo albido, poris punctiformibus
stratosis.

Haz. On trunks of trees, Colenso.

Pileus ungulate, with two or three deep furrows, most minutely tomentose, purplish-brown, becoming in parts
cinereous; substance firm, corky, zoned, wood-coloured, tawny beneath the hardened cuticle. Hymenium concave,
white. Pores punctiform, slightly stratose.— Combining the characters of P. Somentarius and P. fraxineus, but
more nearly allied to the latter. I have seen only a portion of a specimen, and therefore do not give the dimensions,
which are apparently those of the former species.

13. Polyporus cinnabarinus, Er. Ep. p. 473.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso ; Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

14. Polyporus Zirsutus, Fr. Ep. p. 477.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso ; Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

There is a resupinate state, as well as the ordinary form.

15. Polyporus velutinus, Fr. Ep. p. 478.

Has. On dead wood of Podocarpus, Colenso.

The specimens are not in their normal state, but they approach nearer to P. velutinus than to any of the allied
species, of all of which I have an immense series, from Fries.

16. Polyporus versicolor, Fr. Ep. p. 478.

Has. On rotten logs in watercourses, as at Cape Kidnapper, Tehawera, etc., Colenso.

180 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

17. Polyporus (Inodermei) catervatus, Berk.; e resupinato liberatus, vertice demum elongato affixus,
confluens, supra sericeo-striatus, poris minoribus irregularibus, dissepimentis tenuibus, acie denticulata.
(Tas. CV. Fig. 1.)

Haz. On split stems of Podocarpus spicata, Mission Station, Colenso.

Forming dull white patches, consisting of very numerous, laterally confluent pilei, each of which is from 4-3
an inch broad, and attached by the elongated vertex; above sericeo-striate; margin often lobed. Hymenium of
the same colour as the pileus. Pores minute, irregular; dissepiments thin; edge acute, somewhat toothed.—Re-
sembling in habit P. concrescens, but allied to the true P. membranaceus, Swartz. It is a very singular species.—
Pate CV. Fig. 1. P. catervatus, Berk., natural size.

18. Polyporus (Resupinatus) difissus, Berk. ; carnosus, ruber, carne tandem divulsa, poris parvis, dis-
sepimentis tenuibus, acie membranacea denticulata.

Has. In the charred inside of a Fagus, Colenso.

Resupinate, effused, fleshy, of a bright red, at length tearing away from the matrix, and leaving part of the sub-
stance behind. Pores small; dissepiments thin; edge membranaceous, slightly toothed —This is probably a resu-
pinate form of some Anodermeous species, which has not at present been observed. Its bright colour, however,
makes it very remarkable, on which account it is inserted here, though the specimen is by no means in a satisfactory
state. :
* Polyporus (Resupinatus) Zeucoplacus, Berk. ; candidus, rigidiusculus, tenuis, limitatus, poris parvis
punctiformibus, dissepimentis crassis, acie obtusissima pulverulenta.

Has. On dead sticks, Colenso.

White, effused, but limited by an abrupt, free, narrow, nearly smooth border, thin, rather rigid. Pores puncti-
form, about „4, of an inch broad; dissepiments thick, edge flattened, minutely pulverulent.—Distinguished from
P. medulla, Panis, by its thin substance, and from P. wantholoma, Schwein., by the absence of any yellow tinge,
especially as regards the margin.

19. Polyporus vaporarius, Fr. Hp. p. 487.

Has. On dead wood, as in the forest beyond Tehawera, Colenso.

Gen. X. D/EDALEA, Pers.

Port adult labyrinthiformes 1. lacerato-dentati. .Hymenophorwm inter poros omnino immutatum,
in tramam cum pilei substantia persistenter similarem descendens.

Differing from Polyporus, not only in its sinuated pores, but in the nature of the trama. (Name from
adaos, in allusion to the labyrinthiform pores.)

1. Diedalea confragosa, Fr. Ep. p. 493.

Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Precisely the British species, as found at Bristol by Mr. Stephens.

2. Dedalea pendula, Berk.; imbricata, coriacea, pileis burseeformibus pendulis dorso verticeque affixis
zonatis pallide gilvis, floccis rigidiusculis umbrinis breviter strigosis vestitis, hymenio lilacino-gilvo parce
poroso, dissepimentis irregularibus. (Tas. CV. Fig. 4.)

Has. On dead wood, Ngawakatatara, Colenso.

Imbricated, coriaceous. Pilei 14 inch broad, 1 inch long, pendulous, burseeform, pale reddish-grey, tinged with
lilac, sparingly zoned, clothed with short, strigose, matted brown hairs; margin tomentose. Hymenium tinged with
lilac and reddish-grey, sparingly porous, with irregular, tooth-like dissepiments, which are finely setulose.— This, if
fully grown, is scarcely a Dedalea in its characters, having more the hymenium of a Radulum ; but it is evidently

e

|

Fungi.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 181

allied to such species as D. unicolor ; and though the dissepiments are irregular, there are very evident pores, while
in some parts there are as evident teeth. The species is at any rate undescribed, whatever may be thought of the
genus.—PLATE CV. Fig. 4. Dedalea pendula, Berk., natural size.

Gen. XI. FAVOLUS, Fries.

Carnoso-lentus. - Zymenium reticulatum, cellulosum, alveolatum. Alveoli radiantes, e lamellis dense
anastomosantibus formati, elongati, parietibus duplicatis.

The species of this genus approach very near to such Polypori as P. squamosus, from which perhaps they are
scarcely separable. The pores, however, in the allied Polypori, are minute at first, and then dilated: whereas those
of Favolus are cellular from the beginning, resembling in fact those at the base of the gills of Agaricus ostreatus.
(Name from favus, a honeycomb.)

l. Favolus intestinalis, Berk. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1851, p. 167.

Haz. On dead wood amongst moss, Colenso.

Gen. XII. HYDNUM, ZL.

Hymenium in fungo horizontali inferum ; aculeis inter se liberis, deorsum spectantibus.

A very important section of Fungi, comprising far the larger part of those whose hymenium is spread over
elongated, more or less filiform or aculeiform processes. A few species are excellent when cooked, as for instance
Hydnum repandum, which is scarcely inferior to Tuber estivum. (Name from ó8vov, a fungus.)

* Hydnum clathroides, Pallas.

Has. On Knightia excelsa, in dense forests, Manawatu, Colenso. Native name, Pekepeke Riore.

Of this I have seen only a decayed fragment. The plant, when fresh, is said to be of “a light whitish-brown,”
and to attain a large size. Without further information I do not hesitate to consider it merely as a state of the
species of Pallas.

1. Hydnum scopinellum, Berk.; effusum, albidum, subiculo intertexto, aculeis basi tomentosis, apice
penicillato.
Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

Widely effused ; subieulum composed of delicate, interwoven threads, which make the base of the aculei tomen-
tose, tips penicillate.— Allied to .H. ciliolatum, Berk. et Curt., but the prickles are not flat, nor are they properly
denticulate. A form oceurs in which they are dwarf and badly developed.

Gen. XIII. IRPEX, Fries.

Hymenium inferum, primitus dentatum. Dentes varii, firmi, subcoriacei, acuti, cum pileo omnino con-
ereti, seriatim 1. reticulatim dispositi, basique plicis lamellosis (in sessilibus) porosisve (in resupinatis) con-
catenati.

Just intermediate between Polyporus and Hydnum, combining the characters of both genera. The tendency,
however, is towards the former genus, though the teeth are very distinct. The species belong principally to tem-
perate climates. (Name from irpex, a harrow; in allusion to the firm teeth of the hymenium.)

l. Irpex drevis, Berk. ; subimbricata, brevis, dimidiata, mycelio expanso, pileo albo hie illic rufescente
innato-fibrilloso, dentibus elongatis compressis dentatis.

Haz. On dead bark, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Loosely and distantly imbricated. Mycelium thin, running in little patches over the bark, from which spring
dimidiate, somewhat pendulous pilei, scarcely half an inch long, and twice as much broad, which are at first white

VOL. II. 3A

182 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

and then variously tinted with red-brown, slightly rugose, sometimes zoned, innato-fibrillose. Very rarely the whole
pileus is rufous. Stem none, but occasionally the vertex is slightly elongated. Teeth flat, elongated, often toothed.
—The pileus is marked very much after the fashion of Polyporus molliusculus. I cannot point out any species to
which it has a close affinity.

Gen. XIV. THELEPHORA, Fries.

Hymenium subinferam, cum pileo anodermeo fibroso-contexto connatum, costato-striatum papillosumve,
carnoso-lentum, nigrescens, demum flocculoso-collabens.

The large groups of Fungi, characterized generally by the absence of any distinct folds or teeth, and their more
or less coriaceous or fibrous. substance, formerly associated under the common name of Thelephora, have been broken
up into three principal genera: the first, Thelephora, comprising those which exhibit obscure folds and granulations
on their hymenium, and having no distinct cuticle; the second, Stereum, those which have a cuticle combined with
a coriaceous texture, and even hymenium; and the third, Corticium, those which are of a more fleshy, moist texture.
The resupinate species are sometimes with difficulty assigned to their proper place, but the three divisions are cer-
tainly natural. They occur in all parts of ‘the world, abounding in temperate climates, though a few are subtro-
pical species. (Name from OAn, a pap, and depo, I bear.)

1. Thelephora vaga, Berk.; resupinata, mycelio repente byssoideo subreticulato, hymenio pulverulento
isabellino.

Has. On dead wood, Sinclair.

Mycelium creeping widely over the wood, in the form of arachnoid, somewhat reticulated, byssoid strings.
Hymenium pulverulent, but not setulose, pale clay-coloured.—Resembling somewhat Corticium velutinum, but. differ-
ing in colour and structure.

2. Thelephora pedicellata, Schwein. in Schrift. d. Nat. t. 2. f. 3.
Has. On bark amongst moss, Colenso ; Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

This very curious species resembles some of the puzzling anamorphoses of Lichens, which are constantly trans-
mitted as Fungi. I have not seen authentic specimens of Schweinitz’ plant, but the New Zealand fungus accords so
exactly with the figure and description, that I have no doubt about its identity.

Gen. XV. STEREUM, Fries.

Hymenium definite terram spectans, coriaceum, sat crassum, cum strato intermedio pilei dermatini con-
cretum, leeve, semper immutatum et contiguum, persistens.

The finer species of this genus are mostly tropical, but some of the commoner forms, as Stereum hirsutum, occur
in every latitude. Several have the hymenium velvety, with short bristly hairs. These form a distinct group, and
are separated generically by Léveillé, under the name of Leptochete. (Name from orepeos, stif.)

1. Stereum Sowerbei, Berk.—Helvella pannosa, Sow. t. 155.

- Has. On the ground, Colenso.

This species occurs also in Van Diemen's Land. I have authentic specimens of the plant of Sowerby, and have
found the species myself, and can positively assert that the hymenium is not setulose, as expressed in Persoon's
figure, and described by Fries. The species, in fact, approaches near to Stereum elegans, and differs in having a dull
not shining pileus, which is more or less marked with raised lines, and is often proliferous at the margin. I see no
difference between the European and New Zealand specimens: in both, the stem is sometimes central, but frequently
lateral or merismoid. The figure in Sowerby gives no notion of the colour, which, instead of being dull, exhibits
bright shades of red-brown. I have no authentic specimen of the plant of Fries, but his cannot be the same with
that of Sowerby.

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 183

2. Stereum lobatum, Kze. in Weig. Eus.
Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H., etc.

The specimens exactly accord with authentic 8. Boryanum, Fr., which I consider certainly the same species
with S. lobatum.

3. Stereum cinereo-badium, Fr. Ep. p. 547. Klotzsch, Nov. Act. v. 19. t.5. Thelephora badia, Hook.
Bot. Misc. v. 2. t. 84. :
Has. On dead wood, Colenso, etc.

4. Stereum vellereum, Berk.; resupinato-ambiens, margine demum late libero lobato, sursum stup-
peo-strigosum versus marginem zonatum, hymenio ochraceo lævi.
Haz. On dead twigs, Colenso. Middle Island, Lyall.

Spreading for several inches over dead twigs, which it half surrounds, but at length becoming free, with a broad
lobed border; above dirty white, except towards the zoned margin, where it assumes an ochraceous tinge, clothed
behind with rather coarse, tow-like fibres, those on the younger portion, with which the extreme edge is ciliated, being
finer. Hymenium even, ochraceous.—This species is nearly allied to Stereum striatum, but is distinguished by its
coarse coat. It is a very pretty Fungus, though perhaps scarcely sufficiently distinct from the North American
species.

5. Stereum hirsutum, Fr. Ep. p. 549.

Haz. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

6. Stereum phewm, Berk.; pileo dimidiato sessili tenui coriaceo-flexili zonato breviter hirto subvelu-
tino badio, hymenio pileo conformiter sulcato setuloso ferrugineo.

Haz. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Pileus 14-2 inches broad, 1 inch or more long, dark bay, variegated with paler zones, clothed with short,
matted hairs, thin, but rather coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile. Hymenium zoned like the pileus, bay, with a ferrugi-
nous bloom, setulose.—A very beautiful species, without the slightest yellow or rhubarb tint. It resembles 8. 7u-
biginosum, but is far more freely developed, and very different in texture.

* Stereum rugosum, Fr. Ep. p. 552.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

A coarse, rigid form, with a distinct, zoned, velvety pileus.

7. Stereum papyrinum, Mont. Cuba, p. 574.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

Thelephora crassa, Lév., is scarcely a different species, though thicker and with a free margin.

8. Stereum Jatissimum, Berk.; longe lateque effusum, candidum, sub lente minutissime subtomen-
tosum, margine abrupto.

Has. On bark of trees, Sinclair.

Forming patches many inches in length and breadth, very thin, following all the inequalities of the matrix,
chalk-white, under the lens very minutely subtomentose; margin abrupt, by no means byssoid.—Resembling Stereum
acerinum, but a thinner, more effused plant. It appears to grow on living branches, but is certainly no Lichen, as

it is without gonidia.
Gen. XVI. CORTICIUM, ies.

Hymenium amphigenum; vegetum et fertile tumens, carnoso-molle, udum, undulatum papillosumve,
siccitate collabens, leevigatum, sepissime rimoso-incisum sed nunquam flocculoso-deliquescens.

184 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

Those species with true asci, such as Corticium Marianum (which is nothing more than Peziza confluens),
must be excluded ; and those which remain, which are truly sporophorous, as C. giganteum, will be known from their
allies by their softer hymenium.— Specimens imperfectly developed do not exhibit the characters of the genus, which
is very much confined to temperate regions. (Name from cortex, bark; from the habitat of many of the species.)

1. Corticium Jeve, Fr. Ep. p. 560.

Has. On little twigs, dead bark, etc., Tehawera, Colenso.

2. Corticium viride, Berk.; effusum, crustaceum, rimosum, olivaceo-viride, margine tenuissimo livido,
sporis magnis subglobosis.

Has. On dead decorticated wood, and also on bark, Colenso.

Effused, forming small, confluent patches of a yellow olivaceous green, with a very thin, membranous, scarcely
byssoid, livid margin. Hymenium cracked. Spores subglobose or elliptic, large, +77 of an inch long.—Analogous
to Hydnum viride. When old it acquires a darker tinge.

3. Corticium terreum, Berk. ; resupinatum, terreo-fuscum, subvinosum, primo continuum, dein areolato-
rimosum, setulosum, margine angustissimo.

Haz. On bark of Knightia, Ruamahange, Colenso.

Effused, resupinate; at first even, earthy brown, with a vinous tint, then cracked into areole, setulose ;
margin extremely narrow, not distinctly byssoid; the areola sometimes acquire a very narrow but distinctly defined
border.—Very nearly allied to C. cinnamomeum, but certainly distinct. The colour is something like that of Thele-
phora laciniata.

4. Corticium polygonium, Er. Ep. p. 564.

Has. On dead bark, Colenso.

The specimens are of a rich red-brown, and are more highly developed than any 1 have seen, with the exception
of one received from M. Lindblad, which confirms the diagnosis above given, about which 1 should otherwise have
had some doubt.

5. Corticium rhabarbarinum, Berk.; effusum, resupinatum, flavo-ferrugineum, margine subtiliter
byssino, hymenio setuloso continuo.
Has. On bark, Colenso.

At first exhibiting little round specks, which gradually increase, and form a uniform, tawny stratum; margin
rather paler, delicately and shortly byssoid. Hymenium even, not cracked when dry, distinctly setulose.— This is
undoubtedly allied to C. cinnamomeum and C. corrugatum, but the hymenium is never cracked, and the colour ap-
proaches to that of rhubarb. The true C. cinnamomeum, a differently coloured and much thicker species, may be seen

in Madame Libert’s collection, no. 122.

Gen. XVII. CYPHELLA, Fries.
Submembranaceus, postice adnatus, subporrectus, pendulus. Hymenium definite inferum, sed. similare
et nullo modo a pileo discretum, persistens, demum ineequabile.

This genus includes a few Pezizeeform Fungi, which were formerly associated with Peziza, but are at once dis-
tinguished by the absence of asci. Their peculiar habit prevents the probability of confusion with Stereum, to which

they are most nearly allied. (Name from Kudos, leaning forwards; from their pendulous habit.)

1. Oyphella densa, Berk.; parva, ezespitosa, e vertice obliquo porrecto pendula, cervina, supra pubescenti-

pruinosa, hymenio concolore levi.
Haz. On living bark of Corynocarpus laevigata, Cape Kidnapper, Colenso.

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 185

Forming little distinct patches, consisting of numerous fasciculate, pendulous, pruinose, elongated, fawn-coloured
bodies, attached by their apex. Hymenium of the same colour, even. Spores elliptic, 455 of an inch long.—The
meal with which the pilei are clothed consists of short, obtuse flocci.—This species has many of the characters of
Cyphella pendula, but that is a far larger species. C. Gayana, Lév., is much larger and not fasciculate, in which
latter character it agrees with C. fasciculata, Berk. et Curt., though very different in other respects. C. cupuleformis,
Berk. et Rav., differs in its solitary habit, form, and dark hymenium.

Gen. XVIII. GUEPINIA, Fries.

Gelatinosa, subtremellina, intumescens, sicca contrahitur, subcartilaginea. Hymeniwm distinctum,
definite inferum vel primitus superum, immutatum, persistens.

Intermediate between Tremellini and Auricularini. The species are for the most part very beautiful and inter-
esting, the finest, however, occurring in Europe and South Carolina. (Named after Guepin, a French Botanist.)

1. Guepinia spathularia, Fr. Ep. p. 566.

Has. Springing from the cracks of a decayed log, Pahiatua, Colenso.

2. Guepinia pezizeformis, Berk. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 60.
Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Gen. XIX. HYPOCHNUS, Fries.

Plano-expansus, membranaceus, sed totus e floccis fibrosis contextus. Hymenium pruinosum. Spore
conglobate, normaliter floccis obvolute.

An ill defined genus, the structure of which is not at present perfectly understood. It is not improbable that
the species, some of which are very common in tropical regions, are anamorphoses of Lichens. (Name from bro,
under, and axvy, or xvoos, down.)

1. Hypochnus albo-cinctus, Mont. Cub. p. 368.
Haz. On dead bark, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Probably a degeneration of some Lichen.

Gen. XX. CLAVARIA, Z.

Carnosa, ramosa l. simplex, teres, absque stipite distincto; hymenio contiguo sicco.

A large genus, very widely distributed, more especially in temperate regions. Many of the species are excel-
lent articles of food. Fungi of a similar form occur in other groups, but those of the present genus are at once
distinguishable by the exposed hymenium producing naked spores, (Name from c/ava, a club.)

l. Clavaria Zutea, Vitt. Mang. t. 99. f. 3.
Has. On the ground, Bidwill.

The specimens exactly resemble Vittadini’s figure. All the allied species are excellent when stewed.

. . . o q. . . . . a

2. Clavaria pusio, Berk. ; stipite gracili sursum crassiore ad basin ipsam in ramos paucos adscendentes
acutos diviso.

Has. On the naked soil, Colenso.

About $ an inch high. Stem not a line thick, rather incrassated above, divided into a few acute, cylindrical,
ascending branches, about as long as the stem, making an acute angle with each other, and rarely subdivided.— This
Species has nearly the same appearance as C. chondroides, which it much resembles, but differently branched, and

VOL. H. 3B

186 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. (Fungi.

on a smaller scale. The colour of the-dried plant is rufous. As no notes accompanied the specimen, I cannot tell

what was the original colour. The habit is somewhat that of C. macropus.

3. Olavaria flagelliformis, Berk.; ramosissima, ad basin ipsam divisa, ramis subfasciculatis fastigiatis
cylindricis elongatis furcatis acutis apice indivisis.

Has. On the bare soil, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

About 2 inches high, divided to the base; branches beginning to spread about half an inch from the base, form-
ing a somewhat fastigiate, flagelliform mass, cylindrical, forked, elongated, acute and undivided at the apex.—A
much larger plant than the last, to which it is nearly allied; unfortunately there are no notes as to colour. The
dried plant, like the last, is rufous and somewhat translucent above.

4. Clavaria arborescens, Berk.; sparsa, amethystina, gracilis, stipite tenui elongato simplici, ramis fur-
catis fastigiatis ultimis brevissimis acutis.
Haz. On the ground, Wangarei and Bay of Islands (October), Colenso.

About 2 inches high, scattered, elegant. Stem flexuose, simple, 1 inch high, slightly incrassated upwards,
spreading into a few forked branches, which bear a quantity of fastigiate ramuli, the ultimate divisions being ex-
tremely short and rather acute. This is clearly allied to the two foregoing, and like them can be referred to no
published -species, though with the habit of O. macropus. The colours are evidently bright when fresh. A very
distinct form of this species occurs at the Bay of Islands, with a very different habit, nearly half an inch high, and
far more robust in proportion; it is branched to the base, and is more compact. Without a series of specimens, it

is impossible to say which is the more typical.

5. Clavaria flaccida, Vr. Syst. Myc. v. 1. p. 471.

Haz. On dead leaves, twigs, ete., Colenso.

* Clavaria crispula, Fr. Ep. p. 516.

Has. On rotten wood, Colenso.

6. Clavaria Colensoi, Berk.; parva, e basi compressa ramosa, ramis erectis furcatis subeequalibus api-
cibus acuminatis, fibrillis brevibus stupposis matrici affixa.

Has. On decayed wood, Colenso.

About 1 inch high, attached to the soft decayed wood by a few short towy fibres, which, like the whole plant,
are brown when dry. Stem mostly compressed, branched from the base, or a little above it, repeatedly forked ;
branches subfastigiate, delicate; apices forked, very acute. Closely allied to C. delicata, but the brown fibres by
which it is attached, and other points, forbid its association with that species, of which I have authentic specimens
from Fries.

7. Clavaria 2nequalis, Fr. Syst. v. 1. p. 481.

Has. On the ground, Bay of Islands, Hooker.

Gen. XXI. PISTILLARIA, Fries.

Clavata, e ceraceo rigens, contextu vesiculoso.

Minute epiphytous Clavariz, from the smaller species of which genus they differ very slightly. (Name from

pistillum, in allusion to their form.)

* Pistillaria ovata, Fr. Ep. p. 537.
Has. On dead stalks of herbaceous plants, Colenso.

<
i
i
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Torn

Fungi] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 187

Gen. XXII. EXIDIA, Fries.

Gelatinosa, tremula, submarginata, contextu rare floccoso, subtus sterilis, heteroplaca, supra rugosa,
callo hymenino, papillis heterogeneis consperso tecta ; sporis curvulis.

This genus approaches much more nearly to 4uricularini than other Tremellaceous Fungi, and indeed is almost
identical with Auricularia. Almost all the species are hispid underneath, though a splendid but small vermilion-
coloured species from New York is an exception. E. 4uricula-Jude is common in all parts of the world, and one
or two very close allies abound in the tropics. The common species was used in medicine, but it is doubtful whether
it has any active properties. (Name from exsudo, to ooze out.)

1. Exidia hispidula, Berk. in Ann. of Nat. Hist. v. 3. p. 396.

Haz. On stems of trees hanging over water, Lake Mawe, Bay of Islands, River Wangaehu, on Cory-

LÀ
nocarpus, etc., Ross, Colenso, J. D. H.

Gen, XXIII. SECOTIUM, Kee.

Vowa universalis, demum margine pilei rupta. Pileus stipitatus. Hymenium cellulosum, cellulis laby-
rinthiformibus persistentibus.

This curious genus combines the characters of Boletus and Hymenangium. The hymenium is sometimes dis-
tinct, as in Boletus, but, in individuals of the same species, occupies besides a place above the insertion of the stem.
The species, which are as yet few in number, prefer the warmer temperate regions. One as yet undescribed affords
a delicious article of food in Australia. A minute species has occurred in the south of Europe. If Lycoperdon trans-
versarium, Bosc., is to be considered as a true Secotium, the characters must be slightly modified, as the volva in that
species is indehiscent. (Name from oos, an enclosure).

1. Secotium erythrocephalum, Tul., Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1844. Aug. p. 115. Sep. 1845. €. 9. f. 5-17.

Has. On the ground, Northern Island, Sinclair. Banks’ Peninsula, Raoul.

Distinguished by its beautiful red obtuse pileus.

Gen. XXIV. ASEROE, Labill.

Volva globosa, intus gelatinosa. Receptaculum stipitatum, in radios longos subulatos sæpe furcatos
divisum. Hymenium basi radiorum positum.

This beautiful genus occurs not only in New Zealand and Australia, but also in Ceylon; and if Calathiscus,
Mont., be considered also a species, as connected with the older forms by that from Ceylon, in India. Like other
Phalli, the species emit a very disagreeable smell, which is scarcely compensated by their beauty. (Name from
aonpos, disagreeable.)

1. Aseroe rubra, Labill.

Haz. On the ground, Auckland, Sinclair.

Varying in size and in the number of the rays; but these are always continuous with the stem, and not divided
behind by a deep groove, as in the following species.

* Aseroe Hookeri, Berk.; minor, stipite transversim rugoso a receptaculo omnino discreto, radiis sub-
tus sulco divisis, laciniis longissimis. a. miniata. £. viridis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 13.)

Has. On clay banks or hills, as at Kai Patika, J. D. H., Colenso.

A much smaller species than the last, with a transversely rugose stem, and very long rays, which are strongly
grooved behind. The colour is sometimes of a more or less deep red, sometimes of a metallic green. The latter
form was fully described and figured in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. iii. p. 192; but other specimens have now been re-

188 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [-Fungt.

ceived resembling Aseroe rubra in colour, though exactly agreeing in other respects; I have consequently been obliged
to alter the specific name.—PrATE CV. Fig. 13 :—a. Section of a young Aseroe Hookeri magnified: the hymenium
forms a spongy, tender mass, connected with the rays up to the point of their bifurcation, by a little light-coloured,
tendinous substance, which is given off from the centre: this is at length absorbed, and there is then a perforation
from the centre to the cavity of the stem. 4. A transverse section below the point of bifurcation, showing the mass
bulging out between each ray. c. Spores, which are rather smaller than those of 4. rubra, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. XXV. ILEODICTYON, Tut.

Volva universalis, globosa, intus gelatinosa. Receptaculum sessile, cancellatum, ramis late fistulosis
nequaquam porosis ilia mentientibus. Hymeniwm retis parieti interno adherens.

This genus was very properly separated by M. Tulasne from Clathrus, on account of the hollow branches of the
network, which are besides not porous, as in that genus. The species, as at present known, are nearly confined to
Australia and New Zealand; Z. gracile, however, occurs in Chili. (Name from eAcos, an intestine, and ducrvov,

a net.)

1. Heodictyon cibarium, Tul., Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1844. Aug. p. 114.

Has. On the ground, Raoul, Colenso, Sinclair, ete.

The volva was formerly eaten by the natives when they were in less favourable circumstances than at present,
and was known under the name of Paru watitiri (Thunder-dirt). The smaller species has not yet occurred in New
Zealand.

Gen. XXVI. PAUROCOTYLIS, Berk.

Peridium simplex, durum, tenue; gleba floccosa, sinubus paucis magnis flexuosis percursa, sporas
magnas globosas pedicellatas e superficie proferentibus.— Genus Lycoperdineum Arachnio affine, Glomo
quodam modo quod ad sporas attinet analogon. (Name from 7raupos, few, and xoruMy, a cavity.)

1. Paurocotylis pila, Berk. (Tas. CV. Fig. 9.)

Has. On the ground, Tehawera, Colenso.

Globose, slightly sinuated, bright crimson, somewhat rufous, and much contracted and waved when dry. Peri-
dium hard, thin, rigid, consisting of flocci closely laced into a compact network; trama floccose to the naked eye, but
under a high power consisting of loose, interwoven, membranous bodies, which give rise on the surface of the sinuses,
which are very few in number, to pellucid peduncles, of greater or less length, each of which bears a large globose
spore 4255 of an inch in diameter, whose endochrome contains a small globose nucleus. The spores, when seen
together on the walls of the fructifying cavity, are of a pale tan-colour.—This is one of the most singular species in
the collection, but unfortunately only a solitary specimen has at present occurred. The characters are, however, too
striking to leave much room for hesitation. The Fungus looks at first like a young dried egg of some Phalloid.—
Prats CV. Fig. 9 :—Paurocotylis pila, natural size; (the colour changes, when dry, to a dull pale rufous.) a. Por-
tion of tissue and sporidia, magnified. b. Sporidia in situ, magnified 250 diameters. Tt is probable that in the fresh
plant there are asci, as in Stephensia; if so, the peduncles are merely the base of the withered asci.

Gen. XXVIL GEASTER, Mich.

Peridium duplex; exterius discretum, persistens, radiis stellatis expansis dehiscens.

Puff-balls, varying greatly in size, and at once distinguished by their distinct outer peridium, which splits in a
stellate manner, and turns back, so as to present a very striking appearance. They occur in almost all parts of the
world, where Fungal growth is possible. (Name from yn, the earth, and aornp, a star.)

* Geaster fimbriatus, Fr. Syst. v. 3. p. 16.

reU ga mme

Fungi.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 189
Has. On the ground, Colenso.
Gen. XXVIII. TRICHOSCYTALE, Corda.

Peridium externum suberoso-ligneum, rugosum ; internum floccosum, externum demum superans,
fimbriatum.

A very curious genus, first figured by Junghuhn, from Java. It has occurred also in Sikkim, and in South
Carolina,—in the latter instance on some species of Zaurus. Though at first sight extremely anomalous, a section at
once shows its affinity with Geaster. (Name from Opié, a hair, and okvraAn, a club; published originally under
the name of Trichocoma, which is pre-occupied by a genus of Asteracee.)

1. Trichoscytale paradoxa, Corda, Anleitung, p. 196.—Trichocoma paradoxum, Jungh.
Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Gen. XXIX. BOVISTA, i.

Peridium papyraceum, persistens, cortice discreto, demum secedente. Capillitium subcompactum,
zequale, peridio undique adnatum ; sporis inspersis, pedicellatis.

Distinguished from Lycoperdon by its distinct outer peridium, which is, in typical species, nearly even, and
ultimately shells off. The species are few in number, the individuals of which abound in exposed pastures under a
temperate sun. One or two, at present imperfectly understood, occur in the tropies. (Name Latinized from the
German Bofist, a puff-ball.)

1. Bovista drunnea, n. s.; globosa, peridio papyraceo-flexili brunneolo, cortice innato omnino evanes-
cente, capillitio sporisque pallide argillaceo-olivaceis.

Has. On the ground, amongst Moss, in grassy spots, head of Manawatu River, Colenso.

Globose, 1 inch across, attached by a central point, opening by a narrow aperture; outer peridium subinnate,
at length entirely evanescent ; inner brownish-umber. Capillitium and globose pedunculate spores subolivaceous.—
This appears to be quite a distinct species from B. plumbea, which it resembles in the spores and in outward form,
but not in colour, nor in the nature of the outer peridium.

Gen. XXX. LYCOPERDON, Tourn.

Peridium membranaceum, flaccescens, aut superne evanescens, cortice adnato, subpersistente, in squa-
mas l. verrucas varias abeunte. Capillitium molle, densum, basi compacta, sterili peridioque adnatum.

Few Fungi are more widely dispersed or abundant than the species of this genus, which occur under varied
forms in every climate. It is possible, however, that many very distinct kinds are confounded under one name, as
the genus has never been studied monographically. Most of them, when young, are excellent for food, and the
gigantic Z. Bovista is the best of all Fungi. (Name from Avxos, a wolf, and zep9o, in allusion to the ancient
notion as to their origin.)

1. Lycoperdon Fontanesii, D. R. et Lév., FI. Alg. t. 22.

Has. On the ground, Waihekeh, Colenso.

This splendid Puff-ball resembles so closely the Algerian species, of which I have an exolete specimen, exactly
in the condition in which it is represented by Desfontaines, that I am unable to find any characters by which it may
be separated; it has the same turbinate form, the same areolate peridium, with depressed stellate warts occupying
the areolee, the same mode of rupture, minute sessile spores ysy of an inch long, and the same forked flocci, Like
that also, it maintains for a long time its firm base, after the spores are dispersed, when it assumes a reddish tint.
It sometimes weighs from one to three pounds. The natives roast and eat it, under the name of Pukurau.

VOL. II. 30

190 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

2. Lycoperdon celatum, Fr. Syst. v. 3. p. 32.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

3. Lycoperdon pusillum, Fr. Symb. Gast. p. T.

Haz. On the ground, Colenso.

4. Lycoperdon reticulatum, n.s.; globosum, deorsum attenuatum, peridio subtiliter reticulato demum
glaberrimo.

Haz. On the ground, Colenso.

An inch or more in diameter, globose, attenuated below into a very short stem, which sends down a rather firm
root, finely reticulated, at length quite smooth and shining, opening above by a small, terminal, irregular orifice.
Capillitium olivaceous, at length bleached, and of a very pale French grey. Barren stratum confluent with the capil-
litium. Spores globose, about the size of those of L. pusillum, from which it seems to be really distinct.

5. Lycoperdon Nove-Zelandia, Lév.; receptaculo globoso sessili papyraceo, cortice albo nitente ver-
ruculoso secedente obtuso subtus plicato-lacunoso, parenchymate sporisque violaceis.—Lév. in Ann. des Sc.
Nat. 1846 (March), p. 164.

Has. On the ground, Raoul.

The above characters are copied from Léveillé. I have seen no specimens of this species. It is described as
thin and very fragile, covered with a white bark, sprinkled with little granuleform warts. It opens with a very
wide aperture; the capillitium is of a beautiful violet, as are also the spores, which are very small and even. The
species seems to resemble Bovista fragilis, Vittadini.

6. Lycoperdon microspermum, Berk. in Kew Misc. 1851, p.172.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

The specimens are intermediate between the New Zealand Z. pusillum, and the Sikkim-Himalayan L. microsper-
mum, resembling, however, in habit and sculpture the latter, but with rather larger spores, which are also of a greener
tint, but this latter point depends much on age and circumstances.

7. Lycoperdon gemmatum, Fr. Syst. Mye. v. 3. p. 36.

Haz. On the ground, as at the forest near Tehawera, Colenso.

8. Lycoperdon pyriforme, Scheeff.

Has. On decayed wet wood, Wairarupa, Colenso.

Some specimens are almost sessile, but they have the columella characteristic of L. pyriforme.

Gen. XXXI. SCLERODERMA, Pers.

Peridium firmum, innato-corticatum, irregulariter dehiscens. Flocci peridio undique adnati, vacuolis
immixtis minutis, in quibus glomeruli sporarum apicibus floccorum oriundarum absque peridiolo nidulantur.

The hard peridium and masses of naked spores separated by the reticulated capillitium, easily distinguish this
genus. When young the species are very firm, and, as they sometimes grow beneath the surface of the soil, are
often taken for Truffles, from which they differ altogether in structure. The species are for the most part very
generally diffused. (Name from oxAnpos, hard, and deppa, skin.)

1. Scleroderma Geaster, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 46.

Has. On the ground, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

A single specimen only. Itis very common in Australia,

2. Scleroderma vulgare, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 3. p. 46.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

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Pungi.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 191

Gen. XXXII. AUTHALIUM, ZA.

Peridium indeterminatum, membranoso-cellulare, fragile, fatiscens, extus strato floccoso evanescente
corticatum, intus e floccis in strata membranacea coalitis cellulosum.

The only species of this genus, which is the pest of hothouses, occurs under various forms in various situations.
How far it may be right to combine them all is doubtful, without a comparative examination of their fruit, which
has not at present been made. (Name from arBaky, soot.)

1. Aithalium septieum, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 8. p. 98.
Has. On various substances, as dead wood, moss, etc., Colenso.

Gen. XXXIII. DIDERMA, Pers.

Peridium duplex: exterius crustaceum, discretum, glabrum, fragile, dehiscens: interius tenerrimum,
membranaceum, evanescens. — Mocci vagi, versus basin adnati, aut sepius columelle affixi interque sporas
compactas serpentes, raro latentes.

The minuter exotic Fungi, especially those which scarcely bear transmission, have for the most part been little
examined, and therefore much cannot be said about their distribution. The smooth, polished outer peridium suffi-
ciently distinguishes the genus from any with which it can be confounded. Few objects are more beautiful when in
perfection. (Name from ds, double, and Sepp, a skin.)

l. Diderma Hookeri, Berk.; rufum, stipite brevi crasso sursum angustiore, peridio globoso sursum
evanescente deorsum subcircumscisso interiore tenerrimo hyalino, exteriore membranaceo, capillitio subhya-
lino, sporis atris sub lente vinosis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 19.)

Has. On fronds of Hymenophyllum, in woods of the interior of the Northern Island, Colenso.

About a line high including the stem, rufous, with a slight iridescent lustre. Stem about equal in length to
the globose peridium, thick, attenuated upwards, slightly veined. Peridium evanescent above, persistent at the base;
outer membranous, subplicate ; inner extremely delicate, nearly colourless; columella obtuse, about half the length
of the stem, like which it is slightly veined, dark rufous. Capillitium attached to the columella and inner mem-
brane, branched with broad, triangular spaces or lacune. — Spores globose or polyhedrous, about +755 of an inch in
diameter, black when seen in a mass, vinous under the lens.—This species resembles a Physarum in its outer mem-
brane, but there is a strong columella, and a distinct inner membrane, visible only on dissection, to which the capil-
litium is attached. The inner membrane is certainly not composed of fibres, but that is rather the case with the
outer membrane, as also with the base of the stem.—Prark CV. Fig. 12. Diderma Hookeri, natural size. a, b, the
same, magnified. c. Portion of the double coat, and the annexed threads. g. Spores, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. XXXIV. DIDYMIUM, Schrad.

Peridium membranaceum, tenue, irregulariter dehiscens aut fatiscens, tectum cortice (peridio externo
non discreto) adnato in squamulas furfuraceas aut villum farinosum mox fatiscente. Flocci vagi, peridio
adnati, inter sporas serpentes.

The mealy peridium distinguishes this genus, which is of much more frequent occurrence than the former. It
contains many very elegant species. (Name from 8:Svpos, double.)

1. Didymium australe, Berk. ; peridio subgloboso fragili farinaceo, stipite brevissimo nigrescente, co-
lumella pallida, floccis crispis, sporis majoribus atris.

Has. On the under side of leaves of Lomaria Colensoi, Colenso.

Minute, fixed by a thin, pale hypothallus. Stem extremely short, nearly black, even. Peridium subglobose,

192 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

farinaceous, brittle, not umbilicate, black and persistent when rubbed. Flocci much branched, strongly crisped, so
as sometimes to appear spiral. Spores globose, black to the eye, purplish under the microscope, 57; of an inch
long.—This species differs from D. farinaceum in its thicker, crisped flocci, and larger spores. Those in D. farina-

ceum I find „255 of an inch long, while the flocci are nearly straight and very slender.

2. Didymium cinereum, Fr. Syst. v. 3. p. 126.

Haz. On the naked soil, Colenso.

The specimens vary from adnato-confluent to stipitate, in which case there is a close approach to D. costatum.
The spores are about 37,7 of an inch long, as I find them also in South Carolina specimens, which are exceedingly
crowded, and have a white central mass, assuming somewhat the appearance of a columella. The little white specks
which are so conspicuous amongst the dark spores, consist of solid, variously-shaped bodies, from the angles of which
are given off in some cases delicate white threads, in others membranous expansions, meeting similar offsets from

neighbouring bodies.
Gen. XXXV. STEMONITIS, Gled.

Peridium simplex, tenuissimum, membranaceum, fugax, evanescens. Capillitium determinatum, stipite
(nigro) intrante adnatum ; floccis reticulatim connexis.

The peculiar habit and penetrating stem in most cases indicate clearly the species, a few of which approach
Physarum. 8. fusca, and one or two more, occur in all parts of the world, if indeed all the forms usually referred to
that species really belong to it. It is represented, as at present appears, in New Zealand, by S. ferruginea, which
bears a close external resemblance to it. (Name from orquov, a thread, or stamen.)

1. Stemonitis ferruginea, Ehrenb. Syw. Ber. p. 26. f. 6. A. B.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

2. Stemonitis typhoides, DC. Fl. Fr. v. 2. p. 257.

Haz. On a decayed Polyporus, Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Spores 255, whereas those of S. fusca are not less than 4445. The specimens are nearly intermediate between
S. ferruginea and S. typhoides, resembling the latter in characters, and the former in general aspect.

Gen. XXXVI. CYATHUS, Pers.

Peridium primum obovatum vel fusiforme, obtusum, apice demum centrali dehiscens, et velo can-
dido tympani instar clausum, e membranis tribus arcte invicem applicatis compositum. Sporangia plana,
umbilicata, funiculo parietibus addicta. Spore sporophoro innate.

A most curious genus, attracting the notice of every observer, from its resemblance to little nests full of eggs.
It occurs in all parts of the world; and while some of the species are cosmopolites, others are purely tropical. It is
distinguished from Crucibulum by the structure of the peridium. The mode of growth of the spores has been
happily indicated by M. Tulasne, as being like that of the higher Hymenomycetes. (Name from cyathus, a cup.)

1. Cyathus Nove-Zelandia, Tul. in Ann. des Se. Nat. Ser. 2. 1844. Jan. p. 66. t. 6. f. 1-5.

Has. On decayed wood, Banks’ Peninsula, Raoul.

This species is fully described by Tulasne in the place quoted above. I have seen no specimens.

* Cyathus Colensoi, Berk.; condensatus, tenuis, papyraceus, estriatus, furfuraceo-sericeus, tunica spo-

rangiorum crassa, sporis minimis ovoideis.

Has. On the ground in Mr. Colenso’s garden.

Densely crowded, cyathiform, 4 of an inch high, pale dirty umber, thin and flexible, clothed with short, branny
pubescence, which does not, however, form distinct scales; even within, and brownish, without any trace of striæ.

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Fungi.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 193

Sporangia 1 line or more in diameter, irregular, brown; coat thick. Spores ovoid, scarcely ever attenuated, 4144
of an inch long. This species is allied to C. mierospermus, but has larger spores, and the habit of C. vernicosus.

Gen. XXXVII. CRUCIBULUM, Zulasne.

Peridium primum globosum, tandem crucibuliforme, et epiphragmate plano, concolore, furfuraceo,
cyathi marginibus extremis continuo clausum; textura fibroso-spongiosa, homogenea, nec e stratis parallele
oppositis distinctis constans, ore admodum nudo absque ulla corona limbari. Sporangia subtus spherula
tegumenti fibrosa contigua preedita.

There are but two species of this genus, one of which occurs all over Europe, the north of Africa, and in
North America. (Name from crucibulum, a crucible.)

1. Crucibulum vulgare, Tul. 7. c. p. 90.
Haz. On twigs, etc., Ahuriri, Ruamahanga, Colenso, Raoul ; Bay of Islands, J. D. H.
Another fine Crucibulum, which appears to be the same with a species from the Himalayas, to which I have

given the name of C. Emodense, was found on wood at Nelson (Mr. D. Monro). Unfortunately there are no spo-
rangia, so that I cannot speak positively about the species.

Gen. XXXVITI. LEPTOSTROMA, Fries.

Perithecium tenue, planum, demum circumscissum ; sporis minimis, sporophoris suffultis.

Obscure Fungi, consisting of depressed, irregular, or orbicular perithecia, which easily fall off, leaving behind
the thin lower half, which is perfectly adnate with the matrix. Exotic species have been little studied ; some are
probably merely the second form of certain Spherie. (Name from Aerrov, a mite, and orpwpa, a stratum.)

1. Leptostroma /itigiosum, Desm. Res. no. 1827.—Var. exasperatum.

Haz. On dead stems of ferns.

Some individuals exactly resemble the plant of Desmaziéres, while others are strongly granulated. In the
absence of fruit, it is best to consider the two as merely forms of the same species.

Gen. XXXIX. PHOMA, Fries.

Perithecia immersa, minuta, subglobosa. Spore minutissime, subelliptice, ut plurimum utrinque nu-
cleatze, sporophoris brevibus suffulte.

Black specks of extremely simple structure. Many of the species are undoubtedly merely spermogonia. (Name
from dopo, a pustule.)

l. Phoma /allaz, Berk.; peritheciis subglobosis fuscis supra translucidis, sporis oblongis subcymbi-
formibus hyalinis.

Has. On the fruit of Ripogonum parviflorum, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Consisting of scattered or crowded minute dots, black when dry, brown when moist, thin and transparent above,
80 as to appear like tiny discs. Spores oblong, subeymbiform, hyaline, 4-244 of an inch long.

2. Phoma acmelia, Berk.; epidermide brunneola tecta, peritheciis depressis, sporis variis oblongis
utrinque leviter attenuatis. (Tas. OVI. Fig. 10.)

Has. On the same leaf with Spheria acetabulum, of which perhaps it is only a form.

On both sides of the leaf, but especially on the upper; indicated by little brownish spots, which are darker in

the centre, or, when the cuticle is cracked over the perithecia, lighter. Perithecia depressed. Spores about 44... of
VOL. IL. 3D

194 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Fungi .

an inch long, oblong, slightly attenuated at either end, but by no means acute.—PrLATE CVI. Fig. 10. Spores of
Phoma acmella, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. XL. HENDERSONIA, Berk.

Perithecia subglobosa. Spore sporophoris suffultze, majores pluriseptatze.
Very pretty microscopical objects, of which doubtless a portion, like many Diplodia, are spermogonia. They

vary greatly in the nature of their spores; but those species only should be admitted which have many endochromes.
(Named after Mr. J. Henderson, the talented gardener of Earl Fitzwilliam.)

1. Hendersonia 2yalospora, Berk. ; peritheciis punctiformibus nitidis subastomis, sporis linearibus bre-
vibus hyalinis triseptatis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 8.)

Has. On bark of Olea, Tehawera, Colenso.

Forming minute specks, scattered over the bark. Perithecia black, shining, sometimes slightly papillate, but
generally without any trace of an ostiolum. Spores 3250 Of an inch long, linear, obtuse at either end, hyaline, tri-
septate. When out of the proper focus, the articulations seem divided into two or three smaller portions.—PLATE
OVI. Fig. 8. a. Spores of Hendersonia hyalospora, Berk., magnified 250 diameters. 6. Single spore, more highly
magnified.

Gen. XLI. ASCHERSONIA, Mont.

Stroma carnosum ; cellule peripheriez. Spore sporophoris oriunda», septatee 1. simplices.

Little, fleshy, yellowish, superficial Fungi, growing on living leaves, and exactly analogous to Hypocrea. (Named
after F. M. Ascherson, author of some valuable treatises on Fungi.)

* Aschersonia duplex, Berk. ; flava, rubiformis 1. simplex, cellulis majoribus minoribusque, sporis ob-
longis angustis.

Has. On leaves of Astelia, Colenso.

Stroma 4-1 line or more broad, convex, yellow, lobed like a raspberry; cells varying greatly in size. Spores

oblong, hyaline, 3355 of an inch long. Ostiolum umbilicate, or very obscure.—Occasionally the stroma is convex,
and not at all lobed or compound, in which case it contains only a single large cell; the lobes, on the contrary, often
contain several cells.

Gen. XLII. PHLYCT/ENA, Desm.

Perithecium spurium, convexum, ab epidermide nigrefacta formatum, poro pertusum. Nucleus gelati-
nosus. Sporophore brevissime. Spore curvate, elongate vel fusiformes, dein eject.

The spurious perithecium and elongated spores are the characteristics of this genus, which was proposed only
in 1847. (Name from ¿Auxrawa, a pustule.)

1. Phlycteena dissepta, Berk.; linea nigra geographica cincta, sporis tenuissimis elongatis filiformibus
apice curvis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 14.)
Haz. On the same stems with Pemplidium opacum.

Patches from a line to half an inch long,
variable in appearance, sometimes colourless, sometimes with a black line or speck in the centre, and sometimes sur-
rounded with a black line. Sporophores filiform; spores about «4 of an inch long, filiform, strongly curved at the
apex.—lt is possible that this may be the sporophorous form of the Pemphidium, but at present it would be prema-
ture to form any decided opinion on the subject.—Puare CVI. Fig. 14. Spores and sporophores of Phlyctena

dissepta, magnified 250 diameters.

surrounded by a flexuous, irregular black line; spots scattered, very

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 195

Gen. XLIII. PILIDIUM, Kee.

Perithecia primum lenta, subcollabentia. Spore lineares, curve, simplices, inarticulate, sporophoris
innate.

This genus is separated from Septoria, principally by its tough flat peritheciom. Though the habit is peculiar,
the separation is perhaps scarcely tenable, for all the species are not ruptured by lines radiating from the centre.
(Name from mıAıdıov, a little pileus.)

* Pilidium Coriarie, Berk. ; peritheciis subrigidis demum centro perforatis, sporis curvulis linearibus
utrinque subattenuatis.

Has. On dead leaves of Coriaria sarmentosa, Colenso.

Perithecia black, rather rigid, seldom collapsed, at length perforated. Spores linear, slightly curved, obscurely
attenuated at either end, 5; of an inch long.—The spores are one-third longer than in P. myrtinum, Mont., and
the rigid perithecia are also distinctive.

Gen. XLIV. PUCCINIA, P.

Spore in soros congestee, epidermidem rumpentes, e mycelio enatz, endochromatibus duobus replete.

The ravages committed by P. Graminis, or mildew, give this genus, which abounds in species, an unpleasant
notoriety. The species, doubtless, require reduction very much. They occur in all climates; P. Graminis, for
instance, is found wherever the more common cereals are cultivated, (Named after Thomas Puccini, a Professor
of Anatomy at Florence. Micheli’s Puccinia is not, however, the same genus, but synonymous with Podisoma.)

1. Puccinia compacta, Berk.; maculis orbicularibus pallidis, soris depressis solitariis congestisque,
sporis compactis oblongis argillaceis stipitibus longissimis.

Has. On the under surface of the leaves of Myosotis capitata, Southern Island, Lyall.

Spots orbicular, of various sizes, pale. Sori solitary, and then very large, but sometimes scattered or surrounded
with a ring of smaller sori, depressed, girt with the cuticle; mass of spores spongy, and extremely compact. Stems

long. Spores 345-735 of an inch long, elongated, subapiculate, often seated obliquely; nucleus distinct.—A very
distinct species, remarkable for its very compact mass of spores, which do not easily separate from the matrix.

* Puccinia Graminis, DC.

Has. On Triticum rigidum, with Ustilago bullata ; one or two sori only, Colenso.

Gen. XLV. UROMYCES, Zé.

Receptaculum e cellulis parvis, irregularibus, vix distinctis formatum. Spore simplices, pedicellate.

Léveillé has divided this large genus with considerable skill, one of the divisions of which is here adopted. The
species occur in all parts of the world. In Uredo the spores are never pedicellate, but spring from cells piled one
above another; and in Zrichobasis they are deciduous, leaving the receptacle bristling with the little stalks. (Name
from uro, to burn, and purns, a fungus, and if so, scarcely formed legitimately.)

1. Uromyces scariosa, Berk.; hypophylla, soris distinctis epidermide persistente cinctis, sporis obovatis
echinulatis pallescentibus, receptaculo prominulo.

Has. On leaves of Geranium potentilloides, and G. dissectum, Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Hypophyllous, scattered, distinct. Sori surrounded with the persistent cuticle. Receptacle prominent. Spores
obovate, minutely echinulate, pale when dry, 1, of an inch long.— Very distinct from Uromyces Geranii, which has
globose, darker spores, and a far less decided receptacle. The spores in the dried plant are evidently bleached, but
they probably were of a more or less brown tint.

à

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

Gen. XLVI. USTILAGO, 2A.

Receptaculum effusum, e cellulis minimis irregularibus compositum. Spore minores, simplices, pul-
veraces.

The species of this genus do not form in general distinct specks, as in most Uredines, but occupy the whole of
the part of the plant on which they grow, or, if sori are present, they are more or less elongated, and occur only in
Graminee. Almost all of them are very dusty and disagreeable to handle. The species are found in all climates.
(Name from ustus, burnt.)

1. Ustilago Candollei: var. a. Berkeleyana, Tulasne, Ann. des Sc. 1847. v. T. p. 94.

Has. On the inflorescence of Polygonum prostratum, Mangatawiri, near Waikato, Colenso.

2. Ustilago endotricha, Berk.; soris magnis circumfusis aterrimis ipso pedunculo oriundis, sporis
fibris crispis immixtis subglobosis levibus minutissime granulatis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 4.)

Has. On the peduncles of the panicles of Gahnia, Auckland, Sinclair.

Forming ellipsoidal bodies an inch long, arising from the peduncle, but leaving the central tissue nearly sound,
consisting of a mass of curled filaments, derived probably from the spiral vessels, but traversed by abundant mycelium,
from the threads of which, either terminally or otherwise, spring abundant spores, at first pyriform, with frequently
a distinct apiculus, and perfectly smooth, but gradually becoming darker and at length very minutely granulated,
extremely variable in size: some are less than 441,4 of an inch long, while others exceed 3,5. The abundant
mycelium of this species is very remarkable, as also the mode of origination of the spores. I have a closely allied
species on some Carex, allied to C. Indica, from Ceylon, in which the fibres are so abundant, that it looks like an
Elachistea—Puarz OVI. Fig. 4. Ustilago endotricha, natural size. a. Section of U. endotricha, showing the pale
axis, and radiating hairs, magnified. 6, c. Hairs, which consist of the tissues of the plant, and exhibit mycelium
and young spores, more highly magnified. d. A group of young spores, magnified 250 diameters. e, e. Spores sepa-
rated from the mycelium, magnified to the same degree.

3. Ustilago bullata, Berk.; soris bullatis rachidem glumasque deformantibus, sporis subglobosis
amplis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 12.)

Haz. On Triticum scabrum, Raoul, Colenso.

Forming bullate, black spots on the glumes, rachis, and other parts of the inflorescence, which are sometimes
greatly elongated. Spores subglobose, but irregular, even or only very obscurely rough, 445,4 of an inch in diameter ;
nucleus pale. A few vesicular threads are mixed with the spores, evidently arising from the altered tissue of the
matrix.—A very distinct species, with the habit of U. Pompholygodes. It is nearest perhaps to U. Salveii, but differs
in habit and in the even smaller spores, which have not the same tendency to become obovate. In U. Salveiz the
spores are about ¿7,7 of an inch long, and are evidently echinulate. Tulasne considers it only a form of U. carbo,
var. o. vulgaris — Para CY. Fig. 12. Ustilago bullata, natural size. a, Spores, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. XLVII. ACIDIUM, Gmel.

Spore concatenate, in soros congestæ, peridio membranaceo demum lacerato-aperto cincte.

A vast genus, distinguished by its beautiful membranous peridium, which sometimes acquires a considerable
length. The species are found principally in temperate regions. Some are very destructive to the plants on which
they grow. (Name from auktov, a wheal or stripe, and «dw, I resemble.)

1. Acidium Ranuneulacearum, DC., Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 97.

Haz. On leaves of Ranunculus rivularis, Esparaima, Colenso.

2. Alcidium monocystis, Berk.; peridiis solitariis magnis, margine irregular: subelongato, sporis pal-
lidis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 15.)

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 197

Haz. On the tips of the leaves of Forstera clavigera, Colenso.

Peridia large, solitary, seated near the tips of the leaves on the upper side, persistent, surrounded by a strong
wall arising from the tissues of the matrix, somewhat toothed and elongated. Spores pale, subglobose or slightly
oblong, 4i; of an inch long, pale orange. A very singular and well-marked species. —PLATE CV. Fig. 15. Zei-
dium monocystis, natural size. a, portion of peridium ; b, spores :—magnifted 250 diameters.

Gen. XLVIII. GYMNOSPORIUM, Corda.

Spore superficiales, conglobate, simplices; episporio glabro; stromate evoluto nullo.

Minute pulverulent Fungi, forming a thin stratum on vegetable substances. Some of the species approach to
Ustilago, but are distinguished by their free mode of growth. (Name from yupvos, naked, and oropa, seed.)

* Gymnosporium culmigenum, Berk. ; aterrimum, soriforme, sporis subglobosis, episporio tenul.
Has. On dead grasses, Colenso.

Soriform spots, a line or more long, half as much broad, deep black. Spores subglobose or subelliptic, +25
of an inch long.

Gen. XLIX. PILACRE, Fries.

Peridium capitatum ; supra membranaceum, tenerrimum, fatiscens. Spore subglobose, in strato
supero peripherico coacervatee.

This genus has just the habit of Onygena, but the fructification is very different. The morphosis is rather that
of Isaria than of the Trichogastres, and therefore it is placed here in Hyphomycetes, rather than in Gasteromycetes.
(Name from idos, a hat, and axpov, the top of anything.)

1. Pilacre divisa, Berk.; capitulo globoso argillaceo, stipite diviso fusco, floccis rectis.
Has. On bark, Colenso.

Stem 2-3 lines high, compressed below, and somewhat creeping, subfasciculate, brown, paler, and tomentose
when young, forked above. Heads globose, argillaceous. Spores subglobose, 5 of an inch long, sometimes
elliptic; endochrome distinct.—Allied to P. faginea, but more dingy in colour, and branched; the flocci also are less
flexuous.

Gen. L. STILBUM, Tode.

Stipes solidus, contiguus, capitulo gelatinoso-flexili terminatus. Spore minute. Capitulum. facile
deciduum.

Atractium is distinguished from this genus by its fusiform, septate spores. If habit alone were considered, the
two genera ought certainly to be combined; but as there is no reason to believe that the subglobose spores are in
any case merely accessory, it seems imperative to keep the two distinct. Two or three highly-coloured species
abound in the tropics, and occasionally occur in more temperate regions; most of the species however are extra-tro-
pical, (Name from orn, brilliancy.)

1. Stilbum Jateritium, Berk. in Ann. of Nat. Hist. v. 4. p. 291. t. Safe ee

Has. On dead branches still covered with the bark, Middle Island, Lyall, Bidwill.

In Mr. Colenso’s collections there is a Fungus exactly resembling the scattered shields of some Biatora; there
is however no trace of crust, neither does the disc contain asci. The absence of spores forbids its being united to
Tubercularia. It is probable that its true place is with neither of these genera, but that it is a Corticium, allied
to C. polygonium.

Gen. LI. EPICOCCUM, ZA.

Receptaculum cellulosum, pulvinatum, raro basi fibrillosum. Spore magne, subglobosee, peripherice.
VOL. II. 3E

A

198 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Puagi.

The species of this genus form little raised specks, often surrounded by a coloured halo. The spores, which
are sometimes compound, spring from the surface of the cellular receptacle, so as to give the appearance of pins
stuck into a cushion. All the species hitherto discovered are found in temperate climates. (Name from emu, upon,
and kokkos, a grain.)

1. Epicoccum pallescens, Berk.; primum epidermide tectum, sporidochio depresso cervino-fusco
margine radiante brevi fibrilloso, sporis subturbinatis cellulosis pallidis breviter pedicellatis. (Tan. CV.
Fig. 14.)

Has. On dead leaves of Harine, Tararua, Colenso.

Forming minute fawn-coloured specks, which are at first closely covered by the epidermis. Sporidochia con-
sisting of two or three strata, each projecting beyond the other, the lowest forming a fimbriated margin. Spores
pale fawn-coloured, turbinate, cellulose, supported by a short hyaline peduncle, each containing a distinct nucleus.—
Differing from all the other species, in its being produced beneath the cuticle, the nature of its sporidochium, and the
pale spores.—PrATE CV. Fig. 14. Epicoccum pallescens, natural size. a. Ditto, magnified. b, young spores;
c, mature spores :—magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. LIL. (EDEMIUM, ZA.

Flocci rigidi, opaci, ad latera protrudentes sporas magnas globosas ut plurimum reticulatas.

The species of this genus have the appearance of black felt. It is distinguished from other genera of a similar `

habit, by its large lateral spores, which resemble the fruit of Antennaria. Indeed if these bodies be regarded as
compound, the genera should be placed together; but as the point is uncertain, I leave the genus where it is placed
by Fries. (Name from onpa, a swelling.)

1. (Edemium robustum, Berk. ; floccis rigidissimis erectis sursum ramosis, ramis sepe incurvis sub-
moniliformibus.

Has. On bark of Hedycarya, Corynocarpus laevigata, ete., East Coast, near Bare Island, Colenso.

Forming a black, shaggy stratum, consisting of thick (44, of an inch), erect bristles, which bear above a few
slightly divided curved branches, paler than the stem, and whose articulations are more or less swollen. The base
of the flocei is often rough with a few creeping threads. Sporangia subglobose.—This, like other species of the
genus, is not well defined, in consequence of the difficulty of meeting with specimens in perfection. It is, however,
remarkable for its thick threads and mostly incurved branches, which will make it easy to recognize, and perhaps
may cause the transmission of better specimens. Its threads have frequently the vinous tint which is so remarkable
in other species. Sometimes they are divided dichotomously above, two or three times, before they bear the paler

curved ramuli,

Gen. LIII. MACROSPORIUM, Fries.

Spore erecte, stipitate, multiseptatee, opacee, e floccis tenellis demum evanescentibus oriunde.

The habit is almost that of Cladosporium, but the flocci are altogether subordinate, almost the whole plant con-
sisting of large, more or less clavate, multiseptate spores. Exotic forms have at present been little studied. (Name
from paxpos, long, and orepw, I sow.)

1. Macrosporium obtusum, Berk. ; sporis brevibus pauci-articulatis obtusis, nucleis magnis.

Haz. On the ostiola of Hypoxylon tuberiforme.

Forming a thin olivaceous coat on the prominent ostiola. Flocci obsolete. Spores 745 of an inch long, clavate,
very obtuse, 4—5-articulate, with a large globose nucleus in each endochrome.—This species comes the nearest to M.
punctiforme, Berk., but the articulations are more regular, without any vertical or oblique septa.

Fungi.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 199

Gen. LIV. SEPEDONIUM, Z4.

Flocei Veneri. Spore apicales magne, globose. Mucedines fungis putrescentibus enate.

The fleshy Fungi, especially Boleti, are often destroyed by the species of this genus, their substance being
completely traversed by the mycelium, which produces myriads of spores externally. The mycelium is extremely
abundant, and sometimes forms a sort of floccose veil to the mass of fruit. (Name from oyropat, to corrupt; in
allusion to their place of growth.)

1. Sepedonium chrysospermum, Fr. Syst. Myc. v. 8. p. 488.

Has. On a decayed Boletus, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

The Boletus is in so bad a condition, in consequence of the ravages of the parasite, that I cannot determine it.
The spores are short, and indicate the group to which B. bovinus belongs; but while in that species they do not exceed
3300 in this they are about 3235 of an inch long.

Gen. LVI. GEOGLOSSUM, Pers.

Carnosum, simplex, claveeforme, stipitatum. Hymenium clavam ambiens. Asci elongati.

Fungi with the habit of the simple Olavarie, or rather of some species of Hypowylon. They are in fact inverted
Pezize, with the under surface of the cup entirely obliterated. They are, altogether, plants of mild regions, as far
as is at present known. (Name from yn, the earth, and yAwoon, a tongue.)

l. Geoglossum hirsutum, Pers.

Has. On the ground, Colenso.

Gen. LVI. PEZIZA, Dill.

Receptaculum carnosum vel subcarnosum, marginatum, cupuleforme, primo subclausum, mox expan-
sum. Hymenium persistens. Asci ampli, distincti, fixi, sporas elastice ejiciendas includentes, paraphysi-
bus immixtis.

À. vast genus, occurring in every sort of situation and in every climate, but more especially in temperate regions.
The cup-shaped receptacle, which is of a more or less fleshy nature, makes them in general easily recognized. Oyphella
is known by its naked spores. Other Fungi of similar habit, but approaching Lichens and Spheria, are comprised
in separate genera. (Name from Pezica, a term used by Pliny for stemless Fungi.)

l. Peziza miltina, Berk.; cupula applanata coccinea margine tantum subtus pallidiore libera, ascis
linearibus, sporidiis globosis.

Haz. On the bare ground, amongst moss, on hills, Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Cup depressed, expanded, 4 of an inch or more across, rather irregular, crimson, fixed to the soil by the whole
under surface, with the exception of the margin, which is paler beneath. Asci linear; sporidia globose, 4-25; of an
inch in diameter; nucleus single.—Resembling in general habit and colour P. rutilans, but that has elliptic sporidia,
with two nuclei, unless indeed the little orange Peziza, which is so common on mud walls, be confounded with that
species. The spores are larger than in the closely allied P. endocarpoides. P. spheroplea, Berk. et Curt., has similar
spores, but evidently differs in its articulate flocci.

2. Peziza endocarpoides, Berk. ; cupula irregulari concava vel demum convexa expansa spadicea sessili,
sporidiis globosis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 8.)

Has. On the ground amongst moss and fern, Mission Station, Colenso.

Cup $ of an inch across, sessile, but fixed by a central floccose mass, with the margin free, concave, but at
length convex and expanded, so as to resemble a little Endocarpon, obscurely floccose externally. 4sei cylindrical,

R
200 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

containing eight globose sporidia, with a single large nucleus in each.—A. curious species, resembling in its fructifi-
cation P. spheroplea. Its nearest allies are such species as P.rutilans.—PLATE CV. Fig. 8. a. Ascus of Peziza
endocarpoides, Berk., with its sporidia magnified. 6. Single sporidium, magnified 250 diameters.

3. Peziza rhytidia, Berk.; fuliginea, cupula subsessili hemispheerica incisa extus subtiliter innato-
fibrillosa undato-rugosa, carne olivacea, hymenio polito, sporidiis oblongo-ellipticis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 6.)
Has. On the ground, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Banks of Kawatau in the interior, Colenso.

An inch or more in diameter, fuliginous. Cup subhemispherical, nearly sessile, deeply incised ; margin narrow,
inflected ; external coat distinctly wrinkled, consisting of netted, brownish, innate fibres, to which succeeds a greenish
stratum consisting of delicate threads, then a more compact layer, to which finally succeeds a thin paler stratum,
from which the elongated asci and slender paraphyses immediately spring, the whole somewhat resembling the sec-
tion given by Persoon of P. purpurascens, in ‘Mycologia Europea.’ Sporidia oblong, elliptic, subeymbiform, 33575
of an inch long.—Allied to P. fuliginea and P. purpurescens, but artificially referable to the subgenus Encelia, on
account of its innate fibrous outer coat; besides which it is evidently rather tough when fresh. It is fixed to the
ground by a few dark penetrating threads. It may be observed that P. craterium, Schweinitz, to which it has some
apparent affinity, differs in the structure of the hymenium.—Puare CV. Fig. 6. a, a. Peziza rhytidia, Berk., na-
tural size. b. Section, slightly magnified. c. Portion of outer coat, more highly magnified. d. Asci and paraphyses.

e. Sporidium, magnified 250 diameters.

* Peziza campylospora, Berk.; fuliginea, cupula breviter stipitata obliqua extus rugosa subtiliter
fibrillosa, carne albida, sporidiis majoribus oblongis curvatis.

Has. On decayed wood, Colenso.

Cup above an inch across, oblique, lobed, wrinkled externally, and clothed with inconspicuous myceloid flocci.
Stem short, wrinkled. Hymenium fuliginous, like the cup tinged with vinous-red; substance nearly white, com-
posed of intricate threads. sci linear. Sporidia oblong, strongly curved, 745 of an inch long; paraphyses slender,
very slightly incrassated above.—Allied to the last, but distinguished at once by the larger curved sporidia, its dif-
ferent habitat, etc.

4. Peziza stercorea, Vr. Syst. v. 2. p. 87.

Haz. On horse-dung, Colenso.

5. Peziza Kerguelensis, Berk. in Hook. Ant. Voy. Crypt. p. 145. €. 164. f. 3.

Has. On the ground, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

The specimens differ from those from Kerguelen’s Land in their shorter, inarticulate hairs, but I see no other
distinction. In both the sporidia are broadly elliptic.

6. Peziza calycina, Fr. Syst. v. 9. p. 91.

Haz. On dead twigs of Dacrydium Colensoi, Sinclair.

7. Peziza Colensoi, Berk.; pallide alutacea, cupula infundibuliformi breviter stipitata basi plicata sur-
sum margine inflexo subtiliter tomentosa, (Tas. CV. Fig. 5.)

Has. On dead sticks, near the River Manawatu, Colenso.

About one-third of an inch in diameter, pale tan-coloured, infundibuliform, with a short, thick stem, fixed by
an orbicular disc, plicate at the base, very minutely downy above and on the margin, but by no means ciliated.
Hymenium even. Asci nearly equal; paraphyses filiform; sporidia about 357 of an inch in diameter, oblong,
elliptic, or subfusiform ; endochrome retracted into from two to four bodies, but not truly septate.—Allied to P.
Afzelii, with which it agrees in size, but distinguished by the absence of all cilia at the edge-—Puarn CV. Fig. 5.

Peziza Colensoi, Berk., natural size. a. Asci and paraphyses, magnified. 6. Sporidia, magnified 250 diameters. c.

Sporidia, more highly magnified.

oo toner

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|
|

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 201

8. Peziza chrysotricha, Berk.; cupula sessili primum globosa demum subhemispherica aurea floccis
innatis intricatis vestita subpulverulenta, sporidiis brevibus cymbiformibus. (Tas. CV. Fig. 7.)

Has. On twigs on the shores of Waikare Lake, Colenso.

About a line across. Cups bright golden-yellow, at first globose, then subhemispherical, sometimes with a
slight membranous edge, thickly clothed with short, matted hairs, somewhat pulverulent. Zymenium closed when
dry, seated on a stratum of large, but unequally-sized cells. Asci cylindrical, rather large; sporidia cymbiform,
slightly attenuated at either end, 4,15; of an inch long.—A remarkably beautiful species.— PrATE OV. Fig. 7.
Peziza chrysotricha, natural size. a, hairs; 6, external cells; c, ascus and paraphyses :—magnified. d. Sporidia,
magnified 250 diameters.

* Peziza montiacola, Berk. ; atra, expansa, margine angusto, ascis clavatis amplis, sporidiis subcymbe-
formibus endochromate partito.

Has. On decaying Montia fontana. Ahuriri, Eastern Coast, Colenso.

Minute, black, soon expanded, with a narrow margin, sometimes flexuose. Asci clavate, large; sporidia sub-
cymbiform ; endochrome bipartite; paraphyses linear, much longer than the asci.—Allied to P. atrata, but appa-
rently distinct from all its forms.

Gen. LVII. PATELLARIA, Fries.

Jieceptaculum, marginatum, patelleeforme, semper apertum. Hymenium leve, persistens, sed ex apici-
bus ascorum aere adustis pulverulentum.

The more persistent cups and the pulverulent hymenium, like that of many Lichens, the tips of whose asci are
often rough, with little amorphous granules, distinguish this genus from Peziza. I do not find the asci connate,
nor are paraphyses wanting. Most of the species are found exclusively in the temperate zones, but P. nigro-cinna-
barina, Schwein., which occurs in the warmer parts of the United States and Surinam, occurs also in New Zealand.
(Name from patella, a saucer.)

l. Patellaria nögro-cinnabarina, Schwein.! Syn. no. 1959.

Ha». On dead branches, Colenso.

Exactly the North American species, which is remarkable for its vermilion-coloured hymenium. The sporidia
resemble those of Hysterium elevatum, P.

2. Patellaria atrata, Fr. Syst. v. 2. p. 160.

Has. On dead bark, Colenso.

Specimens from different parts of the world vary a little in the shape and length of the spores, and the more

or less flexuous cups, but all agree in essential characters. The New Zealand specimens are seated on a white crust,
which is clearly extraneous,

Gen. LVIII. CENANGIUM, Fries.

Receptaculum subcoriaceum. Hymenium leve, persistens. Cupula clausa, sero aperta.

Resembling Peziza in outward form, but of a firmer, tougher texture, and peculiar habit. (Name from kevos,
empty, and ayyeıov, a receptacle.)

* Cenangium Colensoi, Berk.; sparsum, primitus oblongum, demum orbiculari-expansum, fuscum,
hymenio pallido subcarneo, sporidiis minutis elliptico-subcymbiformibus.

Has. On dead leaves, apparently of Phormium, Colenso.

Scattered, at first covered with the cuticle, at length expanded, externally brown; disc pale, faintly tinged with
pink. sei oblong. Sporidia elliptic, subeymbiform, hyaline, „5, of an inch long.

VOL. II. 3r

202 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Fungi.

Gen. LIX. EXCIPULA, Fries.

Perithecia carbonacea, sphærica, libera, primo clausa, dein aperta; ore orbiculari, integro; nucleo nudo,
gelatinoso, turgido. Asci perfecti.

Very near to Phacidium, but distinguished by its regular, not laciniate orifice. I consider the genus as com-
prising only species with perfect asci. No tropical form is known. (Name from ewcipula, a receptacle.)

1. Excipula nigro-rufa, Berk.; minuta, subglobosa, ore inflexo, extus nigra, intus rufa, ascis amplis,
sporidiis hyalinis obovato-oblongis obliquis subquadriseptatis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 11.)

Haz. On the under side of leaves of Pittosporum erassifolium, near the River Te Waiohingaanga,
Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Having much the appearance of a large Erysiphe buried in the pubescence of the leaf. Cups subglobose, exter-
nally black, margin reflexed. Hymenium rufous. Asci clavate, obtuse. Sporidia hyaline, obovate-oblong, obtuse,
subeymbiform, with about four transverse septa, and occasionally an oblique one in the upper division.—Piats CVI.
Fig. 7. a. Asci of Excipula nigro-rufa, Berk., with sporidia, magnified. 6. Sporidia, magnified 250 diameters.
c. Sporidia, more highly magnified.

* Excipula gregaria, Berk.; minuta, extus nigra, maculw fusce inspersa, hymenio pallido, ascis am-
plis clavatis, sporidiis obovato-oblongis, endochromate demum bipartito.

Haz. On the upper side of the living leaves of some Gnaphalium, Colenso.

Crowded upon a brownish spot, often following the direction of the main nerves, minute; cups black exter-
nally; disc pale. Asci clavate, rather thick. Sporidia obovate-oblong, zzo of an inch long. Endochrome at
length obscurely bipartite.

Gen. LX. CORDYCEPS, ies.

Stroma elevatum, carnosum, sepius stipitatum, letius coloratum. Perithecia peripherica, tenera.
Sporidia longissima ; endochromata plurima, ut plurimum dissilientia.

One of the most interesting genera of Fungi, most of whose species grow from caterpillars or pups, which, it is
probable, are often destroyed by the mycelium ; and a few minute species are the perfect development of the different
kinds of ergot. Several species occur in the warmer parts of North America, and they are not wanting in the tropics.
(Name from kopdvAy, a club.)

1. Cordyceps Robertsiz, Hook. Jc. Spheria Hügelii, Corda, Ic. fase. ^.

Has. On larve of Hepialus virescens ; mostly under tree-ferns, in spring. Common.

One of the most remarkable of the Entomogenous Fungi, which exists in almost every collection of singular
natural productions. The species is admirably figured by Corda, in almost all its details. As in most allied species,
the perithecia vary greatly as to the degree in which they are immersed. Some general information on the Fungus
will be found in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. ii. p. 209, where several other insect Spheriz are described.

Gen. LXI. HYPOCREA, Fries.

Stroma horizontale, carnosum vel subgelatinosum, ut plurimum letius coloratum. Perithecia tenera ;
sporidia indefinita.

The fleshy or gelatinous substance, the brighter colour (which however varies to olive and dark green), and
indefinite sporidia, are the distinctive marks of this genus, which cannot be confounded with Hypoxylon. Little is
at present known of extra-European species, with the exception of a few from North America, and a very fine one
which occurs in Sikkim and Java. (Name from ùro, beneath, and kpeas, flesh.)

1. Hypocrea gelatinosa, Fries. Spheria gelatinosa, Tode.

Has. On decorticated wood, Colenso.

cerco

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Fungi. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 203
Lg

Gen. LXII. NECTRIA, Fries.

Perithecia libera vel mycelio insidentia, tenera, leete colorata, verticalia. Sporidia ut plurimum octona,
translucida.

This genus bears the same relation to Hypocrea that Spheria does to Hypoxylon. Many of the species are very
pretty; a few only are tropical. Occasionally, as in N. cinnabarina, the perithecia have a thick coat, but in general
they are very delicate. (Name from vyxzpis, a swimmer, in allusion to the fluxile contents of the perithecia.)

1. Nectria polythalama, Berk.; ceespitosa, peritheciis ovatis subglobosisve apice umbilicatis depressisve
coccineis, umbilico obscuro, sporidiis multiseptatis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 15.)
Haz. On dead bark, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Ceespitose, dull scarlet. Perithecia ovate, umbilicate at the apex, or depressed, the depression being darker
than the rest of the surface, which is of a dull scarlet, inclining sometimes to orange. Sporidia about 445,4 of an
inch long, but very variable, oblong, multiseptate.—Resembling N. cucurbitula, but with very different fruit. I have
not seen perfect asci.—PLaTE CVI. Fig. 15. Sporidia of Nectria polythalama, magnified 250 diameters.

2. Nectria ¿Zludens, Berk. ; sparsa, globosa, cellulis hic illic conglomeratis, rugosa, ochracea cinnabari-
naque, apice collapso umbilicata, sporis ellipticis uniseptatis amplis.
Haz. On bark, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Scattered, or slightly crowded, but not cespitose, globose, bright yellow-ochre, or cinnabar, rough with little
warts, which are composed of large cells, dimpled at the apex. Sporidia elliptic, subeymbiform, 44144 of an inch
long, 2 as much broad.—This has some resemblance to N. ochracea and cinnabarina, if the two are really distinct,
but may be known by the larger size, the more ample cells of which the warts are composed, and the far larger and
broader sporidia. In different specimens of 8. cinnabarina, they vary from 355 to 355 of an inch long. I have
an authentic specimen of Dr. Greville's S. ochracea, which is very different from that before us, but unfortunately
the fructification is immature. The cells of the warts are, however, far smaller, and resemble those of N. cinnabarina.
I have no specimen of Dr. Montagne’s plant from Chili; but were there so striking a difference in the size and form
of the sporidia, he could not have failed to point it out. They resemble, indeed, those of N. discophora, as figured
in the ‘Flora Chilena.”

Gen. LXII. XYLARIA, Fries.

Stroma clavatum, subsuberosum, demum ut plurimum friabile, nigrum. Stipes sæpe distinctus. Peri-
thecia peripherica; sporidia octona.

This genus contains a vast quantity of species, many of which are the ornaments of the tropical forests, in which
especially they abound. A few only are found in more temperate regions, but some of these, as Xylaria Hypoaylon,
Occur very frequently. All the species grow on vegetable substances, or the dung of graminivorous animals. (Name
from £vXov, wood.)

1. Xylaria Hypoxylon, Fries. Spheeria Hypoxylon, Zr.
Has. On dead wood, River Manawatu, etc., Colenso.

2. Xylaria multiples, Kze.

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

Exaetly the Juan Fernandez species, except that the stem is clothed with brown hairs. Having no authentic
specimen of Kunze's plant, I depend upon my friend Dr. Montagne for the right determination of the species. I
find the sporidia about 44155 of an inch long, as also in Dr. Montagne's plant. In both, the perithecia are nearly
globose, with ostiola scarcely visible externally.

204 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Fungi.

3. Xylaria anisoplewron, Mont. Ann. des Se. Nat. Ser. 2. v. 13. p. 348.

Has. On dead wood, River Manawatu, Colenso.

The specimens are young, and at present without perithecia, but the general form is just that of Dr. Montagne’s
species, from Cayenne, who half suspects that it may be only a form of X. polymorpha.

4, Xylaria castorea, Berk.; stipite brevi primum spongioso-velutino demum nudo rugoso, clavula
obtusa ovata vel subelliptica valde compressa minutissime areolata, ostiolis prominulis punctato-aspera.
(Tas. CV. Fig. 10.)

Has. On dead wood, Colenso.

Stem about + of an inch high, at first clothed with spongy down, then naked, longitudinally wrinkled; head
ovate, or subelliptic, strongly compressed, obtuse, about 1 inch long, and 4—4 broad, sometimes giving off a second
head at the base, minutely areolate, dotted with the slightly prominent ostiola. Asci slender; sporidia subelliptic,
zv of an inch long.—A very distinct species, resembling most X. lingua, Lév. True X. polymorpha has the spo-
ridia about „5 of an inch long. The name indicates the resemblance of the head to a beaver's tail.—PrATE CV.
Fig. 10. Xylaria castorea, natural size. a. Asci and paraphyses, magnified. 6. Sporidia, magnified 250 diameters.

5. Xylaria tuberiformis, Berk. ; suberosa, subglobosa, pileiformis, stipite brevissimo 1. obsoleto, ostiolis
prominentibus, sporidiis magnis. (Tas. CV. Fig. 11.)

Haz. On dead wood, near the River Manawatu, Colenso.

Sessile or shortly stipitate, subglobose, 4-3 of an inch in diameter, pileiform ; cuticle minutely cracked, and
rough with little points, not laccate; white and corky within. Perithecia elliptic. Ostiola large, prominent. Sporidia
eymbiform, yeso of an inch long.—Resembling X. pilgformis, Berk. et Curt., but without its laccate coat, and
having far larger ostiola and sporidia. Its nearer affinities are with X. anisopleuron, Mont., and X. polymorpha ; at
first sight it looks like a small Truffle.—PraArs CV. Fig. ll. Xylaria tuberiformis, natural size; a, sporidia; 6,

Macrosporium obtusum, from ostiola :—magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. LXIV. HYPOXYLON, Bull.

Stroma liberum, friabile, horizontale, nigrum. Perithecia peripherica. Asci perfecti; sporidia octona.

The horizontal stroma distinguishes this genus from Xylaria. Spheria vernicosa is, however, almost interme-
diate. All the species are of more or less interest, and several occur in the tropics; they are quite distinct from the
matrix, and therefore need not be confounded with the species of Diatrype. (Name from vo, and €vAov, wood.)

1. Hypoxylon concentricum, Fries. Spheeria concentrica, Bolt.

Has. On dead wood, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.; River Manawatu, etc., Colenso.

2. Hypoxylon annulatum, Mont. Flora Chilena, p. 445. t. 10. J-a

Has. On dead bark.

The New Zealand specimens are accompanied by a thick, abundant, clothy mycelium, consisting of closely-inter-
woven threads, very much branched, whose ultimate ramuli are alternate, and zigzag, with frequently bifid, spinu-

lose apices, resembling, on a small scale, the flocci of a Mycenastrum.

Gen. LXV. DIATRYPE, Fries.

Stroma horizontale, erumpens, cortice subconnatum. Perithecia collo longiusculo preedita.
being more or less confluent with the matrix, and
The tropical species, which are nume-

The Fungi of this group are known from Hypoaylon, by their
therefore approximating more to the type of such Lichens as Trypethelium.
rous, exhibit usually a distinct habit, and differ from those of the temperate zones. (Name from dia, through, and

pura, a perforation.)

—

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gem

Lungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 205

1. Diatrype glomeraria, Berk.; erumpens, angulata vel confluenti-elongata, stromate parco pallido,
peritheciis ovatis, collo brevi ostioli obscuro, sporidiis octonis curvis majoribus. (Tas. OVI. Fig. 13.)
Has. On smooth branches of Rhipogonum parviflorum, Titiocura, Colenso.

Pustules thickly scattered, often connected by a thin, brown stratum, angular or elongated from the confluence
of two or more individuals, erumpent, but closely adherent to the cuticle, black, opaque, scarcely 4 a line long; disc
minutely scabrous; stroma pale; perithecia crowded, resting on the matrix, ovate, subglobose, with a short neck,
and scarcely traceable ostiola. 4sci evanescent, containing eight, linear, obtuse, curved sporidia, 4, of an inch
long.—Closely allied to D. verrucaformis, from which it differs principally in its smaller and more free pustules, more
obscure ostiola, and much larger sporidia. Those of D. verrucaformis are about 4355 of an inch long. This species
may also be compared with S. smilacicola, Schwein., which is, however, smoother, and has frequently a dilated, crenate,
barren border at the base. The authentic specimens unfortunately are without fruit, so that I cannot compare the
two in this respect. That species moreover is quite free, and therefore is a true Hypoxylon—Puats CVI. Fig. 13.
a. Ascus of Diatrype glomeraria, with its sporidia, magnified. b. Sporidia, magnified 250 diameters.

* Diatrype data, Fr. Spheeria lata, P.
Has. On dead sticks, Colenso.

Gen. LXVI. SPHARIA, Hall.

Stroma nullum vel spurium, myceloideum. Perithecia varia, firma, verticalia, nigra vel fuliginea, sepe
corticata. Asci perfecti; sporidia ut plurimum octona.

This comprises all such species as are either simple or merely connected by mycelium, which does not form a
regular stroma in which the perithecia are immersed. The species are very numerous, occurring in all countries and
situations, even at some depth in salt water, or on the rejectamenta of the tide. (Name from odaıpa, a sphere.)

1. Spheeria (Ceespitosee) fragilis, Berk. ; peritheciis congestis fragilissimis nigro-fuscis obtusis opacis mi-
nimis, sporidiis hyalinis breviter subfusiformibus uniseptatis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 7.)

Haz. On the under side of the leaves of Hurybia furfuracea, Colenso.

Forming little scattered clusters of brownish, opaque, obtuse, extremely brittle perithecia, insomuch that they
break off while still filled with the white mass of fructification. Ostiolum obsolete. Sporidia varying from 1000”
Toso Of an inch in length, shortly fusiform, often broader at one end, uniseptate, hyaline.— This species has the
habit of $, pulicaris, but is totally different. There is not the slightest tinge of blue, as in that species. —PLATE
OVI. Fig. 7. Sporidia of Spheria fragilis, magnified 250 diameters.

2. Sphaeria (Cespitose) pullulans, Berk.; peritheciis aggregatis subglobosis astomis vel ore leviter
prominulo opacis, ascis subcylindricis, sporidiis oblongis utrinque attenuatis curvulis uniseptatis.

Has. On leaves of Leucopogon Fraseri, principally on the under surface, Mission Station, Colenso.
(Taz. CVI. Fig. 6.)

Forming little specks on the leaves, consisting of a few crowded, subglobose, opaque, dark brown perithecia,
without any trace of blue, either altogether destitute of any distinct orifice, or with a slight papilleform prominence.
sci subeylindrie; sporidia composed of two opposed cones, about q35g of an inch long.—PraATE CVI. Fig. 6.
2. Asci of Spheria pullulans, magnified. b. Sporidia, magnified 250 diameters.

3. Spheeria (Cæspitosæ) rasa, Berk.; conferta, peritheciis oblongis apice convexo obtuso liberis, os-
tiolo punctiformi, superficie opaca quasi rasa, ascis farctis, sporidiis curvulis.

Haz. On dead decorticated Ve einmannia, head of the River Manawatu, Colenso.

Forming little round neat clusters. Perithecia oblong, crowded together below, free above, and convex, not
collapsing, pierced with a minute orifice, opaque, as if minutely downy, but in reality rough from the projecting dis-
sepiments of the external cells, as if they had been shaved off. sci cylindrical, slightly attenuated below, con-

VOL. II. 36

206 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Pungi.

taining multitudes of curved sporidia 5757 of an inch long.—A very distinct species, well characterized by its peculiar

surface and fructification.—PrATE CVI. Fig. 5. a. Ascus of Spheria rasa, filled with sporidia, magnified. b. Spo-
ridia, magnified 250 diameters. c. Portion of the cellular tissue of the outer coat, magnified, to show the open cells.

* Sphaeria (Ceespitosee) Saubinetii, Mont. et Durieu, F7. Aly. p. 419.
Haz. On dead leaves of some Monocotyledon, Colenso.

Perithecia solitary, or slightly aggregate. Sporidia +55 of an inch long, as in authentic specimens from
Algiers.

* Spheeria (Ceespitosee) pulicaris, P.

Haz. On dead sticks, Colenso.

Perithecia crowded, more minute. Sporidia 74,5 of an inch long.

4. Spheeria (Obtectee) Zivida, Fr. Syst. v. 2. p. 419.
Has. On dead, bleached twigs.

The perithecia are irregular, and the sporidia 441-5 of an inch in diameter; they have a pale spot at each end
of the endochrome, and do not agree exactly with any of the forms figured by Montagne in the ‘Flora of Algiers,’ all
of which I have verified. I have great doubts about the stability of the two species there separated from 8. livida,

with which the plant from New Zealand has about an equal right to be considered a species.

5. Spheeria (Caulicole) coffeata, Berk.; tecta, peritheciis subglobosis epidermide tosta designatis,
ascis cylindricis, sporidüs filiformibus. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 3.)

Has. On sheaths of Grasses, Colenso.

Perithecia scattered, subglobose, indicated by little brown, shining, convex specks in the cuticle. 4sei cylindri-
cal. Spores filiform, elongated.—Resembling externally S. pheosticta, but differing very much in fructification,
which is like that of S. euerypta.—Pıarz CVI. Fig. 3. Portion of ascus and sporidia of Spheria coffeata, magnified.

6. Sphaeria herbarum, P.

Haz. On the sheaths of Grass-leaves, Colenso.

Quite concealed beneath the cuticle, but agrecing exactly in fruit, especially with that form of the species
noticed under the name of $. herbarum, var. glumarum, Ann. of Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 378. There is a second form, with
immature sporidia, which I refer to this species, which has a peculiar appearance, from the cuticle being so closely
applied to the sides of the perithecia as to give the centre, where it is free, a white sclerotioid aspect. Without
mature sporidia it is impossible to say whether it is a distinct species or not, —

7. Spheeria (Foliicolee) acetabulum, Berk.; hypo- et epiphylla, peritheciis tectis depressis subirregu-
laribus omnino astomis supra collapsis subtus convexis, ascis oblongis attenuato-truncatis. (Tas. CVI.
Fig. 2.)

Haz. On dead leaves of Corynocarpus levigata, Te Apiti, Colenso.

Minute, black, covered by the cuticle. Perithecia slightly irregular, depressed, convex below, concave above,
adnate with the cuticle in the centre, but without any trace of an orifice. .4sci oblong, attenuated above, and
truncate. Sporidia oblong (immature). I have in vain hunted for mature sporidia ; there can be no doubt, however,
that the species is undescribed.—This grows with Phoma acmella, which is possibly the spermatogonous form of the
species.—PrATE CVI. Fig. 2. Asci and immature sporidia of Spheria acetabulum, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. LX VII. DOTHIDEA, Fries.

Perithecia spuria, 1. cellule in stromate plus minus immerse, demum ore simplici apertee. Asci per-
fecti.

en ce

coin

a

Pungi.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 207

A genus abounding in species, comprising such Spherie as are destitute of true perithecia. (Name from dodınv,
a tubercle, and. eos, resemblance.)

* Dothidea Rabesia, Fr. Syst. v. 2. p. 550.

Haz. On Gooseberry twigs, Colenso.

* Dothidea filicina, Mont. MSS.

Haz. On the under side of Fern-leaves, Colenso.

Dr. Montagne’s specimens are from Otaheite, on some species of Adiantum; and a form occurs in Ceylon, of
which a description will shortly appear in the ‘London Journal of Botany. In that the asci are short, obovate,
and the sporidia obovate, uniseptate, 4354 of an inch long. I have seen no fruit in the New Zealand specimens,

but they have the same brittle stroma and Rhytismoid aspect.

* Dothidea Colensoi, Berk.; orbicularis, utrinque fertilis, cellulis minutissimis.
Haz. On decaying leaves, Colenso.

Orbicular, about one line broad, pitch-black, minutely granulated, fertile on either side. Cells minute, white
within.—I have not seen perfect fruit, but it is a very distinct species.

Gen. LXVIII. PEMPHIDIUM, Mont.

Perithecia spuria, convexa, scutiformia, atra, ab epidermide nigrefacta formata, apice papillula, interdum
bilabellata, coronata vel astoma. Nucleus gelatinosus. Asci perfecti; sporidia elongata.

The spurious perithecia separate this genus from its neighbours. The habit is very peculiar. It is analogous
to Phiyctena. Only two species are known, one of which occurs in Cayenne. (Name from repdus, a bubble.)

1. Pemphidium opacum, Berk.; maculis minoribus nigris opacis hic illic aggregatis, sporis fusiformi-
bus utrinque valde attenuatis. (Tas. OVI. Fig. 9.)

Has. On dead stems of Rhipogonum, Titiokura, Colenso.

Forming little patches 1-2 lines broad, consisting of round, black, opake, flat specks, which are generally
without any trace of an ostiolum. Beneath each speck is an ovate, transparent mass of asci, arising from an
evident base, but without any visible perithecium. sci moderately long, cylindrical or slightly swollen in the
middle; spores fusiform, attenuated into a thread at either extremity; endochrome divided irregularly into two or
three masses, without any dissepiments.—A very distinct species from Pemphidium nitidum, which forms large
patches of convex, shining spots. The sporidia are far more attenuated than in that species, though in that I find
them more acuminate than they are represented in Dr. Montagne’s figure.—PrATE OVI. Fig. 9. a. Asci of Pemphi-
dium opacum, magnified. b. Sporidia of the same, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. LXIX. MICROPELTIS, Mont.
Perithecium liberum, carbonaceum, dimidiato-scutatum, orbiculatum, applanatum, poro centrali per-
tusum. Asci clavati, erecti, sporidia septata hyalina foventes.

A single species only of this genus is known, which abounds in the tropics, and occurs on a variety of leaves.
Its place in colder regions is supplied by Microthyrium and Sacidium, from which the septate spores are scarcely a
sufficient distinction. (Name from puxpos, small, and mety, a target.)

1. Micropeltis applanata, Mont. Cuba, p. 325. t. 12. Ja G:

Has. On leaves of Panas arborea, Ship Cove, Lyall.

The specimens are young and without fruit, in the absence of which there is some uncertainty.

Gen. LXX. ASTERINA, Le.

Perithecia fragilia, applanata, minuta, epiphylla, e mycelio fimbriata. Asci perfecti; sporidia octona.

208 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Fungi.

All the species of this genus are epiphyllous, and make a near approach to Strigula. I do not know of any
European species, unless Strigula Babingtonii, Berk., belong more properly to Asterina ; but the genus occurs in
the United States, and the tropics produce one or two. (Name from aséer, a constellation.)

* Asterina torulosa, Berk.; mycelio parcissimo, ascis elongatis, sporidiis torulosis viridi-hyalinis.

Haz. On leaves of Piper excelsum, Colenso.

Perithecia scattered, but grouped in little spots. Asci elongate. Sporidia filiform, torulose, 3-5-septate, 4555
-y of an inch long.—This species occurs also on Asterina dilatata, Berk., which is perhaps only an incipient
Collema, and therefore omitted as doubtful. Like the original specimens described in the ‘ Antarctic Flora,’ it occurs
on Panag.

1. Asterina sublibera, Berk. ; mycelio parcissimo e fibris intertextis, ascis elongatis, sporidiis quaternis
uniseptatis hyalinis. (Tas. CVI. Fig. 1.)

Has. On leaves of Metrosideros diffusa, Colenso.

Perithecia collected in little patches, with a few radiating fibres, which by no means form a membrane. sei
elongated, subcylindrical, rather attenuated at the apex. Sporidia four in each ascus, oblong, slightly constricted in
the centre, uniseptate, hyaline, 75 of an inch long.—Differing in its elongated asci from all known species, except
the foregoing, an unpublished one, 4. anomala, from Ceylon, in which the mycelium is very dense, and the sporidia
narrower.-—PraTE CVI, Fig. 1. Asterina sublibera, natural size. a. Asci, magnified. 6, Sporidia, magnified 250
diameters.

* Asterina fragilissima, Berk.; maculis parvis orbicularibus, mycelio parco, peritheciis congestis, ascis
globosis, sporidiis obovato-oblongis uniseptatis.

Has. On leaves of Veronica, Colenso.

Spots scarcely a line broad. Mycelium sparing, forming rectangular anastomoses. Perithecia numerous,
crowded towards the centre of the spots, extremely brittle. Asci globose. Sporidia obovate-oblong, uniseptate,
+3 57 of an inch long.

Gen. LXXI. ERYSIPHE, Hedw. et Lév.

Perithecia libera, globosa, astoma, floccos equales flexuosos simplices vel parce furcatos a basi emit-
tentia, indeque ex iis suffulta. 4sci sacciformes.

The genus Erysiphe, as reformed by Léveillé, consists of those species only whose appendages are simple and
equal throughout. With other allied genera, they are the pest of cultivators. They occur only in temperate regions.
(Name from epvoußn, rust, a name more properly applicable to Uredo.)

1. Erysiphe densa, Berk.; bifrons, mycelio denso arachnoideo persistente, sporangiis mediis globosis
sparsis, appendiculis flexuosis candidis intertextis obovatis brevibus, sporidiis ellipticis suboctonis. (Ta.
CVI. Fig. 16.)

Has. On living leaves of Aristotelia, Wairarapa, Colenso.

This differs from Z. Martii, Lév., merely in its thick persistent mycelium, which gives it a very lichenoid
appearance, especially when on the upper surface of the leaves. The appendages are flexuous, sometimes forked,
and frequently bear one or two little knots towards the end, showing a tendency to ramify —Prarz CVI. Fig. 16.
a. Sporangium of Erysiphe densa, with its appendages, magnified. 6. Asci, magnified 250 diameters.

Gen. LXXII. MELIOLA, Fries.

Perithecia fragilia, carbonacea, astoma, c mycelio strigoso enata. Asci ampli. Sporidia magna, pauca,

|
i
|
|
|

E
f

Fungi. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 209

A very curious genus, allied to Erysiphe, but with a Dematioid habit. The species occur in warm climates, and
are furnished with variously formed fulcra, as in Erysiphe. (Name of doubtful origin.)

1. Meliola amphitricha, Fr. El. v. 9. p. 109. Bornet in Ann. des Sc. 1851, v. 16. p. 267.
Haz. On living leaves of various plants, Colenso.

Gen. LXXIII. CHATOMIUM, Kee.

Perithecium membranaceum, astomum, pilis opacis vestitum. Asci gelatinosi, cito evanidi. Sporidia
fusca. i

Distinguished principally from Spheria by its brittle, membränaceous perithecia, and evanescent asci. (Name
from yarn, hair.)

* Chetomium amphitrichum, Corda, Ic.

Has. On damp paper, Colenso.

* Cheetomium elatum, Kze. Myc. Heft. t. 1. p. 15 (quoad nomen genericum), Hes. n. 184.
Has. On damp straw, Colenso.

Gen. LXXIV. CAPNODIUM, Mont.

Flocei nigerrimi, articulati, moniliformes, immixtis aliis zequalibus, sporangia elongata quandoque ra-
mosa apice sepe fimbriato-investientes. Asci in quibusdam perfecti, in aliis spore tantum (spermatia ut
videtur) adsunt.

A very curious genus, from its close connection with Antennaria, insomuch as to make it probable that it is
the more perfect form of that genus. The sporangia, which are much elongated, sometimes contain asci and spori-
dia, but sometimes produce merely minute spores; but besides this, in certain stages of growth they present all the
characters of Antennaria; at least, in the same specimen, some parts exhibit the characters of that genus, while
others have the structure of Capnodium. (Name from xazvos, smoke.)

1. Capnodium Jibrosum, Berk. ; crassum, compactum, sporangiis elongatis rigidis fasciculato-ramosis.
Has. On bark, Colenso.

Forming a rigid, bristly stratum 4 of an inch thick. Sporangia very much crowded, sometimes making almost
a solid mass, fasciculato-ramose, very much elongated and very rigid.—The specimens are not in a very good state,
and I can therefore make only an imperfect description. The species, however, is very distinct.

Gen. LXXV. ANTENNARIA, LA.

‚Flocei nigerrimi, articulati, moniliformes, hic illic sporangia granulis vel plantulä pusillá repleta
emittentes.

The pests of plants, especially of those with persistent leaves, in all climates, but nowhere more abundant than
in New Zealand. 4. scoriadea, which forms thicker masses than the other species, perfectly smothers the plants in
which it grows. (Named from the resemblance of the threads to the antenne of some insects.)

l. Antennaria Zobinsonii, Mont. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. v. 9. p. 641. t. 24%.
Has. On leaves of Phormium, Middle Island, Lyall; on Hymenophyllum, Colenso; and on many
other plants.

It is almost impossible to say what is a species in this genus. Dr. Lyall's plant has quite the characters of
that of Dr. Montagne, except that I find the moniliform thread occasionally rough, as in 4. pannosa. The sporangia
too, instead of being filled with a mass of threads, are gorged with extremely minute granules. This is, however,

VOL. II. 3H

210 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Pungi.

much more likely to be the normal condition of the fruit. The specimens form a dense coat on either side of the
leaves, which easily peels off. The base consists of a closely interwoven, almost gelatinous web, traversed by a net-
work of moniliform threads, from which rise erect, shortly-branched fibres, bearing either lateral or subterminal spo-
rangia.—A subsequent examination of what is evidently the same species, but on the leaves of some Myrtad from
the same locality, has exhibited precisely the same cheetophoroid masses as figured by Dr. Montagne, so that there
is no doubt about the species. There is a curious connection between the genera Capnodium and Antennaria ; the
one seems frequently to follow the other. In the last-mentioned specimens I find a single sporangium of Capno-
dium, with uniseptate spores.

2. Antennaria scoriadea, Berk. in Hook. Fl. Ant. t. 61. (Zasmidium, Fr., Sect. Dendropogon.)
Haz. On various trees, extremely common, Colenso.

To be added to the Genus UBOMYCES.
* Uromyces citriformis, Berk.; maculis obliteratis, soris sparsis epidermide persistenter cinctis, sporis
magnis citriformibus breviter pedicellatis fuscis.
Haz. On leaves of some Orchid, apparently a Thelemytra, Colenso.

Spots obliterated. Sori scattered over the whole frond. Zpidermis persistent. Spores lemon-shaped, brown,
shortly pedicellate, 415—515 of an inch long.

Since the analysis of New Zealand Fungi was drawn up, which appears at the commencement of this article,
35 additional species have come under notice. Of these
23 are European or Sikkim species from higlr altitudes.
12 subtropical or tropical.
Of the first :—
11 are common British species.
2 European.
1 Sikkim.
8 New.
Of the second :—
1 is a cosmopolite.
2 Indian.
1 Otaheite,
8 New species of subtropical types.
The whole list will give, therefore, 70 subtropical or tropical forms, and 123 European, instead of 58 subtro-
pical or tropical, and 100 European; so that, on the whole, the European type prevails in the proportion of nearly

a

two to one. As amongst the Pheenogams, the number of genera is very large in proportion to the species,

€———

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 211

Nar. On». CII. ALGA, Z.

By W. H. Harvey, M.D. ete. ete.

Serres I. MELANOSPERMES.

Trıze I. PUCACEA,
Gen. I. SARGASSUM, 47.

(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. i. p. 268. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 636. Anthophycus, Kütz. l.c. p. 605. Pterocaulon, Kg.
l. c. p. 606. Carpacanthus, Kg. 1. e. p. 621. Stichophora, Kg. p. 627. Spongocarpus, Kg. p. 631. Halochloa,
Kg: p. 632.)

1. Sargassum bacciferum, Ag., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 344. Kütz. Sp. p. 609. Hook. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 4. p. 522. Fucus bacciferus, Turn. t. 47.

Haz. New Zealand, D’ Urville, Lesson, Sinclair.

DisTRIB. Found floating in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (Gulf-weed.)

2. Sargassum vulgare, Ag., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 342. Hook. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p.
522. Fucus natans, Zurn. Hist. t. 46.

Has. New Zealand, Banks, Lesson.

DristrIB. Shores of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

3. Sargassum granuliferum, Ag., Ic. t. 11. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 809. Hook. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 4. p. 522.

Has. Cook's Straits, D Urville, fide Cunningham.

This habitat appears to us to be more than doubtful. The species was founded on specimens brought by Kónig
from the Indian Ocean.

4. Sargassum droserifolium, Bory, in Duper. Voy. p. 129. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 341. Hook. et
Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 522.

Has. New Zealand, Lesson.

5. Sargassum crassifolium, J. Ag., Sp. Alg.v. 1. p. 826. S. aquifolium, Bory, Cogu. p. 128. (non Ay.)
Haz. In the sea, between New Zealand and New Ireland, D’ Urville.

6. Sargassum duplicatum, Bory, Cogu. p. 127. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 347. Hook. et Harv. in
Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 523.

Has. New Zealand, Lesson.

7. Sargassum scabridum, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 522. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 347.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 614.

Has. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Houraki Gulf, Zyall.

8. Sargassum Sinclairii, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 522. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 300.
Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 606.

Var. B. obtusifolia ; foliis firmioribus, superioribus latioribus obtusisque.

Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Lyall, etc. Auckland, Houraki Gulf, and Port Cooper, Lyal/. Var. ß:
East Coast, Colenso.

212 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge:

9. Sargassum Raowlii, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 523. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 288.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 616.

Has. Akaroa, Raoul.

10. Sargassum adenophyllum, Harv. ; stipite brevi mox in ramos plures diviso, ramis compressiusculis
gracilibus longissimis indivisis levibus plus minus flexuosis, foliis distichis alternis distantibus longe petio-
latis dichotomo-multifidis, infmorum laciniis latiusculis linearibus membranaceis costatis parcissime glandu-
losis, superiorum laciniis filiformibus glandulis magnis elevatis instructis, vesiculis in petiolo filiformi sphee-
ricis mucronulatis demum muticis, receptaculis . . . ?

Has. New Zealand, Lyall.

Stipes 1-2 inches long, dividing into numerous, slender branches, 1-2 feet long, + a line in diameter, terete or
subcompressed, quite smooth, set at distances of 1-2 inches with distichous, dichotomo-multifid, flabelliform leaves.
The root-leaves, and those of the lower part of the stem, have membranous, strongly ribbed lacinise; the upper
leaves are filiform, destitute of laminsz, but furnished with several large and very prominent glands. Vesicles
spherical, with a short muero. Frust unknown.—Allied to S. Raoulii, but with different root-leaves, and remark-

ably large glands.

11. Sargassum plumosum, A. Rich., Fl. Nov. Zel. p. 136. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 286. Kiitz. Sp. Alg.
p. 620. Hook. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 523. 8. pennigerum el S. capillifolium, Rich. 7. c. £. 5, 6.

Has. Very common on the New Zealand coasts, D’ Urville, Colenso, Lyall, Sinclair, Hooker, etc.

In Kützing’s Sp. Alg. p. 617, a “8. flezuosum, Hook. fil.” is described, but is unknown to us, unless it be a
synonym of S. plumosum. It is possible that a specimen of this species may have been communicated by Dr.
Hooker to Professor Kiitzing, accidentally inscribed “lexuosum.”

12. Sargassum longifolium, Ag., J. Ag. Sp. Aly. v. 1. p. 983. Hook. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4.
p. 522. Anthophycus longifolius, Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 605. Fucus longifolius, Zurn. Hist. t. 164.

Has. New Zealand, Banks, D’ Urville.

Gen. 11. TURBINARIA, Lamour.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. i.p. 265. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 621.)
1. Turbinaria ornata, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 266. T. denudata (partim), Bory, Coqu. p. 117.
Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 621. Fucus turbinatus, Auct.
Var. B. ornatus, Turn. Hist. t. 94. f. ch.
Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville.

DisTrIB. Tropical Oceans.

Gen. III. CARPOPHYLLUM, Grev.
(Grev. Syn. Alg. p. xxxii. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. i. p. 261. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 636.)

1. Carpophyllum Phyllanthus, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p.526. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1.
p. 263. C. flexuosum, Grev., Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 636 (partim). Fucus Phyllanthus, Turn. Hist. t. 206.

Fucus flexuosus, Esper. t. 131.
Has. New Zealand, Banks, D’ Urville, Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker, Colenso, etc. ; common.

2. Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p.527. C. maschalocarpum,
Grev. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 264. C. flexuosum, var, maschalocarpum, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 637. Fucus

Maschalocarpus, Turn. Hist. €. 205.
Has. New Zealand, Sir Joseph Banks, D' Urville, Sinclair, Hooker, Lyall, Colenso, ete. ; common.

|

Alge. | _ FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 213

Gen. IV. MYRIODESMA, Dene.

1. Myriodesma guercifolium, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 192. M. Boryanum, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 588.
Lessonia quercifolia, Bory, Cog. p. 19. t. 4.
Has. New Zealand, Lesson.

We only know this plant through Bory’s figure, which is unlike any New Zealand Fucoid known to us.

Gen. V. LANDSBURGIA, Harv.

Frons heterogenea, e caule filiformi alternatim ramoso et foliis distinctis composita. Vesicule nulle! Scaphidia
in lamina foliorum superiorum minorum densissime aggregata, infra superficiem utramque excavata, spheroidea,
hermaphrodita. Spore intra perisporium hyalinum ovoideum parietale nidulantes. Antheridia fasciculata. Para-
nemata simpliciuscula, sporas et antheridia stipantia.

1. Landsburgia quercifolia, Harv. in Herb. Phyllospora quercifolia, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v.

4. p. 525 (excl. syn. l). (Tas. OVIL)
Has. Bay of Islands, D’ Urville, Colenso, J. D. H., Lyall, ete.

Root a conical, solid disc, 1-2 inches in diameter, throwing up numerous stems. Stems 3-4 feet long or more,
terete, ¢ inch in diameter at the base, tapering upwards to the thickness of i a line, alternately decompound, nearly
distichous. Branches filiform, erect or erecto-patent; the older ones naked below, smooth, slightly torulose,
furnished with short, alternate, secondary branchlets at distances of 1-2 inches, the upper nearer. Branchlets
erecto-patent, the older ones naked at. the base and torulose, distichously foliaceous near the summit; gradually
developed from the petioles of closely set alternate leaves, of which the lower are deciduous on the lengthening of
the branch, the three or four terminal ones, with the excurrent bud, alone crowning the otherwise naked branchlets.
Leaves alternate, scarcely a line asunder, 2 inches long, linear, inciso-pinnatifid, 1-4 inch wide, tapering very much
to the base, obtuse; the lacinise oblong, erecto-patent, blunt or acute, sometimes dentate; substance membranaceo-
coriaceous, translucent; the midrib vanishing about the middle. Scaphidia densely crowded in the terminal leaves
of the branchlets, and in superaxillary foliations of the upper leaves of the larger branches; the fertile lamin
contracted to 4-4 inch in length, ovate or lanceolate, sharply serrate. Spores oblong. Colour, when dry, a deep
brownish-olive.

In our former list of New Zealand Alge (Lond. J. Bot. vol. iv. p. 525), we confounded this fine plant with the
Fucus quercifolius of Turner, now Carpoglossum quercifolium, J. Ag., a species with which we were then only
acquainted by Turner's figure and description. We have long been aware of the incorrectness of this reference, and
Dr. Harvey has for some time regarded the Alya now described as the type of a new genus, allied to Phyllospora,
from which it differs in the absence of vesicles, the more perfect foliation, etc.; and to Scytothalia, from which the
different evolution of the fruit distinguishes it. The habit is peculiar, and, with other minor differences, sufficiently
distinguishes it from Carpoglossum. The generic name is bestowed in honour of our excellent friend the Rev. Dr.
Landsborough, author of ‘Popular British Seaweeds,’ etc., an accomplished naturalist and most amiable man. —
Prats CVII. Fig. 1, part of the stem, and a branch; 2, the root and base of stems; both figures the natural size ;
3, a receptacle; 4, section through the same; 5, paranemata, bearing antheridia, more or less magnified.

Gen. VI. MARGINARIA, 4. Rich.
(A. Rich. El. Nov. Zel. p. 9. Mont. Póle Sud, Bot. Crypt. p. 60. J. Ag. Sp. Ale i. 254. Kutz. Sp. Alg. p. 637.)

1. Marginaria Boryana, A. Rich., Nov. Zel. p. 198. Mont. Pole Sud, t. 8 et 8. f. 9. JT. Ag. Sp. Alg.
p.956. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 631. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 535.
Has. New Zealand, D’Urville, Lyall, Colenso.
VOL. II. 31

214 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

2. Marginaria Urvilleana, A. Rich., Fl. Nov. Zel. p. 10.1.3. Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, p. 60. t. Se
Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. p. 116. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 524. Kütz.p. 637. M. gigas, A. Rich. N. Zel.
t. 4. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 687. Hook. fil. et Harv. |. c.

Haz. Kaua-Kaua Bay, Lesson. Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. South of Castle Point, Colenso.

Gen. VII. PHYLLOSPORA, 4g.
(Ag. Revis. Macrocyst. p. 311. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 252. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 592.)
1. Phyllospora comosa, Ag., J. Ag. Sp. Alg.v. 1. p. 258. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 592. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 4. p. 525. Fucus comosus, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 258. Turn. Hist. t. 149. Macrocystis
comosa, A. Rich. N. Zel. p. 14, et 2. p. 142.
Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville, Hooker. (A native of New Holland.)

Gen. VIIT. CYSTOPHORA, J. Ag.
(J.Ag.Symb.(1841)p.3. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 238. Blossevillea, Dene. (1842) in Arch. Mus. ii. 147. Hook. fil. et
Harv. Lond. J. Bot. iv. 527. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 628.)
1. Cystophora monilifera, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 941. Cystoseira retroflexa, 4. Rich. N. Zel. p. 12 (fide
J. Agardh). Fucus retroflexus, Zurn. t. 155 (non Labill.).
Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville.

2. Cystophora retrofleza, J. Ag., Sp. Aly. v. 1. p. 242. Blossevillea retroflexa, Kúte. Sp. Alg. p.
629. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. p. 527. B. caudata, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 6.
p. 414. Fucus retroflexus, Labill. N. Holl. p. 113. t. 260 (non Turn.).

Has. New Zealand, D’Urville, Hombron, Colenso, Lyall, ete.

A variable species in habit, generally more robust than the preceding, but only to be known with certainty by
the form of the receptacles. We have not seen any New Zealand specimens of C. monilifera, but have from Dr.
Lyall specimens collected in Cook’s Straits, which in some respects are intermediate in character; having the dense
ramification, broad stem, and strongly aculeated bases of the branches and spherical vesicles of C. monilifera, with the
ensiform subtorulose receptacles of C. retroflexa.

3. Cystophora retorta, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 243. Blossevillea retorta, Mont. Hook. fil. et Harv.
Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 527.

Has. New Zealand, Hombron, Raoul.

This plant is included in our former list of New Zealand Algæ, but we are not certain of the correctness of the
reference, and cannot now refer to the specimens then examined.

4. Cystophora torulosa, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 248. Blossevillea torulosa, Dene., Hook. fil. et Harv.
Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 527. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 628. Fucus torulosus, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 157.

Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyadd.

5. Cystophora Lyallii ; caule parum compresso siccitate longitudinaliter sulcato flexuoso bi-tripmnato,
pinnis distichis e margine egredientibus basi nudis alterne verrucatis apice pinnulatis, pinnulis planis lineari-
bus basi attenuatis grosse dentatis, dentibus alternis in receptacula ancipitia lineari-lanceolata acuminata
apicem versus sterilia abeuntibus, scaphidiis distichis oppositis, vesiculis spheericis paucis. (Tas. CVIIL)

Has. Foveaux Straits, Lyall.

Stem 2-3 feet long, nearly terete at the base, more compressed, but not at all two-edged upwards, preserving a
diameter of nearly 2 lines throughout, smooth, or furrowed longitudinally (when dry), slightly angular, rather flexu-
ous, distichously branched; bipinnate in the lower part, subtripinnate above. Branches alternate, an inch or more

e

Álge.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 215

asunder, issuing from the margin, patent but not quite horizontal, 4-6 inches long, terete below, subcompressed
upwards, naked and margined with distichous wart-like projections (the bases of fallen branches) in the lower part;
alternately branched above. Ramuli or pinnules distichous, two or three inches long, flattened, tapering to the base,
alternately dentate; the barren ones with simple, blunt tecth, the fertile having each tooth prolonged into a pedicel-
late receptacle. Receptacles on short stalks, plano-compressed, two-edged and furrowed down the middle, oblong,
the lower half containing a double row of opposite scaphidia, whose pores open distichously along the edge; the
upper half prolonged into a barren, broadly subulate acumination. Vesicles half an inch in diameter, globose, on
stalks half their own length, one or more on each of the branches. Colour black when dry.—A very noble species,
most related to C, Platylobium, J. Ag., with which we have not had the opportunity of comparing it.—PLATE
CVIII. Fig. 1, part of the stem, and a branch, natural size ; 2, receptacle; 3, enlarged portion of the same, cut
across, to show the opposite distichous scaphidia; 4, a spore; 5, paranemata and antheridia:—more or less
magnified.
Gen. IX. XIPHOPHORA, Mont.
(Mont. Voy. Pôle Sud, p. 55. — Fucodium (partim), J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 202.)

1. Xiphophora Billardieri, Mont., Póle Sud, t. 1. f. 1. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. 9 116.7. 69. 25.
Fucodium gladiatus, J. Ag. Sp. Aly. v. 1. p. 202. Himanthalia gladiata, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 587. Fucus
gladiatus, Labill. Pl. N. Holl. p. 8. t. 256. Turn. Hist. t. 940.

Has. Lyall's Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. Bay of Islands, Sinclair, Lyall, Hooker, Raoul, etc.

2. Xiphophora chondrophylla, Mont. Fucodium chondrophyllus, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 203. Fucus
chondrophyllus, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 222. Aresch. Iconogr. t. 1.
Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. (Native of New Holland.)

Gen. X. HORMOSIRA, Zndl.
(Endl. Gen, Pl. p. 10; Suppl. ii. 29. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 197. Kütz. Sp. Ale. p. 586. Moniliformia, Lamour.
Dict. Class. vii. 71. Grev. Syn. p. xxxvi. Monilia, A. Rich. N. Zel. p. 13.)

1. Hormosira Labillardieri, Mont., Póle Sud, p. 62. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 199. Kiitz. Sp. Aly.
4. 586. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 528. Fucus moniliformis, Labil. Pl. N. Holl. t. 262.

Has. Wangari Bay, D’ Urville. Bay of Islands, etc., Hooker, Lyall, Colenso, etc. (Native of New
Holland.)

2. Hormosira Siebert, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 199. Moniliformia Sieberi, Bory, Coqu. p. 134. A. Rich.
N. Zel. v. 9. p. 139.

Haz. New Zealand, D’ Urville, Lyall. Parimahu, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

Gen. XI. SPLACHNIDIUM, Grev.
(Grev. Syn. p. xxxvi. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 186. Kütz, Sp. Alg. p. 585.)

1. Splachnidium rugosum, Grev. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 186. — Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 585. Hook. fil. et
Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 598. Fucus rugosus, Linn. Mant. p.911. Turn. Hist. t. 185. A. Rich. N.
Zel. p. 141.

Has. New Zealand, Lesson, Akaroa, Raoul. Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. Port Cooper, Banks’
Peninsula, Zyall. (Native of South Africa and New Holland: “ East Indies,” Vall.)

Gen. XII. NOTHEIA, Bail. et Harv.
(Bail. et Harv. Bot. of Wilkes’ American Expl. Exp. ined.)

Frons (parasitica) filiformis, vage ramosa, prolifera, solida. Scaphidia per totam frondem sparsa, in

216 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alge.

strato corticali infra superficiem excavata, spheerica, cum ostiolo superficiali per canalem communicantia.
Spore intra perisporium hyalinum lineari-obovatum parietale nidulantes. Paranemata simplicia.—Alga
parasitica, pusilla, organis mullis discretis, quasi receptaculis Cystoseires vel Sargassi habitu referens.

1. Notheia anomala, Bail. et Harv. (Tas. CIX. A.)

Haz. Parasitical on Hormosira, New Zealand, Wilkes. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyad/. Pari-
mahu, Colenso.

Frond 2-8 inches high, twice as thick as hog’s-bristle, filiform, slightly tapering to the base and apex, curved,
undivided, set with lateral branches, which arise from all sides; each branch springing proliferously from one of the
scaphidia of an older branch or portion of the primary frond. In this way the frond at length becomes decompound
and bushy, the series of branches being successively smaller, the youngest fusiform and mostly arched. Scaphidia
scattered abundantly through all parts of the frond, sunk in the cortical layer, spherical, opening by rather large
superficial pores. Spores in very narrow, almost linear, parietal perispores. Colour a clear olive. Substance sub-
coriaceous.

A curious little plant, allied to Splachnidium and Hormosira, but differing from both in habit and parasitic at-
tachment. It much resembles a very branching tuft of receptacles of some Sargassum or Cystoseira, if we can con-
ceive those to be developed without a frond. We have received it from several correspondents; and it would seem
to be of frequent occurrence, though not noticed previous to the American Exploring Expedition under Wilkes.—
PraTE CIX. 4. Fig. 1, plant, parasitic upon Hormosira Steberi, nat. size; 2, branches of the parasite; 8, section of
a branch; 4, section of a scaphidium, immersed in the branch, with spores and paranemata :—more or less magnified.

Gen. XIII. DURVILLÆA, Bory.
(Bory, Dict. Class. ix. 192. Voy. Coqu. p. 65. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i 187. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 585.)
1. D’Urvillea utilis, Bory, Cogu. p. 65. t.1, et 1.8... 1. A. Rich. Fl. N. Zel. p. 8. Post. et Rupr.
Illustr.t.1. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 116. v. 2. p. 454. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 528. J. Ag. Sp.

Alg. v. 1. p. 188. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 585.
Haz. New Zealand, D’ Urville, Hooker, ete. (Native of Antarctic regions, and extra-tropical South

America.)

Trise Il. SPOROCHNACEA.

Gen. XIV. SPOROCHNUS, 4g.
(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 342. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 173. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 568.)

1. Sporochnus s£y/osus ; caule filiformi indiviso lateraliter ramoso, ramis sparsis fasciculatisve simplici-
bus elongatis, receptaculis sessilibus v. brevissime pedicellatis elliptico-oblongis demum cylindraceis mucrone
stylomorpho elongato capitato coronatis. (Tas. CIX. B.)

Has. Otago Harbour and Foveaux Straits, Lyall.

This has the aspect of S. pedunculatus, but is readily distinguished by the receptacles, which are subsessile,
cylindrical, and crowned by a long, filiform, style-like mucro, from half to two-thirds the length of the full-grown
receptacle.—P ATE CIX. B. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, 8, portions of a branch, with receptacles in various stages

of growth; 4, sporiferous filaments from the same :—more or less magnified.

Gen. XV. CARPOMITRA, Kitz.

(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 343. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 177. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 569.)
1. Carpomitra Halyseris, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 528. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v.1. p. 119.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 510.

|
|

ee

ee + cene

Álge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 217

Has. Bay of Islands, Cunningham, Sinclair, Lyall, J. D. H., etc.

We fear this can only be regarded as a broader and more distinctly midribbed form of C. Cabrera.—PLATE
CX. 4. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, small portion of frond, with two terminal receptacles; 8, section of a recep-
tacle; 4, sporiferous filaments from the same :—more or less highly magnified.

2. Carpomitra Cabrera, Kütz., Phyc. Gen. p. 343. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 177. Harv. Phye. Brit.
t. 14. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 569. Fucus Cabrera, Clem. Turn. Hist. t. 140.

Has. Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. Hawkes Bay, Colenso. (Native of Atlantic shores of
Spain, south of England, and south of Ireland.)

Gen. XVI. DESMARESTIA, Lamour.
(Lamour. Ess. p.23. Endl. Gen. Pl. Sup. 3. p. 28. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 570. Harv. Man. ed. 2, p. 28. J. Ag. Sp.
Alg. i. 165. Dichloria, Grev. J. Ag. Sp. Ale. i. 164.

1. Desmarestia Zgu/ata, Lamour. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 169. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 572. Harv. Phye.
Brit. t. 115. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 467. Fucus ligulatus, E. Bot. t. 1636. Turn. Hist.
t. 98, etc.

Has. New Zealand, Colenso. Akaroa, Lyall. (Native of shores of Europe, west coast of North
America, Chili, Cape Horn, and Cape of Good Hope.)

Tanz II. LAMINARIACEZ.

Gen. XVII. MACROCYSTIS, 4g.
(Ag. in Act. Leop. xix. i. 281. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 153. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 582.)

1. Macrocystis pyrifera, Ag., Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. V1, v. 9. p. 461. — Macrocystidis omnes
species, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 155-158 (excl. M. obtusa = Phyllospora Menziesii, var.). Küte. Sp. Alg.
p. 582-584. Fucus pyriferus, Turn. Hist. t. 110.

Has. Shores of New Zealand, common. (Native of the Pacific and Southern Oceans.)

We have received several varieties from New Zealand; among others, that remarkable form called M. .Dubenii,

Aresch., with subcylindrical vesicles, 6-8 inches long.

Gen. XVIII. LESSONIA, Bory.
(Bory, Voy. Coq. p. 75. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 149. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 581.)

l. Lessonia fuscescens, Bory, Voy. Cog. p. 15. 1. 9. f. 2 et. 8. Post. et Rupr. 0.3. Hook. fil. et Harv.
Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 457. d. 167, 168. f. 4. et t. 171... D. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p.151. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 581.
Has. New Zealand, Colenso. Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. (Native of Antarctic shores, and
coast of South Chili.)
Gen. XIX. ECKLONIA, Hornem.
(Hornem. in Dansk. Vidensk. Skrift. iii. (1828) 870. Post. et Rupr. Alg.p.2. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 144. Kütz. Sp.

Alg. p. 586. Capea, Mont. An. Sc. Nat. 1840. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. iv. 528. Fl. Ant. ii.

466. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 578.)

l. Ecklonia radiata, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 146. Capea radiata, Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 91. — Kütz. Sp.
Alg. p. 578. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 528. Fucus radiatus, Turn. Hist. t. 134.

Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. (Native of New Holland.)

2. Ecklonia exasperata, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 146. Capea biruncinata, Mont. Canar. p. 140, t. 7.

VOT.. TI. 3K

218 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [| Alge.

Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 466. Laminaria radiata, 8 exasperata, Ag. Syst. p. 271. Laminaria
Cunninghamil, Grev. ISS.

Haz. New Zealand, D Urville, Cunningham, J. D. H., etc. (Native of New Holland, Chili, Cape of
Good Hope, Zeyher; and Canary Islands.)

3. Ecklonia Richardiana, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 147. Capea Richardiana, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 578.

Haz. New Zealand, Herb. A. Rich. Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

4. Ecklonia flabelliformis, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p.147. Capea flabelliformis, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 4. p. 528. Laminaria flabelliformis, A. Rich. Fl. N. Zel. t. 1, 2.

Has. Wangari Bay, D’ Urville. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Gen. XX. CHORDA, Stackh.
(Lamour. Ess. p. 26. Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 72. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 46. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 107, 285. Kütz.
Sp. Alg. p. 548. Scytosiphon, Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 25. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 125.)
1. Chorda Lomentaria, Lyngb., Hyd. Dan. p. 14.t.18. Harv. Phye. Brit. t.285. Hook. fil. et Harv.
Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 179. v. 2. p. 468. Scytosiphon lomentarium, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 126.
Has. New Zealand, Colenso. Waitemata Harbour, Lyall. (Native of Atlantic and Pacific, in the

temperate zone.)

Gen. XXI. ADENOCYSTIS, Hook. fil. et Harv.
(Fl Ant. i. 179. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 124. Chorde sp., Kütz. Asperococci sp., Bory.)
1. Adenocystis Lessonii, Hook. fil. et Harv., Fl. Ant. p. 119. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 124. Aspero-

coccus Lessoni, Bory, Coq. t. 2. f. 2. Chorda Lessonii, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 549.
Has. Bay of Islands, Sinclair. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyad/. (Native of the Antarctic

shores.)

Tre IV. DICTYOTACEZ.

Gen. XXII. ZONARIA, J. Ay.
(J. Ag. Symb. in Penn. xv. 444. Endl. Gen. Sup. 8. p. 25. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 106. Zonarie sp., Ag. Stypo-
podii sp., et Phycopteris, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 563, 564.)

1. Zonaria interrupta, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 137. J. Ag. Sp. Aly. v. 1. p. 3. Zonaria flava, Hook. fil.
et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 529 (excl. syn.). Phycopteris interrupta, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 564. Fucus
interruptus, Zurn. Hist. t. 245.

Has. Common on the shores of New Zealand, Colenso, Lyall, etc. (Native of New Holland and
South Africa.)

The specimens formerly referred by us to Z. flava, Ag., appear to belong to this species, but are of a pale yellow
colour and probably bleached.

2. Zonaria Sinclairii, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 530. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 111.
Stypopodium Sinclairii, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 564.

Haz. New Zealand, Sinclair.

3. Zonaria velutina, Harv.; fronde erectiuscula, stipite brevi crasso stuposo in laminas flabelliformes
subsimplices demum apice multifidas subtus nigrescenti-velutinas supra glaberrimas abeunte, soris . . . P

Has. East Coast, Colenso. Milford Haven and Port Cooper, Zyall.

Alge.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 219

Fronds densely tufted, 1-2 inches high, not much branched. Stipites scarcely half an inch long, densely stu-
pose, widening into the base of a broadly flabelliform, undivided or vertically cleft frond; the subdivisions flabelli-
form. The upper surface of the lamina is quite smooth, the lower almost wholly covered, except at the apices and
for a narrow space round the margin, with blackish-brown, velvety stupa.—This has the aspect of Z. multifida, and
is of the same size; but is readily known by the dense velvety coating of the under surface. We are not acquainted
with Z. stuposa, J. Ag., which is said to be stupose on doth surfaces (* utrinque").

Gen. XXIII. DICTYOTA, Lamour.—J. Ag.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 86. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 558. Harv. Phyc. Brit., etc.)

1. Dictyota Kunthii, Ag., Ic. Ined. t. 15. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.v.1. p. 94. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot.
v. 4. p. 580. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 556.

Has. Abundant on the New Zealand coast, Lyall, J. D. H., Colenso, ete. (Native of Chili.)

2. Dictyota dichotoma, Lamour. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 92. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 554. Harv. Phye.
Brit. t. 103. Ulva dichotoma, Æ. Bot. t. 174.

Has. Hawke's Bay, Colenso. Dredged in eight fathoms, Queen Charlotte's Sound, Zyall. (Native
of Northern Atlantic; Mediterranean; Red Sea; Gulf of Mexico; and Cape of Good Hope.)

Gen. XXIV. ASPEROCOCCUS, Lamour.

(Lamour. Ess. p. 61. Grev. Syn. p. 42. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 74. Encolium, Ag. Sp. i. 144. Encolium et
Haloglossum, Kütz. Sp. Alg. pp. 551-561.)
1. Asperococcus sinuosus, Bory, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 15. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 468.
Encoelium sinuosum, Ag. Syst. p. 962. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 552.
Has. Otago, Zyall. Cape Kidnapper and Cape Turnagain, Colenso. (Native of South of Europe,
bays of Florida, Brazil, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, Red Sea, New Holland, Falkland Islands.)

Trips V. CHORDARIACEA.

Gen. XXV. SCYTOTHAMNUS, Hook. fil. et Harv.
(Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. iv. 531. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.i.63. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 546. Chordariz sp., J. Ag.
Symb. p. 47.)
1. Scytothamnus australis, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. p. 531. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 64. Küte.

Sp. Alg. p. 547. Chordaria australis, J. dg. Symb. v. 1. p. 47.
Has. On tidal rocks, very common, Lyall, Colenso, J. D. H., Sinclair, etc.

A most variable plant in ramification, sometimes nearly simple, sometimes excessively branched and bushy ;

two to twelve inches long, or more.

Gen. XXVI. CHORDARIA, 4g.
(Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 164. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 64. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 546.)

1. Chordaria sordide, Bory; caule indiviso brevi vel elongato lateraliter ramoso, ramis creberrime
alternis sparsisve elongatis simplicibus nune alterne ramuliferis villo elongato olivaceo-virescente velatis,
filis periphericis elongatis viridibus cylindraceo-moniliformibus, articulis diametro vix longioribus, sporis
ellipsoideis parvis.—Chordaria sordida, Bory, Cog. p. 139? Mesogloia Brasiliensis, Mont. Pl. Cell. Huot.

220 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

v.4. n. 68? Mesogloia Natalensis, Kitz. / Bot. Zeit. 1847, p. 53. Mesogloia Vogelü, Harv.! Herb. Hook.
MSS. Myriocladia Capensis, J. 4g. ! Sp. Alg. v. 1. p.54. Nemalion Natalense, Hering ! Regensb. Flora,
1846. Thorea Americana, Kfz. Phyc. Gen. p. 826. Sp. Alg. p. 534. Chordaria villosa, Harv. in Herb.

Has. On rocks: Tory Channel, Cook's Straits, Lyall. Parimahu, Colenso. (Native of east and
west coast of Africa, and South America.)

Frond 1-2 feet long, flaccid, cartilagineo-gelatinous, closely adhering to the paper in drying. Main stem either very
short and stipitiform, throwing up numerous, long, simple branches ; or elongate and. laterally branched throughout,
the lowest branches short, the upper long and filiform. Branches simple, flagelliform, either destitute of ramuli or
more or less thickly furnished with short, horizontally divaricate branchlets, of various lengths. The young frond is
in every part densely covered with olivaceous villosity, 1-2 lines long, composed of very slender, articulated, cylin-
drical filaments, with very short articulations. These villous filaments are deciduous, being thrown off in proportion
as the stratum of true peripheric filaments (which are moniliform) is developed. The frond eventually becomes
stripped ; but as the peripheric filaments are also long and rather loosely set, it preserves in some degree a villous
character. Old specimens strongly resemble Mesogloia virescens to the naked eye. Very old specimens, again, are
completely bare, and scarcely to be known from a very robust state of C, flagelliformis.

A widely dispersed plant, if, as we have good reason to believe, all the above-quoted synonyms belong to it. It
appears-to us to be a true Chordaria ; though referred by J. Agardh to Myriocladia, by Montagne to Mesogloia, and
by Kützing to Thorea. We have it from Senegambia (Vogel); Table Bay (JF. H. H.); Port Natal (Krauss); be-
sides the above-quoted New Zealand specimens.

Gen XXVII. MESOGLOIA, 4g.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 56. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 544. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 31. t. 82.)

1. Mesogloia intestinalis, Harv.; fronde a basi gracili sursum sensim incrassata intestiniformi sub-
simplici vel vage ramosa, ramis paucis similibus obtusis junioribus tomentosis, filis periphericis fasciculatis
elongatis cylindraceo-clavatis subliberis, articulis diametro brevioribus v. sequalibus, sporis elliptico-oblongis
aggregatis.

- Haz. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, and Auckland; also Otago Harbour, Zyall.

Frond 1-9 feet long or probably more, a line in diameter at the base, gradually widening upwards, and at
length nearly half an inch in diameter, which thickness is then preserved throughout. Branches few and very irre-
gular in position and size, similar to the main stem, obtuse; the whole frond clothed with villous filaments ex-
tending beyond the periphery. The axial filaments are loosely bundled and branched, like those of M. virescens ;
the peripheric are fasciculate, cylindrical, slightly widened upwards, of various lengths in the same fascicle, not mo-
niliform, and more resemble those of an Blachista than of a Mesogloia. Their lower articulations are very short, the
upper gradually longer, but the uppermost alone attain a length a little exceeding their diameter. Spores oblong,
two or more in each fascicle, sessile. Substance very soft. We have seen very few specimens of this seemingly
well charaeterized species.

Gen. XXVIII. LEATHESIA, Gray.

(Gray, Br. Pl. i. 301. Endl, 8rd Suppl. p. 23. Harv. Phyc. Brit. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 50. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 543.
; Corynophlea, Kütz. l. c.)

1. Leathesia Berkeleyi, Harv., Phye. Brit. t. 116. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 51. Cheetophora Berke-
leyi, Grev. in Berk. Gl. Alg. t. 1. f. 9. Wyatt, Alg. Daum. W. 231.
Haz. Tidal rocks, near Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. (Native of British seas.)

E
:

]
3

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 221

Trıze VI. ECTOCARPACEE.

Gen. XXIX. SPHACELARIA, Zyng2.
(Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 103. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 29. Sphacelaria, Stypocaulon, et Halopteris, Kütz. Sp. Alg.
pp- 462-468.)

1. Sphacelaria paniculata, Suhr, Beitr. in Flora, 1840, p. 278. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 36. S. hor-
deacea et S. virgata, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 530. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 614. Stypocaulon
paniculatum, S. hordeacum, e£ S. virgatum, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 467.

Haz. Shores of New Zealand, abundantly. (Native of New Holland.)

A very variable plant in size, aspect, and ramification ; and also in the appearance of its fructification. We have
before us specimens producing the terminal spikelets of spores, as figured in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 614; others which
bear favelloid tubercles, filled with obconical spores, also in terminal spikelets; and lastly, others with dense tufts
of grumous cells, crowded in the axils of the uppermost ramuli, but not in terminal spikes. The $. virgata of our
former list is a slender variety, with longer, simpler, and more rod-like branches.

2. Sphacelaria funicularis, Mont., Voy. Póle Sud, t. 14. f. 1. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Fl. Ant. v. 1. p.
180. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 581. J. Ag. Sp. Aly. v. 1. p. 88. Stypocaulon funiculare, Kütz. Sp. Alg.
p. 467.

Haz. Akaroa, Hombron, Lyall. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of Antarctic shores.)

We do not always find it easy to distinguish between the present species and some of the shorter and stouter
varieties of S. paniculata.

8. (P) Sphacelaria dotryoclada, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde (denudata tantum visa) inarticulata estu-
posa vage ramosa v. subdichotoma, ramis flexuosis simplicibus elongatis per totam longitudinem fasciculis
ramellorum fertilium densissime obsessis, fasciculis spheericis quaquaversum egredientibus, ramellis incurvis
dichotome multifidis sporas sessiles laterales ellipticas ferentibus. (Tas. CX. B.)

Has. East Coast and Cook's Straits, Lyall.

Our knowledge of this plant is confined to two specimens, both evidently imperfect, and therefore, notwith-
standing its apparently very distinct characters, we have considerable hesitation in proposing it as a new species. In
the structure of the stem, which, in our specimens, is devoid of stupose fibres, it accords with Cladostephus, and
the general habit is very like that of C. verticillatus in its winter dress. The spherical tufts of ramelli are altogether
peculiar, and are evidently special fructiferous processes; a fact made obvious by one of our specimens exhibiting at
the end of one of its branches ordinary sphacelarioid ramuli; so like those of S. paniculata, that, preposterous
though it may seem, we are not without doubts whether the plant now described be not merely a fourth state of
S. paniculata, with another development of spores!—Prare CX. B. Fig. 1, plant, ¿he natural size; 2, part of a
branch with clusters of sporiferous ramuli; 3, sporiferous ramuli, separated; 4, apex of one of the ramuli; 5, cross
section of the stem :—more or less magnified.

4. Sphacelaria pulvinata, Hook. fil. et Harv.; parasitica, ceespitibus minutis hemispheericis densis,
filis rigidis arcuatis apice sphacelatis simplicibus v. parum ramulosis, ramulis erectis sepissime secundis,
sporis elliptico-oblongis pedicellatis secundis raro oppositis, articulis subtrivenosis diametro sesquilongiori-
bus.—Ectocarpus? pulvinatus, Harv. MSS. in Herb. (Tas. CX. C.)

Haz. Parasitic on the margin and on the receptacles of Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, Colenso.

Filaments a line long, arcuate, simple, forming exceedingly dense, globular tufts. Spores on secund, rarely op-
posite pedicels, usually lining the concave side of the filament. When the spore is abortive the pedicel forms a
ramulus. Articulations once and a half as long as broad, three-tubed. Colour a foxy-brown.

VOL. II. SL

222 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alge.

This has the habit, externally, of Elachista pulvinata: but the structure of the rigid filaments is that of Spha-
celaria.—Puate OX. C. Fig. 1, plant, parasitical on Carpophylium Maschalocarpus, natural size; 2, the parasite ;
3, a sphacelated apex and pedicellate spore from the same :—more or less magnified.

Gen. XXX. ECTOCARPUS, Zyngb.

(Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 130. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 14. Kütz. Sp. Alg.p. 449. Also Corticularia, Spongonema, and
Tilopteris, Kitz. 1. c. p. 460-462.)
1. Ectocarpus siliculosus, Lyngb. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 22. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 451. Harv. Phyc.
Brit. t. 162. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 531.
Has. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Port Cooper and Port William, Lyall. . Tauranga, Davies. Maketu,
Chapman. Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. (Native of north and south temperate zone.)

2. Ectocarpus granulosus, Ag. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 91. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 200. E. ochraceus,
Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 453.
Has. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of shores of Europe and North America.)

3. Ectocarpus confervoides, Harv.; cespite 2-4-unciali, filis elongatis rigidiusculis distanter ramosis,
ramis parum divisis, ramulis paucis simplicibus sparsis erectis v. erecto-patentibus, axillis acutis, propagulis
elongatis cylindraceis vel filiformibus sepius ramellos terminantibus nunc in ramis immersis.

Has. Otago and Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall.

Tufts 2-4 inches long, rather coarse, dense, not closely adhering to paper, greenish-olive when dry. Filaments
distantly and sparingly branched: the ramuli few, simple, very erect, or somewhat patent. dails all very acute.
Propagula elongate, generally terminating the branchlets, sometimes imbedded in the middle of the branches.

This is nearly related to Æ. siliculosus, but has the aspect and ramification of E. erimitus.

4. Ectocarpus pusillus, Griff.? ; cespite unciali, filis tenuibus flaccidis simpliciusculis hic illic ramulos
horizontales breves emittentibus, articulis diametro subbrevioribus, propagulis . . .? (4n E. pusillus, Griff.
in Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 153?)

Has. Parasitic on Corallines, Hawke's Bay, Colenso. (Native of England.)

Very similar in appearance to British specimens of E. pusillus; but, until the fructification be discovered, we are
uncertain of the propriety of the above reference.

Series II. RHODOSPERMEA.
Trier I. RHODOMELACEA.

Gen. XXXI. LENORMANDIA, Sond.
(Sond. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 183. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 18. t. 2. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 849. (non Mont.)

1. Lenormandia Chauvinii, Harv.; phyllodiis brevissime pedicellatis crassiusculis rigidislato-lineari-
bus oblongisve obtusissimis integerrimis nervo tenui evanescente percursis, e nervo proliferis, stichidiis mar-
ginalibus v. e nervo enatis simplicibus ramosisve.

Var. B. angustifolia; phyllodiis linearibus angustis.

Has. Otago, Zyall. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

Variable in size. In the larger specimens the phyllodia are three inches long and half an inch wide; in the
smaller, 14-2 inches long and 1-2 lines wide. The substance is thickish, rigid when dry, and semi-opaque. The

Álge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 223

structure is that of Z. spectabilis. Stichidia either thickly fringing the margin of fertile specimens, or springing from
the nerve, lanceolate, simple or multifid. Colour “ dark purple ” (Colenso); a dark reddish-brown when dry.
Our first specimens of this plant were received from M. Chauvin, who obtained them from New Holland.

Gen. XXXII. EPINEURON, Harv.
(Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. iv. 532. Ner. Austr. p. 25. t. 9, 10. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 848.)

1. Epineuron Zineatum, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 532. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 27.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 848. Fucus lineatus, Turn. Hist. t. 201.
Has. New Zealand, Banks.

2. Epineuron Colensos, Hook. fil. et Harv., Loud. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 532. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 26. t. 10.
Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 849.
Haz. Hast Coast, Colenso. Bay of Islands, Lyall.

Gen. XXXIII. AMANSIA, Lamour.
(Lamour. Ess. p. 55. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 24. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 882.)

1. Amansia (PP) Marchantioides, Harv.; fronde horizontaliter expansa inferiore pagina radicante fla-
belliformi varie lobata prolificationibusque marginalibus ascendentibus extensa tenui-membranacea ecostata
transversim parallele zonata striis longitudinalibus radiantibus decussata hexahedre areolata, cellulis oblongis,
mucu om

Has. Cape Kidnapper and Hawke’s Bay, on tidal rocks, Colenso.

Frond at first prostrate, emitting rootlets from the whole of the under surface, flabelliform, excentrically ex-
panding in patches an inch or more in diameter, deeply laciniate or pinnatifid, the lobes erecto-patent, crenate, irre-
gularly dentate, and finally lobed at the edges, very variable in breadth and in division; the primary lobes emitting
secondary flabelliform frondlets, which lie over the margins of the first, until there results an intricate stratum of
imbricated fronds. In more advanced specimens the ultimate lacinise are destitute of rootlets on the under surface,
probably therefore erect, linear, elongate, crenate, dentate or pinnatifid; the margin undulate, and the apices blunt.
Membrane thin, conspicuously areolated, with diverging, longitudinal, and subconcentric transverse striz. Cells
oblong.

Probably very different in aspect when fully grown. Our specimens are evidently immature. We think it
also probable that it will eventually be made the type of a separate genus, but are unwilling to found one on such
imperfect data.

Gen. XXXIV. ALSIDIUM, 4g.
(J. Ag. in Linnea, xv. 28. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 30. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 15. t. 18 4. Bryo-
thamnion, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 842.)

l. Alsidium ¿riangulare, J. Ag. in Linn. v. 15. p. 28. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 30. Ner. Bor. Amer.
pt. 9. p. 15. 4. 18. f. A. Bryothamnion triangulare, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 842. Fucus triangularis, Gmel.
Hist. t, 8.7. 4. Esper.t. 119. Turn. Hist. t. 33.

Has. New Zealand, Banks, fide Turner. (Native of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.)

Probably some mistake. A. triangulare has not of recent years been brought from the southern hemisphere ;
it is a common West Indian species.

Gen. XXXV. CHONDRIA, 49.
(J. Ag. ref. Harv. in Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 19.)

1. Chondria macrocarpa, Harv.; fronde cylindracea filiformi alterne vel pinnatim decomposita subdis-

222 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Alga.

ticha, ramis nunc strictis virgatis confertis et crebre pinnatis nunc laxioribus curvatis et vage ramulosis,
ramulis linearibus basi vix angustatis obtusissimis erecto-patentibus elongatis alternis sparsisve, ceramidiis
` ovatis magnis lateralibus sessilibus vel terminalibus.

Var. 8; ramis strictis virgatis crebre pinnatis.

Haz. Foveaux Straits. Var. 8. East side of the Southern Island, Lyall.

Frond 4-6 inches long, filiform, as thick as a sparrow's quill, irregularly much branched, most of the divisions
distichous. Branches alternate or secund, distant or close together, either virgate and unbranched, but closely set
with alternate pinne, or curved and distantly alternately compounded. Ramuli elongated, 3-1 inch long, simple
or alternately ramulose, filiform, very obtuse, slightly constricted at the very base. Conceptacles of large size, ovate,
either on the ends or at the sides of the ramuli: in the latter case, sessile. Under a pocket-lens the articulated axis
may readily be seen, when the branch has not been subjected to strong pressure. It soon decomposes in fresh
water, and does not open well, so that the internal structure is not easily seen.

2. Chondria flagellaris, Harv.; fronde purpurascente setacea filiformi e basi vage ramosa vel alternatim
decomposita, ramis elongatis parum divisis, ramulis sparsis insequalibus filiformibus acutis vel attenuatis basi
nec constrictis, ceramidiis ovato-globosis ore prominulo ad ramos majores sessilibus.

Haz. Port Nicholson, Cook's Straits, and Paterson's Harbour, Zyall.

Fronds densely tufted, as thick as a hog's bristle or thicker, branched from the base, twice or thrice alternately or
irregularly decompound ; the main branches elongate, subsimple, having a few lateral, erecto-patent ramuli. Ramuli
very unequal in length, long and short intermixed, laxly set, alternate or secund, filiform, acute. Colour a dull,
livid purple. Substance cartilaginous. Ceramidia rather large, sessile on the branches, ovate, with a prominent
orifice. Structure dense, but with an evident axial circle of cells.

Gen. XXXVI. RYTIPHLAA, Ag.

(J. Ag. in Linnea, xv. 26. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 31. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 28. Phyc. Brit. t. 85,
170, 220, 221. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 844. Halopithys, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 840.)
1. Rytiphlea pinastroides, J. Ag. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 85. Halopithys pinastroides, Kitz. Sp. Aly.
p. 840. Fucus pinastroides, Turn. Hist. t. 11. E. Bot. t. 1042.
Has. New Zealand, Banks, fide Turner. (Native of Europe and Canary Islands.)

Probably some mistake.

9. Rytiphlea delicatula, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde setacea tereti transversim pellucide striata dis-
ticha flabelliformi in parte inferiore ramulosa sursum pinnato-decomposita, ramis corymboso-fastigiatis extra
medium pinnatis bi-pinnatisve, ramulis alternis subulatis patentibus simplicibus versus apicem densioribus
compositisque, interstitiis striarum diametro sesquilongioribus cellulis multangulis corticatis, axi tetrasi-
phonio, ceramidiis ovatis sessilibus sparsis. (Tap. CXII. D.)

Has. Dredged in five fathoms, D’Urville Island, and Blind Bay, Cook’s Straits; also at Akaroa,
Lyall.

Tufted, 2 inches high, flabelliform, distichously pinnate above the middle; the pinnee corymbose, and in the
larger specimens once or twice decompound. All the divisions are margined with subulate, patent ramuli, closer
together towards the tips of the branches, and there alternately decompound. When examined with a pocket-lens,
the stem appears, articulated (as in Polysiphonta), owing to the thinness and transparency of the cortical layer; but
the microscope shows that every part, even the youngest ramuli, is coated with accessory cellules. There are four
large tubes in the axis, surrounding a small central tube. Conceptacles ovate, sessile on the larger pinnæ.— PLATE
CXII. D. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, branch from the same; 3, a ramulus; 4, section of a branch; 5, a cerami-
dium :—all more or less magnified.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 225

Gen. XXXVII. RHODOMELA, 4g.

(Ag. Syst. p. 196. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 102. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 50, 264. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 34. Lophura,
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 850.)

1. Rhodomela Gaimardi, Ag. Bory, Cog. p. 215. t. 22. f. 1. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 481.
4184. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 85. Lophura Gaimardi, Ke. Sp. Alg. p. 851.

Has. Akaroa, Blind Bay, and Cook's Straits, Lya//. Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. (Native of Antarctic
shores.)

9. Rhodomela cespitosa, Harv.; dense ceespitosa, bi-triuncialis, fronde tereti ultrasetacea alterne de-
composita subfastigiata, ramis creberrimis arcuatis vage divisis ramulisque lineari-subulatis sparsis secundis
alternisve plus minus obsessis, stichidiis lineari-subulatis densissime glomerulatis, glomerulo ad latera ramo-
rum sessili.

Haz. On rocks near low-water mark; Occepoto and Parimahu, Colenso.

Fronds one or two inches high, perhaps more, densely tufted. Stem naked below, once or twice forked, densely
and very irregularly branched above; the outline flabelliform, and the branches subfastigiate. Branches without
order, frequently secund, sometimes spreading to all sides, irregularly twice or thrice compounded; the ultimate
ramuli linear-subulate, elongate, arched, acute; coated with small cells, and quite opaque under the microscope, but
the articulations of the axis visible through the cortical layer, when examined with a pocket-lens. .4wial tubes four.
Stichidia forming very dense glomeruli two lines in diameter, on the sides of the upper branches, linear-subulate
like the ramuli, somewhat distorted, and either simple or branched, containing a wavy line of tetraspores.

“Densely ceespitose, in beds, and of a bright emerald-green colour," Colenso.—Allied to R. Gaimardi, but
smaller, and more densely and irregularly branched. It differs in many respects from the description given of
R. glomerulata, Mont. ; but further we cannot say.

3. Rhodomela concinna, Hook. fil. et Harv. ; radice discoidea stuposa, fronde elata disticha alterne pin-
nato-decomposita (tri-quadripinnata), pinnis minoribus linearibus elongatis pinnulatis, pinnulis zequilongis
brevibus dichotomo-multifidis, ramulis quaquaversis subulatis sepe furcatis, stichidiis oblongis acutis ad
latera ramulorum sessilibus tetrasporas pluriseriatas foventibus. (Tas. CXI.)

Has. Middle Island: Foveaux Straits, and Chalky Bay, West Coast, Lyad/.

Frond 8-12 inches high, as thick as sparrow's quill, many times distichously pinnate, ovate in outline; the
lower main branches subhorizontal; the upper erecto-patent, twice or thrice pinnate-decompound. Penultimate
pinne 3-13 inch long, set with alternate, dichotomously multifid pinnules, 1-2 lines long, and nearly of equal size
throughout the rachis. These are distichously inserted along the rachis, but their own divisions branch in all
directions; the apices divaricating and spine-like. On the multifid ramuli the stichidia are borne. Every part of
the frond is opaque, coated with minute cortical cells.—PrATE CXI. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, apex of a branch,
with ramuli; 8, a multifid ramulus, bearing stichidia; 4, a stichidium zm situ, enlarged :—all more or less magnified.

Gen. XXXVIII. BOSTRYCHIA, Mont.
(Mont. Hist. Cuba, Bot. p. 39. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 48. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 58. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 839.
Helicothamnion, Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 433. Stictosiphonia, #1. Amt n 498.1 166. E L 2.)

1. Bostrychia mixta, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 270. l. c. p. 539. Harv. Ner. Austr.
p. 10. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 840.

Has. Rocks near high-water mark, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Otago, Lyall. (Native of South
Africa.)

2. Bostrychia Harveyi, Mont.; fronde tereti biunciali setacea dichotomo-pinnata, ramis flexuosis pin-

VOL. II. 3M

226 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alye.

natis sepe furcatis apicibusque involutis, pinnis alternis simpliciter pinnellatis, pinnellis 3-4 lineari-filifor-
mibus gracilibus obtusis, stichidiis elongatis in medio vel apice pinnellarum evolutis.—Mont. in Fl. Chil.

Has. On rocks covered by the sea at high water, Paterson's Harbour, Zyall. (A native of Chili.)

Fronds 2-8 inches high, as thick as a hog’s bristle, three to four times irregularly forked, and set throughout
with lateral, distichous, simply pinnate, patent branchlets, two or three lines long, each bearing from three to five
ultimate pinnellee; ends of the branches curled in. Stichidia linear-oblong, acute, sometimes formed from the
middle portion, sometimes from the end of the ramuli. Colour a blackish-purple.—This appears the same as the P.
Harveyi, Mont., from Chiloe. At the same time it must be allowed to border very closely on the European B. scor-
pioides, with which I formerly united it; it is, however, more slender than the ordinary state of that species, and the
stichidia may possibly afford a valid specific character.

3. Bostrychia distans, Harv.; fronde tereti debili bi-triunciali subsetacea vage ramosa v. pinnato-dicho-
toma, ramis alterne divisis apicibusque involutis pinnatis, pinnis distantibus alternis simplicibus vel pinnel-
latis, pinnellis 2-3 lineari-filiformibus obtusis.

Haz. In fresh-water streams near Wellington, and on Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. River Kowhaia,
Colenso.

Perhaps only a straggling variety of B. Harveyi, but with more simple and distant ramuli, and less curled
apices.

4. Bostrychia Arbuseula, Harv.; fronde unciali robusta (semilineam diametro) compressa, caule basi
ramulis fractis exasperato sursum creberrime ramoso, ramis brevibus bipinnatis, pinnis approximatis, pin-
nulis subulatis acutis vel mucronatis erectis, axillis omnibus acutissimis apicibusque strictis, cellulis super-
ficialibus minutissimis vix seriatis.

Has. Otago, Lyall.

Frond 1 inch high, very robust for its length, twice or thrice as thick as a hog’s bristle, densely tufted, erect.
Stems naked below, or set with the remains of broken ramuli, densely clothed with short branches beyond the
middle. Branches erect, closely bipinnate; the pinnæ subulate, mucronulate, and very erect. Colour a dull
brownish-purple. Structure dense, the surface-cells very minute, dot-like, and irregularly set. Stem solid, with
eight primary, and several rows of secondary cells. wif unknown. All parts somewhat compressed.

Gen. XXXIX. POLYZONTA, Suhr.
(Suhr, in Flora, 1834, p. 739. t. 2. f, 15. Mont. Pôle Sud, p. 134. Fl. Ant. i. 181. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 70.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 881.)

1. Polyzonia cuneifolia, Mont. Póle Sud, Bot. p. 143. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Fl. Aut. v. 1. p. 181.
t. 16. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 10. Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 882.

Var. (8. bifida ; foliis seepissime profunde bifidis vel bipartitis, stichidiis ample cristatis.

Haz. Var. a, on the roots of large 4/7, east coast of Southern Island; and var. £, at Port Preserva-
tion, west coast, Middle Island, Lya//. (Native of Auckland Islands.)

Our var. ß is a remarkable state of the species, less branched than usual, and, to the naked eye, more densely
clothed with leaves. The leaves are very generally cleft nearly to the base into two subequal lobes, but not invari-
ably so.

2. Polyzonia adiantiformis, Dene., Now. An. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9. v. 17. p. 363. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 71.
Kute. Sp. Aig. p. 881.

Has. Parasitical on Marginaria, Herb. Paris.

3. Polyzonia ovalifolia, Hook. fil. et Harv.; surculo repente, foliis alternis horizontalibus sessilibus
inzequllaterali-ovalibus obtusissimis integerrimis dentatisve. (Tas, CXII. B.)

Alge.) FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 227

Has. Parasitical on Amphiroa corymbosa, Colenso.

Though our specimens are in a very young state, consisting merely of creeping surculi, such as are found in all
the species when immature, we are unwilling to omit this little plant, whose leaves are remarkably different from
those of any previously-described species.—PrArE CXII. B. Fig. 1, plant, parasitic on Amphiroa corymbosa; 2
portion of stem with leaves of the parasite; 3, cellular structure of the leaf of the same, both highly magnified.

E

4. Polyzonia bipartita, Hook. fil. et Harv.; surculo trisiphonio repente radicante caules erectos (de-
mum ramosos ?) distiche foliatos emittente, foliis alternis fere ad basin bipartitis, laciniis applanatis lineari-
bus mucronatis, inferiore horizontali, superiore erecta, e cellulis triseriatis conflatis, quarum medise sunt an-
gustiores oblongee laterales fere quadrate, stichidiis axillaribus lineari-oblongis apiculatis. (Tas. CXII. 4.)

Has. Parasitical on Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, Colenso.

Our specimens are not fully grown, but evidently belong to a very distinct species, to the naked eye strongly
resembling Polysiphonia ceratoclada, Mont., for which it may easily be overlooked. Under the microscope, however,
no two plants can be more different. The leaves in our plant are divided nearly to the base into two linear, obtuse
or mucronulate lobes, the lower of which is shorter, and spreads horizontally, the upper elongated and erect, each
composed of three rows of rectangular cellules, those of the middle row (or midrib?) about twice as long as broad,
those of the side rows nearly square. Stichidia of large size, containing a few large tetraspores in a single row.—
PraTE CXII. 4. Fig. 1, plant, growing on a fragment of Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, natural size; 2, part of
branch, with bipartite leaves and stichidia, highly magnified.

5. Polyzonia Harveyana, Dene. in Raoul, Pl. Nov. Zel. p. 82. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 72.

Var. 8. Colensoi ; omnibus partibus gracilior.

Has. Parasitical on various Adge, very common.

We are indebted to Mr. Colenso for a very large suite of specimens, a comparison of which proves that P.
Harveyana and P. Colensoi, of Ner. Austr., cannot be kept specifically distinct.

Gen. XL. POLYSIPHONIA, Grev.

(Grey. Fl. Edin. p. 308. Harv. Man. ed. 1, 84. J. Ag. Alo. Medit. p. 119. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 37. Kütz.
Sp. Alg. p. 802, etc.)

SUBGENUS 1. OLIGOSIPHONIA, J. 49.

1. Polysiphonia abscissa, Hook. fil. et Harv.; dense ceespitosa vel implicata, capillaris, purpurascens
vel coccinea, fronde alternatim decomposita tenaci flaccida, ramis minoribus basi longe nudis apice alterne
ramulosis, ramulis patentibus fastigiatis (quasi abscissis), apicibus nudis vel fibrilliferis, articulis ramorum
diametro multiplo ramulorum subduplo triplove longioribus bistriatis, siphonibus quatuor, ceramidiis glo-
boso-ovatis pedicellatis sepe secundis, tetrasporis parvis in ramulos distortos nidulantibus.— P. abscissa et
P. microcarpa, Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 479, 480. t. 189. f. 3. Harv. Ner. Austr. pp. 42, 43.

Has. Akaroa, Raoul, Lyall. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, and Paterson's Harbour, Southern Island,
Lyall. (Native of Cape Horn.)

Fronds 3-6 inches high, capillary, densely tufted, of a more or less brilliant purple-red or blood-red, alternately
much branched. Principal branches set with shorter ones, which are naked at the base, and multifid at the top.

On re-examining P. microcarpa and P. abscissa, of the ‘Flora Antarctica,’ we fear they are not sufficiently dis-
tinct. Some of our present specimens are referable to one form, and some to the other. In general habit this
species much resembles P. formosa of the northern hemisphere, but differs in the shape of the ceramidia, etc.

2. Polysiphonia strictissima, Hook. fil. et Harv.; dense ceespitosa, atro-rubescens, flaccida, fronde elon-
gata basi setacea sursum sensim attenuata capillari dichotome ramosissima, axillis inferioribus patentibus

228 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

superioribus angustissimis, ramis minoribusque erectis fere appressis, apicibus inzequilongis (nec fastigiatis),
articulis inferioribus brevibus vel diametro subduplo longioribus, mediis diametro 6—8-plo, superioribus
5-plo longioribus, ultimis sesqui- triplove longioribus.—Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 588. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 42.

Has. New Zealand, Raoul. Port Underwood, Zyall.

Dr. Lyall’s specimens enable us to amend the specific character originally drawn up from badly-preserved spe-
cimens. The lower part of the frond is as thick as a hog's bristle, and cartilaginous ; upwards it is much attenuated,
flaccid, very soft, and of a brighter colour. The lower forks are patent, the upper extremely narrow. It is allied
to our P. variabilis, but the articulations are greatly longer than in any state of that species we have seen.

3. Polysiphonia variabilis, Harv.; fusco-rubescens, gregaria, flaccida, fronde ultra-setacea articulata basi
irregulariter dichotoma, ramis majoribus furcatis vel alterne vel secunde decompositis patentibus, minoribus
alterne divisis ramosissimis, ramulis erectis apice multifidis, axillis inferioribus latis, superioribus angustis-
simis, articulis omnibus brevibus, inferioribus diametro brevioribus, mediis subduplo longioribus, superio-
ribus «equalibus v. sesquilongioribus, siphonibus quatuor latis sepe spiraliter tortis, ceramidiis lato-ovatis
subsessilibus.

Var. B. longiarticulata ; articulis longioribus, mediis diametro triplo, superioribus duplo longioribus.

Has. On shells, etc., in deep water, Blind Bay, Port Nicholson, and Otago, Lyall. Tauranga, Davies.
Var. 8. Akaroa, and Bluff Harbour, Foveaux Straits, Zyall.

Fronds 2-4 inches high, as thick as a hog’s bristle, flaccid, closely adhering to paper, irregularly dichotomous
below, alternately or secundly branched above; very variable in the amount of ramification, Branches sometimes
nearly naked, with but a few multifid ramuli; sometimes virgate, set with regularly alternate, multifid branchlets ;
sometimes inordinately divided and decompound. Colour a brownish-red. Articulations sometimes uniformly
short; in other specimens the medial ones are three to four times as long as their diameter.

A common and very variable species, much resembling some forms of the northern P. elongella. The basal
articulations only have secondary cells.

4. Polysiphonia nana, Harv.; fronde vix unciali crassa (setaceo-capillari) flabelliformi irregulariter di-
chotome ramosa, ramis patentibus, ramulis alternis subulatis acutis subfastigiatis, articulis omnibus diametro
brevioribus, siphonibus quatuor amplis, ceramidiis numerosis ovatis subsessilibus.

Haz. On corallines, Auckland, New Zealand, Zyall.

Possibly only a dwarf state of the preceding. Our specimens, however, though crowded with fruit, are only
half an inch in height.

5. Polysiphonia drachygona, Harv.; purpurea, rigidiuscula, fronde setacea alterne divisa vel furcata,
ramis primariis pluries alterne decompositis sensim maxime attenuatis, minoribus subdichotome divisis et in
ramulos capillares multifidos abeuntibus, articulis infimis brevissimis cellulis parvis corticatis, mediis bive-
nosis diametro sesqui- duplo (raro triplo) longioribus, superioribus fere diametrum «equantibus, ultimis bre-
vissimis, siphonibus quatuor.

Has. East side of Stewart’s Island, Zyall.

Fronds 3-4 inches high, divided from the base into several principal branches, each of the thickness of a hog's
bristle. These are alternately decompound, each successive series more and more slender. The secondary and other
divisions are very irregular, either alternate, secund, or subdichotomous. ils patent. Substance rigid, very im-
perfectly adhering to paper.— Allied to P. Griffithsiana, Harv.

6. Polysiphonia rhododactyla, Harv.; caule articulato basi vix subcorticato robusto elato dichotome
ramoso cartilagineo apicem versus sensim gelatino-membranaceo et in ramulos flaccidos roseos desinente,
ramis pluries furcatis, axillis patentibus, ramulis dichotome multifidis ultimis subsecundis vel fasciculatis

er

Alye.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 229

erectis axillis angustissimis, apicibus acuminatis, articulis infimis striseformibus brevissimis, mediis diame-
trum «equantibus, ramulorum majorum diametro brevioribus, minorum brevissimis striseformibus, siphonibus
quatuor amplis.

Has. Dredged in five fathoms, D'Urville Island, Zyall.

Habit of P. elongata, but very different. Nearest to P. variabilis, but much brighter in colour, with very
different articulations, and very acute or acuminate ramuli. Frond 8 inches long, as thick as hog's-bristle, some-
what attenuate, the main stem and the branches cartilaginous; the ramuli very flaccid, and closely adhering to
paper; ultimate ramuli frequently secund. Joints visible in all parts, those toward the base of the stem with sup-

plementary cellules.

7. Polysiphonia amphibia, Harv.; fusco-rubens, cæspitosa, fronde articulata capillari rigidiuscula decom-
posite ramosissima sensim attenuata, ramis ramulisque alterne v. secundatim divisis vix dichotomis, minori-
bus sæpe basi longe nudis apice ramosis, axillis patentibus, articulis bivenosis, mediis nodosis diametro sub-
duplo, superioribus duplo triplove, ultimis sæpius sesquilongioribus, siphonibus quatuor, tetrasporis parvis.

Has. In a stream of brackish water, covered at high tides by the sea, Massacre Bay, Lyall.

Tufts dense, 2-3 inches high, intricate. Fronds capillary, much branched, rigid, attenuated upwards, the
branches irregularly alternate, many times compounded, the lesser divisions all patent. Ramuli spreading at wide
angles, often multifid at the tips.

Not sufficiently known. It somewhat resembles some states of P. urceolata, but its amphibious locality in-
duces us to keep it, for the present at least, distinct.

8. Polysiphonia rudis, Hook. fil. et Harv., F7. Ant. v. 1. p. 183. t. 74.f.2. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 44.
Has. Port Underwood, Cook's Straits, Zya//. (Native of Auckland Islands.)

9. Polysiphonia ¢mplexa, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 538. - Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 44.
Has. New Zealand, Raoul. Cape Kidnapper and Parimahu, Colenso.

10. Polysiphonia macra, Harv.; dense ceespitosa, parva (semiuncialis), e filis repentibus orta, caulibus
erectis parum ramosis, ramis simplicibus alternis vel secundis filiformibus vix ramulosis, articulis omnibus
conformibus trivenosis diametro «equalibus vel sesquilongioribus nunc diametro brevioribus.

Haz. Akaroa, Zyall. Tidal rocks, Hawke’s Bay, Colenso.

Forming a dense, dark brown mat, on the surface of rocks, the base of the tuft composed of a dense plexus of
creeping filaments, which throw up erect, subsimple, or slightly branched, irregularly-divided stems. Not the same
as P. implexa; but not sufficiently known.

11. Polysiphonia Colensoi, Hook. fil. et. Harv.; caule (unciali-biunciali) setaceo robusto pellucide
articulato tetragono quaquaversum ramoso, ramis alterne decompositis ramulisque duplicis generis spiraliter
insertis e quoque fere geniculo egredientibus onusto, aliis subulatis simplicibus, aliis pinnatis demum in
ramos proficientibus, articulis omnibus diametro brevioribus bicellulosis, cellulis quadratis, ceramidiis ovato-
globosis pedicellatis. (Tas. OXII. C.)

Has. Parasitical on Sargassum and Carpophyllum, Colenso.

A distinctly-marked species, with nearly the same order of branching and habit as P. ceratoclada, but readily
distinguished by its four-tubed stem and branches. The articulations are pellucid in all parts of the frond, the cell-
walls very thick, and the coloured portion of the cells, viewed laterally in the stem, nearly square. Conceptacles
occupy the position of a pinnated ramulus on the larger branches. It becomes very dark in drying.—PrATE
CXII. C. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, part of branch, with simple and composite ramuli; 3, apex of a ramulus;
4, cross section of a branch; 5, a conceptacle (ceramidium) in situ :—more or less magnified.

VOL. IL. 3 N

230 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Alga.

12. Polysiphonia Zya/lii, Hook. fil. et Harv. FZ. Ant. v. 1. p. 189. t. 74. f. 1. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 268.
Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 41.—P. Mallardize, Harv. Ner. Austr. (partim).

Haz. Preservation Harbour and Foveaux Straits, Zyall. Hawke’s Bay, and other stations, Colenso»
(Native of Antarctic shores.)

Dr. Lyall’s specimens here referred to are much larger and finer than those formerly received from Auckland
Islands, and differ a little in ramification. Stem 8-12 inches long, simple, furnished throughout with closely-set,
lateral, patent, simple branches, sometimes only a line or two asunder, sometimes half an inch or more. Branches
densely clothed with multifid, imbricated ramuli. Conceptacles ovate, half the size of those of P. Mallardie, sub-
sessile on the ramuli. Primary tubes sometimes five.

Mr. Colenso’s specimens trace the species from an early stage. When about an inch high it is unbranched,
densely clothed with multifid ramuli, Older specimens are more and more compound. Some of these latter we
formerly confounded with P. Mallardie, but they differ from that species in the ceramidia, and in some minor cha-
racters, and so nearly agree with Dr. Lyall’s plant as to convince us that they belong to the same species.

SUBGENUS 2. POLYSIPHONIA, J. 4g.

18. Polysiphonia Brodiei ? Grev.; caule elato corticato immerse articulato 7-8-siphonio simplici ve'
furcato alterne ramoso, ramis sepius brevibus quaquaversum egredientibus ramulis decompositis creberrime
multifidis subfasciculatis obsessis, ramulis erectis pellucide articulatis 8-4-striatis, articulis diametro sesqui-
longioribus, ceramidiis ovato-urceolatis ad ramulos sessilibus.—P. Brodiei, Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 195, etc.

Haz. On the beach, East Coast, and South Harbour, Southern Island; and Port Cooper, Banks’
Peninsula, Lyall. (Native of Europe.)

Dr. Lyall’s specimens are about 10 inches long, 4 a line in diameter at the base, well clothed with short
branches an inch or two in length. They are copiously in fruit: more robust than our specimens from the West of
Ireland, but not offering any very decided differences. The specimen from Port Cooper is nearly denuded of ramuli,
but the few that remain have the proper structure, and bear tetraspores.

14. Polysiphonia Zofryocarpa, Hook. fil. et Harv., FZ. Auf. v. 1. p. 181. £. 70. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 51;
ceramidiis ovato-urceolatis ad ramulos sessilibus seepius secundis.

Has. Otago and Foveaux Straits, Lyall. (Native of Auckland Islands.)

Since this plant was described in the * Flora Antarctica, we have received from the Auckland Islands a speci-
men which, instead of the dense tufts of minute ceramidia, such as our former specimens bore, is copiously covered
with ceramidia of a size proportionate to the species, and sessile along the ramuli, frequently several secund on each
ramulus. These we must regard as the normal condition of the fruit; the tufted ceramidia formerly described and
figured by us being the result of disease. We regret that such a character should be perpetuated in the specific
name. Some of the specimens from Foveaux Straits are two feet or more in length.

15. Polysiphonia cancellata, Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 3. p. 440. Ner. Austr. p. 51. t. 15.

Has. Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. (Native of New Holland.)

16. Polysiphonia aterrima, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 536. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 52.
Has. Parasitical on Fucoids, very common.

17. Polysiphonia decipiens, Mont., Voy. Pöle Sud, Bot. v. 1. p. 181. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 184. Hare.

Ner. Austr. p. 50. P. rytiphleoides, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 537.
Has. Otago and Akaroa, Lyall. New Zealand, Raoul.

18. Polysiphonia ramulosa, Harv.; nigrescens, fronde unciali setaceo-capillari articulata flabellatim
ramosa, ramis virgatis alterne divisis ramulisque quaquaversum egredientibus densissime obessis, ramulis

Álge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 231

brevibus spinzformibus patentibus nunc simplicibus subulatis nune ramulos minores subulatos ferentibus,
articulis ramorum ramulorumque diametro duplo brevioribus, siphonibus septem.
Has. Parasitical on Sargassa, Parimahu, Colenso.

About 1 inch high, as thick as horsehair, divided above the base into numerous principal branches, which are
alternately subdivided. These are beset with very numerous, patent, spine-like ramuli, one or two lines long,
spreading to all sides, and either quite simple, or bearing other similar and smaller ones. Apices acute. Artieula-
tions about half as long as broad, or a little longer.

Smaller than P. cancellata or P. decipiens, and apparently different, though nearly allied.

19. Polysiphonia ¿soyona, Harv.; dense ceespitosa, badia, siccitate fragilis, frondibus setaceo-capillaribus
e basi decomposite ramosissimis, ramis pluries alterne vel subdichotome divisis, ramis minoribus basi longe
nudis apice multifidis, ramulis erectis, axillis omnibus angustis, apicibus parce fibrillosis, articulis omnibus
diametro subsesqui- vel duplo longioribus, geniculis pellucidis, siphonibus novem.

Has. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Zyal/. Cape Kidnapper and Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Densely tufted. The habit is very similar to that of P. anisogona, but the filaments are more slender, with
fewer tubes, and uniformly short articulations. It adheres to paper in drying, and is rather fragile when re-moistened.
Mr. Colenso’s specimens are smaller and very badly preserved, but have the microscopic characters of the species.

20. Polysiphonia comoides, Harv.; dense ceespitosa, badia, frondibus capillaribus e basi decomposite
ramosissimis, ramis pluries alterne vel subdichotome divisis, minoribus basi nudis apicem versus alterne com-
positis, ramulis basi angustatis erectis, articulis mediis diametro 4-5-plo, superioribus 2-3-plo, ramulorum
subsesquilongioribus, geniculis pellucidis, siphonibus novem decemve.

Has. Akaroa and Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall.

Very similar in external habit to P. isogona, from which it is chiefly to be known by the longer articulations,
should that character prove a constant one.

21. Polysiphonia corymbifera, Ag.; fusco-rubescens, dense ceespitosa, fronde capillari-setacea articula-
ta multistriata dichotoma vel vage ramosa, axillis primariis distantibus ramisque nudiusculis, ramis minori-
bus lateralibus corymboso-fastigiatis pluries dichotomis, articulis ramorum diametro triplo quadruplove lon-
gioribus, ramulorum sesquilongioribus, ultimis diametrum vix sequantibus, siphonibus undecim v. duodecim.
—Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 90. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 54.

Has. Maketu, Chapman. | (Native of Cape of Good Hope.)

Rather more slender than the Cape of Good Hope specimens, and usually with only eleven radiant cells in the
axis. Habit very similar.

22. Polysiphonia nigrescens, Grev. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 54. Plye. Brit. t. 911. E, Bot. t. 1717,
1743.
Has. New Zealand, Raoul. (Native of Northern Atlantic and Pacific.)

23. Polysiphonia pennata, Ag.; siccitate nigrescens, caule setaceo compresso simpliciusculo apice
alterne ramoso cum ramis distiche pinnato, pinnis simplicissimis lineari-subulatis acutis erecto-patentibus
pluristriatis, articulis omnibus diametrum subeequantibus, siphonibus 8-10.— 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 102.
J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 141.

Has. Auckland, Lya//. Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. (Native of South of Europe.)

Frond 1-2 inches high, sparingly branched beyond the middle; the branches erecto-patent, simple, or alter-
nately decompound in the upper part. All the branches at the stem pinnated with distichous, subulate, erecto-

232 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [4ige.

patent ramuli, Colour when growing a deep red: blackish when dried.—Very similar to the Mediterranean speci-
mens.

24. Polysiphonia ceratoclada, Mont., Voy. Póle Sud, Bot. v. 1. p. 180. 4. 6. f 2. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 183.
t. 16.7. 2. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 48.

Has. Banks’ Peninsula and Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Zyall. Parasitic on Carpophyllum, East
Coast, Colenso. (Native of Auckland Islands.)

25. Polysiphonia Sudivane, Hook. fil. et Harv.; caule (e filo repente orto) erecto flabellatim ramosis-
simo, ramis alterne decompositis et ramulis duplicis generis e quoque fere geniculo ortis onusto, aliis lineari-
subulatis acutis patentibus simplicissimis invicem sepissime ternis, aliis alterne pinnatis demum in ramos
proficientibus, articulis ramorum diametro duplo triplove, ramulorum sesquilongioribus multistriatis.— 77.
Ant. v. 9. p. 419. t. 189. f. 4. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 48.

Has. South Harbour, Southern Island, Zyall. (Native of Falklands.)

More robust and of larger size than our Falkland Island specimens, but the same in essential character. It is
a slenderer plant than P. ceratoclada, with longer joints and more distant ramuli. ‘The order of ramification is very
regular: viz., ramuli issue alternately from every node; first, three subulate ramuli from successive nodes; then a
pinnated one; again three subulate, and so on. The subulate ramuli never alter, but the pinnated grow out into
branches. If one of the pinnate ones be attentively examined, after every third pinnule may be seen a node, either
naked or hairy, a minute ramulus different from the pinnules; this ramulus is the bud of a future branch. The
branching in P. ceratoclada is similar, but less easily seen, owing to the more densely-set ramuli.

26. Polysiphonia dendritica, Ag. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 4T.

Has. Parasitical on Pterocladia lucida and other A/ye, common. (Native of New Holland and
South America. ?)

27. Polysiphonia e/adostephus, Mont. Póle Sud, Bot. v. 1. p. 132. t. 18. f. 4 a. Harv. Ner. Austr.
p. 45. P. byssoclados, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 3. p. 436.

Has. Parasitical on Sargassa, etc., Akaroa, Lyall, Raoul. (Native of New Holland and Tasmania.)

Gen. XLI. DASYA, 4g.

(Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 116. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 57. Dasya, Lophothalia, Eupogonium, Trichothamnion, Eupogodon, Kütz.
Sp. Alg. pp. 795—802.)

1. Dasya collabens, Hook. fil. et Harv.; caule elato (8-12-unciali) tereti inarticulato flaccido glabro
indiviso decomposite pinnato, pinnis (v. ramis primariis) bi-tripinnatis circumscriptione'ovato-lanceolatis,
pinnulis distichis iterum subdivisis et ramellis articulatis monosiphoniis dichotomis laxe vestitis, ramellis
patentibus basi crassiusculis sensim attenuatis acutissimis bis-terve furcatis, articulis diametro 2—3-plo
longioribus ad genicula contractis, stichidüs . . . ?—Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 61. t. 21 (status junior).

Has. Akaroa, Raoul, Lyall. Bluff Harbour, Foveaux Straits, Chalky Bay, Middle Island, and Port
Adventure, Southern Island, ZyaZ.

The figure in * Nereis Australis,’ taken from a young plant, gives a very erroneous impression of this beautiful
species, which grows 8-12 inches long, and becomes three or four times pinnated, with the habit of D. coccinea. It
is extremely soft and flaccid, and adheres very closely to paper. Colour a beautiful rosy-red or crimson.—Dr. Lyall's

specimens are not in fruit.

2. Dasya squarrosa, Harv.; caule setaceo pellucide articulato vel basi subcorticato in parte inferiore
seepius ramellis pusillis exasperato apice glabro crebre pinnato v. bi-tri-pinnato, ramis distichis subtrisiphoniis,

Alge.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 233

articulis diametro eequalibus vel parum longioribus, ramulis alternis patentibus brevissimis in ramellos bis
terve furcatos obtusissimos solutis, articulis ramellorum diametro sesquilongioribus, stichidiis . . . ?

Has. On the large Alga, Port William, Southern Island, Lyad/.

Fronds gregarious, 1-2 inches high, distichous, several times pinnate. Stems articulate, except near the base
in large specimens, rough in the lower part, with minute, horizontally patent, short, hair-like ramelli, smooth above,
marked with three tubes on the lateral view, pinnate or bi-tripinnate. Branches springing alternately from every
second or third node, very patent, pinnated with short, divaricating ramuli, which are trisiphonous at the base, but
gradually pass off upwards into monosiphonous, simple or forked, exactly cylindrical, very obtuse, patent ramelli,
not in the least attenuated to the point. Articulations of the branches about as long as broad ; of the ramelli rather
longer. Colour a fine crimson-lake. Fruit unknown. sSiphons in the stem seven or eight.

3. Dasya tessellata, Harv.; caule unciali tereti polysiphonio pellucide tessellato vel cellulis transversim
ordinatis 4-5 oblongis notato distiche pinnato vel bi-tripinnato glabro, ramis consimilibus, ramulis alter-
nis brevissimis patentibus pectinato-dichotomis squarrosis basi tri-tetrasiphoniis in ramellos monosiphonios
simplices subulatos divaricatos abeuntibus, stichidiis oblongis acutis ad latera ramulorum sessilibus.

Has. Blind Bay and Massacre Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall.

Densely tufted. Stems 1-2 inches high, setaceous, pellucidly cellular, or tessellated with large, transversely
seriated, square or oblong cells, of which four or five are seen in the breadth of the stem, pinnate or bipinnate; the
branches very patent, similarly cellular as the stem. The penultimate branches are pinnated with alternate, dis-
tichous, very patent, short ramuli, which are either regularly dichotomous, or, by suppression, pectinato-secund,
three-tubed in the lower part, but passing off in the ultimate divisions into single-tubed, subulate, but not very
acute, and sometimes quite obtuse, divaricating ramelli. Some of these ramelli are in fertile specimens changed into
sessile stichidia. A cross section of the stem shows about twelve cells surrounding the central tube. Colour a fine
crimson-lake.

Trips Il. LAURENCIACEE.

Gen. XLII. ASPARAGOPSIS, Mont.
(Mont. Fl. Canar. Pl. Cell. Addenda, p. xv. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 88. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 774. Kütz. Sp. Ale.
p. 802. Lictoria, J. Ag. Linnea xv. 22.)
1. Asparagopsis Delilei, Mont. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 88. 1.35. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 116. Küte.
Sp. Alg. p. 802. Fucus taxiformis, Del. Egypt. p. 151. €. 57.
Has. Dredged in five fathoms, at D'Urville Island, Cook's Straits, Lya//. (Native of New Holland,
Tasmania, the Mediterranean Sea, and Canary Islands.)

Gen. XLIII. DELISIA, Lamour.
(Lamour. Dict. Cl. Hist. Nat. v. 389. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 88. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 779. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 770.
Calocladia et Bowiesia, Grev.)
1. Delisia elegans, Lamour. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 89. t. 34. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 181. Küte. Sp.
Alg. p. 110. Bonnemaisonia elegans, 4g. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 198. Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 9. p. 412.
Haz. Dredged in fifteen fathoms, at Preservation Harbour, West Coast, Middle Island, and at Akaroa,
Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. (Native of New Holland and Tasmania.)

Gen. XLIV. LAURENCIA, Lamour.—J. Ag. ref.
(Lamour. Ess. p. 42. Grev. Syn. p. lii. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 81. excl. sp. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 740. Kütz. Sp.
Alg. p. 852. excl. sp.)
1. Laurencia celata, Harv., Ver. Austr. p. 81. 1.33. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 856. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 166.
VOL. II. 30

234 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

Has. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

2. Laurencia virgata, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 152.

Has. Cape Kidnapper and Parimahu, Colenso. Houraki Gulf and Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. (Native
of South Africa and California.)

Mr. Colenso's specimens closely resemble those from the Cape of Good Hope, on which Agardh founds his
species. Dr. Lyall’s, from Houraki Gulf, are also decidedly the same; but those from Banks’ Peninsula vary in
some degree from the type.

3. Laurencia Forsteri, Grev. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 85. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 144. Kútz. Sp. Alg.
p. 854. Fucus Forsteri, Turn. Hist. t. 77.

Has. New Zealand, Forster. (New Holland.)

A common species in Australia and Tasmania, but which we have not received from New Zealand.

4. Laurencia gracilis, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 7. p. 444. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 84. J.
Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 746.

Has. East Coast, Colenso.

5. Laurencia distichophylla? J. Ag.; fronde rosea vel purpurascente compressa distiche decomposito-
pinnata, pinnis in rachide stricta sursum dilatatis plano-compressis bi-tripinnulatis seepius oppositis distichis
patentibus, pinnulis cylindraceis obtusis simplicibus pinnellatisve, ceramidiis ad ramulos pinnularum compo-
sitarum sessilibus ovato-urceolatis acuminatis, tetrasporis infra apices pinnellarum fasciatis.—J. Ag. Sp. Alg.
v. 9. p. 162%?

Has. Waitemata Harbour, Lyall. Hawke’s Bay and Parimahu, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.,
Davies.

Fronds 2-8 inches high, densely tufted, decompound, pinnate, sometimes barely bipinnate, sometimes four to
five times compounded. Outline ovate. In some of the very compound fronds the ultimate ramuli are now and
then not perfectly distichous, but this is rare. Colour a rosy purple, brighter, and almost crimson in some of our
specimens.

We have not seen specimens of Agardh’s plant, but judge from his description that it cannot be greatly different
from ours.

6. Laurencia botrychioides, Harv.; fronde nana purpurascente vel fuscescente compresso-plana disticha
decomposite pinnatifida, pinnis pinnulisque in rachide stricta sursum dilatato subexcurrente seepissime op-
positis patentibus, inferioribus majoribus, pinnulis brevissimis cuneatis vel clavatis apice crenatis demum
multifido-congestis, pinnellis claveeformibus tetrasporas infra apices foventibus, ceramidiis . . . P—L. botry-
vides, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 82 (partim, nec Ag.).

Haz. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. Parimahu, Colenso.

Fronds tufted, rising from matted surculi, erect, 1-3 inches high, the larger specimens three to four times pin-
natifid. Rachides flat, especially above, ¿-1 line broad, straight, closely pinnatifid ; the lacinize opposite and patent.
Ultimate pinnules very short, at first crenate or tuberculate at the end, afterwards multifid, their divisions all turbi-
nate. Colour dull brownish-purple.

Nearly allied to L. concinna of ‘Nereis Australis’ (L. complanata, Subr.), but scarcely the same. It also
resembles L. pinnatifida, var. Osmunda, and our L. distichophylla, but is distinguished by the colour and shape of the
ramuli.

7. Laurencia papillosa, Grev. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 84. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 156. Kütz. Sp. Alg.
p. 855. Fucus thyrsoides, Zurn. Hist. t. 19.

Has. New Zealand, Banks. (Native of South of Europe, Gulf of Mexico, Indian Ocean, Mauritius,
Sandwich Islands, etc.)

Alge. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND.

Gen. XLV. CLADHYMENTA, Harv.
(Harv. Lond. J. Bot. iv. 539. Ner. Austr. p. 87. excl. sp. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 771. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 879.)

1. Cladhymenia Lyalliz, Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. 9.540. Ner. Austr. p. 81.14.33. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.
v. 9. p. 111. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 879.
Has. Bay of Islands, Zyall.

2. Cladhymenia oblongifolia, Harv.; radice fibroso-ramosa, fronde stipitata latiuscula gelatinoso-mem-
branacea sub-bipinnatifida, laciniis erecto-patentibus oblongo-linearibus basi attenuatis subpetiolatis apice
obtusissimis margine fimbriatis, ceramidiis ovatis ad. cilia marginalia ramosa filiformia sessilibus, tetrasporis
in ciliis marginalibus applanatis nidulantibus.— Hav. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 540. Ner. Austr. p. 87. J.
Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 171. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 819. (Tas. OXIIL)

Has. Paroah Bay and Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. Fast Coast, Colenso.

Frond a foot or more in length, nearly an inch in breadth, pinnately or bipinnately parted; laciniæ erecto-
patent, 6-8 inches long, $ an inch wide, tapering to the base, very obtuse, simple, or bearing, especially in the upper
half, a second series of similar lacinize ; the margin of all more or less fringed with filiform or compressed, simple or
branched processes. Conceptacles ovate, on the sides of the marginal ciliary processes. Tetraspores in shorter,
simpler, and flattened processes. Colour “red,” when dry brownish. Substance gelatinoso-membranaceous, very
closely adhering to paper in drying; soon decomposing in fresh water, and giving out a large quantity of gelatine,
which stains the paper on which the specimen is displayed.

Dr. Lyall’s newly-received specimens of this plant are of large size, and with perfect fructification of both kinds.
In external habit, the larger ones are very similar to Callophyllis Hombroniana, for which, without a careful exami-
nation, some of them may be overlooked.—Prarz CXIII. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, marginal processes, bearing
conceptacles ; 3, vertical section of a conceptacle; 4, spores from the same; 5, marginal processes, bearing tetra-
spores; 6, a tetraspore :—all more or less magnified.

Gen. XLVI. PTILONIA, Harv.—J. Ag.

(Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 124. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 773.)

1. Ptilonia Magellanica, Harv. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 774. Thamnophora Magellanica, Mont. Póle
Sud, p. 162. £. 8. f. 2. Plocamium Magellanicum, Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 414.
Has. East Coast, lat. 43°, Lyall. (Native of Cape Horn and Kerguelen’s Land.)

We have only seen a single specimen from the above locality. This plant abounds at Cape Horn, the Falk-
lands, and Kerguelen’s Land.

Gen. XLVII. CHAMPIA, 49.—Harv. ref.
(Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 75. Champia et Lomentarie sp., Auct. Ohylocladie sp., Grev. Ner. Austr. etc.)

1. Champia Nove-Zelandie, Harv.; fronde stipitata compressa apice subattenuata opposite vel verti-
cillatim composita, ramis simplicibus vel iterum ramosis, ramulis sepius oppositis, articulis diametro duplo
brevioribus, apicibus obtusis.

Var. 8; ramis ramulisque apice attenuatis, ceramidiis ovato-conicis sessilibus.—Chylocladia? Novee-
Zelandise, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 541. Ner. Austr. p. 80. Lomentaria Nove-Zelandie,
Kutz. Sp. Alg. p. 863.

Haz. Bay of Islands and Foveaux Straits, Zyall. Tauranga, Davies. Maketu, Chapman. Var. B.
Port William, Southern Island, Zyall.

Broader than C. Tasmanica, to which it is nearly allied.

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

236

2. Champia afinis, Harv. Chylocladia affinis, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 402.
Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 19. t. 29. Lomentaria affinis, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 863. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 130.
Has. Port William, Southern Island, Lya/f. (Native of New Holland.)

The specimens are not in fruit, and are so far doubtful.

3. Champia parvula, Harv., Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 16. Chylocladia parvula, Grev., Harv. Phyc.
Brit. t. 210. Ner. Austr. p. 80. Lomentaria parvula, Gaill., Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 864. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.
v. 2. p. 129.

Has. Akaroa, D’Urville, Raoul. (Native of Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean.)

Tri III. WRANGELIACEE.

Gen. XLVIII. WRANGELIA, 4g. `
(Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 136. J. Ag. in Linn. xv. 387. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 703. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 27. Kütz. Sp. Alg.
p. 664.)

1. Wrangelia Zyallii, Harv.; fronde setacea flaccida fere e basi pellucide articulata ecorticata in parte
inferiore venulosa pinnatim vel bipinnatim ramosa, ramis elongatis simplicibus ad nodos opposite vel verti-
cillatim ramellosis, ramellis pinnatis, pinnis oppositis patentibus parum attenuatis obtusis subacutisve, arti-
culis ramorum diametro multiplo, ramellorum 6-S-plo longioribus, tetrasporis ad pinnas ultimas sessilibus
solitariis vel fasciculatis triangule divisis, cystocarpiis minutis terminalibus fere nudis (vix involucratis).

Has. Ruapuke and Preservation Harbour, Zyall.

Frond 4—5 inches long, thicker than hog’s-bristle, once or twice pinnated ; the branches long, virgate, and sim-
ple. Stem veiny near the base, pellucidly articulate above, and all the branches pellucidly articulate, with narrow
endochrome and thick cell-walls. All the nodes are furnished with opposite or whorled, patent, pinnated ramelli ;
the pinnæ mostly opposite, rarely alternate. Colour a brilliant carmine. Tetraspores sessile on the inner faces of
the pinnz of the ramelli, one, two, or more at each node. Oystocarps minute, terminating the rachides of nearly
naked ramelli. It closely adheres to paper in drying.—Allied to 77. multifida and to W. crassa, but different.

2. Wrangelia squarrulosa, Harv.; fronde setacea rigida e basi articulata ecorticata distiche ramosa, ra-
mis alternis oppositisve pluries compositis nunc laxe ramulosis nunc creberrime pinnatis v. bipinnatis, pinnis
seepissime oppositis, articulis omnibus diametro 2-3-plo longioribus ad genicula ramellis minutis verticillatis
dichotomo-multifidis squarroso-spinescentibus obsessis, tetrasporis sessilibus in ramellos lateralibus.

Var. a; decomposite pinnata, pinnis pinnulisque creberrimis oppositis.

Var. 8; vage ramosa, vix pinnata.

Haz. On the beach at Preservation Harbour, both varieties, Zyall.

The two varieties which we have here associated look to the naked eye very different, but not more so than
parallel varieties of D. penicillata; and the microscopic characters of each are so similar that we fear to separate
them. The squarrose ramelli, which densely clothe the nodes, are at first simple, become gradually branched, and
at last are excessively divided; they are about a quarter of a line long, whorled, and crowded together, giving a
beaded character to the nodes. Substance rigid, not strongly adhering to paper.

Except in substance there is considerable resemblance in the general aspect to W. penicillata. Till the cysto-
carps shall be discovered, the genus must remain in some degree doubtful. Possibly Callithamnion spinescens, Kütz.,

may be an allied plant.

Álge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 237

Trise IV. CORALLINACEZ.

Gen. XLIX. AMPHIROA, Lamour.
(Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 294. Dene. Class. p. 123. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 95. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 529. Cheilo-
sporum et Arthrocardia, Aresch.)

1. Amphiroa corymbosa, Dene., Class. p. 112. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 99. t. 38. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2.
p. 550.

Has. Parimahu, and Cape Turnagain, Colenso. Bay of Islands, Swainson, Lyall. (Native of Cape
of Good Hope and New Holland.)

2. Amphiroa elegans, Hook. fil. et Harv., Ner. Austr. p. 101. €. 88. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 546.

Has. Cape Kidnapper, Colenso.

Gen. L. CORALLINA, Zinn.
(Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 275. Dene. Class. p. 119. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 103. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 560.)
1. Corallina officinalis, Linn. Harv. Ner. Austr. 104. Phyc. Brit. t. 222. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 562.
Has. Auckland, Lyall. Ahuriri, Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. (Native of Northern and Southern Oceans.)
2. Corallina armata, Hook. fil. et Harv., Ner. Austr. p. 103. t. 40. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 566.
Haz. New Zealand, several localities, Colenso.

Gen. LI. JANIA, Lamour.
(Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 266. Dene. Class. p. 123. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 104. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 553, et
Coralline sp., J. Ag. l. c.

1. Jania Cuvieri, Dene. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 105. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 512.

Has. Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. Several stations, Colenso, Swainson. (Native of New Holland and
South Africa.)

9. Jania pistillaris, Mont., Póle Sud, Bot. p. 147. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 105. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2.
p. 514.

Has. Bay of Islands, Hombron.

Unknown to us.

3. Jania gracilis, Mont., Póle Sud, Bot. p. 147. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 105. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2.
p. 559.

Has. Akaroa, Hombron.

4. Jania micrarthrodia, Lamour., Pol. Flex. p. 271.4.9.f. 5a. B. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 107. J. Ag.
Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 555. J. tenuissima, Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 186. Harv. Ner. Austr. t. 40. J. anten-
nina, Kitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 889. Sond. l.c. p. 186. Harv. l.c. p. 107.

Has. Port Cooper, Lyall. Cape Kidnapper, Parimahu, etc., Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

5. Jania Nove-Zelandie ; fronde setacea (1-2-pollicari) dichotoma, axillis acutis, articulis cylindraceis
diametro subsextuplo longioribus, ceramidiis urnzformibus axillaribus ramulis binis bi-triarticulatis coro-
natis.

Var. B. longiarticulata ; articulis diametro 12-plo longioribus.

Has. Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. East Coast, Colenso.

Larger and coarser than J. rubens, with longer joints. Near J. Natalensis, but not the same.

VOU. I. 3 P

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

Gen. LIT. MELOBESIA, Lamour.

(Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 313. Dene. Class. / c. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 109. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 510. Litho-
thamnion, Phil.—Aresch.)

1. Melobesia calcarea, Ell. et Soll., Harv. Phye. Brit. 1.291. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 110. J. Ag. Sp.
Alg. v. 2. p. 523. :
Haz. New Zealand, J. D. H. (Native of Northern Atlantic.)

2. Melobesia Patena, Hook. fil. et Harv., Ver. Austr. p. 111. 4.40. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 514.
Has. Parasitical on Ballia, Colenso.

Tre V. SPHAROCOCCOIDEA.

Gen. LITT. DELESSERIA, Lamour.
(Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 71. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 114. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 677. excl. sp.)

1. Delesseria Hookeri, Lyall, MS.; fronde (maxima) petiolata cartilagineo-membranacea crassa pur-
purea ovato-lanceolata vel elliptico-obovata indivisa vel in laciniis pluribus palmatim partita costata ner-
visque suboppositis dichotomis peragrata, margine eroso vel crenulato, coccidiis hemispheericis ore obliquo
in sporophyllis propriis minutis e nervis lateralibus evolutis, tetrasporis minutis in soris oblongis parvis per
laminam densissime sparsis. (Tas. CXIV., CXV.)

Has. Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Foveaux Straits, and Otago, .Lyal/.

Fronds 2 feet or more in length, 4-5 inches broad, ovato-lanceolate or elliptico-obovate, in our specimens much
torn, the lacerations running obliquely from the margin to the midrib. Apices acute or subacute. Sometimes the
frond is deeply palmatifid, the midrib branching, and one branch running through each segment. Midrib 1-2 lines
wide, pinnated at distances of half an inch, with opposite (rarely alternate), thick, rib-like, erecto-patent, dichotomous
veins, which are gradually obliterated towards the margin. Margin minutely eroso-dentate. Conceptacles on little
obovate processes, 1-2 lines long, rising from the dichotomous veins, hemispherical, with an oblique, prominent
orifice, and thick, cellular pericarp. Nucleus depressed-hemispherical, on a basal placenta; spore-threads dichoto-
mous. Tetraspores in minute, oblong sori, scattered through the lamina near its base. Colour a splendid crimson-
purple. Substance very thick, the surface cellules small.—The noblest of the genus. —Pratk CXIV., CXV. Fig. 1,
plant, natural size; 2, small portion of the lamina, bearing sporophylla; 3, a young conceptacle; 4, an older con-
ceptacle; 5, vertical section of a conceptacle; 6, section of the frond :—all more or less magnified.

2. Delesseria nerejfolia, Harv.; fronde cartilagineo-membranacea elastica elliptico-oblonga vel lato-
lineari obtusa costata et opposite pinnatim venosa demum foliolis e costa incrassata plus minus denudata
erumpentibus composita, foliolis ovatis ellipticis oblongisve integerrimis costa dilatata percursis opposite
venosis et venulis microscopicis reticulatim anastomosantibus creberrime peragratis, fructu . . . ?

Has. On the beach, Preservation Harbour, West Coast, Middle Island, and east side of the Southern

Island, Lyall.

Principal frond 6-8 inches long, 1 inch broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, with a strong cartilaginous midrib, which,
after being denuded of its membrane, is changed into a stout, naked, simple stem. From the midrib of the primary
frond spring, without order, numerous secondary fronds, 2-3 inches long, 3-2 of an inch wide, the youngest ovate
or elliptical, the rest oblong or somewhat lanceolate. .4pices mostly very blunt. Leaves very entire, flat, with broad,
but not prominent, midribs, closely feathered with opposite, parallel, slender veinlets, between which the membrane
is everywhere reticulated with microscopic, articulated veinlets, formed of cylindrical cells. Colour a rosy-purple.
Substance, when fresh, “stiff and elastic.” In drying it adheres to paper.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 239

A distinctly-characterized species, with a beautiful and remarkable cellular structure. The fruit being unknown,
it may be doubtful whether it belongs to Delesseria or Wormskioldia, J. Ag.

3. Delesseria quercifolia, Bory, Cog. p. 186. t. 18. f. 1. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 471.
Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 114. t. 46. Kite. Sp. Alg. p. 878. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 692.
Has. East Coast, lat. 43? S., Lyall. (Native of Falkland Islands and Cape Horn.)

4. Delesseria Davisii, Hook. fil. et Harv., FI. Ant. v. 9. p. 470. 1.175. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 115.
Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 818. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 689.

Has. Ruapuke, Preservation Harbour, and Chalky Bay, Lyall. (Native of Cape Horn.)

This is much nearer D. dichotoma than we had supposed, if the New Zealand specimens, here noticed, be cor-
rectly referred.

5. Delesseria dichotoma, Hook. fil. et Harv., FU. Ant. v. 1. p. 185. 4. 71. f. 2. Harv. Ner. Austr.
p. 115. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 682.

Haz. Ruapuke, and Chalky Bay, Lyall. (Native of Auckland Islands.)

6. Delesseria plewrospora, Harv. ; fronde stipitata flabelliformi laciniata costa dichotoma apicem versus
evanescente percursa, laciniis cuneatis dichotomis attenuatis acutis v. subobtusis patentibus, margine inte-
gerrimo, soris secus costam utrinque seriatis demum confluentibus lineari-elongatis.

Has. Preservation Harbour, Lyall.

We offer this species with some doubt. It agrees with D. dichotoma in ramification, but is a smaller and nar-
rower plant, and is especially characterized by having the sori disposed in a single series at each side of the midrib.
If this character prove constant, it will be sufficient to keep it distinct.

7. Delesseria oppositifolia, Harv. ; fronde lineari-lanceolata basi et apice attenuata costata demum foli-
olis oppositis e costa prorumpentibus pinnatim decomposita, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis acutis costa articulata
trisiphonia percursis venisque pellucidis monosiphoniis oppositis e quoque geniculo coste exeuntibus notatis.

Has. South Harbour, Southern Island, rare, Lyall.

Our specimens are 13 inch in height, the leaflets about 3 a line wide. The frond is regularly bi-tripinnate, the
pinnæ and pinnulæ opposite, and horizontally patent. It is composed of simple, linear-lanceolate foliola, each oppo-
site pair springing from the midrib of the older foliolum. The costs of the larger leaves are cylindrical, and coated
with small cellules; those of the smaller leaves are articulated, each articulation formed of three oblong, hexagonal,
parallel cells. Colour a lake-red. No fruit seen.

8. Delesseria crassinervia, Mont., Póle Sud, p. 164. t. 8. f. 1l. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1.
p. 184. v. 2. p. 471. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 115. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 694.

Has. Sandy Beach, Patterson's Inlet, East Coast, Southern Island, and Ruapuke, Lyall. (Native of
Antarctic shores.)

The specimens of this species, formerly described, convey but an imperfect idea of its size and ramification.
Some of the magnifieent ones now sent by Dr. Lyall have a main frond or rachis 2 feet long, closely pinnated
throughout with branches, each 6 or 8 inches in length. These branches emit leaflets, which are hypophyllously four
to five times decompound. Some of those from Ruapuke have conceptacles in the midribs of the smaller leaves.
The costa in all is very broad.

9. Delesseria ruscifolia, Lamour. Harv. Phye. Brit. t.26. Ner. Austr. p. 115. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9.
p. 695. Fucus ruscifolius, Turn. Hist. t. 15. E. Bot. t. 1395.

Has. On the beach, Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Zyall. (Native of Europe and South Africa.)

Very similar to the common European form.

24.0 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alye.

10. Delesseria Leprieurii, Mont., An. Sc. Nat. And Ser. v. 18. p. 196. t. 5. f.1. Harv. Ner. Austr.
p. 116. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 682. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 9. p. 98. t. 22 C.
Haz. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. (Native of Demerara, and estuaries of North American rivers, as far

north as the Hudson, at West Point.)

Gen. LIV. HEMINEURA, Harv.
(Ner. Austr. p. 116. Delesseri@ sp., J. Ag. Hypoglossi sp., Kütz.)

1. Hemineura cruenta, Harv.; fronde pinnatifido-decomposita tenuissime membranacea rosea integer-
rima crispa, costa valida infra apicem obsoleta demum foliifera, laciniis minoribus pinnatifidis patentibus
acutis costula basi apiceque evanescente notatis.

Has. Massacre Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall.

Fronds tufted, 4-5 inches long, ¿-1 inch broad, bi-tri-pinnatifid, the lacinise narrow, the ultimate ones not
more than a line in breadth, delicately membranaccous, crisped and waved. A strong midrib runs through the
principal rachis of the frond, but without emitting lateral branches to the lobes. These lobes have slender midribs,
which commence at the base of the lobe, and disappear nearly at its apex. The young marginal lobes are faintly
costulate in a similar way. pices acute, and margin quite entire. ,

In our specimens the midrib of the primary frond emits, in the upper part, very numerous, minute, lanceolate
leaflets, which are perhaps afterwards developed into new fronds; if so, old plants must be very dense and intricate.

We have seen no fruit.
Gen. LV. NITOPHYLLUM, Grev.

(Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 77. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 118. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 651. Aglaophyllum, Mont., D'Orb. Voy.
p. 33. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 52. Aglaophylium, Schizoglossum, et Cryptopleura, Kütz. Sp. Alg.)

1. Nitophyllum D’ Urvillai, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 666. Dawsonia D'Urvillei, Bory, Cog. t. 19. f. 1.

Aglaophyllum D'Urvillei, Mont. ! Bonite, p. 111.
Haz. Ruapuke, Foveaux Straits, Lyall. (Native of Chili.)

Dr. Lyall’s specimens agree very well with the specific character, and also, except in size, with a specimen
received from Dr. Montagne. They are about 10 inches long, the stipes nearly 3 inches before it branches, and
strongly costate. The lamina is palmato-dichotomous, the segments linear, subcuneate, the lower ones crisped at
the margin, the upper slightly undulate, the terminal lobes linear-oblong, and very obtuse. The costa of the stipes
divides into several branches, one of which is directed to each of the principal lobes of the frond, and is continued
upwards until it is gradually explanated and lost near the apex. — Tefraspores in minute, dot-like sori, aggregated in
the upper lobes, over which they are thickly scattered.—The habit of this species is very similar to that of Botryo-

glossum platycarpum.

2. Nitophyllum palmatum ; stipite elongato cuneato medio incrassato basi vix subcostato in laminam
palmatifidam aveniam (venulis microscopicis tenuissimis nihilominus percursam) crassiusculam sensim dila-
tato, laciniis majoribus cuneatis dichotome palmatis, minoribus lato-linearibus obtusis margine integerrimis

erectis, sinubus angustis, coccidiis sparsis, soris oblongis per lacinias superiores densissime longitudinaliter

seriatis vel sparsis.
Var. 8. marginatum ; margine foliifero.
Var. y? membranaceum ; fronde tenuiore roseo-sanguinca.
Var. 39? pinnatifidum ; laciniis plus minus pinnatifidis, sinubus latioribus rotundatis.
Var. e?? crispatum ; precedente simile, nisi laciniis omnibus crispatissimis.

Alge. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 241

Has. East Coast, Lyall, Colenso, apparently common. Vars. 8 and y, in the same locality, Zyall.
Vars. ô and e. Foveaux Straits and Port Cooper, Lyall.

Frond 6-8 inches long, or more. Stipes broadly cuneate, 1-2 inches long, thickened in the middle, but not
ribbed. Lamina vertically cleft into numerous lineari-cuneate, very erect segments, with very narrow axils. Smaller
laciniz linear-oblong, obtuse, flat, and even. Swdstance thickish. Colour when dry a dull brownish-red. Concep-
tacles abundantly scattered through the upper segments. Sori oblong, often elongate, generally disposed in longi-
tudinal, interrupted lines, closely covering the surface of the lamina for an inch or two below the summit, and con-
tinued in the lower part within the margin, sometimes scattered. Such is our var. a, the common form, which bears
a strong resemblance in aspect to Rhodymenia palmata. Var. y is of much thinner substance and brighter colour,
and may perhaps prove to be a distinct species. Vars. 8 and e have the lobes pinnatifid and the axils obtuse, and
it is not without hesitation that we refer them to this species.

3. Nitophyllum variolosum, Harv.; stipite cuneato basi incrassato mox in laminam aveniam dicho-
tome vel palmatim partitam abeunte, laciniis decomposite multifidis superioribus angustioribus sepius pro-
cessibus eiliformibus marginatis aspergatisque, axillis patentibus apicibusque obtusis, soris sparsis sub-
hemispheerico-convexis tetrasporas paucas triangule divisas foventibus.

Has. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Zyall, Fast Coast, Colenso.

Frond 2-3 inches high, slightly stipitate, irregularly multifid. Upper lacinie very narrow, and repeatedly
dichotomous. Sometimes multifid lacinule issue from the sides, as well as the ends, of the upper segments, and
then the frond becomes very intricately divided. In such specimens especially the upper lobes are sprinkled over
and margined with ciliiform, gland-like, or root-like processes. Sori thickened into pimple-like tubercles, very con-
vex, containing few tetraspores.—Seemingly a distinct species ; readily known when in fruit.

4. Nitophyllum denticulatum, Harv. ; stipite cuneato costa mox evanescente aut supra productiore
ramosa percurso in lamina sepius avenia flabelliformi plus minus dichotoma abeunte, lamina nunc subindi-
visa vel parum lobata nunc profunde partita, margine seepissime eroso-denticulata crispata, apicibus obtusis,
coccidiis sparsis, soris ovatis oblongisve numerosissimis per totam frondem sparsis.

Var. 8; fronde subsessili ovata vel suborbiculari, margine pinnatifido eroso-denticulato.

Var. y; fronde dichotoma denticulata crispata.

Var. 8? ; fronde dichotoma, margine integerrimo undato-crispato.

Has. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, and East Coast, Zyall. Maketu, Chapman. Tauranga, Davies.

This resembles N. Bonnemaisoni in habit, but is almost always denticulate at the margin.

5. Nitophyllum multimerve, Hook. fil. et Harv., Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 473. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 119.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 666. Cryptopleura multinervis, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 870.

Has. Massacre Bay, Cook's Straits, Chalky Bay, Middle Island, and east side of Southern Island,
Lyall. (Native of Falkland Islands.)

6. Nitophyllum minus, Sond.; dense ceespitosa, pusilla, fronde sessili e basi dichotomo-pinnata, seg-
mentis linearibus angustis divaricato-patentibus obtusis multifidis, axillis omnibus latis, soris terminalibus
solitariis oblongis vel orbiculatis.—Cryptopleura minor, Sond. in Preiss. Pl. v. 2. p. 194. Harv. Ner. Austr.
4-118. |J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 655.

Has. Parasitical on various Alge. East Coast, Colenso. Tauranga, Davies. (Native of New
Holland.)

Mr. Colenso’s specimens are very similar to one communicated by M. Sonder. Mr. Davies’s are twice as

broad, but in other respects the same.

7. Nitophyllum uncinatum, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 654?
VOL. U. 38

242 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

Has. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. (Native of Europe.)
Our specimens are not in fruit, but have the habit of the European N. uncinatum.

8. Nitophyllum? suborbiculare, Harv.; fronde pusilla subsessili rotundata indivisa, margine integer-
rimo vel crenato-lobato, cystocarpiis sorisque per totam frondem dense conspersis.

Has. Parasitical on Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. Hawkes Bay,
Colenso.

Frond with a very minute setaceous stipes, or subsessile, suddenly expanding into a roundish, delicately mem-
branaceous, entire lamina, about 1 inch in diameter, and of a bright rosy-red colour. Lamina composed of a single
layer of irregularly angular cells, of moderate size. — Conceptacles scattered over the surface, prominent on both sides,
depressed, spheroidal, with thick walls composed of several rows of cells in radiating lines. Nucleus not perfectly
seen in the few cuttings made. Tetraspores formed in slightly thickened, depressed, wart-like sori scattered over
the surface.

We are not quite certain of the genus of this plant, the nucleus requiring a careful re-examination, when more
specimens shall have been obtained. Should it have the structure of the Rhodymeniacee, as we half suspect, the
genus may be called déroteia.

Gen. LVI. SARCODIA, J. 4g.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 622. Rhodymente sp., Hook. et Harv.)
1. Sarcodia Montagneana, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 623. Rhodymenia Montagneana, Hook. fl. et
Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 544. Harv. Ner. Austr. t.48. Rhodophyllis Montagneana, Kiitz. Sp. Alg.

2. (Sí
Haz. Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Lyall.

A very distinct genus, with a curious and beautiful structure of frond.

Gen. LVII. PHACELOCARPUS, Endl. et Dies.
(Endl. et Dies. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 290. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 646. Ctenodus, Kütz. Phyc, Gen. p. 407.)

1. Phacelocarpus Labillardieri, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 648, Ctenodus Labillardieri, Kitz. Phyc.
Gen. p. 407. t. 58. f. 2. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 549. Fucus Labillardieri, Mert. in
Turn. Hist. t. 137.

Has. Common, Sinclair, Lyall, Colenso, ete. (Native of New Holland.)

Gen. LVIII. MELANTHALIA, Mont.
(Mont. An. Sc. Nat. 1843. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 784. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 611.)

1. Melanthalia abscissa, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p.548. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 613.
Fucus abscissus, Turn. Hist. t. 223. Chondrococcus abscissus, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 159.

Has. New Zealand, Banks.

2. Melanthalia Jaubertiana, Mont., Pl. Cell. Exot. v. 4. p. 36. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 613. Hook.
fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 548. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 184.

Haz. Abundant in several localities, Sinclair, J. D. H., Lyall, Colenso, ete. (Native of Tasmania.)

We retain this species in deference to the opinions of Dr. Montagne and Professor J. Agardh, although unable

to point out a character by which it can be distinguished from JM. abscissa, of which we consider M. Jaubertiana to
be only a more developed form.

Alge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 243

Gen. LIX. GRACILARIA, Grev.
(Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 121. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 584. Plocaria, Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 50. Spherococei sp., Kütz.)

l. Gracilaria confervoides, Grev., Aly. Brit. p. 123. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 65. J. Ag. Sp. Álg. v. 2.
p. 587. Fucus confervoides, Turn. Hist. t. 84. E. Bot. t. 1668, etc.

Has, Otago and Ruapuke, Lyall. Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. Tauranga, Davies. (Native of temperate
and tropical oceans.)

2. Gracilaria multipartita, var. polycarpa, Grev., Harv. Phye. Brit. t.15. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 600.
Spheerococeus polycarpus, Grev. Crypt. Scot. t. 352. Fucus granateus, Turn. Hist. t. 915.
Has. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Zyall. (Native of temperate and tropical oceans. Rare in England.)

3. Gracilaria coriacea, Harv.; stipite brevi mox cuneato in frondem planam carnoso-coriaceam dicho-
tomo-flabelliformem desinente, laciniis cuneatis dichotomis vel vage fissis margineque nonnunquam folioli-
feris, axillis rotundatis apicibusque obtusis, conceptaculis numerosissimis per frondem sparsis depresso-hemi-
sphericis semi-immersis umbilicatis poro magno pertusis.—Rhodymenia? coriacea, Hook. fil. et Harv. in
Lond. J. Bot. v. 4, p. 545.

Has. Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, and Bay of Islands, Lyall.

This resembles G. multipartita in habit, but is very much thicker, more coriaceous, and minutely wrinkled when
dry. The conceptacles are deeply sunk in the frond, much depressed or umbilicate at the apex, with a small, basal
placenta, from which rise innumerable spore-threads. These, in our specimens, break up into innumerable minute
spores, more like those of a Rhodymenia than of a Gracilaria, but we suspect that they are immature or abortive.

Gen. LX. CALLIBLEPHARIS, Kitz.

(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 403. Sp. Alg. p. 755. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 618. Rhodymenie sp., Grev. et Auct.)

1. Calliblepharis? tenujfolia, Harv.; fronde tenuissime membranacea rosea dichotomo-pinnata et e
margine foliifera, laciniis basi maxime attenuatis oblongo-lanceolatis nunc subciliato-dentatis, coccidiis . . .
tetrasporis (zonatim divisis) sparsis.

Has. Chalky Bay, Lyal/.

Frond 6-8 inches long, 1 inch broad, with the aspect of C. ciliata, but very much thinner in substance, and

brighter in colour. Tetraspores scattered through all the laciniz, zonate.—The genus of this plant cannot be cer-
tainly ascertained till the conceptacles shall have been discovered. It may possibly be a Rhodophyliis.

Trise Vl. GELIDIACE/.

Gen. LXI. GELIDIUM, Lamour.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 466. Gelidium, Auct. excl. sp.)

l. Gelidium corneum, Lamour., Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 53. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 469. Kúte. Sp.
Alg. p. 164. Fucus corneus, Huds., Turn. Hist. t. 257. E. Bot. t. 1910, ete.

Haz. Hawke's Bay, Colenso. Banks’ Peninsula, Zya//. (Generally diffused.)

Besides an ordinary form, the var. clavatum, Grev. (cespitosum, J. Ag.), is sent by Mr. Colenso from Cape
Kidnapper, and another variety, growing on mussel-shells, from several localities, by Messrs. Colenso, Chapman, and
Davies. ‘This latter variety, which at first we felt disposed to keep distinct, may be called subulifolium. It is 1-2
inches high, nearly or quite terete, as thick as hog's-bristle, and closely pinnate throughout; the lowest pinnz short
and simple, the upper longer and compound. All the pinnules acute and thorn-like, mostly opposite. Colour dark,
lurid-purple.

244 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

2. Gelidium asperum, Grev., Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 475. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 475.
Has. New Zealand, Baume, fide J. Ag. l.c. (New Holland.)

Gen. LXII. PTEROCLADIA, J. 4g.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 489. Gelidii sp., Auct.)

1. Pterocladia lucida, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 483. Gelidium lucidum, Sond. Pl. Preiss. v. 2. p. 174.

Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 549. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 163. Fucus lucidus, Br. in Turn.
Hist. t. 238.

Has. Very abundant. (Native of New Holland.)

A most variable plant, sporting quite as much as Gelidium corneum. Pterocladia is only to be known from

Gelidium by the structure of the conceptacle. In external habit, and in the structure of the frond, there is a close
resemblance.

Gen. LXIIT. HYPNEA, Lamour.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 438. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 758, etc.)

1. Hypnea musciformis, Lamour. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 442. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 108. Fucus mus-
eiformis, Wulf. Turn. Hist. t. 127.

Has. New Zealand, Banks. (Native of tropical and sub-tropical seas.)

We have not seen any New Zealand specimens of this plant.

Gen. LXIV. CAULACANTHUS, Küte.
(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 395. Sp. Alg. p. 753. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 432. Olivia, Mont. El. Alg. p. 126.)
1. Caulacanthus spinellus, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 153. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 434. Rhodomela? spinella,
Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 534. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 36.
Has. On corallines, mussel-shells, etc. Common, Colenso.

We formerly misunderstood the affinities of this little plant, which is a true species of Caulacanthus.

Trim VII. OH BTANGIER,.

Gen. LXV. APOPHL(GA, Harv.
(Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. iv. 549. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 795. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 457.)
l. Apophlea Sinclairii, Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 550. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 195. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.
v. 9. p. 548. (Tas. CXVL 2.)
Has. New Zealand, Sinclair, Wilkes, Colenso.

Pate CXVI. 2. Fig. 1, plant, attached to a stone; 2, cross section of a minute portion of the frond; 3, tetra-
spore-cavity from the same; 4, tetraspores; 5, peripheric filaments of the frond :—more or less highly magnified.

2. Apophlea Lyall, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde stipitata flabelliformi fastigiata dichotome ramosis-
sima, ramis pluries furcatis flexuosis patentibus crassissimis, axillis rotundatis: apicibusque obtusis, strato
corticali madefacto persistente. (Tas. CXVI. 4.)

Var. B. gigartinoides ; fronde minori omnibus partibus dimidio graciliori, ceeterum simillima.

Has. On rocks, Preservation Harbour, Middle Island; and var. 8 at Otago, Zyall.

Fronds, in var. a, 5—6 inches long, with a slender stipes, which gradually increases in diameter upwards, forks
about an inch above the base, and then attains from 14-2 lines in diameter. It afterwards forks eight or nine times,
the diameter remaining nearly the same, until at the final furcations it rapidly diminishes. .4zils all rounded, and

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 245

apices obtuse. Tetraspores attached to the walls of cavities hollowed out of the cortical layer of the branches, over
which they are abundantly scattered. The structure of the frond is similar to that of 4. Sinclairü, but the cortical
layer does not effloresce on immersion in fresh water, after having been dried.—PrATE CXVI. 4. Fig. 1, plant, and
2, the same, var. (8, both of the natural size; 3, cross section of a minute portion of the frond, with the immersed
tetraspore-cavities ; 4, tetraspores :—both highly magnified.

Treise VIII. SQUAMARIER.

Gen. LXVI. PEYSSONNELIA, Dene.
(Dene. Pl. Arab. p. 168. J.Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 92; Sp. Alg. ii. 499. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 695. Harv. Phyc. Brit.)

1, Peyssonnelia rugosa, Harv. ; fronde arctissime adnata expansa orbiculari intense rubro-fusca, super-
ficie rugosissima.

Haz. On the surface of sand-covered rocks, Cape Kidnapper, Colenso.

Fronds 1-2 inches broad, attached by the whole of the under surface, more or less orbicular, the upper surface
wrinkled all over without regularity. Colour a very dark reddish-brown. Sudstance membranaceo-coriaceous,
thicker than in P. Dubyi.—We have not seen fruit, but the structure of the frond is the same as in others of this

genus.

Trise IX. HELMINTHOCLADIEZ.

Gen. LXVII. NEMALION, 2uby.
(Duby, Bot. Gall. p. 959. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 417. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 712, eto.)

1. Nemalion ramulosum, Harv.; fronde vermiformi compressa (2-3 lineas lata) quaquaversum ramosa
vel subdichotoma, ramis crebris inzequilongis patentissimis simplicibus furcatisve iterum ramulosis, apicibus
obtusis.

Has. Otea, Lyall.

Frond 6 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, compressed, once or twice forked, and densely set with lateral branches
and ramuli, spreading irregularly to every side. Branches of very unequal lengths, long and short intermixed; in
our specimens 1-2 inches long, horizontally spreading, obtuse, simple, or set with lateral ramuli, their ends often
divaricately forked. Axis composed of densely interwoven, slender filaments; periphery of elongated, dichotomous
filaments. Fruit unknown.—This appears a well-marked species, but probably varies much in ramification, We
have seen very few specimens.

Gen. LXVIII. SCINAIA, Bivona.

(Bivona, in L'Tride, 1822. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 420. Ginannia, Mont. Canar. p. 162. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 40.
Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 69. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 715, etc.)

1. Scinaia furcellata, Bivona. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 422. Ginannia furcellata, Mont. Harv. Phye.
Brit. t. 69. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 548. Ulva furcellata, Æ. Bot. t. 1881.
Has. East Coast, Cunningham. (Native of temperate and subtropical seas.)
Tuss X. RHODYMENIACEZ.
Gen. LXIX. PLOCAMIUM, Zamour.

(Harv. Fl. Ant. p. 186. Ner. Austr. p. 121. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 39%. — Plocamium, Thamnophora, et Thamnocar-
pus, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 883.)

1. Plocamium coccineum, Lyngb., Hyd. Dan. p. 39. t. 9. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 44. Hook. fil. et
VOL. IL. 3R

246 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alga.

Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 186, v. 2. p. 474. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 8. p. 395. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 883. Fucus
coccineus, Huds. Turn. Hist. t. 59. LE. Bot. t. 1242.

Haz. Common all round the coast; many varieties, (Atlantic, Pacific, and Antarctic seas. ' Very rare
on east coast of North America.)

2. Plocamium costatum, Hook. fil. et Harv., Aly. Tasm. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 404. Harv. Ner.
Austr. p. 122. Kite. Sp. Alg. p. 886. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 403. Thamnophora costata, J. dy. in
Linnea xv. p. 10. T. Cunninghamii, Grev. :

Haz. Bay of Islands, etc., common. (New Holland and Tasmania.)

3. Plocamium procerum, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 542. Ner. Austr. p. 122. Tham-
nophora procera, J. Ag. in Linn. xv. p. 10.
Has. New Zealand, Lyall. (New Holland.)

4. Plocamium corallorhiza, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 542. Haro. Ner. Austr. p. 121.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 402. Thamnophora corallorhiza, dy. Sp. p. 225. Fucus corallorhiza e£ F. cir-
rhosus, Turn. Hist. tt. 96, 63.

Has. Dusky Bay, Forster. (Native of Cape of Good Hope.)

This locality requires verification.

5. Plocamium angustum, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 404. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 122.
Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 885. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 409. Thamnophora angusta, J. Ay. in Linn. xv. p. 10.
Has. New Zealand, common, Colenso, etc. (Native of New Holland.)

6. Plocamium abnorme, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 543. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 401.
Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 123.
Has. Bay of Islands, Lyall, J. D. H. Maketu, Chapman.

7. Plocamium cruciferum, Harv.; fronde costata angusta pectinato-pinnata, pinnis alterne geminis,
inferiore laciniisque superioris lineari-subulatis parum acutis integerrimis, sporophyllis axillaribus pedicellatis
tri-multilobatis cruciformibus vel palmatifidis lobis brevissimis oblongisve, tetrasporis numerosissimis.

Has. East Coast, Colenso.

Scarcely to be known from P. angustum, except by the difference in the sporophylla, which here resemble com-
positions of Greek foliated crosses or trefoils; sometimes, by excessive division, multiradiate. The lobes are short,
and the whole stichidium generally crowded with large tetraspores. Our New Zealand specimens of P. angustum
have sporophylla similar to those found on the original Tasmanian ones, and are larger than the present plant, with

shorter, more deltoid, and more acute ramuli.

8. Plocamium dispermum, Harv.; fronde costata angusta pectinato-pinnata decomposita subflabelli-
formi, pinnis alterne geminis, inferiore laciniisque superioris anguste subulatis acutis integerrimis, sporo-
phyllis axillaribus minutissimis decomposite ramosis ramis petiolatis ovatis oblongisve tetrasporas binas
foventibus, coccidiis supra-axillaribus sessilibus sparsis.

Has. Foveaux Straits, and Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Zyall. East Coast, Colenso.

Frond 6-12 inches long, + a line broad, stipitate, afterwards decompound, closely pectinato-pinnate, more or
less flabelliform. In the shape of the ramuli it resembles P. angustum, but the habit is different, and the form of
the sporophylla quite peculiar; each ovate, pedicellate lobe rarely containing more than two tetraspores, which are
of such large size as to fill the lobule. The ramification is most like that of P. abnorme, but the fruit is very
different.

A o a iaa tc

Se en, RENS

Alge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 247

Gen. LXX. RHODOPHYLLIS, Küte.
(Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 786. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 387. Stictophyllum, Kütz. Sp. Alg. 874. Euthore sp., J. Ag.
l. c. p. 885.)

1. Rhodophyllis Gunnii, Harv.; fronde tenui-membranacea rosea decomposita pinnatifida, laciniis
alternis subbipinnatifidis crebris, lacinulis crenato-dentatis, axillis rotundatis apicibusque obtusis, coccidiis
spheericis marginalibus, tetrasporis zonatim partitis prope apices laciniarum sparsis.—Cladhymenia? Gunnii,
Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 540. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 87. t. 39. Callophyllis Gunnii, Küte. Sp. Alg.
p. 146. Euthora Gunnii, J. dg. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 886.

Has. Dredged in fifteen fathoms, at Preservation Harbour, and found on the sandy beach at Chalky
Bay, West Coast, Lyall. (Native of Tasmania.)

Dr. Lyall’s specimens, with both descriptions of fruit, are very similar to those sent by Mr. Gunn from Tasma-
nia. The tetraspores are zonate, and not tripartite, as incorrectly shown in the plate in ‘Nereis Australis.’

2. Rhodophyllis membranacea, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde tenui-membranacea rubra (siccitate fus-
cescenti) punctis rubris minutissimis densissime conspersa decomposite pinnatifida et seepe prolifero-fim-
briata, laciniis alternis primariis latis secundariis angustis, lacinulis profunde lobatis pinnatifidisve, ultimis
lineari-oblongis subacutis basi angustatis, axillis rotundatis, coccidiis spheericis marginalibus, tetrasporis
zonatim partitis prope apices laciniarum sparsis.—Halymenia? membranacea, Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4.
p. 448. Rhodymenia membranacea, Harv. l. c. v. 6. p. 405. Stictophyllum membranaceum, Kütz. Sp.
Alg. p. 874, Euthora membranacea, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 385. (Tas. CXVII.)

Has. Cook's Straits, Lyall. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of Tasmania.)

Nearly related to the preceding, but with narrower segments and a more ragged habit, and a very fugacious
colour. Under a lens the whole frond appears closely dotted with dark red specks, which we formerly mistook for
tetraspores. The true tetraspores are confined to the ultimate lacinise, and are zonate. Our present specimens are
well furnished with fruit of both kinds.—PrATs CXVII. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, vertical section of a concep-
tacle; 3, spore-threads from the same ; 4, apex of a lacinia, with scattered tetraspores; 5, a tetraspore :—all more
or less highly magnified.

3. Rhodophyllis? angustifrons, Harv.; dense ceespitosa, intense rubra, fronde angustissima lineari e basi
dichotomo-decomposita, laciniis divaricatis sepe dichotomis nunc tri-multifidis, axillis rotundatis, apicibus
acutis v. obtusis, fructu . . . ?

Var. 8; duplo angustior, apicibus omnibus acutissimis.

Has. Port Nicholson and Bluff Harbour, Zyall.

Fronds densely tufted, 2-3 inches high, excessively branched from the base, dichotomous or irregularly partite ;
the lacinie from 4 line to a line, rarely more in breadth, preserving nearly the same width throughout, or slightly
widening upwards, widely spreading, the terminal ones frequently secund. Zpices either blunt or acute. Substance
membranaceous, adhering to paper.— The genus to which this plant should be referred cannot be ascertained till the
fruit be discovered.

4. Rhodophyllis? Zacerata, Harv.; stipite cartilaginea filiformi brevi mox complanato et in basi frondis
desinente, lamina tenuissime membranacea rosea subdichotoma, laciniis primariis latis secundariis sensim
angustatis dichotomo-multifidis, ultimis elongatis attenuatis acutis fere subulatis hic illic parcissime denti-
culatis, fructu..."

Has. On rocks at Port William, Lyall. (A single specimen.)

We.do not like to found species on single specimens, and yet are unwilling to omit some notice of this plant,
which can hardly be referred to the preceding; and we are unable to point to any nearer relationship.

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [| Alga.

Gen. LXXI. RHODYMENIA, Grev. ref.

(Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 84 (ref.). J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 375.)

1. Rhodymenia sanguinea, Harv.; stipite tereti brevi mox cuneato-applanato et in basi frondis abeunte,
fronde purpureo-sanguinea palmato-dichotoma profunde laciniata, laciniis latis angustisve cuneatis apice
attenuatis margine simplici vel foliifero, foliolis cuneatis, axillis rotundatis, cystocarpiis hemispheericis
numerosissimis per totam frondem tetrasporisque per lacinias minores densissime sparsis.

Has. Foveaux Straits, Lyall.

Fronds rising for half an inch, with a cylindrical stipes, which then flattens into the cuneate base of the lamina,
sometimes an inch, sometimes 2-3 inches to the first fork. Frond 12-14 inches long, as much or more in the ex-
pansion of the lacinise, deeply divided; lacinize from half an inch to one or two inches broad, cuneate, attenuated to
the apex. Sometimes the apices are truncate, and then frequently foliiferous; the leaflets cuneate, either truncate or
pointed; margin entire or-foliiferous. Conceptacles very numerous, hemispherical, scattered over the whole frond;
nucleus often partially barren. — Tetraspores tripartite, densely scattered over the lesser lacinie and the accessory
leaflets. Colour a fine purplish blood-red. Substance firmly membranaceous, thickish.

2. Rhodymenia Zanceolata, Harv.; fronde (vix nota) . . . in lacinias lanceolatas elongatas basi et
apice acutas integerrimas partita, cystocarpiis tetrasporisque per totam frondem densissime sparsis.

Haz. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Zyall.

We have only seen imperfect specimens of this seemingly distinct species. It may possibly be only a variety
of the preceding, but the substance is softer, and the cortical layer more developed. Lacinie 6-8 inches long, quite
simple, 4 an inch to an inch broad, tapering, but not considerably, to the base and the acute apex. Colour a pur-
plish blood-red.

3. Rhodymenia epymenioides, Harv. ; stipite brevissimo cartilagineo in frondis costa mox evanescente
prolongato, fronde tenui-membranacea rosea dichotoma flabelliformi basi cuneata costata, laciniis cuneato-
linearibus patentibus obtusis rotundatis v. marginatis, fructu . . . ?

Has. On stems of 4seidie, Otago Harbour, Lyall.

Stipes 3 inch long, cartilaginous, prolonged as an evanescent rib, into the cuneate base of the many times dicho-
tomous, flabelliform frond. Lacinie + inch wide, linear or somewhat cuneate, very obtuse, the axils sometimes
rounded, sometimes subacute. Colour rosy-red. Substance delicately membranous, thin, adhering to paper. Cells
of the medullary stratum large, thin-walled, rapidly expanding when moistened.— It is difficult, by a character, to
distinguish this plant from R. dichotoma, but the microscopic appearance is different. Here the cells rapidly expand
when a thin slice is moistened, whilst they are opened with much difficulty in R. dichotoma. Our present plant
strongly resembles Zpymenia obtusa, but the substance is thinner, and the structure different. Fruit unknown.

4. Rhodymenia corallina, Grev. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 2. p.415. Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, p. 155.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 379. Spheerococcus corallinus, Bory, Voy. Cog. p. 115. t. 16. Rich. Voy. Astr.
N. Zeal. p. 3.

Has. D'Urville Island, Cook's Straits, and Hast Coast, lat. 43°, Zyall. (Native of Chili.)

Our specimens are without fruit, and more densely tufted than usual.

5. Rhodymenia dichotoma, Hook. fil. et Harv., F7. Ant. v. 1. p. 186. 7. 72. f.1. Callophyllis dichotoma,
Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 146.

Has. Dredged in eight fathoms, Queen Charlotte’s Sound, Lya//. (Native of the Auckland Islands.)

6. Rhodymenia linearis, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 979. R. Palmetta, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot.
v. T. p. 444. (nec Ag.)

Álge.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 249

Has. East Coast, Colenso, Otago, Lyall. Auckland Islands, Zurnbull. (Native of South Africa p

This is only to be known from R. Palmetta by the apiculated conceptacles, scattered over the lacini. The
first specimens we received were without fruit, and we mistook them. Mr. Colenso has recently sent us fruiting spe-
cimens. The sori of tetraspores are terminal, as in R. Palmetta, and the individuals that bear them are broader and
less compound than the others.

7. Rhodymenia prolifera, Harv.; stipite brevi mox in basi cuneata frondis desinente, lamina dichotoma,
laciniis patentibus linearibus vel subcuneatis parum divisis apice proliferis, foliolis linearibus subacutis basi
attenuatis simplicibus vel furcatis swpe pedicellatis, cystocarpiis hemisphzericis sparsis, soris indefinitis ab
apice attenuato remotis.

Has. Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Allied to P. linearis, but larger, of thicker substance, with differently placed tetraspores and generally prolife-
rous; the foliations stipitate, simple or forked. Frond 4—8 inches long, distantly forked; the axils rounded; the
lacinize from + inch to nearly 1 inch wide in the widest part. Colour, when dry, a dull brownish-red.

Tribe XI. CRYPTONEMIACE ZA.
Gen. LXXII. STENOGRAMMA, Harv.

(Harv. Bot. Beechey Voy. p. 408. Phyc. Brit. t. 157. Mont. in Duch. Rev. Bot. p.481. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 873.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 390.)

1. Stenogramma interrupta, Mont. in Duch. Rev. Bot. 1846, p. 488. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 157. Kútz.
Sp. Alg. p. 873. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 391. S. Californica, Harv. Beechey, p. 408. Kútz. Sp. p. 814.
Delesseria interrupta, Ay. Syst. p. 250. Mont. in Webb. Ot. Hisp. t. 8.

Has. Hast Coast, Colenso. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, and Chalky Bay, West Coast, Zyall. (Native
of Spain, South of England, South of Ireland, Keys of Florida and California.)

Splendid specimens, with both kinds of fruit.

Gen. LXXII. EPYMENIA, Kütz.
(Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 787. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 219.)
1. Epymenia obtusa, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 187. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 220. Phyllophora obtusa, Grev.

Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 187, et v. 9. p. 486.
Has. East Coast, Colenso, Lyall. (Native of Cape of Good Hope, and Antarctic shores.)

Dr, Lyall’s specimens have narrower and less divided segments than usual, some of them narrowed to an obtuse
point; but we have Cape of Good Hope individuals nearly similar.

2. Epymenia acuta, Harv.; fronde basi cuneata alte et valide costata flabelliformi pluries dichotoma,
laciniis patentibus lato-linearibus apice attenuatis subacutis.
Has. Akaroa, Lyall.

Frond 5-6 inches high, flabelliform, subfastigiate, cuneate at the base, repeatedly dichotomous, with a strong
rib, which branches at the principal lobes, one branch running up each segment, and vanishing about the middle.
Segments patent, ii inch broad, linear, the ultimate ones attenuate to an acute or subobtuse point.—Possibly only
a variety of E, obtusa, but a smaller and more strongly ribbed plant.

VOD. IT. 3s

250 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Alge.

Gen. LXXIV. GYMNOGONGRUS, Mart.
(Mart. Bras. p. 27. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 313. Zylocarpus, Oncotylus, et Chondri sp., Kütz.)

1. Gymnogongrus furcellatus, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 318. Sphsrococeus furcellatus, dy. Syst.
p.917. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 137. Gracilaria furcata e G. torulosa, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4.
p. 545, et v. T. p. 444.

Has. Not uncommon, Colenso, Lyall. (West coast of South America.)

A very variable plant, of which we have now received several varieties. Our former Specimens were imperfect,
and led us into error.

2. Gymnogongrus vermicularis, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 928. Chondrus vermicularis, Grev. Kütz.
Sp. Alg. p. 139. Fucus vermicularis, Turn. Hist. t. 221.

Has. Milford Haven, Zyall. (Cape of Good Hope, and western South America.)

Some specimens of Mr. Colenso’s, from Hawke’s Bay, belong to this genus, but are too imperfect to be satis-
factorily described.

Gen. LXXV. CALLOPHYLLIS, Kitz.
(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 400. Sp. Alg. p. 744. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 296. Rhodymeme sp., Auct.)

1. Callophyllis variegata, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 145. J. Ay. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 802. Rhodymenia variegata,
Mont. Póle Sud, p. 156. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 475. Spheerococcus variegatus, Bory, Cog.
t. 14.

Has. Tauranga, Davies. (Antarctic shores, and extratropical South America.)

2. Callophyllis erosa, Hook. fil. et Harv. ; fronde sublineari pinnato-dichotoma decomposita nunc cre-
berrime nunc distanter ramosa, laciniis erecto-patentibus plus minus compositis elongatis lobulis margina-
libus eroso-dentatis lacinulatisve ornatis, axillis omnibus rotundatis apicibusque acutis, cystocarpiis sphericis
ad marginem sessilibus. (Tas. CXVIII.)

Has. Foveaux Straits, and Port Cooper, Lyall.

Variable in habit, sometimes very densely, sometimes distantly branched, 6-12 inches long, the principal laciniee
from 2 to 3 an inch wide, erecto-patent or very erect, between pinnate and dichotomous, or alternately decompound.
Frond often margined with small, eroso-dentate lobules. Conceptacles sessile on the edge of the frond, projecting
beyond the margin. Colour a fine purple-crimson.— 1t adheres to paper in drying.—Pıare OXVIII. Fig. 1, plant,
natural size ; 2, portion of a lacinia with marginal conceptacles ; 3, section of the frond; 4, tetraspores :—more or less
magnified.

3. Callophyllis asperata, Harv.; fronde tenui-membranacea subsessili flabelliformi dichotomo-palmata
subfastigiata, laciniis sursum latioribus apiceque crenato-multifidis margine simplici vel crispo et fimbriato,
lamina processibus ciliiformibus pluribus asperata, cystocarpiis sphzerico-convexis disco frondis immersis.

Haz. Port Nicholson, Cook's Straits, Lyall.

Frond 4-5 inches long, sessile, flabelliform and fastigiate, repeatedly dichotomous or subpalmately decompound ;
the segments 4-1 inch wide, broader upwards, crenato-multifid at the expanded and fastigiate apex. The margin
is either flat or much curled, sometimes ciliiferous: the lamina is very generally asperated with minute, scattered,
subulate processes. Conceptacles scattered over the disc. Colour a rosy crimson. Substance delicately membrana-

ceous, closely adhering to paper in drying.

4. Callophyllis coccinea, Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 405. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 146. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.
v. 2. p. 301.

Has. Tauranga, Davies. (Tasmania.)

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Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 251

5. Callophyllis Hombroniana, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 746. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 808. Rhodymenia
Hombroniana, Mont. Pöle Sud, p. 157. t. 1.. 2. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 186. t. 19:79;

Has. Foveaux Straits, Lyall. Hast Coast, Colenso. “ A truly lovely A/ga, sometimes two feet long,"
Colenso. (Auckland Islands.)

6. Callophyllis acanthocarpa, Harv.; fronde basi cuneata palmatim vel subdichotome fissa vel in laci-
niis pluribus vage partita, laciniis patentibus sepissime fimbriatis, fimbriis indivisis vel multifidis aculeatis,
cystocarpiis marginalibus vel in fimbrillis immersis aculeato-echinatis.

Has. On stems of Ascidia, Middle Island and Hast Coast, and at Cape Cooper, Lyall. Fast Coast,
Colenso.

Of this we have seen but few specimens, and, notwithstanding their peculiarities, we almost fear that they
belong to a variety of C. Homóroniana, from which species the present, if permanently distinct, will chiefly differ in
its aculeate conceptacles.

Gen. LXXVI. KALLYMENIA, J. 49.
(J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 98. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 18. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 284. Huhymenia, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 741.)

l. Kallymenia Harveyana, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 288. Euhymenia Harveyana, Kitz. Sp. Aly. p. 148.
Haz. Blind Bay, Cook's Straits, Lya//. (Native of the Cape of Good Hope.)

A single specimen only, found by Dr. Lyall.

Gen. LXXVIL GIGARTINA, Lamour.

(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 260. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 174.)

l. Gigartina pistillata, Lamour. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 264. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 149. Mont. Póle
Sud, p. 119. Gigartina divaricata, Hook. Jil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 187.

Var. B. dilatata ; stipite mox compresso sensim applanato cuneato in frondem lato-linearem planam
dichotomam flabellatam desinente, laciniis distiche pinnatis, pinnulis divaricato-patentibus basi angustatis
acutis vel obtusis.

Var. y. erinacea ; fronde applanata dichotomo-flabelliformi et distiche pinnata ramulis numerosissimis
capsuliferis utrinque densissime echinata.

Haz. Several localities round the coast, Colenso, Lyall. (Native of South of Europe; and of Corn-
wall, England, in one spot only.)

Had we not a suite of specimens connecting these very remarkable varieties with the ordinary state of the
species, which also occurs, but seemingly more rarely, at New Zealand, we should not have ventured to bring together
plants which at first sight are so different. Our variety dilatata, in its broadest state, has segments fully half an
inch in breadth, and quite flat. Though our specimens of G. divaricata are few and imperfect, we fear they must
be referred to one of the varying forms of the species.

2. Gigartina Chapmanni, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde teretiuscula filiformi siccitate compresso-canali-
culata alterne decomposita ramosissima, ramis flexuosis vage divisis, ramulis sparsis subulatis divaricato-
patentibus. (Tas. CXIX. B.).

Has. Maketu, Chapman.

We have seen but a solitary specimen, and should probably have referred it to G. acicularis, but that the frond
is much more slender, not much thicker than hog’s-bristle, and much more branched than in any state of G. acicularis

252 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [| Alge.

known to us. Two inches long.—PrATE CXIX. B. Fig. 1, plant, the natural size; 2, a branch and ramuli, magnified ;
3, cross section of a fragment of the frond, highly magnified.

3. Gigartina decipiens, Hook. fil. et Harv.—Iridzea decipiens, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4.
p. 547. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 257. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 128.

Has. New Zealand, Raoul.

4. Gigartina ancistroclada, Mont., Voy. Póle Sud, p. 121. t. T. f. 4. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 151. J. Ag.
Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 212.
Haz. Akaroa, D’ Urville. Otago, Lyall.

5. Gigartina alveata, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 271. Chondrus alveatus, Grev. Hook. fil. et Harv. in
Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 547. Fucus alveatus, Turn. Hist. t. 239.

Has. New Zealand, Banks, Cunningham, J. D. H.

6. Gigartina Zivida, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 270. Mont. Pöle Sud, p.120. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 6. p. 407. Fucus lividus, Turn. Hist. t. 254.

Has. Paroa Bay, Otago, and Jackson's Bay, Lyall. (Native of Tasmania.)

7. Gigartina Chauvini, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 268. Mont. Bonit. p. 72. Spheerococcus Chauvinii,
Bory, Cog. t. 20.

Has. New Zealand, D’ Urville. (Native of extratropical South America.)

8. Gigartina striata, A. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 277. Tridæa stiriata, Bory. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond.
J. Bot. v. 4. p. 547. Fucus stiriatus, Turn. Hist. t. 16.
Haz. Paroa Bay, Lyall. (Native of the Cape of Good Hope.)

9. Gigartina Radula, J. Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 278. Mastocarpus Radula e£ bracteatus, es Chondrodic-
tyon Capense, Kite. Iridea Radula, Bory, Cog. p. 107. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 188, et v. 2.
p. 485. Fucus bracteatus, Turn. Hist. t. 95.

Has. Bay of Islands, etc., J. D. H. (Native of the Cape of Good Hope and Pacific Ocean.)

Gen. LXXVIII. IRIDAA, Bory.
(Bory, Coq. p. 103 (excl. sp.). J. Ag. Sp. Ale. ii. 250. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 178.)
l. lridea micans, Bory, Voy. Cog. p. 110. ¢. 13 e£ 13 dis. Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, p. 104. Hook.
fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. pp. 263, 548.
Has. Akaroa, D’ Urville. (Antarctic shores and South America.)

2. Iridea Zanceolata, Harv.; frondibus gregariis corneo-membranaceis, stipite lineari-cuneato foliolis
pinnato in laminam lanceolatam attenuatam undato-crispatam purpureo-sanguineam sensim dilatato.

Has. Otago, Lyall.

Fronds many from the same base, 1-2 feet long, rising with a linear-cuneate, flat stipes, about 1 inch long
and l or 2 lines broad, which is pinnated with patent, linear, or lanceolate leaflets, and gradually widens into
the base of the lamina. Lamina lanceolate, gradually tapering to each end, 1-3 inches broad, undate and variously
crisped. Colour a purplish-red, brightening in fresh water. Substance rather rigid. It imperfectly adheres to
paper. Fruit unknown.—Allied to Z. laminarioides, but seemingly distinct.

3. Iridza Zusoria, Harv. Rhodymenia lusoria, Grev. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. v. 2. p. 329. Hook.
Jil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 544.
Has. Hast Coast, Cunningham.

Our specimens are very imperfect, but have the structure of frond proper to this genus.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 253

Gen. LXXIX. HALYMENIA, 4g. ref.
(J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 95; Sp. Alg. ii. 197. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 192.)

1. Halymenia Nove-Zelandia, Mont., Voy. Póle Sud, p. 11. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 716. J. Ag. Sp. Aly.
v. 9. p. 207. H- Urvilleana, Mont. l. c. t. 19. f. 2.
Has. Akaroa, D Urville.

Unknown to us, unless our Nemastoma Daviesii be a synonym.

Gen. LXXX. CHRYSYMENIA, J. Ag.
(J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 105; Sp. Alg. ii. 209. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 187.)

1. Chrysymenia? polydactyla, Hook. fil. et Harv.; caule filiformi solido subdichotome decomposito
ramosissimo ramulis lineari-fusiformibus basi et apice subacutis simplicibus tubulosis pinnatim obsito?
fructu. 5. E as. CXIX. 4)

Has. South Harbour, Southern Island, Lyall.

Stem 8—4 inches long, twice as thick as hog's-bristle at the base, attenuated upwards, solid, much branched,
between dichotomous and alternate, the larger branches angularly flexuous, the lesser straight, virgate, alternate or
secund. Branches densely set with alternate, secund, or somewhat fasciculate, finger-like, hollow ramuli, subacute at
the base and apex. Substance firmly membranaceous, scarcely adhering to paper in drying. Colour a dull, dark
purplish-red. No fruit seen.—Apparently related to C. uvaria ; but until the fruit be discovered, the genus must
be doubtful.—PrATE CXIX. 4. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, apex of a branch and hollow ramuli; 3, cross section
of a branch; 4, cross section of a ramulus; 5, tetraspores :—all more or less magnified.

Gen. LXXXI. CHYLOCLADIA, J. Ay.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 860. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 185.)

1. Chylocladia wmbellata, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde tereti subtrichotoma, ramis primariis apice
hamatis infra apicem latere convexo ramos sepius ternos quaternosye emittentibus, ramis minoribus basi
constrictis clavatis curvatis apice ramulis ter-quaternis vesiculeeformibus coronatis. (Tas. CXIX. C.)

Has. Port Underwood, Cook's Straits, Zyall.

Fronds 1-2 inches long, about 4 a line in diameter, terete, trichotomous, all the primary branches curved and
hooked at the summit, and emitting, below the apex on the convex side, three or four erect, linear-clavate, slightly
curved, lesser branches. These either throw out a second set from their apex, or are crowned with three or four
small, ovate or oblong, obtuse ramuli, which no doubt lengthen into clavate branches. Colour a dull purple.—
Allied to C. articulata, but very distinct.—PrATE CXIX. C. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, umbellate ramuli ; 3, eross
section of a ramulus ; 4, structure of the frond :—more or less magnified.

2. Chylocladia secunda, Hook. fil. et Harv. Chrysymenia secunda, Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot.
v. 4. p. 548.

Has. Akaroa, Raoul. Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall.

Can this be Dumontia pusilla, Mont. Póle Sud, p. 105. t. 13. f. 2?

3. Chylocladia? cespitosa, Harv.; ceespitosa, parvula, caule curvato arcuato (radicante ?) ramos erectos
opposite pinnatos v. verticillatim ramosos emittente, ramulis fusiformibus oppositis vel quaternis basi parum
constrictis apice attenuatis acutis majoribus curvatis.

Haz. Port Nicholson, Lyall.

A doubtful species, requiring further examination. We have seen but one immature specimen. It may pos-
sibly be only a variety of C. clavellosa, though the occasionally quaternate ramuli are unlike that Species.

VOL. IL, 87

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alge.

Gen. LXXXII. DASYPHLGA, Mont.
(Mont. Voy. Péle Sud, p. 100. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 215.)
1. Dasyphlea insignis, Mont., Póle Sud, p. 102. t. 8.f. 3. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 191. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.

v. 9. p. 215.
Has. Akaroa, D’ Urville.

Gen. LXXXIII. DUMONTIA, Lamour.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 348.)
1. Dumontia filiformis, Grev., Aly. Brit. p. 165. t. 11. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 95, et Sup. t. 857. J.

Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 850. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 189.
Haz. Tidal rocks, Tuingara, near Cape Turnagain, Colenso. (Native of Europe.)

Gen. LXXXIV. CATENELLA, Grev.
(Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 166. t. 17. J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 89; Sp. Alg. ii. 351. Kütz. Phyc. Gen. t. 16. f. 4.
i; Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 201.)
1. Catenella Opuntia, Grev., Alg. Brit. p. 166. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 88. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 352.
Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 724. Fucus Opuntia, Turn. Hist. t. 107.
Has. Bay of Islands, J.D. H. (Native of Europe.)

Gen. LXXXV. PRIONITIS, J. 4g.
(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 185. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 197.)

1. Prionitis Colensoi, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde plana lato-lineari nigrescente vage subpinnatim com-
posita, ramis suboppositis patentibus basi angustatis extra medium dilatatis margineque eroso-dentatis vel
fimbriato-lobulatis, lobulis apice denticulatis vel simplicibus in;qualibus crebris, apicibus obtusis axillisque
rotundatis. (Tas. CXX. 4.)

Has. Rocks near Cape Turnagain, Colenso.

Fronds 6-8 inches long, 4 inch broad, branched from the base, irregularly pinnate. Branches 3-4 inches long,
flat, opposite or irregular, narrowed below, dilated beyond the middle, and thence linear-oblong, obtuse or somewhat
attenuated. In the lower part the margin is simple, above it is fimbriate or lacero-dentate, the lobes minute, 1-2
lines long, denticulate at the dilated apex. Structure as in the genus. Fruit unknown. Colour, when dry, very
dark brown, or nearly black. Substance rigid.—1t does not adhere to paper in drying.—Puarz CXX. 4. Fig. 1, plant,

natural size; 2, section of the frond, highly magnified.

Gen. LXXXVI. NEMASTOMA, J. Ay.
(J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 89; Sp. Alg. ii. 162. Gymnophleca, Kütz.)

1. Nemastoma (Arzotes) intestinalis, Harv.; fronde succosa (strato medullari laxissimo) compresso-
tubulosa lineari vage ramosa, ramis intestineformibus simplicibus furcatisve basi constrictis apice attenua-
tis acutis, favellis per totam frondem sparsis plexu denso filorum circumdatis.

Has. On rocks, Preservation Harbour, Lyadt.

Fronds 6-8 inches long, 1-1 inch wide, compressed (?), cylindrical, divided irregularly into three or four
simple or once-forked branches, which are constricted at their insertion, and taper to an acute point, sometimes
tipped with a pair of mucrones, which probably lengthen into branches. Substance very thin and delicate, full of

Alge.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 255

viscid matter. The medullary stratum consists of a few, very slender, distant, anastomosing filaments; the exterior
of a reticulated plexus passing off into the periphery in moniliform filaments. Colour a purplish-red. It closely
adheres to paper in drying. Favellæ suspended below the periphery, and enclosed in a dense plexus of filaments.

2. Nemastoma? attenuata, Harv.; fronde (simplici?) carnoso-membranacea succosa (strato medullari
laxo) compressa lineari-attenuata, tetrasporis cruciatis sparsis.

Has. Jackson's Bay, Zyall. :

Of this we have only seen an imperfect specimen, about fifteen inches long, and a third of an inch wide in the
lower part, from which it gradually tapers to the apex. It is either the upper part of a simple frond, or a portion
of a branch ofa slightly divided one. In either case it seems nearly related to N. intestinalis, but is of much thicker
and firmer substance, and quite distinct.

3. Nemastoma pinnata, Hook. fil. et Harv.; fronde plana carnoso-membranacea decomposite pinnata,
pinnis patentibus suboppositis lineari-lanceolatis basi et apice longe attenuatis, pinnulis filiformibus inaequa-
libus subhorizontalibus, tetrasporis cruciatis sparsis. (Tas. CX X. B.)

Has. Akaroa, Zyall. (Only one specimen.)

Frond 4-5 inches long, and about as much in the expansion of the branches, undivided or once forked, closely
and pretty regularly pinnated throughout; the pinnee distichous, opposite or subalternate, patent, much attenuated
to each end, two or three lines broad at the widest part, pinnulated with subhorizontal, ciliiform pinnules of irre-
gular length. Tetraspores cruciate, dispersed. Medullary stratum tolerably compact, passing off at the outward edge
into a network of anastomosing filaments, from which spring the moniliform peripheric filaments. Substance soft.
Colour a pale red.—It closely adheres to the paper in drying.—Puate CXX. B. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2,
section of the frond; 3, a tetraspore :—bot» highly magnified.

4. Nemastoma Davies, Harv. ; fronde stipitata foliacea gelatinoso-membranacea ovato-lanceolata sub-
pinnata disticha, rachide simplici vel furcata, pinnis lato-lanceolatis vel subovatis basi et apice attenuatis
undato-crispatis patentibus dentatis v. ciliatis, favellis numerosissimis per frondem sparsis.

Has. Tauranga, Davies. Port Underwood, Lyall.

Frond 6-8 inches long, expanded, leaf-like, more or less regularly pinnate, the principal rachis from 3-13 inch
wide, oblong or lanceolate, or irregularly sinuate, pinnated with numerous, lateral, ovato-lanceolate lobes, 4 inch to
an inch wide, 2-4 inches long, crisped and curled, irregularly dentate, lobulate or margined with ciliiform processes
All the divisions taper to the base and apex. Colour purplish-red, changing to blood-red. Substance gelatinoso-
membranaceous, closely adhering to paper. Fuvelle, on one of our specimens, very abundant.

5. Nemastoma endiviafolia, Harv. ; fronde e basi cuneata vage dichotoma vel palmatifida et laciniata,
nunc anguste lmeari multifida apicibus acutis tri-quadrifurcatis, nunc latifolia subpinnatim ramosa laciniis
lateralibus palmatifidis vel dichotomis integerrimis vel eroso-denticulatis acutis vel abrupte truncatis, axillis
rotundatis, tetrasporis cruciatis sparsis.

Has. Blind Bay and Port Nicholson, Zyall.

Excessively variable in form, and perhaps passing into N. Daviesii, from which, in its typical state, it looks
very different. A larger suite of specimens than we possess would be required to connect the various individuals we
have here brought together, more from the sum of probabilities than from exact evidence. Scarcely two are pre-
cisely similar.

6. Nemastoma prolifera, Harv. ; fronde (speciminibus maneis tantum visis) cuneata vage ramosa gela-
tinoso-membranacea viscida, lamina applanata foliolis parvis filiformibus vel cuneatis simplicibus multifidis-
que fimbriata et utrinque densissime obsessa.

Has.. On stones, Akaroa, Zyall.

A single broken specimen only, apparently the upper half of.a frond, has been seen. It is about 8 inches long,

256 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alge.

l inch broad at the truncate base, gradually widening upwards to two inches, then forking; the segments being
about 3 of an inch wide. Every part is densely beset with filiform or cuneato-multifid leaflets, less than an inch
in length, and the margin is fringed with similar processes. Substance delicately gelatinoso-membranaceous ; when
fresh, “ covered with viscid matter" (D. L.). Structure as in the genus; the medullary stratum rather lax.

Trier XII. SPYRIDIACEA.
Gen. LXXXVII. SPYRIDIA.

(Harv. in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. 336; Man. 300. Phyc. Brit. t. 46. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 338. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 665.)

1. Spyridia opposita, Harv.; fronde filiformi decomposite ramosissima, ramis ramulisque ramellis oppo-
sitis densissime obsitis, ramellis crebris imbricatis incurvis subdecussatim oppositis vix distichis nec basi
angustatis apice acutis simplicibus, articulis ramellorum diametro :equalibus.— Zarv. in Herb. T. C. D.

Has. Chalky Bay, West Coast, Lya//. (Native of South Australia, Mrs. Eddington.)

Stems 3-4 inches high, filiform, much branched and bushy, branches and their divisions mostly alternate, the
lesser branches virgate. All the younger parts are densely clothed with robust, dark red ramelli, opposite each other
in insertion, but not strictly distichous and yet scarcely tetrastichous. Zamelli a line long, incurved, tapering to
the acute, simple apex, but not constricted at the base. Fruit unknown.—The first specimens we received of this
species were collected in South Australia, near Cape Northumberland, by Mrs. Eddington.

Trise XIII. CERAMIACEE.
Gen. LXXXVIII. CERAMIUM, Roth.

(J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 118. Homoceras, Gonyroceras, Trichoceras, Celeceras, Behinoceras, Acanthoceras, Ceramium
et Pteroceras, Kiitz.)

1. Ceramium cancellatum, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 145. Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 550.
Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 191. J. Ag. Sp. Aig. v. 9. p. 136. Pteroceras cancellatum, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 690.

Haz. On various parts of the coast, common, Zyall, Colenso, Davies, Chapman, etc. (Native of Cape
of Good Hope.)

We have many varieties from various localities.

2. Ceramium virgatum, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 1. p. 445. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 8. p. 137.

Haz. Parasitical on Carpophyllum, Kast Coast, Colenso.

3. Ceramium vestitum, Harv.; fronde setacea obsoletissime articulata vel continua, ramis ramulis capil-
laribus quaquaversis dichotomo-multifidis densissime vestitis, articulis ramulorum dense corticatis (vix con-
spicuis v. omnino obscuris) diametro æqualibus, axillis patentibus, apicibus patentibus rectis.

Haz. Port Adventure, Southern Island, Zyall. :

It is not without much hesitation that we propose this species, founded on a solitary specimen. The stature
is that of C. rubrum, to whose variety proliferum it may be compared; but here the ramuli are much more slender
in proportion to the main branches, much more densely corticated, scarcely obviously articulate, and the apices are
straighter. It seems to us to be at least as good a species as C. obsoletum, Ag.

4. Ceramium rubrum, Ag., Syn. p. 60. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 127. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 685. Harv.
Phye. Brit. t. 181. Conferva rubra, E. Bot. t. 1166. Dillw. Conf. t. 34.

Haz. On all the coasts, many varieties, common. (Generally diffused.)

5. Ceramium diaphanum, Roth. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 8. p. 195. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 193. Conferva
diaphana, Dillw. Conf. t. 38. E. Bot. t. 1742. Homoceras pulchellum, Kfz.

Alge.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 257

Haz. Port Cooper, Akaroa, and Otago, Zyall. (Cape of Good Hope and Northern Atlantic.)

6. Ceramium uncinatum, Harv. ; fronde ultracapillari regulariter dichotoma fastigiata, axillis patentibus
apicibusque foreipatis, articulis inferioribus diametro 3—4-plo longioribus interstitiis pellucidis nudis, ge-
niculis nodoso-elevatis spinula singula articulata subulata uncinato-recurva crassa exteriore latere necnon
spinella (nunc obsoleta) interiore latere opposita armatis, tetrasporis . .

Haz. Cook's Straits, Zyall. Cape Turnagain, etc., Colenso.

Allied to C. acanthonotum, but much more robust, with strongly swollen nodes and recurved or hooked thorns,
and very frequently furnished with a minute thorn on the inner face of the branch. We consider it a distinctly
marked species.

Gen. LXXXIX. CENTROCERAS, Kitz.
(Kütz. Linnea, 1841, p. 741. Phyc. Gen. p. 381. Sp. Alg. p. 688. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 147. Harv. Ner. Bor.
Amer. pt. 2. f. 211.)
1. Centroceras clavulatum, Mont. Fl. Alg. p. 140. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 148. Harv. Ner. Bor.
Amer. pt. 2. p. 211. 4. 83 C. Ceramium clavulatum, Ay. Mont. Cuba, t. 9. f. 1.
Has. Common on the coast, Colenso, Lyall, efc. (Tropical and subtropical seas.)

Gen. XC. PTILOTA, 49.

(Sp. Alg. i. 384. Endl. 3rd Suppl p. 36. Mont. Voy. Pole Sud, p. 97. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. i. 190.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 99. Ptilota, Rhodocallis, et Euptilota, Kütz.)
1. Ptilota formosissima, Mont., Voy. Póle Sud, p. 97.4.9. - 3. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 1. p. 190.
£. 17. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 102. Euptilota formosissima, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 671.
Var. 8; ramis circumscriptione lineari-lanceolatis.
Haz. Very abundant, Lyall, Colenso, ete. (Auckland Islands.)

2. Ptilota pellucida, Harv.; fronde filiformi disticha decomposite pinnata, ramis primariis apicem versus
ecorticatis bi-tripinnatis, pinnis articulatis monosiphoniis oppositis insequalibus, una indivisa, altera pin-
natim partita vel unilateraliter pectinata, pinnellis filiformibus basi constrictis subacutis, articulis diametro
sesqui-duplo-longioribus.

Has. Otago, and East Coast of Southern Island, Zyall.

Frond 2-3 inches long, ovate in outline, closely branched, and three or four times pinnate. Primary branches
alternate, each of them opposed by a minute, undivided ramulus, or by a very short, simply pinnate branchlet, which
is rarely more than two or three lines long; oppositely bi-tripinnate, one pinna of each pair being constantly de-
veloped and compound, the other either very much smaller and less compound, or remaining unchanged as a simple
ramulus. The upper portion of the branches for some distance below the apex is visibly articulated, and nearly
ecorticated, and the smaller branches are still more pellucid, the rachides of the penultimate pinne being destitute
of cortical cells. Articulations of the pinn® once and a half to twice as long as broad. Fruit unknown. Colour
bright rosy-red.—A. beautiful species, allied to P. Harveyi, but more pellucid, with longer articulations, and a dif-
ferent ramification. It also seems related to the Callithamnion Ptilota of * Flora Antarctica,’ the favelle of which
are unknown, and which is probably a Péilota. We dare not, however, at present unite it to that species, of which
we possess but very imperfect specimens.

Gen. XCI. BALLIA, Harv.

(Harv. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. ii. 191. Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, p. 94. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. i. 190.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 74. Kütz. Sp. Ale. p. 663.)

1. Ballia callitricha, Mont., Póle Sud, p. 94. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 668. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 15.
VOL. II. 9 Uu

ee

258 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Alge.

Ballia Brunonis, Harv. l. c. t. 9. B. Hombroniana, Mont, Póle Sud, t. 12. f. 1. Sphacelaria callitricha,
Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 23. Ic. Alg. Eur. t. 6.
Has. Many varieties common on the coast. (Southern Ocean, south of 34^.)

Gen. XCII. GRIFFITHSIA, 4j.
(Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 126. J. Ag. Sp. ii. 75. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 659. Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. i. 191, ii. 488.)

1. Griffithsia setacea, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 129. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 84. — Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 660.
Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 184. Conferva setacea, Ellis. E. Bot. t. 1689. Dillw. Conf. t. 82.

Var. 8. filiformis ; filis tenuioribus articulisque longioribus (fructu ignoto). G. filiformis, MS.

Haz. Foveaux Straits and East Coast, Lyall, Colenso. Var. 8, at Port Cooper, Banks’ Peninsula, and
Bluff Harbour, etc., Zya//. (Atlantic Ocean, in temperate latitudes.)

2. Griffithsia antarctica, Hook. fil. et Harv. ; filis crassis ceespitosis dichotomis flaccidis, axillis inferio-
ribus patentibus superioribus acutis, ramis elongatis erectis ramulisque nudis saepe secundis ad nodos con-
strictis, articulis cylindraceis superne paulo incrassatis ramorum diametro 4-6-plo ramulorum subtriplo lon-
gioribus, ramulis fructiferis lateralibus articulo brevissimo constantibus involucro umbellato coronatis, te-
trasporis non visis.—Fl. Ant. v. 2. p. 488. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. ST.

Var. B. fastigiata ; ramis minoribus decompositis flabelliformibus fastigiatis ramulisque seepe secundis.

Haz. East Coast, Colenso. Ruapuke, Foveaux Straits, and East Coast, Zyall.

Gen. XCI. CALLITHAMNION, Zyngb.

(Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 122. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 156. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 5. Harv. Phyc. Brit. et Man. Hook. fil.
et Harv. Fl. Ant. i. 191, ii. 489. Callithamnion et Phlebothamnion, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 638.)

1. Callithamnion flaccidum, Hook. fil. et Harv. FU. Ant. v. 2. p, 490. £. 188. f. 1. Kutz. Sp. Alg.
p. 648. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 9. p. 81.

Haz. Port Otago, Lyall. (Native of Cape Horn.)

2. Callithamnion Plumula, Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 127. Alg. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 159. J. Ag. Sp. Aig.
v.2.p.29. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 242. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 647. Conferva Plumula, Ellis. Dillw. Conf.
£. 50.

Haz. Dredged in five fathoms, D'Urville Island, Zyall. (Native of Cape Horn; Europe and North
America.)

3. Callithamnion applicitum, Harv.; minutissimum, repens et decumbens, fronde distiche pinnatim
composita, pinnis oppositis pinnulatis vel bipinnulatis, pinnulis creberrimis obtusis, articulis ramorum cy-
lindraceis diametro triplo longioribus pinnularum diametro brevioribus.

Haz. Parasitical on Amphiroa, Colenso.

Fronds 2-6 lines long, exceedingly slender, prostrate, and attached by the whole under surface to the coralline
on which they grow, decompound, pinnate, and distichous. All the divisions opposite. Articulations of the
branches cylindrical, filled with endochrome, 3-4 times as long as broad; of the pinnæ hexagonal, about as long as
broad; of the pinnules quadrate, shorter than their breadth. Basal reticulation of branches and pinnz shorter than
the rest. Colour rosy-red. Substance soft, decomposing.—Very much more minute in all its parts than C. australe,
and of a softer substance. A very pretty microscopic object.

4. Callithamnion Zirtum, Hook. fil. et Harv., F7. Ant. v. 1. p. 199. t. 18.7: 9. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 655.
J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 53.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 259

Haz. Port Cooper, Otago, Port William, Tory Channel, and Port Underwood, Lyall. (Native of
Auckland Islands.)

5. Callithamnion scoparium, Hook. fil. et Harv., ZU. Ant. v. 2. p. 490. 2. 189. 8. J. Ag. Sp. Aig.
v. 2. p. 385. Phlebothamnion scoparium, Ke. Sp. Aly. p. 656.

Has. Preservation Harbour, West Coast, and Foveaux Straits, Lyall. East Coast, Colenso. (Native
of Falkland Islands, and Cape Horn.)

6. Callithamnion Colensoi, Harv. ; fronde robusta dendroidea atropurpurea, caule ultrasetaceo corticato
quaquaversum lateraliter ramoso, ramis sursum longe corticatis apice articulatis ramulis brevibus dichoto-
mo-multifidis imbricatis squarrosis densissime obsessis, ramellis divaricatis subulatis acutis alternis, articulis
ramulorum diametro sesquilongioribus.

Has. East Coast, and Hawke's Bay, Colenso.

Our specimens are not in good order, but are sufficient to establish this as a species quite different from any
other New Zealand one. It is allied, however, to C. purpuriferum of the Cape of Good Hope, C. Montagnei of Cape
Horn, C. Pikeanum of California, and C. Arbuscula of the North of Europe; but appears distinct from all these.
Frond dendroid, 2-3 inches high, the main stem as thick as sparrow’s-quill below, attenuated upwards. All
the branches are densely clothed on every side with minute, squarrose, very compound ramuli. Colour blackish
when dry.

7. Callithamnion drachygonum, Harv.; fronde capillari (basi vix setacea) alterne divisa quaquaversum
ramosa e basi fere ecorticata, ramis elongatis virgatis subsimplicibus iterum alterne ramosis dense plumula-
tis, plumulis elongatis linearibus angustis pinnatis vel bipinnatis, ramulis brevibus sensim attenuatis sub-
acutis erecto-patentibus, articulis ramorum diametro 2-3-plo, pinnarum subduplo longioribus, pinnularum
diametro cequalibus v. sesquilongioribus, tetrasporis globosis secus ramulos seriatis.

Has. Blind Bay, Lyall. Tauranga, Davies.

One or two inches high, densely tufted, flaccid, bright carmine-red. Stem subsimple, set on all sides with
lateral, similar branches, which bear a second or third series of similar, rod-like branchlets, the last series of which
are clothed with subdistichous plumules. Plumules very narrow, erecto-patent, the lowermost simply pinnate, the
upper gradually longer and more compound, those near the middle of the branches very long and bipinnate. All
the articulations are short; those of the stem and branches veinless, with a narrow endochrome and thick walls.
Tetraspores line the inner faces of the ramuli.—A distinct and pretty little species.

8. Callithamnion puniceum, Harv.; fronde subcapillari flaccida decomposite ramosissima basi tantum
corticata, ramis multoties pinnatim compositis alternis, plumulis oblongis patentibus basi pinnatis apice bi-
pinnatis corymboso-fastigiatisque, pinnulis subulatis acutis (e basi latiore sensim attenuatis), articulis pri-
maris diametro 8-10-plo longioribus pellucidis vel venulosis, secundariis brevioribus, ramulorum diametro
2-3-plo longioribus, tetrasporis solitariis ad ramulos lateralibus.

Has. Tauranga, Davies.

Densely tufted, 2-8 inches long, excessively branched, inextricable. Stem and branches decompound, pinnate,
the upper divisions at least distichous. Plumules short, patent, either simply pinnate, or the lower half pinnate and
the upper bipinnate. Ramuli remarkably tapering from a broad base to an acute point, patent. Substance very
tender. Colour a fine purple-lake.—We are unable to give a more satisfactory character of this plant, which never-
theless seems not exactly similar to any with which we are acquainted. Our specimens are somewhat decayed.

9. Callithamnion consanguineum, Harv.; fronde subcapillari decomposite ramosissima, ramis primariis
quaquaversum egredientibus sursum longe corticatis, secundarüs subdistichis alterne pinnatim compositis
articulatis basi nudis apice distiche plumulatis, plumulis fastigiatis basi nudis extra medium pinnatis, pinnis

260 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. EL

patentibus, reticulis ramorum diametro subtriplo, ramulorum duplo longioribus, apicibus obtusis, tetrasporis
lateralibus subsolitariis triangulipartitis.

Has. Port Nicholson, Lyall.

Densely tufted, 2-3 inches high, thinner than human hair, excessively branched, the larger branches spreading
every way, the lesser gradually more distichous upwards, alternately decompound-pinnate. Stem and branches opaque
with veins, the lesser branches alone pellucidly articulate, decompound-pinnate, and alternately plumulate. Plumules
short, fan-shaped, naked below, pinnate above, the terminal pinnee very close together. Articulations twice or thrice
as long as broad, those of the branches longest. Colour a rosy-purple. Substance rather flaccid, adhering to paper.

10. Callithamnion ¿yssoideum, Arn. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 262. Wyatt, Alg. Danm. no. 185. J. Ag.
Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 40. Phlebothamnion byssoides, Kütz. Sp. Aly. p. 657.

Has. Bluff Harbour, Foveaux Straits, and at Otago, Lyall. Maketu, Chapman. (Native of Europe
and North America.)

We had at first regarded these specimens as representing a distinct species, which we should have name C. ée-
nerrimum, but on re-examination we fear they approach the northern C. byssoideum too nearly to be kept separate.

11. Callithamnion Rothit, Lyngb., Hyd. Dan. p. 199. t. 41. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 120 B. Küte.
Sp. Alg. p. 640. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 2. p. 11. Conferva Rothii, Dillw. Conf. t. 13. E. Bot. t. 1702.

Haz. On tidal rocks, and in caverns, Hawke’s Bay, and Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. (Native of Europe
and North America.)

Series III. CHLOROSPERMEZ.
Trips I. SIPHONEE.

Gen. XCIV. CAULERPA, Lamour.

(Lamour. Ann. Mus. xx. 282. Ag. Sp.i.433. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 16. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 495. Phyllerpa,
Kütz. Chanoinia, Bory, etc.) i

1. Caulerpa Brownii, Endl. ; caule vestito, ramis elongatis dichotomis, ramulis (foliis) cylindraceis basi
subconstrictis erecto-patentibus quadrifariam imbricatis mucronulatis obtusisve. (Tas. CXXI. A.)

Has. Lyall’s Bay and Chalky Bay, Zyall. New Zealand, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

A larger and more branching plant than the following, with simple ramuli. Some specimens, however, are
almost intermediate in character between the extreme forms of these supposed species. —PLATE CXXI 4. Fig. 1,
plant, natural size; 2, four verticillate ramuli; 3, a ramulus; 4, apex of another ramulus, to show that they are
sometimes blunt :—all magnified.

2. Caulerpa furcifolia, Hook. fil. et Harv., Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 416. Caulerpa Selago, Nobis, l. c.
v. 4. p. 550 (excl. syn.). (Tas. CXXI. B.)

Has. New Zealand, Colenso. (Native of Tasmania.)

Our figure represents the typical. form, such as we have also received from Tasmania, and formerly described in
Hooker’s London Journal. On some specimens recently examined, we find simple cylindrical ramuli mixed with the
forked ones, a variation which materially weakens the specific character.—PLats CXXI. B. Fig. 1, plant, natural

size; 2, four verticillate ramuli; 3, a ramulus :—doth magnified.

3. Caulerpa Aypnoides, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 443. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 16. Chauvinia hypnoides,
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 497. Fucus hypnoides, Turn. Hist. t. 113,
Has. East Coast, Colenso. (Native of New Holland.)

Alge. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 261
g

4. Caulerpa sedoides, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 438. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 16. Chauvinia sedoides, Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. p. 498. Fucus sedoides, Turn. t. 172.

Has. Lyall’s Bay, Cook's Straits, Lyall. New Zealand, Colenso. (Native of tropical and subtro-
pical seas.)

5. Caulerpa articulata, Harv.; caule . . . . , ramis erectis gracilibus indivisis vel parum ramosis
articulato-constrictis, ramulis oppositis distichis cylindraceis obtusis basi maxime constrictis patentibus e
quoque articulo ortis.

Has. East Coast, rare, Colenso.

We have not seen the creeping stems. Our specimens consist of branches, 4—5 inches long, twice as thick as
hog’s-bristle, simple or forked, regularly articulato-constricted at intervals of one or two lines, clothed with leaf-
like ramuli throughout. Ramuli opposite, distichous, two springing from above the middle of each internode, half
an inch long, cylindrical, obtuse, very much constricted at their insertion, as thick as the branches, bright green. A
distinct and beautiful species.

Gen. XCV. CODIUM, Stack.
- (Stackh. Ner. Brit. p. 24. Ag. Sp. Alg.i.451. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 500. Lamarckia, Olivi. Agardhia, Cabr.
Spongodium, Lamour.)

1. Codium tomentosum, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 451. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 500. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 98.
Fucus tomentosus, Turn. Hist. t. 135. F. Bot. t. 119.

Haz. Port Nicholson, Zyall. Tauranga, Davies. East Coast, Colenso. (Generally diffused.)

2. Codium adherens, Ag., Sp. v. 1. p. 457. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 502. Harv. Plyc. Brit. t. 35 A.

Has. Banks’ Peninsula, Lyall. Outer rocks, Cape Kidnapper, Colenso. (Native of Europe; Cape
of Good Hope, Mauritius, etc.)

Gen. XCVI. BRYOPSIS, Lamour.

(Lamour. Ann. Mus, xx. 281. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 446. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 20. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 490.)

1. Bryopsis plumosa, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 488. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 498. Harv. Plyc. Brit. áo
Ulva plumosa, Æ. Bot. t. 2375.

Has. Cook's Straits, and Akaroa Harbour, and Otago, Lya//, who sends three or four varieties.
(Northern Atlantic.)

Gen. XOVII. VAUCHERIA, DC.

(DC. Fl. Franc. p. 62. Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 75. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. 458. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 486. Zeto-

sperma, V auch.)

1. Vaucheria Dillwynii, Ag., Sp. v. 1. p. 463. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 487. Grev. Alg. Brit. t.19. Con-
ferva frigida, Dillw. Conf. t. 16.

Has. On damp ground, Colenso. (Europe.)

Dr. Lyall and Mr. Colenso have sent specimens of perhaps two or three species of this genus, but not in a state
in which they can be satisfactorily determined.

Trips II. BATRACHOSPERMEZ.

Gen. XCVII. BATRACHOSPERMUM, Roth.
(Roth, Fl. Germ. iii. 480. Ag. Syst. p. 23. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 22. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 535.)

1. Batrachospermum moniliforme, Roth. Ag. Syst. p. 58. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 535. Conferva gelati-
nosa, Dillw. Conf. t. 32.
VOT. II. 9x

262 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alge.

Haz. In running streams of fresh water, Canterbury Plains, Lyall. New Zealand, Colenso. (Europe
and North America.)

Terse III. CONFERVACEE.

Gen. XCIX. CLADOPHORA, Kütz.
(Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 269. Sp. Alg. p. 887. Harv. Phyc. Brit.)

1. Cladophora Zerpestica, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 415. Conferva herpestica, Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, Crypt.
p.6. Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. J. Bot. v. 4. p. 551.
Haz. Bay of Islands, Hombron, J. D. H. Cape Kidnapper, Colenso.

2. Cladophora Lyallii, Harv. ; densissime pulvinata, effusa, filis vix uncialibus crassissimis rigidis sub-
fastigiatis intricatis flexuosis vage ramosis, ramis alternis secundisve nunc oppositis patentibus, ramulis
paucis sepe secundis, apicibus obtusis, articulis diametro sesquilongioribus ad genicula constrictis. (Tas.
.OXXL C.)

Haz. South Island, Zyall.

Forming widely effused, very dense, mat-like tufts, composed of rigid, very thick, interwoven filaments, less
than an inch in length, decumbent at the base, then erect. These filaments are very irregularly branched; the
branches patent, very frequently secund, sometimes opposite, or alternate. Ramuli few, of three or four articulations.
Articulations constricted at the very narrow dissepiments, about once and a half as long as broad in all parts of the
frond. Apices very obtuse. Colour a pale yellowish-green.—It does not adhere to paper in drying. —Puiate CXXI. C.
Fig. 1, part of a mat of Cladophora Lyallii, natural size; 2, part of a branching filament, magnified ; 3, apex of a
ramulus, highly magnified.

3. Cladophora pellucida, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 390. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 174, Cladophora catenifera,
Kg. l. ec. Conferva pellucida, Ditlw. Conf. t. 90.

Has. Waitemata Harbour, Lyall. (Native of Europe, and of the Cape of Good Hope.)

Of this plant we have only seen a fragment about 1 inch in length, but closely agreeing with some of our British
specimens of this strongly marked species. We are not disposed to separate the Cape of Good Hope specimens on
which Kützing founds his C. catenifera—Any one conversant with C. pellucida must know that, though true to cer-
tain broadly marked characters, it puts on several forms, and varies, in the same locality, in diameter and in the
comparative length of the articulations.

4. Cladophora verticillata, Hook. fil. et Harv., F7. Ant. v. 1. p. 193. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 888.

Has. In a cave, Port William, Lyall. (Native of the Auckland Islands.)

These specimens are fully eight inches long. In other respects they agree with the Auckland Islands speci-
mens formerly described.

5. Cladophora Colensoi, Harv.; filis nigro-viridibus rigidis gracilibus flexuosis e basi decompositis,
ramis elongatis curvatis parum divisis basi nudis apice ramulosis, ramulis seepissime secundis appressis ab-
breviatis vel longiusculis, articulis endochromate denso repletis diametro 3—4-plo longioribus.

Has. Hawke's Bay, rare, Colenso.

Filaments 2 inches high, not densely tufted, nor very much branched. Branches springing a short distance
from the base, numerous, but little divided, often quite simple, flexuous, with a few lateral branches, and more or
less clothed with short, secund, very erect, or close-pressed ramuli. Articulations nearly of the same length in all
parts of the frond, cylindrical, not contracted at the joints, filled with endochrome, which recovers its form on re-
moistening; the cell-walls thick and rigid. Colour a dark green.—It does not adhere to paper in drying. It is
allied to C. rupestris, but more slender and flexuous.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 263

6. Cladophora Daviesii, Harv. ; filis lete viridibus rigidis crassiusculis vage ramosissimis, ramis alterne
vel dichotome ramosis basi longe nudis apice crebre ramulosis, ramulis secunde multifidis corymboso-fasci-
culatis, axillis ramorum rotundatis, articulis diametro sesqui- vel duplo longioribus siccitate ssepe alterne
compressis.

Has. Tauranga, Colenso.

Filaments 4-5 inches long, densely tufted, much branched. Branches alternately or subdichotomously divided,
frequently quite bare of ramuli for a considerable distance above and below the principal forks, and chiefly bearing
ramuli near the summits, where they are crowded, somewhat corymbose, short, and very densely inserted, being
generally secund, and consisting of two or three articulations. Substance rigidly membranaceous, not adhering to
paper. Colour a beautifully clear, bright green. Membrane thin. Articulations uniformly short in all parts of
the frond, seldom more than twice as long as broad. 4wille remarkably rounded and broad.—Of this, which most
resembles some of the forms of C. Hutchinsie, we have as yet seen but two specimens.

7. Cladophora gracilis, Griff., in Wyatt, Alg. Danm. No. 97. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 18. Kütz. Sp.
Alg. p. 403.

Has. Port William, Southern Island, Lyall. (Native of Europe.)

Dr. Lyall’s specimens are 14-15 inches long, and closely resemble the most luxuriant ones from the south of
England, except that they are still more slender, with rather longer articulations, and longer and more distant ramuli.
We are not disposed to separate them specifically; at least, not without further evidence than can be derived from
the two or three specimens we have yet seen.

8. Cladophora erimalis, Harv.; ceespite brevi basi intricata densissima intense-viridi crinali, filis tenui-
bus rigidiusculis siccitate nitidulis decompositis, ramis ramulisque erectis vel appressis strictis parum divisis,
ramulis sparsis obtusis, articulis diametro 4-6-plo longioribus ad genicula constrictis.

Has. New Zealand, Colenso.

Tufts 1-2 inches high, very dense, intricate at the base. Filaments slender, decompound, but not very much
branched, all the divisions remarkably straight and erect; the ramuli few, scattered, short or long. Articulations
constricted at the dissepiments, in the lower part six or eight times as long as broad, in the upper four to six times,
with a thin tube, more or less completely filled with deep-green endochrome, which does not perfectly recover its form.

—]t imperfectly adheres to paper in drying.

Gen. C. CONFERVA, 4g.

1. Conferva (Cheetomorpha) Darwinii, Kütz., Sp. Aly. p. 380. Conferva clavata, var. Darwinii, Hook.
fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 493. t. 192. f. 1.

Haz. Hast Coast, Lyall, Colenso.

2. Conferva (Cheetomorpha) aerea, Dillw., Conf. t. 80. E. Bot. t. 1929. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 99 B.
Ag. Syst. p. 100. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 919. Wyatt, Alg. Daum. No. 190.

Has. Houraki Gulf, Zyall. (Native of Europe.)

3. Conferva valida, Hook. fil. et Harv., in Lond. J. Bot. v. 6. p. 410. Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 379.

Haz. Port William, Southern Island, Zyall.

Gen. CI. TYNDARIDEA, Bory.
(Bory, Dict. Class. i. 495. Harv. in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. 361.)
1. Tyndaridea anomala, Ralfs in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2899. Hass. Br. Fresh W. Alg. p. 161. t. 38.
7.2, 8. Zygogonium anomalum, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 447.
Haz. In fresh water, Colenso. (Native of England?)

264 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Alye.

So far as a badly dried specimen allows us to decide, this does not differ from the English plant.

9. Tyndaridea? dyssoidea, Harv.; filis arachnoideis nigricantibus gelatinosis, articulis diametro sub-
triplo longioribus.

Has. In a fresh-water lake, Kapiti, Cook's Straits, Lyall.

We do not like to omit all notice of this species, and yet feel that the character given is quite insufficient to
distinguish it. Our specimens are not in conjugation. The endochrome has contracted into a mass, with faint in-

dications of bination, either in the centre or end of the articulation. Under the microscope it has a greenish tinge.
To the naked eye the colour is smoky.

Trips IV.. CLV ACE.

Gen. CIL. PORPHYRA, 49.
(Ag. Syst. xxxii. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 19. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 92. p. 211. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 691, excl. sp.)

1. Porphyra laciniata, Ag., Syst. p. 190. Ag. le. Alg. Eur. t. 26, 97. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 92.
Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 692.

Has. Cook's Straits and Banks’ Peninsula, Lya//. (Generally diffused.)

2. Porphyra vulgaris, Ag., Aufz. p. 18. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 169. Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 911. — Kütz.
Sp. Alg. p. 692. Porphyra linearis, Grev. Aly. p. 110. 4. 18 (the young plant.)

Has. Cape Kidnapper, etc., Colenso. (Generally diffused.)

Gen. CII. BANGIA, Zyngb.

(Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 82. Ag. Syst. p. 25. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 177. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 96, etc. Kütz.
Sp. Alg. p. 358.)

1. Bangia ciliaris, Carm., MSS. Hook. Br. Fl. o. 9. p. 816. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 322.

Has. On leaves of Zostera, Cook’s Straits, Lyall. (Native of Europe.)

This forms a dense fringe to the margin of the leaves. The fronds in our specimens are nearly à an inch long,
and very variable in breadth. Some have one or two rows of cells, as is common in the British plant; others have
the middle part of the frond flattened into a leafy expansion, with many rows of irregularly-shaped cells; and others
have pretty wide, uniformly flattened fronds.

2. Bangia lanuginosa, Harv.; filis (parasiticis) minutis curvatis cylindraceis, cellulis purpureis unise-
riatis diametro subduplo brevioribus.

Has. Parasitical on Chordaria sordida, Colenso.

This covers the Chordaria with a dense, purple coat, about a line or two in length. Filaments curled, cylin-
drical, containing a single row of bright purple, lenticular cells, considerably shorter than their diameter. Substance
soft and gelatinous.—Allied to B. ceramicola, but smaller, with much shorter and more densely-set cells. Except
in colour, it does not differ from Lyngbya (Hormotridia).

Gen. CIV. ENTEROMORPHA, Zink.
(Link. in Hor. Phys. p. 5. Harv. Phyc. Brit. Solenia, Ag. Syst. xxxii. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 478.)

1. Enteromorpha compressa, Grev., Alg. Brit. p. 180. t. 18. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 335. Küte. Sp.
Aig. p. 480. Solenia compressa, Aly. Syst. p. 186.

Haz. Sea-shores, abundant. Very variable in form and size. (Generally diffused.)

2. Enteromorpha intestinalis, Link, Hor. Phys. Ber. p. 5. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 119. E. Bot. Suppl.
t. 9756. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 154.

Alga. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 265

Has. Sea-shores, with the preceding, from which it only differs in having an unbranched frond.
Generally diffused.)

3. Enteromorpha clathrata, var. ramulosa. E. ramulosa, Hook. Br. Fl. v. 9. p. 815. Harv. Phye.
Brit. t. 245.

Has. Otago, Zyall. (Europe, etc.)

Gen. CV. ULVA, 4y.
(Ag. Syst. xxxii. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 171. Harv. Phyc. Brit. Ulva, Phycoseris, et Prasiola, Kütz. Sp. Alg.
p. 472, ete.)
1. Ulva (Phycoseris) lobata, Kütz., Sp. Alg. p. 477. (An Phycoseris rigida? Ky. Ulva rigida? Ay.)
Has. Sea-shores, Colenso. (Cape of Good Hope.) |

This is perhaps only a variety of U. rigida, as we had at first named our specimens. We have very similar
ones from the Cape of Good Hope, which appear to be referable to Kützing's var. Africana of his P. lobata, to which
therefore we refer our plant.

2. Ulva latissima, Linn., Fl. Suec. p. 433. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 407. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 171.
Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 414.

Has. Sea-shores, common. (Generally diffused.)

3. Ulva bullosa ? Roth, Cat. Bot. v. 8. p. 399. Grev. Aig. Brit. p. 174.

Haz. On stones, under water, Colenso. (Hurope.)

A few young specimens, which seem to belong to this or an allied species.

4. Ulva (Prasiola) crispa, Lightf., FU. Scot. p. 972. Ag. Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 416. Hook. fil. et Harv.
Fl. Ant. v. 9. p. 498.

Has. Port Cooper, Lyall. (Generally diffused.)

Trim» V. OSCILLATORIEZA.

Gen. CVI. CALOTHRIX, 4g.
(Ag. Syst. xxiv. Harv. Phyc. Brit. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 13.)
1. Calothrix scopulorum, Ag., Syst. p. 70. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 58 B. Schizosiphon scopulorum,

Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 329.
Has. Sea-shores, on rocks and mud, near high-water mark, common, Colenso. (Generally diffused.)

Gen. CVII. OSCILLATORIA, Vauch.

(Vauch. Conf. t. 15. Ag. Syst. xxiv. Harv. Phyc. Brit. Oscillaria, Bose. Endl. 3rd Suppl. Kütz. Sp. Alg.
p. 237.)
1. Oscillatoria ?

Mr. Colenso sends us a species of this genus, which we have not sufficient specimens to determine.

Gen. CVIII. TOLYPOTHRIX, Kaze.
1. Tolypothrix irregularis, Berk.; filis eruginosis irregularibus hic illic constrictis 1. torulosis seepe

attenuatis, annulis angustissimis.
Has. Amongst patches of Vaucheria, on tidal mud, Colenso.

Threads very irregular, 53355 inch across, compressed, sometimes constricted, sometimes torulose, often

VOL, II. 3 Y

266 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Zichenes.

attenuated above or below, furnished at the base with a minute, hyaline, elliptic connecting-joint. Fruit-rings very
narrow.—M, J. B.

Tripe VI. NOSTOCHINEA.

Gen. CIX. NOSTOC, Vaueh.
(Vauch. Conf. p. 203. Ag. Syst. xviii. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 295.)

1. Nostoc verrucosum, Vauch., Conf..p. 225. 4. 16. f. 3. Küte. Sp. Alg. p. 300.
Has. In fresh-water streams, Canterbury Plains, Lya//. (Europe and North America.)

Nar. On». CIV. LICHENES.
By the Rev. Churchill Babington, B.D., F.L.S.

Tux following enumeration of New Zealand Lichenes and Byssace@ comprises about 150 species, of which
at least 100 are also found in Britain. The term species is here taken in the larger sense; for a much
greater number of forms, often easily to be recognized, undoubtedly occur in the country. Thus the first
species, Usnea barbata, comprises six Acharian species, or, as I should call them, slightly differing forms.
This catalogue, though probably sufficiently complete to give a general notion of the distribution of genera
in the country, and of their relative magnitudes, to some extent does, notwithstanding, I am firmly con-
vinced, fall considerably below the true number of species inhabiting the islands; in fact, there is no doubt
that specimens, which I am unable to name satisfactorily, and yet am unwilling to describe as new, belong
to species not occurring in the following pages. In no class of plants is there so great a liability to error
as in the Lichens: in no class of plants ought new species to be proposed with greater caution,—it may
almost be said, with greater reluctance. There are enough, and too many, bad species in this Order
already, and it is to be feared that a few may have here been added to the number. The remark of
a great botanist, though somewhat paradoxically expressed, has a truth underlying it: “In other tribes of
plants, the more we study them the more species we discover: among Lichens, the more we study them
the fewer we find them.”

It thus becomes clear that the lichenological flora of a country requires to be studied by a native bo-
tanist, who may recognize a protean species by a knowledge of its living forms, or, as Fries expresses it, of
its history. Without this knowledge, especially in the case of crustaceous Lichens, it is oftentimes hope-
less to attempt to arrive at a clear result ; and I am confident that the more difficult species of the southern
hemisphere, even of the higher genera (of Sticta, for example) will never be properly elucidated, till they
have been described and limited by some one who is familiar with them in a living state. I have strong
suspicions that several species which have been here kept as distinct will prove to be only remarkable varie-
ties of the same plant; and, on the other hand, I may have occasionally erred in reducing two or more
described species to one. Even the European species of the more difficult genera are at present very ill
understood. ;

The family of Lichenes is more cosmopolitan in its species than any other known tribe of plants;
the more it is studied, the more this is found to be the case; and one reason why the variation of the
species is sometimes so exceedingly great, is because many of them exist under almost every condition
of latitude, altitude, and climate. The fact of their general distribution teaches also another lesson, that
a lichenist should be slow to describe new species without some tolerable acquaintance with the Order
generally, This remark has repeatedly forced itself upon my mind while engaged in the present work,

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 267

as I have from time to time found that a species which I had supposed new was already described
by some other author, from another and sometimes very distant part of the world, leading me sincerely
to wish that the task had fallen into abler hands. I must take this opportunity, however, of rendering my
best thanks to that veteran and indefatigable cryptogamist Dr. Montagne, for having in several cases com-
municated to me his remarks on New Zealand Lichens, on which I desired his opinion: without his help
the errors in the following pages would undoubtedly have been more numerous than they are. I have
also been enabled, by the liberality with which he has from time to time communicated specimens of va-
rious exotic species described by him, to identify some of them with New Zealand species.

In comparing the New Zealand Lichen-flora with that of Great Britain, some remarkable features of
contrariety as well as identity may be discovered. New Zealand possesses about thrice as many species
of the genus S/icta, and perhaps nearly twice as many Zeore, as our own islands contain, as well as several
species of Nephroma, Parmelia, Stereocaulon, and Spherophoron, unknown to the northern hemisphere.
The following genera, which are absent from Britain altogether, are found in New Zealand :—Trypethe-
lium, Porina, Myriangium, and Canogonium, to which Coccocarpia should perhaps likewise be added.
The black-fruited Cladomie (viz. C. retipora and C. aggregata) are also absent from Britain, being peculiar
to the southern hemisphere.

The British Flora, on the other hand (which comprises perhaps at least 300 distinct species), boasts
about a dozen species of CaZicium, a genus having only a single representative in the Flora of New Zealand ;
indeed, so far as can be judged from the discoveries hitherto made, this genus appears to be extremely
rare in the southern hemisphere generally. It has also divers Cetrarie, Evernia, Peltigera, Sticte, Par-
meli, and Stereocaula not hitherto found in New Zealand, to say nothing of the obscurer genera, many
of whose British species may probably occur, though they have not hitherto been collected there. Nearly
all the British genera occur in New Zealand; we should hardly insist on any as being probably absent, ex-
cept Roccella, Gyrophora, and Solorina, although it is certainly somewhat singular that no Opegrapha has
been collected (a single species of Graphis occurs): other small and obscure genera, such as Coniocarpon,
Sagedia, and Strigula, will probably one day be found there. The Lobaria section of the genus Sticta (8.
pulmonacea and its allies), though present over the Old and New World, from the Arctic circle to the
southern tropics, seems to be absent from New Zealand, and probably from the temperate and colder re-
gions of the south almost universally. (8. puZmonacea, however, is found at the Cape of Good Hope.)

I have but rarely introduced the specific characters of the Lichens hereinafter enumerated, except in
the genus Sticta ; unless they seemed to be new, or were described only in some rare work. Probably I
might have added the characters of the species first described by Dr. Montagne in his various works, had I
not been aware that it is his intention to publish in one volume the diagnoses of those cryptogamous plants
which he has first described, accompanied by descriptions of species hitherto unpublished*. The principal
books, therefore, that will be necessary to the student, in addition to the above, are the ‘ Lichenographia
Europea’ of Fries, and the ‘Synopsis Lichenum’ of Acharius. The “Lichenes Helvetici Exsiccati’ of
Scherer, containing 650 species and varieties of dried specimens of European (principally Swiss) Lichens,
will be found exceedingly useful. His * Enumeratio critica Lichenum Europeeorum” is the latest descriptive
work on European Lichens (published in 1850), and contains some information not to be found in Fries, from

* ‘Sylloge Generum Specierumque Cryptogamarum quas in variis operibus descriptas iconibusque illustratas
nunc ad diagnosim reductas nonnullasque novas interjectas ordine systematico disposuit C. Montagne.’ The an-
nouncement states :—'* Ce travail, qui est en voie d'exécution, ne paraîtra que l'année prochaine. Paris, 1 Novem-
bre, 1852.” I have not yet seen its publication announced.

268 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

whose treatise the Byssace@ are excluded ; at the same time, it is a very inferior production to the * Liche-
nographia Europea.” A general work on Lichens is most urgently required, and there is some reason to
believe that an able hand is now engaged upon the task.

The sporidia of Lichens have of late occupied the attention of several distinguished botanists, both at
home and abroad, and their researches seem in many cases to have produced good fruit; the different forms
of these microscopic organs sometimes serving to distinguish allied species. In this department the names
of Eschweiler, Montagne, Fée, Flotow, De Notaris, Leighton, Massalongo, and Nylander are to be men-
tioned with special commendation. I shall perhaps incur some reproach for not having dwelt more upon
these microscopical characters in the remarks than I have done, although it will be seen that they are not
neglected in the figures, and that they are also occasionally alluded to in my remarks and descriptions. It
is perhaps presumptuous to offer an opinion on a subject with which I am not so familiar as the above-
named authors are ; but it appears clear that the employment of microscopic characters must be very cau-
tiously introduced : it is certain that the forms of these organs vary considerably in the same species, even
in the same specimen, as any one may convince himself by a little experience, or even by examining our
plates ; and I must own that I scarcely think that the examinations at present made are sufficiently exten-
sive to enable a very accurate judgment to be formed as to how far supposed distinctions of this kind can
be advantageously employed.

The arrangement here followed is substantially that of Fries. The latest classification of the Euro-
pean Lichens (in outline) is by Dr. Nylander, in the second volume of the ‘Mémoires de la Société des
Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg’ (1854) : he makes a larger number of subdivisions and genera than
appears necessary or advisable; but there can be no question about the ability with which the work is
drawn up. Unfortunately both this and other tracts have come to hand since the following account was
written, so that less use is made of them than probably might otherwise have been desirable.

The remarks on the geographical distribution have very frequently been based upon an inspection of
specimens in Sir W. J. Hooker’s herbarium and my own ; but I have also constantly made use of the works
of Fries and Tuckermann for Europe and North America ; those of Montagne for the South Polar regions,
Juan Fernandez, Guiana, Cuba, the Canaries, and the Hast Indies; and Eschweiler’s labours in Martius’
* Flora of Brazil ;' also of certain papers on Abyssinian, New Holland, and Cape of Good Hope species, in
the ‘ Linnea,’ by Laurer and Flotow.—C. B.

SUBORDER I. GYMNOCARPI.

Trise I. PARMELIACEA.
Gen. I. USNEA, Ach. et Auctt.

1, Usnea barbata, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 18. Usnea florida, U. hirta, U. plicata, U. cornicularia, U.
ceratina, U. barbata, Ach. Syn. Lich. pp. 802-307.

Has. Abundant everywhere throughout all the Islands, and very variable.

The above Acharian species, all of which occur in New Zealand, do not appear to be even so much as well-
marked varieties; U. gracilis, Ach., U. Jamaicensis, Ach., and U. filaris, Ach., are added as synonyms by Fries (the
two former by Eschweiler also, in Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 226), and U. trichodea, Ach., by Flórke, probably with great
justice. U. cornicularia, described from New Zealand specimens of Forster, by Acharius, is, I presume, the same

plant which Mr. Colenso has gathered, but I have no authentic specimen. The description in the * Lichenographia
Universalis’ suits exceedingly well; the habit is that of Zvernia ochroleuca, d crinalis, but it seems without doubt

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 269

to be a very flaccid and slender form of U. plicata; the apothecia are absent. Among the more notable forms is
the var. rubiginea, remarkable for its bright red hue, especially after being moistened, and which is probably wholly
due to damp after drying, for certain states of U. melawantha change in the same manner if long exposed to mois-
ture after preservation in a dry state; some specimens, again, approach var. strigosa, Ach. (U. strigosa, Pers.), but
are less strigose than the South American form. Most lichenists are now agreed in uniting all or a considerable
number of the Acharian species of European Usmez; for example, MM. Fries, Scherer, Eschweiler, Wallroth, and
Sir W. J. Hooker and Dr. Hooker among our countrymen. Dr. Montagne, however, in his learned labours on the
Lichens of the Canary Islands, and on those of the South Polar regions, has kept several of them apart, and minutely
pointed out their supposed differences. Mr. Tuckermann also, as well as Dr. Montagne, has contended for the dis-
tinctness of U. ceratina, Ach. Forms of this species occur in every part of the globe, and are greatly modified by
climatic causes; some, indeed, are evidently wholly dependent on temperature and humidity for the size and appear-
ance they assume.

2. Usnea angulata, Ach., Syn. p. 807. Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lich. Ant. in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 3. p.
658.

Has. Northern Island, J. D. H., Sinclair. (Barren.)

This seems to be distinct from the preceding, and always to have an angular stem; but it cannot, I think,
safely be disunited from U. longissima, Ach. (considered by Eschweiler and Scheerer as a form of the U. barbata,
Fries), which differs only in a somewhat less angular and pulverulent stem. I am indebted to M. Reichenbach for
a specimen of each species. Dr. Taylor, forgetting that Acharius had described this plant, published his U. angu-
lata as a new species, and chanced to give it the same specific name that Acharius had done. U. angulata occurs in
North America and Tasmania, and the form U. longissima in North and South America (Brazil), in Europe (rarely),
in Cappadocia (Tuckermann), and the Himalaya Mountains (Winterbottom !), the Cape, fertile (Tuckermann), Aus-
tralia (Tuckermann), and Tasmania.

3. Usnea melazantha, Ach., Syn. p. 803. Fl. Antarct. p. 250.

Has. Northern Island, on the mountains, Colenso. Barren. (Setaceous, very dark form.)

For the synonyms and geographical distribution see ‘Flora Antarctica,’ pp. 519-21. U. Taylori, Hook.! 1. c.
p. 521, is perhaps only a very fine state of this plant; it is, as Dr. Montagne informs me, identical with Neuropogon
Posppigii, Nees. U. sphacelata, R. Brown!, should rather be considered as a form of U. Taylori than of U. me-
laxantha. The spores of the U. melaxantha have now at last been found by Dr. Montagne. Dr. Hooker sus-
pects that this species, different as it usually is from our first species, may nevertheless be a form of it; it is not
always easy to distinguish them.

Gen. II. EVERNIA, Ach.

1. Evernia ochroleuca, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 22. Cornicularia, Ach.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Bidwill. Barren. (Typical form.)

Var. erinalis, Fries (Alectoria crinalis, Ach.), is mentioned by A. Richard as a New Zealand species,
found by D'Urville.

For the geographical distribution see my remarks in Seemann’s * Botany of the Herald,’ p. 47.

2. Evernia favicans, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 98. Borrera, Ach. Parmelia Sieberiana, Zaur.! in Linnea,

1827. p. 88. 4. 1. f. 1.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Barren. (Brightly coloured, glabrous form.)
Found in Western Europe, very rarely fertile (fruit seen in Guernsey by Mrs. Collings, and in Cornwall by
Mr, Greenwood and others); in North America (Ohio), and South America (Brazil), Ascension, the Canaries,
VOL. II. 32

270 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Lichenes.

and at the Cape, the apothecia being either naked or ciliated. Eschweiler can hardly be correct in considering this

species as a form of Borrera chrysophthalma, Ach.

Gen. III. RAMALINA, Ach.

1. Ramalina calicaris, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 30. Ramalina fraxinea, R. fastigiata, R. farinacea, Ach.
Syn. pp. 296, 297.

Var. B. membranacea, Laur.!; “thallo plano lineari-laciniato pallido membranaceo utrinque levi, apo-
theciis minutis submarginalibus carneo-pallidis margine integerrimo."— Laur. in Linnea, 1827. p. 48.

Var. y. geniculata, Bab. ; “thallo laxe cespitoso [subinflato] albido-cinereo glabro dichotomo ramo-
sissimo, ramis intrieatis lobis linearibus hinc concaviusculis acuminatis, gemmis (sorediis) dispersis granu-
latis statim linearibus, apotheciis planis concoloribus margine tenui integerrimo, subtus thalli laciniam emit-
tentibus.”—Tayl. R. geniculata, Tayl.! in Lond. Journ. Bot. ut supra.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, 4. Cunningham, ete. Var. 8. Colenso. Var. y. Bay of Islands,
J. D. H.

Very variable, and probably abundant everywhere. The three above-named Acharian species are enumerated
as natives of New Zealand by M. Raoul, and Mr. Colenso has collected specimens according tolerably well with each
of them. The var. Bis “a very common form in the southern hemisphere” (Fl. Ant. p. 522), and I have not seen
any specimens except from that hemisphere. Well marked examples look exceedingly different from 2. frawinea ;
but there are numerous intermediate forms, and there can be no doubt that Laurer rightly considered the two plants
to belong to one species. Var. y, again, is “about 2 inches high; branches sometimes pierced with a series of minute
holes; the apothecia are merely marginal or more commonly a new branch of the thallus is sent off from beneath
each,” Tuyl. l. c. This agrees substantially with the form commonly called R. calicaris, but is rather inflated than
canaliculated, though it is both in some degree; the substance is very delicate and polished. The passage from this
variety to R. pusillu, Fries, is easy; and [ have no doubt (after inspecting a considerable number of specimens of
the latter) that it is only an extreme and remarkable form of the cosmopolitan X. calicaris, Vries.

2. Ramalina usnevides, Fries, Lich. Eur. App. p. 468 (name only). Alectoria, Ach.! Syn. p. 292.

Has. Northern Island, J. D. M.

A very different-looking plant from the preceding ; and yet an inspection of a considerable number of specimens
collected in Central America by Dr. Seemann has greatly shaken my confidence in it as a species. In this genus it
is easy, and perhaps necessary, to give distinctive names to the extreme forms, but it seems very doubtful if any of
them are permanent; they rather appear to belong to one archetypal species, our broad ribbon-like 7. frazinea,
from which they have diverged into opposite directions, becoming stiff and terete in X. scopulorum and R. poty-
morpha (rock forms), or more or less delicate in texture, and indeed assuming every possible aspect. Dr. Montagne
also has referred this plant to the genus Ramalina, but apparently without perceiving that Fries had incidentally
done the same thing. (Voy. au Póle Sud, p. 197.) He has likewise added various synonyms. The present is a
Southern form, widely diffused, but not Antarctic.

3. Ramalina Zinearis, Ach., Syn. p. 294. Swartz, Lich. Amer. p. 14. t. 11. Parmelia linearis, Ach.
Meth. Lich. p. 257. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 278. Raoul, ut supra.

Has. “N. Zealand, 1769, Sir Joseph Banks” (A. Cunningham). “Crescit in ramis arborum Ja-
maicee temperatioris, e£ forsan quoque N. Zelandi incola," Swartz, ut supra. “Jamaica, Nov. Zeland.,”
Sprengel, ut supra.

Swartz’s figure represents a Lichen such as I have not seen from New Zealand.

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 271

Gen. IV. CETRARIA, Ach.

1. Cetraria glauca, Ach., Syn. p. 227. A. Cunn. Comp. to Bot. Mag. v. 2. p. 331. Raoul, ut supra.
Fl. Ant. p. 524.

Has. Middle Island, D’ Urville.

I have seen no New Zealand specimens. For the geographical distribution see Dr. Hooker’s remarks, Fl.
Antarct. p. 523, and my own in Seemann’s Bot. of the Herald, p. 47.

2. Cetraria sepincola, Ach., Syn. p. 226. Fl. Ant. p. 524.

Haz. Fragments of this species occur on a specimen of Sticta crocata, gathered on wood at Auckland
by Dr. Sinclair. Rather a large form; barren; not pulverulent.

I do not well understand how this species differs from the olive form of C. glauca, unless it be in the paler
under surface, See Fries (Lich. Nur. p. 39). The present specimens are pale below, but blotched (through age ?)
with black. Found in Central and Northern Europe (“Switzerland to Lapland,” Scherer), in the higher and
Arctic latitudes of North Anierica, also in the Straits of Magellan (Montagne).

3. Cetraria aculeata, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 85. Fl. Ant. p. 524. Cornicularia, Ach., A. Cunningham,
ub supra.

Has. Middle Island, D’ Urville.

I have seen no specimens. States of Cladonia aggregata are very easily mistaken for it; but there is no reason
why it should not occur in New Zealand, being found in various places in the Antarctic regions, as well as over
Central and Northern Europe and Arctic America. Cetraria lacera, Tayl.! Lond. Journ. Bot. ut supra, is only a
state of young Sticta filicina, bearing cephalodia: cyphellz are present. ;

Gen. V. PELTIGERA, Hoffm., Fries. Peltidea, Ach.

1. Peltigera polydactyla, Hoffm., Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 46.

Haz. Middle Island, Raoul, Lyall. “Very abundant in New Zealand” (FZ. Antarct. p. 524).

2. Peltigera canina, var. pusilla, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 45. Fl. Ant. p. 524. P. spuria, Ach. Meth.
Lich. p. 283. t. 5. f. 2.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Raoul.

Specimens small, well-marked.

8. Peltigera rufescens 2, Hoffm., Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 46.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Mr. Colenso's specimen appears to belong to this species; it is full of apothecia, but does not exhibit the
thallus very distinctly. It is probable that this and both the two preceding may be found in the temperate and
alpine regions of both hemispheres, in all latitudes, but they seem to be more rare within the tropics. See Hook.
Fl. Antarct, p. 524-5. Seemann’s Bot. of Herald, p. 48. Linneea, 1843, p. 15, ete.—Very probably other species
of this genus will be found in New Zealand.

Gen. VI. NEPHROMA, 4c.

1. Nephroma australe, A. Rich., Fl, Nov. Zel. p. 81. Voy. de P.Astrol. pl. 9.f. 2. Mont.! Fl. Fer-
nand, n. 66.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, D’ Urville, Colenso, Lyall.

A small species, and well marked, with the habit of N. resupinatum, but having the colour of N, polare above,
with the under side smooth and pale. Found also in Juan Fernandez and Tasmania.

272 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

2. Nephroma resupinatum, Ach., Syn. p. 241 (a typo recedit planta Zelandica, ad var. papyraceam,
Ach., accedens).

Var. rufa, Bab.; thallo tenuissime membranaceo glabro rufo-fusco isidiophoro (non pulverulento),
subtus nudo nigricante, apotheciis nigricantibus margine angusto serrato.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall.

Possibly a distinct species, but I scarcely venture to separate it. More rufous and more membranaceous than
N. parile, Ach. (Moug. et Nest.! n. 838), which Fries unites with his var. papyracea ; it is moreover not sorediated,
but isidiophorous, with subsquamulose processes. Medullary stratum white. Dr. Montagne describes the follow-
ing variety, found in New Zealand, which 1 have not seen :—

“Var. pruinosa, Mont. ; thallo olivaceo-fusco subtus ad ambitum rubescente, lobulis fertilibus brevibus revo-
lutis, lamina pruina alba suffusa. An species propria?” Mont. Póle Sud, p. 192.

This polymorphous Lichen is found over all Europe (Fries), and in Northern and Arctic America. N. levigata,
Ach., which Fries refers to this species, is mentioned as a plant of the Canary Islands by Dr. Montagne. The al-
lied species N. Lusitanicum, Scheer., which has the medullary stratum yellow, is also probably common, but I am
sceptical as to its distinctness. I have gathered it in Scotland, and have specimens from France and Madeira. N.
cellulosum, Ach., abounds in Tasmania, and may probably occur in New Zealand.

3. Nephroma Lyaliii, Bab. ; thallo laciniato lobato tenui membranaceo supra glaberrimo nitido leevi
glauco-cerulescente in ambitu Zetissime azwreo versus centrum subrubescente, subtus nudo pallido versus
centrum fuscescente lobis elongatis laciniatis crenatis et dissectis, lobis fertilibus sinuatis paullulum longio-
ribus, strato medullari albo, apotheciorum disco pallide rubro, margine late denticulato. (Tas. CX XVII. A.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Middle Island, on bark, Zyall.

A very handsome plant, of which I have seen only one large specimen, about six inches long, composed of
several suborbicular individuals. Apart from its brilliant colour, this Lichen differs from N. resupinatum in being
far more lobed and dissected, with the margins very minutely crisped, and in its longer, fertile lobes. The
thallus, also, is not at all rugose; even the back of the apothecia has but very faint wrinkles. Further obser-
vation must show whether this Lichen be really distinct, or merely (as I strongly suspect) a splendid form of the
foregoing ; I have a specimen from the Pyrenees of N. resupinatum, var. parilis, gathered by Mr. Spruce, of a bluish
colour, but not clearly indicating a transition. Since the above was written, a mere fragment from Mr. Colenso has
come to hand, evidently belonging to the present species.—PrATE CXXVII. A. Fig. 1, specimen, natural size ;
2, portion of apothecium ; 3, asci; 4, sporidia :—all magnified.

Gen. VII. COCCOCARPIA, Pers.

“ Thallus membranaceus, subgelatinosus, orbicularis, e squamis flabelliformibus centro concretis subtus
aveniis aut laciniis linearibus multifidis radiantibus constans, supra plumbeus aut viridis, subtus ad fixuras
dense tomentosus. Apotheeia scutiformia, plano-convexa, interdum symphycarpea, idiogena (i.e. thallo non
marginata nec excipulo instructa). Lamina proligera strato medullari primitus inclusa, demum erumpens,
ex ascis clavatis sporidia quaterna octonave glauco-viridia elliptico-cymbiformia bilocularia foventibus, para-
physibusque crassis geniculato-subarticulatis composita.”— Mont. Póle Sud, p. 178.

A very natural genus, but of doubtful affinity, not a species of which was known to Acharius. It was first de-
scribed by Persoon, in Freyc. Voy. p. 206 (Presl, Repert. Bot. p. 95). Hooker, Eschweiler, and others, described one
species (Coccocarpia molybdea, Pers.) as a Lecidea (L. parmelivides, Hook.! in Kunth Syn. PI, Aug. voLi. p 1b; £
melanothriv, Eschw. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 258). Fée and Taylor included another in Solorina (see below), the
former botanist having first placed it in Cércinuria. elise, in fine, referred the species partly to Parmelia, partly
to Collema (Presl, ut supra). The habit is quite that of Parmelia plumbea, Ach., and it seems to be as much allied
in structure to Solorina as to anything else; but in the latter genus the lamina is imposed on the gonimical stratum

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 273

(see the excellent and learned remarks of Dr. Montagne in the Annales des Sciences Nat. vol. xvi. ser. ii. p. 123
sqq.).—The species of the genus are found in the Canaries, the East and West Indies, throughout a great part of
South America, the Moluccas, Philippines, and the Ladrone Islands.

1. Coccocarpia smaragdina, Pers. Mont.! Ann. des Sc. ut supra. Pers. in Freye. Voy. p. 206.
Presi, Repert. p. 96. — Solorina vitellina, Fée, Essai, p. 133. t. 30. f. 1 (in icone cit. S. cinchonarum). $.
aurantiaca, Tayl.! Lond. Journ. Bot. ut supra, —(Tar. CXXIX. D.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H.

If Fee’s figure belongs to this species, it represents a discoloured state different to anything that I have seen.
Specimens agreeing with the New Zealand form have been collected by Mr. Spruce at Pará, and named by Dr. Mon-
tagne C. smaragdina, Pers. Solorina maculata, Tayl.! in Herb. Hook., from the West Indies and the Philippines,
appears to be a form of this species.—PrATE CXXIX. D. Fig. 1, plants, natural size; 2, portion of thallus, show-
ing apothecium and under surface; 3, vertical section of apothecium and thallus; 4, asci and imperfect spores :—
all magnified.

2. Coccocarpia? pulchella, Bab. Endocarpon pulchellum, Ach. e£ Auctt. Lenormandia jungerman-
nim, Desmaz. Pl. Crypt. Franc.
Haz. Northern Island, J. D. H.

Dr. Nylander’s remark (Essai d’une Nouv. Class. des Lichens in Mém. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherb. vol. ii. p- 15), that
this perhaps belongs to Coccocarpia, appears to us extremely just, and I have accordingly assigned it, with a mark
of doubt, to that genus. True apothecia unknown.

Gen. VIII. STICTA, Ach.

A large genus, principally inhabiting the southern hemisphere. The Lichens which compose it are among the
handsomest, and at the same time the most difficult and variable plants of the Order, and their study is especially
commended to the colonial botanist. I have endeavoured to revise the characters, but am much dissatisfied with
my efforts. Delise attempted a monograph of this genus, but his materials were quite insufficient; his figures also
are oftentimes very indifferent.

$ A. Cyphelle punctiform, bright golden-yellow. (Chrysosticta, Bab.) [The species of this section are nearly

allied, and very difficult to be defined by characters, which are more or less variable in all the Lichens
which compose it: they principally inhabit the southern hemisphere.]
a. Medullary stratum yellow.

l. Sticta aurata, Ach. et Auctt.; thallo subcoriaceo lobato glaucescente passim lateritio rutilante
lobis sinuatis rotundatis non scrobiculatis marginibus (sterilibus) aurato-marginatis s. pulverulento-aureis,
subtus plus minus tomentoso ad centrum nigricante, apotheciis extus plus minus pubescentibus margina-
libus disco atro-purpureo planiusculo, margine (perfecto) lato citrino vel inflexo et obsoleto.—Zschw. Ic.
Set. Crypt. Bras. t. 14 opt.

Has. New Zealand, all travellers. Found fertile in Auckland by Dr. Sinclair.

S. angustata of Delise (Stict. pp. 52, 598. t. 3. f. 7), from New Zealand, is not even a variety, being only a form
with rather longer lobes; the black processes mentioned by him occur on both sides of the thallus in specimens from
Colenso and Sinclair; they appear to be accidental, and to result from age and decay. The $. aurata is subject to
considerable variation, even in its apothecia, which are sometimes almost smooth, sometimes a little hairy, but it is
usually known by its bright brick-red colour and pulverulent golden margins ; ¿he thallus is not pitted in the manner
of the following species. It ranges from the equator to about 50° of latitude, north and south, fructifying princi-
pally within the tropics. I have seen specimens from Cornwall (Mr. Eagle), the Channel Islands, France, Corsica,
Canary Islands, St. Helena, the Cape, Van Diemen’s Land, Brazil, and the West Indies. It has also been found in

VOL. I; 4 A

274 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Zichenes.

Spain, the Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, the equinoctial regions of America, Texas, and the Southern States of
North America, in Juan Fernandez, and the East Indies, and doubtless in many other places. It appears to affect
mountain woods at a low elevation (1500 feet in the Brazils), and, according to Delise, is partial to a maritime
situation. Martius, however, has found it in a very inland locality at Arara-Coara (province of Rio Negro).

2. Sticta orygmaa, Ach. ! Meth. Lich. p. 278 ; thallo amplo membranaceo (fere papyraceo) rigidulo
patulo viridi-glauco passim violaceo-purpurascente in ambitu lobato, profunde per totam superficiem eb præ-
sertim ad centrum scrobiculato et reticulato, subtus leete flavo subnudo u//ato in interstitiis obscuriore
ibique breviter tomentoso, lobis amplis rotundatis marginibus obtuse crenatis sublobatis, ramulis isidioideis
glaucis, apotheciis undique numerosissimis appressis parvis, extus glaberrimis levibus disco atro-purpureo
(sicco nigro) concavo demum turgido convexo, margine tenui distincto crenato demum evanescente.—Sticta
orygmea, Mont., Voy. au Pöle Sud, p. 190. pl. 15. fig. 1 opt. Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. p. 197 et p. 526.

Var. 5. rigido ; thallo rigido cartilagineo.

Haz. Common throughout the Islands, on wood and sticks, Menzies and all travellers.

There is some little doubt about the synonym of Acharius, as Dr. Montagne and Dr. Hooker have observed, UL. cc.;
he may probably have included under it the S. D’Urvillei, Delise. In Sir W. J. Hooker’s herbarium are two speci-
mens of * S. orygmea, Ach., N. Zealand," fixed on the same paper, from Menzies, who supplied Acharius with spe-
cimens. One of these belongs to 8. D'Urvilles (L. ochraceus, Menzies!) clearly ; the other I suppose to be a frag-
ment of the present species ; the thallus, however, is thicker than ordinary, and the colour more inclined to be rufes-
cent, thus approaching S. Colensoi; in other respects it agrees. Delise’s figure (pl. i. f. 3) is made from small frag-
ments; the corner figure appears to belong to the true plant; the execution of the other two fragments is so indif-
ferent that I can give no opinion on them.— Thallus a foot wide in a specimen from Colenso, about 3 or 4 inches in
the Antarctic specimens, nearly orbicular, running over trees and sticks, glaucous above, becoming darker and greener
when moist (usually without any tendency to a rutilant or rufescent hue), very much scrobiculated when in matu-
rity, especially towards the middle, so that the whole thallus appears reticulated and pitted. Here and there the
surface (especially after being wetted) has a delicate purple-violet tint, by which character the species may usually
be recognized. In some specimens from Auckland Island, as well as from New Zealand, portions of the upper surface
have a pallid brick-colour, and I suspect that this state is the S. Feet, Delise, and that the habitat (North America)
is erroncous. Difficult as it is to lay down absolute characters, it may be said of this species that its colour is more
glaucous, its texture more membranaceous, its lobes less divided, its under side brighter and more bullated, than in
S. aurata, D' Urvillei, or Colensoi. The apothecia also are darker than in 4. Colensoi, and far more numerous and
smaller than in any of the three species. The certain habitats for this species are New Zealand, Auckland Islands,
and the Straits of Magellan.

3. Sticta Colensoi, Bab.; thallo amplo patulo crasso rigido lobato luteo-glaucescente versus margines
plus minus sordide rufescente profunde et grosse scrobiculato ad margines iterum clathrato et reticulato,
lobis suboblongis profunde sinuatis et dissectis marginibus undulatis, ramulis isidioideis sordide luteis,
subtus nudiusculo flavido passim tomentoso et obscuriore vix bullato, cyphellis prominulis flavis, apotheciis
sparsis magnis liberis extus plus minus rugosis, margine ¿ndistincto rugoso subcrenato evanido disco vinoso
»ubro valde concavo demum explanato lacerato.

Var. b. pinnatifida ; thallo magis glauco minus rufo ad marginem tantum et minus profunde scrobicu-
lato, granulis isidioideis subnullis, apotheciis extus sublevibus. (Tas. CXXII.)

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, J. D. H., Raoul, Lyall.

A perplexing and variable species, but I do not see to what other it can be safely united: its nearest ally is
perhaps S. orygmea (Raoul’s specimen is named $. orygmea), but in S. Colensoi the thallus is usually thicker, less
minutely scrobiculated, more divided, and differently coloured; the beautiful violet tint is wanting, though in decay

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 275

the plant is sometimes obscurely blotched with purple; the under side is less brightly-coloured and more even; coral-
like processes yellowish (rising from the gonimical stratum). The apothecia, however, perhaps afford the best marks,
as above indicated ; disc 4-4 of an inch broad, or even more. Of the more rufous, more scrobiculated, and less divided
form, I have seen but indifferent specimens from New Zealand; better examples abound in the beech-forests of
Tasmania. We add a figure of our b. pinnatifida, from a beautiful specimen of Mr. Colenso.—Prarz CXXIIT.
Fig. 1 and 2, specimens, natural size; 8, portion of the apothecium ; 4, asci; 5, sporidia :—all magnified.

4. Sticta D’Urvillei, Delise ! Stict. p. 599. c. icon. in fin. oper. ; thallo crasso molliusculo amplo patulo
lobato glaucescente livido et passim nitide rutilante-ochraceo precipue ad margines scrobiculato et reticulato,
lobis divisis subflabellatis dissectis crispatis, subtus murino passim fulvescente nudo vel pallescente-tomentoso,
cyphellis sepius confluentibus majusculis, ramulis isidioideis (ubi adsunt) rutilante-ochraceis in pulvinulos
sepe densissime stipatis ; apotheciis sparsis primitus extus tuberculatis postremo glabriusculis liberis majus-
culis, disco primitus rubro deinde purpureo-nigro insequabili subconcavo, margine inflexo undulato persis-
tente.—S. endochrysa, Hook. fil. Fi. Ant. p. 525. pr. p. t. 195; 759.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Menzies, Colenso, etc.

Very near the preceding, and perhaps not distinct from it; and yet, after examining a considerable number of
specimens of this and the two preceding species, I have seldom found much difficulty in knowing to which I should
refer them ; the study of these intricate plants, however, must be left to colonial botanists. The pulvinate coralline
excrescences, the agreeable ochraceous hue, and especially the apothecia, distinguish 8. D’ Urvillei from its congeners.
** L. ochraceus; Menzies,” without habitat, is the name attached to specimens in Sir W. J. Hooker’s herbarium, and
in Aiton’s (now my own). S. D'Urvillei occurs also in Chiloe, the Falklands, and Cape Horn. Dr. Hooker (with
whose views Dr. Montagne accords doubtfully in a MS. note in Herb. Hook.) unites 5. endochrysa, Del.! with
5. D’Urvillei, Del. !; but the former plant has the adult medullary stratum almost white, whereas in S. D’Urvillei it
is, in every stage, of a full chrome-yellow; there are, besides, other differences. I have not seen specimens from
New Zealand.

b. Medullary stratum white in an adult state (the stratum towards the margins is slightly tinged with yellow).

5. Sticta erocaía, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 277; thallo subcarülagineo sublacunoso reticulato laciniato,
lobis plus minus laceris subrotundatis, subtus lanuginoso obscuro, sorediis pulverulentis subrotundis con-
fluentibus viridi-flavis (aliquando desunt), cyphellis minimis citrinis, apotheciis submarginalibus extus sub-
tomentosis disco opaco nigro margine thallode tenuissimo (etiam foliaceo !) erenato deinde integro evanes-
cente.—£. Bot. t. 2110 (bon.).

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Sinclair, Raoul (Herb. Mus. Paris, n. 62), Lyall ; ran-
ning over sticks, ete. Fertile.

A very variable plant, but in general readily recognized : perhaps some of Delise’s species may be forms of
this. Fries (Lich. Europ.) says that the European plant cannot safely be distinguished from 9. aurata, but that
extra-European specimens are manifestly different. The European (at least the Scotch) plant agrees exactly with
that from New Zealand, and Delise says that Hooker's Scotch specimens are identical with those from the Sand-
wich Islands. If this species cannot be distinguished from S. aurata, we must combine all the golden-cyphelled
Sticte together, for no two are more distinct. In some European and New Zealand specimens the thallus is almost
or (in Sinclair’s very fertile specimens) quite naked, in others nearly covered with green-yellow soredia. Cyphellee
sometimes almost obsolete.—The geographical range of this species is wide; it occurs in England, Ireland, Scot-
land, France, Spain, the Canary Islands, Bourbon, Australia, Tasmania, Straits of Magellan, Falklands, Cape Horn,
west coast of South America, West Indies, Sandwich Islands, and the United States, and, if 8. gilva be the same,
at the Cape of Good Hope. This gives us as the range about 56° or 57° north and south. Dr. Hooker (Fl. Ant.)
names Inverary as its northern limit, but I have gathered it at Arisaig, and also at Oban, both on the west coast

276 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. { Lichenes.

of Scotland, in lat. 57° north. It is less rare in Britain than has been supposed, and appears to be more common
in temperate than in tropical regions.

6. Sticta carpoloma, Delise, Stict. p. 159. c. icon. in fin. oper. non color. ; “ thallo cartilagineo coriaceo,
lobis laciniatis elongatis subcorniculatis retuso-truncatis, supra lacunoso pallido flavescente (s. rufescente),
subtus tomentoso (vel nudo) ochroleuco, cyphellis citrinis punctiformibus, apotheciis marginalibus (et
sparsis) disco concavulo brumneo-nigricante margine prominulo subevanescente.”—Delise. S. impressa,
Tayl.! gr. p. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ut supra. (Tas. CXXVI.)

Has. Astrolabe Harbour, Middle Island, D’ Urville. Northern Island, Colenso, J.D. H. Great Bar-
rière Island (on wood), Sinclair.

Allied to the preceding, but having exactly the habit of the S. foveolata, Del., from which it can scarcely be
distinguished when the cyphell are obsolete. The broader forms are not altogether unlike 8. pulmonacea, as Delise
observes. In spite of a certain amount of variation in the length and breadth of the segments of the thallus, and
of the more or less tomentose or quite naked under side, S. carpoloma is in general easily recognized by its deeply
lacunose and forked lobes: the apothecia and medullary stratum agree with S. crocata. In the Hookerian Her-
barium is a fragment sent by Dr. Montagne, who has compared Delise's plant, which was collected in Chili, the
only other station for our Lichen, so far as we know. This plant does not bear soredia or coralline processes.—
Prats CXXVI. Fig. 1, portion of specimen, natural size; 2 and 3, upper and under surfaces of lobes of the frond ;
4, vertical section of apothecium and thallus; 5 and 6, asci; 7, sporidia :—all magnified.

7. Sticta Mougeotiana, Delise, Stict. p. 62. t. 5. f. 18; “ thallo cartilagineo laciniato levi, lobis elon-
gatis multifidis, lobulis rotundato-crenatis marginibus erosis flexuosis inflexis, supra glauco-hepatico pul-
vinulis fruticulosis auratis in marginibus tecto, subtus rugoso vix tomentoso ad centrum nigricante in
ambitu brunneo-pallido, cyphellis minutis citrinis, apotheciis . . . 9” Delise, l. c.—A. Cunn. Comp. Bot.
Magaz. v. 9. p. 331.

Has. Middle Island, D’ Urville.

Dr. Montagne descripes the apothecia as ** marginalia, subsessilia, disco fusco-badio plano, margine decorticato
purpurascente" (Fl. Fernand. n. 73). He inclines to unite S. aurigera, Del., to this species. I am sorry not to
have an authentic specimen of this Lichen; the colour of the medullary stratum is not noticed by the authors men-
tioned. Mr. Colenso has collected what is probably the same plant: if so, it is white.

$ 2. Cyphelle white or pale yellow ; either punctiform, or ewplanate, or urceolate. (Leucosticta, Bab.) [Spe-
cies of this section are found in almost all parts of the world, but by far the greater part occur in the
temperate and frigid regions of the south. No Lichens present greater difficulties as to the limitation
of species than this group.]

A. Sriprranz, Bab.—Zhallus contracted at the base into a thick, distinct, woody stem ; frond flabellate, more or

less distinctly costate. Apothecia not hairy.
8. Sticta filicina, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 276.—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 55 (opt.).
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, on rotten wood, Forster, Menzies, etc.

Hoffmann's figure is so excellent, that little need be said of this species ; the elongated stipes, the decompound
and dissected, and very strongly costate, thallus, the elegantly coloured, ferruginous, minutely tomentose under side,
and minute urceolated cyphelle, distinguish it readily from every Lichen with which I am acquainted. Dr. Mon-
tagne, in his valuable account of the Lichens of the Canary Islands (p. 106 in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Can.),
thinks S. Dufourii the same as S. filicina. lam indebted to his kindness for a French specimen of the former plant,
which seems to me altogether a different Lichen, though belonging to the present Section; its ally is rather S. fuli-
ginosa, with which it accords in most respects, except in the more or less distinct, elongated, woody stipes, and
costate thallus. Dr. Hooker's S. filicina ! from Cape Horn (Fl. Antaret. p. 528), clearly appears to belong to 8

Lichenes.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 277

Dufourii. I may just add that S. Dufourii occurs in the Hookerian Herbarium, marked “ Scotland,” to which Dr.
Taylor has written the name $. fimbriata, Tayl. 8. filicina occasionally bears black cephalodia, which greatly re-
semble the apothecia of a Cetraria ; we have added a figure of this state. The young plant bearing these has been
called Cetraria lacera by Dr. Taylor (in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. Dec. 1844). The branches in this species occasion-
ally take root and form another plant. We have seen no specimens of true 8. filicina except from New Zealand ;
it is said to be found elsewhere, among other places, in Jamaica; but we rather suspect that this may be our Sticta
Seemanni, of which a figure will soon be published in the * Botany of the Herald,’ and to which 5$. marginifera,
Mont.! (barren), may possibly be referred.

9. Sticta latifrons, A. Rich! FI. N. Zel. p. 27. t. 8. F 2; stipite lignoso crasso brevi, thallo coriaceo
glaucescente flabellato sinuato lobis linearibus palmatis corniculatis integerrimis subtus glabriusculo s. bre-
viter tomentoso plus minus obscuriore subreticulatim costato, cyphellis amplis lutescentibus expansis, apo-
theciis rubris (pallidis s. obscuris) appressis planis demum convexis, margine tenui evanescente.

Var. a. ochroleuca, Bab. ; thallo ochroleuco s. glauco, costis validioribus, subtus pallido, apotheciis
flavo-rubris.

Var. 8. Menziesii ; thallo crassiore flavo-fusco subtus brunneo nigricante costis obscurioribus, apothe-
ciis fusco-rubris s. nigrieantibus.—8S. Menziesii, Hook. Jil.! Fl. Antaret. p. 198. (Tar. CXXII.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, on trees, earth, and stones, Menzies, De Belligny (Herb. Mus.
Par. n. 57), Colenso, ete.

A well marked species, but varying in colour, and in the length of the stem, which is sometimes almost obso-
lete. It is possible to select specimens of a and 8 which look very different, but an inspection of a numerous suite
will convince any one that there are no limits whatever between them. 8. macrophylla varies exactly in the same
way, and its dark form is called S. badia by Mougeot.—Found also (as it appears) in Lord Auckland's Group and
in Owyhee, but the specimens in Herb. Hook. are incomplete.—PrATE CXXII. Var. Menziesii. Fig. 1, young
state; 2, old state, natural size; 8, vertical section of under surface of thallus ; 4, section of apothecium ; 5, ascus;
6, sporidia; 7, portion of subjacent stratum :—all highly magnified.

B. Damacornus, Bab.—Thallus stemless ; lobes repeatedly forked and corniculated, nearly linear, margins not
sinuated and dissected. Apothecia not hairy. [The species of this section are so nearly allied, that it is
next to impossible to limit them. See J. D. Hook. Fl. Ant. p. 527. The species of Delise’s work,
n. 29-40, appertain for the most part to this division, which forms in itself a tolerably natural section,
but merging into the preceding and following one.]

* Thallo profunde scrobiculato.

10. Sticta Richardi, Mont.! ut infra ; thallo subcoriaceo s. submembranaceo molliusculo opaco dicho-
tome laciniato, laciniis elongatis divergenti-corniculatis, apicibus loborum acutis s. rotundatis s. emargi-
nato-truncatis supra pallido glaucescente vel viridi rufescente subconcentrice scrobiculato, subtus plus minus

T Since the greater part of this account of the New Zealand Lichens was written, I have received from Dr.
Montague his diagnosis of new species of Lichens in Chili, and remarks on other described plants of the same Order
(Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. xviii. He remarks of 9. Jilicina that it would take a volume to describe its forms,
and unites with it Sticta Dufourii, Del., S. marginifera, Mont., S. hypopsila, Mont. (which he considers probably the
same as S. glaberrima, Laur., remarking “transitus ad $, dameecornem'”), and 8. latifrons, A. Rich. The specimens
which I have seen would not have led to the same conclusion as my learned friend has arrived at, but I do not at
all deny the possibility of his views being right, and commend them to the attention of the colonial student,
Still I have, on the whole, preferred to let the above remarks stand as they were originally written, acknowledging
at the same time that they probably require modification. The liability to error is in cases of this kind very great,
and no one, who is only acquainted with a few dried specimens, ought to lay too much stress on his own views.

VOL. II, 4B

278 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. { Lichenes.

breviter tomentoso subochroleuco bullato versus ambitum subnudo pallido vel albido, cyphellis minimis
niveis, apotheciis semper marginalibus, disco (semper ?) nudo.

Var. a. glauca, Bab.; thallo molli glauco pallido subtus versus ambitum subnudo albido, apothecio-
rum disco subrubro.—Sticta impressa, Zayl.! pr. p. ut supra.

Var. 8. rufovirescens, Bab.; thallo rigidiusculo rufo-virescente subtus obscuriore versus ambitum
fulvo, apotheciorum disco nigrescente.—4. Rich. Astrol. t. 9. f. 1. S. Richardi, Mont.! Fl. Fernand.
n. 19. Foy. au Pole Sud, p. 187. 8. carpoloma, A. Rich. ut supra (non Delise).

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, abundant, D’ Urville, Cunningham, Hombron, Lyalt, etc.

This form is in general easily distinguished from the following by certain relative characters, such as a softer,
more opaque, and paler thallus, more naked and paler under side, also by the strictly marginal apothecia, whose disc
we have never seen pruinose, and by the invariably (?) snowy cyphellee ; but when the plant assumes the form well
represented by M. Richard (our var. ß), it becomes less easy to separate it from ©. foveolata y, and we have seen a
Tasmanian specimen or two so ambiguous that we fear the plants may possibly pass into each other, as Dr. Hooker
has also strongly suspected. Dr. Montagne calls the margins “ corrugato-ascendent : the same remark may often
be made of the following species. Found also in Juan Fernandez, Auckland Tsland, and Tasmania.

11. Sticta foveolata, Delise, Stict. p. 101. t. 8. f. 86 (Gon.) ; thallo cartilagineo rigido nitido lobis
subcorniculatis, supra obscuro olivaceo s. viridi-brunneo reticulato-foveolato, subtus plus minus tomentoso
subobscuro non aut vix bullato, cyphellis subclausis minimis albidis s. lutescentibus, apotheciis marginalibus
et disco frondis sparsis, disco primitus sepe pruinoso demum nigro. :

Var. a. Flotowiana, Bab.; thallo crasso ad centrum diviso, lobis latiusculis divisis segmentis subline-
aribus profundissime scrobiculatis, subtus obscuro nigricante tomentoso, cyphellis albidis s. flavidis, apothe-
ciis numerosissimis marginalibus et interdum sparsis.—S. foveolata, Delise, l. c. Mont.! Voy. au Póle
Sud, p. 186. Hook. fil.! Fl. Antarct. p. 197. 8, Flotowiana, Laur. in Linn. 1827. p. 40. S. impressa,
Tayl.! pr. p. ut supra. Ñ. linearis ejusd.!

Var. B. cellulifera, Bab.; thallo stellato crassissimo vix usque ad centrum diviso, lobis latissimis
(uncialibus et ultra) profundissime reticulato-scrobiculatis parum profunde divisis segmentis latiusculis
brevibus subpalmatis, subtus reticulato ad centrum nigricante, cyphellis albidis s. flavidis, apotheciis per
totum thallum dispersis et marginalibus.—S. cellulifera, Zayl.! pr. p. ut supra. Hook. fil.! Fl. Antarct.
f. 198. (Tas. CXXIV.)

Var. y. Billardieri, Bab. ; thalli laciniis angustioribus longioribus politis glauco-fuscescentibus minus
crassis minus profunde scrobiculatis, subtus versus ambitum sepius fulvis, cyphellis plumbeis s. albo-flavidis
seepe clausis obsoletis, apotheciis submarginalibus.—S. Billardieri, Ded. Stict. p. 99. t. 8. f. 85. Hook. fil.!
Fl. Antarct. p. 527.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, common, Cunningham, Lyall, ete.

The Lichens comprehended in the above-cited synonyms have occasioned much trouble to Dr. Hooker and my-
self. I cannot discover any limits to the varieties above mentioned; the cyphellee vary considerably in colour, and
the upper and under surfaces of the frond still more so. In all the forms of this species the scrobiculations are
more irregular, the consistence thicker, the thallus more polished and darker, than in the preceding; in o and £
the scrobiculations are very deep, and the thallus in all appears intersected by anastomosing lines, which are often
punctulated ; the apothecia also (usually very numerous) are freely scattered over the frond. In y the reticulations

are less profound, the segments narrower and less thick, often denticulated at the margin, the under side somewhat
paler, and the apothecia are more confined to the margin; the colour, however, of both sides of the frond is variable.
In all, the dise of the young fruit is often pruinose. Var. 8 has very much the habit of 8. pulmonacea, and hardly
differs from S. anthraspis, Ach.! from California (Herb. Sm.), except that in the latter the segments are hardly at

Lichenes.] FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 279

all corniculate (the habit being exactly that of S. linita, Ach., see Delise’s figure), and the consistence is much thin-
ner. Laurer's synonym may be regarded as tolerably certain; the description agrees, and a specimen of the plant
collected by Sieber (named S. damecornis), whose Lichens Laurer describes, is found in the Hookerian Herbarium.
The various forms of this species occur commonly in the subtropical, temperate, and frigid regions of Australia,
South America, and their outlying islands. I strongly suspect that Menzies’ specimens of S. anthraspis came from
New Zealand, and not from North America. If it were worth while, twice as many varieties might be enumerated,
and very probably several species of Delise and Laurer should be added to the synonyms.—PLATE CXXIV, Var.
cellulifera. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, under surface of thallus, showing cyphellee; 3, vertical section of apothe-
cium; 4, highly magnified section of ditto; 5, asci; 6, sporidia :—all highly magnified.

** Thallo non scrobiculato.

12, Sticta /ragillima, Bab.; thallo glaucescente flavido passim rufescente membranaceo ‚Fragillimo
canaliculato dichotome ramoso, lobis linearibus furcatis seepius tuberculatis, subtus costato brevissime fusco-
tomentoso, cyphellis niveis, apotheciis marginalibus et sparsis parvis disco rufo plano margine tenuissimo
evanescente.

Var. 8. glaberrima, Bab.; thallo subeinnamomeo, lobis latioribus sinuatis subtus saturatius tinctis
subcostatis glaberrimis aut glabriusculis, cyphellis urceolatis, apotheciis . . . .—S. glaberrima, Laur. !
in Linn. 1827. p. 42.

Has. Northern Island, Diefenbach, J. D. H. Branches of decayed trees, Kaipara forests, Moss-

man! n. 186.

Very similar to S. damecornis in its ramification, and, like it, prone to considerable variation, as is apparent from
the few specimens which I have examined. The consistency of the thallus, however, is widely different, and is so
extremely brittle that most of the specimens are more or less mutilated. The central costa being more or less dis-
tinct, is likewise a character of importance. The var. 8 cannot be satisfactorily separated; the lobes are broader
and shorter, and the colour is different ; the under side likewise is sometimes, but not always, quite smooth. 8. dame-
cornis, var. rufa, Bab. in Seemann’s Bot. of the Herald. ined. (S. rufa, Auctt.) is an analogous form of S. damecornis.
I am indebted to Dr. Fenzl, of Vienna, for a minute specimen of S. glaberrima, Laur.! which (when compared with
the description) I have no doubt in referring hither. Laurer gives the Mauritius as the habitat, but my specimen
is marked as from New Holland. In all likelihood 8. cinnamomea, A. Rich. Fl. de la N. Zél. p. 28. pl. 8, f. 3. is
a fine state of this form. It does not seem, however, to be costate; the apothecia are represented as very dark,
and having a tolerably broad margin. I have seen no authentic specimens.

13. Sticta cinnamomea, A. Rich.; “thallo cartilagineo, expanso, irregulariter diffuso et profunde
lobato; lobis dilatatis apice marginibusque incisis, lobulis integris aut emarginatis subimbricatis; supra
glaberrimo, lucenti; brunneo-flavescenti, subeinnamomeo, subtus, presertim ad basin divisionum, obscu-
riori, tomentello, cyphellis albis minimis consperso; apotheciis paucioribus submarginalibus, planiusculis
nigrescentibus marginatis, margine crenulato discolori.” /7. Nov. Zel. p. 98. t. 8. J 5 9.

Has. Middle Island: Astrolabe Harbour, D’ Urville.

See remarks under the preceding species.

14. Stieta damecornis, Ach. ! et Auctt.—A typo paullulum differt var. macrophylla, Bab. in Seemann’s
Bot. of Herald, sub prelo ; thallo latiore crassiore, lobis subimbricatis plumbeis passim fuscescentibus api-
cibus rotundato sinuato-rotundatis, apotheciis marginalibus et sparsis.—S. macrophylla, Delise, Stict. P.
110.7. 10. f. 42. Scher. Enum. Crit. Lich. Eur. p. 31.

Has. New Zealand, probably from Akaroa, Raout (Herb. Mus. Paris, n. 40).

Very poor fragments occur in Herb. Hook., but they may be referred to this form. For the distribution (which

280 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

is very wide) see my remarks in Dr. Seemann’s work. It is the one species of this group occurring in Europe, and
there only in Ireland and the Azores.

15. Sticta sinuosa, Pers. ; “thallo glauco levi subtus fuscescente profunde diviso laciniis subdiscretis
sinuosis, scutellis submarginalibus dilute badiis."—. Pers. in Preyc. Voy. p. 200. Presl, Repert. Bot. p. 91.
Mont. ! in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. v. 4. p. 6.

Var. papyracea, Bab.; thallo humecto leete viridi tenuiore, apotheciis minoribus sparsis dilute rubris.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall.

A troublesome form, varying a good deal in the breadth of the segments and in the colour. I am not fully
convinced that it is distinct from S. damecornis, from which, however, the sinuous, less corniculated ramification
appears to separate it. The cyphellz are large and explanate.

16. Sticta variabilis, Ach., Lich. Univ. p. 455 ; thallo cartilagineo prostrato laciniato, lobis linearibus
furcatis crenulatis apicibus fissis tenuiter dissectis, supra levi pallido glauco ochraceo in humido virescente,
subtus tomentoso ad centrum fusco-nigricante in ambitu ochroleuco, cyphellis urceolatis pallidis, apotheciis
submarginalibus disco fusco-rubro margine prominulo.—Delise, Stict. p. 119. 7. 11. f.48. A. Rich. Flora.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, on bark, Colenso, D' Urville, Sinclair.

Dr. Sinclair's specimen agrees well with an authentic fragment of Sticta variabilis, Ach., found in Bourbon by
Bory, preserved in the Hookerian Herbarium, and communicated by Dr. Montagne; in Bory's specimen, however,
the under side is darker, the cyphellee are less pure white, and the lobes somewhat shorter. These differences are of
very little moment, especially in a species which, as its name implies, is given to considerable variation. Bory’s
remark, given in Acharius (to whom it was unknown), is excellent :—“ Elegans, laciniis lobatis leete virentibus, mar-
gine cireumcirca delicate dissectis quasi Jungermannia furcata.” Delise’s figure is either very bad, or expresses a state
of the plant very different from such as I have seen. The colour in Bory’s and Sinclair’s specimen is glaucous green,
scarcely at all ochroleucous, as Delise describes it; the long, linear, very narrow, forked lobes contrast strikingly
with the main broad divisions of the thallus; these are somewhat channelled, and show a very slight inclination to
become costate. This species has some points of resemblance to 5. filicina, as Delise very truly observes, but is
sufficiently distinct. Mr. Colenso has collected a Sticta on Fagus, which I conceive to be a large and broad state
of this species; the appearance of the upper side is precisely that of S. filicina, the margins of which are frequently
much cut and dissected like Cetraria fallax (a fact of which Delise was ignorant), and so is that of the apothecia
likewise ; the colour too has a tinge of ochroleucous or rufous, but the under side is not at all or very slightly cos-
tate, quite void of the ferruginous tint peculiar to 8. filicina, and the cyphellæ are also different. The same plant,
barren and more glaucous, and with the margins exceedingly finely cut, and the segments elongated, is named by
Dr. Taylor 8. chloroleuca (ut supra); another specimen he has named 8. filicina. Precisely the same form is found
fertile (apothecia minute, rufous) in Surinam, which he has named 5. propaginea in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. vi.
p. 178. This Lichen was discovered in Bourbon, and is also found, according to Dr. Montagne, in the Straits of
Magellan, Auckland Island, and the Island of Balaou (Archip. des Viti).

C. Fonos, Bab.—Prond not at all or but slightly corniculated, extremities frequently rounded ; margins sinu-
ated, often crenate, crisped and dissected. Apothecia not hairy. (This section cannot be strictly distin-
guished from the foregoing ; S. sinuosa, S. variabilis, and 8. Freycinetii in some degree connect them.]

* Oyphelle more or less punctiform or indistinct, not definitely eaplanate.

17. Sticta Freyeinetii, Delise; thallo amplo crasso cartilagineo sinuato appresso ambitu libero, lobis
plus minus elongatis sinuatis et dissectis (sepe folia quercus referentibus) versus apicem crenulato-undu-
latis subcorniculatis supra levi ochroleuco planiusculo s. sublacunoso, subtus subtomentoso fusco-cinereo in
ambitu ochroleuco, cyphellis magnitudine variis prominentibus albo-plumbeis demum subexcavatis, apothe-

ciis marginalibus et sparsis extus furfuraceis subtuberculosis elevatis primitus profunde concavis subclausis

RA II kk UNIT

eee

Lichenes. FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 281

demum magnis explanatis disco rufo (sepe stellatim fisso) margine furfuraceo acute denticulato demum
inflexo et evanescente.—S. Freycinetii, Delise, Stict. p. 124. t. 14. f. 51 (mediocr.). Hook. fil. ! Fl. Ant.
Jp. 528. f. 196 (bon.) (non p. 198.) S.fulvo-cinerea, Mont. Voy. au Pöle Sud, p. 184. S. Magellanica,
Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 283. Parmelia lactucefolia, Pers. in Freye. Voy. p.199. Presi, Repert. Bot. p. 91.

Var. 8. Delisea, Bab.; thallo minore tenuiore subpapyraceo lobis longioribus subcanaliculatis colore
variis (plus minus glaucis, olivaceis s. ochroleucis) marginibus sinuatis erosis crenatis et (sepe tenuissime)
dissectis, subtus tomentoso vel nudo ochroleuco vel nigricante, apothectis minoribus submarginalibus sessi-
libus planiusculis, disco seepe corrugato “papillato ” (Delise), demum nigricante.—Delisea pseudo-sticta,
Pée, Essai, p. ci. t. 2. f. 15. Sticta Delisea, Delise, Stict. p. 94. t. 9. f. 39. S. Freycinetii, Hook. fil. !
Fl. Antarct. p. 198 (corrected to S. Delisea).

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, abundant, Colenso, Lyall, ete.

To construct a specific character that shall include every variety of this plant is nearly impossible; the lobes
vary exceedingly in shape, thickness, and colour; the under side and cyphellz are likewise very far from uniform ;
the most obvious distinction, as Dr. Hooker observes, lies in the pubescent apothecia with fimbriated margins.
Some specimens (of a) occur with the habit of Peltidea aphthosa (see Hooker’s figure) ; one of Mr. Colenso's is almost
precisely similar to Sticta glomulifera ; while the smaller forms (8) are not unfrequently like Cetraria glauca. A care-
ful consideration of a large number of specimens has convinced me that the Sticta Preycinetii of the two parts of the
‘Flora Antarctica’ are only forms of one and the same species; the 8. Freycinetii of the first part being our var. B
Delisea, which is probably $. Delisea, Del., though I have no authentic specimens, and have not seen the disc dis-
tinctly papillated, as Fée represents it; it is not unfrequently morbose and corrugated. Dr. Montagne's plant, * S.
Delisea, Fee ?” Voy. au Pôle Sud, p. 186, appears from the description to be a form of our var. 8; and I suspect
that S. malovina, Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 283, is not specifically different.—A very abundant species where it
occurs, being found in New Holland (Delise), Port Famine, Juan Fernandez (Herb. Hook.), Tasmania, and all the
Antarctic regions from the sea-level to the mountain-tops. For further remarks see Hook. Fl. Antarct. p. 198.
Dr. Taylor well included all the present forms under one species, S. glabra, Lich. Antarct. n. 84, ut supra, but
his name must be changed.

18. Sticta granulata, Bab.; thallo coriaceo rigido profunde laciniato irregulariter scrobiculato, lobis
subcanaliculatis irregulariter divisis et laciniatis marginibus crenatis (seepe sorediiferis) supra sordide viridi-
olivaceo (humecto letiore viridi) passim rufescente, epidermide sepe longitudinaliter rupta demum sorediis
corallineis pulvinulatis albidis squalidissimis demum fuscescentibus (seepe densissime) obtecto, subtus to-
mentoso rufescente s. fuscescente ad centrum nigricante, cyphellis primitus clausis deinde subexpansis de-
pressis albido-lutescentibus magnitudine variis irregularibus, apotheciis submarginalibus extus glaberrimis
disco nigricante margine thallode tenuissimo integro evanescente.

Has. Middle Island, Zya//.

This Lichen does not appear to be described, unless by chance S. dissecta, Laur. in Linn. 1827. p. 41, be a
more elegant and pinnated form of it. It had escaped Laurer that a very different species is figured by Swartz
(Lich, Amer. t. 8) under that name. Our Lichen resembles $. pulmonacea a good deal in its ample size and general
mode of division, but seems to be as nearly allied to the preceding as to any other. The olive-green colour, the
scrobiculated thallus, and, above all, the tendency of the plant to produee copious dirty coralline pulvinate soredia,
often covering the centre, and the irregular, ill-developed, dirty yellow cyphelle, are its most obvious characters.
Found also in Tasmania by Gunn and by Hooker. The apothecia seem rare; we have only seen two, and these
not in a very good state. The imperfectly-formed cyphellee show a transition to the structure of the simple naked
spots of 8. scrobiculata and its allies, which constitute a section (Lobaria) not yet found in New Zealand,

19. Stieta argyracea, Delise; thallo suborbiculari subcoriaceo foliaceo profunde laciniato, lobis elon-
VOL. IL 46

282 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

gatis subpinnatifidis marginibus sinuatis crenatis sepe albo-marginatis (soredüferis) apice repando-crenatis,
supra fusco-@neo s. viridi-rufescente (humecto lurido-virescente) albo-guttato, dein sorediis prorumpentibus
sparsis verruceeformibus albis s. cesrulescentibus exasperato, subtus tomentoso rufescente ad centrum nigri-
cante, cyphellis planiusculis niveis, apotheciis parvis submarginalibus planiusculis nigro-fuscis margine
crenato granulato.—S. argyracea, Delise, Stict. p. 91. t. T. f. 80 (pessima). Ñ. aspera, Laur. in Linn.
1827. p. 41. Mont.! in Bel. Voy. aux Ind. Or. p. 120; ejusd. Voy. au Pole Sud, p. 187.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall, etc.

Allied to 8. sylvatica, but readily distinguished by its albo-guttate thallus, the spots being really incipient
soredia, which soon break form into minute white or bluish fibrillose warts, by which the upper surface is rendered
rough. Dr. Montagne has kindly sent a fructified specimen of this widely-dispersed species from Cochin China; it
occurs also in the Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, Tahiti. There is little doubt that S. aspera, Laur., is the same
as S. argyracea, Del. Dr. Montagne cites as a probable synonym of the former 8. ewasperata, Pers. in Herb. Mont.
M. Delise gives as a synonym of the latter S. ewasperata, Moug. in Herb.

20. Sticta Hookeri, Bab.; thallo submembranaceo amplo profunde laciniato scrobiculato et reticulato,
laciniis adscendentibus irregulariter laceris sinuatis et crenatis subrotundatis, supra lürido glaucescente
seneo-fusco (humecto nigro-viridi) in ambitu rufescente, tuberculis isidioideis fuligineis squalidis (subobso-
letis) hinc inde prorumpentibus subtus tomentoso fuligineo-nigro in ambitu fuscescente, cyphellis puncti-
‚formibus substipitatis clausis albis, apotheciis marginalibus et sparsis liberis subpedicellatis flexuosis extus
ferrugineo-rufescentibus, disco aterrimo concavo s. plano demum inflexo convoluto, margine glaberrimis
politis sepe corrugatis thallode tenuissimo subnullo. (Tas. CXXV. D.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Resembles S. sylvatica, as Dr. Hooker justly observes in a manuscript note. In every specimen, however, of
S. sylvatica which I have examined, from various European localities (and they are tolerably numerous), the cy-
phellee are distinctly urceolate and sunk in the thallus (never punctiform), and often of a considerable size ; whereas
here they are altogether different, bearing much resemblance to another species (S. Wallichiana, Tayl.!), collected in
Nepal by Wallich and Hooker. Again, the apothecia which the older writers ascribe to S. sylvatica are those of
a Peltidea, being situate at the very end of the digitate lobes; it is true that an error has long been suspected (see
Fries, etc.), and Dr. Montagne informs me that Dr. Welwitsch has collected 8. sylvatica “ apotheciis biatorinis,”
like those of 8. fuliginosa, I presume, which Fries describes; but these appear, from the figures in Engl. Bot. t.
1103, and from Fries’s and Hooker’s remarks, to be of a very different colour and structure. Neither does Delise’s
description of the S. sylvatica, var. Peruviana, accord either in the cyphelle or the apothecia: “cyphellis wrceolatis
membranaceis albidis, apotheciis sparsis crassis disco brunneo-fusco margine evanescente in junioribus disco concavo
rufescente margine prominulo suberenato subinflexo." In truth the plant is, after all, far more nearly allied to S. an-
thraspis, Ach., which we refer to 5. foveolata, but the lobes are not, as it seems, corniculate, and the apothecia are
much larger and more free. The apothecia are in their very infancy closed, but very soon become remarkably open
and free, almost stipitate; the thalline excipulum (which is often corrugated outside) is polished towards the
edge, and this is so extremely fine that the disc appears to have no distinct margin. The thallus shows some
slight symptoms of becoming isidiophorous, with sooty processes; but these do not assume a distinct coralline form,
as in S. sylvatica. The upper and under lobes have a strong tendency in this plant to adhere to each other, so as
to become absolutely united at certain points, and not to be separated without rupturing the thallus.—PLATE
OXXV. B. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size; 2, portion of apothecium and asci; 3, ascus; 4, immature sporidia; 4, mature
sporidium :—all highly magnified.

** Oyphelle large, urceolate, at length explanale.
21. Sticta fuliginosa, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 280. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 52.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (Barren.)

Lichenes.| FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND, 283

Apothecia unknown to me. Scherer (Enum. Crit, p. 32) calls them “ submarginalia limbo ciliato radiosa,
ciliis fugacibus." See also Hooker, Engl. Fl. vol. ii. pt.i.p.206. The thallus of the New Zealand Lichen resembles
the figure in Engl. Bot. A less divided plant, more rugose and less rufous than S. sylvatica, but probably not
distinct from it. See Fries, and the remarks on the preceding species. Cyphelle urceolate, white, then large,
explanate. Mr. Colenso’s specimen is the only extra-European one which I remember to have seen.

22. Sticta cinereo-glauca, Tayl.!; thallo tenui subcoriaceo suborbiculari lobato lobis subascendenti-
bus amplis sinuatis (parum crenatis aut dissectis), supra glaberrimo glauco in ambitu plerumque cinera-
scente humecto (sepe letissime) viridi (presertim in junioribus) subtus pallido rufescente breviter to-
mentoso, sorediis nullis, cyphellis pallidis urceolatis mox planis sepe amplis, apotheciis appressis margi-
nalibus et per thallum profusis minoribus, disco rufescente plano in senectute convexo et sepe tuberculato,
margine tenuissimo crenulato subcolorato evanescente.—S. cinereo-glauca, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 95. ut
supra. (Tas. CXXVII. C.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H.

This species greatly resembles S. limbata, and probably is not distinct from it. The lead-coloured soredia of
that species, however, are wanting, and the habit is somewhat different.—Piats CXXVII, C. Fig. 1, plant, natural
size; 2, portion of apothecium, vertically cut; 3, asci; 4, sporidia :—all highly magnified.

23. Sticta imbata, Ach., Meth. Lich. 4.980. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 52. Scher! Ers. 1.557. A typo
paullulum differt

Var. suöflavida, Bab. ; thallo magis diviso lobis longioribus leetius coloratis plus minus fusco-flavescen-
tibus subtus fulvescentibus, sorediis granulosis plumbeis magis elevatis—Vix differt S. Thouarsii, Del.
Stict. p. 90. t. 8. f. 29.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, on wood, Colenso, Lyall. (Barren.)

This can hardly be distinguished with safety from the European Lichen. Delise’s figure of S. Thouarsii well
represents the ramification, and differs in nothing material except in the white soredia, which are decidedly lead-
coloured in the New Zealand plant. Specimens, which Dr. Hooker appears justly to refer to S. Thouarsii, from the
Falkland Islands, are more stunted in growth, are thicker and browner, and have whiter soredia, but even in them
may be discovered a slight inclination to lead-colour in the younger stage. Apothecia unknown,

D. Hirsurm, Bab.—Frond foliaceous, lobed, often monophyllous, more or less hairy on the upper surface, espe-
cially when young. Apothecia distinctly and subpersistently setose externally (not merely pubescent or sub-
ciliate). [This natural group includes S. Humboldtii, Hook., 8. cyathicarpa, Del., S. cometia, Ach., but
passes into the preceding through S. tomentosa, Ach., which has the thallus smooth above, and the apo-
thecia less persistently hairy.]

24. Sticta coriacea, Tayl.!; “thallo coriaceo rufescenti-cinereo margine subtusque albido-villoso cellu-
loso-scrobiculato, lobulis margine decurvis subcrenatis subtus concoloribus, gemmis marginalibus planis
villoso-ciliatis, cyphellis albis concavis marginatis, apotheciis sessilibus concavis extus villosis disco rufes-
centi-nigro margine incurvo.”—Tayl. Lich. Antarct. n. 90. ut supra. (Tas. CXXV. A.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, J. D. H., Lyall.

“ Several inches wide; thallus thick, not shining, pale ochrey-brown, very uneven, the central parts ascending,
the margins deflexed,” Tayl. l.c. A very distinct species from every other in this enumeration; the thallus has
somewhat the habit of S. glomulifera, Delise. S. Humboldtii, Hook., and S. cyathicarpa, Delise (S. Kunthii, Hook.),
are allied, but abundantly different. So also is S. cometia, Ach., but, judging from Delise’s ample description and
neat figure, it cannot possibly be the same. | S. obvoluta, Ach. (non Delise), which is undoubtedly S. hirsuta, Mont.
Voy. au Póle Sud, p. 188. pl. 15. f. 2 (opt.), resembles the present plant much, but the cyphelle are punctiform,

284 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Lichenes.

bright yellow. A specimen of the former in my herbarium (from Aiton’s collection) is named “ L. berberinus, Men-
zies."—PrATE CXXV. A. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, apothecia; 3, vertical section of portion of apothecium ;
4, asci in different stages of maturity ; 5, sporidium :—all highly magnified.

$ 3. Cyphelle wanting altogether, or only occasional. (Pseudosticta, Bad.)

25. Sticta herbacea, Delise, Stict. p. 132. t. 16. f. 56. Fries, Lich. Hurop. p. 55. Schar.! Eas. n.
560. Raoul, Chois de Pl. de N. Z. p. 33. Parmelia herbacea, Ach. et Auctt.
Has. New Zealand (probably from Akaroa), Raoul.

Of this I have seen no New Zealand specimen, except a small (unnamed) fragment from the Paris Museum,
which seems clearly to belong to it.—Widely dispersed over Western and Central Europe (Spain to Norway, Fries),
the Canary Islands, Northern and Arctic America ; found also in the Himalaya Mountains (Winterbottom !) and
Peru (Flörke).

26. Sticta Montagnei, Bab.; thallo submembranaceo latissimo glauco subrufescente (humecto non
mutato) foliaceo corrugato, lobis subsinuatis rotundatis crenatis ad margines squamulas foliaceas gerentibus
subtus nudiusculo subferrugineo passim nigricante, eyphellis seepius absentibus passim vero occurrentibus
minutis prominentibus albidis clausis subobsoletis, strato medullari albo, apotheciis amplis liberis ubique
sparsis seepe confertissimis disco nigro, margine inflexo seepe lacero subserrato folioloso.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, on wood, Sinclair, Lyall.

After a good deal of hesitation and consideration, I incline to Dr. Hooker’s view, that this Lichen must be
compared with S. erbacea, which it resembles on many accounts, but is at the same time most abundantly distinct.
The apothecia are those of a Sticta, bursting from under the gonimic stratum, and remarkable for their crown-bear-
ing leafy margin, which is singularly inflexed, so as often to conceal the disc in great measure. Sporidia minute,
contained in elongated asci, subfusiform, not very regular in form, brown, not containing septa, so far as I could
observe. The thallus also sometimes has manifest traces of cyphelle, but other specimens would lead any one to
consider them a Parmelia, as Dr. Montagne was disposed to do, to whom I dedicate the plant, which seems to be
undescribed.

27. Sticta glomulifera, Delise, Stict. p. 129. pl. 15. f. 54, 55. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 54. Scher!
Has. n. 559.
Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

The pulvinuli which are ordinarily found in the European form are wanting in Mr. Colenso's specimens.
Tuckermann observes that they are always absent from the North American form. This species again is found over
a very wide tract of country, not only extending over the great continents just mentioned, but also found in St.
Domingo, according to Delise. We do not, however, remember to have seen specimens from any other part of the
southern hemisphere, except New Zealand.

Gen. IX. PARMELIA, Ach.
$ 1. Impricarta, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 51.

1. Parmelia perlata, Ach., Sys. p. 197. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 59. P. perlata et P. reticulata, Tayl.!
in Mack. Fl. Hibern. pt. 2. p. 148. — Ejusd. Lich. Antarct. n. 61 et 65, u£ supra.
Has. Probably common everywhere. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Hooker, Lyall.

A variable species, of which the two following Lichens are perhaps but forms: they have, however, been mi-
nutely distinguished by Dr. Taylor in the Irish Flora. P. perlata and P. reticulata have the ** buds (soredia) in mar-
ginal powdery clusters.” P. proboscidea, Tayl., has the “ buds on thallodal solid podetia,” i.e. is isidiophorous ; and
P. perforata, Ach., has the thallus very thick and tough, reticulato-rugose, void of soredia and isidiophorous processes,

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 285

according to Taylor. Fries evidently includes P. proboscidea, Tayl., and P. perforata, Ach., under his P. per-
Joraía, as well as forms (marginibus elevato-pulverulentis) which Dr. Taylor would call P. perlata or P. reticulata ;
the two last-named plants differ very little. In P. reticulata “the surface is marked (towards the edges) with mi-
nute, whitish, elevated, reticulated lines,” which are absent in P. perlata; in P. reticulata the soredia are coarse-
grained, “and extend from the margin towards the axis of the lobes,” being in P. perlata “ greyish, elongate,
curved, marginal clusters.” Both forms are found fertile in New Zealand, and have been referred by Dr. Taylor to
his two species above named.

2. Parmelia proboscidea, Tayl.!; thallo orbiculari glauco-viridi, sicco albido griseo, subtus atro-fibril-
loso, lobis latis planiusculis rotundatis crenatis, sorediis corallineis apice fuscescentibus ciliis intermixtis,
apotheciis anguste stipitatis disco concavo (rarius perforato), margine et excipulo sorediis exasperato.—
Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. pt. 9. p. 148. Ejusd. Lich. Antarct. n. 64, ut supra.

Haz. Northern Island, J. D. H.

9. Parmelia perforata, Ach., Syn. p. 198. Tayl.! Fl. Hibern. pt. 9. p. 140-141.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso (very fine), Raoul.

Thallus very thick, tough, destitute of stipitate buds (coralline soredia), finely reticulato-rugose. Apothecia
very large, with tubular podetia, generally perforated by reason of the expansion of the disc and the inability of the
excipulum to keep pace with it. (See Eschweiler in Mart. El. Brasil. p. 207.) Cilia of the thallus longer and
stouter than in P. proboscidea, according to Dr. Taylor, from whom most of these remarks are derived. Fries
partly distinguishes P. perforata from P. perlata by the ciliated lobes of the former plant; but this character cannot
well be relied on. The distinctness or identity of these three Lichens depends very much upon the resolution of this
question: Can one and the same Parmelia produce sometimes pulverulent marginal soredia, sometimes scattered
coralline ones, and at other times show no tendency to produce either? Dr. Taylor, in his “Irish Flora,’ has all along
assumed the negative, and distinguished his species accordingly. Upon the whole, we are of the contrary opinion,
but have preferred to allow these plants to stand apart, as they are separated by his characters, in order to attract
attention to them. If his principle be admitted, and can be extended to other genera by analogy, other Lichens,
e.g. our Nephroma resupinatum, var. rufum, must be specifically distinguished. P. perforata seems to affect warmer
climates more exclusively than the two preceding (as the East Indies and tropical America), and none of them are
found in the extreme northern or extreme southern regions; “in Europa boreali P. perlata prorsus desideratur”
(Fries); it does not occur in his Summa Veg. Scandinavise.

4. Parmelia sawatilis, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 208.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (Fertile.)

A plant very generally diffused over the temperate and polar regions of both hemispheres, extending in each to
the utmost limit of vegetation. It is also found within the tropical zone, probably at a considerable elevation, as
in the Andes of Mexico, according to Dr. Hooker; also in South Brazil and the Mauritius (Eschweiler). The New
Zealand specimens perhaps belong to P. sulcata, Tayl.!, distinguished from P. sawatilis by not having isidiophorous
processes, but pulverulent soredia on the ridges, as well as by a somewhat different habit; but these have neither
soredia nor coralline processes.

5. Parmelia tiliacea, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 199. — Seher.! Hus. n. 358.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (Fertile.)

Specimens more rugose and more finely divided than usual, but evidently only a form of this species. Found
also in Tasmania; a very aged specimen from New Holland (Swan River) in Herb. Hook., appears to belong to
this Lichen (P. endoleuca, Tayl.! in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. vi. p. 167). Widely diffused over Europe, from
Spain to Lapland, but local (Fries) ; found also in the Canary Islands and the Indian peninsula (Montagne), and
lately collected in the Himalaya Mountains by Messrs. Strachey and Winterbottom. Common also in North
America (Tuckermann).

VOL. I. 4 D

286 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

6. Parmelia physodes, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 218.

Var. B. enteromorpha, Tuckerm., Syn. N. Amer. Lich. p. 88. P. enteromorpha, Ach. Syn. Lich. p.
219. Hook. fil.! Fl. Antaret. p. 582 cum syn.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (Barren.) Var. 8. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall.
Fertile, and apparently more common than the preceding.

Tn B the habit is different, the lacinize being lax and more elongated, but * evidently passing into a,” according
to Mr. Tuckermann. Its claims to be considered as a distinct species are considered doubtful by Dr. Hooker (/. c.).
This very polymorphous species occurs commonly in the Old and New World, from the Polar regions to the vicinity
of the tropics (e. y. California and the Canary Islands), and is even to be met with a little within them, as in the
Mauritius, according to Dr. Hooker. Whether it has been met with nearer to the equator we know not.

7. Parmelia diatrypa, Ach., Syn. Lich.p. 219. P. terebrata, “Mart. Fl. Crypt. Erlang.” Tuckerm.
Syn. N. Amer. Lich. p.28. P. pertusa, Scher.! Has. n. 365. Enum. Crit. Lich. Eur. p. 43. P. physodes
var. (“monstrositas tantum est”), Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 64. Eschweiler in Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 208.
Mont. Voy. au Póle Sud, p. 182.

Haz. Northern Island; apparently common, Colenso, ete. (Fertile.)

Many distinguished Lichenists unite this to the preceding, but it seems to be distinct; the terebrations are
exeeedingly constant, as I have repeatedly observed while botanizing in the Alps, and besides the habit is different,
the plant being more appressed. If it be a mere monstrosity, it is not easy to see why it should be so rare in Bri-
tain, while the former is so common. In New Zealand, if one may judge by the amount collected, the converse
appears to be the case, P. diatrypa being abundant and P. physodes rare.—Found over a great part of the cold and
temperate zones of both hemispheres ; also in the Sandwich Islands (Hook. fil.).

8. Parmelia olivacea, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 900. P. imitatrix, Zayl.! in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 6.

p. 161.

Has. Northern Island; on stone, fertile, Colenso.

This Lichen is perhaps as variable in our antipodes as with ourselves. All Mr. Colenso's specimens are on
stone, but some of them have long linear lobes, about 4 of an inch wide, while in others the thallus is diminished
into a rough stellated crust, with exceedingly narrow lobes; the colour is of all shades, between olive-green and
umber. None of them have soredia or coralline processes.—A very common plant in the temperate and cold re-
gions of the northern hemisphere, both in Europe and America. Dr. Hooker has collected it in Tasmania, and

Drummond on the Swan River, Australia.

9. Parmelia conspersa, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 209.
Haz. Northern and Middle Islands; on stone, probably common, Colenso, Lyall, etc. (Fertile.)

Variable as to the mode of division of the thallus; some specimens resemble our common form, others are
more like var. stenophylla, Ach., Moug.! Exs. n. 940, but are more handsome, the lobes being more free, and of a
more graceful, undulating form. Some specimens are-isidiophorous. P. Tasmanica, Tayl.! Lich. Ant. n. 70, is
merely a fine large state of the common P. conspersa, without a single character to distinguish it. Tam quite at a
loss to perceive on what principle Dr. Taylor has called some specimens by one name and some by another in the
Hookerian Herbarium ; this form has been collected by Hooker in New Zealand as well as in Tasmania.— Widely
spread over Europe and N orth America, and reaching to the Arctic Circle. Found also in the Canary Islands. In
the southern hemisphere it is perhaps less general; an Amazonian Lichen, however, mentioned by Eschweiler,
seems to be a form of it (Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 210). I have a specimen from (tropical or subtropical?) South
America, growing with Grammitis serrulata, Sw., and another from the Mauritius, but it is absent from the * Flora
Antarctica? P. mutabilis, Tayl.! (in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. vi. p. 171), collected in Uitenhage by Zeyher,

seems to me in no way different from P. conspersa.

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 287

10. Parmelia moniliformis, Bab.; thallo subcoriaceo suborbiculari ad centrum diviso angustifolio
multifido, laciniis decumbentibus subliberis linearibus repetitim furcatis subcanaliculatis levibus passim
subconstrictis, supra glaucescente-ochroleuco nigro-punctato in senectute verrucoso rugoso, subtus tomen-
toso villis crispatis brevibus umbrinis in pulvinulos subdiscretos moniliformes epidermide rupta seceden-
tibus, fibrillis rigidis paucis interjectis, apotheciis elevatis liberis subtus pubescentia umbrina crispata
villosis, disco castaneo margine juniore integro demum in senectute lobato erispato. (Tas. CXXVII. B.)

Has. Northern Island, on wood (of Conifere), Colenso.

A remarkable Lichen, and having its under surface very different from any other which I have seen. The brief
description of the barren P. relicina given by Fries (Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 283) agrees in some respects :—“ thallo an-
gustifolio stellatim appresso polito pallescente, subtus margineque e villo stipatissimo eleganter crispo! aterrimo”
(Ins. Rawak); but the thallus in our plant is scarcely polished, and is certainly not aterrimus below. The P. re-
licina, B, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 70, is referred by Montagne (Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1841. p. 115, ct 1842, p. 19) to P:
sinuosa, Ach., which is assuredly a different species from the New Zealand Lichen ; the appearance is not very
unlike that of the larger states of P. ambigua, Ach., or P. conspersa, stenophylla, Ach. (especially the free-growing
New Zealand forms) ; our species, however, has neither the pulverulent soredia of the one nor the coralline pro-
cesses of the other, but in old-age is full of very rugged nigro-punctate warts, through which the white medullary
stratum occasionally appears. P. leonora, Spr. (where described P), var. multifida, Flotow ! in Linnea, 1843, p. 28,
agrees very fairly in its upper surface (to judge from a small specimen and the description), but the under side is
altogether different, being simply furnished with long wiry fibrille. The extraordinary appearance of the under side
(which is most apparent in the younger specimens) seems partly due to a tendency in this Lichen to a kind of con-
stricted and soon ruptured inflation. We havea specimen of this plant from South Australia, collected by Lhotsky,
for which, as well as for numerous other rarities, we are indebted to Mr. Borrer.—PrATE CXXVII. B. Hig 1298;
plants, natural size ; 3, portion of ascus cut vertically; 4, asci and sporidia; 5, portion of gonimial stratum :—a//
highly magnified.

11. Parmelia parietina, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 200.

Has. Northern Island ; on rock, bones, etc., fertile, Colenso, J. D. H.

For the geographical distribution see Seemann’s ‘Botany of the Herald,’ p. 48, and add Cuba to the habitats,
on the authority of Montagne. The abnormal forms, as well as the type, occur in the southern hemisphere, and
much resemble those of our own, A state which differs little from var. concolor, Fries, has been gathered (sterile)
on bark by Mr, Colenso, as well as Lepraria flava, Ach., which is supposed to belong to the present Lichen.

12. Parmelia chrysophthalma, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 267. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 15. (var. b.) P. Sie-
beriana, Zaur.! in Linn. 1827. p. 88. t. 1.f.1. P. spinosa, Zayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 69.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Thallus ascending, apothecia ciliated, agreeing with the English form and Scherer’s specimens, n. 389. Found
(especially on Rosacee) in most countries of South Europe adjoining the Mediterranean, also at both extremities of
the South Coast of England, on the West Coast of France, the Channel Islands, and the Canary Islands (on Cactus) ;
more rarely inland, as in Switzerland and parts of the south of France ; also in several parts of North America, es-
pecially those which are washed by the Atlantic. In the South it adorns the horrid branches of the Cape Acacie
(Flotow), extends to New Holland, Tasmania, and Chili, but avoids the cold of the Antarctic regions. P. Siebe-
riana, Laur.! (P. spinosa, Tayl.! exactly) is certainly this species, with the thallus finely cut, and the apothecia not
ciliated.

$ 2. Puvscra, Fries.
13. Parmelia pulverulenta, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 214. Raoul, ut supra.
Has. Middle Island : Cook?s Straits, D’ Urville.

I have not seen specimens from New Zealand.

288 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

14. Parmelia speciosa, Ach., Syn. Inch. p. 211.

Has. Northern Island, barren, Colenso, etc.

A species widely dispersed ; among its habitats are Europe (middle and south principally, but also in Norway),
North America, Atlantic islands, Abyssinia, West Indies, Peru, Himalaya Mountains, East Indies, and New Holland.

15. Parmelia picta ? Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 211. Swartz, Lich. Amer. t. 9. f. 1. P.applanata, Fée, Essai,
f^ 126. t. 32. f.2. Mont.! Crypt. Cub. p. 223. t. 8. f.1 opt.! P. plumosa, Zayl.! in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. v. 0. p. 119.

Has. Northern Island, barren, Colenso.

Mr. Colenso’s specimens being barren, it is difficult to speak certainly respecting them ; they appear to belong
either to P. obsessa, Ach., or to this species, but are rather more foliaceous than common. Apparently distinet from
the preceding by its appressed and far less foliaceous thallus, which bears usually, in its centre, elevated globose
soredia; yet Mr. Colenso's specimen looks a little ambiguous, and Dr. Montagne remarks on a Tahiti specimen,
“in priorem (P. speciosam) abire videtur: an tantum confinis 9". Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. x. (ser. iii.) p. 195. His work
on Cuba should by all means be consulted for this and the allied species. He has lately pointed out, in his * Cryp-
togamia Guyanensis, the probable identity of PP. applanata, Fée, with P. picta, Sw. (not Montagne), in which T
entirely agree. Found likewise in the West Indies, South America (the warmer parts), New Holland, Islands of
the Pacific, and the Hast Indies.

16. Parmelia stellaris, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 216.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Universal throughout Europe and North America; found also in the Canary Islands, India, and the Antarctic
Regions.

17. Parmelia Zeueomela, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 256. Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 76. Tayl. Lich. Antarct.

n. 62.
Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H., fid. Taylor.

I have seen no specimens from New Zealand.

$ 3. Zxona, Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. pr. p.—Amphiloma et Psoroma, Fries, Lich. Europ.

[The Lichens comprehended under 4mphiloma and Psoroma seem too nearly allied to be divided into different
tribes; some very eminent lichenists consider the species which Fries places under the latter tribe as mere varieties
of some of his Amphilomata. As to the limitation of species, no tribe of Lichens is more perplexing; it should be
well studied by southern botanists, for the temperate parts of the southern hemisphere, and especially (according to
Fries) the Islands of the Pacific, are the native seat of most of its species. We have received some specimens from
Mr. Colenso which we cannot name with satisfaction, and have preferred omitting them rather than hazarding very
dubious conjectures. ]

18. Parmelia gossypina, Mont., Crypt. Cub. p. 217, 4.6.7. 3. Lecidea, Ach.

Var. filamentosa, Mont., Crypt. Guyan. n. 95, in Ann. Sc. Nat. t. 16. (ser. iii.) Byssocaulon niveum,
Mont. Fl. Juan Fern. p. 9. n. 52, in Ann. Se. Nat. t. 8. p. 355. (ser. n.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (On moss, barren.)

Tor this extraordinary form, see an admirable account by Dr. Montagne, in his * Cryptogamia Guyanensis.'—A
Lichen of the West Indies and South America. T have not seen the normal form from New Zealand.

19. Parmelia Gayana, Mont.; “thallo foliaceo membranaceo cinereo-plumbeo ambitu laciniato, la-
ciniis amplis rotundatis subintegris concentrice sulcatis, hypothallo [primitus albido, dein] ceerulescente
stupposo, apotheciis sparsis confertisque excipulo colorato proprio [et seepius altero thallino] marginatis,

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 289

disco rubricoso tandem fuscescente marginemque excludente.” —Mont. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. 11. p. 58.
(Ser. 111.)

Has. Northern Island, fertile, Colenso. (Very sparingly collected.)

A very handsome plant, which agrees in every respect with the excellent description of Dr. Montagne, recently
published. The ally of this Lichen is evidently P. plumbea, which, however, has a much thicker, radiately rugose
thallus : yet, in fact, Coccocarpia molybdea, Pers., as Dr. Montagne truly remarks, bears a greater general resem-
blance; and I have seen specimens of Parmelia tiliacea by no means unlike it at first sight. On Mr. Colenso’s
specimens some apothecia have a well-marked double border, one formed by the dise, another by the thallus. First
described from Chili specimens, collected by M. Cl. Gay, and found last year in the Venetian Alps by Professor
Massalongo.

20. Parmelia plumbea, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 202. Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 87. Tayi. Lich. Ántarct.
n. 55.
Has. Northern Island, J. D. H.

Whether this species has been found in New Zealand seems doubtful; two or three specimens so named by
Dr. Taylor appear to me to belong to other species; he indeed, as well as others, unites P. rubiginosa to P. plumbea,
and Z. microphylla also, contrary to the views of Fries, whose arrangement falls in with such comparatively few
observations as I have been able to make on the living and dried plants. P. plumbea occurs in the west of Europe,
from Spain up to Nordland, also in the Canary Islands and Madeira, but is not included in Tuckermann’s Lichens

of North America, and we have not seen a specimen from the southern hemisphere.

21. Parmelia rudiginosa ? Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 202. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 88.

Var. B. sphinetrina, Hook. fil.! FL. Antarct. p. 583; “thallo stellato lurido-cervino subtus badio
fibrillis brevissimis matrici toti adglutinato, laciniato, laciniis centro concretis ambitu sublinearibus inciso-
multifidis subapplanatis margine squamuloso granulatis crenulatisque, apotheciis confertissimis margine
thallode striato."— Mont. P. sphinctrina, Mont.! Fl. Fernand. n. 84 ; ejusd. Voy. au Pöle Sud, p. 180. pl.
15. f. 3 opt. P. rubiginosa, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 56. pr. p.

Var. y. araneosa, Bab.; thallo coriaceo amplo foliaceo lobato appresso ambitu libero sinuato subcris-
pato, supra insequabili squamulis graniformibus obsesso viridi-rufescente madore paullum mutato, versus
margines araneoso-tomentoso, subtus subsericeo striato pallido nudo, apotheciorum disco castaneo-fusco
margine subfoliaceo crenato lobato subtus corrugato granuloso.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Var. 8. Northern and Middle Islands, abundant, Colenso, Lyall,
ete. Var. y. Northern Island, creeping over Mosses and Jungermannia, on wood ; also apparently on the
ground or rock, Colenso, J. D. H.

A few specimens approach the European type in having the thallus unequable, the lobes shorter, and the blue
hypothallus distinct, but not exactly coinciding with it; the greater part belong to a plant which may probably be
only another form of the same species, viz. to P. sphinctrina. This Lichen is closely allied, at all events, to P. rubi-
ginosa, Ach., but is very coriaceous, having the colour of Biatora lurida, as Dr. Montagne well remarks. It also
grows in patches close to the bark, so that the hypothallus is commonly almost obliterated, but an inspection of
numerous specimens has clearly shown me that it is really blue and spongy when perfect; it must consequently be
regarded as an Amphiloma, The apothecia are remarkable, “ margine incurvo «etate sinuoso crenulato-striato ;” but
P. rubiginosa sometimes produces fruit not dissimilar. P. sphinctrina is found in Juan Fernandez, Chili, the Ant-
arctic regions, and Tasmania. An imperfect specimen or two of this Lichen (or perhaps of P. rubiginosa) is pul-
verulent on the margins with a dirty white meal, looking very different from P. conoplea. An analysis of the Euro-
pean P. rubiginosa presented a very similar appearance to that of P. sphinctrina, as figured by Montagne, as respects
the form of the asci and sporidia.—In var. y. araneosa the thallus is several inches broad, stiff and hard, very

VOL. II. 4 E

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290 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

unequable, wholly appressed to the matrix, except towards the margins, which are free; in the form of the lobes
it is not unlike Biatora placophylla, Fries. The aged thallus is smooth, but towards the edges is speckled with a
cobweb-like down ; under side yellowish-white, silky, with ridges here and there, but without fibres; these, how-
ever, would probably occur if the plant were to grow in a situation more favourable to their development. Apo-
thecia not altogether dissimilar to those of P. crenulata, Hook. This Lichen, which I had once supposed a very
distinct species, should probably be referred to P. rubiginosa. Dr. Montagne also had remarked to me, in a letter,
its affinity with his P. sphinctrina.

22. Parmelia conoplea, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 218. Moug. et Nestt.! Exs. n. 347. P. rubiginose var.,
Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 38. Scher. Enum. Crit. p. 36.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso. (Barren.)

Easily distinguished from P. rubiginosa by its masses of blue gonidia scattered over the thallus, which has
usually a yellower tint and thinner consistence; but in the opinion of most lichenologists it is not an autonomous
species. It seems, however, to be as distinct as most Lichens of this section, and also to have a somewhat diffe-
rent geographical range. P. conoplea, according to Scheerer, alone is found in Switzerland, and is certainly not rare
in the Austrian Alps, where I have never seen P. rubiginosa. Rabenhorst says that P. conoplea is not rare in Ger-
many, while P. rubiginosa very seldom occurs. Conversely, P. rubiginosa occurs in four out of the six districts into
which Fries divides the Scandinavian Flora, and P. conoplea only in one. In Britain P. rubiginosa is not uncommon,
while P. conoplea is rare, though found in Sussex by Mr. Borrer, who pointed it out to me in St. Leonard’s Forest ;
and also in Wales, where Mr. Hort has lately gathered it.

23. Parmelia Zanuginosa, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 201. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 88.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (Barren.)

Apothecia like P. plumbea, according to Fries. Possibly more than one species has been comprehended by
authors under this name; but, as Mr. Colenso’s plant is barren, little more can be said of it.

24. Parmelia Zriptophylla, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 91. cum syn.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, etc. (On bark: several forms.)

Apothecia having a strong proper margin ; disc ferruginous, becoming darker; scales much dissected, expanded
on the inky hypothallus, which sometimes so predominates (in specimens collected by Dr. Sinclair) that the appear-
ance is smoky all over. Referred by Fries to Biatora, in his Summ. Veg. Scand. Probably a cosmopolite.

25. Parmelia pholidota, Mont.! Fl. Fernand. n. 85. (Tas. CXXVIIL A.)

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Mr. Colenso's plant is named by Dr. Montagne, but is so very like an authentic specimen of his P. Saubineti?,
from France, with which he has favoured me, that I am almost unwilling to separate it. In that specimen there is
no regular hypothallus, and I almost suspect that the white colour of the matrix must be accidental, or that the plant
is parasitical on the hypothallus of another; the other characters are not very important. (See Fries’s remarks on
P. triptophylla, Lich. Europ. p. 91.)—A very pretty form, conspicuous for its pale bluish scales and flesh-coloured
apothecia; and yet I much doubt if it be really distinct from the preceding very polymorphous plant.—PrATE
CXXVIIL A. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, portion, magnified ; 3, vertical section of apothecium ; 4, asci; 5, spo-

ridia :—all highly magnified.

26. Parmelia nigrocincta, Mont.!; “ thalli squamulis membranaceis contiguis e centro radiantibus
rotundato incisis explanatis rufis, hypothallo ceerulescenti nigro effuso late marginante, apotheciorum disco
plano rufo-fusco margine pallidiori integerrimo, thecs ovate ascis cylindricis serie simplici incluse.”
Mont. Fl. Fernand. n. 88 (Annal. des Sc. Nat. Juin, 1835).

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. (One specimen.)

This aerees exactly with a specimen from Juan Fernandez, kindly given me by Dr. Montagne. It does not
3 y Į 5

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 291

appear to be at all foliaceous, but the minute scales grow close to the black hypothallus ; apothecia red, not unlike
P. erythrocarpia, Fries ; but the thallus is more like the young scales of P. rubiginosa. “ Parmelie muscorum ut et
P. amniocole proxima. Species omnino distincta.” Montagne, l. c.

27. Parmelia muscorum, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 95. Lecanora muscorum, Ach. Syn. Lich. 2. 195. D.
carnosa, Scher.! Hus. n. 482 (sterilis).

Has. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, fertile, J. D. H.

A little-known species, confined principally to the north of Europe, but found also in the Falkland Islands.

28. Parmelia Femsjonensis ?, Fries, Lich. Europ. Jub Dee

Has. Northern Island, on Moss, spreading over bark, Colenso.

Very like P. hypnorum, Fries, but the crust is differently coloured, and the much cut margin of the apothecia
is smooth. I have no authentic specimen of this Scandinavian Lichen, but imagine from the description that Mr.
Colenso’s plant is the same as that of Fries.—Found also in Tasmania.

$ 4. PLACODIUM, Fries.

29. Parmelia gelida, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 188. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 104. Urceolaria macroph-
thalma, Tay!.! Lich. Ant. n. 36. Lecidea marmorea ejusd. n. 9 (non Ach.).

Haz. Northern Island, fine and fertile, Colenso.

An alpine species, inhabiting Northern Europe and Iceland. Found also abundantly in Kerguelen’s Land by
Dr. Hooker.

30. Parmelia coarctata, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 158. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 104,

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Crust granulated (var. 8, Fries), better developed than is usual in British specimens, —General throughout
Europe, and we have received a specimen from Chili from Dr. Montagne.

31, Parmelia fulgens, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 199. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 119.

Has. Northern Island, fine and fertile, Colenso.

Found in Europe generally, but local, reaching from the South to the Arctic Ocean ; collected in the Canaries
(Montagne), and in Malta by myself; occurring also in the alps of the Caucasus (Belanger).—Referred to Biatora
by Fries in Summ. Veg. Scand. Lich.

32. Parmelia elegans, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 193. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 114.

Has. Northern Island, on pebbles, etc., very fine, Colenso.

^

Thallus in aged specimens becoming white, in blotches, by discoloration. Segments sometimes constricted, and
seeming as though inflated.—P. elegans penetrates as near perhaps to the North and South Poles as any vegetation
extends. Mr. Sutherland has recently brought specimens from Prince Alfred’s Bay, latitude 76° 25' N., and Captain
Parry found it in Melville Island ; while Dr. Hooker observed a small form of it staining the face of the rocks “on
the extreme limit of southern vegetation,” in Cockburn Island, latitude 64° 18'S. This pretty Lichen evidently
agrees with the poet, “ Fortibus omne solum patria est,” for, to say nothing of other intermediate stations, it takes
up an equidistant position on the globe in the Abyssinian Alps; sometimes it occurs at the sea-level, sometimes,
as in the Himalaya mountains, it rises to 18,000 feet.

33. Parmelia aurea, A. Rich.; “ thallo crustaceo suborbiculari albido maculis luteis latis irregulari-
bus sparsis subelevatis notato glabro irregulariter inciso, lobis bullatis divisis superpositis obtusis subtus
concolori glabro, apotheciis subsessilibus centro affixis luteis planis margine integro vix prominulo."— 4.
Rich. Fl. N. Zel. p. 28. Voy. de V Astrol. t. Be cla

Has. Middle Island: Astrolabe Harbour, on trees and rocks, D Urville.

292 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

A handsome species, to judge by the figure, and allied (as it seems) to P. elegans. A. Richard compares it
with P. rutilans, Ach. I have not seen it.

$ 5. PATELLARIA, Fries.

34. Parmelia pallescens, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 182, cum syn. Moug. et Nesti. Eus. n. 1146.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, on wood and rock, Colenso, Raoul.

Mr. Colenso's specimens on wood have a membranaceous shining crust, on which the apothecia repose freely,
like a Peziza, being fixed by little more than the centre; the pale, delicately coloured dise is surrounded by a very
elevated thallodal border, snow-white and slightly wrinkled. An analysis shows the structure to be exactly the
same as in the published specimens of Mougeot ; the asci are obovate clongated, enclosing about six sporidia, which
are oblong, not having a septum.

35. Parmelia punicea, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 167. Mont. Crypt. Cub. p. 208 (cum syn.). Lecanora
punicea, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 174. Fée, Essai, p. 119. t. 29. f. T.

Haz. Northern Island, on wood, Colenso.

See Montagne's excellent description and remarks in the work above cited.—Found in the West Indies and
Tropical America; also in the African Islands, at the Cape (fide Taylor), and Java.

36. Parmelia subfusca, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 167. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 186.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Some specimens belong to the normal form, others to var. albella, Fries. The species is perfectly cosmopolitan,
and is sometimes epiphyllous within the tropics.

37. Parmelia atra, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 154. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 141. Mont. Crypt. Cub. p. 207.

Haz. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

Probably as widely diffused as the preceding species.

38. Parmelia sophodes, var. exigua, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 149 (cum syn.) Lecanora exigua, Hook. Br.
Fi. v. 5. pt. 1. p. 187. Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 38.

Has. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, J. P. H.

I have not seen a New Zealand specimen which I can safely refer to this species. The Lichen so named by
Dr. Taylor is in a very bad state, but more resembles P. subfusca.

89. Parmelia ‚frustulosa, var. thiodes, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 141. Lec. thiodes, Sprengel, ex Priesio.
Has. Northern Island, on stones, Colenso.

The description of Fries seems well to agree. The present plant much resembles P. subfusca, but is distinctly
granular, and of a yellowish colour.

40. Parmelia varia, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 118. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 156.
Haz. Northern Island, on stones, Colenso.

Extremely variable as this plant is, we suspect that Fries has combined too many species under the same
name. It is probably very widely dispersed, and perhaps most of the European forms or nearly allied species will
be found to occur in New Zealand.

41. Parmelia aurantiaca, var. erythrella, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 166. Schar.! Has. n. 223. P. ery-
thrella, Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 174.

Has. Northern Island, on stones, Colenso.

42. Parmelia pyrophthalma, Mont.! Cent. 4. n. 15. in Ann. des Se. Nat. Dec. 1843 (sub Biatora)
(Tas. OXXIX. A.)

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 293

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

Very nearly allied to P. aurantiaca. Our specimen is named by Dr. Montagne, who has given an ample de-
scription, and we have added a figure. —PLarn CXXIX. A. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, portion of thallus and
apothecium ; 3, vertical section of apothecium ; 4, portion of ditto; 5 and 6, sporidia :—all highly magnified.

43. Parmelia rupestris, DC., FI. Franc. v. 2. p. 360 (sub Patell.). P. aurantiaca, var. y, calva, Fries,
Lich. Eur. p. 167. Lecidea rupestris, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 39. Tayl. Lich. Antaret. n. 19.

Has. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, J. D. H. (fid. Taylor).

I have not seen a New Zealand specimen.

44. Parmelia gyrosa ? Mont., Crypt. Cub. p. 212 (cum syn.). Lecanora Domingensis, Ach. Syn. p.
396. P. ventosa, Domingensis, Zschw. in Mart. Fl. Bras. p. 189.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, overrunning Hepatice, Colenso.

Some incomplete specimens collected by Mr. Colenso appear to belong to this polymorphous West Indian and
South American species. In addition to the synonyms given by Dr. Montagne, we should be inclined to add, with
Eschweiler, Lecanora versicolor, Fée, Essai, t. 28. f. 4, and P. chrysocarpa, Meyer, in Spreng. Syst. Veg. p. 329. cur.
post., judging from the description.

45. Parmelia chrysosticta, Tayl.! (sub Lecan.) ; “ crusta tenui albida nigrolimitata (?), gemmis granu-
latis confertis, apotheciis confertis concaviusculis disco flavo-lutescenti pruinoso margine gemmis crenulato."
—Tayl. Lich. Antarct. n. 50. Biatora Berteroana, Mont.! Fl. Chil. ined. c. ie. et ejusd. Diagn. Phye. n.
13. in Ann. Sc. Nat. t. 18. (ser. ii). P. cerina, Mont. Fl. Fernand. n. 86. ex ipso.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

* Crust several inches wide ; the investing crust is studded with large granular buds, which sometimes bear on
their tops minute orange spots, the rudiments of apothecia. The disc consists of a coarse yellow pruina, covering
a deep tawny lamina. The shields are much larger than those of L. ferruginea, Hook., and have a conspicuous
thallodal border.” Tayt. l.c. Sir W. J. Hooker has written against a specimen “allied to P. tartarea ;" and cer-
tainly this pretty plant appears far more near to that species than to P. ferruginea, and it seems to differ in nothing
but in its smaller and much brighter apothecia: the hypothallus is not clearly visible, but it rather appears to be
pale, as in that species. I endeavoured, to no purpose, to discover asci and sporidia ; a section of the disc showed
numerous elongated paler bodies imbedded in it, but these seemed to contain no vestige of sporidia; under the
microscope the surface of the disc appears broken up into scales not unlike the thallus of P. hypnorum, Fries. Mon-
tagne describes the asci as very large, enclosing a single multicellulose sporidium. Some of the smaller specimens
much resemble P. cerina, but they show the same (morbosely ?) pruinose disc as the larger specimens.

Oss. Mr. Colenso has collected two or three specimens of a Patellaria unknown to me, which may possibly
be P. atrocinerea, Fries. His description and the figure in E. Bot. (t. 2096) agree pretty well; but in the absence
of an authentic specimen I am compelled to pass his plant over without further notice.

$ 6. URCEOLARIA, Fries.

46. Parmelia seruposa, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 190. Urceolaria scruposa, Ach. e£ Auctt.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

A very widely dispersed species, occurring over Europe and North America, from the Arctic Circle southward,
and I have it from Malta and Madeira. It is found likewise in the Canary Islands and at the Cape of Good
Hope.

4T. Parmelia verrucosa, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 186 (cum syn.). Seher.! Exs. n. 120.

Haz. Northern Island, accompanying P. rubiginosa, var. araneosa, Bab., Colenso.

Mere fragments occur in the collection, but they manifestly belong to this species. It is widely diffused over

VOL. II. 4 F

294 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

the alpine continent of Europe, from the Pyrenees to Lapland; it occurs also in Britain, being, as Mr. Leighton in-
forms me, the Pertusaria figured at pl. xi. fig. 2 of his valuable work on the British Angiocarpous Lichens. Imuch
doubt if Thelotrema Hutchinsie, Borr., be anything different. This speeies passes into the genus Thelotrema, as
Fries observes in his Summ. Veg. Scand.

Gen. X. THELOTREMA, Ach.

1. Thelotrema Zepadinum, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 115. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 428.

Has. Northern Island, common, Colenso, ete.

In some of Mr. Colenso's specimens the crust is very thin. Occurs in Europe universally, the extreme north
excepted; likewise in Arctic, North Temperate, and South Tropical America; found also in Lord Auckland's Group
abundantly, and at Cape Horn.

Gen. XI. GYALECTA, Ach.

1. Gyalecta cupularis, Scheer., Spicil. p. 79. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 195. Lecidea marmorea, Ach. Syn.
Lich. p. 46. Tayl. Inch. Antarct. n. 9.
. Has. Northern Island; Bay of Islands, J. D. H., fid. Taylor.

I have not seen a New Zealand specimen ; and a Lichen collected there by Dr. Hooker, and so named in Herb.
Hook. by Dr. Taylor, evidently belongs to P. gelida.

Tribe Il. LECIDIN JE.
Gen. XII. STEREOCAULON, Ach.

1. Stereocaulon ramulosum, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 284. Swartz, Lich. Amer. p. 90. t. 14 (bon.). Hook.
fil! Fl. Antarct. pp. 196. 529. t. 80. f. 1 (bon.).

Var. B. macrocarpum, Bab.; podetiis erectis elongatis subramosis granulatis, apotheciis majoribus
globoso-depressis lobulatis.—S. macrocarpum, 4. Rich., Fl. N. Zel. p. 34. Voy. de P Astrolabe, t. 9. f. 4 (bon.).

Var. yy. compressum, Bab.; podetiis pumilis, fibrillis subfoliaceis plano-compressis densissime stipatis
ramosis subtus pallidis, apotheciis convexis subimmarginatis.

Has. Apparently very common everywhere, on stones and earth, also on trees, Menzies and all travel-
lers. Var. 8. Middle Island: Havre de l'Astrolabe, 4. Richard. Port Nicholson, Lyall. Var. y. Nor-
thern Island, Colenso.

Occurring in America from Mexico (Galeotti!) to the Straits of Magellan, and, as it seems, running through
every parallel of latitude between them, but not found further south, according to Dr. Hooker. “ In the Old World,”
he adds, “it first appears in Bourbon, thence ranging from the Philippines through Java, Australia, the South Sea
Islands, Tasmania, and New Zealand, to Lord Auckland’s Group and Campbell’s Island ; abounding in rocky and
damp places, also on the trunks of large trees." Collected also at the Cape by Fraser, in the West Indies by Swartz,
and in the Himalaya Mountains by Winterbottom, growing at altitudes of 8,700 to 11,500 feet above the sea. A
variable plant it is, as may easily be supposed from its general occurrence; and that, both as to the thickness of
its stems, the length of its fibres, its ramification, the size, shape, and position of its apothecia; but I am not able
to agree with Dr. Hooker in thinking that 8. corallinum may be one of its forms. The foveolated pale appendages
(cephalodia) almost always reveal the present species, and I fear that S. Argus, Hook. fil. et Tayl.!, is only a magni-
ficent form of it. Being unwilling to encumber these pages with a list of forms which are best learned by an inspec-
tion of numerous specimens, I have thought it necessary to mention only the chief varieties.— The best marked spe-
cimens of yar. 8, from Dr. Lyall, are barren, but there is no sensible difference between the fruit of the type and

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 295

this form; their size is variable. Among the granulations the fibres are not uncommonly scattered. Dr. Montagne
has rightly reduced this form to S. ramulosum (Voy. Póle Sud, p. 178).—Var. y is from one to two inches high; it
is a different-looking plant from the type, but has the cephalodia proper to the species.

2. Stereocaulon Colensoi, Bab. ; thallo horizontali gramuloso disperso (evanescente ?), podetiis stipa-
tissimis rigidis validis basi coalitis superne albidis corrugatis inferne fulvescentibus, fertilibus fibrillis rigidis
verrucisque usque ad medium vestitis, superne nudis bi-trifurcatis, apotheciis in racemos laterales et termi-
nales congestis junioribus clausis purpureis disco demum explanato amplo plano atropurpureo, excipulo
tenui flexuoso subtus corrugato, cephalodiis subceruleis irregularibus subpyriformibus congestis coalitis
corrugatis rugis anastomosantibus. (Tas. CXXX. A)

Has. Northern Island, on rock, Colenso.

An extremely handsome Lichen, and, so far as I can judge from somewhat scanty materials, a distinct species.
It is allied to the preceding, but a much stiffer and stronger plant (more so than even S. Argus, Hook. fil. et Tayl. !)
and bearing very different cephalodia. The fertile podetia, even when young, are almost entirely void of fibres on
their upper half, but a barren specimen is clothed with thick rigid fibres and warts up to the summit. The young
densely-clustered apothecia are very like a miniature bunch of purple grapes, whence Mr. Colenso suggested the
name of 5. botrys, which, however, cannot well be retained, as there is already a S. botryosum, Ach. The adult apo-
thecia resemble S. 4rgus.—Prare CXXX. A. Figs. 1, 2, and 3, different forms of $. Colensoi, natural size; 4,
branch of thallus, with cephalodia; 5, vertical section of cephalodium ; 6 and 7, ditto of apothecium :— all highly
magnified.

3. Stereocaulon denudatum, Flörke, Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 204.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Specimens barren, but safely referable to this species. A common plant in the northern hemisphere, ranging

from the Canary Islands and the Pyrenees to Lapland in the Old World, and from Mexico to Greenland in the
New; it occurs also at Cape Horn, in the southern hemisphere. 3

Gen. XIII. CLADONIA, Hoffm.
An extensive genus, found all over the world, whose species are not easily limited.

$ 1. GRANULOSAZ, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 111. Cladonia, Sect. IL, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 242.—Horizontal
thallus often evanescent (or altogether wanting ?). Podetia branched, naked, not cup-bearing, neither gra-
nular nor squamulose nor pulverulent.

1. Cladonia retipora, Flórke, Comment. de Cladon. p. 181. Mont. Vi oy. au Pöle Sud, p. 177. Ceno-
myce retipora, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 248. Bæomyces retiporus, Labill. Pl. N. Holl. v. 9. p. 110. €. 254.

Haz. Northern and Middle Islands, common, generally on the ground in large patches, more rarely
on rocks and trees, Cunningham, Raoul, Lyall, ete. :

This noble species is also found in Tasmania and Australia.

2. Cladonia aggregata, Eschw., in Mart. Fl. Brasil. v. 1. p. 278 (non Florke). Mont. Vi oy. au Póle
Sud, p.176 (cum syn.). Hook. Fl. Antarct. pp. 197 et 532. 1. 80. f. 2. Cenomyce aggregata, Swartz, Lich.
Amer. p.17.t.12. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 275. Dufourea collodes, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 102.

Has. Abundant in the Northern and Middle Islands, Cunningham, Raoul, ete.

See Eschweiler (as above) for an excellent description, Montagne for other synonyms, and Hooker for the geo-
graphical distribution (adding the West Indies to the habitats) and good figures,

296 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

3. Cladonia rangiferina, Hoffm. Flörke ut supra, pp. 160-170. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 243.

Var. alpestris, Ach. Eschweiler (ut supra), p. 273.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, fertile, 4. Richard, Colenso, etc. Var. alpestris. Northern Island,
Sinclair.

This Lichen ranges from Spitzbergen to Cape Horn, occupying almost all altitudes and all latitudes between
them.

Oss. C. uncialis can hardly fail to be found in New Zealand, being very widely diffused, and occurring in the
Antarctic regions.

$ 2. SquamuLosa, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 110.—Podetia rising from scales, and generally covered with
them or with granules, or else pulverulent. Horizontal thallus scaly or foliaceous, generally present, some-
times evanescent.—Cladonia, Sect. 1., Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 208.

A. Purvis, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 227.—4uils perforate, cups indistinct. [A natural section, intermediate be-
tween the preceding and following; the thallus is usually less conspicuous than in the following group.]

4. Cladonia furcata, Hoffm. Flörke, ut supra, pp. 141-156. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 229.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, 4. Richard, Colenso.

Podetia, in Mr. Colenso’s specimen, of a stiff, strong growth, swelling ; axils widely gaping, the fissures some-
times extending along the podetia for some distance. Occurs in Tasmania and the South Polar regions, as well as
over the northern hemisphere generally.

5. Cladonia squamosa, Hoffm. Plörke, ut supra, pp. 129-138. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 231.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

The specimen is barren, and shows no trace of perforation at the axils ; but the habit so completely accords with
the common European species, that there can be little doubt that it belongs to it. Mr. Colenso has found a plant
which may probably be a state of this Lichen, or of the foregoing, but, being barren, this point can hardly be satis-
factorily ascertained in so difficult a genus. The podetia are buried two inches deep or more among Dicranum sco-
parium? etc., and rise as much above it; they are twice or thrice forked, having the apices decurved and clothed
with scales tolerably densely from the base to the summit; the bark becomes partly naked through the desqua-
mescence of the epidermis, and is rather cartilaginous than membranaceous, though very flexible when moist ; axils
imperforate ; colour glaucous green ; scales pure white below. C. squamosa occurs in Tasmania and the Antarctic
regions, as well as in all Europe and North America.

6. Cladonia capitellata, Bab. ; thallo horizontali squamuloso viridi demum evanescente squamis sub-
dissectis subtus albis nudis, podetiis nudis aut parcissime squamulosis erectis rigidis subramosis virescente-
stramineis, ramis strictis erectis, apice fastigiato-ramosis pungentibus fuscis, axillis perforatis aut hiantibus,
apotheciis breviter pedicellatis, disco fusco reflexo haud raro in senectute pertuso.—Cenomyce capillata
(lege capitellata), Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 122. (Tas. CXXX. B.)

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, J. D. H., Lyall.

This plant bears a considerable resemblance to C. amaurocrea, Schær.! Exs. n. 70, but is manifestly different,
because it does not bear closed cups, but has only perforated axils. Neither can it be a form of C. uncialis, because
that species has not a squamulose thallus. In fact, its real ally is C. furcata, from which it is readily, but perhaps
not specifically, distinguished by a very different habit and colour. The podetia are from l-3 inches high, very
crowded, straight, or nearly so, the occasional main branches being also straight ; the lips are brown and stellated.
True cups none, but the perforated axils (especially in the younger plant) form spurious cups, being fringed with

hort brown-tipped branches. The base of the old podetia becomes blackish in decay, and is tuberculated with
whitish spots, which are portions of the ruptured epidermis. (Cf. C. rangiferina.) Whether this plant may pos-

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 297

sibly have been included by authors under C. pungens 1 know not; the Engl. Bot. figure (t, 2444) is not altogether
unlike it, but Mougeot's specimens (n. 754) and Schaerer’s (n. 459) seem different, the latter (if not both) belonging
to C. furcata. Bohler’s specimen (n. 31) seems to be a state of O. uncialis, although Scheerer (Spicil. pp. 311 and
562) refers it to his Exs. n. 81, which is manifestly a form of O. furcata. Fries speaks of the southern state of C.
pungens as more remarkable than the northern : with this I am not acquainted. Dr. Taylor calls this Cenomyce ca-
pitellata in Herb. Hook., though it appears as C. capillata in the enumeration of Antarctic Lichens contained in the
Lond. Journ. of Bot., by a misprint, as it seems; I have accordingly altered the name to Cladonia capitellata.—
PnATE CXXX. B. Figs. 1 and 2, plants, natural size; 3 and 4, magnified podetia; 5, vertical section of apothe-
cium; 6, portion of the same, with asci; 7, sporidia :—ali highly magnified.

B. ScyrHorHorz, Ach.—Axils imperforate. Cups usually distinct.
* Anothecia brown.

7. Cladonia pyzidata, Hoffm. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 216.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall.

Bad specimens, but probably belonging to this cosmopolitan species, which can hardly be absent from New
Zealand. Mr. Colenso has also collected a form with epiphyllous apothecia (C. cespititia, Auctt. pr. p-), which may
probably belong to C. pywidata. These abnormal developments are best traced to their origin in their native stations.
The same gentleman has collected a curious plant, which I cannot safely refer to anything, though it is manifestly
abnormal, named by him Cenomyce viridis ; it grows on the trunks of some tree-fern (Dicksonia squarrosa, pro-
bably), and its thallus consists of green scaly powder (see Fries, p. 209), the apothecia being shortly pedicellate, with
a fleshy stem (Helopodium, Auctt.), and symphycarpous. The crust is almost like Lepraria viridis, and even invests
the fronds of Grammitis australis, which is epiphytical on the tree-fern.

8. Cladonia verticillata, Flörke, ut supra, p. 26. C. gracilis, a, verticillata, Fries, Lich. Europ. pp.
218.219.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H.

Dr. Hooker’s specimens are fine, quite agreeing with our British C. cervicornis. Mr. Colenso's are very small,
but appear to belong to this species.—General in the northern hemisphere ; found also in Bourbon, Tasmania, New
Holland, and the Antarctic regions.

9. Cladonia gracilis, Spreng. Flórke, ut supra, p. 30. Fries, Lich. Europ. 6 et e, p. 219.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, D’ Urville, Colenso.

United by Fries to the preceding, but Flórke questions the propriety of the conjunction (p. 32). In the
middle of England, in districts where C. gracilis abounds, I have never seen a specimen of C. verticillata, or of any
form which approaches it. In Scotland, where both are common in the same localities, they appear to be always
distinct.—Perhaps as generally diffused as the preceding.

10. Cladonia degenerans, Flórke, ut supra, p. 41. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 221.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. :

Mr. Colenso's plant agrees with Mougeot’s specimens of C. cariosa, Ach. (n. 850), referred by Fries to C. de-
generans. — n ambiguous species, more easily recognized than described, and very probably universally distributed,
being found over a great part of Europe and North America.

11. Cladonia fimbriata, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 222 (cum syn.).

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Co/enso, Raoul, ete.

Mr. Colenso has gathered both the normal form and the var. radiata, Fries (Z. radiatus, Auctt.).—A cosmo-
polite, as it seems.

VOL. IL 46

298 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

12. Cladonia decorticata, Flórke, ut supra, p. 10. Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 226.

Haz. Northern Island, on wood, Colenso.

The description of Fries leaves no doubt on our mind that his plant is the same as ours.—A. little-known
species.

** Apothecia scarlet.

13. Cladonia cornucopioides, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 286. C. coccifera, Auctt.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

The only specimen gathered by Mr. Colenso is a well marked fertile example, having the lower part of the
podetia granular, and the upper portion furfuraceo-pulverulent.— Universal throughout Europe and North America ;
also in tropical America, Tasmania, and the Antarctic regions.

14. Cladonia Flörkeana, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 238. Flörke, ut supra, p. 99. Scher.! Kas. n. 36. pr.
parte (sub C. filiformi). L. digitatus, Engl. Bot. t. 2439.

Has. Middle Island, £yal?.

Specimens well-marked, fertile.—Found over a great part of Europe and in North America, and probably in
many other parts of the world.

“15. Cladonia digitata, Hoffm. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 940.

Haz. Northern Island, 4. Cunningham, Colenso.

Found in Europe, North America, and the West Indies. See below.

16. Cladonia macilenta, Hoffm. Fries, Lich. Europ. pp. 240, 241. C. filiformis, Auett. ex max. parte.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H., Sinclair.

'This and the preceding are widely spread over the northern hemisphere, and itis to be suspected that they
may be almost as general in the southern; the present Lichen has been found in Columbia, Chili, and the Falk-
lands abundantly. Upon the whole, the species of this genus seem chiefly to affect the temperate and frigid regions,
but several of them have been also found within the tropics. :

The present enumeration of the New Zealand Cladonig is no doubt incomplete ; C. deformis and C. cornuta occur
in Europe, North America, and the Antarctic regions, and probably will be found in New Zealand.

Gen. XIV. BAOMYCES, Pers.

1. Beomyces roseus, Pers. e£ Auctt. B. fungoides, Swartz! Lich. Americ. p. 18. t. 13.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H.

Swartz’s Lichen from Jamaica does not seem to be more than a variety of the European ; an authentic specimen
is to be seen in the British Museum.—Found also in North America. Mr. Colenso's plant has much longer po-
detia than the European form, and would probably be called B. fungoides by those who distinguish two species.

Gen. XV. BIATORA, Fries.

a. Thallo effigurato ; aut squamuloso.

1. Biatora Colensos, Bab.; thallo effigurato subimbricato squamuloso, squamulis ascendentibus lobatis
erosis glaucis (humore non mutatis), subtus nitide ferrugineis, strato medullari subferrugineo, apotheciis
primitus concaviusculis nigrescentibus margine pallidiore, demum confluentibus difformibus immarginatis
ferrugineo-nigris glaucescentibus intus ferrugineis.

Has. Northern Island, on earth, Colenso.

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 299

A very remarkable species, and I believe undescribed ; but allied to B. testacea, Fries, and apparently also to B.
icterica, Mont. (Crypt. Gaud.). The thallus a good deal resembles that of a Cladonia ; the scales are not so closely
packed as in many species of this genus (e.g. B. lurida), but show at intervals the earth on which they are growing ;
they are also more finely divided than is usual for Biatore, though not so much dissected as B. prolifera, Mont. !
Apothecia variable in size and shape, of a singular hue, owing to the coloured medullary stratum shining through ;
they are covered with a glaucous farina, which is but partially persistent, and somewhat resemble in general appear-
ance those of Biatora aurantiaca, when they become confluent. The glaucous colour of the scales, taken in conjune-
tion with the ferruginous inner stratum and under side, distinguish this Lichen at once.

2. Biatora parvifolia, Mont.! Fl. Fernand. n. 97. Lecidea parvifolia, Pers.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Found also in Brazil and Juan Fernandez. Allied to B. vernalis.

9. Biatora byssoides, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 257. Beeomyces rupestris, Auct.

Has. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, on hill-sides, J. D. H.

Apothecia sessile or stipitate, flesh-coloured, nearly plane. Crust thin, inconspicuous.—Found throughout
Europe and North America, also in Chili (Montagne).

4. Biatora decipiens, Fries, Inch. Europ. p. 252.

Haz. Northern Island, fertile, with Endocarpon rufescens, Ach., Colenso.

This beautiful Lichen ranges all over Europe and North America, and is also found in Malta (on calcareous
soil), Cyprus, and the Canary Islands.

b. Thallo erustaceo.

5. Biatora pachycarpa ?, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 259. Desmaz.! Pl. Crypt. Pr. Bes. L. incanus, Borr.!
in Lf. Bot. t. 1683.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Sinclair.

It is just possible that this may be some other species; the hypothallus is not visible in the only specimen
preserved, and the thallus is not at all pulverulent; it is covered with little granular processes: the apothecia are
less deeply coloured than in the European specimens, and less appressed to the crust. I am unwilling, however, to
propose it either as a new species, or even variety, from insufficient materials, more especially as it is evident that
the unequable bark on which it grows has prevented its full development. In other respects it agrees with Eu-
ropean specimens received from Mr. Borrer and Dr. Montagne.

6. Biatora marginifleza, Bab. ; * crusta albido-glaucescenti tenui minute rimosa demum leprosa nigro-
limitata, apotheciis majoribus confertis madore purpureo-nigris disco pruinoso convexo margine tenui flex-
uoso.” Tayl. Lecidea marginiflexa, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 24. (Tas. CXXIX. B.)

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. H.

“The lamina is shallow, whitish, and pellucid, resting on an equally shallow layer, which is brown, and lies on
much white cortical matter." Tayl. l.c.

Dr. Montagne informs us that this does not appear to him to be distinct from Z. tuberculosa, Fée, “ ex spec.
auctoris ;” if so, Fée’s figure (tab. 27. fig. 1) is indifferent. In appearance this plant (which appears to be rather
variable, unless more than one species be included by Dr. Taylor and ourselves under one name) greatly resembles
L. parasema and L. premnea, but is distinguished from both by the glauco-pruinose disc; the margin varies much
in thickness and in colour; some specimens show the margin to be originally coloured, of a waxy hue and con-
sistence: hence the species is properly a Biatora. Hypothallus black, often obliterated. This Lichen grows on
the bark of Zrophis, etc., also over the rhizomata of Ferns (Niphobolus). The same species has been collected in
Brazil by Mr. Spruce, and is probably common in the south. Sporidia very large, about 357 Of an inch, oblong,

300 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

constricted about the middle, uniseptate, finely granulated.—Pıarz CXXIX. B. Fig. 1, plants, natural size; 2,
apothecia; 3, vertical slice of ditto; 4, asci; 5, immature, and 6, mature sporidia :—all highly magnified.

7. Biatora vernalis ?, Fries, Lich. Hurop. p. 260.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso, etc.

Fries has certainly included several plants under this name in his * Lichenographia, and has changed his mind
considerably in his Summa Veg. Scand. The sporidia differ much in the allied species, as my friend Mr. Leighton
has convinced me. The New Zealand specimens appear to belong to Fries’s form /ufeola, but I could not discover
the sporidia in a specimen which I examined. Probably several forms or species occur in New Zealand.

8. Biatora rosella, Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 259. Scher.! n. 217.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

9. Biatora decolorans, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 266. Moug. et Nestl.! n. 551.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso.
One specimen agrees with Mougeot’s; another has the thallus thicker, more lobulate, the lobes margined with
white, but it appears to be the same species.
10. Biatora anomala ?, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 269. L. cyrtellus, E. Bot. t. 2155. Borr.!
"Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

The range of this and the three preceding species is probably very extensive throughout the world.

11. Biatora carneola, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 264. L. corneus, E. Bot. t. 965. Borr.!
Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

19. Biatora ceroplasta, Bab.; thallo crustaceo hypophleode demum prorumpente albido ceraceo mi-
nute granulifero crassiusculo diffracto subpellucido, apotheciis subliberis appressis majusculis planiusculis
demum convexis rubris ceraceis nudis, junioribus subpellucidis, margine cupulari pallidiore carneo tenui
evanescente.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

It is with reluctance that I describe a new species of this difficult genus from a single specimen. The whole
plant looks as if it were made of wax; it may in other respects be compared with B. rosella, Fries, but the apothecia
are not in the least pruinose, the margin is thinner, and the colour of the disc of a deeper red, resembling that of B.
pachycarpa, but not quite so dark. Colour of the disc flesh-coloured within, resting on a paler line, ¿.e. the cupular
excipulum. I failed to discover asci or sporidia.

13. Biatora cinnabarina, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 266. (Tas. CXXIX. O.)

Has. Northern Island, on branches of shrubs, Colenso.

A beautiful little species, found also in Tasmania, North America, and Arctic Europe. Mr. Colenso's plant
agrees exactly with a specimen from Dovrefeld.—Prare CXXIX. C. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, apothecia; 3,
vertical slice of ditto; 4, more highly magnified portion of ditto; 5, sporidia :—all highly magnified.

Oss. Besides the above, there are several New Zealand specimens of this most difficult genus, which I cannot

determine satisfactorily.

. Gen. XVI. LECIDEA, Ach. et Auct. pr. p.

A. Thallo effigurato.

1. Lecidea mamillaris ?, Duf., Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 985. Sehar.! n. 575.
Has. Northern Island, on rock and earth, Colenso.

Specimens indifferent, but agreeing very well with Scherer’s plant, and with Fries’s description of the French

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 301

Lichen, except that in one of Mr. Colenso’s the fruit is pruinose. Apothecia coal-black within, on a thick stratum.
Asci and sporidia not seen; acicular paraphyses abundant, coloured at their tips with black.

2. Lecidea vesicularis, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 78. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 286.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Another Lecidea has been sparingly collected by Mr. Colenso, which is seemingly allied to Z. cinereo-virens,
Scher.! n. 298, but I could not discover the structure satisfactorily: there were no asci, the disc was white within,
margin carbonaceous. Z. vesicularis is found all over Europe and in Arctic America, likewise in the Antarctic
regions.

3. Lecidea flavo-virescens, Fries, Lich. Fur. p. 291.

Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Specimens very well developed, resembling L. Wahlendergii in miniature.

B. Thallo crustaceo subareolato.
a. Saxicole.

The following enumeration is no doubt very incomplete, and I have been compelled to pass over without notice
certain specimens which I cannot refer satisfactorily to their origin. The New Zealand species seem to be in almost
every case identical with the European, and these last, it must be confessed, are at present extremely ill defined and
understood, and it thus becomes impossible to say anything definite of their geographical distribution.

4. Lecidea atro-alba, Ach., Syn. p. 11. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 310. Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 2.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H. (On flinty pebbles.)

A minute form, in which the hypothallus preponderates.

5. Lecidea contigua, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 298. (cum syn.) L. speirea, Ach. Tayl.! Lich. Antarct.
n. 10:

Has. Northern Island, on calcareous rock, Colenso. Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

Crust thick, somewhat lobed; resembling the forms of South Europe in Mr. Colenso’s specimens, thinner and
less defined in Dr. Hooker’s.

6. Lecidia /apicida ?, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 306. ex descr. (cum syn.)

Has. Northern Island, on primitive rock, Colenso.

According to Fries, Schzerer's oxydated specimen n. 191, * vix differt" from his own Z. lapicida. It seems to
be very near Mr. Colenso’s plant; the description of Fries also accords.

7. Lecidea platycarpa, Ach., Sym. p. l7. Scher.! Hus. n. 228. L. contigua, 8 platycarpa, Fries,
Lich. Eur. pp. 300, 301. L. petrea, Zayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 6.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, J. D. H. (On very friable stone.)

Apothecia large, having their circumference free, very pruinose; disc white within, placed on a carbonaceous
stratum. Asci elongate, obovate, enclosing about eight sporidia, which are pale green, oblong, inclined to be acumi-
nated at both ends, apparently margined, not septate. The structure of Schærer’s specimen is precisely similar;
only the pruina is wanting (having been obliterated?) in my copy. Crust in Dr. Hooker’s specimen almost obso-
lete.

b. Corticole.

8. Lecidea parasema, Ach., Syn. p. 17. Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 330.
Has. Northern Island; on various barks, probably common, Colenso, etc.

To this may perhaps be referred L. albido-plumbea, Tayl.! in Hook. Lond. Journ., a form in which the hypo-
VOL. II. 4 H

302 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Zichenes.

thallus preponderates, and which “ differs from L. parasema, Ach., by its scaly thallus and scattered apothecia.”
Tayl. I. c.

9. Lecidea disseminata, Tayl., Lich. Antarct.n.20; “ verrucis in substratum tenue nigricans tartareis
albidis sparsis subrotundis subrugosis foraminulosis, apotheciis confertis demum immarginatis confluentibus
disco rufescenti, lamina pellucida crassa insuper substantiam albam corticalem posita." Tayi. ut supra.

Haz. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, J. D. H.

“Patch indeterminate; warts of the size of poppy-seeds ; apothecia a little larger, their thin border observable
only in the young state. It is allied to Lecanora involuta, Tayl" Tayl. l.c.

Unknown to me, and probably not a true species of Lecidea.

10. Lecidea albido-plumbea, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 23; “ crusta leprosa tenuissima, albido-plumbea
nigro-limitata, apotheciis sparsis subsessilibus, disco atro-pruinoso margine tenui undulato intus rufescen-
tibus.” Tayl. ut supra.

Has. Northern Island: Bay of Islands, on bark, J. D. H.

* Patches several inches wide, dull whitish, lead-coloured ; thallus, under a lens, appearing broken into very
minute whitish scales ; apothecia few, scattered, the black shell is continued beneath the lamina, which is a dusky
brown." Tayl. l.e.

I can make nothing of this plant, which is in an undeveloped state. It may be L. parasema, or any other
allied species.

C. Thallo crustaceo, subgranuloso.

11. Lecidea abietina, Ach., var.? saxicola, Bab. Pyrenothea leucocephala * Lecidina, Fries, Lich.
Eur. p. 450?

Has. Northern Island; on sandstone, almost without crust, Colenso.

This plant is probably the same as is mentioned by Mr. Borrer (see Hook. Engl. Fl. vol. v. pt. 1. p. 152), to
whom I am indebted for a specimen. I have united it with Z. abietina, marking at the same time a doubt of the

Dr. Nylander, in his valuable observations on Swedish Lichens (Ephem. Holm. 1853,

propriety of so doing.
and I had also

Botaniska Notiser, n. 6), affirms that Pyrenothea leucocephala, Tries, is L. abietina (spermatogonia),
previously intimated such to be my suspicion to Mr. Leighton in a letter, who has figured the spermatozoa as spo-
ridia. (Ang. Lichenes, pl. xxviii.) At the same time, there is some confusion about the synonymy of L. abietina,
and I am not possessed of the requisite materials for unravelling it. (See Leighton, 1. c. p. 66.)—The L. abietina
of British authors grows often on Oaks.

The species of this and the preceding genus can only be properly elucidated by resident botanists.

Tribe III. GRAPHIDEE.
Gen. XVII. GRAPHIS, Ach.

1. Graphis seripta, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. 81. Opegrapha scripta, a, Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 911.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

Dr. Montagne, as well as myself, is inclined to refer this to the common @. scripta, Auctt. Mr. Colenso’s
speeimens substantially agree with Schserer’s Exs. n. 90. The species appears universally diffused, “summo sep-
tentrione pro more generis excepto” (Fries); with the exception likewise, as it seems, of the extreme south; at least,
it is not included in Dr. Hooker’s ‘Flora Antartica.’ The absence of all true Opegraphe from New Zealand is

remarkable; probably, however, O. atra (if not others) will be found: it occurs at the Cape, as well as all over the

northern hemisphere.

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 303

Gen. XVIII. LECANACTIS, Eschw., Fries.

l. Lecanaetis impolita, Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 377. Parmelia impolita, ejusd. p. 183. Arthonia bifor-
mis, Schar.! Has. n. 251.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

A very difficult species, for which the reader is referred to Fries. We are not fully prepared, however, to
assent to his arrangement of the synonyms. Mr. Colenso's specimen agrees with Scheerer”s published specimen
exactly. ‘The geographical range of the present Lichen is probably very extensive; it occurs all over Europe, in
the regions of the plains, according to Fries, and is included in Tuckermann’s ‘Synopsis of North American
Lichens.’

Gen. XIX. STIGMATIDIUM, Meyer.

1. Stigmatidium crassum, Dub., Bot. Gall. p. 643. Moug. et Nest.! Fws. n. 955. Sagedia aggre-
gata, Pries, Lich. Hur. p. 416. cum syn. Opeographa crassa, 8 venosa, Scher.! Hrs. n. 587.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

We cannot but agree with our learned friends, Dr. Nylander and Mr. Leighton, in referring this plant to the
Graphidee. This plant has hitherto, we believe, been found only in Western Europe.

Gen. XX. ARTHONIA, 4c2.

This is one of the most unsatisfactory genera of Lichens; imperfect specimens of Graphis or Opegrapha assume
arthonioid forms, and it is a question not yet decided whether any Arthonie are autonomous species: they produce,
however, perfect sporidia.

l. Arthonia polymorpha, Ach., Syn. Lich. p. T. Eschw. in Mart. Ic. Sel. Crypt. Bras. p. 14. t. 9.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

2. Arthonia? confluens, Fée, Ess. sur les Crypt. des Ec. Off. p. 55. t. 14. J. 5. Peziza pruinata,
Schweinitz ! Fries, Syst. Myc.

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

T am indebted to my valued friend Dr. Montagne for determining this pretty species; the description and
figure of M. Fée (fig. b.) accord tolerably well. The crust is rather thick, chalk-white, well defined, with a faint lilac
tinge here and there, somewhat pulverulent. In the New Zealand specimens the surface is completely studded over
with roundish minute apothecia, whose edges curve inwardly when dry, so as to resemble in some degree a Verru-
caria, opening irregularly by a pore; when moistened they expand, and show a dark disc; they are covered more
or less completely with glaucous pruina, and the general appearance of the plant reminds us more of Pyrenothea
leucocephala, Fries, than of any European Lichen which we can call to mind. I am tolerably confident that the
Peziza pruinata of Schweinitz (for a specimen of which I am indebted to Mr. Berkeley) belongs to this plant*,

* Since the above was written, I have received the following communication from the Rev. M. J. Berkeley :—
“ I have compared your Arthonia confluens with the plant of Schweinitz to which you allude, and find no difference
microscopically or externally, except that yours is a little larger. It may possibly be the plant of Fée; whether so
or not, it is impossible to say without a specimen; but if so, Fée’s is no Ærthonia, but congeneric with Schweinitz's.
The Fungi are printed, or I should have had no hesitation in entering it amongst them as a mere form of Peziza
pruinata. Peziza conspersa, Pers., seems to be something of the same kind.”

304 ; TLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Lichenes.

Triss IV. CALICIELL.
Gen. XXI. CALICIUM, Pers.

The numerous and perplexing species of this genus are. found almost entirely in Europe and North America,
especially in the colder parts of them; we have also C. sessile from Madeira, but have no recollection of haying seen a
specimen collected in the southern hemisphere until Mr. Colenso’s plant came to hand. His discovery of this genus
and of Trypethelium in New Zealand goes to show how exceedingly ubiquitous all the genera of Lichens are, and
raises great presumption that this will be found to be the case more and more, as observations are increased. Tull
comparatively lately Striguda was thought to be wholly tropical, but one species (S. Babingtonii, Berk. !) is extremely
common in many parts of England, and very possibly several may be found on the coriaceous leaves of New Zea-
land trees and shrubs. Glyphis and Chiodecton are now also found in Europe, and probably occur in New Zealand.

1. Calicium curtum, Turn. et Borr.! Lichenogr. Brit. p. 148. — Scher.! Ees. n. 248 (not of Fries, ac-
cording to Scherer, Spicil. 235).

Has. Northern Island, on dead wood, Colenso.

We believe our Lichen to be identical with Scheerer's plant, and with a specimen named by Mr. Borrer; but
dare offer no opinion about the synonyms.

Sugorper Il. ANGIOCARPI, Fries.
Triger I. SPHAZROPHORE ZA.
Gen. XXII. SPHAROPHORON, Pers.

1. Sphserophoron Zemerum, Laur.! in Linn. v. 9. p. 45.6.1. 7.4. Mont. Voy. au Pöle Sud, Crypt.
p.179. Hook. fil. ! Fl. Ant. pp. 195. 530. €. 197. f. 1.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall, etc.

Dr. Hooker's remarks on the distinctive characters, the analysis, and the distribution of this plant, leave little
more to be said. In its ramification it comes nearest to S. fragile, Pers., but is much more slender and delicate; the
thick naked branches which bear the apothecia at their summits usually distinguish the plant at first sight, but Dr.
Hooker considers the decisive mark between this and $. coralloides and fragile to lie in the apothecia, “ which in the
adult state are margined only with the remains of the thallodal border, which afterwards falls away entirely.”

2. Spheerophoron coralloides, Pers. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 405.

Has. Northern and Middle Islands, fertile, Colenso, Bidwill, ete.

In age, the contents of the apothecia are discharged, and the border only remains. Main stems roundish,
thick; upon them are seated coral-like fibres. One of Mr. Colenso’s specimens is growing on wood.

3. Spheerophoron australe, Laur.! in Linn. ut supra, p. 44. Hook. fil.! Fl. Ant. pp. 195. 530.
(Tas. CXXX. C.)

Var. B. scrobiculatum, Bab.; thallo glauco foliaceo dissecto marginibus erosis subtus niveo basi nigri-
cante, podetiis glaucis subcanaliculatis demum explanatis latissimis subnudis passim squamulosis palmatis,
ramis subsimplicibus subtus niveis, apotheciis inferis maximis, margine latissimo reflexo lacero supra cor-
rugato scrobiculato. :

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Var. 8. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall. (Growing
on earth, with quartz grains.)

A troublesome species, several of whose forms are well described by Dr. Hooker (as above). The apothecia of
this and the following species are inferior, and have their margins reflexed. One of Mr. Colenso’s specimens

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 305

grows on the dead stem of some Fern. Mr. Bidwill’s plant (barren) is on the trunk of a tree, and suffused here and
there with a pinkish hue beneath, somewhat resembling in general appearance small states of Zvernia prunastri, Ach.—
The var. 8 (to which the large figure in the plate belongs) is a remarkable form, but connected with the type by
intermediate states. The thallus at the base is very conspicuous, and may be compared to that of Cladonia aleicornis
or cervicornis ; it is irregularly divided and dissected; a few smaller scales are scattered over the otherwise naked
podetia: these last are at first channelled, then explanate, very broad, half an inch or more, divided or rather split
in a palmated manner into three or four subcanaliculate branches, with margins occasionally subspinulose ; upper
surface glaucous, scarcely at all corrugated, except at their fertile extremities, where they are very deeply pitted ;
under side slightly corrugated, white, blackish towards the base, with an occasional buff tinge. Apothecia inferior,
very large above, 44, of an inch wide in the largest specimen, including the margins, the disc itself being nearly 3 an
inch. The margin is in age much corrugated below, snow-white, irregularly split and erose at the edges, not uni-
form in breadth, but widest at the upper extremity, ¿.e. at the termination of the branch of the podetium.— PLATE
CXXX. C. Figs. 1-4, various states, natural size ; 5, vertical section of podetium and apothecium; 6, portion of
apothecium ; 7, immature, and 8, mature asci; 9 and 10, sporidia; 11, gonidia :—all highly magnified.

4. Spheerophoron compressum, Ach. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 404.
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Bidwill, etc.

This species has a good deal of the ramification of 5. coralloides, but the structure and position of the apothecia
are the same as in the preceding species.

With respect to the geographical distribution of this genus, the species affect the frigid and temperate zones of
both hemispheres, but I am not aware that they have been found within the tropics, though $. coralloides occurs in
the Canary Islands. The three European species are also found in the south, to which 8. tenerum and S. australe
(of which S. insigne, Laur.! is probably a form) are exclusively confined. See more minute particulars in Hooker,
as above..

A singular state (barren) of some species of Spherophoron (as it seems) has been collected by Mr. Colenso in
the Northern Island and at Port Nicholson, by Dr. Lyall. The stems are terete, coal-black below and polished,
or else of a velvety consistence, ferruginous above, flaccid; the branches are very much divided, and end in
numerous glaucous purplish flaccid capillary branchlets, which are decompounded in a remarkable degree. The
whole plant has a dark lurid appearance, and is evidently a morbose condition of some other Lichen, perhaps of
S. tenerum, Laur.

Trise II. ZNDOCARPEA.
Gen. XXIII. TRYPETHELIUM, Ach.

1. Trypethelium madreporiforme, Eschw.; crusta subcerata nitidiuscula flavo-virente, stromate sub-
globoso extus duriuseulo brunneo intus luteo, apotheciis circa ostiolum denudatis a verruca elevato-mar-
ginatis.—Lschw. in Mart. Ic. Sel. Crypt. Brasil. p. 19. t. 9. f. 6. Mont.! Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. 19. p. 68
(ser. 1.) ; ejusdem Crypt. Guyan. n. 212. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. 16. p. 70. (ser. ii.) Paullulum differt
Lichen N. Zelandia,

Var. (8. obscurius; Bab.; crusta erumpente albida subpapillata deinde evanescente, stromate intus
subfusco.

Has. Northern Island, on aged bark, Colenso.

Except in the nature of the crust and the internal colour of the stroma (which is possibly due to age, or
perhaps to a more temperate climate), Mr. Colenso's Lichen agrees with Eschweiler's figure, and with a specimen
from Dr. Montagne gathered by M. Leprieur in French Guiana. Mr. Spruce has also collected it on the banks of
the Amazon, but we are not aware of this Lichen having been hitherto found, except in tropical America, to whicl»

VOL. II. 41

306 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [.Lichenes.

region indeed the genus seems to be principally confined, so far as present observations have been made. One or
two species, however, occur in India, and it is probable that others may be found throughout the tropical and

subtropical regions of the globe.

Gen. XXIV. ENDOCARPON, Ack.

1. Endocarpon pusillum, Hedw., Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 411. E. Hedwigi, A, Scher.! Lich. Helv.
Has. n. 115.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. On the ground, with Parmelia fulgens and Biatora decipiens.

2. Endocarpon fluviatile, DO. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 409.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

Very indifferent specimens, but no doubt belonging to this species.

In this genus we again find our common British Lichens, re-appearing at the antipodes; the species of Endo-
carpon are principally found in the temperate and polar regions, but also (Æ. equinoctiale, Hochst.!) in the neigh-
bourhood of the equator at high altitudes.

Gen. XXV. PERTUSARIA, DC.

1. Pertusaria communis, DC. Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 420.

Has. Northern Island, both on bark and stones, Colenso, Raoul, etc.

Occurring under various forms, among which is P. leioplaca, Ach., and several states which would have been
called Variolarie by Acharius.

It is probable that several species of this genus occur in New Zealand ; minute fragments of a form unknown
to Dr. Montagne as well as to myself, have been collected on stone by Colenso. The warts are extremely thick,
smooth, and confluent, and the plant can hardly perhaps be a state of any described species; but it would be im-
prudent, in so difficult a genus, to construct a new species out of such imperfect materials. P. communis is ubiqui-

tous within the temperate regions.

Gen. XX VI. PORINA, Ach.

1. Porina eucurbitula, * Mont., Fl. Chil. ined. c. ic.” Mont.! in litt. Pertusaria cucurbitula, ejusd,
Diagn. Phycol. n. 15. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. v. 18. ser. iii. (by a misprint for Porina P)

Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

A remarkable plant, unlike any species with which I am acquainted, but, which, if casually inspected, might be
taken for a small form of Pertusaria communis. Hypothallus filmy, white and silvery. Crust somewhat radiating,
orbicular, patches confluent and spreading widely over the bark on which it grows, cream-coloured, warty. po-
thecia very numerous, smallish, sessile on the crust, prominent, subconfluent, of the same colour as the thallus, at
first closed, then expanding and margining the single apiculated nucleus which they enclose. Nucleus waxy within,
at length falling away, leaving the excipulum empty and wax-coloured at the bottom.—1 am indebted to my excel-
lent friend Dr. Montagne for determining this plant. „Porina differs from Pertusaria “par des verrues uniloculaires,”
as he observes in his description of Porina endochrysa; consequently the present Lichen is a Porina.

2. Porina endochrysa, Mont.! Cent. 3. n. 98 ; ejusd. Crypt. Guy. n. 229. (Tas. OXXVIII. D.)
Haz. Northern Island, Colenso.

Dr. Montagne confirms my supposition that this Lichen is his P. endochrysa. The under side of the plant is
studded with buff pilules, which are produced by the protuberant bases of the apothecia. Sporidia 545 of an
inch long, muralia, as Flotow would call them, i.e. containing irregular dissepiments, pressing irregularly against

1

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 307

each other like stones in a wall.—PrATE OXXVIII. D. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, upper, and 8, under surface

of thallus; 4, vertical section of apothecium ; 5,immature, and 6, mature asci; 7 and 8, sporidia :—all highly mag-
nified.

Tre III. VERRUCARIEZA.
Gen. XXVII. VERRUCARIA, Ach.

An extensive genus, occurring in all parts of the world, the species of which are very ill understood, partly in
consequence of the extreme minuteness of many of them. The sporidia of the British species are figured by
Leighton in his British Angiocarpous Lichens.

l. Verrucaria nitida, Schrad. Fries, Lich. Europ. p. 443.
Haz. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, on bark, J. D. H.

A variable species in New Zealand, as well as in Europe. The form nitidella, Flörke, likewise occurs in New
Zealand.

2. Verrucaria alba ?, Schrad. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 444. V. dermatodes, Tayl.! Lich. Antacrt. n. 27
(not Borr. ! which Leighton rightly determines to be a form of 7. nitida, Ang. Lich. p. 36.)
Has. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, on bark, J. D. H.

lam not at all satisfied that I have determined this species correctly. Mr. Leighton has kindly examined
the sporidia, which he finds not unlike those of Y. nitida.

3. Verrucaria immersa, Pers. V. rupestris, Fries, Lich. Hur. p. 436 (in part).
Has. Northern Island, on calcareous stone, Colenso.

4. Verrucaria umbrina, Wahl. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 441.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso. On pebbles, in a bad state, almost without a crust.

5. Verrucaria muralis ?, Ach., Syn. p. 95. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 436. Scher.! Has. n. 441.
Has. Northern Island, on sandstone, Colenso.

Perithecia entire in Mr. Colenso's specimen.

6. Verrucaria maura, Wahl. Fries, Lich. Bur. p. 448.
Has. Northern Island, Colenso.

The stones on which this grows have evidently been suffused by sea-water, consequently there is not much
doubt that the specimens are correctly named.

There is no question that this enumeration of the Verrucarie of New Zealand is incomplete; probably many

other species occur.

SUBORDER III. BYSSACEJE.
Tripe I. COLLEMACEE.
Gen. XXIX, LEPTOGIUM, Fries.

1. Leptogium Brebissonii ?, Mont.! in Webb et Berth. Hist. Can. p. 130. Collema ruginosum, Dyf.
Hb. Scher. Enum. Crit. p. 251. C. rugatum, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 143. ut supra. Stephanephorus
Dufourianus, Bab. olim in sched. cum Lich. Pyren. Spruc. divulgatis.

Has. Northern Island; on trees, barren, Bay of Islands, J. D. H., Sinclair.

A handsome species, easily known (when fertile) from most of its allies by the elevated plice and striations of

308 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Lichenes.

the thallus, and well described by the authors above referred to. Mr. Spruce observes of it:—‘ Near Jurançon
there is a Collema on the trees which is quite meteoric; in wet weather, and especially after thunderstorms, it
springs up as suddenly as a mushroom, forming globular tremelloid masses, covered with apothecia. Léon Dufour
has observed the same near St. Séver, but has never been able to determine it satisfactorily.’ The habit of the
thallus is that of some species of Stephanephorus of Flotow, a genus which can hardly be considered valid; but the
apothecia are externally furfuraceous, not foliaceous. This species, long undescribed, occurs in Ireland (Taylor !),
Wales (Salwey !), Western France (Spruce! etc.), the Canaries (Lemann! ete.), and Madeira (Salwey !), as well as
in New Zealand.—C. chloromelum, Ach., Mont. Crypt. Cub. c. ic., is perhaps too near this species.

2. Leptogium Zremelloides, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 122. Collema tremelloides, Ach. e£ Auctt.
C. cyanescens, Scher.! n. 409. L. azureum, Mont.! (Collema azureum, Ach. et Auctt.).
Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, fertile, Colenso, etc.

We cannot but consider L. azureum, with Eschweiler, as merely a more brilliantly coloured form of this species ;
it is well figured by Swartz, Lich. Amer. t. 15, and Fée, Essai, t. 9. This Lichen is almost, if not quite, a cos-
mopolite, the azure form belonging principally to the tropics, but occurring also in New Zealand and elsewhere. It
is found as far north as Sweden, and as far south as Cape Horn, and in numberless intermediate localities, but the
fertile state occurs principally or entirely in warmer climates.

3. Leptogium scotinum, Fries, ut supra. Collema sinuatum, Scher.! Enum. Crit. p. 250. Has. n.
405.
Has. Northern Island, barren, Colenso.

The specimens agree substantially with the European form. We can scarcely, however, think this Lichen dis-
tinct from the very polymorphous Z. lacerum, Fr. Schærer had originally united them, but in his last work he
considers them distinct. C. scotinum occurs all over Europe, as far north as Lapland, and in the Canary Islands,
but is absent from the North American Enumeration of Tuckermann; I suspect, however, that it occurs pretty ge-
nerally throughout the world. C. lacerum, at all events, occurs in the New World both within and without the

tropics.

Gen. XXX. COLLEMA, Hoffm. pr. p., Fries.

The genus Leptogium is distinguished from Collema, by Fries and others, by its proper excipulum and diapha-
nous thallus ; but the membranaceous division of Collema has the margin of the apothecia so nearly of the same
colour as the dise, that we fear no very strict limits can be drawn between them. In truth, the genera of Lichens
are almost ideal: in practice we have numerous instances of plants which are ambiguous between two or more
genera.

1. Collema nigrescens, Ach. et Auctt.

Var. 8. leucocarpum, Bab.; apotheciis roseis pruinosis demum expallentibus.—C. leucocarpum, 74/./
Lich. Antarct. n. 144.

Has. Middle Island, D’Urville. Var. 8. Northern Island, Colenso.

Mr. Colenso’s specimens do not agree with the typical European form (i. e., a, Vespertilio, Schær.! Enum. Crit.
p. 252; Exs. 410), which we have not seen from New Zealand, but are to be referred to our var. leucocarpum.
This beautiful form has been also gathered by Mr. Gunn in Van Diemen’s Land, and in Scotland by Captain
Carmichael. The thallus agrees with C. nigrescens, and the apothecia alone differ; but the characters, though
giving the plant a striking appearance, appear to be unimportant. C. nigrescens is found all over Europe, as far
north as Lapland; we have it from Madeira (Salwey !), also from the United States (Greene !), where it occurs in
various localities (Tuckermann), and from the Himalaya Mountains (Winterbottom !), and Madras (Wight !). In
the south, however, it seems less frequent.

j
[
|
1

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 309

2. Collema flaccidum, Ach. et Auctt.

Var. 8. deve, Bab.; lobis amplis submonophyllis appressis, thallo levi subrigido concavo atro-viridi,
apothectis valde confertis rufo-fuscis evidenter marginatis.—C. leve, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 142.

Var. y. cerulescens, Bab. ; thallo amplo valde rigido granulis nullis, lobis ascendentibus colore viridi
subazureo demum dilutius flavescente, apotheciis numerosissimis evidenter marginatis, disco rufo.

Has. Northern Island, Colenso. Var. B. Bay of Islands, on trees, J. D. H. Var. y. On trees,
Colenso.

Mr. Colenso's specimens of the type, which are barren, and grow both on rocks and on wood, agree well with
the European forms; the thallus is thin, dull green, much lobed, and crisped; lobes ascending, more or less co-
vered in many parts with furfuraceous granulations; those on wood may be considered identical with Schær.! Exs.
n. 418 (P. rupestris, B furva, b granulosa). If this is correctly referred to C. furvum of Acharius, it hardly seems to
be anything more than a variety of C. flaccidum. Fries, however, distinguishes them in his Summa Veg. Scand. p.
122. Eschweiler (Fl. Brasil. p. 234) speciously enough combines this with the preceding, and it is indeed often
diffieult to distinguish indifferent specimens ; the structure, however, of the under side of C. nigrescens, as well as a
certain habit, seem to indicate a specific difference; but I must own myself to be doubtful on the point. The
present species is found all over Europe, from Lapland (Fries) southwards, thence as far as Madeira (Salwey !), in
Arctic America (Drummond )), in the United States of North America (Tuckermann), in Brazil (Eschweiler), and
probably in many other regions of the south.

The var. deve, Bab., has the lobes of the ample submonophyllous appressed thallus quite smooth, rather rigid,
concave, dull green ; apothecia minute, very crowded, rufo-fuscous, distinctly margined.

This variety is compared with C. nigrescens by Taylor, who remarks that the lobes are thinner, smoother, with-
out longitudinal wrinkles, and that the apothecia in all stages are concave, with a thicker thallodal cup. This ab-
sence of wrinkles indicates the affinity to be with C. flaccidum, and it appears to be merely a handsome ample form,
void of granulations; the apothecia, however, are very densely crowded, as in C. nigrescens.

The var. cerulescens differs from the preceding in its greater rigidity and brighter colours. Neither of these
forms at all deserve the name of C. flaccidum, but the synonym C. rupestre is still less applicable. It is not impos-
sible that this and the preceding variety may be distinct both from C. flaccidum and C. nigrescens ; but there are no
very satisfactory characters, and both species are known to be extremely variable.

3. Collema saturninum, Ach. et Auctt.
Has. Northern Island, on bark, Colenso.

. A variable species, in general easily recognized by the tomentose under side; but this character is almost obso-
lete in the Antarctic specimens from Cape Horn, which we conceive, notwithstanding, to belong to this species. C.
saturninum is found at the Cape of Good Hope, and throughout the whole of Europe, likewise in the United States
and in Arctic America, and in the Himalaya Mountains. I am not aware whether it occurs within the tropics.

4. Collema fasciculare, var. Colensoi, Bab. ; thallo suborbiculari centro affixo rigido tenui cartilagineo,
sicco leete azureo demum discolore, madido turgescente virescente, lobis liberis utrinque concoloribus sub-
rugosis rotundatis sinuatis crispatis, apotheciis stipatissimis totos margines obtegentibus minutis subimmar-
ginatis rufis.

Has. Northern Island, on twigs, Colenso.

Perhaps a distinct species. In the disposition of the apothecia it much resembles Leptogium marginellum,
Mont.! (Collema, Ach. et Auctt.) ; but the present plant, although the apothecia have no very distinct thallodal mar-
gin, is evidently a Collema, the thallus being much too thick for a Leptogium, and decidedly swelling when mois-
tened. It grows in small tufts about an inch in diameter, more or less, bright blue at first, but in age assuming a
disagreeable greenish-brown tint, with the lobes freely ascending from the centre, thus giving the species more of the
habit of a Gyrophora than is usual in this genus. These lobes are very numerous, extremely crisped and sinuated,

VOL. II. dom

310 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Lichenes.

having their margins completely beset with a crowded mass of minute rufous apothecia, which become darker in age.
When moistened, the plant becomes dull green, pale and pellucid. I am unwilling to separate this from C. fascicu-
lare, Borr.!, but other specimens so named (e.g. Scher.! n. 415) are evidently something very different. The pre-
sent plant certainly does not belong to C. migrescens.

5. Collema pulposum ?, Scher.! mum. Crit. p. 258. t. x. f. 5; Evs. n. 428-431. C. crispum,
Engl. Bot. t. 834. C. cristatum, Borr.

Has. Northern Island, on the ground, barren, Colenso.

The determination of an indifferent barren specimen cannot be regarded as certain in so difficult a genus as this
is; but there is no reason to suppose it to be anything different from the common European species.

Besides the above, I have seen some specimens of Collemata from New Zealand, which I am unable to deter-
mine with satisfaction.

Tare II. MYRIANGIACEA.
Gen. XXXI. MYRIANGIUM, Berk. et Mont.

"Thallus orbiculatus, tuberculatus, aut ineequabilis, ambitu plicato-striatus, gelatinosus, atro-fuscus,
intus pallescens. Apothecia imperfecta tuberculiformia, immarginata, perfecta vero scutelliformia a thallo
marginata, primo clausa dein aperta thalamium includentia crassum concolor fuscum.

For a more detailed account of this obscure and singular genus, see Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. iv. p. 72.
Ann, des Sc. Nat. t. xi. (ser. iii.) p. 245.

1. Myriangium inconspicwum, Bab.; thalli pulvinulis minutis subpapillatis glabris (fere 1 lin. latis)
subglobosis, apotheciorum disco subrufo inconspicuo subimmarginato, sporidiis minutissimis oblongis uni-
septatis. (Tas. CXXVIIT. B.)

Has. Northern Island; on dead leaves, apparently of Phormium tenaz, Colenso.

A very much smaller species than M. Duriei, Berk.! et Mont. !, and in Mr. Berkeley’s opinion quite distinct
from it. He finds the sporidia to be „55 of an inch long in the present plant, oblong, constricted a little towards
the middle, and uniseptate. The disc of the apothecia is not without difficulty to be distinguished from the thallus ;
that which may be considered such is very obscurely margined by the thallus, and of a rufous tinge, and is possibly
imperfect. Both M. Duriei and M. Curtis, Berk.! et Mont.!, have a much more depressed as well as larger
thallus. I could have wished to have seen more and better specimens of this plant, but was loth to omit mention
of it altogether. The most perfectly developed species of the genus (M. Curtisiz) occurs in North America, another
(M. Duriei) in Algiers, and the same, as it seems, occurs in France and the Channel Islands (Salwey !); a third is
found in Australia.—Prate CXXVIII. B. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, apothecia; 3, vertical section of ditto ;
4, asci; 5, sporidia:—all highly magnified.

Trips HI. CHONOGONIEA.

Gen. XXXII. CENOGONLUM, Ehrenberg.

1. Cenogonium Zinkü, Ehr. in Nees Hor. Phys. Berol. pp. 119-122. t. 27. Mont.! Crypt. Guyan.
n. 11. Fee, Essai. t. 2. :
Haz. Northern and Middle Islands; fertile, Colenso, D’ Urville.

Found in the West Indies (Montagne !), Guiana (Montagne !), Cumana and Peru (Humboldt), Brazil (Ehren-
berg), the Ladrone Islands (Gaudichaud), Van Diemen’s Land (Gunn!), and New Holland (Sieber!). I have
also a barren fragment from the Mauritius.

Lichenes. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 311

Trips IV. ZICHINEA.
Gen. XXXIII. LICHINA, Ag.

1. Lichina pygmea, Ag., Sp. Alg. v. 1. p. 105. Aig. Danmon. Bus. n. 155.
Var. intermedia, Bab.; ramis planiusculis tenuioribus, statura minore. (Tam. CXXVIII. C.)
Has. On the rocks, Otago, fertile, March, Dr. Lyall.

This appears to be almost identical with the European form. Branches short, densely tufted, firm, flattish,
branched and forked, blunt at the tips; in stature intermediate between L. pygmea and L. confinis (which are per-
haps too near one another), but the characters are rather those of the former. Dr. Harvey is disposed to consider
this a new species, but I can hardly venture to propose it as such.—PrarE CXXVIII. C. Fig. 1, plant, natural
size; 2, branch; 3, vertical section of ditto ; 4, transverse section of ditto ; 5, apothecia; 6, the same, cut vertically ;
7, sporidia ; 8, cells of the thallus :—all highly magnified.

APPENDIX I.

SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS AND GENERA OF NEW ZEALAND PLANTS,

In the prefatory remarks to the ‘Flora of New Zealand,’ p. 2, I proposed appending to this work a
synopsis of the New Zealand Natural Orders: and to this 1 have, upon further consideration, added a
synoptical table of the genera also, arranged according to the artificial or Linnean system. My object in
this is to facilitate the reference of many of the obscure genera to their proper places, and by no means to
obviate the necessity or to supersede the use of a sound elementary acquaintance with the Natural Orders,
as illustrated in the books which I have mentioned in the Preface as necessary to be studied. An accu-
rate knowledge of the Natural System is indeed the foundation of botany; but to acquire it through the
study of New Zealand plants is extremely difficult, owing to those peculiarities of the flora dwelt upon at
p. xxviii. of the Introductory Essay; and I have therefore availed myself of artificial characters in the
following attempt so to group and define the Orders and Genera, that the student may, at any rate in
some cases, provided he proceeds with care, be able to refer even the most obscure New Zealand plant to
its genus.

It is assumed that the student who intends availing himself of these Keys has mastered the rudiments
of botany, and consequently understands the structure of Grasses, of Composite, Conifere, Orchidee, etc. ;
there are, however, besides these, certain genera of curious or anomalous structure whose place in the
system could hardly be found out by the beginner, but which may easily be recognized after reading their
descriptions; as Viscum, Euphorbia, Ruppia, Zaunichellia, Freycinetia, Gunnera, Callitriche, Piper, Pepe-
romia, Lemna, and others. It would be impossible for any one who was not both an experienced botanist
and dissector to find out the names of these genera and to understand their affinities ; and as it is not to be
expected that an unaided student can do so, they should be sought for in their appropriate localities, stu-
died, and preserved in the herbarium.

I would here impress upon the beginner the importance of keeping an Herbarium, which is the
library of the botanist as well as his museum. This he should regard as the foundation and depository
of his knowledge and experience ; it should, as far as possible, embody all the information he possesses in
the shape of notes, descriptions, and sketches, and it should contain not only specimens to look at, but
plenty of spare flowers, fruits, seeds, etc., for re-examination and dissection; varieties, monsters, and all
structural and morphological anomalies should be so preserved in it that their peculiarities may at once
be perceived ; for these are necessary to be understood, and are instructive even to persons who are not in-
terested in systematic botany. It must be remembered that the great value of a good herbarium does not
depend upon its being the means of readily naming a plant (though that is a most important one), but
upon the information it conveys respecting each individual contained in it as a member of the vegetable
kingdom, the area and conditions to which it is confined, and the variations to which it is subject: it
should present, in short, as far as possible, a history of the species in the widest acceptation of the term.

The student must bear in mind that the following Keys are very imperfect. I have not the requisite
familiarity with New Zealand plants in all their forms to enable me to offer them as anything but at-
tempts, and can only repeat what I have before said (p. 5) with regard to native names, that if they lead
to the determination of one difficult plant out of five, their object will be answered to my satisfaction.

APPENDIX I.

I. KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS.

CHIEFLY ADAPTED FROM DR. LINDLEY'S ‘ VEGETABLE KINGDOM.’

Exogens, or Dicotyledones. §§ Ovary superior. |
T Leaves stipulate. |
I. PoLYPETALOUS. a. Carpels solitary or distinct.
A. Polyandrous. Stamens more than 20. 1. Flowers papilionaceous . Leguminose. |
§ Ovaries inferior. 2. Flowers regular . . . Rosacea. ]
1. Leaves with transparent dots. Myrtacee. B. Carpels more or less combined. |
2. Leaves without transparent”) Mesembryan- * Placente parietal.
dots } themee. 1. Flowers with a corona Passifloree.
$$ Ovaries superior. 2. Leaves with viscid
T Leaves stipulate. glandular hairs. . . Drosera.
a Carpelsitee , > . 7... ROUE. 3. Connective of anthers
8. Carpels combined. broad +. Sara Yoolarıce.
1. Anther I-celled . . . Malvacee. ** Placentze axile.
2. Anther 2-celled . . . Tiliacee. 1. Styles separate.
TT Leaves exstipulate. Sepals free. . . . Blatinee.
a. Carpels numerous. Sepals combined . . Cunoniacee.
1. Stamens perigynous . . Rosacee. 2. Styles combined ; carpels gynobasic. .
2. Stamens hypogynous, free Ranunculacee. Carpels awned . . Geraniacee.
3. Stamens hypogynous, uni- Carpels not awned . Oxalidee. A
ted in bundles. . . . Zypericinec. 3. Styles combined; carpels not gynobasic. |
B. Oligandrous. Stamens fewer than 20. Sepals 2-8. . . . Portulacee. |
§ Ovary inferior. Sepals 5. . . . . Rhamnacee. |
T Flowers umbellate. Tt Leaves exstipulate. 1
l: Herbs. Styles 2 . . . Umbellifere. a. Carpels several, free. |
2. Shrubs or trees. Styles 9 1. Many-seeded . . . . Crassulacee.
OL More e coo. 2. One-seeded. . . . . Ranunculacee.
tt Flowers not umbellate. B. Carpel solitary.
a. Stipulate .-.-.-. . . Rhamnacee. 1. Drupaceous . . . . Anacardiacee.
B. Exstipulate. 2. Leguminous . . . . Leguminosae.
* Style 1. y. Carpels combined.
1. Petals 4, imbricate. . Onagrariee. * Styles free.
2. Petals 4-5, valvate. 1. Carpels several. . . Linea.
Stam. opposite petals . Zoranthacee. 2. Carpels 2. Shrubs . Cunoniacee. a
3. Petals 5. Stamens al- 3. Carpels 2-3. Herbs. Sawifragee. q
ternate with petals. 4. Carpel 1. Stamens op- |
Cells of fruit 1-seeded Cornee. posite petals . . . Olacinee.
Cells of fruit many- ** Styles combined.
seeded. . . . . Zscalloniee. 1. Leaves dotted. Sta-
* Styles 2 or more. mens alternate with
1. Cells of fruit 1-seeded . Haloragez. petals . . . . . Rutacee.
2. Cells of fruit many- 9. Stamens attached with-
seeded o | . Samjkajee. inatube . . . . Meliacee.

VOL, II. 4L

3. Carpels 5. Stam. free Bremiacee.
4. Carpels 2. Stamens
me. Loree.
5. Leaves dotted. Sta-
mens opposite petals. Myrsinee.

II. MoNoPETALOUS.
§ Ovary inferior.
+ Flowers in an involucrate head Composite.
++ Flowers not in an involucrate
head.
a. Anthers syngenesious
B. Anthers free.
* Stamens 2, forming co-

. Lobeliacee.

lumn with style . . . Stylidee.
** Stamens 5. Stigma in-
dusiate 4. 5 s o Goodenter:
** Stamens 4-5. Stigma
not indusiate.
1. Leaves opposite or
whorled, stipulate. . Rubiaceae.
2. Leaves opposite, exsti-
pulate . . . . . Caprifoliacee.

3. Leaves alternate . Campanulacee.
$$ Ovary superior; flowers regular.
+ Ovary 3-4-lobed to the base.
1. Stamens hypogynous . Stackhousiee.

2. Stamens epipetalous, equal. Boraginee.
3. Stamens epipetalous, didy-
famous... . .2... Labate.
++ Ovary not 3—4-lobed.
a. Corolla lobes plicate in bud.
Leaves alternate.
1. Capsule few-seeded . Convolvulacee.
2, Berry many-seeded . Solanee.
B. Corolla lobes twisted in bud.
Leaves opposite.
1. Olimbing, shrubby
9. Herbs, with bitter roots. Gentianec.
y. Corolla lobes imbricate or valvate.

* Stamens epipetalous.

. Apocynee.

x Leaves opposite.
1. Anthers with pores Zricee.
2. Stamens two.
3. Stamens 5. Capsule

. Loganiacee.

many-seeded

. Serophularinez.

APPENDIX 1.

4. Fruit 4-lobed . Verbenacez.
xx Leaves alternate.
1. Stam. opposite petals . Myrsinee.
9. Shrubs. Stam. altern.
with petals, 9-valved . Myoporinez.
3. Anthers with pores . Hricee.
4. Stamens alternating
with scales . . Sapotacee.
5. Herbs. Capsule de-
hiscing horizontally . Plantaginee.
6. Anthers 1-celled . Epacridee.
** Stamens hypogynous
$$$ Ovary superior. Flowers irregular.
T Ovary 4-lobed to the base.
1. Lip of corolla superior .
2. Lip of corolla inferior
++ Ovary not 4-lobed.
1. Leaves with glandular dots Myoporinee.

. Epacridee.

. Labiate.
. Verbenacee.

2. Leaves opposite. Placentae

parietal, involute . . Oyrtandree.
3. Leaves opposite. Placentæ
ele... 12 90 Scrophulanınee,
4. Placentee central . . Lentibularinee.
III. APETALOUS.
§ Achlamydeous.
+ Leaves stipulate, opposite . . Chloranthacea.

++ Leaves exstipulate, broad, penninerved.
1. Herbs, juice milky . Luphorbiacee.
2. Flowers minute, in catkins . Piperacee.
3. Water herbs, with opposite
leaves: =. es ee, Coalhiriche.
Ttt Leaves exstipulate, small, and
subulate ; or, if large, with pa-
rallel nerves. Wood with glan-
dular discs. +... Comfere.
$$ Monochlamydeous.
+ Ovary inferior.
a. Trees or shrubs.

1. Leaves opposite . Loranthacee.

2. Leaves alternate . Santalacee.
B. Herbs.

1. Embryo straight . . Haloragea.

2. Embryo curved . Tetragonia.

TT Ovary superior.
a. Leaves stipulate.

APPENDIX I. 31

1. Shrubs. Petals valvate . Rhamnee.
2. Stipules ochreate . . . Polygonez.
3. Filaments clastic . . . Urticee.
B. Leaves exstipulate.
* Flowers hermaphrodite.
* Styles 2 or more, wholly free.
l. Seed solitary . . . Seleranthec.
2. Seeds many . . . Colobanthus.
xx Styles solitary or combined.
i Carpels many, free . Ranunculacez.
ii Carpel one, or several combined.
o Stamens not on perianth.
l. Seed 1. Cotyle-

dons straight. . Urticee.
2. Seed 1. Cotyle-

dons folded . . Nyctaginee.
8. Seed 1. Embryo

curved. . . . Amaranthacee.
4. Seeds several. . Ohenopodiacee.

oo Stamens on perianth.
1. Four, opposite its
segments . . . Proteacee.
2. Alternate with its

segments . . . Thymelee.
3. In two rows . . Lauraceae.
** Flowers unisexual.
1. Herbs . . . . . Chenopodiaceae.

2. Trees. Leaves altern. Lauracec.
3. Trees. Leaves oppo-

site . . . . . . Monimiacee.
4. Leafless, twining . . Cassytha.

Endogens, or Monocotyledones.

I. Flowers with distinct perianth of six pieces in
two rows.
A. Flowers irregular, gynandrous . . Orchidee.
B. Flowers regular.
T Perianth superior, petaloid or herbaceous.
1. Anthers extrorse, or versatile . Iridee.
2, Antlers Introrse 0 Hypoxidee.

Tt Perianth inferior, petaloid, or herbaceous.
* Fruit a few-seeded 1-3-celled berry.

1. Testa pale, membranous . Smilacee.
2. Pesta black brittle = = Salinger.
** Fruit a l-seeded drupe . . Palmer.

*** Fruit a many-seeded capsule Liliacee.
eE Fruit of 3-6 one-seeded
capal. O Ne
ttt Perianth inferior, glumaceous.
l. Anthers 2-celled. Fruit cap-

sda o cor.
2. Anthers 1-celled. Fruit an
uice; . . . . 45 eine.

II. Flowers naked, or with irregular or incomplete
perianth, not glumaceous.

A. Flowers arranged on dense long spike or spadix.

1. Climbing shrub. . . . . . Freycinetia.
2. Erect water-plants.
Flowers spiked . . . . . Triglochin.
Catkin cylindrical . . . . Zypha.
Catkin spherical. . . . . Sparganium.
3. Floating or submerged water-
plants . wee. oc Nadee.
B. Flowers not on a spadix, perianth 0,
or a small 1-valved spathe.
l. Minute floating fronds. . . . Lemna.
2, Leafy water herbs. Peduncle
long, twisted. . . . . . . Ruppia.
3. Leafy water herbs. Peduncle
short - c ey +) . Zannichellia.

4. Tufted herbs. Anther l-celled . Restiacez.

III. Perianth incomplete, glumaceous, of one or
more scales,

1. Stems solid. Sheaths of leaves

Sp... >. Rest
2. Stems solid, 3-angled. Sheaths
enürg c n a. Cyperacee.

3. Stems hollow, terete. Sheath split Graminec.

IL KEY ADAPTED TO THE LINNZEAN METHOD.

I. Monanpria. Stamen 1, in the same flower as
the pistil.
l. Tufted herb, with opposite leaves . Scleranthus.

2. Leafless, fleshy, jointed, seaside
kab ee A
3. Minute, floating, scale-like fronds . Lemna.

316 APPENDIX 1

4. Minute tufted herb, with alternate
subulate leaves. . . . . . . Alepyrum.

IL DIANDRIA. Stamens 2, in the same flower as the
pistil.
1. Calyx inferior or none.
A. Dichlamydeous.
1. Floating herb, with bladders . Utricularia.

Calceolaria.
2. Shrubs or herbs. Cretei
N.O. Scrophularinee. m
Limosella.
Veronica.
B. Monochlamydeous.
1. Trees with 2-celled ovary and
opposite leaves a- Vea.
2. Shrubs or herbs with tough
bark. Ovary l-celled . . . Pimela.
3. Small tufted herb. (Monocoty-
ledono) . o. ee ommardın.
4, Erect herbs. Alternate leaves
and green flowers . . . . Chenopodium.

C. Achlamydeous.
1. Herbaceous. Leaves opposite. Peperomia.
2. Shrubby. Leaves alternate . Paper.
2. Calyx superior (all herbs).

1. Flowers capitate . . . . .. Leana.
9. Flowers panicled . . . . . Gunnera.
3. Flower solitary. . . . . . Donatia.

See Lemna and Salicornia in Monandria.

TIT. TRIANDRIA.

À. Monocotyledonous.

: 1. Culms fistular, terete. . . . Graminee.
2. Stems solid, usually 3-angled . Cyperacee.
3. Antlers l-celled . . . . . Restiacee.
B. Dicotyledonous.
1. Creeping water herb . . . . Matine.
2. Tufted alpine herb. . . . . Donatia.
3. Erect broad-leaved herbs. . . Chenopodium.

IV. TETRANDRIA.
1. Calyx inferior.
A. Dichlamydeous.
a. Leaves opposite.
1. Corolla monopetalous, regu-
Pe... 2... Avicennia,

2, Corolla monopetalous, irre-
gular. Stamens included . Glossostigma.
3. Corolla monopetalous, irre-
gular. Stamens exserted . Mentha.
4. Corolla polypetalous. . . Tillea.
B. Leaves alternate.
1. Stamens opposite petals. . Suttonia.
2. Stamens on ovary . . . Passiflora.
3. Petals 4, and stamens free . Lepidium.
4. Herb with 4-lobed ovary . Myosotis.
5. Tree. Petals with scales . Sapota.
B. Monochlamydeous.

a. Leaves opposite (herbs) . . Colobanthus.
B. Leaves alternate.

1. Spmy shrub. ~ 20... Discaria.

2. Tufted small-leaved herbs . Drapetes.

3. Tall serrate-leaved tree . . Knightia.

4. Entire-leaved bush . . . Persoonia.

5. Herbs with green flowers . Chenopodium.

6. Water herbs . . . . . Potamogeton.

C. Achlamydeous.
1. Salt-water herb, with twisted
pwde 9 =... 4 kona
2. Calyx superior, adherent, (limb some-
times obsolete).
A. Dichlamydeous.
a. Leaves opposite.
+ Style 1. Stamens opposite
corolla lobes.
1. Corolla tubular . . . Loranthus.
2. Corolla deeply 4-cleft . Tupeta.
tt Styles 2. Stamens alternate
with corolla lobes.
le Herbs 2 2... NEO
2. Shrubs or trees =- . . Coprosma.
B. Leaves alternate.
1. Large-leaved tree. Petals 4 Botryodendron.
9. Bush. Corolla tubular. . Alsewosmia.
y. Leaves whorled.

1. Corolla rotate: - 2. Gollum:
9. Corolla funnel-shaped . . 4Asperula,
è Leaves Ona e dp . o Foum.
B. Monochlamydeous.
T Smal trees . 0 . e e . SUAU

2. Parasitic shrub . . . . . Zupeia.

V. PENTANDRIA.
stigma in Parsonsia).
1. Calyx inferior, free.
A. Dichlamydeous.
a. Leaves opposite.
* Corolla polypetalous.

Sepals 5. :
Sepals 9. Seeds 1-2
Sepals 2. Seeds many .

** Corolla monopetalous.
Climbing ; milky juice
Small under-shrub.
Erect shrub.

Herb. Stigmata 2
B. Leaves alternate.
* Corolla polypetalous.
$ Herbs.
+ Leaves all radical.
Leaves glandular
Leaves subulate .
TT Leaves cauline.
Styles free
Styles combined .
$ Shrubs or trees.
Leaves dotted
Capsule 2-valved

nective
Petals valvate
Berry 1-seeded .
Capsule 5-celled
** Corolla monopetalous.

Peduncles supra-axillary .
Stamens opposite petals .
. Epacridee.

Anthers 1-celled

Stamens alternate. Leaves

. Myoporum.

. Convolvulacee.
. Cuscuta.

glandular.
Capsule 4-seeded .
y. Leaves 0 :
B. Monochlamydeous.
a. Leaves opposite .
B. Leaves alternate.
Leaves all radical.
Spiny shrub
Capsule 2-valved .
VOL. II.

APPENDIX I.

Stamens 5, free (adherent to the

. Stellaria.
. Montia.

Claytonia.

. Parsonsia.
. Logania.

. Geniostoma.
Herb. Stigma 2-lobed .

Gentiana.

. Sebaa.

. Drosera.
. Myosurus.

. Linum.
. Stackhousia.

. Suttonia.

. Pittosporum.
Anthers with broadcon-

. Melicytus.

. Pennantia.

. Corynocarpus.
. Luerba.

Solanum.
Suttonia.

. Colobanthus.

. Myosurus.
. Discaria.
. Pittosporum.

Herbs
II. Calyx adherent, limb superior.

317

. Chenopodiez.

A. Dichlamydeous. (Leaves alternate.)

a. Petals many, valvate.

Shrub. Capsule many-seed-
==. i CI
Shrub. Fruit 2- or many-

ed
celled. Cells 1-seeded
l-seeded berry .

Herbs. Fruit 2-celled .
B. Petals many, imbricate .

y. Petals united (monopetalous).

Corolla regular.
Stamens opposite lobes
Stamens alt. with lobes
Corolla irregular.
Style simple
Style split
B. Monochlamydeous .

VI. HEXANDRIA.

I. Dicotyledonous.

Tree. Leaves very broad, alternate
. Stellaria.

Herbs. Leaves opposite .
Herbs. Stipules ochreate.
Perianth 4—5-parted

Perianth 6-parted
II. Monocotyledonous.
A. Perianth inferior.
a. Petaloid.
Climbing shrub
Herbs. Flowers solitary.
Leaves cauline, remote

. Araliacee.
Shrub. Fruit a 1-2-celled,

. Corokia.

. Umbellifere.
. Quintinia.

. Samolus.
. Alseuosmia.

. Goodenia.
. Pratia.

. Griselinia.

Botryodendron.

. Polygonum.
. Rumes.

. Ripogonum.

. Callizene.

Leaves radical . . Herpolirion.
Flowers racemose, yellow . Chrysobactron.
Flowers racemose, green,

herbaceous . . . Triglochin.
Flowers panicled, glabrous.

Capsule elongated . Phormium.
Flowers panicled. Capsule

rounded . . . Arthropodium.
Flowers panicled. Berry

round xe = Dianella.
Flowers panicled. Berry

lobed vou CONO.

4M

318 APPENDIX I.

Flowers chaffy or silky .. . Astelia.

8. Perianth 6-lobed, glumaceous.

. Astelia.
Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled . . Luzula.
Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. . Juncus.

B. Perianth superior.

Berry indehiscent

Flower solitary . . Hypoxis.

Flowers panicled . Libertia.

VII. HEPTANDRIA.

Tree, with broad opposite leaves . Pisonia,
VIII. OCTANDRIA.
I. Perianth inferior.
A. Carpels distinct; styles as many as carpels.
Carpels one- or few-seeded
Carpels many-seeded

. Drimys.

. Weinmannia.

B. Carpels solitary or consolidated ; style 1.
Herbs with opposite leaves . Stellaria.
Herbs with alternate leaves . Polygonum.
Shrub with opposite leaves . Melicope.

Tree with pinnate leaves . Alectryon.
Ii, Perianth superior.
Fruit a berry . . Fuchsia.

Fruit a 4-angled capsule . Epilobium.

Fruit indehiscent acheenia , . Myriophyllum,

IX., X. ENNEANDRIA AND DECANDRIA.

Perianth inferior in all.
A. Leaves opposite, simple.
Herbs. — 4 2. Stellanes
Shrubs. Carpels and styles dis-
imb. 2 0 Ca
Carpels and styles consolidated.

Corolla polypetalous . . Phebalium.
Corolla monopetalous . Gaultheria.
B. Leaves opposite, pinnate . . Ackama.

C. Leaves alternate.
. Edwardsia.
Leaves 3-foliolate . . . . Oxalis.

Leaves pinnate

Leaves simple, entire. A poly-
petalous tree . e Drimys.
Leaves simple, serrate. Mono-

petalous shrubs . Gaultheria.

Leaves simple, lobed. Herbs,
polypetalous . Geraniacee.

XL, XII. DODECANDRIA AND ÍCOSANDRIA.

I. Perianth inferior.
A. Pistils many, distinct.
Leaves compound, 3-5-nate . Rubus.
Leaves pinnate. Styles long . Geum.
Leaves pinnate. Styles short Potentilla.
B. Pistil solitary.
Trees o O. IESO plane:
Climber
IL. Perianth superior.

. Cassytha.

Shrubby. Leaves opposite,

doted =.) ._. ,_ NMyrtacoe.
Herb. Leaves opposite, fleshy { Keryan
themum.
XIII. POLYANDRIA.
A. Carpels distinct.
One-seeded. Styles short . Ranunculus.
One-seeded. Styles feathery . Clematis.

Many-sceded . ratia ae Caltha:
B. Carpels partially adherent
C. Carpels consolidated. Style 1.
Leaves opposite.
Drupe with 1-seeded putamen

. Hypericum.

. Eleocarpus.

Berry 2—4-celled . Aristotelea.
Leaves alternate. Capsule . Entelea.
XIV. DIDYNAMIA.
A. Capsule 2-celled : . Scrophularinee.
B, Fruit of 4 nuts, or 4-lobed.
Lip superior . . Labiate.
Lip inferior . . Verbenacee.

XV. TETRADYNAMIA.

A. Pod long, narrow, flat.
Valves with evident midrib . . Arabis.

Valves without evident midrib . Cardamine.
B. Pod long-narrow, tetragonous . . Barbarea.
C. Pod short-oblong, turgid . Nasturtium.

D. Pod short, obcordate, many-seeded Thlaspi.
E. Pod short, emarginate, 2-seeded

. Lepidium.

APPENDIX I. 319
XVI, XVIL, XVIII. Flowers umbellate.
MONADELPHIA, DIADELPHIA, AND POLYADELPHIA. Trees or shrubs . . Araliacee.
(Stamens with their filaments more or less united Plais A
into bundles.) Flowers not umbellate. :

A. Anthers l-celled. Stamens polyadelphous. ipeo : abies
Fruit a utricle - . Alternanthera. — eue en
Carpels many, many-seeded . . Hibiscus. p en a
Carpels many, l-seeded . . . Hoheria. a. Perianth po
Carpels one or few, 1-8-celled . Plagianthus. p opposite, e

B Abos ú-called. Tree. Stamens 6-10 . Pisonia.

a. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or herbs. Stam. 4-5 Urtica.
Stamens diadelphous . Leguminose. eo me ese
Stamens monadelphous . . Hartighsea. Leaves alternate.

Eh Leaves altemate mo $ Trees or shrubs.

y. Leaves opposite . . Hypericum. Leafless . + + Exocarpus.

ò Loaves ternate o Ol Fruit with broad wings . Dodonea.

Fruit in a compressed, 3-
XIX. SYNGENESIA. angled involucre . Fagus.

A. Flowers aggregated . Composite. Fruit an ovate drupe. . Zyophis.

B. Flowers solitary. $$ Herbs.

I. Polypetalous. Herbs. . . . Piola. Stamen 1 . Australina.

Polypetalous. Shrubs . . . Melicytus. Flowers involucrate, on a
IL Monopetalous. Leaves opposite Rhabdothamnus. fleshy receptacle . Elatostemma.
Leaves alternate. Flowers in a 2-4-leaved
Fruit capsular . . . . . Lobelia. involucre . - + Parietaria.
Fruit baceate. £9. . 0. -Colimana. Stam. and stigmas 2-5 . Chenopodice.
E brc B. Perianth superior.
Styles 2 . Coprosma.

Stamens 3-4. Filaments free. . . Passiflora. Style 1. . Tupeia.

Stamens 2. Filaments connate with TIT. Achlamydeous.

DE. 01-4 ae, Milky herbs . . Euphorbia.
Anthers 2, with no filaments ^. . . Orchidee. Trees and shrubs . . . . . Comifere.
Anthers 5. Climbing shrubs . Parsonsia. B. Monocotyledonous.

XXI. Monacta. Slender water-herb . - Zannichellia.

A. Dicotyledonous. Erect marsh-plant, with long cat-

I. Dichlamydeous. Abo o o o E

a. Perianth inferior, Erect marsh-plant, with globose
* Leaves opposite. heads of ovaries . - . Sparganium.
Pistils many = Coriaria. Scandent shrub, with long leaves Freycinetia.
Pistil one , » Orea. Erect palm, with pinnate leaves . Areca.
** Leaves alternate. Rush-like, almost leafless herbs . Calorophus.
Stamens opposite petals. . Suttonia,
Stamens alternate . . . Sapota, XXIL, XXIII. Drgcra AND POLYGAMIA.
B. Perianth superior. A. Dicotyledonous.
* Leaves opposite . . . . Coprosma. I. Calyx inferior.

** Leaves alternate,

* Leaves opposite,

320

APPENDIX IL

Climbing shrub . Clematis. Male flower in catkins . Trophis.
Parasitical shrub . . Tupeia. Herbs.
Aromatic tree . . Laurelia. Flowers on a fleshy recep-
Inodorous tree . Hedycarya. tade . . . . . . Hlatostemma.
Opposite-leaved herb . Ascarina. Flowers in small 2-4-
** Leaves alternate. leaved involucres . . Parietaria.
$ Compound, 3-5-nate . . Rubus. TI. Calyx superior.
$$ Simple. Anthers with valves Teíranthera. * Leaves opposite . . . . . Coprosma.
Shrubs or trees. ** Leaves whorled. . . . . Myriophyllum.
Stamens opposite valvate **%* Leaves alternate.
petals Pennantia. Flowers umbellate. Herbs . Umbellifere.
Stamens opposite imbri- Flowers umbellate. Shrubs . draliacee.
cate petals . . Suttonia. Wk Leaves none . . . . . Zeocanpus.
Stamens alternate with B. Monocotyledones.
valvate petals . Pittosporum. Perianth 6-parted . . . . . Astelia.
Petals 0. Stamens 5 or Flowers in catkins . . . . . Leptocarpus.
more . . Dodonea. Flowers bracteate . . . . . Calorophus.

APPENDIX II.

CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN AND OTHER PLANTS INTRODUCED INTO AND
NOW NATURALIZED IN NEW ZEALAND.

Tux following Catalogue has been suggested by the fact of there existing in many collections, plants which,
cither from being specified as naturalized, or from other causes, are supposed to be so prevalent, that the
unskilled collector would assume their being indigenous to the islands. The numbers of species thus trans-
ported (most of them from the antipodes) will be greatly increased with the progress of civilization, and
this to a greater extent than in many localities of similar temperature and latitude, because the humid,
equable, temperate climate of New Zealand, extending as it does 1100 miles from north to south, offers
many facilities for the propagation of species both of warmer and colder climates than its own. ‘This list,
however, has no pretensions to completeness, for hitherto the subject to which it refers has not occupied
the attention of any colonial botanists, and such alone are competent to work it out.

Fumaria parviflora, Lam.
Nasturtium officinale, Br. (Water-cre
Erysimum officinale, he:
Senebiera didyma, DC. .
Senebiera pinnatifida, DC...

2

NATIVE COUNTRY.

Europe (Britain).

Europe (Britain).

Burope (Britain).

Temperate South America. (Introduced into many countries.)
Europe, etc.

Alyssum maritimum, Willd. . .
Brassica, several species .
*Gypsophila tubulosa, Boiss.
Silene guinque-vulnera, L. .
Spergula arvensis, L.

Cerastium vulgatum, L. and others
Stellaria media, With.

Polycarpon tetraphyllum, L.

Erodium cicutarum, Sm.
Ervum gracile, DC. .
Guilandina Bonduc, L. .

Medicago denticulata, Willd.
Alchemilla arvensis, Sm.

Lythrum hyssopifolium, L. .
Opuntia vulgaris, Mill. .
Fedia olitoria, L.

Bidens pilosa, L.

Wollastonia biflora, DC.?
Siegesbeckia orientalis, L. .
Eclypta erecta, L.

Erigeron Canadensis, L.
Centaurea Ouleitrapa, L.
Lapsana pusilla, Willd. .
Taraxacum officinale, DC. .
Sonchus arvensis, L. So
TStylidium graminifolium, Sw.
Stylidium spathulatum, Br.

TEpaeris purpurascens, Br. .
Convolvulus chrysorhizus, Sol.
Plectranthus Australis, Br.
Mentha aguatica, Spr.
Solanum tuberosum, L. .
Physalis pubescens, Br. .
tHerpestes cuneifolia, Spr.

* See Supplement.

APPENDIX 1I. 321

NATIVE COUNTRY.

Europe, ete.

Europe (Britain).

Levant; also West Australia.

Europe (Britain, ete.).

Europe (Britain, etc.).

Europe (Britain, ete.).

Europe (Britain, etc.).

Bay of Islands, A. Gray in Bot. U. 8. Exp.—This is a very
widely diffused European, ete., plant.

Bay of Islands, A. Gray in Bot. U.S. Exp.

Europe.

East and West Indies, Pacific Islands, etc. —I have never seen
New Zealand specimens, and suspect some mistake. It is
introduced into the New Zealand Flora on the authority of
Forster.

Europe (Britain).

A native of Europe (Britain, etc.) —Wild in Australia, according
to Brown.

Europe (Britain).

West Indies.—Now introduced into all warm countries.

Europe (Britain).

North America, and thence introduced into various parts of the
world.

An Indian plant.

East Indies ; thence spread into many countries.

Common to many warm countries.

North America, and thence spread all over the world.

Europe (Britain).

Europe (Britain).

Europe (Britain).

Europe (Britain).

Australia and Tasmania.

Stated by A. Richard to have been collected at Tasman’s Bay by
D'Urville, but, I do not doubt, erroneously.

New South Wales.

Cultivated by the aborigines.

Bay of Islands, Raoul.—An Australian plant.

Bay of Islands. Europe (Britain).

South America. (Cultivated in New Zealand.)

South America, abundant; Bay of Islands.

A native of New Zealand, according to M. Raoul, but I suspect

some mistake.

T Both these plants are introduced upon the authority of very imperfect specimens sent by Dr. Sinclair as

having been said to be gathered near Auckland, where both were very rare indeed. See Supplement.

t I have so often found the Gratiola seadenta, A. C., to be taken for this plant, that I almost doubt its being

VOL El

really indigenous to New Zealand; it is, however, a very widely diffused plant.

4 N

Veronica officinalis, L.
Anagallis arvensis, L.
Plantago major, L.
Plantago lanceolata, L. .
Rumex crispus, L.

Rumex Acetosa, L.
Jatropha Curcas, L? . .
Poranthera ericifolia, Rudge
Euphorbia Helioscopia, L. .
Urtica urens, L.

Dioscorea alata, L.
Caladium esculentum, Willd.
Arum macrorhizon, L.
Avena sativa, L. .

Phalaris Canariensis, L. .
Digitaria sanguinalis, Scot. .
Poa annua, L.

Eleusine Zndica, Geertn.
Cynodon Dactylon, Pers.
Lolium temulentum, L.
Lolium perenne, L.

Anthoxanthum odoratum

APPENDIX II.

NATIVE COUNTRY.
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
South America.
New South Wales. (Auckland, Sinclair.)
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
Cultivated by the aborigines.
Cultivated in New Zealand, and elsewhere in warm climates.
Cultivated by the aborigines.
Europe, etc. (Britain, ete.)
Europe; naturalized in Britain.
Europe (Britain).
Europe (Britain).
India; introduced throughout warm countries.
India, ete., etc. ; introduced throughout warm climates,
Europe, ete. (Britain.)
Europe, ete. (Britain.)
Europe, etc. (Britain.)

A IN Te

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA.

VOLUME I.

(Page 6.) Clematis indivisa, Willd.

This plant has been stated (Steudel in Plant. Preiss.) to be a native of South-west Australia, upon evidence
that appears quite insufficient, namely, a comparison of leaves only; the stamens being absolutely essential to the
discrimination of species of this genus.

(Page 7.) Clematis hewasepala, DC. Var. rutefolia.

Additional specimens of this from Dr. Monro, collected in the neighbourhood of Nelson, rather confirm my
opinion of its being only a variety, though a well marked one on the whole; its leaflets are generally narrower than
those of C. hewasepala ; the flowers are identical.

Clematis fetida, Raoul. Var. 8? depauperata.

Mr. Colenso has sent specimens of this plant in fruit; these have minute tripartite and ternatisect leaves, evi-
dently in a very abnormal state, with leaflets of very various shapes; the carpels are small, very tomentose and
villous: it appears clearly an abnormal state of C. Jetida,

(Page 8.) After Ranunculus nivicola, add—

2 bis. Ranunculus Monroi, Hook. fil. ; scapigerus, sericeo-pilosus, foliis omnibus radicalibus crasse
petiolatis rotundato-cordatis grosse crenato-lobulatis coriaceis, scapo s. pedunculo glabro crasso erecto 2-8-
floro, floribus subcorymbosis, bracteis lineari-oblongis v. obovatis varie incisis, sepalis lineari-oblongis obtu-
sis glabris, petalis sub-8 aureis obcordatis supra basin fovea nectarifera instructis, antheris late oblongis,
carpellis perplurimis immaturis strictis in stylum erectum attenuatis 3-quetris v. sub-3-alatis.

Haz. Middle Island: summit of M‘Crae’s Run and Fairfield Downs, alt. 4000 feet, Monro. Fl.
Decemb.

A very distinct and pretty species, intermediate in habit and characters between the Auckland Island R. pin-
guis and R. nivicola.— Whole plant 5-8 inches high, more or less clothed with white soft silky hairs, especially on
the petioles. Rhizome very short, covered thickly with black persistent ragged leaf-sheaths, sending down many
thick long root-fibres. Leaves 3-8, all radical, 1-3 inches long, rounded, with a cordate base, coarsely crenate,
hairy on both surfaces, coriaceous and perhaps fleshy when fresh. Scape glabrous, twice as long as the leaves, naked
below, towards the top bearing 2-8 subcorymbose flowers. Peduncles 1-3 inches long, the lower with an oblong
or obovate variously cut bract at the base. Sepals glabrous or slightly pilose. Flowers 3-1 inch across. Petals
about eight, obcordate, with a deep nectarial pit above the base (as in R. nivicola). Carpels (young) very numerous,
ina globose head, glabrous, straight, with three narrow wings or keels, as in R. pinguis. Style straight.

(Page 9.) 3. Ranunculus geraniifolius, Hook. fil.
Add to habitats—Middle Island ; top of Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Monro.

324 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIZ.

The styles are trigonous, straight, compressed, the angles more or less produced downwards, upon the body of `
the carpel, which is hence sometimes ribbed.

4. Ranunculus plebeius, Br.
Asa Gray (Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 8) doubts this plant being the same as Drown's New Holland one, and

the question, on re-examination, appears to me still open to doubt; though, after a long and careful study, I can
find no characters to distinguish it beyond those indicated, and a more slender habit.

5. Ranunculus Žirtus, Banks et Sol.

Asa Gray (Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 7) says that he should have supposed this to be the R. acris of Richard
and Cunningham, but for my quoting that name under R. plebeius. There is no mistake in my reference, though
there may possibly have been a transposition of tickets in A. Cunningham’s Herbarium ; but this question can never
be settled. Dr. Monro has sent it from Wakefield, in the Middle Island.

6. Ranunculus multiscapus, Hook. fil.

Dr. Monro sends a large state of this from Aglionby Plains, with broad trifid or three-lobed leaves, and flowers
3 inch in diameter, in both single and many flowered scapes.

7. Ranunculus incisus, Hook. fil.

Numerous additional specimens of this plant do not resolve my doubts as to its specific distinctness from 2.
rivularis, of which it may be a terrestrial state; the styles of the achenia are, however, much longer. I have spe-
cimens from marshes in South Australia (Melbourne), gathered by F. Adamson, Esq.

(Page 12.) Drimys axillaris, Forster.
Add—Forst. Char. Gen. t. 42. Wintera, Forst. Prodr.

(Page 13.) After Cardamine divaricata, Hook. fil., add—
Gen. I*. ARABIS, 2.

Pod as in Cardamine, but with a more evident midrib on each valve.

Arabis? fastigiata, Hook. fil.; glaberrima, caulibus e rhizomate elongato robusto vestigiis foliorum
squarroso plurimis strictis erectis fastigiatis, ramis simplicibus ramulosisve, foliis radicalibus anguste
lineari- v. lanceolato-spathulatis obtusis acutisve grosse serratis petiolo lato, caulinis linearibus subserratis,
floribus subcorymbosis albis, sepalis oblongis obtusis pedicello brevioribus, petalis obovato-spathulatis longe
unguiculatis sepalis duplo longioribus, filamentis gracilibus, antheris late oblongis, stylo brevi, stigmate
capitato, siliqua gracili lineari acuminata stylo brevi stigmateque obtuso terminata, seminibus elongato-
obpyriformibus.

Has. Middle Island: highest part of M‘Crae’s Run, on rocks, Monro.

A very remarkable plant, resembling in habit the Cardamine radicata (Hook. fil. Ic. Plant. t. 882) of the Tas-
manian mountains. Owing to the immaturity of the pod, the genus is doubtful; but as the southern forms of Car-
damine and of Arabis (to one of which it belongs) are hardly generically distinct, this point is of less consequence.
The discoverer says that only three or four specimens were seen, growing out of a rock, and that they had a strong
odour of turnips.— Rhizome 2-4 inches long, as thick as the little finger, spongy, covered with the spreading squar-
rose old persistent petioles. Branches very many, ten and more, from the summit of the rhizome, strict, erect, or
spreading a little, leafy, all flowering, a span long, slender, some simple, others a little branched. Radical leaves
1-3 inches long, 4—4 inch broad, thick, rather fleshy, narrow, linear-spathulate or lanceolate, sharp or blunt, coarsely
serrate, on broad petioles; cauline leaves smaller, less toothed or quite entire. Flowers white, in many-flowered
corymbs, on slender pedicels. Sepals pale green, nerved, oblong, blunt. Petals 4 inch long, spathulate, on long
claws, white, blunt. Stamens with slender filaments and broad anthers. Pods suberect, thirty to forty on each

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA. 323

inflorescence, 13 inch long, 4 inch broad, linear, straight (rarely curved), with short apices, short styles, and small
blunt stigmas. Valves plane, with a distinct medial nerve; replum hyaline, with an obscure medial nerve. Seeds

narrow pyriform, with elongated apices, attached by long, slender, free cords ; testa reticulate.

(Page 15.) After Lepidium incisum, Hook. fil., add—
Gen. V. THLASPL Z.

Pods as in Lepidium, but many-seeded. Seeds with accumbent cotyledons.

1. Thlaspi? australe, Hook. fil. ; humilis, glaberrima v. pilis brevibus albidis conspersis, foliosa, caule
simplici v. radice multicipiti, foliis radicalibus elongato-spathulatis lanceolatis ovatisve integerrimis v. crenatis
crassis caulinis angustioribus, floribus majusculis dense subcorymboso-capitatis pedicellis crassis, sepalis basi
zqualibus oblongis obtusis petalis spathulatis dimidio brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus, antheris lineari-
oblongis, ovario obovato v. subobcordato, stylo crasso, stigmate capitato, silicula obcordata, valvis profunde
cymbiformibus dorso late alatis, septo angusto, ovulis perplurimis funiculis liberis capillaribus, seminibus '
(immaturis) rotundatis.

Has. Middle Island: Gordon's Nob; mountains behind Nelson and Upper Wairau, on talcose
gravel, alt. 4000 ped., Monro. (Fl. Dec. Jan.)

A small, apparently fleshy herbaceous annual?, 1-4 inches high, of which I have no ripe fruit; it is extremely
variable in habit, but cannot be confounded with any other known plant of the Order.—Root a very long, slender,
simple or branched tap, bearing one or more stems that are simple or branched at the base. Leaves, stems, pedicels,
and sepals perfectly glabrous, or with a few scattered, soft, white, short hairs. Radical leaves few, or many and
rosulate, ¿-1 inch long, petiole broad, flat, gradually dilating into a lanceolate, oblong, or broadly ovate, blunt,
entire, or crenate lamina; cauline few or many, broad or narrow. Flowers white, collected into a many-flowered,
dense corymb, which is sometimes effuse from the flower-stalks being 4—4 inch long. Sepals erect, equal at the
base. Petals white, spathulate, 1-1 inch long. Pods broadly obovate or obcordate, flattened, + inch long with the
stout straight style. Valves boat-shaped, laterally compressed, with a broad flat nerved wing. Replum very narrow,
hyaline, nerveless. Seeds small, rounded and kidney-shaped, attached by slender free cords.—I much regret that
the seeds of this curious little plant are so immature that I cannot determine the position of the radicle, and hence
ascertain the genus, which I have considered provisionally to be Thlaspi.

(Page 16.) Viola Cunninghamii, Hook. fil., ascends to an elevation of 4000 fect on the mountains
of the Middle Island, Monro.
(Page 22.) Pittosporum crenulatum, Putterlich, Syn. Pittosp. ex Walp. Rep. v.1. p. 253.

This is a plant mentioned by Putterlich as a native of New Zealand; it appears to agree in general characters
with P. pimeleoides, but I never saw that plant (or any other species) to have the minutely crenulated leaves attri-
buted to P. crenulatum by the above-named author.

5. Pittosporum eugenioides, A. Cunn.

Putterlich, 1.c., quotes this species as a synonym of P. umbellatum, Banks et Sol. (see Asa Gray, Bot. U. S.
Expl. Exped. p. 233), doubtless through some accidental error or transposition of tickets; for his description of
r microcarpum, Putt., quite agrees with P. eugenioides, A. Cunn., and he quotes P. umbellatum, A. Cunn. (non B.
et S) as a synonym of it (microcarpum). I have a specimen of P. eugenioides from R. Cunningham, ticketed
" Pomaderris microcarpa,” which possibly suggested the specific name.

(Page 25.) Before Stellaria insert, under CARYOPHYLLEA—

GYPSOPHILA.

1. Gypsophila tudulosa, Boiss.; parvula, annua ?, hispidulo-pilosa et glandulosa v. glabrata, caulibus
VOL, IL. 40

326 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA.

subsimplicibus v. pluries dichotome ramosis suberectis, foliis rigidis subulatis vix acutis, pedicellis axillari-
bus, floriferis erectis gracilibus foliis longioribus, fructiferis divergentibus, calyce tubuloso basi angustato
breviter 5-dentato membranaceo costis 5 herbaceis, petalis linearibus retusis v. bifidis calyce duplo longiori-
bus, capsule apice 5-valvi, valvis exsertis, seminibus transverse rugosis grosse impresso-punctatis pallide
brunneis.—Boiss. Diagn. Plant. Orient.

Haz. Northern Island: East coast, Hawkes’ Bay, etc., Colenso.

This curious little plant has repeatedly been a subject of study by me. On first receiving a small specimen
from Colenso, I was inclined to suppose that it was an escape from some garden, or was introduced in some manner
into the island. I have, however, since then, not only received it repeatedly from Colenso, but also find it in Drum-
mond’s West Australian collection. Originally the plant was brought from Caria, and from the Meander River and
Adramyttian Gulf, near Troy, where no doubt it is indigenous, and whether also in the southern continent must be
the subject of future investigation. Meanwhile, there is no doubt of the specific identity of the New Zealand and

- Levant plants.—The genus Gypsophila, which is a large European and Oriental one, may be recognized by its tu-
bular calyx from the other New Zealand Caryophyllee. The present species is a little, stiff, erect, wiry, pubescent
or hispid plant, 2-4 inches high, dichotomously branched, with subulate leaves and insignificant flowers on slen-
der pedicels, and with narrow rose-coloured petals.

(Page 26.) For 4. Stel/aria sp.? insert —

4. Stellaria gracilenta, Hook. fil.; gracilis, nodosa, caulibus rigidis teretibus filiformibus puberulis,
folis parvis fasciculatis internodiis brevioribus subulatis glabris dorso (ob margines ad costam recurvas)
canaliculatis, pedunculis solitariis terminalibus elongatis 1-2-floris medio bibracteolatis, sepalis oblongis
acutis 3-nerviis, petalis bipartitis, capsule valvis sepalis longioribus.

Has. Middle Island: Nelson, Bidwill. Manuka Island, Monro.

A remarkably distinct species, of which I had very indifferent specimens, noticed in the body of this work as
being in fruit only, and which I consequently thought it unadvisable to name. Since then Dr. Monro has sent
small specimens in flower, but not a full enough series of them to enable me to describe its characters as broadly as
is desirable. It is allied to the Tasmanian 7. angustifolia, but has much more rigid wiry stems, smaller leaves, and
all the nodes are proliferous, having very short leafy branches, which give the stem the appearance of bearing
tufts of leaves along its whole length.—S/ems very slender, 2-6 inches long, terete, pubescent. Leaves in pairs,
about 4 inch asunder, each pair with an abbreviated branch in their axil, perfectly glabrous, subulate, rigid,
curved, the margins revolute to the midrib. Flowers on long, slender, erect, terminal peduncles, that bear two
minute bracts about the middle, about 4 inch in diameter. Sepals linear-oblong, acute, three-nerved, with broad
scarious margins. Petals two, cleft to the base, half longer than the sepals.. Stamens ten, inserted in a five-lobed
fleshy disc. Ovary broadly ovoid. Styles three. Capsule six-cleft ; valves short, blunt, protruded beyond the sepals.

(Page 31.) Hoheria Zyallii, Hook. fil.

Asa Gray, in the ‘Botany of the U.S. Exploring Expedition,’ p. 180, points out an important error in plate
xi., figs. 4-6, where the radicle is wrongly represented as superior and dorsal in reference to the carpel. Dr. Gray
further considers that this plant should be removed from Hoheria and referred to Plagianthus, along with two Tas-
manian species of Sida (S. pulchella and $. Tasmanica), these plants only differing from one another generically in
the number of carpels, which are reduced to one in ‚Pl. sidoides. Dr. Gray further remarks that the stigmas of H.
populnea are terminal, those of H. Lyallii introrse and terminal. The latter plant will henceforth, if this opinion be
confirmed, bear the name of Plagianthus Lyallii, Asa Gray (Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. 1. c.).

(Page 35.) Pennantia Endlicheri, Reiss, which has been mentioned as a New Zealand plant, is not
so, but a native of Norfolk Island.
(Page 36.) Hypericum gramineum, Vorst.

~

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVÆ-ZELANDIÆ. 32

Add to the synonyms—Brathys Forsterii, Spach, in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. ii. v. 5. p. 367.

(Page 38.) Hartighsea.

I quote entire the following just criticism of my friend Asa Gray (Botany of the U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 239),
together with his foot-note on the origin of the name. “Dr. Hooker has overlooked Mr. Bennett’s remark Gn PL
“ Jav. Rar. p. 170), that this is not a true species of Hartighsea, but differs from the true species . . . in the
“entire want of cohesion between the petals and the staminal tube, and consequently of the petals inter se (not-
“ withstanding the description given by Forster), and in several other characters of minor importance. He has,
‘< moreover, conformed the generic character to the exception ; the phrase, ‘petala basi cum tubo stamineo obscure
“ coalita, being inapplicable to the typical H. Fraseriana, in which the cohesion extends to the middle of the sta-
“minal tube. I have not seen that species, nor does its fruit appear to be known ; but, except in its shorter tubu-
“ lar disc, it seems to differ in no essential particular from the older genus Didymochiton, to which I should con-
“ fidently refer H. Forsteri, Juss., along with a species in the present collection (Herb. US. ExpL Exp). E
“this view were adopted, the name of Hartighsea might be retained for H. spectabilis and H. Billardiert.—The.
“ genus was not named after G. L. Hartig (who was, moreover, a German, not a * French’ author), but in honour
“of a Dutch navigator, whose name, though not given by Jussieu, must have been Hartighs or Hartighse.” —
4. Gray, l.c.

(Page 46.) 3. Pomaderris.

T have received another specimen of this plant from Mr. Joliffe, who collected it at Mercury Bay, but it is also
Without flower or fruit. This, however, settles the question as to its being indigenous to New Zealand.

(Page 50.) Carmicheelia, Br.

I have received many forms of Carmichelie from Mr. Colenso, Dr. Monro, and others, and they certainly do
not tend to clear up the difficulty of discriminating the species, but rather complicate them, several of these being
intermediate between those already defined. The whole genus requires careful revision in New Zealand, and a judi-
cious selection of ticketed specimens from the same and different individuals at many different localities, various
periods of growth, different seasons of the year, etc. Their habits and variations should also be watched narrowly
in a growing state.

(Page 52.) Edwardsia grandiflora, Salisb.

I have omitted to state under this plant that the flowers vary in size as conspicuously as the foliage does.

E. myriophylla, Wenderoth in Linnea, v. 5. p. 201; Walp. Rep. v. 1. p. 806, is a trifling variety of Z. gran-
diflora, or rather a very common state of that plant.

(Page 54.) Acæna Sanguisorbe, Vahl.

Add to the synonyms—4. diandrum, Forst. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor, Raoul, En. Plant. Nov. Zeald.

Acena inermis, Hook. fil.

Has. Middle Island: Upper Wairau and Lake Rotuita, Nelson, Monro.

I have also received from Dr. Monro specimens, in a very young state, of what may prove to be the 4cena
ascendens, Vahl, of Auckland Island, Fuegia, ete. "They were collected on the mountains south of Nelson by a
shepherd, at Dr. Monro's request.—I find only two stamens in the buds, and an elongated stigma. The whole
plant is much more glabrous and more robust than 4. Sanguisorbe.

(Page 55.) Geum.

I have had two opportunities of reconsidering this genus since describing the New Zealand species; one when
examining the Himalayan forms, and now again, when determining some additional specimens from New Zealand.
The result is far from satisfactory. With regard to the common Tasmanian and New Zealand plant referred to G.
Magellanicum, Y have no further observations to make, except that Iam happy to find that Asa Gray (Bot. U.S.

328 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIZ.

Expl. Exp. p. 501) approves of the union of the species quoted under it as synonyms, and adds, that consistently
with this view, the name G. strictum, Ait., should be preferred ; in which I agree.

As regards G. parvifforum, Comm., I am still in difficulty. Dr. Monro has sent me specimens in flower of
what is clearly my Sieversia (Geum ?) albiflora of Auckland Island, though it has orbicular petals and villous car-
pels with uncinate apices. This appears in most respects absolutely identical, except in the rather larger flower,
with a plant from the Patagonian Andes (collected by W. Lobb), which is in flower, and has also the young fruit of
a Geum, but which appears to have yellow flowers. Mr. Colenso’s specimens from the Northern Island are more
villous and more densely leafy, but otherwise identical with Dr. Monro’s, and are apparently white-flowered ; but
neither are these in fruit. Lastly, I have a much larger plant in ripe fruit from Dr. Lyall (collected in Milford
Sound, and alluded to under G. Magellanicum), which may be a large state of this ; and if so, it presents good cha-
racters in the acheenia, which are strict, narrow, linear-lanceolate, villous, with long soft hairs, and are gradually
narrowed into a slender, strict, subulate style, with a short hook at its apex. Should Dr. Lyall’s, my Auckland
Island plant, Dr. Monro's, and Mr. Colenso’s, prove one and the same, and different from the South American
species, the name Geum albiflorum is most applicable.

(Page 58.) After Epilobium macropus insert—

3 dis. Epilobium brevipes, Hook. fil.; glaberrimum, crassiusculum, caule procumbente lignoso tereti,
ramis breviusculis ascendentibus confertim foliosis teretibus cortice rubro v. atro, foliis (4-3 unc.) omnibus
oppositis patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis v. lineari-oblongis subobtusis obscure denticulatis marginatis cras-
sis aveniis utrinque concoloribus v. subtus petiolisque elongatis subroseis, pedunculis brevibus axillaribus
capsulisque foliis subduplo longioribus gracilibus glaberrimis, sepalis petalis paullo brevioribus linearibus
acutis, petalis pallidis bifidis, stylo gracili clavato.

Has. Middle Island : Kaikora Mountains, south of Nelson ; alt. about 2—4000 feet, Macdonald.

An exceedingly handsome plant of its size, allied to E. macropus, but very much more robust, with nearly en-
tire crowded leaves, longer petioles, very short peduncles, and smaller flowers. Everywhere perfectly glabrous and
polished.—Stems straggling, woody, as thick as a crow-quill; bark black. Branches 4 inches long, also black, or
fine red-purple, ascending, rather crowded. Leaves crowded, all opposite, spreading, linear or oblong-lanceolate,
rather blunt, or narrowed into a slender red petiole, nerveless, upper surface green, under the same colour, or
reddish. Flowers few, in the upper axils; peduncles short. Ovaries and ripe capsules slender, curved, 1% inch
long. Flowers pale. Sepals red, narrow. Petals about 1-1 inch long, bifid for one-fourth the way down. Stigma
clavate.—I have four good specimens of this: had 1 forty, I should probably have to modify the above characters.
The student must allow for considerable variations.

3 ter. Epilobium crassum, Hook. fil.; glaberrimum, crassum, coriaceum, depressum, caule robusto
repente brevissimo dense folioso, folus (1 unc. longis) confertis subcarnosis suberectis oppositis ovato- v. spa-
thulato-oblongis obtusis marginatis subintegerrimis aveniis costa obscura in petiolum brevem crassum an-
gustatis, floribus paucis, ovariis (immaturis) crassiusculis breve v. longius pedunculatis, floribus majusculis,
petalis purpureis, sepalis lineari-ovatis $ longioribus.

Has. Middle Island: top of M‘Crae’s Run, 4000 feet, Nelson, Monro. (Fl. Dec.)

A very singular species, allied to the preceding. I have only four good specimens, and consequently allowance
must be made for deviations from the descriptions. No species is comparable with this for the short, stout, fleshy
habit, its dense foliage, which is large for its size, and also rather large flowers.—Everywhere quite glabrous. Stems
2-4 inches long, nearly as thick as a goose-quill, creeping, sending down thick fleshy fibres. Leaves opposite,
densely crowded, about an inch long, fleshy, nerveless, almost quite entire, or remotely obscurely denticulate, spa-
thulate, blunt, with a thick margin, green, more or less suffused with red-purple, especially below. Peduncles axil-

lary, few, stout, short or long, old ones apparently elongated. Ovaries about twice as long as the upper leaves, ro-

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDLA. 329

bust, quite glabrous. Flowers fully 2 inch long ; sepals narrow, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute, one-third shorter
than the rosy petals, which are bifid one-third down. Stigma clavate.

Epilobium confertum, A. Cunn., Prodr., and

Epilobium haloragifolium, A. C., l. c.,

Are both omitted in this work. I believe the former to be Z. junceum, and the latter E. alsinoides, but I found
it impossible in all cases to identify the tips of branches, upon which Cunningham had sometimes founded his spe-
cies of this most difficult and protean genus. I have examined large suites of New Zealand specimens since the
publication of this Flora, and find the arrangement and limitation of the species I have proposed to hold good.

(Page 63.) Haloragis tenella, Brong.

Asa Gray (Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 626) refers this to H. micrantha, Gray (Goniocarpus micranthus, Thunb.),
a native of Japan; he also notices that it is the Haloragis tenella of Brongniart (not Goniocarpus, as I have mis-
quoted it), and further, that it is not the @. Zenellus, DC. Dr. Monro has sent specimens from Nelson.

(Page 71.) After Myrtus bullata, insert—

2. Myrtus Ralphii, Hook. fil.; arbuscula, ramis ramulis petiolis pedunculisque puberulis, foliis late
ellipticis obtusis acutisve planis glaberrimis v. secus costam puberulis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis 1 -floris
folio brevioribus, floribus tetrameris, bacca globosa.

Has. Northern Island: woods at Wellington, Ralph. Forests near the East Coast, Colenso.

Very nearly allied to M. bullata, but with narrower, less coriaceous, flat leaves, and smaller flowers; the pe-
duncles are one-flowered, but frequently have two small scars beneath the flower.

(Page 72.) Sicyos angulatus, L.

Gray (Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped.) remarks, that the male flower and fruit of S. australis are only half the size of
those of S. angulatus; but in all my New Zealand specimens the male flowers and fruit are quite as large as in any
American ones of S. angulatus, and larger than in many. I therefore still believe these species (angulatus and aus-
tralis) to be the same.

(Page 74.) Mniarum fasciculatum, Br., Prodr. Raoul, p. 48.

Has. New Zealand, Raoul.

This, which is a Tasmanian plant, appears to have been found at Akaroa, in the Middle Island, by M. Raoul;
it is very closely allied to M. biflorus (Scleranthus, mihi), and should, with it, be referred to Scleranthus. It is dis-
tinguished by the pubescent branchlets, leaves toothed along the whole margin, and short fruiting peduncles.

(Page 77.) Tetragonia, Z.

There are probably two species of this genus in New Zealand, but I cannot satisfactorily define them from dried
specimens ; one seems to be considerably larger than the other. Possibly the smaller one is the Zetragonella im-
plexicoma, Miquel, of the Australian coasts, a genus that does not appear to differ sufficiently from Tetragonia; and
the larger, the true 7. expansa, Sol, De Candolle, (Plantes Grasses, t. 114; Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf.; Z,
oleracea, Forst, Prodr.)

(Page 79.) Ackama roscfolia.

Gray (Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 671) gives a detailed accurate description of this plant, pointing out that I
have described imperfect seeds, and referring the genus to a section of Weinmannia. The same able botanist appears
to doubt my correctness in describing the calyx as valvate, which, however, it most decidedly is.

(Page 88.) Aciphylla sguarrosa, Forst.
Dr. Monro sends the varieties a and B as states of one species, remarking that that which I described as var. B.

latifolia, is the « Spear Grass" and “Wild Spaniard" of settlers, and that at Fairfield Downs it is extremely
VOL. IR. 4 P

330 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA,

abundant, forming a barrier impenetrable to sheep and horses. It does not grow below 2000 feet elevation. The
var. a. angustifolia is smaller, and grows at lower levels. Dr. Monro alludes to another form as growing at a still
lower level, 1000 feet above the sea, and having a flowering stem 6-8 feet high. This latter is no doubt Forster’s
original plant, and is certainly that described by myself as the same with the above. My own impression is, that
if there are two species, they will correspond to the varieties a and £, viz. with broad and narrow leaflets.

(Page 88.) After Aciphylla squarrosa, insert—

3. Aciphylla Monroi, Hook. fil.; foliis redicalibus basi vestigiis vetustis vaginarum dense obtectis
lanceolatis oblongo-lanceolatisve bipinnatis coriaceis, pinnis 6-8-jugis, pinnulis paucijugis lineari-lanceolatis
acuminatis pungentibus striatis, petiolo supra basin ad vaginam et ad basin pinnarum articulato, articulo
ad basin petioli utrinque foliolo subulato aucto, caule superne subdivaricatim ramoso, ramis basi bractea
patente interdum pinnata lineari pungente suffultis, umbellis compositis, involucellis radiantibus radiis
exterioribus longioribus, floribus parvis, 9 calycis dentibus 5 insequalibus, petalis obovato-oblongis acutis
incurvis costa crassa carinatis, staminibus incurvis, stylopodiis pulvinatis, stylis 0.

Has. Middle Island: summit of M‘Crae’s Run, alt. 4500 ped., Nelson, Monro. Fl. Dec.

A very remarkable species, apparently quite distinct from 4. squarrosa, but these Umbellifera are extremely
deceptive. A very similar plant, if not the same species, has been sent from Mount Buller, Victoria (Australia), by
Dr. Ferd. Müller, as Anisotome glacialis, F. M., but this is in fruit only, and appears to differ from the New Zea-
land plant in the much larger size, short petioles, and different involucres on the inflorescence. Dr. Monro's speci-
mens are in flower only.—Séem very stout at the base, densely covered with dry withered remains of old foliage.
Leaves 8— inches long, oblong, bipinnate; pinnules 1-14 inch long, flat, very coriaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, pungent, with cartilaginous margins. Flowering stem 6 inches high. Umbels on alternate short branches
of the stem, each subtended by a linear involucral leaf 1-2 inches long, which is the semiamplexicaul sheath of a
leaf that sometimes bears a few pinnules. Flowers small, in small dense-flowered compound umbels, the latter sub-
tended by radiating subulate partial involucres.

(Page 88.) Anisotome, Hook. fil.

Dr. Monro sends a solitary specimen of a small species of this genus, not in flower, from the mountains around
Nelson, which appears very different from any described. The specimen, probably a seedling plant, is ouly five inches
high. Two leaves are present, with broadly reniform, rotundate, or orbicular laminee, ternately decompound into

subulate segments. It is apparently allied to the Auckland Island 4. antipoda, Hook. fil., and belongs to the sec-
tion with compound radical leaves.

(Page 90.) Eustylis.

The name Zustylis has, I am informed by Dr. Asa Gray, been preoccupied by a genus of Jridee; and that
of Anisotome is almost rendered invalid by that of Anisotoma, Fenzl. (in Linnea, 1843, vol. xvii. p. 330), a genus
of Asclepiadee. As, however, all will probably merge into Aciphylia, Forster, the present nomenclature may stand
provisionally.

(Page 93.) Panax simplex, Forst.

The leaves, which I have described as coarsely serrate, are sometimes only lobed along the margin, or almost
entire. Asa Gray mentions the young leaves as occasionally opposite.

This plant, together with P. arboreum, Gray suggests may be referable to Hedera, to which genus he refers
Aralia crassifolia, A. Lessoni, and perhaps others of the New Zealand Araliacee. The Natural Order is, I am happy
to find, about to undergo a complete revision by MM. Decaisne and Planchon.

(Page 95.) Aralia polaris.

Asa Gray establishes the genus Stilbocarpa (which I have suggested, p. 95) for this plant, founding it on the
imbricate petals and the acetabuliform fruit. I have stated that the petals “seem hardly valvate,” which Asa Gray

-—

€

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIZ. 331

supposes to imply a doubt on my part. The expression is a bad one; but I intended by it to say, that the petals
were neither exactly imbricate nor valvate, but intermediate in character; the fact is that they appear much more
strongly imbricate in dried specimens than in living ones.

(Page 100.) Loranthus favidus, Hook. fil.

Add to habitat—Middle Island; Nelson, Ray's Valley, on Fagus Solandri, Monro.

(Page 105.) Coprosma fetidissima, Forst.

Raoul refers Forster's C. pusilla to A. Richard’s C. repens, which latter I have doubtfully referred to C. fæti-
dissima. e

(Page 110.) Coprosma macrocarpa, Hook. fil.

This plant, which I have stated to be only a few inches high, attains, according to Mr. Colenso, eight to ten
feet.

(Page 112.) Nertera dichondrefolia, Hook. fil.
This is the N. gracilis of Raoul (in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844. p. 121), a plant which, as pointed out by himself in

the * Choix de Plantes,’ is identical with Geophila dichondrefolia, A. O., but which synonym I omitted to quote in
the body of this work.

(Page 114.) Asperula perpusilla : add—
Has. Middle Island: Upper Motucka, Monro.

(Page 115.) Olearia.

Olearia insignis, Hook. fil.; ramulis petiolis foliis subtus pedunculis involucrisque dense albo-tomen-
tosis, foliis crassis oblongis supra nitidis integerrimis, petiolis basi vaginantibus, pedunculo terminali soli-
tario elongato crasso, capitulo magno, involucri pluriseriati foliolis exterioribus majoribus oblongis obtusis
interioribus perplurimis linearibus aristato-acuminatis, pappi setis exterioribus brevibus insequalibus, inte-
rioribus «equilongis apice incrassatis, achenio sericeo.

Has. Middle Island: banks of Waihopai River, Nelson, on dry, rocky ground, Monro. (Fl. Jan.)

A very fine species, and quite different from any hitherto described. I have only the termination of a branch,
with two leaves and a capitulum, and so cannot frame a character that will include varieties.— Young branches very
stout, and, as well as the petioles, under surface of leaves, peduncle, and involucre, covered with a dense compact
tomentum. Leaves very coriaceous, 5 inches long, 24 broad, oblong, rounded at both ends, quite entire, glossy
above and pubescent along the midrib. Petiole robust, plane or channelled above, 1 inch long, dilated at the base.
Peduncle terminal, as long as the leaf (but probably variable), very stout, solitary, one-flowered. Capitulum broadly
campanulate, 13 inch broad; scales very numerous, lower oblong, blunt ; upper small, acuminate, with hair-like,
somewhat recurved points. Florets white, those of the circumference in one row, with narrow ligule. Inner hairs
of pappus few, long, club-shaped at the tip. Achenium silky, very long and narrow.

(Page 121.) Celmisia coriacea, Hook. fil.

I omitted to introduce under the synonyms——Aster coriaceus, Forst. Prodr. A. Rich. Flor. A. Cunn. Prodr.
ete. J originally referred both this plant and Aster holosericeus to Celmisia in the ‘ Flora Antarctica,’ vol. i. p. 36.
Dr. Monro sends specimens from the Rotuiti Lake and elsewhere, and remarks that it is called “ Leather-plant” by
the colonists,

(Page 123.) Celmisia incana, Hook. fil. : add—

Has. Gordon’s Nob, and top of M‘Crae’s Run, growing in dense tufts at 5000 feet elevation, Monro.

(Page 123.) Add at the end of $ b. of Celmisia—

T. Celmisia Jaricifolia, Hook. fil.; parvula, caule ascendente subelongato folioso, foliis perplurimis

332 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA.

dense confertis erectis v. patenti-recurvis anguste lineari-subulatis setoso-acuminatis supra glaberrimis sub-
tus incano-tomentosis marginibus recurvis, scapo araneoso, bracteis paucis subulatis, capitulo parvo, invo-
lucri conici squamis subulatis erectis dorso araneo-pilosis marginibus membranaceis glabris, floribus disci
stigmatibus valde hispidis, acheniis setosis.

Has. Middle Island: Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Monro.

À very remarkable little species, much the smallest of the genus hitherto discovered, and well characterized by
the stems being covered densely with narrow, almost subulate, erect or spreading, sharp-pointed leaves, about 3
inch long, and 3 line broad; they are glabrous above, densely covered with white tomentum beneath. Scape slen-
der, 3-4 inches long, loosely covered with floccose wool. Bracts few, scattered, very narrow. Capitulum + inch.
long; involucre conical; florets purple ?—I have only seen two specimens. :

(Page 184.) To Ozothamnus add—

4. Ozothamnus coralloides, Hook. fil.; densissime ceespitosa, ramis brevibus crassis ob folia brevia
densissime et arctissime imbricata quasi tuberculatis inter folia lanatis, foliis concavis late oblongis obtusis
basi membranaceis apice crasse coriaceis nitidis dorso convexis basi marginibus et pagina superiore molliter
lanatis, capitulis inter folia summa obtectis solitariis terminalibus.

Has. Middle Island: Kaikora mountains, ‘Donald (Monro).

This, which is one of the most remarkable plants in New Zealand, was, together with the following, collected
by Roderick M*Donald, a shepherd, for Dr. Monro, upon the Kaikora Mountains, south of Nelson. It appears from
its habit to form dense, probably hemispherical, masses on the ground, and bears inconspicuous, terminal, solitary,
sessile capitula, which are hidden amongst the leaves. There can, I think, be little doubt of its belonging to Ozo-
thamnus, being closely allied to the following plant and to O. microphyllus.—Branches cylindrical, as thick as the
little finger, densely tubercled with the closely imbricating, shining, knob-like apices of the leaves. Leaves oblong,
blunt, + inch long; lower part membranous, upper very coriaceous and shining; upper surface densely clothed with

long, soft, white wool.

5. Ozothamnus Seago, Hook. fil. ; depressus, caule crasso confertim ramoso, ramis ramulisque cæspi-
tosis inter folia lanatis foliis brevibus appressis arctissime multifariam imbricatis tectis, foliis late ovatis ob-
tusis concavis basi membranaceis apice coriaceis pagina superiore dense molliter lanatis dorso subcarinatis
infra apicem sepissime plaga ovata notatis, capitulis solitariis terminalibus inter folia nidulantibus, involucri
squamis paucis, interioribus capitulo longioribus anguste linearibus incurvis acutis scariosis parce pilosis,
floribus foemineis ambitu paucissimis.

Haz. With 0. coralloides, Monro.

This species closely resembles the O. microphyllus, but differs in the shorter, stouter branches, carinate, larger
leaves, much smaller capitula, sunk amongst the upper leaves, and the fewer, narrower, longer, inucrved involucral
scales.

(Page 135.) Raoulia glabra, Hook. fil.

In the specific description, for “involucri squamis interioribus,” read “exterioribus.”

(Page 136.) Raoulia subsericea, Hook. fil. : add—

Haz. Wellington, Col. Bolton. Middle Island: Upper Wairau Valley, and Aglionby Plains, Monro.

Raoulia grandiflora, Hook. fil. : add—
Has. Middle Island: summit of Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Monro.

6. Raoulia Dryoides, Hook. fil. ;-densissime ceespitosa, incano-tomentosa, ramulis cylindraceis obtusis,
foliis minimis erecto-patentibus arcte multifariam imbricatis lineari-cuneatis infra apicem glaberrimis sub-

|

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA. 333

membranaceis apice subtriangulari superne dense sericeo-hispidulis dorso marginibusque longissime lanatis,
involucri squamis 2-8 seriebus radiantibus albis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, achentis hispidis.

Has. Middle Island: summit of Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Monro.

A very remarkable little species, excessively densely congested into hard round masses, but probably, like Z.
australis, variable in this respect, in which case it will come very near A. subsericea, differing in the much smaller
and differently shaped leaves, as also in the very much smaller capitula. The whole plant resembles a Moss, and is

an exceedingly distinct species.

` (Page 137.) Gnaphalium prostratum, Hook. fil.: add—
Haz. Middle Island: Upper Wairau valley, Nelson, Monro.
(Page 189.) Under G. involucratum, Forst., add the synonym Luchiton Forster, Cass.

(Page 144.) Senecio bellidioides: add—
Has. Middle Island: Upper Wairau valley, Monro.

(Page 146.) Senecio Zyallii, Hook. fil.: add—

Has. Middle Island: summit of M‘Crae’s Run, alt. 5000 feet, Monro.

Dr. Monro's specimens have broader leaves and ligule than Dr. Lyall’s, approaching in this respect the 8.
scorzoneroides, which may prove a variety of this plant.

(Page 150.) 19. Senecio Monroi, Hook. fil. ; fruticosa, ramulis cylindricis pedunculis petiolis foliisque
subtus incano-tomentosis, foliis gracilibus petiolatis obovato-oblongis obtusis coriaceis margine crispatis supra
nitidis obscure reticulatim venosis, capitulis versus apices ramulorum subpaniculatis, pedunculis pedicel-
lisque foliis parvis bracteatis, involucri late campanulati squamis linearibus tomentosis acutis apicibus sub-
recurvis non sphacelatis, ligulis lineari-lanceolatis, acheniis linearibus pilis brevibus albidis hispidulis.

Haz. Middle Island: mountains of Kaikora, alt. 2-4000 feet, M“Donald (Monro).

This plant was collected by a shepherd for Dr. Monro, and is one of several novelties he has sent from those
regions, and which presage many more. As a species it is closely allied to S. Greyi.—A bush, or perhaps small tree.
Branches, petioles, leaves below, peduncles, and involucres covered with appressed white down or wool. Leaves
1-14 inch long, on slender petioles 4 inch long, coriaceous, obovate-oblong, blunt, with crisped margins. Capitula
3 inch across, terminating the numerous small branchlets which form peduncles and pedicels to them, and make a
branched, subcorymbose inflorescence, which is leafy with small bract-like leaves. Involucral scales linear, tomen-
tose, with acute, rather recurved lips. Ligul@ linear, golden-yellow. Pappus of fine silky hairs, minutely scabrid.
Achenium obscurely ribbed, papillose or hispid with short white hairs.

(Page 154.) Nat. Ord. STYLIDIER.

The Stylidium graminifolium, Swartz (Br. Prodr. p. 568; DC. Prodr. vol. vii. p. 333; Bot. Mag. t. 1918), an
extremely abundant East and South Australian and Tasmanian plant, has been gathered near Auckland by Dr.
Sinclair and Colonel Bolton. Only one tuft, however, was found, and I cannot but suspect its having been intw-
duced into the island.

(Page 155.) Forstera clavigera, Hook. fil. : add—

Has. Middle Island: Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Munro.

(Page 161.) Gaultheria antipoda, Forst.

I have received several more specimens of the different forms of this variable plant: these tend to confirm my
opinion of all the varieties enumerated being referable to one species.

(Page 165.) Leucopogon Colensoi, Hook. fil. : add—

Has. Middle Island: Gordon’s Nob, Nelson, Monro.

VOL. II. 4a

334 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA.

(Page 166.) Epacris purpurascens, Br., Prodr. p. 550. DC. Prodr. v. T. p. 160. Bot. Mag. t. 844.

This very handsome and ornamental shrub has been found in one spot only, at Papa-kuru, about eighteen
miles from Auckland, where it was seen both by Colonel Bolton and Dr. Sinclair, It is so difficult to conceive a
common New South Wales plant to be truly indigenous, and yet so anomalously scarce, tliat I hesitate to introduce
it into the Flora as a native; if it really be so, it is the only exception to the fact of all the native shrubs occurring
in abundance wherever they are found, and being widely distributed.

(Page 170.) Dracophyllum filifolium, Hook. fil. : add—

Has. Middle Island: Upper Wairau Valley, Nelson, Monro.

This fine genus wants a complete revision, and probably a reduction of the species. This cannot be effected
properly except in the islands, and should be undertaken with great care. I am quite ignorant of the amount of
variation in the different species.

(Page 172.) Suttonia.
In the generic character read “ Stamina 4—5," and in the English description “ Corolla of four or five,” etc.
(Page 173.) Suttonia divaricata, Hook. fil. ; var. . montana.

Better specimens of this plant, received from Mr. Colenso, assure me that this is a distinct species, which will
bear the name of S. montana, Hook. fil.

(Page 178.) Gentiana montana, Forst., et G. saxosa, Forst.

More numerous specimens of these plants increase the difficulty of distinguishing them, and give a still
greater idea of the excessive variability of each. . Pages might be filled with descriptions of their forms, but to
little profit, as it appears to me.

(Page 179.) Parsonsia.

The remarks upon the Gentiane apply equally to this genus. I am far from convinced that there is more than
one species. Such genera cannot be well investigated without selected suites of specimens from the same indivi-
dual, and from different individuals in the same localities; also a fair selection from all the localities the species
inhabits should be examined.

(Page 182.)

In the notes at the end of the genus Solanum the words “and the Tomato” should be inserted before ** (Lyco-
persicon).”

(Page 188.) Mimulus? radicans, Hook. fil. : add—

Haz. Middle Island : Wakefield, Monro.

(Page 189.)

After Gratiola the genus Herpestes should possibly be inserted, as I find the H. cuneifolia, Spr., introduced

into M. Raoul's * Choix de Plantes.’ Some states of Gratiola sexdentata resemble a Herpestes very strongly.
(Page 191.) Veronica.

I have received many excellent specimens of various forms of this genus, from Colenso and Monro especially,

since the publication of the above, and I must confess that they do not tend to resolve the doubts I have as to the

validity or invalidity of many of the species of each section. I find no strong reason, however, for modifying ma-
terially the arrangement I have proposed.

(Page 197.) Veronica Anagallis, L.

It should have been mentioned, under this plant, that it is frequent in all northern temperate latitudes, and
throughout Great Britain.

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDLZ. 335

(Page 199.) Euphrasia antarctica.

Add, after the specific character—Bentham in DC. Prodr. vol. x. p. 355.

Euphrasia revoluta, Hook. fil.

Dr. Monro has sent fine specimens from the summit of Gordon's Nob, Nelson ; these have larger flowers than
those of the specimens described.

(Page 200.) Myosotis capitata, Hook. fil.

Dr. Monro has sent small specimens of this species from the mountains south of Nelson.

Myosotis antarctica, Hook. fil. : add to the stations—

Haz. Upper Waihopai River, Monro.

PE p

Tam inclined to suspect that this may prove to bé a state of M. spathulata; both are extremely variable
plants.

(Page 201.) Myosotis (Exarrhena) Lyallài : add—

Haz. Dun Mountain, Nelson, Monro.

(Page 205.) Nat. Ord. LaBIATA.

` Plectranthus australis, Br. Prodr., is mentioned by M. Raoul as a native of the Bay of Islands, where it is no
doubt introduced.

(Page 205.) Scutellaria Nove-Zelandie, Hook. fil.; glaberrima v. parce pilosa, caulibus obscure an-
gulatis gracilibus ascendentibus laxe foliosis subramosis, foliis omnibus (inferioribus longe) petiolatis
orbiculari-oblongis reniformibus ovato-oblongisve integerrimis v. remote paucidentatis, floribus oppositis
subracemosis violaceis?, calyce piloso, squama labio superiore breviore, corolla pubescente calyce duplo lon-
giore, fauce parum dilatata, galea mediocri, labio inferiore breviore.—S. humilis, Aujus operis p. 205; non
Br. Prodr.

Has. Middle Island: Foxhill, Nelson, Bidwill, Monro.

I described this plant, in the body of this work, from very imperfect specimens. I have received much better
since, from which I judge it to be distinct from the Australian S. humilis, differing chiefly in the longer petioles of
the leaves, which are rounder, less hairy, and the stem is much less angled.

(Page 210.) Polygonum australe, A. Rich.

The name adpressum, Lab., should have been retained for this species. It is figured under that name in the
“Botanical Magazine,’ t. 3145.

(Page 211.) Polygonum azillare, Hook. ñl.: add—

Has. Foxhill and hanks of Waihopai river, Nelson, Monro.

(Page 214.) Suæda maritima, Dum.

Under this plant, the Chenopodina tortuosa, Moq. Tand. (in DC. Prodr. 13. pl. ii. p. 162), Sueda tortuosa,
Mog. Tand. (Chenop. p. 181) should probably be included as a synonym.

(Page 218.) Nat. Ord. MonIMIACER.

This Order should be transferred to the neighbourhood of Magnoliacee, to which it is closely allied, whereas
it has no real affinity with Zaurinee. In the generic character of Laurelia, read “ Stamina 6-14,” and in the Eug-
lish description read “ Perianth 5—6-parted," and “ Stamens 6-14.”

(Page 219.) Persoonia Zoro, A. Cunn.

This plant is figured in the ‘ Botanical Magazine,’ t. 3513.

336 SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIZ.

(Page 220.) Pimelea, Banks et Sol.

This genus has been dismembered by Ernest Meyer, who founds genera on the corolla being articulate or non-
articulate, the perianth of the fruit fleshy or dry, aud the quantity of albumen in the seed.

(Page 223.) Drapetes muscosa, Hook. fil.

This specific name was inadvertently misapplied, it being that of the Antarctic American species. I have al-
ready (Introd. Essay, p. 34, in note) proposed that of D. Lyallii for this plant.

(Page 236.) Potamogeton ocreatus, Raoul.

I have received specimens of this plant from Sinclair and Colenso, which, though not very complete, enable me
to refer it, without much doubt, to P. compressus, L. (ex Fries, Novit.), having compared it with an authentically
named specimen from Fries.

3. Potamogeton pectinatus, L.; gracilis, foliis anguste linearibus subacutis 1-nerviis venulis transversis
subremotis, stipulis vaginse adnatis scariosis longe pedunculatis, spicis fructiferis interruptis, nuculis com-
pressis oblique obovatis.— Zinn. Sp. Pl. Brit. Fl.

Has. Northern Island; brackish water, common on the east coast, Colenso.

Stems slender, varying in length with the depth of water, matted, floating. Leaves 2-4 inches long, scarcely a
line broad, with one central nerve, and transverse veinlets leaving square areolæ.

(Page 239.) Farina mucronata, Lindl.: add Hook. le. Plant. t. 431, excluding synonyms.

(Page 243.) Thelymitra, Forst.

Dr. Sinclair finds the same difficulty in distinguishing the forms or species of this pretty genus, as I do.

(Page 247.) Caladenia Zyallii, Hook. fil. : add—

Has. Gordon's Nob, Nelson, Monro.

Caladenia bifolia, Hook. fil.

Has. Northern Island: Ruahine Mountains, Colenso.

Specimen in fruit, but apparently the same as the Otago plant.

(Page 255.) Chrysobactron Rossii, Hook. fil., Fl. Antaret. p. 72. t. 44, 45.

I have seen two specimens of this plant (a native of Auckland and Campbell Islands), communicated by Colonel
Bolton, R.E., who assures me that they were gathered at Otago, in the Middle Island, by Sir G. Grey.

(Page 256.) + Phormium tenaz, Forst.

I have received a great many more specimens of forms intermediate between vars. a and £, since the publica-
tion of this plaut in the body of this work.

(Page 288.) Nat. Ord. GRAMINE.

Since the Grasses were elaborated for the New Zealand Flora, I have received a general monograph of the
Order, by Steudel, of Eslingen, entitled ‘Synopsis Glumacearum.’ I find about thirty New Zealand species there
enumerated, including the imperfectly described ones of Richard, ete., and amongst them are some new genera of
Steudel’s, which, from the descriptions, I am quite unable to recognize. It appears to me, from what I can gather,
that some of the species are not referred to the genera or tribes in which 1 (in common with all other botanists
who have studied the Order) have placed them; others, and several of the genera, are founded upon very imperfect
specimens, and in no case does the author give the particular habitat or collector's name.

(Page 291.) After Paspalum, insert—

Panicum tenaz, Trin., Diss. 11. p. 122, eb Steudel, Synops. Glum. p. 27.

` lam not acquainted with this Grass.

SUPPLEMENTUM FLORA NOVA-ZELANDLA. 391

(Page 300.) Hierochloe redolens, Br.: add synonyms—H. racemosa, Trin. Phalarid, p. 33. H. Ant-
arctica, Steudel, Syn. Glum. p. 14.

(Page 304.) Danthonia ruda, Hook. fil.; glaberrima, cespitosa, culmis gracilibus rigidis, vaginis
sulcatis, foliis rigide setaceis filiformibus involutis basi utrinque ad apicem vaginee ciliato-barbatis, ligula
brevissima longe ciliata, panicula parva pauci(8-10)-flora, glumis glabris concavis acuminatis apice scaberulis
l-nerviis 3-floris, floribus inclusis, palea inferiore basi sericeo-ciliata utrinque versus margines supra basin
fasciculo parvo pilorum aucta, aristis lateralibus brevibus intermedia brevi subexserta.

Has. Northern Island: mountains near the east coast, Colenso.

A small, rigid, wiry, tufted, glabrous species, with slender culms a span long, leafy nearly to the panicle, and
small, rather lax, few-flowered panicles.—Sheaths slender, furrowed, glabrous, with a tuft of long hairs on each side
at the summit, and a short ciliated ligula, or simply a row of hairs. Leaves involute, rigid, spreading. Glumes
equal, one-nerved, glabrous except towards the acuminate tips, which are scabrid. Florets about three, included,
less hairy than in the other species, each with a ring of hairs at the base. Lower palea with seven nerves, and a
small tuft of a few long hairs on either side, between the outermost nerve and the margin, Lateral awns very short,
middle one twice as long, shortly exserted beyond the glumes. Ovary broad, pedicelled, with diverging styles, very
remote at the base, and very scanty plumose stigmata.— This appears to be a most distinct species,

(Page 307 .) At the end of Poa, insert—

Quid “ P. implexa, Trin. Act. Petrop. 1831. p. 388. P. australis, Sieb. Hb. P. Sieberiana, Sprengel. P.
Sprengeli, Kunth. P. imbecilla, Spr. fid. Trin.?”

The following Genera and Species of GRAMINEE are taken from Steudel’s Synopsis, where all are said to be
natiwes of New Zealand :—

PANICER.

. Kampmannia Zeelandie, Steud. l.c., p. 35.
. Hystericina alopecuroides, Steud. 1. c., p. 35.

Q9 t ES

. Panicum gonatodes, Steud., p. 95 = Isachne australis, Br.?
4. Hekaterosachne elatior, Steud., p. 119.

STIPACER.

i 2

5. Dich ror, Sad y 191 J = ASKS, Retard: wep. 297
AGROSTIDEA.

7. Agrostis vaginata, Steud., p. 174. (Aira in Hb. Raoul.)

8. Agrostis elatior, Steud. (4. pilosa? Hb. Mus. Paris. Raoul legit.)
ARUNDINACES,

9. Arundo Kakao, Steud., p. 194 = 4. conspicua, Forst.?
10. Arundo ¢riodioides, Trin., Steud. l. e. = Schedonorus littoralis, Pal.
11. Gynerium? Zeelandicum, Steud., p. 198 = Arundo conspicua, Forst.?

AVENACES.

12. Danthonia Raoul, Steud., p. 246 = D. rigida, Raoul.
18. Danthonia cingula, Steud., p. 246 = D. Antarctica, Hook. fil. ?
14. Triodia splendida, Steud., p. 249.
vor m AR

338 SUPPLEMENTUM- FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIA.

FESTUCACRR.
15. Poa Aypopsila, Steud., p. 263 = P. imbecilla, Forst. ?
16. Eragrostis eximia, Steud., p. 279.

HorDEACEZ.
17. Triticum Solandri, Steud., p. 347 — T. scabrum, Br

VOLUME II.

(Page 3.) In the foot-note, line 5, for Analepis read Arthropteris.

(Page 6.) Gleichenia flabellata, Br.

Exclude the synonym Lab. Sert. Aust. Caled.

(Page 39.) The Plate LXXX. of Nephrodium velutinum is accidentally lettered N. molle.

(Page 48.) Todea Africana, Willd.

Colonel Bolton has informed me that this plant was found at the north extreme of the Island, where it occurred
abundantly, and not, as was supposed, at Auckland. This fact is quite in accordance with what we know of the dis-
tribution of New Zealand plants, there being several warm-country forms confined to the north extreme, as Cassytha
and Drosera pygmaa.

Nat. Ord. Funar.

Cordyceps Sinclairii, Berkeley; lutescens, stipite simplici 1. furcato sursum in ramos plurimos sub-
simplices lobatosve cylindricos diviso.

Has. Northern Island; on the laryæ of some Orthopterous insect, amongst loose gravelly soil, in
the garden of Archdeacon Williams, Tauranga, Poverty Bay.

Yellowish, from 3-1 inch high. Stems cylindrical, slender, simple or forked, sometimes confluent, 4 inch or
more high, divided above into numerous, more or less cylindrical, either simple or slightly-lobed heads, which are
sometimes disposed into a flabelliform mass, clothed with innumerable oblong conidia 77,7 of an inch long.

The specimens are unfortunately destitute of perithecia. The pale yellowish tint, inclining to lemon-colour,
seems characteristic, and forbids, in the first instance, their union with Cordyceps sobolifera, a West Indian species,
which also occurs on Orthopterous larvee. In that species, however, the normal form seems to be simply clavate
as in Cordyceps entomorrhiza, and the divisions are merely proliferous. There does not seem, in the present case, to
be any indication of such a primitive form, and, in consequence, I suppose the head to be essentially divided, as in
Cordyceps Taylori. I have therefore no hesitation in considering it as new, more especially as the West Indian
species is a purely tropical form, and does not ascend as far as the Southern United States, which produce some
New Zealand species, but is represented by an allied form still normally simple on the larvee of cockchafers.

INDEX.

——

[The Synonyms are in italics. |

Page

Aena diandrum, Forst, -si sises e d lcu... 1.827
meras Book il. ee des ENS 1. 54, 11. 327
microphylla; Hooke fli 2... ee: i. 55

Sanguisorbæ, Zahl iri ccrte...
o a AE MO c c cm
Acalyphum cylindricum, P. Beauv. .......... ii. 60
Acanthoceras, Kitz. 4 v IIIS Em

Aeaulon, Bryol. Eur. .......... 10.58
Achnatherum conspicuum, P. Beauv........... 7.299
Acianthus rivularis, A. Cum. ............ i. 251

Sicario Al, an ae. Sea
Aciphylla Monroi, Hook. filè : sir. ioaea 2. ii, 830
squarrosa Horst. icsi 00.00 E 0 18451 029
var araneustHolar e o eu BS
——-—— var. B. latifolia ......... en
Ackama roseefolia, 4. Cunn........... 1. 79, 11.329
Adenochilus gracilis, Hook. fil. (Tas. LVI. 4.) . i. 246
Adenocystis Lessonii, Hook. fil. et Harv. ..... ii. 218
Adiantun Ao pican E. u... m
allies Bald ne. civ 20

USSUNUE TOW CARN ee ee 21
cantata Hots... e i eme 19
Commun Shemini; Hook ean a ees 21
tormosum, Dg. Ow O 21
TUU Raoul ae ee I IS 22

hispidum Ser wen. 20
Dedatums Bone ua een 20

Puben nS ee. 20
SELULOSUM d: Sie sir oree ee 20
manenforme; Pohier s ecc no 20
trigonum, Lab. ....... 21

ZEeidium monocystis, Berk. (Tan. CV. fig. 15.) ii. 196
Ranuneulaceanem DC, u... oto T96
AMtbalmmseplieum, e 2...
Ayalmanthus, Homb. et Jacq. .............. i. 67
Agapanthus calyciflorus, B. et 8. .............1.56
du Ma Cb eee ec IL SE e
Agaricus adiposus nn
eppendieulatas Baile m... 0.2. e
uxvensisQ SOC. vii ie d 174
DEC VAP OS; Bull... ee een eS
CaDiposius fA Se nen, TA

Agaricus campipenus, Bow scc core A
clypeolaniug, Bull. 22.0... 178
Cocco ts DON a Cua er A
Colenson Dome ern ee We
OuUE Mr een Se A
exstrücius, De. oov nie ee euo. 18
fascicularis, Hudson S cree TI 175
infundibuliformis, 801207. 1... 119
Nove-Zelaudue, Bene: >... 14
phalloides: fe ee ae 18
Sapmeus qe coc T EM a ee TM
strophosus 27. 9.55 sn. nen TTA
stuppeus; Berk adore 0 000000 175
umbellderis 44 50 0 T

Agathis australis; Sasi. xe o ce os. L251

Aglaophyllum D’Urvillei, Mont. ...........1.940

Agrostis ame, Bro... LOS
baroun DB. AN 260 o eU 299
Dürer Dir Bon en... 298
cana, Dun ne 398
CONSPICUT, OX. MIC, 29
ChE BE rer OS
OU USUI Reli cer el tee. e 9
dator DORU CI Cum Lie o e M
Forster, Ne Ries o a. Eccc
Bitescn; e S e 1... US
Lyall, Hook: fil. 4... ROT
Sieg B a ee a e
MORI ABV IP ae Os 00
ovata Borstel 0

= E
wv co
© w
QO —

parvallora Deu uu. 22... 296

— var. B. perpusila. ........ ,. 29
prosa mema: ae ee 297
o c NO EE 302
Quadtisetd, Br. 29
TeUro facil, SCWAG Wee o aa 298

rigida? A. Rial ese ss ss. OUT
GIB een... 904

dde Due 299
vasındla, Neuen nt a 11.884
variabilis, var. a. procera, B. et 8......... i1. 998
ARE A A ana i. 801

340 INDEX.
Page Page
Auro australis, Raoul... ae ee re i. 301 Angelica rosefolia? Hook. .... e.c i. 90
Gems. a SUL Angiocarpi, Price cr a a A 904
eristata, be so... een 305 Angiopteris evecta, Hoffm. ........ +... .: ii. 49
Kingii, Hook. fil. 301 Anictangium Humboldtii, Brid. ..........«.-> 11. 93
Alchemilla arvensis, Smith Bence 8 Anisotome, Hook fU. u. un nn es il 990
Alectoria crinalis, Ach...... an 269 aromatica Hook fl. 1.89
DAMM quie a... 270 geniculata, Hook. fil. ..... celer 90
Alectryon excelsum, DC............++- i. 88 Gingidium, Hook. fil... esee 09
Alepyrum pallidum, Hook. id (Tas. LXII. A i. 268 intermedia, oo 098
Alge, L.. : T ii. 211 Eyal, Hook. file. cp oe es teen 88
Allantodia Pa SE Br. een DI rosetolla, Hook. fl. o hs 90
toner. AUS. seen 36 Antennaria Robinsonii, Mont. ..............1.209
Alopecurus australis, Nees ........o.o.o...... 1,290 scoriadea, Berl... naar en 210
geniculatus, L. oe 290 Anthericoides pygmaa, B. et S. ............. 1.252
Alseuosmia fol r3 Gain nn i, 103 richt, Be M ET M aa
Banksii, 4. Cunn. (TAB. XXIV.) 102 Anthericum cirrhatum, Forst. .........«.... 1. 254
Ber, Ke Cons 2... ar 102 ensitum Be Cb Si. och ks ne. imo
lgusirjfohu, A.Cum............. 103 latifolium, AB) sh coc i o 254
linariifolia, 4. Cunn. (Tap. XXV.)........ 108 Anthoceros ©olenso Mitten sare ss a otio D
var. 8. ligustrifolia....... 103 giganteus, Lehm. eb Ldbg. ..ooooooooooo.. 144
macrophylla, 4. Cunn. (TaB. XXIIL) ..... 102 Jameson... Lali eurer lE
Puleformis, No Cuni; oy oves dene 103 levis, Linn. ... ae ali
quercifolia, 4. Cuna. =.: ceo 102 Anthophycus a hie deus iso ac E DIR.
Alsidium triangulare, J. 4g. .........- ii. 223 Anthoxanthum crinitum, L......... ee i. 298
Alsophila Colensoi, Hook. fil. (Tas. LXXIIL) . ii. 8 odoratum = deck e E LA
Alternanthera denticulata, A. Cunn. ..... 1. 212 Apeiba BAR Es Rich. nes eg
sessile Bro. c oe oue es o 212 Apera arundinacea, Hook. i [o LXVII). 21:205
Alyssum maritimum, ilia. i.m ii. 391 ermita, P. Beauv. .....- : uie DS
Amansia ?? Marchantioides, Harv. .......... ti. 223 Apium australe, Pet. vc Hp c o. we OO
Amaranthaceze, Juss. i. 212 decumbens, var. a, sapidum, B. et " gee Sas 86
ANG a i - onen i. 213 var. B. tenellum, B. eb S......... 86
Amphiroa ds, Pon ul e pc m Po Gliiotbue, Hook, v cei O 9S 86
elegans, Hook. fil. et Harv. ......... 237 graveolens, DO. oc eevee ener ere nnn 86
Anacardiaceze, Br. 1. 48 guosteatum, Lab. Se oret t vee CHR
Anagallis arvensis, = ; ii. 322 Apocinese, Juss. 2... eee eee nnne i. 180
Anchusa spathulata, Rear a Be i. 201 Apophloea Lyallii, H.f. e£ Ho. (Tas. CXVI. A.) . ii. 244
Ancistrum anserinefolium, Forst. . i. 54 -—— var. D. gigartinoides..,..... te 244
decumbens, Gurb... e Od Sinclairii, Haro, (TAB. OXVI. B.) ....... 944
Sanguisorbe, L.fil. ......oo.ooooooo.ooo.. 54 Arabis? fastigiata, Hook. fil. .............. 11 824
Ancyclus australis, Sieb. .................. 1.128 Atalracere Juss Boas a E Oo i. 92
o dc E 179.7 alta erasstola, JA e Se oc. en 90
Andresea acutifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils......... 4.57 Lessoni, Hook. fil... cs. ce vec eevee secs 96
EUDUSDES, 6 0 release as vs 57 polaris, Homb. et Jacq. ........... I 95,11. 830
Androcryphia porphyrorhiza, Nees .......... ii. 163 Schosflera, Site d us les p e UE tpe d: UD
Andromeda rupestris, Forst. ....oo.oooooo... i. 162 Aralia polygama, B. tS... ee eee eens 1 95
Androstoma empetrifolia, Hook. fil. ...... 1. 164 iryolia, B. eb S. cose eterne 96
Aneura alterniloba, Lond. Journ. Bot. .. .. risa Ardisia acerosa, Geertn. ...... aio
AS NEES ea e e. ne 167 longifolia, var. B. attenuata, B. = 8. I £0
Mauda, Dumorb. ssor. ii teet 167 Areca Banks; Marto s-s: = un aa i. 262
ul Nea o apar RE 167. Kenia, Weel Drau col Mu ep utar ep
le, NGOS + oo to ea LOT SDUldd Sohn... a e 262

INDEX. 341

Pago

Arenaria marina, Rug. Bob. ui ZO
meda oes ine ee NS 26
pentandra B. cUS T. LoT cds. aden 20
Aristida calycina, Br. .... A E o e
Aristotelia fruticosa, Hook. o OCs abad: 94

— var. Ea Aia 04
———— var. microphylla ......... 34

———— var. prostrata ...... sasaw, o1

———— var. suberecta ....... isuse 0d

racemosa; Aeril sn... d cana RROE 33
Ainoa operina, Horst a er ee 1.115
Aroides, Juss. v seen. ee ee 1,238
Arthonia biformis, Scher, -aoco esas ame. ii, 303
gondueus Pe ss toe dnb are 303
polymorpha, Ach, erst er certus eed 303

sAnihrocardia, Arestite is add. de ei
Arthropodium candidum, Raoul. ........... 1.254
eitrhatum, Dr»... 25.954
Arthropteris tenella, J. S. qas. LXXXIL). ii. 48
Arum macrorhizon, Z. . Poe A ii
Arundo australis, A. High, ee)
CONSPICHa, Lost a eoa a
flavescens; Bet B... need
Kakao, Steud. ..... TUNES

GBrodioides Tin... end. ee 1: 8405405 339
Ascarina lucida; Hook. fl. aias ese wx Wc aus: i. 228
Aschersoma duplex, Bam. eedan Ek ii, 194
Ascyrum humifusum, Lab. . : Si uu gd

Aseroe Hookeri, Berk. (Tan, ‘OY. P 13) . 1.187
varo nda sí. soso LOY
— var. f. n a ee 187

abra Lab: eoe. en a
Asparagopsis Delilei, Mont.

Asperococcus Lessoni, Bory................ ii, 218
sinuosus, Bory ....... blo 0 1 I9
Asperula perpusilla, Hook. f. i. 114, ii. 381
Aapidium aristatum OWA: 0. ii. 37
COMA CU taedas 87
var. Ran. ai 87

E @unnmobamiomum, Cole... ue E 37
JSP Sweet 38
ponger, OO a co y o. CAL. 40
nr A A
pentangularum, Colo er... . 39
EAU te es e 38
pulcher rinmi Goke ior. sc a T 38
Serra, Saee uae s. wo. 40
SCLOSUM ONR: fret ol AL E 38
squamulosum, Kaulf. E i oM 39
Thelypteris, var. squamigerum, Schlecht. €— 39
Cel, A Bäche... a Taaa 39

VOL. II.

Page

Aspidium venustum, Homb, et Jacq. ......... ii. 38
JLüterense Cole, ae on 38
Asplenium adiantoides, Raoul .............. 11. 35
— var. a. Hookeriana .... 35

— var. B. Colensoi ....... 35

adiantoides, var. Richardi, Hook. ........ 35

Jroumnanum, JM a 36
Browni, J, Sm... eu 8 i fd eee 36
bulbiferum, Worst. E. ce, us; 34
var B, laxa 2... 20.000 34
bulbiferum, var. 6. tripinnatum .......... | 84
Var es uste. o de de ao 34

Cotenson Cole a sai een. ca EIS 35
Jalcatum, BW... ess da es 34
flabellifolium, Cav. ...... ee 33
flaceidum, Yorsty o em 35
Worsteriamum Gol cu cie c at > 34
heterophyllum, bach, au... =... 50
Hooheriomum; Ol. ev eee e 85
laxum, Br. l.l nenn wanes 34
lucidum, Forst. -... -- 33
— var. $. idi (Tan. LXXVII). 33
obliquum, Bora e a a 33
oblongifolium, Cola cs, eet eo 33
obbüsutunb^ Fore NEAR. edocti 33
Var, E. Pique 33

polyodon, Horst 0... ar, 34
Richardi; ook: Jle cn u cu 35
iRise Raul oaea 7. Ber ne 34
Asteha Banksi, 2, Cun, e 2: 20:05: . 1. 960
Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. ........oo... DO

Jurfürace O POLS, a ee O
linearis, Hooks Jil, cs
nervosa; Biel S20 a Fi vine Sa. 63s pe DU
sericea, Diet Se... sass heck ee was bo UE
Solandrı, 4. QUAM. on... u neis 260
waster corinceus, BOYS o ne. A es dis gal
Jürgen IN: RIN. a o 22115
della D OU D. a 1
holoseree Borsb 2... d ue o e 121
humilis; Bet Se ao en... 125
wu ser... 175
Teo lexus A OWN, uc ecu oes
Asterina fragilissima,sDenke - see cues... cs Us 208
sublibera, Berk. (Tas. CVI. he De i uh 208
iorloa Ba 0l a SUR
Astorganthus Hugelii, Endl. weiss ae ded um. did
Athyrium australe, Presl . DNUS utero eb
Atrichum angustatum, Br. et Sip u
Atriplex australasica, Moq. Tand. .......,.. i. 215
Dillardien; Hook; fil. Lii a DD

342 INDEX.

Page

Atriplex einerea, Poir. ..... Be oe 2 A
erystallina, Hook. Bl. os eessen eis ts bce 215
Halımus Dr Ot Oe en 214
patula, Peer p UE contrat i 215

Aulacopilum glaucum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ..... ii. 98
Aulicularia occlusa, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ....... ii. 131

Australina Novee-Zelandice, Hook. fil. ........ 1.226
Avena angustifolia, B. et S. sec nee tu 1, 294
anta clica, doa. €t Neh, -coea V. CO 302
Jiiformis, Labs os 489A V r TAS 298
Forsteri, Kunth 4052019 KH HP AE 309
Quads A O 1.296
So ee eee E ii. 322
Avicennia resinifera, Forst. .. rd 204
tomentosa, In un. en an 204
Avenue ne ee i. 210
Azolla rubra. Br, sos nn e 2.21.56
Azorella trifoliolata, Hook. fil. (Tas. XIX.).... 1,85
Deæomyces inngo1de3, SW. we. a tee os cw es Hs 2098
retiporus, Lab. estereo ee ve ce UNUS 295
JOSCUS P USUS e wo RC tS 298
BUDESERIS, Babe eese o edu 290
Dalla Brunoms, Haven secco mas ii. 258
Coline Mon. ee. cervo rm d e REN 25
Hombromana, Nod. dea nn 258
Bantia claris, CUM sci sou MU ee ii. 264
Iunuguioss, Hart; e Fe ee 264
Bomka 0710110805. NolStr oes vise ce a eg 1. 290
Barbarea australis, Hook. =e TA ele es oed. 1.14
Barbulo. corbata, Bridel ie 00: a ii. 70
BE 00.0 een ü. 87
Bartramia duni Hook. riese ae eee NAR ii. 90
appressa, H.f. et Wils.(TaB. LXXXVL fig. 5) 89
pipantom Brid enews see Oo A 90
Hallerrana, Hodges... en a 88
MHAL CHICAS, DI. nee en ako orale RE 89
papillata, H,f.e¢ Wils. (Tas. LXXXVI. fig.4) 89
Por POO. nn 90
Tadei, A oS 89
CUNTA, DNE eode eie P Rd II 89
wicinata;, SONUS oeei e ete TER 89
Batrachosperme -ns -eeni ileso Gee eal 261
Batrachospermum moniliforme, Roth. RC dh os ii. 261
B fortin: DU - nenn. a es IERI UE 1,147
Bells gefot, D, Obss a OS 1.125
NOST. Die e ee S 126
Beimioides fusca, B. et S. ccc sus ee est i. 229
Bratora auomala Fries un co ele iv ase ii. 300
Berteroana, Mont. .... ise A HI 293

byssoides, Fries

Page

Biatora carneola, 7908 «ovv ev oe peewee es ti. 300
ceroplasta, Bab. ..... UC AE RE AAA 300
cinnabarina, Fries (TAB. CXXIX. C.)......1i. 800
Colensor BUO nn een O OS 298
decipiens, Enies ce 49 nv ee 299
decoloransy Fries. ee Pe Fame 300
marginiflexa, Bab. (Tas. CXXIX. 2.) oe BO
pachycarpa ?. Fries sn an eee. 299
parvifolia, Monte. i ie nn ee eee 299
pyrophthalma, Mont. ....o.ooo.o...o..... 292
Yosella; Fries en. een ee ees eS ed
vernalis? Fries: sieer e se on era voile oe 300
Bidens pilosa, V. oce esis one ln een os TE in 321
Blechnum procerum, Lab... ee in i in ii. 97
Blitum carinatum, Moq: Tand. ............. i. 213
Blossevillea caudata, Hook. fil. et Harv. ...... ii, 914
7610714, Mon. we. ee 214
retrofiewa, Kütz. ........ oU words PORTER 214
torulosa, Donec NAE IUE BUSH 214
Bolbophyllum pygmseum, Lindl, ............ 240
Bonnemaisonia elegans, AQ. cooooomooooo.... 1, 288
Boraginem, Lisreios cti pe i. 900
Borrera flavicans, Ach. so. eerte ii. 269
Bossiea scolopendra, A. Rich. .............- i. 50
Bostrychia Arbuscula, Harv. ......ooooo.... ii, 226
distans; MOZU. nenne wees EO TS 226
Harvey, Mont... ve e e nn 225
mixta, Hook. fil. et Haro. nun 225
Botrychium Virginicum, Z............++.-. ii. 50

Botryodendrum Sinclairii, Hook. fil. ......... i. 97
Bovista Drünnes Do str uc IN LSO

WB OW ICSI. MO ecce ore tee ee hy oh PS 1. 233
Bowlesia geniculata, Schultz et Spreng........ i. 90
Brachycoma radicata; Hook. fil. ............ 1.127
Brachyglossa, ou a oe a EE 1.115
Brachyglottis Bidwillii, Hook. fil. ........... i. 150
eleagnifolia, Hook. fil. MT prd orere LDO
Forsteri, Hook. fil... ede neers HS
perdicioides, Hook. fil. OD A eG 149
Ram, A, Ounn. v es o LET
repanda, Forst. = XL). Eee 148
rotundifolia, Forst. tee Ris d
Brassica sees euere ii. 321
Brathys Billardieri, Spach ....oooooo.....- i. 36
Borsiern, OPAC vw un. ii. 327
Breutelia, Br. e£ Schimp. 2... ++... A 1.90
Brexiace®, and... po mn mr i. 81
Bromidium quadriseta, Nees ....... 2.0... i. 296
Bromus Antarcticus, Hook. fil............... 1,302
arenarius LO a ot ot een ue e 310

DUST AUS, Bira s men a ee Ee ee es 310

INDEX. 343

Pago

DIA o a ee M MEM ii. 58, 81
Bryopsis plumosa, 4g. . = ii. 261
Bryothamnion triangulare, Kütz. ............11. 223
Dryumaldicons Wals o 0001.88
annulatum, Hook. fil. eb Wils. y EE ARES 84
argenteum, 4... ee caes eo 88
var-.-lanau.. er. 83
atropurpureum, Web. eb Mohr ........... 85
Barb.ammides; Hook: enr ee ee 88
E AA e. c es 86
var 8. poten... ae 86

IMUM A e 85
blandum, Hoor. folet US. sonors gai 88
— var, B. lurdum ds ee 83
cespititium, var. laxum, Wils. ........... 85
campylothecium, Tayl. Acct. a n 86
candidum; bi c 64
clavatum, A f. e£ Wils. (Tan. LXXXV. A 3) 84

E vata ones er 84
yum e dos d et 84
crassinerve, Hook. fil. el Wils, AA AA 83
crassum, Hf. eb Wils. (TaB. LXXXVI. f. 1) 86
ereberrimum, Lay ee 84
dichotomum, Hed... 2... 85
duriusculum, ‚Hook. fil a Wi ils. Leo PEU 84

— Van... er 84

eG se on 84

ET YUIOCAT PON, Bad en. en 85
flaccidum; BIOL... sects een 85
intermedium, Brid: u... foie 87
levigatum, var. ? Took: fil. et Wil. x 83
KENN Teh. rm 86
maorocarpon Hedw. 2... 82
obconicum, Hornsch. : 85
tenuifolium, Z.f. et Wils. (Tan, LXXXV. £ 5) 83

= Valu. 2; exisuum = e. eee 83

Nal, Yer duco es 83

ATUN COLUM, BONY. 25 o eet ee 86
varium, Mf. et Wils. (Tas. LXXXV. fig. 4) — 85
oidu lum Vien sn 61
Wahlenberom, Schwagr. boo cee ers 83
Bulliarda Magellamta DOS ato id 16
moschata; DUI o 8
DRE ME a LI m oT ii. 307
Byssocaulon niveum, Mont. .. ii. 288

Caladenia ? bifolia, Hook. ee . i. 247, ii. 336
Lyallii, Hook. fil. . 3 . i. 247, ii. 386
minor, Hook. fil. (Dan. LVL) ee 247

Caladium esculentum, Willd. ........ wa 32%

Calamagrostis conspicua, Gmel. ............. i. 299

Page

Galeolaria repens, Hooke. e . 0... 1.187
Binelam o eee, ence 1197
Galea guiar Se 6, ee i, 119
CONEA DEOS Ie ern
leptophylla, Borst. 25. ae 139
Calendula pumila; Forst: o 2. sc. eet 1.125
Calice E ran ii. 304
Calicium curtum, Turn. eb BOTT. .... 2... 1,804
Calliblepharis? tenuifolia, Hare. ............ ii. 248
Callithamnion applicitum, Haro. ............ i, 258
brachysonmm, Haro. 0.00 000 02 259
byssoldeum, Ama... oe co te OOO
Colensob Haro... 0992. 9 O
Consangnıneum, Hore... 2... 0.0. 259
flaccidum, Hook. fil. et Haro... 258
hirtum, Hook. fl. et Haro. ri 258
Plumpla,. Lyngo 2222. e 8
punice, aro. creare en i au 209
Rothii, Zyngb. . : a DEO
scoparium, ee. fil. a Pv ee 909
Callitriche TU D... o ced i. 64
verna, L. pi 04
Callixene — Hook, fl. ibo xod ZO
Callophyllis acanthocarpa, Zarv. ............1. 251
asperata, Hor. ots ee EROR UE O
COCCINGAs HOTU. I ae a 290
dichotoma, Kükz. ...... 248
erosa, Hook. fil. et Harv. Cs. CXVIII) .. 250
Gunnin, KUZ e a ... ee l
FHomoroniani;, Katz. v ee ERO
variesata; Kiles een: Bares 250
Calocladia, Grev. . . ii. 233

Calomnion letum, E n d . ite (LXXXV B. 5. ii-97

Calorophus elongata, 7456... 22.267
minor Hook. Jus eco 267
Calothrix scopulorum, Mg- 2... 0 ii. 265

Caltha Novz-Zelandie, Hook. fil. (Tas. VL).. 1.12
Calystegia marginata, Br. (Tag. XLVIIL).... 1.184

reniformis, Br. . uu eeu o o o PEN
sepium, Br. oi. oe 183
Boldanella, Bea, 1289 0 A 188
tugunorum, Ar, (TAB XENI) ee 183
var 8 minor Sac oom 18g
Campanulaces, Jam, ri eeror es 1159
Campanula gracilis, Borst. He... 0.0. 4,159
POM MORN a Bebe coi ren 160
a DE es a aie O
Campylopus bicolor, opone, re 11. 69
capillaceus, Hook. filet Wils. .. 5... 67
LAVAS Dre ai. Er. na, 69

344 INDEX.

Page

Campylopus introflexus, Hedw. ............. 1,69
leptocarpus, WilS. co seer eh died 68
leptodus, Mont. . 68
pallidus, Hook. fil » Wi i. axan. 2. 68
xanthophyllus, Mont. ......... jen 68
Capea biruncinata, Mont. ... no dL 211
flabelliformis, Hook. fil. et thet. vere. OE SARS

radiata, Endl. oe OP RL
Ma Kits M. lorca dla 218
Capnodium fibrosum, Berk, ....... ooo. ii. 209
Caprifoliacio, Juss; «rere ies Pees 102
Cardamine debilis, B. et s. ener Stine 1.18
divanicata, Hook. fl... er ren 18
IESE A a NO A 13
Carex acicularis, Booté (TAB. en ern i. 280

breviculmis, Br. (TAB. un AOS
Colensoi, Boott (TAB. a ee DAE
collata, DOO -siero eon ea OO es 282
denis, Sobe Fo ve ARS, ROSE 28D
dissild, Sol aer Pees a ALT C UBER OT
dissila; vat By Sol. «ex «ceste 4 quee OD
fascicularis, Sole exec os» e oe f oue 283
var; d. anmorsee cee oT RS eus 283
fascicularis; Sol: ves un senden. 22283
Forster, Mahler 285
fusta, B. ob Be i e E 23
geminata, Schkubr........ en... 282
hamata; Bol: o IIS ADO
mmorassitas By ABe . ccc eee A 284
inversa, Br. .... en O
Lambertiana, Booli es ADS
job REA ouis i dui 285
Ilona, Pop O HIVE age 254
lucida, Booth icio eR LIS TET o 100288
polystachya; A. Rich... ....ooo ooo... 282
pseudo-cyperus, Br. oo. rec cere eee eee 288
pulla, Sly... men ane 283
punctulata, A. Rich. ........ 0+ cece 2985
Pyrengica, Hall. eset 280
OU Boul erase ce Me DO
recurva, Schkult.reuccreco. men 280
secta; Bourne ee 281
Sclandri: Booth... eoe Gee es 284
stellulata, -Good.... ois... s ur en 281
subdola, Booths sis vaca... een?
teretiuseula, Good... des oom eee
ternana, Dorta nene P RS 282
io gen S a en ce 2
ery 0 c OP ds
Wei. Sol cu An. c NS equa 281
vacillanss Sal, vu Eos nn. nee 280

Gare virgata, Soh. m e nenn nr
viridissima, Sol.(juv.) ... «oo «o... 285
Qetutichelia, Br... emm geese oe RT
AUS Dc de Bee Oe meee
— Var. D. manae. Me aum nace 100

— var. y. grandiflora ............-. 50
Wustralis, aquí... SUE 0 Mare 51
Cunninghamii, Raoul. ~.. so eene. 50
flagelliformis, Col.. s.a serai ea ab E s 51
PURE, Cole nn tan OT

— var. y. parviflora ....oooococ..... 51
Odgralas Ubar erre erorar enir ee 00
pilosa, Col... au. 2. sn ee 1.50

Bunpacanthus, Kg. ... „neh Bcd nein tle DIT
Merge alpina, Br... 5X „uns, CUu earning 378
Carpodetus serratus, Forst. ...o.oooooooooo.. 178
Carpomitra Cabreree, Kitz. ...... «+... «1,217

Halyseris, Hook. fil. et Harv............. 216
Carpophyllum flexuosum, var. maschalocarpum,

VOU RE E T E ii, 212
flexuosum, Grev. . ‘ area 212
Maschalocarpus, Hook. fil B T gimen 212
Phyllanthus, Hook. fil. et Hard... ........ 212

Oartodium apricum, B. et S. . p. teed:

diia a a da A In are i. 25
Cassinia leptophylla, Br. ........ s.s 182
Teto Zr Puma 5. A een 132
Vauvilliersti, Hook. fil... . eere 133
Cassytha paniculata, Br... een i. 218
Catabrosa Antarctica, Hook. fil. eser ser. ei i. 808
Catenella Opuntia, red... 2... 6 eee eee ees ii. 254
Caucalis glochidiata, Poir. ..ooooooooooo.«... 1591
temifolia, B-t 8. . nn ae 9I
Caulacanthus spinellus, Kitz. .............-1. 244
Caulerpa articulata, Harv. .............«...1.261
Brownii, Endl. (Tas. CXXI P. ) en 260
furcifolia, Hf. et Harv. ee CXXI. B). 260
hypnoides, Ag. .......-- Laer 260

sedoides, 4g. . A cee 280
Selago, Hook. fil. die. (ko c i e . 960
Oelecenas SEEMS ed AA ne ii. 256
Celmisia coriacea, Hook. n il. pue . 1,121, 11, 331
discolor, Hook. fil. . zb S e

Ba ee dec ap oe LUE
gracilenta, Hook. fbe ie 122
gracilenta, Hook. fil. ee
graminifolia, Hook. fil. Lis eS
hieraciifolia, Hook. fil. (Tas. XXXIV. st 124
holosericea, Hook. fil. (TaB. XXXL)...... 121
incana, Hook. fil. (TAB. XXXIV.)........ 123
laricifolia,. Hook. flu ia eee ii. 331

INDEX. 345 >

Page Page

Celmisia Mackaui, Raoul. . AO Cheilanthes Siebert, Kae. ............ ss... 11.28
spectabilis, Hook. Ala. oe 12D tenuitolia vc c c e os 23
Vata Oy lanceolata. — 24-8 ae 122 viscosa, Cam een edes 41

verbuscitolia; Mook. JU. ccc 20. ccm 121 Ghellosporum, Aresti 2... ii. 237
Cenangium Colenso, Berk. ................ 4.201 Chenopodiaces, dus e e i. 212
Cenomyce aggregata, SW. «c 2-8 UD Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. ............. 1.213
capillata, Tayl A 0296 Ponys A. Cuun ae... 4 Ls 213
relipora, cl. en. ee 29 carinatum, Br. 2, ek ee
Centaurea calcitrapa, lao eres elie Sl plaucum Dee lie os ea 213
Centroceras clavulatum, Mont. .............1.257 maritimo las 2. a es ee ee
Ceramiacee . 5 Pr a Pumlio Br A
Ceramium las de nn ang tortuosa, Moq. Tand. Lo cos e ii. 335
clüvulatum Ayan 2.0. 2. dei 257 bzandrum, Forst. we was i.212
diaphanım Hoth. «0 cue 200 üurbicumy 55... ee er 219
FübTUm, Ag 22... er unes 256 Chiloscyphus aculeatus, Mitten (XCVIII. 4)... ii. 140
uncmatun, Haro, oc. ovo. Ae eee 957 biciliatus, Hook. filet Tayl. .. —........ 137
vestitum, Harv. .... ee) Billardieri, Nees . =... 159
virgatum, Hook. fil. et a dni er ae DO canaliculatus, Hook. fl. et DeL. [o OD
Cerastimm'vuleatum Dr... ee. u on 991 chlorophyllus, Mitten nas XCVIII. LS D. 139
Ceratodon purpureus, Brid 2... 2... ii. 74 coalitus, Nees . xd 141
Cercodia alternifolia, A. Cuun. ........:r... i. 69 combinatus, M. (su. lu od uu cc T
erecta, Nunc a Oc ono en 62 decipiens, @öttsche . e as ES
ancana, A. Gunn. © ere. un. 62 echinellus, Mitten . ; fee c cd
Cetrara aculeata, ia. nn) neu... 1.271 fissistipus, Hook. fil. 3 Tayl. . BC s e es 140
o A laxus, Mitten (Tas. XCIX. fig. 1) ....... 142
sepmncola, Zen... A ror c TE leucophylius, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ..*........ 138
Ohxtangiex . oe fade an eee 244 Lyallü, Mitten (Tas. XCVII. fig. 3) .... 140
Cheetomium ala, tude. ee i209 Menziesii, Mitten (Tas. XCVIII. fig. 1). .. 139
dona ge nn. ee tee 209 oblongifolius, Hook. fil. et Tayl........... 141
Ohelomoroha oaa I eie Re 11. 263 odoratus, Mitten (Tas. XCVIII fig. 6).... . 140
Chetophora Berkeleyt, Grev. ......2........2.220 physanthus, Mitten (Tas. XCVIII. fig. 7).. 141
E brid. 9 e nee 198 piperitus, Mitten (Tas. XCVIII, fig. 8)... 141
Cheetospora axillaris, Br. (Tas. LXXII. 4. > 1914 polycladus, Mitten (Tas. XCIX. fig. 3) ... 142
concinna, Hook. fil. vie LXXII. — 274 BINWOSUS; Wels oo ooo ee, 141
imberbis, Br... oe, supinus, Hook. fil. et Tayl. (Tas. XCIX. 2) 142
nitens, Dr a AREE EC a 274 trispinosus, Mitten (Tas. XCVIII. fig.5).. 140
pauciora; Hook s. e net 278 Chiamydea tenacissima, var. a. sanguinea, B. et S. i. 256
tenax, Hook fil. S A. oU ae otn 273 var. B. pallens, B. et S... 256
Tendo, Hook. f... . =... 273 Chlorantlaces, Br. sa... o cis i. 228
Champıa ams; Ham... nn ii. 236 Ghlorospemen ==. ..... 2... ii. 260
Novee-Zelandie, Haro. ........ Bee 235 Chondria flagellaris, Haro. .....: 2... u.24
paraa, How QUE e uu RE 236 macrocarpa, Horn: 5. 0 2... e 228
nomia, BOJ: er ee ii. 260 Chondrococcus abscissus, Kütz. .............. ii. 242
HOSTAGES, Bi: ner ee ii. 56 Chondrus alveatus, GIV: .: ...- ew e erem i, 252
Chauvinia hypnoides; Kütz. .... issus. ii. 260 vermicularis, Greve... e eene 250
sedoides, Kuiz. .«..... iden OL Gorda Zessonu, KU. a rami ii. 218
Cheilanthes ambigua, A. R. Poi dedil 22, Al Tomenana, Lgo: = re 4. 20 ue DO
arborescens, OW. va. ce cer e o ne ii. 99 Clüodqidstecc Ce NO t A a ii. 219
Dieksonioides, Wndl. «25-609. 0... 22. 22 Chordona sordida, BOY. u LO
ipellucida, Chr... 4x REO on 2 29 Wo ee 220
JU ONU Koo- A u 23 Chrysobactron Hookeri, Col.......... ee 1.255

VOL. II, AT

346

Chrysobactron Rossii, Hook. fit.

Chrysymenia ? polydaetyla, M.f. et Hv. xix. Ai ii.

secunda, Hook. fil. et Harv.

Chylocladia affinis, Hook. fil. et Harv.........
P cespitosa, Haro. ......... BEE
Nove-Zelandie, Hook. fil. et mii pde

parvula, Grev. ir.a s: ABO. E
secunda, Hook. fil. eb ro cadi tone due
umbellata, Hook. fil. et Harv. mms C. pa
Cineraria dealbata, B. et S. .
glastifolia, Be €u Bo... ere
repanda, Forst.
Cithareaylon perforatum, Det.
Cladhymenia Gunnii, Harv. . ——
Eyallı, Harms ee e a
oblongifolia, Harv. (TAB. ome
Cladium articulatum, Br.
glomeratum, Brita u... m ee eae
teretifolium, Br. ? 3,
Cladomnion ericoides, Hook. «¿NA
sciuroides; Hook: tenim Be rn
setosum, Jedi. > en RR
Cladonia aggregata, Zschw.- :
capitellata, Bab. (Tas. CXXX. 2).
coccifera, Bab.
cornucopioidés, p Bra e ES
decorticata, Flörke
degenetáàns; Kirkens 531. 07 v ra
digitata; of ei o A RG BS
Li OTIS DONUT A Ee E e
fimbriata, Fries
Florkeana Zries aA Se re er
furcata, Hoffm.
gracilis, Spreng. . :
gracilis, var. a. FR Fries boe dii das
macilenta, Hoffm. cA
pyxidata; Hofmann: teen
rangiferina, Hoffm. RO
var. EN en ptos AN
retipora, Flörke
squamosa, Hof... sen AA
verticullata, Plorke A A
Cladophora. catenifera, Kg. ern: RA
Colenson Harts oco o Br aa
cinalssZare.. or. A
Davies; Havt eo rera roi i et
graalis Griffen Ticis oc a cle ON
herpestica, Kuto. coro AS
Lyallii, Harv. (Tas. CXXI. 2 ee!
pellucida, Auitz. cce: ee A ee
verticillata, Hook. fil. et e qc Heu

INDEX.
Page Page
. ii. 836 Clavaria arborescens, Berk. ....o.o.o.ooooo.o.... ii. 186
258 Coleusou Dok... ae oin 186
253 erispüla, If... See ee 186
"e 936 facata; A c. c. pena ee 186
253 fagellformis Bere... un. es amt 186
235 ineequalis, Pr. . oe ees 186
236 lutea; Ruten ee AN 185
253 Pusio, Berka. on... u ne 185
253 Claytonia Australasica, Hook. fil. i. 73
1.148 Clematis Colensoi, Hook. fil. (TAB. ae cun i. 6
148 foetida, Raoul . 7
148 — var. dpan ee
1.204 hexasepala, DO... O
.ii. 947 var. ruteefolia ...... le eal, 323
235 hewasepala, Worst. «eese 1.7
235 indivisa Milld. in saleby: 323
1.216 integrifolia, Forst. .... A 1.6
275 odorata, DA ne a 6
216 parviflora, ACU... ee. eee 7
li. 99 Clianthus puniceus, B. et 8. 2. com... 140
100 Cliffortioides oblonga, B. e& 8. .............. 1.230
100 Climacium sulcatum, Brid. ....... lees ii. 104
.ii. 295 Coccocarpia? pulchella, Bab...............- 1.213
296 smaragdina, Pers. es CXXIX. nie 278
298 Coccoloba australis, Forst. ED SEED idi 210
298 Cödium adhserens, 49. eo... eeu OL
298 tomentosum, 4g. .........- cendo
297 CEnoronies socii r AE Bern nta ii. 310
298 Ocnogonium Linkü, BAr.. .. 6... eee ee eee ii. 310
298 Ceenopteris flaccida, A. CUM. ooo mo... .. ii. 35
297 Nove-Zelandie, pr. 8). Im... 35
298 Colensoa physaloides, Hook. fil. ............ 1.157
296 Collemacese:. 2.2255 et er re
297 ee ae ree tos 308
297 ispum, Engl. BO... ct. ons cates 20 310
298 eristatum BON na A OL
297 CY QNESCENS; Schar. e. c mo ee ee 308
296 fasciculare, var. Colensoi, Bad. 309
296 flaccidum; Zole ers ea 809
295 war. P. lere Bape c siam oe PO
296 var. y. ceerulescens, Bad....... 309
297 Weve, Layla ar e 309
ii. 262 lencocarpum, Tayl. co o. so. ee ee 308
262 nigrescens, Ach. di 308
263 var. B. [cercani Bab. dou 308
263 pulposum È Ser scs cde. Pe re 310
263 UCONN, Say... er een. 307
262 kun DURS ee 307
262 saturnnum, dcha ss Ge ae 309
262 sinuatum, Scheer. a Mo se 008
269 tnemelloides, Nes seu sees eR 2... 00S

INDEX. 347

Page

Colletia pubescens, Brongn. La de dud
Colobanthus Billardieri, Fenzl. ............. i. 27
Columnea scabrosa, B: el 8. ................1.186
Composte, Justo oet ccs alae 1.114
Wantervaces a ee ii. 262
Vanferva wrea, Dil,- -centrar e u, ii. 263
clavata, var. Darwinii, Hook. fil. et Harv... 263
Darwin ul. e. pe e208
dup DUW- vc S S SEE 256
rigida, Dillw o 4 2 ee OL
Yelatınosa, DW 2.32.02. 261
hefpestied,. Mont r 0 nen 262

pellucida: Milly -3 u... e EL eiie OD
Pumita BIUS: +. 22 ec set als
100, Dillw ED nn 260
ud Böse. 295
Setacen, milis te ace er
valida, Hook. fil. M oor 268
Qoniferæ Uus. nr. ee s cios 80
Wowodiscus; Hook Gk -oree pe eee od.
Conomitrium Dileni Montr. ss- aci- 2 63

Conostomum australe, Sw. ..... eS 1
pusillum, Hf. et Wils. (Tas. LXXXVI. x Lune 88
Convolvulacese, Juss: Hai S ee E ees 1.189
Wonvolvulus erubescens, Dr. -..:........... 1.185
A E p PE NET IRR SI
lentmseb eu 2. wine 183
BUNOU MONS. En ran 184
CENSO Dee ll
sepium, L. . een
Sdn d BU. uu Lo I EE IER

RUN RUE. e 188
A Beet cM c pe ec mm
Conyza ungiora, BD... coo 1.110
Coprinus Golensoi, Der... e ao 175
Coprosma acerosd, A. CUN. x eit o ie 15 109

Baucmona; uae 20 en 104
cuneata; Mook: ee ae ec.
depressa; Gol- o6. ott Se 10
diyancala, A QUARC a e ro 1)

war 9. pracilisi 5 sa... 107
e van y- pallida. zzy or uc 107
— var. 6. latifolia .............. 107
—— Var; €. COROA i 4 cc S TE

foetidissima, Forst. .....
Jatidıssuna, A. CUDD. i ensa 2, 2.5105
91002003, Ar Cunn. we ee ee OY

grandilolia; Hook. flia. e 2. 0... 0104
lucida, Forst 0 o A
lada, Badle. orses ss ioo eee 104

Al. 110, 19832

microcarpa, Hook. fil. .

Page

Coprosma myrtillifolia, Hook. fil. ........... 1.107
= var. Ge ceni. .. ee 107

= vary. linearis........ 107

parviflora, Hook fi, >... 107

propnqua A. Cum... 2,02... 10
varsy.Imarufola =... 109
pumila, Hook: fil. ia- on... 0 S TIE

tepens, Hook. fil. un. 110
remsa Hook rr de ea .— 104
rhamnoides, 4. Qunm. -ress rerai si LOT
robusta, Raoul: p-ta 2 a. e eee E
Tomndıolia, 4. CUNN. u... 0. 107
spathulata, 4. Cuna. . por 00
tenuicaulis, Hook. fl. A d cas PUB
Corallinacess ..... 2. i 104 7 . ii. 237

Corallina arcuata, Hook. fil. et Harv. .......
ofticinalis, LANN. a. oe DM

Curchorus sloanoides, B. eU d. oc et arse i. 32
Cordyceps Robertsii, Hook......... ii. 202
Sale, Ber, en. 338
Cordyline australis, Endl. ........ ad D
indivisa, Kunth. . c9 OS
obtecta, Graham ..... ne wel 000
stricta, Endl. (TAB. LVIIL). Beet EM 257
Coriarieze, DC. Tlh.ngt. ieee cds een, u dd
Coriaria rn, B. et 8 pra l
zusehola Dr ana ‘ 45
SUP MENTONO, MOUSE rs ak 45
tayi tolia, Hume, ee 20 0 45
Gores, DU... a are 1.97

Cornicularia aculeata, Ach... ....... Lee.
ochroleuca D u. es ee se uen ODO
Gorokia buddleioides, 4. CUNN. ............ 1.98
Cotoneaster, Raoul ...
Corticium Leve; cs rn al os i. 184
polysomumg He... msm u
rhabarbarmum, Berk. nea
tonem Bark. es eem o ae ka ss 15
viride, Berk. Lea sos ee. O

Corticularia, Kütz. DRE. n. 222
Corynocarpus leevigata, Forst. a gee ieu eee i. 49
Cotula australis, A000. Jl oe an i, 128
coronopifola, u ne era ee. IR
oca. BELO, ame eu X s 129
wucrocephala + DU os pr. ee eae sy. 128
qula, Norte nern. 130
DUO arena au drm an ari en 128
(rona cata Wit: a ae a 1.84
Craspedia fimbriata, DC. spass eese lees i. 181
———- var. a. marginata ........ 131
——-——— yar, B. minor ........... 131

348 INDEX.
Page Page
Craspedia fimbriata, var. y. Majors...» osr». 1.131 Cystophora torulosa, J. AY... sene ii. 214
a var. 8 robustar > 131 Cystoseira retroflexa, A. Rich. eee ee ii. 214

— ar elanata -> 123

uniflora, Forst. .... essen nnn 131 Dacrydium Colensoi, Hook. ....... eee i. 934
Crassulacee, DO. -rreri cece ttm ccs 1.75 cupressinum, Don ....oooooooocooom..» 233
Chivas moschata, Por. AN laxifolium, Hook. fi... ee 208
Crucibulum vulgare, Zul. ...... So aes ii. 193 ? Mais Ac Cun.) er a ee?
es. een nme it, be plumosum, Don... lee T ah eene 232
Cryphzea acuminata, Z f. eb W. (LXXXVIII. 4) ii. 102 taxifolium, B. et 8.0... eee can. 232
consimilis, Mont. .... tm 101 thujioides, B. eb S. onan oee ee eee 233
dilatata, Hook. fil. et Wils. ern, 2) 102 Dactylis barbatus, B. et S. a.. ccce i. 298
Cryptonemiaceæ ..... E sor in 49 Deedalea confragosa, Zr. .... exceso Ul 80
Cryptopleura minor, ibd. acsi ies OU ii. 941 pendula, Berk. (Tas. CV. is A eG va 180
LOANS QA = nun... ea 241 Dammara australis; Lambs . sanata eee i. 231
Cryptopodium bartramioides, Menz. .....+..- ii. 88 Danthonia antarctica, Hook. fil. ............ 1.302
Ctenodus Labillardieri, Kütz. ...........- ii. 242 var a, elata cen u 302
Cucurbitacesm, Juss. r.i peas eee 1:12 —— var B- laxiflora e. 302
Cünouscem, Be o 19 —— var. y. parvillora «c 302
Cupulifere, Rich. ... esee i. 229 Var. 0. minor... 09 BOR
Cuscuta densiflora, Hook. fil. . a. 1.186 antarctica; Spreng. .... eee 302
Cussonia Lessoni, A. Rich........ re i. 96 bromoides, Hook. fil. (Tan. LXI). ce 303
Cyathea Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. . .. . ee gracilis, Hook. fil. (TAB. LXIX. B.).. 304
dealbata, S0. 11.9.23 hr 7 nuda Hook. fib oe oc oe ii 337
medullaris, Sw. .. Be de 7 panda os 1.302
Smithii, Hook. fil. (Tan. LXXIL) . Boh ee 8 piosm 55 ee e es 308
Cyathodes acerosa, Br. ......--- ee i) Raoul, end „ernennen en ii. 337
— var. B. latifolia. i o IE rigida, Raoul (TAB. LIX. 4.) ......... i. 803
— var. y. parvifolia......... 163 semiannularis, Br. . edu de 304
empetrifolia, Hook. fil. .. <<< ++ ese eres 164 — var. a. brovisei ecc 304
oxycedrus, Br... ie e nen 164 slc m var. D. Unarede se. 304
Cyathophorum pennatum, Lab........ s ii. 120 — vary selifoliae 1. 20 304
var, E. minus... 120 singula, Siendi nun. mn ii. 337
var. y. apiculatum .. 120 Unano der Raoub nenn a UE
Cyathus Colensoi, Berk. ..... unsere. ii. 199 Darca flaccida: Walde ae o e ii. 85
Nove Zelandia, TW. tec on e 1192 odontites, Willd. . iab cec 35
Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. ...... «nnn ii. 322 Dasya collabens, Hack, fil et Bri. Pare ehe ii. 232
proscriptus, Hornsch. .....++++++ nn 67 Seibel Hol o syed i= 232
Cyperaceze, Juss. .... es i. 268 tessellata, Hate omas edo 208
Cyperus piceus, B. et s. kim 2b Dasyphlea insignis, Mont. ................ 11.254
Tordo, B AD o ee va een 273 Daucus, brachiatus sen 2.2... i. 91
ustulatus, 4, Rich: 268 Davallia Lindleyi, Hook... ii. 19
Cyphella densa, DOM a o URS ii. 184 Noa Zelandia Col. 02... 2... 19
Cyphoma, Hook. fil. e£ Wils. s.s.s sessie ii. 95 Dawsonia D- Urvillei, Bory. ... ses ii. 240
Cyrtandraceze, SERE ccc Tee i. 186 Dawsonia superba, Grev. P ue 97
Oyrtostylis macrophylla, Hook: fl. oe s 1. 246 Delesseria crassinervia, Mont. ........... se ii. 239
oblonga, Hook. fil. ...... e t n n 246 Davis, Hook. fh eb Hare.) ae. 239
rotundifolia, Hook. fil. ....... nen 246 dichotoma, Hook. fil. et Harv............ 239
Cystophora Lyallü, J. Ag. (Tas. CVIII. is ii. 214 Hookeri, Lyall (Tas. CXIV., e we 238
monilifera, J. Ag. .....--.-- ee nn interrupta, Ag.. EAS 249
a o 214 Teprieunib Monto. smse tan 940
retroflexa, J. de. A dU I m 214 neen 4020. sourit e a en 238

Delesseria nereifolia.... en. wenn
oppositifolia, Haro. da ee
Pleurosporas Mare we ann OUO

quercifolia, Bory. .

Tüscifolia; Damoun. an... an A
Delisia elegans, Lamour, > ee 2:

pseudo-sticta, Fee .

Dendrobium On 2 SET DS

00/0792) A, HAC none... a
Dendroceros leptohymenius, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ..
Deschampsia ceespitosa, P. Beauv.......
Desmarestia ligulata, Lamour. .........
Desmatodon nervosus, Bruch et Schimp.......
Desmoschenus spiralis, Hook. fil............
Deyeuxia Billardieri, Kunth.............4..

Forsteri, Kunth . E.
setifolia, Hook. fil (Tas. LXV).
Dianella intermedia, End.

Diatrype glomeraria, Berk. on CVI. 13).

lata, Pr.
Dicera dentata, ho

? serrata, Forst. . :
Dichelachne crinita, Hook. f.

Lorsieriana, Trin et Rup. we se we,
POCELE S/040. E E s TEE E e BS
A een

sciurea, Hook. fil.
Sieberiana, Trin. et Rup. .

stipoides, Hook. fil. (Tas. LXIV.) UE

vulgaris, Trin. et Rup. .

Dichondra repens, Horst er a A
Dieksema antarctica, Br. oed. ee:
po Coli e ne cet

lanata, Col,

SQUANTOSH; SW rn. c ee
Dicnemon calycinum, Wils. et Hook. ........

Dieranex .

Disco Prise Boris d
Dicranum Billardieri, rid, «te 20...
bryoides, Hook. ei Tayl: nae
campylophyllum, Zayl. ...........
candidam, BUG v ee eS

dicarpon, Nees... .

PROUT Hooks 2...

Mentes Zay en ae
var- 8: rigidum. san
pulvinatum, Schweegr, ............

purpureum EAW. cedes
robustum, Hook. fil. et Wils. .

VOL. II.

ar 8, 5SpIhosums a neu
la ciat ul Helen. wer a ees

i.

>
55

INDEX. 349

Page

i. 938

239
239
239
239

1. 233

281

Page

Dicranum rostratum, Ámbito. 0 cv 6
Solireberi; Jede ee ines ae e 65
setosum, Hook. fil. et Wils......... suu. 66
Sieberianum,; 47071805... 225.42, an 67
spinosum, Wils: cx ce see 66
Pasmanicum, Hook. Jl ea... es 65
vaginatum, Hook, un... ec IX 65
yar. B- elethratum < eo... 65

D'UN SR RN A 61
Dictymia lanceolata, J. SM. .........o.oo.o.. ii. 43
Dictyopteris attenuata, Hook. et Bauer. ....... 11.43
lanceolatis IS nee 43
Dietyotaces . . A ii. 218
Dictyota ita, altar: a qu QU DIN UE ii. 919
Kunthii, 4g. . eee OL
Diderma Hookeri, Berl, Tia. CY. "t 19. <H. 1:91
Didymium australe, Bra... 1.191
Cero it ou qu DUE 191
Didymodon angustatus, Wils: ............... i.72
capillaceus; Hook. et Tayl.....:......... 73
lengifolium, Hook. fil. seser teei 72
nervosus, Hook, et Tayl..... 292, 71
papillatus, M.f. et Mils. ES LXXXV.Tf)9)-- 78
proscriptus, Brid. . i s 67
purpureus, Hook. ái dL CoU Ed 74
Digitaria sanguinalis, Scop: esaer i S 1.8393
Vioseorea alata, Der. da a (x se 3
Wiplax avenacea, Kaoul sarr mu... i. 289
polynoda, Hook: fil... anti Pian eee 290
Diplolena cladorhizans, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ii. 164
tenuinervis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ........... 165
ziphoides, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ............ 165
Discaria australis; Hook: ner 2 1. 47
dw od 47

Toumatou, Raoul . eet say E 47
Distichium er RO Br. et Sehne Pen. To
Ditoca muscosa Bet SP AL
Diuris Nove-Zelandia, A. Rich. ............ 1.243
Dodonza Burmanniana, DC................ 1-98
spathulata; SOMA. issar o aree edd 38
viscosa, Forst. es 38
Donatia Novee- ae Hook. A. (Tas. XX) i.81
Doodia aspera, Br. ....... PHOT T
DM ov IE E 37
Kunthona; Radler ee en 37
Dorstenia Tugosa, B et B. asensi ona 1. 227
Nothided Golensob Bert: voor Ge H. 207
EC DO ere es ILI. 207
lile aa a ee ME 207
Dracena australis, Ford 1.257
NONE ISOSAR OES bowie ne 258

350 INDEX.
Page : Page
Dracophyllum stricta, Bot. Mag... .......... 1.287 Ecklonia Richardiana, J. 49. ..............1.218
ame, Liconsa 168 Wichipa erecta, da nn. een
filifolium,, Hook: fil. ea sans eed i. 169, ii. 334 E A ea T m ii. 221
latifolium, de Cann. 2... un. i, 167 Ectocarpus confervoides, Harv. ............ ti. 999
bessomanum, 4. Rich: „2... ws aries E O pranulosus, Age ar. e al 222
— var. 8. robustum :. 2.2 1170 OD QCOusS Ila. c Ee utu. ot. 222
longifolimm Br... =... ete 2 169 pusillus G9. 45.509 a tien ome 229
Lyallii, Hook. fil. . jd ce 169 siliculosus, “Ly 190 nia owed a ae 222
Menziesin Hook, fi... 0. na a 103 BICIOSDERMASN BUCH. eee re ii. 261
recurvum, Hook. fil. MM 171 Edwardsia grandiflora, Salis. ......... 1. 52,11. 327
pobustum, Hook b or tic vsum aive CERO var. ß. mies A PE i. 52
O BR 2... tsp microphylla, Salis. . O 52
A A 10 myriophylla, Wend. . 21
squarrosum, Hook, fil. es tad suc 09 Ehrharta Colensoi, Hook. + Ja (Tas. LXV. 1012281
Sinon Hope fi. ee ne stipoides, Lab, 289
subulatumg Look file. = na. an TL Eleeocarpeze, p pol d ee i. 32
Urvılleanum, £. Mic ee a 170 Eleocarpus Cunninghamii, Raoul............ 1.99
Drapetes Dieffenbachn, Mook: ............ i. 222 dicena WA a OE ML d 34
dyalm e.c. vba + XXXV., ii. 386 Hinau, AOS uil. 29 FR 32
muscosa, Hook, fil, pito. pion ees i. 223, ii. 336 Hookeranus, Ado. os. rarere 39
Drimys axillaris, Forst. . i, 12, 11. 324 serrata, Linn, Ml ee Ber 33
QEON A, Cnt. ro ne ee esee i. 172 Eleodendron ae ‘Healt fil. war LES
E A 8 ASR Eat 12 Blatnee 2.2, lx Sr ern 2
Prosen Da o vA el een i. 19 ‚Blatıne Americana; 47%. 99 evan NA 1.27
Drosera Arcturi, Hook. . i. 20 0204010106354, Cunn. se sra e ee: 27
amicu go... eR taa d: 21 Elatostemma rugosum, 4. Cunn. ........ eee. i. 9977
Dinata Lady mr Ais ta ee 20 Bleochanıs-gracis, bes. ue so end Nem i. 970
Cunninghami, Walpers. E er ee 20 — var. B. gracillima ........ 270
dichotoma, B. et S. 90 — var. y. radicans .......... 270
intermedia, X. Gunm . 4... 15 een o tete 90 sphacelata, Br. . PO 269
y etsi sc ee dodi O 20 Eleusine Indica, Geerés. .....7:......-..::.31.892
pela Beh. S. e ee. aN 91 Encolium sinuosum, Ag. o 219
petiolaris, Sieb. .... 21 Endocarpeee..... De emis
propingua, A, Ounn. 20 Endocarpum Hliva, DO. c don enims 06
pygmea, DC. 20 Hedwigu, N Schar. <2. c ee ee 306
spathulata, Lab. 20 Endocarpon pulchellum, Ach. ..............11. 273
var. pusilla... 2» A 20 pusillum, Hedw. . SP 806
stenopetala, Hook. fil. (Tas. IX). pi oen. 19 Entelea arborescóns Br. 00008050 $0071. 99
Dryptodon pulvinata, Brid. ii. 75 Enteromorpha clathrata, var. ramulosa ....... ii. 265
Dufourea collodes, Layla So 295 compen, Oros ea E ce De ore 264
Dumontia fiütorms;- Gre 2... 2.5 ii. 254 intestinalis, Zink. 264
Dumortiera hirsuta, Le, Det Nilo d ii. 169 ramulosa, Hook. 265
D”Urvilleea utilis, Bory ete he ge 1. 216 Entoganum jetiquion, B. et S. zx 4 1.43
Entosthodon gracilis, H, n et 7. ^ (REL 7) ii. 91
Earina autumnalis, Hook. fl. .............. 1. 989 Epaerides, Br.. 21165
mucronata, Lindl, i. 239, ii. 336 Epacris alpina, Hooh: fil. folo. eee i, 166
Hchinoceras, AA iia 1.256 Jasciculatus, Sub A A 164
Echinopogon ovatus, P. Beaw............... 1. 298 juniperina, Forst. 163
Polona exporta, Jo 2g... ee bos ea ii. 217 longifolia, B. et S. . ; 167
Maneti s J, 10. o seven etes 218 var. B. iris, B. ü $. 169
radiate hl 00, 217 pautulola, Aluche en ee 166

INDEX. 351

Page

Epacris pumila, Forst. u... sarsi ee 1 106
purpurascens, Br. o . ii. 391, 334

? racemosa; 4008; Jli e s -. es a LOT
Vositurimifolia;ABOrsU. usus 3. ll
Ephialis pentaphylla, B. et 8. .............. 1.208
Epicarpurus microphyllus, Raoul ............ i. 224
Epicoccum pallescens, Berk. (Tas. CV. f, 14) . ii. 198
Epidendrum adversum, B. et 8. ............. 1.241
autumnalez B AD. um al. nt. sek 239
Gloran, ONG 3. ee det 240
Cunninghamü, B. e& 8. ...ooomommmo o... 241
mucronatum, Br 6b Sic. oes ne > 289
ramosum, De Glo: A ea DA
Epilobium alsinoides, 4. Cuz. ............ i. 59
atriplicifolium, A, CUM. «is -gs cesses. 59
Brdr Seea a ou RSS 6l
brevipes, Hook. fil. .
einerenm; As RIB. e. vl ee ee 1,60

confertum, 4. Cunn. .. E T i. 329
CLASSUM 007. fus a E 328
denticulatum; Ruiz et Pav. .......-.....- i. 60
Jiacculum; Det Dis 2 dae eee ale aos 58
glabellum, Worst. wt. v ee ss 59

halorapılolium, 4. Cumas 2.2... iia
tar tigerin, A. Gunn; «cs a a 00
Quom Orne MMC Mq E a 60

HUnccum Horst oo ain eo: DS ees ela 60
war S hırugerum da 60
Iinneoider; Hook fils ves oss anna ner 58

macranthum, EL OOK filers sasies 6l
ARE CTO PUSS Moom an ee E E 58
melgnoonulonr Zoo. eu eus on o a ene 60

macrophyllum, A, AU... a eiue 59
NEPORO MIES Na UUN m. a et es 58
nummularifolium, 4. Cua. . NO cas cs 57
— var. ß. pilas me s]
———— — Var. y. merteroides ,.... 58
=== yar. 6. brevipes ......... 58
palltidiforam 0. ar en 61
SS CR oaa a a E 60
Pedancnlare, N CUNDA, een en... 58
pendumi eC sho. ce TEN 58
pübens 4. mern a oo 61
puberulum, Hook, et Amm... oe 60
POCUCA HONE. er 58
TUOPICQUES Duel ao. ccu or nn 61
tenuipes, Hook fl, v cov e. cose esu 59
betraronums L er cc ON e e 60
thymifolium, A. COMO. siess nerf eee 59
eirgatum, A. Gunn ve. i S want 60

Epineuron Colensoi, Hook. fil, et or Ve. ii. 298

Page

Epineuron lineatum, Hook. fil. et Haro. ...... ii. 223
Epipactis porrifolia, BW. s. ss deter dns 1. 245
Epymenm acuta, Hare, — u... ii. 949
Oblusa KUZ. 2... 5 3000 (4 con 249
Eragrostis eximia, Stewd...............,... 4.338

Hrechtites arguta, DO... ...... a d2
Bispilula DO. 2504 290004 a
prenanthoides, DU, Sou t 109
quadridentata, DO... a. 2... 109

Eremodon octoblepharis, Hook. ............ ii. 94
purpurascens, Hook. fil. et Wils.......... 94
robustus, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXVIL 2). 98

DD de Tu 1. 160

EngeroniLanadensis, £, .... — 19-02 3 33

Opus, 5534... e a a ii. 125
Erodium cicutarium, Sm. 2... ....... 1, 321
Erpetion spathulatum, A. Cunn. o,o oona ean 1.16
Ervum gracile, DC. . = ii. 821
Eryngium vesiculosum, Lad.............: 0. 1.85
Erysiphe densa, Berk. (Taz. CVI. fig. 16)....ii. 208
Erysimum officinale, Z...... . 11. 820

ee MR eoe i.77

Euchiton Horsters, Cass; .... ...2.........1.333
Eucladon complanatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. .... ii. 97
Eugenia Maite; 4, Cum. 1d. u 1.71

88cordata, RIOM ieir iesse e a a _ 14
Euhymenia Harveyana, Kütz. ..............1. 951
Euonymoides excelsa, B. et S. .............. 1.38

Euphrasia antarctica, Benth.......... i. 199, ii. 335
Var. D. Major. i. 199

var. y. grandiflora ...... 199

conspicua, D.A Se. Mls deco cack 199

Cuneala OW A did
repens, Hout. Joc... o o 200
revoluta; Hook: files Da sri re de
Biuphorbiacem, Juss, siss- coia su... i. 227
Euphorbia glauca, Horst... a «985 e i. 997
iHelioseopia; Do .2....2.:........0.:139
Dupooodensn .. .- OO
Pupogonvanm, NOE. ee oe a 052
‚Euptilota formosissima, Kütz. ..............i. 257
Eurybia albida; Hook, fl... -.......1118
uu aM oes o. 07

avicennietolia; Hook, fl vise aos 120
Cinnmehamil, Hook. il. a- iE Rte ALG
dentata, 006. fl. sores ee a et os 118

— yar. a. oblongifolia .5 css... 118
= war Bg carol in o 118

nea MOUSE E cu LIE o
a DO 2 edes Lush seite ii
putida LOOMIS o Pus cm Ra

392 INDEX.

Page

Eurybia nummularifolia, Hook. fil. .......... 1.118
Solandris Hooks files. iist dree een e 119
virgata, Hook: eil eere eer 119
Eurybiopsis australis, Hook. fil. ............ i. 125
Burystomum ass. TITRES H. 92
Duüstylis can ii. 330
Eustylis geniculata, Hook. fil. (Tas. XIX.).... 1.90
Euthora Gunni, Je Apo 0.0? EAUX ii. 947
MIEMDTANDERN, I. No. veste eee T 247
Byernia flavicans, Ir sn as een ii. 269
ochroleuca; Z7. En ii. 269
val ennals > ee 269
Eracamovalum Lab. +. cn LITI
Erro Lynn BE. se 0. 010202, i330
petiolata; Bles: ve v eer ent en i. 202
300030: DIS QA UTI A a h 209
Excipula gregaria, Berk. . eee ne 202
nigro-rufa, Berk. (Tas. CVI. p 11). eX 202
Exidia hispidula, Berk. . ; : ü. 187
Exocarpus Bidwillii, Hoon, fil (Tan. uy i. 223
Fabroniacem....;.... en i s
Fabronia australis, is. voco Eu MONT S ii. 98
Tugade OUO BAB oca OS
Fagus Oliffortioides, Hook. fil. ............. 1.230
fusca, Hook. fole rers cirer a 229
van B. Coleusól- eo Pe A 229
Menziesin, Hook. fil-- ea C220
Soland, Hook, flo 2.2 ee 290
Favolus intestinalis, Berk. << ii. 181
Fedra litera, De. 2 Y. are ea ii. 321
Fegatella australis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ........1.168
Ferraria imioides; Willd, + ee 0:5: cos ve d 25D
Festuca bromoides, L. . E A VB
var. ande Sera 09

duriuseulay Ze... re ee 309
foliosa, Hook. Jile — avons tii een ODO
ie Beet ee eon to eset vie alu
ELO IS BI A ci SAO
800670, Wan rer ee oes OA
scoparia; Hook fil, ARA ESOS
Podes dus. o a A IO
Filices, Juss. .... el
Fimbriaria te, Bock fil ef Ba ii. 170
Dre 2 ee 169
tenta, Mitten vce ee erts ha ALO
Fimbristylis velata, Br... A A O
Fissidens acuminatus, Wil. en ae eee OL
zruginosus, Hf. et Wiis. (LXXXII. 5) 62
bryoides, am cree ceeds nen. RN 61

dealbatus, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXIV. 2) 63

Page

Fissidens incurva, Bryol. Europ. ............ 1.61
incurvus, Schwegr. ..... ; 61
ligulatus, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXIV. D. 63
oblongifolius, H,f. et Wils. (LXXXIII. 8).. 62
————— var. B. capitatus........... 68
pallidus, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXIII. D : 62
pulvinatus, Hedw. ...... RA RM 75
var. ß. en Hodge i cg 75

rigidulus, Hook. fil. et Wils. (UX XXIII. 3). 61
tenellus, Hook. fil. et Wils. Pas gor 6). 62

viridulus; La. BC 61
Fissidentee ....... eta apne eX m. 00
Forstera Bidwillü, Hook. file. Mie See TED

Forstera clavigera, Hook. fil. . =: 155, ii. 338
seduolid;- Lom. Jil: sis esa. couse eevee 104
tenella, 00k s rre iiti siege 104

Fossombronia intestinalis, Tayl. ............ ii. 163
pusulasUVPesse ceu eR RUPES rr tur 163
Freyeinetia Banksii, 4. Ounn. (Tas. LIV., LV.) i. 237
Friesia racemosa, A. Cunn. ..... O
Frullania aterrima, Hook. fil. et Tay p. . ii. 162
congesta, Hook. fil. e£ Tayl.:............ 162
cornigera, Mitten (Tas. CIV. fig.8)...... 163
deplanata, Mitten (TAB. CIV. fig. 3)...... 161
falciloba, Hook. Jud eóTayl on 160
fugax, Hook. fil. et Tayt. (Tas. CIV. 2 > 161
Hampeana, Nees. serisi s : bu 160
hypoleuom NGC oe co Oe ees Tre 168
incumbens, Mitten (Tas. CIV. fig. 6) .... 162
myosota, Lond. Journ. Bot. |... 168
patula, Mitten (Tab. CIV. fig. 1) ;-.....- 159
pentapleura, Jf. e£ Tayl. S GIV- Gpe) 162
ptychantha, Mont. . nen
pyenantha, Hook. fil a Tayl. ee TAS 160
reptans, Mitten (Tas. CIV. fig. 4) ....... 161

spinifera, Hf. e£ Tayl. (Tas. CIV. fig. 2).. 160
squarrosula, Hf. e£ Tayt. ntti CII. Te 6) 160

Füleacem- ris; .ii. 211
Fuchsia toda Tia. fil. AA aS i. 56
procumbens, fu OUI wate cee E 57
Fucodium chondrophylius, A. "m tei oe ae ee tee LO
OPEL da Arce er 215
Fucus abseissus, Luther eet oir e COPS ii. 242
Glocus; US sce Ae SS 252
Cace ferus, TUN Cate O o + eS 211
Oracieatas, Lun... AA A A RDR
Cabrera, Clem essct Al
Chondropi ilus. Br: LS
QUOTIOSUSS LU hag Se A ANS 246
QUOCUIEUS; uds cese a AE 246,
tomosus, ab rn ee 214

INDEX. 353

Page Page

Fusus confervoides, Tarn o S ii. 943 Galium propinquum, var. 8. glabrata ........ i. 118
coraloriied, urne 0... E ET TS 246 var. y. üspidulass o H3
COTNCUS, Hudsssee o es oce eL Od tenuicaule, A Cuinn. e. o 113
Serums; Ber e cc ec eer 22 umbrosum, D. Ch S o en... 118
Hor stort. Unie ele ec DO Gastrodia Cunninghamii, Hook. fil........... 1,251
gladiatus; Bab ss LO sesamordes, A, Güm ... 202. oe oT.
granateus, Turn. .. 243 Gaultheria antipoda, Forst........... i. 161, ii. 333

Hy pnoides Tune ne 260 —— var. ß. fluviatilis........ i. 161
anter Fup Cus, Tarn en 2218 var. y. depressa +. -= 101
Tabiano Mert, c c o oo 249 —— ——- var. 8. microphylla...... 161
tutatus: oU =... 0.2... 217 —— var. e. alliata-..1:...... 161
REUS Bu a een ee 222 Golensoiy Hook. fil. ua. A 162
loidus; DU. 2... 259 erecta, bet N 2 eo e HEEL OL
longifolius; LU See 2.0.00. 0 212 fagifolia, Hook. fil... ae A 102
tucidus Br A SONS 244 Sluviatılis, As Cum 4. er 161
Maschalocarpus, Turn. 212 oppositifolia, Hook. fil. (TAB. XLIIL) .... 162
momiiformis, Hab: sas 5 215 rupestris, Br. (UAB. XOU. A4) oe. el
MUSCLLOTINIS| ER ee 244 —- var. ß. parvifolia (Tag. XLIT. 2.) 162
solans, Une een ee et 211 Gesster fimbriatis Pr 2.24263 ne ii. 188
Opuntia, Turn mern... ee N Gelidiatte mean Bee ii. 243
Phyllanthus, Dura... ORE 212 Gelidium asperum, Grad... ar 0. ii. 244
winastroides,; Burn... em a... eee 224 corneum, Lamour. zu. nun. T 243
pyriferus, Lumen nn 217 lucidum, Sond. c. 0 ne 244
radiatus urn. 52 PESE AR 217 Geniostoma ligustrifolium, 4. Cunn..... ili
retrofienas TUIN. sa c9 0901. ee 214 Pupestros, A. Bicho un. cn A 177
70470808, A 2.2.00 2.008 215 Genista compressa, B. et 8. aoia ne ann i. 50
Tuscuolus, Burn «ecce UD 239 Gentiana Grisebachü, Hook. fil. ............ 1178
sedoides; «WI Same. en. 261 montana, Forst- sess oo rar. 178, n. 334
Stirigtus, mi Be 0. re? pleurogynordes, GES, un nun nenn. IS
tar orms Der... O SO Sax0sd, Horst. oon v eO Co O 5
thyrsoides, A fae ee 234 — var. a. TODUSTA e... er 1.178
tomentosus, um... re er al ——- var. B. gracilior ................ 178
torulosus, R. Bis in. nee ee — var. y. pleurogynoides ........... 178
triangnlaris, c udn Gentianex, Juss. e LA een. LX
turbatus, NEI csl 0... 212 Geoglossum hirsutum, Pers. ee 11.199
DOVMICULUTISS UIDs o vv Re RO ee PD Geophila dichondrefolia, A. Cunn. .... i. 112, ii. 331
Mumatia paryvilora Linn. reoni ei a ii. 820 Geraniacem, DOr 4 nn ee OO
Funaria calvescens, Schweegr. ii. 91 Geranium amenum, B. et 8. ............... 141
cuspidata, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXVI. 3). 91 brevicaule, Ook... nenn, 40
glabta duae er 91 dissequum, De nn. nr ee 39
hygrometrica, Hein... dv var 09) — var. B. retrorsum a 39

— var. B. calvescens .......... 91 var y-glabraium 2... 89

Hiinariaeee | 4... cease ei, a uu EDU microphyllum, Hook. fil. ......oo.o.oo.oo.. 40
Bund. nr... O molle, De esni 073 EUN DUX 40
pallidiflorum, B. et S. Pac uu T 40

Gahnia procera, Forst. . i.978 patulum, Worst. ossee e o... 39
setifolia, Hook. fil. . 278 pilosum, KOSE -se e re en 39
Gaimardia? pallida, Hinde d ADOS potentilloides, HOP is VIII. 40
Selacen, Hook file eec ee ey OT — var. B. microphyllum ...... 40
Galium propinquum, 4. Cunn. . i. 113 — van, y. debile «s 22. 22 40
— var. a. elongata .. =... 113 Poors, Die tod eec nie 39

VOL. IT.

354

Geum Chilense, Lindl io o nro. i db

Chuloense, DAVIS: ses, ner eer omm 55

Intermedium, Bet.o-.... a 55
WivOlucrotum. use... 29-4 an 56
Magellanicum, Comm. .............. 55, i. 827
parvitlorum, Comm... 1 2.28 56
Quellyons Sweet: «oss ewig sco 55
PUMUNCULOUN CS BOR iis a ene 55
SUD SCH, vera py 55
urbanum, Vie? ann. ; 55
Gigartina alveata, J.492< 2.0... eo s. 1,269
ancistroclada, Mont. .... Hansen 252
Chapmanni, Z f. et Harv. Cap. CXIX. BJs 251
Chauvinii, J. 49. . na deni nd
decipiens, Hook. fil. di En, ue d oni D
divaricata, Hook. fil, et Harvas airis 251
livida, J. 4g. . Sig sq E. pa DO
pistillata, inane Paes oe OL
—— yar. ß. dilatata . catas egg EL

du UE ee oue 251
Hadula, dA... Sn c ERN
sinata, 4.49. a engere rar D

Ginanmea furcellata, Mont. zra. ces ems ii. 245
Gingidium montanum, Forst. DE)
Gleichenia alpina, Br. e£ e. Caire ull. D
Cunninghamii, ZZeward > XXL) — 6
dicarpa, Br. . ee ee 5
var. B. pini ee ta 5
HWE X os 0 DITS anes 6, 338

hecistopkyliu,-N. CGN, ....... we eem
PGI aN i Dr. ni... 6
WAT OU Br... nee nen 5
5
5

gx

semi-vestita, Lab.
= var. S. heeistophylla e. ee

Glossostigma elatinoides, Benth............. 1.189
Glyceria stricta, Hook. fil. . Mee ota cits 004
Gnaphalium bellidioides, Hook fi. O md i.187

candidum, BEN... ou Ho romeo nu
collinum, Lab. ee einen 130
ee 140
Cunningham, DO. segrai =... 199
denibotums BOISU umi ro OS

myalucratiim, Foral. a... 0X 05 139, 11. 333
involucratum, var. B. ramosum? DC. ...... 1,139
Kertense, A, Cum... e od 138

== yat. 9. miola -sardana 199
Var. 9 macıolema en us 1058
= var. 9. spathulata „u, en. al. 138
Danone Bomben nn. 139
Mies ben 1. debe im nn 138
ul rc EI

INDEX.

Gnaphalium prostratum, Hook. fil. ...... 197, 1. 333

p
Page
ge

simplex, Worst. . A eee sett da 140
en 139
NEVE LO un T 138

ylıoatum, B.e S LSO

Gongroceras, Kütz, ............ cene so 256

Goniocarpus citriodorus, A. Can E des i. 63

tenellus, Drongn. +... a een wi 63
Goniopteris pennigera, J. SM. er... ii 40
Goodema radicans: DO... x €. ak i. 156

Tépons, Ld. es re me 156
Goodenovie, Br. . z Lie cs h 156
Gottschea p pet X do 150

Balfouriana, Hf. et Tayl. (Tas. CL ig Syl
ciliata, Mitten (Tas. CL fig. 4) .......... 151
cilüigera, Hook. fil. et, Tayl arawn 149
Elauceseens, Neeson wo uer LOL

TIO MOTO MONO: MON ts oe Vet nn Tod
ibehmanmiana, Lnd v.v c as Lo E
MODUS, Nees ee oc ee o cou mH 151
pinnatifoha, ees... .... 2... a 149

repleta, Hook. fil. et Tayl. (Tas. Ol. fig. 3). 152
splachnophylla, Hook. fil. e£ Tayl. ........ 150
tuloides, .H f. et Tayl: (Tap. CL fig. 1).... 150
unguicularis, Hf. e£ Tayl. (Tas. CII. fig. 1) 151

Gracilaria confervoides, Grev. ......:....... 11.248

coriacea, Halt. -e egi dite 248
J'urcata, Hook. fil. et Har. m es 250
multipartita, var. polycarpa, Grev......... 243
torulosa. Hook. m-et Hary. .. 2. 2.05 250
Ene Juss eo en i. 288, ii. 336

Grammitis australis, Br ano nn. da

== var B. villosa ar... ds 44
Billordier, Willd. ©... a 44
cd. Coh = v S e mut cds 44
leptophajlla, SW... c. dee Xe RR 45
WonesZelamie. Colm, ., irn: 45
TuUclfolia, BY... sr ae 45
scoldpendrina, BOJE- aw e. nen ans. 44

Graplidenr = no. ee ii. 302
Graphis seripfa, 202, 5.6. pS 02
Gratiola Peruviang, Bath: Ses ria eer 1.189

SAPUDCSCENS Do ae)

sexdentata, 4. Cunn. ...... IO

Griffithsia antarctica, Hook. fil. & pow 3 o ons]

yar. B. fastigiata . u... 258
SClACEA, Mo. o Mp ee e 258
== var. 0; MOMS a s e ee 258

Guintmia alpicola, Wils: ..... 2909000 o. 14
apocarpa, WHS. a e res 74
0J01100110; Layli nn. cat punc ttes 75

INDEX. 355

Page Page

Grimmia pulvinata, Hook. e£ Tayl. .......... ii. 75 Halopithys pinastroides, Kütz. .............. 11 994
—- var. ß. Africana ......... 75 Halopteris, Kütz. . x. a e que 22T

trichophylla, Creo. 00e Ee 15 Halymenia ? ee Harr. an ii. 247
Grimma ar ee, ii. 74 Novee-Aelandizs, Mont. r. a dee 253
doaiselinia 707005. Raoul... 22-2 0 i. 08 Urvilleana, Mont. a.a- ie eee s 258
lucida; FONS s eeo 0.0. 0 0 98 Hartighsea spectabilis, 4. Juss. ........ 1-290 1 924
lucida, Raoul... 20.2... 98 Hamelinia veratroides, A. Rich. ............. 1,261
Guepinia pezizeeformis, Berk. ..............li. 185 Haatonia furfuracea, A. Cuna... .-. 4... ...... 1.117
Spathulatias Hna cr ae ae ne 185 Hedwisia Humboldt, Hook. do. ii. 93
Guitlandina Bondu, 7 -r s: tse: oe A _ ii. 321 nn — var. B. australis ....... 93
Gunnera monica, Raoul... hah ss d OD wenns pM sess a uci ee 99
Prorepens, Hook: uL... rar e 66 Hledwistaeer rn 2. cece ai. ns, ii. 92
mrorepens Hook. ule cse a 65 Hedycarya: dentata, Horst. cs. asss sat -ais 1.219
Gyalecta cupularis, Seren 2... ii. 294 sonora, A. Cuhn. 206. on ee 0. 219

Gymnanthe Drummondii, Mitten(TaB. XCIX.f. 8)ii. 144
lophocoleoides, Mitten’ (Tab. XCIX. fig. 7).. 144

E Rug Gon c. eee es 143
setulosa, Mitten (Tap. XCIX. fig. 5)...... 144
tenella, Hook fil. cu Lal AS
unguiculata, Mitten (TAB. XCIX. f. 6) .... 144
Unvilleana; 744... 0. 0... 144
Gymnocarpb.- 2... Won. c lL 268
S iroli 7 Ag. (udo ese ele 50
yermicularie Je do o e 250
Gymnogramma Zispanica, Cosson ........... 1.45
Earl 2, ee e a 45
ruteefolia, Br, . ee BU om el 45
subglandulosa, Hook. " Geer. A 45
Gymnomitrium concinnatum, Corda .......... ii. 198
Gommopmen, MAL C o ee 21054
Gymnosporium culmigenum, Berk. : eur

Gymnostichum gracile, Hook. fil. (Tas. LXX). i. 812
Gymnostomum calcareum, Nees e£ Hornsch. ... ii. 59

vem Hooe cce d icut qe 82
mens oo a 82
e NOY eee a aa 81
TOFU: SULUTUP. t. e aee 59
Gynerium? Zeelandicum, Steud. ............ 41.337
Gypsophila tubulosa, Boiss. ........... ii. 321, 325
Halochloa, Kou a a 211
Halogossam KUZ cn y aio, ii. 219
Halorayes, Br... una nme nn i. 62
HigloragisalataJ00g. =se es E 1:09
CPC Ae e eL TI. a 62
depressa, A QUEMA 2... 63
SENOUUU ola ood. cl e E. 63
teneli, Brongn.: 2. ers iu 9-1 809
VO ussDrongnee s... eee 63
AA heiten a 0 et i. 62
TE A ee RE 62

Hekaterosachne elatior, Steud. ...... : i. 337
Helichrysum filicaule, Hf. (TAB. XXXVI. a i. 140
Leontopodium, Hook. V E: XXXVII. ^d 141

Helicothamnion, Kütz. . ce 4d IL 95
Helmmthecledeon .. . u... a... ii. 245
JHelophuum; Hook tl... 220 ee da 100
Helvella pannosd, SOW. << ae 2 1 189
Hemumcura cruenta, Mare. :...- 9 ii. 940
Hemionitis discolor; Sch o.. m aneii 2 0o ii. 30
Hendersonia hyalospora, Berk. (Tas. CVII. f. 8) ii. 194
Hepatice, DL... 0.0.0... 2... n 125
Herpestes cumeHolia Spr. ......... s ii. 821, 334
Herpetium involutum, Mont. ..............- ii. 148
Herpolirion Novee-Zelandize, Hook. fil. ....... 1.258
es o Des. cs we 1. 28
CESVCATUS, Me I ee 28
Hieracium fragile, B. e£ 8. .........oo.oo¿... 1,153
Hierochloe antaretiea, Steud... ooo... 11.991
borealis, Rom. el Schultes cri- os 5300
rasen, Aok- 0. 0, 300
racemosa, Tria r -r 00 a tb 991
redolens, Br. .... Sn... 1:900. 15 991
Himanthalia gladiata, uz o. re iE
Hoheria angustifolia, Raoul................- i. 30
Lyallus Moak- fil: (Lab. XL) ........ 01,8. 990

— var. ß.? (Tas. XI. 2 Eo be ees 1,94
populnea, 4. Cunn ..... Pale c n 30
— var. ß. Ines en 30
———- var. y. angustifolia............ 30
—— var. 6. crateegifolia ............ 30

Holcus Dionéus; B. yO... 0. 1.300
vedolens,Borsto o. 0. aa narn 300
Homoceras pulchellum, Kiitz......... .11,256

Hookeria adnata, H,f. et Wils. (TAB. XCIII. n 4i i, 123
amblyophylla, Hf. et Fils. (Tas. XCIIL.f.3) 123
apiculata, Hook. fil. ee Wals. 0... 399
E SU c. Ter ee 104

356 INDEX.
Page Page
Hookeria crispula, Hf. et Wils. ds XCIII. f. du ii. 122 Hymenophyllum enge e eges ii. 18
cristata, Hedw. :......: : 125 imbricatum, Col, So Bek qe e 13
Bucrocappa, Hedw: en... 123 Lyi, Hook fie... een 16
nigella, Hf. et Wils. (Tas. XCIIL f. = 124 minimum; Aa Bach. sae ee eet 12
Rallichsetum, Walgee s oe a 118 da, SW re e ee 12
pennata; Hook. ..... a IAE 120 Jens, Bram mer eU 15
pulchella, Hook. fil. et Wils. VY oe s polyanthos, Sw. . : 14
punctata, Hook. fil. et Wils, ............ 114 var. ß. on o oe 14
quadiitanas Sm. vert ee em NE 124 pulcherrimum, Col, ec Sees 13
robusta, Hf. et Wils. (Tas. XCII. fig.5).. 124 rarum, Br. oe 12
TOtulatu, SUM ee eee Oe a ee e 118 revolutum, Col. . 11
rotundifolia, H,f. e£ Wils. (Tas. XCIII. f. 1) 122 sanguinolentum, SW. «eee n 14
tenella, Hook. fil. et Wils. are XCIL f. $) 122 scabrum, 4. Rich. Sen 15
Hookeriacex ...... AN secundum, An Bach ee 16
Hormosira Toben, Hom eee se LD semibivalve, Hook. et Grev...... 13
a ee 215 spathulatum, Gol et ec 12
Hydnum clathroides, Pallas ............... 8.181 O o OS 16
Stopimellum, DOR: > ecoute 181 MMIN DELO OCUSCs oe me. em. 11
Hydrocotyle Americana, £o i, 82 = yar; a, euptesshorme +. ee tl
ROC M rer 00 Tunbridgensé, Br... e e 11
cupWalus Bs el S. 2. nenne ren... 83 unlaterale, JWld. co 11
WON pac Dora... see. 83 POS UM CO e 14
Cordy olio; Hook ub c ner... 88 VU Hook e hl 00... 11
dichondrefolia, A. Cann. ........- eee 83 Hymenostomum tortile, Brno Eu cs ii. 59
dissecius Hook Jis Perms wenn 84 Hypericines, DC. . oe 1.36
elongata, 4. Cunn. seassa n iae i 84 Hypericum aureum, Bänke et Sol. ass i. 96
derw B AD mese iie serrer i 82 gramineum, Forst. 86, ii. 326
Heteromena DO. TV I to eee d SE 82 cola Wabern LEE 1.096
IUD. De CU esc ern... 83 japonicum, umb. so e 0. ++: 37
microphylla, A. Cunt. or... 84 var hummusum as m. ON
iüoschalas Horst, a... ea. 85 japonicum, Auct.in part........-.-..--. 36
van O Compad ı.....2....:. 83 pusillum, Chois. ys ie 37
Nova-Zelandi#, DO. 0... 83 Hypnacex . ER .ii. 106
pilosa; We OUI nen ann 83 Hypnea orte, Der . ii. 244
Wi DL Bein... M Cee E 85 Hypnodendron ....-........ . 1, 105
Pa o 83 Hypnum aciculare, Lad. ee. lies ii. 110
Hygropyla dilatata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ....... ti. 169 aduncum, Var. Wils,.......: 107
Hymenanthera crassifolia, Hook. fil. (TAB. VIL.) 1.17 Arbuscula, Hook. ..... 104
Hymenodon piliferus, Hf. et Wils. (XCII. 5) . ii. 117 austrinum, Hook. fil. et Wi in. xxx. 4) 108
Hymenophyllum eruginosum, Carm. ........ 54.15 bifarium, Hook. . 116
utrocwtus OON a A NH 18; cerviculatum, Ak fi. 3 Wils. XOL 2). 115
Bolero Hook era... 15 chlamydophyllum, Hook. fil. e£ Wils. ..... 111
Divdive Smartars-. een... 12 clandestinum, Hook. fil. et Piw ......... 111
SPUN, Malle. er een. 13 cochlearifolium, Sehwagr. .............. 110
cupressiforme, Lab. o... eese 11 A o oa 108
densa Riera eo een 14 i e qd 108
A xr e AE 13 crassiusculum, Brid. 118
IDEM Lado SS 15 crinitum, Hook. fil. eb Wils. as. XCI. E 4). 114
A T^. an 13 cupressiforme, L. 111
jeans, KR Emm... nn 13 var O WS ee ee er 111
Franklimnum, Qol riere 2... 15 decussatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (XO. 2)... 110

INDEX. 357
Page Page
Hypnum deftexum, Wilsa a 2 22 Cem DO EHypoxides, Bie... «e ns nes 2d. 959
distichum, Schweg. ... PX 0c Lo Hypoxis hygrometrica, Bes. md e er i. 958
divulsum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (Tan. XC, f4y MHI Hypoxylon annulatum, Mont. .............. T 204
extenuatum? Brid.. : a AA concentricum, Pates... 0.0. OA
falcifolium, Hook. fil. et t Wils ee e Hystericina alopecuroides, Steud. ........... 11. 837
iheulzforme, Schwag. sen a ll
Jibferum, Vay le. <5 nee EA Heotictyon-cibarium, Tub.. 2.002... SS
dente Hook. ..... 110 Imbricaria, Fries 2... te 2.007934
furfurosum, Hf. et Pils. axxxvin. D.: 107 [poma pendula, Br ET. a. MEE i. 184
gracile, Hook. fil. et Wils. . o O Iridea decipiens, Hook. fil. et Harv........... ii. 252
hispidum, Hook. fil. et Wils. arodes CTETUR lanceolata? Haro: ooo OO
inflatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (Tas. XC. n 5) 111 lusoria, Harv. ... 252
Kneiffianum, Schonp. . na urn micans, Bory . plc M 252
o oL. e 112 Kadai; DON acc aoee eese teu 202
Meyenianum, Hampe .... .... .... eiii. 107 stirtata, Borys c.r ee ee ee 252
HUCTOCOT PON, Hedw. aese i eaa aa 9d Inden; Ju: era, 1. 252
HMoidies; Hosen... oT ee T Irpex brevis; Barks en one ee ae ISI
Mougeoteonum, -D'Urv-8- araea IAS TI Isachne australis, Br annan o L
mundulum, H. fil. et Wils. (Tag. XCI. f. 1) 112 Isolepis cartilaginea BA A A oT a E
muriculatum, Hf. e£ Wils. (LXXXIX. 3). 108 nodosa, Br..... ten 270
nodillorums Hs. o... [2009 prolifera; Br an ee ee 271
patale, Hook. fil. et Wils. (Tas. XC. E 6). 112 setacea, DA. ovis vei UE NM 271
plumosum, Sehwag. UE 109 — var... Monandra............... 271
politum, Hook. fil. e£ Wils.............. 114 var. y. lenticulass =+- ioe 34, 271
pseudo-plumosum, Brid. POM A LOD = yar..0. capillaris ses 1 ee 271
pubescens, Hook. fil. et Wils. (XC. 1 3). 113 serosa, A eh v.e ve n eee re
relaxum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (Tag. XC. f. 1) 100 Spiralis; A RIR sen reor eee 272
TCO ONE RU Ga wa a ee ee a RT 108 Isotachis Lyallii, Mitten (Tab. C. fig. 7) ..... ii. 149
Tiparium, d... recie 109 Subtitle, Alten dece c me en. 149
futsbulum; Da ee... 61109 isouneciacecs a... en ii, 104
Sandwichense, sis. et 2 ie wi 112 Isotheeium Arbuscula, des Bet, ii. 104
Serpens Ue ne een 09 var, defeza -s.n 104
Berigerum, P. -Beauve nsa eect es 118 OULU DIN cte etd a 116
sparsum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (UXXXIX.5). 109 Carnosums 4007 c sei
BUY OTING, Bd. se... ne 116 erassiüschlunsbud...... oo Ge 113
SUDOAS are, SCHWER. a een, 116 Jere Bude xc ee 110
tenut ostie Rec e eee 1 gracile, Hook. filet Wus ......:. 106
Hypochnus albocinctus, Mont. ............. ii. 185 marginatum, Lf. et Wils. (LXXXIX. 9).. 106
Hypoerea gelatinosa, Ares... cod. censi 209 Menziesii, Hook. .. - 105
Hypolepis distans, Hook. 5 RR ii. 23 pandum, Hf. et Fils. (Tas. ‘LXXXIX. £ 1) 105
Millefolum, Hooke eae a a 23 pulvinatum, Z7 f. et Wils. (LXXXVIII. f. de 105
jm DOME C c c T 8. 22 spininervium, Hook. ce 105
Hypopterygiese. . : een ee ure — var. py arcuatum -< 105
Hypopterygium catan, Brid Sense ii. 120 sulcata, OU c OA
CONCA, Bd 2 Jona mes Horst ee i. 292
ticulsetormo; Brid: oe ann se Teeba bresoidos Zn LS
MOUNT UM Hedw 4. a o E 118
rotulatum, var. B. incurvum, Brid.? ....... 118 Jonmantennna, Rute ee ii. 237
seliperum, PODES S... ne a IS Suena Decana A ce 931
Smithianum, Hook. fil. et Wits. oe eu. 118 DraCiliS; Monte rie nn 237
— Se var. e a a A 118 mierarthrodia, Lamom nn. ey
VOL. II, 4 Y

358 INDEX.

Page Page
Jania Novee-Zelandie ........ E Jungermannia v rne Mitten (XCIV. i: cmt DAS
var. B. nia Pax 237 repleta, Tayl. . a na
polais Mont: A ees 237 rhizobola, ook. i ee E 166
LS SONU ca e A OU Ee s 231 rotata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. (Tas. XCIV.fig.4) 129
Jatropha Curcas; 22 a pat eo ee RB ii. 829 erota Hook A e je p LH 143
June, Da: 2.2... . ip m S TS i. 262 schismoides, Mont... ves oda 129
Judeus Dutomus, 5. ...-.. Sn i. 264 Scolopendra, MooK. cc cc ae es 153
QUUD hcl. 3 5. feu 264 Equaneosa, Hook saeir ad]

capillaceus, a TOR egt nn
venhalotes 19.2. us, ms Baer 263 Kallymenıa Haryeyana, J. Ya a ue ii. 251
eommiunis, As Rich 0 os ae. too 263 Kampmannia Zeelandie, Steud. ............ ii. 337
DEUS D 5 4 ee dE UN 263 Kirüshüscxcelub bros fe aa i. 919
QD A uh. oe cele 8.0 265 ISosleria ‘cristata, Los Ge es er cans i. 305

tat ads ae a 262
Noves-Zelandie, Hook. fil... . ee 264 Tabiat a Sa a ene ure? OD:
planto as Bro o ce m 263 Lachenalia ramosa, Tan. b or uae T cuan i. 256
piben, Dre u... 0... 0002... 20% Lachnagrostis Billardiert, Trin. ............. 1.298
prismatocarpus, DR... Coe 263 UNO Sun X OR e s 298
tenaz, var. major et minor, B.et 8. ....... 263 orten dde nc ee 298
VOS abs Br. eoe es usas ur UN Jnasenoplova Hostel, DOG. a... 0 0.120125
Jungermannia appendiculata, Hock Rose a el OU lánata, DO, o e 126
E SW. sn is 146 petiolata, HooR fl 2 nn. 125
clandestina, WIS, e. c ne o ec LO pinnatilida, Hook. Ue os 126
COLON, Dem == ean eee LS Lanari Ole... e ecu nee ii. 261
concinnata, E kea 128 Laminaria Cunninghamit, Gxev. ............. ii. 918
POMOC ihn). 409 09. ue om 147 ‚flabelliformis, A. Rich. .... nennen LO
QU. SCHWER ee 4 ee, 267 radiata, var. D. peces "M 0 8
dontata, Hid ws ER a a 128 IDA TACO. 1.1.09. ee ii. 217
Eriocaulon, Hook... 2 168 Lampocarya affinis, Bronge al
Habellanı, Hook. me a en 165 facera, A, 400. eo ll
ogc era, Hook. u... tN 153 2 serijola, A: Riel ou, e QUAS ame tento lO
"insu AZ clc We 198 tenax Hook fl » 2... qux T n
Jarcala, B. elongata, Look... m o 166 xanthocarpa, Hook. fil. ........ 278
glaueeseens, Mode... eee e 151 Landsburgia quercifolia, Harv. as, CVIL). di 217
hippuroides, Hook. fil. et Tayl. .......... 146 Lapsana pusilla, Hild. eoe a eee ii, 321
Hymenophylium, Hook. : 166 Laserpitium spinosissimum, B. et 8. .......... i. 87
inundata, H.f. et Tayl. (Tas. XCIV. ie 3). 129 TOUTO RO Er dil i ies dee m 87
meroplylla oak vpn een 145 GOGH sguanzulosg, Presi ce aaa a ii. 39
monilinervis, Lehm. et Lind. = 148 Laurelia Novee-Zelandize, Cunn. (TAB. LI.).... 1.218
monodon, 4f. et Tayl. (Tan. XOIV. dd 2) 128 Tkaurencia botrychioldes, Harv. issa ose os ii. 234
PULA, dope 30i ci. us eso 167 distichophylla? J- Ag... u 0 234
nemoides, Hook. fil.-et Tayl. . .— .....2,146 elata, Haro uv c ou nen en 233
Boa Hecke. 0 u... oo 151 Forsteri, Grev. ..... Bee ment re
autos, Mleicher =... . 0... 2a... 148 gracilis, Hook. fil. et I intl err re
palma, Hedw. nel cs bod papillosa, Grev. ouso oV e eee d
pinsi, Vayl sce nn gt 144 Yupatm 4. 10 tn NS mated 934
pendnumo, Hook... ..... De 146 Batrenoneew.. o so ee ee
Emus Hook... .... u... 166 Tianrmen Ins Sr are ee mde i. 216
ro 0 02S Hook. s s iaa nn; 149 Lanus calivaris,-D. et Sus .. oet m i. 216
MOTTON AN e ie e en 163 valer ol, Boch. Snot. an. roe 217
pulchella, Hok cc ccm d as DI Tarini, AN QU ars aros Eoo eee

|

INDEX. 359

Page
Lauras Tawa, A Cm... . 25 0 0000
Leathesia Berkleyi, Haro... es ii. 220
Tecanactis impolita, mes... ........ 11. 303

Lecanora Domingensis, Ach.................1.293
extqua look a eu. 0 0 0 208
muscorum Schon... ne cur CDU
quimicem. DOCH... S 292
thiodes, SPEDE. .... en 292

Lecidea abietina, ch., var. saxicola, Bab. ....11. 302
albido-plumbea, Lay 902
atro-alba do]. 8 0 SL

contigua Mes — ea za
contigua, var. B. re Td, ra
disseminata; Day... 2... .,.._ 302
flavo-virescernis L708 0.9 9 v 801
QOSSUDUId NC a I 288
lapieida ? Jus. ac ae wees et a SUL
maniania k Daje e a2 0 a ee ee 300
marginen; A AY aa > op 0.00. 299

marmoren day ce a a DIR
parasema, dol. ee o UL
parvifoha, Der... A 299
Deren ag. e oid cuc OL

platyearpa, Aches an, 301
EUDCSUAS, Ach... men s e et 293
BUCO NO Nie en DOT LE 301
yesiculans, Sc era 301
Econo 4 o9 co ee 29
Leguminosee, Juss. ...... ae)

Leioscyphus repens, Mitten (Tan. XCVIL. fig. 1) ii. 134
Leiospermum racemosa, Don. ............... 1.80
Lejeunia albovirens, Hook. fil. et Tayl. vue DO
anguiformis, H.f. e£ Tayl. (Tan. CIL fig. 5) 156
comitans, Hook. fil. e Tayl. ............ . 189

dentata, Mitten ........ O
implexicaulis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. . uo 158
deviate, Men. e CS 157
latitans; ook. JU. et Tayl 2... 19
Mimosa, Wook, filet Tayl. ......... 09 158
mollis Miten ce a m DOO

nudipes, Hook. fil. et Tal. (Tas. CIL f.4) 158
olivacea, Hook. fil. et Tayl. (Tas. CIII. f.1) 157
ophiocephala, Mitten ....... pre 00 156
papillata, Mitten (Tas. CITI. ig D) acutos 158
pleatsoppha, @ D eN. eG
pulchella, Mitten (Tas. CUL. fig. 2)...... 157
scutellata, Mitten (Tas. CIT. fig. 4) ...... 155
Stephensoniana, Mitten (Tas. CIL fig. 3).. 155
subintegra, Hook. fil. et Tayl ........... 135
thymifolia, Nees . ; a 8
tumida, Mitten (Tas. ‘CHL. ee 8).

Page
Temna abha >». 8 0 5 O
minor nn 239

Lenormandia Chauvinii, Harv. ....... —- 11.2922
—- var. p. dh. im 208
Lenormandia jungermannie, Desmaz. ........ 273
A an 25 v e ELO i. 206
Lentinus Nove-Zelandie, Berk. ............ii.176
Lenzites repanda, Fries... i earar tk
Leontodon elegans, B.et 8... .............. 1153

lactucoides, Bis... 151
Taraxacum, Mook. til. -s -cere a 152
Lepidosperma australis, Hook. fil............ L279
Clanton, A OU e een 279
loneiudinalis; La eera 279
Sidi, Br ee gs 9 0 09590 S 219
Lepidozia-capillaris, Jand: o. 2. cel LL
caplllicera ud... ee S 145
Götischeang, Land. ae : 0. 145

lenitolia, Layla O
daindenbergn, Gotische. s- 2.172... ANG
microphylla, Land... po... O
peuduhna, Lind. =. -a e ao e 146
preembens, Lerm eb Lille... nea ... . 145
spinosissima, Mitten (TaB. C. fig. 2) ...... 146
tetradactyla, Hook. fl. et Tayl. ..:.2...., 146

tetrapia, Hook. til. et LayL ............ 145
Tepidium pondosum, B. et B. o ea es. cd do
CIS DI a ee ee 15

Oleracelım, HOTS. 9.9 a ecw cw 15
Eepumella dioica, Hook. Jl... ...1129
— var, y. pusilla 0.0... ... 129

Minor, Hook, Jul, =. eur ne log

USI; Hook. Dio neu obese oc B

Bqualida; PIO uo s oM EUR 129
Leptocarpus simplex, Br. (T. LXI. 4. et C.) .. i. 265
— v. B. fasciculatus (LXI. B) 266
Leptocionium sororum, Brel.......—...,. it, 18
Leptodon- Smithn, Michel... 20. 2 i 99
Leptogium azureum, Mont............-.... 11908

Brebissoni® Mou... 4M 307
sconeum, E 1.55... 589 45 5 388
Tremelloides. Zr. ..... 2 o1 o
Leptopteris Enola, Pr a DX UR ii. 48
Bupenba, Hook, a... .u...:... 48

Leptospermum ericoides, 4. Rich. .......... 1.70
perjoratum, Rose se... a 69

Bou UOS BOTS dr nn 66
SCOpa, HORSE, ern nennen: 69

amp ola. c. eus 69
— Vat. y myrulolum s......... 69

var 0. prostyalum . un. 70

360 INDEX.
Page Pago
Leptospermum scoparium, Forst. ........... 1.69 Eimosella zezufona, Natt- o- oer cts. debo
SUCTTOSUM, GE Gl. een 69 unused Lesson, Boy c4 e e 0.20
Leptostomum gracile, m. Bp. i I eee ii. 82 ANTIGEN SOO RENE SC uU qur MR 19
qnolnans 4€ BI ol en 82 cia Dnyse- =. c 2 x. 19
muicköchtpen, HAW oa eee 82 var pe besson a 19
Leptostroma litigiosum, Desm. ............. i, 198 NINA Dya 0... 19
var. exasperatum .... 193 viridis Col ern... 19
Lester cæspitosd, Vledw. erie nare a le DIS Tue DO o m ee TS i. 28
conca WOOK, i ar eree ees 119 Linum monogynum, Forst. e se oles
Dm el O — var. grandilfom. B. d 8. ; 28
NUM deese o quce 99 var. dimmsum 2. vs 28
l eutaformis, Medwe.:...2...2.....: 117 DISSOpRYLUMEBEELS. c o an. i. 98
specials, Dayl to. ne ee ee 101 Liamin Phil FN 11. 238
moie MEAN. ea O Bonadi e ie ec Teu ee i. 26
Nove-Zelandia, adreg.. Soe ee 116 Wobelia viata: Wale Si. re ee i. 158
rotaldta, lO e 118 aean Ge en 158
sulcatum, ON E e coru ee 104 angulala, B eD dec T I 157
tamaniscma, Rs. IS AMIGAS TA co ser ee 158
Lessonia Mscescens; Bory... a 1.217 WHOM AUIS, ES E ee eee 156
GUETCY ONO, BORE a0... me LO Popula Hook. files... te, ce 158
Leucobryum candidum, Hampe............. 31,64 quusuowes ReO U von. art 157
Leucodon calycmus; Hook. i ve- ........ ii. 64 SOMES NOMI. a ne ES 190
nitidus, H,f.e¢ Wils. (Tag. LXXXVII. f. 4) 99 A E or T 1.156
PA c ipsc IE S 67 Logania depressa, Hook. fil... ce... 1.171
Dencodonten ue 00: uec t eS "it. 99 Posanaea QS qM c 1.176
Leucopogon Bellignianus, Raoul............ i, 165 Trohun perenne Da. CE ii. 322
Colenso Hook JU eu E i. 165, ii. 333 temmdenum La 2. 0... 322
HSC CUI A uu a en... od fona DN Sp o ues ii, 30
To s A Rich... cre 163 AICC Cum uec A 30
Pren: CUL a ecc 100 Banksii, Hook. fil. cut EXX Val ie 31
eso palas, DS c AV oe 165 Colensoi, Hook. fil, Dur D GA 29
Teutosuctb BB 2 a o to LV 11.976 UID Og c I dE p UE Cp 29
Libertia grandipora, Sweet. ele ... 2.2... i. 252 discolor AUG cer C RU Re. 30
Role SU ee E LE ES 252 A RUIN a. 29
Tera A OUM cce cn a pina ec onn C a 46
Ticken corineus, B. Bob. . 4... 095 4-990 10H 0U Huvalılis, 2097. ele ecc ur e 28
rien DB BO oe aes 093 090 ol) Pazeni, A QUAM NGC ee LIES 31
dis B B cium a CTI S WOITODAMU Cola, Ra eT 29
dbi dB ue e c oe cer 299 lanceolata, Dr ne ee ee E 29
LM ee ii, 266 hu. Cie eee
Lichina pygmæa, gd coap olt ne aE WON reet T 30
dis, Dui; 3 (CXXVIII. 0) 311 nigra, Col. . en ee 31
acer C AS ec e TENDIT Bue. jg uu ire 30
Lictoria, J. Ae SS eee ee ii. 233 pimpinellefolia, Hook. fil. Rus on d IE 46
Ligusticum Aciphylld, DOS cs Soca tee EST Polypodioides; (TAU, eee un... 30
amsol ams ett Se iwl otn 89 procera, SD IUS 27
QOIS Be S ren. 90 — var. 6, minor t OM LXXV. > A 27
Gavi, DOr: nc rfi la O 89 PrOpingua N: Cum on eee eens 46
Eee a en oe ee i. 954 punda; Kaoul a a a URS 28
Limosella aquatica, Z., var. tenuifolia ........ 1.190 Panel Bl ere 29
stritli, DE aa E a a a A T 190 A RATE = a R 28

INDEX. 361

Page

Lomaria Valcanica, Bl... ov. ae sce eee 1029
Lomentaria afinis, Kitz... oi > 2.1.2988
Nove Lenhge, Küb: ar... 235
parvula, Gaill. . A OO
Lonchites tenuifolia, Forst. cena 102
Lophocolea allodonta, Hf. d Tayl. (XCVII. 5) ii. 137
alternifolia, Fl. Ant. ...... aie 136
biciliata, Mitten (TAB. XCVII. ie i 187
bidentata, Nees. . (dri 5
chlorophylla, Book: Al. set Tgk. Pa Apo
Colensoi, Mitten (Tag. XCVII. fig. n 1
diademata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ........... 186
UNO N rer
Cono T G eV NES. te ul
grisea; Hook. fl, et ayh ie sa ncasa 1b
heterophylloides, Wees ...... sat epa
lenta, Hf. et Tayl. (as. XOVLI. fig, 2) a 136
leptantha, Fl. Ant. a USES
leucophylla, Zayl. .... re ai
multipenna, Hook. fil. et Taka iaa leb
muricata, ees... 1. 39908 00001093
Novee-Zelandise, ee ee Ds 135
pallida, Mitten....... da hee 1080
physantha, Hook. fi et TL. ees ee
ipotyciada, Hook. hil. et Tayl... i142
recurvifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. S ar
TOMS, oO Sl eco =. 2155
sabuletorum, Hook. fil. et Tayl........... 135
secundar olia; a. Le ot IN. LS 6
spinifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl. an, do 181
subporosa, Mitten (TAB. XCVII. fig. 8)... 137
subviridis, Hook. fil. et Tayl............. 185
textilis, Hook. fil. e£ Tayl. . a ol

triacantha, If. e£ Tayl. (Tan. XCVII. fig. at 138

Lophothalia, Kitz. ee . ii, 932
Lophura Gomardi, ua bo 200
Lopidium concinnum, Hook. T ii, 119
pallens; Hook. fil. cl Wü, SLT
Poranihacen Ju 5 E oce i, 99
Loranthus Colensoi, Hook. fil. . a 99
flavidus, Hook. fil. (TAB. XXVIL).. i. 100, ii. 331
miernie, Hook. fec oc tx eg 00
temntobus Hook fu se 00
Veurapetalus, JOrsh. Do me e eerie 99
tenanta lus; BEL DS: us ic 00
Roms arboreus, PoR = . 0 00 2.5
Hoxsoma Cunanghami, Br, 1. 2... 9 1, 18
Luzula Banksiana, E. Meyer ............... 1.265
campestris, DUE a 9
pipe 4 4006. 5 Ro eh

Lycoperdon celatum, Fries . 51,190

VOL. II.

Page
Lycoperdon Fontanesii, D. E. e£ Lév. ........ ii. 189
Semnmatum, M ecu. e To AO
microspermum, Berk e...) 190
Noyse-Zelandie,; Dev... rn 2. 190
pusulum, Ap 1598 ae ee 190
oe ME D E 190
reticulatum, Berk. . ilk. wd OO
Lycopodiacez, DC. . a UD
Lycopodium bas, Sri ing. OS
Carolinianum, Z. . PSU Ei A 54
COMMUN Le oc eet iis ces yee 54
clavatum, Z., var. Maediobiciah xi ch 54
Deren A Fe ae T 55
densum Lab. ss rss ee a 53
diffusum, Br ne re 54
Drummondin; PIE. a. ea 54
DIU rollers. uch eu. usa a 55
Jastutatum Da o ME
Jlagellaria, A. Rich. 53
Henkei, Presl 55
heterophyllum, Hook. - Gree 55
Jussieui, Desv. vis 55
laterale, Br. sige ia 53
— var. B. nean 54
RR PM. a Fon c 53
Lessomanum As Rich, - S ups oe 55
Magellameum, oW. a aos 54
UMMM De an ne E RE 56
iPDleemaru, Te 9.5.55. ET ca as 5
Bıchinchenses ook. V... or a 5
RE OU S an Re cuc PAD 55
SRDUNISO OD. SPUN wes E ea (itat sie an 51
A die cux t v Ie E eden 55
Belang, Jj. uo ce cui Qoi e 52
Ser pentium? KUE sin ae cis ee 54
uU 55
varium, Br. . Vili cu ED d Ee 52
volui zio. Vu DC T oum 55
Lygodium diam, A Rish: EE
Lythrum hyssopitohums 7; ds ee ed
Macrocystis comosa, A. Rich. ii: aceri aani ii. 214
pyrifera, 4g. . (expers uc ead
Macromitrium idus. P. Den. Teac a
gracile, Hook. ugue 00 niaaa 78
hemitrichodes, Swenk = 2 ea = 19
incurvifolium, Hook. eb Grev. ....ooo.... 79
uie aa = na, os LE 78
JO noO e 00K o ps ads ee 78
Wale D. ACUIMONUM .. as 78
Mauritianum, OCT. es 3: 2. im eee 78

362

Macromitrium microphyllum, Hook. et Grev. .
microstomum, Hook. eb Grev. ...........
Puerro een
PLOLEDCNS, Hook... ee na

recurvifolium, Hook. et Grev. ...........
retusum, Hook. fil. et Wüs. (LXXXV. 6)..
subtile? Schweegr.
sulcatum, Hook.
uneinatum, Brid.

moro moto +... 6000... ..

Macropiper excelsum, Miquel...........---- i
Macrosporium obtusum, Berk. ............. 1
Madotheca elegantula, Mont. ..............H

gartita, 'Tayl. SE E dE
DUNN OCG Juv uc UL ee
Masuohace® DO...
Malvaces, JMS a en
Marasmius caperatus, Berk. 4. oe. tees
Maitia elegans. Badli csr. as en
salicina, Sm. vs
Marchantia foliacea, Mitten .
ETSI. Sn s En ee USC WS,
macropora, Mitens sisses reir nn
Riida, Lenme eb Laje ris o AA
peata MUN sem as
polymorpha, Hook. fil. et Tu 5i MEER MEE
tabularis, Nees. ......

Marginaria Boryana, 4. FM ug E ji

gigas, A. Rich.
Urvilleana, 4. Rich.
Marsileaceze, Br.

Mastigobryum iioc: Mitten (Tas. c. dii xia
anisotomum, Lehm. eb Ldbg. ............
QUUD VEY o eee BE E
Colensoanum, Mitten (Tas. C. fig. 3) .....
convexum; Dina. nme
OÍ. DIU. erue cie E ME
Monilinerve NCGS ivan cs ca y ee
monilinerve, Tayl. .. Fide
Novie-Hollandin, Nets. a. ed. ar
Novee-Zelandiee, Mitten (Tas. C. fig. 6).
Taylorianum, Mitten (Tas. C. fig. 5) .....

Mastigophora hirsuta, Nees .... t. Eois taa ii

Mastocarpus bracteatus, Kütz. .............. ji
US KU V ee. en

Mass Puro Dr na nn

Medicago denticulata, wind. ee an

Melaleuca florida, Forst. .

A ne
Ra 00 Korsı. 5 evs Wk es c PROS
MA E aa ee en:

Melanthalia abscissa, Hook. fil. et Harv.

INDEX.
Page Page
0280 Melanthalia Jaubertiana, Mont. ..........:. ii. 242
79 Meliaceze, Juss. .. ER i. 38
19 Melicope simplex, 4. Dii b. QUERIT OS i. 43
79 A Fee 48
78 Melicytus lanceolatus, Hook. de m nod 2.18
19 macrophyllus, 4. Cuna. . ze ES
19 MVCN UMS 7004. v cere EU 18
14 ramıllorus; Horst, oe diee ar en 18
14 Meliola amphitricha, Pr. <s sese esea n eevee ii. 209
1, 228 Melobesia calcarea, Hil. eb Soll. .. ii. 938
ii. 198 Patena, Moon. fter Oro en se. 238
i. 155 Mentha Cunninghamii, Benth. . i. 205
155 QUE Ops ee.
155 Merista levigata, B.et 8. ......... 1.172
LI Meristoides paniculata, B. et B.....o........ i. 35
i. 98 Merretia lucida, B. e& 8. .......... i. 49
Tie Méertensim e S CRUS Sere ak Fe ii. 6
ii. 49 Mesembryanthemum australe, Sol............ 116
49 Mesogloia Brasiliensis, Mont. ......o........ ii. 219
ii. 168 intesumalis; Har? row OS 220
169 Natalensis, Kiitz. 220
169 Vogelit, Hatv. ...... weld 220
168 Meteorium en Tay gi. c T ii. 101
169 flexicaule, Tayl. ... RR 101
168 mole Sede a oo ee es 100
168 nitens, Hf. et W. (Taz. LXXXVIL fig. 7) 101
ii. 213 pusillum, Hf. e£ Wils. (LXXXVIIT. 1) ... 101
914 Metrosideros albiflora, ‘Sol. .......-....... i. 67
214 busıfoha, A. CUINA... 1 ee ee es ee 69
ii. 56 Colensoi, Hook. fil. ....oo.ooooooooo.... 68
EU IM LENS E Ea a ae S 67
146 dusa, N. Oum... E sie a 67
146 CUCEISU Beet Sara a a E vice Reet os 68
147 florida; Sm. (LAB. ANS) aan nen 66
147 florida, Hook. ..... A 68
148 hypericifolia, 4. Oi: Tan. XVI). juu 67
148 lucida, Menz.... OCT EA 67
147 Werde, ME EAA A ee 67
148 myrtifolia, Dte cc Te UT 67
148 perforata, A. Rich. ss e ci werenn 69
147 robusta, 4. Cunn. (TAB. a PISTE 68
ii. 153 salicifolia, A. Cunn. a 176
ii. 252 sendon, Drei ee ee 69
252 tomentosa, 4. OU. ve ec ee 68
i, 189 QUA EMO vp pee ee os RE 67
ii. 821 Metzgeria eriocaula, G. L. et N.....oo.oooo.. ii, 168
i. 66 furcata, Nees meeen ERIPUIT P 166
67 = yat. Majol A 166
69 O E 166
ii. 211 prehensilis, Hook. fil. et Tayl ........... 167
ii. 242 Microcacalia australis, A. Rich. ............ 1.125

INDEX. 363

Page

Microlsena stipoides, Br. 3.0... .. 0... 1,289
Micromeria Cunninghamii, Benth............ i. 205
Micropeltis applanata, Mont. .............. ii. 207
Micropterygium nutans, Mitten ............ 1.148
Microseris' Horsterl, Hoot: Jls .. u... 1151
pygmea; Raoul... 0. eee 151

Microtis Banks, A. Cunn, ................1.245
porndolm, Spreng cle eer LO

Mida eucalyptoides, A. Cumn. .......ooo.o.. i. 224
Trot, A CUm «vu SIS 224
Salicifolid, As Gunne un ee. 224

Mimulus? radicans, Hook. fil. ....... 1.188,11. 334
A A de 1088

Miniadelphus, O- Muur etae ii. 122

Mmarum forum, Bots... eie ee e OUR i. 74
Jüsbioulatum, Dr. x. c ee TE se
Pelunculdtum, Dab ise ve ann 14

Mnium rhynchophorum, Hook. ............. 1.87
rostratum, Schwegr. ..... c ones 87
rostratum, var. B. Inan i Nees RA 87

Monermos Lawrencit, Hook. il.............. i LSL

Momisforinia Siebert, Bory -Te ec o dem 215

Monimiacez, Juss. c ae dece IS I oH]

Montia fontana, L. : (ecc oo an

Morelotia eee Gai. MENS meno TT

Muhlenbechia........ eR sel

Muhlenbergia MU rama. ook AA DU
A A as oe

MUST JUSTO ao aio |,

My Oporinees Br 503 0 00 0 poe oU

Myoporum etua Horst. 4. 52 omnei Od

Myosotis antarctica, Hook. fil. ....... 1-201,41..99b
australis, yi «ec oo doo aeri
capitata, Hook. file. cs caer a 200, T1895
Forster Rem- A Dol AA 00
Dyal OOK fil, 22, 22.0.0200 909505595
petiolata; Hook: je... ara i. 202
Samosa: Hook f. ven... 07
spathulata; Horst. eu D

Myosurus aperatus, Gay. „u... i.8
arista tts LEN ERU uso TEE St 8

Mymanglacer aea 0.02. en ii. 810

Myriangium inconspicuum, Bad. (CXXVIII. B.) ii. 310

Mymoclada Capensis, d. Ag... ...... cs eden

Myriodesma Boryanum, Kütz. ..............1. 918
querorolium, v.g. c.c a O LS

Myriogyae minute, Lessee: Tio ee SO

Myriophyllum elatinoides, Bae PES Me DO i. 63
Indicüm, NORD. Pan coc wenn 64
UO TDRQUMP CN UU. 2... ne 63

vanefouunt, Hook gi cn. oe ue 64

Page

Myrsine ? divaricata, A, Cann cocco M8
Salicma, Heward aans o eS
unduldta, A CUNY «v TR
en u 00
Myrsines, Br... a A PO
Myrtaces, Br.. sm ye O
Myrtus bullata, B. a 8. sss A IU 1.70
©bcordata, Hook. Sle ne ns ee 71
pedunculata, Dafi Be. Gl
Ralphi, Hook. fil. cio re ii. 329
Nadace, JUSS: se nern ar i. 235
Nasturtium officinale, Br. . a)
palustre, DO. ue an. ee i. 14
semipinnatifidum, Hook. .........-..... 14
SyIDesire, A. UC 2.2... a 14
terrestre, B^. ue lan OI euer 14
Neckera cuspidifera, Tayl.. en 3. 101
levigata, H.f. et Wils. (LXXXVIII. 3) ... 101
pennata, Mod. cue NS dE T ce 108

Planyfouo, Hook... 2. 108
860080, LOOK. o eoe oo ee ten 10D

Neckeraceze . > Se ee 103
Nectria Sadan Boke. ee =: 208
polythalama, Berk. (Tas. OVI = 15) = 203
Nemalion Navalense, Here... ..2.1220
NERA UEM. c odia cont 245
Nemastoma? attenuata, Harv.............. 11, 955
DeL AD es ern eb
eudivictolm; LOPD 22612 AA 101955
intestinalis, Harv. ..... 254
pinnata, Hook. fil. et thane. (Tas. CXX. B) 255
prolifera, Harv. . ‘ iiu c ADD
Nematoceras ae Hook. fi il. (LVII. A) sd: 250
oblonga, Hook. Ju. (TAS. LVL BJ 2.2 235
rivularis, Hook. Ji... A es 251
rotundifolia, Hook. Jl... 201
inlobe Zope. u... 250
Nephrodium decompositum, Br......+...... ii. 39
— var. a. glabellum (LXXIX.) 39

——— var. B. pubescens ...... 39

glabellum, A. CUM... .ooooooooooo.o.. 39
iO lO Die. e nn ERE 40
squamulosum, Hook. fil. ..0oooooooo... 39
velutinum, Hook. fil. (TAB. = <1 89,11, 388
Nephroma australe, 4. Rich. ........ c dp
Lyalli, Bad. (Tap CXXVII. 4. = idc RIS
resupinatum, Ach. . See gt ae IV

— var. ruh, UM e a 279
Nertera Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. ........... 1.112
dopressm d Cl ey eA ide fee 112

364 INDEX.

Page

Nertera depressa, A. Cunn. ..... Hec i IH)
dichondreefolia, Hook. fil. (XXVIII. A ) 112, ii. 331
gracilis, Mao. re ae i. 331

setulosa, Hook. fil. (Tas. XXVIIL B.) .... 112
Nesodaphne Tarairi, Hook. fil. ............:. 1.217

Tawa, Ook fila ie re. ee o.
Niphobolus bicolor, Spr... c: Tersar carie dl AS
glaber, Kaul. ende 44
FUDSsbp Sn Ses. A oa ae 44
pers Windle s 920 ee 44,
Nile Hookers Braun. I 6
Nitophyllum real: Bev, Votum ae TT
Dl J 1G. c M icm A
minus, Sond. .... en oM
multinerve, Hook. fil a Buy x o RL
palmatum 4547 a 940
—- var. f. ium v qe re 240

——— —- var. y.? membranaceum ........ 240

— ——-— var. 9.9? pinnatifidum ......... 240
————- var. e.f? erispatum ............ 240

? suborbiculare, HD. near ea 242
tc. A rie: ee
varolosunbo Mare. 20.2. 55 4c al:
Nostoc verrucosum, Vauch......... ii. 266
Nostochines <2. =A 7.5 vibe an 00
Noteroclada confluens, Tayl. ii. 163
porphyroriza. Muten- cour are 163

Notheia anomala, Bail. et Harv. (Tas. CIX. 4.) ii. 216
NGtholsenadistens, Ar... o. oti ees 46

Nyan Ju i clc. ect a 1208
Octodiceras Ditlenti, Bridel |. ........1..... n. 08
Gidemium robustum, Berk. ........ 5:09 Hs 198
Olite DD ee er Tee i. 34
QUE apetala, X. Con 2.2.0.2... cmo ajo
Cunmnphamt, Hook. flu. ec te sen... EET
lanceolata, Hook. fil. . En lG
montana, Hook. fil. (Tas. XLVI.) ¡ARO
Olearia angustifolia, Hook. fil. ............. 1.115
Colensoi, Hook. fil. (TAB. XXIX.) ....... 115
insignis, Hooh: flo: 0 22. eee... ML, B81
yall, 00k. fils co. Sass coto eee A LO
Opening, Hoo Jilo apreti esc Uae 114
semidentala Wits cc ecco cb
Oleinem Hof. aeee ir lO
OliBostphonia, J. 49.4... e eT
OR, Sotrichums DU pe. he ee JA
Olivia, Mont. i hess RAS
Olomitrium perichetiale, Budd. A uns. NEUEN ii. 60

Omalia auriculata, Hf. et Wils. (Tas. XCII. f. 4) ii. 115
falcifolia, Hf. et Wils. (Tag. XCII. fig. 1).. 115

Page
Omalia oblongifolia, M.f. et Wils. (XCI. fig. 6) . ii. 115
pulchella, Hf. e£ Wils. (TaB. XCL fig. 5) . 114

Cia ita Cente rier ee, ae oU 11, 114
Onati Juss 3... ots T terse 08
Onoclea nuda, habe. 222.8... wech os i. 80
Opegrapha scripta, var. a. Fries ...ooooo o... ii. 302
012550; var. D. venosa, Schar... es. ii. 303
Opercularia aspera, Garin. .....oooooo...«. 1111
diphylla, DO 2, 08 2 ee oe 111
Ophioglossum coriaceum, A. Cunn. .......... ii. 50
costatum, SD ES ren 50
elongatum, R. Gunn xv alt ar ee tes 50
gramineum, Wild... igs cae ete E 50

E RSWONCUR Wild... 2 ee T va 50
vulgatum. o. us a 50
——-——— var. B. costatum............5- 50
———— var. y. gramineum ............ 50
———- var. 8. Lusitanicum ........... 50
—— var. e. MinimuM.............. 50

OBRryS cornuta, Beet essent © sr. 0024
unifolia, Horst... igs wen: sem niea
Oplismenus semulus, Kunth................ 1.292
Opuntia vulgaris, Mill. ....... eene ii. 321
Orchideze, Juss. . E cs
Oreobolus pestis, Hah, fil. ee. a
Oreomyrrhis Colensoi, Hook. fil. ............ 1.92
Orthoceras Solandri, Lindl. ............:... 1.248
sirictum, A. CUAD. 3 am 243
Orthodontium sulcatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. ... ü.81
Orthopogon emulus, Br. ©. 2... 22.222.222. 1.292
Orsthobrichem +.... ir en 10

Orthotrichum acuti fiiium; Hook: " Grew. an:
calvum, Jf. et Wils. (Tag. LXXXV. I a4 80

fimbriatum, P. Beauv. ...... ix 11
gracile, Hook. . ee 78
AA er 78
(ONG ROSIE; Hook. c.c. enc O 78
pumilum, Sehwagr.. ver... ee... te 80
recurvifolium, Hook. et ie. UE 78
serpens. ?- Hook. ei Grey. sie 19
Os leri: Bost. oo ee 20
Oscillatoria, oe oon ee
Oscillatories® ...... Dose s une Ui: qnd de OO
Osmunda obtusa, B. et S. mam cc ur ood
Fonts, Bt, «5. qutbus een. e 46
ternata, iu men 50
Ourisia ceespitosa, Hook. fil. u. se eevee ees 1. 198
macrocarpa, Hook. fil. ....ooooommm..o.o... 198
macrophylla, Hook. ....-. een nnn 197
Oal ee DO... 0 bud al
Oxalis ambiguo, A. Rich. .... 2. 2... 2.» i. 42

INDEX. 365
Page Page
Oxalis cataracie, A Cine nenn i, 42 Parmelia chrysophthalma, 4ch.............. ii. 287
e era As OOOD: nc are 42 chrysosticta, Tayl. ....... 293
corniculata, Z. . RER 49 coareiata, dob. (eoe 291
var. p. striola Uu ME 42 conoplea, Ach. 2999
—— yar- y- microphylla =: ocna 42 conspersa, Acha nen 286
—— Vare0..Cllilfera a a 42 diatry pa, Ach: narrar 286
Vale. CrassHolia ner. 42 elegans; Ach a... A D. 291
crassifolia, Ay QUIN. ee nn 42 enteromorpha, Ach. i«... ec edes 286
dwergens, A. CUNO. «ede e s 49 eee NONE a ook ti es 292
emis, A. Cum. any ot sakes a ot 42 densjouensiss- PM... an. ed 291
flaccida, B. et 8. . 42 irustulosa, var. thiodes, 2.2.3.2. t 292
lacicola, A. Cunn. m Uae 42 PUDONG don. a ud ern 291
ducied EO eu o MEUS 49 Gayanı, Monk... oos e n 288
Magellanica, Forst. (Tas. XIIL) ........ 42 gelida Ache: sa ne 291
microphylla, A- CUA ie, ke 42 gossypina, Monl: asc sete 288
propina As CUNN. aos E oda 42 var. filamentosa, Mont......... 288
replans, Horst. una sen. E os 42 eyrosa?. Monti nen 293
Simota; MOOL Al wire age at o E 42 herbacea, Ach sun ae 284
VOLL, A AIM: re 42 etat, Tayl ea. 286
Urvillei, X. Cunn. en 42 INDOOR. 1.20 eti Se 303
Ozothamnus coralloides, Fon fil. EMS Y tactucajolta, Pers... eras 2.2.0981
depressus, Hook. fil. (TaB. XXXV. 2). (515194 lenupgmosa, Acha... 0... ee 000 280
glomeratus; Hook. fil. «ciis ar eA 133 leucomela, dehesa 288
microphyllus, Hook. fil. (TAB. XXXV.4.). 134 O eei e a 270
Delago, Hook. lee. mn ea ii, 332 moniliformis, Bad. (Tag. CXXVIT.B.) .... 287
Vauvilliersii, Homb. et Jacq. 133 muscorum, Ip es 0402 ne 291
miprocincta, Monts. nas sere 290
Palm, Jus. se, Pr o SS 1.261 Ohyacea, ls a 286
-Panax anomala, Hook: esto. i wen en ees i. 98 palleseens Epoca ara 292
arborea, DOF eius ne 94 Fineituaeden a san 287
Colensoi, Hook. fil. (Tas. XXI.) .. 94 pesforatas Ach, ane oe are 285
Hdgerleyi, Hook: fil. 2 un. LLL 94 pellata Ach ar ee E E S 284
A oe: Se JI E ue 96 PES Oo COR M S ees es 286
linearis, Hook. fil. ou col AS oR 93 pholidota, Mont. (TAB. OXXVIIL 4.) .... 290
simplex: Forst: 0.0.0 7 900.2 09995 18880) physodes; foa carse sondei tee 286
Sandanec, Bis conos ce ce O | — — —-— var. £. enteromorpha, Zuckerm. .. 286
Pandanus inclinans; Biet S. rn ale 1.237 physcdes, Val Ir sun ua a i 286
Panicum gonatodes, Steud. in 4 eie 22214837 picta A eee _ . 988
tenax; Je... ns e Aaa E Era Hi. 336 pumba Zn... 0. 2. voee 289
wnguinosum, Beet e s nn ei 1. 292 pinos Layla o x oe e e 288
Panus maculatus; Derk «sven Por ii. 176 proboscidea; Ly. 285
Siyptieus, Jr. er en nn sn 176 pulvenulenta, Ade c. 4: c e 287
Parablechnum procerum, Presl .............. 1.27 Ducum Achsen ee ue 292
Parietaria debilis; Forst. ooo lll. 2226 pyrophthalma, Mont. d CXXIX. 4). 292
Parmelia applanata, Wée ie dei os CIC 988 reticulata, Tayl. . een 284
atra, Ach. = 292 rubiginosa ? deh eee ee m I 289
aurantiaca, var. nia Fr. ac cuiu. qur 099 —— var. B. sphinctrina, Hook. fil.... 289
aurantiaca, var. y. calva, Ere... vele. 293 var. y. araneosa, Bad. 289
ANC Ay eh LUC in an ck SO ee OT uos NAN ol cy be fe 989
A ann. cok e LACER URS 291 rubiginose, var., Fr. eee MENS
cero Mont. en 999 UPS IIA TE oo PET PEE 298
VOL. II. Sa

366 5 INDEX.

Panmeha saxatilis, Zen pers crai 02 ii. 985
SCTUpOSb ER. o. o ve Ce eoe ood UU
Dicher tana, kaur. OU AST

sophiodess var. exigua, #7... 0, 0.0... 292
speciosas Ael aw laca PC geet 288
SPHMERINA, NEON es, 9. re ee d 289
Spulbsd Loyli ae penno en 287
stella MO oer u.c. o o ie OO
Bubiusen, 05 nr 292
toreorata, Marlene... os ce Rene 286
Hacca, Ach. re ERs Ree aa. een)
popa ir 2... oc om o d 290
vido uL e qu err 299
ventosa, var. Domingensis, Eschw. ........ 293
Nerrucosa, IN, een. Eis 293
Parmelace nn... wor er ten ii. 268
Parsonsia albiflora, Raoul. ........... q 131, god
Capsulas. Raoul sorene te A 180
heterophylla, Æ CUNA Hee ques 181
TORCH; DUON vote ote: i o p on RC tes 180
variabılıs, TANG, ode c e PES ER 181
Paspalum distichum, Burm. s: cs o... 2-0... 1-991
DUE EISE. i a EN aa 291
ortica le Borsu-. vl oe cho et 291
serobiculatums leas Puta Leere EIS 290
vaginatum, PW. NE cue. vi ee BENE 291
DOLUSTUIM SB. CU Se E V ee oe id 291
Passen ma. pulos, BOTS orire vets a 1. 220
Passiflora tetrandra; Bet S. 2.2. daa 1. 73
Passillore®, JUSS... CV $e rr en ae 1.12
Patel atra a u. eo oe ii. 201
nigro-cinnabarina, Schwein. .........+.- 201
Paukateria littoralis, Raoul . = Sous 98
Paurocotylis pila, Berk. ae Cv. a 9) m. ii. 188
Pelaphia uceros SD. CUS. 2. evi e i. 109
grandifolia, Beet Se... ee vase seve eee 104
Utd, Be BC E ea 104
IOUT OUT Doob o. ve os sp oss eta 104
POr OA nn 109
retusa, Bet 9. ve. ipe NI LER
Pelaphoides rotundifolia, B. at 8.. ae 1. 106
Pelargonium acugnaticum, Pet. Th. .......... 1.41
plandesbituti, 470707. s «c 04 0 wk a, 41
Pellia carnosa, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ........... Tt 171
Permien, Rahe e a O ER ii. 971

Peltigera canina, var. pusilla, Pr. ........... 11. 211
polvaacty n Tog do eise o ses aon gas ee ld
muicscons s HOT. A een 271
EUG A ee 271

Pemphidium opacum, Berk. (Tan. CVI. fig, 9). ii, 207

Pennantia corymbosa, Forst. (TAB. AIL) ..... 1,35

Page

Pennantia Endlicheri, Reiss ana tii. eem ii. 826
odorata, Raoul -daens a 1. 35
Pentachondia pumila, Dr... erai ae ea i. 166
Peperomia Urvilleana, 4. Rich. ..........+-. i. 928
Perdicium senecioides, B. et 8. ........ eeu. 1, 149
Periploca capsularis, Borst. i. -inde e soe see de 180
PCT SCAT Un ee eh LS oce Con i. 209
Persoonia Toro, 4. Cunn.. rss eare 2... 1. 919, 11. 835
Pertusaria communis, DO, de en ii. 306
cacarbiwule, Monk. a tU he e 306
Poia e trop ee S ii. 299
Petalophyllum Preissii, Gottsche ............ ii. 164
Petroselinum australe, DO. .......... l.c... 186
jijonme, A Bach. men a 87
Peucedanum ? geniculatum, Forst. .......+.-- i, 90
Beyssonnelia uus0sa, Har... ode er vo eee ii. 245
Peziza calycina, ME ma a LT tie 200
campylospora, bork, m E 200

chrysotricha, Berk. (Tas. ev. de. 1) DR g M
Colensoi, Berk. (TAB, OV. fig. b). ......... 2.200
endocarpoides, Berk. (Tam. CV. fig. 8) .... 199

Kersuelensis, Berk. ce do eon ie 200
Matiiha: Ber cv ur v ce ORC Ad rer 199
montisecola Bela... o VV een 201
PUNO; Schwein, scc cv Sy egies m 303
rhytidia, Berk. (Tan. CV. fig. 6).......-. 200
diede. c e ii 200
Phacelocarpus Labillardieri, J. 4g. .......... 1. 242
Phalacroma, Hook. fit. eb Wüs. cee. 00. ii. 96
Phalaris Gananensis,; de 0. 545 00s i. 322
Ddscuh o OMA a a a dud lcu ii. 58
Phascum apiculatum, Hf. et Wils. (LXXXIII. 1) ii. 58
Phebaltua nudum, Hooke weer 3 a2... i. 44
Pmionotis mareki, DIA. oe e Ak ok ii. 89
Phlebothamnion byssoides, Kütz. ............ 1.260
opari; KU er. 259
Phlyctæna dissepta, Berk. (Tas. CVI. fig. = ii, 1. 194
Phoma acmella, Berk. (Tas. CVI. fig. oe i, 198
ta ui NOU. O
Phormium Colensoz, Hook. 1. a E A ENET i. 256
Cookianum, he dolis — 6. ad. eo 256
Morsterionums OO. ccc e as ee 0. 256
TEN, OP Sle vec. een 1.256,11. 336
Phragmicoma plicatiscypha, Hook. fil. et Tayl. . ii. 156
Phycopteris interrupta, Kitz. esri: esias ii. 218
Eh COROITS TUG UO Bor e. e c ene ii. 265
Prylierpa, Kütz. .....:: . li. 260

Phyllocladus alpinus, Bas, ii il. (Tas. Hm). soi 285)
+homboidens, A- Rich. «c rere OO
tuchomanordes, Dom: riie: 0. u ce 235

Phylloglossum Drummondii, Kunze. ......... ii. 51

INDEX. 367

Page
Phyllogontes o.o ir e em ii. 102
Phyllogonium callickroum, Mont. z . ii. 114
elegans, Hf. et Wils. (TAB. LXXXVIII. * 6) 102
Piyitophora obtusa, Greve en... ever ii. 249
Ehyllospora comosa, Ag. senri 00... ii. 214
quercifotia, Hook. fil. et Harv............ 213
Phymatodes Billardieri, Pres] ............-. ii. 42
pustulata Presi. ne a. 42
Bhysalıs pubescens, Ar A eal ORG
Physcia, Wr A A ii. 987
Physcomitrium apophysatum, Tayl. (LXXXVI. 6) ii. 91
Perrottcun Wont. ve O 02
pusillum, Hf. e£ Wils. (Tas. LXXXVIL f. 1) 92
Dyallorme, Dr. eb Sohimp. eu. 2a 92
var. P. pumilum c c eem 92
Bierischierdeioides, D a ee 151
var. B. glabrata ‚en ee EST
Pilacre divisa Bok. o toov uL E 4.197
Pilidium Gortarie; Deakes irar a T. ror 35106195
Bllotrichee 0 ac NNLLA etae ii. 100
Püotrichum cerinum, Wils: oe- nen e ii. 101
Pimelea, Bach Sivan. ee ee i. 220, 1i. 326
Pimelea arenaria, A. Cunt. ee 2... 1.221
DIEN Bee Senne 220
Gandia, Horse ss se see 221
~——— var. B. Menziesü ............6.. 222
HONSTONA, SE el See CA UE eR Se 220
yall OOM a cce mr. 222
Plose Ss aa ONS T ee 220
prostrata, Fahl. d amaron 2 CN IE 220
OL B. Tepens <i. 2. c ee un 221
gaam yarim Bot P re OL
Wivilleands £. Rich. 2... Br 221
villosa Dy msc ee 221
virsata, Kohn mn A 220
Piper exceleum Lorestan te cee i, 228
MSG Beau. c6 tee See 228
MISC BOC Spee. S te EE 228
EPELA CER Auch. ren i. 227
Risonia ponde, AcCunn. , 0... e i. 209
molam Hook, fil (las, LJ- 5.22.20: 209
rstulatncovala an a... IRE ii. 186
DBIGOSDOIGO Br 2. o ee "at
Pittosporoides verticillata, B. et S. .......... 1.23
Pittosporum Colensoi, Hook. fil. ............ i. 22
cormtolum A. Qunn 2... 32 4 ae 23
cornifolium, var. B. A. Cumn. o... 24
Crasso Num, Des. c e 23
Crenulatum, Putt. 2... ii. 825
elegans; Ragule eee CC me i. 23
eugentoides, dO Oum. san. i. 22, 11, 325

Page

Pittosporum fasciculatum, Hook. fil. ......... i. 24
obcordatum, Raoul... 01S 22
pimeleoides, Cum. ee 24
var. y relexum.. 0... 24

Fodicans, A. Cuna... es 0. 24
Tulum, A. Cuna. 000 OY 24
rigidum, Hook. fil: (UAB. Ny A 22
tenuifolium; Boel oS. vou 00. 91
umbellatum, Bel 8. v 0 o 24,
unorum, Cole oe O 22
UI d ee rae ee 929
TIRCOUUDE eK ee a ii. 991
Plagianthus betulinus, 4. Ounn. ............ 1.29
divaricatus, HOTS 0... ee Sun 29
urticinas, A. Cum... LET 29
Plagiochasma australe, Nees 275.2 2. 2. ii. 168
Plagiochila adiantoides, Hook. ............. ii. 131
annota 159 011. ss. 0T OS 181
ansata, Hook. Jl- et Layla. 131

Arbuscula, Lehn. et Tind: cice... 133
cognata; Hook. fl: et Tayl.: ee 194
conjugata, Hooke. 00400. LSO

connexa, Mook. filet Tayler om 130
deltoidea; Dady iiri sariri re 131
Dicksoni, Hook. fil. et Tayl. (TaB. XOVI.f.3) 134
falcata, Hook, 31.15 evi A A 191
fasciculata; Lundes ss iii: 180
gigantea, Lind. are 133
incurvicolla, Z, "n d Tayl. (Tas. XCVL ig 2) 132
Lyallii, Mitten (Tag. XOVI. fig. 4) ....... 132
microdictyon, Mitten (Tas. XCIV. fig. 6).. 131
pleurota, Hook. fil, eb Dayle... 2. o 134
prolifera, Mitten (Tap. XCIV. fig. 5) ..... 130
radieulosa, Mitten (Tas. XCVI. fig. x en
ramosissima, Lind. .... = 4193
Sinclairii, Mitten (Tas. XCVI. fig. 5. 138
Stephensoniana, Mitten (TAB. XCV.) ..... 133
Plamtapiness, Just... c ove ose i. 907
Plantago Canosa DE. oo eS es i. 207
lanceolata; De. e a ana a 9D
MAJO a O 322
Raoi Deine. a i. 208
spathulata; Hook. fil... v on 208
unora, Hook fil eorr e e TCU 207
voa; A UUM. c... o. e es. catu. PUB
POMA, I. SM. c p cei geek ii. 94
Pleeivanthus australis 37 T. e.c. de. H. 821, 835
len a PP 5g
idum. ner oe 08

Pleurosorus cuneatus, Fée oe a 1o 5v
N ee

368 INDEX.
Page Page
Plocamium abnorme, Hook. fil. et Harv....... ii. 246 Polygonum prostratum, Br... a 12209
angustum, Hook. fil. et Haro re pe 246 Polyotus brachycladus, Gottsche ........ ii. 152
COCCINCUIT, LYNG. neo S cies 245 clavisarna GOAT I. ete iR aua H2
corallorhiza, Hook. fil. et Hard........... 246 ur h Stangen... 152
costatum, Hook. fil. eb Haro. .. ¿0.3 246 var). uylorpee eres 0 102
eruckerum, Hard. 1... 0 A 246 Mavellanicus, Gaos 0 ces 152
dispermum, Harv....... Us 246 Palpebrifolius, Gois. 2... 2.2.8 152
Magellanicum, Book fil. 2 Er po. au OD Tao, Oe Wig CU NG Sc ec er, 152
procerum; Hook. ju. eb Haro. ade RAD Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst. ......o.... ii. 42
Biocuria, A es oe 2.0 ii. 243 nienvouin, SN RICKS eos a cs ers 43
Poa alnis, Dr. 40v ee 1.307 BUT DE wo duc
var, g.aprostolde& v;i,- ciw OUT dichotomus OT a 6
aan a e m E eleagnifolium, Bory .......:.2...- 44,
var a elata $9. 1 eh ey poo Granadi, Dr. 55 mc 41
— van 8, 10losar 2. 0 A pus 306 invisum, Forst, ... d 39
= var. Dreviculmscs. 2. ss n een 306 mardtioides, Kauf. 2 ser 48
ANNE p Tu C UE TEILS medullare, BOT gue sen a ur eres ji
QUT OUS SED. o eds 337 Moeller Horst, REEL ee 40
australis, A. Rich. 254, ee os. ee cary 1,306 pennigerum, Pot. ee 40
COSDWOSLOBOISU v. d c LOL LESE 307 Phymatodes, A. Rich. . in eA
hypopsild; Situado + OF vara heats: ii. 338 pustulatum, Forst an. oes 42
imbeeilla, Fort... a lO USE OS FUSION 41
ATH ICR UG Wine Sa DAG 10 nen 337 MOTOS, Dn l.i amets de as 44
BIS BR T WT 1,307 scandens, aber... a a 42
vaya bie piolla — 5 m a 307 UL NSi cce eee 44
vat. P: Miola u. v a 307 stellatum, Ac Dich, ae ah ern 44
BOIS habe. er... e TT an 310 sylvaticum, Col. (Tas. meer 41
A a e 15-991 tenellum, Forst. a 43
Sprengelü, Kunth? .-.... 206 1801 villoso-viscidum, Wastin E 41
Eodantke squamata, Layla ren ii. 144 POUSSE eee es ee 41
Podocarpus ? biformis, Hook- orrs -erter 1.284 viscosum, Roxb. iS ae 41
daerydioides, 4. Rich dr 2.50. 20535238 Bolyperus adusws, re... na. 1.178
Ja. Hook 3... E v 194 memanis o tcl UR 177
ferrüginen, Dana n EN vien 232 australis, 47... V... 179
nalis; Mook: -caros sere nen Oe catervatus, Berk. (Tan. cv. la 3 180
spicata, BPs. m are 939 eimnabarnus, 47... t 179
IOUS, Di an ee 09 (OLEO DAR E I en eg 178
Totara, Æ Cin: oo. e ov oa vel os or a99) dicimus Pe II. ee 118
Hubo abo duod. e E C ETE TURNS 231 CUES SS Der ra, 180
Podomitrium Phyllanthus, Mitfen........... u. 164 hemitephrus, Berk... eh 179
Fogonauum, Lebe vp 0.0... 0 ii. 96 hirsutús, Dr <2. .s 179
Palycarpon tetraphyllum, L-e- ar o 321 E De ca 179
Foye eE, JUS o... e es ee i, 209 iudldes Berk, a SIM 178
Polygonum adpressum, Lab. .........«..... 1.210 leucoplacus, ARR. nee. 1
australe, 2, Wich, nn... i. 910, ii. 335 Bede ir, ern 178
ayıchlare A. an 140.0. IR i. 910 oblectans, Berk. ... 177
axillave, Hook. fl... . 0%. «cv ch 2d, 995 phlebophorus, Berk. (Tan. CV, > » se
O perum, A Cunn: le erc te LO plebeius, Berk. pes 179
T ccc cce T 910 SACS re s v C 179
ephedioudes Hook. KL coi ans er Si anguibus. dv... v v vs dob ame 116
pieoem, E CUN. a vt oui Se I0 somnus Hr, en 178

Polyporus ee dyes 45e D
velutinus, Fr.
versicolor, Fr. ...... Supe
xer is Berk. (Tas. ov. ie 2). vienes
Polysiphonia abscissa, Hook. fil. et Harv. ..... ii.
Apr O70. er u ee
aterrima, Hook. fil. eb dan modus C E
botryocarpa, Hook. fil. e£ Harv. .........
brachygona, Harv. ;
Brodimi? Grev.
byssoclados, Hook. = et S
cancellata, Harv. . -
cenatocladay Mon, oae e
cladostephus, Mont. ...... ees
Colensoi, Hf. et Harv. a. OXII. 0) =
comoides, Harv,
cory obiera pp LM tui a
decipiens, Mont 6 o. we ne
dendritica, 4g. $5 ss vs RAE AS oct
implexa, Hook. fil. eb Berta ub Sahl OVE
isogona, Harv. een
Lyallii, Hook. fil. et Ba a aaa
macra, Harv. iu ORC SE
Maui Ie, TION Aa cn Id
microcarpa: Ul, Ani eas bo e
Hand Mayo MAA ONE eom unt
AMIS TESCONS Grey ar
Pennata Oe RM Un e caos eee
Tamulosa, Hama... ae
rhododactyla, Hart 5:0 90.
rudis, Hook. fil. et Harv. ee
rytiphloeoides, Hook. fil. et Harv. ........
strictissima, Hook. fil. et Harv... .
Sulivanse, Hook. fil. et Harv. .
variabilis, Harv. ee
—— var. f. vetu WC rye
Polystichum aristatum, Pres! (Tas. LXXVIII.) ii.
coriaceum, Presl ee:
Monge eer

Schkukrii Prek s ce

vestitum, Presl ...
Polytrichee-...... Eee.
Polytrichum ee Rot O ore

angustatum, Hook. OE

australe, Hook. fil. ii ils. + (XXAVE 6).
commune, L. — cm
convolutum, Hedw. ......

crispulum, Hook. fil. e£ ils. CXXAVIL 9
dendroides, Commers.

juniperinum, Hedw. RE A E
Magellanicum edi. a. eee

VOL. II.

INDEX. 369

Page
180
179
179
178
227

230
227
232
228
228
37
37
38
38
38
94

Page

Polytrichum subulatum, Menz: a-n- 96
tenuirostre;, Menz: 2... ae. 2 94
tortile; $6... 2. ide ae 96
Polyzonia adiantiformis, fee .ii. 926
bipartita, Hook. fil. et Harv. Tan. CXI. A Da 224
cuneifolia, Mont. ae c4 2 206
var. p. bifida I ja b. d pee 226

Harveyana, Done. o se a t?
var. B. TREE mne dr 227

ovalifolia, Hook. fil. et Harv. (Tas. CXII. B.) 226
Pomaderris elliptica, Lab... eee 0.2 136
Giallo) Neh soo, =, ee ee ae ED 46
CA MENA Sieber... ie. oe Ss 5 46
Menmerano, A. Cu nn 46
Ps AO 821
Poranthera e e ee ee ii. 322
Porma eneurbitula, Wont: -ss eer eei ii. 306
endochrysa, Mont ss. e ios dL adeo 206
Porphyra laciniate, 49... oe c. oe te 254
UNUNE ion un D E: 264
valgadas Ag... os OA
Portulaces, Juss. o... e T
Potamogeton natans; Lo 2 008 0e i. 936
ocreatus, Baom- a. 1.238,14 336
pectinatus: L. 5... a s 11.336
Potentilla ansena d... ui 22... 94
ansermoides, Raoul ».............. 54
Pozoa trifoliolata, Hook. fil. (TAB. XVIIL) ... i. 85
var, Peutipaliita. ss eos cce 85

Prasiola, K clo PUN du E ii. 265
Prasophyllum Colensoi, Hook. fil. ............ i. 941
Dudum got uo oec LI AE ape 24.2
pumilum, Hook. fili. x cato oc 242
tinica; Hook. fic u... ee E. 249
Fratia angolata, Hook. JU. un... 1.157
—- var. y. arenaria ............ 157

arenaria; Hook Ml. e aa 157
Primulaces; Juas: e ee i. 207
Prionitis Colensoi, Hf. et Harv. (TaB. CXX. 4.)ü. 254
Protea, dus 3... 2... o 2 1.219
Psiloclada clandestina, Mitten (XCIX. 4) ....ü. 143
Psiloplum, Bnd... 15. 0 ee te ii. 95
Psilotum triquetrum, Sw. = =... 09-0 m. 96
truncatum, Br. . POE CU eT 51
Pterigynandrum E Hehe. es e mos. T2
Preis qais, A Rich, 2... 2... 0.25
aquilas, L, var. esculenta 2. a5. 2.2.0 25
Brunoni ona, WAE -ea 22. eee. 26
COMAS POSi eee esai en 26
anicka rini, Bosse a HII. AE 27
R, POE DO E e A 25

or
w

370 INDEX.
Page Page
hans alcala, Br, ur 0000.30. 1000 Radula complanata, Dumoré. „............. ii. 154
unus HOTS. pe... ie a 23 marginata, Hook, fil. et Tayl. ........... 154
nuclei. 4 Mich. at ues 26 multicarinata, Ldbg. .. eee 154
Biicrophylla, 4. Cunn edt seh 26 plysoloba ori ut occn desi ue ti e ceri 5di
montana Coh. o 26 pheata, Miren, nn. 0. meer 154
rotundifolia, Lort: eaa Ae dd uvifera, Hook. fil. Cb TW. wae oy cate es 154
scaberüla, A. JUR... Ro een 25 Ramalina calicaris, Ara... 9 2 2... i. 970
schcamlis, Hook. cess sanso o 24 — var. 8. membranacea, Laur. 270
Venas, CUM ei een 25 Janmacen CN a a 270
AROUND. Fv sce, ce eM UE 25 SLUG ULC, Ach pH ee 270
Nespertiionisy £05. ... 4. en. 26 Jue Sch O a E 270
oil Hemenlam, Lal S
Pteroceras en Kütz. E Cited DD. ines Acha cos o d Ae 270
Pterocladia lucida, J. dy. . pac id usneoides a soe sss re 270
Pterostylis australis, Hook. fi en o Rannnenlacee, 7459. =... es ar
Bunks; AR c 1 0. 080A a aaa i«Renunculus acaulis, Brei c coetus cocos 0,
foliata, Hook. fü... 2... 2 dpud ms 249 Goris, A Cum a ee ea 9
graminea, Hook. für... neuen un na. 248 geraniifolius, Hook. fil. (Tas. IIL)... .. 9, i. 323
a LOC HOOK le. c os ere Ge 248 [Uus Bean Do e 3 A M NE EE 9, ii. 894
a puberula, Moor. für 22-2 ee A incisos, Hook. fil, (UAB. IN.) 22... 10, ii. 324
| gquamuta Dr l.l. c ov cu e Un du ME CPU insignis, Hook. fil. e Ea A e 1.8
I alo Hook, a 249 macropus, Hook. fil. . ato car 10
Pterygophyllum arcuatum, Brid. ............ ii. 108 Monroi, Hook. fil. . M SEGA
Riu ROCHON, Dd. 0 anne ne 104 multiscapus, Hook. fil. ns Y) bug i. 9, ii. 324
IA BG. 2... ne 124 — var. sericeo-pilosa .......... 1.10
Pulonia Masellanıca, Hart. ola nae 11, 235 — var. coriaceo-carnosa ........ 10
Edota formosissuna, Mont. al „ne 2.29 rirvicolascHool ch a 8
pellucida, Harv. se AVI plebeius, BE ceee ene vanes O
Piycanthus mollis, Hook. fil. m Tayl. ce e em ii. 156 plebeius, N OUN . ta de c LO
Piychornion, Hook. fil. et Wilse oo. as 1110 UE B,e 8... oe Il
Rüremea compacta, Berke 22.0.0 ii, 195 sesos Drs 0.0. eG e 11
Graminis, DO.. M M dc 1m 100 Raoulia australis, dioi fil se bape peers 185
Pyrenothea Se duse. dos umi owe O02 bryoides, IL seo nee. nahen ii. 322
glabra, Hook. fil. . =. cr. LD 332
Quinn eliptica, Hook. fl... LIS grandiflora, Hook. fi. (XXXVII. A.) .. 136, 11. 882
serrata 4. UNE. as OO en 78 subsericea, Hook. fil, msama Teer 136,1. 832
tenuicaulis, Hook. fil. (TaB. XXXVI. 4.) .. 1.135
Becomitrium. qouaticum, Brid.. roams 22.82.1906 Renealmia grandiflora, Br. ae vols 252
OTC TA OUI e e cx Leere 16 E o. x o a med
UDIN Nom)... 76 Restio lateriflorus, Br. . idu. poo 5
crispulum, Hook. fil. et Wils. een 75 singles, INOW awe dcc T 266
fescrenlare, SU V oe a es ae 76 Una Bo et Os etc ren 266
lanupinosum, Brid: 22 2 22 76 Rhabdothamnus Solandri, 4. Cunn. ......... i. 186
— var. pruinosum............ 76 Rhamnee, Bra de pee eee AD
Protensum, Braum aka e oes a 76 Rhamnus axillaris, B. et s. ul adii ONU i. 46
rupestre, Hook. fil. Cl Wis dee eet b Rhipogonum parviflorum, Br. .......... + .. 1.288
copar os ii. 120 Scandens, Forst CU ee a eee OS
Racopilum australe, Hf. et Wils. (XCII. 7) .. ii. 120 Rhizogoniacem o... <<... is 1.115
cristatum, Hf. e£ Wils. (Tas. XCII. fig. 5) 121 Rhizogonium bifarium, Hook, ....... eee ii. 116
robustum, Hf. et Wils. (Tas. XCII. fig. 6) 121 distichum, Brod, ua a ee 115
Radula buccinifera, Hook. fil. et Tayl......... ii. 154 iiniodese UE u. ae 116

INDEX. 871

Page
Rhizogonium Novee-Zelandie, Brid.......... ii. 116
pennatum, x et Wils. — XCII. fig. 2) - 116

spiniforme, L. xi e. : cos oce odlo

TOO CIS SK uia. eic dee UE. onte ii. 957
Rhodomela ceespitosa, Harv... cn cn not ii. 225
concinna, Hook. fil. eb Harv. eo CXI). 225
Ciumardi- Ag: <6 ee cce DO
? Spinella, Hook. fil. et He ad Rd AN. 244
ño lonblaces o oo eS ii. 222
Rhodophyllis? angustifrons, Harv. ......... ii. 947
GINS Haro s. e d cu a ai RAY,
P» lacerata, UNO: syisa dd vm 247
membranacea, Hf. e£ Harv (Tas. CXVII.) 247
Mhodospermeaces qd. ok ores on toes ii. 222
Rhodymenia corallina, Gree. zu... n.d... e ii. 248

coriacea: Hook. til, et Hany; 4 acc can ee 9
dichotoma, Hook. fil. e$ Harv. .......... 248

epyMenloides, aro... e 248
FHombronmma, Mont. eee err. c ka an 251
lanceolata, Haro on 248
Lineare -Ae4d. ... oo. beu b oo OS
SMSO Grm o. edo ee T 252
membranacea, Harv. ...... Ue. ER AT
Montagneana, Hook. fil. et Ham. Sos 249
Palmeita, Hook. hl: et Harv. aX. sv -irs 948
prolteras Munere eo luce Mu LEN 249
sane unca Manor... e etr tiva ae 248
vurienaia. Mont. a nn cca um oe ve see 260
body mec 0... 0.0 DF cone se ii, 245
Ricca acumınata, Layi, enana n rea 171
fluitans, D. es es oe es eed 172
lumen e.a e o 164
dB E erden 172
squamatas Layla 0. c ee 144
ROADE AUAU A. RO. LER nes etl 04
Rosaceze, Juss. ..... SUD DA
Rottbellia uniflora, A. Dun $0 4 Ken Ps reds 1.312
Rubiaces, Juss. .... wavs: ces ipd
Rubus australis, Forst. (Tan. XIV. E i. 53
— Var. 0, plader. 454). donas 53

———- var. B. schmidelioides ........ 53
——— var. y. cissioides ..........o.. 53
Cissivides, A OUS ai 53

SCL miden naes, Na COI, ein 53
Runer acco e eor ee re cel ee
Brommanus, Campa... 7.05 Hee an

CUSPUS D. eo oo aot ee e 112029
TGEUOSUE. D. OUS. cuore nee 1.241:
‘Huppla maritima, Inn ere aes 1,236
diübnoup Ju er o Cp Cep ai oia i.48

Rytiphloca delicatula, Z,f. e£ Harv. (CXII. D.) ii, 224

Page

Rytiphlea pinastroides, J, Ag. so. 422s ii. 224
Saccogyna australis, Mitten (Tas. C. fig. 1) .. ii. 145
Sagedia aggregata, Er. a, uno... 11. 803
Salitarma austral D. et De. aaro aan _ i, 216
Indica, Walla... se. ea ee 216
Salsola australis, Dy. io... .... ee ae i. 916
fruticosa, Horst... oa cue ec PIA
Kali, var.?, Moq. Tand. Pan. 4 eR NR EE A 916
Samolus Wttoralis, Dy. =. ee. 000.2 rc ec o PUT
Santalacess, Dr. ........ en [nn

Santalum Cunninghamii, Bar. fi. ..nn
rong p dust... o ns uses]

Sapota costata, Alph. DC. er. 1.174
RHDOUem, SUIS. ....... jos cs dj
Sarcochilus adversus, TEES if i Ui aw E rae i. 241
Sarcodia Montagneana, J. Ag. nerie i reai ii. 242
Sarcomitrium alternilobum, Mitten .......... 11.167

Crassum, MUn a o ee 167

eriocaulum, Mitten - ........ ee . 165
multitidum, Millen... cs ee 167

palmalım, Millena es 167
pinnatilidum, Mitten... a 167
prehensile, Mater... o 361
Sargassum adenophyllum, Harv. ........... ii. 212
LOU res OWE concu Ge d Od 211

bacererum, Ad... ed
capillifolum, Much. + oo 0n PIS

crassitolmm; J, 40. se 2 nu... 211
ürosenfohüm, Boy 2... 20. ne OT
duphcatum, BIY saanee c cea 211
Franulierom, 49; ea on 202.2. x an ys 211

lonstolum, 272. es se a ee
permea, Rich... o. shen a eo de DEP

plumosum, 4. Mich. ¿dol as a 212
Raouli, Hook. fil. et Haro... cupos 212
scabridum, Hook. fits et Haro iis a 211
Sinclairii, Hook. fil. et Haro. «do... 211
area obtuslola |... ont es 211

vuls306 Ay i eid 211
Sauloma, Hook. fil. eb PUB, > as ii. 122
Saxifragese, Juss. . Se EXE ha ie wes deo
Scevola Nove- LOTA A, Cain en 1.17
Standing brachiabus, Lab. =: cas a is i, 91
Scapania Urvilleana, Mont. ......... sss ii. 144
Schedonorus Billardierianus, Nees .......... 1.310
littoral; Bob on. dioi ee 310
Valo. MIMO... a Swans 310
Schisma Scolopendra, Nees. . pate Ad
Schistidium apocarpum, Breck e cdi. sis dde AA
Schr aa DINGS US e eq UN e ad du ii. 47

372 INDEX.
Page Page
Schizita dichotoma, Sw. ccce nem 4T Sendtnera spinosissima, Hook. fil. et Mayle rece ii, 146
propinqua, A. Cunn. AT Seéuebiéra didyma, DO m a eer de 820
Schizoglossum, Kütz. ©... cece eee eee 240 pinsaufda DO- Min. de 320
Schizophyllum commune, Py ctc eet oe SL pl Senecio argutus, A. Rich.........-.-2 500055 1.142
Schizosiphon scopulorum, Kütz. ........-...- 1,265 Banksi, Hooke jen «es sen 146
Schlotheimia Brownii, Schwegr. ............ 4.77 — yar. B.? velleia ...... e 147
mean Moe ne ee Se a T 71 — var. y.? scabrosus de dou EE
Sehogflera digitata, Forst. ..... eee 1-95 bellidioides; Hook. fil. ............. 144,1. 833
Schoenus arenarius, B. et Se... eee 1217 Bidwi. Hooks Meca ro m: i. 150
erythrocarpus, B. et $. 278 bifsiulosus, Hook fil. 0. A
melanocarpus, B. e& Soacre- cra eie. Ar 217 Colensoi, Hook. fil. .... 147
rubiginosus, B. et S. 275 eleeagnifolius, Hook. fil. (Tas. XLL). 150
SES De a 200216 Forsteri, Hook. fil. (TAB. XL.) . enu LAS
JO B SS qu ev v epe ee: s T glastifolius, Hook. fil. (TAB. XXXIX) Qc 147
Angliculatus Bed. rei e 279 Greyi, Hook. fil. ee XXXVIIL). 148
vanthocar pus Decl esee t e e e 28 hispidulus, A. Rich. ; 142
Scinaia forcellata, Bivona... ee re ms: ii. 245 comptus, B ot Denes ee mere 143
Scirpus anceps, Beer res se i. 270 Lagopus, Raoul: ne een... 143
Jondone, D. en Ses. ee. ae 272 latifolius, B. e£ 8. pe 145
PANUS DG El: Star cs saw sts es 150.4969 lato Horse v o c ee lan
ee, B. el Sec. xe. co RE ER = var. B. Raoul toca e 145
hats A er 26 — var. y. macrocephalus............ 145
animos 5. 0000 es. ae 268 limolas, La a. ns en 145
TONS DCEO voc A e DU Lyallii, Hook. fil.... = 145, 11. 333
Palusıris. yaa, Debo mean 2 270 Monroi, Hook, Ji. T0. Zora en eS
tnu Wines c E ME ae DUM neglectus A Rich. ¿0 0 cee cc AD
triqueter, L. . 269 perdicioides, Hook. fil... .. ee 149
Scleranthee, ye i. 74 diuo B usns an ee oe 142
Scleranthus biflorus, Hook. file Bee a, 1.74 quadridentatus, Lab. ...... ee 143
Scleroderma Geaster, Fr... . ii. 190 Raoulü, Spach... : 145
ee 190 rotundifolins, Forst. esere i eee osse 189
Seleroma pyemeeun Berk... .............1.116 rupicola, A. Rich. a Zi
Sclerostomum ...... ii. 93 saxifragoides, Hook. fil. o... 11-0000 ees 144
Scopolia lucida, Forst. i. 98 scabrosus, B. et S. .. cose A.
Scorzonera scapigera, Foist.. 1.151 sciadophilus, Raoul ...... en 150
Scrophularineze, Juss. a Bes LS ? scorzoneroides, Hook. fil. ............. 146
Scutellaria humilis, Br. ............. i. 915,11. 835 tabidus, B. et S. . iie. ze pol
Novzx-Zelandie, Hook. fil. ......... e ii. 335 Sepedomum chrgsospermums Fries 19V
Sogphiophoste, adeb. nn... ee Serapias regularis, Forst. . eh
Scytosiphon lomentarium, J. Ag. ee. ale Seripha reniformis, B. et 8. Pip 00 xor E35
Seytothamnus australis, Hook. fil. et Bares ee) Shawia avicenniafolia, Raoul ».............. 1.120
Sebeea gracilis, A. Cunn. 1.179 Jurfuracea, Raoul... oo a a 117
ovata, Br. a 119 paniculata, Vorst. [ewe 1 cx 90
Secotium ee ie a als Sheffieldia repens, Lian. ..... +. 550+ ++ -1207
S en ADO fecu Iu o oct ANO
Selira TUUN Cavi c. nen 1.156 qustralis, Erde ar. nr mid
Sendtnera attenuata, Mitten (Tas. CL. fig. = i, 153 fretensis, Hook. fil... o5 72
flagellifera, Nees . 153 Siegesbeckia orientalis, D... ii. 321
POM rn, eos ey eS 153 Sieversia albiflora, Hook. fil. ..........%...> 1.56
Gehrolenea Nees 1, a 2 168 Silene quinquevulnera, d ee eg ip 32L
aeolOpendsn Aves. nr... 168 BERGE. ay reso EUR

INDEX. 373

Sisymbrium. heterophyllum, Forst............+ 1.13
pilosum B D 2... 2.0.0 14
Sisyrinchium exaltatum, B.et S. ............ 1.252
CLONES, Holst an... Lun. 982
Shinnera excorticata, Worst... e: 156
Scitophyllum Dillenii, La po l4 oo ee esc 08

Smllacee, br... ee. be
Vilas lxoddous, dict S^ B E ee 03
rmpogonmmslorste. X Le 0 253
Solanes D c ol
Solanum aviculare, Horst. SL
LOCC DIE ner ee 182
o 182
ne ee 182
UD TOUR 1.321
DOLNA COMPTOSSA, nor. area ii. 264
Solidago arborescens; A. Cunn............... 1. 148

Canes Cens B. einen... ur RTL
UWB. ote i. re rel
undulata, Bel Sa... ae)

Soliva tenella, 4. Cum... e m i. 129
Salorina aunantaea, dave cec ee x LS
Ditelimas Bee cR cc m tu DUI
Sonchus arvensis, Dn... e e 10831
Q3DOr Na... 0 159
en. a. LOS
Sophora microphylla, jum. ee EDR
een 52
Sparganium simple uds dec .:... 1.28
Spergula apelata, Lab, -- roneo 7193
arvensis, L. .. 1.3821
Sphacelaria botryoclada, 2 Hf. a Bork (CX. 2). ii. 221
Callitriche, Ag. .... (4 T RDS
funiculinisy Mont: e cr ee 991
hordeacea, Hook. fil. et da wa e R
paniculata, Suhr. ....... a
pulvinata, Hook. fil. et Bien. (Tan. Cx. C). 221
virgata, Hook Gl- st Hav: 28 $0 0 S 221
Spheeria Acetabulum, Berk. (Tag. OVI. fig. 2) ii. 206
Comenta. Berk. (TAB. OVI..fg.3) . o 206
CONCE O e 2. 204
fragilis, Berk. (Tag. CVI. fig. 7) . sa 208
gelatinosa, ode sne. ee e 308
ee: ee et 206
UEM ee an
TOPES. en. AUD
ludum. ou d o a e
pulicaris, Pers... s Mu AL
pullulans, Berk. (Tas. OVI. 1 6). fol Rm 205
rasa, Berk. . es M Chie ate US
Saubenetii, Mont. et fu E. AS RE Mc 206
VOL. IL,

Page
Spherocionium glanduliferum, Presl.......... 11.51
Spheroeseendee 0... Toe ii. 238

Spheerococcus Chauvinii, Bory .............ii. 252
CORPUS, DOY ee RÍO

Furcelamıs 49. ee ne 250
OU CORPUS, Grey. essc ee, MI
variegatus, BON: ose oe 250
Spherophoree ..... . ii, 304

Sphærophoron insira, Lar (Tan. OXXX. C) ii 304
var. B. scrobiculatum, Bab. 304
gonallerdes; Ders. 2... 2... ee 304
CUNpIessum, ICh, eere d ee ale
tenerum, LAUT: ves t et ee UE

DpHasnaten. uc c e C ee u. 57
Sphagnum. acutifolium, Hook. et Tayl. ....... 51.57

compactum, Du... 0.0... 57

var. dmm. oss ee 57

cuspidatum, Dill, 94 e les e c 58

= var, B-Teeumwum |... 5 58

= var. y. plumosum ....20 ==. 58

cymbitolium, Dill. ... 4 0 0.0... 57

umbruatum Us eroe oco eT 57

latifolium, Hedw. ........ pm 57

var. B. minus, ma e Hogi Ss 51
obtusifolium, Hook. et Lay... 57

DoD OIL CHUN: 22 ore a 58
Spinitex hirsutus Lab. ee ua 1. 292

QU ir Cl De Cee sae NM 292

BCFICOUS Raoul. ec ee a es ls 299
Spiranthes Novee-Zelandize, Hook. fil. ........ i. 243
Spizananthus anguiformis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. .. ii. 156
SICKNESS na nee ii. 93
Splachnidium rugosum, Grev. ......ooo.oo.». 11. 215
SPOMPIOCON BUS, Kos ceo ex c oc cepe d ii. 211
Spongoudwum, Lae... clon ceca bI
Spongonema, Kun. so. nn rnm i. 222
Sporobolus elongatus, Br... tees i 298
Spotochnaee on... 2... a ii. 216
Sporochnus stylosus (Tas. CIX. B.) ......... ii. 216
Spyudia opposita, Hamm =). . 24... ii. 256
Spyridiace@ ....... Beg eee pee i 2
Squamariez . . Lu luta Dd
Stackhousia minima, p Bi El
Siackhousie, Br. A a]
Stachelina fimbriata, Botte INIT uu ee
m mu tui doux

Phyllanthus, Nees ...... ae. 106%
tenuinervis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. sea ee E
xiphioides, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ........... 165
Mam NIE en
DISCOLOR As RICKI eus co RS 30

messes

374

SIQUID falcata, Dr. sr ee Dan

INDEX.
Page
ii. 80 Sticla fona, deh... ee EDO o did

Uto Dl. 28
innccolain, A ee ded 30
Ponor Bi: ses ea CM aeos 27
procera, Br. . 27
Siesta... ii. 109
Stellaria parviflora, B P = ui i. 95
elibnoides Hook. or V. ct E 25
decipiens Hook file. is quies 26
eraclea llo ie ce nenne dd 920
MA e M M c d
DOR Heb cc cc ode en "mel
Biemonijis fermusinea, Fr. liec a... ii. 192
opioides DO, o e eee ms 192
Stenochlaena heteromorpha, J. Sm. .......... ii. 46
Stenogramma Californica, Harv. . «asra nre ce ii. 249
imerupid. Mom. a en 249
Stephanephorus Dufourianus, Bab. ........... ti, 807
Stercocawlon olero Ban ann ii. 295
denudatum, Lloreda e cee aces 29D
macrocurpum, A. Dicha 04
Tamulbosum, Job. oo es p 294
cen — var. B. picantes Bab wd 294

— var. y. compressum, Bab, — 294

Stereum: cmereo-badium, Fries... =... s. os di; 189
rent Y... ee
Ialıssimunn DOW. ...- 7 ME ne
lobatum, Kunze .... ug 188
papyrinum, Mont. ao ve dtd aer 183
pheum, Berk. . 188
TUBOS LIES. En os 183
Bowerben Berl. ........... 182
vellereum, Berk. ... u 183
DM yu RE: es E a ii. 211
Bbielaaroyracea, Del... 0... ce? OST
aspera, Laur. .... 282
UrAbA MM I T wee spec e LO
Riemer, Del - eum vr og we meee 278
canpolomia, Del. (EAB. XXVI). os e.a 276
carpoloma, A. Rich. . ets 278
gollalifera, Lay - >. 2... 0... 278
cinereo-glauca, Tayl. (Tas. CXXVII. C.) .. 283
cunado N Rich er. 0... 279
Golensorn Das, (TAB. CXXIILY < ce 2... 274
— var. B. pinnatifida ............ 274
coriacea, Zayl, (TAB. CXXV. 4.) ....... 283
Giocata, Ah. en es a 275
dameecornis, Ach. . 279
Delisea, Del. . Soe oa s 281
DO woe a ccm 275
endochrysa, Hook. fil. 275

Hiotowiond, WAU esee ee
foveolata Da.....2.2.. cO tem
— var. a. Flotowiana, Bab. .....
———- var. f. cellulifera, Bad. (CXXIY.)
—- var. y. Billardieri, Bab. ........
fragillima, Bad. e
var. f. glebonimes; Bab. Bien
Breyeineii, Deh o o er
o
J'ulvo-cinerea, Mont.

puaberuma Dou di ek ee oe
elomulitera,, Del eri 0...
granulata, Bad.

herbacea, Del. ..... er
Hookeri, Bad. (Tas. CXXV. B enden
empresa Law c.r. 2. 2 en. 276,
latifrons, 4. Rich. en
— var. a. ochroleuca, Bo. ee ee

— var. ß. Menziesii (Tas. CXXIL) ..
imbata, ACh. = ns ue 2
— var, subflavida, Bab. seil
linearis, Tayl.
macrophylla, Del. d. pius
Mago tariei, KIS c cL e a
Montacnei 05. sirra: o ea
Mongeotiana, Debr. s es oer
a a ue cus a
—— Var. 9. rigida wre iets ese
Richardi, Mont. . wi
—— var. a. er du. re Sr
—— var. ß. rufo-virescens, Bab. .....
sinuosa, Pers. O
— var. papyracea, Bab, Er z
Thouarsii, Del. di ae em arem
variabilis, Zch. qo
Stictophyllum membranaceum, Kite. A
Stictosiphonia, Hook. fil. et Haro. ........... ils
Stigmatidium crassum, Dvd... a le
Suilbocarpa, Hook fie eaei aaa tL OD
Stilbum lateritium, Berk. ........ B il.
Stipa micrantha, Nees 59.5. ee ee. 2

Streleskia ? saxicola, Hook. fl. Ln
Strongylosperma australis, DO. ........ da
Saldes Bro. ooo caos eee ge 1.154 11.

Stylidium graminifolium, Swartz. ...... 1.3821,

spathulatum, Br once ee um
Sigphelia acerosa; D. et S: ssie sa 00... i.

Tandis, D. EU. de. bike |. ee
Stophela lanceolaie, Brei S...... ete tees t
Stypocaulon funiculare, Kütz. .......... ee. ü.

Page
276
278
278
278
278
278
279
279
280
282
281
279

|
1
|

INDEX. 375

Page Page

Stypocaulon hordeaceum, Kitz. ............. ii. 221 Thelymitra longifolia, Forst. ............... i. 243
paniculatum, Küte won. un ee LL pauciora, Br... iiiar A 244
DUG COUN, Kür c c T cee PIS 221 pulchella, Hook. JU... ee 244
Stipopodium Sinclairü, Kütz. ..............1. 918 unilor Hook. uo en 13 I LER 244
Suseda maritima, Dum... . «cocoa E 214 Thlaspi? australe, Hook. Jl. AA ii. 325
Sultonia australis, A Hch -aeee 00 172 Thorea Americana, Kütz, «oo. ne a 220
divaricata, Hook. fil... ane Ae 1783 Thuja Dontana, Hook... ........ euer. i. 231
—— var. B. montana .......i. 173, ii. 334 Pıymelee, Juss. wa. a 1. 220
nummularia, Hook. fil. (TAB. XLV.) ..... #173 Thysananthus ophiocephalus, Tayl. ........... ii. 156
salicina, Hook. fil, (TAB. XLIV.) ni 0-172 scutellatus, Hook, fil. et Tayl, ........... 155
Swammerdammia glomerata, Raoul .......... i133 A o o i. 31

Swartzia-capiliacea, Hedw. .....c.....¿.0.. 1173
Symblepharis perichetialis, Mils. ........... 1.60
Symphyogyna flabellata, Mont. et Nees ....... ii. 165

Hymenophyllum, Mont. et Nees.......... 166
leptopoda, Hook. fil. et Tayl. ...... LOS
chivohola, aes one wc ido ia ee OB 166
subsimplex, Mitten Do ua acd one LE 166

Tachites umbelluhfera, B. e& 8. ............. 1.18
Lorachia polyodon, Presl «s<. =... iiia ranih ii. 34
Taraxacum emopodum, DO. 51 ee 1.152

otlicinale, DG. oee e aa 20.21.1652 6391
— var. a, elata....... oem. Ae 159
————- var. B. minor .....o.oooom.o.o... 152
—— var y pysmea ...-«wwc- 2 wel}
Targionia hypophylla, Z. <o 6c. cn 70

Micheli, Corda e els Aw ete d 70

Tetragonia, Z... a e eee, Se 829
coria De o 177
O eee TA

halimijolia, Worst, 2.2... T1
inna, Biel 5... a ac ee 17
Tetranthera calycaris, Hook. fil. C ee omes. 216

Tetrapathea australis, Raoul............... i. 78
Teucridium parvifolium, Hook. fil. (Tag. XLIX.) i. 208
Phosmnocarpus, Kb. o 2... A ii. 945

Thamnophora angusta, J. Ag. .............. ii. 246
coraiiorMed, AB on. ede eR AG

Costa 9. Ag. 455 oe an 246
Cunningham, GIN: 1. o vine 040
Magellantca, Mont... ae ese a ees 235
Procardia Ue. Uc UM a 246
Theleophyton Billardieri, Moq. Tand. ........ i. 215
Thelephora baka, Hook, ... 2... 0% ii. 183
pedicellata, Schwein. on. cess. 4. ee. 182
vaga, Berk. Ep qum ee
Thelotrema ee p fo dite oa n 04
"helymibuns Horse... Sas ee ee 11.336
OTE Oi. cs eee TP
imberbis, Hook. f il, (ted AS 244

Pea debs O 5... 22.22 OK 15
moschäta, DO. 0 ¿dai EL EE 75

muüscosa, Horst. ue. lvo we IUS 15
peduncularis, BI ccr edes CoN Iu HE 5
purpurata, er heen ois
verticillaris, DC. a Salty aire EO 75
Tilopteris, Kite. mer 2 en equ 11. 222
Tmesipteris Billardieri, Spring. 9.25 vu. ii. 51
Forster dh ceo ct m 51
Tannensis, Lab... nr IE 51
Todea Africana, Kaldes T. x. Ss ii. 48, 338
hymenopßhylioides, Presl A 48

pellucida, Garm A A sn 48
supeibas Col seem x M MO enc 48
Tolipothuix irregularis; Dora. = 99 2er 71.965

Torresia Antarctica, Beauv. .. sen. tit... 1:302
redolens, luem. et Scl. —. mr A. 300
Tortula Australasie, Hook. fil. eb Wils........ ii. 70
cmspiosa, Schwegrz IIA ee 70
calyema, SOMOCG hans A OE 70
chloronotos; Brid: o nn oS eee 69
flexuosa, van? Hooks u... ee 70
inmioides, MEL. aere rn 1 71
Moler DAS. ee. A vs
rupiseia, Tyl. non... mm 70
serrulata, Hook.et-Grev Pi 70
torquata LOU), coo UPS UR 70
Trachyloma planifolium, Hook. ............. ii. 103
Trematodon longicollis, Rich, se... . ii. 69
Trichilia monophylla, A. Rich. .............. 1.21
SPECHADUNS, orst. ee sen. 39
Tiehocerns, Kun kcu oe ee IS ii. 256
"Jrichocolea lanata; Nees 4 ret. 990009111 12153
mollissima, Hook. fil. et Tayl ........... 153
tomentella, Nes o 158

var, y Ja vanica s 10. POT NISS

Trichocoma paradoxum, Jungh. .............11.189 *
TUNE u a a ET 4021206
Tricholoma elatinoides, Berk. ............... i. 190
Trichomanes eruginosum, Thouars .......... ii 15

376 INDEX.

Page

Trichomanes divalve, Horst. «0 vox 11. 12
Colensoi Hook. filo ros cece 2a... T7
DODISSHIA Horst... 2. na... 14
dilatatum, Borb.:.-.12 2. a 18
elongatum, A. OMM. sore on. EY
Indhcherianum, Presli.. seid orr oes 16
lude farb. ee 16
leptophylium; A. Cual... «o 17
macılentum, M. eb Se... scum ces EO ta 12

molida, Port. ls 12
POC Medw. s c e ee toi rd 19

VA scans O et 16
sguartosum, Foret, o Ee E 9
SU ee 17
venosum, Dp. zn an cue Cus T
Trichoscytale paradoxa, Corda. ............. ii. 189
Trichostomese ....... jede 69)

Trichostomum pro ie. Fock. P Gies. v ee Tia
brachydontinm, Dr. o ee 12

CORDIA DIE Ll ee se 71
qusciculare;-Hedw. osna se cera ran eee 76
fuscescens, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXV. 1) 78
lanuginosum, Hedw. . 2 oe a 76
laxifolium, Hook. fil. et Wils.: ...... 7

lingulatum, Hook. fil. et Wiis. (LXXXIV. 4) 71
longifolium, Hook. fil. et Wüs. .......... 72
RUC ROE, Dru sares ne 72

perichetiale, Hook. : 60
pheum, Hook. fil. 3 Wils. (LXXXIV. be 72
pulvinatum, Web. et Mohr. ....... 15
setosum, Hook. fil. et Wils. (LXXXIV. 6). 73
BUNCH, DT ee a 72

Lrichothammon, KUZ. echte an i 099
Triglochin decipiens, Bro. ar... L 286
puoi, Sieh. — x... 5.2 ed: 236
fecidum, Ay Cunn. nn. een 250
Montevidense, Spt. una ses SO
tuandının, dA en ne
Vno, Dot S. eur 200
"Ermeuron pusillum, Hook: 5. dx) ee D dal
"Eriodia. splendida; Steud. =: o dee e 991
Driphalio rubicunda, Sol, u... o ee i. 34
Trisetum antarcticum, Trin. (Tag. LXVIII. B.) i. 801
"Putieum languidum, D. et. 3. e. anes eccl oll

1mulillorum;oB. ef Seti eee ae OUR
ropens, WICH. 2... een eee CLL
Sabri, 52... a 8311

BERDPUM; A. OWN. u. erae an
lin, ld. ae ea
‘Triticum 3799770300, B. et Dia ie 1811
Hrophis idm BES oran esas 98

Page
Woplis » opacas Der Se are i. 224
Trypethelium madreporiforme, Eschw. ....... ii. 805

var. B. obscurius, Bab. 305
Tupeia antarctica, Cham. et Schl. (Tas. XXVI.) i. 101
Vurbinaria denudata, Boy... es ii. 212
ornata, J. 4g. . TORNEOS GNE UIS
Tyndaridea indi, Ralfs cM OU. e EGS
P byssoidea; Haris men 2.2. anne 20h
Ty pha angustifoka; nm... 2a 2 en i. 238
latifolia a Ger wl dd Re. OO

Biva bulbosa KoA e i rean ana. ser leo

Cispa, Mani. wen een: 265
dichotoma, Eng. Bot. is onna anne ee 219
järcellata, Pro. BO 2... 245
Jatissima, Donna en 206
lobata mern 265
DINOS, PUS Bol... eiea e o S 261
UID NE Ta e TO
Uli. ee ee ii. 264
Umbelltere Justa ET an: i, 82

Uneinia-australis; Pes 2. 0 ee 9
australi, MOUS c a oe 0256
Banksi, Bootle os arona Sdn IR ES 287

-— Var. B. Major Gus ut oc. San 287

Gespilosa, Boote. CE heey ee OT

compacta; he Rich: s en

distans; Booth e tee HER SN 986
divaricata, Boott. . RE Svan ie ES OO
ferruginea, Boott (Tas. LXIV. B) E TA 288

a oi S9 BÓ
OO BOOM ee 286
lepuostachys; Maquina 286
riparia, Mook 0 A O 286
rubra, Boott (TAB. LXIV. 4) 2 2.0.3831
Upesi, AOU, ne an A ISO
scabra, Boot, ees ait A ADS
Urceolaria macrophthaima, Qui. m DA
SCHUPOSQ, Neer eoe UL TUIS 293
Uromyces citreformas, Berk, 0... 2.05.25... 1 210
scariosd, Herb. a MO ey ee OD
Urtica australis, Hook: file 4.2 20 095
ferox, Horse. na eee a O
hastata; Beet Bet ouo a 5

lucifuge, Hook. fl. 2... nen 2.8. 225
var; B. Hneantola ar ot 225

ürens, 71... doi mu T 322
Uea angulata, Aoh. ae en. ii. 269
barbata, JM oo en ee 268
cerolina, Ai a ee DOS
cormiculdria Nol a A 268

INDEX. 377
Page Page
Usnea florida; Ach. cris ci crr ee LOS Veronica spathulata, Benth- 2... oe, A 1
is Did NOLO S. qutt 4e We cse I IE 268 stenophylla, Stud. o. o aee eeann a
meluxentha Aoo aso e a pe ee DOS Speciosa, Le Cui e nn. TOI
picota echa ee. 1 loei aaa OO teiragond, Hook... v o au a. 194
Ustilago bullata, Berk. (Tag. CVI. fig. 12) ... u. 196 Verrucaria alba? Delrad. x os 1,307
Candollei, var. Berkeleyana, Tw. ........ 196 dermatoides, Tayl: <r- nar ra n QUT
endotricha, Berk. (Tas. OVI. fig. 4) ..... 196 tomera, Pers. 9.0 4. 04 00 50
Utrieularia Colensoi, Hook. fil. Aaa c ot. 206 Maura, Mai. oc A 50
Novee-Zelandie, Hook. fil. dorm e 2206 malen don ee ccc cT 307
protrusa, Hook. fil... Heres es oe e UD mida, Sobrüdos ee a UT
mupesiriss nes... 2 a ee UE
Manchea DIWYD AY. = ogee Seen Od nnbnmb Han. ee a eee 307
Vet ier a. australis, A~ CHES x odo cur gs 0 Veruca.. i ree OF
NLUCNACER usse. Coelo 2208 Nincentia anceps, Hook- rar 62. eunt 1.267
Veronica aeutiflora, Benth. .........:...... 1.192 Viola Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. ........ 1.16, ii. 395
Anaspals ar ne. ee 197, ii. 334 —- var. multiceps: s: 1.16
angustifolia; A. Cuna... ese OR —————— var. radicata ........... 16
Bidwill Hook te oe a i ee IUD —- var. gracilis ........... 16
DUO A hp en. 00... ee c IL filicaulis, Hook. f. ae ee eem 16
UdeMM a 0.0101 Aaolanem. DU. -e e es Db i]
cataracte, Tost o es a LOD Viscoides lata Bet Se ...:101 |
var, p: lanceolata =. 179 fan B Be... 00... 2. TOI
Var y nino 9... 90 0-2 195 Viscum antarcticum, A. Cuan. .... 2... L 100
decussato; ANU. ce co co O pusgenum, N WU... 2...
E Jn e M O saluornoides # Cm EI T 101
Dieitenbachu, DON occ e de LOL. Vitex littoralis, 4 CA =. ooo vr on 20S
dion n TONS: 2, OI e e i. DAE 193 Vovadenu ausiralis, A. Rich, o eee, s s k
ellipiica HO) SL. o rr dp e d Le Mg Puipa swara; NB 00 un... 1.811
LONG MAE Denen. ee. ek OT
| Hookervana, Benn: ce e 196 Wahlenbergia albo-marginata, Hook. ........ i. 160
| loncealatas Beni u en 195 gracilis, A. Wh, ne. een 159
haved canes Rasul sn aea i ce TD varo ca plas ae E Epi
icustrtolla, 4. Cum. 2... e 192 SANICO Pre. nenn. DO
= Vals B- acutilora «t 192 Weinmannıa éefulina, A. Cung. ............ 18
| Landieyana, Pax. aaa re. ore dl jachsodes, X. Cum. . ea '80
| O i E 194 racemosa; FOIS. <r -o erore oa vA 80
| -va O oa d 194 spatiosa, B. eis a e OO 80
| NA HOOK fil een e eo 2196 sylvicola, Bas 0. ee ae e 79
Macro CAL DOs) lesa ec ee 192 == Vat Je mehsioides . 4.5 ae 80
-— = Var: B. myrüfoha aa e A) —- var. y. betulma ........a... 80
| macrouta Hook Jil. a 091 Weissia controversa, 7040. 2. 422... ii. 59
| Menzies Bone = IIS. E 193 flavipes, Hf. et Wils, (lab. LXXXIIL f. 2) 59
mironi Bei ar. ne... viridula, Bd. -ceri oaa eruere 59
| mval s Aoa ee 196 WIGSSO A quoe d en. ii. 58
i Oea d... cet DN oes Wintera aeris, Horst... .....:.....1894
| parvilora a o eem 1.19% Wellsstonia bilora, DO. o.oo ioe. eed ocd
— var. 8. phillyreefelia®. ........ 192 Wrancela Dyuhb Halo... 0 ee 200
| Dimeleordes, Hook: We 2... 0.2. 108 QUO u. ey eec. 9236
Dübestens 5.028. o 00 18 CAC CUO Cee o o MB.
Sume HONS. «2. 0 ood oe SLOT Xanthoxylon Nove-Zelandie, A. Rich. ....... i. 919
Vals siia. 2 eM 191 Xeranthemum bellidioides, Forst............. 1.137
VOL. IL. ; 5.0
3

378

Xiphophora Billardieri, Mont. ..............
ehondrophyla Mont. ee

Xiphopteris heterophylla, Spreng.
Xylaria anisopleuron, Mont.

castorea, Berk. (TAB. Cv. fg 10) zs

hypoxylon, Fries ...
multiplex, Äze.

tuberiformis, Berk. (Tas. Cv. dio 11) im
Xylophila longifolia, B. et 8. ....-...-.....-

Zannichellia palustris, L.
HOSE, Bes... 0... nn
Be e
Zonaria flava, Hook. fil. et Harv. ..

LITTLE QUEEN STREET,

INDEX.
Page Page
ii. 215 Zonaria interrupta, 4g. . pote eh ee eS
215 Sinclairii, Hook. fil. d Jis 218
cen. m velutina, Harv. ..... AMD OAS
. ii. 204 Zoopsis argentea, Hook. fi. P Da. 27.108
Se 204 Foysia pungens, All 2... 2... 1:912
208 Zygodon Brownii, Schwegr. ii. 81
208 conoideus, var. B. elongatus, Hou et Grev. 81
204 eyathicarpus, Mont. sar 0 m 81
1. 96 denticulatus, Day: 2... a e 81
intermedius, Bret Seh- rroi deti ia 80
1 ObfnsHolus Hood 2. 2.0 2... 80
ne sah Keinwardtin Braun san... 80
=. .11.288 Zygogonium anomalum, Kate. ............. 11, 268
LS
THE END.

JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, PRINTER,

LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, LONDON.

| F. Reeve nap.
E

Glac hena Cunninshamn, Luz.

| | Plate LIL

F. Reeve imp:

Cyathea Smithu, Zok, fl.

Plate LAL

F. Reeve, ump.

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Plate LXXXIIL
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| Phascum apiculatum, Hf £W. Weissia flavipes, Hf.&W.

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